{ "3842": { "apprentice_persona": "My favorite tv show is Chopped.\nThey play along with the show", "dialog_history": [ { "action": "Apprentice => Wizard", "text": "I just watched chopped for 3 hours straight. The baskets were hard in some of them.", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077187 }, { "action": "Wizard => SearchAgent", "text": "Chopped", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077212 }, { "action": "SearchAgent => Wizard", "text": "", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.dictionary.com/browse/chopped", "title": "Chopped Definition of at Dictionary com", "content": [ "[chopt]", "SEE MORE SYNONYMS FOR chopped ON THESAURUS.COM", "diced, minced, or cut into small bits.", "(of an automobile) streamlined; lowered.", "Origin of chopped", "Related formsun\u00b7chopped, adjectivewell-chopped, adjective", "[chop]", "verb (used with object), chopped, chop\u00b7ping.", "to cut or sever with a quick, heavy blow or a series of blows, using an ax, hatchet, etc. (often followed by down, off, etc.): to chop down a tree.", "to make or prepare for use by so cutting: to chop logs.", "to cut in pieces; mince (often followed by up): to chop up an onion; to chop meat.", "(in tennis, cricket, etc.) to hit (a ball) with a chop stroke.", "to weed and thin out (growing cotton) with a hoe.", "Fox Hunting. (of a hound or pack) to attack and kill (a fox that has not begun to run).", "verb (used without object), chopped, chop\u00b7ping.", "to make a quick, heavy stroke or a series of strokes, as with an ax.", "Boxing. to throw or deliver a short blow, especially a downward one while in a clinch.", "(in tennis, cricket, etc.) to employ or deliver a chop stroke.", "to go, come, or move suddenly or violently.", "an act or instance of chopping.", "a cutting blow.", "Boxing. a short blow, especially a downward one, executed while in a clinch.", "a piece chopped off.", "an individual cut or portion of meat, as mutton, lamb, veal, or pork, usually one containing a rib.", "crushed or ground grain used as animal feed.", "a short, irregular, broken motion of waves; choppiness: There s too much chop for rowing today.", "rough, turbulent water, as of a sea or lake.", "(in tennis, cricket, etc.) a chop stroke.", "Origin of chop", "1350\u20131400; Middle English choppen; variant of chap1", "1. See cut.", "to turn, shift, or change suddenly: The wind chopped to the west.", "to vacillate; change one s mind.", "to barter.", "to bandy words; argue.", "1425\u201375; variant of obsolete chap barter, Middle English chappen (with vowel as in chapman), chepen, Old English c\u0113apian to trade (derivative of c\u0113ap sale, trade; see cheap)", "Related Words for chopped", "cleave, cube, divide, mince, slash, hack, whack, hew, hash, clip, fragment, mangle, lop, fell, shear, truncate, sever, dice, axe, hackle", "Examples from the Web for chopped", "Contemporary Examples of chopped", "Best-known as a judge on Chopped, chef Amanda Freitag opens her first restaurant\u2014a recast New York icon.", "Chopped? Amanda Freitag Hopes Not", "Plastic cutlery arrived, followed by a container of chopped onion and cilantro.", "A Culinary Tour to Answer the Age-Old Question: Why Is Mexican Food So Good?", "Burnett said Peden took it and chopped it up into a bunch of pieces after the shooting.", "Inside the Georgia Militia Murders", "Out came Marc s army, dozens of models in chopped blond wigs streaked with green.", "Marc Jacobs: Hot & Heavy for Spring 2014 at New York Fashion Week", "I interviewed a man whose hand had been chopped off for stealing.", "Pity Boston, Ignore Nigeria: The Limits of Compassion", "Historical Examples of chopped", "Then add to it the chopped chicken with the other ingredients.", "Put them into the soup, add a handful of chopped parsley, and let them boil.", "Season it with pepper, salt, chopped sweet herbs, and parsley.", "It had got chopped off by some accident when she was a calf.", "It was plainly evident that it had been chopped off quite recently.", "British Dictionary definitions for chopped", "verb chops, chopping or chopped", "(often foll by down or off) to cut (something) with a blow from an axe or other sharp tool", "(tr) to produce or make in this mannerto chop firewood", "(tr often foll by up) to cut into pieces", "(tr) British informal to dispense with or reduce", "(intr) to move quickly or violently", "sport to hit (a ball) sharply downwards", "boxing martial arts to punch or strike (an opponent) with a short sharp blow", "Western African an informal word for eat", "a cutting blow", "the act or an instance of chopping", "a piece chopped off", "a slice of mutton, lamb, or pork, generally including a rib", "Australian and NZ slang a share (esp in the phrase get or hop in for one s chop)", "Western African an informal word for food", "Australian and NZ a competition of skill and speed in chopping logs", "sport a sharp downward blow or stroke", "not much chop Australian and NZ informal not much good; poor", "the chop slang dismissal from employment", "Word Origin for chop", "C16: variant of chap 1", "(intr) to change direction suddenly; vacillate (esp in the phrase chop and change)", "obsolete to barter", "chop logic to use excessively subtle or involved logic or argument", "Old English ceapian to barter; see cheap, chapman", "a design stamped on goods as a trademark, esp in the Far East", "C17: from Hindi chh\u0101p", "Word Origin and History for chopped", "to cut with a quick blow, mid-14c., of uncertain origin, perhaps from Old North French choper (Old French coper to cut, cut off, 12c., Modern French couper), from Vulgar Latin *cuppare to behead, from a root meaning head, but influenced in Old French by couper to strike. Related: Chopped; chopping.", "shift quickly, 1530s, earlier to bargain (early 15c.), ultimately from Old English ceapian to bargain (see cheap); here with a sense of changing back and forth, probably from common expressions such as to chop and change barter. To chop logic is recorded from 1570s. Related: Chopped; chopping.", "act of chopping, mid-14c., from chop (v.1). Meaning piece cut off is mid-15c.; specifically slice of meat from mid-17c. Sense of a blow, strike is from 1550s.", "Nearby words for chopped", "choplogic", "chopper tool" ] }, { "url": "https://www.foodnetwork.ca/shows/chopped/", "title": "Chopped Episode Guide TV Schedule Food Network Canada", "content": [ "Chopped is a cooking competition show that is all about skill, speed and ingenuity. Each week, four chefs compete before a panel of expert judges and turn baskets of mystery ingredients into an extraordinary three-course meal. Course by course, the chefs will be chopped from the competition until only one winner remains.", "The challenge? They have seconds to plan and 30 minutes to cook an amazing course with the basket of mystery ingredients given to them moments before the clock starts ticking! Once they ve completed their dish, they have to survive the Chopping Block where our three judges are waiting to be wowed and not shy about voicing their culinary criticisms!", "Host Ted Allen leads this high energy, high-pressure show which will have viewers rooting for a winner and cheering for the losers. Chopped is a game of passion, expertise and skill - and in the end, only one chef will survive the Chopping Block. Who will make the cut? The answer is on Chopped!", "Ted, the host of Chopped, was the food and wine specialist on the groundbreaking, Emmy-winning series Queer Eye, which had a 100-episode run." ] }, { "url": "https://chop5.com/", "title": "CHOP5 Salad Kitchen Healthy Flavorful Chop Salads", "content": [ "Fundraising with CHOP5", "CHOP5 Salad Kitchen", "is rocking the world of salads. But we\u2019re not just talking any salad. We\u2019re talking about fresh, made-to-order chopped salads with the taste you crave. Step outside the box of fast-fried-been-there-done-that food and step into the fast-casual dining that\u2019s calling your name. Eat with no regrets!", "Interested in franchise opportunities? Click here to send us a message!", "\u00a9 2017 CHOP5, LLC. \u2022 CHOP5 Salad Kitchen \u2022 2044 Polaris Parkway Columbus, OH 43240", "Click here to join our rewards program!", "This privacy notice discloses the privacy practices for www.CHOP5.com. This privacy notice applies solely to information collected by this website. It will notify you of the following: What personally identifiable information is collected from you through the website, how it is used and with whom it may be shared. What choices are available to you regarding the use of your data. The security procedures in place to protect the misuse of your information. How you can correct any inaccuracies in the information.", "We are the sole owners of the information collected on this site. We only have access to/collect information that you voluntarily give us via email or other direct contact from you. We will not sell or rent this information to anyone. We will use your information to respond to you, regarding the reason you contacted us. We will not share your information with any third party outside of our organization, other than as necessary to fulfill your request, e.g. to deliver an online order through GRUBHUB. Unless you ask us not to, we may contact you via email in the future to tell you about specials, new products or services, or changes to this privacy policy.", "Donn Ditzhazy, Executive Creative Director", "RMD Advertising 614.794.2008 | cell 614.595.6086 www.RMDadvertising.com" ] }, { "url": "https://watch.foodnetwork.com/full-episodes", "title": "Food Network Full Episodes Watch Now for FREE", "content": [ "Chopped Free Season", "Cook Like a Pro with Ina", "Ultimate Protein Battle", "Five masters of protein face off in Flavortown.", "The chefs must stay focused as they take on three chicken-themed rounds", "Ice Shard Cake", "Dan makes a wintry masterpiece that will warm your heart.", "Monkey See, Monkey Bake", "The bakers have to turn packaged biscuit dough into monkey bread volcanoes.", "Apolo Ohno Says Oh Yes to Cake", "Apolo Ohno challenges bakers to make an anniversary-birthday cake.", "Aloha, Recruits!", "The recruits take on a variety of tropical island-inspired challenges.", "Taste of Capri Party", "Giada hosts a lunch party that celebrates the island of Capri, Italy.", "The Kitchen reduces weeknight stress with a Big Batch Pork Butt and more.", "Ree makes Maple Bacon Dip and Strawberry Rose Bellinis for an office party.", "Whole Lotta Comfort", "Guy Fieri dives into hearty helpings of comfort food from Atlanta to Utah.", "A pastry chef and a chef-of-all-trades compete for a shot at Bobby.", "Cookin Couples", "Guy welcomes three couples to Flavortown to prove their culinary knowledge.", "Wonton Wonder", "Chefs get creative with wonton wrappers, comfort food and a strange pastry.", "Actor and producer Michael B. Jordan discusses his sky-rocketing career.", "Oprah Winfrey Presents on Food Network", "Actor Bradley Cooper discusses how he has emerged as a visionary filmmaker.", "Freaky Flavors", "The young bakers have to create a large tart featuring an unusual flavor.", "Unlocked Episodes", "It s a Busby Birthday!", "The bakers compete to make a 4th birthday cake for the Busby quintuplets.", "Dr. Deckle and Mr. Fried", "Three of the four chefs make a huge mistake with the jumbo shrimp.", "The Perfect Bird", "Fifteen more of America s worst cooks begin their culinary journey.", "All Stocked Up", "Ree dips into her trusty staples to whip up some fabulous food.", "The 12 young bakers must make cupcakes featuring bacon.", "Sour With the Sweet", "Sunny Anderson and Josh Capon serve up a winner in hopes of beating Bobby.", "Say Yes to the Veg", "Valerie tries out new ways to sneak veggies into kid-friendly dishes.", "The Kitchen is snowed in with Sweet Potato and Corn Chowder and more.", "Chefs Ham It Up", "The chefs begin by making a barbecue blowout that won t blow their budget." ] }, { "url": "https://www.nbc.com/saturday-night-live/video/chopped/3954432", "title": "Watch Saturday Night Live Highlight Chopped NBC com", "content": [ "Chopped judges (Emma Thompson, Aidy Bryant, Alex Moffat) review the dishes two finalists (Melissa Villase\u00f1or, Leslie Jones) have made.", "Tags: snl, saturday night live, snl season 44, snl 44, emma thompson, aidy bryant, mikey day, leslie jones, alex moffat, chopped, cooking show, cooking competition, cooking, Melissa Villase\u00f1or" ] } ] }, "timestamp": null }, { "action": "Wizard => Apprentice", "text": " Baskets? I don't know anything about this show. Is it something about cooking?", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.dictionary.com/browse/chopped", "title": "Chopped Definition of at Dictionary com", "content": [ "[chopt]", "SEE MORE SYNONYMS FOR chopped ON THESAURUS.COM", "diced, minced, or cut into small bits.", "(of an automobile) streamlined; lowered.", "Origin of chopped", "Related formsun\u00b7chopped, adjectivewell-chopped, adjective", "[chop]", "verb (used with object), chopped, chop\u00b7ping.", "to cut or sever with a quick, heavy blow or a series of blows, using an ax, hatchet, etc. (often followed by down, off, etc.): to chop down a tree.", "to make or prepare for use by so cutting: to chop logs.", "to cut in pieces; mince (often followed by up): to chop up an onion; to chop meat.", "(in tennis, cricket, etc.) to hit (a ball) with a chop stroke.", "to weed and thin out (growing cotton) with a hoe.", "Fox Hunting. (of a hound or pack) to attack and kill (a fox that has not begun to run).", "verb (used without object), chopped, chop\u00b7ping.", "to make a quick, heavy stroke or a series of strokes, as with an ax.", "Boxing. to throw or deliver a short blow, especially a downward one while in a clinch.", "(in tennis, cricket, etc.) to employ or deliver a chop stroke.", "to go, come, or move suddenly or violently.", "an act or instance of chopping.", "a cutting blow.", "Boxing. a short blow, especially a downward one, executed while in a clinch.", "a piece chopped off.", "an individual cut or portion of meat, as mutton, lamb, veal, or pork, usually one containing a rib.", "crushed or ground grain used as animal feed.", "a short, irregular, broken motion of waves; choppiness: There s too much chop for rowing today.", "rough, turbulent water, as of a sea or lake.", "(in tennis, cricket, etc.) a chop stroke.", "Origin of chop", "1350\u20131400; Middle English choppen; variant of chap1", "1. See cut.", "to turn, shift, or change suddenly: The wind chopped to the west.", "to vacillate; change one s mind.", "to barter.", "to bandy words; argue.", "1425\u201375; variant of obsolete chap barter, Middle English chappen (with vowel as in chapman), chepen, Old English c\u0113apian to trade (derivative of c\u0113ap sale, trade; see cheap)", "Related Words for chopped", "cleave, cube, divide, mince, slash, hack, whack, hew, hash, clip, fragment, mangle, lop, fell, shear, truncate, sever, dice, axe, hackle", "Examples from the Web for chopped", "Contemporary Examples of chopped", "Best-known as a judge on Chopped, chef Amanda Freitag opens her first restaurant\u2014a recast New York icon.", "Chopped? Amanda Freitag Hopes Not", "Plastic cutlery arrived, followed by a container of chopped onion and cilantro.", "A Culinary Tour to Answer the Age-Old Question: Why Is Mexican Food So Good?", "Burnett said Peden took it and chopped it up into a bunch of pieces after the shooting.", "Inside the Georgia Militia Murders", "Out came Marc s army, dozens of models in chopped blond wigs streaked with green.", "Marc Jacobs: Hot & Heavy for Spring 2014 at New York Fashion Week", "I interviewed a man whose hand had been chopped off for stealing.", "Pity Boston, Ignore Nigeria: The Limits of Compassion", "Historical Examples of chopped", "Then add to it the chopped chicken with the other ingredients.", "Put them into the soup, add a handful of chopped parsley, and let them boil.", "Season it with pepper, salt, chopped sweet herbs, and parsley.", "It had got chopped off by some accident when she was a calf.", "It was plainly evident that it had been chopped off quite recently.", "British Dictionary definitions for chopped", "verb chops, chopping or chopped", "(often foll by down or off) to cut (something) with a blow from an axe or other sharp tool", "(tr) to produce or make in this mannerto chop firewood", "(tr often foll by up) to cut into pieces", "(tr) British informal to dispense with or reduce", "(intr) to move quickly or violently", "sport to hit (a ball) sharply downwards", "boxing martial arts to punch or strike (an opponent) with a short sharp blow", "Western African an informal word for eat", "a cutting blow", "the act or an instance of chopping", "a piece chopped off", "a slice of mutton, lamb, or pork, generally including a rib", "Australian and NZ slang a share (esp in the phrase get or hop in for one s chop)", "Western African an informal word for food", "Australian and NZ a competition of skill and speed in chopping logs", "sport a sharp downward blow or stroke", "not much chop Australian and NZ informal not much good; poor", "the chop slang dismissal from employment", "Word Origin for chop", "C16: variant of chap 1", "(intr) to change direction suddenly; vacillate (esp in the phrase chop and change)", "obsolete to barter", "chop logic to use excessively subtle or involved logic or argument", "Old English ceapian to barter; see cheap, chapman", "a design stamped on goods as a trademark, esp in the Far East", "C17: from Hindi chh\u0101p", "Word Origin and History for chopped", "to cut with a quick blow, mid-14c., of uncertain origin, perhaps from Old North French choper (Old French coper to cut, cut off, 12c., Modern French couper), from Vulgar Latin *cuppare to behead, from a root meaning head, but influenced in Old French by couper to strike. Related: Chopped; chopping.", "shift quickly, 1530s, earlier to bargain (early 15c.), ultimately from Old English ceapian to bargain (see cheap); here with a sense of changing back and forth, probably from common expressions such as to chop and change barter. To chop logic is recorded from 1570s. Related: Chopped; chopping.", "act of chopping, mid-14c., from chop (v.1). Meaning piece cut off is mid-15c.; specifically slice of meat from mid-17c. Sense of a blow, strike is from 1550s.", "Nearby words for chopped", "choplogic", "chopper tool" ] }, { "url": "https://www.foodnetwork.ca/shows/chopped/", "title": "Chopped Episode Guide TV Schedule Food Network Canada", "content": [ "Chopped is a cooking competition show that is all about skill, speed and ingenuity. Each week, four chefs compete before a panel of expert judges and turn baskets of mystery ingredients into an extraordinary three-course meal. Course by course, the chefs will be chopped from the competition until only one winner remains.", "The challenge? They have seconds to plan and 30 minutes to cook an amazing course with the basket of mystery ingredients given to them moments before the clock starts ticking! Once they ve completed their dish, they have to survive the Chopping Block where our three judges are waiting to be wowed and not shy about voicing their culinary criticisms!", "Host Ted Allen leads this high energy, high-pressure show which will have viewers rooting for a winner and cheering for the losers. Chopped is a game of passion, expertise and skill - and in the end, only one chef will survive the Chopping Block. Who will make the cut? The answer is on Chopped!", "Ted, the host of Chopped, was the food and wine specialist on the groundbreaking, Emmy-winning series Queer Eye, which had a 100-episode run." ] }, { "url": "https://chop5.com/", "title": "CHOP5 Salad Kitchen Healthy Flavorful Chop Salads", "content": [ "Fundraising with CHOP5", "CHOP5 Salad Kitchen", "is rocking the world of salads. But we\u2019re not just talking any salad. We\u2019re talking about fresh, made-to-order chopped salads with the taste you crave. Step outside the box of fast-fried-been-there-done-that food and step into the fast-casual dining that\u2019s calling your name. Eat with no regrets!", "Interested in franchise opportunities? Click here to send us a message!", "\u00a9 2017 CHOP5, LLC. \u2022 CHOP5 Salad Kitchen \u2022 2044 Polaris Parkway Columbus, OH 43240", "Click here to join our rewards program!", "This privacy notice discloses the privacy practices for www.CHOP5.com. This privacy notice applies solely to information collected by this website. It will notify you of the following: What personally identifiable information is collected from you through the website, how it is used and with whom it may be shared. What choices are available to you regarding the use of your data. The security procedures in place to protect the misuse of your information. How you can correct any inaccuracies in the information.", "We are the sole owners of the information collected on this site. We only have access to/collect information that you voluntarily give us via email or other direct contact from you. We will not sell or rent this information to anyone. We will use your information to respond to you, regarding the reason you contacted us. We will not share your information with any third party outside of our organization, other than as necessary to fulfill your request, e.g. to deliver an online order through GRUBHUB. Unless you ask us not to, we may contact you via email in the future to tell you about specials, new products or services, or changes to this privacy policy.", "Donn Ditzhazy, Executive Creative Director", "RMD Advertising 614.794.2008 | cell 614.595.6086 www.RMDadvertising.com" ] }, { "url": "https://watch.foodnetwork.com/full-episodes", "title": "Food Network Full Episodes Watch Now for FREE", "content": [ "Chopped Free Season", "Cook Like a Pro with Ina", "Ultimate Protein Battle", "Five masters of protein face off in Flavortown.", "The chefs must stay focused as they take on three chicken-themed rounds", "Ice Shard Cake", "Dan makes a wintry masterpiece that will warm your heart.", "Monkey See, Monkey Bake", "The bakers have to turn packaged biscuit dough into monkey bread volcanoes.", "Apolo Ohno Says Oh Yes to Cake", "Apolo Ohno challenges bakers to make an anniversary-birthday cake.", "Aloha, Recruits!", "The recruits take on a variety of tropical island-inspired challenges.", "Taste of Capri Party", "Giada hosts a lunch party that celebrates the island of Capri, Italy.", "The Kitchen reduces weeknight stress with a Big Batch Pork Butt and more.", "Ree makes Maple Bacon Dip and Strawberry Rose Bellinis for an office party.", "Whole Lotta Comfort", "Guy Fieri dives into hearty helpings of comfort food from Atlanta to Utah.", "A pastry chef and a chef-of-all-trades compete for a shot at Bobby.", "Cookin Couples", "Guy welcomes three couples to Flavortown to prove their culinary knowledge.", "Wonton Wonder", "Chefs get creative with wonton wrappers, comfort food and a strange pastry.", "Actor and producer Michael B. Jordan discusses his sky-rocketing career.", "Oprah Winfrey Presents on Food Network", "Actor Bradley Cooper discusses how he has emerged as a visionary filmmaker.", "Freaky Flavors", "The young bakers have to create a large tart featuring an unusual flavor.", "Unlocked Episodes", "It s a Busby Birthday!", "The bakers compete to make a 4th birthday cake for the Busby quintuplets.", "Dr. Deckle and Mr. Fried", "Three of the four chefs make a huge mistake with the jumbo shrimp.", "The Perfect Bird", "Fifteen more of America s worst cooks begin their culinary journey.", "All Stocked Up", "Ree dips into her trusty staples to whip up some fabulous food.", "The 12 young bakers must make cupcakes featuring bacon.", "Sour With the Sweet", "Sunny Anderson and Josh Capon serve up a winner in hopes of beating Bobby.", "Say Yes to the Veg", "Valerie tries out new ways to sneak veggies into kid-friendly dishes.", "The Kitchen is snowed in with Sweet Potato and Corn Chowder and more.", "Chefs Ham It Up", "The chefs begin by making a barbecue blowout that won t blow their budget." ] }, { "url": "https://www.nbc.com/saturday-night-live/video/chopped/3954432", "title": "Watch Saturday Night Live Highlight Chopped NBC com", "content": [ "Chopped judges (Emma Thompson, Aidy Bryant, Alex Moffat) review the dishes two finalists (Melissa Villase\u00f1or, Leslie Jones) have made.", "Tags: snl, saturday night live, snl season 44, snl 44, emma thompson, aidy bryant, mikey day, leslie jones, alex moffat, chopped, cooking show, cooking competition, cooking, Melissa Villase\u00f1or" ] } ], "selected_contents": [ [ false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ true, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false ] ] }, "timestamp": 1616077232 }, { "action": "Apprentice => Wizard", "text": "Yes it is. Chefs have a basket with 4 mystery ingredients. They compete to make the best meal from the ingredients. ", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077277 }, { "action": "Wizard => SearchAgent", "text": "Chopped", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077296 }, { "action": "SearchAgent => Wizard", "text": "", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.dictionary.com/browse/chopped", "title": "Chopped Definition of at Dictionary com", "content": [ "[chopt]", "SEE MORE SYNONYMS FOR chopped ON THESAURUS.COM", "diced, minced, or cut into small bits.", "(of an automobile) streamlined; lowered.", "Origin of chopped", "Related formsun\u00b7chopped, adjectivewell-chopped, adjective", "[chop]", "verb (used with object), chopped, chop\u00b7ping.", "to cut or sever with a quick, heavy blow or a series of blows, using an ax, hatchet, etc. (often followed by down, off, etc.): to chop down a tree.", "to make or prepare for use by so cutting: to chop logs.", "to cut in pieces; mince (often followed by up): to chop up an onion; to chop meat.", "(in tennis, cricket, etc.) to hit (a ball) with a chop stroke.", "to weed and thin out (growing cotton) with a hoe.", "Fox Hunting. (of a hound or pack) to attack and kill (a fox that has not begun to run).", "verb (used without object), chopped, chop\u00b7ping.", "to make a quick, heavy stroke or a series of strokes, as with an ax.", "Boxing. to throw or deliver a short blow, especially a downward one while in a clinch.", "(in tennis, cricket, etc.) to employ or deliver a chop stroke.", "to go, come, or move suddenly or violently.", "an act or instance of chopping.", "a cutting blow.", "Boxing. a short blow, especially a downward one, executed while in a clinch.", "a piece chopped off.", "an individual cut or portion of meat, as mutton, lamb, veal, or pork, usually one containing a rib.", "crushed or ground grain used as animal feed.", "a short, irregular, broken motion of waves; choppiness: There s too much chop for rowing today.", "rough, turbulent water, as of a sea or lake.", "(in tennis, cricket, etc.) a chop stroke.", "Origin of chop", "1350\u20131400; Middle English choppen; variant of chap1", "1. See cut.", "to turn, shift, or change suddenly: The wind chopped to the west.", "to vacillate; change one s mind.", "to barter.", "to bandy words; argue.", "1425\u201375; variant of obsolete chap barter, Middle English chappen (with vowel as in chapman), chepen, Old English c\u0113apian to trade (derivative of c\u0113ap sale, trade; see cheap)", "Related Words for chopped", "cleave, cube, divide, mince, slash, hack, whack, hew, hash, clip, fragment, mangle, lop, fell, shear, truncate, sever, dice, axe, hackle", "Examples from the Web for chopped", "Contemporary Examples of chopped", "Best-known as a judge on Chopped, chef Amanda Freitag opens her first restaurant\u2014a recast New York icon.", "Chopped? Amanda Freitag Hopes Not", "Plastic cutlery arrived, followed by a container of chopped onion and cilantro.", "A Culinary Tour to Answer the Age-Old Question: Why Is Mexican Food So Good?", "Burnett said Peden took it and chopped it up into a bunch of pieces after the shooting.", "Inside the Georgia Militia Murders", "Out came Marc s army, dozens of models in chopped blond wigs streaked with green.", "Marc Jacobs: Hot & Heavy for Spring 2014 at New York Fashion Week", "I interviewed a man whose hand had been chopped off for stealing.", "Pity Boston, Ignore Nigeria: The Limits of Compassion", "Historical Examples of chopped", "Then add to it the chopped chicken with the other ingredients.", "Put them into the soup, add a handful of chopped parsley, and let them boil.", "Season it with pepper, salt, chopped sweet herbs, and parsley.", "It had got chopped off by some accident when she was a calf.", "It was plainly evident that it had been chopped off quite recently.", "British Dictionary definitions for chopped", "verb chops, chopping or chopped", "(often foll by down or off) to cut (something) with a blow from an axe or other sharp tool", "(tr) to produce or make in this mannerto chop firewood", "(tr often foll by up) to cut into pieces", "(tr) British informal to dispense with or reduce", "(intr) to move quickly or violently", "sport to hit (a ball) sharply downwards", "boxing martial arts to punch or strike (an opponent) with a short sharp blow", "Western African an informal word for eat", "a cutting blow", "the act or an instance of chopping", "a piece chopped off", "a slice of mutton, lamb, or pork, generally including a rib", "Australian and NZ slang a share (esp in the phrase get or hop in for one s chop)", "Western African an informal word for food", "Australian and NZ a competition of skill and speed in chopping logs", "sport a sharp downward blow or stroke", "not much chop Australian and NZ informal not much good; poor", "the chop slang dismissal from employment", "Word Origin for chop", "C16: variant of chap 1", "(intr) to change direction suddenly; vacillate (esp in the phrase chop and change)", "obsolete to barter", "chop logic to use excessively subtle or involved logic or argument", "Old English ceapian to barter; see cheap, chapman", "a design stamped on goods as a trademark, esp in the Far East", "C17: from Hindi chh\u0101p", "Word Origin and History for chopped", "to cut with a quick blow, mid-14c., of uncertain origin, perhaps from Old North French choper (Old French coper to cut, cut off, 12c., Modern French couper), from Vulgar Latin *cuppare to behead, from a root meaning head, but influenced in Old French by couper to strike. Related: Chopped; chopping.", "shift quickly, 1530s, earlier to bargain (early 15c.), ultimately from Old English ceapian to bargain (see cheap); here with a sense of changing back and forth, probably from common expressions such as to chop and change barter. To chop logic is recorded from 1570s. Related: Chopped; chopping.", "act of chopping, mid-14c., from chop (v.1). Meaning piece cut off is mid-15c.; specifically slice of meat from mid-17c. Sense of a blow, strike is from 1550s.", "Nearby words for chopped", "choplogic", "chopper tool" ] }, { "url": "https://chop5.com/", "title": "CHOP5 Salad Kitchen Healthy Flavorful Chop Salads", "content": [ "Fundraising with CHOP5", "CHOP5 Salad Kitchen", "is rocking the world of salads. But we\u2019re not just talking any salad. We\u2019re talking about fresh, made-to-order chopped salads with the taste you crave. Step outside the box of fast-fried-been-there-done-that food and step into the fast-casual dining that\u2019s calling your name. Eat with no regrets!", "Interested in franchise opportunities? Click here to send us a message!", "\u00a9 2017 CHOP5, LLC. \u2022 CHOP5 Salad Kitchen \u2022 2044 Polaris Parkway Columbus, OH 43240", "Click here to join our rewards program!", "This privacy notice discloses the privacy practices for www.CHOP5.com. This privacy notice applies solely to information collected by this website. It will notify you of the following: What personally identifiable information is collected from you through the website, how it is used and with whom it may be shared. What choices are available to you regarding the use of your data. The security procedures in place to protect the misuse of your information. How you can correct any inaccuracies in the information.", "We are the sole owners of the information collected on this site. We only have access to/collect information that you voluntarily give us via email or other direct contact from you. We will not sell or rent this information to anyone. We will use your information to respond to you, regarding the reason you contacted us. We will not share your information with any third party outside of our organization, other than as necessary to fulfill your request, e.g. to deliver an online order through GRUBHUB. Unless you ask us not to, we may contact you via email in the future to tell you about specials, new products or services, or changes to this privacy policy.", "Donn Ditzhazy, Executive Creative Director", "RMD Advertising 614.794.2008 | cell 614.595.6086 www.RMDadvertising.com" ] }, { "url": "https://watch.foodnetwork.com/", "title": "Food Network Official Site", "content": [ "Aloha, Recruits!", "New Episodes Mondays 9|8c", "Watch a New Episode Now", "Can t Wait? Watch the Next Episode Now!", "New Episodes Thursdays 10|9c", "Every. Battle. Ever.", "All the DDD You Could Ever Want", "The recruits take on a variety of tropical island-inspired challenges.", "Taste of Capri Party", "Giada hosts a lunch party that celebrates the island of Capri, Italy.", "The Kitchen reduces weeknight stress with a Big Batch Pork Butt and more.", "Ree makes Maple Bacon Dip and Strawberry Rose Bellinis for an office party.", "Whole Lotta Comfort", "Guy Fieri dives into hearty helpings of comfort food from Atlanta to Utah.", "Ultimate Protein Battle", "Five masters of protein face off in Flavortown.", "A pastry chef and a chef-of-all-trades compete for a shot at Bobby.", "Cookin Couples", "Guy welcomes three couples to Flavortown to prove their culinary knowledge.", "Wonton Wonder", "Chefs get creative with wonton wrappers, comfort food and a strange pastry.", "Actor and producer Michael B. Jordan discusses his sky-rocketing career.", "Oprah Winfrey Presents on Food Network", "Actor Bradley Cooper discusses how he has emerged as a visionary filmmaker.", "Freaky Flavors", "The young bakers have to create a large tart featuring an unusual flavor.", "Michael Symon Needs a Cake", "Michael Symon challenges the bakers to make a cake for his new restaurant.", "See what happens when Dan is challenged to create a meat cake.", "The recruits take on fair food after boot camp gets turned into a carnival.", "Jade s Chocolate Factory", "Giada hosts a sophisticated chocolate-themed Valentine s Day party.", "Stream for Free", "It s a Busby Birthday!", "The bakers compete to make a 4th birthday cake for the Busby quintuplets.", "Dr. Deckle and Mr. Fried", "Three of the four chefs make a huge mistake with the jumbo shrimp.", "The Perfect Bird", "Fifteen more of America s worst cooks begin their culinary journey.", "All Stocked Up", "Ree dips into her trusty staples to whip up some fabulous food.", "The 12 young bakers must make cupcakes featuring bacon.", "Sour With the Sweet", "Sunny Anderson and Josh Capon serve up a winner in hopes of beating Bobby.", "Say Yes to the Veg", "Valerie tries out new ways to sneak veggies into kid-friendly dishes.", "The Kitchen is snowed in with Sweet Potato and Corn Chowder and more.", "Chefs Ham It Up", "The chefs begin by making a barbecue blowout that won t blow their budget.", "Watch Chopped for Free", "Rattle and Roll", "Rattlesnake meat must be included in the chefs first course.", "The chefs find frog legs in the first basket for the appetizer round.", "Jitters and Giant Eggs", "Panic threatens to paralyze one of the competitors who is feeling jittery.", "Mussels Mastery", "The chefs have to come up with tasty mussel appetizers in just 20 minutes.", "Time runs out and two chefs are unhappy with their calf liver appetizers.", "The competitors discover this competition is a grilling challenge.", "Quahog Quandaries", "The two remaining chefs take the intensity level in the kitchen up a notch.", "Turbot Powered", "A super bitter ingredient leaves the chefs in a quandary.", "Keep on Cookin On", "One of the finalists suffers an injury as he attempts a Chopped first.", "Green Apps and Lamb", "Mint liqueur and canned fish make an odd combination for the first course.", "The appetizer basket ingredients get the chefs pondering ballgame fare.", "Some of the most formidable chefs in the country battle to find out whose cuisine reigns supreme. Host Alton Brown determines who will earn the right to face a legendary Iron Chef in the Secret Ingredient Showdown.", "Ina Garten is back and this time she s sharing the basics of her incredibly elegant and easy recipes. She throws open the doors of her Hamptons home for more delicious food, dazzling ideas and good fun.", "The best cupcake bakers in the country are called to fight to see who has the best cupcakes. In this war of frosting and sugar, there is only one winner.", "Tyler Florence brings together five local chefs to compete in a restaurant they ve never cooked in before. Two chefs become judges as the others battle for hometown pride using secret ingredients to build delicious dishes.", "Country star Trisha Yearwood shows off her Southern hospitality as she puts together meals with friends and family. Whether it s for a family reunion or a party for her band-mate, her easy recipes always have a story to tell.", "Pop culture, comedy and plain good eating: Alton Brown explores the origins of ingredients, decodes culinary customs and explores new food trends.", "Five talented food experts gather in the kitchen to share lively conversation and delicious recipes. From simple supper ideas to the latest food trends, they cover all things fun in food!", "Live Now On Food Network", "Pizza for Dessert", "Lemon BFFs", "Food Network Originals", "Vivian has some fun with pasta by making a spaghetti bundt cake.", "Viv s Tips: Pasta Pound Cake" ] }, { "url": "https://www.cookingchanneltv.com/shows/chopped", "title": "Chopped Cooking Channel", "content": [ "CHOPPED is a cooking competition show that s all about skill, speed and ingenuity where four up-and-coming chefs compete before a panel of three expert judges and take everyday items and turn them into an extraordinary three-course-meal. Course by course, the chefs will be CHOPPED from the competition until only one winner remains. The challenge? They have seconds to plan and 30 minutes to cook an amazing course with the basket of mystery ingredients given to them moments before the clock starts ticking! And the pressure doesn t stop there. Once they ve completed their dish, they ve got to survive the Chopping Block where our judges are waiting to be wowed and not shy about voicing their culinary criticisms! Our host, Ted Allen, leads this high energy, high-pressure show which will have viewers rooting for a winner and cheering for the losers. CHOPPED is a game of passion, expertise and skill -- and in the end, only one chef will survive the Chopping Block. Who will make the cut? The answer is on CHOPPED!", "Four former military service members who are pursuing culinary careers compete to see who will be the Chopped Champion. In the first round, a favorite American comfort food must mingle on the plate with a super-sweet drink, and curiously, three of the four competitors pull tortillas from the pantry. A patriotic pasta and an already-cooked savory pie are two of the mandatory ingredients in the entree round. Then, will the finalists be able to adeptly combine cheese and pudding in desserts?", "Ultimate Champions: Pros", "Four distinct groups of champs will return to the Chopped Kitchen: professionals, amateurs, heroes and celebrities, all leading up to a grand finale where one chef will seize the biggest prize in Chopped history: $50,000 and a new car! In this initial battle, four stellar professionals fight to see who will represent the pros in the finale. They have to wrangle and cook eels and figure out what to do with a super salty veggie for their appetizers. Then in the entree round, the champs have to work with a bird and a soda. And a special cheese and a creepy chocolate item appear in the dessert basket.", "Ultimate Champions: Amateur Champs", "Some of the most beloved amateur winners return to the Chopped Kitchen for a shot to compete in the $50,000 finale. In the appetizer round the competitors must use salsa and cheese blintzes in their culinary masterpieces. Then as the entree round gets started, an off-balance tug-of-war over a piece of equipment has everybody laughing, except for the chef who loses the fight. And grapefruit is among the loot the last two champs find in the dessert basket.", "Ultimate Champions: Heroes", "With two spots left in the $50,000 Ultimate Champions Grand Finale, the Chopped Kitchen welcomes back four incredible cooking heroes -- two firefighters, a police officer and an army vet. In the appetizer round, the hero champs must get creative in order to make savory dishes with pineapple and fruit and nut bars. Then in the entree round, the champs find some lovely stalks of spring garlic in the basket, as well as some beautiful lamb chops. And an unpleasantly purple ingredient that the cooks must work into a dessert makes for a challenging last round.", "Ultimate Champions: Celebrities", "Four Chopped Champions from the world of entertainment and sports compete for the last spot in the $50,000 finale. In the appetizer round, the celebrity champs find a peculiar type of flour and sweet tea in the baskets. Then a can of soup in the entree round causes various issues for the competitors. And the judges taste banana paste and cream cheese desserts before deciding on the last finalist.", "Ultimate Champions: Grand Finale!", "In a Chopped first, three not-at-all-average Joes fight it out against one outstanding pro, with $50,000 and a new car on the line! When the competitors get risotto in the first round, they have to decide whether to completely transform it or to greatly enhance its flavor. Then in the entree round, there s a huge surprise in the basket that not all of the champs are excited to see. And with the grand prize looming large, the last two competitors open the basket to find some booze and some baked goods." ] }, { "url": "https://www.foodnetwork.ca/shows/chopped/", "title": "Chopped Episode Guide TV Schedule Food Network Canada", "content": [ "Chopped is a cooking competition show that is all about skill, speed and ingenuity. Each week, four chefs compete before a panel of expert judges and turn baskets of mystery ingredients into an extraordinary three-course meal. Course by course, the chefs will be chopped from the competition until only one winner remains.", "The challenge? They have seconds to plan and 30 minutes to cook an amazing course with the basket of mystery ingredients given to them moments before the clock starts ticking! Once they ve completed their dish, they have to survive the Chopping Block where our three judges are waiting to be wowed and not shy about voicing their culinary criticisms!", "Host Ted Allen leads this high energy, high-pressure show which will have viewers rooting for a winner and cheering for the losers. Chopped is a game of passion, expertise and skill - and in the end, only one chef will survive the Chopping Block. Who will make the cut? The answer is on Chopped!", "Ted, the host of Chopped, was the food and wine specialist on the groundbreaking, Emmy-winning series Queer Eye, which had a 100-episode run." ] } ] }, "timestamp": null }, { "action": "Wizard => Apprentice", "text": "It sounds like quite a challenge! Do you watch every episode? Have you tried to make the dishes yourself?", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.dictionary.com/browse/chopped", "title": "Chopped Definition of at Dictionary com", "content": [ "[chopt]", "SEE MORE SYNONYMS FOR chopped ON THESAURUS.COM", "diced, minced, or cut into small bits.", "(of an automobile) streamlined; lowered.", "Origin of chopped", "Related formsun\u00b7chopped, adjectivewell-chopped, adjective", "[chop]", "verb (used with object), chopped, chop\u00b7ping.", "to cut or sever with a quick, heavy blow or a series of blows, using an ax, hatchet, etc. (often followed by down, off, etc.): to chop down a tree.", "to make or prepare for use by so cutting: to chop logs.", "to cut in pieces; mince (often followed by up): to chop up an onion; to chop meat.", "(in tennis, cricket, etc.) to hit (a ball) with a chop stroke.", "to weed and thin out (growing cotton) with a hoe.", "Fox Hunting. (of a hound or pack) to attack and kill (a fox that has not begun to run).", "verb (used without object), chopped, chop\u00b7ping.", "to make a quick, heavy stroke or a series of strokes, as with an ax.", "Boxing. to throw or deliver a short blow, especially a downward one while in a clinch.", "(in tennis, cricket, etc.) to employ or deliver a chop stroke.", "to go, come, or move suddenly or violently.", "an act or instance of chopping.", "a cutting blow.", "Boxing. a short blow, especially a downward one, executed while in a clinch.", "a piece chopped off.", "an individual cut or portion of meat, as mutton, lamb, veal, or pork, usually one containing a rib.", "crushed or ground grain used as animal feed.", "a short, irregular, broken motion of waves; choppiness: There s too much chop for rowing today.", "rough, turbulent water, as of a sea or lake.", "(in tennis, cricket, etc.) a chop stroke.", "Origin of chop", "1350\u20131400; Middle English choppen; variant of chap1", "1. See cut.", "to turn, shift, or change suddenly: The wind chopped to the west.", "to vacillate; change one s mind.", "to barter.", "to bandy words; argue.", "1425\u201375; variant of obsolete chap barter, Middle English chappen (with vowel as in chapman), chepen, Old English c\u0113apian to trade (derivative of c\u0113ap sale, trade; see cheap)", "Related Words for chopped", "cleave, cube, divide, mince, slash, hack, whack, hew, hash, clip, fragment, mangle, lop, fell, shear, truncate, sever, dice, axe, hackle", "Examples from the Web for chopped", "Contemporary Examples of chopped", "Best-known as a judge on Chopped, chef Amanda Freitag opens her first restaurant\u2014a recast New York icon.", "Chopped? Amanda Freitag Hopes Not", "Plastic cutlery arrived, followed by a container of chopped onion and cilantro.", "A Culinary Tour to Answer the Age-Old Question: Why Is Mexican Food So Good?", "Burnett said Peden took it and chopped it up into a bunch of pieces after the shooting.", "Inside the Georgia Militia Murders", "Out came Marc s army, dozens of models in chopped blond wigs streaked with green.", "Marc Jacobs: Hot & Heavy for Spring 2014 at New York Fashion Week", "I interviewed a man whose hand had been chopped off for stealing.", "Pity Boston, Ignore Nigeria: The Limits of Compassion", "Historical Examples of chopped", "Then add to it the chopped chicken with the other ingredients.", "Put them into the soup, add a handful of chopped parsley, and let them boil.", "Season it with pepper, salt, chopped sweet herbs, and parsley.", "It had got chopped off by some accident when she was a calf.", "It was plainly evident that it had been chopped off quite recently.", "British Dictionary definitions for chopped", "verb chops, chopping or chopped", "(often foll by down or off) to cut (something) with a blow from an axe or other sharp tool", "(tr) to produce or make in this mannerto chop firewood", "(tr often foll by up) to cut into pieces", "(tr) British informal to dispense with or reduce", "(intr) to move quickly or violently", "sport to hit (a ball) sharply downwards", "boxing martial arts to punch or strike (an opponent) with a short sharp blow", "Western African an informal word for eat", "a cutting blow", "the act or an instance of chopping", "a piece chopped off", "a slice of mutton, lamb, or pork, generally including a rib", "Australian and NZ slang a share (esp in the phrase get or hop in for one s chop)", "Western African an informal word for food", "Australian and NZ a competition of skill and speed in chopping logs", "sport a sharp downward blow or stroke", "not much chop Australian and NZ informal not much good; poor", "the chop slang dismissal from employment", "Word Origin for chop", "C16: variant of chap 1", "(intr) to change direction suddenly; vacillate (esp in the phrase chop and change)", "obsolete to barter", "chop logic to use excessively subtle or involved logic or argument", "Old English ceapian to barter; see cheap, chapman", "a design stamped on goods as a trademark, esp in the Far East", "C17: from Hindi chh\u0101p", "Word Origin and History for chopped", "to cut with a quick blow, mid-14c., of uncertain origin, perhaps from Old North French choper (Old French coper to cut, cut off, 12c., Modern French couper), from Vulgar Latin *cuppare to behead, from a root meaning head, but influenced in Old French by couper to strike. Related: Chopped; chopping.", "shift quickly, 1530s, earlier to bargain (early 15c.), ultimately from Old English ceapian to bargain (see cheap); here with a sense of changing back and forth, probably from common expressions such as to chop and change barter. To chop logic is recorded from 1570s. Related: Chopped; chopping.", "act of chopping, mid-14c., from chop (v.1). Meaning piece cut off is mid-15c.; specifically slice of meat from mid-17c. Sense of a blow, strike is from 1550s.", "Nearby words for chopped", "choplogic", "chopper tool" ] }, { "url": "https://chop5.com/", "title": "CHOP5 Salad Kitchen Healthy Flavorful Chop Salads", "content": [ "Fundraising with CHOP5", "CHOP5 Salad Kitchen", "is rocking the world of salads. But we\u2019re not just talking any salad. We\u2019re talking about fresh, made-to-order chopped salads with the taste you crave. Step outside the box of fast-fried-been-there-done-that food and step into the fast-casual dining that\u2019s calling your name. Eat with no regrets!", "Interested in franchise opportunities? Click here to send us a message!", "\u00a9 2017 CHOP5, LLC. \u2022 CHOP5 Salad Kitchen \u2022 2044 Polaris Parkway Columbus, OH 43240", "Click here to join our rewards program!", "This privacy notice discloses the privacy practices for www.CHOP5.com. This privacy notice applies solely to information collected by this website. It will notify you of the following: What personally identifiable information is collected from you through the website, how it is used and with whom it may be shared. What choices are available to you regarding the use of your data. The security procedures in place to protect the misuse of your information. How you can correct any inaccuracies in the information.", "We are the sole owners of the information collected on this site. We only have access to/collect information that you voluntarily give us via email or other direct contact from you. We will not sell or rent this information to anyone. We will use your information to respond to you, regarding the reason you contacted us. We will not share your information with any third party outside of our organization, other than as necessary to fulfill your request, e.g. to deliver an online order through GRUBHUB. Unless you ask us not to, we may contact you via email in the future to tell you about specials, new products or services, or changes to this privacy policy.", "Donn Ditzhazy, Executive Creative Director", "RMD Advertising 614.794.2008 | cell 614.595.6086 www.RMDadvertising.com" ] }, { "url": "https://watch.foodnetwork.com/", "title": "Food Network Official Site", "content": [ "Aloha, Recruits!", "New Episodes Mondays 9|8c", "Watch a New Episode Now", "Can t Wait? Watch the Next Episode Now!", "New Episodes Thursdays 10|9c", "Every. Battle. Ever.", "All the DDD You Could Ever Want", "The recruits take on a variety of tropical island-inspired challenges.", "Taste of Capri Party", "Giada hosts a lunch party that celebrates the island of Capri, Italy.", "The Kitchen reduces weeknight stress with a Big Batch Pork Butt and more.", "Ree makes Maple Bacon Dip and Strawberry Rose Bellinis for an office party.", "Whole Lotta Comfort", "Guy Fieri dives into hearty helpings of comfort food from Atlanta to Utah.", "Ultimate Protein Battle", "Five masters of protein face off in Flavortown.", "A pastry chef and a chef-of-all-trades compete for a shot at Bobby.", "Cookin Couples", "Guy welcomes three couples to Flavortown to prove their culinary knowledge.", "Wonton Wonder", "Chefs get creative with wonton wrappers, comfort food and a strange pastry.", "Actor and producer Michael B. Jordan discusses his sky-rocketing career.", "Oprah Winfrey Presents on Food Network", "Actor Bradley Cooper discusses how he has emerged as a visionary filmmaker.", "Freaky Flavors", "The young bakers have to create a large tart featuring an unusual flavor.", "Michael Symon Needs a Cake", "Michael Symon challenges the bakers to make a cake for his new restaurant.", "See what happens when Dan is challenged to create a meat cake.", "The recruits take on fair food after boot camp gets turned into a carnival.", "Jade s Chocolate Factory", "Giada hosts a sophisticated chocolate-themed Valentine s Day party.", "Stream for Free", "It s a Busby Birthday!", "The bakers compete to make a 4th birthday cake for the Busby quintuplets.", "Dr. Deckle and Mr. Fried", "Three of the four chefs make a huge mistake with the jumbo shrimp.", "The Perfect Bird", "Fifteen more of America s worst cooks begin their culinary journey.", "All Stocked Up", "Ree dips into her trusty staples to whip up some fabulous food.", "The 12 young bakers must make cupcakes featuring bacon.", "Sour With the Sweet", "Sunny Anderson and Josh Capon serve up a winner in hopes of beating Bobby.", "Say Yes to the Veg", "Valerie tries out new ways to sneak veggies into kid-friendly dishes.", "The Kitchen is snowed in with Sweet Potato and Corn Chowder and more.", "Chefs Ham It Up", "The chefs begin by making a barbecue blowout that won t blow their budget.", "Watch Chopped for Free", "Rattle and Roll", "Rattlesnake meat must be included in the chefs first course.", "The chefs find frog legs in the first basket for the appetizer round.", "Jitters and Giant Eggs", "Panic threatens to paralyze one of the competitors who is feeling jittery.", "Mussels Mastery", "The chefs have to come up with tasty mussel appetizers in just 20 minutes.", "Time runs out and two chefs are unhappy with their calf liver appetizers.", "The competitors discover this competition is a grilling challenge.", "Quahog Quandaries", "The two remaining chefs take the intensity level in the kitchen up a notch.", "Turbot Powered", "A super bitter ingredient leaves the chefs in a quandary.", "Keep on Cookin On", "One of the finalists suffers an injury as he attempts a Chopped first.", "Green Apps and Lamb", "Mint liqueur and canned fish make an odd combination for the first course.", "The appetizer basket ingredients get the chefs pondering ballgame fare.", "Some of the most formidable chefs in the country battle to find out whose cuisine reigns supreme. Host Alton Brown determines who will earn the right to face a legendary Iron Chef in the Secret Ingredient Showdown.", "Ina Garten is back and this time she s sharing the basics of her incredibly elegant and easy recipes. She throws open the doors of her Hamptons home for more delicious food, dazzling ideas and good fun.", "The best cupcake bakers in the country are called to fight to see who has the best cupcakes. In this war of frosting and sugar, there is only one winner.", "Tyler Florence brings together five local chefs to compete in a restaurant they ve never cooked in before. Two chefs become judges as the others battle for hometown pride using secret ingredients to build delicious dishes.", "Country star Trisha Yearwood shows off her Southern hospitality as she puts together meals with friends and family. Whether it s for a family reunion or a party for her band-mate, her easy recipes always have a story to tell.", "Pop culture, comedy and plain good eating: Alton Brown explores the origins of ingredients, decodes culinary customs and explores new food trends.", "Five talented food experts gather in the kitchen to share lively conversation and delicious recipes. From simple supper ideas to the latest food trends, they cover all things fun in food!", "Live Now On Food Network", "Pizza for Dessert", "Lemon BFFs", "Food Network Originals", "Vivian has some fun with pasta by making a spaghetti bundt cake.", "Viv s Tips: Pasta Pound Cake" ] }, { "url": "https://www.cookingchanneltv.com/shows/chopped", "title": "Chopped Cooking Channel", "content": [ "CHOPPED is a cooking competition show that s all about skill, speed and ingenuity where four up-and-coming chefs compete before a panel of three expert judges and take everyday items and turn them into an extraordinary three-course-meal. Course by course, the chefs will be CHOPPED from the competition until only one winner remains. The challenge? They have seconds to plan and 30 minutes to cook an amazing course with the basket of mystery ingredients given to them moments before the clock starts ticking! And the pressure doesn t stop there. Once they ve completed their dish, they ve got to survive the Chopping Block where our judges are waiting to be wowed and not shy about voicing their culinary criticisms! Our host, Ted Allen, leads this high energy, high-pressure show which will have viewers rooting for a winner and cheering for the losers. CHOPPED is a game of passion, expertise and skill -- and in the end, only one chef will survive the Chopping Block. Who will make the cut? The answer is on CHOPPED!", "Four former military service members who are pursuing culinary careers compete to see who will be the Chopped Champion. In the first round, a favorite American comfort food must mingle on the plate with a super-sweet drink, and curiously, three of the four competitors pull tortillas from the pantry. A patriotic pasta and an already-cooked savory pie are two of the mandatory ingredients in the entree round. Then, will the finalists be able to adeptly combine cheese and pudding in desserts?", "Ultimate Champions: Pros", "Four distinct groups of champs will return to the Chopped Kitchen: professionals, amateurs, heroes and celebrities, all leading up to a grand finale where one chef will seize the biggest prize in Chopped history: $50,000 and a new car! In this initial battle, four stellar professionals fight to see who will represent the pros in the finale. They have to wrangle and cook eels and figure out what to do with a super salty veggie for their appetizers. Then in the entree round, the champs have to work with a bird and a soda. And a special cheese and a creepy chocolate item appear in the dessert basket.", "Ultimate Champions: Amateur Champs", "Some of the most beloved amateur winners return to the Chopped Kitchen for a shot to compete in the $50,000 finale. In the appetizer round the competitors must use salsa and cheese blintzes in their culinary masterpieces. Then as the entree round gets started, an off-balance tug-of-war over a piece of equipment has everybody laughing, except for the chef who loses the fight. And grapefruit is among the loot the last two champs find in the dessert basket.", "Ultimate Champions: Heroes", "With two spots left in the $50,000 Ultimate Champions Grand Finale, the Chopped Kitchen welcomes back four incredible cooking heroes -- two firefighters, a police officer and an army vet. In the appetizer round, the hero champs must get creative in order to make savory dishes with pineapple and fruit and nut bars. Then in the entree round, the champs find some lovely stalks of spring garlic in the basket, as well as some beautiful lamb chops. And an unpleasantly purple ingredient that the cooks must work into a dessert makes for a challenging last round.", "Ultimate Champions: Celebrities", "Four Chopped Champions from the world of entertainment and sports compete for the last spot in the $50,000 finale. In the appetizer round, the celebrity champs find a peculiar type of flour and sweet tea in the baskets. Then a can of soup in the entree round causes various issues for the competitors. And the judges taste banana paste and cream cheese desserts before deciding on the last finalist.", "Ultimate Champions: Grand Finale!", "In a Chopped first, three not-at-all-average Joes fight it out against one outstanding pro, with $50,000 and a new car on the line! When the competitors get risotto in the first round, they have to decide whether to completely transform it or to greatly enhance its flavor. Then in the entree round, there s a huge surprise in the basket that not all of the champs are excited to see. And with the grand prize looming large, the last two competitors open the basket to find some booze and some baked goods." ] }, { "url": "https://www.foodnetwork.ca/shows/chopped/", "title": "Chopped Episode Guide TV Schedule Food Network Canada", "content": [ "Chopped is a cooking competition show that is all about skill, speed and ingenuity. Each week, four chefs compete before a panel of expert judges and turn baskets of mystery ingredients into an extraordinary three-course meal. Course by course, the chefs will be chopped from the competition until only one winner remains.", "The challenge? They have seconds to plan and 30 minutes to cook an amazing course with the basket of mystery ingredients given to them moments before the clock starts ticking! Once they ve completed their dish, they have to survive the Chopping Block where our three judges are waiting to be wowed and not shy about voicing their culinary criticisms!", "Host Ted Allen leads this high energy, high-pressure show which will have viewers rooting for a winner and cheering for the losers. Chopped is a game of passion, expertise and skill - and in the end, only one chef will survive the Chopping Block. Who will make the cut? The answer is on Chopped!", "Ted, the host of Chopped, was the food and wine specialist on the groundbreaking, Emmy-winning series Queer Eye, which had a 100-episode run." ] } ], "selected_contents": [ [ false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false ] ] }, "timestamp": 1616077332 }, { "action": "Apprentice => Wizard", "text": "Yes, I agree. Some of the ingredients I've never heard of. I try to watch as many as I can, but not all. I only imagine what I would make. I have never tried by myself. ", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077402 }, { "action": "Wizard => SearchAgent", "text": "types of cuisine", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077455 }, { "action": "SearchAgent => Wizard", "text": "", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.herinterest.com/types-of-cuisine/", "title": "Top 20 Favorite Types of Cuisine herinterest com", "content": [ "Home > Food > Top 20 Favorite Types of Cuisine", "Top 20 Favorite Types of Cuisine", "In most cultures, food is a way for people to gather. It brings family and friends together for banquets, potlucks and holidays. Over recent years, different cuisines have taken on a new popularity. Most cities now have cuisines spanning all corners of the globe. For new cooking ideas or restaurant options, check out some of these global cuisines.", "Mexican food is a common favorite cuisine in America. From chili con carne to enchiladas, spicy Mexican dishes are a popular choice. Western restaurants typically use Northern Mexican cuisine, but there are a number of other options. Ancient Mayan dishes have a subtler flavor while Central and Southern Mexico have a sophisticated taste. Restaurant goers can enjoy eggs, vegetables, beans, chilies and cumin in major Mexican dishes. Chocolate, tomatoes and salsa are always favorites as well.", "With a culinary history that stretches back centuries, Italian cuisine is one of the world\u2019s favorites. Spumoni ice cream, spaghetti, lasagna and pizza are traditional dishes that are widely available in the United States. Beyond these basic dishes, there are a number of regional favorites like Parmesan cheese and Parma ham. One part of Italy is even known for making a kind of maggot cheese. The cheese is fermented and allowed to sit out so that flies lay eggs. Afterward, it is packed at the perfect time for maggots to develop. It might not suit everyone\u2019s taste buds, but it is a specialty from the country. If this cheese is not to your liking, the country has more than 400 types of cheese.", "Although Italian cuisine varies from region to region, each meal will generally be set up in a similar way. It will begin with the antipasto or appetizer menu. Next, diners enjoy the primo course which consists of pasta or rice. The second course is a meat. To top it off, the last course is the dolce or dessert course.", "India is one of the most densely populated countries on the planet. With so many people within the nation, Indian cuisine is highly varied. Curries are the traditional fare, but Indian food is not confined for just curry. There are a number of regions that make vegetarian dishes, and ayurvedic medicinal traditions are often used in creating food. Within India, visitors will find a range of sweet, hot and spicy dishes. Even better, the nation is home to millions of street food stands. At these stands, visitors can try out unique treats for a very cheap price.", "Long ago, the French Acadian people had to flee Canada. Although some of the Acadians went back to France, others chose to move to Louisiana. Once there, they combined French cooking style with local ingredients. This type of cuisine is normally formatted within three dishes. The first pot will contain the main dish while another pot contains vegetables. A third pot will generally contain a mixture of steamed rice and seafood. Popular meat choices include pork sausage, shrimp and fish. Due to the area, Cajun cuisine focuses heavily on celery, bell peppers, garlic and onions. Other flavorings include cayenne pepper, bay leaf, black pepper and green onions.", "During slavery, African-American slaves were only given the leftover, unwanted food. Often, slave owners would try to feed them as little as possible as a way of saving money. This early origin caused soul food to develop. Slaves at the times used collards, mustard greens, turnip tops, dandelions and beets to make up their diet. They often were given the unwanted parts of the meat like offal, oxtail, pigs ears, lard and tripe. With these unwanted, inexpensive pieces, the slaves of the time managed to create a unique, delicious cuisine. Today, soul food includes dishes like chitlins, fried chicken, hog maw, pigs feet, fried okra, collard greens, corn bread, grits and hush puppies. After a delicious meal of soul food, you may not be hungry enough to eat dessert. If you are, you can look forward to cobbler, pecan pie or sweet potato pie.", "Over the last decade, Thai food has grown in popularity. Hands down, the most popular dish is pad thai. To truly experience Thai cuisine, you should step away from the basic pad thai and try some of the broths and noodle dishes that make this cuisine so delectable. This cuisine focuses on a lot of herbs and offers a range of sweet, sour, spicy and bitter tastes. It focuses on fresh herbs, so this cuisine always has a vivid flavor.", "Like Italian cuisine, Greek food dates back thousands of years. Many common Greek dishes have unknown origins because they have been around so long. This cuisine has a unique mix of different Mediterranean styles. Back in the day, the Greeks were well-positioned to become a major port for sea trading. Every time sailors returned from traveling, they brought back different dishes and dining styles. In Greece, visitors can expect fresh herbs, olive oil and feta. Due to its location near the sea, fish is a popular dining option. Pork and lamb are common meat choices because many of the islands are too small to host cattle.", "If characterizing Indian food was hard, Chinese food is impossible to pin down. China has one of the most diverse mixes of cultures and cuisines in the world. The main eight styles of cooking are: Fujian, Cantonese, Anhui, Zhejiang, Szechuan, Shandong and Hunan. In Chinese traditional medicine and culture, the opposites of yin and yang must always be kept in balance. This same balance extends to food. When cooking, the Chinese try to balance different colors, tastes, textures and smells. This focus has paid off and made Chinese cuisine one of the world\u2019s finest.", "In a traditional Chinese meal, you can expect to have noodles or rice. Although many American-based Chinese restaurants use fried rice, most China-based Chinese restaurants serve basic steamed rice. With a strong Buddhist history, vegetarian dishes like tofu remain popular. Interestingly, garlic and chilies are considered non-vegetarian in Buddhism because they stimulate the chi. If you go to a Chinese vegetarian restaurant, don\u2019t expect a lot of spices. For non-vegetarian dishes, you can expect Peking duck, thousand year old eggs, squid and a range of meat dishes. Vegetables are always included with dinner, and they are far from your mother\u2019s broccoli. Chinese vegetable dishes are often the most delicious part of the meal.", "Due to its location, Lebanon has adopted Arabic and Mediterranean influences. Lebanese food uses a lot of fresh fruit, vegetables and seafood. Other than fish, it does not contain a big focus on meat. When dining at a Lebanese restaurant, you can expect delicious pickles, unique salads, Arabic bread, vegetable dishes and vegetable dips.", "The Hibachi or Teppanyaki grill are some of the most delectable of Japanese dining options. At a Hibachi grill, you can watch a cook flip, fry, griddle and cut the food in front of you. This cuisine focuses on noodles, tofu, sushi and vegetables. Each meal is meticulously prepared and exceptionally delicious. Even better, Japanese restaurants often serve oolong or green tea.", "American food is an extremely popular dining option. With so many cultures moving in and out of the country, American food encompasses a range of different dining styles. In Chicago, the deep dish pizza has become famous. Texas has five-alarm chili while the Pacific Northwest is home to microbreweries and coffee. At most traditional American diners, you can expect hot dogs, hamburgers, buffalo wings, biscuits & gravy and omelets.", "Expect Moroccan cuisine to become the next major hit over the coming decade. With such a rich history and unique dishes, this cuisine is one of the world\u2019s finest. It uses Mediterranean fruits and vegetables to make spicy, flavor-filled meals. Lamb is a popular meat dish, and has a subtler flavor that Western lamb dishes. Due to its location near the sea, fish and shellfish play a strong role in Moroccan cuisine. Beef and chicken are commonly eaten. A local favorite is known as a Tagine and contains chicken, fries and olives. Many of these dishes are flavored with dried fruit, lemon pick and olive oil. At lunch time, Moroccans eat a hot or cold salad and bread. Famously, this cuisine includes couscous. Bread is a major dish and is known as Khobz. It varies from town to town, but often looks like a type of baguette. Other specialties include salted meat and Moroccan pancakes.", "There is some debate if there is actually a Mediterranean cuisine. This term mostly developed in the 1970s when there was a Mediterranean diet. In general, it consists of fresh fruits, vegetables, seafood and olive oil. Depending on who you ask, it could include different Greek, Italian, Arabic, European or North African dishes.", "Say Oui, Oui to French cuisine! Five-star chefs are often trained in French cooking. It uses cheese, chocolate and baguettes for delicious meals. Of course, a French meal would never be complete without some wine! Despite their focus on cheese, bread and chocolates, the French amazingly remain thin. Perhaps eating more of this cuisine could be a weight loss plan?", "Spanish cuisine is exceptional because it limits spices. Instead of hiding the flavor of a dish with cumin, chilies or pepper, it only uses enough spice to bring out the natural flavor of the food. Due to its location along the coast, Spanish food has a strong focus on seafood. Famously, cafes and restaurants in Spain offer tapas or pinches. These snack-sized dishes can be made of basically anything and only cost a couple of euros. Before siesta, Spaniards can stop in a local cafe and get a glass of wine and a tapa for merely a couple of euros.", "From sauerkraut to bratwurst, German is known for its flavorful dishes. Restaurant goers can expect spatzl (potatoes), rich varieties of bread, cheese and sausages. Even better, this country is known for its many delicious beers. Surrounded by the world famous cuisines of Italy, Spain and France, Germany has not gotten the attention it deserves from foodies.", "Many people try kimchi and give up on Korean food for good, but this cuisine is more than just kimchi. If you have not had this dish before, kimchi is a fermented cabbage dish that is mixed with vinegar and spice. Other than this common dish, Korean food contains rice, meat, veggies and seafood. It has a unique flavor that you tend to love or hate.", "Vietnamese food has not received nearly the attention it deserves. Due to the French colonization of the area, Vietnamese food contains traditional dishes and French cuisine. Visitors can enjoy vegetables, Vietnamese mint, shrimp paste, lime, basil leaves, soy sauce, fish sauce, fruits and vegetables in their meals. These meals are made to balance the five elements and tastes within the dish, so there is a mixture of sweet, spicy, bitter, sour and salty. Common dishes may include balut, duck meat or ginger.", "Coffee and chocolate are just a fraction of what Turkey has to offer. This cuisine has a delicious vegetable stew, eggplant dishes and seafood-based meals. Stuffed dolmas are always delectable and the yogurt is scrumptious. Foodies enjoy eating dumplings, kebabs and baklava. Olive oil is used in abundance and fresh vegetables are a must-have for Turkish dishes. My personal favorite is the kebab. If you can find a street vendor, you can watch as they peel away meat from the spit. You can eat it on a stick, or some street vendors will put the meat in a pita sandwich-like form.", "Caribbean food is a mixture of African cuisine and local delicacies. This food contains an impressive array of peppers and tropical fruits. From fried plantains to salt fish, Caribbean food is a welcome change from European and Mediterranean dishes. This cuisine puts a strong focus on using foods like leafy green veggies, goat meat, sweet potatoes, rice, peas and coconut. If you have never had Caribbean food, start out with a jerk chicken, goat curry and a mango salsa\u2014you won\u2019t regret it.", "Gloria Bistro", "And European Food, too \ud83d\ude42", "Thank you for sharing your thoughts and feelings. Please share more of your supportive comments in the future. Have a great day, Gloria!", "James Regan Luhr", "I remember when I worked those", "2 jobs for 4 summers in Alaska", "The kids were immature puked everywhere. Over railings balconys.", "The chef at Aramark in Denali", "Was paid to make me work in", "My own room in a separate building.", "I used my time to think. Thanks.", "Thank you for sharing your experiences and insights. It is always beneficial when members of our community share their thoughts and feelings. Please share more of your supportive comments in the future. Have a great day, James!", "I wish you guys put Armenian, it\u2019s delicious", "Thank you for sharing your positive comment. Please share more of your thoughts and feelings in the future. Have a great day, Emily!", "somalion food", "Thank you for sharing your thoughts and feelings. Have a great day, O!", "Marcie Roy", "You forgot Ukranian Polish and Hungarian food. They are awesome perogies, cabbage rolls borscht Goulash langos and so many more tasty foods.", "Thank you for sharing your experiences and insights. Please feel free to share more of your thoughts and feelings in the future. Have a great day, Marcie!", "allan wasilwa", "These food is delicious and yummy", "Thank you for sharing your positive comment. If you have any recipes that you would like to share, then please do. Have a great day, Allan!", "Italian, American and Mexican are the best", "Thank you for sharing the types of cuisine that you most appreciate. Have a great day, Mike!", "My personal bests are Indian & Mexican, even Italian sometimes too. I love chicken tikka \ud83d\ude09", "I love all of those types of cuisine. \ud83d\ude42 Thanks for commenting, Sylvester!", "I love the chicken", "Never tried Greek cuisine :(. Italian is my absolute favourite, but all the Asian styles are to die for! American cuisine? Not my cup of tea, not fond of fast food and super caloric drinks. Great list!", "Thank you for sharing your food likes and dislikes. It is certain that your dietary preferences are similar to others. Perhaps you and other readers can share cuisine ideas! Let us know what your favorite Italian dishes are. Thank you, Cristina!", "pawan Gore", "I love Chinese cuisine", "It seems like you may have commented twice on this one. I have to answer and approve each comment individually, so it can sometimes take a little while for all of the responses and comments to appear. If you do not see your comment right away, don\u2019t worry because you will. Read through my initial response and let me know if you have any other questions. Thanks for commenting!", "I love Chinese cusin", "Me too! Thanks for commenting!" ] }, { "url": "https://leafyplace.com/types-of-cuisine/", "title": "Types of Cuisine From Around the World With Their Popular", "content": [ "Types of Cuisine From Around the World With Their Popular Foods", "Most countries and regions in the world have their own particular cuisine. Different types of cuisines involve certain cooking practices, local ingredients, and a combination of spices. Some food cultures are a fusion of foods from different countries. From these, delicious foods have developed that provide unique culinary experiences.", "There are hundreds of different cuisines in the world. Famous cuisines in the world include French, Thai, Italian, Indian, and Chinese. In large cities, it is also not uncommon to find restaurants serving dishes from Moroccan, Lebanese, Vietnamese, and Hungarian cuisines.", "Even in countries that have their own particular kind of cuisine, it is not uncommon to have regional variations. For example, some types of food may be prepared in different ways or include a different variety of ingredients.", "In this article, you will learn about some of the top cuisines in the world. You will also find out where some famous dishes originated from.", "The French Provencal cuisine uses a lot of herbs", "Many regard French cuisine as one of the best cuisines in the world. French food involves ingredients such as butter, cream, wine, herbs, chocolate, and vegetables. French pastry dishes, cheese, bread, and wine are famous throughout the world.", "Food culture in France also revolves around locally sourced ingredients. On the Mediterranean coast, seafood is very popular. Provencal cuisine uses tarragon and a host of other herbs and spices. Paris itself has over 9,000 restaurants serving French classics and dishes from around the world.", "Dumplings and dim sum are a common food in the Chinese cuisine", "Chinese cuisine is one of the most diverse food cultures in the world. Traditionally, Chinese food is served with noodles or rice. Also, Chinese dumplings form a large part of the staple diet in many regions of China. There are several main cuisines in Chinese cookery \u2013 Cantonese, Sichuan, Fujian, and Hunan cuisines are the most well-known.", "Most Chinese dishes contain a mixture of vegetables that are stir-fried and combined with aromatic spices and herbs. For example, ginger is often fried along with garlic and onions to create flavorsome dishes. Also, soy sauce, rice vinegar, and fish sauce are commonly used to create a blend of wonderful flavors.", "Chinese cuisine could be regarded as the one of the most important in the world. Chinese cooking styles have influenced other foods from Korea, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. Chinese dishes are so popular that most cities in the world have a number of Chinese restaurants. Sweet and sour chicken and chop suey are the most popular Chinese dishes outside of China.", "Sushi is a very popular food in Japanese restaurants", "Japanese dishes have become one of the most important food genres in the world. Boiled rice usually accompanies most dishes with grilled fish, pickled vegetables, or deep-fried vegetables. Tofu also plays an important part in traditional Japanese cuisine.", "Of course, sushi is one of the most well-known type of Japanese food. Great care and precision goes into creating delicious rice rolls with raw fish, vegetables, and nori. These are accompanied with pickled ginger and dipping sauces. Japanese food culture is so influential that many countries around the world developed their own type of sushi varieties.", "Going into a Japanese restaurant, you often see the chef working in an open kitchen at a Teppanyaki grill.", "After your delicious Japanese meal, you can finish off with a cup of refreshing type of tea such as: green tea, oolong tea, or jasmine tea.", "Pasta dishes are one of the most famous foods in Italian cuisine", "Many people regard Italy as the country with the best food in the world. Pasta dishes in Italian cuisine are one of the most popular and favorite types of food in the world. There are very few people in the world who haven\u2019t tried delicious Italian foods like pizza, spaghetti, or delicious Italian ice cream. Many classic Italian dishes also include the regional name in their title. For example, spaghetti Bolognese from Bologna and Parma ham or Parmesan cheese from Parma.", "The mainstays of the popular Italian cuisine are pasta, rice, tomatoes, and cheese. Many regional variations include types of meat, seafood, or sausages along with delicious sauces. These can be flavored with herbs such as oregano, basil, or a combination of other fresh herbs.", "There is also great variation in food cultures between the various regions of Italy. Abruzzo cuisine from the mountainous and coastal regions has pasta, seafood, lamb, and wild mushrooms. Neapolitan cuisine is famous for foods like pizzas, spaghetti, and mozzarella. Famous Italian dishes such as lasagna, tortellini, and Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese are from areas around Bologna and Modena.", "Greek salad is a favorite food for Greek cuisine lovers", "Greek food culture is one of the oldest in the world. Cuisine from Greece and the Greek islands is heavily influenced by olive oil, vegetables, fish, and various types of meat. In fact, a simple Greek salad may just be fresh cucumbers, tomatoes, red onions, a dash of olive oil, a few tasty olives, and a thick slice of feta cheese.", "Some popular Greek dishes include moussaka made from eggplant, tzatziki (a type of yogurt dip), or gyro \u2013 a type of kebab with lamb, pork, or chicken meat. Due to its long coastline, seafood such as squid, mussels, fish, and lobster are popular food choices.", "After feasting on Greek delicacies, you may have room for some common Greek desserts. A delicious filo pastry with layers of nuts and honey called baklava is one of the most favorite Greek sweet foods.", "Seafood paella is a popular dish served in many Spanish restaurants", "Similar to many countries around the Mediterranean Sea, Spanish cuisine is heavily influenced by seafood. A combination of mussels, cuttlefish, shrimps, and lobster together with paprika, saffron and rich broth create the classic seafood paella.", "Spanish food culture isn\u2019t limited just to seafood. This popular cuisine also includes foods like cured meats such as Serrano or Iberico ham. Chorizo sausage, mushrooms, and cooked meat are used in Spanish appetizers \u2013 tapas.", "Different regions of Spain also have culinary variations. For example, La Rioja is famous for its red wine, cured pork, and lamb dishes. Seafood, thyme soup, and bean omelets are popular in Catalan cuisine. Andalusia is famous for hot soups, fish stews, and cold soups such as gazpacho.", "Olive oil is a staple ingredient in the Mediterranean cuisine", "It can be difficult to define what exactly Mediterranean cuisine is as there is great variety of dishes in it. The key ingredients of Mediterranean cuisine are basic foods such as olive oil, fresh vegetables, wheat (such as bread and pasta), and grape (such as wine).", "Mediterranean food styles include culinary delicacies from countries such as Morocco, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Greece, Turkey, and the Middle East.", "Mediterranean food culture is also the basis of the Mediterranean diet. This kind of diet contains olive oil, fresh vegetables and fruits, seafood, and nuts.", "Hummus dip with pita bread is a common type of food served in many Lebanese restaurants", "Lebanese food culture comprises cuisines from other Mediterranean countries. Poultry, seafood, lamb, or goat meat are prepared with olive oil, garlic, and other spices. These are usually consumed with pitta bread and fresh or grilled vegetables.", "Chickpeas also form a staple part of Lebanese cuisine. These are cooked and blended with olive oil, tahini, and lemon juice to create a delicious nutty hummus dip.", "As well as classic Mediterranean desserts such as baklava or halva, fresh or dried types of dates are also widely used in Lebanese sweet dishes.", "A vegetable couscous is served in Moroccan tagine", "Moroccan dishes are a great example of when different cuisines fuse to form a new type of food genre. Moroccan cuisine uses a goat, lamb, poultry, beef, and seafood as its basis. These meats are spiced and cooked along with lemons, dried fruits, and olive oil.", "One of the most famous foods in the popular Moroccan cuisine is couscous. This common wheat-based food is combined with various spices, herbs, and vegetables to create a versatile and delicious side dish. Another favorite Moroccan classic dish is a tagine. This is an earthenware dish used to cook meat along with vegetables or dried fruits.", "As with many dishes in North Africa, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean, Moroccan cuisine uses flatbread as a meal accompaniment.", "Lamb kebab is a popular type of dish in the Turkish cuisine", "Turkish food is another example of a fusion of various food cultures from Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. Eggplant, stuffed dolmas, lamb kebabs, and delicious vegetable stews are just some of the culinary delights you can experience with Turkish food. Nuts such as hazelnuts, walnuts, and chestnuts are common food ingredients in savory and sweet dishes.", "One important part of Turkish cuisine is yogurt. In fact, the name \u2018yogurt\u2019 is a Turkish word. Yogurt and types of spiced yogurt are an accompaniment to many vegetable and meat dishes in Turkey. Cheese made from sheep\u2019s milk is another important dairy product in Turkish cuisine.", "Popular beverages in Turkey include strong Turkish coffee, hot black tea, and Ayran \u2013 a type of yogurt drink.", "Pad Thai is a famous and delicious dish to try when visiting Thailand", "Thai cuisine is all about strong spicy flavors that incorporate sweet, sour, and hot elements. Some of the world\u2019s most popular dishes are from Thailand. Pad Thai, green curry, and tom yum goong are just some examples of the best dishes from Thailand.", "Thai food is traditionally served with rice or noodles. Even spicy Thai soups or broths usually contain basic rice noodles.", "One of the unique features of Thai cuisine is its wide use of spices, herbs, and sauces. For example, fresh basil, lemongrass, kaffir lime, chilies, and coconut milk are some of the ingredients in Thai green curry. Also, cloves, ginger, cilantro, mint, and turmeric are common ingredients.", "Trying many of the different dishes in Thailand is usually a culinary experience that few people forget.", "Samosas may take different fillings and forms, depending on the region in India", "When it comes to spicy, aromatic dishes, Indian cuisine usually tops the list. The amazing range of spices, chilies, and herbs combine to make some of the spiciest foods you can eat.", "In India, the range of different cuisines is also impressive. Each region in India has its own ethnic foods and dishes. These can include vegetable pastry morsels such as samosas, vegetarian curries, beans with fermented fish, and vegetable pakoras.", "Street food is also part of the food culture in India. Tandoori chicken served with basic naan bread, spicy Indian snacks, and sweet dishes such as Gulab jamun are all popular.", "Indian cuisine has also been exported to many countries throughout the world. In countries like the United Kingdom, the US, Australia, and Singapore, Indian cuisine has been adapted to local culture.", "Crawfish dishes are very common in many restaurants in Louisiana", "Cajun food is an important part of American cuisine and is another example of \u2018fusion cuisine.\u2019 French cuisine combined with local ingredients in Louisiana has created many of the scrumptious dishes in Cajun cooking.", "Most Cajun dishes are prepared in pots. Seafood, crawfish, shrimps, vegetables, and steamed rice are the most common ingredients. Celery, bell peppers, citrus fruits, and okra are some of the fruits and vegetables common in Cajun food.", "Cajun cuisine is closely related to Creole cuisine. Gumbo is probably the signature dish of both cuisines.", "Taco is a traditional Mexican dish made of tortilla folded around a variety of fillings", "Another of the most popular types of cuisines in the world is Mexican food. Tacos, enchiladas, tortillas, nachos, and quesadillas are now common dishes in many countries around the world. Mexican food is also a popular street food as it\u2019s easy to wrap delicious spicy meat, salsas, and vegetables in tortas or tortillas.", "Visiting an authentic Mexican restaurant provides an amazing choice of delicious dishes. Ethnic Mexican food can include grilled goat, meat with eggs, exotic fruits, and hot spicy dishes. Authentic Mexican avocado guacamole is absolutely delicious.", "Traditional Mexican cuisine is much different from the \u2018Tex-Mex\u2019 type of Mexican food that is popular in many countries.", "Jerk is a traditional cooking style in the Caribbean cuisine. In the photo: jerk wings with rice and broccoli", "Traditional Caribbean dishes are a combination of African, European, Cajun, and Middle Eastern cuisines. Fusing cooking styles from these countries along with local ingredients has created a unique food culture.", "Rice is the staple ingredient in most Caribbean dishes. Local ingredients such as coconuts, plantains, beans, tomatoes, and chickpeas are used to create tasty meals. The addition of fiery chilies such as Scotch bonnet peppers gives many Caribbean dishes a powerful kick.", "The most famous food in the Caribbean cuisine is oven-baked Jerk Chicken. This is a spicy dish combining chicken, habanero peppers, ginger, garlic, herbs, and spices.", "Although Caribbean cuisine defines many dishes from the islands, each island has its own food culture.", "Bratwurst is a type of German sausage most commonly made of pork", "German cuisine is famous for its sausages called Wurst in German. There are an estimated over 1,500 different types of German sausage. However, German food isn\u2019t all about bratwurst. There are many flavorful dishes in German cuisine.", "German specialties include German fries, sauerkraut, rye bread, Sp\u00e4tzle (a type of noodle), and dumplings. Popular German desserts include donuts (without a hole), Black Forest cake, and Rote Gr\u00fctze (a delicious berry fruit pudding).", "Of course, Germany is also well-known for its beer such as pilsner and wheat beer.", "Borscht is a soup common in Eastern Europe countries. Made with beetroots, it has a typical red color", "Russia has a wide and varied food culture due to many culinary influences from its different regions. Due to the harsh climate, soups and stews play an important role in Russian cuisine. Thick spicy meat broths, noodle soups, and cabbage soups are very popular. A popular type of Russian soup is borscht that contains beets, cabbage, beef, and eaten with sour cream.", "Grains are another important part of Russian food. For example, buckwheat, barley and millet are all used as accompaniments to main meals. Beef Stroganoff, meatballs, and a type of Shish kebab are popular meat dishes.", "Even though it has become more expensive, caviar still enjoyed by many people in Russia.", "Goulash is enjoyed not only in Hungary but around the world", "Similar to Russian food, Hungarian cuisine is a mixture of soups and stews. Maybe the most famous Hungarian dish is goulash made with meat and spicy paprika. This classic Hungarian meal can be served as a soup or a stew.", "Similar to many countries in Europe, Hungarian cuisine has been influenced by surrounding countries. Therefore, crepes, sweet dumplings, stuffed cabbage rolls, and sausages are all found on traditional Hungarian menus.", "Hot dog is a popular street food across USA", "American cuisine has absorbed the cultures of many who came to the United States in the 1800s. A fusion of cooking styles, cuisines, and ethnic foods combined to create a new type of cuisine. Many chefs took traditional dishes from their home countries and put their own twist on them.", "For example, pizza is traditional Italian food. But \u2018Chicago\u2019 pizza has a thicker and taller crust, whereas \u2018New York Slice\u2019 is thinner. A \u2018New York Strip Steak\u2019 is known in other countries as sirloin or contre-filet steak.", "Hamburgers, hot dogs, \u2018French fries,\u2019 fried chicken, and deep-pan pizzas are new takes on traditional foods from other countries. However, they are all part of the list of foods belonging to American cuisine.", "Types of Food \u2013 Do You Know these Various Food Categories?", "Different Kinds of Vegetables and Their Nutritional Value", "Types of Meat With Their Benefits, Concerns and Nutrition Facts", "Types of Cuisine From Around the World With Their Popular Foods was last modified: December 31st, 2019 by no_name12", "Types of Steak: Different Cuts of Steak With Their Picture and Name", "Types of Edible Mushrooms (Including Wild Edible Mushrooms) - With Pictures", "Types of Tea: Varieties of Tea With Their Flavor, Caffeine Content and More", "The Tastiest and Most Exciting Types of Cheese You Didn t Know About" ] }, { "url": "https://www.ranker.com/crowdranked-list/favorite-types-of-cuisine", "title": "Your Favorite Types of Cuisine Ranker", "content": [ "17 LISTS Food Around the WorldPart of the fun of traveling is stuffing your face with the cuisines and treats of the locals. These lists rank the most delicious, must-try foods wherever you ll be.", "The Best Types of Cuisine Countries with the Best Eats Why Different Cultures Eat Different Foods The Tastiest Foods on Earth Fast Food You ll Want to Try Breakfast Foods Around the World The World s Best Cities for Eating Gross Foods People Actually Eat Delicious Desserts French Fries All Around the World Tasty Sandwiches Weird Ways People Eat Blood What People Eat in Hospitals The Food You ll Get on Airplanes Incredible / Gross Food World Records How Everybody Eats Hot Dogs Food Museums You ve Got to Visit", "Photo: Kevin Casper", "Cuisine Your Favorite Types of Cuisine", "List Rules Distinctive styles of food", "This is a list of the favorite types of cuisine, chosen by Ranker users. Whether it s Italian cuisine (real Italian, we re not just talking pizza here), Chinese or something a bit more exotic, like Moroccan food, people are passionate with their palates. Everyone has a different favorite: What s yours?", "Some of the more popular world cuisines, like Mexican, Thai, and Greek, appear on this list. Some may not get as much exposure, but that sure doesn t mean they aren t tasty! Foodies, this is your chance to step up and be heard: Create your own list of your favorite kinds of cuisine. Obviously not everyone likes the same kinds of foods, but it will be interesting to see what cuisines are the most popular.", "And if you see a specific type of cuisine that you ve never tried, give it a chance: You never know when you might find a new favorite. Be bold, be brave! Your taste buds will thank you later.", "South Korea Food", "Dark Ether added Cajun food", "ShaimingTsou added Vegetarian food", "VickiMoreman added Seafood", "List Rules: Distinctive styles of food", "Filed Under: Foods Food/DrinkPlaces/TravelThe RecipeTravelCookingRecipesCuisinepollPopular Opinion", "The Best Things to Put in a Salad The Most Comforting Comfort Food The Biggest Foods in the World The Most Delicious Foods in the World Low Calorie Fast Food The Best Things About Fall Rice Recipes The Best Horror Movie Remakes The Very Best Snacks to Eat Between Meals, Ranked The Best Frozen French Fries The Best Breakfast Foods Famous Schizophrenics 15 Famous People Who Went to Med School The Most Cravable Chinese Food Dishes The Best Fast Food Salads The Best Tasting Whiskey The Best Pinot Grigio Food Pairings, Ranked The 20 Greatest Misheard Lyrics Music Videos on the Internet The Best Restaurants to Stop at During a Road Trip", "indians pitchers black female models syfy original movies what channel are the celtics on tonight how to have a spontaneous orgasm matthew mcconaughey movies dangerous animals in florida the mask of zorro cast who played othello nyu famous alumni" ] }, { "url": "https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/world-best-food-cultures/index.html", "title": "World cuisine 10 best food cultures CNN Travel", "content": [ "Zoe Li, CNN \u2022 Updated 4th May 2018", "(CNN) \u2014 We love to write about food. We love to celebrate the good stuff and lambaste the bad.", "This is our take on some of the best food cultures and destinations, but of course it s subjective. It s time to find out once and for all, which cuisine is king as you plan where you ll travel next.", "America knows how to dish food that hits the spot.", "This may be because most of the popular foods in the USA originate in some other country. The pizza slice is Italian. Fries are Belgium or Dutch. Hamburgers and frankfurters? Likely German. But in the kitchens of the United States, they have been improved and added to, to become global icons for food lovers everywhere.", "Don t neglect the homegrown American dishes either.", "There s the traditional stuff such as clam chowder, key lime pie and Cobb salad, and most importantly the locavore movement of modern American food started by Alice Waters. This promotion of eco-awareness in food culture is carried on today by Michelle Obama.", "Cheeseburger -- a perfect example of making good things greater.", "Chocolate chip cookie -- the world would be a little less habitable without this Americana classic.", "All overly processed foods such as Twinkies, Hostess cakes and KFC.", "Mmmmexico.", "Courtesy Denis Dervisevic/Creative Commons/Flickr", "If you were only allowed to eat the food of one country the rest of your life, it would be smart to make it Mexico. The cuisine of the Mesoamerican country has a little bit of everything -- you ll never get bored.", "Amongst the enchiladas and the tacos and the helados and the quesadillas you ll find the zestiness of Greek salads and the richness of an Indian curry; the heat of Thai food and the use-your-hands snackiness of tapas. It is also central station for nutritional superfoods. All that avocado, tomato, lime and garlic with beans and chocolates and chilies to boot, is rich with antioxidants and good healthful things. It doesn t taste healthy though. It tastes like a fiesta in your mouth.", "World s 50 best foods", "Mole -- ancient sauce made of chili peppers, spices, chocolate and magic incantations.", "Tacos al pastor -- the spit-roast pork taco, a blend of the pre- and post-Colombian.", "Tamales -- an ancient Mayan food of masa cooked in a leaf wrapping.", "Tostadas -- basically the same as a taco or burrito but served in a crispy fried tortilla which breaks into pieces as soon as you bite into it. Impossible to eat.", "Open for more than eight decades, old school Bangkok cafe On Lok Yun -- located at 72 Charoen Krung Road -- is a local institution. Video by Black Buddha", "Street eats are a Thai attraction. Flip through a Thai cook book and you ll be hard pressed to find an ingredient list that doesn t run a page long. The combination of so many herbs and spices in each dish produces complex flavors that somehow come together like orchestral music. Thais fit spicy, sour, salty, sweet, chewy, crunchy and slippery into one dish.", "With influences from China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Myanmar and a royal culinary tradition, Thai cuisine is the best of many worlds. The best part about eating Thai food in Thailand though is the hospitality. Sun, beach, service with a smile and a plastic bag full of som tam -- that s the good life.", "Tom yam kung -- a rave party for the mouth. The floral notes of lemongrass, the earthy galangal, freshness of kaffir lime leaves and the heat of the chilies.", "Massaman curry -- a Thai curry with Islamic roots. Topped our list of the world s 50 most delicious foods.", "Som tam -- the popular green papaya salad is sour, extra spicy, sweet and salty. It s the best of Thai tastes.", "Pla som -- a fermented fish eaten uncooked is popular in Lawa, Thailand and reported to be responsible for bile duct cancer.", "Souvlaki is paradise on a stick.", "LOUISA GOULIAMAKI/AFP/AFP/Getty Images", "Traveling and eating in Greece feels like a glossy magazine spread come to life, but without the Photoshopping. Like the blue seas and white buildings, the kalamata olives, feta cheese, the colorful salads and roast meats are all postcard perfect by default.", "The secret? Lashings of glistening olive oil. Gift of the gods, olive oil is arguably Greece s greatest export, influencing the way people around the world think about food and nutritional health. Eating in Greece is also a way of consuming history. A bite of dolma or a slurp of lentil soup gives a small taste of life in ancient Greece, when they were invented.", "Olive oil -- drizzled on other food, or soaked up by bread, is almost as varied as wine in its flavors.", "Spanakopita -- makes spinach palatable with its feta cheese mixture and flaky pastry cover.", "Gyros -- late-night drunk eating wouldn t be the same without the pita bread sandwich of roast meat and tzatziki.", "Lachanorizo -- basically cabbage and onion cooked to death then mixed with rice. Filling, but one-dimensional.", "Sweet and spicy chai tea.", "NOAH SEELAM/AFP/AFP/Getty Images", "When a cuisine uses spices in such abundance that the meat and vegetables seem like an afterthought, you know you re dealing with cooks dedicated to flavor. There are no rules for spice usage as long as it results in something delicious. The same spice can add zest to savory and sweet dishes, or can sometimes be eaten on its own -- fennel seed is enjoyed as a breath-freshening digestive aid at the end of meals.", "And any country that manages to make vegetarian food taste consistently great certainly deserves some kind of Nobel prize. The regional varieties are vast. There s Goa s seafood, there s the wazwan of Kashmir and there s the coconutty richness of Kerala.", "Dal -- India has managed to make boiled lentils exciting.", "Dosa -- a pancake filled with anything from cheese to spicy vegetables, perfect for lunch or dinner.", "Chai -- not everyone likes coffee and not everyone likes plain tea, but it s hard to resist chai.", "Balti chicken -- an invention for the British palate, should probably have died out with colonialism.", "We meet up with Yumi Chiba to find out how she became one of the most renowned female sushi chefs in Japan.", "Japanese apply the same precision to their food as they do to their engineering. This is the place that spawned tyrannical sushi masters and ramen bullies who make their staff and customers tremble with a glare.", "You can get a lavish multicourse kaiseki meal that presents the seasons in a spread of visual and culinary poetry. Or grab a seat at a revolving sushi conveyor for a solo feast. Or pick up something random and previously unknown in your gastronomic lexicon from the refrigerated shelves of a convenience store. It s impossible to eat badly in Japan.", "25 Japanese foods we love -- from tempura to miso", "Miso soup -- showcases some of the fundamental flavors of Japanese food, simple and wholesome.", "Sushi and sashimi -- who knew that raw fish on rice could become so popular?", "Tempura -- the perfection of deep-frying. Never greasy, the batter is thin and light like a crisp tissue.", "Fugu -- is anything really that delicious that it s worth risking your life to eat? The poisonous blowfish recently killed diners in Egypt, but is becoming more available in Japan.", "Churros: dough meets chocolate.", "Let s eat and drink, then sleep, then work for two hours, then eat and drink. Viva Espana, that country whose hedonistic food culture we all secretly wish was our own. All that bar-hopping and tapas-eating, the minimal working, the 9 p.m. dinners, the endless porron challenges -- this is a culture based on, around and sometimes even inside food.", "The Spaniards gourmandize the way they flamenco dance, with unbridled passion. They munch on snacks throughout the day with intervals of big meals. From the fruits of the Mediterranean Sea to the spoils of the Pyrenees, from the saffron and cumin notes of the Moors to the insane molecular experiments of Ferran Adria, Spanish food is timeless yet avant garde.", "Jamon Iberico -- a whole cured ham hock usually carved by clamping it down in a wooden stand like some medieval ritual.", "Churros -- the world s best version of sweet fried dough.", "Gazpacho -- it s refreshing and all, but it s basically liquid salad.", "Freshly baked French baguettes -- mouthwatering.", "If you re one of those people who doesn t like to eat because there s more to life than food -- visit Paris. It s a city notorious for its curmudgeonly denizens, but they all believe in the importance of good food. Two-hour lunch breaks for three-course meals are de rigeur.", "Entire two-week vacations are centered on exploring combinations of wines and cheeses around the country. Down-to-earth cooking will surprise those who thought of the French as the world s food snobs (it is the birthplace of the Michelin Guide after all). Cassoulet, pot au feu, steak frites are revelatory when had in the right bistro.", "Escargot -- credit the French for turning slimey, garden-dwelling pests into a delicacy. Massive respect for making them taste amazing too.", "Macarons -- like unicorn food. In fact anything from a patisserie in France seems to have been conjured out of sugar, fairy dust and the dinner wishes of little girls.", "Baguette -- the first and last thing that you ll want to eat in France. The first bite is transformational; the last will be full of longing.", "Foie gras -- it tastes like 10,000 ducks roasted in butter then reduced to a velvet pudding, but some animal advocates decry the cruelty of force-feeding fowl to fatten their livers.", "Peking duck -- just one of many Chinese culinary delights.", "GREG BAKER/AFP/AFP/Getty Images", "The people who greet each other with Have you eaten yet? are arguably the most food-obsessed in the world. Food has been a form of escapism for the Chinese throughout its tumultuous history.", "The Chinese entrepreneurial spirit and appreciation for the finer points of frugality -- the folks are cheap, crafty and food-crazed -- results in one of the bravest tribes of eaters in the world. But the Chinese don t just cook and sell anything, they also make it taste great.", "China is the place to go to get food shock a dozen times a day. You can eat that? will become the intrepid food traveler s daily refrain. China s regional cuisines are so varied it s hard to believe they re from the same nation. It s not a food culture you can easily summarize, except to say you ll invariably want seconds.", "Sweet and sour pork -- a guilty pleasure that has taken on different forms.", "Dim sum -- a grand tradition from Hong Kong to New York.", "Roast suckling pig and Peking duck -- wonders of different styles of ovens adopted by Chinese chefs.", "Xiaolongbao -- incredible soup-filled surprises. How do they get that dumpling skin to hold all that hot broth?", "Shark s fin soup -- rallying for Chinese restaurants to ban the dish has been a pet issue of green campaigners in recent years.", "Nothing beats traditional Neapolitan pizza", "MARIO LAPORTA/AFP/AFP/Getty Images", "Italian food has enslaved tastebuds around the globe for centuries, with its zesty tomato sauces, those clever things they do with wheat flour and desserts that are basically vehicles for cream. It s all so simple. Get some noodles, get some olive oil, get some garlic, maybe a tomato or a slice of bacon. Bam, you have a party on a plate. And it is all so easy to cook and eat.", "From the cheesy risottos to the crisp fried meats, Italian cuisine is a compendium of crowd-pleasing comfort food. Many people have welcomed it into their homes, especially novice cooks. Therein lies the real genius -- Italian food has become everyman s food.", "Italy s 20 regions, dish by delicious dish", "Ragu alla bolognese (spaghetti bolognaise) -- the world s go-to can t decide what to have food.", "Pizza -- mind-bogglingly simple yet satisfying dish. Staple diet of bachelors and college students.", "Italian-style salami -- second only to cigarettes as a source of addiction.", "Coffee -- cappuccino is for breakfast? Forget it. We want it all day and all night.", "Buffalo mozzarella -- those balls of spongy, off-white, subtly flavored cheeses of water buffalo milk. The flavor s so subtle you have to imagine it." ] }, { "url": "https://www.southernliving.com/cuisine", "title": "Types of Southern Cuisine Living", "content": [ "How to Make the Best Cajun Fried Turkey", "How to Make New Orleans Style Oyster Dressing", "Souths Best", "The South\u2019s Best BBQ 2017: Southern Soul Barbeque", "Fat Tuesday Recipes That ll Help You Celebrate Mardi Gras Right", "6 Ways to Screw Up a Pot of Gumbo", "Iconic Southern Plates: The Deep South\u2019s Meat \u2018n\u2019 Three", "Iconic Southern Plates: Lowcountry Shrimp and Grits", "Iconic Southern Plates: Louisiana Gumbo", "Storied Pies: Mincemeat Pie", "The South s Best Soul Food", "The Next Generation of Soul Food Recipes", "The Best Shrimp in Gulf Shores", "Italian Restaurant on the Bayou", "Fresh From the Bayou", "Lowcountry Potluck", "Tastes of the South: Lowcountry", "Lowcountry Pig Pickin", "The Best of Carolina Coastal Cuisine: Myrtle Beach" ] } ] }, "timestamp": null }, { "action": "Wizard => Apprentice", "text": "I think it would be a big challenge to do what Chefs on the program do. Is there a type of cuisine that they normally feature? Or it it cuisine from around the world? ", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.herinterest.com/types-of-cuisine/", "title": "Top 20 Favorite Types of Cuisine herinterest com", "content": [ "Home > Food > Top 20 Favorite Types of Cuisine", "Top 20 Favorite Types of Cuisine", "In most cultures, food is a way for people to gather. It brings family and friends together for banquets, potlucks and holidays. Over recent years, different cuisines have taken on a new popularity. Most cities now have cuisines spanning all corners of the globe. For new cooking ideas or restaurant options, check out some of these global cuisines.", "Mexican food is a common favorite cuisine in America. From chili con carne to enchiladas, spicy Mexican dishes are a popular choice. Western restaurants typically use Northern Mexican cuisine, but there are a number of other options. Ancient Mayan dishes have a subtler flavor while Central and Southern Mexico have a sophisticated taste. Restaurant goers can enjoy eggs, vegetables, beans, chilies and cumin in major Mexican dishes. Chocolate, tomatoes and salsa are always favorites as well.", "With a culinary history that stretches back centuries, Italian cuisine is one of the world\u2019s favorites. Spumoni ice cream, spaghetti, lasagna and pizza are traditional dishes that are widely available in the United States. Beyond these basic dishes, there are a number of regional favorites like Parmesan cheese and Parma ham. One part of Italy is even known for making a kind of maggot cheese. The cheese is fermented and allowed to sit out so that flies lay eggs. Afterward, it is packed at the perfect time for maggots to develop. It might not suit everyone\u2019s taste buds, but it is a specialty from the country. If this cheese is not to your liking, the country has more than 400 types of cheese.", "Although Italian cuisine varies from region to region, each meal will generally be set up in a similar way. It will begin with the antipasto or appetizer menu. Next, diners enjoy the primo course which consists of pasta or rice. The second course is a meat. To top it off, the last course is the dolce or dessert course.", "India is one of the most densely populated countries on the planet. With so many people within the nation, Indian cuisine is highly varied. Curries are the traditional fare, but Indian food is not confined for just curry. There are a number of regions that make vegetarian dishes, and ayurvedic medicinal traditions are often used in creating food. Within India, visitors will find a range of sweet, hot and spicy dishes. Even better, the nation is home to millions of street food stands. At these stands, visitors can try out unique treats for a very cheap price.", "Long ago, the French Acadian people had to flee Canada. Although some of the Acadians went back to France, others chose to move to Louisiana. Once there, they combined French cooking style with local ingredients. This type of cuisine is normally formatted within three dishes. The first pot will contain the main dish while another pot contains vegetables. A third pot will generally contain a mixture of steamed rice and seafood. Popular meat choices include pork sausage, shrimp and fish. Due to the area, Cajun cuisine focuses heavily on celery, bell peppers, garlic and onions. Other flavorings include cayenne pepper, bay leaf, black pepper and green onions.", "During slavery, African-American slaves were only given the leftover, unwanted food. Often, slave owners would try to feed them as little as possible as a way of saving money. This early origin caused soul food to develop. Slaves at the times used collards, mustard greens, turnip tops, dandelions and beets to make up their diet. They often were given the unwanted parts of the meat like offal, oxtail, pigs ears, lard and tripe. With these unwanted, inexpensive pieces, the slaves of the time managed to create a unique, delicious cuisine. Today, soul food includes dishes like chitlins, fried chicken, hog maw, pigs feet, fried okra, collard greens, corn bread, grits and hush puppies. After a delicious meal of soul food, you may not be hungry enough to eat dessert. If you are, you can look forward to cobbler, pecan pie or sweet potato pie.", "Over the last decade, Thai food has grown in popularity. Hands down, the most popular dish is pad thai. To truly experience Thai cuisine, you should step away from the basic pad thai and try some of the broths and noodle dishes that make this cuisine so delectable. This cuisine focuses on a lot of herbs and offers a range of sweet, sour, spicy and bitter tastes. It focuses on fresh herbs, so this cuisine always has a vivid flavor.", "Like Italian cuisine, Greek food dates back thousands of years. Many common Greek dishes have unknown origins because they have been around so long. This cuisine has a unique mix of different Mediterranean styles. Back in the day, the Greeks were well-positioned to become a major port for sea trading. Every time sailors returned from traveling, they brought back different dishes and dining styles. In Greece, visitors can expect fresh herbs, olive oil and feta. Due to its location near the sea, fish is a popular dining option. Pork and lamb are common meat choices because many of the islands are too small to host cattle.", "If characterizing Indian food was hard, Chinese food is impossible to pin down. China has one of the most diverse mixes of cultures and cuisines in the world. The main eight styles of cooking are: Fujian, Cantonese, Anhui, Zhejiang, Szechuan, Shandong and Hunan. In Chinese traditional medicine and culture, the opposites of yin and yang must always be kept in balance. This same balance extends to food. When cooking, the Chinese try to balance different colors, tastes, textures and smells. This focus has paid off and made Chinese cuisine one of the world\u2019s finest.", "In a traditional Chinese meal, you can expect to have noodles or rice. Although many American-based Chinese restaurants use fried rice, most China-based Chinese restaurants serve basic steamed rice. With a strong Buddhist history, vegetarian dishes like tofu remain popular. Interestingly, garlic and chilies are considered non-vegetarian in Buddhism because they stimulate the chi. If you go to a Chinese vegetarian restaurant, don\u2019t expect a lot of spices. For non-vegetarian dishes, you can expect Peking duck, thousand year old eggs, squid and a range of meat dishes. Vegetables are always included with dinner, and they are far from your mother\u2019s broccoli. Chinese vegetable dishes are often the most delicious part of the meal.", "Due to its location, Lebanon has adopted Arabic and Mediterranean influences. Lebanese food uses a lot of fresh fruit, vegetables and seafood. Other than fish, it does not contain a big focus on meat. When dining at a Lebanese restaurant, you can expect delicious pickles, unique salads, Arabic bread, vegetable dishes and vegetable dips.", "The Hibachi or Teppanyaki grill are some of the most delectable of Japanese dining options. At a Hibachi grill, you can watch a cook flip, fry, griddle and cut the food in front of you. This cuisine focuses on noodles, tofu, sushi and vegetables. Each meal is meticulously prepared and exceptionally delicious. Even better, Japanese restaurants often serve oolong or green tea.", "American food is an extremely popular dining option. With so many cultures moving in and out of the country, American food encompasses a range of different dining styles. In Chicago, the deep dish pizza has become famous. Texas has five-alarm chili while the Pacific Northwest is home to microbreweries and coffee. At most traditional American diners, you can expect hot dogs, hamburgers, buffalo wings, biscuits & gravy and omelets.", "Expect Moroccan cuisine to become the next major hit over the coming decade. With such a rich history and unique dishes, this cuisine is one of the world\u2019s finest. It uses Mediterranean fruits and vegetables to make spicy, flavor-filled meals. Lamb is a popular meat dish, and has a subtler flavor that Western lamb dishes. Due to its location near the sea, fish and shellfish play a strong role in Moroccan cuisine. Beef and chicken are commonly eaten. A local favorite is known as a Tagine and contains chicken, fries and olives. Many of these dishes are flavored with dried fruit, lemon pick and olive oil. At lunch time, Moroccans eat a hot or cold salad and bread. Famously, this cuisine includes couscous. Bread is a major dish and is known as Khobz. It varies from town to town, but often looks like a type of baguette. Other specialties include salted meat and Moroccan pancakes.", "There is some debate if there is actually a Mediterranean cuisine. This term mostly developed in the 1970s when there was a Mediterranean diet. In general, it consists of fresh fruits, vegetables, seafood and olive oil. Depending on who you ask, it could include different Greek, Italian, Arabic, European or North African dishes.", "Say Oui, Oui to French cuisine! Five-star chefs are often trained in French cooking. It uses cheese, chocolate and baguettes for delicious meals. Of course, a French meal would never be complete without some wine! Despite their focus on cheese, bread and chocolates, the French amazingly remain thin. Perhaps eating more of this cuisine could be a weight loss plan?", "Spanish cuisine is exceptional because it limits spices. Instead of hiding the flavor of a dish with cumin, chilies or pepper, it only uses enough spice to bring out the natural flavor of the food. Due to its location along the coast, Spanish food has a strong focus on seafood. Famously, cafes and restaurants in Spain offer tapas or pinches. These snack-sized dishes can be made of basically anything and only cost a couple of euros. Before siesta, Spaniards can stop in a local cafe and get a glass of wine and a tapa for merely a couple of euros.", "From sauerkraut to bratwurst, German is known for its flavorful dishes. Restaurant goers can expect spatzl (potatoes), rich varieties of bread, cheese and sausages. Even better, this country is known for its many delicious beers. Surrounded by the world famous cuisines of Italy, Spain and France, Germany has not gotten the attention it deserves from foodies.", "Many people try kimchi and give up on Korean food for good, but this cuisine is more than just kimchi. If you have not had this dish before, kimchi is a fermented cabbage dish that is mixed with vinegar and spice. Other than this common dish, Korean food contains rice, meat, veggies and seafood. It has a unique flavor that you tend to love or hate.", "Vietnamese food has not received nearly the attention it deserves. Due to the French colonization of the area, Vietnamese food contains traditional dishes and French cuisine. Visitors can enjoy vegetables, Vietnamese mint, shrimp paste, lime, basil leaves, soy sauce, fish sauce, fruits and vegetables in their meals. These meals are made to balance the five elements and tastes within the dish, so there is a mixture of sweet, spicy, bitter, sour and salty. Common dishes may include balut, duck meat or ginger.", "Coffee and chocolate are just a fraction of what Turkey has to offer. This cuisine has a delicious vegetable stew, eggplant dishes and seafood-based meals. Stuffed dolmas are always delectable and the yogurt is scrumptious. Foodies enjoy eating dumplings, kebabs and baklava. Olive oil is used in abundance and fresh vegetables are a must-have for Turkish dishes. My personal favorite is the kebab. If you can find a street vendor, you can watch as they peel away meat from the spit. You can eat it on a stick, or some street vendors will put the meat in a pita sandwich-like form.", "Caribbean food is a mixture of African cuisine and local delicacies. This food contains an impressive array of peppers and tropical fruits. From fried plantains to salt fish, Caribbean food is a welcome change from European and Mediterranean dishes. This cuisine puts a strong focus on using foods like leafy green veggies, goat meat, sweet potatoes, rice, peas and coconut. If you have never had Caribbean food, start out with a jerk chicken, goat curry and a mango salsa\u2014you won\u2019t regret it.", "Gloria Bistro", "And European Food, too \ud83d\ude42", "Thank you for sharing your thoughts and feelings. Please share more of your supportive comments in the future. Have a great day, Gloria!", "James Regan Luhr", "I remember when I worked those", "2 jobs for 4 summers in Alaska", "The kids were immature puked everywhere. Over railings balconys.", "The chef at Aramark in Denali", "Was paid to make me work in", "My own room in a separate building.", "I used my time to think. Thanks.", "Thank you for sharing your experiences and insights. It is always beneficial when members of our community share their thoughts and feelings. Please share more of your supportive comments in the future. Have a great day, James!", "I wish you guys put Armenian, it\u2019s delicious", "Thank you for sharing your positive comment. Please share more of your thoughts and feelings in the future. Have a great day, Emily!", "somalion food", "Thank you for sharing your thoughts and feelings. Have a great day, O!", "Marcie Roy", "You forgot Ukranian Polish and Hungarian food. They are awesome perogies, cabbage rolls borscht Goulash langos and so many more tasty foods.", "Thank you for sharing your experiences and insights. Please feel free to share more of your thoughts and feelings in the future. Have a great day, Marcie!", "allan wasilwa", "These food is delicious and yummy", "Thank you for sharing your positive comment. If you have any recipes that you would like to share, then please do. Have a great day, Allan!", "Italian, American and Mexican are the best", "Thank you for sharing the types of cuisine that you most appreciate. Have a great day, Mike!", "My personal bests are Indian & Mexican, even Italian sometimes too. I love chicken tikka \ud83d\ude09", "I love all of those types of cuisine. \ud83d\ude42 Thanks for commenting, Sylvester!", "I love the chicken", "Never tried Greek cuisine :(. Italian is my absolute favourite, but all the Asian styles are to die for! American cuisine? Not my cup of tea, not fond of fast food and super caloric drinks. Great list!", "Thank you for sharing your food likes and dislikes. It is certain that your dietary preferences are similar to others. Perhaps you and other readers can share cuisine ideas! Let us know what your favorite Italian dishes are. Thank you, Cristina!", "pawan Gore", "I love Chinese cuisine", "It seems like you may have commented twice on this one. I have to answer and approve each comment individually, so it can sometimes take a little while for all of the responses and comments to appear. If you do not see your comment right away, don\u2019t worry because you will. Read through my initial response and let me know if you have any other questions. Thanks for commenting!", "I love Chinese cusin", "Me too! Thanks for commenting!" ] }, { "url": "https://leafyplace.com/types-of-cuisine/", "title": "Types of Cuisine From Around the World With Their Popular", "content": [ "Types of Cuisine From Around the World With Their Popular Foods", "Most countries and regions in the world have their own particular cuisine. Different types of cuisines involve certain cooking practices, local ingredients, and a combination of spices. Some food cultures are a fusion of foods from different countries. From these, delicious foods have developed that provide unique culinary experiences.", "There are hundreds of different cuisines in the world. Famous cuisines in the world include French, Thai, Italian, Indian, and Chinese. In large cities, it is also not uncommon to find restaurants serving dishes from Moroccan, Lebanese, Vietnamese, and Hungarian cuisines.", "Even in countries that have their own particular kind of cuisine, it is not uncommon to have regional variations. For example, some types of food may be prepared in different ways or include a different variety of ingredients.", "In this article, you will learn about some of the top cuisines in the world. You will also find out where some famous dishes originated from.", "The French Provencal cuisine uses a lot of herbs", "Many regard French cuisine as one of the best cuisines in the world. French food involves ingredients such as butter, cream, wine, herbs, chocolate, and vegetables. French pastry dishes, cheese, bread, and wine are famous throughout the world.", "Food culture in France also revolves around locally sourced ingredients. On the Mediterranean coast, seafood is very popular. Provencal cuisine uses tarragon and a host of other herbs and spices. Paris itself has over 9,000 restaurants serving French classics and dishes from around the world.", "Dumplings and dim sum are a common food in the Chinese cuisine", "Chinese cuisine is one of the most diverse food cultures in the world. Traditionally, Chinese food is served with noodles or rice. Also, Chinese dumplings form a large part of the staple diet in many regions of China. There are several main cuisines in Chinese cookery \u2013 Cantonese, Sichuan, Fujian, and Hunan cuisines are the most well-known.", "Most Chinese dishes contain a mixture of vegetables that are stir-fried and combined with aromatic spices and herbs. For example, ginger is often fried along with garlic and onions to create flavorsome dishes. Also, soy sauce, rice vinegar, and fish sauce are commonly used to create a blend of wonderful flavors.", "Chinese cuisine could be regarded as the one of the most important in the world. Chinese cooking styles have influenced other foods from Korea, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. Chinese dishes are so popular that most cities in the world have a number of Chinese restaurants. Sweet and sour chicken and chop suey are the most popular Chinese dishes outside of China.", "Sushi is a very popular food in Japanese restaurants", "Japanese dishes have become one of the most important food genres in the world. Boiled rice usually accompanies most dishes with grilled fish, pickled vegetables, or deep-fried vegetables. Tofu also plays an important part in traditional Japanese cuisine.", "Of course, sushi is one of the most well-known type of Japanese food. Great care and precision goes into creating delicious rice rolls with raw fish, vegetables, and nori. These are accompanied with pickled ginger and dipping sauces. Japanese food culture is so influential that many countries around the world developed their own type of sushi varieties.", "Going into a Japanese restaurant, you often see the chef working in an open kitchen at a Teppanyaki grill.", "After your delicious Japanese meal, you can finish off with a cup of refreshing type of tea such as: green tea, oolong tea, or jasmine tea.", "Pasta dishes are one of the most famous foods in Italian cuisine", "Many people regard Italy as the country with the best food in the world. Pasta dishes in Italian cuisine are one of the most popular and favorite types of food in the world. There are very few people in the world who haven\u2019t tried delicious Italian foods like pizza, spaghetti, or delicious Italian ice cream. Many classic Italian dishes also include the regional name in their title. For example, spaghetti Bolognese from Bologna and Parma ham or Parmesan cheese from Parma.", "The mainstays of the popular Italian cuisine are pasta, rice, tomatoes, and cheese. Many regional variations include types of meat, seafood, or sausages along with delicious sauces. These can be flavored with herbs such as oregano, basil, or a combination of other fresh herbs.", "There is also great variation in food cultures between the various regions of Italy. Abruzzo cuisine from the mountainous and coastal regions has pasta, seafood, lamb, and wild mushrooms. Neapolitan cuisine is famous for foods like pizzas, spaghetti, and mozzarella. Famous Italian dishes such as lasagna, tortellini, and Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese are from areas around Bologna and Modena.", "Greek salad is a favorite food for Greek cuisine lovers", "Greek food culture is one of the oldest in the world. Cuisine from Greece and the Greek islands is heavily influenced by olive oil, vegetables, fish, and various types of meat. In fact, a simple Greek salad may just be fresh cucumbers, tomatoes, red onions, a dash of olive oil, a few tasty olives, and a thick slice of feta cheese.", "Some popular Greek dishes include moussaka made from eggplant, tzatziki (a type of yogurt dip), or gyro \u2013 a type of kebab with lamb, pork, or chicken meat. Due to its long coastline, seafood such as squid, mussels, fish, and lobster are popular food choices.", "After feasting on Greek delicacies, you may have room for some common Greek desserts. A delicious filo pastry with layers of nuts and honey called baklava is one of the most favorite Greek sweet foods.", "Seafood paella is a popular dish served in many Spanish restaurants", "Similar to many countries around the Mediterranean Sea, Spanish cuisine is heavily influenced by seafood. A combination of mussels, cuttlefish, shrimps, and lobster together with paprika, saffron and rich broth create the classic seafood paella.", "Spanish food culture isn\u2019t limited just to seafood. This popular cuisine also includes foods like cured meats such as Serrano or Iberico ham. Chorizo sausage, mushrooms, and cooked meat are used in Spanish appetizers \u2013 tapas.", "Different regions of Spain also have culinary variations. For example, La Rioja is famous for its red wine, cured pork, and lamb dishes. Seafood, thyme soup, and bean omelets are popular in Catalan cuisine. Andalusia is famous for hot soups, fish stews, and cold soups such as gazpacho.", "Olive oil is a staple ingredient in the Mediterranean cuisine", "It can be difficult to define what exactly Mediterranean cuisine is as there is great variety of dishes in it. The key ingredients of Mediterranean cuisine are basic foods such as olive oil, fresh vegetables, wheat (such as bread and pasta), and grape (such as wine).", "Mediterranean food styles include culinary delicacies from countries such as Morocco, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Greece, Turkey, and the Middle East.", "Mediterranean food culture is also the basis of the Mediterranean diet. This kind of diet contains olive oil, fresh vegetables and fruits, seafood, and nuts.", "Hummus dip with pita bread is a common type of food served in many Lebanese restaurants", "Lebanese food culture comprises cuisines from other Mediterranean countries. Poultry, seafood, lamb, or goat meat are prepared with olive oil, garlic, and other spices. These are usually consumed with pitta bread and fresh or grilled vegetables.", "Chickpeas also form a staple part of Lebanese cuisine. These are cooked and blended with olive oil, tahini, and lemon juice to create a delicious nutty hummus dip.", "As well as classic Mediterranean desserts such as baklava or halva, fresh or dried types of dates are also widely used in Lebanese sweet dishes.", "A vegetable couscous is served in Moroccan tagine", "Moroccan dishes are a great example of when different cuisines fuse to form a new type of food genre. Moroccan cuisine uses a goat, lamb, poultry, beef, and seafood as its basis. These meats are spiced and cooked along with lemons, dried fruits, and olive oil.", "One of the most famous foods in the popular Moroccan cuisine is couscous. This common wheat-based food is combined with various spices, herbs, and vegetables to create a versatile and delicious side dish. Another favorite Moroccan classic dish is a tagine. This is an earthenware dish used to cook meat along with vegetables or dried fruits.", "As with many dishes in North Africa, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean, Moroccan cuisine uses flatbread as a meal accompaniment.", "Lamb kebab is a popular type of dish in the Turkish cuisine", "Turkish food is another example of a fusion of various food cultures from Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. Eggplant, stuffed dolmas, lamb kebabs, and delicious vegetable stews are just some of the culinary delights you can experience with Turkish food. Nuts such as hazelnuts, walnuts, and chestnuts are common food ingredients in savory and sweet dishes.", "One important part of Turkish cuisine is yogurt. In fact, the name \u2018yogurt\u2019 is a Turkish word. Yogurt and types of spiced yogurt are an accompaniment to many vegetable and meat dishes in Turkey. Cheese made from sheep\u2019s milk is another important dairy product in Turkish cuisine.", "Popular beverages in Turkey include strong Turkish coffee, hot black tea, and Ayran \u2013 a type of yogurt drink.", "Pad Thai is a famous and delicious dish to try when visiting Thailand", "Thai cuisine is all about strong spicy flavors that incorporate sweet, sour, and hot elements. Some of the world\u2019s most popular dishes are from Thailand. Pad Thai, green curry, and tom yum goong are just some examples of the best dishes from Thailand.", "Thai food is traditionally served with rice or noodles. Even spicy Thai soups or broths usually contain basic rice noodles.", "One of the unique features of Thai cuisine is its wide use of spices, herbs, and sauces. For example, fresh basil, lemongrass, kaffir lime, chilies, and coconut milk are some of the ingredients in Thai green curry. Also, cloves, ginger, cilantro, mint, and turmeric are common ingredients.", "Trying many of the different dishes in Thailand is usually a culinary experience that few people forget.", "Samosas may take different fillings and forms, depending on the region in India", "When it comes to spicy, aromatic dishes, Indian cuisine usually tops the list. The amazing range of spices, chilies, and herbs combine to make some of the spiciest foods you can eat.", "In India, the range of different cuisines is also impressive. Each region in India has its own ethnic foods and dishes. These can include vegetable pastry morsels such as samosas, vegetarian curries, beans with fermented fish, and vegetable pakoras.", "Street food is also part of the food culture in India. Tandoori chicken served with basic naan bread, spicy Indian snacks, and sweet dishes such as Gulab jamun are all popular.", "Indian cuisine has also been exported to many countries throughout the world. In countries like the United Kingdom, the US, Australia, and Singapore, Indian cuisine has been adapted to local culture.", "Crawfish dishes are very common in many restaurants in Louisiana", "Cajun food is an important part of American cuisine and is another example of \u2018fusion cuisine.\u2019 French cuisine combined with local ingredients in Louisiana has created many of the scrumptious dishes in Cajun cooking.", "Most Cajun dishes are prepared in pots. Seafood, crawfish, shrimps, vegetables, and steamed rice are the most common ingredients. Celery, bell peppers, citrus fruits, and okra are some of the fruits and vegetables common in Cajun food.", "Cajun cuisine is closely related to Creole cuisine. Gumbo is probably the signature dish of both cuisines.", "Taco is a traditional Mexican dish made of tortilla folded around a variety of fillings", "Another of the most popular types of cuisines in the world is Mexican food. Tacos, enchiladas, tortillas, nachos, and quesadillas are now common dishes in many countries around the world. Mexican food is also a popular street food as it\u2019s easy to wrap delicious spicy meat, salsas, and vegetables in tortas or tortillas.", "Visiting an authentic Mexican restaurant provides an amazing choice of delicious dishes. Ethnic Mexican food can include grilled goat, meat with eggs, exotic fruits, and hot spicy dishes. Authentic Mexican avocado guacamole is absolutely delicious.", "Traditional Mexican cuisine is much different from the \u2018Tex-Mex\u2019 type of Mexican food that is popular in many countries.", "Jerk is a traditional cooking style in the Caribbean cuisine. In the photo: jerk wings with rice and broccoli", "Traditional Caribbean dishes are a combination of African, European, Cajun, and Middle Eastern cuisines. Fusing cooking styles from these countries along with local ingredients has created a unique food culture.", "Rice is the staple ingredient in most Caribbean dishes. Local ingredients such as coconuts, plantains, beans, tomatoes, and chickpeas are used to create tasty meals. The addition of fiery chilies such as Scotch bonnet peppers gives many Caribbean dishes a powerful kick.", "The most famous food in the Caribbean cuisine is oven-baked Jerk Chicken. This is a spicy dish combining chicken, habanero peppers, ginger, garlic, herbs, and spices.", "Although Caribbean cuisine defines many dishes from the islands, each island has its own food culture.", "Bratwurst is a type of German sausage most commonly made of pork", "German cuisine is famous for its sausages called Wurst in German. There are an estimated over 1,500 different types of German sausage. However, German food isn\u2019t all about bratwurst. There are many flavorful dishes in German cuisine.", "German specialties include German fries, sauerkraut, rye bread, Sp\u00e4tzle (a type of noodle), and dumplings. Popular German desserts include donuts (without a hole), Black Forest cake, and Rote Gr\u00fctze (a delicious berry fruit pudding).", "Of course, Germany is also well-known for its beer such as pilsner and wheat beer.", "Borscht is a soup common in Eastern Europe countries. Made with beetroots, it has a typical red color", "Russia has a wide and varied food culture due to many culinary influences from its different regions. Due to the harsh climate, soups and stews play an important role in Russian cuisine. Thick spicy meat broths, noodle soups, and cabbage soups are very popular. A popular type of Russian soup is borscht that contains beets, cabbage, beef, and eaten with sour cream.", "Grains are another important part of Russian food. For example, buckwheat, barley and millet are all used as accompaniments to main meals. Beef Stroganoff, meatballs, and a type of Shish kebab are popular meat dishes.", "Even though it has become more expensive, caviar still enjoyed by many people in Russia.", "Goulash is enjoyed not only in Hungary but around the world", "Similar to Russian food, Hungarian cuisine is a mixture of soups and stews. Maybe the most famous Hungarian dish is goulash made with meat and spicy paprika. This classic Hungarian meal can be served as a soup or a stew.", "Similar to many countries in Europe, Hungarian cuisine has been influenced by surrounding countries. Therefore, crepes, sweet dumplings, stuffed cabbage rolls, and sausages are all found on traditional Hungarian menus.", "Hot dog is a popular street food across USA", "American cuisine has absorbed the cultures of many who came to the United States in the 1800s. A fusion of cooking styles, cuisines, and ethnic foods combined to create a new type of cuisine. Many chefs took traditional dishes from their home countries and put their own twist on them.", "For example, pizza is traditional Italian food. But \u2018Chicago\u2019 pizza has a thicker and taller crust, whereas \u2018New York Slice\u2019 is thinner. A \u2018New York Strip Steak\u2019 is known in other countries as sirloin or contre-filet steak.", "Hamburgers, hot dogs, \u2018French fries,\u2019 fried chicken, and deep-pan pizzas are new takes on traditional foods from other countries. However, they are all part of the list of foods belonging to American cuisine.", "Types of Food \u2013 Do You Know these Various Food Categories?", "Different Kinds of Vegetables and Their Nutritional Value", "Types of Meat With Their Benefits, Concerns and Nutrition Facts", "Types of Cuisine From Around the World With Their Popular Foods was last modified: December 31st, 2019 by no_name12", "Types of Steak: Different Cuts of Steak With Their Picture and Name", "Types of Edible Mushrooms (Including Wild Edible Mushrooms) - With Pictures", "Types of Tea: Varieties of Tea With Their Flavor, Caffeine Content and More", "The Tastiest and Most Exciting Types of Cheese You Didn t Know About" ] }, { "url": "https://www.ranker.com/crowdranked-list/favorite-types-of-cuisine", "title": "Your Favorite Types of Cuisine Ranker", "content": [ "17 LISTS Food Around the WorldPart of the fun of traveling is stuffing your face with the cuisines and treats of the locals. These lists rank the most delicious, must-try foods wherever you ll be.", "The Best Types of Cuisine Countries with the Best Eats Why Different Cultures Eat Different Foods The Tastiest Foods on Earth Fast Food You ll Want to Try Breakfast Foods Around the World The World s Best Cities for Eating Gross Foods People Actually Eat Delicious Desserts French Fries All Around the World Tasty Sandwiches Weird Ways People Eat Blood What People Eat in Hospitals The Food You ll Get on Airplanes Incredible / Gross Food World Records How Everybody Eats Hot Dogs Food Museums You ve Got to Visit", "Photo: Kevin Casper", "Cuisine Your Favorite Types of Cuisine", "List Rules Distinctive styles of food", "This is a list of the favorite types of cuisine, chosen by Ranker users. Whether it s Italian cuisine (real Italian, we re not just talking pizza here), Chinese or something a bit more exotic, like Moroccan food, people are passionate with their palates. Everyone has a different favorite: What s yours?", "Some of the more popular world cuisines, like Mexican, Thai, and Greek, appear on this list. Some may not get as much exposure, but that sure doesn t mean they aren t tasty! Foodies, this is your chance to step up and be heard: Create your own list of your favorite kinds of cuisine. Obviously not everyone likes the same kinds of foods, but it will be interesting to see what cuisines are the most popular.", "And if you see a specific type of cuisine that you ve never tried, give it a chance: You never know when you might find a new favorite. Be bold, be brave! Your taste buds will thank you later.", "South Korea Food", "Dark Ether added Cajun food", "ShaimingTsou added Vegetarian food", "VickiMoreman added Seafood", "List Rules: Distinctive styles of food", "Filed Under: Foods Food/DrinkPlaces/TravelThe RecipeTravelCookingRecipesCuisinepollPopular Opinion", "The Best Things to Put in a Salad The Most Comforting Comfort Food The Biggest Foods in the World The Most Delicious Foods in the World Low Calorie Fast Food The Best Things About Fall Rice Recipes The Best Horror Movie Remakes The Very Best Snacks to Eat Between Meals, Ranked The Best Frozen French Fries The Best Breakfast Foods Famous Schizophrenics 15 Famous People Who Went to Med School The Most Cravable Chinese Food Dishes The Best Fast Food Salads The Best Tasting Whiskey The Best Pinot Grigio Food Pairings, Ranked The 20 Greatest Misheard Lyrics Music Videos on the Internet The Best Restaurants to Stop at During a Road Trip", "indians pitchers black female models syfy original movies what channel are the celtics on tonight how to have a spontaneous orgasm matthew mcconaughey movies dangerous animals in florida the mask of zorro cast who played othello nyu famous alumni" ] }, { "url": "https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/world-best-food-cultures/index.html", "title": "World cuisine 10 best food cultures CNN Travel", "content": [ "Zoe Li, CNN \u2022 Updated 4th May 2018", "(CNN) \u2014 We love to write about food. We love to celebrate the good stuff and lambaste the bad.", "This is our take on some of the best food cultures and destinations, but of course it s subjective. It s time to find out once and for all, which cuisine is king as you plan where you ll travel next.", "America knows how to dish food that hits the spot.", "This may be because most of the popular foods in the USA originate in some other country. The pizza slice is Italian. Fries are Belgium or Dutch. Hamburgers and frankfurters? Likely German. But in the kitchens of the United States, they have been improved and added to, to become global icons for food lovers everywhere.", "Don t neglect the homegrown American dishes either.", "There s the traditional stuff such as clam chowder, key lime pie and Cobb salad, and most importantly the locavore movement of modern American food started by Alice Waters. This promotion of eco-awareness in food culture is carried on today by Michelle Obama.", "Cheeseburger -- a perfect example of making good things greater.", "Chocolate chip cookie -- the world would be a little less habitable without this Americana classic.", "All overly processed foods such as Twinkies, Hostess cakes and KFC.", "Mmmmexico.", "Courtesy Denis Dervisevic/Creative Commons/Flickr", "If you were only allowed to eat the food of one country the rest of your life, it would be smart to make it Mexico. The cuisine of the Mesoamerican country has a little bit of everything -- you ll never get bored.", "Amongst the enchiladas and the tacos and the helados and the quesadillas you ll find the zestiness of Greek salads and the richness of an Indian curry; the heat of Thai food and the use-your-hands snackiness of tapas. It is also central station for nutritional superfoods. All that avocado, tomato, lime and garlic with beans and chocolates and chilies to boot, is rich with antioxidants and good healthful things. It doesn t taste healthy though. It tastes like a fiesta in your mouth.", "World s 50 best foods", "Mole -- ancient sauce made of chili peppers, spices, chocolate and magic incantations.", "Tacos al pastor -- the spit-roast pork taco, a blend of the pre- and post-Colombian.", "Tamales -- an ancient Mayan food of masa cooked in a leaf wrapping.", "Tostadas -- basically the same as a taco or burrito but served in a crispy fried tortilla which breaks into pieces as soon as you bite into it. Impossible to eat.", "Open for more than eight decades, old school Bangkok cafe On Lok Yun -- located at 72 Charoen Krung Road -- is a local institution. Video by Black Buddha", "Street eats are a Thai attraction. Flip through a Thai cook book and you ll be hard pressed to find an ingredient list that doesn t run a page long. The combination of so many herbs and spices in each dish produces complex flavors that somehow come together like orchestral music. Thais fit spicy, sour, salty, sweet, chewy, crunchy and slippery into one dish.", "With influences from China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Myanmar and a royal culinary tradition, Thai cuisine is the best of many worlds. The best part about eating Thai food in Thailand though is the hospitality. Sun, beach, service with a smile and a plastic bag full of som tam -- that s the good life.", "Tom yam kung -- a rave party for the mouth. The floral notes of lemongrass, the earthy galangal, freshness of kaffir lime leaves and the heat of the chilies.", "Massaman curry -- a Thai curry with Islamic roots. Topped our list of the world s 50 most delicious foods.", "Som tam -- the popular green papaya salad is sour, extra spicy, sweet and salty. It s the best of Thai tastes.", "Pla som -- a fermented fish eaten uncooked is popular in Lawa, Thailand and reported to be responsible for bile duct cancer.", "Souvlaki is paradise on a stick.", "LOUISA GOULIAMAKI/AFP/AFP/Getty Images", "Traveling and eating in Greece feels like a glossy magazine spread come to life, but without the Photoshopping. Like the blue seas and white buildings, the kalamata olives, feta cheese, the colorful salads and roast meats are all postcard perfect by default.", "The secret? Lashings of glistening olive oil. Gift of the gods, olive oil is arguably Greece s greatest export, influencing the way people around the world think about food and nutritional health. Eating in Greece is also a way of consuming history. A bite of dolma or a slurp of lentil soup gives a small taste of life in ancient Greece, when they were invented.", "Olive oil -- drizzled on other food, or soaked up by bread, is almost as varied as wine in its flavors.", "Spanakopita -- makes spinach palatable with its feta cheese mixture and flaky pastry cover.", "Gyros -- late-night drunk eating wouldn t be the same without the pita bread sandwich of roast meat and tzatziki.", "Lachanorizo -- basically cabbage and onion cooked to death then mixed with rice. Filling, but one-dimensional.", "Sweet and spicy chai tea.", "NOAH SEELAM/AFP/AFP/Getty Images", "When a cuisine uses spices in such abundance that the meat and vegetables seem like an afterthought, you know you re dealing with cooks dedicated to flavor. There are no rules for spice usage as long as it results in something delicious. The same spice can add zest to savory and sweet dishes, or can sometimes be eaten on its own -- fennel seed is enjoyed as a breath-freshening digestive aid at the end of meals.", "And any country that manages to make vegetarian food taste consistently great certainly deserves some kind of Nobel prize. The regional varieties are vast. There s Goa s seafood, there s the wazwan of Kashmir and there s the coconutty richness of Kerala.", "Dal -- India has managed to make boiled lentils exciting.", "Dosa -- a pancake filled with anything from cheese to spicy vegetables, perfect for lunch or dinner.", "Chai -- not everyone likes coffee and not everyone likes plain tea, but it s hard to resist chai.", "Balti chicken -- an invention for the British palate, should probably have died out with colonialism.", "We meet up with Yumi Chiba to find out how she became one of the most renowned female sushi chefs in Japan.", "Japanese apply the same precision to their food as they do to their engineering. This is the place that spawned tyrannical sushi masters and ramen bullies who make their staff and customers tremble with a glare.", "You can get a lavish multicourse kaiseki meal that presents the seasons in a spread of visual and culinary poetry. Or grab a seat at a revolving sushi conveyor for a solo feast. Or pick up something random and previously unknown in your gastronomic lexicon from the refrigerated shelves of a convenience store. It s impossible to eat badly in Japan.", "25 Japanese foods we love -- from tempura to miso", "Miso soup -- showcases some of the fundamental flavors of Japanese food, simple and wholesome.", "Sushi and sashimi -- who knew that raw fish on rice could become so popular?", "Tempura -- the perfection of deep-frying. Never greasy, the batter is thin and light like a crisp tissue.", "Fugu -- is anything really that delicious that it s worth risking your life to eat? The poisonous blowfish recently killed diners in Egypt, but is becoming more available in Japan.", "Churros: dough meets chocolate.", "Let s eat and drink, then sleep, then work for two hours, then eat and drink. Viva Espana, that country whose hedonistic food culture we all secretly wish was our own. All that bar-hopping and tapas-eating, the minimal working, the 9 p.m. dinners, the endless porron challenges -- this is a culture based on, around and sometimes even inside food.", "The Spaniards gourmandize the way they flamenco dance, with unbridled passion. They munch on snacks throughout the day with intervals of big meals. From the fruits of the Mediterranean Sea to the spoils of the Pyrenees, from the saffron and cumin notes of the Moors to the insane molecular experiments of Ferran Adria, Spanish food is timeless yet avant garde.", "Jamon Iberico -- a whole cured ham hock usually carved by clamping it down in a wooden stand like some medieval ritual.", "Churros -- the world s best version of sweet fried dough.", "Gazpacho -- it s refreshing and all, but it s basically liquid salad.", "Freshly baked French baguettes -- mouthwatering.", "If you re one of those people who doesn t like to eat because there s more to life than food -- visit Paris. It s a city notorious for its curmudgeonly denizens, but they all believe in the importance of good food. Two-hour lunch breaks for three-course meals are de rigeur.", "Entire two-week vacations are centered on exploring combinations of wines and cheeses around the country. Down-to-earth cooking will surprise those who thought of the French as the world s food snobs (it is the birthplace of the Michelin Guide after all). Cassoulet, pot au feu, steak frites are revelatory when had in the right bistro.", "Escargot -- credit the French for turning slimey, garden-dwelling pests into a delicacy. Massive respect for making them taste amazing too.", "Macarons -- like unicorn food. In fact anything from a patisserie in France seems to have been conjured out of sugar, fairy dust and the dinner wishes of little girls.", "Baguette -- the first and last thing that you ll want to eat in France. The first bite is transformational; the last will be full of longing.", "Foie gras -- it tastes like 10,000 ducks roasted in butter then reduced to a velvet pudding, but some animal advocates decry the cruelty of force-feeding fowl to fatten their livers.", "Peking duck -- just one of many Chinese culinary delights.", "GREG BAKER/AFP/AFP/Getty Images", "The people who greet each other with Have you eaten yet? are arguably the most food-obsessed in the world. Food has been a form of escapism for the Chinese throughout its tumultuous history.", "The Chinese entrepreneurial spirit and appreciation for the finer points of frugality -- the folks are cheap, crafty and food-crazed -- results in one of the bravest tribes of eaters in the world. But the Chinese don t just cook and sell anything, they also make it taste great.", "China is the place to go to get food shock a dozen times a day. You can eat that? will become the intrepid food traveler s daily refrain. China s regional cuisines are so varied it s hard to believe they re from the same nation. It s not a food culture you can easily summarize, except to say you ll invariably want seconds.", "Sweet and sour pork -- a guilty pleasure that has taken on different forms.", "Dim sum -- a grand tradition from Hong Kong to New York.", "Roast suckling pig and Peking duck -- wonders of different styles of ovens adopted by Chinese chefs.", "Xiaolongbao -- incredible soup-filled surprises. How do they get that dumpling skin to hold all that hot broth?", "Shark s fin soup -- rallying for Chinese restaurants to ban the dish has been a pet issue of green campaigners in recent years.", "Nothing beats traditional Neapolitan pizza", "MARIO LAPORTA/AFP/AFP/Getty Images", "Italian food has enslaved tastebuds around the globe for centuries, with its zesty tomato sauces, those clever things they do with wheat flour and desserts that are basically vehicles for cream. It s all so simple. Get some noodles, get some olive oil, get some garlic, maybe a tomato or a slice of bacon. Bam, you have a party on a plate. And it is all so easy to cook and eat.", "From the cheesy risottos to the crisp fried meats, Italian cuisine is a compendium of crowd-pleasing comfort food. Many people have welcomed it into their homes, especially novice cooks. Therein lies the real genius -- Italian food has become everyman s food.", "Italy s 20 regions, dish by delicious dish", "Ragu alla bolognese (spaghetti bolognaise) -- the world s go-to can t decide what to have food.", "Pizza -- mind-bogglingly simple yet satisfying dish. Staple diet of bachelors and college students.", "Italian-style salami -- second only to cigarettes as a source of addiction.", "Coffee -- cappuccino is for breakfast? Forget it. We want it all day and all night.", "Buffalo mozzarella -- those balls of spongy, off-white, subtly flavored cheeses of water buffalo milk. The flavor s so subtle you have to imagine it." ] }, { "url": "https://www.southernliving.com/cuisine", "title": "Types of Southern Cuisine Living", "content": [ "How to Make the Best Cajun Fried Turkey", "How to Make New Orleans Style Oyster Dressing", "Souths Best", "The South\u2019s Best BBQ 2017: Southern Soul Barbeque", "Fat Tuesday Recipes That ll Help You Celebrate Mardi Gras Right", "6 Ways to Screw Up a Pot of Gumbo", "Iconic Southern Plates: The Deep South\u2019s Meat \u2018n\u2019 Three", "Iconic Southern Plates: Lowcountry Shrimp and Grits", "Iconic Southern Plates: Louisiana Gumbo", "Storied Pies: Mincemeat Pie", "The South s Best Soul Food", "The Next Generation of Soul Food Recipes", "The Best Shrimp in Gulf Shores", "Italian Restaurant on the Bayou", "Fresh From the Bayou", "Lowcountry Potluck", "Tastes of the South: Lowcountry", "Lowcountry Pig Pickin", "The Best of Carolina Coastal Cuisine: Myrtle Beach" ] } ], "selected_contents": [ [ false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ] ] }, "timestamp": 1616077480 }, { "action": "Apprentice => Wizard", "text": "Yes, i forgot to mention there is also only a 20 or thirty minute time limit, depending on the round. The cuisine is from around the world. Fine dining to street style. ", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077645 }, { "action": "Wizard => SearchAgent", "text": "foodie", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077701 }, { "action": "SearchAgent => Wizard", "text": "", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.food.ee/", "title": "Build Your Office Meal Program with Foodee All in one", "content": [ "Local Food. Company Culture.", "Bring your team together for a meal they ll love.", "Corporate meal delivery, your way.", "CATERED MEALS DELIVERED TO YOUR TEAM", "Our service is stress free, on time and easy to customize", "Our owner-operated restaurants favor quality, variety and sustainability", "WE GET CULTURE", "Our meals strengthen company culture by bringing teams together", "Delivering Food That Makes A Difference", "See what we re all about below", "Bring fresh delicious, healthy meals from locally owned restaurants and neighborhood favorites for any event you re planning. Morning, day or night, you re supporting local businesses when you order with Foodee.", "Trusted By Innovative Teams", "Find us in these cities across North America", "Find your city Atlanta Austin Boulder Columbus Denver Minneapolis Philadelphia Pittsburgh Toronto Vancouver", "Create an account and start ordering team meals. Feed your people now.", "Think of it as a lunch date with a pleasant internet stranger. Try before you buy." ] }, { "url": "https://rehobothfoodie.com/", "title": "The Rehoboth Foodie DE Restaurant Reviews", "content": [ "Upstate Gems: Pizza by Elizabeth\u2019s + La Baguette", "Starting at 3 this Saturday 2/23 on Delaware 105.9FM, meet Betsy LeRoy, the creator of Greenville\u2019s Pizza By Elizabeth\u2019s restaurant. She is joined by her rock star husband, Ben (remember The Snap?). Did you know there used to be a \u2026 Continue reading \u2192", "Delivery Restaurants Dining al fresco Tipsy? Call A Cab!", "The Pint: The Dublin Cakes", "What is blue cheese, and why would I eat moldy cheese just because my spouse said I should?", "Lupo Italian Kitchen: Bucatini with peas & pancetta", "Blackwall Hitch: Don t miss the short rib burger", "Kilwins: Cashew Brittle made right before your eyes", "Pig & Publican: The Shotgun", "Conch Island Key West Bar & Grill: Check out the Blue Heaven Burger", "Cuvee Ray Wine Bar: Perfectly seared scallops", "Mariachi: Katie and her ultra-frozen margs", "Demystifying Ch\u00e2teauneuf-du-Pape", "I had the pleasure of meeting owner Sue Ryan at the behest of my dearly departed friend Matt Haley. (I love saying \u201cbehest\u201d.) \u201cShe\u2019s a really cool lady,\u201d he told me on the phone, \u201cand I want to help her out. \u2026 Continue reading \u2192", "IN: Reviews /Showcase /Other Area Reviews /Bethany Beach, DE", "Before a restaurant opens, I try to sneak in and grab a few photos for you and maybe even a few food shots if possible. That\u2019s why my preliminary articles are called \u201csneak peek.\u201d But the owners of the brand \u2026 Continue reading \u2192", "IN: Reviews /Showcase /Rehoboth Reviews /American / Traditional /Sneak Peek", "Over the last few years, the Clubhouse at Baywood and their associated catering services went through a reorganization in the food service department. The resulting emails suggested that the takeover by SoDel Concepts was improving things dramatically. Well, after two \u2026 Continue reading \u2192", "IN: Reviews /Other Area Reviews /Angola / Long Neck /Sneak Peek", "Grub isn\u2019t very big, so they don\u2019t stock a whole lot of any one thing. They do, however, have a wide variety of goodies\u2013some of which are unusual. So far, I\u2019ve been lucky and found that elusive small buttermilk, big onion, sour \u2026 Continue reading \u2192", "IN: Reviews /Rehoboth Reviews /Salumerias / Delis / Gourmet Markets / Wine Bars", "Shrimpy\u2019s Snack Shack by the Boardwalk in Rehoboth Beach took over the old Hooked Seafood & Martini Bar space in Midway in late 2018. This is not their first rodeo: Ronald Zseltvay (affectionately known as the way-more-pronounceable Ron Zee), Ray \u2026 Continue reading \u2192", "Vineyard Wine Bar is back! Joe Lertch of The Vineyard Wine Bar & Bistro has finished the extensive fitup and cleanup needed to reopen his Rehoboth location of Vineyard Wine Bar & Bistro in downtown Rehoboth after the stinky fire \u2026 Continue reading \u2192", "IN: Reviews /Showcase /Rehoboth Reviews /Salumerias / Delis / Gourmet Markets / Wine Bars", "Tonya and Francesco Agostino\u2019s new Azzurro Italian Oven and Bar is up and running in the old Chez la Mer / Papa Grande\u2019s location at 210 Second St. at Wilmington Ave. in Rehoboth. The very first thing that will strike \u2026 Continue reading \u2192", "IN: Reviews /Showcase /Italian", "Minh\u2019s Bistro, Rehoboth\u2019s first Vietnamese restaurant, is in the new Schell building at Rt. 24 in Rehoboth Beach, across from the new Royal Farms. In appreciation of our community and, in his words, \u201cthe country that took me in,\u201d owner \u2026 Continue reading \u2192", "IN: Reviews /Showcase /Asian / Vietnamese / Japanese", "Dogfish Head Brewings & Eats" ] }, { "url": "https://www.foodiecrush.com/recipes/", "title": "Recipes foodiecrush", "content": [ "Noodles, Rice, and Grains", "Seasonal: Ssummer", "Gwyneth\u2019s Blueberry Muffins Recipe", "Easy Instant Pot Monkey Bread", "14 Days of Healthy Breakfast Recipe Ideas", "31 Days of Comfort Food Favorites to Make Now", "15 Easy Healthy Breakfast Recipes to Get You Through the Week", "50 Favorite Mediterranean Diet Recipes", "Vegetarian Crockpot Lasagna Soup", "The Best Crispy Oven Roasted Potatoes", "Easy Creamy Au Gratin Potatoes", "Ina Garten\u2019s Easy Cioppino Recipe", "Mom\u2019s Easy Fudge Recipe", "Creamy Tropical Fruit Slushies", "Blueberry Oatmeal Quick Bread", "Easy 3-Ingredient Chocolate Sauce for Ice Cream", "Chocolate Chip Sandwich Cookie Pops with Nutella\u00ae", "17 Friday Night Homemade Pizza Recipes to Make This Fall", "How to Make a Blended Iced Mocha", "A Healthier Sparkling Elderflower Fizz Cocktail", "Pomegranate and Orange Champagne Punch", "5 Easy Tips for Juicy Roast Chicken", "Noodles, Rice and Grains", "30 Days of Soups, Stews, and Chilis Made to Keep Winter Warm", "Curry Lentil Soup with Butternut Squash and Greens", "How to Cook Instant Pot Chicken Breasts (from Fresh or Frozen)", "Italian Chicken Wrap", "Healthy Homemade Egg McMuffin", "Easy Quick Roasted Tomatoes", "The Best Greek Chicken Marinade", "50 Easy Slow Cooker Dinner Recipe Ideas", "Seasona: Summer", "30 Easy Comfort Food Casseroles to Make in November", "Buttermilk Blue Cheese Mashed Potatoes" ] }, { "url": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/03/01/why-the-word-foodie-is-terrible-and-needs-to-go-away/", "title": "Stop calling yourself a foodie The Washington Post", "content": [ "Stop calling yourself a \u2018foodie\u2019", "By Roberto A. Ferdman", "(Amy King/The Washington Post; iStock)", "In late 1984, The New York Times published a piece that was, at least indirectly, about a word we could all do without. The story covered the release of The Official Foodie Handbook by journalists Ann Barr and Paul Levy, which chronicled, among other things, the lives of food lovers around the world. They were food adventure seekers, culinary addicts who were interested in all food experiences, refined and not.", "A foodie, the authors wrote, is a person who is very, very, very interested in food.", "The two weren t the first to utter the term \u2014 that appears to have been Gael Greene, who used it in a 1980 column for New York Magazine, according to etymologist Barry Popik. Nor, as it happened, were they the last. But for years, the word was used sparingly. A populist food critic might have been described as a foodie. A gustatory pleasure seeker with the time and money to invest in obscure cooking methods, niche coffee roasting techniques, and not-to-be-missed meals might have earned the distinction too. It wasn t a compliment, it was just a descriptor. It was an unpretentious way to categorize a growing but still relatively small group of people.", "And then it wasn t.", "A look at Google Ngram, which tracks the frequency of words in digitized books, shows the word was nonexistent until it appeared in the early 1980s, but its use grew quickly shortly after the publication of Barr and Levy s book.", "A peek at Google Trends, which tracks the relative frequency with which people search for various things, tells a similar story. Interest in the word foodie, which seems to have piqued popular interest in late 2006, is trending at its highest ever. People are typing it in and pressing go.", "Of course, you don t need Google s data to know the word is everywhere. You have heard it, I am sure, if not today then yesterday, and if not yesterday then the day before. It is inescapable.", "Everyone is a foodie", "Over time, the word has undergone an all-too-familiar transformation, bubbling up to a point of ubiquity that has stripped the word of any semblance of meaning. On a good day \u2014 or bad, depending on how you look at it \u2014 most people would qualify as a foodie to someone. The net the word casts is just too wide.", "When asked about the word in 2012, Philipino restaurateur Elbert Cuenca had this to say:", "It has come to the point of being bastardized. The word \u2018foodie,\u2019 which is nothing more than a modern-day casual substitute for \u2018gourmet,\u2019 has been relegated to mean anyone who likes food and/or eats out a lot. But who doesn\u2019t like food? Who doesn\u2019t eat out a lot?", "The answer, on the off chance there is any doubt, is not that many people.", "It s no wonder that the word is bemoaned by so many people who work within the world the term glorifies. Chefs hate it, because it empowers their customers to feign knowledge about things they don t actually understand. Mark Bittman doesn t care for it, because it too often reveres rather than challenges the current and flawed food system. Nor does British journalist and gourmand John Lanchester, who chronicled his frustration with mass foodie -ism in a 2014 New Yorker piece.", "This is how he explained it:", "Everyone\u2019s a critic, they say, and that\u2019s certainly true of the food world today. Of course, everyone has always been a critic, in the sense that customers have always made the most basic judgment of all: Do I want to come back to this joint? But there\u2019s a contemporary development with respect to volume, in the dual sense of quantity and loudness. The volume of all this critical chatter is turned way up, and it\u2019s harder than ever to ignore. Food is my favorite thing to talk about and to learn about, but an interest that is reasonable on a personal and an individual scale has grown out of all proportion in the wider culture.", "Among the list of major publications that have published something that argues, in so many words, that the term foodie is awful: The Huffington Post, The Daily Beast, The New York Times, and Saveur.", "The Observer, meanwhile, took its contempt a step further, coining a new term in 2009 to mock those who embrace its predecessor: Foodiots.", "We see it in the meticulous record-keeping of eating habits on personal blogs. The ubiquitous Facebook updates and tweets about subscribers\u2019 most recent meals. (Surely you also have those five or so friends whose feeds are 90 percent food-consumption-related?) The requisite iPhone pic before a certain kind of diner\u2014let\u2019s call him a foodiot\u2014ravages his plate.", "But it still appears everywhere", "There is no shortage of public foodie resentment. From people in the know, people whose opinions so-called foodies should, theoretically, value highly, no less. And yet, despite the heaping piles of expertly deglazed vitriol, the word persists.", "There are obvious (ab)users, who use the word readily and unironically, the sort who post really close pictures of everything they eat or watch hours of food television each day without ever learning how to work an oven.", "But there are others, too, who have usurped the word in arguably more upsetting ways.", "Just this past Monday, the National Restaurant Association published its latest industry forecast. In it, you ll find this doozy: Here\u2019s a profile of the American Foodie 2.0.", "Foodie has become a marketing weapon, a buzzword which companies regurgitate in whatever form suits the pitch. There are dating sites for foodies , blogs about Paleo foodie -ism (an oxymoron, if I ve ever heard one), even business-help pieces about how companies can better target foodies.", "I can t think of anywhere the word foodie appears more often in my life than in my email inbox, where PR pitches seem to invoke it at every opportunity. A recent search turned up dozens of results \u2014 hundreds more when I extended the search to my spam folder. One of the more recent examples (which went unanswered) was about a list of the Best Cities for Food Trucks in the U.S. Foodies today are considered hip, it read, as though it were written by someone s grandparents.", "The irony too many miss", "The problem with the word foodie, which many have hopefully gleaned by this point, boils down to a simple truth: You can\u2019t possibly call yourself a foodie if you\u2019re actually a foodie. There is a great irony in describing yourself as a food insider in a way no actual food insider ever would. The act itself precludes you from being part of the world you want to associate yourself with. The word doubles as a compliment and an insult, depending on who utters it.", "In this sense, using the word foodie is like wearing an outfit that was fashionable years before, long enough ago that it s no longer in style but not long enough ago for some to mistake it as still being cool. The analogy, of course, doesn t end there, because those same people wearing what was all the rage five years ago are also announcing that they should be thought of as members of the fashion-obsessed squad.", "There s nothing wrong with food populism. It s this very trend, after all, that has helped buoy the food movement, which is slowly reversing how disconnected we have all become from the production of our food. But some things have clearly been lost in the collective trek toward announcing whenever possible how much we like to eat.", "Among them, is how Levy, one the term s pioneers, first encountered the term: as an insult. This is how he explained it in a 2007 piece published in The Guardian:", "In late 1981 Ann Barr, then features editor of Harper s & Queen, noticed the food world was shifting on its tectonic plates, and that perfectly sane people had suddenly become obsessed with every aspect of food.", "She invited readers to write in and immediately received several attacks upon a greedy, single-minded and highly visible food-obsessive who wrote in the magazine at the time - me. Thus it was that, in the issue of August 1982, I was derided in the anonymous article (edited, as it happens, by me) as the ghastly, his-stomach-is-bigger-than-his-eyes, original, appetite-unsuppressed, lip-smacking king foodie. I had to sign a legal undertaking not to sue the magazine or myself for libel.", "It s fitting, isn t it, how we have come full circle?", "Roberto A. Ferdman Roberto A. Ferdman was a reporter for Wonkblog covering food, economics, and other things. He left The Washington Post in June 2016." ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foodie", "title": "Foodie Wikipedia", "content": [ "Foodies redirects here. For the web series, see Foodies (web series).", "A foodie is a person who has an ardent or refined interest in food[1] and who eats food not only out of hunger but due to their interest or hobby. The terms gastronome and gourmet define the same thing, i.e. a person who enjoys food for pleasure.", "1 Earliest uses of the word", "2 Pursuits", "Earliest uses of the word[edit]", "The foodie \u2014not as elitist as a gourmet, more discriminating than a glutton\u2014was first named in print in the early 1980s. The term came into use almost simultaneously in the United States and Britain. Priority goes to Gael Greene, who, in June 1980, wrote in New York Magazine of a character who slips into the small Art Deco dining room of Restaurant d Olympe ... to graze cheeks with her devotees, serious foodies. [2] Immediately afterwards the foodie was defined in the British press. Ann Barr, features editor of the London magazine Harper s & Queen, had asked readers to comment on a then-new obsession with food. Several readers responses named Paul Levy, food writer on the same magazine, as the perfect example. Levy played along,[3] contributing an anonymous article in August 1982, defining the term ( Foodies are foodist. They dislike and despise all non-foodies )[4] and characterizing himself as the ghastly, his-stomach-is-bigger-than-his-eyes, original, appetite-unsuppressed, lip-smacking king foodie .[3] The word gained currency rapidly, partly because Barr and Levy followed up with a book, The Official Foodie Handbook, published in 1984.[5]", "Pursuits[edit]", "Foodies are a distinct hobbyist group. Typical foodie interests and activities include the food industry, wineries and wine tasting, breweries and beer sampling, food science, following restaurant openings and closings and occasionally reopenings, food distribution, food fads, health and nutrition, cooking classes, culinary tourism, and restaurant management. A foodie might develop a particular interest in a specific item, such as the best egg cream or burrito. Many publications have food columns that cater to foodies and many of the websites carrying the name foodie have become popular amongst the foodies.[6] Interest by foodies in the 1980s and 1990s gave rise to the Food Network and other specialized food programming, popular films and television shows about food such as Top Chef and Iron Chef, a renaissance in specialized cookbooks, specialized periodicals such as Gourmet Magazine and Cook s Illustrated, growing popularity of farmers markets,[7] food-oriented websites like Zagat s and Yelp, publishing and reading food blogs like Foodbeast and foodieworld, specialized kitchenware stores like Williams-Sonoma and Sur La Table, and the institution of the celebrity chef.", "Foodies have a significant social media presence; food lovers have created their own YouTube channels where they show what they cook and where they eat around the world.[8] It has also become a common practice to take photos of food and beverages consumed at home or outside and share them on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, or other media in a form of food porn.[9]", "Chris Onstad, author of the webcomic Achewood and the author of The Achewood Cookbook, stated a dislike for the term. Onstad said There are so many words that already describe the concept of people who like food, or enjoy cooking, or enjoy knowing about cooking. Foodie : It s like the infantile diminutive\u2014you put a y on the end of everything to make it childlike. We don t need it. It s embarrassing. Girl, I m a foodie. Like oh my God. [10]", "Many journalists, like Roberto A. Ferdman, author of Stop Calling Yourself a Foodie in the Washington Post, also criticize the word saying There is a great irony in describing yourself as a food insider in a way no actual food insider ever would. [11] Ferdman claims that people who associate themselves with being a foodie are in fact distancing themselves from the group they wish to be associated with. The author then states that there is nothing wrong with having an interest in food, in fact this popular trend is helping the food movement thrive. Ferdman s main argument is that since the word is so widely used, its meaning has become ubiquitous and some meaning is lost upon the need to constantly announce how much someone likes to eat.", "Dutch pranksters tricked self-identified foodies at a food Expo to mistake McDonald s fast food for refined gourmet presentations.[12]", "Barr, A. & Levy, P. (1984). The official foodie handbook. Arbor House. ISBN 978-0852233436", "Getz, D., Robinson, R., Vujcic, S. & Andersson, T. (2015). Foodies and food tourism. Goodfellow Publishers, Credo Reference.", "Johnston, J. & Baumann, S. (2014). Foodies: Democracy and distinction in the gourmet landscape. Routledge. ISBN 978-1138015128", "Leer, J. & Povlsen, K.K. (2016). Food and media: practices, distinctions and heterotopias. Routledge. ISBN 978-1317134527", "Long, Lucy M. (Ed.) (2010). Culinary tourism. University of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0813129853", "Rousseau, Signe. (2012). Food and social media: you are what you tweet. Altamira Press. ISBN 978-0759120433", "^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (4th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 1992. ISBN 978-0-395-82517-4.", "^ G. Greene in New York Magazine (2 June 1980); Oxford English Dictionary at foodie", "^ a b Paul Levy, What is a foodie? in The Guardian (14 June 2007)", "^ V. Woods [editor] in Harpers & Queen (August 1982); Oxford English Dictionary at foodie", "^ Ann Barr and Paul Levy, The Official Foodie Handbook. London: Ebury Press, 1984. ISBN 0 85223 348 5", "^ Brew & Chew . Jayanth Dev India s Best Online Review Site.", "^ The Healthy Foodie (July 31, 2008). Canadian Farmers Markets: Where to Find Them . AOL Life & Style. Archived from the original on September 1, 2008. Retrieved May 5, 2009.", "^ Holmberg, Christopher (2014-03-05). Food And Social Media \u2014 A Complicated Relationship . Huffington Post. Retrieved 2018-01-20.", "^ Kugel, Alison (2017-06-01). How Food Porn Posted on Social Media Has Become an Industry . Entrepreneur. Retrieved 2018-01-20.", "^ Norton, James. Chow down, dude. Salon. Tuesday April 10, 2007. Retrieved on July 23, 2011.", "^ Stop calling yourself a foodie . Washington Post. Retrieved 2016-10-26.", "^ Dutch pranksters trick foodies into thinking McDonald\u2019s is gourmet food", "Look up foodie in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.", "World Food Travel Association", "Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foodie&oldid=937463966", "Food and drink appreciation" ] } ] }, "timestamp": null }, { "action": "Wizard => Apprentice", "text": "That sounds interesting! I bet the show is pretty popular with foodies! Do you consider yourself a foodie?", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.food.ee/", "title": "Build Your Office Meal Program with Foodee All in one", "content": [ "Local Food. Company Culture.", "Bring your team together for a meal they ll love.", "Corporate meal delivery, your way.", "CATERED MEALS DELIVERED TO YOUR TEAM", "Our service is stress free, on time and easy to customize", "Our owner-operated restaurants favor quality, variety and sustainability", "WE GET CULTURE", "Our meals strengthen company culture by bringing teams together", "Delivering Food That Makes A Difference", "See what we re all about below", "Bring fresh delicious, healthy meals from locally owned restaurants and neighborhood favorites for any event you re planning. Morning, day or night, you re supporting local businesses when you order with Foodee.", "Trusted By Innovative Teams", "Find us in these cities across North America", "Find your city Atlanta Austin Boulder Columbus Denver Minneapolis Philadelphia Pittsburgh Toronto Vancouver", "Create an account and start ordering team meals. Feed your people now.", "Think of it as a lunch date with a pleasant internet stranger. Try before you buy." ] }, { "url": "https://rehobothfoodie.com/", "title": "The Rehoboth Foodie DE Restaurant Reviews", "content": [ "Upstate Gems: Pizza by Elizabeth\u2019s + La Baguette", "Starting at 3 this Saturday 2/23 on Delaware 105.9FM, meet Betsy LeRoy, the creator of Greenville\u2019s Pizza By Elizabeth\u2019s restaurant. She is joined by her rock star husband, Ben (remember The Snap?). Did you know there used to be a \u2026 Continue reading \u2192", "Delivery Restaurants Dining al fresco Tipsy? Call A Cab!", "The Pint: The Dublin Cakes", "What is blue cheese, and why would I eat moldy cheese just because my spouse said I should?", "Lupo Italian Kitchen: Bucatini with peas & pancetta", "Blackwall Hitch: Don t miss the short rib burger", "Kilwins: Cashew Brittle made right before your eyes", "Pig & Publican: The Shotgun", "Conch Island Key West Bar & Grill: Check out the Blue Heaven Burger", "Cuvee Ray Wine Bar: Perfectly seared scallops", "Mariachi: Katie and her ultra-frozen margs", "Demystifying Ch\u00e2teauneuf-du-Pape", "I had the pleasure of meeting owner Sue Ryan at the behest of my dearly departed friend Matt Haley. (I love saying \u201cbehest\u201d.) \u201cShe\u2019s a really cool lady,\u201d he told me on the phone, \u201cand I want to help her out. \u2026 Continue reading \u2192", "IN: Reviews /Showcase /Other Area Reviews /Bethany Beach, DE", "Before a restaurant opens, I try to sneak in and grab a few photos for you and maybe even a few food shots if possible. That\u2019s why my preliminary articles are called \u201csneak peek.\u201d But the owners of the brand \u2026 Continue reading \u2192", "IN: Reviews /Showcase /Rehoboth Reviews /American / Traditional /Sneak Peek", "Over the last few years, the Clubhouse at Baywood and their associated catering services went through a reorganization in the food service department. The resulting emails suggested that the takeover by SoDel Concepts was improving things dramatically. Well, after two \u2026 Continue reading \u2192", "IN: Reviews /Other Area Reviews /Angola / Long Neck /Sneak Peek", "Grub isn\u2019t very big, so they don\u2019t stock a whole lot of any one thing. They do, however, have a wide variety of goodies\u2013some of which are unusual. So far, I\u2019ve been lucky and found that elusive small buttermilk, big onion, sour \u2026 Continue reading \u2192", "IN: Reviews /Rehoboth Reviews /Salumerias / Delis / Gourmet Markets / Wine Bars", "Shrimpy\u2019s Snack Shack by the Boardwalk in Rehoboth Beach took over the old Hooked Seafood & Martini Bar space in Midway in late 2018. This is not their first rodeo: Ronald Zseltvay (affectionately known as the way-more-pronounceable Ron Zee), Ray \u2026 Continue reading \u2192", "Vineyard Wine Bar is back! Joe Lertch of The Vineyard Wine Bar & Bistro has finished the extensive fitup and cleanup needed to reopen his Rehoboth location of Vineyard Wine Bar & Bistro in downtown Rehoboth after the stinky fire \u2026 Continue reading \u2192", "IN: Reviews /Showcase /Rehoboth Reviews /Salumerias / Delis / Gourmet Markets / Wine Bars", "Tonya and Francesco Agostino\u2019s new Azzurro Italian Oven and Bar is up and running in the old Chez la Mer / Papa Grande\u2019s location at 210 Second St. at Wilmington Ave. in Rehoboth. The very first thing that will strike \u2026 Continue reading \u2192", "IN: Reviews /Showcase /Italian", "Minh\u2019s Bistro, Rehoboth\u2019s first Vietnamese restaurant, is in the new Schell building at Rt. 24 in Rehoboth Beach, across from the new Royal Farms. In appreciation of our community and, in his words, \u201cthe country that took me in,\u201d owner \u2026 Continue reading \u2192", "IN: Reviews /Showcase /Asian / Vietnamese / Japanese", "Dogfish Head Brewings & Eats" ] }, { "url": "https://www.foodiecrush.com/recipes/", "title": "Recipes foodiecrush", "content": [ "Noodles, Rice, and Grains", "Seasonal: Ssummer", "Gwyneth\u2019s Blueberry Muffins Recipe", "Easy Instant Pot Monkey Bread", "14 Days of Healthy Breakfast Recipe Ideas", "31 Days of Comfort Food Favorites to Make Now", "15 Easy Healthy Breakfast Recipes to Get You Through the Week", "50 Favorite Mediterranean Diet Recipes", "Vegetarian Crockpot Lasagna Soup", "The Best Crispy Oven Roasted Potatoes", "Easy Creamy Au Gratin Potatoes", "Ina Garten\u2019s Easy Cioppino Recipe", "Mom\u2019s Easy Fudge Recipe", "Creamy Tropical Fruit Slushies", "Blueberry Oatmeal Quick Bread", "Easy 3-Ingredient Chocolate Sauce for Ice Cream", "Chocolate Chip Sandwich Cookie Pops with Nutella\u00ae", "17 Friday Night Homemade Pizza Recipes to Make This Fall", "How to Make a Blended Iced Mocha", "A Healthier Sparkling Elderflower Fizz Cocktail", "Pomegranate and Orange Champagne Punch", "5 Easy Tips for Juicy Roast Chicken", "Noodles, Rice and Grains", "30 Days of Soups, Stews, and Chilis Made to Keep Winter Warm", "Curry Lentil Soup with Butternut Squash and Greens", "How to Cook Instant Pot Chicken Breasts (from Fresh or Frozen)", "Italian Chicken Wrap", "Healthy Homemade Egg McMuffin", "Easy Quick Roasted Tomatoes", "The Best Greek Chicken Marinade", "50 Easy Slow Cooker Dinner Recipe Ideas", "Seasona: Summer", "30 Easy Comfort Food Casseroles to Make in November", "Buttermilk Blue Cheese Mashed Potatoes" ] }, { "url": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/03/01/why-the-word-foodie-is-terrible-and-needs-to-go-away/", "title": "Stop calling yourself a foodie The Washington Post", "content": [ "Stop calling yourself a \u2018foodie\u2019", "By Roberto A. Ferdman", "(Amy King/The Washington Post; iStock)", "In late 1984, The New York Times published a piece that was, at least indirectly, about a word we could all do without. The story covered the release of The Official Foodie Handbook by journalists Ann Barr and Paul Levy, which chronicled, among other things, the lives of food lovers around the world. They were food adventure seekers, culinary addicts who were interested in all food experiences, refined and not.", "A foodie, the authors wrote, is a person who is very, very, very interested in food.", "The two weren t the first to utter the term \u2014 that appears to have been Gael Greene, who used it in a 1980 column for New York Magazine, according to etymologist Barry Popik. Nor, as it happened, were they the last. But for years, the word was used sparingly. A populist food critic might have been described as a foodie. A gustatory pleasure seeker with the time and money to invest in obscure cooking methods, niche coffee roasting techniques, and not-to-be-missed meals might have earned the distinction too. It wasn t a compliment, it was just a descriptor. It was an unpretentious way to categorize a growing but still relatively small group of people.", "And then it wasn t.", "A look at Google Ngram, which tracks the frequency of words in digitized books, shows the word was nonexistent until it appeared in the early 1980s, but its use grew quickly shortly after the publication of Barr and Levy s book.", "A peek at Google Trends, which tracks the relative frequency with which people search for various things, tells a similar story. Interest in the word foodie, which seems to have piqued popular interest in late 2006, is trending at its highest ever. People are typing it in and pressing go.", "Of course, you don t need Google s data to know the word is everywhere. You have heard it, I am sure, if not today then yesterday, and if not yesterday then the day before. It is inescapable.", "Everyone is a foodie", "Over time, the word has undergone an all-too-familiar transformation, bubbling up to a point of ubiquity that has stripped the word of any semblance of meaning. On a good day \u2014 or bad, depending on how you look at it \u2014 most people would qualify as a foodie to someone. The net the word casts is just too wide.", "When asked about the word in 2012, Philipino restaurateur Elbert Cuenca had this to say:", "It has come to the point of being bastardized. The word \u2018foodie,\u2019 which is nothing more than a modern-day casual substitute for \u2018gourmet,\u2019 has been relegated to mean anyone who likes food and/or eats out a lot. But who doesn\u2019t like food? Who doesn\u2019t eat out a lot?", "The answer, on the off chance there is any doubt, is not that many people.", "It s no wonder that the word is bemoaned by so many people who work within the world the term glorifies. Chefs hate it, because it empowers their customers to feign knowledge about things they don t actually understand. Mark Bittman doesn t care for it, because it too often reveres rather than challenges the current and flawed food system. Nor does British journalist and gourmand John Lanchester, who chronicled his frustration with mass foodie -ism in a 2014 New Yorker piece.", "This is how he explained it:", "Everyone\u2019s a critic, they say, and that\u2019s certainly true of the food world today. Of course, everyone has always been a critic, in the sense that customers have always made the most basic judgment of all: Do I want to come back to this joint? But there\u2019s a contemporary development with respect to volume, in the dual sense of quantity and loudness. The volume of all this critical chatter is turned way up, and it\u2019s harder than ever to ignore. Food is my favorite thing to talk about and to learn about, but an interest that is reasonable on a personal and an individual scale has grown out of all proportion in the wider culture.", "Among the list of major publications that have published something that argues, in so many words, that the term foodie is awful: The Huffington Post, The Daily Beast, The New York Times, and Saveur.", "The Observer, meanwhile, took its contempt a step further, coining a new term in 2009 to mock those who embrace its predecessor: Foodiots.", "We see it in the meticulous record-keeping of eating habits on personal blogs. The ubiquitous Facebook updates and tweets about subscribers\u2019 most recent meals. (Surely you also have those five or so friends whose feeds are 90 percent food-consumption-related?) The requisite iPhone pic before a certain kind of diner\u2014let\u2019s call him a foodiot\u2014ravages his plate.", "But it still appears everywhere", "There is no shortage of public foodie resentment. From people in the know, people whose opinions so-called foodies should, theoretically, value highly, no less. And yet, despite the heaping piles of expertly deglazed vitriol, the word persists.", "There are obvious (ab)users, who use the word readily and unironically, the sort who post really close pictures of everything they eat or watch hours of food television each day without ever learning how to work an oven.", "But there are others, too, who have usurped the word in arguably more upsetting ways.", "Just this past Monday, the National Restaurant Association published its latest industry forecast. In it, you ll find this doozy: Here\u2019s a profile of the American Foodie 2.0.", "Foodie has become a marketing weapon, a buzzword which companies regurgitate in whatever form suits the pitch. There are dating sites for foodies , blogs about Paleo foodie -ism (an oxymoron, if I ve ever heard one), even business-help pieces about how companies can better target foodies.", "I can t think of anywhere the word foodie appears more often in my life than in my email inbox, where PR pitches seem to invoke it at every opportunity. A recent search turned up dozens of results \u2014 hundreds more when I extended the search to my spam folder. One of the more recent examples (which went unanswered) was about a list of the Best Cities for Food Trucks in the U.S. Foodies today are considered hip, it read, as though it were written by someone s grandparents.", "The irony too many miss", "The problem with the word foodie, which many have hopefully gleaned by this point, boils down to a simple truth: You can\u2019t possibly call yourself a foodie if you\u2019re actually a foodie. There is a great irony in describing yourself as a food insider in a way no actual food insider ever would. The act itself precludes you from being part of the world you want to associate yourself with. The word doubles as a compliment and an insult, depending on who utters it.", "In this sense, using the word foodie is like wearing an outfit that was fashionable years before, long enough ago that it s no longer in style but not long enough ago for some to mistake it as still being cool. The analogy, of course, doesn t end there, because those same people wearing what was all the rage five years ago are also announcing that they should be thought of as members of the fashion-obsessed squad.", "There s nothing wrong with food populism. It s this very trend, after all, that has helped buoy the food movement, which is slowly reversing how disconnected we have all become from the production of our food. But some things have clearly been lost in the collective trek toward announcing whenever possible how much we like to eat.", "Among them, is how Levy, one the term s pioneers, first encountered the term: as an insult. This is how he explained it in a 2007 piece published in The Guardian:", "In late 1981 Ann Barr, then features editor of Harper s & Queen, noticed the food world was shifting on its tectonic plates, and that perfectly sane people had suddenly become obsessed with every aspect of food.", "She invited readers to write in and immediately received several attacks upon a greedy, single-minded and highly visible food-obsessive who wrote in the magazine at the time - me. Thus it was that, in the issue of August 1982, I was derided in the anonymous article (edited, as it happens, by me) as the ghastly, his-stomach-is-bigger-than-his-eyes, original, appetite-unsuppressed, lip-smacking king foodie. I had to sign a legal undertaking not to sue the magazine or myself for libel.", "It s fitting, isn t it, how we have come full circle?", "Roberto A. Ferdman Roberto A. Ferdman was a reporter for Wonkblog covering food, economics, and other things. He left The Washington Post in June 2016." ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foodie", "title": "Foodie Wikipedia", "content": [ "Foodies redirects here. For the web series, see Foodies (web series).", "A foodie is a person who has an ardent or refined interest in food[1] and who eats food not only out of hunger but due to their interest or hobby. The terms gastronome and gourmet define the same thing, i.e. a person who enjoys food for pleasure.", "1 Earliest uses of the word", "2 Pursuits", "Earliest uses of the word[edit]", "The foodie \u2014not as elitist as a gourmet, more discriminating than a glutton\u2014was first named in print in the early 1980s. The term came into use almost simultaneously in the United States and Britain. Priority goes to Gael Greene, who, in June 1980, wrote in New York Magazine of a character who slips into the small Art Deco dining room of Restaurant d Olympe ... to graze cheeks with her devotees, serious foodies. [2] Immediately afterwards the foodie was defined in the British press. Ann Barr, features editor of the London magazine Harper s & Queen, had asked readers to comment on a then-new obsession with food. Several readers responses named Paul Levy, food writer on the same magazine, as the perfect example. Levy played along,[3] contributing an anonymous article in August 1982, defining the term ( Foodies are foodist. They dislike and despise all non-foodies )[4] and characterizing himself as the ghastly, his-stomach-is-bigger-than-his-eyes, original, appetite-unsuppressed, lip-smacking king foodie .[3] The word gained currency rapidly, partly because Barr and Levy followed up with a book, The Official Foodie Handbook, published in 1984.[5]", "Pursuits[edit]", "Foodies are a distinct hobbyist group. Typical foodie interests and activities include the food industry, wineries and wine tasting, breweries and beer sampling, food science, following restaurant openings and closings and occasionally reopenings, food distribution, food fads, health and nutrition, cooking classes, culinary tourism, and restaurant management. A foodie might develop a particular interest in a specific item, such as the best egg cream or burrito. Many publications have food columns that cater to foodies and many of the websites carrying the name foodie have become popular amongst the foodies.[6] Interest by foodies in the 1980s and 1990s gave rise to the Food Network and other specialized food programming, popular films and television shows about food such as Top Chef and Iron Chef, a renaissance in specialized cookbooks, specialized periodicals such as Gourmet Magazine and Cook s Illustrated, growing popularity of farmers markets,[7] food-oriented websites like Zagat s and Yelp, publishing and reading food blogs like Foodbeast and foodieworld, specialized kitchenware stores like Williams-Sonoma and Sur La Table, and the institution of the celebrity chef.", "Foodies have a significant social media presence; food lovers have created their own YouTube channels where they show what they cook and where they eat around the world.[8] It has also become a common practice to take photos of food and beverages consumed at home or outside and share them on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, or other media in a form of food porn.[9]", "Chris Onstad, author of the webcomic Achewood and the author of The Achewood Cookbook, stated a dislike for the term. Onstad said There are so many words that already describe the concept of people who like food, or enjoy cooking, or enjoy knowing about cooking. Foodie : It s like the infantile diminutive\u2014you put a y on the end of everything to make it childlike. We don t need it. It s embarrassing. Girl, I m a foodie. Like oh my God. [10]", "Many journalists, like Roberto A. Ferdman, author of Stop Calling Yourself a Foodie in the Washington Post, also criticize the word saying There is a great irony in describing yourself as a food insider in a way no actual food insider ever would. [11] Ferdman claims that people who associate themselves with being a foodie are in fact distancing themselves from the group they wish to be associated with. The author then states that there is nothing wrong with having an interest in food, in fact this popular trend is helping the food movement thrive. Ferdman s main argument is that since the word is so widely used, its meaning has become ubiquitous and some meaning is lost upon the need to constantly announce how much someone likes to eat.", "Dutch pranksters tricked self-identified foodies at a food Expo to mistake McDonald s fast food for refined gourmet presentations.[12]", "Barr, A. & Levy, P. (1984). The official foodie handbook. Arbor House. ISBN 978-0852233436", "Getz, D., Robinson, R., Vujcic, S. & Andersson, T. (2015). Foodies and food tourism. Goodfellow Publishers, Credo Reference.", "Johnston, J. & Baumann, S. (2014). Foodies: Democracy and distinction in the gourmet landscape. Routledge. ISBN 978-1138015128", "Leer, J. & Povlsen, K.K. (2016). Food and media: practices, distinctions and heterotopias. Routledge. ISBN 978-1317134527", "Long, Lucy M. (Ed.) (2010). Culinary tourism. University of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0813129853", "Rousseau, Signe. (2012). Food and social media: you are what you tweet. Altamira Press. ISBN 978-0759120433", "^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (4th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 1992. ISBN 978-0-395-82517-4.", "^ G. Greene in New York Magazine (2 June 1980); Oxford English Dictionary at foodie", "^ a b Paul Levy, What is a foodie? in The Guardian (14 June 2007)", "^ V. Woods [editor] in Harpers & Queen (August 1982); Oxford English Dictionary at foodie", "^ Ann Barr and Paul Levy, The Official Foodie Handbook. London: Ebury Press, 1984. ISBN 0 85223 348 5", "^ Brew & Chew . Jayanth Dev India s Best Online Review Site.", "^ The Healthy Foodie (July 31, 2008). Canadian Farmers Markets: Where to Find Them . AOL Life & Style. Archived from the original on September 1, 2008. Retrieved May 5, 2009.", "^ Holmberg, Christopher (2014-03-05). Food And Social Media \u2014 A Complicated Relationship . Huffington Post. Retrieved 2018-01-20.", "^ Kugel, Alison (2017-06-01). How Food Porn Posted on Social Media Has Become an Industry . Entrepreneur. Retrieved 2018-01-20.", "^ Norton, James. Chow down, dude. Salon. Tuesday April 10, 2007. Retrieved on July 23, 2011.", "^ Stop calling yourself a foodie . Washington Post. Retrieved 2016-10-26.", "^ Dutch pranksters trick foodies into thinking McDonald\u2019s is gourmet food", "Look up foodie in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.", "World Food Travel Association", "Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foodie&oldid=937463966", "Food and drink appreciation" ] } ], "selected_contents": [ [ false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ] ] }, "timestamp": 1616077736 }, { "action": "Apprentice => Wizard", "text": "Yes, it really is. I enjoy that there is no story line, so anyone can start watching and not feel like they missed an important part of the plot. Yes, it is a foodie favorite. I am a foodie, yes. But I'm also picky.", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077829 }, { "action": "Wizard => Apprentice", "text": "All true foodies are picky. Do you like to cook in general, or do you prefer to go to restaurants?", "context": { "contents": [], "selected_contents": [ [ true ] ] }, "timestamp": 1616077888 }, { "action": "Apprentice => Wizard", "text": "Both. I like to cook because I think it is an important skill to have. But I also love eating out. I don't have to do dishes or think of a meal. ", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077933 } ], "start_timestamp": 1616077187 }, "3846": { "apprentice_persona": "My favorite actor is Tom Hanks.\nIt's absolutely incredible how many hit movies Tom Hanks has put out", "dialog_history": [ { "action": "Apprentice => Wizard", "text": "What is your favorite Tom Hanks movie of them all?", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077410 }, { "action": "Wizard => SearchAgent", "text": "Tom Hanks movies", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077429 }, { "action": "SearchAgent => Wizard", "text": "", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000158/", "title": "Tom Hanks IMDb", "content": [ "Producer | Actor | Soundtrack", "Thomas Jeffrey Hanks was born in Concord, California, to Janet Marylyn (Frager), a hospital worker, and Amos Mefford Hanks, an itinerant cook. His mother s family, originally surnamed Fraga , was entirely Portuguese, while his father was of mostly English ancestry. Tom grew up in what he has called a fractured family. He moved around a great ... See full bio \u00bb", "July 9, 1956 in Concord, California, USA", "Forrest Gump Star Gary Sinise Receives a Tear-Jerking Tribute For His Military Charity Work", "This Is Us: Susan Kelechi Watson on How Beth Is Finding Her Identity Apart From Randall", "Lego\u2019s new Toy Story 4 tie-in sets unveiled", "Sun, Feb 17 12:30 AM EST on AMC (277)", "Agent Zigzag", "A Wilderness of Monkeys", "Untitled Battle of the Sexes Project", "Untitled Barry Manilow Project", "Editors Picks: Our Favorites From the Week of Nov. 11", "10 Paul Newman Facts You May Not Know", "Top 25 Best Performances By A Leading Man", "Talented & Hardworking Artists", "How much of Tom Hanks s work have you seen?", "Clich\u00e9s in Romantic Movies", "Highest grossing movie-stars - where it all began", "Not Every Tom, Dick And Harry Can Act", "If it Weren t Bryan Cranston, Who Else Could Best Pull Off the Role of Walter White?", "Which male gave the greatest performance in a Mike Nichols film?", "Cast Away Producer", "Saving Private Ryan Captain Miller", "Big Josh", "Jump to: Producer | Actor | Soundtrack | Writer | Director | Thanks | Self | Archive footage", "Lewis and Clark (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 6 episodes) (announced)", "A Man Called Ove (producer) (announced)", "Beautiful (producer) (announced)", "2020 No Better Place to Die (executive producer) (announced)", "2019 Greyhound (producer) (post-production)", "2018 The 2000s (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 7 episodes)", "- I Want My MP3 (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- Yes We Can (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- The Financial Crisis (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- The i Decade (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- Quagmire: Bush s Second Term (2018) ... (executive producer)", "2018 Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again (executive producer)", "2018 1968: The Year That Changed America (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 4 episodes)", "- Part Four: Fall (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- Part Three: Summer (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- Part Two: Spring (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- Part One: Winter (2018) ... (executive producer)", "2017 Mark Felt: The Man Who Brought Down the White House (producer)", "2017 The Nineties (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 7 episodes)", "- Isn t It Ironic (2017) ... (executive producer)", "- The Information Age (2017) ... (executive producer)", "- Terrorism Hits Home (2017) ... (executive producer)", "- New World Order (2017) ... (executive producer)", "- Can We All Get Along? (2017) ... (executive producer)", "2017 The 2017 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony (TV Movie) (executive producer)", "2016 The Eighties (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 7 episodes)", "- The Tech Boom (2016) ... (executive producer)", "- The Fight Against AIDS (2016) ... (executive producer)", "- Video Killed the Radio Star (2016) ... (executive producer)", "- Greed Is Good (2016) ... (executive producer)", "- Tear Down This Wall (2016) ... (executive producer)", "2016 My Big Fat Greek Wedding 2 (producer)", "2015 Ithaca (executive producer)", "2015 The Seventies (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 8 episodes)", "- What s Goin On (2015) ... (executive producer)", "- Terror at Home and Abroad (2015) ... (executive producer)", "- Battle of the Sexes (2015) ... (executive producer)", "- The State of the Union Is Not Good (2015) ... (executive producer)", "- Crimes & Cults (2015) ... (executive producer)", "2014 The Concert for Valor (TV Special) (executive producer)", "2014 Olive Kitteridge (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 4 episodes)", "- Security (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- A Different Road (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- Incoming Tide (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- Pharmacy (2014) ... (executive producer)", "2014 The Sixties (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 10 episodes)", "- Sex, Drugs and Rock N Roll (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- The Times They Are A-Changin (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- 1968 (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- The Space Race (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- The British Invasion (2014) ... (executive producer)", "2013 The Assassination of President Kennedy (TV Movie documentary) (executive producer)", "2013 Parkland (producer)", "2013 The 2013 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony (TV Special) (executive producer)", "2012 Electric City (TV Series short) (producer)", "2012 Game Change (TV Movie) (executive producer)", "2011 He Has Seen War (Documentary) (executive producer)", "2011 Larry Crowne (producer)", "2011 The 3 Minute Talk Show (TV Series) (executive producer - 12 episodes)", "- Robin Williams (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Jimmy Fallon/Rico Rodriguez (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Wilmer Valderrama (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Nia Vardalos (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Lance Bass (2011) ... (executive producer)", "2006-2011 Big Love (TV Series) (executive producer - 51 episodes)", "- Where Men and Mountains Meet (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Exorcism (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- The Noose Tightens (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Til Death Do Us Part (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- D.I.V.O.R.C.E. (2011) ... (executive producer)", "2010 The Pacific (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 10 episodes)", "- Home (2010) ... (executive producer)", "- Okinawa (2010) ... (executive producer)", "- Iwo Jima (2010) ... (executive producer)", "- Peleliu Hills (2010) ... (executive producer)", "- Peleliu Airfield (2010) ... (executive producer)", "2009 The 25th Anniversary Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Concert (TV Special) (executive producer)", "2009 Beyond All Boundaries (Short) (executive producer)", "2009 Where the Wild Things Are (producer)", "2009 My Life in Ruins (executive producer)", "2008 City of Ember (producer)", "2008 Mamma Mia! (executive producer)", "2008 David McCullough: Painting with Words (TV Movie documentary) (producer)", "2008 John Adams (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 7 episodes)", "- Peacefield (2008) ... (executive producer)", "- Unnecessary War (2008) ... (executive producer)", "- Unite or Die (2008) ... (executive producer)", "- Reunion (2008) ... (executive producer)", "- Don t Tread on Me (2008) ... (executive producer)", "2008 The Great Buck Howard (producer)", "2007 Charlie Wilson s War (producer)", "2007 Evan Almighty (executive producer)", "2007 Big Love: In the Beginning (TV Series) (executive producer - 3 episodes)", "- Post-Partum (2007) ... (executive producer)", "- Moving Day (2007) ... (executive producer)", "- Meet the Babysitter (2007) ... (executive producer)", "2006 Starter for 10 (producer)", "2006 The Ant Bully (producer)", "2006 Neil Young: Heart of Gold (Documentary) (producer)", "2005 We re with the Band (TV Movie documentary) (producer)", "2005 Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon 3D (Documentary short) (producer)", "2004 The Polar Express (executive producer)", "2004 Connie and Carla (producer)", "2003 My Big Fat Greek Life (TV Series) (executive producer)", "2002 My Big Fat Greek Wedding (producer)", "2001 We Stand Alone Together (TV Movie documentary) (executive producer)", "2001 Band of Brothers (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 10 episodes)", "- Points (2001) ... (executive producer)", "- Why We Fight (2001) ... (executive producer)", "- The Last Patrol (2001) ... (executive producer)", "- The Breaking Point (2001) ... (executive producer)", "- Bastogne (2001) ... (executive producer)", "2000 West Point (TV Series) (executive producer - 2000)", "2000 Cast Away (producer)", "2000 American Experience (TV Series documentary) (producer - 1 episode)", "- Return with Honor (2000) ... (producer)", "1998 From the Earth to the Moon (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 12 episodes)", "- The Original Wives Club (1998) ... (executive producer)", "- Le voyage dans la lune (1998) ... (executive producer)", "- Galileo Was Right (1998) ... (executive producer)", "- For Miles and Miles (1998) ... (executive producer)", "- We Interrupt This Program (1998) ... (executive producer)", "A Man Called Ove (announced)", "2020 BIOS (pre-production)", "2019 A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood (post-production)", "2019 Toy Story 4 (post-production)", "2019 Greyhound (post-production)", "2017 The David S. Pumpkins Halloween Special (TV Short)", "2017/I The Circle", "2016/I Inferno", "2016 Sully", "Chesley Sully Sullenberger", "2016 Maya & Marty (TV Series)", "- Jimmy Fallon & Miley Cyrus (2016) ... Gene", "2016 A Hologram for the King", "Matthew Macauley", "2015 Bridge of Spies", "2015 Carly Rae Jepsen: I Really Like You (Video short)", "2014 Toy Story That Time Forgot (TV Short)", "2013 Saving Mr. Banks", "2013 Toy Story of Terror (TV Short)", "2013 Captain Phillips", "2012 Cloud Atlas", "Dr. Henry Goose / Hotel Manager / Isaac Sachs / ...", "2012 Electric City (TV Series short)", "- People Like a Good Show (2012) ... Cleveland Carr (voice)", "- No One Is Untraceable (2012) ... Cleveland Carr (voice)", "- Illumination Night (2012) ... Cleveland Carr (voice)", "- The Outside (2012) ... Cleveland Carr (voice)", "- Such Beauty from a Box (2012) ... Cleveland Carr (voice)", "2011 Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close", "Thomas Schell", "2011 Toy Story Toons: Small Fry (Short)", "- Leroy Petry (2011) ... James Lovell", "2011 Larry Crowne", "- 100: Part 2 (2011) ... Tom Hanks", "2010 The Pacific (TV Mini-Series)", "- Okinawa (2010) ... Narrator (voice, uncredited)", "- Peleliu Hills (2010) ... Narrator (voice, uncredited)", "- Peleliu Airfield (2010) ... Narrator (voice, uncredited)", "- Gloucester/Pavuvu/Banika (2010) ... Narrator (voice, uncredited)", "- Melbourne (2010) ... Narrator (voice, uncredited)", "2009 Beyond All Boundaries (Short)", "Emergency Button Guest / Provider of Sound Effects / Dr. Robert Langdon - Cookie Hunter", "- Episode #17.26 (2009) ... Emergency Button Guest", "- Episode #16.143 (2009) ... Provider of Sound Effects (uncredited)", "- Episode #16.141 (2009) ... Dr. Robert Langdon - Cookie Hunter (uncredited)", "2008 The Great Buck Howard", "Mr. Gable", "2007 Charlie Wilson s War", "2007 The Simpsons Movie", "Tom Hanks (voice)", "Woody Car (voice)", "2004 The Rutles 2: Can t Buy Me Lunch (TV Movie)", "Tom Hanks - Interviewee", "Hero Boy / Father / Conductor / ...", "2004 Elvis Has Left the Building", "Mailbox Elvis", "Viktor Navorski", "Professor G.H. Dorr", "Abraham Lincoln / Charles E. Wood / Jacob Coxey / ...", "- Whose Land Is This? (2003) ... Charles E. Wood", "- Working for Freedom (2003) ... Jacob Coxey", "- Wake Up America (2003) ... Reporter", "- Liberty for All (2003) ... Daniel Boone", "- Independence (2003) ... Paul Revere", "French Officer / British Officer", "- Why We Fight (2001) ... French Officer (uncredited)", "- Crossroads (2001) ... British Officer (uncredited)", "2000 Cast Away", "1999 The Green Mile", "1998 Saving Private Ryan", "1998 From the Earth to the Moon (TV Mini-Series)", "Jean-Luc Despont", "- Le voyage dans la lune (1998) ... Jean-Luc Despont", "1997 The Wonderful World of Disney (TV Series)", "- Toy Story (1997) ... Woody (voice)", "1996 That Thing You Do!", "1995/I Apollo 13", "1994 Vault of Horror I (TV Movie)", "1994 Forrest Gump", "1994 Bruce Springsteen: Streets of Philadelphia (Video short)", "Trouble Boy #1", "- I ll Be Waiting (1993) ... Trouble Boy #1", "1992 A League of Their Own", "Jimmy Dugan", "- None But the Lonely Heart (1992) ... Baxter", "1992 Radio Flyer", "Older Mike (uncredited)", "Sherman McCoy", "1990 Joe Versus the Volcano", "1989 Turner & Hooch", "1989 The Burbs", "1988 Punchline", "1987 Dragnet", "1986 Every Time We Say Goodbye", "1986 Nothing in Common", "David Basner", "1986 The Money Pit", "Walter Fielding", "Lawrence Bourne III", "1985 The Man with One Red Shoe", "1984 Bachelor Party", "Rick Gassko", "1983-1984 Family Ties (TV Series)", "Ned Donnelly", "- Say Uncle (1984) ... Ned Donnelly", "- The Fugitive: Part 2 (1983) ... Ned Donnelly", "1982 Mazes and Monsters (TV Movie)", "1982 Happy Days (TV Series)", "Dr. Dwayne Twitchell", "- A Little Case of Revenge (1982) ... Dr. Dwayne Twitchell", "1982 Taxi (TV Series)", "- The Road Not Taken: Part 1 (1982) ... Gordon", "1980-1982 Bosom Buddies (TV Series)", "Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- Not the Last Picture Show (1982) ... Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- Not with My Sister, You Pig (1982) ... Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- Who s on Thirst? (1982) ... Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- The Way Kip and Henry Were (1982) ... Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- Hildy s Dirt Nap (1982) ... Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- Sergeant Bull/Friends and Lovers/Miss Mother (1980) ... Rick Martin", "1980 He Knows You re Alone", "- Episode dated 26 October 2016 (2016) ... (performer: Big Rap - uncredited)", "2016 Lorraine (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode)", "2016 A Hologram for the King (performer: Once In A Lifetime )", "2015 The Late Late Show with James Corden (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode)", "- Tom Hanks/Mila Kunis (2015) ... (performer: You ve Got a Friend in Me - uncredited)", "2013 Saving Mr. Banks (performer: A Man Has Dreams )", "2011 30 Rock (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode)", "- 100: Part 2 (2011) ... (performer: My Life - uncredited)", "- Tom Hanks/Red Hot Chili Peppers (2006) ... (performer: Please Don t Cut My Testicles )", "2004 The Polar Express (performer: The Polar Express , Hot Chocolate )", "2002 Road to Perdition (performer: Perdition - Piano Duet (2002))", "2000 Cast Away (performer: Light My Fire )", "1999 Toy Story 2 (performer: You ve Got a Friend in Me )", "1996 That Thing You Do! (writer: Lovin You Lots and Lots , It s Not Far , La Se\u00f1ora De Dos Costas , Mr. Downtown , Voyage Around the Moon , Hold My Hand, Hold My Heart , Will You Marry Me? , Spartacus , Hollywood Showcase Theme )", "1990 Joe Versus the Volcano (performer: The Cowboy Song )", "1987 Dragnet (performer: City of Crime )", "1980-1982 Bosom Buddies (TV Series) (performer - 4 episodes)", "- The Way Kip and Henry Were (1982) ... (performer: Stay )", "- The Show Must Go On (1981) ... (performer: Breaking Up Is Hard to Do )", "- Loathe Thy Neighbor (1980) ... (performer: It s Not Unusual )", "- Pilot (1980) ... (performer: Macho Man )", "2019 Greyhound (screenplay) (post-production)", "2012 Electric City (TV Series short) (creator - 2 episodes)", "- The Voice of the City (2012) ... (creator)", "- Truth or Consequence (2012) ... (creator)", "2011 Larry Crowne (written by)", "2005 Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon 3D (Documentary short) (written by)", "2001 Band of Brothers (TV Mini-Series) (teleplay - 1 episode)", "- Currahee (2001) ... (teleplay)", "1998 From the Earth to the Moon (TV Mini-Series) (written by - 4 episodes)", "- The Original Wives Club (1998) ... (written by)", "- Le voyage dans la lune (1998) ... (written by)", "- That s All There Is (1998) ... (written by)", "- Mare Tranquilitatis (1998) ... (written by)", "1996 That Thing You Do! (written by)", "2001 Band of Brothers (TV Mini-Series) (1 episode)", "- Crossroads (2001)", "1998 From the Earth to the Moon (TV Mini-Series) (1 episode)", "- Can We Do This? (1998)", "1994 Vault of Horror I (TV Movie) (segment None but the lonely heart )", "1993 Fallen Angels (TV Series) (1 episode)", "- I ll Be Waiting (1993)", "1993 A League of Their Own (TV Series) (1 episode)", "- The Monkey s Curse (1993)", "1992 Tales from the Crypt (TV Series) (1 episode)", "- None But the Lonely Heart (1992)", "2018/I Generations (very special thanks)", "2018 Sweding: Boss in the gym (Short) (special thanks)", "2017 Name That Film (TV Series) (special thanks - 1 episode)", "- She Did It Right (2017) ... (special thanks)", "2014 Walking the Mile (Director s Cut) (Video documentary) (special thanks)", "2011 The Extraordinary Voyage (Documentary) (many thanks)", "2011 Corman s World: Exploits of a Hollywood Rebel (Documentary) (thanks)", "2010/I I m Still Here (special thanks)", "2010/II Morning (special thanks)", "2009 All the Presidents Movies: The Movie (Documentary) (thanks)", "2008 Surfer, Dude (very special thanks)", "2008 The Wackness (very special thanks)", "2007 Lose Weight with Cancer (Short) (very special thanks)", "2006 The Sci-Fi Boys (Documentary) (special thanks)", "2006 Who Killed the Electric Car? (Documentary) (special thanks)", "2004 The Polar Express (Video Game) (special thanks)", "2003 Concert for George (Video documentary) (special thanks)", "2002 Making a Splash (Video documentary short) (thanks)", "2001 The Making of Band of Brothers (TV Short documentary) (special thanks)", "2000 Walking the Mile (Video documentary short) (special thanks)", "1996 Lost Moon: The Triumph of Apollo 13 (Video documentary) (special thanks)", "1995 The Crypt Keeper Presents: A Spine-Tingling Look at Tales from the Crypt (Documentary short) (special thanks)", "- Tom Hanks (2019) ... Himself - Guest", "- If Visions of Sugarplums Last More Than Four Hours, Please Call Your Physician (2013) ... Himself - Guest", "- 50,000,000 Connie Selleca Fans Can t Be Wrong (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Murder, She Tweeted (2010) ... Himself - Guest", "2018 The Mayo Clinic, Faith, Hope and Science (TV Movie documentary)", "2018 Quincy (Documentary)", "2018 Beyond Boundaries: The Harvey Weinstein Scandal (Documentary)", "2018 The 2000s (TV Series documentary)", "- The i Decade (2018) ... Himself - Actor", "- The Platinum Age Of Television (2018) ... Himself - Actor", "Himself - Executive Producer / Himself - Plays Ben Bradlee / Himself - Guest", "- Episode dated 17 July 2018 (2018) ... Himself - Executive Producer", "- Episode dated 11 January 2018 (2018) ... Himself - Plays Ben Bradlee", "Himself / Robert Langdon", "- Part Four: Fall (2018) ... Himself - Actor", "- Part Two: Spring (2018) ... Himself - Actor", "- Part One: Winter (2018) ... Himself - Actor", "2018 The Post: Stop the Presses - Filming the Post (Documentary short)", "2018 The Post: The Style Section - Re-Creating an Era (Documentary short)", "2018 C \u00e0 vous (TV Series)", "- Tom Hanks/Maisie Williams/Anthony Joshua/First Aid Kit (2018) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Joseph Gordon-Levitt/Gemma Arterton/Mo Farah/Olly Murs (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Peter Capaldi/David Walliams/Duran Duran (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Nicole Scherzinger/Simon Pegg (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Meryl Streep (2018) ... Himself - Guest", "- Ellen s Season 14 Premiere Week: Day 4 (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Andrew McCutchen (2013) ... Himself - Guest", "- Jodie Foster/Tom Hanks (2017) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Katy Tur/Mac DeMarco (2017) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Anna Baryshnikov (2017) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Adam Conover (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Leslie Odom, Jr./The Strumbellas/Roy Haynes (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- Meryl Streep; Tom Hanks; Mark Weinberg (2017) ... Himself - Guest", "2017 The Axe Files (TV Series)", "- Tom Hanks (2017) ... Himself", "2014-2017 Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (TV Series)", "- Presidency of Donald Trump (2017) ... Himself - Guest", "- The Lottery (2014) ... Himself - Guest", "2017 Amy Adams: An American Cinematheque Tribute (TV Movie)", "Himself - Guest / Himself - Author, Uncommon Type", "- Episode #40.4 (2017) ... Himself - Author, Uncommon Type", "2017 Spielberg (TV Movie documentary)", "2017 XQ Super School Live (TV Movie)", "- The One About TV (2017) ... Himself - Actor", "Himself - Host / Himself / Various / ...", "- Dwayne Johnson/Katy Perry (2017) ... Himself / David S. Pimpkins (uncredited)", "- Tom Hanks/Lady Gaga (2016) ... Himself - Host / Sully / David S. Pumpkins", "- Justin Timberlake (2013) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- Martin Short/Paul McCartney (2012) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- Bruno Mars (2012) ... Himself / Kerry Lapkis / Robot (uncredited)", "2017 Ken Burns: America s Storyteller (TV Movie documentary)", "2017 Tom Brokaw at NBC News: The First 50 Years (TV Movie documentary)", "2017 Inferno: A Look at Langdon (Video documentary short)", "2017 Inferno: The Overpopulation Debate (Video documentary short)", "2017 Inferno: This Is Sienna Brooks (Video documentary short)", "2017 Inferno: Visions of Hell (Video documentary short)", "2017 Through Hell and Back: Dante s Enduring Influence (Video documentary short)", "Himself - Winner & Nominee", "2017 Taking the Stage: African American Music and Stories That Changed America (TV Special)", "2016 Sully: Neck Deep in the Hudson: - Shooting Sully (Video documentary short)", "2016 The British Academy Britannia Awards (TV Special)", "- Inferno/American Pastoral (2016) ... Himself", "- Phil Collins/Nico Tortorella/Tom Hanks & the Cast of Inferno (2016) ... Himself", "- Halloween Hacks!!! Week: Day 3 (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Carey Mulligan (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Diana Nyad (2013) ... Himself - Guest", "2016 Tom Hanks: A League of His Own (Documentary)", "- Episode dated 19 February 2009 (2009) ... Himself - Interviewee", "2016 Launching a Legacy: Interviews with Tom Hanks, Ron Howard, Dan Brown and Brian Grazer (Video documentary short)", "2016 Defying the Nazis: The Sharps War (Documentary)", "Waitstill Sharp (voice)", "- Tom Hanks/Kaleo (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- After the Oscars 2014 (2014) ... Himself - Guest", "- Jimmy Kimmel Live: After the Academy Awards (2012) ... Himself - Guest", "- After the Academy Awards (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "2016 California Typewriter (Documentary)", "2016 The Peter Austin Noto Show (TV Series)", "- The Tech Boom (2016) ... Himself - Actor", "- The Fight Against AIDS (2016) ... Himself - Actor", "- Raised on Television (2016) ... Himself - Actor", "2016 AFI Life Achievement Award: A Tribute to John Williams (TV Special)", "Woody - Presenter (voice)", "2016 A Case of the Cold War: Bridge of Spies (Video documentary short)", "2016 Berlin 1961: Re-Creating the Divide (Video documentary short)", "2016 Spy Swap : Looking Back on the Final Act (Video documentary short)", "2016 U-2 Spy Plane (Video documentary short)", "- Mike Nichols (2016) ... Himself", "- Inventing David Geffen (2012) ... Himself", "2015 Toy Story at 20: To Infinity and Beyond (TV Movie documentary)", "Himself - Woody", "- Tom Hanks/Jessica Chastain/Pentatonix (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "2015 The Seventies (TV Series documentary)", "- What s Goin On (2015) ... Himself - Actor", "- Television Gets Real (2015) ... Himself - Actor", "- I Really Like You Without Music (Carly Rae Jepsen) (2015) ... Himself", "2015 AFI Life Achievement Award: A Tribute to Steve Martin (TV Special)", "Himself - Pre-Taped Message", "- Tom Hanks/Eddie Vedder (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Sturgill Simpson (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Two Door Cinema Club (2013) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/cast of Pippin (2013) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Mila Kunis (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "2015 Misery Loves Comedy (Documentary)", "2015 Mulaney (TV Series)", "- French Roast (2015) ... Himself (uncredited)", "2014 The National Christmas Tree Lighting (TV Special)", "2014 The Concert for Valor (TV Special)", "2014 The Sixties (TV Series documentary)", "Himself - Actor / Producer", "- The Space Race (2014) ... Himself - Actor / Producer", "- The British Invasion (2014) ... Himself - Actor", "- When Television Came of Age (2014) ... Himself - Actor", "2014 Glad All Over: The Dave Clark Five and Beyond (TV Movie documentary)", "2014 EE British Academy Film Awards: The Red Carpet Show (TV Special)", "2014 The Night That Changed America: A Grammy Salute to the Beatles (TV Special)", "Himself (audience) (uncredited)", "2014 The Greatest Event in Television History (TV Series)", "- Bosom Buddies (2014) ... Himself", "2014 Capturing Captain Phillips (Video documentary)", "Himself - Nominee & Presenter (uncredited)", "2013 Asaichi (TV Series)", "- Episode dated 15 November 2013 (2013) ... Himself (as Tomu Hankusu)", "2013 Smap\u00d7Smap (TV Series)", "- Mitch Daniels (2012) ... Himself - Guest", "2013 Vanity Fair s Hollywood (TV Movie documentary)", "2013 Killing Lincoln (TV Movie)", "- Wetten, dass..? aus Bremen (2012) ... Himself", "- Wetten, dass..? aus B\u00f6blingen (2003) ... Himself", "2012 Night of Too Many Stars: America Comes Together for Autism Programs (TV Special)", "2012 Radioman (Documentary)", "2012 The Road We ve Traveled (Documentary short)", "2012 The Rosie Show (TV Series)", "- A Tribute to Penny Marshall (2012) ... Himself - Guest", "2011/II Rebuild (Documentary short)", "2011 Steve Jobs: One Last Thing (TV Movie documentary)", "2011 Prohibition (TV Mini-Series documentary)", "- A Nation of Scofflaws (2011) ... Reader (voice)", "- A Nation of Drunkards (2011) ... Reader (voice)", "2011 Boatlift (Documentary short)", "- Tom Hanks Talks Toy Story 4 (for the first time) and Larry Crowne! (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Oprah s Farewell Spectacular, Part 2 (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Oprah s Farewell Spectacular: Part 1 (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks and Julia Roberts Their Oprah Show Farewell (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks (2011) ... Himself - Interviewee", "2011 The 3 Minute Talk Show (TV Series)", "2011 Corman s World: Exploits of a Hollywood Rebel (Documentary)", "2011 Pixar: 25 Magic Moments (TV Movie documentary)", "2010 Toy Story 3: The Gang s All Here (Video documentary short)", "Himself / Woody", "- Tom Hanks Talks Larry Crowne & Toy Story 4 with Tween Reporter Piper Reese on the Red Carpet ... Himself - Guest", "- John Candy (2010) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks: The Luckiest Man in the World (2002) ... Himself", "- Ron Howard: Hollywood s Favorite Son (1999) ... Himself", "- To John with Love: A Tribute to John Candy (1995) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks/Will Ferrell/Neil Young (2010) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Green Day (2009) ... Himself - Guest", "2009 Streisand: Live in Concert (TV Special)", "2009 Getting Past Impossible: Forrest Gump and the Visual Effects Revolution (Video documentary short)", "Himself / Forrest Gump", "2009 The Art of Screenplay Adaptation (Video documentary short)", "2009 The 25th Anniversary Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Concert (TV Special)", "2009 CERN: Pushing the Frontiers of Human Knowledge (Video documentary short)", "2009 Angels & Demons: Characters in the Search of the True Story (Video documentary short)", "2009 Angels & Demons: Handling Props (Video short)", "2009 Angels & Demons: Rome Was Not Built in a Day (Video documentary short)", "2009 Angels & Demons: The Full Story (Video documentary short)", "2009 Angels & Demons: This Is an Ambigram (Video short)", "2009 Writing Angels & Demons (Video documentary short)", "Himself - Audience", "- The Los Angeles Philharmonic Opening Gala with Gustavo Dudamel (2009) ... Himself - Audience (uncredited)", "2009 The National Parks: America s Best Idea (TV Mini-Series documentary)", "- Great Nature: 1933-1945 (2009) ... Reader (voice)", "- Going Home: 1920-1933 (2009) ... Reader (voice)", "- The Empire of Grandeur: 1915-1919 (2009) ... Reader (voice)", "- The Last Refuge: 1890-1915 (2009) ... Reader (voice)", "- The Scripture of Nature: 1851-1890 (2009) ... Reader (voice)", "- Episode dated 16 May 2009 (2009) ... Himself - Interviewee", "- Tom Hank (2009) ... Himself - Guest", "1994-2009 Gomorron (TV Series)", "Himself / Himself - Om Filmen / Forrest Gump", "- Om filmen Cast Away (2001) ... Himself - Om Filmen", "- 1995-10-22 (1995) ... Himself", "- Om filmen Forest Gump (1994) ... Himself / Forrest Gump", "2009 The Da Vinci Code: Unlocking the Code (Video documentary short)", "2009 We Are One: The Obama Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial (TV Special)", "2008 A Timeless Call (Documentary short)", "2008 Sexo en serie (TV Movie documentary)", "2008 Making John Adams (Video documentary short)", "Himself - Executive Producer", "2008 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony (TV Special)", "2008 A Hero s Journey: The Making of Beowulf (Video documentary short)", "2008 The Making of Charlie Wilson s War (Video short)", "Himself / HImself / Joe Fox", "- Charlie Wilson s War (2007) ... Himself", "- The Polar Express (2004) ... Himself", "- Catch Me If You Can (2002) ... HImself", "- The Making of Road to Perdition (2002) ... Himself", "2007 The War (TV Mini-Series documentary)", "Al McIntosh / Al Mcintosh", "- A World Without War: March 1945 - September 1945 (2007) ... Al McIntosh (voice)", "- The Ghost Front: December 1944 - March 1945 (2007) ... Al McIntosh", "- FUBAR: September 1944 - December 1944 (2007) ... Al McIntosh", "- Pride of Our Nation: June 1944 - August 1944 (2007) ... Al McIntosh (voice)", "- A Deadly Calling: November 1943 - June 1944 (2007) ... Al McIntosh (voice)", "2007 The Pixar Story (Documentary)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: A Portrait of Langdon (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Close-Up on the Mona Lisa (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Filmmaker s Journey (Video documentary)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: First Day on the Set with Ron Howard (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Magical Places (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Re-Creating Works of Art (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Unusual Suspects (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Who Is Sophie Neveu? (Video short)", "2006 Forbes Celebrity 100: Who Made Bank? (TV Movie)", "- Tom Hanks: 2 (2006) ... Himself - Guest", "2006 Who Needs Sleep? (Documentary)", "2006 Moving Image Salutes Ron Howard (TV Movie)", "2005 The Mark Twain Prize: Steve Martin (TV Special documentary)", "2005 Why Shakespeare? (Video short documentary)", "2004 4Pop (TV Series documentary)", "- Hulluna korkokenkiin (2004) ... Himself", "- R n b haastaa iskelm\u00e4n (2004) ... Himself", "2004 Landing: Airport Stories (Video documentary short)", "2004 Waiting for the Flight: Building The Terminal (Video documentary short)", "2004 Ahora (TV Series)", "2004 Bambi Verleihung 2004 (TV Movie)", "Himself - Crowd Member", "2004 Steven Spielberg: The Man and His Movies (TV Movie documentary)", "2004 World War II Memorial Dedication (TV Movie documentary)", "Himself - Guest Speaker", "2004 Filmland (TV Series documentary)", "2004 Saving Private Ryan : Boot Camp (Video documentary short)", "2004 Saving Private Ryan : Miller and His Platoon (Video documentary short)", "2004 Saving Private Ryan : Parting Thoughts (Video short)", "2004 Saving Private Ryan : Re-Creating Omaha Beach (Video documentary short)", "2004 Making Saving Private Ryan (Video documentary short)", "2003 People Like Us: Making Philadelphia (Video documentary)", "2003 Rebels of Oakland: The A s, the Raiders, the 70s (TV Movie documentary)", "Himself - Oakland Resident 1966-1976", "2003 Heroes... Twenty Years with AIDS Project Los Angeles (TV Movie documentary)", "2003 Horatio s Drive: America s First Road Trip (TV Movie documentary)", "Horatio Nelson Jackson (voice)", "2003 Concert for George (Video documentary)", "Mountie (uncredited)", "- Penny Marshall (2003) ... Himself", "2003 Catch Me If You Can : The Casting of the Film (Video documentary short)", "2003 Hollywood Celebrates Denzel Washington: An American Cinematheque Tribute (TV Special documentary)", "2003 The 14th Annual Producers Guild of America Awards (TV Special)", "2003 Taff (TV Series)", "- Geena Davis (2002) ... Himself", "2002 Life with Bonnie (TV Series)", "- What If? (2002) ... Himself", "2002 Making a Splash (Video documentary short)", "Himself / Allen Bauer", "- Filmfestspiele Venedig (2002) ... Himself", "2002 The Making of Road to Perdition (TV Short documentary)", "Himself / Michael Sullivan", "2002 The Honeymooners 50th Anniversary Celebration (TV Movie)", "2002 Primetime Glick (TV Series)", "- Tom Hanks/Ben Stiller (2002) ... Himself", "2001 The Island (Video short)", "2001 The Making of Band of Brothers (TV Short documentary)", "2001 The Making of Cast Away (Video documentary short)", "2001 Wilson: The Life and Death of a Hollywood Extra (Video documentary short)", "2001 Rescued from the Closet (Video documentary)", "- Joan Rivers (2001) ... Himself", "1999-2001 The Directors (TV Series documentary)", "- The Films of Garry Marshall (2001) ... Himself", "- The Films of Steven Spielberg (2000) ... Himself", "- The Films of Ron Howard (1999) ... Himself", "- The Films of Nora Ephron ... Himself", "2001 Scene by Scene (TV Series)", "2001 The Big Breakfast (TV Series)", "2000 Behind the Scenes: Cast Away (Video documentary)", "Himself - Actor (segment Tom Hanks )", "- Notra Trulock/Tom Hanks/The Rosenberg Case (2000) ... Himself - Actor (segment Tom Hanks )", "2000 Shooting War (TV Movie documentary)", "- Return with Honor (2000) ... Himself - Narrator", "Himself / Paul Edgecomb", "1999 Stephen King: Shining in the Dark (TV Movie documentary)", "1999 The Story Behind Toy Story (Video documentary short)", "1999 The Miracle of The Green Mile (TV Short documentary)", "1998 Into the Breach: Saving Private Ryan (Video documentary short)", "1998 Return to Normandy (Video documentary)", "1998 Famous Families (TV Series documentary)", "- Tom Hanks and Rita Wilson: That Thing They Do (1998) ... Himself", "1998 Return with Honor (Documentary)", "- Show n\u00ba 121 (1998) ... Himself", "1998 Extra Rosa (TV Series)", "- The Space Program (1998) ... Himself - Guest", "- The Original Wives Club (1998) ... Himself - Host", "- Galileo Was Right (1998) ... Himself - Host", "- For Miles and Miles (1998) ... Himself - Host", "- We Interrupt This Program (1998) ... Himself - Host", "- That s All There Is (1998) ... Himself - Host", "1997 I Am Your Child (TV Movie documentary)", "1997 Ruby Wax Meets... (TV Series documentary)", "- Show #200 (1997) ... Himself", "1996 Lost Moon: The Triumph of Apollo 13 (Video documentary)", "- The Pallbearer/Barb Wire/Last Dance/The Great White Hype/The Craft (1996) ... Himself", "- The Quick and the Dead/Shallow Grave/The Jerky Boys: The Movie/Crumb (1995) ... Himself", "- Memo to the Academy - 1994 (1994) ... Himself", "1996 AFI Life Achievement Award: A Tribute to Steven Spielberg (TV Special documentary)", "Himself - Winner & Accepting Award for Favourite Dramatic Motion Picture / Favorite Motion Picture", "1996 2nd Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards (TV Special)", "1995 The Crypt Keeper Presents: A Spine-Tingling Look at Tales from the Crypt (Documentary short)", "1995 The Siskel & Ebert Interviews (TV Special)", "- Bald Star in Hot Oil Fest! (1995) ... Himself", "1995 The Celluloid Closet (Documentary)", "1995 The Making of Apollo 13 (Documentary short)", "1995 Barbra: The Concert (TV Special)", "Himself - Concert Attendee (uncredited)", "1995 Hasty Pudding Awards (TV Special)", "Himself - Winner, Presenter & Accepting Award for Favorite Motion Picture", "1995 1st Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards (TV Special)", "1994 The Wonderful World of Disney: 40 Years of Television Magic (TV Movie documentary)", "1994 Through the Eyes of Forrest Gump (TV Movie documentary)", "1994 Primer plano (TV Series)", "1994 The Essence Awards (TV Special)", "1994 The 5th Annual GLAAD Media Awards (TV Special)", "1994 Clive James (TV Series)", "1992 The 6th Annual American Comedy Awards (TV Special)", "1991 The Best of Disney: 50 Years of Magic (TV Movie documentary)", "1990 Joe Versus the Volcano: Behind the Scenes (Video documentary short)", "1989 Saturday Night Live: 15th Anniversary (TV Special)", "1988 The Media Show (TV Series documentary)", "1988 Aspel & Company (TV Series)", "2019 Tucker Carlson Tonight (TV Series)", "- Episode dated 7 February 2019 (2019) ... Himself - Actor", "Himself / Himself - The Love Boat / Himself - Author, Uncommon Type", "- ET s Exclusive First Look! (2019) ... Himself", "- Graham Norton s Good Guest Guide (2018) ... Himself", "- Barry Norman (2017) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- We All Have to Fight and Be Loud (2017) ... Himself", "2017 SNL Presents: Halloween (TV Movie)", "2017 Diana: The Day Britain Cried (TV Movie documentary)", "2017 Abandoned (TV Series documentary short)", "- Cancelled - The Tonight Show With Conan O Brien (2017) ... Himself", "2017 The Fabulous Allan Carr (Documentary)", "2017 Full Frontal with Samantha Bee (TV Series)", "- February 1, 2017 (2017) ... Viktor Navorski", "2017 National Endowment for the Arts: United States of Arts (TV Series documentary short)", "- American Film Institute (2017) ... Himself", "2017 50/50 (critique) (TV Mini-Series)", "- La Ligne Verte (2017)", "- Guest Co-Host Michael Buble/Tom Hanks/Blair Underwood/Abbi Jacobson (2016) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks/Priyanka Chopra (2015) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks/Josh Hutcherson/Colbie Caillat (2014) ... Himself", "- A New Year s Eve Retrospective (2013) ... Himself", "- The Best in Late Show Retrospectacular End-of-Year Wrapupabration! 1 (2016) ... Himself", "2016 Sully: Sully Sullenberger - The Man Behind the Miracle (Video documentary short)", "Himself - Chesley Sully Sullenberger", "- Episode dated 26 October 2016 (2016) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- Presidential Debate (2016) ... Himself", "- Hidden Treasures: We Find, You Keep (2015) ... Himself", "2016 There s Something About Romcoms (TV Movie documentary)", "Himself - Producer, My Big Fat Greek Wedding", "2016 Nostalgia Critic (TV Series)", "Forrest Gump / Captain Miller", "- When Are Critics Wrong? (2016) ... Forrest Gump / Captain Miller", "2016 Duels (TV Series documentary)", "- Elisabeth II - Lady Diana, Duel Royal (2016) ... Himself", "2016 Do They Know It? (TV Series)", "- Do Teens Know 90 s Romance Movies? (2016)", "Robbie Wheeling / Professor G.H. Dorr / Captain Miller / ...", "- Star Wars, Buster Keaton, Dinosaur (2016) ... Robbie Wheeling", "- Three Cases of Murder (2015) ... Professor G.H. Dorr", "- Catch-22 (2015) ... Captain Miller", "- Ishtar (2015) ... Josh", "2015 Els dies clau (TV Series documentary)", "- 25 de juliol de 1985: s anuncia que Rock Hudson t\u00e9 la sida (2015) ... Andrew Beckett", "2015 Keith Richards: Under the Influence (Documentary)", "- Out (2015) ... Andrew Beckett", "2015 Conspiracy (TV Series documentary)", "- The Nazi King (2015) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- Guests: gTime Johnny and PaulsEgo - Erotic Brony Fiction - Wild Bill - And More! (2015) ... Himself", "2014 Animation Lookback (TV Series documentary)", "- The Best of Stop Motion - Ray Harryhausen 2/2 (2014) ... Himself", "2014 That s Life!! Kilorenzos Smith in Talks... (TV Series documentary)", "- 2nd Indie Fest of YouTube Videos 2014 (2014) ... Himself", "2014 Walking the Mile (Director s Cut) (Video documentary)", "2014 Somewhere Over the Rainbow (TV Movie documentary)", "Andrew Beckett (uncredited)", "2014 The Greatest 80s Movies (TV Movie documentary)", "2014 Stop at Nothing: The Lance Armstrong Story (Documentary)", "- Amanda Seyfried/Will Ferrell and Chad Smith/Red Hot Chili Peppers (2014) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- Bill Cosby/Joby Ogwyn/Nathan East (2014) ... Himself (uncredited)", "2014 You Can t Kill Tom Hanks! Interview mit Regisseur Joe Dante (Video documentary short)", "Ray Peterson (uncredited)", "2014 The Second Annual On Cinema Oscar Special (TV Special)", "2013 Greatest Ever Christmas Movies (TV Movie documentary)", "- Episode #22.48 (2013) ... Captain Richard Phillips", "2013 Saturday Night Live: Halloween (TV Special)", "The Merryville Brothers (uncredited)", "- Movie Guide 2: Part 13 (2013) ... Captain Richard Phillips", "2013 Killing Lincoln: An Interview with Author Bill O Reilly (Video documentary short)", "2013 Uncovering the Truth: Killing Lincoln (Documentary short)", "2012 1002 Momentos de la tele (TV Series)", "2012 Fox Files (TV Series)", "- Sinatra Jr. Kidnaping/Super Dogs!/Gary Sinise, Man on a Mission (2012) ... Forrest Gump", "Himself - Academy Award Winning Actor", "- Whistleblowers (2011) ... Himself - Award Winning Actor", "- Until It Happens to You (2011) ... Himself - Award Winning Actor", "2011 The Extraordinary Voyage (Documentary)", "Rick Gassko / Himself / Paul Edgecomb", "- Tawny Kitaen (2011) ... Rick Gassko", "- Dustin Hoffman: First in His Class (2002) ... Himself", "- Stephen King: Fear, Fame and Fortune (2000) ... Paul Edgecomb", "2011 Today Tonight (TV Series)", "- Episode dated 8 March 2011 (2011) ... Woody", "Walter Fielding, Jr.", "- Especial redoblajes (2011) ... Walter Fielding, Jr. (uncredited)", "2011 Saturday Night Live Backstage (TV Special documentary)", "2008-2010 That Fellow in the Coat (TV Series)", "- A Look Back at the Animated Features of 2010 (2010) ... Woody", "- Character Profile: The Toy Story Aliens (2008) ... Woody", "2010 Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy (Video documentary)", "Dr. Robert Langdon (uncredited)", "- Kings Ransom (2009) ... Himself (uncredited)", "2009 Io sono l amore", "2008-2009 5 Second Movies (TV Series)", "Forrest Gump / Josh Baskin", "- Forrest Gump (2009) ... Forrest Gump", "- Big (2008) ... Josh Baskin", "2008 The Magical World of Trains (Video documentary)", "2008 Ceremonia de inauguraci\u00f3n - 56\u00ba Festival internacional de cine de San Sebasti\u00e1n (TV Special)", "Himself / Himself - Patriot (segment Pinheads & Patriots )", "- Episode dated 7 July 2008 (2008) ... Himself - Patriot (segment Pinheads & Patriots )", "- Movies (2007) ... Josh", "2007 Saturday Night Live in the 90s: Pop Culture Nation (TV Special documentary)", "2007 Canada A.M. (TV Series)", "2006 The Queen", "Himself / Sherman McCoy / Jimmy Dugan / ... (uncredited)", "2006 The Sci-Fi Boys (Documentary)", "Walter Fielding Jr.", "- Episode dated 14 March 2006 (2006) ... Walter Fielding Jr.", "2006 Who Killed the Electric Car? (Documentary)", "- Shredded Plane (2006) ... Chuck Noland", "2005 El oficio de actor (TV Movie documentary)", "2005 Saturday Night Live: The Best of Jon Lovitz (TV Special)", "Various Characters (uncredited)", "2005 I Love the 90s: Part Deux (TV Series documentary)", "Himself / Various", "2004 101 Biggest Celebrity Oops (TV Special documentary)", "2003 Get Up, Stand Up (TV Series documentary)", "- What s Going On (2003) ... Himself (uncredited)", "2003 I Love the 80s Strikes Back (TV Series documentary)", "- 35 Years and 60 Minutes (2003) ... Himself - Actor", "- Wie wenig \u00fcberraschend Fernsehen sein kann. (2003) ... Carl Hanratty", "2001 Backstory (TV Series documentary)", "- Big (2001) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks & Rita Wilson (2000) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks", "2000 Lord Stanley s Cup: Hockey s Ultimate Prize (Video documentary)", "Himself / Josh / Rick Gassko", "Mr. Short-Term Memory (uncredited)", "Barry the Roadie (uncredited)", "- Om filmen R\u00e4dda menige Ryan (1998) ... Himself", "1998 Sharon Stone - Una mujer de 100 caras (TV Movie documentary)", "1998 The Harryhausen Chronicles (TV Movie documentary)", "1996 The Universal Story (TV Movie documentary)", "- One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1995) ... Himself - Actor", "- Quadriplegia, Nymphomania, and HIV-Positive Night (1995) ... Andrew Beckett", "1993 Hard Copy (TV Series)", "- Celebrity Past Live (1993) ... Himself", "1993 The Best of Saturday Night Live: 1989 (Video)", "1992 Saturday Night Live: Presidential Bash (TV Special)", "Peter Jennings (uncredited)", "1992 Best of Saturday Night Live: Special Edition (Video)", "1986 Thompson Twins: Nothing in Common (Video short)", "1999: TV commercial for The National World War II Memorial See more \u00bb", "1 Biographical Movie | 3 Print Biographies | 26 Interviews | 48 Articles | 9 Pictorials | 66 Magazine Cover Photos | See more \u00bb", "Tomu Hankusu", "[on Harvey Weinstein] We re at a watershed moment, this is a sea change. His last name will become a noun and a verb. It will become an identifying moniker for a state of being for which there was a before and an after. See more \u00bb", "Attended California State University, Sacramento. See more \u00bb", "Frequently plays ordinary characters in extraordinary situations See more \u00bb" ] }, { "url": "https://www.listchallenges.com/complete-list-of-tom-hanks-movies", "title": "Complete List of Tom Hanks Movies", "content": [ "Complete List of Tom Hanks Movies", "A complete list of films Tom Hanks has either appeared in or has helped produce, please select the ones you have seen. (Updated October 2019.)", "made by Stacey.mcculloch91", "Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon (2005)" ] }, { "url": "https://entertainism.com/complete-list-of-tom-hanks-movies-in-chronological-order", "title": "A Complete List of Tom Hanks Movies in Chronological Order", "content": [ "A Complete List of Tom Hanks Movies in Chronological Order", "Tom Hanks has pretty much ruled the roost in mainstream Hollywood for over two decades now. Entertainism gives you a comprehensive account of this fine actor s commendable body of work.", "Here s to the real Mr. Banks!", "As of 2012, Tom Hanks films have grossed over USD 4.2 billion solely within the United States, along with over USD 8.5 billion worldwide, making him one of the most bankable box office stars in Hollywood.", "With a career spanning over 35 years, Tom Hanks ranks among Hollywood s top brass. Like most of his illustrious contemporaries, Hanks too has dabbled in film production, writing, and direction, besides showcasing his solid acting talents on celluloid.", "His work has earned him numerous nominations, awards, and honors, including a Golden Globe and an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in Philadelphia, and a Golden Globe, an Academy Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and a People s Choice Award for his role in Forrest Gump.", "Hanks collaborated efforts with acclaimed film director Steven Spielberg have given us memorable movies like Saving Private Ryan, Catch Me If You Can, and The Terminal, as well as the 2001 mini-series Band of Brothers, which launched Hanks as a successful director, producer, and writer.", "Here s a decade-wise look at all the movies featuring Tom Hanks.", "Year Movie Character", "1980 He Knows You re Alone Elliot", "1984 Splash Allen Bauer", "Bachelor Party Rick Gassko", "1985 The Man with One Red Shoe Richard Harlan Drew", "Volunteers Lawrence Whatley Bourne III", "1986 The Money Pit Walter Fielding, Jr.", "Nothing in Common David Basner", "Every Time We Say Goodbye David Bradley", "1987 Dragnet Det. Pep Streebek", "1988 Big Josh Baskin", "Punchline Steven Gold", "1989 The Burbs Ray Peterson", "Turner & Hooch Det. Scott Turner", "1990 Joe Versus the Volcano Joe Banks", "The Bonfire of the Vanities Sherman McCoy", "1992 Radio Flyer Older Mike", "A League of Their Own Jimmy Dugan", "1993 Sleepless in Seattle Sam Baldwin", "Philadelphia Andrew Beckett", "1994 Forrest Gump Forrest Gump", "1995 Apollo 13 Jim Lovell", "1996 That Thing You Do! Mr. White", "1998 Saving Private Ryan Captain John H. Miller", "You ve Got Mail Joe Fox", "1999 Toy Story 2 Woody", "The Green Mile Paul Edgecomb", "2000 Cast Away Chuck Noland", "2002 Road to Perdition Michael Sullivan, Sr.", "Catch Me If You Can Carl Hanratty", "2004 The Ladykillers Professor G.H. Dorr", "The Terminal Viktor Navorski", "The Polar Express Multiple characters", "2006 The Da Vinci Code Robert Langdon", "Cars Woody Car", "2007 Charlie Wilson s War Charlie Wilson", "The Simpsons Movie Himself", "2009 The Great Buck Howard Mr. Gable", "Angels & Demons Robert Langdon", "2011 Larry Crowne Larry Crowne", "Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close Thomas Schell Jr.", "2012 Cloud Atlas Several characters", "2013 Captain Phillips Captain Richard Phillips", "Saving Mr. Banks Walt Disney", "In keeping with his powerhouse performances, Tom Hanks upcoming project as an actor happens to be A Hologram For the King, based on the Dave Eggers novel. His numerous fans also await his reappearance as Robert Langdon in Dan Brown s next thriller, The Lost Symbol." ] }, { "url": "https://www.vulture.com/article/best-tom-hanks-movies-ranked.html", "title": "The Best Tom Hanks Movies Ranked Vulture", "content": [ "Every Tom Hanks Movie Performance, Ranked", "Tom Hanks, icon. Photo: Vulture and Courtesy of the Studios", "This article was originally published in 2016 and has been updated to include Tom Hanks\u2019s recent work.", "You might say there\u2019s a unified theory of Hanks: The actor contains multitudes, but is always Tom Hanks. As a result, he\u2019s often accused of playing one character: the fundamentally decent, good-hearted, noble but humble all-American Everyman. There\u2019s some truth to this, of course \u2014 Hanks wouldn\u2019t work as Travis Bickle, no matter how hard he tried. But it\u2019s not fair to paint Hanks as playing the same character over and over, and it certainly wouldn\u2019t be fair to say that he doesn\u2019t challenge himself or take chances. Hanks has transformed himself from the party dude of Bachelor Party to the romantic lead of Sleepless in Seattle to the war hero of Saving Private Ryan to the six different characters he plays, amusingly, in Cloud Atlas. The guy might only play a certain number of notes, but he always manages to make them sound unique.", "Thus, we present you with our complete ranking of Tom Hanks\u2019s 46 movies, up to and including this week\u2019s A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood. A note: We limited our guide to live-action movies only, meaning Hanks\u2019s superb turns in the four Toy Story films aren\u2019t on the list. It goes without saying that there\u2019s never a bad time to watch a Toy Story movie.", "46. Angels and Demons (2009)", "Hanks always looks a little ridiculous in these movies \u2014 and they\u2019ve always felt like his one way to assure himself a studio hit; outside the Toy Story movies, they\u2019re the only sequels he has ever done \u2014 but this one is preposterous and flimsy. Hanks gives low-key performances all the time, but this is the only time he has looked actively bored.", "45. He Knows You\u2019re Alone (1981)", "Hanks\u2019s movie debut was a slasher film that\u2019s an obvious Halloween knockoff, right down to the mask and music. It\u2019s cheapo schlock, but it\u2019ll live forever because of Hanks\u2019s appearance as a student who\u2019s skeptical that the protagonist is really being stalked. His dialogue clearly sets him up to be murdered, but the filmmakers liked him so much that they decided to let his character live. Even in his first movie, Hanks was charming everybody.", "44. The Man With One Red Shoe (1985)", "An instantly forgettable \u201ccomedy thriller\u201d in which Hanks plays a doofus concert pianist thrust clumsily into a murder mystery. He\u2019s clearly dialed up a little too high in order to carry a thin, empty premise, but still, check out the supporting cast: Dabney Coleman, Charles Durning, Jim Belushi, Edward Herrmann, and a finally-done-playing-Leia (for another 30 years, anyway) Carrie Fisher.", "43. The Circle (2017)", "How Dave Eggers\u2019s smart novel about technology got turned into this total mess of a movie remains a little baffling two years after its release. James Ponsoldt is a smart director who would seem to have a natural affinity to this material, the cast is once-in-a-lifetime great (Emma Watson! John Boyega! Patton Oswalt! Bill Paxton\u2019s last role!), and the time would seem right for a good hard look at what exactly the human tolls of massive corporate tech really are. Unfortunately, the movie is a fiasco from the start, confused, disorganized, and often nonsensical; this one just appears to have gotten away from Ponsoldt. Hanks could have been a perfect fit as the supposedly wise, benevolent Steve Jobs\u2013type character who is secretly a supervillain, but the movie can\u2019t focus enough on him to let him do much more than make a couple of speeches and then sneer lightly when he gets his comeuppance. It\u2019s a shame: This would have been a great Tom Hanks bad guy performance if the movie had just let it happen.", "\u201cI did everything I could to make it work,\u201d Hanks said in 1992 about this Brian De Palma debacle. \u201cAnd the fallout from it was that it makes you reflect for a while. You question yourself. But what can you do? You take your shots and you swing away.\u201d Yes, this adaptation of Tom Wolfe\u2019s Zeitgeist-y novel was a failure, but it\u2019s an interesting failure in lots of ways, not least of which is watching Hanks trying to play the story\u2019s Master-of-the-Universe Wall Street operative. He has the character\u2019s All-American features but not the toxic spirit, which fatally wounds the entire film. It\u2019s but one problem with a high-profile bust that at least inspired a pretty good behind-the-scenes tell-all.", "The Robert Langdon movies are generally Hanks at his worst \u2014 not bad, necessarily, but his most complacent and going through the motions \u2014 and while this one isn\u2019t the worst of the bunch, he doesn\u2019t give it much extra oomph. As our colleague Jackson McHenry noted, Inferno provides a slight twist on \u201cthe young woman following Robert Langdon through historical landmarks\u201d formula, but not in any way that justifies its existence. Please, let Hanks be done with these now.", "There were times, early on, when Hanks\u2019s white-bread geniality would be forced to do too much of the heavy lifting, and this strained comedy with Shelley Long is a great example. The one-joke premise is that the dream house Hanks and Long have bought is falling apart, and the movie keeps trying to find new ways to make that exact point, with diminishing results. Hanks doesn\u2019t look bored with this lane yet, but he is starting to seem a little exhausted.", "39. Every Time We Say Goodbye (1986)", "This was Hanks\u2019s first attempt at \u201cstretching\u201d in a saccharine love story set during World War II in which he plays a soldier who loses his true love. Hanks hadn\u2019t quite figured out how to calibrate Comedy vs. Serious yet, so he responds to this \u201cserious\u201d challenge by basically shutting down his charisma altogether. He would get much better at finding the balance.", "In this mostly dull bauble about a kid (Colin Hanks) who works for a possibly fraudulent huckster magician (John Malkovich), Hanks shows up briefly as a skeptical dad. This is the first and only time Hanks plays the father of his real-life son Colin, and he\u2019s amiable enough to show up and then get out of his kid\u2019s way.", "37. The \u2019Burbs (1989)", "A theoretically \u201cdark\u201d comedy about a bored suburban dad who begins to think his neighbors are murderers. There\u2019s a lot to be mined here, but Hanks and his director, Joe Dante \u2014 who would go on to till this field far better in other movies \u2014 go way too broad way too often. The movie dissolves into nonsense by the end. In 1989, Hanks made this and that dog movie \u2026 and then wisely moved in a whole new direction.", "36. Nothing in Common (1986)", "Hanks plays an advertising executive whose life is turned upside down \u2014 this is the exact description of many Hanks roles at this time \u2014 when his parents (Jackie Gleason and Eva Marie Saint) get divorced and he has to take care of both of them. This is high-concept and tiresome, and Gleason, in particular, hams it up every time he\u2019s onscreen, but this was the start of Hanks\u2019s pivot toward a more \u201cserious\u201d screen persona. He\u2019s not particularly funny in the film; he\u2019s trying to play this one straight. Nothing in Common wasn\u2019t the appropriate vehicle for that, but the instinct was right.", "It\u2019s tough for Hanks to play a total jerk, but he\u2019s definitely a snobby jerk in this Nicholas Meyer comedy about a rich kid who has to escape angry creditors pursuing a gambling debt by joining the Peace Corps. There\u2019s not much here \u2014 it was the end of an aborted Hanks-and-Candy comedy team \u2014 but it is where Hanks met his wife Rita Wilson, so there\u2019s that.", "The buddy cop-with-a-dog movie that, despite being a hit, famously inspired Hanks to start reevaluating his career \u2014 making the pivot that would win him multiple Oscars \u2014 Turner & Hooch isn\u2019t that terrible. (Well, it\u2019s not any worse than Tango & Cash, how about that?) However, proceed with caution: If you get sad when a dog dies in a movie, you will cry a lot. (Er, spoiler alert?)", "Amazingly, this is one of two movies in which Hanks plays six characters. The technologically groundbreaking but narratively uneven Polar Express animates Chris Van Allsburg\u2019s children\u2019s book through what was a fancy new innovation at the time: motion-capture. The dead-eyed look of the film\u2019s characters still haunts our dreams, but we also object to Hanks\u2019s overly cutesy performances as the conductor, Santa Claus, and others. It\u2019s a fine line when acting in a movie that\u2019s meant to be magical: You get the balance wrong, and the whole thing ends up feeling aggressively adorable and self-satisfied.", "Hanks and Ron Howard\u2019s adaptation of Dan Brown\u2019s blockbuster novel is by-the-numbers and uninspired, but it\u2019s professionally done in a way that\u2019s mostly inoffensive. Still, these are two ambitious and creative people, and it feels like a waste to have them going through the paces of this sort of hackery.", "31. Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close (2011)", "There are many, many reasons people hate this 9/11 drama, but it\u2019s hard to put the blame on Hanks. That\u2019s largely because he\u2019s barely in it, playing the dead father of the film\u2019s autistic young hero (Thomas Horn) who goes on a quest across the city to solve a riddle his dad left for him. In flashbacks, Hanks is more than credible as a man who fears for his sensitive son, but the overt preciousness of this Oscar-nominated enterprise makes it hard to see that sincerity through the aggressive pretension.", "30. Larry Crowne (2011)", "Hanks\u2019s second film as director was a bust: a well-intentioned look at working-class Americans who were rocked by the 2008 financial collapse that ended up playing patronizing and glib. He plays Larry, a normal joe who gets fired from his Walmart-like job and has to reinvent himself, falling in love with Julia Roberts\u2019s college professor in the process. Larry Crowne is the sort of movie that makes you understand why conservatives go off on tirades about out-of-touch, liberal Hollywood stars. There isn\u2019t a whiff of reality to this story, and Hanks is like an alien trying to play an everyman \u2014 he\u2019s rarely seemed so uncomfortable and unconvincing.", "29. Dragnet (1987)", "The closest Hanks will ever come to playing Poochie, the skateboarding dog from The Simpsons. Hanks is the young, \u201ccool\u201d cop contrasting with Dan Aykroyd\u2019s Joe Friday impression, and he has as much fun as you can in a silly movie in which Aykroyd considers himself the star. The major takeaway is a deeply disturbing \u201crap\u201d video Aykroyd and Hanks made to promote the film. Watch at your own peril. \u201cI\u2019m here tonight, to rap about your rights.\u201d Yikes.", "28. Bachelor Party (1984)", "Your mileage is going to vary on a lot of the Tom Hanks, Disposable Lead of Dopey \u201980s Comedies, entries, but this one is definitely one of the silliest, dumbest and, amusingly, most eternal: There are movies from this time period that Hanks can hide from now, but this is definitely not one of them. After all, this is a movie in which a donkey does cocaine. Don\u2019t see that every day.", "Hanks\u2019s directorial debut \u2014 which includes his Bosom Buddies co-star Peter Scolari, plus Rita Wilson, Colin Hanks, and Elizabeth Hanks \u2014 is modest and pleasant, like you would expect it to be, even if it doesn\u2019t add up to much. Hanks plays the world\u2019s most benevolent music promoter, and it\u2019s the sort of movie you dance along to; nice little background music while you do something else. If they were all like this, the world would be a much friendlier place.", "Tom Hanks playing Walt Disney in the story of how Mary Poppins got turned into a beloved film feels like money in the bank. So, what happened? Saving Mr. Banks isn\u2019t bad so much as it\u2019s uninspired and safe \u2014 probably an inevitable result considering that the Disney studio was behind the biopic and wanted to make sure it stayed on-brand. Still, the disappointment extends to Hanks\u2019s portrayal. He\u2019s a more-than-credible Walt, amplifying the man\u2019s megawatt showmanship and gregariousness, but it doesn\u2019t zig or zag in any interesting directions. The movie wants us to think that Disney was a super-swell genius, which pretty much guarantees that nuance, curiosity, or wit aren\u2019t going to be part of the equation.", "Hanks provides some pathos to his role as a washed-up American businessman trying to close a deal in Saudi Arabia, but A Hologram for the King can\u2019t escape the fact that it\u2019s approximately the 1,428,721st drama about a depressed, middle-aged white guy at a spiritual crossroads. The star brings his all, but the whole enterprise is hamstrung from the start \u2014 although Hanks gets to show off his romantic leading-man side for the first time in a while opposite a very appealing Sarita Choudhury.", "24. Punchline (1988)", "Punchline confused audiences and critics when it came out because it was a movie about stand-up comedy that was not all that funny. That was by design, though, and the film has aged better than you might think. Hanks plays a struggling stand-up comedian who comes across a housewife (Sally Field) trying out on open-mic nights who turns out to be pretty good. Hanks resents her success but also cares for her \u2014 and, as the movie hints, he has some emotional instability issues of his own. Hanks isn\u2019t much of a stand-up comic \u2014 you never buy that he\u2019s any good \u2014 but he gets at the desperation at the heart of showbiz. It\u2019s a better performance, and movie, than people appreciated at the time.", "A hit man with soul, Michael Sullivan must protect his son (future Everybody Wants Some!! star Tyler Hoechlin) after the mob wants to rub them both out. Road to Perdition got a lot of press at the time for the fact that, hey, look, Hanks is playing a bad guy. Of course, the character isn\u2019t really bad: He\u2019s a gruff but concerned parent who lives by a strict moral code. Director Sam Mendes\u2019s period crime film is suffocated by its finely manicured production design and gorgeous Conrad Hall cinematography, which gives the actors very little room to breathe. As a result, we get an intriguing curveball of a performance from Hanks, but not a great or even a particularly revealing one.", "Pitched to him by the Wachowskis and Tom Tykwer as a combination of Moby-Dick and 2001: A Space Odyssey, Cloud Atlas is easily the most audacious film Hanks has ever made: a gonzo sci-fi epic that spans eras and languages, casting him in multiple roles. It\u2019s also probably his most divisive, its strengths and weaknesses hopelessly linked and at war with one another. That\u2019s just as true of Hanks\u2019s performances, which are a warning that bad wigs and weird makeup do not good characters make. Hanks has never let loose quite the way he does in Cloud Atlas, and consequently there\u2019s something oddly riveting about the risks he takes. But he falls flat on his face a whole lot here \u2014 and he should never, ever play a cockney again.", "Hanks\u2019s one Coen Brothers film is perhaps their most divisive and disliked one \u2014 it\u2019s pretty broad, even for the Coens, and it really just has one joke \u2014 but it\u2019s not Hanks\u2019s fault. His Goldthwaite Higginson Dorr \u2014 the character is as subtle as the name \u2014 is cartoonish and silly and way way way over the top, but Hanks is clearly having a blast playing him. Hanks\u2019s sincerity was never going to be a good fit with the Coens, but he does his best to get on their wavelength in a goofy, game-for-anything performance. The real problem here is that Hanks brings his A-game to a period of transition for the Coens, when they weren\u2019t quite sure what their next step was going to be. (They figured it out.)", "20. You\u2019ve Got Mail (1998)", "Sleepless co-stars Hanks and Ryan went back to the rom-com well in 1998, with lesser results. Hanks gets to play the romantic hero with a little bit more of an edge this time \u2014 he\u2019s a big-time bookstore-conglomerate CEO trying to shut down cute Meg Ryan\u2019s little independent bookstore \u2014 but he\u2019s still gooey in the middle and easily palatable to the older white audience that ate this up. Suffice it to say, the AOL-centric narrative hasn\u2019t aged well, but hey \u2026 is that Dave Chappelle?", "Steven Spielberg\u2019s doodle about an optimistic, good-hearted Eastern European tourist who gets stuck in bureaucratic limbo and thus lives at New York\u2019s JFK Airport for nearly a year is maybe a little too cute by half, but Hanks still makes you root for the guy, even when Spielberg is drowning in whimsy. That said, this has to be the most forgettable movie these two ever made together.", "John Patrick Shanley\u2019s funky, off-kilter romantic comedy was a little too weird for audiences at the time, but it has aged well: This story of a man (Hanks) who decides to kill himself by throwing himself into a volcano before being interrupted by a series of increasingly odd events has its own goofy rhythm that Hanks steadies and smooths out, though maybe a little too much. The fact that Hanks toplined the movie may have given the impression of its being more conventional that it is, causing people to reject it outright. It\u2019s worth a revisit.", "The Green Mile is the sort of bloated awards-bait that doesn\u2019t work at all unless you\u2019ve got somebody like Tom Hanks piloting the ship. Even then, he can only do so much with the role of Paul Edgecomb, a predictably good-hearted prison guard who befriends Michael Clarke Duncan\u2019s death-row prisoner with strange powers. The syrup is pretty thick in this three-hour-plus (!) Frank Darabont adaptation of a Stephen King inspirational drama, and thankfully Hanks steered away from this kind of mawkishness in subsequent years. Soon, he\u2019d be traveling into weirder and darker terrain.", "Playing Sully Sullenberger, Hanks gives a calmly assured performance that\u2019s easy to underrate \u2014 he does a whole lot by doing not much of anything. In Clint Eastwood\u2019s spare drama, Sullenberger has just piloted his crippled US Airways flight into the Hudson, avoiding tragedy, but now he must answer to federal investigators who question his strategy. Sully never questions the man\u2019s heroism, but Sully himself does, and Hanks\u2019s portrayal is one in which self-doubt eats away at the character \u2014 which, coupled with having just survived a horrifying ordeal, leaves him feeling discombobulated and adrift. Sullenberger comes across as haunted, shaken, trying to put himself back together, and Hanks makes that healing feel quietly inspiring.", "No matter the good intentions of everyone involved in this activist drama \u2014 to say nothing of its social importance \u2014 there\u2019s no denying that Philadelphia isn\u2019t exactly scintillating cinema. The same goes for Hanks\u2019s performance as a lawyer diagnosed with AIDS. To be sure, it\u2019s lovely and full of feeling, but he risks making Andrew Beckett almost too saintly, which made some sense in an era when homosexuality was viewed as a scary \u201cother.\u201d Hanks\u2019s natural likability attacked that bigotry directly, and for that the performance remains incredibly meaningful. But Andrew is more symbol than great character \u2014 a significant time-capsule relic slightly diminished by the fortunate evolution of human thinking about sexuality and AIDS.", "You could argue that Hanks\u2019s character is only the third-most interesting in this Steven Spielberg biopic about professional con man Frank Abagnale. (Rising star Leonardo DiCaprio has the showier role as Abagnale, and Christopher Walken, playing his hard-luck father, got the Oscar nomination.) But Hanks does commendable supporting work as a nerdy FBI agent on Abagnale\u2019s trail \u2014 essentially playing the sort of conventional square whose mediocre life frightens the restless, rootless Abagnale. What\u2019s funniest about Catch Me If You Can is how it represented a permanent shift in Hanks\u2019s persona: The bratty upstart from Dragnet was now old enough (and established enough) to be the just-the-facts-ma\u2019am law-and-order type. Still, there\u2019s a twinkle in Hanks\u2019s eye. Even as a square, he\u2019s so damn likable.", "A massive hit that essentially launched the film careers of Hanks, Daryl Hannah, and Ron Howard, Splash is funny and sharp, particularly when it takes its fish-out-of-water premise literally and lets Hannah\u2019s mermaid try to interact with mid-\u201980s New York City. There are some parts that might be called \u201cproblematic\u201d today \u2014 and there\u2019s always been an argument that Hanks and sidekick John Candy should have switched roles \u2014 but this, as much anything else, was what initially sold everyone on Hanks. Even when he\u2019s being a jerk (and he\u2019s a jerk a lot in the movie), you can\u2019t help but be on his side.", "If movies like Sleepless in Seattle were all Hanks ever made, we wouldn\u2019t hold the actor in such high esteem. And yet, c\u2019mon, it\u2019s so hard to resist him as Sam, the puppy-dog widower who will fall for a newspaper reporter (Meg Ryan) with a fondness for An Affair to Remember. Sprinkled with fairy dust and charm by late director Nora Ephron, Sleepless in Seattle is the epitome of feel-good, wish-fulfillment Hollywood love stories, and Hanks gives it a grounding that it very much needs. He\u2019s sensitive and appealing \u2014 as unthreatening as the nice guy next door with a decency and cuteness that made him crush-worthy.", "11. Charlie Wilson\u2019s War (2007)", "Charlie Wilson was a hard-partying, womanizing Texas congressman who helped arm the mujahideen against the invading Russians during the 1980s. It\u2019s a too-good-to-be-true real-life tale, and Hanks (who also produced) has a ball playing a sonuvabitch who\u2019s been wasting his life until he finds a cause worthy of his talents. Charlie Wilson\u2019s War is deeply flawed \u2014 director Mike Nichols and writer Aaron Sorkin oversell the movie\u2019s \u201ccolorful\u201d world of vulgar CIA operatives and sassy Texas socialites \u2014 but Hanks gives the cartoonish story a moral center without sacrificing the tale\u2019s more unbelievable moments and its dark punch line: Wilson\u2019s seemingly patriotic actions will sow the seeds for Middle Eastern terrorism against the West.", "Hanks\u2019s innate decency plays a part in several films, but it\u2019s delivered in a different way in this underrated Cold War drama. Hanks is Donovan, an insurance lawyer asked to defend a Russian spy (Oscar winner Mark Rylance), in the process learning that he alone wants to be sure the accused gets a fair trial. Bridge of Spies is a movie about negotiation and compromise \u2014 about what principles we\u2019re willing to sacrifice and which ones we can\u2019t \u2014 and Donovan is heroic not because he\u2019s the guy with the halo but because he\u2019s shrewder and more determined than everyone he comes across. This is Hanks as World-Weary Veteran Movie Star, and he gives it an effortless swagger.", "Beefing up for his role as Jimmy Dugan, the alcoholic manager of a women-only baseball team, Hanks gets to play the lovable crank, the kind of part he didn\u2019t do much after becoming a major movie star. A League of Their Own catches the actor in an interesting in-between spot in his career \u2014 he was rebounding from the failure of Bonfire of the Vanities, but not yet at the stage where he\u2019d win back-to-back Oscars \u2014 and as such, it\u2019s kind of a hoot to see him just bark at characters and be downright ornery. Of course, Dugan\u2019s got a good heart underneath, and it\u2019s the sort of one-note character that could have easily drifted into caricature, but Hanks elevates him through sheer force of his charisma and sweetness.", "Mr. Rogers is not in fact the main character in A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood \u2014 that would be Matthew Rhys\u2019s self-hating magazine journalist with daddy issues \u2014 and the movie benefits accordingly: Mr. Rogers, as played by Hanks, is so alien and unchanging and downright odd that building a plot around him would leave the movie nowhere to go. But that supporting shot of Hanks is the perfect amount: Hanks might be a little bit too big and a little bit too modern to truly inhabit Rogers, but the way he conjures his spirit, that quiet grace, is uncanny and even quite moving. Hanks never reaches for effect and remains spiritually and physically calm: His Mr. Rogers is unknowable, unfathomable, but absolutely irresistible. When a Mr. Rogers movie was announced, Hanks was such a logical choice the film nearly cast itself. But his performance, like the movie, has more going on than just stunt casting: It\u2019s rigorous, well thought through, and just lovely.", "7. The Post (2017)", "Late in his career, Hanks has become such an instant audience surrogate \u2014 a quiet subtext to his performances is always Tom Hanks is here so it\u2019s going to be okay \u2014 that you can almost overlook how strong he is as Ben Bradlee here. He\u2019s taking over the role that Jason Robards won an Oscar playing in All the President\u2019s Men, and while he has a little bit of the Robards gristle, he adds that special Hanks ingredient: sincerity. You never once believe Tom Hanks is on the wrong side here; that Hanks\u2019s Bradlee is willing to question himself \u2014 is willing to admit his own mistakes \u2014 makes him that much easier, and important, to cheer for. Hanks has added a bit of lovable irascibility in his later roles, and he wears it well. It\u2019s actually sort of amazing he has never played a journalist before: It fits him like a lightly rumpled old suit.", "This was the one that made everybody realize: Oh, Hanks isn\u2019t just a comedy guy, he could maybe be the biggest movie star in the world. As the boy who gets his wish to be big, Hanks gives a glorious, hilarious, and sweet performance as a 12-year-old in a grown-up\u2019s body. He\u2019s limber and wild and untethered \u2014 it\u2019s one of his best physical comedy performances \u2014 but he never lets you forget there\u2019s a scared little kid in there. Hanks didn\u2019t win Best Actor* for this performance, even though the movie was a huge hit, which was seen by many at the time as a sign that comedy was never going to be given a break by the Academy. Nevertheless, this performance is guaranteed to bring a smile to your face.", "There is a chance that, if you haven\u2019t seen this Best Picture nominee in a while, all you remember of it is Hanks\u2019s Jim Lovell saying, \u201cHouston, we have a problem.\u201d Go back and watch Apollo 13 and you\u2019ll see Hanks eschewing the flash of his then-recent Oscar-winning portrayals for a no-nonsense turn as a mission commander who is bound and determined to keep his crew (Bill Paxton, Kevin Bacon) focused as they and Mission Control figure out how to get their crippled vessel home. This is a performance that\u2019s easy to shortchange, but Hanks imbues it with endlessly stirring, stripped-down authority. He makes not losing your shit in the midst of a crisis feel heroic.", "The closest Hanks has gotten to a Robert De Niro\u2013like physical transformation, Cast Away found the star playing a FedEx executive who goes through a personal metamorphosis after he\u2019s the lone survivor of a plane crash. Taking time off from shooting so that he could lose a massive amount of weight for the island sequences, Hanks exudes the sense of spiritual isolation that first maroons the character but then gives him a new reason to go on living. This might be his most intimate and elemental performance, his primary scene partner being a volleyball, and Hanks finds a raw, slightly terrifying urgency within his good-guy persona that suggests that even the best of us have a breaking point.", "This Best Picture winner\u2019s litany of famous lines \u2014 \u201cRun, Forrest, Run,\u201d \u201cLife is like a box of chocolates,\u201d \u201cJenny\u201d \u2014 risks reducing the movie to a series of quotables as simple as the man Hanks played to earn his second Oscar. But the beauty of his performance is in how it both satirizes a divisive period in American history while also underlining the sincerity and optimism that\u2019s always been part of our national character. Sure, that\u2019s a corny notion, but it took an actor who could transform that sentimentality into something stirring and true, and nobody on the planet was better suited for the role than Hanks.", "Hanks\u2019s terrified, vulnerable turn as the eponymous Captain Phillips is another prime example of his ordinary men in extraordinary circumstances.* Hanks\u2019s Phillips is a good captain but also a flawed one, and one who is constantly adjusting to events that are entirely out of his control. He does his best just to stay alive, but when the ordeal is finally over and he is able to take stock, he breaks down in the most raw, wrenching scene of Hanks\u2019s whole career. It\u2019s a measured, calculated performance that builds to a moment of almost overwhelming power.", "When we first see Captain Miller, his hands are shaking as he puts his canteen to his lips before beginning the D-day assault on Normandy. He\u2019s scared, as would anyone be in that situation. The greatness of Saving Private Ryan can be measured in many ways \u2014 the harrowing brilliance of its opening battle sequence, the stunning desaturated images of war rendered by cinematographer Janusz Kami\u0144ski \u2014 but it\u2019s ultimately a very human story, which is why Steven Spielberg cast Hollywood\u2019s most reliable and relatable everyman star in the role. As the film pounds along and the body count builds, we learn that Miller was the kind of American hero World War II probably produced a lot of: an ordinary guy back home who turned himself into a leader of men because the fate of the planet hung in the balance. Hanks is as stripped-down as the landscape, hoping that rescuing Ryan will be enough to get him home and forget all this terrible killing. His death in the final moments haunts you long after the film\u2019s over, with Hanks paying tribute to a lot of good soldiers who went off to safeguard freedom and never saw America again.", "Grierson & Leitch write about the movies regularly and host a podcast on film. Follow them on Twitter or visit their site.", "A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood Ought to Make You Roll Your Eyes, and Yet \u2026", "\\n );return document.createRange().createContextualFragment(t)}();function f(){const t=new Date,n=t.getMonth(),e=t.getFullYear();return content-cliff-warning-displayed- .concat(e, - ).concat(n)}return u.querySelector( a ).addEventListener( click ,a),{warn:function(){generateGrowl(t, #content-cliff-warning-growl ,{content:u,onShow:()=>{c(),function(){const t=f();setLocalStorage(t, true )}()},scrollDepth:l})},shouldWarn:function(t){return!function(){const t=f();return true ===getLocalStorage(t)}()||t{},warn:()=>{q.warn()},show:()=>{i(),function(){(W=function(t= ){return document.querySelectorAll( .concat(t, ~ * ))}(S)).forEach(t=>t.remove()),function(){const{contentCliffStatus:n,contentCliffPromo:o,contentCliffCTA:r,contentCliffURL:c}=e,a=t.querySelector( [data-content-cliff-status] ),i=t.querySelector( [data-content-cliff-promo] ),s=t.querySelector( [data-content-cliff-cta] );s&&s.setAttribute( href ,c),s&&s.insertAdjacentHTML( afterbegin ,r),a&&a.insertAdjacentHTML( afterbegin ,n),i&&i.insertAdjacentHTML( afterbegin ,o),s&&s.addEventListener( click ,l)}(),C.classList.remove( collapsed ),n=m,n.forEach(t=>{const n=document.querySelector( [data-uri*= / .concat(t, / ] ));n&&n.remove()}),b.addEventListener( click ,()=>auth0.showLogin());var n}()}}[function(){if(y<=h||v>=p)return logger.log( article word count .concat(y, was too short for the cliff )), noop ;if(L)return noop ;if(q.shouldWarn(o))return warn ;return show }()],b=t.querySelector( .content-cliff-login );let W=[];return logger.log( should warn via view count: .concat(q.shouldWarn(o))),logger.log( should noop via first session: .concat(L)),logger.groupEnd(),auth0.on( login ,()=>{C.classList.add( collapsed ),(W=Array.prototype.slice.call(W,0).reverse()).forEach(t=>C.insertAdjacentElement( afterend ,t)),W=[]}), function ==typeof A?A():void 0}); 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}, { 3 :3, 5 :5, 12 :12, 108 :108}]; window.modules[ sticky-list.client ] = [function(require,module,exports){ use strict ;const dom=require(3),$gtm=require(1),_find=require(42),_get=require(49),stickyContainer=require( sticky-container.client );DS.controller( sticky-list ,[ $window ,function(t){var i=require(208),e=40;function n(n){let s,a=function(t){let n=t[0],s=0,a=this.contentArea.offsetHeight;if(n.target.offsetHeight){let t=this.breakouts.findIndex(t=>(function(t,i){return t!==document.body&&t.contains(i)})(t,n.target.parentElement));if(t>-1){let i=this.breakouts[t].offsetHeight+e;this.containers[t].style.marginBottom= .concat(i, px )}}a!==this.currentHeigh&&this.containers&&this.containe" ] }, { "url": "https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2484853/the-10-best-tom-hanks-movies-ranked", "title": "The 10 Best Tom Hanks Movies Ranked CINEMABLEND", "content": [ "The 10 Best Tom Hanks Movies, Ranked", "Jerrica Tisdale", "Later this month, Tom Hanks debuts his next Oscar buzz film, A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood, where he plays real-life TV hero Fred Rogers, known to fans simply as Mr. Rogers. Hanks\u2019 performance in this film has already gained praise following early showings. No one can wait to see one of Hollywood\u2019s nicest guys play one of Hollywood\u2019s nicest guys. Among Tom Hanks movies, A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood is sure to rank high.", "Could his role as Mr. Rogers put Hanks back in the Oscars seat? A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood has a lot of competition among classic Hanks films like Forrest Gump or Saving Private Ryan, to newer standouts like Captain Philips and the Toy Story movies. For this Tom Hanks movies ranking, I ranked based on which movies were most defining for Hanks\u2019 acting career, honing in on some of his best performances. I know I missed some of your favorites, so read to the end to give us your input on which Tom Hanks movies you love the most.", "During World War II, a All-American Girls Professional Baseball League forms with Jimmy Dugan (Tom Hanks) as the manager. He must coach the women from amateurs to professionals, and eventual champions. The cast of characters includes Geena Davis as Dottie, Madonna as Mae, Lori Petty as Kit, and Rosie O\u2019Donnell as Dori.", "A League Of Their Own is one of the career-defining movies for Hanks. It is one of his most remembered performances, especially from his early acting days. It\u2019s also one of the few Tom Hanks films where he plays a rough and tough character who eventually grows into the lovable Hanks persona that everyone has come to adore. He also gets to utter one of the most iconic lines in film history, \u201cThere is no crying in baseball!\u201d", "Tom Hanks gives a thought-provoking performance as Chuck Noland, a FedEx employee who becomes stranded on a deserted island for four years. He must learn to survive both physically and mentally, while maintaining hope for returning home. The film grossed over $429 million worldwide and earned Hanks his fifth Best Actor in a Leading Role Oscar nomination.", "Essentially, Cast Away relies on Hanks\u2019 charm and abilities as an actor to carry the film, because it\u2019s one of those rare Hollywood movies without big explosions and fight scenes. As Tom Hanks is the only actor on the screen for most of Castaway, he gives one of his boldest performances: He uses his verbal and physical acting prowess--especially without the comfort of working with other actors--to emphasize the emotions that come with total isolation.", "Meg Ryan and Tom Hanks join forces for their third outing in You ve Got Mail. In this film, they play Kathleen Kelly and Joe Fox, rival bookshop owners. Kathleen owns an independent bookshop, and Joe owns a major franchise that plans to run businesses like Kathleen\u2019s out of town. The two hate each other at first, but fall in love both in real life and online, without knowing the two relationships are connected.", "If we could fill this entire list with just Ryan and Hanks romantic pairings, we probably would because of their dynamic onscreen chemistry, and the likes of Sleepless In Seattle could have easily made this list. However, You Got Mail stands out the most, not only for how natural Ryan and Hanks work together, but also because of how relevant online dating has become since Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan made the film over 20 years ago.", "Captain Phillips follows Captain Richard Phillips as a group of pirates take him and his crew hostage. Director Paul Greengrass and screenwriter Billy Ray based Captain Phillips on the 2009 true story of the Maersk Alabama hijacking. The movie received six Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture and Best Supporting Actor for Barkhad Abdi (who plays Abduwali Muse), the main and sole survivor behind the hijacking.", "In the film, Tom Hanks must embody all the fear and anxiety that comes with someone\u2019s life being in danger, while also trying to protect the lives of others. It\u2019s a classic tale of man vs. man, with both sides having goals. For Captain Phillips, it\u2019s to make it home alive. The film excellently blends high intensity action with a look at human nature.", "Catch Me If You Can is one of the many film pairings that brings Tom Hanks and Steven Spielberg together. In this one, Hanks stars opposite Leonardo DiCaprio. DiCaprio plays Frank Abagnale Jr., a professional con artist who poses in various careers, such as a pilot and doctor. His main crimes involve check forgery, which captures the attention of FBI agent Carl Hanratty (Hanks), who takes special interest in Frank Jr. and it becomes a game of cat and mouse. Spielberg based Catch Me If You Can on the real Frank Abagnale Jr.", "Catch Me If You Can may not receive the same praise as some of the other hanks-Spielberg pairings, but it\u2019s one of their most fun collaborations. Not only is Frank Jr.\u2019s real life fascinating, but Tom Hanks and Leo DiCaprio both give charismatic performances as two men really bound together until one of them ends this chase. The film also pays homage to the 60s and flashy lifestyles.", "Forrest Gump follows the folk-like figure Forrest Gump throughout his life. People who meet Forrest know and love him for his extreme kind heart and bit of na\u00efvet\u00e9. The film highlights the many ways that he influences history and touches different lives.", "Tom Hanks received his second consecutive Academy Award win for Forrest Gump. It also won several other Oscars, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Adapted Screenplay. Forrest has become one of Hanks most well-known characters, at least his most quoted character. The reason Forrest has become such a beloved pop culture character is because of the sincerity of Hanks\u2019 performance, and its story of a pure heart.", "The original Toy Story surrounds Andy\u2019s toys, who are led by Woody (Hanks), Andy\u2019s favorite toy, until Buzz Lightyear (Tim Allen) comes along and Woody is pushed to the shadows. The film inspired three sequels, the final one (so they claim) premiered in 2019 to rave reviews.", "The Toy Story franchise has grossed over $3 billion worldwide and become the 20th highest grossing franchise of all time. The story of toys who just want love has reached generations of fans, and has cemented Tom Hanks even more in the hall of fame of beloved movie actors. Woody and Buzz are the dynamic duo that fans will continue to rush to box offices to see, whether that means one more or 20 more sequels.", "Set during World War II, Saving Private Ryan follows Captain John Miller (Hanks) and his squad as they try to find Private Ryan (Matt Damon). Fans and critics often praise the film for its realistic depictions of the violence and devastation of wars.", "Saving Private Ryan is the first Spielberg and Tom Hanks collaboration. It received 11 Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director, which it won, giving Steven Spielberg his second director Oscar, and Best Actor nomination for Hanks, who didn\u2019t win. The film relies on the actor to lead this ensemble cast as they navigate the obstacles associated with war, including the mental ones. Hank gives a respectable performance as a captain willing to make any sacrifice to ensure that his men make it home from the war.", "Twelve-year old Josh Baskin (David Moscow) makes a wish to become big, and transforms into the 30-year old version of himself, played by Tom Hanks. First, it\u2019s all fun and games being an adult, but then Josh starts to see just how stressful adult life can be, so he must find a way to become a child again.", "Though not his first film or television appearance, 1988 s Big has become one of Hanks most iconic performances. Not only for the piano dance scene, but for Tom Hanks effortless blend of comedy and drama throughout the movie. Viewers watch as this big kid tries to navigate the challenges of adulthood without actually going through the struggles of growing up. The movie Big acts as a reminder to children and young adults to appreciate their youth while they have it, and to take growing up slowly.", "Tom Hanks stars opposite Denzel Washington in Philadelphia, a movie where Hanks plays Andrew Beckett, a man fired from his firm because of his sexuality and being diagnosed with AIDS. Washington plays Joe Miller, the lawyer who takes Beckett\u2019s case against his former firm. As the men work together, they find a new respect and admiration for each other, despite their differences.", "Philadelphia earned Hanks his first Academy Award for Best Actor, rightfully so. Tom Hanks delivers a powerful performance that helps highlight the bigotry that many faced and still face. The film not only touched on such a powerful issue but it helped showcase two powerhouse actors as Washington and Hanks in a time when both of their careers were on the rise. It\u2019s not an easy film to watch, and is one of the actor s more dramatic roles, but it\u2019s an important and memorable one.", "This list could go on forever because Tom Hanks has so many good movies. Everyone also has their own special relationship with them, so the world may never agree on the best ones, so let\u2019s us hear your opinion by voting in our poll below. Also, comment with the ones you would have put on the list.", "What Is Your Favorite Tom Hanks Movie?" ] } ] }, "timestamp": null }, { "action": "Wizard => Apprentice", "text": "My favorite has to be when he played Woody in Toy Story 2! Which one is your go-to? ", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000158/", "title": "Tom Hanks IMDb", "content": [ "Producer | Actor | Soundtrack", "Thomas Jeffrey Hanks was born in Concord, California, to Janet Marylyn (Frager), a hospital worker, and Amos Mefford Hanks, an itinerant cook. His mother s family, originally surnamed Fraga , was entirely Portuguese, while his father was of mostly English ancestry. Tom grew up in what he has called a fractured family. He moved around a great ... See full bio \u00bb", "July 9, 1956 in Concord, California, USA", "Forrest Gump Star Gary Sinise Receives a Tear-Jerking Tribute For His Military Charity Work", "This Is Us: Susan Kelechi Watson on How Beth Is Finding Her Identity Apart From Randall", "Lego\u2019s new Toy Story 4 tie-in sets unveiled", "Sun, Feb 17 12:30 AM EST on AMC (277)", "Agent Zigzag", "A Wilderness of Monkeys", "Untitled Battle of the Sexes Project", "Untitled Barry Manilow Project", "Editors Picks: Our Favorites From the Week of Nov. 11", "10 Paul Newman Facts You May Not Know", "Top 25 Best Performances By A Leading Man", "Talented & Hardworking Artists", "How much of Tom Hanks s work have you seen?", "Clich\u00e9s in Romantic Movies", "Highest grossing movie-stars - where it all began", "Not Every Tom, Dick And Harry Can Act", "If it Weren t Bryan Cranston, Who Else Could Best Pull Off the Role of Walter White?", "Which male gave the greatest performance in a Mike Nichols film?", "Cast Away Producer", "Saving Private Ryan Captain Miller", "Big Josh", "Jump to: Producer | Actor | Soundtrack | Writer | Director | Thanks | Self | Archive footage", "Lewis and Clark (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 6 episodes) (announced)", "A Man Called Ove (producer) (announced)", "Beautiful (producer) (announced)", "2020 No Better Place to Die (executive producer) (announced)", "2019 Greyhound (producer) (post-production)", "2018 The 2000s (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 7 episodes)", "- I Want My MP3 (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- Yes We Can (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- The Financial Crisis (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- The i Decade (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- Quagmire: Bush s Second Term (2018) ... (executive producer)", "2018 Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again (executive producer)", "2018 1968: The Year That Changed America (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 4 episodes)", "- Part Four: Fall (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- Part Three: Summer (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- Part Two: Spring (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- Part One: Winter (2018) ... (executive producer)", "2017 Mark Felt: The Man Who Brought Down the White House (producer)", "2017 The Nineties (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 7 episodes)", "- Isn t It Ironic (2017) ... (executive producer)", "- The Information Age (2017) ... (executive producer)", "- Terrorism Hits Home (2017) ... (executive producer)", "- New World Order (2017) ... (executive producer)", "- Can We All Get Along? (2017) ... (executive producer)", "2017 The 2017 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony (TV Movie) (executive producer)", "2016 The Eighties (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 7 episodes)", "- The Tech Boom (2016) ... (executive producer)", "- The Fight Against AIDS (2016) ... (executive producer)", "- Video Killed the Radio Star (2016) ... (executive producer)", "- Greed Is Good (2016) ... (executive producer)", "- Tear Down This Wall (2016) ... (executive producer)", "2016 My Big Fat Greek Wedding 2 (producer)", "2015 Ithaca (executive producer)", "2015 The Seventies (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 8 episodes)", "- What s Goin On (2015) ... (executive producer)", "- Terror at Home and Abroad (2015) ... (executive producer)", "- Battle of the Sexes (2015) ... (executive producer)", "- The State of the Union Is Not Good (2015) ... (executive producer)", "- Crimes & Cults (2015) ... (executive producer)", "2014 The Concert for Valor (TV Special) (executive producer)", "2014 Olive Kitteridge (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 4 episodes)", "- Security (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- A Different Road (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- Incoming Tide (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- Pharmacy (2014) ... (executive producer)", "2014 The Sixties (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 10 episodes)", "- Sex, Drugs and Rock N Roll (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- The Times They Are A-Changin (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- 1968 (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- The Space Race (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- The British Invasion (2014) ... (executive producer)", "2013 The Assassination of President Kennedy (TV Movie documentary) (executive producer)", "2013 Parkland (producer)", "2013 The 2013 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony (TV Special) (executive producer)", "2012 Electric City (TV Series short) (producer)", "2012 Game Change (TV Movie) (executive producer)", "2011 He Has Seen War (Documentary) (executive producer)", "2011 Larry Crowne (producer)", "2011 The 3 Minute Talk Show (TV Series) (executive producer - 12 episodes)", "- Robin Williams (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Jimmy Fallon/Rico Rodriguez (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Wilmer Valderrama (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Nia Vardalos (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Lance Bass (2011) ... (executive producer)", "2006-2011 Big Love (TV Series) (executive producer - 51 episodes)", "- Where Men and Mountains Meet (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Exorcism (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- The Noose Tightens (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Til Death Do Us Part (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- D.I.V.O.R.C.E. (2011) ... (executive producer)", "2010 The Pacific (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 10 episodes)", "- Home (2010) ... (executive producer)", "- Okinawa (2010) ... (executive producer)", "- Iwo Jima (2010) ... (executive producer)", "- Peleliu Hills (2010) ... (executive producer)", "- Peleliu Airfield (2010) ... (executive producer)", "2009 The 25th Anniversary Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Concert (TV Special) (executive producer)", "2009 Beyond All Boundaries (Short) (executive producer)", "2009 Where the Wild Things Are (producer)", "2009 My Life in Ruins (executive producer)", "2008 City of Ember (producer)", "2008 Mamma Mia! (executive producer)", "2008 David McCullough: Painting with Words (TV Movie documentary) (producer)", "2008 John Adams (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 7 episodes)", "- Peacefield (2008) ... (executive producer)", "- Unnecessary War (2008) ... (executive producer)", "- Unite or Die (2008) ... (executive producer)", "- Reunion (2008) ... (executive producer)", "- Don t Tread on Me (2008) ... (executive producer)", "2008 The Great Buck Howard (producer)", "2007 Charlie Wilson s War (producer)", "2007 Evan Almighty (executive producer)", "2007 Big Love: In the Beginning (TV Series) (executive producer - 3 episodes)", "- Post-Partum (2007) ... (executive producer)", "- Moving Day (2007) ... (executive producer)", "- Meet the Babysitter (2007) ... (executive producer)", "2006 Starter for 10 (producer)", "2006 The Ant Bully (producer)", "2006 Neil Young: Heart of Gold (Documentary) (producer)", "2005 We re with the Band (TV Movie documentary) (producer)", "2005 Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon 3D (Documentary short) (producer)", "2004 The Polar Express (executive producer)", "2004 Connie and Carla (producer)", "2003 My Big Fat Greek Life (TV Series) (executive producer)", "2002 My Big Fat Greek Wedding (producer)", "2001 We Stand Alone Together (TV Movie documentary) (executive producer)", "2001 Band of Brothers (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 10 episodes)", "- Points (2001) ... (executive producer)", "- Why We Fight (2001) ... (executive producer)", "- The Last Patrol (2001) ... (executive producer)", "- The Breaking Point (2001) ... (executive producer)", "- Bastogne (2001) ... (executive producer)", "2000 West Point (TV Series) (executive producer - 2000)", "2000 Cast Away (producer)", "2000 American Experience (TV Series documentary) (producer - 1 episode)", "- Return with Honor (2000) ... (producer)", "1998 From the Earth to the Moon (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 12 episodes)", "- The Original Wives Club (1998) ... (executive producer)", "- Le voyage dans la lune (1998) ... (executive producer)", "- Galileo Was Right (1998) ... (executive producer)", "- For Miles and Miles (1998) ... (executive producer)", "- We Interrupt This Program (1998) ... (executive producer)", "A Man Called Ove (announced)", "2020 BIOS (pre-production)", "2019 A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood (post-production)", "2019 Toy Story 4 (post-production)", "2019 Greyhound (post-production)", "2017 The David S. Pumpkins Halloween Special (TV Short)", "2017/I The Circle", "2016/I Inferno", "2016 Sully", "Chesley Sully Sullenberger", "2016 Maya & Marty (TV Series)", "- Jimmy Fallon & Miley Cyrus (2016) ... Gene", "2016 A Hologram for the King", "Matthew Macauley", "2015 Bridge of Spies", "2015 Carly Rae Jepsen: I Really Like You (Video short)", "2014 Toy Story That Time Forgot (TV Short)", "2013 Saving Mr. Banks", "2013 Toy Story of Terror (TV Short)", "2013 Captain Phillips", "2012 Cloud Atlas", "Dr. Henry Goose / Hotel Manager / Isaac Sachs / ...", "2012 Electric City (TV Series short)", "- People Like a Good Show (2012) ... Cleveland Carr (voice)", "- No One Is Untraceable (2012) ... Cleveland Carr (voice)", "- Illumination Night (2012) ... Cleveland Carr (voice)", "- The Outside (2012) ... Cleveland Carr (voice)", "- Such Beauty from a Box (2012) ... Cleveland Carr (voice)", "2011 Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close", "Thomas Schell", "2011 Toy Story Toons: Small Fry (Short)", "- Leroy Petry (2011) ... James Lovell", "2011 Larry Crowne", "- 100: Part 2 (2011) ... Tom Hanks", "2010 The Pacific (TV Mini-Series)", "- Okinawa (2010) ... Narrator (voice, uncredited)", "- Peleliu Hills (2010) ... Narrator (voice, uncredited)", "- Peleliu Airfield (2010) ... Narrator (voice, uncredited)", "- Gloucester/Pavuvu/Banika (2010) ... Narrator (voice, uncredited)", "- Melbourne (2010) ... Narrator (voice, uncredited)", "2009 Beyond All Boundaries (Short)", "Emergency Button Guest / Provider of Sound Effects / Dr. Robert Langdon - Cookie Hunter", "- Episode #17.26 (2009) ... Emergency Button Guest", "- Episode #16.143 (2009) ... Provider of Sound Effects (uncredited)", "- Episode #16.141 (2009) ... Dr. Robert Langdon - Cookie Hunter (uncredited)", "2008 The Great Buck Howard", "Mr. Gable", "2007 Charlie Wilson s War", "2007 The Simpsons Movie", "Tom Hanks (voice)", "Woody Car (voice)", "2004 The Rutles 2: Can t Buy Me Lunch (TV Movie)", "Tom Hanks - Interviewee", "Hero Boy / Father / Conductor / ...", "2004 Elvis Has Left the Building", "Mailbox Elvis", "Viktor Navorski", "Professor G.H. Dorr", "Abraham Lincoln / Charles E. Wood / Jacob Coxey / ...", "- Whose Land Is This? (2003) ... Charles E. Wood", "- Working for Freedom (2003) ... Jacob Coxey", "- Wake Up America (2003) ... Reporter", "- Liberty for All (2003) ... Daniel Boone", "- Independence (2003) ... Paul Revere", "French Officer / British Officer", "- Why We Fight (2001) ... French Officer (uncredited)", "- Crossroads (2001) ... British Officer (uncredited)", "2000 Cast Away", "1999 The Green Mile", "1998 Saving Private Ryan", "1998 From the Earth to the Moon (TV Mini-Series)", "Jean-Luc Despont", "- Le voyage dans la lune (1998) ... Jean-Luc Despont", "1997 The Wonderful World of Disney (TV Series)", "- Toy Story (1997) ... Woody (voice)", "1996 That Thing You Do!", "1995/I Apollo 13", "1994 Vault of Horror I (TV Movie)", "1994 Forrest Gump", "1994 Bruce Springsteen: Streets of Philadelphia (Video short)", "Trouble Boy #1", "- I ll Be Waiting (1993) ... Trouble Boy #1", "1992 A League of Their Own", "Jimmy Dugan", "- None But the Lonely Heart (1992) ... Baxter", "1992 Radio Flyer", "Older Mike (uncredited)", "Sherman McCoy", "1990 Joe Versus the Volcano", "1989 Turner & Hooch", "1989 The Burbs", "1988 Punchline", "1987 Dragnet", "1986 Every Time We Say Goodbye", "1986 Nothing in Common", "David Basner", "1986 The Money Pit", "Walter Fielding", "Lawrence Bourne III", "1985 The Man with One Red Shoe", "1984 Bachelor Party", "Rick Gassko", "1983-1984 Family Ties (TV Series)", "Ned Donnelly", "- Say Uncle (1984) ... Ned Donnelly", "- The Fugitive: Part 2 (1983) ... Ned Donnelly", "1982 Mazes and Monsters (TV Movie)", "1982 Happy Days (TV Series)", "Dr. Dwayne Twitchell", "- A Little Case of Revenge (1982) ... Dr. Dwayne Twitchell", "1982 Taxi (TV Series)", "- The Road Not Taken: Part 1 (1982) ... Gordon", "1980-1982 Bosom Buddies (TV Series)", "Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- Not the Last Picture Show (1982) ... Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- Not with My Sister, You Pig (1982) ... Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- Who s on Thirst? (1982) ... Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- The Way Kip and Henry Were (1982) ... Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- Hildy s Dirt Nap (1982) ... Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- Sergeant Bull/Friends and Lovers/Miss Mother (1980) ... Rick Martin", "1980 He Knows You re Alone", "- Episode dated 26 October 2016 (2016) ... (performer: Big Rap - uncredited)", "2016 Lorraine (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode)", "2016 A Hologram for the King (performer: Once In A Lifetime )", "2015 The Late Late Show with James Corden (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode)", "- Tom Hanks/Mila Kunis (2015) ... (performer: You ve Got a Friend in Me - uncredited)", "2013 Saving Mr. Banks (performer: A Man Has Dreams )", "2011 30 Rock (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode)", "- 100: Part 2 (2011) ... (performer: My Life - uncredited)", "- Tom Hanks/Red Hot Chili Peppers (2006) ... (performer: Please Don t Cut My Testicles )", "2004 The Polar Express (performer: The Polar Express , Hot Chocolate )", "2002 Road to Perdition (performer: Perdition - Piano Duet (2002))", "2000 Cast Away (performer: Light My Fire )", "1999 Toy Story 2 (performer: You ve Got a Friend in Me )", "1996 That Thing You Do! (writer: Lovin You Lots and Lots , It s Not Far , La Se\u00f1ora De Dos Costas , Mr. Downtown , Voyage Around the Moon , Hold My Hand, Hold My Heart , Will You Marry Me? , Spartacus , Hollywood Showcase Theme )", "1990 Joe Versus the Volcano (performer: The Cowboy Song )", "1987 Dragnet (performer: City of Crime )", "1980-1982 Bosom Buddies (TV Series) (performer - 4 episodes)", "- The Way Kip and Henry Were (1982) ... (performer: Stay )", "- The Show Must Go On (1981) ... (performer: Breaking Up Is Hard to Do )", "- Loathe Thy Neighbor (1980) ... (performer: It s Not Unusual )", "- Pilot (1980) ... (performer: Macho Man )", "2019 Greyhound (screenplay) (post-production)", "2012 Electric City (TV Series short) (creator - 2 episodes)", "- The Voice of the City (2012) ... (creator)", "- Truth or Consequence (2012) ... (creator)", "2011 Larry Crowne (written by)", "2005 Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon 3D (Documentary short) (written by)", "2001 Band of Brothers (TV Mini-Series) (teleplay - 1 episode)", "- Currahee (2001) ... (teleplay)", "1998 From the Earth to the Moon (TV Mini-Series) (written by - 4 episodes)", "- The Original Wives Club (1998) ... (written by)", "- Le voyage dans la lune (1998) ... (written by)", "- That s All There Is (1998) ... (written by)", "- Mare Tranquilitatis (1998) ... (written by)", "1996 That Thing You Do! (written by)", "2001 Band of Brothers (TV Mini-Series) (1 episode)", "- Crossroads (2001)", "1998 From the Earth to the Moon (TV Mini-Series) (1 episode)", "- Can We Do This? (1998)", "1994 Vault of Horror I (TV Movie) (segment None but the lonely heart )", "1993 Fallen Angels (TV Series) (1 episode)", "- I ll Be Waiting (1993)", "1993 A League of Their Own (TV Series) (1 episode)", "- The Monkey s Curse (1993)", "1992 Tales from the Crypt (TV Series) (1 episode)", "- None But the Lonely Heart (1992)", "2018/I Generations (very special thanks)", "2018 Sweding: Boss in the gym (Short) (special thanks)", "2017 Name That Film (TV Series) (special thanks - 1 episode)", "- She Did It Right (2017) ... (special thanks)", "2014 Walking the Mile (Director s Cut) (Video documentary) (special thanks)", "2011 The Extraordinary Voyage (Documentary) (many thanks)", "2011 Corman s World: Exploits of a Hollywood Rebel (Documentary) (thanks)", "2010/I I m Still Here (special thanks)", "2010/II Morning (special thanks)", "2009 All the Presidents Movies: The Movie (Documentary) (thanks)", "2008 Surfer, Dude (very special thanks)", "2008 The Wackness (very special thanks)", "2007 Lose Weight with Cancer (Short) (very special thanks)", "2006 The Sci-Fi Boys (Documentary) (special thanks)", "2006 Who Killed the Electric Car? (Documentary) (special thanks)", "2004 The Polar Express (Video Game) (special thanks)", "2003 Concert for George (Video documentary) (special thanks)", "2002 Making a Splash (Video documentary short) (thanks)", "2001 The Making of Band of Brothers (TV Short documentary) (special thanks)", "2000 Walking the Mile (Video documentary short) (special thanks)", "1996 Lost Moon: The Triumph of Apollo 13 (Video documentary) (special thanks)", "1995 The Crypt Keeper Presents: A Spine-Tingling Look at Tales from the Crypt (Documentary short) (special thanks)", "- Tom Hanks (2019) ... Himself - Guest", "- If Visions of Sugarplums Last More Than Four Hours, Please Call Your Physician (2013) ... Himself - Guest", "- 50,000,000 Connie Selleca Fans Can t Be Wrong (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Murder, She Tweeted (2010) ... Himself - Guest", "2018 The Mayo Clinic, Faith, Hope and Science (TV Movie documentary)", "2018 Quincy (Documentary)", "2018 Beyond Boundaries: The Harvey Weinstein Scandal (Documentary)", "2018 The 2000s (TV Series documentary)", "- The i Decade (2018) ... Himself - Actor", "- The Platinum Age Of Television (2018) ... Himself - Actor", "Himself - Executive Producer / Himself - Plays Ben Bradlee / Himself - Guest", "- Episode dated 17 July 2018 (2018) ... Himself - Executive Producer", "- Episode dated 11 January 2018 (2018) ... Himself - Plays Ben Bradlee", "Himself / Robert Langdon", "- Part Four: Fall (2018) ... Himself - Actor", "- Part Two: Spring (2018) ... Himself - Actor", "- Part One: Winter (2018) ... Himself - Actor", "2018 The Post: Stop the Presses - Filming the Post (Documentary short)", "2018 The Post: The Style Section - Re-Creating an Era (Documentary short)", "2018 C \u00e0 vous (TV Series)", "- Tom Hanks/Maisie Williams/Anthony Joshua/First Aid Kit (2018) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Joseph Gordon-Levitt/Gemma Arterton/Mo Farah/Olly Murs (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Peter Capaldi/David Walliams/Duran Duran (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Nicole Scherzinger/Simon Pegg (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Meryl Streep (2018) ... Himself - Guest", "- Ellen s Season 14 Premiere Week: Day 4 (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Andrew McCutchen (2013) ... Himself - Guest", "- Jodie Foster/Tom Hanks (2017) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Katy Tur/Mac DeMarco (2017) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Anna Baryshnikov (2017) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Adam Conover (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Leslie Odom, Jr./The Strumbellas/Roy Haynes (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- Meryl Streep; Tom Hanks; Mark Weinberg (2017) ... Himself - Guest", "2017 The Axe Files (TV Series)", "- Tom Hanks (2017) ... Himself", "2014-2017 Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (TV Series)", "- Presidency of Donald Trump (2017) ... Himself - Guest", "- The Lottery (2014) ... Himself - Guest", "2017 Amy Adams: An American Cinematheque Tribute (TV Movie)", "Himself - Guest / Himself - Author, Uncommon Type", "- Episode #40.4 (2017) ... Himself - Author, Uncommon Type", "2017 Spielberg (TV Movie documentary)", "2017 XQ Super School Live (TV Movie)", "- The One About TV (2017) ... Himself - Actor", "Himself - Host / Himself / Various / ...", "- Dwayne Johnson/Katy Perry (2017) ... Himself / David S. Pimpkins (uncredited)", "- Tom Hanks/Lady Gaga (2016) ... Himself - Host / Sully / David S. Pumpkins", "- Justin Timberlake (2013) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- Martin Short/Paul McCartney (2012) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- Bruno Mars (2012) ... Himself / Kerry Lapkis / Robot (uncredited)", "2017 Ken Burns: America s Storyteller (TV Movie documentary)", "2017 Tom Brokaw at NBC News: The First 50 Years (TV Movie documentary)", "2017 Inferno: A Look at Langdon (Video documentary short)", "2017 Inferno: The Overpopulation Debate (Video documentary short)", "2017 Inferno: This Is Sienna Brooks (Video documentary short)", "2017 Inferno: Visions of Hell (Video documentary short)", "2017 Through Hell and Back: Dante s Enduring Influence (Video documentary short)", "Himself - Winner & Nominee", "2017 Taking the Stage: African American Music and Stories That Changed America (TV Special)", "2016 Sully: Neck Deep in the Hudson: - Shooting Sully (Video documentary short)", "2016 The British Academy Britannia Awards (TV Special)", "- Inferno/American Pastoral (2016) ... Himself", "- Phil Collins/Nico Tortorella/Tom Hanks & the Cast of Inferno (2016) ... Himself", "- Halloween Hacks!!! Week: Day 3 (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Carey Mulligan (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Diana Nyad (2013) ... Himself - Guest", "2016 Tom Hanks: A League of His Own (Documentary)", "- Episode dated 19 February 2009 (2009) ... Himself - Interviewee", "2016 Launching a Legacy: Interviews with Tom Hanks, Ron Howard, Dan Brown and Brian Grazer (Video documentary short)", "2016 Defying the Nazis: The Sharps War (Documentary)", "Waitstill Sharp (voice)", "- Tom Hanks/Kaleo (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- After the Oscars 2014 (2014) ... Himself - Guest", "- Jimmy Kimmel Live: After the Academy Awards (2012) ... Himself - Guest", "- After the Academy Awards (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "2016 California Typewriter (Documentary)", "2016 The Peter Austin Noto Show (TV Series)", "- The Tech Boom (2016) ... Himself - Actor", "- The Fight Against AIDS (2016) ... Himself - Actor", "- Raised on Television (2016) ... Himself - Actor", "2016 AFI Life Achievement Award: A Tribute to John Williams (TV Special)", "Woody - Presenter (voice)", "2016 A Case of the Cold War: Bridge of Spies (Video documentary short)", "2016 Berlin 1961: Re-Creating the Divide (Video documentary short)", "2016 Spy Swap : Looking Back on the Final Act (Video documentary short)", "2016 U-2 Spy Plane (Video documentary short)", "- Mike Nichols (2016) ... Himself", "- Inventing David Geffen (2012) ... Himself", "2015 Toy Story at 20: To Infinity and Beyond (TV Movie documentary)", "Himself - Woody", "- Tom Hanks/Jessica Chastain/Pentatonix (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "2015 The Seventies (TV Series documentary)", "- What s Goin On (2015) ... Himself - Actor", "- Television Gets Real (2015) ... Himself - Actor", "- I Really Like You Without Music (Carly Rae Jepsen) (2015) ... Himself", "2015 AFI Life Achievement Award: A Tribute to Steve Martin (TV Special)", "Himself - Pre-Taped Message", "- Tom Hanks/Eddie Vedder (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Sturgill Simpson (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Two Door Cinema Club (2013) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/cast of Pippin (2013) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Mila Kunis (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "2015 Misery Loves Comedy (Documentary)", "2015 Mulaney (TV Series)", "- French Roast (2015) ... Himself (uncredited)", "2014 The National Christmas Tree Lighting (TV Special)", "2014 The Concert for Valor (TV Special)", "2014 The Sixties (TV Series documentary)", "Himself - Actor / Producer", "- The Space Race (2014) ... Himself - Actor / Producer", "- The British Invasion (2014) ... Himself - Actor", "- When Television Came of Age (2014) ... Himself - Actor", "2014 Glad All Over: The Dave Clark Five and Beyond (TV Movie documentary)", "2014 EE British Academy Film Awards: The Red Carpet Show (TV Special)", "2014 The Night That Changed America: A Grammy Salute to the Beatles (TV Special)", "Himself (audience) (uncredited)", "2014 The Greatest Event in Television History (TV Series)", "- Bosom Buddies (2014) ... Himself", "2014 Capturing Captain Phillips (Video documentary)", "Himself - Nominee & Presenter (uncredited)", "2013 Asaichi (TV Series)", "- Episode dated 15 November 2013 (2013) ... Himself (as Tomu Hankusu)", "2013 Smap\u00d7Smap (TV Series)", "- Mitch Daniels (2012) ... Himself - Guest", "2013 Vanity Fair s Hollywood (TV Movie documentary)", "2013 Killing Lincoln (TV Movie)", "- Wetten, dass..? aus Bremen (2012) ... Himself", "- Wetten, dass..? aus B\u00f6blingen (2003) ... Himself", "2012 Night of Too Many Stars: America Comes Together for Autism Programs (TV Special)", "2012 Radioman (Documentary)", "2012 The Road We ve Traveled (Documentary short)", "2012 The Rosie Show (TV Series)", "- A Tribute to Penny Marshall (2012) ... Himself - Guest", "2011/II Rebuild (Documentary short)", "2011 Steve Jobs: One Last Thing (TV Movie documentary)", "2011 Prohibition (TV Mini-Series documentary)", "- A Nation of Scofflaws (2011) ... Reader (voice)", "- A Nation of Drunkards (2011) ... Reader (voice)", "2011 Boatlift (Documentary short)", "- Tom Hanks Talks Toy Story 4 (for the first time) and Larry Crowne! (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Oprah s Farewell Spectacular, Part 2 (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Oprah s Farewell Spectacular: Part 1 (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks and Julia Roberts Their Oprah Show Farewell (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks (2011) ... Himself - Interviewee", "2011 The 3 Minute Talk Show (TV Series)", "2011 Corman s World: Exploits of a Hollywood Rebel (Documentary)", "2011 Pixar: 25 Magic Moments (TV Movie documentary)", "2010 Toy Story 3: The Gang s All Here (Video documentary short)", "Himself / Woody", "- Tom Hanks Talks Larry Crowne & Toy Story 4 with Tween Reporter Piper Reese on the Red Carpet ... Himself - Guest", "- John Candy (2010) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks: The Luckiest Man in the World (2002) ... Himself", "- Ron Howard: Hollywood s Favorite Son (1999) ... Himself", "- To John with Love: A Tribute to John Candy (1995) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks/Will Ferrell/Neil Young (2010) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Green Day (2009) ... Himself - Guest", "2009 Streisand: Live in Concert (TV Special)", "2009 Getting Past Impossible: Forrest Gump and the Visual Effects Revolution (Video documentary short)", "Himself / Forrest Gump", "2009 The Art of Screenplay Adaptation (Video documentary short)", "2009 The 25th Anniversary Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Concert (TV Special)", "2009 CERN: Pushing the Frontiers of Human Knowledge (Video documentary short)", "2009 Angels & Demons: Characters in the Search of the True Story (Video documentary short)", "2009 Angels & Demons: Handling Props (Video short)", "2009 Angels & Demons: Rome Was Not Built in a Day (Video documentary short)", "2009 Angels & Demons: The Full Story (Video documentary short)", "2009 Angels & Demons: This Is an Ambigram (Video short)", "2009 Writing Angels & Demons (Video documentary short)", "Himself - Audience", "- The Los Angeles Philharmonic Opening Gala with Gustavo Dudamel (2009) ... Himself - Audience (uncredited)", "2009 The National Parks: America s Best Idea (TV Mini-Series documentary)", "- Great Nature: 1933-1945 (2009) ... Reader (voice)", "- Going Home: 1920-1933 (2009) ... Reader (voice)", "- The Empire of Grandeur: 1915-1919 (2009) ... Reader (voice)", "- The Last Refuge: 1890-1915 (2009) ... Reader (voice)", "- The Scripture of Nature: 1851-1890 (2009) ... Reader (voice)", "- Episode dated 16 May 2009 (2009) ... Himself - Interviewee", "- Tom Hank (2009) ... Himself - Guest", "1994-2009 Gomorron (TV Series)", "Himself / Himself - Om Filmen / Forrest Gump", "- Om filmen Cast Away (2001) ... Himself - Om Filmen", "- 1995-10-22 (1995) ... Himself", "- Om filmen Forest Gump (1994) ... Himself / Forrest Gump", "2009 The Da Vinci Code: Unlocking the Code (Video documentary short)", "2009 We Are One: The Obama Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial (TV Special)", "2008 A Timeless Call (Documentary short)", "2008 Sexo en serie (TV Movie documentary)", "2008 Making John Adams (Video documentary short)", "Himself - Executive Producer", "2008 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony (TV Special)", "2008 A Hero s Journey: The Making of Beowulf (Video documentary short)", "2008 The Making of Charlie Wilson s War (Video short)", "Himself / HImself / Joe Fox", "- Charlie Wilson s War (2007) ... Himself", "- The Polar Express (2004) ... Himself", "- Catch Me If You Can (2002) ... HImself", "- The Making of Road to Perdition (2002) ... Himself", "2007 The War (TV Mini-Series documentary)", "Al McIntosh / Al Mcintosh", "- A World Without War: March 1945 - September 1945 (2007) ... Al McIntosh (voice)", "- The Ghost Front: December 1944 - March 1945 (2007) ... Al McIntosh", "- FUBAR: September 1944 - December 1944 (2007) ... Al McIntosh", "- Pride of Our Nation: June 1944 - August 1944 (2007) ... Al McIntosh (voice)", "- A Deadly Calling: November 1943 - June 1944 (2007) ... Al McIntosh (voice)", "2007 The Pixar Story (Documentary)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: A Portrait of Langdon (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Close-Up on the Mona Lisa (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Filmmaker s Journey (Video documentary)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: First Day on the Set with Ron Howard (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Magical Places (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Re-Creating Works of Art (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Unusual Suspects (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Who Is Sophie Neveu? (Video short)", "2006 Forbes Celebrity 100: Who Made Bank? (TV Movie)", "- Tom Hanks: 2 (2006) ... Himself - Guest", "2006 Who Needs Sleep? (Documentary)", "2006 Moving Image Salutes Ron Howard (TV Movie)", "2005 The Mark Twain Prize: Steve Martin (TV Special documentary)", "2005 Why Shakespeare? (Video short documentary)", "2004 4Pop (TV Series documentary)", "- Hulluna korkokenkiin (2004) ... Himself", "- R n b haastaa iskelm\u00e4n (2004) ... Himself", "2004 Landing: Airport Stories (Video documentary short)", "2004 Waiting for the Flight: Building The Terminal (Video documentary short)", "2004 Ahora (TV Series)", "2004 Bambi Verleihung 2004 (TV Movie)", "Himself - Crowd Member", "2004 Steven Spielberg: The Man and His Movies (TV Movie documentary)", "2004 World War II Memorial Dedication (TV Movie documentary)", "Himself - Guest Speaker", "2004 Filmland (TV Series documentary)", "2004 Saving Private Ryan : Boot Camp (Video documentary short)", "2004 Saving Private Ryan : Miller and His Platoon (Video documentary short)", "2004 Saving Private Ryan : Parting Thoughts (Video short)", "2004 Saving Private Ryan : Re-Creating Omaha Beach (Video documentary short)", "2004 Making Saving Private Ryan (Video documentary short)", "2003 People Like Us: Making Philadelphia (Video documentary)", "2003 Rebels of Oakland: The A s, the Raiders, the 70s (TV Movie documentary)", "Himself - Oakland Resident 1966-1976", "2003 Heroes... Twenty Years with AIDS Project Los Angeles (TV Movie documentary)", "2003 Horatio s Drive: America s First Road Trip (TV Movie documentary)", "Horatio Nelson Jackson (voice)", "2003 Concert for George (Video documentary)", "Mountie (uncredited)", "- Penny Marshall (2003) ... Himself", "2003 Catch Me If You Can : The Casting of the Film (Video documentary short)", "2003 Hollywood Celebrates Denzel Washington: An American Cinematheque Tribute (TV Special documentary)", "2003 The 14th Annual Producers Guild of America Awards (TV Special)", "2003 Taff (TV Series)", "- Geena Davis (2002) ... Himself", "2002 Life with Bonnie (TV Series)", "- What If? (2002) ... Himself", "2002 Making a Splash (Video documentary short)", "Himself / Allen Bauer", "- Filmfestspiele Venedig (2002) ... Himself", "2002 The Making of Road to Perdition (TV Short documentary)", "Himself / Michael Sullivan", "2002 The Honeymooners 50th Anniversary Celebration (TV Movie)", "2002 Primetime Glick (TV Series)", "- Tom Hanks/Ben Stiller (2002) ... Himself", "2001 The Island (Video short)", "2001 The Making of Band of Brothers (TV Short documentary)", "2001 The Making of Cast Away (Video documentary short)", "2001 Wilson: The Life and Death of a Hollywood Extra (Video documentary short)", "2001 Rescued from the Closet (Video documentary)", "- Joan Rivers (2001) ... Himself", "1999-2001 The Directors (TV Series documentary)", "- The Films of Garry Marshall (2001) ... Himself", "- The Films of Steven Spielberg (2000) ... Himself", "- The Films of Ron Howard (1999) ... Himself", "- The Films of Nora Ephron ... Himself", "2001 Scene by Scene (TV Series)", "2001 The Big Breakfast (TV Series)", "2000 Behind the Scenes: Cast Away (Video documentary)", "Himself - Actor (segment Tom Hanks )", "- Notra Trulock/Tom Hanks/The Rosenberg Case (2000) ... Himself - Actor (segment Tom Hanks )", "2000 Shooting War (TV Movie documentary)", "- Return with Honor (2000) ... Himself - Narrator", "Himself / Paul Edgecomb", "1999 Stephen King: Shining in the Dark (TV Movie documentary)", "1999 The Story Behind Toy Story (Video documentary short)", "1999 The Miracle of The Green Mile (TV Short documentary)", "1998 Into the Breach: Saving Private Ryan (Video documentary short)", "1998 Return to Normandy (Video documentary)", "1998 Famous Families (TV Series documentary)", "- Tom Hanks and Rita Wilson: That Thing They Do (1998) ... Himself", "1998 Return with Honor (Documentary)", "- Show n\u00ba 121 (1998) ... Himself", "1998 Extra Rosa (TV Series)", "- The Space Program (1998) ... Himself - Guest", "- The Original Wives Club (1998) ... Himself - Host", "- Galileo Was Right (1998) ... Himself - Host", "- For Miles and Miles (1998) ... Himself - Host", "- We Interrupt This Program (1998) ... Himself - Host", "- That s All There Is (1998) ... Himself - Host", "1997 I Am Your Child (TV Movie documentary)", "1997 Ruby Wax Meets... (TV Series documentary)", "- Show #200 (1997) ... Himself", "1996 Lost Moon: The Triumph of Apollo 13 (Video documentary)", "- The Pallbearer/Barb Wire/Last Dance/The Great White Hype/The Craft (1996) ... Himself", "- The Quick and the Dead/Shallow Grave/The Jerky Boys: The Movie/Crumb (1995) ... Himself", "- Memo to the Academy - 1994 (1994) ... Himself", "1996 AFI Life Achievement Award: A Tribute to Steven Spielberg (TV Special documentary)", "Himself - Winner & Accepting Award for Favourite Dramatic Motion Picture / Favorite Motion Picture", "1996 2nd Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards (TV Special)", "1995 The Crypt Keeper Presents: A Spine-Tingling Look at Tales from the Crypt (Documentary short)", "1995 The Siskel & Ebert Interviews (TV Special)", "- Bald Star in Hot Oil Fest! (1995) ... Himself", "1995 The Celluloid Closet (Documentary)", "1995 The Making of Apollo 13 (Documentary short)", "1995 Barbra: The Concert (TV Special)", "Himself - Concert Attendee (uncredited)", "1995 Hasty Pudding Awards (TV Special)", "Himself - Winner, Presenter & Accepting Award for Favorite Motion Picture", "1995 1st Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards (TV Special)", "1994 The Wonderful World of Disney: 40 Years of Television Magic (TV Movie documentary)", "1994 Through the Eyes of Forrest Gump (TV Movie documentary)", "1994 Primer plano (TV Series)", "1994 The Essence Awards (TV Special)", "1994 The 5th Annual GLAAD Media Awards (TV Special)", "1994 Clive James (TV Series)", "1992 The 6th Annual American Comedy Awards (TV Special)", "1991 The Best of Disney: 50 Years of Magic (TV Movie documentary)", "1990 Joe Versus the Volcano: Behind the Scenes (Video documentary short)", "1989 Saturday Night Live: 15th Anniversary (TV Special)", "1988 The Media Show (TV Series documentary)", "1988 Aspel & Company (TV Series)", "2019 Tucker Carlson Tonight (TV Series)", "- Episode dated 7 February 2019 (2019) ... Himself - Actor", "Himself / Himself - The Love Boat / Himself - Author, Uncommon Type", "- ET s Exclusive First Look! (2019) ... Himself", "- Graham Norton s Good Guest Guide (2018) ... Himself", "- Barry Norman (2017) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- We All Have to Fight and Be Loud (2017) ... Himself", "2017 SNL Presents: Halloween (TV Movie)", "2017 Diana: The Day Britain Cried (TV Movie documentary)", "2017 Abandoned (TV Series documentary short)", "- Cancelled - The Tonight Show With Conan O Brien (2017) ... Himself", "2017 The Fabulous Allan Carr (Documentary)", "2017 Full Frontal with Samantha Bee (TV Series)", "- February 1, 2017 (2017) ... Viktor Navorski", "2017 National Endowment for the Arts: United States of Arts (TV Series documentary short)", "- American Film Institute (2017) ... Himself", "2017 50/50 (critique) (TV Mini-Series)", "- La Ligne Verte (2017)", "- Guest Co-Host Michael Buble/Tom Hanks/Blair Underwood/Abbi Jacobson (2016) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks/Priyanka Chopra (2015) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks/Josh Hutcherson/Colbie Caillat (2014) ... Himself", "- A New Year s Eve Retrospective (2013) ... Himself", "- The Best in Late Show Retrospectacular End-of-Year Wrapupabration! 1 (2016) ... Himself", "2016 Sully: Sully Sullenberger - The Man Behind the Miracle (Video documentary short)", "Himself - Chesley Sully Sullenberger", "- Episode dated 26 October 2016 (2016) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- Presidential Debate (2016) ... Himself", "- Hidden Treasures: We Find, You Keep (2015) ... Himself", "2016 There s Something About Romcoms (TV Movie documentary)", "Himself - Producer, My Big Fat Greek Wedding", "2016 Nostalgia Critic (TV Series)", "Forrest Gump / Captain Miller", "- When Are Critics Wrong? (2016) ... Forrest Gump / Captain Miller", "2016 Duels (TV Series documentary)", "- Elisabeth II - Lady Diana, Duel Royal (2016) ... Himself", "2016 Do They Know It? (TV Series)", "- Do Teens Know 90 s Romance Movies? (2016)", "Robbie Wheeling / Professor G.H. Dorr / Captain Miller / ...", "- Star Wars, Buster Keaton, Dinosaur (2016) ... Robbie Wheeling", "- Three Cases of Murder (2015) ... Professor G.H. Dorr", "- Catch-22 (2015) ... Captain Miller", "- Ishtar (2015) ... Josh", "2015 Els dies clau (TV Series documentary)", "- 25 de juliol de 1985: s anuncia que Rock Hudson t\u00e9 la sida (2015) ... Andrew Beckett", "2015 Keith Richards: Under the Influence (Documentary)", "- Out (2015) ... Andrew Beckett", "2015 Conspiracy (TV Series documentary)", "- The Nazi King (2015) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- Guests: gTime Johnny and PaulsEgo - Erotic Brony Fiction - Wild Bill - And More! (2015) ... Himself", "2014 Animation Lookback (TV Series documentary)", "- The Best of Stop Motion - Ray Harryhausen 2/2 (2014) ... Himself", "2014 That s Life!! Kilorenzos Smith in Talks... (TV Series documentary)", "- 2nd Indie Fest of YouTube Videos 2014 (2014) ... Himself", "2014 Walking the Mile (Director s Cut) (Video documentary)", "2014 Somewhere Over the Rainbow (TV Movie documentary)", "Andrew Beckett (uncredited)", "2014 The Greatest 80s Movies (TV Movie documentary)", "2014 Stop at Nothing: The Lance Armstrong Story (Documentary)", "- Amanda Seyfried/Will Ferrell and Chad Smith/Red Hot Chili Peppers (2014) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- Bill Cosby/Joby Ogwyn/Nathan East (2014) ... Himself (uncredited)", "2014 You Can t Kill Tom Hanks! Interview mit Regisseur Joe Dante (Video documentary short)", "Ray Peterson (uncredited)", "2014 The Second Annual On Cinema Oscar Special (TV Special)", "2013 Greatest Ever Christmas Movies (TV Movie documentary)", "- Episode #22.48 (2013) ... Captain Richard Phillips", "2013 Saturday Night Live: Halloween (TV Special)", "The Merryville Brothers (uncredited)", "- Movie Guide 2: Part 13 (2013) ... Captain Richard Phillips", "2013 Killing Lincoln: An Interview with Author Bill O Reilly (Video documentary short)", "2013 Uncovering the Truth: Killing Lincoln (Documentary short)", "2012 1002 Momentos de la tele (TV Series)", "2012 Fox Files (TV Series)", "- Sinatra Jr. Kidnaping/Super Dogs!/Gary Sinise, Man on a Mission (2012) ... Forrest Gump", "Himself - Academy Award Winning Actor", "- Whistleblowers (2011) ... Himself - Award Winning Actor", "- Until It Happens to You (2011) ... Himself - Award Winning Actor", "2011 The Extraordinary Voyage (Documentary)", "Rick Gassko / Himself / Paul Edgecomb", "- Tawny Kitaen (2011) ... Rick Gassko", "- Dustin Hoffman: First in His Class (2002) ... Himself", "- Stephen King: Fear, Fame and Fortune (2000) ... Paul Edgecomb", "2011 Today Tonight (TV Series)", "- Episode dated 8 March 2011 (2011) ... Woody", "Walter Fielding, Jr.", "- Especial redoblajes (2011) ... Walter Fielding, Jr. (uncredited)", "2011 Saturday Night Live Backstage (TV Special documentary)", "2008-2010 That Fellow in the Coat (TV Series)", "- A Look Back at the Animated Features of 2010 (2010) ... Woody", "- Character Profile: The Toy Story Aliens (2008) ... Woody", "2010 Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy (Video documentary)", "Dr. Robert Langdon (uncredited)", "- Kings Ransom (2009) ... Himself (uncredited)", "2009 Io sono l amore", "2008-2009 5 Second Movies (TV Series)", "Forrest Gump / Josh Baskin", "- Forrest Gump (2009) ... Forrest Gump", "- Big (2008) ... Josh Baskin", "2008 The Magical World of Trains (Video documentary)", "2008 Ceremonia de inauguraci\u00f3n - 56\u00ba Festival internacional de cine de San Sebasti\u00e1n (TV Special)", "Himself / Himself - Patriot (segment Pinheads & Patriots )", "- Episode dated 7 July 2008 (2008) ... Himself - Patriot (segment Pinheads & Patriots )", "- Movies (2007) ... Josh", "2007 Saturday Night Live in the 90s: Pop Culture Nation (TV Special documentary)", "2007 Canada A.M. (TV Series)", "2006 The Queen", "Himself / Sherman McCoy / Jimmy Dugan / ... (uncredited)", "2006 The Sci-Fi Boys (Documentary)", "Walter Fielding Jr.", "- Episode dated 14 March 2006 (2006) ... Walter Fielding Jr.", "2006 Who Killed the Electric Car? (Documentary)", "- Shredded Plane (2006) ... Chuck Noland", "2005 El oficio de actor (TV Movie documentary)", "2005 Saturday Night Live: The Best of Jon Lovitz (TV Special)", "Various Characters (uncredited)", "2005 I Love the 90s: Part Deux (TV Series documentary)", "Himself / Various", "2004 101 Biggest Celebrity Oops (TV Special documentary)", "2003 Get Up, Stand Up (TV Series documentary)", "- What s Going On (2003) ... Himself (uncredited)", "2003 I Love the 80s Strikes Back (TV Series documentary)", "- 35 Years and 60 Minutes (2003) ... Himself - Actor", "- Wie wenig \u00fcberraschend Fernsehen sein kann. (2003) ... Carl Hanratty", "2001 Backstory (TV Series documentary)", "- Big (2001) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks & Rita Wilson (2000) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks", "2000 Lord Stanley s Cup: Hockey s Ultimate Prize (Video documentary)", "Himself / Josh / Rick Gassko", "Mr. Short-Term Memory (uncredited)", "Barry the Roadie (uncredited)", "- Om filmen R\u00e4dda menige Ryan (1998) ... Himself", "1998 Sharon Stone - Una mujer de 100 caras (TV Movie documentary)", "1998 The Harryhausen Chronicles (TV Movie documentary)", "1996 The Universal Story (TV Movie documentary)", "- One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1995) ... Himself - Actor", "- Quadriplegia, Nymphomania, and HIV-Positive Night (1995) ... Andrew Beckett", "1993 Hard Copy (TV Series)", "- Celebrity Past Live (1993) ... Himself", "1993 The Best of Saturday Night Live: 1989 (Video)", "1992 Saturday Night Live: Presidential Bash (TV Special)", "Peter Jennings (uncredited)", "1992 Best of Saturday Night Live: Special Edition (Video)", "1986 Thompson Twins: Nothing in Common (Video short)", "1999: TV commercial for The National World War II Memorial See more \u00bb", "1 Biographical Movie | 3 Print Biographies | 26 Interviews | 48 Articles | 9 Pictorials | 66 Magazine Cover Photos | See more \u00bb", "Tomu Hankusu", "[on Harvey Weinstein] We re at a watershed moment, this is a sea change. His last name will become a noun and a verb. It will become an identifying moniker for a state of being for which there was a before and an after. See more \u00bb", "Attended California State University, Sacramento. See more \u00bb", "Frequently plays ordinary characters in extraordinary situations See more \u00bb" ] }, { "url": "https://www.listchallenges.com/complete-list-of-tom-hanks-movies", "title": "Complete List of Tom Hanks Movies", "content": [ "Complete List of Tom Hanks Movies", "A complete list of films Tom Hanks has either appeared in or has helped produce, please select the ones you have seen. (Updated October 2019.)", "made by Stacey.mcculloch91", "Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon (2005)" ] }, { "url": "https://entertainism.com/complete-list-of-tom-hanks-movies-in-chronological-order", "title": "A Complete List of Tom Hanks Movies in Chronological Order", "content": [ "A Complete List of Tom Hanks Movies in Chronological Order", "Tom Hanks has pretty much ruled the roost in mainstream Hollywood for over two decades now. Entertainism gives you a comprehensive account of this fine actor s commendable body of work.", "Here s to the real Mr. Banks!", "As of 2012, Tom Hanks films have grossed over USD 4.2 billion solely within the United States, along with over USD 8.5 billion worldwide, making him one of the most bankable box office stars in Hollywood.", "With a career spanning over 35 years, Tom Hanks ranks among Hollywood s top brass. Like most of his illustrious contemporaries, Hanks too has dabbled in film production, writing, and direction, besides showcasing his solid acting talents on celluloid.", "His work has earned him numerous nominations, awards, and honors, including a Golden Globe and an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in Philadelphia, and a Golden Globe, an Academy Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and a People s Choice Award for his role in Forrest Gump.", "Hanks collaborated efforts with acclaimed film director Steven Spielberg have given us memorable movies like Saving Private Ryan, Catch Me If You Can, and The Terminal, as well as the 2001 mini-series Band of Brothers, which launched Hanks as a successful director, producer, and writer.", "Here s a decade-wise look at all the movies featuring Tom Hanks.", "Year Movie Character", "1980 He Knows You re Alone Elliot", "1984 Splash Allen Bauer", "Bachelor Party Rick Gassko", "1985 The Man with One Red Shoe Richard Harlan Drew", "Volunteers Lawrence Whatley Bourne III", "1986 The Money Pit Walter Fielding, Jr.", "Nothing in Common David Basner", "Every Time We Say Goodbye David Bradley", "1987 Dragnet Det. Pep Streebek", "1988 Big Josh Baskin", "Punchline Steven Gold", "1989 The Burbs Ray Peterson", "Turner & Hooch Det. Scott Turner", "1990 Joe Versus the Volcano Joe Banks", "The Bonfire of the Vanities Sherman McCoy", "1992 Radio Flyer Older Mike", "A League of Their Own Jimmy Dugan", "1993 Sleepless in Seattle Sam Baldwin", "Philadelphia Andrew Beckett", "1994 Forrest Gump Forrest Gump", "1995 Apollo 13 Jim Lovell", "1996 That Thing You Do! Mr. White", "1998 Saving Private Ryan Captain John H. Miller", "You ve Got Mail Joe Fox", "1999 Toy Story 2 Woody", "The Green Mile Paul Edgecomb", "2000 Cast Away Chuck Noland", "2002 Road to Perdition Michael Sullivan, Sr.", "Catch Me If You Can Carl Hanratty", "2004 The Ladykillers Professor G.H. Dorr", "The Terminal Viktor Navorski", "The Polar Express Multiple characters", "2006 The Da Vinci Code Robert Langdon", "Cars Woody Car", "2007 Charlie Wilson s War Charlie Wilson", "The Simpsons Movie Himself", "2009 The Great Buck Howard Mr. Gable", "Angels & Demons Robert Langdon", "2011 Larry Crowne Larry Crowne", "Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close Thomas Schell Jr.", "2012 Cloud Atlas Several characters", "2013 Captain Phillips Captain Richard Phillips", "Saving Mr. Banks Walt Disney", "In keeping with his powerhouse performances, Tom Hanks upcoming project as an actor happens to be A Hologram For the King, based on the Dave Eggers novel. His numerous fans also await his reappearance as Robert Langdon in Dan Brown s next thriller, The Lost Symbol." ] }, { "url": "https://www.vulture.com/article/best-tom-hanks-movies-ranked.html", "title": "The Best Tom Hanks Movies Ranked Vulture", "content": [ "Every Tom Hanks Movie Performance, Ranked", "Tom Hanks, icon. Photo: Vulture and Courtesy of the Studios", "This article was originally published in 2016 and has been updated to include Tom Hanks\u2019s recent work.", "You might say there\u2019s a unified theory of Hanks: The actor contains multitudes, but is always Tom Hanks. As a result, he\u2019s often accused of playing one character: the fundamentally decent, good-hearted, noble but humble all-American Everyman. There\u2019s some truth to this, of course \u2014 Hanks wouldn\u2019t work as Travis Bickle, no matter how hard he tried. But it\u2019s not fair to paint Hanks as playing the same character over and over, and it certainly wouldn\u2019t be fair to say that he doesn\u2019t challenge himself or take chances. Hanks has transformed himself from the party dude of Bachelor Party to the romantic lead of Sleepless in Seattle to the war hero of Saving Private Ryan to the six different characters he plays, amusingly, in Cloud Atlas. The guy might only play a certain number of notes, but he always manages to make them sound unique.", "Thus, we present you with our complete ranking of Tom Hanks\u2019s 46 movies, up to and including this week\u2019s A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood. A note: We limited our guide to live-action movies only, meaning Hanks\u2019s superb turns in the four Toy Story films aren\u2019t on the list. It goes without saying that there\u2019s never a bad time to watch a Toy Story movie.", "46. Angels and Demons (2009)", "Hanks always looks a little ridiculous in these movies \u2014 and they\u2019ve always felt like his one way to assure himself a studio hit; outside the Toy Story movies, they\u2019re the only sequels he has ever done \u2014 but this one is preposterous and flimsy. Hanks gives low-key performances all the time, but this is the only time he has looked actively bored.", "45. He Knows You\u2019re Alone (1981)", "Hanks\u2019s movie debut was a slasher film that\u2019s an obvious Halloween knockoff, right down to the mask and music. It\u2019s cheapo schlock, but it\u2019ll live forever because of Hanks\u2019s appearance as a student who\u2019s skeptical that the protagonist is really being stalked. His dialogue clearly sets him up to be murdered, but the filmmakers liked him so much that they decided to let his character live. Even in his first movie, Hanks was charming everybody.", "44. The Man With One Red Shoe (1985)", "An instantly forgettable \u201ccomedy thriller\u201d in which Hanks plays a doofus concert pianist thrust clumsily into a murder mystery. He\u2019s clearly dialed up a little too high in order to carry a thin, empty premise, but still, check out the supporting cast: Dabney Coleman, Charles Durning, Jim Belushi, Edward Herrmann, and a finally-done-playing-Leia (for another 30 years, anyway) Carrie Fisher.", "43. The Circle (2017)", "How Dave Eggers\u2019s smart novel about technology got turned into this total mess of a movie remains a little baffling two years after its release. James Ponsoldt is a smart director who would seem to have a natural affinity to this material, the cast is once-in-a-lifetime great (Emma Watson! John Boyega! Patton Oswalt! Bill Paxton\u2019s last role!), and the time would seem right for a good hard look at what exactly the human tolls of massive corporate tech really are. Unfortunately, the movie is a fiasco from the start, confused, disorganized, and often nonsensical; this one just appears to have gotten away from Ponsoldt. Hanks could have been a perfect fit as the supposedly wise, benevolent Steve Jobs\u2013type character who is secretly a supervillain, but the movie can\u2019t focus enough on him to let him do much more than make a couple of speeches and then sneer lightly when he gets his comeuppance. It\u2019s a shame: This would have been a great Tom Hanks bad guy performance if the movie had just let it happen.", "\u201cI did everything I could to make it work,\u201d Hanks said in 1992 about this Brian De Palma debacle. \u201cAnd the fallout from it was that it makes you reflect for a while. You question yourself. But what can you do? You take your shots and you swing away.\u201d Yes, this adaptation of Tom Wolfe\u2019s Zeitgeist-y novel was a failure, but it\u2019s an interesting failure in lots of ways, not least of which is watching Hanks trying to play the story\u2019s Master-of-the-Universe Wall Street operative. He has the character\u2019s All-American features but not the toxic spirit, which fatally wounds the entire film. It\u2019s but one problem with a high-profile bust that at least inspired a pretty good behind-the-scenes tell-all.", "The Robert Langdon movies are generally Hanks at his worst \u2014 not bad, necessarily, but his most complacent and going through the motions \u2014 and while this one isn\u2019t the worst of the bunch, he doesn\u2019t give it much extra oomph. As our colleague Jackson McHenry noted, Inferno provides a slight twist on \u201cthe young woman following Robert Langdon through historical landmarks\u201d formula, but not in any way that justifies its existence. Please, let Hanks be done with these now.", "There were times, early on, when Hanks\u2019s white-bread geniality would be forced to do too much of the heavy lifting, and this strained comedy with Shelley Long is a great example. The one-joke premise is that the dream house Hanks and Long have bought is falling apart, and the movie keeps trying to find new ways to make that exact point, with diminishing results. Hanks doesn\u2019t look bored with this lane yet, but he is starting to seem a little exhausted.", "39. Every Time We Say Goodbye (1986)", "This was Hanks\u2019s first attempt at \u201cstretching\u201d in a saccharine love story set during World War II in which he plays a soldier who loses his true love. Hanks hadn\u2019t quite figured out how to calibrate Comedy vs. Serious yet, so he responds to this \u201cserious\u201d challenge by basically shutting down his charisma altogether. He would get much better at finding the balance.", "In this mostly dull bauble about a kid (Colin Hanks) who works for a possibly fraudulent huckster magician (John Malkovich), Hanks shows up briefly as a skeptical dad. This is the first and only time Hanks plays the father of his real-life son Colin, and he\u2019s amiable enough to show up and then get out of his kid\u2019s way.", "37. The \u2019Burbs (1989)", "A theoretically \u201cdark\u201d comedy about a bored suburban dad who begins to think his neighbors are murderers. There\u2019s a lot to be mined here, but Hanks and his director, Joe Dante \u2014 who would go on to till this field far better in other movies \u2014 go way too broad way too often. The movie dissolves into nonsense by the end. In 1989, Hanks made this and that dog movie \u2026 and then wisely moved in a whole new direction.", "36. Nothing in Common (1986)", "Hanks plays an advertising executive whose life is turned upside down \u2014 this is the exact description of many Hanks roles at this time \u2014 when his parents (Jackie Gleason and Eva Marie Saint) get divorced and he has to take care of both of them. This is high-concept and tiresome, and Gleason, in particular, hams it up every time he\u2019s onscreen, but this was the start of Hanks\u2019s pivot toward a more \u201cserious\u201d screen persona. He\u2019s not particularly funny in the film; he\u2019s trying to play this one straight. Nothing in Common wasn\u2019t the appropriate vehicle for that, but the instinct was right.", "It\u2019s tough for Hanks to play a total jerk, but he\u2019s definitely a snobby jerk in this Nicholas Meyer comedy about a rich kid who has to escape angry creditors pursuing a gambling debt by joining the Peace Corps. There\u2019s not much here \u2014 it was the end of an aborted Hanks-and-Candy comedy team \u2014 but it is where Hanks met his wife Rita Wilson, so there\u2019s that.", "The buddy cop-with-a-dog movie that, despite being a hit, famously inspired Hanks to start reevaluating his career \u2014 making the pivot that would win him multiple Oscars \u2014 Turner & Hooch isn\u2019t that terrible. (Well, it\u2019s not any worse than Tango & Cash, how about that?) However, proceed with caution: If you get sad when a dog dies in a movie, you will cry a lot. (Er, spoiler alert?)", "Amazingly, this is one of two movies in which Hanks plays six characters. The technologically groundbreaking but narratively uneven Polar Express animates Chris Van Allsburg\u2019s children\u2019s book through what was a fancy new innovation at the time: motion-capture. The dead-eyed look of the film\u2019s characters still haunts our dreams, but we also object to Hanks\u2019s overly cutesy performances as the conductor, Santa Claus, and others. It\u2019s a fine line when acting in a movie that\u2019s meant to be magical: You get the balance wrong, and the whole thing ends up feeling aggressively adorable and self-satisfied.", "Hanks and Ron Howard\u2019s adaptation of Dan Brown\u2019s blockbuster novel is by-the-numbers and uninspired, but it\u2019s professionally done in a way that\u2019s mostly inoffensive. Still, these are two ambitious and creative people, and it feels like a waste to have them going through the paces of this sort of hackery.", "31. Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close (2011)", "There are many, many reasons people hate this 9/11 drama, but it\u2019s hard to put the blame on Hanks. That\u2019s largely because he\u2019s barely in it, playing the dead father of the film\u2019s autistic young hero (Thomas Horn) who goes on a quest across the city to solve a riddle his dad left for him. In flashbacks, Hanks is more than credible as a man who fears for his sensitive son, but the overt preciousness of this Oscar-nominated enterprise makes it hard to see that sincerity through the aggressive pretension.", "30. Larry Crowne (2011)", "Hanks\u2019s second film as director was a bust: a well-intentioned look at working-class Americans who were rocked by the 2008 financial collapse that ended up playing patronizing and glib. He plays Larry, a normal joe who gets fired from his Walmart-like job and has to reinvent himself, falling in love with Julia Roberts\u2019s college professor in the process. Larry Crowne is the sort of movie that makes you understand why conservatives go off on tirades about out-of-touch, liberal Hollywood stars. There isn\u2019t a whiff of reality to this story, and Hanks is like an alien trying to play an everyman \u2014 he\u2019s rarely seemed so uncomfortable and unconvincing.", "29. Dragnet (1987)", "The closest Hanks will ever come to playing Poochie, the skateboarding dog from The Simpsons. Hanks is the young, \u201ccool\u201d cop contrasting with Dan Aykroyd\u2019s Joe Friday impression, and he has as much fun as you can in a silly movie in which Aykroyd considers himself the star. The major takeaway is a deeply disturbing \u201crap\u201d video Aykroyd and Hanks made to promote the film. Watch at your own peril. \u201cI\u2019m here tonight, to rap about your rights.\u201d Yikes.", "28. Bachelor Party (1984)", "Your mileage is going to vary on a lot of the Tom Hanks, Disposable Lead of Dopey \u201980s Comedies, entries, but this one is definitely one of the silliest, dumbest and, amusingly, most eternal: There are movies from this time period that Hanks can hide from now, but this is definitely not one of them. After all, this is a movie in which a donkey does cocaine. Don\u2019t see that every day.", "Hanks\u2019s directorial debut \u2014 which includes his Bosom Buddies co-star Peter Scolari, plus Rita Wilson, Colin Hanks, and Elizabeth Hanks \u2014 is modest and pleasant, like you would expect it to be, even if it doesn\u2019t add up to much. Hanks plays the world\u2019s most benevolent music promoter, and it\u2019s the sort of movie you dance along to; nice little background music while you do something else. If they were all like this, the world would be a much friendlier place.", "Tom Hanks playing Walt Disney in the story of how Mary Poppins got turned into a beloved film feels like money in the bank. So, what happened? Saving Mr. Banks isn\u2019t bad so much as it\u2019s uninspired and safe \u2014 probably an inevitable result considering that the Disney studio was behind the biopic and wanted to make sure it stayed on-brand. Still, the disappointment extends to Hanks\u2019s portrayal. He\u2019s a more-than-credible Walt, amplifying the man\u2019s megawatt showmanship and gregariousness, but it doesn\u2019t zig or zag in any interesting directions. The movie wants us to think that Disney was a super-swell genius, which pretty much guarantees that nuance, curiosity, or wit aren\u2019t going to be part of the equation.", "Hanks provides some pathos to his role as a washed-up American businessman trying to close a deal in Saudi Arabia, but A Hologram for the King can\u2019t escape the fact that it\u2019s approximately the 1,428,721st drama about a depressed, middle-aged white guy at a spiritual crossroads. The star brings his all, but the whole enterprise is hamstrung from the start \u2014 although Hanks gets to show off his romantic leading-man side for the first time in a while opposite a very appealing Sarita Choudhury.", "24. Punchline (1988)", "Punchline confused audiences and critics when it came out because it was a movie about stand-up comedy that was not all that funny. That was by design, though, and the film has aged better than you might think. Hanks plays a struggling stand-up comedian who comes across a housewife (Sally Field) trying out on open-mic nights who turns out to be pretty good. Hanks resents her success but also cares for her \u2014 and, as the movie hints, he has some emotional instability issues of his own. Hanks isn\u2019t much of a stand-up comic \u2014 you never buy that he\u2019s any good \u2014 but he gets at the desperation at the heart of showbiz. It\u2019s a better performance, and movie, than people appreciated at the time.", "A hit man with soul, Michael Sullivan must protect his son (future Everybody Wants Some!! star Tyler Hoechlin) after the mob wants to rub them both out. Road to Perdition got a lot of press at the time for the fact that, hey, look, Hanks is playing a bad guy. Of course, the character isn\u2019t really bad: He\u2019s a gruff but concerned parent who lives by a strict moral code. Director Sam Mendes\u2019s period crime film is suffocated by its finely manicured production design and gorgeous Conrad Hall cinematography, which gives the actors very little room to breathe. As a result, we get an intriguing curveball of a performance from Hanks, but not a great or even a particularly revealing one.", "Pitched to him by the Wachowskis and Tom Tykwer as a combination of Moby-Dick and 2001: A Space Odyssey, Cloud Atlas is easily the most audacious film Hanks has ever made: a gonzo sci-fi epic that spans eras and languages, casting him in multiple roles. It\u2019s also probably his most divisive, its strengths and weaknesses hopelessly linked and at war with one another. That\u2019s just as true of Hanks\u2019s performances, which are a warning that bad wigs and weird makeup do not good characters make. Hanks has never let loose quite the way he does in Cloud Atlas, and consequently there\u2019s something oddly riveting about the risks he takes. But he falls flat on his face a whole lot here \u2014 and he should never, ever play a cockney again.", "Hanks\u2019s one Coen Brothers film is perhaps their most divisive and disliked one \u2014 it\u2019s pretty broad, even for the Coens, and it really just has one joke \u2014 but it\u2019s not Hanks\u2019s fault. His Goldthwaite Higginson Dorr \u2014 the character is as subtle as the name \u2014 is cartoonish and silly and way way way over the top, but Hanks is clearly having a blast playing him. Hanks\u2019s sincerity was never going to be a good fit with the Coens, but he does his best to get on their wavelength in a goofy, game-for-anything performance. The real problem here is that Hanks brings his A-game to a period of transition for the Coens, when they weren\u2019t quite sure what their next step was going to be. (They figured it out.)", "20. You\u2019ve Got Mail (1998)", "Sleepless co-stars Hanks and Ryan went back to the rom-com well in 1998, with lesser results. Hanks gets to play the romantic hero with a little bit more of an edge this time \u2014 he\u2019s a big-time bookstore-conglomerate CEO trying to shut down cute Meg Ryan\u2019s little independent bookstore \u2014 but he\u2019s still gooey in the middle and easily palatable to the older white audience that ate this up. Suffice it to say, the AOL-centric narrative hasn\u2019t aged well, but hey \u2026 is that Dave Chappelle?", "Steven Spielberg\u2019s doodle about an optimistic, good-hearted Eastern European tourist who gets stuck in bureaucratic limbo and thus lives at New York\u2019s JFK Airport for nearly a year is maybe a little too cute by half, but Hanks still makes you root for the guy, even when Spielberg is drowning in whimsy. That said, this has to be the most forgettable movie these two ever made together.", "John Patrick Shanley\u2019s funky, off-kilter romantic comedy was a little too weird for audiences at the time, but it has aged well: This story of a man (Hanks) who decides to kill himself by throwing himself into a volcano before being interrupted by a series of increasingly odd events has its own goofy rhythm that Hanks steadies and smooths out, though maybe a little too much. The fact that Hanks toplined the movie may have given the impression of its being more conventional that it is, causing people to reject it outright. It\u2019s worth a revisit.", "The Green Mile is the sort of bloated awards-bait that doesn\u2019t work at all unless you\u2019ve got somebody like Tom Hanks piloting the ship. Even then, he can only do so much with the role of Paul Edgecomb, a predictably good-hearted prison guard who befriends Michael Clarke Duncan\u2019s death-row prisoner with strange powers. The syrup is pretty thick in this three-hour-plus (!) Frank Darabont adaptation of a Stephen King inspirational drama, and thankfully Hanks steered away from this kind of mawkishness in subsequent years. Soon, he\u2019d be traveling into weirder and darker terrain.", "Playing Sully Sullenberger, Hanks gives a calmly assured performance that\u2019s easy to underrate \u2014 he does a whole lot by doing not much of anything. In Clint Eastwood\u2019s spare drama, Sullenberger has just piloted his crippled US Airways flight into the Hudson, avoiding tragedy, but now he must answer to federal investigators who question his strategy. Sully never questions the man\u2019s heroism, but Sully himself does, and Hanks\u2019s portrayal is one in which self-doubt eats away at the character \u2014 which, coupled with having just survived a horrifying ordeal, leaves him feeling discombobulated and adrift. Sullenberger comes across as haunted, shaken, trying to put himself back together, and Hanks makes that healing feel quietly inspiring.", "No matter the good intentions of everyone involved in this activist drama \u2014 to say nothing of its social importance \u2014 there\u2019s no denying that Philadelphia isn\u2019t exactly scintillating cinema. The same goes for Hanks\u2019s performance as a lawyer diagnosed with AIDS. To be sure, it\u2019s lovely and full of feeling, but he risks making Andrew Beckett almost too saintly, which made some sense in an era when homosexuality was viewed as a scary \u201cother.\u201d Hanks\u2019s natural likability attacked that bigotry directly, and for that the performance remains incredibly meaningful. But Andrew is more symbol than great character \u2014 a significant time-capsule relic slightly diminished by the fortunate evolution of human thinking about sexuality and AIDS.", "You could argue that Hanks\u2019s character is only the third-most interesting in this Steven Spielberg biopic about professional con man Frank Abagnale. (Rising star Leonardo DiCaprio has the showier role as Abagnale, and Christopher Walken, playing his hard-luck father, got the Oscar nomination.) But Hanks does commendable supporting work as a nerdy FBI agent on Abagnale\u2019s trail \u2014 essentially playing the sort of conventional square whose mediocre life frightens the restless, rootless Abagnale. What\u2019s funniest about Catch Me If You Can is how it represented a permanent shift in Hanks\u2019s persona: The bratty upstart from Dragnet was now old enough (and established enough) to be the just-the-facts-ma\u2019am law-and-order type. Still, there\u2019s a twinkle in Hanks\u2019s eye. Even as a square, he\u2019s so damn likable.", "A massive hit that essentially launched the film careers of Hanks, Daryl Hannah, and Ron Howard, Splash is funny and sharp, particularly when it takes its fish-out-of-water premise literally and lets Hannah\u2019s mermaid try to interact with mid-\u201980s New York City. There are some parts that might be called \u201cproblematic\u201d today \u2014 and there\u2019s always been an argument that Hanks and sidekick John Candy should have switched roles \u2014 but this, as much anything else, was what initially sold everyone on Hanks. Even when he\u2019s being a jerk (and he\u2019s a jerk a lot in the movie), you can\u2019t help but be on his side.", "If movies like Sleepless in Seattle were all Hanks ever made, we wouldn\u2019t hold the actor in such high esteem. And yet, c\u2019mon, it\u2019s so hard to resist him as Sam, the puppy-dog widower who will fall for a newspaper reporter (Meg Ryan) with a fondness for An Affair to Remember. Sprinkled with fairy dust and charm by late director Nora Ephron, Sleepless in Seattle is the epitome of feel-good, wish-fulfillment Hollywood love stories, and Hanks gives it a grounding that it very much needs. He\u2019s sensitive and appealing \u2014 as unthreatening as the nice guy next door with a decency and cuteness that made him crush-worthy.", "11. Charlie Wilson\u2019s War (2007)", "Charlie Wilson was a hard-partying, womanizing Texas congressman who helped arm the mujahideen against the invading Russians during the 1980s. It\u2019s a too-good-to-be-true real-life tale, and Hanks (who also produced) has a ball playing a sonuvabitch who\u2019s been wasting his life until he finds a cause worthy of his talents. Charlie Wilson\u2019s War is deeply flawed \u2014 director Mike Nichols and writer Aaron Sorkin oversell the movie\u2019s \u201ccolorful\u201d world of vulgar CIA operatives and sassy Texas socialites \u2014 but Hanks gives the cartoonish story a moral center without sacrificing the tale\u2019s more unbelievable moments and its dark punch line: Wilson\u2019s seemingly patriotic actions will sow the seeds for Middle Eastern terrorism against the West.", "Hanks\u2019s innate decency plays a part in several films, but it\u2019s delivered in a different way in this underrated Cold War drama. Hanks is Donovan, an insurance lawyer asked to defend a Russian spy (Oscar winner Mark Rylance), in the process learning that he alone wants to be sure the accused gets a fair trial. Bridge of Spies is a movie about negotiation and compromise \u2014 about what principles we\u2019re willing to sacrifice and which ones we can\u2019t \u2014 and Donovan is heroic not because he\u2019s the guy with the halo but because he\u2019s shrewder and more determined than everyone he comes across. This is Hanks as World-Weary Veteran Movie Star, and he gives it an effortless swagger.", "Beefing up for his role as Jimmy Dugan, the alcoholic manager of a women-only baseball team, Hanks gets to play the lovable crank, the kind of part he didn\u2019t do much after becoming a major movie star. A League of Their Own catches the actor in an interesting in-between spot in his career \u2014 he was rebounding from the failure of Bonfire of the Vanities, but not yet at the stage where he\u2019d win back-to-back Oscars \u2014 and as such, it\u2019s kind of a hoot to see him just bark at characters and be downright ornery. Of course, Dugan\u2019s got a good heart underneath, and it\u2019s the sort of one-note character that could have easily drifted into caricature, but Hanks elevates him through sheer force of his charisma and sweetness.", "Mr. Rogers is not in fact the main character in A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood \u2014 that would be Matthew Rhys\u2019s self-hating magazine journalist with daddy issues \u2014 and the movie benefits accordingly: Mr. Rogers, as played by Hanks, is so alien and unchanging and downright odd that building a plot around him would leave the movie nowhere to go. But that supporting shot of Hanks is the perfect amount: Hanks might be a little bit too big and a little bit too modern to truly inhabit Rogers, but the way he conjures his spirit, that quiet grace, is uncanny and even quite moving. Hanks never reaches for effect and remains spiritually and physically calm: His Mr. Rogers is unknowable, unfathomable, but absolutely irresistible. When a Mr. Rogers movie was announced, Hanks was such a logical choice the film nearly cast itself. But his performance, like the movie, has more going on than just stunt casting: It\u2019s rigorous, well thought through, and just lovely.", "7. The Post (2017)", "Late in his career, Hanks has become such an instant audience surrogate \u2014 a quiet subtext to his performances is always Tom Hanks is here so it\u2019s going to be okay \u2014 that you can almost overlook how strong he is as Ben Bradlee here. He\u2019s taking over the role that Jason Robards won an Oscar playing in All the President\u2019s Men, and while he has a little bit of the Robards gristle, he adds that special Hanks ingredient: sincerity. You never once believe Tom Hanks is on the wrong side here; that Hanks\u2019s Bradlee is willing to question himself \u2014 is willing to admit his own mistakes \u2014 makes him that much easier, and important, to cheer for. Hanks has added a bit of lovable irascibility in his later roles, and he wears it well. It\u2019s actually sort of amazing he has never played a journalist before: It fits him like a lightly rumpled old suit.", "This was the one that made everybody realize: Oh, Hanks isn\u2019t just a comedy guy, he could maybe be the biggest movie star in the world. As the boy who gets his wish to be big, Hanks gives a glorious, hilarious, and sweet performance as a 12-year-old in a grown-up\u2019s body. He\u2019s limber and wild and untethered \u2014 it\u2019s one of his best physical comedy performances \u2014 but he never lets you forget there\u2019s a scared little kid in there. Hanks didn\u2019t win Best Actor* for this performance, even though the movie was a huge hit, which was seen by many at the time as a sign that comedy was never going to be given a break by the Academy. Nevertheless, this performance is guaranteed to bring a smile to your face.", "There is a chance that, if you haven\u2019t seen this Best Picture nominee in a while, all you remember of it is Hanks\u2019s Jim Lovell saying, \u201cHouston, we have a problem.\u201d Go back and watch Apollo 13 and you\u2019ll see Hanks eschewing the flash of his then-recent Oscar-winning portrayals for a no-nonsense turn as a mission commander who is bound and determined to keep his crew (Bill Paxton, Kevin Bacon) focused as they and Mission Control figure out how to get their crippled vessel home. This is a performance that\u2019s easy to shortchange, but Hanks imbues it with endlessly stirring, stripped-down authority. He makes not losing your shit in the midst of a crisis feel heroic.", "The closest Hanks has gotten to a Robert De Niro\u2013like physical transformation, Cast Away found the star playing a FedEx executive who goes through a personal metamorphosis after he\u2019s the lone survivor of a plane crash. Taking time off from shooting so that he could lose a massive amount of weight for the island sequences, Hanks exudes the sense of spiritual isolation that first maroons the character but then gives him a new reason to go on living. This might be his most intimate and elemental performance, his primary scene partner being a volleyball, and Hanks finds a raw, slightly terrifying urgency within his good-guy persona that suggests that even the best of us have a breaking point.", "This Best Picture winner\u2019s litany of famous lines \u2014 \u201cRun, Forrest, Run,\u201d \u201cLife is like a box of chocolates,\u201d \u201cJenny\u201d \u2014 risks reducing the movie to a series of quotables as simple as the man Hanks played to earn his second Oscar. But the beauty of his performance is in how it both satirizes a divisive period in American history while also underlining the sincerity and optimism that\u2019s always been part of our national character. Sure, that\u2019s a corny notion, but it took an actor who could transform that sentimentality into something stirring and true, and nobody on the planet was better suited for the role than Hanks.", "Hanks\u2019s terrified, vulnerable turn as the eponymous Captain Phillips is another prime example of his ordinary men in extraordinary circumstances.* Hanks\u2019s Phillips is a good captain but also a flawed one, and one who is constantly adjusting to events that are entirely out of his control. He does his best just to stay alive, but when the ordeal is finally over and he is able to take stock, he breaks down in the most raw, wrenching scene of Hanks\u2019s whole career. It\u2019s a measured, calculated performance that builds to a moment of almost overwhelming power.", "When we first see Captain Miller, his hands are shaking as he puts his canteen to his lips before beginning the D-day assault on Normandy. He\u2019s scared, as would anyone be in that situation. The greatness of Saving Private Ryan can be measured in many ways \u2014 the harrowing brilliance of its opening battle sequence, the stunning desaturated images of war rendered by cinematographer Janusz Kami\u0144ski \u2014 but it\u2019s ultimately a very human story, which is why Steven Spielberg cast Hollywood\u2019s most reliable and relatable everyman star in the role. As the film pounds along and the body count builds, we learn that Miller was the kind of American hero World War II probably produced a lot of: an ordinary guy back home who turned himself into a leader of men because the fate of the planet hung in the balance. Hanks is as stripped-down as the landscape, hoping that rescuing Ryan will be enough to get him home and forget all this terrible killing. His death in the final moments haunts you long after the film\u2019s over, with Hanks paying tribute to a lot of good soldiers who went off to safeguard freedom and never saw America again.", "Grierson & Leitch write about the movies regularly and host a podcast on film. Follow them on Twitter or visit their site.", "A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood Ought to Make You Roll Your Eyes, and Yet \u2026", "\\n );return document.createRange().createContextualFragment(t)}();function f(){const t=new Date,n=t.getMonth(),e=t.getFullYear();return content-cliff-warning-displayed- .concat(e, - ).concat(n)}return u.querySelector( a ).addEventListener( click ,a),{warn:function(){generateGrowl(t, #content-cliff-warning-growl ,{content:u,onShow:()=>{c(),function(){const t=f();setLocalStorage(t, true )}()},scrollDepth:l})},shouldWarn:function(t){return!function(){const t=f();return true ===getLocalStorage(t)}()||t{},warn:()=>{q.warn()},show:()=>{i(),function(){(W=function(t= ){return document.querySelectorAll( .concat(t, ~ * ))}(S)).forEach(t=>t.remove()),function(){const{contentCliffStatus:n,contentCliffPromo:o,contentCliffCTA:r,contentCliffURL:c}=e,a=t.querySelector( [data-content-cliff-status] ),i=t.querySelector( [data-content-cliff-promo] ),s=t.querySelector( [data-content-cliff-cta] );s&&s.setAttribute( href ,c),s&&s.insertAdjacentHTML( afterbegin ,r),a&&a.insertAdjacentHTML( afterbegin ,n),i&&i.insertAdjacentHTML( afterbegin ,o),s&&s.addEventListener( click ,l)}(),C.classList.remove( collapsed ),n=m,n.forEach(t=>{const n=document.querySelector( [data-uri*= / .concat(t, / ] ));n&&n.remove()}),b.addEventListener( click ,()=>auth0.showLogin());var n}()}}[function(){if(y<=h||v>=p)return logger.log( article word count .concat(y, was too short for the cliff )), noop ;if(L)return noop ;if(q.shouldWarn(o))return warn ;return show }()],b=t.querySelector( .content-cliff-login );let W=[];return logger.log( should warn via view count: .concat(q.shouldWarn(o))),logger.log( should noop via first session: .concat(L)),logger.groupEnd(),auth0.on( login ,()=>{C.classList.add( collapsed ),(W=Array.prototype.slice.call(W,0).reverse()).forEach(t=>C.insertAdjacentElement( afterend ,t)),W=[]}), function ==typeof A?A():void 0}); 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}, { 3 :3, 5 :5, 12 :12, 108 :108}]; window.modules[ sticky-list.client ] = [function(require,module,exports){ use strict ;const dom=require(3),$gtm=require(1),_find=require(42),_get=require(49),stickyContainer=require( sticky-container.client );DS.controller( sticky-list ,[ $window ,function(t){var i=require(208),e=40;function n(n){let s,a=function(t){let n=t[0],s=0,a=this.contentArea.offsetHeight;if(n.target.offsetHeight){let t=this.breakouts.findIndex(t=>(function(t,i){return t!==document.body&&t.contains(i)})(t,n.target.parentElement));if(t>-1){let i=this.breakouts[t].offsetHeight+e;this.containers[t].style.marginBottom= .concat(i, px )}}a!==this.currentHeigh&&this.containers&&this.containe" ] }, { "url": "https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2484853/the-10-best-tom-hanks-movies-ranked", "title": "The 10 Best Tom Hanks Movies Ranked CINEMABLEND", "content": [ "The 10 Best Tom Hanks Movies, Ranked", "Jerrica Tisdale", "Later this month, Tom Hanks debuts his next Oscar buzz film, A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood, where he plays real-life TV hero Fred Rogers, known to fans simply as Mr. Rogers. Hanks\u2019 performance in this film has already gained praise following early showings. No one can wait to see one of Hollywood\u2019s nicest guys play one of Hollywood\u2019s nicest guys. Among Tom Hanks movies, A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood is sure to rank high.", "Could his role as Mr. Rogers put Hanks back in the Oscars seat? A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood has a lot of competition among classic Hanks films like Forrest Gump or Saving Private Ryan, to newer standouts like Captain Philips and the Toy Story movies. For this Tom Hanks movies ranking, I ranked based on which movies were most defining for Hanks\u2019 acting career, honing in on some of his best performances. I know I missed some of your favorites, so read to the end to give us your input on which Tom Hanks movies you love the most.", "During World War II, a All-American Girls Professional Baseball League forms with Jimmy Dugan (Tom Hanks) as the manager. He must coach the women from amateurs to professionals, and eventual champions. The cast of characters includes Geena Davis as Dottie, Madonna as Mae, Lori Petty as Kit, and Rosie O\u2019Donnell as Dori.", "A League Of Their Own is one of the career-defining movies for Hanks. It is one of his most remembered performances, especially from his early acting days. It\u2019s also one of the few Tom Hanks films where he plays a rough and tough character who eventually grows into the lovable Hanks persona that everyone has come to adore. He also gets to utter one of the most iconic lines in film history, \u201cThere is no crying in baseball!\u201d", "Tom Hanks gives a thought-provoking performance as Chuck Noland, a FedEx employee who becomes stranded on a deserted island for four years. He must learn to survive both physically and mentally, while maintaining hope for returning home. The film grossed over $429 million worldwide and earned Hanks his fifth Best Actor in a Leading Role Oscar nomination.", "Essentially, Cast Away relies on Hanks\u2019 charm and abilities as an actor to carry the film, because it\u2019s one of those rare Hollywood movies without big explosions and fight scenes. As Tom Hanks is the only actor on the screen for most of Castaway, he gives one of his boldest performances: He uses his verbal and physical acting prowess--especially without the comfort of working with other actors--to emphasize the emotions that come with total isolation.", "Meg Ryan and Tom Hanks join forces for their third outing in You ve Got Mail. In this film, they play Kathleen Kelly and Joe Fox, rival bookshop owners. Kathleen owns an independent bookshop, and Joe owns a major franchise that plans to run businesses like Kathleen\u2019s out of town. The two hate each other at first, but fall in love both in real life and online, without knowing the two relationships are connected.", "If we could fill this entire list with just Ryan and Hanks romantic pairings, we probably would because of their dynamic onscreen chemistry, and the likes of Sleepless In Seattle could have easily made this list. However, You Got Mail stands out the most, not only for how natural Ryan and Hanks work together, but also because of how relevant online dating has become since Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan made the film over 20 years ago.", "Captain Phillips follows Captain Richard Phillips as a group of pirates take him and his crew hostage. Director Paul Greengrass and screenwriter Billy Ray based Captain Phillips on the 2009 true story of the Maersk Alabama hijacking. The movie received six Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture and Best Supporting Actor for Barkhad Abdi (who plays Abduwali Muse), the main and sole survivor behind the hijacking.", "In the film, Tom Hanks must embody all the fear and anxiety that comes with someone\u2019s life being in danger, while also trying to protect the lives of others. It\u2019s a classic tale of man vs. man, with both sides having goals. For Captain Phillips, it\u2019s to make it home alive. The film excellently blends high intensity action with a look at human nature.", "Catch Me If You Can is one of the many film pairings that brings Tom Hanks and Steven Spielberg together. In this one, Hanks stars opposite Leonardo DiCaprio. DiCaprio plays Frank Abagnale Jr., a professional con artist who poses in various careers, such as a pilot and doctor. His main crimes involve check forgery, which captures the attention of FBI agent Carl Hanratty (Hanks), who takes special interest in Frank Jr. and it becomes a game of cat and mouse. Spielberg based Catch Me If You Can on the real Frank Abagnale Jr.", "Catch Me If You Can may not receive the same praise as some of the other hanks-Spielberg pairings, but it\u2019s one of their most fun collaborations. Not only is Frank Jr.\u2019s real life fascinating, but Tom Hanks and Leo DiCaprio both give charismatic performances as two men really bound together until one of them ends this chase. The film also pays homage to the 60s and flashy lifestyles.", "Forrest Gump follows the folk-like figure Forrest Gump throughout his life. People who meet Forrest know and love him for his extreme kind heart and bit of na\u00efvet\u00e9. The film highlights the many ways that he influences history and touches different lives.", "Tom Hanks received his second consecutive Academy Award win for Forrest Gump. It also won several other Oscars, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Adapted Screenplay. Forrest has become one of Hanks most well-known characters, at least his most quoted character. The reason Forrest has become such a beloved pop culture character is because of the sincerity of Hanks\u2019 performance, and its story of a pure heart.", "The original Toy Story surrounds Andy\u2019s toys, who are led by Woody (Hanks), Andy\u2019s favorite toy, until Buzz Lightyear (Tim Allen) comes along and Woody is pushed to the shadows. The film inspired three sequels, the final one (so they claim) premiered in 2019 to rave reviews.", "The Toy Story franchise has grossed over $3 billion worldwide and become the 20th highest grossing franchise of all time. The story of toys who just want love has reached generations of fans, and has cemented Tom Hanks even more in the hall of fame of beloved movie actors. Woody and Buzz are the dynamic duo that fans will continue to rush to box offices to see, whether that means one more or 20 more sequels.", "Set during World War II, Saving Private Ryan follows Captain John Miller (Hanks) and his squad as they try to find Private Ryan (Matt Damon). Fans and critics often praise the film for its realistic depictions of the violence and devastation of wars.", "Saving Private Ryan is the first Spielberg and Tom Hanks collaboration. It received 11 Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director, which it won, giving Steven Spielberg his second director Oscar, and Best Actor nomination for Hanks, who didn\u2019t win. The film relies on the actor to lead this ensemble cast as they navigate the obstacles associated with war, including the mental ones. Hank gives a respectable performance as a captain willing to make any sacrifice to ensure that his men make it home from the war.", "Twelve-year old Josh Baskin (David Moscow) makes a wish to become big, and transforms into the 30-year old version of himself, played by Tom Hanks. First, it\u2019s all fun and games being an adult, but then Josh starts to see just how stressful adult life can be, so he must find a way to become a child again.", "Though not his first film or television appearance, 1988 s Big has become one of Hanks most iconic performances. Not only for the piano dance scene, but for Tom Hanks effortless blend of comedy and drama throughout the movie. Viewers watch as this big kid tries to navigate the challenges of adulthood without actually going through the struggles of growing up. The movie Big acts as a reminder to children and young adults to appreciate their youth while they have it, and to take growing up slowly.", "Tom Hanks stars opposite Denzel Washington in Philadelphia, a movie where Hanks plays Andrew Beckett, a man fired from his firm because of his sexuality and being diagnosed with AIDS. Washington plays Joe Miller, the lawyer who takes Beckett\u2019s case against his former firm. As the men work together, they find a new respect and admiration for each other, despite their differences.", "Philadelphia earned Hanks his first Academy Award for Best Actor, rightfully so. Tom Hanks delivers a powerful performance that helps highlight the bigotry that many faced and still face. The film not only touched on such a powerful issue but it helped showcase two powerhouse actors as Washington and Hanks in a time when both of their careers were on the rise. It\u2019s not an easy film to watch, and is one of the actor s more dramatic roles, but it\u2019s an important and memorable one.", "This list could go on forever because Tom Hanks has so many good movies. Everyone also has their own special relationship with them, so the world may never agree on the best ones, so let\u2019s us hear your opinion by voting in our poll below. Also, comment with the ones you would have put on the list.", "What Is Your Favorite Tom Hanks Movie?" ] } ], "selected_contents": [ [ false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 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good one. You know I completely forgot he was the voice in that movie. He has to have one of the most memorable voices by any actor in the last 2 to 3 decades", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077524 }, { "action": "Wizard => SearchAgent", "text": "Tom Hanks new movie", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077546 }, { "action": "SearchAgent => Wizard", "text": "", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3224458/", "title": "A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood 2019 IMDb", "content": [ "A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood (2019)", "Biography, Drama | 18 October 2019 (USA)", "Two-time Oscar\u00ae-winner Tom Hanks portrays Mister Rogers in A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood, a timely story of kindness triumphing over cynicism, based on the true story of a real-life ... See full summary \u00bb", "Micah Fitzerman-Blue (screenplay), Noah Harpster (screenplay)", "Tom Hanks, Matthew Rhys, Tammy Blanchard | See full cast & crew \u00bb", "This Is Us: Susan Kelechi Watson on How Beth Is Finding Her Identity Apart From Randall", "Tom Hanks and Paul Greengrass to reunite for News of the World", "Tom Hanks and Paul Greengrass Reunite for News of the World", "Watchlist: Most Anticipated Movies of 2019", "Interesting 2019 movies", "2019 Anticipated Films", "Search for A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood on Amazon.com", "Real People Tom Hanks Should Play", "Tom Hanks ... Fred Rogers", "Matthew Rhys ... Lloyd Vogel", "Tammy Blanchard ... Lorraine", "Enrico Colantoni ... Bill Isler", "Chris Cooper ... Jerry Vogel", "Susan Kelechi Watson ... Andrea Vogel", "Wendy Makkena ... Dorothy", "Sakina Jaffrey ... Ellen", "Maddie Corman ... Lady Aberlin", "Kevin L. Johnson ... Darin Scharf", "Kitty Crystal ... Subway Punk", "Maryann Plunkett ... Joanne Rogers", "Michael Masini ... Richie", "Mike Ancas ... WQED Grip", "Noah Harpster ... Todd", "Two-time Oscar\u00ae-winner Tom Hanks portrays Mister Rogers in A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood, a timely story of kindness triumphing over cynicism, based on the true story of a real-life friendship between Fred Rogers and journalist Tom Junod. After a jaded magazine writer (Emmy winner Matthew Rhys) is assigned a profile of Fred Rogers, he overcomes his skepticism, learning about empathy, kindness, and decency from America s most beloved neighbor.", "television show host | See All (1) \u00bb", "Untitled Mr. Rogers/Tom Hanks Project See more \u00bb", "Big Beach Films See more \u00bb", "Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris were attached to direct the movie. See more \u00bb", "Referenced in AniMat s Crazy Cartoon Cast: Remembering Stephen Hillenburg (2018) See more \u00bb" ] }, { "url": "https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/greyhound", "title": "Greyhound 2020 Rotten Tomatoes", "content": [ "In the early days of WWII, an international convoy of 37 Allied ships, led by captain Ernest Krause (Hanks) in his first command of a U.S. destroyer, crosses the treacherous North Atlantic while hotly pursued by wolf packs of Nazi U-boats.", "as George Krause", "as Flusser", "as Lt. Carling", "as Temme", "as Helmsman Campbell", "as Rudel", "News & Interviews for Greyhound", "Critic Reviews for Greyhound", "Audience Reviews for Greyhound", "There are no featured reviews for Greyhound at this time.", "Greyhound Quotes" ] }, { "url": "https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/tom_hanks", "title": "Tom Hanks Rotten Tomatoes Movies", "content": [ "Highest Rated: 100% Notes From The Field (2018)", "Lowest Rated: 9% My Life in Ruins (2009)", "Birthday: Jul 9, 1956", "Birthplace: Concord, California", "American leading actor Tom Hanks has become one of the most popular stars in contemporary American cinema. Born July 9, 1956, in Concord, CA, Hanks spent much of his childhood moving about with his father, an itinerant cook, and continually attempting to cope with constantly changing schools, religions, and stepmothers. After settling in Oakland, CA, he began performing in high-school plays. He continued acting while attending Cal State, Sacramento, and left to pursue his vocation full-time. In 1978, Hanks went to find work in New York; while there he married actress/producer Samantha Lewes, whom he later divorced.Hanks debuted onscreen in the low-budget slasher movie He Knows You re Alone (1979). Shortly afterward he moved to Los Angeles and landed a co-starring role in the TV sitcom Bosom Buddies; he also worked occasionally in other TV series such as Taxi and Family Ties, as well as in the TV movie Mazes and Monsters. Hanks finally became prominent when he starred opposite Daryl Hannah in the Disney comedy Splash!, which became the sleeper hit of 1984. Audiences were drawn to the lanky, curly headed actor s amiable, laid-back style and keen sense of comic timing. He went on to appear in a string of mostly unsuccessful comedies before starring in Big (1988), in which he gave a delightful performance as a child in a grown man s body. His 1990 film Bonfire of the Vanities was one of the biggest bombs of the year, but audiences seemed to forgive his lapse. In 1992, Hanks star again rose when he played the outwardly disgusting, inwardly warm-hearted coach in Penny Marshall s A League of Their Own. This led to a starring role in the smash hit romantic comedy Sleepless in Seattle (1993).Although a fine comedic actor, Hanks earned critical respect and an even wider audience when he played a tormented AIDS-afflicted homosexual lawyer in the drama Philadelphia (1993) and won that year s Oscar for Best Actor. In 1994 he won again for his convincing portrait of the slow-witted but phenomenally lucky Forrest Gump, and his success continued with the smash space epic Apollo 13 (1995). In 1996, Hanks tried his hand at screenwriting, directing, and starring in a feature: That Thing You Do!, an upbeat tale of a one-hit wonder group and their manager. The film was not particularly successful, unlike Hanks next directing endeavor, the TV miniseries From Earth to the Moon. The series was nominated for and won a slew of awards, including a series of Emmys. The success of this project was outdone by Hanks next, Steven Spielberg s Saving Private Ryan (1998). Ryan won vast critical acclaim and was nominated for 11 Oscars, including a Best Actor nomination for Hanks. The film won five, including a Best Director Oscar for Spielberg, but lost Best Picture to Shakespeare in Love, a slight that was to become the subject of controversy. No controversy surrounded Hanks following film, Nora Ephron s You ve Got Mail (1998), a romantic comedy that paired Hanks with his Sleepless co-star Meg Ryan. Although the film got mixed reviews, it was popular with filmgoers, and thus provided Hanks with another success to add to his resum\u00e9. Even more success came soon after when Hanks took home the 2000 Golden Globes Best Actor in a drama award for his portrayal of a shipwrecked FedEx systems engineer who learns the virtues of wasted time in Robert Zemeckis Cast Away. Though absent from the silver screen in 2001, Hanks remained in the public eye with a role in the acclaimed HBO mini-series Band of Brothers as well as appearing in September 11 television special America: A Tribute to Heroes and the documentary Rescued From the Closet. Next teaming with American Beauty director Sam Mendes for the adaptation of Max Allan Collins graphic novel The Road to Perdition (subsequently inspired by the Japanese manga Lone Wolf and Cub, the nice-guy star took a rare anti-hero role as a hitman (albiet an honorable and fairly respectable hitman) on the lam with his son (Tyler Ho", "Defying the Nazis: The Sharps War", "No Score Yet A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood Fred Rogers 2019", "No Score Yet Toy Story 4 Woody 2019", "No Score Yet Greyhound George Krause Screenwriter Producer 2019", "81% Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again Executive Producer 2018", "88% The Post Ben Bradlee 2018", "No Score Yet The Mayo Clinic: Faith - Hope - Science Actor 2018", "100% Notes From The Field Executive Producer 2018", "35% Mark Felt: The Man Who Brought Down the White House Producer 2017", "100% California Typewriter Actor 2017", "15% The Circle Producer Actor 2017", "22% Inferno Robert Langdon 2016", "13% Ithaca Mr. Macauley Executive Producer 2016", "85% Sully Chesley Sully Sullenberger 2016", "100% Defying the Nazis: The Sharps War Waitstill Sharp 2016", "73% A Hologram for the King Producer Alan Clay 2016", "29% My Big Fat Greek Wedding 2 Producer 2016", "100% Everything Is Copy Actor 2016", "91% Bridge of Spies James Donovan 2015", "100% Toy Story That Time Forgot Actor 2014", "36% Misery Loves Comedy Actor 2014", "No Score Yet Tcm Presents And The Oscar (R) Goes To... Actor 2014", "No Score Yet Glad All Over: The Dave Clark Five and Beyond Actor 2014", "79% Saving Mr. Banks Walt Disney 2013", "93% Toy Story of Terror! Woody 2013", "93% Captain Phillips Captain Richard Phillips 2013", "50% Parkland Producer 2013", "No Score Yet An Article Of Hope Executive Producer 2013", "No Score Yet Killing Lincoln Narrator 2013", "66% Cloud Atlas Dr. Henry Goose/Hotel Mgr./Isaac Sachs/Dermot Hoggins/Cavend 2012", "46% Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close Thomas Schell 2012", "No Score Yet Passport To The Universe Actor 2012", "68% Game Change Executive Producer 2012", "No Score Yet Small Fry Woody 2011", "37% Larry Crowne Producer Screenwriter Director Larry Crowne 2011", "No Score Yet Hawaiian Vacation Woody 2011", "98% Toy Story 3 Woody 2010", "No Score Yet Rock and Roll Hall of Fame + Museum: Live - Legends Actor 2010", "72% Where the Wild Things Are Producer 2009", "9% My Life in Ruins Executive Producer 2009", "37% Angels & Demons Robert Langdon 2009", "72% The Great Buck Howard Producer Troy s Father 2009", "53% City of Ember Producer 2008", "55% Mamma Mia! Executive Producer 2008", "82% Charlie Wilson s War Charlie Wilson Producer 2007", "86% The Pixar Story Actor 2007", "88% The Simpsons Movie Himself 2007", "23% Evan Almighty Executive Producer 2007", "62% The Ant Bully Producer 2006", "89% Who Killed the Electric Car? Actor 2006", "74% Cars Woody Car 2006", "25% The Da Vinci Code Dr. Robert Langdon 2006", "90% Starter for 10 Producer 2006", "90% Neil Young: Heart of Gold Producer 2006", "88% Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon 3D Narrator 2005", "No Score Yet Saturday Night Live - The Best of Tom Hanks Actor 2005", "56% The Polar Express Hero Boy/Father/Conductor/Hobo/Scrooge/Santa Executive Producer 2004", "No Score Yet The Rutles 2---Can t Buy Me Lunch Himself 2004", "60% The Terminal Viktor Navorski 2004", "55% The Ladykillers Prof. Goldthwait Higginson Dorr 2004", "No Score Yet Elvis Has Left the Building Mailbox Elvis 2004", "No Score Yet Late Night With Conan O Brien - 10th Anniversary Special Actor 2004", "No Score Yet Horatio s Drive: America s First Road Trip Horatio Nelson Jackson 2003", "95% Great Performances Actor 2003", "No Score Yet Concert for George Actor 2003", "95% Catch Me If You Can Carl Hanratty 2002", "80% Road to Perdition Michael Sullivan 2002", "76% My Big Fat Greek Wedding Producer 2002", "No Score Yet Fighting for Freedom: Revolution & Civil War Narrator 2002", "No Score Yet America: A Tribute to Heroes Actor 2001", "No Score Yet Joe Versus The Volcano Actor 2001", "89% Cast Away Chuck Noland Producer 2000", "80% The Green Mile Paul 1999", "100% Toy Story 2 Woody 1999", "100% Return With Honor Actor 1999", "68% You ve Got Mail Joe Fox 1998", "93% Saving Private Ryan Capt. Miller 1998", "No Score Yet Into the Breach: Saving Private Ryan Actor 1998", "No Score Yet The Directors Actor 1997", "93% That Thing You Do! Mr. White Screenwriter Director 1996", "96% The Celluloid Closet Interviewee 1996", "No Score Yet The Universal Story Actor 1996", "100% Toy Story Woody 1995", "95% Apollo 13 Jim Lovell 1995", "72% Forrest Gump Forrest Gump 1994", "No Score Yet Through the Eyes of Forrest Gump Actor 1994", "79% Philadelphia Andrew Beckett 1993", "73% Sleepless in Seattle Sam Baldwin 1993", "78% A League of Their Own Jimmy Dugan 1992", "33% Radio Flyer Older Mike 1992", "16% The Bonfire of the Vanities Sherman McCoy 1990", "62% Joe Versus the Volcano Joe Banks 1990", "54% Turner and Hooch Det. Scott Turner 1989", "52% The Burbs Ray Peterson 1989", "56% Punchline Steven Gold 1988", "97% Big Josh 1988", "50% Dragnet Streebek 1987", "57% Nothing in Common David Basner 1986", "47% The Money Pit Walter Fielding Jr. 1986", "No Score Yet Everytime We Say Goodbye Actor 1986", "No Score Yet Every Time We Say Goodbye David 1986", "58% Volunteers Lawrence Bourne III 1985", "47% The Man with One Red Shoe Richard 1985", "54% Bachelor Party Rick Gassko 1984", "No Score Yet The Dollmaker Actor 1984", "90% Splash Allen Bauer 1984", "No Score Yet Mazes and Monsters Robbie Wheeling 1982", "25% He Knows You re Alone Elliot 1980", "No Score Yet 1968", "Appearing Executive Producer", "No Score Yet The 2000s", "No Score Yet The Nineties", "Host Guest Appearing Voice Performer", "No Score Yet American Masters", "38% Maya & Marty", "No Score Yet The Eighties", "95% Olive Kitteridge", "91% The Pacific", "81% John Adams", "60% The War", "No Score Yet Meet the Press", "Speaker Performer", "94% Band of Brothers", "Director Screenwriter British Officer Executive Producer Producer", "No Score Yet American Experience", "No Score Yet From the Earth to the Moon", "Director Screenwriter Jean-Luc Executive Producer", "82% Tales from the Crypt", "No Score Yet Happy Days", "Fonzie s Nemesis", "78% Bosom Buddies", "Kip/Buffy Wilson", "No Score Yet Taxi", "No Score Yet Fallen Angels", "No Score Yet Prohibition", "Voice Narrator", "QUOTES FROM Tom Hanks CHARACTERS", "Dr. Robert Langdon Only the worthy find the grail, Leigh. You taught me that.", "Ivan Schischkin This is not an equitable trade, sir.", "James Donovan But what you re saying is, if Powers has given up everything he knows then Moscow would trade? Why wouldn t they? As for Abel, if he dies in an American prison, the next Russian operative who gets caught might think twice about keeping his mouth shut. And you never know, Abel might want to see the sky again and decide to trade Russian secrets for small American favours.", "Ivan Schischkin How can we know this? We little men. We just do our jobs.", "James Donovan Like Lieutenant Powers. He s just a pilot.", "Ivan Schischkin He was making photographs from 70,000 feet when he was shot from the sky. People in my country consider this an act of war.", "James Donovan We have to get off this merry-go-round, sir. The next mistake our countries make could be last one. We need to have the conversation our governments can t.", "Ivan Schischkin I will ask Moscow. Who knows what they will say. There are a lot of people, Mr. Donovan, who doesn t want this exchange to ever take place.", "Joe Banks But still...We re on a raft... There s no land in site.... I don t now...", "DeDe/Angelica/Patricia It s always gonna be something with you; isn t it, Joe?", "Sophie Neveu Professor, hurry! Hurry!", "Dr. Robert Langdon Moon. Sermin. Charms. Demons. Omens. Codes. Monks. Ranks. Rocks.", "Sophie Neveu Madonna of the rocks.", "Dr. Robert Langdon Da Vinci!", "Jim Lovell It s like flying with a dead elephant on our back.", "Jim Lovell We just lost the moon.", "Michael Sullivan Jr. What are gonna do?", "Michael Sullivan Just one last thing, and then it s done.", "Michael Sullivan Jr. What are you gonna do?", "James Donovan We have to have the conversations our governments can t.", "Woody Shut up! Just shut up, you idiot!", "James Donovan Aren t you worried?...", "James Donovan Aren t you worried?", "Rudolf Abel Would that help?", "James Donovan It doesn t matter what people think. You know what you did.", "Hero Boy/Father/Conductor/Hobo/Scrooge/Santa There s no greater gift than friendship.", "James Donovan The next mistake our countries make could be the last.", "James Donovan We need to have the conversation our governments can t.", "James Donovan Everyone deserves a defense. Every person matters.", "James Donovan You re asking me to violate the constitution.", "James Donovan I m an insurance lawyer. I m not sure I want to pick that up.", "James Donovan Everyone will hatr me, but at least I ll lose.", "James Donovan Everyone will hate me, but at least I ll lose.", "Joe Fox Let me just say there was a man sitting in the elevator with me who knew exactly what he wanted, and I found myself wishing I were as lucky as he.", "Buzz Lightyear You my friend are responsible for delaying my rendezvous with star command!", "Woody You are a toy!!", "Forrest Gump You died on a Saturday mornin . And I had you placed here under our elm tree. And I had that house of your father s bulldozed to the ground. Momma always said dyin was a part of life. I sure wish it wasn t. Little Forrest, he s doin just fine. About to start school again soon. I make his breakfast, lunch, and dinner every day. I make sure he combs his hair and brushes his teeth every day. Teachin him how to play Ping-Pong. He s really good. We fish a lot. And every night, we read a book. He s so smart, Jenny. You d be so proud of him. I am. He, uh, wrote a letter, and he says I can t read it. I m not supposed to, so I ll leave it here for you. Jenny, I don t know if Momma was right or if, if it s Lieutenant Dan.", "Forrest Gump I don t know if we each have a destiny, or if we re all just floatin around accidental-like on a breeze, but I, I think maybe it s both. Maybe both is happenin at the same time. I miss you Jenny. If there s anything you need. I won t be far away.", "Walt Disney Life is a harsh sentence to lay down for yourself.", "Walt Disney I m tired of remembering it that way. Aren t you tired too, Mrs. Travers? Now we all have our sad tales, but don t you want to finish the story? Let it all go and have a life that isn t dictated by the past?", "Forrest Gump Life is like a box a chocolate, you never know what your going to get.", "Charlie Wilson You did a hell of a job for the son of a soda pop maker.", "Gust Avrakotos We ll see , said the Zen master.", "Forrest Gump Mama always said life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what you re gonna get.", "Forrest Gump My mama says that stupid is as stupid does.", "Woody You ll be okay in the attic?", "Jessie the Cowgirl Of course I will.... Besides, I know about Buzz s Spanish mode.", "Buzz Lightyear My what?", "Sam Baldwin Didn t you see Fatal Attraction?", "Jonah Baldwin You wouldn t let me!", "Sam Baldwin Well, I saw it and scared the shit out of me! It scared the shit out of every man in America!", "Pvt. Caparzo Sir. The decent thing to do is at least take her to the next town", "Pvt. Caparzo Sir. The decent thing to do is at least take her to the next town.", "Capt. John Miller We re not here to do the decent thing. We re here to follow fuckin orders!", "Angelica Would you like to hear a poem?", "Joe Banks Ok, sure.", "Angelica Long ago, the delicate tangles of his hair covered the emptiness of my hand. Would you like to hear it again?", "Walt Disney The woman s a conundrum...", "Jenny Curran His name s Forrest.", "Forrest Gump Like me.", "Jenny Curran I named him after his daddy.", "Forrest Gump He got a daddy named Forrest, too?", "Jenny Curran You re his daddy, Forrest.", "Forrest Gump When I got tired, I slept. When I got hungry, I ate. When I had to go, you know, I went.", "Elderly Southern Woman And so, you just ran?", "Forrest Gump Yeah.", "Forrest Gump My mama always said, dyin was a part of life. I sure wish it wasn t.", "Warden Hal Moores What in the blue fuck was that? There s puke all over the floor. God, that smell. That smell won t come out for another 5 years that what I m betting. And that asshole, Wharton is singing about it.", "Paul Edgecomb Did he carry a tune, Hal?", "Warden Hal Moores Ok, boys. But, what the hell happened?", "Paul Edgecomb An execution sir. A successful one.", "Warden Hal Moores How in the name of Christ can you call that a success?", "Paul Edgecomb Eduard Delacroix is dead. (turns to Percy) Isn t he?", "Paul Edgecomb Eduard Delacroix is dead. Isn t he?", "Warden Hal Moores Something to say, Percy?", "Percy Wetmore I didn t know the sponge was supposed to wet.", "Warden Hal Moores How many years Percy have you been pissing on the toilet seat before someone told you to put it up?", "Forrest Gump My mama says they were magic shoes. They could take me anywhere.", "Walt Disney That s what we storytellers do. We restore order with imagination. We instill hope again and again and again.", "Forrest Gump That day, for no particular reason, I decided to go for a little run. So I ran to the end of the road. And when I got there, I thought maybe I d run to the end of the town. And when I got there, I thought maybe I d just run across Greenbow County. And I figured, since run this far, maybe I d just run across the great state of Alabama. And that s what I did. I ran clear across Alabama. For no particular reason I just kept on goin . I ran clear to the ocean. And when I got there, I figured, since I d gone this far, I might as well turn around, just keep on goin . When I got to another ocean, I figured, since I d gone this far, I might as well just turn back, keep right on goin .", "Forrest Gump Now you wouldn t believe me if I told you, but I could run like the wind blows. From that day on, if I was goin somewhere, I was runnin !", "Woody So long, partner.", "Goldthwait Higginson Dorr And what, to flog a horse, that if not dead is at this point in mortal danger of expirin , does this little square represent?", "P.L. Travers It is honored Mr. Disney....", "Walt Disney Oh Walt you got to call me Walt!!!!", "Buzz Lightyear I ve set my laser from stun, to kill.", "Woody Oh Great, oh great. If anyone tries to attack us, we can blink em to death.", "Jenny Curran (opens the apartment door and sees Forrest) Hey, Forrest, how are you doin ?", "Jenny Curran Hey, Forrest, how are you doin ?", "Forrest Gump Hi!", "Jenny Curran Come in, come in?", "Forrest Gump (walks in and closes the door) Is this your house?", "Forrest Gump Is this your house?", "Jenny Curran Yeah, it s messy right now. I just got off the work.", "Forrest Gump It s nice. You got air conditionin .", "Forrest Gump Then it felt like somethin that had just jumped up and bit me.", "Forrest Gump Then it felt like somethin just jumped up and bit me.", "Forrest Gump Ah! Somethin jumped up and bit me!", "Forrest Gump Ah! Somethin bit me!", "Forrest Gump Then it felt like something just jumped up and bit me.", "Forrest Gump Ah! Something jumped up and bit me!", "Forrest Gump Ah! Something jumped up and bit me!", "Forrest Gump It wasn t always fun. Lieutenant Dan was always gettin these funny feelings, about Iraq, or the trail, or the road. So he d tell us to, Get down! Shut up!", "Lt. Dan Taylor Get down! Shut up!", "Forrest Gump So we did.", "Captain Richard Phillips They re not here to fish.", "Muse Relax, everything going to be okay. Look at me.", "Muse Relax, everything going to be okay. Look at me.", "Captain Richard Phillips Sure", "Captain Richard Phillips Sure.", "Muse Look at me", "Muse Look at me.", "Muse I m the captain now.", "Muse I m the captain now.", "Captain Richard Phillips This is the Maersk Alabama. We are an unarmed freighter. We have two skiffs approaching with armed intruders, potential piracy situation.", "Captain Richard Phillips This is the Maersk Alabama. We are an unarmed freighter. We have two skiffs approaching with armed intruders, potential piracy situation.", "UKMTO Officer Copy Alabama, you should alert your crew and get your fire hoses ready.", "UKMTO Officer Copy Alabama, you should alert your crew and get your fire hoses ready.", "Captain Richard Phillips Uh, yeah, is that it?", "Captain Richard Phillips Uh, yeah, is that it?", "UKMTO Officer Chances are it s just fishermen.", "UKMTO Officer Chances are it s just fishermen.", "Captain Richard Phillips They re not here to fish.", "Shane Murphy Everything okay?", "Shane Murphy Everything okay?", "Captain Richard Phillips I don t like the look of that.", "Captain Richard Phillips I don t like the look of that.", "Shane Murphy They re coming in fast!", "Shane Murphy They re coming in fast!", "Muse Look at me...", "Muse Look at me!", "Captain Richard Phillips Sure!", "Muse I am the Captain now.", "Captain Richard Phillips The navy is not gonna let you win! They would rather sink this boat, than let you win.", "Buzz Lightyear (whispers) Another stunt like that, cowboy, you going to get us killed.", "Buzz Lightyear Another stunt like that, cowboy, you going to get us killed.", "Woody Don\u2019t tell me what to do!", "Woody Don t tell me what to do!", "Buzz Lightyear Shhh!", "Forrest Gump Jenny, I don t know if Momma was right or if, if it s Lieutenant Dan. I don t know if we have a destiny, or if we re all just floatin around accidental-like on a breeze, but I, I think maybe it s both. Maybe both is happenin at the same time.", "Woody (Jessie holds the bottom of the plane that is taking off) Jessie, let go of the plane.", "Woody Jessie, let go of the plane.", "Woody Buzz? Buzz Lightyear, you re not worried are you?", "Buzz Lightyear Me? Oh no, no, no, no, no. Are you?", "Woody Now Buzz, what can Andy possibly get that is worse then you?", "Andy (in the recorder) Oh what is it? What is it? Wow! A puppy! (movie ends)", "Andy Oh what is it? What is it? Wow! A puppy!", "Woody You, Are, A, Toyyyyy! You re not the real thing. You re an action figure. You are a child s play thing!", "Buzz Lightyear You are a sad, strange little man. Farewell.", "Woody Ya, well. Good riddance you loony.", "Woody (stands on the runway with some toys as the airplane takes off over them and they re about to leave) Let s... go home.", "Woody Let s go home.", "Woody ( talking to Jessie as they stand in the cargo bin of the airplane aand they re about to get out) It s time for me to take you home.", "Woody It s time for me to take you home.", "Chuck Noland We both had done the math. Kelly added it all up and... knew she had to let me go. I added it up, and knew that I had... lost her. cos I was never gonna get off that island. I was gonna die there, totally alone. I was gonna get sick, or get injured or something. The only choice I had, the only thing I could control was when, and how, and where it was going to happen. So... I made a rope and I went up to the summit, to hang myself. I had to test it, you know? Of course. You know me. And the weight of the log, snapped the limb of the tree, so I-I - , I couldn t even kill myself the way I wanted to. I had power over *nothing*. And that s when this feeling came over me like a warm blanket. I knew, somehow, that I had to stay alive. Somehow. I had to keep breathing. Even though there was no reason to hope. And all my logic said that I would never see this place again. So that s what I did. I stayed alive. I kept breathing. And one day my logic was proven all wrong because the tide came in, and gave me a sail. And now, here I am. I m back. In Memphis, talking to you. I have ice in my glass... And I ve lost her all over again. I m so sad that I don t have Kelly. But I m so grateful that she was with me on that island. And I know what I have to do now. I gotta keep breathing. Because tomorrow the sun will rise. Who knows what the tide could bring?", "Forrest Gump (sees Jenny walking up the stairs) Will you marry me?", "Forrest Gump Will you marry me?", "Jenny Curran (turns and looks at him)", "Forrest Gump I d make a good husband, Jenny?", "Jenny Curran You would, Forrest?", "Forrest Gump But you won t marry me?", "Jenny Curran You don t wanna marry me.", "Jenny Curran You don t wanna marry me?", "Forrest Gump Why don t you love me, Jenny?", "Forrest Gump I m not the smart man. But I know what love is.", "Forrest Gump I m not the smart man. But I know what love is?", "Walt Disney Where did she come from?", "P.L. Travers Mary Poppins and the Banks, their family to me", "P.L. Travers Mary Poppins and the Banks, their family to me .", "P.L. Travers Mary Poppins and the Banks, they re family to me .", "Walt Disney Mary Poppins was a real person? So it s not the children she comes to save. It s their father. It s your father.", "Walt Disney You know you haven t been to Disneyland and it s the happiest place on earth", "Walt Disney You know you haven t been to Disneyland and it s the happiest place on earth.", "P.L. Travers No no no please.", "P.L. Travers No, no, no please.", "Walt Disney Well when does anyone get to go to Disneyland with Walt Disney himself?", "Walt Disney Mrs. Travers what am I missing here? I m, wondering what I have to do to make you happy.", "Walt Disney Mrs. Travers what am I missing here? I m wondering what I have to do to make you happy.", "P.L. Travers I won t let her turn into one of your cartoons", "P.L. Travers I won t let her turn into one of your cartoons.", "Walt Disney Says the woman who sent a flying nanny with a talking umbrella to save the children", "Walt Disney Says the woman who sent a flying nanny with a talking umbrella to save the children.", "P.L. Travers You think Mary Poppins has come to save the children.... My Dear", "P.L. Travers You think Mary Poppins has come to save the children.", "Walt Disney Dame.", "Walt Disney Damn.", "Walt Disney 20 years ago I made a promise to my daughters that I would make your Mary Poppins fly off the pages of your books. I promise you mame.", "Walt Disney Twenty years ago, I made a promise to my daughters that I would make your Mary Poppins fly off the pages of your books. I promise you m am.", "Walt Disney Twenty years ago, I made a promise to my daughters that I would make your Mary Poppins fly off the pages of your books. I promise you ma am.", "Walt Disney Well you can t imagine how excited I am to finally meet you.", "P.L. Travers Would you mind my name is Mrs. Travers, Mr. Disney", "P.L. Travers Would you mind my name is Mrs. Travers, Mr. Disney.", "Walt Disney Walt now you gotta call me Walt", "Walt Disney Walt now you gotta call me Walt.", "Walt Disney It s not every day you get to go to Disneyland with Walt Disney himself", "Walt Disney It s not every day you get to go to Disneyland with Walt Disney himself.", "Walt Disney The boys have come up with an idea! I think it s gonna make you happy!", "P.L. Travers You didn t bring me all the way here to tell me that?", "Walt Disney Oh, no. I had a wager I couldn t get you on a ride. I just won twenty bucks!", "Forrest Gump What are you watchin ?", "Forrest Junior Bert and Ernie.", "Jenny Curran Do you think I could fly off this bridge, Forrest?", "Forrest Gump What do you mean, Jenny?", "Jenny Curran Nothin .", "Forrest Gump He should not be hittin you, Jenny.", "Lt. Dan Taylor Have you found Jesus yet, Gump?", "Forrest Gump I didn t know that we were supposed to be lookin for him, sir.", "Lt. Dan Taylor Forrest, I never thanked you for savin my life.", "Forrest Gump He never actually said so, but I think he made his peace with God.", "Forrest Gump Hello. My name is Forrest... Forrest Gump.", "Forrest Gump Hello. My name is Forrest. Forrest Gump.", "Jimmy Dugan Shit, Dottie, if you want to go back to Oregon and make a hundred babies, great, I m in no position to tell anyone how to live. But sneaking out like this, quitting, you ll regret it for the rest of your life. Baseball is what gets inside you. It s what lights you up, you can t deny that.", "Dottie Hinson It just got too hard.", "Jimmy Dugan It s supposed to be hard. If it wasn t hard, everyone would do it. The hard... is what makes it great.", "Jimmy Dugan It s supposed to be hard. If it wasn t hard, everyone would do it. The hard is what makes it great.", "Jimmy Dugan There s no crying in baseball!", "Jim Lovell Houston, we have a problem.", "Paul Edgecomb I ve done some things in my life I m not proud of, but this is the first time I ve ever felt in real danger of hell.", "Paul Edgecomb I just can t see God putting a gift like that in the hands of a man who would kill a child.", "Vittoria Vetra Are you really a symbologist or it was a joke?", "Robert Langdon Er... both.", "Inspector Olivetti Are you anti-catholic, Professor Langdon?", "Robert Langdon What?, No. I m anti-vandalism.", "Joe Banks I have no interest in myself. When I think about myself, I get bored out of my mind.", "Frank Abagnale Jr. Leave me alone", "Frank Abagnale Jr. Leave me alone.", "Carl Hanratty I can t, It s my job", "Carl Hanratty I can t, It s my job.", "Carl Hanratty You walk out of that door, they are going to kill you", "Carl Hanratty You walk out of that door, they are going to kill you.", "Carl Hanratty You have no one else to call", "Carl Hanratty You have no one else to call.", "Carl Hanratty Tell me Frank How did you cheat in the bar exam?", "Frank Abagnale Jr. I didn t cheat, I studied for two weeks and I passed", "Frank Abagnale Jr. I didn t cheat, I studied for two weeks and I passed.", "Goldthwait Higginson Dorr And what, to flog a horse, that if not dead is at this point in mortal danger of expiring, does this little square represent?", "Paul Edgecomb John... I have to ask you something very important now.", "John Coffey I know what you gonna say. You don t have to say it.", "Paul Edgecomb No, I do. I do. I have to say it. John... tell me what you want me to do. You want me to take you out of here? Just let you run away? See how far you could get?", "John Coffey Why would you do such a foolish thing?", "Paul Edgecomb On the day of my judgement... when I stand before God... and he asks me why did I... did I kill one of his true... miracles... what am I going to say? That it was my job? It s my job.", "John Coffey You tell God the Father it was a kindness you done. I know you re hurting and worrying. I can feel it on you. But you ought to quit on it now. I want it to be over and done with. I do. I m tired, boss. Tired of being on the road, lonely as a sparrow in the rain. I m tired of never having me a buddy to be with... to tell me where we s going to, coming from, or why. Mostly, I m tired of people being ugly to each other. I m tired of all the pain I feel and hear in the world... every day. There s too much of it. It s like pieces of glass in my head... all the time. Can you understand?", "Paul Edgecomb Yes, John, I think I can.", "Jim Lovell Gentlemen, it s been a privilege flying with you.", "Cpl. Upham So where you from, Captain? What did you do before the war?", "Capt. John Miller What s the pool up to?", "Cpl. Upham I think it s at 300.", "Capt. John Miller I ll tell you what. When it gets to 500 then I ll tell you and we ll split it.", "Cpl. Upham Well in that case, sir, as someone under your command, I would ask that we wait until it gets up 1000.", "Capt. John Miller What if we don t live that long?", "Cpl. Upham ...500?", "Capt. John Miller 500.", "Conductor Seeing is believing, but sometimes the most real things in the world are the things we can t see.", "News & Interviews for Tom Hanks", "Everything We Know About Toy Story 4", "Rank Tom Hanks\u2019 10 Best Movies", "5 Highlights of the 2018 Golden Globes, Including Time\u2019s Up, Oprah for President, and More", "Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle Easter Eggs & Fun Facts", "Video: Steven Spielberg Explains Why He Doesn\u2019t Do Rehearsals", "New York Film Critics Online Awards: Mudbound and The Florida Project Tied For Best Picture of 2017", "How the Most Expensive TV Shows Ever Scored on the Tomatometer", "Why Joe Dante\u2019s The \u2018Burbs Is As Relevant Today As It Was In 1989" ] }, { "url": "https://www.listchallenges.com/complete-list-of-tom-hanks-movies", "title": "Complete List of Tom Hanks Movies", "content": [ "Complete List of Tom Hanks Movies", "A complete list of films Tom Hanks has either appeared in or has helped produce, please select the ones you have seen. (Updated October 2019.)", "made by Stacey.mcculloch91", "Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon (2005)" ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Hanks", "title": "Tom Hanks Wikipedia", "content": [ "Tom Hanks", "Thomas Jeffrey Hanks (born July 9, 1956) is an American actor and filmmaker. Hanks is known for his comedic and dramatic roles in such films as \"Splash\" (1984), \"Big\" (1988), \"Turner & Hooch\" (1989), \"A League of Their Own\" (1992), \"Sleepless in Seattle\" (1993), \"Apollo 13\" (1995), \"Saving Private Ryan\" (1998), \"You've Got Mail\" (1998), \"The Green Mile\" (1999), \"Cast Away\" (2000), \"Road to Perdition\" (2002), \"The Polar Express\" (2004), \"Larry Crowne\" (2011), \"Cloud Atlas\" (2012), \"Captain Phillips\" (2013), \"Saving Mr. Banks\" (2013), and \"Sully\" (2016). He starred in the \"Robert Langdon\" film series, and voices Sheriff Woody in the \"Toy Story\" film series.", "Hanks' films have grossed more than $4.5 billion at U.S. and Canadian box offices and more than $9.0 billion worldwide, making him the third highest-grossing actor in North America. Hanks has been nominated for numerous awards during his career. He won a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in \"Philadelphia\" (1993), as well as a Golden Globe, an Academy Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and a People's Choice Award for Best Actor for \"Forrest Gump\" (1994). In 1995, Hanks became one of only two actors who won the Academy Award for Best Actor in consecutive years, with Spencer Tracy being the other. This feat has not been accomplished since. In 2004, he received the Stanley Kubrick Britannia Award for Excellence in Film from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA). In 2014, he received a Kennedy Center Honor and, in 2016, he received a Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama, as well as the French Legion of Honor.", "Hanks collaborated with film director Steven Spielberg on the films \"Saving Private Ryan\" (1998), \"Catch Me If You Can\" (2002), \"The Terminal\" (2004), \"Bridge of Spies\" (2015), and \"The Post\" (2017), as well as the 2001 miniseries \"Band of Brothers\", which launched Hanks as a successful director, producer, and screenwriter. In 2010, Spielberg and Hanks were executive producers on the HBO miniseries \"The Pacific\".", "Thomas Jeffrey Hanks was born in Concord, California on July 9, 1956, the son of hospital worker Janet Marylyn (\"n\u00e9e\" Frager; died 2016) and itinerant cook Amos Mefford Hanks. His mother was of Portuguese descent (her family's surname was originally \"Fraga\"), while his father had English ancestry. Hanks is a third cousin four times removed of President Abraham Lincoln through Lincoln's mother, Nancy Hanks Lincoln. His parents divorced in 1960. Their three oldest children, Sandra (later Sandra Hanks Benoiton, a writer), Larry (an entomology professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign), and Tom, went with their father, while the youngest, Jim (who also became an actor and filmmaker), remained with their mother in Red Bluff, California. In his childhood, Hanks' family moved often; by the age of 10, he had lived in 10 different houses.", "While Hanks' family religious history was Catholic and Mormon, he has characterized his teenage self as being a \"Bible-toting evangelical\" for several years. In school, he was unpopular with students and teachers alike, later telling \"Rolling Stone\" magazine, \"I was a geek, a spaz. I was horribly, painfully, terribly shy. At the same time, I was the guy who'd yell out funny captions during filmstrips. But I didn't get into trouble. I was always a real good kid and pretty responsible.\" In 1965, his father married Frances Wong, a San Francisco native of Chinese descent. Frances had three children, two of whom lived with Hanks during his high school years. Hanks acted in school plays, including \"South Pacific\", while attending Skyline High School in Oakland, California.", "Hanks studied theater at Chabot College in Hayward, California, and transferred to California State University, Sacramento, two years later. During a 2001 interview with Bob Costas, Hanks was asked whether he would rather have an Oscar or a Heisman Trophy. He replied he would rather win a Heisman by playing halfback for the California Golden Bears. He told \"New York\" magazine in 1986, \"Acting classes looked like the best place for a guy who liked to make a lot of noise and be rather flamboyant. I spent a lot of time going to plays. I wouldn't take dates with me. I'd just drive to a theater, buy myself a ticket, sit in the seat and read the program, and then get into the play completely. I spent a lot of time like that, seeing Brecht, Tennessee Williams, Ibsen, and all that.\"", "During his years studying theater, Hanks met Vincent Dowling, head of the Great Lakes Theater Festival in Cleveland, Ohio. At Dowling's suggestion, Hanks became an intern at the festival. His internship stretched into a three-year experience that covered most aspects of theater production, including lighting, set design, and stage management, prompting Hanks to drop out of college. During the same time, Hanks won the Cleveland Critics Circle Award for Best Actor for his 1978 performance as Proteus in Shakespeare's \"The Two Gentlemen of Verona\", one of the few times he played a villain. \"Time\" magazine named Hanks one of the \"Top 10 College Dropouts.\"", "In 1979, Hanks moved to New York City, where he made his film debut in the low-budget slasher film \"He Knows You're Alone\" (1980) and landed a starring role in the television movie \"Mazes and Monsters\". Early that year, he was cast in the lead, Callimaco, in the Riverside Shakespeare Company's production of Niccol\u00f2 Machiavelli's \"The Mandrake\", directed by Daniel Southern. The following year, Hanks landed one of the lead roles, that of character Kip Wilson, on the ABC television pilot of \"Bosom Buddies\". He and Peter Scolari played a pair of young advertising men forced to dress as women so they could live in an inexpensive all-female hotel. Hanks had previously partnered with Scolari on the 1970s game show \"Make Me Laugh\". After landing the role, Hanks moved to Los Angeles. \"Bosom Buddies\" ran for two seasons, and, although the ratings were never strong, television critics gave the program high marks. \"The first day I saw him on the set,\" co-producer Ian Praiser told \"Rolling Stone\", \"I thought, 'Too bad he won't be in television for long.' I knew he'd be a movie star in two years.\" However, although Praiser knew it, he was not able to convince Hanks. \"The television show had come out of nowhere,\" Hanks' best friend Tom Lizzio told \"Rolling Stone\".", "\"Bosom Buddies\" and a guest appearance on a 1982 episode of \"Happy Days\" (\"A Case of Revenge,\" in which he played a disgruntled former classmate of Fonzie) prompted director Ron Howard to contact Hanks. Howard was working on the film \"Splash\" (1984), a romantic comedy fantasy about a mermaid who falls in love with a human. At first, Howard considered Hanks for the role of the main character's wisecracking brother, a role that eventually went to John Candy. Instead, Hanks landed the lead role in \"Splash\", which went on to become a surprise box office hit, grossing more than US$69\u00a0million. He also had a sizable hit with the sex comedy \"Bachelor Party\", also in 1984. In 1983\u201384, Hanks made three guest appearances on \"Family Ties\" as Elyse Keaton's alcoholic brother, Ned Donnelly.", "With \"Nothing in Common\" (1986)\u00a0\u2013 a story of a young man alienated from his father (played by Jackie Gleason)\u00a0\u2013 Hanks began to extend himself from comedic roles to dramatic roles. In an interview with \"Rolling Stone\" magazine, Hanks commented on his experience: \"It changed my desires about working in movies. Part of it was the nature of the material, what we were trying to say. But besides that, it focused on people's relationships. The story was about a guy and his father, unlike, say, \"The Money Pit\", where the story is really about a guy and his house.\"", "After a few more flops and a moderate success with the comedy \"Dragnet\", Hanks' stature in the film industry rose. The broad success of the fantasy comedy \"Big\" (1988) established Hanks as a major Hollywood talent, both as a box office draw and within the industry as an actor. For his performance in the film, Hanks earned his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor. \"Big\" was followed later that year by \"Punchline\", in which he and Sally Field co-starred as struggling comedians.", "Hanks then suffered a run of box-office underperformers: \"The 'Burbs\" (1989), \"Joe Versus the Volcano\" (1990), and \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" (1990). In the last, he portrayed a greedy Wall Street figure who gets enmeshed in a hit-and-run accident. 1989's \"Turner & Hooch\" was Hanks' only financially successful film of the period.", "Hanks climbed back to the top again with his portrayal of a washed-up baseball legend turned manager in \"A League of Their Own\" (1992). Hanks has stated that his acting in earlier roles was not great, but that he subsequently improved. In an interview with \"Vanity Fair\", Hanks noted his \"\"modern era of moviemaking\u00a0... because enough self-discovery has gone on\u00a0... My work has become less pretentiously fake and over the top\"\". This \"modern era\" began in 1993 for Hanks, first with \"Sleepless in Seattle\" and then with \"Philadelphia\". The former was a blockbuster success about a widower who finds true love over the radio airwaves. Richard Schickel of \"TIME\" called his performance \"charming,\" and most critics agreed that Hanks' portrayal ensured him a place among the premier romantic-comedy stars of his generation.", "In \"Philadelphia\", he played a gay lawyer with AIDS who sues his firm for discrimination. Hanks lost 35 pounds and thinned his hair in order to appear sickly for the role. In a review for \"People\", Leah Rozen stated, \"Above all, credit for \"Philadelphia\"s success belongs to Hanks, who makes sure that he plays a character, not a saint. He is flat-out terrific, giving a deeply felt, carefully nuanced performance that deserves an Oscar.\" Hanks won the 1993 Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in \"Philadelphia\". During his acceptance speech, he revealed that his high school drama teacher Rawley Farnsworth and former classmate John Gilkerson, two people with whom he was close, were gay.", "Hanks followed \"Philadelphia\" with the 1994 hit \"Forrest Gump\" which grossed a worldwide total of over $600 million at the box office. Hanks remarked: \"When I read the script for \"Gump\", I saw it as one of those kind of grand, hopeful movies that the audience can go to and feel\u00a0... some hope for their lot and their position in life\u00a0... I got that from the movies a hundred million times when I was a kid. I still do.\" Hanks won his second Best Actor Academy Award for his role in \"Forrest Gump\", becoming only the second actor to have accomplished the feat of winning consecutive Best Actor Oscars. (Spencer Tracy was the first, winning in 1937\u201338. Hanks and Tracy were the same age at the time they received their Academy Awards: 37 for the first and 38 for the second.)", "Hanks' next role\u2014astronaut and commander Jim Lovell, in the 1995 film \"Apollo 13\"\u2014reunited him with Ron Howard. Critics generally applauded the film and the performances of the entire cast, which included actors Kevin Bacon, Bill Paxton, Gary Sinise, Ed Harris, and Kathleen Quinlan. The movie also earned nine Academy Award nominations, winning two. Later that year, Hanks starred in Disney/Pixar's CGI-animated hit film \"Toy Story\", as the voice of Sheriff Woody.", "Hanks made his directing debut with his 1996 film \"That Thing You Do!\" about a 1960s pop group, also playing the role of a music producer. Hanks and producer Gary Goetzman went on to create Playtone, a record and film production company named after the record company in the film.", "Hanks then executive produced, co-wrote, and co-directed the HBO docudrama \"From the Earth to the Moon\". The 12-part series chronicled the space program from its inception, through the familiar flights of Neil Armstrong and Jim Lovell, to the personal feelings surrounding the reality of moon landings. The Emmy Award-winning project was, at US$68\u00a0million, one of the most expensive ventures undertaken for television.", "In 1998, Hanks' next project was no less expensive. For \"Saving Private Ryan\", he teamed up with Steven Spielberg to make a film about a search through war-torn France after D-Day to bring back a soldier. It earned the praise and respect of the film community, critics, and the general public. It was labeled one of the finest war films ever made and earned Spielberg his second Academy Award for direction, and Hanks another Best Actor nomination. Later that year, Hanks re-teamed with his \"Sleepless in Seattle\" co-star Meg Ryan for \"You've Got Mail\", a remake of 1940's \"The Shop Around the Corner\". In 1999, Hanks starred in an adaptation of the Stephen King novel \"The Green Mile\". He also returned as the voice of Woody in \"Toy Story 2\", the sequel to \"Toy Story\". The following year, he won a Golden Globe for Best Actor and an Academy Award nomination for his portrayal of a marooned FedEx systems analyst in Robert Zemeckis's \"Cast Away\".", "In 2001, Hanks helped direct and produce the Emmy-Award-winning HBO miniseries \"Band of Brothers\". He also appeared in the September 11 television special \"\" and the documentary \"Rescued From the Closet\". He then teamed up with \"American Beauty\" director Sam Mendes for the adaptation of Max Allan Collins's and Richard Piers Rayner's graphic novel \"Road to Perdition\", in which he played an anti-hero role as a hitman on the run with his son. That same year, Hanks collaborated once again with director Spielberg, starring opposite Leonardo DiCaprio in the hit biographical crime drama \"Catch Me If You Can\", based on the true story of Frank Abagnale, Jr. The same year, Hanks and his wife Rita Wilson produced the hit movie \"My Big Fat Greek Wedding\". In August 2007, he along with co-producers Rita Wilson and Gary Goetzman, and writer and star Nia Vardalos, initiated a legal action against the production company Gold Circle Films for their share of profits from the movie. At the age of 45, Hanks became the youngest-ever recipient of the American Film Institute's Life Achievement Award on June 12, 2002.", "In 2004, he appeared in three films: The Coen brothers' \"The Ladykillers\", another Spielberg film, \"The Terminal\", and \"The Polar Express\", a family film from Zemeckis for which Hanks played multiple motion capture roles. In a \"USA Weekend\" interview, Hanks discussed how he chooses projects: \"[Since] \"A League of Their Own\", it can't be just another movie for me. It has to get me going somehow\u00a0... There has to be some all-encompassing desire or feeling about wanting to do that particular movie. I'd like to assume that I'm willing to go down any avenue in order to do it right\". In August 2005, Hanks was voted in as vice president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.", "Hanks next starred in the highly anticipated film \"The Da Vinci Code\", based on the best-selling novel by Dan Brown. The film was released May 19, 2006, in the U.S. and grossed over US$750\u00a0million worldwide. He followed the film with Ken Burns's 2007 documentary \"The War\". For the documentary, Hanks did voice work, reading excerpts from World War II-era columns by Al McIntosh. In 2006, Hanks topped a 1,500-strong list of \"most trusted celebrities\" compiled by \"Forbes\" magazine.", "Hanks next appeared in a cameo role as himself in \"The Simpsons Movie\", in which he appeared in an advertisement claiming that the U.S. government has lost its credibility and is hence buying some of his. He also made an appearance in the credits, expressing a desire to be left alone when he is out in public. Later in 2006, Hanks produced the British film \"Starter for Ten\", a comedy based on working-class students attempting to win on \"University Challenge\".", "In 2007, Hanks starred in Mike Nichols's film \"Charlie Wilson's War\" (written by screenwriter Aaron Sorkin) in which he played Democratic Texas Congressman Charles Wilson. The film opened on December 21, 2007, and Hanks received a Golden Globe nomination. In the comedy-drama film \"The Great Buck Howard\" (2008), Hanks played the on-screen father of a young man (played by Hanks' real-life son, Colin) who chooses to work as road manager for a fading mentalist (John Malkovich). His character was less than thrilled about his son's career decision. In the same year, he executive produced the musical comedy, \"Mamma Mia\" and the miniseries, \"John Adams\".", "Hanks' next endeavor, released on May 15, 2009, was a film adaptation of \"Angels & Demons\", based on the novel of the same name by Dan Brown. Its April 11, 2007, announcement revealed that Hanks would reprise his role as Robert Langdon, and that he would reportedly receive the highest salary ever for an actor. The following day he made his 10th appearance on NBC's \"Saturday Night Live\", impersonating himself for the \"Celebrity Jeopardy\" sketch. Hanks produced the Spike Jonze film \"Where The Wild Things Are\", based on the children's book by Maurice Sendak in 2009.", "In 2010, Hanks reprised his voice role of Woody in \"Toy Story 3\", after he, Tim Allen, and John Ratzenberger were invited to a movie theater to see a complete story reel of the movie. The film went on to become the first animated film to gross a worldwide total of over $1 billion as well as the highest-grossing animated film at the time. He also was executive producer of the miniseries, \"The Pacific\".", "In 2011, he directed and starred opposite Julia Roberts in the title role in the romantic comedy \"Larry Crowne\". The movie received poor reviews, with only 35% of the 175 Rotten Tomatoes reviews giving it high ratings. Also in 2011, he starred in the drama film \"Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close\". In 2012, he voiced the character Cleveland Carr for a web series he created titled \"Electric City\". He also starred in the Wachowskis-directed film adaptation of the novel of the same name, \"Cloud Atlas\" and was executive producer of the miniseries \"Game Change\".", "In 2013, Hanks starred in two critically acclaimed films\u2014\"Captain Phillips \"and\" Saving Mr. Banks\u2014\"which each earned him praise, including nominations for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor\u00a0\u2013 Motion Picture Drama for the former role. In \"Captain Phillips\", he starred as Captain Richard Phillips with Barkhad Abdi, which was based on the Maersk Alabama hijacking. In \"Saving Mr. Banks\", co-starring Emma Thompson and directed by John Lee Hancock, he played Walt Disney, being the first actor to portray Disney in a mainstream film. That same year, Hanks made his Broadway debut, starring in Nora Ephron's \"Lucky Guy\", for which he was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play.", "In 2014, Hanks' short story \"Alan Bean Plus Four\" was published in the October 27 issue of \"The New Yorker\". Revolving around four friends who make a voyage to the moon, the short story is titled after the Apollo 12 astronaut Alan Bean. \"Slate\" magazine's Katy Waldman found Hanks' first published short story \"mediocre\", writing that \"Hanks' shopworn ideas about technology might have yet sung if they hadn't been wrapped in too-clever lit mag-ese\". In an interview with \"The New Yorker\", Hanks said he has always been fascinated by space. He told the magazine that he built plastic models of rockets when he was a child and watched live broadcasts of space missions back in the 1960s.", "In March 2015, Hanks appeared in the Carly Rae Jepsen music video for \"I Really Like You\", lip-syncing most of the song's lyrics as he goes through his daily routine. His next film was the Steven Spielberg-directed historical drama \"Bridge of Spies\", in which he played lawyer James B. Donovan who negotiated for the release of pilot Francis Gary Powers by the Soviet Union in exchange for KGB spy Rudolf Abel. It was released in October 2015 to a positive reception. In April 2016, Hanks starred as Alan Clay in the comedy-drama \"A Hologram for the King\", an adaptation of the 2012 novel of the same name.", "Hanks starred as airline captain Chesley Sullenberger in Clint Eastwood's \"Sully\", which was released in September 2016. He next reprised his role as Robert Langdon in \"Inferno\" (2016), and co-starred alongside Emma Watson in the 2017 science fiction drama \"The Circle\". He voiced David S. Pumpkins in \"The David S. Pumpkins Animated Halloween Special\", which aired October 28, 2017, on NBC, a character he had portrayed in episodes of \"Saturday Night Live\".", "Hanks supports same-sex marriage, environmental causes, and alternative fuels. He has donated to many Democratic politicians, and during the 2008 United States presidential election uploaded a video to his MySpace account endorsing Barack Obama. He also narrated a 2012 documentary, \"The Road We've Traveled,\" created by Obama for America. In 2016, Hanks endorsed Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election.", "Hanks was outspoken about his opposition to the 2008 Proposition 8, an amendment to the California constitution that defined marriage as a union only between a man and a woman. Hanks and others raised over US$44\u00a0million to campaign against the proposition, in contrast to the supporters' $39\u00a0million, but Proposition 8 passed with 52% of the vote. It was overruled in June 2013, when the Ninth Circuit lifted its stay of the district court's ruling, enabling Governor Jerry Brown to order same-sex marriage officiations to resume. While premiering a TV series in January 2009, Hanks called supporters of Proposition 8 \"un-American\" and criticized the LDS Church members, who were major proponents of the bill, for their views on marriage and role in supporting the bill. About a week later, he apologized for the remark, saying that nothing is more American than voting one's conscience.", "A proponent of environmentalism, Hanks is an investor in electric vehicles and owns a Toyota RAV4 EV and the first production AC Propulsion eBox. He was a lessee of an EV1 before it was recalled, as chronicled in the documentary \"Who Killed the Electric Car?\" He was on the waiting list for an Aptera 2 Series.", "Hanks serves as campaign chair of the Hidden Heroes Campaign of the Elizabeth Dole Foundation. The stated mission of the campaign is to inspire a national movement to more effectively support military and veteran caregivers.", "A supporter of NASA's manned space program, Hanks said he originally wanted to be an astronaut. Hanks is a member of the National Space Society, serving on the Board of governors of the nonprofit educational space advocacy organization founded by Dr. Wernher von Braun. He also produced the HBO miniseries \"From the Earth to the Moon\" about the Apollo program to send astronauts to the moon. In addition, Hanks co-wrote and co-produced \"\", an IMAX film about the moon landings. Hanks provided the voice-over for the premiere of the show \"Passport to the Universe\" at the Rose Center for Earth and Space in the Hayden Planetarium at the American Museum of Natural History in New York.", "In 2006, the Space Foundation awarded Hanks the Douglas S. Morrow Public Outreach Award, given annually to an individual or organization that has made significant contributions to public awareness of space programs.", "In June 2006, Hanks was inducted as an honorary member of the United States Army Rangers Hall of Fame for his accurate portrayal of a captain in the movie \"Saving Private Ryan\"; Hanks, who was unable to attend the induction ceremony, was the first actor to receive such an honor. In addition to his role in \"Saving Private Ryan\", Hanks was cited for serving as the national spokesperson for the World War II Memorial Campaign, for being the honorary chairperson of the D-Day Museum Capital Campaign, and for his role in writing and helping to produce the Emmy Award\u2013winning miniseries, \"Band of Brothers\". On March 10, 2008, Hanks was on hand at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame to induct The Dave Clark Five.", "Hanks is a collector of manual typewriters and uses them almost daily. In August 2014, Hanks released Hanx Writer, an iOS app meant to emulate the experience of using a typewriter; within days the free app reached number one on the App Store.", "In November 2014, Hanks said he would publish a collection of short stories inspired by his typewriter collection. The book, \"Uncommon Type\", was published in 2017.", "Hanks is perceived to be amiable and congenial to his fans. He has frequently been referred to as \"America's Dad\". In 2013, when he was starring in Nora Ephron's \"Lucky Guy\" on Broadway, he had crowds of 300 fans waiting for a glimpse of him after every performance. This is the highest number of expectant fans post-show of any Broadway performance.", "Hanks is ranked as the third highest all-time box office star in North America, with a total gross of over $4.5\u00a0billion at the North American box office, an average of $100.8\u00a0million per film. Worldwide, his films have grossed over $9.0\u00a0billion.", "Asteroid is named after him.", "Hanks was married to American actress Samantha Lewes from 1978. They had one son, actor Colin Hanks (born 1977), and one daughter, Elizabeth Hanks (born 1982).", "In 1981, Hanks met actress Rita Wilson on the set of TV comedy \"Bosom Buddies\" (1980-1982). They were reunited in 1985 on the set of \"Volunteers\".", "Hanks and Samantha Lewes divorced in 1987.", "In 1988, Hanks married actress Rita Wilson. They have two sons. The oldest, Chester Marlon \"Chet\" Hanks, had a minor role as a student in \"Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull\" and released a rap song in 2011. Their youngest, Truman Theodore, was born in 1995.", "Before marrying Wilson, Hanks converted to the Greek Orthodox Church, the religion of Wilson and her family. He said, \"I must say that when I go to church\u2014and I do go to church\u2014I ponder the mystery. I meditate on the 'why?' of 'why people are as they are' and 'why bad things happen to good people,' and 'why good things happen to bad people'\u00a0... The mystery is what I think is, almost, the grand unifying theory of all mankind.\"", "On October 7, 2013, on \"The Late Show with David Letterman\", Hanks announced that he has Type 2 diabetes." ] } ] }, "timestamp": null }, { "action": "Wizard => Apprentice", "text": "Absolutely, his work is amazing. Have you watched A Beautiful Day In The Neighborhood? It came out in 2019 ands won 2 Oscars though he deserved many more.", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3224458/", "title": "A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood 2019 IMDb", "content": [ "A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood (2019)", "Biography, Drama | 18 October 2019 (USA)", "Two-time Oscar\u00ae-winner Tom Hanks portrays Mister Rogers in A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood, a timely story of kindness triumphing over cynicism, based on the true story of a real-life ... See full summary \u00bb", "Micah Fitzerman-Blue (screenplay), Noah Harpster (screenplay)", "Tom Hanks, Matthew Rhys, Tammy Blanchard | See full cast & crew \u00bb", "This Is Us: Susan Kelechi Watson on How Beth Is Finding Her Identity Apart From Randall", "Tom Hanks and Paul Greengrass to reunite for News of the World", "Tom Hanks and Paul Greengrass Reunite for News of the World", "Watchlist: Most Anticipated Movies of 2019", "Interesting 2019 movies", "2019 Anticipated Films", "Search for A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood on Amazon.com", "Real People Tom Hanks Should Play", "Tom Hanks ... Fred Rogers", "Matthew Rhys ... Lloyd Vogel", "Tammy Blanchard ... Lorraine", "Enrico Colantoni ... Bill Isler", "Chris Cooper ... Jerry Vogel", "Susan Kelechi Watson ... Andrea Vogel", "Wendy Makkena ... Dorothy", "Sakina Jaffrey ... Ellen", "Maddie Corman ... Lady Aberlin", "Kevin L. Johnson ... Darin Scharf", "Kitty Crystal ... Subway Punk", "Maryann Plunkett ... Joanne Rogers", "Michael Masini ... Richie", "Mike Ancas ... WQED Grip", "Noah Harpster ... Todd", "Two-time Oscar\u00ae-winner Tom Hanks portrays Mister Rogers in A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood, a timely story of kindness triumphing over cynicism, based on the true story of a real-life friendship between Fred Rogers and journalist Tom Junod. After a jaded magazine writer (Emmy winner Matthew Rhys) is assigned a profile of Fred Rogers, he overcomes his skepticism, learning about empathy, kindness, and decency from America s most beloved neighbor.", "television show host | See All (1) \u00bb", "Untitled Mr. Rogers/Tom Hanks Project See more \u00bb", "Big Beach Films See more \u00bb", "Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris were attached to direct the movie. See more \u00bb", "Referenced in AniMat s Crazy Cartoon Cast: Remembering Stephen Hillenburg (2018) See more \u00bb" ] }, { "url": "https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/greyhound", "title": "Greyhound 2020 Rotten Tomatoes", "content": [ "In the early days of WWII, an international convoy of 37 Allied ships, led by captain Ernest Krause (Hanks) in his first command of a U.S. destroyer, crosses the treacherous North Atlantic while hotly pursued by wolf packs of Nazi U-boats.", "as George Krause", "as Flusser", "as Lt. Carling", "as Temme", "as Helmsman Campbell", "as Rudel", "News & Interviews for Greyhound", "Critic Reviews for Greyhound", "Audience Reviews for Greyhound", "There are no featured reviews for Greyhound at this time.", "Greyhound Quotes" ] }, { "url": "https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/tom_hanks", "title": "Tom Hanks Rotten Tomatoes Movies", "content": [ "Highest Rated: 100% Notes From The Field (2018)", "Lowest Rated: 9% My Life in Ruins (2009)", "Birthday: Jul 9, 1956", "Birthplace: Concord, California", "American leading actor Tom Hanks has become one of the most popular stars in contemporary American cinema. Born July 9, 1956, in Concord, CA, Hanks spent much of his childhood moving about with his father, an itinerant cook, and continually attempting to cope with constantly changing schools, religions, and stepmothers. After settling in Oakland, CA, he began performing in high-school plays. He continued acting while attending Cal State, Sacramento, and left to pursue his vocation full-time. In 1978, Hanks went to find work in New York; while there he married actress/producer Samantha Lewes, whom he later divorced.Hanks debuted onscreen in the low-budget slasher movie He Knows You re Alone (1979). Shortly afterward he moved to Los Angeles and landed a co-starring role in the TV sitcom Bosom Buddies; he also worked occasionally in other TV series such as Taxi and Family Ties, as well as in the TV movie Mazes and Monsters. Hanks finally became prominent when he starred opposite Daryl Hannah in the Disney comedy Splash!, which became the sleeper hit of 1984. Audiences were drawn to the lanky, curly headed actor s amiable, laid-back style and keen sense of comic timing. He went on to appear in a string of mostly unsuccessful comedies before starring in Big (1988), in which he gave a delightful performance as a child in a grown man s body. His 1990 film Bonfire of the Vanities was one of the biggest bombs of the year, but audiences seemed to forgive his lapse. In 1992, Hanks star again rose when he played the outwardly disgusting, inwardly warm-hearted coach in Penny Marshall s A League of Their Own. This led to a starring role in the smash hit romantic comedy Sleepless in Seattle (1993).Although a fine comedic actor, Hanks earned critical respect and an even wider audience when he played a tormented AIDS-afflicted homosexual lawyer in the drama Philadelphia (1993) and won that year s Oscar for Best Actor. In 1994 he won again for his convincing portrait of the slow-witted but phenomenally lucky Forrest Gump, and his success continued with the smash space epic Apollo 13 (1995). In 1996, Hanks tried his hand at screenwriting, directing, and starring in a feature: That Thing You Do!, an upbeat tale of a one-hit wonder group and their manager. The film was not particularly successful, unlike Hanks next directing endeavor, the TV miniseries From Earth to the Moon. The series was nominated for and won a slew of awards, including a series of Emmys. The success of this project was outdone by Hanks next, Steven Spielberg s Saving Private Ryan (1998). Ryan won vast critical acclaim and was nominated for 11 Oscars, including a Best Actor nomination for Hanks. The film won five, including a Best Director Oscar for Spielberg, but lost Best Picture to Shakespeare in Love, a slight that was to become the subject of controversy. No controversy surrounded Hanks following film, Nora Ephron s You ve Got Mail (1998), a romantic comedy that paired Hanks with his Sleepless co-star Meg Ryan. Although the film got mixed reviews, it was popular with filmgoers, and thus provided Hanks with another success to add to his resum\u00e9. Even more success came soon after when Hanks took home the 2000 Golden Globes Best Actor in a drama award for his portrayal of a shipwrecked FedEx systems engineer who learns the virtues of wasted time in Robert Zemeckis Cast Away. Though absent from the silver screen in 2001, Hanks remained in the public eye with a role in the acclaimed HBO mini-series Band of Brothers as well as appearing in September 11 television special America: A Tribute to Heroes and the documentary Rescued From the Closet. Next teaming with American Beauty director Sam Mendes for the adaptation of Max Allan Collins graphic novel The Road to Perdition (subsequently inspired by the Japanese manga Lone Wolf and Cub, the nice-guy star took a rare anti-hero role as a hitman (albiet an honorable and fairly respectable hitman) on the lam with his son (Tyler Ho", "Defying the Nazis: The Sharps War", "No Score Yet A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood Fred Rogers 2019", "No Score Yet Toy Story 4 Woody 2019", "No Score Yet Greyhound George Krause Screenwriter Producer 2019", "81% Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again Executive Producer 2018", "88% The Post Ben Bradlee 2018", "No Score Yet The Mayo Clinic: Faith - Hope - Science Actor 2018", "100% Notes From The Field Executive Producer 2018", "35% Mark Felt: The Man Who Brought Down the White House Producer 2017", "100% California Typewriter Actor 2017", "15% The Circle Producer Actor 2017", "22% Inferno Robert Langdon 2016", "13% Ithaca Mr. Macauley Executive Producer 2016", "85% Sully Chesley Sully Sullenberger 2016", "100% Defying the Nazis: The Sharps War Waitstill Sharp 2016", "73% A Hologram for the King Producer Alan Clay 2016", "29% My Big Fat Greek Wedding 2 Producer 2016", "100% Everything Is Copy Actor 2016", "91% Bridge of Spies James Donovan 2015", "100% Toy Story That Time Forgot Actor 2014", "36% Misery Loves Comedy Actor 2014", "No Score Yet Tcm Presents And The Oscar (R) Goes To... Actor 2014", "No Score Yet Glad All Over: The Dave Clark Five and Beyond Actor 2014", "79% Saving Mr. Banks Walt Disney 2013", "93% Toy Story of Terror! Woody 2013", "93% Captain Phillips Captain Richard Phillips 2013", "50% Parkland Producer 2013", "No Score Yet An Article Of Hope Executive Producer 2013", "No Score Yet Killing Lincoln Narrator 2013", "66% Cloud Atlas Dr. Henry Goose/Hotel Mgr./Isaac Sachs/Dermot Hoggins/Cavend 2012", "46% Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close Thomas Schell 2012", "No Score Yet Passport To The Universe Actor 2012", "68% Game Change Executive Producer 2012", "No Score Yet Small Fry Woody 2011", "37% Larry Crowne Producer Screenwriter Director Larry Crowne 2011", "No Score Yet Hawaiian Vacation Woody 2011", "98% Toy Story 3 Woody 2010", "No Score Yet Rock and Roll Hall of Fame + Museum: Live - Legends Actor 2010", "72% Where the Wild Things Are Producer 2009", "9% My Life in Ruins Executive Producer 2009", "37% Angels & Demons Robert Langdon 2009", "72% The Great Buck Howard Producer Troy s Father 2009", "53% City of Ember Producer 2008", "55% Mamma Mia! Executive Producer 2008", "82% Charlie Wilson s War Charlie Wilson Producer 2007", "86% The Pixar Story Actor 2007", "88% The Simpsons Movie Himself 2007", "23% Evan Almighty Executive Producer 2007", "62% The Ant Bully Producer 2006", "89% Who Killed the Electric Car? Actor 2006", "74% Cars Woody Car 2006", "25% The Da Vinci Code Dr. Robert Langdon 2006", "90% Starter for 10 Producer 2006", "90% Neil Young: Heart of Gold Producer 2006", "88% Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon 3D Narrator 2005", "No Score Yet Saturday Night Live - The Best of Tom Hanks Actor 2005", "56% The Polar Express Hero Boy/Father/Conductor/Hobo/Scrooge/Santa Executive Producer 2004", "No Score Yet The Rutles 2---Can t Buy Me Lunch Himself 2004", "60% The Terminal Viktor Navorski 2004", "55% The Ladykillers Prof. Goldthwait Higginson Dorr 2004", "No Score Yet Elvis Has Left the Building Mailbox Elvis 2004", "No Score Yet Late Night With Conan O Brien - 10th Anniversary Special Actor 2004", "No Score Yet Horatio s Drive: America s First Road Trip Horatio Nelson Jackson 2003", "95% Great Performances Actor 2003", "No Score Yet Concert for George Actor 2003", "95% Catch Me If You Can Carl Hanratty 2002", "80% Road to Perdition Michael Sullivan 2002", "76% My Big Fat Greek Wedding Producer 2002", "No Score Yet Fighting for Freedom: Revolution & Civil War Narrator 2002", "No Score Yet America: A Tribute to Heroes Actor 2001", "No Score Yet Joe Versus The Volcano Actor 2001", "89% Cast Away Chuck Noland Producer 2000", "80% The Green Mile Paul 1999", "100% Toy Story 2 Woody 1999", "100% Return With Honor Actor 1999", "68% You ve Got Mail Joe Fox 1998", "93% Saving Private Ryan Capt. Miller 1998", "No Score Yet Into the Breach: Saving Private Ryan Actor 1998", "No Score Yet The Directors Actor 1997", "93% That Thing You Do! Mr. White Screenwriter Director 1996", "96% The Celluloid Closet Interviewee 1996", "No Score Yet The Universal Story Actor 1996", "100% Toy Story Woody 1995", "95% Apollo 13 Jim Lovell 1995", "72% Forrest Gump Forrest Gump 1994", "No Score Yet Through the Eyes of Forrest Gump Actor 1994", "79% Philadelphia Andrew Beckett 1993", "73% Sleepless in Seattle Sam Baldwin 1993", "78% A League of Their Own Jimmy Dugan 1992", "33% Radio Flyer Older Mike 1992", "16% The Bonfire of the Vanities Sherman McCoy 1990", "62% Joe Versus the Volcano Joe Banks 1990", "54% Turner and Hooch Det. Scott Turner 1989", "52% The Burbs Ray Peterson 1989", "56% Punchline Steven Gold 1988", "97% Big Josh 1988", "50% Dragnet Streebek 1987", "57% Nothing in Common David Basner 1986", "47% The Money Pit Walter Fielding Jr. 1986", "No Score Yet Everytime We Say Goodbye Actor 1986", "No Score Yet Every Time We Say Goodbye David 1986", "58% Volunteers Lawrence Bourne III 1985", "47% The Man with One Red Shoe Richard 1985", "54% Bachelor Party Rick Gassko 1984", "No Score Yet The Dollmaker Actor 1984", "90% Splash Allen Bauer 1984", "No Score Yet Mazes and Monsters Robbie Wheeling 1982", "25% He Knows You re Alone Elliot 1980", "No Score Yet 1968", "Appearing Executive Producer", "No Score Yet The 2000s", "No Score Yet The Nineties", "Host Guest Appearing Voice Performer", "No Score Yet American Masters", "38% Maya & Marty", "No Score Yet The Eighties", "95% Olive Kitteridge", "91% The Pacific", "81% John Adams", "60% The War", "No Score Yet Meet the Press", "Speaker Performer", "94% Band of Brothers", "Director Screenwriter British Officer Executive Producer Producer", "No Score Yet American Experience", "No Score Yet From the Earth to the Moon", "Director Screenwriter Jean-Luc Executive Producer", "82% Tales from the Crypt", "No Score Yet Happy Days", "Fonzie s Nemesis", "78% Bosom Buddies", "Kip/Buffy Wilson", "No Score Yet Taxi", "No Score Yet Fallen Angels", "No Score Yet Prohibition", "Voice Narrator", "QUOTES FROM Tom Hanks CHARACTERS", "Dr. Robert Langdon Only the worthy find the grail, Leigh. You taught me that.", "Ivan Schischkin This is not an equitable trade, sir.", "James Donovan But what you re saying is, if Powers has given up everything he knows then Moscow would trade? Why wouldn t they? As for Abel, if he dies in an American prison, the next Russian operative who gets caught might think twice about keeping his mouth shut. And you never know, Abel might want to see the sky again and decide to trade Russian secrets for small American favours.", "Ivan Schischkin How can we know this? We little men. We just do our jobs.", "James Donovan Like Lieutenant Powers. He s just a pilot.", "Ivan Schischkin He was making photographs from 70,000 feet when he was shot from the sky. People in my country consider this an act of war.", "James Donovan We have to get off this merry-go-round, sir. The next mistake our countries make could be last one. We need to have the conversation our governments can t.", "Ivan Schischkin I will ask Moscow. Who knows what they will say. There are a lot of people, Mr. Donovan, who doesn t want this exchange to ever take place.", "Joe Banks But still...We re on a raft... There s no land in site.... I don t now...", "DeDe/Angelica/Patricia It s always gonna be something with you; isn t it, Joe?", "Sophie Neveu Professor, hurry! Hurry!", "Dr. Robert Langdon Moon. Sermin. Charms. Demons. Omens. Codes. Monks. Ranks. Rocks.", "Sophie Neveu Madonna of the rocks.", "Dr. Robert Langdon Da Vinci!", "Jim Lovell It s like flying with a dead elephant on our back.", "Jim Lovell We just lost the moon.", "Michael Sullivan Jr. What are gonna do?", "Michael Sullivan Just one last thing, and then it s done.", "Michael Sullivan Jr. What are you gonna do?", "James Donovan We have to have the conversations our governments can t.", "Woody Shut up! Just shut up, you idiot!", "James Donovan Aren t you worried?...", "James Donovan Aren t you worried?", "Rudolf Abel Would that help?", "James Donovan It doesn t matter what people think. You know what you did.", "Hero Boy/Father/Conductor/Hobo/Scrooge/Santa There s no greater gift than friendship.", "James Donovan The next mistake our countries make could be the last.", "James Donovan We need to have the conversation our governments can t.", "James Donovan Everyone deserves a defense. Every person matters.", "James Donovan You re asking me to violate the constitution.", "James Donovan I m an insurance lawyer. I m not sure I want to pick that up.", "James Donovan Everyone will hatr me, but at least I ll lose.", "James Donovan Everyone will hate me, but at least I ll lose.", "Joe Fox Let me just say there was a man sitting in the elevator with me who knew exactly what he wanted, and I found myself wishing I were as lucky as he.", "Buzz Lightyear You my friend are responsible for delaying my rendezvous with star command!", "Woody You are a toy!!", "Forrest Gump You died on a Saturday mornin . And I had you placed here under our elm tree. And I had that house of your father s bulldozed to the ground. Momma always said dyin was a part of life. I sure wish it wasn t. Little Forrest, he s doin just fine. About to start school again soon. I make his breakfast, lunch, and dinner every day. I make sure he combs his hair and brushes his teeth every day. Teachin him how to play Ping-Pong. He s really good. We fish a lot. And every night, we read a book. He s so smart, Jenny. You d be so proud of him. I am. He, uh, wrote a letter, and he says I can t read it. I m not supposed to, so I ll leave it here for you. Jenny, I don t know if Momma was right or if, if it s Lieutenant Dan.", "Forrest Gump I don t know if we each have a destiny, or if we re all just floatin around accidental-like on a breeze, but I, I think maybe it s both. Maybe both is happenin at the same time. I miss you Jenny. If there s anything you need. I won t be far away.", "Walt Disney Life is a harsh sentence to lay down for yourself.", "Walt Disney I m tired of remembering it that way. Aren t you tired too, Mrs. Travers? Now we all have our sad tales, but don t you want to finish the story? Let it all go and have a life that isn t dictated by the past?", "Forrest Gump Life is like a box a chocolate, you never know what your going to get.", "Charlie Wilson You did a hell of a job for the son of a soda pop maker.", "Gust Avrakotos We ll see , said the Zen master.", "Forrest Gump Mama always said life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what you re gonna get.", "Forrest Gump My mama says that stupid is as stupid does.", "Woody You ll be okay in the attic?", "Jessie the Cowgirl Of course I will.... Besides, I know about Buzz s Spanish mode.", "Buzz Lightyear My what?", "Sam Baldwin Didn t you see Fatal Attraction?", "Jonah Baldwin You wouldn t let me!", "Sam Baldwin Well, I saw it and scared the shit out of me! It scared the shit out of every man in America!", "Pvt. Caparzo Sir. The decent thing to do is at least take her to the next town", "Pvt. Caparzo Sir. The decent thing to do is at least take her to the next town.", "Capt. John Miller We re not here to do the decent thing. We re here to follow fuckin orders!", "Angelica Would you like to hear a poem?", "Joe Banks Ok, sure.", "Angelica Long ago, the delicate tangles of his hair covered the emptiness of my hand. Would you like to hear it again?", "Walt Disney The woman s a conundrum...", "Jenny Curran His name s Forrest.", "Forrest Gump Like me.", "Jenny Curran I named him after his daddy.", "Forrest Gump He got a daddy named Forrest, too?", "Jenny Curran You re his daddy, Forrest.", "Forrest Gump When I got tired, I slept. When I got hungry, I ate. When I had to go, you know, I went.", "Elderly Southern Woman And so, you just ran?", "Forrest Gump Yeah.", "Forrest Gump My mama always said, dyin was a part of life. I sure wish it wasn t.", "Warden Hal Moores What in the blue fuck was that? There s puke all over the floor. God, that smell. That smell won t come out for another 5 years that what I m betting. And that asshole, Wharton is singing about it.", "Paul Edgecomb Did he carry a tune, Hal?", "Warden Hal Moores Ok, boys. But, what the hell happened?", "Paul Edgecomb An execution sir. A successful one.", "Warden Hal Moores How in the name of Christ can you call that a success?", "Paul Edgecomb Eduard Delacroix is dead. (turns to Percy) Isn t he?", "Paul Edgecomb Eduard Delacroix is dead. Isn t he?", "Warden Hal Moores Something to say, Percy?", "Percy Wetmore I didn t know the sponge was supposed to wet.", "Warden Hal Moores How many years Percy have you been pissing on the toilet seat before someone told you to put it up?", "Forrest Gump My mama says they were magic shoes. They could take me anywhere.", "Walt Disney That s what we storytellers do. We restore order with imagination. We instill hope again and again and again.", "Forrest Gump That day, for no particular reason, I decided to go for a little run. So I ran to the end of the road. And when I got there, I thought maybe I d run to the end of the town. And when I got there, I thought maybe I d just run across Greenbow County. And I figured, since run this far, maybe I d just run across the great state of Alabama. And that s what I did. I ran clear across Alabama. For no particular reason I just kept on goin . I ran clear to the ocean. And when I got there, I figured, since I d gone this far, I might as well turn around, just keep on goin . When I got to another ocean, I figured, since I d gone this far, I might as well just turn back, keep right on goin .", "Forrest Gump Now you wouldn t believe me if I told you, but I could run like the wind blows. From that day on, if I was goin somewhere, I was runnin !", "Woody So long, partner.", "Goldthwait Higginson Dorr And what, to flog a horse, that if not dead is at this point in mortal danger of expirin , does this little square represent?", "P.L. Travers It is honored Mr. Disney....", "Walt Disney Oh Walt you got to call me Walt!!!!", "Buzz Lightyear I ve set my laser from stun, to kill.", "Woody Oh Great, oh great. If anyone tries to attack us, we can blink em to death.", "Jenny Curran (opens the apartment door and sees Forrest) Hey, Forrest, how are you doin ?", "Jenny Curran Hey, Forrest, how are you doin ?", "Forrest Gump Hi!", "Jenny Curran Come in, come in?", "Forrest Gump (walks in and closes the door) Is this your house?", "Forrest Gump Is this your house?", "Jenny Curran Yeah, it s messy right now. I just got off the work.", "Forrest Gump It s nice. You got air conditionin .", "Forrest Gump Then it felt like somethin that had just jumped up and bit me.", "Forrest Gump Then it felt like somethin just jumped up and bit me.", "Forrest Gump Ah! Somethin jumped up and bit me!", "Forrest Gump Ah! Somethin bit me!", "Forrest Gump Then it felt like something just jumped up and bit me.", "Forrest Gump Ah! Something jumped up and bit me!", "Forrest Gump Ah! Something jumped up and bit me!", "Forrest Gump It wasn t always fun. Lieutenant Dan was always gettin these funny feelings, about Iraq, or the trail, or the road. So he d tell us to, Get down! Shut up!", "Lt. Dan Taylor Get down! Shut up!", "Forrest Gump So we did.", "Captain Richard Phillips They re not here to fish.", "Muse Relax, everything going to be okay. Look at me.", "Muse Relax, everything going to be okay. Look at me.", "Captain Richard Phillips Sure", "Captain Richard Phillips Sure.", "Muse Look at me", "Muse Look at me.", "Muse I m the captain now.", "Muse I m the captain now.", "Captain Richard Phillips This is the Maersk Alabama. We are an unarmed freighter. We have two skiffs approaching with armed intruders, potential piracy situation.", "Captain Richard Phillips This is the Maersk Alabama. We are an unarmed freighter. We have two skiffs approaching with armed intruders, potential piracy situation.", "UKMTO Officer Copy Alabama, you should alert your crew and get your fire hoses ready.", "UKMTO Officer Copy Alabama, you should alert your crew and get your fire hoses ready.", "Captain Richard Phillips Uh, yeah, is that it?", "Captain Richard Phillips Uh, yeah, is that it?", "UKMTO Officer Chances are it s just fishermen.", "UKMTO Officer Chances are it s just fishermen.", "Captain Richard Phillips They re not here to fish.", "Shane Murphy Everything okay?", "Shane Murphy Everything okay?", "Captain Richard Phillips I don t like the look of that.", "Captain Richard Phillips I don t like the look of that.", "Shane Murphy They re coming in fast!", "Shane Murphy They re coming in fast!", "Muse Look at me...", "Muse Look at me!", "Captain Richard Phillips Sure!", "Muse I am the Captain now.", "Captain Richard Phillips The navy is not gonna let you win! They would rather sink this boat, than let you win.", "Buzz Lightyear (whispers) Another stunt like that, cowboy, you going to get us killed.", "Buzz Lightyear Another stunt like that, cowboy, you going to get us killed.", "Woody Don\u2019t tell me what to do!", "Woody Don t tell me what to do!", "Buzz Lightyear Shhh!", "Forrest Gump Jenny, I don t know if Momma was right or if, if it s Lieutenant Dan. I don t know if we have a destiny, or if we re all just floatin around accidental-like on a breeze, but I, I think maybe it s both. Maybe both is happenin at the same time.", "Woody (Jessie holds the bottom of the plane that is taking off) Jessie, let go of the plane.", "Woody Jessie, let go of the plane.", "Woody Buzz? Buzz Lightyear, you re not worried are you?", "Buzz Lightyear Me? Oh no, no, no, no, no. Are you?", "Woody Now Buzz, what can Andy possibly get that is worse then you?", "Andy (in the recorder) Oh what is it? What is it? Wow! A puppy! (movie ends)", "Andy Oh what is it? What is it? Wow! A puppy!", "Woody You, Are, A, Toyyyyy! You re not the real thing. You re an action figure. You are a child s play thing!", "Buzz Lightyear You are a sad, strange little man. Farewell.", "Woody Ya, well. Good riddance you loony.", "Woody (stands on the runway with some toys as the airplane takes off over them and they re about to leave) Let s... go home.", "Woody Let s go home.", "Woody ( talking to Jessie as they stand in the cargo bin of the airplane aand they re about to get out) It s time for me to take you home.", "Woody It s time for me to take you home.", "Chuck Noland We both had done the math. Kelly added it all up and... knew she had to let me go. I added it up, and knew that I had... lost her. cos I was never gonna get off that island. I was gonna die there, totally alone. I was gonna get sick, or get injured or something. The only choice I had, the only thing I could control was when, and how, and where it was going to happen. So... I made a rope and I went up to the summit, to hang myself. I had to test it, you know? Of course. You know me. And the weight of the log, snapped the limb of the tree, so I-I - , I couldn t even kill myself the way I wanted to. I had power over *nothing*. And that s when this feeling came over me like a warm blanket. I knew, somehow, that I had to stay alive. Somehow. I had to keep breathing. Even though there was no reason to hope. And all my logic said that I would never see this place again. So that s what I did. I stayed alive. I kept breathing. And one day my logic was proven all wrong because the tide came in, and gave me a sail. And now, here I am. I m back. In Memphis, talking to you. I have ice in my glass... And I ve lost her all over again. I m so sad that I don t have Kelly. But I m so grateful that she was with me on that island. And I know what I have to do now. I gotta keep breathing. Because tomorrow the sun will rise. Who knows what the tide could bring?", "Forrest Gump (sees Jenny walking up the stairs) Will you marry me?", "Forrest Gump Will you marry me?", "Jenny Curran (turns and looks at him)", "Forrest Gump I d make a good husband, Jenny?", "Jenny Curran You would, Forrest?", "Forrest Gump But you won t marry me?", "Jenny Curran You don t wanna marry me.", "Jenny Curran You don t wanna marry me?", "Forrest Gump Why don t you love me, Jenny?", "Forrest Gump I m not the smart man. But I know what love is.", "Forrest Gump I m not the smart man. But I know what love is?", "Walt Disney Where did she come from?", "P.L. Travers Mary Poppins and the Banks, their family to me", "P.L. Travers Mary Poppins and the Banks, their family to me .", "P.L. Travers Mary Poppins and the Banks, they re family to me .", "Walt Disney Mary Poppins was a real person? So it s not the children she comes to save. It s their father. It s your father.", "Walt Disney You know you haven t been to Disneyland and it s the happiest place on earth", "Walt Disney You know you haven t been to Disneyland and it s the happiest place on earth.", "P.L. Travers No no no please.", "P.L. Travers No, no, no please.", "Walt Disney Well when does anyone get to go to Disneyland with Walt Disney himself?", "Walt Disney Mrs. Travers what am I missing here? I m, wondering what I have to do to make you happy.", "Walt Disney Mrs. Travers what am I missing here? I m wondering what I have to do to make you happy.", "P.L. Travers I won t let her turn into one of your cartoons", "P.L. Travers I won t let her turn into one of your cartoons.", "Walt Disney Says the woman who sent a flying nanny with a talking umbrella to save the children", "Walt Disney Says the woman who sent a flying nanny with a talking umbrella to save the children.", "P.L. Travers You think Mary Poppins has come to save the children.... My Dear", "P.L. Travers You think Mary Poppins has come to save the children.", "Walt Disney Dame.", "Walt Disney Damn.", "Walt Disney 20 years ago I made a promise to my daughters that I would make your Mary Poppins fly off the pages of your books. I promise you mame.", "Walt Disney Twenty years ago, I made a promise to my daughters that I would make your Mary Poppins fly off the pages of your books. I promise you m am.", "Walt Disney Twenty years ago, I made a promise to my daughters that I would make your Mary Poppins fly off the pages of your books. I promise you ma am.", "Walt Disney Well you can t imagine how excited I am to finally meet you.", "P.L. Travers Would you mind my name is Mrs. Travers, Mr. Disney", "P.L. Travers Would you mind my name is Mrs. Travers, Mr. Disney.", "Walt Disney Walt now you gotta call me Walt", "Walt Disney Walt now you gotta call me Walt.", "Walt Disney It s not every day you get to go to Disneyland with Walt Disney himself", "Walt Disney It s not every day you get to go to Disneyland with Walt Disney himself.", "Walt Disney The boys have come up with an idea! I think it s gonna make you happy!", "P.L. Travers You didn t bring me all the way here to tell me that?", "Walt Disney Oh, no. I had a wager I couldn t get you on a ride. I just won twenty bucks!", "Forrest Gump What are you watchin ?", "Forrest Junior Bert and Ernie.", "Jenny Curran Do you think I could fly off this bridge, Forrest?", "Forrest Gump What do you mean, Jenny?", "Jenny Curran Nothin .", "Forrest Gump He should not be hittin you, Jenny.", "Lt. Dan Taylor Have you found Jesus yet, Gump?", "Forrest Gump I didn t know that we were supposed to be lookin for him, sir.", "Lt. Dan Taylor Forrest, I never thanked you for savin my life.", "Forrest Gump He never actually said so, but I think he made his peace with God.", "Forrest Gump Hello. My name is Forrest... Forrest Gump.", "Forrest Gump Hello. My name is Forrest. Forrest Gump.", "Jimmy Dugan Shit, Dottie, if you want to go back to Oregon and make a hundred babies, great, I m in no position to tell anyone how to live. But sneaking out like this, quitting, you ll regret it for the rest of your life. Baseball is what gets inside you. It s what lights you up, you can t deny that.", "Dottie Hinson It just got too hard.", "Jimmy Dugan It s supposed to be hard. If it wasn t hard, everyone would do it. The hard... is what makes it great.", "Jimmy Dugan It s supposed to be hard. If it wasn t hard, everyone would do it. The hard is what makes it great.", "Jimmy Dugan There s no crying in baseball!", "Jim Lovell Houston, we have a problem.", "Paul Edgecomb I ve done some things in my life I m not proud of, but this is the first time I ve ever felt in real danger of hell.", "Paul Edgecomb I just can t see God putting a gift like that in the hands of a man who would kill a child.", "Vittoria Vetra Are you really a symbologist or it was a joke?", "Robert Langdon Er... both.", "Inspector Olivetti Are you anti-catholic, Professor Langdon?", "Robert Langdon What?, No. I m anti-vandalism.", "Joe Banks I have no interest in myself. When I think about myself, I get bored out of my mind.", "Frank Abagnale Jr. Leave me alone", "Frank Abagnale Jr. Leave me alone.", "Carl Hanratty I can t, It s my job", "Carl Hanratty I can t, It s my job.", "Carl Hanratty You walk out of that door, they are going to kill you", "Carl Hanratty You walk out of that door, they are going to kill you.", "Carl Hanratty You have no one else to call", "Carl Hanratty You have no one else to call.", "Carl Hanratty Tell me Frank How did you cheat in the bar exam?", "Frank Abagnale Jr. I didn t cheat, I studied for two weeks and I passed", "Frank Abagnale Jr. I didn t cheat, I studied for two weeks and I passed.", "Goldthwait Higginson Dorr And what, to flog a horse, that if not dead is at this point in mortal danger of expiring, does this little square represent?", "Paul Edgecomb John... I have to ask you something very important now.", "John Coffey I know what you gonna say. You don t have to say it.", "Paul Edgecomb No, I do. I do. I have to say it. John... tell me what you want me to do. You want me to take you out of here? Just let you run away? See how far you could get?", "John Coffey Why would you do such a foolish thing?", "Paul Edgecomb On the day of my judgement... when I stand before God... and he asks me why did I... did I kill one of his true... miracles... what am I going to say? That it was my job? It s my job.", "John Coffey You tell God the Father it was a kindness you done. I know you re hurting and worrying. I can feel it on you. But you ought to quit on it now. I want it to be over and done with. I do. I m tired, boss. Tired of being on the road, lonely as a sparrow in the rain. I m tired of never having me a buddy to be with... to tell me where we s going to, coming from, or why. Mostly, I m tired of people being ugly to each other. I m tired of all the pain I feel and hear in the world... every day. There s too much of it. It s like pieces of glass in my head... all the time. Can you understand?", "Paul Edgecomb Yes, John, I think I can.", "Jim Lovell Gentlemen, it s been a privilege flying with you.", "Cpl. Upham So where you from, Captain? What did you do before the war?", "Capt. John Miller What s the pool up to?", "Cpl. Upham I think it s at 300.", "Capt. John Miller I ll tell you what. When it gets to 500 then I ll tell you and we ll split it.", "Cpl. Upham Well in that case, sir, as someone under your command, I would ask that we wait until it gets up 1000.", "Capt. John Miller What if we don t live that long?", "Cpl. Upham ...500?", "Capt. John Miller 500.", "Conductor Seeing is believing, but sometimes the most real things in the world are the things we can t see.", "News & Interviews for Tom Hanks", "Everything We Know About Toy Story 4", "Rank Tom Hanks\u2019 10 Best Movies", "5 Highlights of the 2018 Golden Globes, Including Time\u2019s Up, Oprah for President, and More", "Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle Easter Eggs & Fun Facts", "Video: Steven Spielberg Explains Why He Doesn\u2019t Do Rehearsals", "New York Film Critics Online Awards: Mudbound and The Florida Project Tied For Best Picture of 2017", "How the Most Expensive TV Shows Ever Scored on the Tomatometer", "Why Joe Dante\u2019s The \u2018Burbs Is As Relevant Today As It Was In 1989" ] }, { "url": "https://www.listchallenges.com/complete-list-of-tom-hanks-movies", "title": "Complete List of Tom Hanks Movies", "content": [ "Complete List of Tom Hanks Movies", "A complete list of films Tom Hanks has either appeared in or has helped produce, please select the ones you have seen. (Updated October 2019.)", "made by Stacey.mcculloch91", "Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon (2005)" ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Hanks", "title": "Tom Hanks Wikipedia", "content": [ "Tom Hanks", "Thomas Jeffrey Hanks (born July 9, 1956) is an American actor and filmmaker. Hanks is known for his comedic and dramatic roles in such films as \"Splash\" (1984), \"Big\" (1988), \"Turner & Hooch\" (1989), \"A League of Their Own\" (1992), \"Sleepless in Seattle\" (1993), \"Apollo 13\" (1995), \"Saving Private Ryan\" (1998), \"You've Got Mail\" (1998), \"The Green Mile\" (1999), \"Cast Away\" (2000), \"Road to Perdition\" (2002), \"The Polar Express\" (2004), \"Larry Crowne\" (2011), \"Cloud Atlas\" (2012), \"Captain Phillips\" (2013), \"Saving Mr. Banks\" (2013), and \"Sully\" (2016). He starred in the \"Robert Langdon\" film series, and voices Sheriff Woody in the \"Toy Story\" film series.", "Hanks' films have grossed more than $4.5 billion at U.S. and Canadian box offices and more than $9.0 billion worldwide, making him the third highest-grossing actor in North America. Hanks has been nominated for numerous awards during his career. He won a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in \"Philadelphia\" (1993), as well as a Golden Globe, an Academy Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and a People's Choice Award for Best Actor for \"Forrest Gump\" (1994). In 1995, Hanks became one of only two actors who won the Academy Award for Best Actor in consecutive years, with Spencer Tracy being the other. This feat has not been accomplished since. In 2004, he received the Stanley Kubrick Britannia Award for Excellence in Film from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA). In 2014, he received a Kennedy Center Honor and, in 2016, he received a Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama, as well as the French Legion of Honor.", "Hanks collaborated with film director Steven Spielberg on the films \"Saving Private Ryan\" (1998), \"Catch Me If You Can\" (2002), \"The Terminal\" (2004), \"Bridge of Spies\" (2015), and \"The Post\" (2017), as well as the 2001 miniseries \"Band of Brothers\", which launched Hanks as a successful director, producer, and screenwriter. In 2010, Spielberg and Hanks were executive producers on the HBO miniseries \"The Pacific\".", "Thomas Jeffrey Hanks was born in Concord, California on July 9, 1956, the son of hospital worker Janet Marylyn (\"n\u00e9e\" Frager; died 2016) and itinerant cook Amos Mefford Hanks. His mother was of Portuguese descent (her family's surname was originally \"Fraga\"), while his father had English ancestry. Hanks is a third cousin four times removed of President Abraham Lincoln through Lincoln's mother, Nancy Hanks Lincoln. His parents divorced in 1960. Their three oldest children, Sandra (later Sandra Hanks Benoiton, a writer), Larry (an entomology professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign), and Tom, went with their father, while the youngest, Jim (who also became an actor and filmmaker), remained with their mother in Red Bluff, California. In his childhood, Hanks' family moved often; by the age of 10, he had lived in 10 different houses.", "While Hanks' family religious history was Catholic and Mormon, he has characterized his teenage self as being a \"Bible-toting evangelical\" for several years. In school, he was unpopular with students and teachers alike, later telling \"Rolling Stone\" magazine, \"I was a geek, a spaz. I was horribly, painfully, terribly shy. At the same time, I was the guy who'd yell out funny captions during filmstrips. But I didn't get into trouble. I was always a real good kid and pretty responsible.\" In 1965, his father married Frances Wong, a San Francisco native of Chinese descent. Frances had three children, two of whom lived with Hanks during his high school years. Hanks acted in school plays, including \"South Pacific\", while attending Skyline High School in Oakland, California.", "Hanks studied theater at Chabot College in Hayward, California, and transferred to California State University, Sacramento, two years later. During a 2001 interview with Bob Costas, Hanks was asked whether he would rather have an Oscar or a Heisman Trophy. He replied he would rather win a Heisman by playing halfback for the California Golden Bears. He told \"New York\" magazine in 1986, \"Acting classes looked like the best place for a guy who liked to make a lot of noise and be rather flamboyant. I spent a lot of time going to plays. I wouldn't take dates with me. I'd just drive to a theater, buy myself a ticket, sit in the seat and read the program, and then get into the play completely. I spent a lot of time like that, seeing Brecht, Tennessee Williams, Ibsen, and all that.\"", "During his years studying theater, Hanks met Vincent Dowling, head of the Great Lakes Theater Festival in Cleveland, Ohio. At Dowling's suggestion, Hanks became an intern at the festival. His internship stretched into a three-year experience that covered most aspects of theater production, including lighting, set design, and stage management, prompting Hanks to drop out of college. During the same time, Hanks won the Cleveland Critics Circle Award for Best Actor for his 1978 performance as Proteus in Shakespeare's \"The Two Gentlemen of Verona\", one of the few times he played a villain. \"Time\" magazine named Hanks one of the \"Top 10 College Dropouts.\"", "In 1979, Hanks moved to New York City, where he made his film debut in the low-budget slasher film \"He Knows You're Alone\" (1980) and landed a starring role in the television movie \"Mazes and Monsters\". Early that year, he was cast in the lead, Callimaco, in the Riverside Shakespeare Company's production of Niccol\u00f2 Machiavelli's \"The Mandrake\", directed by Daniel Southern. The following year, Hanks landed one of the lead roles, that of character Kip Wilson, on the ABC television pilot of \"Bosom Buddies\". He and Peter Scolari played a pair of young advertising men forced to dress as women so they could live in an inexpensive all-female hotel. Hanks had previously partnered with Scolari on the 1970s game show \"Make Me Laugh\". After landing the role, Hanks moved to Los Angeles. \"Bosom Buddies\" ran for two seasons, and, although the ratings were never strong, television critics gave the program high marks. \"The first day I saw him on the set,\" co-producer Ian Praiser told \"Rolling Stone\", \"I thought, 'Too bad he won't be in television for long.' I knew he'd be a movie star in two years.\" However, although Praiser knew it, he was not able to convince Hanks. \"The television show had come out of nowhere,\" Hanks' best friend Tom Lizzio told \"Rolling Stone\".", "\"Bosom Buddies\" and a guest appearance on a 1982 episode of \"Happy Days\" (\"A Case of Revenge,\" in which he played a disgruntled former classmate of Fonzie) prompted director Ron Howard to contact Hanks. Howard was working on the film \"Splash\" (1984), a romantic comedy fantasy about a mermaid who falls in love with a human. At first, Howard considered Hanks for the role of the main character's wisecracking brother, a role that eventually went to John Candy. Instead, Hanks landed the lead role in \"Splash\", which went on to become a surprise box office hit, grossing more than US$69\u00a0million. He also had a sizable hit with the sex comedy \"Bachelor Party\", also in 1984. In 1983\u201384, Hanks made three guest appearances on \"Family Ties\" as Elyse Keaton's alcoholic brother, Ned Donnelly.", "With \"Nothing in Common\" (1986)\u00a0\u2013 a story of a young man alienated from his father (played by Jackie Gleason)\u00a0\u2013 Hanks began to extend himself from comedic roles to dramatic roles. In an interview with \"Rolling Stone\" magazine, Hanks commented on his experience: \"It changed my desires about working in movies. Part of it was the nature of the material, what we were trying to say. But besides that, it focused on people's relationships. The story was about a guy and his father, unlike, say, \"The Money Pit\", where the story is really about a guy and his house.\"", "After a few more flops and a moderate success with the comedy \"Dragnet\", Hanks' stature in the film industry rose. The broad success of the fantasy comedy \"Big\" (1988) established Hanks as a major Hollywood talent, both as a box office draw and within the industry as an actor. For his performance in the film, Hanks earned his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor. \"Big\" was followed later that year by \"Punchline\", in which he and Sally Field co-starred as struggling comedians.", "Hanks then suffered a run of box-office underperformers: \"The 'Burbs\" (1989), \"Joe Versus the Volcano\" (1990), and \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" (1990). In the last, he portrayed a greedy Wall Street figure who gets enmeshed in a hit-and-run accident. 1989's \"Turner & Hooch\" was Hanks' only financially successful film of the period.", "Hanks climbed back to the top again with his portrayal of a washed-up baseball legend turned manager in \"A League of Their Own\" (1992). Hanks has stated that his acting in earlier roles was not great, but that he subsequently improved. In an interview with \"Vanity Fair\", Hanks noted his \"\"modern era of moviemaking\u00a0... because enough self-discovery has gone on\u00a0... My work has become less pretentiously fake and over the top\"\". This \"modern era\" began in 1993 for Hanks, first with \"Sleepless in Seattle\" and then with \"Philadelphia\". The former was a blockbuster success about a widower who finds true love over the radio airwaves. Richard Schickel of \"TIME\" called his performance \"charming,\" and most critics agreed that Hanks' portrayal ensured him a place among the premier romantic-comedy stars of his generation.", "In \"Philadelphia\", he played a gay lawyer with AIDS who sues his firm for discrimination. Hanks lost 35 pounds and thinned his hair in order to appear sickly for the role. In a review for \"People\", Leah Rozen stated, \"Above all, credit for \"Philadelphia\"s success belongs to Hanks, who makes sure that he plays a character, not a saint. He is flat-out terrific, giving a deeply felt, carefully nuanced performance that deserves an Oscar.\" Hanks won the 1993 Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in \"Philadelphia\". During his acceptance speech, he revealed that his high school drama teacher Rawley Farnsworth and former classmate John Gilkerson, two people with whom he was close, were gay.", "Hanks followed \"Philadelphia\" with the 1994 hit \"Forrest Gump\" which grossed a worldwide total of over $600 million at the box office. Hanks remarked: \"When I read the script for \"Gump\", I saw it as one of those kind of grand, hopeful movies that the audience can go to and feel\u00a0... some hope for their lot and their position in life\u00a0... I got that from the movies a hundred million times when I was a kid. I still do.\" Hanks won his second Best Actor Academy Award for his role in \"Forrest Gump\", becoming only the second actor to have accomplished the feat of winning consecutive Best Actor Oscars. (Spencer Tracy was the first, winning in 1937\u201338. Hanks and Tracy were the same age at the time they received their Academy Awards: 37 for the first and 38 for the second.)", "Hanks' next role\u2014astronaut and commander Jim Lovell, in the 1995 film \"Apollo 13\"\u2014reunited him with Ron Howard. Critics generally applauded the film and the performances of the entire cast, which included actors Kevin Bacon, Bill Paxton, Gary Sinise, Ed Harris, and Kathleen Quinlan. The movie also earned nine Academy Award nominations, winning two. Later that year, Hanks starred in Disney/Pixar's CGI-animated hit film \"Toy Story\", as the voice of Sheriff Woody.", "Hanks made his directing debut with his 1996 film \"That Thing You Do!\" about a 1960s pop group, also playing the role of a music producer. Hanks and producer Gary Goetzman went on to create Playtone, a record and film production company named after the record company in the film.", "Hanks then executive produced, co-wrote, and co-directed the HBO docudrama \"From the Earth to the Moon\". The 12-part series chronicled the space program from its inception, through the familiar flights of Neil Armstrong and Jim Lovell, to the personal feelings surrounding the reality of moon landings. The Emmy Award-winning project was, at US$68\u00a0million, one of the most expensive ventures undertaken for television.", "In 1998, Hanks' next project was no less expensive. For \"Saving Private Ryan\", he teamed up with Steven Spielberg to make a film about a search through war-torn France after D-Day to bring back a soldier. It earned the praise and respect of the film community, critics, and the general public. It was labeled one of the finest war films ever made and earned Spielberg his second Academy Award for direction, and Hanks another Best Actor nomination. Later that year, Hanks re-teamed with his \"Sleepless in Seattle\" co-star Meg Ryan for \"You've Got Mail\", a remake of 1940's \"The Shop Around the Corner\". In 1999, Hanks starred in an adaptation of the Stephen King novel \"The Green Mile\". He also returned as the voice of Woody in \"Toy Story 2\", the sequel to \"Toy Story\". The following year, he won a Golden Globe for Best Actor and an Academy Award nomination for his portrayal of a marooned FedEx systems analyst in Robert Zemeckis's \"Cast Away\".", "In 2001, Hanks helped direct and produce the Emmy-Award-winning HBO miniseries \"Band of Brothers\". He also appeared in the September 11 television special \"\" and the documentary \"Rescued From the Closet\". He then teamed up with \"American Beauty\" director Sam Mendes for the adaptation of Max Allan Collins's and Richard Piers Rayner's graphic novel \"Road to Perdition\", in which he played an anti-hero role as a hitman on the run with his son. That same year, Hanks collaborated once again with director Spielberg, starring opposite Leonardo DiCaprio in the hit biographical crime drama \"Catch Me If You Can\", based on the true story of Frank Abagnale, Jr. The same year, Hanks and his wife Rita Wilson produced the hit movie \"My Big Fat Greek Wedding\". In August 2007, he along with co-producers Rita Wilson and Gary Goetzman, and writer and star Nia Vardalos, initiated a legal action against the production company Gold Circle Films for their share of profits from the movie. At the age of 45, Hanks became the youngest-ever recipient of the American Film Institute's Life Achievement Award on June 12, 2002.", "In 2004, he appeared in three films: The Coen brothers' \"The Ladykillers\", another Spielberg film, \"The Terminal\", and \"The Polar Express\", a family film from Zemeckis for which Hanks played multiple motion capture roles. In a \"USA Weekend\" interview, Hanks discussed how he chooses projects: \"[Since] \"A League of Their Own\", it can't be just another movie for me. It has to get me going somehow\u00a0... There has to be some all-encompassing desire or feeling about wanting to do that particular movie. I'd like to assume that I'm willing to go down any avenue in order to do it right\". In August 2005, Hanks was voted in as vice president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.", "Hanks next starred in the highly anticipated film \"The Da Vinci Code\", based on the best-selling novel by Dan Brown. The film was released May 19, 2006, in the U.S. and grossed over US$750\u00a0million worldwide. He followed the film with Ken Burns's 2007 documentary \"The War\". For the documentary, Hanks did voice work, reading excerpts from World War II-era columns by Al McIntosh. In 2006, Hanks topped a 1,500-strong list of \"most trusted celebrities\" compiled by \"Forbes\" magazine.", "Hanks next appeared in a cameo role as himself in \"The Simpsons Movie\", in which he appeared in an advertisement claiming that the U.S. government has lost its credibility and is hence buying some of his. He also made an appearance in the credits, expressing a desire to be left alone when he is out in public. Later in 2006, Hanks produced the British film \"Starter for Ten\", a comedy based on working-class students attempting to win on \"University Challenge\".", "In 2007, Hanks starred in Mike Nichols's film \"Charlie Wilson's War\" (written by screenwriter Aaron Sorkin) in which he played Democratic Texas Congressman Charles Wilson. The film opened on December 21, 2007, and Hanks received a Golden Globe nomination. In the comedy-drama film \"The Great Buck Howard\" (2008), Hanks played the on-screen father of a young man (played by Hanks' real-life son, Colin) who chooses to work as road manager for a fading mentalist (John Malkovich). His character was less than thrilled about his son's career decision. In the same year, he executive produced the musical comedy, \"Mamma Mia\" and the miniseries, \"John Adams\".", "Hanks' next endeavor, released on May 15, 2009, was a film adaptation of \"Angels & Demons\", based on the novel of the same name by Dan Brown. Its April 11, 2007, announcement revealed that Hanks would reprise his role as Robert Langdon, and that he would reportedly receive the highest salary ever for an actor. The following day he made his 10th appearance on NBC's \"Saturday Night Live\", impersonating himself for the \"Celebrity Jeopardy\" sketch. Hanks produced the Spike Jonze film \"Where The Wild Things Are\", based on the children's book by Maurice Sendak in 2009.", "In 2010, Hanks reprised his voice role of Woody in \"Toy Story 3\", after he, Tim Allen, and John Ratzenberger were invited to a movie theater to see a complete story reel of the movie. The film went on to become the first animated film to gross a worldwide total of over $1 billion as well as the highest-grossing animated film at the time. He also was executive producer of the miniseries, \"The Pacific\".", "In 2011, he directed and starred opposite Julia Roberts in the title role in the romantic comedy \"Larry Crowne\". The movie received poor reviews, with only 35% of the 175 Rotten Tomatoes reviews giving it high ratings. Also in 2011, he starred in the drama film \"Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close\". In 2012, he voiced the character Cleveland Carr for a web series he created titled \"Electric City\". He also starred in the Wachowskis-directed film adaptation of the novel of the same name, \"Cloud Atlas\" and was executive producer of the miniseries \"Game Change\".", "In 2013, Hanks starred in two critically acclaimed films\u2014\"Captain Phillips \"and\" Saving Mr. Banks\u2014\"which each earned him praise, including nominations for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor\u00a0\u2013 Motion Picture Drama for the former role. In \"Captain Phillips\", he starred as Captain Richard Phillips with Barkhad Abdi, which was based on the Maersk Alabama hijacking. In \"Saving Mr. Banks\", co-starring Emma Thompson and directed by John Lee Hancock, he played Walt Disney, being the first actor to portray Disney in a mainstream film. That same year, Hanks made his Broadway debut, starring in Nora Ephron's \"Lucky Guy\", for which he was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play.", "In 2014, Hanks' short story \"Alan Bean Plus Four\" was published in the October 27 issue of \"The New Yorker\". Revolving around four friends who make a voyage to the moon, the short story is titled after the Apollo 12 astronaut Alan Bean. \"Slate\" magazine's Katy Waldman found Hanks' first published short story \"mediocre\", writing that \"Hanks' shopworn ideas about technology might have yet sung if they hadn't been wrapped in too-clever lit mag-ese\". In an interview with \"The New Yorker\", Hanks said he has always been fascinated by space. He told the magazine that he built plastic models of rockets when he was a child and watched live broadcasts of space missions back in the 1960s.", "In March 2015, Hanks appeared in the Carly Rae Jepsen music video for \"I Really Like You\", lip-syncing most of the song's lyrics as he goes through his daily routine. His next film was the Steven Spielberg-directed historical drama \"Bridge of Spies\", in which he played lawyer James B. Donovan who negotiated for the release of pilot Francis Gary Powers by the Soviet Union in exchange for KGB spy Rudolf Abel. It was released in October 2015 to a positive reception. In April 2016, Hanks starred as Alan Clay in the comedy-drama \"A Hologram for the King\", an adaptation of the 2012 novel of the same name.", "Hanks starred as airline captain Chesley Sullenberger in Clint Eastwood's \"Sully\", which was released in September 2016. He next reprised his role as Robert Langdon in \"Inferno\" (2016), and co-starred alongside Emma Watson in the 2017 science fiction drama \"The Circle\". He voiced David S. Pumpkins in \"The David S. Pumpkins Animated Halloween Special\", which aired October 28, 2017, on NBC, a character he had portrayed in episodes of \"Saturday Night Live\".", "Hanks supports same-sex marriage, environmental causes, and alternative fuels. He has donated to many Democratic politicians, and during the 2008 United States presidential election uploaded a video to his MySpace account endorsing Barack Obama. He also narrated a 2012 documentary, \"The Road We've Traveled,\" created by Obama for America. In 2016, Hanks endorsed Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election.", "Hanks was outspoken about his opposition to the 2008 Proposition 8, an amendment to the California constitution that defined marriage as a union only between a man and a woman. Hanks and others raised over US$44\u00a0million to campaign against the proposition, in contrast to the supporters' $39\u00a0million, but Proposition 8 passed with 52% of the vote. It was overruled in June 2013, when the Ninth Circuit lifted its stay of the district court's ruling, enabling Governor Jerry Brown to order same-sex marriage officiations to resume. While premiering a TV series in January 2009, Hanks called supporters of Proposition 8 \"un-American\" and criticized the LDS Church members, who were major proponents of the bill, for their views on marriage and role in supporting the bill. About a week later, he apologized for the remark, saying that nothing is more American than voting one's conscience.", "A proponent of environmentalism, Hanks is an investor in electric vehicles and owns a Toyota RAV4 EV and the first production AC Propulsion eBox. He was a lessee of an EV1 before it was recalled, as chronicled in the documentary \"Who Killed the Electric Car?\" He was on the waiting list for an Aptera 2 Series.", "Hanks serves as campaign chair of the Hidden Heroes Campaign of the Elizabeth Dole Foundation. The stated mission of the campaign is to inspire a national movement to more effectively support military and veteran caregivers.", "A supporter of NASA's manned space program, Hanks said he originally wanted to be an astronaut. Hanks is a member of the National Space Society, serving on the Board of governors of the nonprofit educational space advocacy organization founded by Dr. Wernher von Braun. He also produced the HBO miniseries \"From the Earth to the Moon\" about the Apollo program to send astronauts to the moon. In addition, Hanks co-wrote and co-produced \"\", an IMAX film about the moon landings. Hanks provided the voice-over for the premiere of the show \"Passport to the Universe\" at the Rose Center for Earth and Space in the Hayden Planetarium at the American Museum of Natural History in New York.", "In 2006, the Space Foundation awarded Hanks the Douglas S. Morrow Public Outreach Award, given annually to an individual or organization that has made significant contributions to public awareness of space programs.", "In June 2006, Hanks was inducted as an honorary member of the United States Army Rangers Hall of Fame for his accurate portrayal of a captain in the movie \"Saving Private Ryan\"; Hanks, who was unable to attend the induction ceremony, was the first actor to receive such an honor. In addition to his role in \"Saving Private Ryan\", Hanks was cited for serving as the national spokesperson for the World War II Memorial Campaign, for being the honorary chairperson of the D-Day Museum Capital Campaign, and for his role in writing and helping to produce the Emmy Award\u2013winning miniseries, \"Band of Brothers\". On March 10, 2008, Hanks was on hand at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame to induct The Dave Clark Five.", "Hanks is a collector of manual typewriters and uses them almost daily. In August 2014, Hanks released Hanx Writer, an iOS app meant to emulate the experience of using a typewriter; within days the free app reached number one on the App Store.", "In November 2014, Hanks said he would publish a collection of short stories inspired by his typewriter collection. The book, \"Uncommon Type\", was published in 2017.", "Hanks is perceived to be amiable and congenial to his fans. He has frequently been referred to as \"America's Dad\". In 2013, when he was starring in Nora Ephron's \"Lucky Guy\" on Broadway, he had crowds of 300 fans waiting for a glimpse of him after every performance. This is the highest number of expectant fans post-show of any Broadway performance.", "Hanks is ranked as the third highest all-time box office star in North America, with a total gross of over $4.5\u00a0billion at the North American box office, an average of $100.8\u00a0million per film. Worldwide, his films have grossed over $9.0\u00a0billion.", "Asteroid is named after him.", "Hanks was married to American actress Samantha Lewes from 1978. They had one son, actor Colin Hanks (born 1977), and one daughter, Elizabeth Hanks (born 1982).", "In 1981, Hanks met actress Rita Wilson on the set of TV comedy \"Bosom Buddies\" (1980-1982). They were reunited in 1985 on the set of \"Volunteers\".", "Hanks and Samantha Lewes divorced in 1987.", "In 1988, Hanks married actress Rita Wilson. They have two sons. The oldest, Chester Marlon \"Chet\" Hanks, had a minor role as a student in \"Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull\" and released a rap song in 2011. Their youngest, Truman Theodore, was born in 1995.", "Before marrying Wilson, Hanks converted to the Greek Orthodox Church, the religion of Wilson and her family. He said, \"I must say that when I go to church\u2014and I do go to church\u2014I ponder the mystery. I meditate on the 'why?' of 'why people are as they are' and 'why bad things happen to good people,' and 'why good things happen to bad people'\u00a0... The mystery is what I think is, almost, the grand unifying theory of all mankind.\"", "On October 7, 2013, on \"The Late Show with David Letterman\", Hanks announced that he has Type 2 diabetes." ] } ], "selected_contents": [ [ false ], [ true, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ] ] }, "timestamp": 1616077671 }, { "action": "Apprentice => Wizard", "text": "You know I don't think I've watched that one yet. I've seen trailers but it's hard to believe there aren't household movies that have won oscars. How many total oscars foes he have?", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077724 }, { "action": "Wizard => SearchAgent", "text": "Tom hank oscars", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077746 }, { "action": "SearchAgent => Wizard", "text": "", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000158/", "title": "Tom Hanks IMDb", "content": [ "Producer | Actor | Soundtrack", "Thomas Jeffrey Hanks was born in Concord, California, to Janet Marylyn (Frager), a hospital worker, and Amos Mefford Hanks, an itinerant cook. His mother s family, originally surnamed Fraga , was entirely Portuguese, while his father was of mostly English ancestry. Tom grew up in what he has called a fractured family. He moved around a great ... See full bio \u00bb", "July 9, 1956 in Concord, California, USA", "Forrest Gump Star Gary Sinise Receives a Tear-Jerking Tribute For His Military Charity Work", "This Is Us: Susan Kelechi Watson on How Beth Is Finding Her Identity Apart From Randall", "Lego\u2019s new Toy Story 4 tie-in sets unveiled", "Sun, Feb 17 12:30 AM EST on AMC (277)", "Agent Zigzag", "A Wilderness of Monkeys", "Untitled Battle of the Sexes Project", "Untitled Barry Manilow Project", "Editors Picks: Our Favorites From the Week of Nov. 11", "10 Paul Newman Facts You May Not Know", "Top 25 Best Performances By A Leading Man", "Talented & Hardworking Artists", "How much of Tom Hanks s work have you seen?", "Clich\u00e9s in Romantic Movies", "Highest grossing movie-stars - where it all began", "Not Every Tom, Dick And Harry Can Act", "If it Weren t Bryan Cranston, Who Else Could Best Pull Off the Role of Walter White?", "Which male gave the greatest performance in a Mike Nichols film?", "Cast Away Producer", "Saving Private Ryan Captain Miller", "Big Josh", "Jump to: Producer | Actor | Soundtrack | Writer | Director | Thanks | Self | Archive footage", "Lewis and Clark (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 6 episodes) (announced)", "A Man Called Ove (producer) (announced)", "Beautiful (producer) (announced)", "2020 No Better Place to Die (executive producer) (announced)", "2019 Greyhound (producer) (post-production)", "2018 The 2000s (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 7 episodes)", "- I Want My MP3 (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- Yes We Can (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- The Financial Crisis (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- The i Decade (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- Quagmire: Bush s Second Term (2018) ... (executive producer)", "2018 Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again (executive producer)", "2018 1968: The Year That Changed America (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 4 episodes)", "- Part Four: Fall (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- Part Three: Summer (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- Part Two: Spring (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- Part One: Winter (2018) ... (executive producer)", "2017 Mark Felt: The Man Who Brought Down the White House (producer)", "2017 The Nineties (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 7 episodes)", "- Isn t It Ironic (2017) ... (executive producer)", "- The Information Age (2017) ... (executive producer)", "- Terrorism Hits Home (2017) ... (executive producer)", "- New World Order (2017) ... (executive producer)", "- Can We All Get Along? (2017) ... (executive producer)", "2017 The 2017 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony (TV Movie) (executive producer)", "2016 The Eighties (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 7 episodes)", "- The Tech Boom (2016) ... (executive producer)", "- The Fight Against AIDS (2016) ... (executive producer)", "- Video Killed the Radio Star (2016) ... (executive producer)", "- Greed Is Good (2016) ... (executive producer)", "- Tear Down This Wall (2016) ... (executive producer)", "2016 My Big Fat Greek Wedding 2 (producer)", "2015 Ithaca (executive producer)", "2015 The Seventies (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 8 episodes)", "- What s Goin On (2015) ... (executive producer)", "- Terror at Home and Abroad (2015) ... (executive producer)", "- Battle of the Sexes (2015) ... (executive producer)", "- The State of the Union Is Not Good (2015) ... (executive producer)", "- Crimes & Cults (2015) ... (executive producer)", "2014 The Concert for Valor (TV Special) (executive producer)", "2014 Olive Kitteridge (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 4 episodes)", "- Security (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- A Different Road (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- Incoming Tide (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- Pharmacy (2014) ... (executive producer)", "2014 The Sixties (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 10 episodes)", "- Sex, Drugs and Rock N Roll (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- The Times They Are A-Changin (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- 1968 (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- The Space Race (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- The British Invasion (2014) ... (executive producer)", "2013 The Assassination of President Kennedy (TV Movie documentary) (executive producer)", "2013 Parkland (producer)", "2013 The 2013 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony (TV Special) (executive producer)", "2012 Electric City (TV Series short) (producer)", "2012 Game Change (TV Movie) (executive producer)", "2011 He Has Seen War (Documentary) (executive producer)", "2011 Larry Crowne (producer)", "2011 The 3 Minute Talk Show (TV Series) (executive producer - 12 episodes)", "- Robin Williams (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Jimmy Fallon/Rico Rodriguez (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Wilmer Valderrama (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Nia Vardalos (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Lance Bass (2011) ... (executive producer)", "2006-2011 Big Love (TV Series) (executive producer - 51 episodes)", "- Where Men and Mountains Meet (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Exorcism (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- The Noose Tightens (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Til Death Do Us Part (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- D.I.V.O.R.C.E. (2011) ... (executive producer)", "2010 The Pacific (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 10 episodes)", "- Home (2010) ... (executive producer)", "- Okinawa (2010) ... (executive producer)", "- Iwo Jima (2010) ... (executive producer)", "- Peleliu Hills (2010) ... (executive producer)", "- Peleliu Airfield (2010) ... (executive producer)", "2009 The 25th Anniversary Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Concert (TV Special) (executive producer)", "2009 Beyond All Boundaries (Short) (executive producer)", "2009 Where the Wild Things Are (producer)", "2009 My Life in Ruins (executive producer)", "2008 City of Ember (producer)", "2008 Mamma Mia! (executive producer)", "2008 David McCullough: Painting with Words (TV Movie documentary) (producer)", "2008 John Adams (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 7 episodes)", "- Peacefield (2008) ... (executive producer)", "- Unnecessary War (2008) ... (executive producer)", "- Unite or Die (2008) ... (executive producer)", "- Reunion (2008) ... (executive producer)", "- Don t Tread on Me (2008) ... (executive producer)", "2008 The Great Buck Howard (producer)", "2007 Charlie Wilson s War (producer)", "2007 Evan Almighty (executive producer)", "2007 Big Love: In the Beginning (TV Series) (executive producer - 3 episodes)", "- Post-Partum (2007) ... (executive producer)", "- Moving Day (2007) ... (executive producer)", "- Meet the Babysitter (2007) ... (executive producer)", "2006 Starter for 10 (producer)", "2006 The Ant Bully (producer)", "2006 Neil Young: Heart of Gold (Documentary) (producer)", "2005 We re with the Band (TV Movie documentary) (producer)", "2005 Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon 3D (Documentary short) (producer)", "2004 The Polar Express (executive producer)", "2004 Connie and Carla (producer)", "2003 My Big Fat Greek Life (TV Series) (executive producer)", "2002 My Big Fat Greek Wedding (producer)", "2001 We Stand Alone Together (TV Movie documentary) (executive producer)", "2001 Band of Brothers (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 10 episodes)", "- Points (2001) ... (executive producer)", "- Why We Fight (2001) ... (executive producer)", "- The Last Patrol (2001) ... (executive producer)", "- The Breaking Point (2001) ... (executive producer)", "- Bastogne (2001) ... (executive producer)", "2000 West Point (TV Series) (executive producer - 2000)", "2000 Cast Away (producer)", "2000 American Experience (TV Series documentary) (producer - 1 episode)", "- Return with Honor (2000) ... (producer)", "1998 From the Earth to the Moon (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 12 episodes)", "- The Original Wives Club (1998) ... (executive producer)", "- Le voyage dans la lune (1998) ... (executive producer)", "- Galileo Was Right (1998) ... (executive producer)", "- For Miles and Miles (1998) ... (executive producer)", "- We Interrupt This Program (1998) ... (executive producer)", "A Man Called Ove (announced)", "2020 BIOS (pre-production)", "2019 A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood (post-production)", "2019 Toy Story 4 (post-production)", "2019 Greyhound (post-production)", "2017 The David S. Pumpkins Halloween Special (TV Short)", "2017/I The Circle", "2016/I Inferno", "2016 Sully", "Chesley Sully Sullenberger", "2016 Maya & Marty (TV Series)", "- Jimmy Fallon & Miley Cyrus (2016) ... Gene", "2016 A Hologram for the King", "Matthew Macauley", "2015 Bridge of Spies", "2015 Carly Rae Jepsen: I Really Like You (Video short)", "2014 Toy Story That Time Forgot (TV Short)", "2013 Saving Mr. Banks", "2013 Toy Story of Terror (TV Short)", "2013 Captain Phillips", "2012 Cloud Atlas", "Dr. Henry Goose / Hotel Manager / Isaac Sachs / ...", "2012 Electric City (TV Series short)", "- People Like a Good Show (2012) ... Cleveland Carr (voice)", "- No One Is Untraceable (2012) ... Cleveland Carr (voice)", "- Illumination Night (2012) ... Cleveland Carr (voice)", "- The Outside (2012) ... Cleveland Carr (voice)", "- Such Beauty from a Box (2012) ... Cleveland Carr (voice)", "2011 Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close", "Thomas Schell", "2011 Toy Story Toons: Small Fry (Short)", "- Leroy Petry (2011) ... James Lovell", "2011 Larry Crowne", "- 100: Part 2 (2011) ... Tom Hanks", "2010 The Pacific (TV Mini-Series)", "- Okinawa (2010) ... Narrator (voice, uncredited)", "- Peleliu Hills (2010) ... Narrator (voice, uncredited)", "- Peleliu Airfield (2010) ... Narrator (voice, uncredited)", "- Gloucester/Pavuvu/Banika (2010) ... Narrator (voice, uncredited)", "- Melbourne (2010) ... Narrator (voice, uncredited)", "2009 Beyond All Boundaries (Short)", "Emergency Button Guest / Provider of Sound Effects / Dr. Robert Langdon - Cookie Hunter", "- Episode #17.26 (2009) ... Emergency Button Guest", "- Episode #16.143 (2009) ... Provider of Sound Effects (uncredited)", "- Episode #16.141 (2009) ... Dr. Robert Langdon - Cookie Hunter (uncredited)", "2008 The Great Buck Howard", "Mr. Gable", "2007 Charlie Wilson s War", "2007 The Simpsons Movie", "Tom Hanks (voice)", "Woody Car (voice)", "2004 The Rutles 2: Can t Buy Me Lunch (TV Movie)", "Tom Hanks - Interviewee", "Hero Boy / Father / Conductor / ...", "2004 Elvis Has Left the Building", "Mailbox Elvis", "Viktor Navorski", "Professor G.H. Dorr", "Abraham Lincoln / Charles E. Wood / Jacob Coxey / ...", "- Whose Land Is This? (2003) ... Charles E. Wood", "- Working for Freedom (2003) ... Jacob Coxey", "- Wake Up America (2003) ... Reporter", "- Liberty for All (2003) ... Daniel Boone", "- Independence (2003) ... Paul Revere", "French Officer / British Officer", "- Why We Fight (2001) ... French Officer (uncredited)", "- Crossroads (2001) ... British Officer (uncredited)", "2000 Cast Away", "1999 The Green Mile", "1998 Saving Private Ryan", "1998 From the Earth to the Moon (TV Mini-Series)", "Jean-Luc Despont", "- Le voyage dans la lune (1998) ... Jean-Luc Despont", "1997 The Wonderful World of Disney (TV Series)", "- Toy Story (1997) ... Woody (voice)", "1996 That Thing You Do!", "1995/I Apollo 13", "1994 Vault of Horror I (TV Movie)", "1994 Forrest Gump", "1994 Bruce Springsteen: Streets of Philadelphia (Video short)", "Trouble Boy #1", "- I ll Be Waiting (1993) ... Trouble Boy #1", "1992 A League of Their Own", "Jimmy Dugan", "- None But the Lonely Heart (1992) ... Baxter", "1992 Radio Flyer", "Older Mike (uncredited)", "Sherman McCoy", "1990 Joe Versus the Volcano", "1989 Turner & Hooch", "1989 The Burbs", "1988 Punchline", "1987 Dragnet", "1986 Every Time We Say Goodbye", "1986 Nothing in Common", "David Basner", "1986 The Money Pit", "Walter Fielding", "Lawrence Bourne III", "1985 The Man with One Red Shoe", "1984 Bachelor Party", "Rick Gassko", "1983-1984 Family Ties (TV Series)", "Ned Donnelly", "- Say Uncle (1984) ... Ned Donnelly", "- The Fugitive: Part 2 (1983) ... Ned Donnelly", "1982 Mazes and Monsters (TV Movie)", "1982 Happy Days (TV Series)", "Dr. Dwayne Twitchell", "- A Little Case of Revenge (1982) ... Dr. Dwayne Twitchell", "1982 Taxi (TV Series)", "- The Road Not Taken: Part 1 (1982) ... Gordon", "1980-1982 Bosom Buddies (TV Series)", "Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- Not the Last Picture Show (1982) ... Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- Not with My Sister, You Pig (1982) ... Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- Who s on Thirst? (1982) ... Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- The Way Kip and Henry Were (1982) ... Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- Hildy s Dirt Nap (1982) ... Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- Sergeant Bull/Friends and Lovers/Miss Mother (1980) ... Rick Martin", "1980 He Knows You re Alone", "- Episode dated 26 October 2016 (2016) ... (performer: Big Rap - uncredited)", "2016 Lorraine (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode)", "2016 A Hologram for the King (performer: Once In A Lifetime )", "2015 The Late Late Show with James Corden (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode)", "- Tom Hanks/Mila Kunis (2015) ... (performer: You ve Got a Friend in Me - uncredited)", "2013 Saving Mr. Banks (performer: A Man Has Dreams )", "2011 30 Rock (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode)", "- 100: Part 2 (2011) ... (performer: My Life - uncredited)", "- Tom Hanks/Red Hot Chili Peppers (2006) ... (performer: Please Don t Cut My Testicles )", "2004 The Polar Express (performer: The Polar Express , Hot Chocolate )", "2002 Road to Perdition (performer: Perdition - Piano Duet (2002))", "2000 Cast Away (performer: Light My Fire )", "1999 Toy Story 2 (performer: You ve Got a Friend in Me )", "1996 That Thing You Do! (writer: Lovin You Lots and Lots , It s Not Far , La Se\u00f1ora De Dos Costas , Mr. Downtown , Voyage Around the Moon , Hold My Hand, Hold My Heart , Will You Marry Me? , Spartacus , Hollywood Showcase Theme )", "1990 Joe Versus the Volcano (performer: The Cowboy Song )", "1987 Dragnet (performer: City of Crime )", "1980-1982 Bosom Buddies (TV Series) (performer - 4 episodes)", "- The Way Kip and Henry Were (1982) ... (performer: Stay )", "- The Show Must Go On (1981) ... (performer: Breaking Up Is Hard to Do )", "- Loathe Thy Neighbor (1980) ... (performer: It s Not Unusual )", "- Pilot (1980) ... (performer: Macho Man )", "2019 Greyhound (screenplay) (post-production)", "2012 Electric City (TV Series short) (creator - 2 episodes)", "- The Voice of the City (2012) ... (creator)", "- Truth or Consequence (2012) ... (creator)", "2011 Larry Crowne (written by)", "2005 Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon 3D (Documentary short) (written by)", "2001 Band of Brothers (TV Mini-Series) (teleplay - 1 episode)", "- Currahee (2001) ... (teleplay)", "1998 From the Earth to the Moon (TV Mini-Series) (written by - 4 episodes)", "- The Original Wives Club (1998) ... (written by)", "- Le voyage dans la lune (1998) ... (written by)", "- That s All There Is (1998) ... (written by)", "- Mare Tranquilitatis (1998) ... (written by)", "1996 That Thing You Do! (written by)", "2001 Band of Brothers (TV Mini-Series) (1 episode)", "- Crossroads (2001)", "1998 From the Earth to the Moon (TV Mini-Series) (1 episode)", "- Can We Do This? (1998)", "1994 Vault of Horror I (TV Movie) (segment None but the lonely heart )", "1993 Fallen Angels (TV Series) (1 episode)", "- I ll Be Waiting (1993)", "1993 A League of Their Own (TV Series) (1 episode)", "- The Monkey s Curse (1993)", "1992 Tales from the Crypt (TV Series) (1 episode)", "- None But the Lonely Heart (1992)", "2018/I Generations (very special thanks)", "2018 Sweding: Boss in the gym (Short) (special thanks)", "2017 Name That Film (TV Series) (special thanks - 1 episode)", "- She Did It Right (2017) ... (special thanks)", "2014 Walking the Mile (Director s Cut) (Video documentary) (special thanks)", "2011 The Extraordinary Voyage (Documentary) (many thanks)", "2011 Corman s World: Exploits of a Hollywood Rebel (Documentary) (thanks)", "2010/I I m Still Here (special thanks)", "2010/II Morning (special thanks)", "2009 All the Presidents Movies: The Movie (Documentary) (thanks)", "2008 Surfer, Dude (very special thanks)", "2008 The Wackness (very special thanks)", "2007 Lose Weight with Cancer (Short) (very special thanks)", "2006 The Sci-Fi Boys (Documentary) (special thanks)", "2006 Who Killed the Electric Car? (Documentary) (special thanks)", "2004 The Polar Express (Video Game) (special thanks)", "2003 Concert for George (Video documentary) (special thanks)", "2002 Making a Splash (Video documentary short) (thanks)", "2001 The Making of Band of Brothers (TV Short documentary) (special thanks)", "2000 Walking the Mile (Video documentary short) (special thanks)", "1996 Lost Moon: The Triumph of Apollo 13 (Video documentary) (special thanks)", "1995 The Crypt Keeper Presents: A Spine-Tingling Look at Tales from the Crypt (Documentary short) (special thanks)", "- Tom Hanks (2019) ... Himself - Guest", "- If Visions of Sugarplums Last More Than Four Hours, Please Call Your Physician (2013) ... Himself - Guest", "- 50,000,000 Connie Selleca Fans Can t Be Wrong (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Murder, She Tweeted (2010) ... Himself - Guest", "2018 The Mayo Clinic, Faith, Hope and Science (TV Movie documentary)", "2018 Quincy (Documentary)", "2018 Beyond Boundaries: The Harvey Weinstein Scandal (Documentary)", "2018 The 2000s (TV Series documentary)", "- The i Decade (2018) ... Himself - Actor", "- The Platinum Age Of Television (2018) ... Himself - Actor", "Himself - Executive Producer / Himself - Plays Ben Bradlee / Himself - Guest", "- Episode dated 17 July 2018 (2018) ... Himself - Executive Producer", "- Episode dated 11 January 2018 (2018) ... Himself - Plays Ben Bradlee", "Himself / Robert Langdon", "- Part Four: Fall (2018) ... Himself - Actor", "- Part Two: Spring (2018) ... Himself - Actor", "- Part One: Winter (2018) ... Himself - Actor", "2018 The Post: Stop the Presses - Filming the Post (Documentary short)", "2018 The Post: The Style Section - Re-Creating an Era (Documentary short)", "2018 C \u00e0 vous (TV Series)", "- Tom Hanks/Maisie Williams/Anthony Joshua/First Aid Kit (2018) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Joseph Gordon-Levitt/Gemma Arterton/Mo Farah/Olly Murs (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Peter Capaldi/David Walliams/Duran Duran (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Nicole Scherzinger/Simon Pegg (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Meryl Streep (2018) ... Himself - Guest", "- Ellen s Season 14 Premiere Week: Day 4 (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Andrew McCutchen (2013) ... Himself - Guest", "- Jodie Foster/Tom Hanks (2017) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Katy Tur/Mac DeMarco (2017) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Anna Baryshnikov (2017) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Adam Conover (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Leslie Odom, Jr./The Strumbellas/Roy Haynes (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- Meryl Streep; Tom Hanks; Mark Weinberg (2017) ... Himself - Guest", "2017 The Axe Files (TV Series)", "- Tom Hanks (2017) ... Himself", "2014-2017 Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (TV Series)", "- Presidency of Donald Trump (2017) ... Himself - Guest", "- The Lottery (2014) ... Himself - Guest", "2017 Amy Adams: An American Cinematheque Tribute (TV Movie)", "Himself - Guest / Himself - Author, Uncommon Type", "- Episode #40.4 (2017) ... Himself - Author, Uncommon Type", "2017 Spielberg (TV Movie documentary)", "2017 XQ Super School Live (TV Movie)", "- The One About TV (2017) ... Himself - Actor", "Himself - Host / Himself / Various / ...", "- Dwayne Johnson/Katy Perry (2017) ... Himself / David S. Pimpkins (uncredited)", "- Tom Hanks/Lady Gaga (2016) ... Himself - Host / Sully / David S. Pumpkins", "- Justin Timberlake (2013) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- Martin Short/Paul McCartney (2012) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- Bruno Mars (2012) ... Himself / Kerry Lapkis / Robot (uncredited)", "2017 Ken Burns: America s Storyteller (TV Movie documentary)", "2017 Tom Brokaw at NBC News: The First 50 Years (TV Movie documentary)", "2017 Inferno: A Look at Langdon (Video documentary short)", "2017 Inferno: The Overpopulation Debate (Video documentary short)", "2017 Inferno: This Is Sienna Brooks (Video documentary short)", "2017 Inferno: Visions of Hell (Video documentary short)", "2017 Through Hell and Back: Dante s Enduring Influence (Video documentary short)", "Himself - Winner & Nominee", "2017 Taking the Stage: African American Music and Stories That Changed America (TV Special)", "2016 Sully: Neck Deep in the Hudson: - Shooting Sully (Video documentary short)", "2016 The British Academy Britannia Awards (TV Special)", "- Inferno/American Pastoral (2016) ... Himself", "- Phil Collins/Nico Tortorella/Tom Hanks & the Cast of Inferno (2016) ... Himself", "- Halloween Hacks!!! Week: Day 3 (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Carey Mulligan (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Diana Nyad (2013) ... Himself - Guest", "2016 Tom Hanks: A League of His Own (Documentary)", "- Episode dated 19 February 2009 (2009) ... Himself - Interviewee", "2016 Launching a Legacy: Interviews with Tom Hanks, Ron Howard, Dan Brown and Brian Grazer (Video documentary short)", "2016 Defying the Nazis: The Sharps War (Documentary)", "Waitstill Sharp (voice)", "- Tom Hanks/Kaleo (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- After the Oscars 2014 (2014) ... Himself - Guest", "- Jimmy Kimmel Live: After the Academy Awards (2012) ... Himself - Guest", "- After the Academy Awards (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "2016 California Typewriter (Documentary)", "2016 The Peter Austin Noto Show (TV Series)", "- The Tech Boom (2016) ... Himself - Actor", "- The Fight Against AIDS (2016) ... Himself - Actor", "- Raised on Television (2016) ... Himself - Actor", "2016 AFI Life Achievement Award: A Tribute to John Williams (TV Special)", "Woody - Presenter (voice)", "2016 A Case of the Cold War: Bridge of Spies (Video documentary short)", "2016 Berlin 1961: Re-Creating the Divide (Video documentary short)", "2016 Spy Swap : Looking Back on the Final Act (Video documentary short)", "2016 U-2 Spy Plane (Video documentary short)", "- Mike Nichols (2016) ... Himself", "- Inventing David Geffen (2012) ... Himself", "2015 Toy Story at 20: To Infinity and Beyond (TV Movie documentary)", "Himself - Woody", "- Tom Hanks/Jessica Chastain/Pentatonix (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "2015 The Seventies (TV Series documentary)", "- What s Goin On (2015) ... Himself - Actor", "- Television Gets Real (2015) ... Himself - Actor", "- I Really Like You Without Music (Carly Rae Jepsen) (2015) ... Himself", "2015 AFI Life Achievement Award: A Tribute to Steve Martin (TV Special)", "Himself - Pre-Taped Message", "- Tom Hanks/Eddie Vedder (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Sturgill Simpson (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Two Door Cinema Club (2013) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/cast of Pippin (2013) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Mila Kunis (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "2015 Misery Loves Comedy (Documentary)", "2015 Mulaney (TV Series)", "- French Roast (2015) ... Himself (uncredited)", "2014 The National Christmas Tree Lighting (TV Special)", "2014 The Concert for Valor (TV Special)", "2014 The Sixties (TV Series documentary)", "Himself - Actor / Producer", "- The Space Race (2014) ... Himself - Actor / Producer", "- The British Invasion (2014) ... Himself - Actor", "- When Television Came of Age (2014) ... Himself - Actor", "2014 Glad All Over: The Dave Clark Five and Beyond (TV Movie documentary)", "2014 EE British Academy Film Awards: The Red Carpet Show (TV Special)", "2014 The Night That Changed America: A Grammy Salute to the Beatles (TV Special)", "Himself (audience) (uncredited)", "2014 The Greatest Event in Television History (TV Series)", "- Bosom Buddies (2014) ... Himself", "2014 Capturing Captain Phillips (Video documentary)", "Himself - Nominee & Presenter (uncredited)", "2013 Asaichi (TV Series)", "- Episode dated 15 November 2013 (2013) ... Himself (as Tomu Hankusu)", "2013 Smap\u00d7Smap (TV Series)", "- Mitch Daniels (2012) ... Himself - Guest", "2013 Vanity Fair s Hollywood (TV Movie documentary)", "2013 Killing Lincoln (TV Movie)", "- Wetten, dass..? aus Bremen (2012) ... Himself", "- Wetten, dass..? aus B\u00f6blingen (2003) ... Himself", "2012 Night of Too Many Stars: America Comes Together for Autism Programs (TV Special)", "2012 Radioman (Documentary)", "2012 The Road We ve Traveled (Documentary short)", "2012 The Rosie Show (TV Series)", "- A Tribute to Penny Marshall (2012) ... Himself - Guest", "2011/II Rebuild (Documentary short)", "2011 Steve Jobs: One Last Thing (TV Movie documentary)", "2011 Prohibition (TV Mini-Series documentary)", "- A Nation of Scofflaws (2011) ... Reader (voice)", "- A Nation of Drunkards (2011) ... Reader (voice)", "2011 Boatlift (Documentary short)", "- Tom Hanks Talks Toy Story 4 (for the first time) and Larry Crowne! (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Oprah s Farewell Spectacular, Part 2 (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Oprah s Farewell Spectacular: Part 1 (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks and Julia Roberts Their Oprah Show Farewell (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks (2011) ... Himself - Interviewee", "2011 The 3 Minute Talk Show (TV Series)", "2011 Corman s World: Exploits of a Hollywood Rebel (Documentary)", "2011 Pixar: 25 Magic Moments (TV Movie documentary)", "2010 Toy Story 3: The Gang s All Here (Video documentary short)", "Himself / Woody", "- Tom Hanks Talks Larry Crowne & Toy Story 4 with Tween Reporter Piper Reese on the Red Carpet ... Himself - Guest", "- John Candy (2010) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks: The Luckiest Man in the World (2002) ... Himself", "- Ron Howard: Hollywood s Favorite Son (1999) ... Himself", "- To John with Love: A Tribute to John Candy (1995) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks/Will Ferrell/Neil Young (2010) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Green Day (2009) ... Himself - Guest", "2009 Streisand: Live in Concert (TV Special)", "2009 Getting Past Impossible: Forrest Gump and the Visual Effects Revolution (Video documentary short)", "Himself / Forrest Gump", "2009 The Art of Screenplay Adaptation (Video documentary short)", "2009 The 25th Anniversary Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Concert (TV Special)", "2009 CERN: Pushing the Frontiers of Human Knowledge (Video documentary short)", "2009 Angels & Demons: Characters in the Search of the True Story (Video documentary short)", "2009 Angels & Demons: Handling Props (Video short)", "2009 Angels & Demons: Rome Was Not Built in a Day (Video documentary short)", "2009 Angels & Demons: The Full Story (Video documentary short)", "2009 Angels & Demons: This Is an Ambigram (Video short)", "2009 Writing Angels & Demons (Video documentary short)", "Himself - Audience", "- The Los Angeles Philharmonic Opening Gala with Gustavo Dudamel (2009) ... Himself - Audience (uncredited)", "2009 The National Parks: America s Best Idea (TV Mini-Series documentary)", "- Great Nature: 1933-1945 (2009) ... Reader (voice)", "- Going Home: 1920-1933 (2009) ... Reader (voice)", "- The Empire of Grandeur: 1915-1919 (2009) ... Reader (voice)", "- The Last Refuge: 1890-1915 (2009) ... Reader (voice)", "- The Scripture of Nature: 1851-1890 (2009) ... Reader (voice)", "- Episode dated 16 May 2009 (2009) ... Himself - Interviewee", "- Tom Hank (2009) ... Himself - Guest", "1994-2009 Gomorron (TV Series)", "Himself / Himself - Om Filmen / Forrest Gump", "- Om filmen Cast Away (2001) ... Himself - Om Filmen", "- 1995-10-22 (1995) ... Himself", "- Om filmen Forest Gump (1994) ... Himself / Forrest Gump", "2009 The Da Vinci Code: Unlocking the Code (Video documentary short)", "2009 We Are One: The Obama Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial (TV Special)", "2008 A Timeless Call (Documentary short)", "2008 Sexo en serie (TV Movie documentary)", "2008 Making John Adams (Video documentary short)", "Himself - Executive Producer", "2008 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony (TV Special)", "2008 A Hero s Journey: The Making of Beowulf (Video documentary short)", "2008 The Making of Charlie Wilson s War (Video short)", "Himself / HImself / Joe Fox", "- Charlie Wilson s War (2007) ... Himself", "- The Polar Express (2004) ... Himself", "- Catch Me If You Can (2002) ... HImself", "- The Making of Road to Perdition (2002) ... Himself", "2007 The War (TV Mini-Series documentary)", "Al McIntosh / Al Mcintosh", "- A World Without War: March 1945 - September 1945 (2007) ... Al McIntosh (voice)", "- The Ghost Front: December 1944 - March 1945 (2007) ... Al McIntosh", "- FUBAR: September 1944 - December 1944 (2007) ... Al McIntosh", "- Pride of Our Nation: June 1944 - August 1944 (2007) ... Al McIntosh (voice)", "- A Deadly Calling: November 1943 - June 1944 (2007) ... Al McIntosh (voice)", "2007 The Pixar Story (Documentary)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: A Portrait of Langdon (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Close-Up on the Mona Lisa (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Filmmaker s Journey (Video documentary)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: First Day on the Set with Ron Howard (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Magical Places (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Re-Creating Works of Art (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Unusual Suspects (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Who Is Sophie Neveu? (Video short)", "2006 Forbes Celebrity 100: Who Made Bank? (TV Movie)", "- Tom Hanks: 2 (2006) ... Himself - Guest", "2006 Who Needs Sleep? (Documentary)", "2006 Moving Image Salutes Ron Howard (TV Movie)", "2005 The Mark Twain Prize: Steve Martin (TV Special documentary)", "2005 Why Shakespeare? (Video short documentary)", "2004 4Pop (TV Series documentary)", "- Hulluna korkokenkiin (2004) ... Himself", "- R n b haastaa iskelm\u00e4n (2004) ... Himself", "2004 Landing: Airport Stories (Video documentary short)", "2004 Waiting for the Flight: Building The Terminal (Video documentary short)", "2004 Ahora (TV Series)", "2004 Bambi Verleihung 2004 (TV Movie)", "Himself - Crowd Member", "2004 Steven Spielberg: The Man and His Movies (TV Movie documentary)", "2004 World War II Memorial Dedication (TV Movie documentary)", "Himself - Guest Speaker", "2004 Filmland (TV Series documentary)", "2004 Saving Private Ryan : Boot Camp (Video documentary short)", "2004 Saving Private Ryan : Miller and His Platoon (Video documentary short)", "2004 Saving Private Ryan : Parting Thoughts (Video short)", "2004 Saving Private Ryan : Re-Creating Omaha Beach (Video documentary short)", "2004 Making Saving Private Ryan (Video documentary short)", "2003 People Like Us: Making Philadelphia (Video documentary)", "2003 Rebels of Oakland: The A s, the Raiders, the 70s (TV Movie documentary)", "Himself - Oakland Resident 1966-1976", "2003 Heroes... Twenty Years with AIDS Project Los Angeles (TV Movie documentary)", "2003 Horatio s Drive: America s First Road Trip (TV Movie documentary)", "Horatio Nelson Jackson (voice)", "2003 Concert for George (Video documentary)", "Mountie (uncredited)", "- Penny Marshall (2003) ... Himself", "2003 Catch Me If You Can : The Casting of the Film (Video documentary short)", "2003 Hollywood Celebrates Denzel Washington: An American Cinematheque Tribute (TV Special documentary)", "2003 The 14th Annual Producers Guild of America Awards (TV Special)", "2003 Taff (TV Series)", "- Geena Davis (2002) ... Himself", "2002 Life with Bonnie (TV Series)", "- What If? (2002) ... Himself", "2002 Making a Splash (Video documentary short)", "Himself / Allen Bauer", "- Filmfestspiele Venedig (2002) ... Himself", "2002 The Making of Road to Perdition (TV Short documentary)", "Himself / Michael Sullivan", "2002 The Honeymooners 50th Anniversary Celebration (TV Movie)", "2002 Primetime Glick (TV Series)", "- Tom Hanks/Ben Stiller (2002) ... Himself", "2001 The Island (Video short)", "2001 The Making of Band of Brothers (TV Short documentary)", "2001 The Making of Cast Away (Video documentary short)", "2001 Wilson: The Life and Death of a Hollywood Extra (Video documentary short)", "2001 Rescued from the Closet (Video documentary)", "- Joan Rivers (2001) ... Himself", "1999-2001 The Directors (TV Series documentary)", "- The Films of Garry Marshall (2001) ... Himself", "- The Films of Steven Spielberg (2000) ... Himself", "- The Films of Ron Howard (1999) ... Himself", "- The Films of Nora Ephron ... Himself", "2001 Scene by Scene (TV Series)", "2001 The Big Breakfast (TV Series)", "2000 Behind the Scenes: Cast Away (Video documentary)", "Himself - Actor (segment Tom Hanks )", "- Notra Trulock/Tom Hanks/The Rosenberg Case (2000) ... Himself - Actor (segment Tom Hanks )", "2000 Shooting War (TV Movie documentary)", "- Return with Honor (2000) ... Himself - Narrator", "Himself / Paul Edgecomb", "1999 Stephen King: Shining in the Dark (TV Movie documentary)", "1999 The Story Behind Toy Story (Video documentary short)", "1999 The Miracle of The Green Mile (TV Short documentary)", "1998 Into the Breach: Saving Private Ryan (Video documentary short)", "1998 Return to Normandy (Video documentary)", "1998 Famous Families (TV Series documentary)", "- Tom Hanks and Rita Wilson: That Thing They Do (1998) ... Himself", "1998 Return with Honor (Documentary)", "- Show n\u00ba 121 (1998) ... Himself", "1998 Extra Rosa (TV Series)", "- The Space Program (1998) ... Himself - Guest", "- The Original Wives Club (1998) ... Himself - Host", "- Galileo Was Right (1998) ... Himself - Host", "- For Miles and Miles (1998) ... Himself - Host", "- We Interrupt This Program (1998) ... Himself - Host", "- That s All There Is (1998) ... Himself - Host", "1997 I Am Your Child (TV Movie documentary)", "1997 Ruby Wax Meets... (TV Series documentary)", "- Show #200 (1997) ... Himself", "1996 Lost Moon: The Triumph of Apollo 13 (Video documentary)", "- The Pallbearer/Barb Wire/Last Dance/The Great White Hype/The Craft (1996) ... Himself", "- The Quick and the Dead/Shallow Grave/The Jerky Boys: The Movie/Crumb (1995) ... Himself", "- Memo to the Academy - 1994 (1994) ... Himself", "1996 AFI Life Achievement Award: A Tribute to Steven Spielberg (TV Special documentary)", "Himself - Winner & Accepting Award for Favourite Dramatic Motion Picture / Favorite Motion Picture", "1996 2nd Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards (TV Special)", "1995 The Crypt Keeper Presents: A Spine-Tingling Look at Tales from the Crypt (Documentary short)", "1995 The Siskel & Ebert Interviews (TV Special)", "- Bald Star in Hot Oil Fest! (1995) ... Himself", "1995 The Celluloid Closet (Documentary)", "1995 The Making of Apollo 13 (Documentary short)", "1995 Barbra: The Concert (TV Special)", "Himself - Concert Attendee (uncredited)", "1995 Hasty Pudding Awards (TV Special)", "Himself - Winner, Presenter & Accepting Award for Favorite Motion Picture", "1995 1st Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards (TV Special)", "1994 The Wonderful World of Disney: 40 Years of Television Magic (TV Movie documentary)", "1994 Through the Eyes of Forrest Gump (TV Movie documentary)", "1994 Primer plano (TV Series)", "1994 The Essence Awards (TV Special)", "1994 The 5th Annual GLAAD Media Awards (TV Special)", "1994 Clive James (TV Series)", "1992 The 6th Annual American Comedy Awards (TV Special)", "1991 The Best of Disney: 50 Years of Magic (TV Movie documentary)", "1990 Joe Versus the Volcano: Behind the Scenes (Video documentary short)", "1989 Saturday Night Live: 15th Anniversary (TV Special)", "1988 The Media Show (TV Series documentary)", "1988 Aspel & Company (TV Series)", "2019 Tucker Carlson Tonight (TV Series)", "- Episode dated 7 February 2019 (2019) ... Himself - Actor", "Himself / Himself - The Love Boat / Himself - Author, Uncommon Type", "- ET s Exclusive First Look! (2019) ... Himself", "- Graham Norton s Good Guest Guide (2018) ... Himself", "- Barry Norman (2017) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- We All Have to Fight and Be Loud (2017) ... Himself", "2017 SNL Presents: Halloween (TV Movie)", "2017 Diana: The Day Britain Cried (TV Movie documentary)", "2017 Abandoned (TV Series documentary short)", "- Cancelled - The Tonight Show With Conan O Brien (2017) ... Himself", "2017 The Fabulous Allan Carr (Documentary)", "2017 Full Frontal with Samantha Bee (TV Series)", "- February 1, 2017 (2017) ... Viktor Navorski", "2017 National Endowment for the Arts: United States of Arts (TV Series documentary short)", "- American Film Institute (2017) ... Himself", "2017 50/50 (critique) (TV Mini-Series)", "- La Ligne Verte (2017)", "- Guest Co-Host Michael Buble/Tom Hanks/Blair Underwood/Abbi Jacobson (2016) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks/Priyanka Chopra (2015) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks/Josh Hutcherson/Colbie Caillat (2014) ... Himself", "- A New Year s Eve Retrospective (2013) ... Himself", "- The Best in Late Show Retrospectacular End-of-Year Wrapupabration! 1 (2016) ... Himself", "2016 Sully: Sully Sullenberger - The Man Behind the Miracle (Video documentary short)", "Himself - Chesley Sully Sullenberger", "- Episode dated 26 October 2016 (2016) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- Presidential Debate (2016) ... Himself", "- Hidden Treasures: We Find, You Keep (2015) ... Himself", "2016 There s Something About Romcoms (TV Movie documentary)", "Himself - Producer, My Big Fat Greek Wedding", "2016 Nostalgia Critic (TV Series)", "Forrest Gump / Captain Miller", "- When Are Critics Wrong? (2016) ... Forrest Gump / Captain Miller", "2016 Duels (TV Series documentary)", "- Elisabeth II - Lady Diana, Duel Royal (2016) ... Himself", "2016 Do They Know It? (TV Series)", "- Do Teens Know 90 s Romance Movies? (2016)", "Robbie Wheeling / Professor G.H. Dorr / Captain Miller / ...", "- Star Wars, Buster Keaton, Dinosaur (2016) ... Robbie Wheeling", "- Three Cases of Murder (2015) ... Professor G.H. Dorr", "- Catch-22 (2015) ... Captain Miller", "- Ishtar (2015) ... Josh", "2015 Els dies clau (TV Series documentary)", "- 25 de juliol de 1985: s anuncia que Rock Hudson t\u00e9 la sida (2015) ... Andrew Beckett", "2015 Keith Richards: Under the Influence (Documentary)", "- Out (2015) ... Andrew Beckett", "2015 Conspiracy (TV Series documentary)", "- The Nazi King (2015) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- Guests: gTime Johnny and PaulsEgo - Erotic Brony Fiction - Wild Bill - And More! (2015) ... Himself", "2014 Animation Lookback (TV Series documentary)", "- The Best of Stop Motion - Ray Harryhausen 2/2 (2014) ... Himself", "2014 That s Life!! Kilorenzos Smith in Talks... (TV Series documentary)", "- 2nd Indie Fest of YouTube Videos 2014 (2014) ... Himself", "2014 Walking the Mile (Director s Cut) (Video documentary)", "2014 Somewhere Over the Rainbow (TV Movie documentary)", "Andrew Beckett (uncredited)", "2014 The Greatest 80s Movies (TV Movie documentary)", "2014 Stop at Nothing: The Lance Armstrong Story (Documentary)", "- Amanda Seyfried/Will Ferrell and Chad Smith/Red Hot Chili Peppers (2014) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- Bill Cosby/Joby Ogwyn/Nathan East (2014) ... Himself (uncredited)", "2014 You Can t Kill Tom Hanks! Interview mit Regisseur Joe Dante (Video documentary short)", "Ray Peterson (uncredited)", "2014 The Second Annual On Cinema Oscar Special (TV Special)", "2013 Greatest Ever Christmas Movies (TV Movie documentary)", "- Episode #22.48 (2013) ... Captain Richard Phillips", "2013 Saturday Night Live: Halloween (TV Special)", "The Merryville Brothers (uncredited)", "- Movie Guide 2: Part 13 (2013) ... Captain Richard Phillips", "2013 Killing Lincoln: An Interview with Author Bill O Reilly (Video documentary short)", "2013 Uncovering the Truth: Killing Lincoln (Documentary short)", "2012 1002 Momentos de la tele (TV Series)", "2012 Fox Files (TV Series)", "- Sinatra Jr. Kidnaping/Super Dogs!/Gary Sinise, Man on a Mission (2012) ... Forrest Gump", "Himself - Academy Award Winning Actor", "- Whistleblowers (2011) ... Himself - Award Winning Actor", "- Until It Happens to You (2011) ... Himself - Award Winning Actor", "2011 The Extraordinary Voyage (Documentary)", "Rick Gassko / Himself / Paul Edgecomb", "- Tawny Kitaen (2011) ... Rick Gassko", "- Dustin Hoffman: First in His Class (2002) ... Himself", "- Stephen King: Fear, Fame and Fortune (2000) ... Paul Edgecomb", "2011 Today Tonight (TV Series)", "- Episode dated 8 March 2011 (2011) ... Woody", "Walter Fielding, Jr.", "- Especial redoblajes (2011) ... Walter Fielding, Jr. (uncredited)", "2011 Saturday Night Live Backstage (TV Special documentary)", "2008-2010 That Fellow in the Coat (TV Series)", "- A Look Back at the Animated Features of 2010 (2010) ... Woody", "- Character Profile: The Toy Story Aliens (2008) ... Woody", "2010 Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy (Video documentary)", "Dr. Robert Langdon (uncredited)", "- Kings Ransom (2009) ... Himself (uncredited)", "2009 Io sono l amore", "2008-2009 5 Second Movies (TV Series)", "Forrest Gump / Josh Baskin", "- Forrest Gump (2009) ... Forrest Gump", "- Big (2008) ... Josh Baskin", "2008 The Magical World of Trains (Video documentary)", "2008 Ceremonia de inauguraci\u00f3n - 56\u00ba Festival internacional de cine de San Sebasti\u00e1n (TV Special)", "Himself / Himself - Patriot (segment Pinheads & Patriots )", "- Episode dated 7 July 2008 (2008) ... Himself - Patriot (segment Pinheads & Patriots )", "- Movies (2007) ... Josh", "2007 Saturday Night Live in the 90s: Pop Culture Nation (TV Special documentary)", "2007 Canada A.M. (TV Series)", "2006 The Queen", "Himself / Sherman McCoy / Jimmy Dugan / ... (uncredited)", "2006 The Sci-Fi Boys (Documentary)", "Walter Fielding Jr.", "- Episode dated 14 March 2006 (2006) ... Walter Fielding Jr.", "2006 Who Killed the Electric Car? (Documentary)", "- Shredded Plane (2006) ... Chuck Noland", "2005 El oficio de actor (TV Movie documentary)", "2005 Saturday Night Live: The Best of Jon Lovitz (TV Special)", "Various Characters (uncredited)", "2005 I Love the 90s: Part Deux (TV Series documentary)", "Himself / Various", "2004 101 Biggest Celebrity Oops (TV Special documentary)", "2003 Get Up, Stand Up (TV Series documentary)", "- What s Going On (2003) ... Himself (uncredited)", "2003 I Love the 80s Strikes Back (TV Series documentary)", "- 35 Years and 60 Minutes (2003) ... Himself - Actor", "- Wie wenig \u00fcberraschend Fernsehen sein kann. (2003) ... Carl Hanratty", "2001 Backstory (TV Series documentary)", "- Big (2001) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks & Rita Wilson (2000) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks", "2000 Lord Stanley s Cup: Hockey s Ultimate Prize (Video documentary)", "Himself / Josh / Rick Gassko", "Mr. Short-Term Memory (uncredited)", "Barry the Roadie (uncredited)", "- Om filmen R\u00e4dda menige Ryan (1998) ... Himself", "1998 Sharon Stone - Una mujer de 100 caras (TV Movie documentary)", "1998 The Harryhausen Chronicles (TV Movie documentary)", "1996 The Universal Story (TV Movie documentary)", "- One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1995) ... Himself - Actor", "- Quadriplegia, Nymphomania, and HIV-Positive Night (1995) ... Andrew Beckett", "1993 Hard Copy (TV Series)", "- Celebrity Past Live (1993) ... Himself", "1993 The Best of Saturday Night Live: 1989 (Video)", "1992 Saturday Night Live: Presidential Bash (TV Special)", "Peter Jennings (uncredited)", "1992 Best of Saturday Night Live: Special Edition (Video)", "1986 Thompson Twins: Nothing in Common (Video short)", "1999: TV commercial for The National World War II Memorial See more \u00bb", "1 Biographical Movie | 3 Print Biographies | 26 Interviews | 48 Articles | 9 Pictorials | 66 Magazine Cover Photos | See more \u00bb", "Tomu Hankusu", "[on Harvey Weinstein] We re at a watershed moment, this is a sea change. His last name will become a noun and a verb. It will become an identifying moniker for a state of being for which there was a before and an after. See more \u00bb", "Attended California State University, Sacramento. See more \u00bb", "Frequently plays ordinary characters in extraordinary situations See more \u00bb" ] }, { "url": "https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/forrest-gump-opens-wins-hanks-a-second-oscar", "title": "Forrest Gump opens wins Tom Hanks a second Oscar HISTORY", "content": [ "\u201cForrest Gump\u201d opens, wins Tom Hanks a second Oscar", "On this day in 1994, the movie Forrest Gump opens in U.S. theaters. A huge box-office success, the film starred Tom Hanks in the title role of Forrest, a good-hearted man with a low I.Q. who winds up at the center of key cultural and historical events of the second half of the 20th century.", "Forrest Gump was based on a 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom, who (like his main character) grew up in Alabama and served in the Army during Vietnam. In the film\u2013which included now-famous lines like \u201cLife is like a box of chocolates. You never know what you\u2019re gonna get\u201d\u2013Forrest is a star runner and ping-pong prodigy who inadvertently rubs elbows with the key figures in a number of landmark events, from Elvis to the Civil Rights Movement to Watergate to the rise of Apple computers. He pursues and eventually marries his childhood friend Jenny, played by Robin Wright Penn, who veered from Forrest\u2019s conservative path and became a hippie in the 1960s. Some commentators argued that Jenny\u2019s eventual demise was a statement about the counter-culture movement in America.", "Forrest Gump received 13 Academy Award nominations and took home six Oscars, including Best Picture, Best Actor in a Leading Role (Hanks) and Best Director (Robert Zemeckis). The film also won an Oscar for its then-cutting-edge computer-generated imagery (CGI) special effects, which incorporated Forrest Gump into existing news footage with famous world figures including John F. Kennedy, John Lennon and Richard Nixon.", "The win was Hanks\u2019 second in the Best Actor category. A year earlier, the actor had nabbed an Oscar for his starring role as a lawyer with AIDS in Philadelphia (1993). With Forrest Gump, Hanks became only the second actor, after Spencer Tracy, to win back-to-back Oscars. In addition to his Oscar wins, he was nominated for Academy Awards in the Best Actor category for his performances in Big (1988), Saving Private Ryan (1998) and Cast Away (2000).", "https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/forrest-gump-opens-wins-hanks-a-second-oscar", "Major League Baseball\u2019s first All-Star Game is held", "On this day in 1933, Major League Baseball\u2019s first All-Star Game took place at Chicago\u2019s Comiskey Park. The brainchild of a determined sports editor, the event was designed to bolster the sport and improve its reputation during the darkest years of the Great Depression. ...read more", "Congress issues a \u201cDeclaration on the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms\u201d", "On this day in 1775, one day after restating their fidelity to King George III and wishing him \u201ca long and prosperous reign\u201d in the Olive Branch Petition, Congress sets \u201cforth the causes and necessity of their taking up arms\u201d against British authority in the American colonies. ...read more", "Fire engulfs circus big top in Hartford, killing 167", "In Hartford, Connecticut, a fire breaks out under the big top of the Ringling Bros. and Barnum Bailey Circus, killing 167 people and injuring 682. Two-thirds of those who perished were children. The cause of the fire was unknown, but it spread at incredible speed, racing up the ...read more", "Women inducted into U.S. Naval Academy for the first time", "In Annapolis, Maryland, the United States Naval Academy admits women for the first time in its history with the induction of 81 female midshipmen. In May 1980, Elizabeth Anne Rowe became the first woman member of the class to graduate. Four years later, Kristine Holderied became ...read more", "Anne Frank\u2019s family takes refuge", "In Nazi-occupied Holland, 13-year-old Jewish diarist Anne Frank and her family are forced to take refuge in a secret sealed-off area of an Amsterdam warehouse. The day before, Anne\u2019s older sister, Margot, had received a call-up notice to be deported to a Nazi \u201cwork camp.\u201d Born in ...read more", "Althea Gibson is first African American to win Wimbledon", "On this day in 1957, Althea Gibson claims the women\u2019s singles tennis title at Wimbledon and becomes the first African American to win a championship at London\u2019s All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Gibson was born on August 25, 1927, in Silver, South Carolina, and raised in ...read more", "George Walker Bush is born", "On this day in 1946, George Walker Bush, the son of future President George Herbert Walker Bush, is born in New Haven, Connecticut. When he was two years old, Bush\u2019s parents moved to Texas. where the elder Bush worked in the oil industry. Bush was nicknamed \u201cDubya\u201d for his middle ...read more", "Mark Twain begins reporting in Virginia City", "Writing under the name of Mark Twain, Samuel Clemens begins publishing news stories in the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise. Born in Missouri in 1835, Clemens followed a circuitous route to becoming an observer and writer of the American West. As a young man he apprenticed as ...read more", "John Lennon meets Paul McCartney for the first time", "The front-page headline of the Liverpool Evening Express on July 6, 1957, read \u201cMERSEYSIDE SIZZLES,\u201d in reference to the heat wave then gripping not just northern England, but all of Europe. The same headline could well have been used over a story that received no coverage at all ...read more", "Dalai Lama, leader of Tibet and bestselling author, is born", "On this day, an infant named Tenzin Gyatso, future leader of Tibet and bestselling author, is born to a peasant family in Takster, Tibet. At age two, he will be declared the Dalai Lama. In 1999, he will have two bestsellers on the nonfiction lists. In 1937, the child was ...read more", "George \u201cBugs\u201d Moran is arrested", "FBI agents arrest George \u201cBugs\u201d Moran, along with fellow crooks Virgil Summers and Albert Fouts, in Kentucky. Once one of the biggest organized crime figures in America, Moran had been reduced to small bank robberies by this time. He died in prison 11 years later. Bugs Moran\u2019s ...read more", "Civil war breaks out in Nigeria", "Five weeks after its secession from Nigeria, the breakaway Republic of Biafra is attacked by Nigerian government forces. In 1960, Nigeria gained independence from Britain. Six years later, the Muslim Hausas in northern Nigeria began massacring the Christian Igbos in the region, ...read more" ] }, { "url": "https://uproxx.com/movies/tom-hanks-oscars-joke-colin-jost/", "title": "Tom Hanks Playfully Mocked Colin Jost At The Oscars", "content": [ "Tom Hanks\u2019 Oscar-less streak now stands at 25 years, after Brad Pitt won Best Supporting Actor over the A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood star. \u201cAmerica\u2019s Dad\u201d still made a winning appearance during the ceremony, as he was asked to say a few words about the Academy Museum of Motion Pictures opening later this year. \u201cThere\u2019s never been a museum dedicated to the art and sciences of motion pictures. But it is being born, this labor,\u201d Hanks said, before adding that he visited the building earlier that morning. \u201cI was putting up some drywall. Scarlett Johansson had brought her orbital sander. Brad Pitt was on the roof working with his shirt off.\u201d Good joke, good joke, but then came the even better kicker: \u201cAs was Colin Jost. And dude, that was no contest.\u201d", "Jost, who was probably still reeling from Chloe Fineman\u2019s fantastic ScarJo impression during \u201cWeekend Update,\u201d was not the joke\u2019s original target, according to Entertainment Weekly. It was supposed to be Helen Mirren until a (fortunate!) last-minute change:", "Minutes before going onstage, Hanks was working on a last-minute tweak to his script, asking to swap in a reference to Colin Jost (instead of Helen Mirren) in one part of his bit\u2026 He suggested they pan to Jost in the audience as he name-checks the comedian.", "The camera did not cut to Jost, but it did cut to Hanks, and Margot Robbie and his That Thing You Do! co-star Charlize Theron, when the producers bafflingly turned the lights down on Bong Joon Ho & Co. after Parasite won Best Picture.", "I don\u2019t really believe in God but\u2026 God bless Tom Hanks for leading the charge to keep the lights on so that Bong Joon-Ho and the #Parasite crew could finish speaking and fully enjoy their victory. #Oscarspic.twitter.com/hawx8PKMcL", "Topics: #Oscars 2020, #Tom HanksTags: colin jost, OSCARS, OSCARS 2020, TOM HANKS" ] }, { "url": "https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2484853/the-10-best-tom-hanks-movies-ranked", "title": "The 10 Best Tom Hanks Movies Ranked CINEMABLEND", "content": [ "The 10 Best Tom Hanks Movies, Ranked", "Jerrica Tisdale", "Later this month, Tom Hanks debuts his next Oscar buzz film, A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood, where he plays real-life TV hero Fred Rogers, known to fans simply as Mr. Rogers. Hanks\u2019 performance in this film has already gained praise following early showings. No one can wait to see one of Hollywood\u2019s nicest guys play one of Hollywood\u2019s nicest guys. Among Tom Hanks movies, A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood is sure to rank high.", "Could his role as Mr. Rogers put Hanks back in the Oscars seat? A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood has a lot of competition among classic Hanks films like Forrest Gump or Saving Private Ryan, to newer standouts like Captain Philips and the Toy Story movies. For this Tom Hanks movies ranking, I ranked based on which movies were most defining for Hanks\u2019 acting career, honing in on some of his best performances. I know I missed some of your favorites, so read to the end to give us your input on which Tom Hanks movies you love the most.", "During World War II, a All-American Girls Professional Baseball League forms with Jimmy Dugan (Tom Hanks) as the manager. He must coach the women from amateurs to professionals, and eventual champions. The cast of characters includes Geena Davis as Dottie, Madonna as Mae, Lori Petty as Kit, and Rosie O\u2019Donnell as Dori.", "A League Of Their Own is one of the career-defining movies for Hanks. It is one of his most remembered performances, especially from his early acting days. It\u2019s also one of the few Tom Hanks films where he plays a rough and tough character who eventually grows into the lovable Hanks persona that everyone has come to adore. He also gets to utter one of the most iconic lines in film history, \u201cThere is no crying in baseball!\u201d", "Tom Hanks gives a thought-provoking performance as Chuck Noland, a FedEx employee who becomes stranded on a deserted island for four years. He must learn to survive both physically and mentally, while maintaining hope for returning home. The film grossed over $429 million worldwide and earned Hanks his fifth Best Actor in a Leading Role Oscar nomination.", "Essentially, Cast Away relies on Hanks\u2019 charm and abilities as an actor to carry the film, because it\u2019s one of those rare Hollywood movies without big explosions and fight scenes. As Tom Hanks is the only actor on the screen for most of Castaway, he gives one of his boldest performances: He uses his verbal and physical acting prowess--especially without the comfort of working with other actors--to emphasize the emotions that come with total isolation.", "Meg Ryan and Tom Hanks join forces for their third outing in You ve Got Mail. In this film, they play Kathleen Kelly and Joe Fox, rival bookshop owners. Kathleen owns an independent bookshop, and Joe owns a major franchise that plans to run businesses like Kathleen\u2019s out of town. The two hate each other at first, but fall in love both in real life and online, without knowing the two relationships are connected.", "If we could fill this entire list with just Ryan and Hanks romantic pairings, we probably would because of their dynamic onscreen chemistry, and the likes of Sleepless In Seattle could have easily made this list. However, You Got Mail stands out the most, not only for how natural Ryan and Hanks work together, but also because of how relevant online dating has become since Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan made the film over 20 years ago.", "Captain Phillips follows Captain Richard Phillips as a group of pirates take him and his crew hostage. Director Paul Greengrass and screenwriter Billy Ray based Captain Phillips on the 2009 true story of the Maersk Alabama hijacking. The movie received six Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture and Best Supporting Actor for Barkhad Abdi (who plays Abduwali Muse), the main and sole survivor behind the hijacking.", "In the film, Tom Hanks must embody all the fear and anxiety that comes with someone\u2019s life being in danger, while also trying to protect the lives of others. It\u2019s a classic tale of man vs. man, with both sides having goals. For Captain Phillips, it\u2019s to make it home alive. The film excellently blends high intensity action with a look at human nature.", "Catch Me If You Can is one of the many film pairings that brings Tom Hanks and Steven Spielberg together. In this one, Hanks stars opposite Leonardo DiCaprio. DiCaprio plays Frank Abagnale Jr., a professional con artist who poses in various careers, such as a pilot and doctor. His main crimes involve check forgery, which captures the attention of FBI agent Carl Hanratty (Hanks), who takes special interest in Frank Jr. and it becomes a game of cat and mouse. Spielberg based Catch Me If You Can on the real Frank Abagnale Jr.", "Catch Me If You Can may not receive the same praise as some of the other hanks-Spielberg pairings, but it\u2019s one of their most fun collaborations. Not only is Frank Jr.\u2019s real life fascinating, but Tom Hanks and Leo DiCaprio both give charismatic performances as two men really bound together until one of them ends this chase. The film also pays homage to the 60s and flashy lifestyles.", "Forrest Gump follows the folk-like figure Forrest Gump throughout his life. People who meet Forrest know and love him for his extreme kind heart and bit of na\u00efvet\u00e9. The film highlights the many ways that he influences history and touches different lives.", "Tom Hanks received his second consecutive Academy Award win for Forrest Gump. It also won several other Oscars, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Adapted Screenplay. Forrest has become one of Hanks most well-known characters, at least his most quoted character. The reason Forrest has become such a beloved pop culture character is because of the sincerity of Hanks\u2019 performance, and its story of a pure heart.", "The original Toy Story surrounds Andy\u2019s toys, who are led by Woody (Hanks), Andy\u2019s favorite toy, until Buzz Lightyear (Tim Allen) comes along and Woody is pushed to the shadows. The film inspired three sequels, the final one (so they claim) premiered in 2019 to rave reviews.", "The Toy Story franchise has grossed over $3 billion worldwide and become the 20th highest grossing franchise of all time. The story of toys who just want love has reached generations of fans, and has cemented Tom Hanks even more in the hall of fame of beloved movie actors. Woody and Buzz are the dynamic duo that fans will continue to rush to box offices to see, whether that means one more or 20 more sequels.", "Set during World War II, Saving Private Ryan follows Captain John Miller (Hanks) and his squad as they try to find Private Ryan (Matt Damon). Fans and critics often praise the film for its realistic depictions of the violence and devastation of wars.", "Saving Private Ryan is the first Spielberg and Tom Hanks collaboration. It received 11 Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director, which it won, giving Steven Spielberg his second director Oscar, and Best Actor nomination for Hanks, who didn\u2019t win. The film relies on the actor to lead this ensemble cast as they navigate the obstacles associated with war, including the mental ones. Hank gives a respectable performance as a captain willing to make any sacrifice to ensure that his men make it home from the war.", "Twelve-year old Josh Baskin (David Moscow) makes a wish to become big, and transforms into the 30-year old version of himself, played by Tom Hanks. First, it\u2019s all fun and games being an adult, but then Josh starts to see just how stressful adult life can be, so he must find a way to become a child again.", "Though not his first film or television appearance, 1988 s Big has become one of Hanks most iconic performances. Not only for the piano dance scene, but for Tom Hanks effortless blend of comedy and drama throughout the movie. Viewers watch as this big kid tries to navigate the challenges of adulthood without actually going through the struggles of growing up. The movie Big acts as a reminder to children and young adults to appreciate their youth while they have it, and to take growing up slowly.", "Tom Hanks stars opposite Denzel Washington in Philadelphia, a movie where Hanks plays Andrew Beckett, a man fired from his firm because of his sexuality and being diagnosed with AIDS. Washington plays Joe Miller, the lawyer who takes Beckett\u2019s case against his former firm. As the men work together, they find a new respect and admiration for each other, despite their differences.", "Philadelphia earned Hanks his first Academy Award for Best Actor, rightfully so. Tom Hanks delivers a powerful performance that helps highlight the bigotry that many faced and still face. The film not only touched on such a powerful issue but it helped showcase two powerhouse actors as Washington and Hanks in a time when both of their careers were on the rise. It\u2019s not an easy film to watch, and is one of the actor s more dramatic roles, but it\u2019s an important and memorable one.", "This list could go on forever because Tom Hanks has so many good movies. Everyone also has their own special relationship with them, so the world may never agree on the best ones, so let\u2019s us hear your opinion by voting in our poll below. Also, comment with the ones you would have put on the list.", "What Is Your Favorite Tom Hanks Movie?" ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Tom_Hanks", "title": "List of awards and nominations received by Tom Hanks", "content": [ "List of awards and nominations received by Tom Hanks", "Actor, producer and director Tom Hanks has been honored with numerous awards and nominations, including two consecutive Oscars for \"Philadelphia\" (1993) and \"Forrest Gump\" (1994). Tom Hanks has won a total of 50 awards on this list." ] } ] }, "timestamp": null }, { "action": "Wizard => SearchAgent", "text": "Tom hank total oscars", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077826 }, { "action": "SearchAgent => Wizard", "text": "", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tom-Hanks", "title": "Tom Hanks Biography Movies Facts Britannica", "content": [ "Alternative Title: Thomas J. Hanks", "Tom Hanks, in full Thomas J. Hanks, (born July 9, 1956, Concord, California, U.S.), American actor whose cheerful everyman persona made him a natural for starring roles in many popular films. In the 1990s he expanded his comedic repertoire and began portraying lead characters in dramas.", "After a nomadic childhood, Hanks majored in drama at California State University and performed in summer stock in Cleveland, Ohio, playing a variety of classical roles. In the late 1970s he moved to New York City, where he had a small part in a horror film in 1980.", "Hanks gained notice for his comic abilities as a costar of the television series Bosom Buddies (1980\u201382). His work in the hit film Splash (1984) earned him leads in other comedies, including Bachelor Party (1984), Volunteers (1985), and The Money Pit (1986). He successfully mixed comedy with drama in Nothing in Common (1986) and Punchline (1988), and his portrayal of a boy in an adult body in Big (1988) earned him an Academy Award nomination and launched him on the path to becoming one of the era\u2019s most popular stars.", "After starring opposite actress Meg Ryan in the romantic comedy Joe Versus the Volcano (1990), Hanks reteamed with her in Sleepless in Seattle (1993) and You\u2019ve Got Mail (1998), both directed by Nora Ephron. He portrayed the drunken manager of a women\u2019s baseball team in the comedy A League of Their Own (1992) and delivered an Oscar-winning performance as a gay lawyer with AIDS in Philadelphia (1993). Another Academy Award, for the phenomenally popular Forrest Gump (1994), made him the first actor to win back-to-back best actor Oscars since Spencer Tracy.", "Hanks earned further Oscar nominations for outstanding dramatic performances in Saving Private Ryan (1998), which was directed by Steven Spielberg, and Cast Away (2000). Additional dramatic roles came in Apollo 13 (1995), The Green Mile (1999), and Road to Perdition (2002). In the blockbuster Toy Story series (1995, 1999, 2010), Hanks provided the voice of the animated cowboy Woody.", "In 2002 Hanks starred with Leonardo DiCaprio in Spielberg\u2019s Catch Me If You Can, and he portrayed Robert Langdon, a professor of symbology, in the 2006 film adaptation of Dan Brown\u2019s hugely popular The Da Vinci Code; he reprised the role of Langdon in Angels & Demons (2009) and Inferno (2016). In Charlie Wilson\u2019s War (2007), Hanks appeared as the real-life senator Charlie Wilson, who assisted the Afghan resistance to the Soviets in the 1980s, and he later portrayed a father killed in the September 11 attacks in the drama Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close (2011). For the mystical epic Cloud Atlas (2012), which wove together multiple narratives, he took on six roles, ranging from a 19th-century surgeon to a postapocalyptic tribesman.", "Tom Hanks and Julia Roberts in Charlie Wilson s War (2007). \u00a9 Francois Duhamel\u2014Participant Media, LLC", "In 2013 Hanks made his Broadway debut in Lucky Guy, a play by Ephron based on the life of journalist Mike McAlary, and he captured a Tony Award nomination for his starring performance as the colourful hard-nosed newsman. Later that year he returned to the big screen with Captain Phillips, a drama based on the true story of an American cargo ship hijacked by Somali pirates in 2009, and Saving Mr. Banks, a comedy based on the efforts of Walt Disney to obtain the film rights to P.L. Travers\u2019s novel Mary Poppins (1934). Hanks then portrayed lawyer James B. Donovan, who defended (1957) Soviet spy Rudolf Abel and later orchestrated his 1962 release in exchange for American pilot Francis Gary Powers, in Steven Spielberg\u2019s Cold War drama Bridge of Spies (2015).", "A Hologram for the King (2016), an adaptation of a novel by Dave Eggers, starred Hanks as a salesman who journeys to Saudi Arabia in an attempt to revive his fortunes. Also in 2016 he appeared as the title character in Sully, Clint Eastwood\u2019s drama based on the true story of a commercial airline pilot who made an emergency landing in the Hudson River. After starring in The Circle, Hanks reunited with Spielberg for The Post (both 2017), about publication of the Pentagon Papers. In the drama, he portrayed Ben Bradlee, executive editor of The Washington Post.", "In addition to his acting, Hanks wrote and directed the comedy That Thing You Do! (1996), about a fictional 1960s rock band. He later cowrote, directed, and starred opposite Julia Roberts in the romance Larry Crowne (2011), playing an unemployed man who enrolls in community college. Hanks also produced a number of films and such television miniseries as From the Earth to the Moon (1998), which documents the Apollo space program, and the World War II dramas Band of Brothers (2001) and The Pacific (2010). In 2009 he narrated Beyond All Boundaries, a documentary about World War II that used animation, archival footage, and sensory effects, including shaking seats; the 35-minute film was produced for the National World War II Museum in New Orleans. He also wrote the short-story collection Uncommon Type (2017).", "Hanks was the recipient of numerous acting awards. In addition, he received a Kennedy Center Honor in 2014 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016.", "Steven Spielberg: The 1990s", "Tom Hanks portrayed Captain John Miller, who leads the mission, and the strong cast also includes Matt Damon in the title role, along with Tom Sizemore, Edward Burns, Barry Pepper, Adam Goldberg, Giovanni Ribisi, Ted Danson, and Vin Diesel. Saving Private Ryan was nominated for\u2026", "\u2026intellectually disabled man (played by Tom Hanks) in an unlikely fable that earned critical praise, large audiences, and six Academy Awards, including best picture.\u2026", "drama Philadelphia (1993) starred Tom Hanks in an Oscar-winning turn as a homosexual lawyer fired after being diagnosed with AIDS. Beloved (1998), an adaptation of Toni Morrison\u2019s novel, featured Oprah Winfrey as a former slave haunted by her past misdeeds. Rachel Getting Married (2008) follows a young woman (Anne\u2026", "California State University, extensive system of public institutions of higher education in California, U.S., one of the largest such systems in the country. It has campuses at Bakersfield, Channel Islands (at Camarillo), Chico, Dominguez Hills (at Carson), East Bay, Fresno, Fullerton, Long Beach, Los Angeles, Monterey Bay (at Seaside), Northridge,\u2026", "Cleveland, city, seat (1810) of Cuyahoga county, northeastern Ohio, U.S. It is a major St. Lawrence Seaway port on the southern shore of Lake Erie, at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River. Greater Cleveland sprawls along the lake for about 100 miles (160 km) and runs more than 40 miles\u2026", "More About Tom Hanks", "\u201cForrest Gump\u201d", "In Forrest Gump", "In Jonathan Demme", "In Steven Spielberg: The 1990s", "Turner Classic Movies - Biography of Tom Hanks", "AllMovie - Biography of Tom Hanks", "Los Angeles Times Hollywood Star Walk - Tom Hanks", "Tom Hanks - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)", "\u201cThe Bonfire of the Vanities\u201d", "Sam Rockwell - Facts" ] }, { "url": "https://entertainism.com/complete-list-of-tom-hanks-movies-in-chronological-order", "title": "A Complete List of Tom Hanks Movies in Chronological Order", "content": [ "A Complete List of Tom Hanks Movies in Chronological Order", "Tom Hanks has pretty much ruled the roost in mainstream Hollywood for over two decades now. Entertainism gives you a comprehensive account of this fine actor s commendable body of work.", "Here s to the real Mr. Banks!", "As of 2012, Tom Hanks films have grossed over USD 4.2 billion solely within the United States, along with over USD 8.5 billion worldwide, making him one of the most bankable box office stars in Hollywood.", "With a career spanning over 35 years, Tom Hanks ranks among Hollywood s top brass. Like most of his illustrious contemporaries, Hanks too has dabbled in film production, writing, and direction, besides showcasing his solid acting talents on celluloid.", "His work has earned him numerous nominations, awards, and honors, including a Golden Globe and an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in Philadelphia, and a Golden Globe, an Academy Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and a People s Choice Award for his role in Forrest Gump.", "Hanks collaborated efforts with acclaimed film director Steven Spielberg have given us memorable movies like Saving Private Ryan, Catch Me If You Can, and The Terminal, as well as the 2001 mini-series Band of Brothers, which launched Hanks as a successful director, producer, and writer.", "Here s a decade-wise look at all the movies featuring Tom Hanks.", "Year Movie Character", "1980 He Knows You re Alone Elliot", "1984 Splash Allen Bauer", "Bachelor Party Rick Gassko", "1985 The Man with One Red Shoe Richard Harlan Drew", "Volunteers Lawrence Whatley Bourne III", "1986 The Money Pit Walter Fielding, Jr.", "Nothing in Common David Basner", "Every Time We Say Goodbye David Bradley", "1987 Dragnet Det. Pep Streebek", "1988 Big Josh Baskin", "Punchline Steven Gold", "1989 The Burbs Ray Peterson", "Turner & Hooch Det. Scott Turner", "1990 Joe Versus the Volcano Joe Banks", "The Bonfire of the Vanities Sherman McCoy", "1992 Radio Flyer Older Mike", "A League of Their Own Jimmy Dugan", "1993 Sleepless in Seattle Sam Baldwin", "Philadelphia Andrew Beckett", "1994 Forrest Gump Forrest Gump", "1995 Apollo 13 Jim Lovell", "1996 That Thing You Do! Mr. White", "1998 Saving Private Ryan Captain John H. Miller", "You ve Got Mail Joe Fox", "1999 Toy Story 2 Woody", "The Green Mile Paul Edgecomb", "2000 Cast Away Chuck Noland", "2002 Road to Perdition Michael Sullivan, Sr.", "Catch Me If You Can Carl Hanratty", "2004 The Ladykillers Professor G.H. Dorr", "The Terminal Viktor Navorski", "The Polar Express Multiple characters", "2006 The Da Vinci Code Robert Langdon", "Cars Woody Car", "2007 Charlie Wilson s War Charlie Wilson", "The Simpsons Movie Himself", "2009 The Great Buck Howard Mr. Gable", "Angels & Demons Robert Langdon", "2011 Larry Crowne Larry Crowne", "Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close Thomas Schell Jr.", "2012 Cloud Atlas Several characters", "2013 Captain Phillips Captain Richard Phillips", "Saving Mr. Banks Walt Disney", "In keeping with his powerhouse performances, Tom Hanks upcoming project as an actor happens to be A Hologram For the King, based on the Dave Eggers novel. His numerous fans also await his reappearance as Robert Langdon in Dan Brown s next thriller, The Lost Symbol." ] }, { "url": "https://www.listchallenges.com/complete-list-of-tom-hanks-movies", "title": "Complete List of Tom Hanks Movies", "content": [ "Complete List of Tom Hanks Movies", "A complete list of films Tom Hanks has either appeared in or has helped produce, please select the ones you have seen. (Updated October 2019.)", "made by Stacey.mcculloch91", "Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon (2005)" ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Tom_Hanks", "title": "List of awards and nominations received by Tom Hanks", "content": [ "List of awards and nominations received by Tom Hanks", "Actor, producer and director Tom Hanks has been honored with numerous awards and nominations, including two consecutive Oscars for \"Philadelphia\" (1993) and \"Forrest Gump\" (1994). Tom Hanks has won a total of 50 awards on this list." ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Hanks", "title": "Tom Hanks Wikipedia", "content": [ "Tom Hanks", "Thomas Jeffrey Hanks (born July 9, 1956) is an American actor and filmmaker. Hanks is known for his comedic and dramatic roles in such films as \"Splash\" (1984), \"Big\" (1988), \"Turner & Hooch\" (1989), \"A League of Their Own\" (1992), \"Sleepless in Seattle\" (1993), \"Apollo 13\" (1995), \"Saving Private Ryan\" (1998), \"You've Got Mail\" (1998), \"The Green Mile\" (1999), \"Cast Away\" (2000), \"Road to Perdition\" (2002), \"The Polar Express\" (2004), \"Larry Crowne\" (2011), \"Cloud Atlas\" (2012), \"Captain Phillips\" (2013), \"Saving Mr. Banks\" (2013), and \"Sully\" (2016). He starred in the \"Robert Langdon\" film series, and voices Sheriff Woody in the \"Toy Story\" film series.", "Hanks' films have grossed more than $4.5 billion at U.S. and Canadian box offices and more than $9.0 billion worldwide, making him the third highest-grossing actor in North America. Hanks has been nominated for numerous awards during his career. He won a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in \"Philadelphia\" (1993), as well as a Golden Globe, an Academy Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and a People's Choice Award for Best Actor for \"Forrest Gump\" (1994). In 1995, Hanks became one of only two actors who won the Academy Award for Best Actor in consecutive years, with Spencer Tracy being the other. This feat has not been accomplished since. In 2004, he received the Stanley Kubrick Britannia Award for Excellence in Film from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA). In 2014, he received a Kennedy Center Honor and, in 2016, he received a Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama, as well as the French Legion of Honor.", "Hanks collaborated with film director Steven Spielberg on the films \"Saving Private Ryan\" (1998), \"Catch Me If You Can\" (2002), \"The Terminal\" (2004), \"Bridge of Spies\" (2015), and \"The Post\" (2017), as well as the 2001 miniseries \"Band of Brothers\", which launched Hanks as a successful director, producer, and screenwriter. In 2010, Spielberg and Hanks were executive producers on the HBO miniseries \"The Pacific\".", "Thomas Jeffrey Hanks was born in Concord, California on July 9, 1956, the son of hospital worker Janet Marylyn (\"n\u00e9e\" Frager; died 2016) and itinerant cook Amos Mefford Hanks. His mother was of Portuguese descent (her family's surname was originally \"Fraga\"), while his father had English ancestry. Hanks is a third cousin four times removed of President Abraham Lincoln through Lincoln's mother, Nancy Hanks Lincoln. His parents divorced in 1960. Their three oldest children, Sandra (later Sandra Hanks Benoiton, a writer), Larry (an entomology professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign), and Tom, went with their father, while the youngest, Jim (who also became an actor and filmmaker), remained with their mother in Red Bluff, California. In his childhood, Hanks' family moved often; by the age of 10, he had lived in 10 different houses.", "While Hanks' family religious history was Catholic and Mormon, he has characterized his teenage self as being a \"Bible-toting evangelical\" for several years. In school, he was unpopular with students and teachers alike, later telling \"Rolling Stone\" magazine, \"I was a geek, a spaz. I was horribly, painfully, terribly shy. At the same time, I was the guy who'd yell out funny captions during filmstrips. But I didn't get into trouble. I was always a real good kid and pretty responsible.\" In 1965, his father married Frances Wong, a San Francisco native of Chinese descent. Frances had three children, two of whom lived with Hanks during his high school years. Hanks acted in school plays, including \"South Pacific\", while attending Skyline High School in Oakland, California.", "Hanks studied theater at Chabot College in Hayward, California, and transferred to California State University, Sacramento, two years later. During a 2001 interview with Bob Costas, Hanks was asked whether he would rather have an Oscar or a Heisman Trophy. He replied he would rather win a Heisman by playing halfback for the California Golden Bears. He told \"New York\" magazine in 1986, \"Acting classes looked like the best place for a guy who liked to make a lot of noise and be rather flamboyant. I spent a lot of time going to plays. I wouldn't take dates with me. I'd just drive to a theater, buy myself a ticket, sit in the seat and read the program, and then get into the play completely. I spent a lot of time like that, seeing Brecht, Tennessee Williams, Ibsen, and all that.\"", "During his years studying theater, Hanks met Vincent Dowling, head of the Great Lakes Theater Festival in Cleveland, Ohio. At Dowling's suggestion, Hanks became an intern at the festival. His internship stretched into a three-year experience that covered most aspects of theater production, including lighting, set design, and stage management, prompting Hanks to drop out of college. During the same time, Hanks won the Cleveland Critics Circle Award for Best Actor for his 1978 performance as Proteus in Shakespeare's \"The Two Gentlemen of Verona\", one of the few times he played a villain. \"Time\" magazine named Hanks one of the \"Top 10 College Dropouts.\"", "In 1979, Hanks moved to New York City, where he made his film debut in the low-budget slasher film \"He Knows You're Alone\" (1980) and landed a starring role in the television movie \"Mazes and Monsters\". Early that year, he was cast in the lead, Callimaco, in the Riverside Shakespeare Company's production of Niccol\u00f2 Machiavelli's \"The Mandrake\", directed by Daniel Southern. The following year, Hanks landed one of the lead roles, that of character Kip Wilson, on the ABC television pilot of \"Bosom Buddies\". He and Peter Scolari played a pair of young advertising men forced to dress as women so they could live in an inexpensive all-female hotel. Hanks had previously partnered with Scolari on the 1970s game show \"Make Me Laugh\". After landing the role, Hanks moved to Los Angeles. \"Bosom Buddies\" ran for two seasons, and, although the ratings were never strong, television critics gave the program high marks. \"The first day I saw him on the set,\" co-producer Ian Praiser told \"Rolling Stone\", \"I thought, 'Too bad he won't be in television for long.' I knew he'd be a movie star in two years.\" However, although Praiser knew it, he was not able to convince Hanks. \"The television show had come out of nowhere,\" Hanks' best friend Tom Lizzio told \"Rolling Stone\".", "\"Bosom Buddies\" and a guest appearance on a 1982 episode of \"Happy Days\" (\"A Case of Revenge,\" in which he played a disgruntled former classmate of Fonzie) prompted director Ron Howard to contact Hanks. Howard was working on the film \"Splash\" (1984), a romantic comedy fantasy about a mermaid who falls in love with a human. At first, Howard considered Hanks for the role of the main character's wisecracking brother, a role that eventually went to John Candy. Instead, Hanks landed the lead role in \"Splash\", which went on to become a surprise box office hit, grossing more than US$69\u00a0million. He also had a sizable hit with the sex comedy \"Bachelor Party\", also in 1984. In 1983\u201384, Hanks made three guest appearances on \"Family Ties\" as Elyse Keaton's alcoholic brother, Ned Donnelly.", "With \"Nothing in Common\" (1986)\u00a0\u2013 a story of a young man alienated from his father (played by Jackie Gleason)\u00a0\u2013 Hanks began to extend himself from comedic roles to dramatic roles. In an interview with \"Rolling Stone\" magazine, Hanks commented on his experience: \"It changed my desires about working in movies. Part of it was the nature of the material, what we were trying to say. But besides that, it focused on people's relationships. The story was about a guy and his father, unlike, say, \"The Money Pit\", where the story is really about a guy and his house.\"", "After a few more flops and a moderate success with the comedy \"Dragnet\", Hanks' stature in the film industry rose. The broad success of the fantasy comedy \"Big\" (1988) established Hanks as a major Hollywood talent, both as a box office draw and within the industry as an actor. For his performance in the film, Hanks earned his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor. \"Big\" was followed later that year by \"Punchline\", in which he and Sally Field co-starred as struggling comedians.", "Hanks then suffered a run of box-office underperformers: \"The 'Burbs\" (1989), \"Joe Versus the Volcano\" (1990), and \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" (1990). In the last, he portrayed a greedy Wall Street figure who gets enmeshed in a hit-and-run accident. 1989's \"Turner & Hooch\" was Hanks' only financially successful film of the period.", "Hanks climbed back to the top again with his portrayal of a washed-up baseball legend turned manager in \"A League of Their Own\" (1992). Hanks has stated that his acting in earlier roles was not great, but that he subsequently improved. In an interview with \"Vanity Fair\", Hanks noted his \"\"modern era of moviemaking\u00a0... because enough self-discovery has gone on\u00a0... My work has become less pretentiously fake and over the top\"\". This \"modern era\" began in 1993 for Hanks, first with \"Sleepless in Seattle\" and then with \"Philadelphia\". The former was a blockbuster success about a widower who finds true love over the radio airwaves. Richard Schickel of \"TIME\" called his performance \"charming,\" and most critics agreed that Hanks' portrayal ensured him a place among the premier romantic-comedy stars of his generation.", "In \"Philadelphia\", he played a gay lawyer with AIDS who sues his firm for discrimination. Hanks lost 35 pounds and thinned his hair in order to appear sickly for the role. In a review for \"People\", Leah Rozen stated, \"Above all, credit for \"Philadelphia\"s success belongs to Hanks, who makes sure that he plays a character, not a saint. He is flat-out terrific, giving a deeply felt, carefully nuanced performance that deserves an Oscar.\" Hanks won the 1993 Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in \"Philadelphia\". During his acceptance speech, he revealed that his high school drama teacher Rawley Farnsworth and former classmate John Gilkerson, two people with whom he was close, were gay.", "Hanks followed \"Philadelphia\" with the 1994 hit \"Forrest Gump\" which grossed a worldwide total of over $600 million at the box office. Hanks remarked: \"When I read the script for \"Gump\", I saw it as one of those kind of grand, hopeful movies that the audience can go to and feel\u00a0... some hope for their lot and their position in life\u00a0... I got that from the movies a hundred million times when I was a kid. I still do.\" Hanks won his second Best Actor Academy Award for his role in \"Forrest Gump\", becoming only the second actor to have accomplished the feat of winning consecutive Best Actor Oscars. (Spencer Tracy was the first, winning in 1937\u201338. Hanks and Tracy were the same age at the time they received their Academy Awards: 37 for the first and 38 for the second.)", "Hanks' next role\u2014astronaut and commander Jim Lovell, in the 1995 film \"Apollo 13\"\u2014reunited him with Ron Howard. Critics generally applauded the film and the performances of the entire cast, which included actors Kevin Bacon, Bill Paxton, Gary Sinise, Ed Harris, and Kathleen Quinlan. The movie also earned nine Academy Award nominations, winning two. Later that year, Hanks starred in Disney/Pixar's CGI-animated hit film \"Toy Story\", as the voice of Sheriff Woody.", "Hanks made his directing debut with his 1996 film \"That Thing You Do!\" about a 1960s pop group, also playing the role of a music producer. Hanks and producer Gary Goetzman went on to create Playtone, a record and film production company named after the record company in the film.", "Hanks then executive produced, co-wrote, and co-directed the HBO docudrama \"From the Earth to the Moon\". The 12-part series chronicled the space program from its inception, through the familiar flights of Neil Armstrong and Jim Lovell, to the personal feelings surrounding the reality of moon landings. The Emmy Award-winning project was, at US$68\u00a0million, one of the most expensive ventures undertaken for television.", "In 1998, Hanks' next project was no less expensive. For \"Saving Private Ryan\", he teamed up with Steven Spielberg to make a film about a search through war-torn France after D-Day to bring back a soldier. It earned the praise and respect of the film community, critics, and the general public. It was labeled one of the finest war films ever made and earned Spielberg his second Academy Award for direction, and Hanks another Best Actor nomination. Later that year, Hanks re-teamed with his \"Sleepless in Seattle\" co-star Meg Ryan for \"You've Got Mail\", a remake of 1940's \"The Shop Around the Corner\". In 1999, Hanks starred in an adaptation of the Stephen King novel \"The Green Mile\". He also returned as the voice of Woody in \"Toy Story 2\", the sequel to \"Toy Story\". The following year, he won a Golden Globe for Best Actor and an Academy Award nomination for his portrayal of a marooned FedEx systems analyst in Robert Zemeckis's \"Cast Away\".", "In 2001, Hanks helped direct and produce the Emmy-Award-winning HBO miniseries \"Band of Brothers\". He also appeared in the September 11 television special \"\" and the documentary \"Rescued From the Closet\". He then teamed up with \"American Beauty\" director Sam Mendes for the adaptation of Max Allan Collins's and Richard Piers Rayner's graphic novel \"Road to Perdition\", in which he played an anti-hero role as a hitman on the run with his son. That same year, Hanks collaborated once again with director Spielberg, starring opposite Leonardo DiCaprio in the hit biographical crime drama \"Catch Me If You Can\", based on the true story of Frank Abagnale, Jr. The same year, Hanks and his wife Rita Wilson produced the hit movie \"My Big Fat Greek Wedding\". In August 2007, he along with co-producers Rita Wilson and Gary Goetzman, and writer and star Nia Vardalos, initiated a legal action against the production company Gold Circle Films for their share of profits from the movie. At the age of 45, Hanks became the youngest-ever recipient of the American Film Institute's Life Achievement Award on June 12, 2002.", "In 2004, he appeared in three films: The Coen brothers' \"The Ladykillers\", another Spielberg film, \"The Terminal\", and \"The Polar Express\", a family film from Zemeckis for which Hanks played multiple motion capture roles. In a \"USA Weekend\" interview, Hanks discussed how he chooses projects: \"[Since] \"A League of Their Own\", it can't be just another movie for me. It has to get me going somehow\u00a0... There has to be some all-encompassing desire or feeling about wanting to do that particular movie. I'd like to assume that I'm willing to go down any avenue in order to do it right\". In August 2005, Hanks was voted in as vice president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.", "Hanks next starred in the highly anticipated film \"The Da Vinci Code\", based on the best-selling novel by Dan Brown. The film was released May 19, 2006, in the U.S. and grossed over US$750\u00a0million worldwide. He followed the film with Ken Burns's 2007 documentary \"The War\". For the documentary, Hanks did voice work, reading excerpts from World War II-era columns by Al McIntosh. In 2006, Hanks topped a 1,500-strong list of \"most trusted celebrities\" compiled by \"Forbes\" magazine.", "Hanks next appeared in a cameo role as himself in \"The Simpsons Movie\", in which he appeared in an advertisement claiming that the U.S. government has lost its credibility and is hence buying some of his. He also made an appearance in the credits, expressing a desire to be left alone when he is out in public. Later in 2006, Hanks produced the British film \"Starter for Ten\", a comedy based on working-class students attempting to win on \"University Challenge\".", "In 2007, Hanks starred in Mike Nichols's film \"Charlie Wilson's War\" (written by screenwriter Aaron Sorkin) in which he played Democratic Texas Congressman Charles Wilson. The film opened on December 21, 2007, and Hanks received a Golden Globe nomination. In the comedy-drama film \"The Great Buck Howard\" (2008), Hanks played the on-screen father of a young man (played by Hanks' real-life son, Colin) who chooses to work as road manager for a fading mentalist (John Malkovich). His character was less than thrilled about his son's career decision. In the same year, he executive produced the musical comedy, \"Mamma Mia\" and the miniseries, \"John Adams\".", "Hanks' next endeavor, released on May 15, 2009, was a film adaptation of \"Angels & Demons\", based on the novel of the same name by Dan Brown. Its April 11, 2007, announcement revealed that Hanks would reprise his role as Robert Langdon, and that he would reportedly receive the highest salary ever for an actor. The following day he made his 10th appearance on NBC's \"Saturday Night Live\", impersonating himself for the \"Celebrity Jeopardy\" sketch. Hanks produced the Spike Jonze film \"Where The Wild Things Are\", based on the children's book by Maurice Sendak in 2009.", "In 2010, Hanks reprised his voice role of Woody in \"Toy Story 3\", after he, Tim Allen, and John Ratzenberger were invited to a movie theater to see a complete story reel of the movie. The film went on to become the first animated film to gross a worldwide total of over $1 billion as well as the highest-grossing animated film at the time. He also was executive producer of the miniseries, \"The Pacific\".", "In 2011, he directed and starred opposite Julia Roberts in the title role in the romantic comedy \"Larry Crowne\". The movie received poor reviews, with only 35% of the 175 Rotten Tomatoes reviews giving it high ratings. Also in 2011, he starred in the drama film \"Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close\". In 2012, he voiced the character Cleveland Carr for a web series he created titled \"Electric City\". He also starred in the Wachowskis-directed film adaptation of the novel of the same name, \"Cloud Atlas\" and was executive producer of the miniseries \"Game Change\".", "In 2013, Hanks starred in two critically acclaimed films\u2014\"Captain Phillips \"and\" Saving Mr. Banks\u2014\"which each earned him praise, including nominations for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor\u00a0\u2013 Motion Picture Drama for the former role. In \"Captain Phillips\", he starred as Captain Richard Phillips with Barkhad Abdi, which was based on the Maersk Alabama hijacking. In \"Saving Mr. Banks\", co-starring Emma Thompson and directed by John Lee Hancock, he played Walt Disney, being the first actor to portray Disney in a mainstream film. That same year, Hanks made his Broadway debut, starring in Nora Ephron's \"Lucky Guy\", for which he was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play.", "In 2014, Hanks' short story \"Alan Bean Plus Four\" was published in the October 27 issue of \"The New Yorker\". Revolving around four friends who make a voyage to the moon, the short story is titled after the Apollo 12 astronaut Alan Bean. \"Slate\" magazine's Katy Waldman found Hanks' first published short story \"mediocre\", writing that \"Hanks' shopworn ideas about technology might have yet sung if they hadn't been wrapped in too-clever lit mag-ese\". In an interview with \"The New Yorker\", Hanks said he has always been fascinated by space. He told the magazine that he built plastic models of rockets when he was a child and watched live broadcasts of space missions back in the 1960s.", "In March 2015, Hanks appeared in the Carly Rae Jepsen music video for \"I Really Like You\", lip-syncing most of the song's lyrics as he goes through his daily routine. His next film was the Steven Spielberg-directed historical drama \"Bridge of Spies\", in which he played lawyer James B. Donovan who negotiated for the release of pilot Francis Gary Powers by the Soviet Union in exchange for KGB spy Rudolf Abel. It was released in October 2015 to a positive reception. In April 2016, Hanks starred as Alan Clay in the comedy-drama \"A Hologram for the King\", an adaptation of the 2012 novel of the same name.", "Hanks starred as airline captain Chesley Sullenberger in Clint Eastwood's \"Sully\", which was released in September 2016. He next reprised his role as Robert Langdon in \"Inferno\" (2016), and co-starred alongside Emma Watson in the 2017 science fiction drama \"The Circle\". He voiced David S. Pumpkins in \"The David S. Pumpkins Animated Halloween Special\", which aired October 28, 2017, on NBC, a character he had portrayed in episodes of \"Saturday Night Live\".", "Hanks supports same-sex marriage, environmental causes, and alternative fuels. He has donated to many Democratic politicians, and during the 2008 United States presidential election uploaded a video to his MySpace account endorsing Barack Obama. He also narrated a 2012 documentary, \"The Road We've Traveled,\" created by Obama for America. In 2016, Hanks endorsed Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election.", "Hanks was outspoken about his opposition to the 2008 Proposition 8, an amendment to the California constitution that defined marriage as a union only between a man and a woman. Hanks and others raised over US$44\u00a0million to campaign against the proposition, in contrast to the supporters' $39\u00a0million, but Proposition 8 passed with 52% of the vote. It was overruled in June 2013, when the Ninth Circuit lifted its stay of the district court's ruling, enabling Governor Jerry Brown to order same-sex marriage officiations to resume. While premiering a TV series in January 2009, Hanks called supporters of Proposition 8 \"un-American\" and criticized the LDS Church members, who were major proponents of the bill, for their views on marriage and role in supporting the bill. About a week later, he apologized for the remark, saying that nothing is more American than voting one's conscience.", "A proponent of environmentalism, Hanks is an investor in electric vehicles and owns a Toyota RAV4 EV and the first production AC Propulsion eBox. He was a lessee of an EV1 before it was recalled, as chronicled in the documentary \"Who Killed the Electric Car?\" He was on the waiting list for an Aptera 2 Series.", "Hanks serves as campaign chair of the Hidden Heroes Campaign of the Elizabeth Dole Foundation. The stated mission of the campaign is to inspire a national movement to more effectively support military and veteran caregivers.", "A supporter of NASA's manned space program, Hanks said he originally wanted to be an astronaut. Hanks is a member of the National Space Society, serving on the Board of governors of the nonprofit educational space advocacy organization founded by Dr. Wernher von Braun. He also produced the HBO miniseries \"From the Earth to the Moon\" about the Apollo program to send astronauts to the moon. In addition, Hanks co-wrote and co-produced \"\", an IMAX film about the moon landings. Hanks provided the voice-over for the premiere of the show \"Passport to the Universe\" at the Rose Center for Earth and Space in the Hayden Planetarium at the American Museum of Natural History in New York.", "In 2006, the Space Foundation awarded Hanks the Douglas S. Morrow Public Outreach Award, given annually to an individual or organization that has made significant contributions to public awareness of space programs.", "In June 2006, Hanks was inducted as an honorary member of the United States Army Rangers Hall of Fame for his accurate portrayal of a captain in the movie \"Saving Private Ryan\"; Hanks, who was unable to attend the induction ceremony, was the first actor to receive such an honor. In addition to his role in \"Saving Private Ryan\", Hanks was cited for serving as the national spokesperson for the World War II Memorial Campaign, for being the honorary chairperson of the D-Day Museum Capital Campaign, and for his role in writing and helping to produce the Emmy Award\u2013winning miniseries, \"Band of Brothers\". On March 10, 2008, Hanks was on hand at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame to induct The Dave Clark Five.", "Hanks is a collector of manual typewriters and uses them almost daily. In August 2014, Hanks released Hanx Writer, an iOS app meant to emulate the experience of using a typewriter; within days the free app reached number one on the App Store.", "In November 2014, Hanks said he would publish a collection of short stories inspired by his typewriter collection. The book, \"Uncommon Type\", was published in 2017.", "Hanks is perceived to be amiable and congenial to his fans. He has frequently been referred to as \"America's Dad\". In 2013, when he was starring in Nora Ephron's \"Lucky Guy\" on Broadway, he had crowds of 300 fans waiting for a glimpse of him after every performance. This is the highest number of expectant fans post-show of any Broadway performance.", "Hanks is ranked as the third highest all-time box office star in North America, with a total gross of over $4.5\u00a0billion at the North American box office, an average of $100.8\u00a0million per film. Worldwide, his films have grossed over $9.0\u00a0billion.", "Asteroid is named after him.", "Hanks was married to American actress Samantha Lewes from 1978. They had one son, actor Colin Hanks (born 1977), and one daughter, Elizabeth Hanks (born 1982).", "In 1981, Hanks met actress Rita Wilson on the set of TV comedy \"Bosom Buddies\" (1980-1982). They were reunited in 1985 on the set of \"Volunteers\".", "Hanks and Samantha Lewes divorced in 1987.", "In 1988, Hanks married actress Rita Wilson. They have two sons. The oldest, Chester Marlon \"Chet\" Hanks, had a minor role as a student in \"Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull\" and released a rap song in 2011. Their youngest, Truman Theodore, was born in 1995.", "Before marrying Wilson, Hanks converted to the Greek Orthodox Church, the religion of Wilson and her family. He said, \"I must say that when I go to church\u2014and I do go to church\u2014I ponder the mystery. I meditate on the 'why?' of 'why people are as they are' and 'why bad things happen to good people,' and 'why good things happen to bad people'\u00a0... The mystery is what I think is, almost, the grand unifying theory of all mankind.\"", "On October 7, 2013, on \"The Late Show with David Letterman\", Hanks announced that he has Type 2 diabetes." ] } ] }, "timestamp": null }, { "action": "Wizard => SearchAgent", "text": "tom hanks oscars", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077977 }, { "action": "SearchAgent => Wizard", "text": "", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000158/", "title": "Tom Hanks IMDb", "content": [ "Producer | Actor | Soundtrack", "Thomas Jeffrey Hanks was born in Concord, California, to Janet Marylyn (Frager), a hospital worker, and Amos Mefford Hanks, an itinerant cook. His mother s family, originally surnamed Fraga , was entirely Portuguese, while his father was of mostly English ancestry. Tom grew up in what he has called a fractured family. He moved around a great ... See full bio \u00bb", "July 9, 1956 in Concord, California, USA", "Forrest Gump Star Gary Sinise Receives a Tear-Jerking Tribute For His Military Charity Work", "This Is Us: Susan Kelechi Watson on How Beth Is Finding Her Identity Apart From Randall", "Lego\u2019s new Toy Story 4 tie-in sets unveiled", "Sun, Feb 17 12:30 AM EST on AMC (277)", "Agent Zigzag", "A Wilderness of Monkeys", "Untitled Battle of the Sexes Project", "Untitled Barry Manilow Project", "Editors Picks: Our Favorites From the Week of Nov. 11", "10 Paul Newman Facts You May Not Know", "Top 25 Best Performances By A Leading Man", "Talented & Hardworking Artists", "How much of Tom Hanks s work have you seen?", "Clich\u00e9s in Romantic Movies", "Highest grossing movie-stars - where it all began", "Not Every Tom, Dick And Harry Can Act", "If it Weren t Bryan Cranston, Who Else Could Best Pull Off the Role of Walter White?", "Which male gave the greatest performance in a Mike Nichols film?", "Cast Away Producer", "Saving Private Ryan Captain Miller", "Big Josh", "Jump to: Producer | Actor | Soundtrack | Writer | Director | Thanks | Self | Archive footage", "Lewis and Clark (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 6 episodes) (announced)", "A Man Called Ove (producer) (announced)", "Beautiful (producer) (announced)", "2020 No Better Place to Die (executive producer) (announced)", "2019 Greyhound (producer) (post-production)", "2018 The 2000s (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 7 episodes)", "- I Want My MP3 (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- Yes We Can (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- The Financial Crisis (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- The i Decade (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- Quagmire: Bush s Second Term (2018) ... (executive producer)", "2018 Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again (executive producer)", "2018 1968: The Year That Changed America (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 4 episodes)", "- Part Four: Fall (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- Part Three: Summer (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- Part Two: Spring (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- Part One: Winter (2018) ... (executive producer)", "2017 Mark Felt: The Man Who Brought Down the White House (producer)", "2017 The Nineties (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 7 episodes)", "- Isn t It Ironic (2017) ... (executive producer)", "- The Information Age (2017) ... (executive producer)", "- Terrorism Hits Home (2017) ... (executive producer)", "- New World Order (2017) ... (executive producer)", "- Can We All Get Along? (2017) ... (executive producer)", "2017 The 2017 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony (TV Movie) (executive producer)", "2016 The Eighties (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 7 episodes)", "- The Tech Boom (2016) ... (executive producer)", "- The Fight Against AIDS (2016) ... (executive producer)", "- Video Killed the Radio Star (2016) ... (executive producer)", "- Greed Is Good (2016) ... (executive producer)", "- Tear Down This Wall (2016) ... (executive producer)", "2016 My Big Fat Greek Wedding 2 (producer)", "2015 Ithaca (executive producer)", "2015 The Seventies (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 8 episodes)", "- What s Goin On (2015) ... (executive producer)", "- Terror at Home and Abroad (2015) ... (executive producer)", "- Battle of the Sexes (2015) ... (executive producer)", "- The State of the Union Is Not Good (2015) ... (executive producer)", "- Crimes & Cults (2015) ... (executive producer)", "2014 The Concert for Valor (TV Special) (executive producer)", "2014 Olive Kitteridge (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 4 episodes)", "- Security (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- A Different Road (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- Incoming Tide (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- Pharmacy (2014) ... (executive producer)", "2014 The Sixties (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 10 episodes)", "- Sex, Drugs and Rock N Roll (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- The Times They Are A-Changin (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- 1968 (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- The Space Race (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- The British Invasion (2014) ... (executive producer)", "2013 The Assassination of President Kennedy (TV Movie documentary) (executive producer)", "2013 Parkland (producer)", "2013 The 2013 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony (TV Special) (executive producer)", "2012 Electric City (TV Series short) (producer)", "2012 Game Change (TV Movie) (executive producer)", "2011 He Has Seen War (Documentary) (executive producer)", "2011 Larry Crowne (producer)", "2011 The 3 Minute Talk Show (TV Series) (executive producer - 12 episodes)", "- Robin Williams (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Jimmy Fallon/Rico Rodriguez (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Wilmer Valderrama (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Nia Vardalos (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Lance Bass (2011) ... (executive producer)", "2006-2011 Big Love (TV Series) (executive producer - 51 episodes)", "- Where Men and Mountains Meet (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Exorcism (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- The Noose Tightens (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Til Death Do Us Part (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- D.I.V.O.R.C.E. (2011) ... (executive producer)", "2010 The Pacific (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 10 episodes)", "- Home (2010) ... (executive producer)", "- Okinawa (2010) ... (executive producer)", "- Iwo Jima (2010) ... (executive producer)", "- Peleliu Hills (2010) ... (executive producer)", "- Peleliu Airfield (2010) ... (executive producer)", "2009 The 25th Anniversary Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Concert (TV Special) (executive producer)", "2009 Beyond All Boundaries (Short) (executive producer)", "2009 Where the Wild Things Are (producer)", "2009 My Life in Ruins (executive producer)", "2008 City of Ember (producer)", "2008 Mamma Mia! (executive producer)", "2008 David McCullough: Painting with Words (TV Movie documentary) (producer)", "2008 John Adams (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 7 episodes)", "- Peacefield (2008) ... (executive producer)", "- Unnecessary War (2008) ... (executive producer)", "- Unite or Die (2008) ... (executive producer)", "- Reunion (2008) ... (executive producer)", "- Don t Tread on Me (2008) ... (executive producer)", "2008 The Great Buck Howard (producer)", "2007 Charlie Wilson s War (producer)", "2007 Evan Almighty (executive producer)", "2007 Big Love: In the Beginning (TV Series) (executive producer - 3 episodes)", "- Post-Partum (2007) ... (executive producer)", "- Moving Day (2007) ... (executive producer)", "- Meet the Babysitter (2007) ... (executive producer)", "2006 Starter for 10 (producer)", "2006 The Ant Bully (producer)", "2006 Neil Young: Heart of Gold (Documentary) (producer)", "2005 We re with the Band (TV Movie documentary) (producer)", "2005 Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon 3D (Documentary short) (producer)", "2004 The Polar Express (executive producer)", "2004 Connie and Carla (producer)", "2003 My Big Fat Greek Life (TV Series) (executive producer)", "2002 My Big Fat Greek Wedding (producer)", "2001 We Stand Alone Together (TV Movie documentary) (executive producer)", "2001 Band of Brothers (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 10 episodes)", "- Points (2001) ... (executive producer)", "- Why We Fight (2001) ... (executive producer)", "- The Last Patrol (2001) ... (executive producer)", "- The Breaking Point (2001) ... (executive producer)", "- Bastogne (2001) ... (executive producer)", "2000 West Point (TV Series) (executive producer - 2000)", "2000 Cast Away (producer)", "2000 American Experience (TV Series documentary) (producer - 1 episode)", "- Return with Honor (2000) ... (producer)", "1998 From the Earth to the Moon (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 12 episodes)", "- The Original Wives Club (1998) ... (executive producer)", "- Le voyage dans la lune (1998) ... (executive producer)", "- Galileo Was Right (1998) ... (executive producer)", "- For Miles and Miles (1998) ... (executive producer)", "- We Interrupt This Program (1998) ... (executive producer)", "A Man Called Ove (announced)", "2020 BIOS (pre-production)", "2019 A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood (post-production)", "2019 Toy Story 4 (post-production)", "2019 Greyhound (post-production)", "2017 The David S. Pumpkins Halloween Special (TV Short)", "2017/I The Circle", "2016/I Inferno", "2016 Sully", "Chesley Sully Sullenberger", "2016 Maya & Marty (TV Series)", "- Jimmy Fallon & Miley Cyrus (2016) ... Gene", "2016 A Hologram for the King", "Matthew Macauley", "2015 Bridge of Spies", "2015 Carly Rae Jepsen: I Really Like You (Video short)", "2014 Toy Story That Time Forgot (TV Short)", "2013 Saving Mr. Banks", "2013 Toy Story of Terror (TV Short)", "2013 Captain Phillips", "2012 Cloud Atlas", "Dr. Henry Goose / Hotel Manager / Isaac Sachs / ...", "2012 Electric City (TV Series short)", "- People Like a Good Show (2012) ... Cleveland Carr (voice)", "- No One Is Untraceable (2012) ... Cleveland Carr (voice)", "- Illumination Night (2012) ... Cleveland Carr (voice)", "- The Outside (2012) ... Cleveland Carr (voice)", "- Such Beauty from a Box (2012) ... Cleveland Carr (voice)", "2011 Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close", "Thomas Schell", "2011 Toy Story Toons: Small Fry (Short)", "- Leroy Petry (2011) ... James Lovell", "2011 Larry Crowne", "- 100: Part 2 (2011) ... Tom Hanks", "2010 The Pacific (TV Mini-Series)", "- Okinawa (2010) ... Narrator (voice, uncredited)", "- Peleliu Hills (2010) ... Narrator (voice, uncredited)", "- Peleliu Airfield (2010) ... Narrator (voice, uncredited)", "- Gloucester/Pavuvu/Banika (2010) ... Narrator (voice, uncredited)", "- Melbourne (2010) ... Narrator (voice, uncredited)", "2009 Beyond All Boundaries (Short)", "Emergency Button Guest / Provider of Sound Effects / Dr. Robert Langdon - Cookie Hunter", "- Episode #17.26 (2009) ... Emergency Button Guest", "- Episode #16.143 (2009) ... Provider of Sound Effects (uncredited)", "- Episode #16.141 (2009) ... Dr. Robert Langdon - Cookie Hunter (uncredited)", "2008 The Great Buck Howard", "Mr. Gable", "2007 Charlie Wilson s War", "2007 The Simpsons Movie", "Tom Hanks (voice)", "Woody Car (voice)", "2004 The Rutles 2: Can t Buy Me Lunch (TV Movie)", "Tom Hanks - Interviewee", "Hero Boy / Father / Conductor / ...", "2004 Elvis Has Left the Building", "Mailbox Elvis", "Viktor Navorski", "Professor G.H. Dorr", "Abraham Lincoln / Charles E. Wood / Jacob Coxey / ...", "- Whose Land Is This? (2003) ... Charles E. Wood", "- Working for Freedom (2003) ... Jacob Coxey", "- Wake Up America (2003) ... Reporter", "- Liberty for All (2003) ... Daniel Boone", "- Independence (2003) ... Paul Revere", "French Officer / British Officer", "- Why We Fight (2001) ... French Officer (uncredited)", "- Crossroads (2001) ... British Officer (uncredited)", "2000 Cast Away", "1999 The Green Mile", "1998 Saving Private Ryan", "1998 From the Earth to the Moon (TV Mini-Series)", "Jean-Luc Despont", "- Le voyage dans la lune (1998) ... Jean-Luc Despont", "1997 The Wonderful World of Disney (TV Series)", "- Toy Story (1997) ... Woody (voice)", "1996 That Thing You Do!", "1995/I Apollo 13", "1994 Vault of Horror I (TV Movie)", "1994 Forrest Gump", "1994 Bruce Springsteen: Streets of Philadelphia (Video short)", "Trouble Boy #1", "- I ll Be Waiting (1993) ... Trouble Boy #1", "1992 A League of Their Own", "Jimmy Dugan", "- None But the Lonely Heart (1992) ... Baxter", "1992 Radio Flyer", "Older Mike (uncredited)", "Sherman McCoy", "1990 Joe Versus the Volcano", "1989 Turner & Hooch", "1989 The Burbs", "1988 Punchline", "1987 Dragnet", "1986 Every Time We Say Goodbye", "1986 Nothing in Common", "David Basner", "1986 The Money Pit", "Walter Fielding", "Lawrence Bourne III", "1985 The Man with One Red Shoe", "1984 Bachelor Party", "Rick Gassko", "1983-1984 Family Ties (TV Series)", "Ned Donnelly", "- Say Uncle (1984) ... Ned Donnelly", "- The Fugitive: Part 2 (1983) ... Ned Donnelly", "1982 Mazes and Monsters (TV Movie)", "1982 Happy Days (TV Series)", "Dr. Dwayne Twitchell", "- A Little Case of Revenge (1982) ... Dr. Dwayne Twitchell", "1982 Taxi (TV Series)", "- The Road Not Taken: Part 1 (1982) ... Gordon", "1980-1982 Bosom Buddies (TV Series)", "Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- Not the Last Picture Show (1982) ... Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- Not with My Sister, You Pig (1982) ... Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- Who s on Thirst? (1982) ... Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- The Way Kip and Henry Were (1982) ... Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- Hildy s Dirt Nap (1982) ... Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- Sergeant Bull/Friends and Lovers/Miss Mother (1980) ... Rick Martin", "1980 He Knows You re Alone", "- Episode dated 26 October 2016 (2016) ... (performer: Big Rap - uncredited)", "2016 Lorraine (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode)", "2016 A Hologram for the King (performer: Once In A Lifetime )", "2015 The Late Late Show with James Corden (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode)", "- Tom Hanks/Mila Kunis (2015) ... (performer: You ve Got a Friend in Me - uncredited)", "2013 Saving Mr. Banks (performer: A Man Has Dreams )", "2011 30 Rock (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode)", "- 100: Part 2 (2011) ... (performer: My Life - uncredited)", "- Tom Hanks/Red Hot Chili Peppers (2006) ... (performer: Please Don t Cut My Testicles )", "2004 The Polar Express (performer: The Polar Express , Hot Chocolate )", "2002 Road to Perdition (performer: Perdition - Piano Duet (2002))", "2000 Cast Away (performer: Light My Fire )", "1999 Toy Story 2 (performer: You ve Got a Friend in Me )", "1996 That Thing You Do! (writer: Lovin You Lots and Lots , It s Not Far , La Se\u00f1ora De Dos Costas , Mr. Downtown , Voyage Around the Moon , Hold My Hand, Hold My Heart , Will You Marry Me? , Spartacus , Hollywood Showcase Theme )", "1990 Joe Versus the Volcano (performer: The Cowboy Song )", "1987 Dragnet (performer: City of Crime )", "1980-1982 Bosom Buddies (TV Series) (performer - 4 episodes)", "- The Way Kip and Henry Were (1982) ... (performer: Stay )", "- The Show Must Go On (1981) ... (performer: Breaking Up Is Hard to Do )", "- Loathe Thy Neighbor (1980) ... (performer: It s Not Unusual )", "- Pilot (1980) ... (performer: Macho Man )", "2019 Greyhound (screenplay) (post-production)", "2012 Electric City (TV Series short) (creator - 2 episodes)", "- The Voice of the City (2012) ... (creator)", "- Truth or Consequence (2012) ... (creator)", "2011 Larry Crowne (written by)", "2005 Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon 3D (Documentary short) (written by)", "2001 Band of Brothers (TV Mini-Series) (teleplay - 1 episode)", "- Currahee (2001) ... (teleplay)", "1998 From the Earth to the Moon (TV Mini-Series) (written by - 4 episodes)", "- The Original Wives Club (1998) ... (written by)", "- Le voyage dans la lune (1998) ... (written by)", "- That s All There Is (1998) ... (written by)", "- Mare Tranquilitatis (1998) ... (written by)", "1996 That Thing You Do! (written by)", "2001 Band of Brothers (TV Mini-Series) (1 episode)", "- Crossroads (2001)", "1998 From the Earth to the Moon (TV Mini-Series) (1 episode)", "- Can We Do This? (1998)", "1994 Vault of Horror I (TV Movie) (segment None but the lonely heart )", "1993 Fallen Angels (TV Series) (1 episode)", "- I ll Be Waiting (1993)", "1993 A League of Their Own (TV Series) (1 episode)", "- The Monkey s Curse (1993)", "1992 Tales from the Crypt (TV Series) (1 episode)", "- None But the Lonely Heart (1992)", "2018/I Generations (very special thanks)", "2018 Sweding: Boss in the gym (Short) (special thanks)", "2017 Name That Film (TV Series) (special thanks - 1 episode)", "- She Did It Right (2017) ... (special thanks)", "2014 Walking the Mile (Director s Cut) (Video documentary) (special thanks)", "2011 The Extraordinary Voyage (Documentary) (many thanks)", "2011 Corman s World: Exploits of a Hollywood Rebel (Documentary) (thanks)", "2010/I I m Still Here (special thanks)", "2010/II Morning (special thanks)", "2009 All the Presidents Movies: The Movie (Documentary) (thanks)", "2008 Surfer, Dude (very special thanks)", "2008 The Wackness (very special thanks)", "2007 Lose Weight with Cancer (Short) (very special thanks)", "2006 The Sci-Fi Boys (Documentary) (special thanks)", "2006 Who Killed the Electric Car? (Documentary) (special thanks)", "2004 The Polar Express (Video Game) (special thanks)", "2003 Concert for George (Video documentary) (special thanks)", "2002 Making a Splash (Video documentary short) (thanks)", "2001 The Making of Band of Brothers (TV Short documentary) (special thanks)", "2000 Walking the Mile (Video documentary short) (special thanks)", "1996 Lost Moon: The Triumph of Apollo 13 (Video documentary) (special thanks)", "1995 The Crypt Keeper Presents: A Spine-Tingling Look at Tales from the Crypt (Documentary short) (special thanks)", "- Tom Hanks (2019) ... Himself - Guest", "- If Visions of Sugarplums Last More Than Four Hours, Please Call Your Physician (2013) ... Himself - Guest", "- 50,000,000 Connie Selleca Fans Can t Be Wrong (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Murder, She Tweeted (2010) ... Himself - Guest", "2018 The Mayo Clinic, Faith, Hope and Science (TV Movie documentary)", "2018 Quincy (Documentary)", "2018 Beyond Boundaries: The Harvey Weinstein Scandal (Documentary)", "2018 The 2000s (TV Series documentary)", "- The i Decade (2018) ... Himself - Actor", "- The Platinum Age Of Television (2018) ... Himself - Actor", "Himself - Executive Producer / Himself - Plays Ben Bradlee / Himself - Guest", "- Episode dated 17 July 2018 (2018) ... Himself - Executive Producer", "- Episode dated 11 January 2018 (2018) ... Himself - Plays Ben Bradlee", "Himself / Robert Langdon", "- Part Four: Fall (2018) ... Himself - Actor", "- Part Two: Spring (2018) ... Himself - Actor", "- Part One: Winter (2018) ... Himself - Actor", "2018 The Post: Stop the Presses - Filming the Post (Documentary short)", "2018 The Post: The Style Section - Re-Creating an Era (Documentary short)", "2018 C \u00e0 vous (TV Series)", "- Tom Hanks/Maisie Williams/Anthony Joshua/First Aid Kit (2018) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Joseph Gordon-Levitt/Gemma Arterton/Mo Farah/Olly Murs (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Peter Capaldi/David Walliams/Duran Duran (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Nicole Scherzinger/Simon Pegg (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Meryl Streep (2018) ... Himself - Guest", "- Ellen s Season 14 Premiere Week: Day 4 (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Andrew McCutchen (2013) ... Himself - Guest", "- Jodie Foster/Tom Hanks (2017) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Katy Tur/Mac DeMarco (2017) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Anna Baryshnikov (2017) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Adam Conover (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Leslie Odom, Jr./The Strumbellas/Roy Haynes (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- Meryl Streep; Tom Hanks; Mark Weinberg (2017) ... Himself - Guest", "2017 The Axe Files (TV Series)", "- Tom Hanks (2017) ... Himself", "2014-2017 Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (TV Series)", "- Presidency of Donald Trump (2017) ... Himself - Guest", "- The Lottery (2014) ... Himself - Guest", "2017 Amy Adams: An American Cinematheque Tribute (TV Movie)", "Himself - Guest / Himself - Author, Uncommon Type", "- Episode #40.4 (2017) ... Himself - Author, Uncommon Type", "2017 Spielberg (TV Movie documentary)", "2017 XQ Super School Live (TV Movie)", "- The One About TV (2017) ... Himself - Actor", "Himself - Host / Himself / Various / ...", "- Dwayne Johnson/Katy Perry (2017) ... Himself / David S. Pimpkins (uncredited)", "- Tom Hanks/Lady Gaga (2016) ... Himself - Host / Sully / David S. Pumpkins", "- Justin Timberlake (2013) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- Martin Short/Paul McCartney (2012) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- Bruno Mars (2012) ... Himself / Kerry Lapkis / Robot (uncredited)", "2017 Ken Burns: America s Storyteller (TV Movie documentary)", "2017 Tom Brokaw at NBC News: The First 50 Years (TV Movie documentary)", "2017 Inferno: A Look at Langdon (Video documentary short)", "2017 Inferno: The Overpopulation Debate (Video documentary short)", "2017 Inferno: This Is Sienna Brooks (Video documentary short)", "2017 Inferno: Visions of Hell (Video documentary short)", "2017 Through Hell and Back: Dante s Enduring Influence (Video documentary short)", "Himself - Winner & Nominee", "2017 Taking the Stage: African American Music and Stories That Changed America (TV Special)", "2016 Sully: Neck Deep in the Hudson: - Shooting Sully (Video documentary short)", "2016 The British Academy Britannia Awards (TV Special)", "- Inferno/American Pastoral (2016) ... Himself", "- Phil Collins/Nico Tortorella/Tom Hanks & the Cast of Inferno (2016) ... Himself", "- Halloween Hacks!!! Week: Day 3 (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Carey Mulligan (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Diana Nyad (2013) ... Himself - Guest", "2016 Tom Hanks: A League of His Own (Documentary)", "- Episode dated 19 February 2009 (2009) ... Himself - Interviewee", "2016 Launching a Legacy: Interviews with Tom Hanks, Ron Howard, Dan Brown and Brian Grazer (Video documentary short)", "2016 Defying the Nazis: The Sharps War (Documentary)", "Waitstill Sharp (voice)", "- Tom Hanks/Kaleo (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- After the Oscars 2014 (2014) ... Himself - Guest", "- Jimmy Kimmel Live: After the Academy Awards (2012) ... Himself - Guest", "- After the Academy Awards (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "2016 California Typewriter (Documentary)", "2016 The Peter Austin Noto Show (TV Series)", "- The Tech Boom (2016) ... Himself - Actor", "- The Fight Against AIDS (2016) ... Himself - Actor", "- Raised on Television (2016) ... Himself - Actor", "2016 AFI Life Achievement Award: A Tribute to John Williams (TV Special)", "Woody - Presenter (voice)", "2016 A Case of the Cold War: Bridge of Spies (Video documentary short)", "2016 Berlin 1961: Re-Creating the Divide (Video documentary short)", "2016 Spy Swap : Looking Back on the Final Act (Video documentary short)", "2016 U-2 Spy Plane (Video documentary short)", "- Mike Nichols (2016) ... Himself", "- Inventing David Geffen (2012) ... Himself", "2015 Toy Story at 20: To Infinity and Beyond (TV Movie documentary)", "Himself - Woody", "- Tom Hanks/Jessica Chastain/Pentatonix (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "2015 The Seventies (TV Series documentary)", "- What s Goin On (2015) ... Himself - Actor", "- Television Gets Real (2015) ... Himself - Actor", "- I Really Like You Without Music (Carly Rae Jepsen) (2015) ... Himself", "2015 AFI Life Achievement Award: A Tribute to Steve Martin (TV Special)", "Himself - Pre-Taped Message", "- Tom Hanks/Eddie Vedder (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Sturgill Simpson (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Two Door Cinema Club (2013) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/cast of Pippin (2013) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Mila Kunis (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "2015 Misery Loves Comedy (Documentary)", "2015 Mulaney (TV Series)", "- French Roast (2015) ... Himself (uncredited)", "2014 The National Christmas Tree Lighting (TV Special)", "2014 The Concert for Valor (TV Special)", "2014 The Sixties (TV Series documentary)", "Himself - Actor / Producer", "- The Space Race (2014) ... Himself - Actor / Producer", "- The British Invasion (2014) ... Himself - Actor", "- When Television Came of Age (2014) ... Himself - Actor", "2014 Glad All Over: The Dave Clark Five and Beyond (TV Movie documentary)", "2014 EE British Academy Film Awards: The Red Carpet Show (TV Special)", "2014 The Night That Changed America: A Grammy Salute to the Beatles (TV Special)", "Himself (audience) (uncredited)", "2014 The Greatest Event in Television History (TV Series)", "- Bosom Buddies (2014) ... Himself", "2014 Capturing Captain Phillips (Video documentary)", "Himself - Nominee & Presenter (uncredited)", "2013 Asaichi (TV Series)", "- Episode dated 15 November 2013 (2013) ... Himself (as Tomu Hankusu)", "2013 Smap\u00d7Smap (TV Series)", "- Mitch Daniels (2012) ... Himself - Guest", "2013 Vanity Fair s Hollywood (TV Movie documentary)", "2013 Killing Lincoln (TV Movie)", "- Wetten, dass..? aus Bremen (2012) ... Himself", "- Wetten, dass..? aus B\u00f6blingen (2003) ... Himself", "2012 Night of Too Many Stars: America Comes Together for Autism Programs (TV Special)", "2012 Radioman (Documentary)", "2012 The Road We ve Traveled (Documentary short)", "2012 The Rosie Show (TV Series)", "- A Tribute to Penny Marshall (2012) ... Himself - Guest", "2011/II Rebuild (Documentary short)", "2011 Steve Jobs: One Last Thing (TV Movie documentary)", "2011 Prohibition (TV Mini-Series documentary)", "- A Nation of Scofflaws (2011) ... Reader (voice)", "- A Nation of Drunkards (2011) ... Reader (voice)", "2011 Boatlift (Documentary short)", "- Tom Hanks Talks Toy Story 4 (for the first time) and Larry Crowne! (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Oprah s Farewell Spectacular, Part 2 (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Oprah s Farewell Spectacular: Part 1 (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks and Julia Roberts Their Oprah Show Farewell (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks (2011) ... Himself - Interviewee", "2011 The 3 Minute Talk Show (TV Series)", "2011 Corman s World: Exploits of a Hollywood Rebel (Documentary)", "2011 Pixar: 25 Magic Moments (TV Movie documentary)", "2010 Toy Story 3: The Gang s All Here (Video documentary short)", "Himself / Woody", "- Tom Hanks Talks Larry Crowne & Toy Story 4 with Tween Reporter Piper Reese on the Red Carpet ... Himself - Guest", "- John Candy (2010) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks: The Luckiest Man in the World (2002) ... Himself", "- Ron Howard: Hollywood s Favorite Son (1999) ... Himself", "- To John with Love: A Tribute to John Candy (1995) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks/Will Ferrell/Neil Young (2010) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Green Day (2009) ... Himself - Guest", "2009 Streisand: Live in Concert (TV Special)", "2009 Getting Past Impossible: Forrest Gump and the Visual Effects Revolution (Video documentary short)", "Himself / Forrest Gump", "2009 The Art of Screenplay Adaptation (Video documentary short)", "2009 The 25th Anniversary Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Concert (TV Special)", "2009 CERN: Pushing the Frontiers of Human Knowledge (Video documentary short)", "2009 Angels & Demons: Characters in the Search of the True Story (Video documentary short)", "2009 Angels & Demons: Handling Props (Video short)", "2009 Angels & Demons: Rome Was Not Built in a Day (Video documentary short)", "2009 Angels & Demons: The Full Story (Video documentary short)", "2009 Angels & Demons: This Is an Ambigram (Video short)", "2009 Writing Angels & Demons (Video documentary short)", "Himself - Audience", "- The Los Angeles Philharmonic Opening Gala with Gustavo Dudamel (2009) ... Himself - Audience (uncredited)", "2009 The National Parks: America s Best Idea (TV Mini-Series documentary)", "- Great Nature: 1933-1945 (2009) ... Reader (voice)", "- Going Home: 1920-1933 (2009) ... Reader (voice)", "- The Empire of Grandeur: 1915-1919 (2009) ... Reader (voice)", "- The Last Refuge: 1890-1915 (2009) ... Reader (voice)", "- The Scripture of Nature: 1851-1890 (2009) ... Reader (voice)", "- Episode dated 16 May 2009 (2009) ... Himself - Interviewee", "- Tom Hank (2009) ... Himself - Guest", "1994-2009 Gomorron (TV Series)", "Himself / Himself - Om Filmen / Forrest Gump", "- Om filmen Cast Away (2001) ... Himself - Om Filmen", "- 1995-10-22 (1995) ... Himself", "- Om filmen Forest Gump (1994) ... Himself / Forrest Gump", "2009 The Da Vinci Code: Unlocking the Code (Video documentary short)", "2009 We Are One: The Obama Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial (TV Special)", "2008 A Timeless Call (Documentary short)", "2008 Sexo en serie (TV Movie documentary)", "2008 Making John Adams (Video documentary short)", "Himself - Executive Producer", "2008 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony (TV Special)", "2008 A Hero s Journey: The Making of Beowulf (Video documentary short)", "2008 The Making of Charlie Wilson s War (Video short)", "Himself / HImself / Joe Fox", "- Charlie Wilson s War (2007) ... Himself", "- The Polar Express (2004) ... Himself", "- Catch Me If You Can (2002) ... HImself", "- The Making of Road to Perdition (2002) ... Himself", "2007 The War (TV Mini-Series documentary)", "Al McIntosh / Al Mcintosh", "- A World Without War: March 1945 - September 1945 (2007) ... Al McIntosh (voice)", "- The Ghost Front: December 1944 - March 1945 (2007) ... Al McIntosh", "- FUBAR: September 1944 - December 1944 (2007) ... Al McIntosh", "- Pride of Our Nation: June 1944 - August 1944 (2007) ... Al McIntosh (voice)", "- A Deadly Calling: November 1943 - June 1944 (2007) ... Al McIntosh (voice)", "2007 The Pixar Story (Documentary)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: A Portrait of Langdon (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Close-Up on the Mona Lisa (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Filmmaker s Journey (Video documentary)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: First Day on the Set with Ron Howard (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Magical Places (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Re-Creating Works of Art (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Unusual Suspects (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Who Is Sophie Neveu? (Video short)", "2006 Forbes Celebrity 100: Who Made Bank? (TV Movie)", "- Tom Hanks: 2 (2006) ... Himself - Guest", "2006 Who Needs Sleep? (Documentary)", "2006 Moving Image Salutes Ron Howard (TV Movie)", "2005 The Mark Twain Prize: Steve Martin (TV Special documentary)", "2005 Why Shakespeare? (Video short documentary)", "2004 4Pop (TV Series documentary)", "- Hulluna korkokenkiin (2004) ... Himself", "- R n b haastaa iskelm\u00e4n (2004) ... Himself", "2004 Landing: Airport Stories (Video documentary short)", "2004 Waiting for the Flight: Building The Terminal (Video documentary short)", "2004 Ahora (TV Series)", "2004 Bambi Verleihung 2004 (TV Movie)", "Himself - Crowd Member", "2004 Steven Spielberg: The Man and His Movies (TV Movie documentary)", "2004 World War II Memorial Dedication (TV Movie documentary)", "Himself - Guest Speaker", "2004 Filmland (TV Series documentary)", "2004 Saving Private Ryan : Boot Camp (Video documentary short)", "2004 Saving Private Ryan : Miller and His Platoon (Video documentary short)", "2004 Saving Private Ryan : Parting Thoughts (Video short)", "2004 Saving Private Ryan : Re-Creating Omaha Beach (Video documentary short)", "2004 Making Saving Private Ryan (Video documentary short)", "2003 People Like Us: Making Philadelphia (Video documentary)", "2003 Rebels of Oakland: The A s, the Raiders, the 70s (TV Movie documentary)", "Himself - Oakland Resident 1966-1976", "2003 Heroes... Twenty Years with AIDS Project Los Angeles (TV Movie documentary)", "2003 Horatio s Drive: America s First Road Trip (TV Movie documentary)", "Horatio Nelson Jackson (voice)", "2003 Concert for George (Video documentary)", "Mountie (uncredited)", "- Penny Marshall (2003) ... Himself", "2003 Catch Me If You Can : The Casting of the Film (Video documentary short)", "2003 Hollywood Celebrates Denzel Washington: An American Cinematheque Tribute (TV Special documentary)", "2003 The 14th Annual Producers Guild of America Awards (TV Special)", "2003 Taff (TV Series)", "- Geena Davis (2002) ... Himself", "2002 Life with Bonnie (TV Series)", "- What If? (2002) ... Himself", "2002 Making a Splash (Video documentary short)", "Himself / Allen Bauer", "- Filmfestspiele Venedig (2002) ... Himself", "2002 The Making of Road to Perdition (TV Short documentary)", "Himself / Michael Sullivan", "2002 The Honeymooners 50th Anniversary Celebration (TV Movie)", "2002 Primetime Glick (TV Series)", "- Tom Hanks/Ben Stiller (2002) ... Himself", "2001 The Island (Video short)", "2001 The Making of Band of Brothers (TV Short documentary)", "2001 The Making of Cast Away (Video documentary short)", "2001 Wilson: The Life and Death of a Hollywood Extra (Video documentary short)", "2001 Rescued from the Closet (Video documentary)", "- Joan Rivers (2001) ... Himself", "1999-2001 The Directors (TV Series documentary)", "- The Films of Garry Marshall (2001) ... Himself", "- The Films of Steven Spielberg (2000) ... Himself", "- The Films of Ron Howard (1999) ... Himself", "- The Films of Nora Ephron ... Himself", "2001 Scene by Scene (TV Series)", "2001 The Big Breakfast (TV Series)", "2000 Behind the Scenes: Cast Away (Video documentary)", "Himself - Actor (segment Tom Hanks )", "- Notra Trulock/Tom Hanks/The Rosenberg Case (2000) ... Himself - Actor (segment Tom Hanks )", "2000 Shooting War (TV Movie documentary)", "- Return with Honor (2000) ... Himself - Narrator", "Himself / Paul Edgecomb", "1999 Stephen King: Shining in the Dark (TV Movie documentary)", "1999 The Story Behind Toy Story (Video documentary short)", "1999 The Miracle of The Green Mile (TV Short documentary)", "1998 Into the Breach: Saving Private Ryan (Video documentary short)", "1998 Return to Normandy (Video documentary)", "1998 Famous Families (TV Series documentary)", "- Tom Hanks and Rita Wilson: That Thing They Do (1998) ... Himself", "1998 Return with Honor (Documentary)", "- Show n\u00ba 121 (1998) ... Himself", "1998 Extra Rosa (TV Series)", "- The Space Program (1998) ... Himself - Guest", "- The Original Wives Club (1998) ... Himself - Host", "- Galileo Was Right (1998) ... Himself - Host", "- For Miles and Miles (1998) ... Himself - Host", "- We Interrupt This Program (1998) ... Himself - Host", "- That s All There Is (1998) ... Himself - Host", "1997 I Am Your Child (TV Movie documentary)", "1997 Ruby Wax Meets... (TV Series documentary)", "- Show #200 (1997) ... Himself", "1996 Lost Moon: The Triumph of Apollo 13 (Video documentary)", "- The Pallbearer/Barb Wire/Last Dance/The Great White Hype/The Craft (1996) ... Himself", "- The Quick and the Dead/Shallow Grave/The Jerky Boys: The Movie/Crumb (1995) ... Himself", "- Memo to the Academy - 1994 (1994) ... Himself", "1996 AFI Life Achievement Award: A Tribute to Steven Spielberg (TV Special documentary)", "Himself - Winner & Accepting Award for Favourite Dramatic Motion Picture / Favorite Motion Picture", "1996 2nd Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards (TV Special)", "1995 The Crypt Keeper Presents: A Spine-Tingling Look at Tales from the Crypt (Documentary short)", "1995 The Siskel & Ebert Interviews (TV Special)", "- Bald Star in Hot Oil Fest! (1995) ... Himself", "1995 The Celluloid Closet (Documentary)", "1995 The Making of Apollo 13 (Documentary short)", "1995 Barbra: The Concert (TV Special)", "Himself - Concert Attendee (uncredited)", "1995 Hasty Pudding Awards (TV Special)", "Himself - Winner, Presenter & Accepting Award for Favorite Motion Picture", "1995 1st Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards (TV Special)", "1994 The Wonderful World of Disney: 40 Years of Television Magic (TV Movie documentary)", "1994 Through the Eyes of Forrest Gump (TV Movie documentary)", "1994 Primer plano (TV Series)", "1994 The Essence Awards (TV Special)", "1994 The 5th Annual GLAAD Media Awards (TV Special)", "1994 Clive James (TV Series)", "1992 The 6th Annual American Comedy Awards (TV Special)", "1991 The Best of Disney: 50 Years of Magic (TV Movie documentary)", "1990 Joe Versus the Volcano: Behind the Scenes (Video documentary short)", "1989 Saturday Night Live: 15th Anniversary (TV Special)", "1988 The Media Show (TV Series documentary)", "1988 Aspel & Company (TV Series)", "2019 Tucker Carlson Tonight (TV Series)", "- Episode dated 7 February 2019 (2019) ... Himself - Actor", "Himself / Himself - The Love Boat / Himself - Author, Uncommon Type", "- ET s Exclusive First Look! (2019) ... Himself", "- Graham Norton s Good Guest Guide (2018) ... Himself", "- Barry Norman (2017) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- We All Have to Fight and Be Loud (2017) ... Himself", "2017 SNL Presents: Halloween (TV Movie)", "2017 Diana: The Day Britain Cried (TV Movie documentary)", "2017 Abandoned (TV Series documentary short)", "- Cancelled - The Tonight Show With Conan O Brien (2017) ... Himself", "2017 The Fabulous Allan Carr (Documentary)", "2017 Full Frontal with Samantha Bee (TV Series)", "- February 1, 2017 (2017) ... Viktor Navorski", "2017 National Endowment for the Arts: United States of Arts (TV Series documentary short)", "- American Film Institute (2017) ... Himself", "2017 50/50 (critique) (TV Mini-Series)", "- La Ligne Verte (2017)", "- Guest Co-Host Michael Buble/Tom Hanks/Blair Underwood/Abbi Jacobson (2016) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks/Priyanka Chopra (2015) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks/Josh Hutcherson/Colbie Caillat (2014) ... Himself", "- A New Year s Eve Retrospective (2013) ... Himself", "- The Best in Late Show Retrospectacular End-of-Year Wrapupabration! 1 (2016) ... Himself", "2016 Sully: Sully Sullenberger - The Man Behind the Miracle (Video documentary short)", "Himself - Chesley Sully Sullenberger", "- Episode dated 26 October 2016 (2016) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- Presidential Debate (2016) ... Himself", "- Hidden Treasures: We Find, You Keep (2015) ... Himself", "2016 There s Something About Romcoms (TV Movie documentary)", "Himself - Producer, My Big Fat Greek Wedding", "2016 Nostalgia Critic (TV Series)", "Forrest Gump / Captain Miller", "- When Are Critics Wrong? (2016) ... Forrest Gump / Captain Miller", "2016 Duels (TV Series documentary)", "- Elisabeth II - Lady Diana, Duel Royal (2016) ... Himself", "2016 Do They Know It? (TV Series)", "- Do Teens Know 90 s Romance Movies? (2016)", "Robbie Wheeling / Professor G.H. Dorr / Captain Miller / ...", "- Star Wars, Buster Keaton, Dinosaur (2016) ... Robbie Wheeling", "- Three Cases of Murder (2015) ... Professor G.H. Dorr", "- Catch-22 (2015) ... Captain Miller", "- Ishtar (2015) ... Josh", "2015 Els dies clau (TV Series documentary)", "- 25 de juliol de 1985: s anuncia que Rock Hudson t\u00e9 la sida (2015) ... Andrew Beckett", "2015 Keith Richards: Under the Influence (Documentary)", "- Out (2015) ... Andrew Beckett", "2015 Conspiracy (TV Series documentary)", "- The Nazi King (2015) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- Guests: gTime Johnny and PaulsEgo - Erotic Brony Fiction - Wild Bill - And More! (2015) ... Himself", "2014 Animation Lookback (TV Series documentary)", "- The Best of Stop Motion - Ray Harryhausen 2/2 (2014) ... Himself", "2014 That s Life!! Kilorenzos Smith in Talks... (TV Series documentary)", "- 2nd Indie Fest of YouTube Videos 2014 (2014) ... Himself", "2014 Walking the Mile (Director s Cut) (Video documentary)", "2014 Somewhere Over the Rainbow (TV Movie documentary)", "Andrew Beckett (uncredited)", "2014 The Greatest 80s Movies (TV Movie documentary)", "2014 Stop at Nothing: The Lance Armstrong Story (Documentary)", "- Amanda Seyfried/Will Ferrell and Chad Smith/Red Hot Chili Peppers (2014) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- Bill Cosby/Joby Ogwyn/Nathan East (2014) ... Himself (uncredited)", "2014 You Can t Kill Tom Hanks! Interview mit Regisseur Joe Dante (Video documentary short)", "Ray Peterson (uncredited)", "2014 The Second Annual On Cinema Oscar Special (TV Special)", "2013 Greatest Ever Christmas Movies (TV Movie documentary)", "- Episode #22.48 (2013) ... Captain Richard Phillips", "2013 Saturday Night Live: Halloween (TV Special)", "The Merryville Brothers (uncredited)", "- Movie Guide 2: Part 13 (2013) ... Captain Richard Phillips", "2013 Killing Lincoln: An Interview with Author Bill O Reilly (Video documentary short)", "2013 Uncovering the Truth: Killing Lincoln (Documentary short)", "2012 1002 Momentos de la tele (TV Series)", "2012 Fox Files (TV Series)", "- Sinatra Jr. Kidnaping/Super Dogs!/Gary Sinise, Man on a Mission (2012) ... Forrest Gump", "Himself - Academy Award Winning Actor", "- Whistleblowers (2011) ... Himself - Award Winning Actor", "- Until It Happens to You (2011) ... Himself - Award Winning Actor", "2011 The Extraordinary Voyage (Documentary)", "Rick Gassko / Himself / Paul Edgecomb", "- Tawny Kitaen (2011) ... Rick Gassko", "- Dustin Hoffman: First in His Class (2002) ... Himself", "- Stephen King: Fear, Fame and Fortune (2000) ... Paul Edgecomb", "2011 Today Tonight (TV Series)", "- Episode dated 8 March 2011 (2011) ... Woody", "Walter Fielding, Jr.", "- Especial redoblajes (2011) ... Walter Fielding, Jr. (uncredited)", "2011 Saturday Night Live Backstage (TV Special documentary)", "2008-2010 That Fellow in the Coat (TV Series)", "- A Look Back at the Animated Features of 2010 (2010) ... Woody", "- Character Profile: The Toy Story Aliens (2008) ... Woody", "2010 Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy (Video documentary)", "Dr. Robert Langdon (uncredited)", "- Kings Ransom (2009) ... Himself (uncredited)", "2009 Io sono l amore", "2008-2009 5 Second Movies (TV Series)", "Forrest Gump / Josh Baskin", "- Forrest Gump (2009) ... Forrest Gump", "- Big (2008) ... Josh Baskin", "2008 The Magical World of Trains (Video documentary)", "2008 Ceremonia de inauguraci\u00f3n - 56\u00ba Festival internacional de cine de San Sebasti\u00e1n (TV Special)", "Himself / Himself - Patriot (segment Pinheads & Patriots )", "- Episode dated 7 July 2008 (2008) ... Himself - Patriot (segment Pinheads & Patriots )", "- Movies (2007) ... Josh", "2007 Saturday Night Live in the 90s: Pop Culture Nation (TV Special documentary)", "2007 Canada A.M. (TV Series)", "2006 The Queen", "Himself / Sherman McCoy / Jimmy Dugan / ... (uncredited)", "2006 The Sci-Fi Boys (Documentary)", "Walter Fielding Jr.", "- Episode dated 14 March 2006 (2006) ... Walter Fielding Jr.", "2006 Who Killed the Electric Car? (Documentary)", "- Shredded Plane (2006) ... Chuck Noland", "2005 El oficio de actor (TV Movie documentary)", "2005 Saturday Night Live: The Best of Jon Lovitz (TV Special)", "Various Characters (uncredited)", "2005 I Love the 90s: Part Deux (TV Series documentary)", "Himself / Various", "2004 101 Biggest Celebrity Oops (TV Special documentary)", "2003 Get Up, Stand Up (TV Series documentary)", "- What s Going On (2003) ... Himself (uncredited)", "2003 I Love the 80s Strikes Back (TV Series documentary)", "- 35 Years and 60 Minutes (2003) ... Himself - Actor", "- Wie wenig \u00fcberraschend Fernsehen sein kann. (2003) ... Carl Hanratty", "2001 Backstory (TV Series documentary)", "- Big (2001) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks & Rita Wilson (2000) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks", "2000 Lord Stanley s Cup: Hockey s Ultimate Prize (Video documentary)", "Himself / Josh / Rick Gassko", "Mr. Short-Term Memory (uncredited)", "Barry the Roadie (uncredited)", "- Om filmen R\u00e4dda menige Ryan (1998) ... Himself", "1998 Sharon Stone - Una mujer de 100 caras (TV Movie documentary)", "1998 The Harryhausen Chronicles (TV Movie documentary)", "1996 The Universal Story (TV Movie documentary)", "- One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1995) ... Himself - Actor", "- Quadriplegia, Nymphomania, and HIV-Positive Night (1995) ... Andrew Beckett", "1993 Hard Copy (TV Series)", "- Celebrity Past Live (1993) ... Himself", "1993 The Best of Saturday Night Live: 1989 (Video)", "1992 Saturday Night Live: Presidential Bash (TV Special)", "Peter Jennings (uncredited)", "1992 Best of Saturday Night Live: Special Edition (Video)", "1986 Thompson Twins: Nothing in Common (Video short)", "1999: TV commercial for The National World War II Memorial See more \u00bb", "1 Biographical Movie | 3 Print Biographies | 26 Interviews | 48 Articles | 9 Pictorials | 66 Magazine Cover Photos | See more \u00bb", "Tomu Hankusu", "[on Harvey Weinstein] We re at a watershed moment, this is a sea change. His last name will become a noun and a verb. It will become an identifying moniker for a state of being for which there was a before and an after. See more \u00bb", "Attended California State University, Sacramento. See more \u00bb", "Frequently plays ordinary characters in extraordinary situations See more \u00bb" ] }, { "url": "https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/forrest-gump-opens-wins-hanks-a-second-oscar", "title": "Forrest Gump opens wins Tom Hanks a second Oscar HISTORY", "content": [ "\u201cForrest Gump\u201d opens, wins Tom Hanks a second Oscar", "On this day in 1994, the movie Forrest Gump opens in U.S. theaters. A huge box-office success, the film starred Tom Hanks in the title role of Forrest, a good-hearted man with a low I.Q. who winds up at the center of key cultural and historical events of the second half of the 20th century.", "Forrest Gump was based on a 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom, who (like his main character) grew up in Alabama and served in the Army during Vietnam. In the film\u2013which included now-famous lines like \u201cLife is like a box of chocolates. You never know what you\u2019re gonna get\u201d\u2013Forrest is a star runner and ping-pong prodigy who inadvertently rubs elbows with the key figures in a number of landmark events, from Elvis to the Civil Rights Movement to Watergate to the rise of Apple computers. He pursues and eventually marries his childhood friend Jenny, played by Robin Wright Penn, who veered from Forrest\u2019s conservative path and became a hippie in the 1960s. Some commentators argued that Jenny\u2019s eventual demise was a statement about the counter-culture movement in America.", "Forrest Gump received 13 Academy Award nominations and took home six Oscars, including Best Picture, Best Actor in a Leading Role (Hanks) and Best Director (Robert Zemeckis). The film also won an Oscar for its then-cutting-edge computer-generated imagery (CGI) special effects, which incorporated Forrest Gump into existing news footage with famous world figures including John F. Kennedy, John Lennon and Richard Nixon.", "The win was Hanks\u2019 second in the Best Actor category. A year earlier, the actor had nabbed an Oscar for his starring role as a lawyer with AIDS in Philadelphia (1993). With Forrest Gump, Hanks became only the second actor, after Spencer Tracy, to win back-to-back Oscars. In addition to his Oscar wins, he was nominated for Academy Awards in the Best Actor category for his performances in Big (1988), Saving Private Ryan (1998) and Cast Away (2000).", "https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/forrest-gump-opens-wins-hanks-a-second-oscar", "Major League Baseball\u2019s first All-Star Game is held", "On this day in 1933, Major League Baseball\u2019s first All-Star Game took place at Chicago\u2019s Comiskey Park. The brainchild of a determined sports editor, the event was designed to bolster the sport and improve its reputation during the darkest years of the Great Depression. ...read more", "Congress issues a \u201cDeclaration on the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms\u201d", "On this day in 1775, one day after restating their fidelity to King George III and wishing him \u201ca long and prosperous reign\u201d in the Olive Branch Petition, Congress sets \u201cforth the causes and necessity of their taking up arms\u201d against British authority in the American colonies. ...read more", "Fire engulfs circus big top in Hartford, killing 167", "In Hartford, Connecticut, a fire breaks out under the big top of the Ringling Bros. and Barnum Bailey Circus, killing 167 people and injuring 682. Two-thirds of those who perished were children. The cause of the fire was unknown, but it spread at incredible speed, racing up the ...read more", "Women inducted into U.S. Naval Academy for the first time", "In Annapolis, Maryland, the United States Naval Academy admits women for the first time in its history with the induction of 81 female midshipmen. In May 1980, Elizabeth Anne Rowe became the first woman member of the class to graduate. Four years later, Kristine Holderied became ...read more", "Anne Frank\u2019s family takes refuge", "In Nazi-occupied Holland, 13-year-old Jewish diarist Anne Frank and her family are forced to take refuge in a secret sealed-off area of an Amsterdam warehouse. The day before, Anne\u2019s older sister, Margot, had received a call-up notice to be deported to a Nazi \u201cwork camp.\u201d Born in ...read more", "Althea Gibson is first African American to win Wimbledon", "On this day in 1957, Althea Gibson claims the women\u2019s singles tennis title at Wimbledon and becomes the first African American to win a championship at London\u2019s All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Gibson was born on August 25, 1927, in Silver, South Carolina, and raised in ...read more", "George Walker Bush is born", "On this day in 1946, George Walker Bush, the son of future President George Herbert Walker Bush, is born in New Haven, Connecticut. When he was two years old, Bush\u2019s parents moved to Texas. where the elder Bush worked in the oil industry. Bush was nicknamed \u201cDubya\u201d for his middle ...read more", "Mark Twain begins reporting in Virginia City", "Writing under the name of Mark Twain, Samuel Clemens begins publishing news stories in the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise. Born in Missouri in 1835, Clemens followed a circuitous route to becoming an observer and writer of the American West. As a young man he apprenticed as ...read more", "John Lennon meets Paul McCartney for the first time", "The front-page headline of the Liverpool Evening Express on July 6, 1957, read \u201cMERSEYSIDE SIZZLES,\u201d in reference to the heat wave then gripping not just northern England, but all of Europe. The same headline could well have been used over a story that received no coverage at all ...read more", "Dalai Lama, leader of Tibet and bestselling author, is born", "On this day, an infant named Tenzin Gyatso, future leader of Tibet and bestselling author, is born to a peasant family in Takster, Tibet. At age two, he will be declared the Dalai Lama. In 1999, he will have two bestsellers on the nonfiction lists. In 1937, the child was ...read more", "George \u201cBugs\u201d Moran is arrested", "FBI agents arrest George \u201cBugs\u201d Moran, along with fellow crooks Virgil Summers and Albert Fouts, in Kentucky. Once one of the biggest organized crime figures in America, Moran had been reduced to small bank robberies by this time. He died in prison 11 years later. Bugs Moran\u2019s ...read more", "Civil war breaks out in Nigeria", "Five weeks after its secession from Nigeria, the breakaway Republic of Biafra is attacked by Nigerian government forces. In 1960, Nigeria gained independence from Britain. Six years later, the Muslim Hausas in northern Nigeria began massacring the Christian Igbos in the region, ...read more" ] }, { "url": "https://deadline.com/2020/02/academy-museum-of-motion-pictures-opening-date-oscars-1202855663/", "title": "Academy Museum Opening Date Unveiled During Oscars Deadline", "content": [ "Academy Museum Opening Date Unveiled During Oscars", "UPDATED with video: Tom Hanks took the stage at the 92nd Oscars on Sunday and said the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences\u2019 Academy Museum of Motion Pictures will open Monday, December 14, 2020.", "Hanks is a museum trustee and co-chair of the Academy Museum campaign, along with co-chair Annette Bening and chair Bob Iger.", "Major construction has been completed on the Academy Museum\u2019s building, designed by Renzo Piano and located in Los Angeles\u2019 Miracle Mile district at Wilshire Boulevard and Fairfax Ave. The museum recently announced it has reached the 95% mark in its $388 million pre-opening funding campaign, with installing exhibits now underway.", "Mike Nelson/EPA-EFE/Shutterstock", "The museum has undergone several delays, but on Friday unveiled its gleaming new 1,000-seat David Geffen Theater during a tour on the eve of Oscar weekend.", "AMPAS said earlier in the week that it has reached 95% of its funding goal, raising more than $368 million in pledges and cash, near its $388 million pre-opening campaign goal. The Campaign for the Academy Museum was launched in 2012, headed by chair Bob Iger and co-chairs Annette Bening and Hanks", "The 300,000-square-foot public and exhibition space is in its final exhibition design, build-out, and testing stages. But naming rights include for the Barbra Streisand Bridge, the Steve Tisch Terrace, the East West Bank Gallery, which includes the Oscars Experience, and the Bob Iger and Willow Bay Terrace." ] }, { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tom-Hanks", "title": "Tom Hanks Biography Movies Facts Britannica", "content": [ "Alternative Title: Thomas J. Hanks", "Tom Hanks, in full Thomas J. Hanks, (born July 9, 1956, Concord, California, U.S.), American actor whose cheerful everyman persona made him a natural for starring roles in many popular films. In the 1990s he expanded his comedic repertoire and began portraying lead characters in dramas.", "After a nomadic childhood, Hanks majored in drama at California State University and performed in summer stock in Cleveland, Ohio, playing a variety of classical roles. In the late 1970s he moved to New York City, where he had a small part in a horror film in 1980.", "Hanks gained notice for his comic abilities as a costar of the television series Bosom Buddies (1980\u201382). His work in the hit film Splash (1984) earned him leads in other comedies, including Bachelor Party (1984), Volunteers (1985), and The Money Pit (1986). He successfully mixed comedy with drama in Nothing in Common (1986) and Punchline (1988), and his portrayal of a boy in an adult body in Big (1988) earned him an Academy Award nomination and launched him on the path to becoming one of the era\u2019s most popular stars.", "After starring opposite actress Meg Ryan in the romantic comedy Joe Versus the Volcano (1990), Hanks reteamed with her in Sleepless in Seattle (1993) and You\u2019ve Got Mail (1998), both directed by Nora Ephron. He portrayed the drunken manager of a women\u2019s baseball team in the comedy A League of Their Own (1992) and delivered an Oscar-winning performance as a gay lawyer with AIDS in Philadelphia (1993). Another Academy Award, for the phenomenally popular Forrest Gump (1994), made him the first actor to win back-to-back best actor Oscars since Spencer Tracy.", "Hanks earned further Oscar nominations for outstanding dramatic performances in Saving Private Ryan (1998), which was directed by Steven Spielberg, and Cast Away (2000). Additional dramatic roles came in Apollo 13 (1995), The Green Mile (1999), and Road to Perdition (2002). In the blockbuster Toy Story series (1995, 1999, 2010), Hanks provided the voice of the animated cowboy Woody.", "In 2002 Hanks starred with Leonardo DiCaprio in Spielberg\u2019s Catch Me If You Can, and he portrayed Robert Langdon, a professor of symbology, in the 2006 film adaptation of Dan Brown\u2019s hugely popular The Da Vinci Code; he reprised the role of Langdon in Angels & Demons (2009) and Inferno (2016). In Charlie Wilson\u2019s War (2007), Hanks appeared as the real-life senator Charlie Wilson, who assisted the Afghan resistance to the Soviets in the 1980s, and he later portrayed a father killed in the September 11 attacks in the drama Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close (2011). For the mystical epic Cloud Atlas (2012), which wove together multiple narratives, he took on six roles, ranging from a 19th-century surgeon to a postapocalyptic tribesman.", "Tom Hanks and Julia Roberts in Charlie Wilson s War (2007). \u00a9 Francois Duhamel\u2014Participant Media, LLC", "In 2013 Hanks made his Broadway debut in Lucky Guy, a play by Ephron based on the life of journalist Mike McAlary, and he captured a Tony Award nomination for his starring performance as the colourful hard-nosed newsman. Later that year he returned to the big screen with Captain Phillips, a drama based on the true story of an American cargo ship hijacked by Somali pirates in 2009, and Saving Mr. Banks, a comedy based on the efforts of Walt Disney to obtain the film rights to P.L. Travers\u2019s novel Mary Poppins (1934). Hanks then portrayed lawyer James B. Donovan, who defended (1957) Soviet spy Rudolf Abel and later orchestrated his 1962 release in exchange for American pilot Francis Gary Powers, in Steven Spielberg\u2019s Cold War drama Bridge of Spies (2015).", "A Hologram for the King (2016), an adaptation of a novel by Dave Eggers, starred Hanks as a salesman who journeys to Saudi Arabia in an attempt to revive his fortunes. Also in 2016 he appeared as the title character in Sully, Clint Eastwood\u2019s drama based on the true story of a commercial airline pilot who made an emergency landing in the Hudson River. After starring in The Circle, Hanks reunited with Spielberg for The Post (both 2017), about publication of the Pentagon Papers. In the drama, he portrayed Ben Bradlee, executive editor of The Washington Post.", "In addition to his acting, Hanks wrote and directed the comedy That Thing You Do! (1996), about a fictional 1960s rock band. He later cowrote, directed, and starred opposite Julia Roberts in the romance Larry Crowne (2011), playing an unemployed man who enrolls in community college. Hanks also produced a number of films and such television miniseries as From the Earth to the Moon (1998), which documents the Apollo space program, and the World War II dramas Band of Brothers (2001) and The Pacific (2010). In 2009 he narrated Beyond All Boundaries, a documentary about World War II that used animation, archival footage, and sensory effects, including shaking seats; the 35-minute film was produced for the National World War II Museum in New Orleans. He also wrote the short-story collection Uncommon Type (2017).", "Hanks was the recipient of numerous acting awards. In addition, he received a Kennedy Center Honor in 2014 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016.", "Steven Spielberg: The 1990s", "Tom Hanks portrayed Captain John Miller, who leads the mission, and the strong cast also includes Matt Damon in the title role, along with Tom Sizemore, Edward Burns, Barry Pepper, Adam Goldberg, Giovanni Ribisi, Ted Danson, and Vin Diesel. Saving Private Ryan was nominated for\u2026", "\u2026intellectually disabled man (played by Tom Hanks) in an unlikely fable that earned critical praise, large audiences, and six Academy Awards, including best picture.\u2026", "drama Philadelphia (1993) starred Tom Hanks in an Oscar-winning turn as a homosexual lawyer fired after being diagnosed with AIDS. Beloved (1998), an adaptation of Toni Morrison\u2019s novel, featured Oprah Winfrey as a former slave haunted by her past misdeeds. Rachel Getting Married (2008) follows a young woman (Anne\u2026", "California State University, extensive system of public institutions of higher education in California, U.S., one of the largest such systems in the country. It has campuses at Bakersfield, Channel Islands (at Camarillo), Chico, Dominguez Hills (at Carson), East Bay, Fresno, Fullerton, Long Beach, Los Angeles, Monterey Bay (at Seaside), Northridge,\u2026", "Cleveland, city, seat (1810) of Cuyahoga county, northeastern Ohio, U.S. It is a major St. Lawrence Seaway port on the southern shore of Lake Erie, at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River. Greater Cleveland sprawls along the lake for about 100 miles (160 km) and runs more than 40 miles\u2026", "More About Tom Hanks", "\u201cForrest Gump\u201d", "In Forrest Gump", "In Jonathan Demme", "In Steven Spielberg: The 1990s", "Turner Classic Movies - Biography of Tom Hanks", "AllMovie - Biography of Tom Hanks", "Los Angeles Times Hollywood Star Walk - Tom Hanks", "Tom Hanks - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)", "\u201cThe Bonfire of the Vanities\u201d", "Sam Rockwell - Facts" ] }, { "url": "https://variety.com/1995/film/news/tom-hanks-joins-back-to-back-oscar-elite-1201345110/", "title": "Tom Hanks Joins Back to Oscar Elite Variety", "content": [ "Tom Hanks Joins Back-to-Back Oscar Elite", "By Rex Weiner", "Rex Weiner", "\u2018Tomorrow\u2019 focus of suit", "TIMES ARE A-CHANGING ADS", "Slamdance lineup set", "The first time Hollywood gave its highest accolade to an actor two years in a row, Franklin Roosevelt was president, the Depression hung over the land and Luise Rainer was Oscar\u2019s two-time winner for \u201cThe Great Ziegfeld\u201d and \u201cThe Good Earth.\u201d", "Now, in an era when career ebbs and flows seem to occur even more quickly, Tom Hanks has pulled off this rare accomplishment. If the Oscar is a bellwether of the American psyche it indicates the actor has touched a national nerve.", "Indeed, responding backstage after the awards Monday night to being called the Jimmy Stewart of this generation. Hanks said, \u201cI would never make a claim to that but if anyone wants to label me in that way I think I could not afford higher praise.\u201d", "A closer comparison might be to Spencer Tracy, whose roles for I937\u2019s \u201cCaptains Courageous\u201d and 1938s \u201cBoys Town\u201d spoke to hard issues of the time, questions of social class and individual struggle. Hanks\u2019 two winning roles in \u201cPhiladelphia\u201d and \u201cGump\u201d similarly tackle painful issues of discrimination and individual survival in difficult times.", "Tracy was best known for playing fundamentally decent characters whose innate wisdom won the day in spite of outward flaws. Hanks also is one of the few American actors of recent times to reach such a career pinnacle without having slaughtered masses of onscreen foes.", "Hanks is the fifth actor to win back-to-back Oscars after Rainer in 1936-37, followed by Tracy in 1937-38, Katharine Hepburn in 1967-68 and Jason Robards (for supporting actor) in 1976-77.", "With Oscar in hand, Hanks was in a generous mood, noting that Paramount at first was reluctant to pay for a wrap party, due to the film\u2019s $55 million price tag.", "\u201cIt was a very expensive movie,\u201d said Hanks. \u201cI didn\u2019t know anything about the wrap party, but believe me, we\u2019re all evened out right now.", "When asked about the biggest event of the day leading up to the awards ceremony. Hanks told the press, \u201cWell, the upstairs bathroom started leaking for some reason. It was coming down right in the kitchen. It was leaking because my daughter was taking a bath upstairs and had too much water. I used literally a Bubba Gump Shrimp ice chest to catch the water. Thank God for Bubba Gump Shrimp.\u201d", "Hanks will next portray astronaut Jim Lovell in \u201cApollo 13,\u201d directed by Ron Howard. Howard helmed \u201cSplash,\u201d the 1984 hit that was Hanks\u2019 breakthrough film.", "Steven Spielberg, Tom Hanks and Elton John at the 66th Academy Awards. photo credit: Kevin Mazur Archive 1/WireImage", "Looking forward to the Universal release this summer. Hanks was Gumpishly enthusiastic last night: \u201cIt\u2019s wild, man, wait till you see some of the stuff we did. You won\u2019t believe your eyes.\u201d", "Monday night\u2019s win posed the most crucial question of all to Hanks: Does this second Oscar pretty much eliminate the possibility of a \u201cBosom Buddies\u201d reunion? \u201cNo,\u201d replied the former sitcom star cheerfully. \u201cI\u2019m hoping it\u2019s paving the way.\u201d", "As for the possibility of making it a hat trick. Hanks cracked, \u201cI think if I am nominated for anything next year, there will be a collective wave of suicide jumpers from the third tier of the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion. I don\u2019t think they\u2019ll allow it to happen.\u201d", "Anita M. Busch contributed to this report." ] } ] }, "timestamp": null }, { "action": "Wizard => Apprentice", "text": "I believe it's something up there like 50, thought I'm not sure. He has too many to count. I know he won 6 for Forrest Gump. Were you aware Tom has an asteroid named after him? That's the level of success we all want. ", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000158/", "title": "Tom Hanks IMDb", "content": [ "Producer | Actor | Soundtrack", "Thomas Jeffrey Hanks was born in Concord, California, to Janet Marylyn (Frager), a hospital worker, and Amos Mefford Hanks, an itinerant cook. His mother s family, originally surnamed Fraga , was entirely Portuguese, while his father was of mostly English ancestry. Tom grew up in what he has called a fractured family. He moved around a great ... See full bio \u00bb", "July 9, 1956 in Concord, California, USA", "Forrest Gump Star Gary Sinise Receives a Tear-Jerking Tribute For His Military Charity Work", "This Is Us: Susan Kelechi Watson on How Beth Is Finding Her Identity Apart From Randall", "Lego\u2019s new Toy Story 4 tie-in sets unveiled", "Sun, Feb 17 12:30 AM EST on AMC (277)", "Agent Zigzag", "A Wilderness of Monkeys", "Untitled Battle of the Sexes Project", "Untitled Barry Manilow Project", "Editors Picks: Our Favorites From the Week of Nov. 11", "10 Paul Newman Facts You May Not Know", "Top 25 Best Performances By A Leading Man", "Talented & Hardworking Artists", "How much of Tom Hanks s work have you seen?", "Clich\u00e9s in Romantic Movies", "Highest grossing movie-stars - where it all began", "Not Every Tom, Dick And Harry Can Act", "If it Weren t Bryan Cranston, Who Else Could Best Pull Off the Role of Walter White?", "Which male gave the greatest performance in a Mike Nichols film?", "Cast Away Producer", "Saving Private Ryan Captain Miller", "Big Josh", "Jump to: Producer | Actor | Soundtrack | Writer | Director | Thanks | Self | Archive footage", "Lewis and Clark (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 6 episodes) (announced)", "A Man Called Ove (producer) (announced)", "Beautiful (producer) (announced)", "2020 No Better Place to Die (executive producer) (announced)", "2019 Greyhound (producer) (post-production)", "2018 The 2000s (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 7 episodes)", "- I Want My MP3 (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- Yes We Can (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- The Financial Crisis (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- The i Decade (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- Quagmire: Bush s Second Term (2018) ... (executive producer)", "2018 Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again (executive producer)", "2018 1968: The Year That Changed America (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 4 episodes)", "- Part Four: Fall (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- Part Three: Summer (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- Part Two: Spring (2018) ... (executive producer)", "- Part One: Winter (2018) ... (executive producer)", "2017 Mark Felt: The Man Who Brought Down the White House (producer)", "2017 The Nineties (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 7 episodes)", "- Isn t It Ironic (2017) ... (executive producer)", "- The Information Age (2017) ... (executive producer)", "- Terrorism Hits Home (2017) ... (executive producer)", "- New World Order (2017) ... (executive producer)", "- Can We All Get Along? (2017) ... (executive producer)", "2017 The 2017 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony (TV Movie) (executive producer)", "2016 The Eighties (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 7 episodes)", "- The Tech Boom (2016) ... (executive producer)", "- The Fight Against AIDS (2016) ... (executive producer)", "- Video Killed the Radio Star (2016) ... (executive producer)", "- Greed Is Good (2016) ... (executive producer)", "- Tear Down This Wall (2016) ... (executive producer)", "2016 My Big Fat Greek Wedding 2 (producer)", "2015 Ithaca (executive producer)", "2015 The Seventies (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 8 episodes)", "- What s Goin On (2015) ... (executive producer)", "- Terror at Home and Abroad (2015) ... (executive producer)", "- Battle of the Sexes (2015) ... (executive producer)", "- The State of the Union Is Not Good (2015) ... (executive producer)", "- Crimes & Cults (2015) ... (executive producer)", "2014 The Concert for Valor (TV Special) (executive producer)", "2014 Olive Kitteridge (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 4 episodes)", "- Security (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- A Different Road (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- Incoming Tide (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- Pharmacy (2014) ... (executive producer)", "2014 The Sixties (TV Series documentary) (executive producer - 10 episodes)", "- Sex, Drugs and Rock N Roll (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- The Times They Are A-Changin (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- 1968 (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- The Space Race (2014) ... (executive producer)", "- The British Invasion (2014) ... (executive producer)", "2013 The Assassination of President Kennedy (TV Movie documentary) (executive producer)", "2013 Parkland (producer)", "2013 The 2013 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony (TV Special) (executive producer)", "2012 Electric City (TV Series short) (producer)", "2012 Game Change (TV Movie) (executive producer)", "2011 He Has Seen War (Documentary) (executive producer)", "2011 Larry Crowne (producer)", "2011 The 3 Minute Talk Show (TV Series) (executive producer - 12 episodes)", "- Robin Williams (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Jimmy Fallon/Rico Rodriguez (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Wilmer Valderrama (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Nia Vardalos (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Lance Bass (2011) ... (executive producer)", "2006-2011 Big Love (TV Series) (executive producer - 51 episodes)", "- Where Men and Mountains Meet (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Exorcism (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- The Noose Tightens (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- Til Death Do Us Part (2011) ... (executive producer)", "- D.I.V.O.R.C.E. (2011) ... (executive producer)", "2010 The Pacific (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 10 episodes)", "- Home (2010) ... (executive producer)", "- Okinawa (2010) ... (executive producer)", "- Iwo Jima (2010) ... (executive producer)", "- Peleliu Hills (2010) ... (executive producer)", "- Peleliu Airfield (2010) ... (executive producer)", "2009 The 25th Anniversary Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Concert (TV Special) (executive producer)", "2009 Beyond All Boundaries (Short) (executive producer)", "2009 Where the Wild Things Are (producer)", "2009 My Life in Ruins (executive producer)", "2008 City of Ember (producer)", "2008 Mamma Mia! (executive producer)", "2008 David McCullough: Painting with Words (TV Movie documentary) (producer)", "2008 John Adams (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 7 episodes)", "- Peacefield (2008) ... (executive producer)", "- Unnecessary War (2008) ... (executive producer)", "- Unite or Die (2008) ... (executive producer)", "- Reunion (2008) ... (executive producer)", "- Don t Tread on Me (2008) ... (executive producer)", "2008 The Great Buck Howard (producer)", "2007 Charlie Wilson s War (producer)", "2007 Evan Almighty (executive producer)", "2007 Big Love: In the Beginning (TV Series) (executive producer - 3 episodes)", "- Post-Partum (2007) ... (executive producer)", "- Moving Day (2007) ... (executive producer)", "- Meet the Babysitter (2007) ... (executive producer)", "2006 Starter for 10 (producer)", "2006 The Ant Bully (producer)", "2006 Neil Young: Heart of Gold (Documentary) (producer)", "2005 We re with the Band (TV Movie documentary) (producer)", "2005 Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon 3D (Documentary short) (producer)", "2004 The Polar Express (executive producer)", "2004 Connie and Carla (producer)", "2003 My Big Fat Greek Life (TV Series) (executive producer)", "2002 My Big Fat Greek Wedding (producer)", "2001 We Stand Alone Together (TV Movie documentary) (executive producer)", "2001 Band of Brothers (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 10 episodes)", "- Points (2001) ... (executive producer)", "- Why We Fight (2001) ... (executive producer)", "- The Last Patrol (2001) ... (executive producer)", "- The Breaking Point (2001) ... (executive producer)", "- Bastogne (2001) ... (executive producer)", "2000 West Point (TV Series) (executive producer - 2000)", "2000 Cast Away (producer)", "2000 American Experience (TV Series documentary) (producer - 1 episode)", "- Return with Honor (2000) ... (producer)", "1998 From the Earth to the Moon (TV Mini-Series) (executive producer - 12 episodes)", "- The Original Wives Club (1998) ... (executive producer)", "- Le voyage dans la lune (1998) ... (executive producer)", "- Galileo Was Right (1998) ... (executive producer)", "- For Miles and Miles (1998) ... (executive producer)", "- We Interrupt This Program (1998) ... (executive producer)", "A Man Called Ove (announced)", "2020 BIOS (pre-production)", "2019 A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood (post-production)", "2019 Toy Story 4 (post-production)", "2019 Greyhound (post-production)", "2017 The David S. Pumpkins Halloween Special (TV Short)", "2017/I The Circle", "2016/I Inferno", "2016 Sully", "Chesley Sully Sullenberger", "2016 Maya & Marty (TV Series)", "- Jimmy Fallon & Miley Cyrus (2016) ... Gene", "2016 A Hologram for the King", "Matthew Macauley", "2015 Bridge of Spies", "2015 Carly Rae Jepsen: I Really Like You (Video short)", "2014 Toy Story That Time Forgot (TV Short)", "2013 Saving Mr. Banks", "2013 Toy Story of Terror (TV Short)", "2013 Captain Phillips", "2012 Cloud Atlas", "Dr. Henry Goose / Hotel Manager / Isaac Sachs / ...", "2012 Electric City (TV Series short)", "- People Like a Good Show (2012) ... Cleveland Carr (voice)", "- No One Is Untraceable (2012) ... Cleveland Carr (voice)", "- Illumination Night (2012) ... Cleveland Carr (voice)", "- The Outside (2012) ... Cleveland Carr (voice)", "- Such Beauty from a Box (2012) ... Cleveland Carr (voice)", "2011 Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close", "Thomas Schell", "2011 Toy Story Toons: Small Fry (Short)", "- Leroy Petry (2011) ... James Lovell", "2011 Larry Crowne", "- 100: Part 2 (2011) ... Tom Hanks", "2010 The Pacific (TV Mini-Series)", "- Okinawa (2010) ... Narrator (voice, uncredited)", "- Peleliu Hills (2010) ... Narrator (voice, uncredited)", "- Peleliu Airfield (2010) ... Narrator (voice, uncredited)", "- Gloucester/Pavuvu/Banika (2010) ... Narrator (voice, uncredited)", "- Melbourne (2010) ... Narrator (voice, uncredited)", "2009 Beyond All Boundaries (Short)", "Emergency Button Guest / Provider of Sound Effects / Dr. Robert Langdon - Cookie Hunter", "- Episode #17.26 (2009) ... Emergency Button Guest", "- Episode #16.143 (2009) ... Provider of Sound Effects (uncredited)", "- Episode #16.141 (2009) ... Dr. Robert Langdon - Cookie Hunter (uncredited)", "2008 The Great Buck Howard", "Mr. Gable", "2007 Charlie Wilson s War", "2007 The Simpsons Movie", "Tom Hanks (voice)", "Woody Car (voice)", "2004 The Rutles 2: Can t Buy Me Lunch (TV Movie)", "Tom Hanks - Interviewee", "Hero Boy / Father / Conductor / ...", "2004 Elvis Has Left the Building", "Mailbox Elvis", "Viktor Navorski", "Professor G.H. Dorr", "Abraham Lincoln / Charles E. Wood / Jacob Coxey / ...", "- Whose Land Is This? (2003) ... Charles E. Wood", "- Working for Freedom (2003) ... Jacob Coxey", "- Wake Up America (2003) ... Reporter", "- Liberty for All (2003) ... Daniel Boone", "- Independence (2003) ... Paul Revere", "French Officer / British Officer", "- Why We Fight (2001) ... French Officer (uncredited)", "- Crossroads (2001) ... British Officer (uncredited)", "2000 Cast Away", "1999 The Green Mile", "1998 Saving Private Ryan", "1998 From the Earth to the Moon (TV Mini-Series)", "Jean-Luc Despont", "- Le voyage dans la lune (1998) ... Jean-Luc Despont", "1997 The Wonderful World of Disney (TV Series)", "- Toy Story (1997) ... Woody (voice)", "1996 That Thing You Do!", "1995/I Apollo 13", "1994 Vault of Horror I (TV Movie)", "1994 Forrest Gump", "1994 Bruce Springsteen: Streets of Philadelphia (Video short)", "Trouble Boy #1", "- I ll Be Waiting (1993) ... Trouble Boy #1", "1992 A League of Their Own", "Jimmy Dugan", "- None But the Lonely Heart (1992) ... Baxter", "1992 Radio Flyer", "Older Mike (uncredited)", "Sherman McCoy", "1990 Joe Versus the Volcano", "1989 Turner & Hooch", "1989 The Burbs", "1988 Punchline", "1987 Dragnet", "1986 Every Time We Say Goodbye", "1986 Nothing in Common", "David Basner", "1986 The Money Pit", "Walter Fielding", "Lawrence Bourne III", "1985 The Man with One Red Shoe", "1984 Bachelor Party", "Rick Gassko", "1983-1984 Family Ties (TV Series)", "Ned Donnelly", "- Say Uncle (1984) ... Ned Donnelly", "- The Fugitive: Part 2 (1983) ... Ned Donnelly", "1982 Mazes and Monsters (TV Movie)", "1982 Happy Days (TV Series)", "Dr. Dwayne Twitchell", "- A Little Case of Revenge (1982) ... Dr. Dwayne Twitchell", "1982 Taxi (TV Series)", "- The Road Not Taken: Part 1 (1982) ... Gordon", "1980-1982 Bosom Buddies (TV Series)", "Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- Not the Last Picture Show (1982) ... Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- Not with My Sister, You Pig (1982) ... Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- Who s on Thirst? (1982) ... Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- The Way Kip and Henry Were (1982) ... Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- Hildy s Dirt Nap (1982) ... Kip Wilson / Buffy Wilson", "- Sergeant Bull/Friends and Lovers/Miss Mother (1980) ... Rick Martin", "1980 He Knows You re Alone", "- Episode dated 26 October 2016 (2016) ... (performer: Big Rap - uncredited)", "2016 Lorraine (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode)", "2016 A Hologram for the King (performer: Once In A Lifetime )", "2015 The Late Late Show with James Corden (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode)", "- Tom Hanks/Mila Kunis (2015) ... (performer: You ve Got a Friend in Me - uncredited)", "2013 Saving Mr. Banks (performer: A Man Has Dreams )", "2011 30 Rock (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode)", "- 100: Part 2 (2011) ... (performer: My Life - uncredited)", "- Tom Hanks/Red Hot Chili Peppers (2006) ... (performer: Please Don t Cut My Testicles )", "2004 The Polar Express (performer: The Polar Express , Hot Chocolate )", "2002 Road to Perdition (performer: Perdition - Piano Duet (2002))", "2000 Cast Away (performer: Light My Fire )", "1999 Toy Story 2 (performer: You ve Got a Friend in Me )", "1996 That Thing You Do! (writer: Lovin You Lots and Lots , It s Not Far , La Se\u00f1ora De Dos Costas , Mr. Downtown , Voyage Around the Moon , Hold My Hand, Hold My Heart , Will You Marry Me? , Spartacus , Hollywood Showcase Theme )", "1990 Joe Versus the Volcano (performer: The Cowboy Song )", "1987 Dragnet (performer: City of Crime )", "1980-1982 Bosom Buddies (TV Series) (performer - 4 episodes)", "- The Way Kip and Henry Were (1982) ... (performer: Stay )", "- The Show Must Go On (1981) ... (performer: Breaking Up Is Hard to Do )", "- Loathe Thy Neighbor (1980) ... (performer: It s Not Unusual )", "- Pilot (1980) ... (performer: Macho Man )", "2019 Greyhound (screenplay) (post-production)", "2012 Electric City (TV Series short) (creator - 2 episodes)", "- The Voice of the City (2012) ... (creator)", "- Truth or Consequence (2012) ... (creator)", "2011 Larry Crowne (written by)", "2005 Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon 3D (Documentary short) (written by)", "2001 Band of Brothers (TV Mini-Series) (teleplay - 1 episode)", "- Currahee (2001) ... (teleplay)", "1998 From the Earth to the Moon (TV Mini-Series) (written by - 4 episodes)", "- The Original Wives Club (1998) ... (written by)", "- Le voyage dans la lune (1998) ... (written by)", "- That s All There Is (1998) ... (written by)", "- Mare Tranquilitatis (1998) ... (written by)", "1996 That Thing You Do! (written by)", "2001 Band of Brothers (TV Mini-Series) (1 episode)", "- Crossroads (2001)", "1998 From the Earth to the Moon (TV Mini-Series) (1 episode)", "- Can We Do This? (1998)", "1994 Vault of Horror I (TV Movie) (segment None but the lonely heart )", "1993 Fallen Angels (TV Series) (1 episode)", "- I ll Be Waiting (1993)", "1993 A League of Their Own (TV Series) (1 episode)", "- The Monkey s Curse (1993)", "1992 Tales from the Crypt (TV Series) (1 episode)", "- None But the Lonely Heart (1992)", "2018/I Generations (very special thanks)", "2018 Sweding: Boss in the gym (Short) (special thanks)", "2017 Name That Film (TV Series) (special thanks - 1 episode)", "- She Did It Right (2017) ... (special thanks)", "2014 Walking the Mile (Director s Cut) (Video documentary) (special thanks)", "2011 The Extraordinary Voyage (Documentary) (many thanks)", "2011 Corman s World: Exploits of a Hollywood Rebel (Documentary) (thanks)", "2010/I I m Still Here (special thanks)", "2010/II Morning (special thanks)", "2009 All the Presidents Movies: The Movie (Documentary) (thanks)", "2008 Surfer, Dude (very special thanks)", "2008 The Wackness (very special thanks)", "2007 Lose Weight with Cancer (Short) (very special thanks)", "2006 The Sci-Fi Boys (Documentary) (special thanks)", "2006 Who Killed the Electric Car? (Documentary) (special thanks)", "2004 The Polar Express (Video Game) (special thanks)", "2003 Concert for George (Video documentary) (special thanks)", "2002 Making a Splash (Video documentary short) (thanks)", "2001 The Making of Band of Brothers (TV Short documentary) (special thanks)", "2000 Walking the Mile (Video documentary short) (special thanks)", "1996 Lost Moon: The Triumph of Apollo 13 (Video documentary) (special thanks)", "1995 The Crypt Keeper Presents: A Spine-Tingling Look at Tales from the Crypt (Documentary short) (special thanks)", "- Tom Hanks (2019) ... Himself - Guest", "- If Visions of Sugarplums Last More Than Four Hours, Please Call Your Physician (2013) ... Himself - Guest", "- 50,000,000 Connie Selleca Fans Can t Be Wrong (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Murder, She Tweeted (2010) ... Himself - Guest", "2018 The Mayo Clinic, Faith, Hope and Science (TV Movie documentary)", "2018 Quincy (Documentary)", "2018 Beyond Boundaries: The Harvey Weinstein Scandal (Documentary)", "2018 The 2000s (TV Series documentary)", "- The i Decade (2018) ... Himself - Actor", "- The Platinum Age Of Television (2018) ... Himself - Actor", "Himself - Executive Producer / Himself - Plays Ben Bradlee / Himself - Guest", "- Episode dated 17 July 2018 (2018) ... Himself - Executive Producer", "- Episode dated 11 January 2018 (2018) ... Himself - Plays Ben Bradlee", "Himself / Robert Langdon", "- Part Four: Fall (2018) ... Himself - Actor", "- Part Two: Spring (2018) ... Himself - Actor", "- Part One: Winter (2018) ... Himself - Actor", "2018 The Post: Stop the Presses - Filming the Post (Documentary short)", "2018 The Post: The Style Section - Re-Creating an Era (Documentary short)", "2018 C \u00e0 vous (TV Series)", "- Tom Hanks/Maisie Williams/Anthony Joshua/First Aid Kit (2018) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Joseph Gordon-Levitt/Gemma Arterton/Mo Farah/Olly Murs (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Peter Capaldi/David Walliams/Duran Duran (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Nicole Scherzinger/Simon Pegg (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Meryl Streep (2018) ... Himself - Guest", "- Ellen s Season 14 Premiere Week: Day 4 (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Andrew McCutchen (2013) ... Himself - Guest", "- Jodie Foster/Tom Hanks (2017) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Katy Tur/Mac DeMarco (2017) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Anna Baryshnikov (2017) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Adam Conover (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Leslie Odom, Jr./The Strumbellas/Roy Haynes (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- Meryl Streep; Tom Hanks; Mark Weinberg (2017) ... Himself - Guest", "2017 The Axe Files (TV Series)", "- Tom Hanks (2017) ... Himself", "2014-2017 Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (TV Series)", "- Presidency of Donald Trump (2017) ... Himself - Guest", "- The Lottery (2014) ... Himself - Guest", "2017 Amy Adams: An American Cinematheque Tribute (TV Movie)", "Himself - Guest / Himself - Author, Uncommon Type", "- Episode #40.4 (2017) ... Himself - Author, Uncommon Type", "2017 Spielberg (TV Movie documentary)", "2017 XQ Super School Live (TV Movie)", "- The One About TV (2017) ... Himself - Actor", "Himself - Host / Himself / Various / ...", "- Dwayne Johnson/Katy Perry (2017) ... Himself / David S. Pimpkins (uncredited)", "- Tom Hanks/Lady Gaga (2016) ... Himself - Host / Sully / David S. Pumpkins", "- Justin Timberlake (2013) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- Martin Short/Paul McCartney (2012) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- Bruno Mars (2012) ... Himself / Kerry Lapkis / Robot (uncredited)", "2017 Ken Burns: America s Storyteller (TV Movie documentary)", "2017 Tom Brokaw at NBC News: The First 50 Years (TV Movie documentary)", "2017 Inferno: A Look at Langdon (Video documentary short)", "2017 Inferno: The Overpopulation Debate (Video documentary short)", "2017 Inferno: This Is Sienna Brooks (Video documentary short)", "2017 Inferno: Visions of Hell (Video documentary short)", "2017 Through Hell and Back: Dante s Enduring Influence (Video documentary short)", "Himself - Winner & Nominee", "2017 Taking the Stage: African American Music and Stories That Changed America (TV Special)", "2016 Sully: Neck Deep in the Hudson: - Shooting Sully (Video documentary short)", "2016 The British Academy Britannia Awards (TV Special)", "- Inferno/American Pastoral (2016) ... Himself", "- Phil Collins/Nico Tortorella/Tom Hanks & the Cast of Inferno (2016) ... Himself", "- Halloween Hacks!!! Week: Day 3 (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Carey Mulligan (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Diana Nyad (2013) ... Himself - Guest", "2016 Tom Hanks: A League of His Own (Documentary)", "- Episode dated 19 February 2009 (2009) ... Himself - Interviewee", "2016 Launching a Legacy: Interviews with Tom Hanks, Ron Howard, Dan Brown and Brian Grazer (Video documentary short)", "2016 Defying the Nazis: The Sharps War (Documentary)", "Waitstill Sharp (voice)", "- Tom Hanks/Kaleo (2016) ... Himself - Guest", "- After the Oscars 2014 (2014) ... Himself - Guest", "- Jimmy Kimmel Live: After the Academy Awards (2012) ... Himself - Guest", "- After the Academy Awards (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "2016 California Typewriter (Documentary)", "2016 The Peter Austin Noto Show (TV Series)", "- The Tech Boom (2016) ... Himself - Actor", "- The Fight Against AIDS (2016) ... Himself - Actor", "- Raised on Television (2016) ... Himself - Actor", "2016 AFI Life Achievement Award: A Tribute to John Williams (TV Special)", "Woody - Presenter (voice)", "2016 A Case of the Cold War: Bridge of Spies (Video documentary short)", "2016 Berlin 1961: Re-Creating the Divide (Video documentary short)", "2016 Spy Swap : Looking Back on the Final Act (Video documentary short)", "2016 U-2 Spy Plane (Video documentary short)", "- Mike Nichols (2016) ... Himself", "- Inventing David Geffen (2012) ... Himself", "2015 Toy Story at 20: To Infinity and Beyond (TV Movie documentary)", "Himself - Woody", "- Tom Hanks/Jessica Chastain/Pentatonix (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "2015 The Seventies (TV Series documentary)", "- What s Goin On (2015) ... Himself - Actor", "- Television Gets Real (2015) ... Himself - Actor", "- I Really Like You Without Music (Carly Rae Jepsen) (2015) ... Himself", "2015 AFI Life Achievement Award: A Tribute to Steve Martin (TV Special)", "Himself - Pre-Taped Message", "- Tom Hanks/Eddie Vedder (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Sturgill Simpson (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Two Door Cinema Club (2013) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/cast of Pippin (2013) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Mila Kunis (2015) ... Himself - Guest", "2015 Misery Loves Comedy (Documentary)", "2015 Mulaney (TV Series)", "- French Roast (2015) ... Himself (uncredited)", "2014 The National Christmas Tree Lighting (TV Special)", "2014 The Concert for Valor (TV Special)", "2014 The Sixties (TV Series documentary)", "Himself - Actor / Producer", "- The Space Race (2014) ... Himself - Actor / Producer", "- The British Invasion (2014) ... Himself - Actor", "- When Television Came of Age (2014) ... Himself - Actor", "2014 Glad All Over: The Dave Clark Five and Beyond (TV Movie documentary)", "2014 EE British Academy Film Awards: The Red Carpet Show (TV Special)", "2014 The Night That Changed America: A Grammy Salute to the Beatles (TV Special)", "Himself (audience) (uncredited)", "2014 The Greatest Event in Television History (TV Series)", "- Bosom Buddies (2014) ... Himself", "2014 Capturing Captain Phillips (Video documentary)", "Himself - Nominee & Presenter (uncredited)", "2013 Asaichi (TV Series)", "- Episode dated 15 November 2013 (2013) ... Himself (as Tomu Hankusu)", "2013 Smap\u00d7Smap (TV Series)", "- Mitch Daniels (2012) ... Himself - Guest", "2013 Vanity Fair s Hollywood (TV Movie documentary)", "2013 Killing Lincoln (TV Movie)", "- Wetten, dass..? aus Bremen (2012) ... Himself", "- Wetten, dass..? aus B\u00f6blingen (2003) ... Himself", "2012 Night of Too Many Stars: America Comes Together for Autism Programs (TV Special)", "2012 Radioman (Documentary)", "2012 The Road We ve Traveled (Documentary short)", "2012 The Rosie Show (TV Series)", "- A Tribute to Penny Marshall (2012) ... Himself - Guest", "2011/II Rebuild (Documentary short)", "2011 Steve Jobs: One Last Thing (TV Movie documentary)", "2011 Prohibition (TV Mini-Series documentary)", "- A Nation of Scofflaws (2011) ... Reader (voice)", "- A Nation of Drunkards (2011) ... Reader (voice)", "2011 Boatlift (Documentary short)", "- Tom Hanks Talks Toy Story 4 (for the first time) and Larry Crowne! (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Oprah s Farewell Spectacular, Part 2 (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Oprah s Farewell Spectacular: Part 1 (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks and Julia Roberts Their Oprah Show Farewell (2011) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks (2011) ... Himself - Interviewee", "2011 The 3 Minute Talk Show (TV Series)", "2011 Corman s World: Exploits of a Hollywood Rebel (Documentary)", "2011 Pixar: 25 Magic Moments (TV Movie documentary)", "2010 Toy Story 3: The Gang s All Here (Video documentary short)", "Himself / Woody", "- Tom Hanks Talks Larry Crowne & Toy Story 4 with Tween Reporter Piper Reese on the Red Carpet ... Himself - Guest", "- John Candy (2010) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks: The Luckiest Man in the World (2002) ... Himself", "- Ron Howard: Hollywood s Favorite Son (1999) ... Himself", "- To John with Love: A Tribute to John Candy (1995) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks/Will Ferrell/Neil Young (2010) ... Himself - Guest", "- Tom Hanks/Green Day (2009) ... Himself - Guest", "2009 Streisand: Live in Concert (TV Special)", "2009 Getting Past Impossible: Forrest Gump and the Visual Effects Revolution (Video documentary short)", "Himself / Forrest Gump", "2009 The Art of Screenplay Adaptation (Video documentary short)", "2009 The 25th Anniversary Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Concert (TV Special)", "2009 CERN: Pushing the Frontiers of Human Knowledge (Video documentary short)", "2009 Angels & Demons: Characters in the Search of the True Story (Video documentary short)", "2009 Angels & Demons: Handling Props (Video short)", "2009 Angels & Demons: Rome Was Not Built in a Day (Video documentary short)", "2009 Angels & Demons: The Full Story (Video documentary short)", "2009 Angels & Demons: This Is an Ambigram (Video short)", "2009 Writing Angels & Demons (Video documentary short)", "Himself - Audience", "- The Los Angeles Philharmonic Opening Gala with Gustavo Dudamel (2009) ... Himself - Audience (uncredited)", "2009 The National Parks: America s Best Idea (TV Mini-Series documentary)", "- Great Nature: 1933-1945 (2009) ... Reader (voice)", "- Going Home: 1920-1933 (2009) ... Reader (voice)", "- The Empire of Grandeur: 1915-1919 (2009) ... Reader (voice)", "- The Last Refuge: 1890-1915 (2009) ... Reader (voice)", "- The Scripture of Nature: 1851-1890 (2009) ... Reader (voice)", "- Episode dated 16 May 2009 (2009) ... Himself - Interviewee", "- Tom Hank (2009) ... Himself - Guest", "1994-2009 Gomorron (TV Series)", "Himself / Himself - Om Filmen / Forrest Gump", "- Om filmen Cast Away (2001) ... Himself - Om Filmen", "- 1995-10-22 (1995) ... Himself", "- Om filmen Forest Gump (1994) ... Himself / Forrest Gump", "2009 The Da Vinci Code: Unlocking the Code (Video documentary short)", "2009 We Are One: The Obama Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial (TV Special)", "2008 A Timeless Call (Documentary short)", "2008 Sexo en serie (TV Movie documentary)", "2008 Making John Adams (Video documentary short)", "Himself - Executive Producer", "2008 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony (TV Special)", "2008 A Hero s Journey: The Making of Beowulf (Video documentary short)", "2008 The Making of Charlie Wilson s War (Video short)", "Himself / HImself / Joe Fox", "- Charlie Wilson s War (2007) ... Himself", "- The Polar Express (2004) ... Himself", "- Catch Me If You Can (2002) ... HImself", "- The Making of Road to Perdition (2002) ... Himself", "2007 The War (TV Mini-Series documentary)", "Al McIntosh / Al Mcintosh", "- A World Without War: March 1945 - September 1945 (2007) ... Al McIntosh (voice)", "- The Ghost Front: December 1944 - March 1945 (2007) ... Al McIntosh", "- FUBAR: September 1944 - December 1944 (2007) ... Al McIntosh", "- Pride of Our Nation: June 1944 - August 1944 (2007) ... Al McIntosh (voice)", "- A Deadly Calling: November 1943 - June 1944 (2007) ... Al McIntosh (voice)", "2007 The Pixar Story (Documentary)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: A Portrait of Langdon (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Close-Up on the Mona Lisa (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Filmmaker s Journey (Video documentary)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: First Day on the Set with Ron Howard (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Magical Places (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Re-Creating Works of Art (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Unusual Suspects (Video short)", "2006 The Da Vinci Code: Who Is Sophie Neveu? (Video short)", "2006 Forbes Celebrity 100: Who Made Bank? (TV Movie)", "- Tom Hanks: 2 (2006) ... Himself - Guest", "2006 Who Needs Sleep? (Documentary)", "2006 Moving Image Salutes Ron Howard (TV Movie)", "2005 The Mark Twain Prize: Steve Martin (TV Special documentary)", "2005 Why Shakespeare? (Video short documentary)", "2004 4Pop (TV Series documentary)", "- Hulluna korkokenkiin (2004) ... Himself", "- R n b haastaa iskelm\u00e4n (2004) ... Himself", "2004 Landing: Airport Stories (Video documentary short)", "2004 Waiting for the Flight: Building The Terminal (Video documentary short)", "2004 Ahora (TV Series)", "2004 Bambi Verleihung 2004 (TV Movie)", "Himself - Crowd Member", "2004 Steven Spielberg: The Man and His Movies (TV Movie documentary)", "2004 World War II Memorial Dedication (TV Movie documentary)", "Himself - Guest Speaker", "2004 Filmland (TV Series documentary)", "2004 Saving Private Ryan : Boot Camp (Video documentary short)", "2004 Saving Private Ryan : Miller and His Platoon (Video documentary short)", "2004 Saving Private Ryan : Parting Thoughts (Video short)", "2004 Saving Private Ryan : Re-Creating Omaha Beach (Video documentary short)", "2004 Making Saving Private Ryan (Video documentary short)", "2003 People Like Us: Making Philadelphia (Video documentary)", "2003 Rebels of Oakland: The A s, the Raiders, the 70s (TV Movie documentary)", "Himself - Oakland Resident 1966-1976", "2003 Heroes... Twenty Years with AIDS Project Los Angeles (TV Movie documentary)", "2003 Horatio s Drive: America s First Road Trip (TV Movie documentary)", "Horatio Nelson Jackson (voice)", "2003 Concert for George (Video documentary)", "Mountie (uncredited)", "- Penny Marshall (2003) ... Himself", "2003 Catch Me If You Can : The Casting of the Film (Video documentary short)", "2003 Hollywood Celebrates Denzel Washington: An American Cinematheque Tribute (TV Special documentary)", "2003 The 14th Annual Producers Guild of America Awards (TV Special)", "2003 Taff (TV Series)", "- Geena Davis (2002) ... Himself", "2002 Life with Bonnie (TV Series)", "- What If? (2002) ... Himself", "2002 Making a Splash (Video documentary short)", "Himself / Allen Bauer", "- Filmfestspiele Venedig (2002) ... Himself", "2002 The Making of Road to Perdition (TV Short documentary)", "Himself / Michael Sullivan", "2002 The Honeymooners 50th Anniversary Celebration (TV Movie)", "2002 Primetime Glick (TV Series)", "- Tom Hanks/Ben Stiller (2002) ... Himself", "2001 The Island (Video short)", "2001 The Making of Band of Brothers (TV Short documentary)", "2001 The Making of Cast Away (Video documentary short)", "2001 Wilson: The Life and Death of a Hollywood Extra (Video documentary short)", "2001 Rescued from the Closet (Video documentary)", "- Joan Rivers (2001) ... Himself", "1999-2001 The Directors (TV Series documentary)", "- The Films of Garry Marshall (2001) ... Himself", "- The Films of Steven Spielberg (2000) ... Himself", "- The Films of Ron Howard (1999) ... Himself", "- The Films of Nora Ephron ... Himself", "2001 Scene by Scene (TV Series)", "2001 The Big Breakfast (TV Series)", "2000 Behind the Scenes: Cast Away (Video documentary)", "Himself - Actor (segment Tom Hanks )", "- Notra Trulock/Tom Hanks/The Rosenberg Case (2000) ... Himself - Actor (segment Tom Hanks )", "2000 Shooting War (TV Movie documentary)", "- Return with Honor (2000) ... Himself - Narrator", "Himself / Paul Edgecomb", "1999 Stephen King: Shining in the Dark (TV Movie documentary)", "1999 The Story Behind Toy Story (Video documentary short)", "1999 The Miracle of The Green Mile (TV Short documentary)", "1998 Into the Breach: Saving Private Ryan (Video documentary short)", "1998 Return to Normandy (Video documentary)", "1998 Famous Families (TV Series documentary)", "- Tom Hanks and Rita Wilson: That Thing They Do (1998) ... Himself", "1998 Return with Honor (Documentary)", "- Show n\u00ba 121 (1998) ... Himself", "1998 Extra Rosa (TV Series)", "- The Space Program (1998) ... Himself - Guest", "- The Original Wives Club (1998) ... Himself - Host", "- Galileo Was Right (1998) ... Himself - Host", "- For Miles and Miles (1998) ... Himself - Host", "- We Interrupt This Program (1998) ... Himself - Host", "- That s All There Is (1998) ... Himself - Host", "1997 I Am Your Child (TV Movie documentary)", "1997 Ruby Wax Meets... (TV Series documentary)", "- Show #200 (1997) ... Himself", "1996 Lost Moon: The Triumph of Apollo 13 (Video documentary)", "- The Pallbearer/Barb Wire/Last Dance/The Great White Hype/The Craft (1996) ... Himself", "- The Quick and the Dead/Shallow Grave/The Jerky Boys: The Movie/Crumb (1995) ... Himself", "- Memo to the Academy - 1994 (1994) ... Himself", "1996 AFI Life Achievement Award: A Tribute to Steven Spielberg (TV Special documentary)", "Himself - Winner & Accepting Award for Favourite Dramatic Motion Picture / Favorite Motion Picture", "1996 2nd Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards (TV Special)", "1995 The Crypt Keeper Presents: A Spine-Tingling Look at Tales from the Crypt (Documentary short)", "1995 The Siskel & Ebert Interviews (TV Special)", "- Bald Star in Hot Oil Fest! (1995) ... Himself", "1995 The Celluloid Closet (Documentary)", "1995 The Making of Apollo 13 (Documentary short)", "1995 Barbra: The Concert (TV Special)", "Himself - Concert Attendee (uncredited)", "1995 Hasty Pudding Awards (TV Special)", "Himself - Winner, Presenter & Accepting Award for Favorite Motion Picture", "1995 1st Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards (TV Special)", "1994 The Wonderful World of Disney: 40 Years of Television Magic (TV Movie documentary)", "1994 Through the Eyes of Forrest Gump (TV Movie documentary)", "1994 Primer plano (TV Series)", "1994 The Essence Awards (TV Special)", "1994 The 5th Annual GLAAD Media Awards (TV Special)", "1994 Clive James (TV Series)", "1992 The 6th Annual American Comedy Awards (TV Special)", "1991 The Best of Disney: 50 Years of Magic (TV Movie documentary)", "1990 Joe Versus the Volcano: Behind the Scenes (Video documentary short)", "1989 Saturday Night Live: 15th Anniversary (TV Special)", "1988 The Media Show (TV Series documentary)", "1988 Aspel & Company (TV Series)", "2019 Tucker Carlson Tonight (TV Series)", "- Episode dated 7 February 2019 (2019) ... Himself - Actor", "Himself / Himself - The Love Boat / Himself - Author, Uncommon Type", "- ET s Exclusive First Look! (2019) ... Himself", "- Graham Norton s Good Guest Guide (2018) ... Himself", "- Barry Norman (2017) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- We All Have to Fight and Be Loud (2017) ... Himself", "2017 SNL Presents: Halloween (TV Movie)", "2017 Diana: The Day Britain Cried (TV Movie documentary)", "2017 Abandoned (TV Series documentary short)", "- Cancelled - The Tonight Show With Conan O Brien (2017) ... Himself", "2017 The Fabulous Allan Carr (Documentary)", "2017 Full Frontal with Samantha Bee (TV Series)", "- February 1, 2017 (2017) ... Viktor Navorski", "2017 National Endowment for the Arts: United States of Arts (TV Series documentary short)", "- American Film Institute (2017) ... Himself", "2017 50/50 (critique) (TV Mini-Series)", "- La Ligne Verte (2017)", "- Guest Co-Host Michael Buble/Tom Hanks/Blair Underwood/Abbi Jacobson (2016) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks/Priyanka Chopra (2015) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks/Josh Hutcherson/Colbie Caillat (2014) ... Himself", "- A New Year s Eve Retrospective (2013) ... Himself", "- The Best in Late Show Retrospectacular End-of-Year Wrapupabration! 1 (2016) ... Himself", "2016 Sully: Sully Sullenberger - The Man Behind the Miracle (Video documentary short)", "Himself - Chesley Sully Sullenberger", "- Episode dated 26 October 2016 (2016) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- Presidential Debate (2016) ... Himself", "- Hidden Treasures: We Find, You Keep (2015) ... Himself", "2016 There s Something About Romcoms (TV Movie documentary)", "Himself - Producer, My Big Fat Greek Wedding", "2016 Nostalgia Critic (TV Series)", "Forrest Gump / Captain Miller", "- When Are Critics Wrong? (2016) ... Forrest Gump / Captain Miller", "2016 Duels (TV Series documentary)", "- Elisabeth II - Lady Diana, Duel Royal (2016) ... Himself", "2016 Do They Know It? (TV Series)", "- Do Teens Know 90 s Romance Movies? (2016)", "Robbie Wheeling / Professor G.H. Dorr / Captain Miller / ...", "- Star Wars, Buster Keaton, Dinosaur (2016) ... Robbie Wheeling", "- Three Cases of Murder (2015) ... Professor G.H. Dorr", "- Catch-22 (2015) ... Captain Miller", "- Ishtar (2015) ... Josh", "2015 Els dies clau (TV Series documentary)", "- 25 de juliol de 1985: s anuncia que Rock Hudson t\u00e9 la sida (2015) ... Andrew Beckett", "2015 Keith Richards: Under the Influence (Documentary)", "- Out (2015) ... Andrew Beckett", "2015 Conspiracy (TV Series documentary)", "- The Nazi King (2015) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- Guests: gTime Johnny and PaulsEgo - Erotic Brony Fiction - Wild Bill - And More! (2015) ... Himself", "2014 Animation Lookback (TV Series documentary)", "- The Best of Stop Motion - Ray Harryhausen 2/2 (2014) ... Himself", "2014 That s Life!! Kilorenzos Smith in Talks... (TV Series documentary)", "- 2nd Indie Fest of YouTube Videos 2014 (2014) ... Himself", "2014 Walking the Mile (Director s Cut) (Video documentary)", "2014 Somewhere Over the Rainbow (TV Movie documentary)", "Andrew Beckett (uncredited)", "2014 The Greatest 80s Movies (TV Movie documentary)", "2014 Stop at Nothing: The Lance Armstrong Story (Documentary)", "- Amanda Seyfried/Will Ferrell and Chad Smith/Red Hot Chili Peppers (2014) ... Himself (uncredited)", "- Bill Cosby/Joby Ogwyn/Nathan East (2014) ... Himself (uncredited)", "2014 You Can t Kill Tom Hanks! Interview mit Regisseur Joe Dante (Video documentary short)", "Ray Peterson (uncredited)", "2014 The Second Annual On Cinema Oscar Special (TV Special)", "2013 Greatest Ever Christmas Movies (TV Movie documentary)", "- Episode #22.48 (2013) ... Captain Richard Phillips", "2013 Saturday Night Live: Halloween (TV Special)", "The Merryville Brothers (uncredited)", "- Movie Guide 2: Part 13 (2013) ... Captain Richard Phillips", "2013 Killing Lincoln: An Interview with Author Bill O Reilly (Video documentary short)", "2013 Uncovering the Truth: Killing Lincoln (Documentary short)", "2012 1002 Momentos de la tele (TV Series)", "2012 Fox Files (TV Series)", "- Sinatra Jr. Kidnaping/Super Dogs!/Gary Sinise, Man on a Mission (2012) ... Forrest Gump", "Himself - Academy Award Winning Actor", "- Whistleblowers (2011) ... Himself - Award Winning Actor", "- Until It Happens to You (2011) ... Himself - Award Winning Actor", "2011 The Extraordinary Voyage (Documentary)", "Rick Gassko / Himself / Paul Edgecomb", "- Tawny Kitaen (2011) ... Rick Gassko", "- Dustin Hoffman: First in His Class (2002) ... Himself", "- Stephen King: Fear, Fame and Fortune (2000) ... Paul Edgecomb", "2011 Today Tonight (TV Series)", "- Episode dated 8 March 2011 (2011) ... Woody", "Walter Fielding, Jr.", "- Especial redoblajes (2011) ... Walter Fielding, Jr. (uncredited)", "2011 Saturday Night Live Backstage (TV Special documentary)", "2008-2010 That Fellow in the Coat (TV Series)", "- A Look Back at the Animated Features of 2010 (2010) ... Woody", "- Character Profile: The Toy Story Aliens (2008) ... Woody", "2010 Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy (Video documentary)", "Dr. Robert Langdon (uncredited)", "- Kings Ransom (2009) ... Himself (uncredited)", "2009 Io sono l amore", "2008-2009 5 Second Movies (TV Series)", "Forrest Gump / Josh Baskin", "- Forrest Gump (2009) ... Forrest Gump", "- Big (2008) ... Josh Baskin", "2008 The Magical World of Trains (Video documentary)", "2008 Ceremonia de inauguraci\u00f3n - 56\u00ba Festival internacional de cine de San Sebasti\u00e1n (TV Special)", "Himself / Himself - Patriot (segment Pinheads & Patriots )", "- Episode dated 7 July 2008 (2008) ... Himself - Patriot (segment Pinheads & Patriots )", "- Movies (2007) ... Josh", "2007 Saturday Night Live in the 90s: Pop Culture Nation (TV Special documentary)", "2007 Canada A.M. (TV Series)", "2006 The Queen", "Himself / Sherman McCoy / Jimmy Dugan / ... (uncredited)", "2006 The Sci-Fi Boys (Documentary)", "Walter Fielding Jr.", "- Episode dated 14 March 2006 (2006) ... Walter Fielding Jr.", "2006 Who Killed the Electric Car? (Documentary)", "- Shredded Plane (2006) ... Chuck Noland", "2005 El oficio de actor (TV Movie documentary)", "2005 Saturday Night Live: The Best of Jon Lovitz (TV Special)", "Various Characters (uncredited)", "2005 I Love the 90s: Part Deux (TV Series documentary)", "Himself / Various", "2004 101 Biggest Celebrity Oops (TV Special documentary)", "2003 Get Up, Stand Up (TV Series documentary)", "- What s Going On (2003) ... Himself (uncredited)", "2003 I Love the 80s Strikes Back (TV Series documentary)", "- 35 Years and 60 Minutes (2003) ... Himself - Actor", "- Wie wenig \u00fcberraschend Fernsehen sein kann. (2003) ... Carl Hanratty", "2001 Backstory (TV Series documentary)", "- Big (2001) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks & Rita Wilson (2000) ... Himself", "- Tom Hanks", "2000 Lord Stanley s Cup: Hockey s Ultimate Prize (Video documentary)", "Himself / Josh / Rick Gassko", "Mr. Short-Term Memory (uncredited)", "Barry the Roadie (uncredited)", "- Om filmen R\u00e4dda menige Ryan (1998) ... Himself", "1998 Sharon Stone - Una mujer de 100 caras (TV Movie documentary)", "1998 The Harryhausen Chronicles (TV Movie documentary)", "1996 The Universal Story (TV Movie documentary)", "- One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1995) ... Himself - Actor", "- Quadriplegia, Nymphomania, and HIV-Positive Night (1995) ... Andrew Beckett", "1993 Hard Copy (TV Series)", "- Celebrity Past Live (1993) ... Himself", "1993 The Best of Saturday Night Live: 1989 (Video)", "1992 Saturday Night Live: Presidential Bash (TV Special)", "Peter Jennings (uncredited)", "1992 Best of Saturday Night Live: Special Edition (Video)", "1986 Thompson Twins: Nothing in Common (Video short)", "1999: TV commercial for The National World War II Memorial See more \u00bb", "1 Biographical Movie | 3 Print Biographies | 26 Interviews | 48 Articles | 9 Pictorials | 66 Magazine Cover Photos | See more \u00bb", "Tomu Hankusu", "[on Harvey Weinstein] We re at a watershed moment, this is a sea change. His last name will become a noun and a verb. It will become an identifying moniker for a state of being for which there was a before and an after. See more \u00bb", "Attended California State University, Sacramento. See more \u00bb", "Frequently plays ordinary characters in extraordinary situations See more \u00bb" ] }, { "url": "https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/forrest-gump-opens-wins-hanks-a-second-oscar", "title": "Forrest Gump opens wins Tom Hanks a second Oscar HISTORY", "content": [ "\u201cForrest Gump\u201d opens, wins Tom Hanks a second Oscar", "On this day in 1994, the movie Forrest Gump opens in U.S. theaters. A huge box-office success, the film starred Tom Hanks in the title role of Forrest, a good-hearted man with a low I.Q. who winds up at the center of key cultural and historical events of the second half of the 20th century.", "Forrest Gump was based on a 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom, who (like his main character) grew up in Alabama and served in the Army during Vietnam. In the film\u2013which included now-famous lines like \u201cLife is like a box of chocolates. You never know what you\u2019re gonna get\u201d\u2013Forrest is a star runner and ping-pong prodigy who inadvertently rubs elbows with the key figures in a number of landmark events, from Elvis to the Civil Rights Movement to Watergate to the rise of Apple computers. He pursues and eventually marries his childhood friend Jenny, played by Robin Wright Penn, who veered from Forrest\u2019s conservative path and became a hippie in the 1960s. Some commentators argued that Jenny\u2019s eventual demise was a statement about the counter-culture movement in America.", "Forrest Gump received 13 Academy Award nominations and took home six Oscars, including Best Picture, Best Actor in a Leading Role (Hanks) and Best Director (Robert Zemeckis). The film also won an Oscar for its then-cutting-edge computer-generated imagery (CGI) special effects, which incorporated Forrest Gump into existing news footage with famous world figures including John F. Kennedy, John Lennon and Richard Nixon.", "The win was Hanks\u2019 second in the Best Actor category. A year earlier, the actor had nabbed an Oscar for his starring role as a lawyer with AIDS in Philadelphia (1993). With Forrest Gump, Hanks became only the second actor, after Spencer Tracy, to win back-to-back Oscars. In addition to his Oscar wins, he was nominated for Academy Awards in the Best Actor category for his performances in Big (1988), Saving Private Ryan (1998) and Cast Away (2000).", "https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/forrest-gump-opens-wins-hanks-a-second-oscar", "Major League Baseball\u2019s first All-Star Game is held", "On this day in 1933, Major League Baseball\u2019s first All-Star Game took place at Chicago\u2019s Comiskey Park. The brainchild of a determined sports editor, the event was designed to bolster the sport and improve its reputation during the darkest years of the Great Depression. ...read more", "Congress issues a \u201cDeclaration on the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms\u201d", "On this day in 1775, one day after restating their fidelity to King George III and wishing him \u201ca long and prosperous reign\u201d in the Olive Branch Petition, Congress sets \u201cforth the causes and necessity of their taking up arms\u201d against British authority in the American colonies. ...read more", "Fire engulfs circus big top in Hartford, killing 167", "In Hartford, Connecticut, a fire breaks out under the big top of the Ringling Bros. and Barnum Bailey Circus, killing 167 people and injuring 682. Two-thirds of those who perished were children. The cause of the fire was unknown, but it spread at incredible speed, racing up the ...read more", "Women inducted into U.S. Naval Academy for the first time", "In Annapolis, Maryland, the United States Naval Academy admits women for the first time in its history with the induction of 81 female midshipmen. In May 1980, Elizabeth Anne Rowe became the first woman member of the class to graduate. Four years later, Kristine Holderied became ...read more", "Anne Frank\u2019s family takes refuge", "In Nazi-occupied Holland, 13-year-old Jewish diarist Anne Frank and her family are forced to take refuge in a secret sealed-off area of an Amsterdam warehouse. The day before, Anne\u2019s older sister, Margot, had received a call-up notice to be deported to a Nazi \u201cwork camp.\u201d Born in ...read more", "Althea Gibson is first African American to win Wimbledon", "On this day in 1957, Althea Gibson claims the women\u2019s singles tennis title at Wimbledon and becomes the first African American to win a championship at London\u2019s All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Gibson was born on August 25, 1927, in Silver, South Carolina, and raised in ...read more", "George Walker Bush is born", "On this day in 1946, George Walker Bush, the son of future President George Herbert Walker Bush, is born in New Haven, Connecticut. When he was two years old, Bush\u2019s parents moved to Texas. where the elder Bush worked in the oil industry. Bush was nicknamed \u201cDubya\u201d for his middle ...read more", "Mark Twain begins reporting in Virginia City", "Writing under the name of Mark Twain, Samuel Clemens begins publishing news stories in the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise. Born in Missouri in 1835, Clemens followed a circuitous route to becoming an observer and writer of the American West. As a young man he apprenticed as ...read more", "John Lennon meets Paul McCartney for the first time", "The front-page headline of the Liverpool Evening Express on July 6, 1957, read \u201cMERSEYSIDE SIZZLES,\u201d in reference to the heat wave then gripping not just northern England, but all of Europe. The same headline could well have been used over a story that received no coverage at all ...read more", "Dalai Lama, leader of Tibet and bestselling author, is born", "On this day, an infant named Tenzin Gyatso, future leader of Tibet and bestselling author, is born to a peasant family in Takster, Tibet. At age two, he will be declared the Dalai Lama. In 1999, he will have two bestsellers on the nonfiction lists. In 1937, the child was ...read more", "George \u201cBugs\u201d Moran is arrested", "FBI agents arrest George \u201cBugs\u201d Moran, along with fellow crooks Virgil Summers and Albert Fouts, in Kentucky. Once one of the biggest organized crime figures in America, Moran had been reduced to small bank robberies by this time. He died in prison 11 years later. Bugs Moran\u2019s ...read more", "Civil war breaks out in Nigeria", "Five weeks after its secession from Nigeria, the breakaway Republic of Biafra is attacked by Nigerian government forces. In 1960, Nigeria gained independence from Britain. Six years later, the Muslim Hausas in northern Nigeria began massacring the Christian Igbos in the region, ...read more" ] }, { "url": "https://deadline.com/2020/02/academy-museum-of-motion-pictures-opening-date-oscars-1202855663/", "title": "Academy Museum Opening Date Unveiled During Oscars Deadline", "content": [ "Academy Museum Opening Date Unveiled During Oscars", "UPDATED with video: Tom Hanks took the stage at the 92nd Oscars on Sunday and said the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences\u2019 Academy Museum of Motion Pictures will open Monday, December 14, 2020.", "Hanks is a museum trustee and co-chair of the Academy Museum campaign, along with co-chair Annette Bening and chair Bob Iger.", "Major construction has been completed on the Academy Museum\u2019s building, designed by Renzo Piano and located in Los Angeles\u2019 Miracle Mile district at Wilshire Boulevard and Fairfax Ave. The museum recently announced it has reached the 95% mark in its $388 million pre-opening funding campaign, with installing exhibits now underway.", "Mike Nelson/EPA-EFE/Shutterstock", "The museum has undergone several delays, but on Friday unveiled its gleaming new 1,000-seat David Geffen Theater during a tour on the eve of Oscar weekend.", "AMPAS said earlier in the week that it has reached 95% of its funding goal, raising more than $368 million in pledges and cash, near its $388 million pre-opening campaign goal. The Campaign for the Academy Museum was launched in 2012, headed by chair Bob Iger and co-chairs Annette Bening and Hanks", "The 300,000-square-foot public and exhibition space is in its final exhibition design, build-out, and testing stages. But naming rights include for the Barbra Streisand Bridge, the Steve Tisch Terrace, the East West Bank Gallery, which includes the Oscars Experience, and the Bob Iger and Willow Bay Terrace." ] }, { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tom-Hanks", "title": "Tom Hanks Biography Movies Facts Britannica", "content": [ "Alternative Title: Thomas J. Hanks", "Tom Hanks, in full Thomas J. Hanks, (born July 9, 1956, Concord, California, U.S.), American actor whose cheerful everyman persona made him a natural for starring roles in many popular films. In the 1990s he expanded his comedic repertoire and began portraying lead characters in dramas.", "After a nomadic childhood, Hanks majored in drama at California State University and performed in summer stock in Cleveland, Ohio, playing a variety of classical roles. In the late 1970s he moved to New York City, where he had a small part in a horror film in 1980.", "Hanks gained notice for his comic abilities as a costar of the television series Bosom Buddies (1980\u201382). His work in the hit film Splash (1984) earned him leads in other comedies, including Bachelor Party (1984), Volunteers (1985), and The Money Pit (1986). He successfully mixed comedy with drama in Nothing in Common (1986) and Punchline (1988), and his portrayal of a boy in an adult body in Big (1988) earned him an Academy Award nomination and launched him on the path to becoming one of the era\u2019s most popular stars.", "After starring opposite actress Meg Ryan in the romantic comedy Joe Versus the Volcano (1990), Hanks reteamed with her in Sleepless in Seattle (1993) and You\u2019ve Got Mail (1998), both directed by Nora Ephron. He portrayed the drunken manager of a women\u2019s baseball team in the comedy A League of Their Own (1992) and delivered an Oscar-winning performance as a gay lawyer with AIDS in Philadelphia (1993). Another Academy Award, for the phenomenally popular Forrest Gump (1994), made him the first actor to win back-to-back best actor Oscars since Spencer Tracy.", "Hanks earned further Oscar nominations for outstanding dramatic performances in Saving Private Ryan (1998), which was directed by Steven Spielberg, and Cast Away (2000). Additional dramatic roles came in Apollo 13 (1995), The Green Mile (1999), and Road to Perdition (2002). In the blockbuster Toy Story series (1995, 1999, 2010), Hanks provided the voice of the animated cowboy Woody.", "In 2002 Hanks starred with Leonardo DiCaprio in Spielberg\u2019s Catch Me If You Can, and he portrayed Robert Langdon, a professor of symbology, in the 2006 film adaptation of Dan Brown\u2019s hugely popular The Da Vinci Code; he reprised the role of Langdon in Angels & Demons (2009) and Inferno (2016). In Charlie Wilson\u2019s War (2007), Hanks appeared as the real-life senator Charlie Wilson, who assisted the Afghan resistance to the Soviets in the 1980s, and he later portrayed a father killed in the September 11 attacks in the drama Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close (2011). For the mystical epic Cloud Atlas (2012), which wove together multiple narratives, he took on six roles, ranging from a 19th-century surgeon to a postapocalyptic tribesman.", "Tom Hanks and Julia Roberts in Charlie Wilson s War (2007). \u00a9 Francois Duhamel\u2014Participant Media, LLC", "In 2013 Hanks made his Broadway debut in Lucky Guy, a play by Ephron based on the life of journalist Mike McAlary, and he captured a Tony Award nomination for his starring performance as the colourful hard-nosed newsman. Later that year he returned to the big screen with Captain Phillips, a drama based on the true story of an American cargo ship hijacked by Somali pirates in 2009, and Saving Mr. Banks, a comedy based on the efforts of Walt Disney to obtain the film rights to P.L. Travers\u2019s novel Mary Poppins (1934). Hanks then portrayed lawyer James B. Donovan, who defended (1957) Soviet spy Rudolf Abel and later orchestrated his 1962 release in exchange for American pilot Francis Gary Powers, in Steven Spielberg\u2019s Cold War drama Bridge of Spies (2015).", "A Hologram for the King (2016), an adaptation of a novel by Dave Eggers, starred Hanks as a salesman who journeys to Saudi Arabia in an attempt to revive his fortunes. Also in 2016 he appeared as the title character in Sully, Clint Eastwood\u2019s drama based on the true story of a commercial airline pilot who made an emergency landing in the Hudson River. After starring in The Circle, Hanks reunited with Spielberg for The Post (both 2017), about publication of the Pentagon Papers. In the drama, he portrayed Ben Bradlee, executive editor of The Washington Post.", "In addition to his acting, Hanks wrote and directed the comedy That Thing You Do! (1996), about a fictional 1960s rock band. He later cowrote, directed, and starred opposite Julia Roberts in the romance Larry Crowne (2011), playing an unemployed man who enrolls in community college. Hanks also produced a number of films and such television miniseries as From the Earth to the Moon (1998), which documents the Apollo space program, and the World War II dramas Band of Brothers (2001) and The Pacific (2010). In 2009 he narrated Beyond All Boundaries, a documentary about World War II that used animation, archival footage, and sensory effects, including shaking seats; the 35-minute film was produced for the National World War II Museum in New Orleans. He also wrote the short-story collection Uncommon Type (2017).", "Hanks was the recipient of numerous acting awards. In addition, he received a Kennedy Center Honor in 2014 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016.", "Steven Spielberg: The 1990s", "Tom Hanks portrayed Captain John Miller, who leads the mission, and the strong cast also includes Matt Damon in the title role, along with Tom Sizemore, Edward Burns, Barry Pepper, Adam Goldberg, Giovanni Ribisi, Ted Danson, and Vin Diesel. Saving Private Ryan was nominated for\u2026", "\u2026intellectually disabled man (played by Tom Hanks) in an unlikely fable that earned critical praise, large audiences, and six Academy Awards, including best picture.\u2026", "drama Philadelphia (1993) starred Tom Hanks in an Oscar-winning turn as a homosexual lawyer fired after being diagnosed with AIDS. Beloved (1998), an adaptation of Toni Morrison\u2019s novel, featured Oprah Winfrey as a former slave haunted by her past misdeeds. Rachel Getting Married (2008) follows a young woman (Anne\u2026", "California State University, extensive system of public institutions of higher education in California, U.S., one of the largest such systems in the country. It has campuses at Bakersfield, Channel Islands (at Camarillo), Chico, Dominguez Hills (at Carson), East Bay, Fresno, Fullerton, Long Beach, Los Angeles, Monterey Bay (at Seaside), Northridge,\u2026", "Cleveland, city, seat (1810) of Cuyahoga county, northeastern Ohio, U.S. It is a major St. Lawrence Seaway port on the southern shore of Lake Erie, at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River. Greater Cleveland sprawls along the lake for about 100 miles (160 km) and runs more than 40 miles\u2026", "More About Tom Hanks", "\u201cForrest Gump\u201d", "In Forrest Gump", "In Jonathan Demme", "In Steven Spielberg: The 1990s", "Turner Classic Movies - Biography of Tom Hanks", "AllMovie - Biography of Tom Hanks", "Los Angeles Times Hollywood Star Walk - Tom Hanks", "Tom Hanks - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)", "\u201cThe Bonfire of the Vanities\u201d", "Sam Rockwell - Facts" ] }, { "url": "https://variety.com/1995/film/news/tom-hanks-joins-back-to-back-oscar-elite-1201345110/", "title": "Tom Hanks Joins Back to Oscar Elite Variety", "content": [ "Tom Hanks Joins Back-to-Back Oscar Elite", "By Rex Weiner", "Rex Weiner", "\u2018Tomorrow\u2019 focus of suit", "TIMES ARE A-CHANGING ADS", "Slamdance lineup set", "The first time Hollywood gave its highest accolade to an actor two years in a row, Franklin Roosevelt was president, the Depression hung over the land and Luise Rainer was Oscar\u2019s two-time winner for \u201cThe Great Ziegfeld\u201d and \u201cThe Good Earth.\u201d", "Now, in an era when career ebbs and flows seem to occur even more quickly, Tom Hanks has pulled off this rare accomplishment. If the Oscar is a bellwether of the American psyche it indicates the actor has touched a national nerve.", "Indeed, responding backstage after the awards Monday night to being called the Jimmy Stewart of this generation. Hanks said, \u201cI would never make a claim to that but if anyone wants to label me in that way I think I could not afford higher praise.\u201d", "A closer comparison might be to Spencer Tracy, whose roles for I937\u2019s \u201cCaptains Courageous\u201d and 1938s \u201cBoys Town\u201d spoke to hard issues of the time, questions of social class and individual struggle. Hanks\u2019 two winning roles in \u201cPhiladelphia\u201d and \u201cGump\u201d similarly tackle painful issues of discrimination and individual survival in difficult times.", "Tracy was best known for playing fundamentally decent characters whose innate wisdom won the day in spite of outward flaws. Hanks also is one of the few American actors of recent times to reach such a career pinnacle without having slaughtered masses of onscreen foes.", "Hanks is the fifth actor to win back-to-back Oscars after Rainer in 1936-37, followed by Tracy in 1937-38, Katharine Hepburn in 1967-68 and Jason Robards (for supporting actor) in 1976-77.", "With Oscar in hand, Hanks was in a generous mood, noting that Paramount at first was reluctant to pay for a wrap party, due to the film\u2019s $55 million price tag.", "\u201cIt was a very expensive movie,\u201d said Hanks. \u201cI didn\u2019t know anything about the wrap party, but believe me, we\u2019re all evened out right now.", "When asked about the biggest event of the day leading up to the awards ceremony. Hanks told the press, \u201cWell, the upstairs bathroom started leaking for some reason. It was coming down right in the kitchen. It was leaking because my daughter was taking a bath upstairs and had too much water. I used literally a Bubba Gump Shrimp ice chest to catch the water. Thank God for Bubba Gump Shrimp.\u201d", "Hanks will next portray astronaut Jim Lovell in \u201cApollo 13,\u201d directed by Ron Howard. Howard helmed \u201cSplash,\u201d the 1984 hit that was Hanks\u2019 breakthrough film.", "Steven Spielberg, Tom Hanks and Elton John at the 66th Academy Awards. photo credit: Kevin Mazur Archive 1/WireImage", "Looking forward to the Universal release this summer. Hanks was Gumpishly enthusiastic last night: \u201cIt\u2019s wild, man, wait till you see some of the stuff we did. You won\u2019t believe your eyes.\u201d", "Monday night\u2019s win posed the most crucial question of all to Hanks: Does this second Oscar pretty much eliminate the possibility of a \u201cBosom Buddies\u201d reunion? \u201cNo,\u201d replied the former sitcom star cheerfully. \u201cI\u2019m hoping it\u2019s paving the way.\u201d", "As for the possibility of making it a hat trick. Hanks cracked, \u201cI think if I am nominated for anything next year, there will be a collective wave of suicide jumpers from the third tier of the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion. I don\u2019t think they\u2019ll allow it to happen.\u201d", "Anita M. 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I know we can all think of a movie by him and pick out our favorite moment. Which is your favorite Forrest Gump moment? ", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616078147 }, { "action": "Wizard => SearchAgent", "text": "forrest gump", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616078163 }, { "action": "SearchAgent => Wizard", "text": "", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0109830/", "title": "Forrest Gump 1994 IMDb", "content": [ "PG-13 | 2h 22min | Drama, Romance | 6 July 1994 (USA)", "Winston Groom (novel), Eric Roth (screenplay)", "Tom Hanks, Robin Wright, Gary Sinise | See full cast & crew \u00bb", "When Will the Oscars Get It Right?", "Rajkummar Rao s Watchlist", "Stream Top U.S. Box Office Movies With Prime Video", "365 days of my favorites", "Nog kijken", "Search for Forrest Gump on Amazon.com", "Title: Forrest Gump (1994)", "The Real Top 35 Hollywood Blockbusters of All Time - Inflation Adjusted", "If Classic Movie Quotes were Politically Correct", "Best Adapted Screenplay Winners in IMDb Top 250", "90s Movie to TV Series", "Top Rated Movies #12 | Won 6 Oscars. Another 40 wins & 68 nominations. See more awards \u00bb", "Stars: Tim Robbins, Morgan Freeman, Bob Gunton", "Stars: Leonardo DiCaprio, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Ellen Page", "The lives of guards on Death Row are affected by one of their charges: a black man accused of child murder and rape, yet who has a mysterious gift.", "Stars: Tom Hanks, Michael Clarke Duncan, David Morse", "Stars: Christian Bale, Heath Ledger, Aaron Eckhart", "Stars: Elijah Wood, Viggo Mortensen, Ian McKellen", "A meek Hobbit from the Shire and eight companions set out on a journey to destroy the powerful One Ring and save Middle-earth from the Dark Lord Sauron.", "Stars: Elijah Wood, Ian McKellen, Orlando Bloom", "Tom Hanks ... Forrest Gump", "Rebecca Williams ... Nurse at Park Bench", "Sally Field ... Mrs. Gump", "Michael Conner Humphreys ... Young Forrest", "Harold G. Herthum ... Doctor (as Harold Herthum)", "George Kelly ... Barber", "Bob Penny ... Crony", "John Randall ... Crony", "Sam Anderson ... Principal", "Margo Moorer ... Louise", "Ione M. Telech ... Elderly Woman", "Christine Seabrook ... Elderly Woman s Daughter", "John Worsham ... Southern Gentleman / Landowner", "Peter Dobson ... Young Elvis Presley", "Siobhan Fallon Hogan ... School Bus Driver (as Siobhan J. Fallon)", "Forrest Gump is a simple man with a low I.Q. but good intentions. He is running through childhood with his best and only friend Jenny. His mama teaches him the ways of life and leaves him to choose his destiny. Forrest joins the army for service in Vietnam, finding new friends called Dan and Bubba, he wins medals, creates a famous shrimp fishing fleet, inspires people to jog, starts a ping-pong craze, creates the smiley, writes bumper stickers and songs, donates to people and meets the president several times. However, this is all irrelevant to Forrest who can only think of his childhood sweetheart Jenny Curran, who has messed up her life. Although in the end all he wants to prove is that anyone can love anyone. Written by aliw135", "vietnam war | amputee | war hero | vietnam | mother | See All (242) \u00bb", "Life is like a box of chocolates...you never know what you re gonna get. See more \u00bb", "Rated PG-13 for drug content, some sensuality and war violence | See all certifications \u00bb", "Forrest Gump: The IMAX Experience See more \u00bb", "Monument Valley, Arizona, USA See more \u00bb", "Paramount Pictures See more \u00bb", "DTS (The Digital Experience)| Dolby SR | SDDS", "The movie was named as one of The 20 Most Overrated Movies Of All Time by Premiere. See more \u00bb", "The whole time Forrest was in the Army, not once did any one wear Military Issue Dog Tags. In actuality a soldier will be wearing them at all times. And during the Vietnam War all soldiers were to have at least on Dog Tag tied in their Boot Laces. See more \u00bb", "Forrest Gump: Hello. My name s Forrest, Forrest Gump. You want a chocolate?", "Two additional historical figure scenes which didn t make the final cut appear on the DVD version:", "Gump plays Ping-Pong with George H. Bush and hits him in the crotch.", "Jenny talks to Gump about the fact that she has just been accepted to a college. Gump sees a civil rights march, which he believes is a parade. Guard dogs advance towards Gump, but he is able to fend them off by throwing a stick, since he knew them when he was younger. He apologizes to Martin Luther King for interrupting the parade, saying they re just dogs and don t know any better.", "Spoofed in Senior Trip (1995) See more \u00bb", "Performed by The Doobie Brothers", "Q: Does Forrest Gump have any political agenda?", "Q: What is a Million-Dollar Wound ?", "Q: Is Forrest Gump based on a book?", "Even After Twenty Years the Film Still Holds Up", "30 April 2016 | by Michael_Elliott \u2013 See all my reviews", "Forrest Gump (Tom Hanks), a slow but simple man from Alabama takes us through decades of his life, which includes various historical settings but all the while his heart is on Jenny (Robin Wright Penn), a childhood friend.", "FORREST GUMP was released and quickly became a huge hit and ended up winning many Oscars. Today, for whatever reason, the film seems to be hated by many people because of the movies it beat out. I ve never really understood putting too much importance on Oscars or any other award show and I really don t understand why one movie must take a beating just because of what films it beat out. ORDINARY PEOPLE takes a beating because it beat RAGING BULL. Something like DANCES WITH WOLVES takes a beating because it beat GOODFELLAS. Then there s FORREST GUMP that takes a beating because it beat out PULP FICTION or THE SHAWSHANK REDEMPTION.", "As far as the film itself goes I think this is a great one. I ve always liked how the film took a look at a simple person s life and a simple person who is always in very big situations yet never really understands it. There are countless bits of dialogue that are remembered by mans and they ve entered the public IQ but the one dealing with knowing what love is is the one that always caught my attention as far as what this film is about. To me Gump goes through all these historic things yet it s always his love for Jenny that is the heart of the picture.", "I thought the story itself was quite great and especially how we take a look at American history through the 60s, 70s and 80s. I know some people make this a political movie but I ve always found that to be rather foolish. The film has a wonderful soundtrack to highlight the various eras that are shown and we also get some clever use of CGI to put Gump in the presence of people like JFK and Richard Nixon. The screenplay hits all the right notes and there s no question that technically speaking the film is impressive.", "Then there are the performances that really make the movie. Hanks picked up his second Best Actor award and while I personally would have given it to Paul Newman for his performance in NOBODY S FOOL, there s no question that Hanks is great here. He certainly nailed that simple man and there s not a false moment in the performance. Gary Sinise is wonderful in his role as is Mykelti Williamson in his small bit. Robin Wright Penn is the perfect opposite to Hank s character and Sally Field is good as well.", "No matter what people say, FORREST GUMP is still a wonderful little gem that has a lot of great things in it." ] }, { "url": "https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/forrest_gump", "title": "Forrest Gump 1994 Rotten Tomatoes", "content": [ "Critics Consensus: Forrest Gump may be an overly sentimental film with a somewhat problematic message, but its sweetness and charm are usually enough to approximate true depth and grace.", "Critic Consensus: Forrest Gump may be an overly sentimental film with a somewhat problematic message, but its sweetness and charm are usually enough to approximate true depth and grace.", "Forrest Gump Videos", "Forrest Gump: Trailer 1", "Forrest Gump Photos", "Stupid is as stupid does, says Forrest Gump (played by Tom Hanks in an Oscar-winning performance) as he discusses his relative level of intelligence with a stranger while waiting for a bus. Despite his sub-normal IQ, Gump leads a truly charmed life, with a ringside seat for many of the most memorable events of the second half of the 20th century. Entirely without trying, Forrest teaches Elvis Presley to dance, becomes a football star, meets John F. Kennedy, serves with honor in Vietnam, meets Lyndon Johnson, speaks at an anti-war rally at the Washington Monument, hangs out with the Yippies, defeats the Chinese national team in table tennis, meets Richard Nixon, discovers the break-in at the Watergate, opens a profitable shrimping business, becomes an original investor in Apple Computers, and decides to run back and forth across the country for several years. Meanwhile, as the remarkable parade of his life goes by, Forrest never forgets Jenny (Robin Wright Penn), the girl he loved as a boy, who makes her own journey through the turbulence of the 1960s and 1970s that is far more troubled than the path Forrest happens upon. Featured alongside Tom Hanks are Sally Field as Forrest s mother; Gary Sinise as his commanding officer in Vietnam; Mykelti Williamson as his ill-fated Army buddy who is familiar with every recipe that involves shrimp; and the special effects artists whose digital magic place Forrest amidst a remarkable array of historical events and people. ~ Mark Deming, Rovi", "PG-13 (for drug content, some sensuality and war violence)", "Jul 6, 1994 wide", "as Forrest Gump", "as Jenny Curran", "as Lt. Dan Taylor", "as Bubba Blue", "as Mrs. Gump", "as Forrest Jr.", "as Young Forrest Gump", "as Young Jenny Curran", "as Nurse at the Park Bench", "as Wesley", "as Barber", "as Crony", "as Principal", "Ione M. Telech", "as Elderly Woman s Daughter", "as Southern Gentleman", "as Young Elvis Presley", "as School Bus Driver", "Alexander Zemeckis", "as School Bus Boy", "Logan Livingston Gomez", "Ben Waddel", "as School Bus Girl", "as Red Headed Boy", "John William Galt", "as President Johnson", "as Boy with Cross", "Grady Bowman", "as Fat Boy", "as Jenny s Father", "Fay Genens", "as Jenny s Grandmother", "Frank Geyer", "as Richard M. Nixon", "as Red Headed Teen", "as Fat Teen", "Pete Auster", "as Teen with Cross", "as College Football Coach", "as High School Football Coach", "Daniel Striepeke", "as Recruiter", "as Jenny s Babysitter", "Bruce Lucvia", "as Kick Off Return Player", "Kirk Ward", "as Lt. Venetti", "Angela Lomas", "as Black Student", "Timothy Record", "Deborah McTeer", "as Woman with Child on Park Bench", "as Jenny s Date", "as 1st Local Anchor", "Bob Harks", "as University Dean", "as Army Recruiter", "Kenneth Bevington", "as Army Bus Driver", "as Bus Recruit", "Marlena Smalls", "as Bubba s Mother", "Kitty K. Green", "as Bubba s Great Grandmother", "as Drill Sargeant", "as Barracks Recruits", "Dante McCarthy", "as Topless Girl", "Paulie DiCocco III", "as Club Patron", "Michael Kemmerling", "John Voldstad", "Jeffrey Winner", "as Pick-Up Truck Driver", "Daniel J. Gillooly", "as Helicopter Gunman", "Calvin Gadsden", "as Sargeant Sims", "Aaron Izbicki", "as Cleveland", "as Fat Man on Beach", "Michael McFall", "as Army Hospital Male Nurse", "as Mail Call Soldier", "Stephan Derelian", "as Wounded Soldier", "Bonnie Ann Burgess", "as Army Nurse", "as 1st National Correspondent", "as Hilary", "Isabel Rose", "as Veteran at War Rally", "Richard D Allesandro", "as Abbie Hoffman", "Dick Stilwell", "as Policeman at War Rally", "as Black Panther", "as Hippie at Commune", "as Hollywood Boulevard Girl", "Paul Raczkowski", "as Man in VW Bug", "as Chinese Ping Pong Player", "Marla Sucharetza", "as Lenore", "Aloysius Gigl", "as Musician Boyfriend", "Jack Bowden", "as 4th National Correspondent", "as Discharge Officer", "Benson W. Terry", "as Stanley Loomis", "Matt Rebenkoff", "as Drugged Out Boyfriend", "Peter Bannon", "as 2nd Local Correspondent", "as 2nd Local Anchor", "as Elderly Southern Woman", "Natalie Hendrix", "as 3rd Local Anchor", "Hallie D Amore", "as Waitress in Cafe", "as Running Double", "Chiffonye Cobb", "as Hannibal Reporter", "Juan Singleton", "Bobby K. Richardson", "as Young Man Running", "Charles Boswell", "as Aging Hippie", "Tim McNeil", "as Wild Eyed Man", "Lonnie Hamilton", "as The Minister", "Teresa Denton", "as Lieutenant Dan s Fiancee", "News & Interviews for Forrest Gump", "Nicholas Sparks\u2019 Five Favorite Films", "Just Add Aretha: 11 Movie Moments Made Awesome By Aretha Franklin\u2019s Music", "Which of These 19 Movies Should Never Be Remade?", "Critic Reviews for Forrest Gump", "I can t see how people with low I.Q.s or those who love them are in any way comforted by all this hogwash. I can easily see how such people might be offended by its smug unreality.", "Contrasting Forrest s unassuming innocence with the upheavals and rancor of the times, the film is a wisely goofy commentary on the stupidity of smartness.", "Duane Byrge", "Forrest Gump, the new Tom Hanks movie directed by Robert Zemeckis, is a one-of-a-kind treat.", "A dark and driven work, haunted by violence, cruelty and a sense of the tragically absurd.", "So afraid to dredge up debate that when Forrest is handed a mic at an antiwar rally, someone unplugs the speakers so we can t hear him - fitting for a movie with nothing to say.", "It s most successful when it is being off-center, a state of grace it doesn t quite have the nerve to maintain.", "Fifty years from now, Forrest Gump will probably seem hopelessly quaint, cryptic, even ridiculous. Today, however, Gump, the much talked about summer fable starring Tom Hanks, is a tonic for an age of cancerous cynicism.", "Only in America could you envision a film with the conceit of a simpleton as conduit through a swathe of that country s socio-history, and for it not to be a colossal satire.", "A hilarious, large-spirited and tender epic.", "Hanks power as an actor makes us believe in Forrest. He also draws us into Forrest s mind and morality system. And he sets out a singular film persona who will be watched and loved as long as people embrace movies.", "...an instant classic. [Full Review in Spanish]", "Forrest Gump is, for all of it s graces, undeniably broken thanks to [its] shameless ideological manipulation of historical truths. [Full review in Spanish]", "Audience Reviews for Forrest Gump", "With a fine performance by Tom Hanks, this is a refreshing feel-good movie that is always fun and charming, even if sometimes sentimental and a bit vague about its purpose - and if you are able to overlook its flaws, you will find a captivating story of innocence and optimism.", "Forrest Gump: Jenny, I don t know if Momma was right or if, if it s Lieutenant Dan. I don t know if we have a destiny, or if we re all just floatin around accidental-like on a breeze, but I, I think maybe it s both. Maybe both is happenin at the same time. The story of a lifetime. Forrest Gump is a beautiful film and definitely is the film that Robert Zemeckis and Tom Hanks are most known for. It s one of those rare movies that everyone has seen and just about everyone loves. It s a classic and it s not hard to see why. The movie takes on the simpleness of it s title character, Forrest Gump. It s not flashy, it s simple, and the simpleness is beautiful. Forrest Gump is an unintelligent, but interesting man. He was born in Alabama where he grows up with his friend, Jenny, and his mother. Forrest sits on a bus stop bench, telling strangers his life story. How he played football at the University of Alabama, how he went to Vietnam, how he met presidents, and how he has always loved his friend Jenny. Forrest s journey puts him at many important events during the sixties and seventies, and the movie surrounds the story of Forrest with civil rights issues, the hippy generation, and just about all the other major news of those decades. It does so in a very good way too, allowing the audience to see it as Forrest does. How can you watch a movie so brazen with soul and warmth and not just love it. It s a comedy and a drama. It s funny, sad, and inspiring. It s one of those films you can watch a million times over and still get that same feeling you had the first time you watched it. It just is everything you want in a movie. Tom Hanks is brilliant and Zemeckis direction is incredible. It isn t just a story of a man, but of the generation he was apart of. The brilliance of how these two different elements are put together is what makes Forrest Gump the lovable and great movie it is. If you re one of the few people who haven t seen Forrest Gump, all I can say is, watch it.", "A nice enough concept, fairly well pulled off but is mainly crushed by its own sentimentality and heavy handed emotional manipulation (not to mention ham-fisted politics). Good revision for your 20th century American history exam, otherwise watch Big Fish instead.", "Louis Rogers", "Epic in scope and triumphant in spirit, Forrest Gump is a larger-than-life piece of film-making, that scored home an impressive 6 Oscars in 1995, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Actor in a Leading Role. It revolves around the eventful and remarkable life of a mentally, and for some time physically challenged man, who looks at the world through very unique and innocent eyes, as he becomes part of some of the key events that shaped America as a nation. Famous historical figures like Elvis, John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon and John Lennon, are just some of the people that he encounters on his grand and amazing journey. Director Robert Zemeckis is a magician behind the camera, delivering world-class visual story-telling that truly captures the heart and mind in really spell-binding ways. So much love and passion have gone into its making, and it s one of those rare cinematic miracles, where all parties involved have dedicated themselves fully to create the best experience possible. Ascended by a beautifully orchestrated music score (together with some great classics from the eras it portrays), it hits all the right notes at all the right moments. You ll laugh, you ll cry, you ll maybe even feel inspired. For there s nothing in this tour-de-force of a film that isn t absolutely stirring. It s been almost 20 years since its release now, yet the special effects still hold and look as fantastic as ever. They way they ve integrated Forrest into real historical footage, is incredibly well-done and nearly seamless in its crafting. Some things even look more convincing than the wizardry of modern features. However visually compelling it may be though, it s in the acting where it truly dazzles. Tom Hanks sensational, award-winning performance, is definitely one of the best, if not the greatest of feat his entire career. I would say it stands between this and his heart-gripping turn as an AIDS victim in Jonathan Demme s Philadelphia. You certainly can t complain about the supporting cast either. Sally Field, Robin Wright, Gary Sinise and Mykelti Williamson, evoke tremendous pathos and sympathy, with their exceptionally written and terrifically acted characters. Michael Conner Humphreys is really wonderful as well, as Forrest in his younger years. Cynics may have issues with how far-fetched the story is, but I don t think it matters much in the larger perspective. I m more than willing to suspend all disbelief, for such a majestically conceived and viscerally powerful piece of drama. And I m sure that goes for a lot of us. A movie about love, loss, war and human behavior. About discovering your inner potential and overcoming your limitations, even when everything seems against you and abscent of hope. For within Forrest Gump dwells a ray of pure inspiration, with the message that life is what you make of it. We may not all come to shake hands with the President or amount to champions in ping-pong, but we all possess the power to make the best of what we have. Timeless, magical, moving and uplifting, this movie is a celebration of all that and more!", "Forrest Gump: You died on a Saturday mornin . And I had you placed here under our elm tree. And I had that house of your father s bulldozed to the ground. Momma always said dyin was a part of life. I sure wish it wasn t. Little Forrest, he s doin just fine. About to start school again soon. I make his breakfast, lunch, and dinner every day. I make sure he combs his hair and brushes his teeth every day. Teachin him how to play Ping-Pong. He s really good. We fish a lot. And every night, we read a book. He s so smart, Jenny. You d be so proud of him. I am. He, uh, wrote a letter, and he says I can t read it. I m not supposed to, so I ll leave it here for you. Jenny, I don t know if Momma was right or if, if it s Lieutenant Dan.", "Forrest Gump: I don t know if we each have a destiny, or if we re all just floatin around accidental-like on a breeze, but I, I think maybe it s both. Maybe both is happenin at the same time. I miss you Jenny. If there s anything you need. I won t be far away.", "Forrest Gump: Life is like a box a chocolate, you never know what your going to get.", "Forrest Gump: Mama always said life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what you re gonna get." ] }, { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/Forrest-Gump", "title": "Forrest Gump Plot Cast Awards Facts Britannica", "content": [ "film by Zemeckis [1994]", "Forrest Gump, American film, released in 1994, that chronicled 30 years (from the 1950s through the early 1980s) of the life of a intellectually disabled man (played by Tom Hanks) in an unlikely fable that earned critical praise, large audiences, and six Academy Awards, including best picture.", "The film opens with Forrest Gump (Hanks) sitting on a bench in Savannah, Georgia, and narrating his life story to various strangers who sit next to him. The plot unfolds in a series of flashbacks. As a child, Forrest (played by Michael Conner Humphreys) lives with his single mother (Sally Field) in Greenbow, Alabama. He has an IQ of 75 and wears braces on his legs, but his mother has raised him to believe that he is no different from anyone else. On his first day on the school bus, a little girl named Jenny (Hanna Hall) is the only child who will allow Gump to sit next to her. One day when he is being chased by bullies, his braces fall off, and he discovers that he can run swiftly. This ability gets him onto the football team in high school and earns him a scholarship to the University of Alabama in the sport. He grows up to be a simple and guileless man. Gump joins the U.S. Army and is sent to Vietnam. He becomes close to fellow recruit Bubba Blue (Mykelti Williamson), who persuades Gump that they will operate a shrimp boat together when they have been released from the service, and to his commanding officer, Lieutenant Dan (Gary Sinise). However, Bubba is killed, and Gump saves Lieutenant Dan in a battle in which Dan loses his legs and Gump is wounded. Gump is awarded the Medal of Honor. While he is recuperating, he learns to play table tennis well enough to defeat Chinese table tennis champions and become famous for his skills. After his discharge, Gump finds himself at an antiwar rally, where he encounters a bitter and alcoholic Lieutenant Dan and his beloved Jenny (Robin Wright), who is following a hippie lifestyle. Gump later returns to Alabama and buys a shrimping boat. Lieutenant Dan joins him in creating the wildly successful Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. Lieutenant Dan invests the profits in Apple Computer, and both men become wealthy. After Jenny declines his proposal of marriage, Gump spends the next three and a half years running back and forth across the country before returning home. Jenny then introduces Gump to their son (Haley Joel Osment). Gump and Jenny are married shortly before Jenny dies from what may be hepatitis C. Throughout the film, Gump becomes involved in numerous important events in American history that occur in that time period.", "Forrest Gump was based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom. Director Robert Zemeckis used computer-generated effects to insert Forrest into historical scenes, including meetings with presidents and celebrities, and used a \u201cgreatest hits\u201d sound track to evoke a sense of time and place. The movie\u2019s warm, comic spirit made it a favourite of many viewers, though others decried it as clich\u00e9-riddled. Hanks won a rare second consecutive best-actor Oscar for his portrayal of Gump. The film marked Osment\u2019s film debut and made Sinise, previously best known for his stage work, a movie star. In 2003 Sinise created the Lt. Dan Band, a cover band that performed at USO shows and at benefits for disabled veterans. The Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. chain of casual seafood restaurants, founded in 1996, was named after the fictional shrimping enterprise in the film.", "Writers: Winston Groom (novel) and Eric Roth (screenplay)", "Tom Hanks (Forrest Gump)", "Sally Field (Mrs. Gump)", "Robin Wright (Jenny)", "Mykelti Williamson (Bubba Blue)", "Gary Sinise (Lieutenant Dan)", "Haley Joel Osment (Forrest Gump, Jr.)", "Lead actor* (Tom Hanks)", "Supporting actor (Gary Sinise)", "Directing*", "Editing*", "Visual effects*", "Woody Allen: The 1980s", "\u2026form of this technique in Forrest Gump [1994]). Allen plays \u201chuman chameleon\u201d Leonard Zelig, who has an uncanny ability to appear at the most critical junctures of history in the 1920s\u2014listening to Adolf Hitler stir a crowd, watching Babe Ruth swat a home run\u2014although he himself desires only anonymity.\u2026", "\u2026Award, for the phenomenally popular Forrest Gump (1994), made him the first actor to win back-to-back best actor Oscars since Spencer Tracy.\u2026", "In Forrest Gump (1994), the title character crosses paths with several historical figures, including John F. Kennedy and Elvis Presley. Rather than hire actors to portray these famous individuals, Zemeckis grafted footage of actor Tom Hanks into archival news clips. The resulting film earned Zemeckis the\u2026", "Academy Award, any of a number of awards presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, located in Beverly Hills, California, U.S., to recognize achievement in the film industry. The awards were first presented in 1929, and winners receive\u2026", "Savannah, industrial seaport city, seat (1777) of Chatham county, southeastern Georgia, U.S., at the mouth of the Savannah River. Savannah was established in 1733 by James Edward Oglethorpe, the founder of Georgia, who named it for the river. The city was planned around a system of squares, which have been\u2026", "More About Forrest Gump", "association with \u201cZelig\u201d", "In Woody Allen: The 1980s", "In Robert Zemeckis", "role of Hanks", "In Tom Hanks", "Brett Kavanaugh, associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 2018. Kavanaugh was the only child\u2026" ] }, { "url": "https://forrestgump.fandom.com/wiki/Forrest_Gump", "title": "Forrest Gump Wiki Fandom", "content": [ "Characters, Characters from the novel, Characters from the film,", "Film specific", "Surviving Characters", "Vietnam War Sergeant", "Mrs. Gump (mother) \u2020", "Unknown father \u2020", "Jenny Curran (wife) \u2020", "Forrest Gump Jr. (son)", "Bubba \u2020", "\u201c My momma always said, Life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what you re gonna get.", "\u2013Forrest Gump", "Forrest Gump (born June 6, 1944) is the protagonist of Forrest Gump novel and film. He is the only son of Mrs. Gump and an unknown father. Forrest was also a very simple minded man, he never dig deep into what something was or what someone said.", "Forrest Gump was born on June 6, 1944 (the day of the Normandy landings during World War II). Because his father was absent during his life, purportedly on vacation , Forrest was raised by his mother, who named him after Civil War Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest, who was also first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan, and a supposed ancestor of Gump s. This was to remind Forrest that sometimes we all do things that, well, just don t make no sense.", "Forrest Gump with Jenny", "As a child, Forrest had strong legs, but a weak spine, which the family doctor claimed was as crooked as a politician. Because of this, he was forced to wear leg braces which made walking and running difficult, and also discovered he had an sub-standard IQ, which the principal of the local school said excluded him from attending the school. (Forrest s mother made the man reconsider after they slept together.) Forrest s mother told him never to let anyone tell him he was different, saying: Stupid is as stupid does.", "Because Forrest and his mother lived in a large house, they rented the rooms out to travelers to make money. One such guest was a young Elvis Presley, who used Forrest s peculiar dancing style to invent the hip dancing moves for the song Hound Dog.", "On the bus to school, Forrest met Jenny Curran, and was instantly attracted to her. He later said: I had never seen anything so beautiful in my life. Forrest and Jenny spent much time together, usually near a large tree. Jenny accepted Forrest for who he was and taught him to read, as well as to stand up to bullies. However, Jenny had an unhappy home life; her mother had died when she was young, and her father molested her and her sisters, which led to Jenny being taken to live with her grandmother, and she would often stay at Forrest s house to escape.", "One day, a trio of bullies were throwing fruit at Forrest and chasing him on their bikes. Jenny urged Forrest to just run away. As Forrest struggled to run, his leg braces broke apart. Once he was free of them, Forrest was able to run incredibly fast. Forrest never wore leg braces again, and was able to run everywhere after that.", "College Edit", "Forrest remained close friends with Jenny throughout high school, and one day, when he was targeted by the same bullies, he ran across the high school s football field, disrupting the practice, but also running faster than the players on the team. This caught the attention of the head coach of Alabama Crimson Tide, Paul Bear Bryant, and Forrest received a football scholarship to the University of Alabama where his impressive speed helped the team to win several games. He was then admitted to the All-American football team, and got to meet President John F. Kennedy at the White House. In a ceremony in the Oval Office, Forrest was asked by the President how he felt (to be an All-American), and Forrest, who had drunk fifteen Dr Peppers, honestly replied, I gotta pee.", "Forrest meets President John F. Kennedy", "Forrest also witnessed the desegregation of the University of Alabama, and was clearly visible in the background of the news footage of Governor George Wallace in front of the Foster Auditorium, denouncing the desegregation by standing in the schoolhouse door. While other students jeered and booed the black students, Forrest, not entirely understanding what was happening, simply walked up to a black woman and handed her a book she dropped, saying simply Ma am? You dropped your book...ma am? before following her and the others into school.", "Later, Forrest goes to Jenny s college campus in the pouring rain with chocolates to surprise her, and sees her making out with her boyfriend, Billy, in his car. Forrest, thinking he is hurting her, pulls open the driver side door and punches Billy, who drives off. Despite being initially annoyed with him, Jenny invites Forrest into her room, where they have a brief sexual encounter. Forrest was confused by it.", "Army Service Edit", "Forrest graduates from college in 1967, and, at the ceremony, he is approached by an army recruiter, who asks him if he has given any thought to his future. Forrest joins the United States Army, and meets a young black man, Benjamin Buford Blue (Bubba) on the bus. Bubba is a fellow recruit from Bayou La Batre, whose ambition is to buy a shrimping boat to continue his family history of cooking shrimp.", "Forrest excels in army training, and breaks a company record by assembling his M14 rifle quickly, and his drill sergeant often singles him out as an exemplary soldier to other recruits, and tells him he could be a general one day. Meanwhile, Jenny had been expelled from school for wearing her school sweater to pose in Playboy and had found work singing in the nude at a strip club in Memphis, Tennessee. Forrest goes to visit her one night and beats up some patrons who were harassing her. Forrest tells Jenny that he loves her, but Jenny replies that he doesn t know what love is. Jenny is angry, but later becomes concerned when Forrest tells her he was being deployed to Vietnam. Jenny tells him not to try being brave if he was ever in trouble and to run away instead.", "Upon arrival in Vietnam, Forrest and Bubba are assigned to Company A, 2/47th Infantry, 3rd Brigade, 9th Infantry Division. They meet their platoon commander, Dan Taylor, whom Forrest calls Lieutenant Dan . While on patrol, Bubba proposed that he and Forrest go into the shrimping business together after their time in the army was finished, and Forrest agreed.", "After several months of uneventful patrols, the platoon is ambushed by the Viet Cong, and several soldiers are killed or wounded. After becoming isolated during the retreat, Forrest goes back into the jungle to look for Bubba, and ends up extracting the rest of the wounded soldiers to the riverbank before finding Lieutenant Dan, calling in an airstrike. He drags him away to the riverbank where he screams at Forrest, telling him he was supposed to die there. He runs back to find Bubba wounded and carries him to safety as the US Air Force bomb the area with napalm. Bubba died on the riverbank in Vietnam in Forrest s arms, with his last words being I wanna go home. Forrest is shot in the buttocks, and recovers in an army hospital, next to Lieutenant Dan, who has lost both his legs in the ordeal.", "Ping-Pong Edit", "After recovering in the army hospital, Forrest is introduced to Ping-pong, and rather than returning to Vietnam, Forrest is assigned to the Special Services, entertaining wounded veterans with his ping-pong skills. He would later travel to the People s Republic of China during the Ping-Pong Diplomacy period. When he returns in 1971, he was a national hero, famouser than even Captain Kangaroo and was invited by Dick Cavett to appear on The Dick Cavett Show. John Lennon was also a guest on the show at the time and hearing Forrest talk about the Chinese having no possessions and no religion too , inspired him to write the song Imagine .", "Soon after, Forrest was briefly reunited with Lieutenant Dan, now a bitter alcoholic who used a wheelchair and had lost his faith in God. Lieutenant Dan was also annoyed that Forrest, whom he declared as an imbecile who embarrassed himself on television, was given the Medal of Honor. When Forrest told him of his and Bubba s plan to go into the shrimping business, Lieutenant Dan laughed and jokingly remarked that if Forrest was ever a shrimping boat captain, he would be his first mate.", "Upon visiting President Richard Nixon, he was invited by the President to stay at the Watergate Hotel complex. Forrest was awakened by flashlights in the offices opposite his room. Believing the tenants to be having difficulty with a fusebox, he calls Frank Wills at the security office to notify the maintenance crew, inadvertently initiating the Watergate scandal, which leads to President Nixon s resignation in 1974. Shortly after this, Forrest was honorably discharged from the Army with the rank of Sergeant and returned home to Alabama.", "Shrimp Boat Captain Edit", "Upon his return, Forrest finds his Greenbow house filled with memorabilia capitalizing on his fame as a ping-pong player in China. At his mother s insistence, Forrest made $25,000 endorsing a brand of Gump-Mao ping-pong paddles, and used most of the money to travel to Bubba s hometown of Bayou La Batre and purchase a boat. When someone pointed out it was bad luck to have a boat without a name, Forrest named the boat after Jenny, which he calls, The most beautiful name in the wide world. Unbeknownst to Forrest, Jenny had descended into a life of drugs and sexual promiscuity at this point and has even contemplated suicide over her choices.", "Sometime later, Forrest is visited by Lieutenant Dan, who as a man of his word, has come to be Forrest s first mate, just as he said he would be on the New Year s Eve of 1972. For several weeks, the two have no luck catching shrimp. However, things change when the area is hit by Hurricane Carmen. Forrest s boat was the only one left standing and they find themselves with a monopoly of shrimp. Under the name of Bubba Gump Shrimp Company, they soon became very wealthy. Having faced his demons during the storm, Lieutenant Dan thanks Forrest for saving his life in Vietnam, and Forrest assumes that Dan (without actually saying so) made peace with God.", "Home in Alabama Edit", "Forrest returned home to Greenbow in September 1975 when he learned his mother was dying of cancer. After her death, Forrest stayed at the house and leaves his shrimping industry in the hands of Lieutenant Dan and retired to mowing and cutting grass and lawns, as he apparently enjoys doing it. Meanwhile, Lieutenant Dan participated in a substantial investment into what Forrest says to be some kind of fruit company. In reality, the company was the fledgling Apple Computers , and it is implied that their investment largely kick-started Apple s rise and success. Even though Lt. Dan said he was crazy, he gave Mrs. Blue a share of the money, to which she promptly faints since that was enough for them to never work again. With the money he got from the Apple Computers investment, Forrest spent them on renovating the church he frequents and establishing a medical center at Bubba s hometown.", "Jenny returns to Greenbow and moves in with Forrest. The two spend time together and Forrest later describes it as the happiest time of my life. One night, July 4, 1976, the night of the US National Bicentennial, Forrest asks Jenny to marry him, but she turns him down, saying You don t want to marry me. Forrest replies with, I m not a smart man, but I know what love is. After this exchange, Jenny comes to Forrest s bedroom, tells him she loves him, and the two make love. Jenny hails a cab very early the next morning and leaves, unbeknownst to him before he wakes up.", "Running Edit", "Forrest s newfound loneliness leads him to take a run for no particular reason. At first, he decides to run to the end of the road, second across town, third across the county, fourth all the way to the Mississippi border. Eventually, he traverses the country several times over a span of three years. Forrest attracts media coverage, and eventually, dozens of followers initiating and inspiring what would become the jogging craze of 1978\u201379. During the run, he inspires the phrase Shit Happens to a bumper-sticker salesman after stepping in a pile of dog poop. He also uses a yellow t-shirt provided to him by a designer to wipe off his face after being splattered by mud. In the process, he forms the iconic Smiley face logo and tells the man to Have a nice day. One day, while running in the Western United States, Forrest decides he s tired and stops. He immediately turns around and walks back to Alabama. His followers are dumbfounded at his sudden decision. Meanwhile, Jenny has taken a job as a waitress in Savannah, Georgia, and sees news coverage of Forrest s run on television.", "Present day Edit", "Much of Forrest Gump is told as memory to people waiting for a bus; the remainder is Forrest s present. The present (the present in the film being between November 17, 1980 and December 31, 1980 as seen from the magazine in the black ladies hands and car ad on a bus, since companies will often put ads for new cars a year ahead of time), Forrest tells his latest companion on the bench, an elderly woman, he d recently received a letter from Jenny asking him to come see her. When told Forrest s destination, the old lady informs him that it is only a few blocks away. Thanking her, Forrest sets off on foot towards Jenny s home.", "Forrest and Jenny are happy to see each other. However, before they can do much catching up, Forrest is introduced to Jenny s young son, a bright young boy whom she named Forrest after his father. Forrest at first thinks she met another man named Forrest until she explains You re his daddy, Forrest. Forrest s fearful inquiry as to Little Forrest s intelligence leads Jenny to quickly assert that he is completely normal. Forrest learns that Jenny is sick from an unknown virus (implied to be HIV or AIDS), which has no known cure. He invites her and Little Forrest to come home and stay with him. She asks him to marry her and he accepts.", "Forrest and Jenny s wedding is a quiet, intimate ceremony attended only by a handful of family and friends. Among the attendees is Lieutenant Dan, who has titanium prosthetic legs, with his Vietnamese fianc\u00e9e Susan. It is the only time Jenny and Dan meet. Forrest, Jenny, and Little Forrest have a year together as a family before Jenny dies on Saturday March 22, 1982 (which was actually a Monday). Forrest has her buried under the tree where they played as children, then buys her childhood home (where her father had mistreated her) and has it bulldozed to the ground. Though he misses Jenny terribly, Forrest becomes a good father to Little Forrest.", "Visiting Jenny s grave one day, he reflects on the idea of fate and destiny, wondering if his mother was right about people having their own destiny, or Lieutenant Dan was right about description of life as floating around accidentally like on a breeze. Forrest eventually decides maybe it s both, maybe both are happening at the same time. He leaves Jenny a letter from Little Forrest and tells her If there s anything you need, I won t be far away.", "Forrest Gump and Elvis Presley", "Forrest is last seen outside his home, seeing Little Forrest off on his bus ride to school", "Forrest Gump Trailer In His Shoes", "Retrieved from https://forrestgump.fandom.com/wiki/Forrest_Gump?oldid=6392", "Characters from the novel", "Characters from the film" ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forrest_Gump_(character)", "title": "Forrest Gump character Wikipedia", "content": [ "Forrest Gump (character)", "Find sources: Forrest Gump character \u2013 news \u00b7 newspapers \u00b7 books \u00b7 scholar \u00b7 JSTOR (July 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)", "This article describes a work or element of fiction in a primarily in-universe style. Please help rewrite it to explain the fiction more clearly and provide non-fictional perspective. (May 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)", "Forrest Gump character", "Tom Hanks as Forrest Gump in the eponymous film", "Novel character", "(child)", "Ping-pong player (formerly)", "Shrimping boat captain (formerly)", "Vietnam War sergeant (formerly)", "College football player (formerly)", "Mrs. Gump (mother)", "Jennifer Jenny Gump (nee Curran)", "Forrest Gump, Jr.", "Forrest Gump is a fictional character and the protagonist of the 1986 novel by Winston Groom, Robert Zemeckis s 1994 film of the same name, and Gump and Co., the written sequel to Groom s novel. In the film, Forrest is a philanthropist and former war veteran, businessman, and college football player who bears witness to various significant occurrences in the 20th century. He exudes a compassionate, optimistic, and tenacious attitude in the face of countless setbacks and strives to help every person he meets despite his strong naivety. Throughout his life, he maintains a sincere love for his childhood friend Jennifer Curran, who eventually becomes his wife. Tom Hanks portrayed the character in the film and earned an Academy Award for his performance, while Michael Conner Humphreys portrayed Forrest as a child.", "In 2008, Forrest Gump was named the 20th greatest movie character of all time by Empire magazine.[1]", "1 Fictional character biography", "1.3 In the Army", "1.5 Ping Pong and New York City", "1.6 Shrimping Boat Captain", "1.7 Home in Alabama", "1.8 Running", "1.9 Back to the present", "2 Differences from the novel", "Forrest was born near the small town of Greenbow, Alabama, on June 6, 1944. His father was absent during his life, and his mother said he was on vacation . His mother named Forrest after their ancestor Nathan Bedford Forrest, a Scotch-Irish American[2] and a noted Confederate general in the American Civil War and the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan. She intended his name to be a reminder that sometimes we all do things that, well, just don t make no sense .", "Forrest was born with strong legs but a crooked spine. He was forced to wear leg braces which made walking difficult and running near impossible. He also had a relatively low I.Q. of 75, which nearly prevented him from being accepted into public school. (His mother managed to get the principal to reconsider by letting him sleep with her.) Despite his physical and mental challenges, Forrest s mother told him not to let anyone tell him he was different, telling him stupid is as stupid does .", "Forrest and his mother lived in a large house just outside the town of Greenbow. They made money by renting out rooms to travelers. One of their guests was a young Elvis Presley. Forrest liked dancing to Elvis music and his leg braces gave him a unique dancing style that would inspire Elvis s hip dancing , for his song Hound Dog .", "On the bus ride on Forrest s first day of school, Forrest met Jenny Curran and was instantly taken by her. I had never seen anything so beautiful in my life, he would later say of her, she was like an angel. The two became close friends, often playing around a large nearby tree. Forrest described their relationship saying, Jenny and me was like peas and carrots. Jenny was one of the few people besides his mother to accept Forrest as he was, helping him learn to read and stand up to bullies who harassed him. However, Jenny s home life was not nearly as happy as Forrest s: her mother had died when she was five and her father was an abusive alcoholic who molested and beat his children (until Jenny was taken away to live with her grandmother), and Forrest s friendship offered her an escape.", "One day, a group of bullies was throwing rocks at Forrest, and one of them cut his forehead. Jenny told Forrest, Run Forrest run! , which he did, only to prompt the bullies to chase him on their bikes. As Forrest struggled to run, his leg braces broke apart. Once he was free of them, Forrest was able to run incredibly fast. Forrest would never wear leg braces again, and was able to run anywhere he wanted to after that.", "Forrest and Jenny remained close friends all the way through high school, though he remained a target for bullies. One day, while running from some bullies, he interrupted the local high school s football practice by running across the field faster than all the players. This feat caught the attention of Alabama Crimson Tide head football coach Paul Bear Bryant, who was at the practice scouting football players. After his incredible running ability impressed the coach, Forrest received a football scholarship to the University of Alabama, where his speed helped them win several games. He played for five years and wore jersey number 44, which is believed to be a reference to his birth year. He was later named to the All-American team and got to meet President John F. Kennedy at the White House. When asked by the President how he felt, Forrest (having drunk about fifteen Dr. Peppers) gave an honest answer: I gotta pee.", "Forrest was also present at the University when it was desegregated and observed Governor George Wallace s Stand in the Schoolhouse Door, denouncing the desegregation. While several citizens jeered the black students entering the campus, Forrest, not entirely understanding the situation, simply walked up to Vivian Malone and handed her a book she dropped, saying simply Ma am? You dropped your book...ma am? before following her and James Hood into school, causing his coaches to watch the incident in disbelief. Forrest later spends time with Jenny in her college dormitory during a rainy day after she had gotten abused by another college boy.", "In the Army[edit]", "At his college graduation in 1967, Forrest was approached by an army recruiter who asked if he d ...given any thought to his future . Soon after, Forrest would join the United States Army. On the bus going to boot camp, Forrest met Benjamin Buford Blue, a young black man from Bayou La Batre, Alabama, who went by the nickname Bubba . Bubba told Forrest about his family history of cooking shrimp and how he had planned to buy his own shrimping boat after getting out of the army. Bubba explains to Forrest that he loves all kinds of shrimp, and makes a long list of different types, with Forrest being the only one to really listen to him.", "Forrest did well in the army as he followed orders well without distraction; for example, he set a new company record for assembling his M14 rifle with his drill sergeant, who regularly singled him out as an example for the other recruits, replying he would be an Army General. Meanwhile, while Jenny was having multiple relationships with different men, having been kicked out of school for wearing her school sweater to pose in Playboy, she had gotten work singing in the nude at a strip club in Memphis, Tennessee under the stage name Bobbie Dylan . Forrest goes to visit her at the club, and gets into a fight with some patrons who are harassing her during her performance. During an argument that takes place shortly after, Forrest tells Jenny that he loves her, but Jenny replies that he doesn t know what love is. Jenny is angry, but later becomes concerned when he tells her he was being deployed to Vietnam to serve in the Vietnam War. Jenny tells him not to try being brave if he was ever in trouble and to just run away instead.", "While in Vietnam, and assigned to company A, 2/47th Infantry, 3rd Brigade, 9th Infantry Division,[3] Forrest and Bubba meet their platoon leader Lieutenant Dan Taylor, whom Forrest would refer to as Lieutenant Dan . While on patrol, Bubba proposed that he and Forrest go into the shrimping business together after their time in the army was finished, and Forrest agreed.", "After several uneventful months, their platoon was ambushed by the Viet Cong and several soldiers were wounded and killed. In the confusion, Forrest initially was ordered to retreat, and was separated from the rest of his platoon, but after becoming concerned for Bubba, he ran back to look for him. Forrest then found Lieutenant Dan and several other wounded soldiers and carried them to safety before continuing to look for Bubba. Forrest finally found Bubba badly wounded and managed to carry him away from the combat area before it was hit with napalm from an air strike. Sadly, Bubba died of complications from his wounds soon after; his last words were I wanna go home.", "Forrest himself was shot in the buttocks during the firefight and recovered in an army medical center in Saigon. Lieutenant Dan was in the bed next to his, having lost his legs because of his injuries. Lieutenant Dan later became angry at Forrest for cheating him out of his destiny to die in battle with honor (as several of his ancestors had) and rendering him crippled.", "Washington, D.C.[edit]", "Forrest later receives the Medal of Honor for his bravery in Vietnam. When being awarded, President Lyndon B. Johnson asked where he was hit and when Forrest told him, he whispers in his ear, asking if he d like to see it, President Johnson simply smiles and walks away.", "Shortly thereafter, Forrest went out sightseeing in Washington, D.C. and accidentally found himself among a group of veterans attending an anti-war rally led by Abbie Hoffman. While making a speech at the rally that was rudely cut off by a policeman, he was reunited with Jenny, who had since become a hippie. Forrest was less enamored with her new boyfriend Wesley, the president of the SDS at Berkeley, and beat him up after he saw him hit Jenny during an argument at a Black Panther Party gathering. Forrest and Jenny stayed up all night while Jenny told Forrest of her travels. Before they went their separate ways again in the morning, Forrest gave Jenny his Medal of Honor, saying I got it just by doing what you told me to do, since Jenny told him to just run away instead of being brave in combat.", "Ping Pong and New York City[edit]", "In 1969, Forrest joined the Army Special Services, where he entertained wounded military veterans with his Ping-Pong skills. His exceptional skills earned him a place in the All-American Ping Pong team, with whom he traveled to China during the Ping Pong Diplomacy period of the early 1970s. Upon his return, Forrest was a national celebrity, famous-er even than Captain Kangaroo , and was invited to New York City by Dick Cavett to appear on The Dick Cavett Show, where John Lennon was also a guest at the time. Hearing Forrest talking about the Chinese having no possessions and no religion during his interview with Dick would eventually inspire John Lennon to write the song Imagine .", "Soon after, Forrest reunites and stays with Lieutenant Dan, his platoon leader from Vietnam and now using a wheelchair, over the winter holidays. Dan has since became an alcoholic who has lost all faith in God, and was dismayed that such an imbecile like Forrest could earn the Medal of Honor and humiliate himself on national television. During a New Year s Eve celebration in 1971, Forrest persuades Lieutenant Dan to join him in the shrimping business as his first mate, in an effort to fulfill his promise made to Bubba earlier in Vietnam. Dan later invites two prostitutes, Carla and Lenore, to his New Year s Day party, both of whom he eventually kicked out of his apartment for insulting Forrest when Forrest rejected their advances. Forrest apologizes to Dan for ruining his party, who replied by simply wishing Forrest Happy New Year.", "In June 1972, Forrest was invited with the US Ping Pong team to the White House, where he meets President Richard Nixon, who offers him a room to stay in at Watergate Hotel. That night, Forrest was awakened by a group of people with flashlights breaking into an unlit office. Mistaking it for a power outage, Forrest calls security guard Frank Wills to inform him about the break-in, inadvertently initiating the Watergate Scandal and leading to Richard Nixon s resignation in August 1974. In that same year, Forrest was honorably discharged from the Army with the rank of Sergeant.", "Shrimping Boat Captain[edit]", "Upon his return in August 1974, Forrest finds his Greenbow house filled with memorabilia capitalizing on his fame as a ping-pong player in China. At his mother s insistence, Forrest made $25,000 endorsing a brand of ping-pong paddles, and used most of the money to travel to Bubba s hometown of Bayou La Batre and purchase a boat. When someone pointed out it was bad luck to have a boat without a name, Forrest names his boat after Jenny, which he calls, The most beautiful name in the whole wide world. Unbeknownst to Forrest, Jenny had descended into a life of drugs, burglary and sexual promiscuity at this point, but an event in which she nearly slips and falls off a balcony as she contemplates suicide while high on drugs in a Los Angeles apartment shakes her to her core.", "Later Forrest was visited by Lieutenant Dan who, just as he said he would do on New Year s Eve of 1971, had come to be Forrest s first mate. For several weeks, the two had no luck catching shrimp. However, things changed when the area was hit by Hurricane Carmen. Forrest s boat was the only one left standing and they found themselves with a monopoly of shrimp. Under the name Bubba Gump Shrimp Company, they soon became very wealthy. Apparently having faced his demons during the storm, Lieutenant Dan thanked Forrest for saving his life in Vietnam, and Forrest assumes that Dan (without actually saying so) made peace with God.", "Home in Alabama[edit]", "Forrest returned home to Greenbow in September 1975 when he learned his mother was dying of cancer. After her death, Forrest stays and leaves his shrimping industry in the hands of Lieutenant Dan and retired to mowing and cutting grass and lawns, as he apparently enjoys doing it. Meanwhile, Lieutenant Dan participated in a substantial investment into what Forrest says to be some kind of fruit company. In reality, the company was the fledgling Apple Computer. With the money he got from the Apple Computer investment, Forrest spent them on renovating the church he frequents, establishing a medical center at Bubba s hometown and gave Bubba s family Bubba s share of the investment money that is enough for them to never work again.", "Jenny returned to Greenbow and moves in with Forrest. The two spent time together catching up, and Forrest later describes it as the happiest time of [his] life again. One day, they happen to walk past the now abandoned house that had belonged to Jenny s father. She stares transfixed for a moment, and then starts throwing every rock she can find at it, before collapsing in despair, and now Forrest truly understands the ordeal she had been through as a child. Another night, July 4, 1976, Forrest asked Jenny to marry him, but she turns him down, saying You don t want to marry me. Forrest replies with, Why don t you love me Jenny? I m not a smart man, but I know what love is. After this exchange, Jenny comes to Forrest s bedroom, tells him she loves him, and the two make love. Wanting to restart on her own, Jenny hails a cab very early the next morning and leaves before he wakes up.", "Running[edit]", "Forrest s new-found loneliness leads him to take a run for no particular reason. At first, he decides to run to the end of the road, then across town, then across the county, then all the way to the Mississippi border. Eventually, he criss-crosses the country several times over a span of three years. Forrest attracts media coverage, and eventually, dozens of followers initiating and inspiring what would become the jogging craze of 1978\u201381. Meanwhile, Jenny has taken a job as a waitress in Savannah, Georgia and sees news coverage of Forrest s run on television. During the run, he inspires the phrase Shit happens to a bumper-sticker salesman after stepping in a pile of dog droppings. He also uses a yellow T-shirt provided to him by a shirt designer to wipe off his face after being splattered by mud from a big rig. In the process, he forms the iconic Smiley face logo and tells the man Have a nice day. One day, while running in the Western United States, Forrest suddenly stops; his followers all stop and listen on in anticipation, expecting him to offer words of wisdom, but instead he simply announces that he s tired, then turns around and walks back to Alabama, leaving his followers dumbfounded at his sudden decision.", "Back to the present[edit]", "Back to the present (the present in the film being 1981, as seen from a car and on a bus, and televised footage of Ronald Reagan s escape from assassination), Forrest tells his latest companion on the bench, an elderly woman, that he had recently received a letter from Jenny asking him to come see her. When told Forrest s destination, the old lady informs him that it is only 5 to 6 blocks away. Thanking her, Forrest sets off on foot towards Jenny s home.", "Forrest and Jenny are happy to see each other. However, before they can do much catching up, Forrest is introduced to Jenny s young son, a bright young boy whom she named Forrest after him. Forrest at first thinks she met another man named Forrest, until she explains You re his daddy, Forrest. Forrest s fearful inquiry as to Little Forrest s intelligence leads Jenny to quickly assert that he is completely normal. Forrest learns that Jenny is sick from an unknown virus (implied to be either HIV or Hepatitis C, as both were unknown diseases at that time) which has no known cure. He invites her and Little Forrest to come home and stay with him. She asks him to marry her and he accepts.", "Forrest and Jenny s wedding is a quiet, intimate ceremony attended only by a handful of family and friends. Among the attendees is Lieutenant Dan, who has titanium prosthetic legs, (claiming to be made of the same material as the Space Shuttle), with his Vietnamese fianc\u00e9e Susan. It is the only time Jenny and Dan meet. Forrest, Jenny and Little Forrest only have a year together as a family before Jenny would die on a Saturday. Before she dies, she asked Forrest what it was like in Vietnam. He responded by saying that it was nice, and when it stopped raining, it would be quiet and peaceful. He also states that while running in Oregon, it looked as if there were two skies and two mountains (since there was a lake in front of the mountain). Forrest also states that while running in the desert, when the sun was rising, it was the most beautiful sight ever.", "Jenny responds by saying that she wished she was there with him. Forrest smiles and says, You were there with me . Forrest has her buried under the tree where they played as children, then buys her childhood home (where her father had abused her) and has it bulldozed. Though he misses Jenny terribly, Forrest becomes a good father to Little Forrest.", "Visiting Jenny s grave one day in 1982, he reflects on the idea of fate and destiny, wondering if his mother was right about people having their own destiny, or if Lieutenant Dan was right about description of life as floating around accidentally like on a breeze. Forrest eventually decides maybe it s both, maybe both are happening at the same time. He leaves Jenny a letter from Little Forrest and tells her If there s anything you need, I won t be far away.", "Forrest is last seen outside his home, sitting where he and his mother sat waiting for the bus, seeing Little Forrest off on his bus ride to school, telling him that he loves him and that he will be waiting for him.", "Differences from the novel[edit]", "Forrest Gump brick in front of the Lucas Theater in Savannah, Georgia, USA", "The portrayal of Forrest in the original novel differs from how he was portrayed in the film. In the novel, Forrest is shown to be somewhat cynical and abrasive, while in the film, he is more placid and na\u00efve. The novel also describes him as being a savant with extraordinary talent in numerical calculation (as shown when he states the exact amount of time in years, months, days and hours that he spent running across the country). Other changes from the novel to the film include the deaths of Forrest s mother and his wife, Jenny, neither of whom died in the book. Whilst the film has him running around the country for over three long years, the novel sends him rocketing into space and later crash-landing in New Guinea and being captured by a tribe of cannibals.", "The novel also provides additional backstory on his father. It is revealed that his father was a longshoreman who worked for United Fruit Company. He was killed when a crate of bananas being loaded off of a boat fell on top of him, crushing him to death. Forrest goes on a number of different adventures including being an astronaut, playing the harmonica in a band called the Cracked Eggs, becoming a professional wrestler ( The Dunce ) and running for the United States Senate (with the campaign slogan We Got to Pee ).", "^ 100 greatest movie characters on Empire", "^ Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forest .", "^ https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0109830/trivia", "Winston Groom s Forrest Gump (1986)", "Forrest Gump (soundtrack)", "Forrest Gump \u2013 Original Motion Picture Score (score)", "Gump (satire)", "Gump and Co. (sequel novel)", "Forbes Fictional 15", "Oliver Daddy Warbucks", "Arthur Bach", "Prince Abakaliki of Nigeria", "Adrian Veidt", "Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Forrest_Gump_(character)&oldid=884334759", "Characters in American novels of the 20th century", "Drama film characters", "Fictional American people of Scotch-Irish descent", "Fictional American people of German descent", "Fictional businesspeople", "Fictional characters from Alabama", "Fictional characters with disability", "Fictional characters with disfigurements", "Fictional players of American football", "Fictional ship captains", "Fictional military captains", "Fictional musicians", "Fictional fishers", "Fictional privates", "Fictional military sergeants", "Fictional Vietnam War veterans", "Fictional victims of bullies", "Fictional Medal of Honor recipients", "Fictional runners", "Fictional professional wrestlers", "Fictional table tennis players", "Fictional United States Army personnel", "Male characters in literature", "Articles that need to differentiate between fact and fiction from May 2011", "Articles that may contain original research from July 2015" ] } ] }, "timestamp": null }, { "action": "Wizard => Apprentice", "text": "Definitely the conversation he had with Jenny at the bus stop. Everyone knows the saying mama used to say ''Life is like a box of chocolates you never know what you're gonna get''. How many times have you watched Forrest Gump? It's a classic for sure.", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0109830/", "title": "Forrest Gump 1994 IMDb", "content": [ "PG-13 | 2h 22min | Drama, Romance | 6 July 1994 (USA)", "Winston Groom (novel), Eric Roth (screenplay)", "Tom Hanks, Robin Wright, Gary Sinise | See full cast & crew \u00bb", "When Will the Oscars Get It Right?", "Rajkummar Rao s Watchlist", "Stream Top U.S. Box Office Movies With Prime Video", "365 days of my favorites", "Nog kijken", "Search for Forrest Gump on Amazon.com", "Title: Forrest Gump (1994)", "The Real Top 35 Hollywood Blockbusters of All Time - Inflation Adjusted", "If Classic Movie Quotes were Politically Correct", "Best Adapted Screenplay Winners in IMDb Top 250", "90s Movie to TV Series", "Top Rated Movies #12 | Won 6 Oscars. Another 40 wins & 68 nominations. See more awards \u00bb", "Stars: Tim Robbins, Morgan Freeman, Bob Gunton", "Stars: Leonardo DiCaprio, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Ellen Page", "The lives of guards on Death Row are affected by one of their charges: a black man accused of child murder and rape, yet who has a mysterious gift.", "Stars: Tom Hanks, Michael Clarke Duncan, David Morse", "Stars: Christian Bale, Heath Ledger, Aaron Eckhart", "Stars: Elijah Wood, Viggo Mortensen, Ian McKellen", "A meek Hobbit from the Shire and eight companions set out on a journey to destroy the powerful One Ring and save Middle-earth from the Dark Lord Sauron.", "Stars: Elijah Wood, Ian McKellen, Orlando Bloom", "Tom Hanks ... Forrest Gump", "Rebecca Williams ... Nurse at Park Bench", "Sally Field ... Mrs. Gump", "Michael Conner Humphreys ... Young Forrest", "Harold G. Herthum ... Doctor (as Harold Herthum)", "George Kelly ... Barber", "Bob Penny ... Crony", "John Randall ... Crony", "Sam Anderson ... Principal", "Margo Moorer ... Louise", "Ione M. Telech ... Elderly Woman", "Christine Seabrook ... Elderly Woman s Daughter", "John Worsham ... Southern Gentleman / Landowner", "Peter Dobson ... Young Elvis Presley", "Siobhan Fallon Hogan ... School Bus Driver (as Siobhan J. Fallon)", "Forrest Gump is a simple man with a low I.Q. but good intentions. He is running through childhood with his best and only friend Jenny. His mama teaches him the ways of life and leaves him to choose his destiny. Forrest joins the army for service in Vietnam, finding new friends called Dan and Bubba, he wins medals, creates a famous shrimp fishing fleet, inspires people to jog, starts a ping-pong craze, creates the smiley, writes bumper stickers and songs, donates to people and meets the president several times. However, this is all irrelevant to Forrest who can only think of his childhood sweetheart Jenny Curran, who has messed up her life. Although in the end all he wants to prove is that anyone can love anyone. Written by aliw135", "vietnam war | amputee | war hero | vietnam | mother | See All (242) \u00bb", "Life is like a box of chocolates...you never know what you re gonna get. See more \u00bb", "Rated PG-13 for drug content, some sensuality and war violence | See all certifications \u00bb", "Forrest Gump: The IMAX Experience See more \u00bb", "Monument Valley, Arizona, USA See more \u00bb", "Paramount Pictures See more \u00bb", "DTS (The Digital Experience)| Dolby SR | SDDS", "The movie was named as one of The 20 Most Overrated Movies Of All Time by Premiere. See more \u00bb", "The whole time Forrest was in the Army, not once did any one wear Military Issue Dog Tags. In actuality a soldier will be wearing them at all times. And during the Vietnam War all soldiers were to have at least on Dog Tag tied in their Boot Laces. See more \u00bb", "Forrest Gump: Hello. My name s Forrest, Forrest Gump. You want a chocolate?", "Two additional historical figure scenes which didn t make the final cut appear on the DVD version:", "Gump plays Ping-Pong with George H. Bush and hits him in the crotch.", "Jenny talks to Gump about the fact that she has just been accepted to a college. Gump sees a civil rights march, which he believes is a parade. Guard dogs advance towards Gump, but he is able to fend them off by throwing a stick, since he knew them when he was younger. He apologizes to Martin Luther King for interrupting the parade, saying they re just dogs and don t know any better.", "Spoofed in Senior Trip (1995) See more \u00bb", "Performed by The Doobie Brothers", "Q: Does Forrest Gump have any political agenda?", "Q: What is a Million-Dollar Wound ?", "Q: Is Forrest Gump based on a book?", "Even After Twenty Years the Film Still Holds Up", "30 April 2016 | by Michael_Elliott \u2013 See all my reviews", "Forrest Gump (Tom Hanks), a slow but simple man from Alabama takes us through decades of his life, which includes various historical settings but all the while his heart is on Jenny (Robin Wright Penn), a childhood friend.", "FORREST GUMP was released and quickly became a huge hit and ended up winning many Oscars. Today, for whatever reason, the film seems to be hated by many people because of the movies it beat out. I ve never really understood putting too much importance on Oscars or any other award show and I really don t understand why one movie must take a beating just because of what films it beat out. ORDINARY PEOPLE takes a beating because it beat RAGING BULL. Something like DANCES WITH WOLVES takes a beating because it beat GOODFELLAS. Then there s FORREST GUMP that takes a beating because it beat out PULP FICTION or THE SHAWSHANK REDEMPTION.", "As far as the film itself goes I think this is a great one. I ve always liked how the film took a look at a simple person s life and a simple person who is always in very big situations yet never really understands it. There are countless bits of dialogue that are remembered by mans and they ve entered the public IQ but the one dealing with knowing what love is is the one that always caught my attention as far as what this film is about. To me Gump goes through all these historic things yet it s always his love for Jenny that is the heart of the picture.", "I thought the story itself was quite great and especially how we take a look at American history through the 60s, 70s and 80s. I know some people make this a political movie but I ve always found that to be rather foolish. The film has a wonderful soundtrack to highlight the various eras that are shown and we also get some clever use of CGI to put Gump in the presence of people like JFK and Richard Nixon. The screenplay hits all the right notes and there s no question that technically speaking the film is impressive.", "Then there are the performances that really make the movie. Hanks picked up his second Best Actor award and while I personally would have given it to Paul Newman for his performance in NOBODY S FOOL, there s no question that Hanks is great here. He certainly nailed that simple man and there s not a false moment in the performance. Gary Sinise is wonderful in his role as is Mykelti Williamson in his small bit. Robin Wright Penn is the perfect opposite to Hank s character and Sally Field is good as well.", "No matter what people say, FORREST GUMP is still a wonderful little gem that has a lot of great things in it." ] }, { "url": "https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/forrest_gump", "title": "Forrest Gump 1994 Rotten Tomatoes", "content": [ "Critics Consensus: Forrest Gump may be an overly sentimental film with a somewhat problematic message, but its sweetness and charm are usually enough to approximate true depth and grace.", "Critic Consensus: Forrest Gump may be an overly sentimental film with a somewhat problematic message, but its sweetness and charm are usually enough to approximate true depth and grace.", "Forrest Gump Videos", "Forrest Gump: Trailer 1", "Forrest Gump Photos", "Stupid is as stupid does, says Forrest Gump (played by Tom Hanks in an Oscar-winning performance) as he discusses his relative level of intelligence with a stranger while waiting for a bus. Despite his sub-normal IQ, Gump leads a truly charmed life, with a ringside seat for many of the most memorable events of the second half of the 20th century. Entirely without trying, Forrest teaches Elvis Presley to dance, becomes a football star, meets John F. Kennedy, serves with honor in Vietnam, meets Lyndon Johnson, speaks at an anti-war rally at the Washington Monument, hangs out with the Yippies, defeats the Chinese national team in table tennis, meets Richard Nixon, discovers the break-in at the Watergate, opens a profitable shrimping business, becomes an original investor in Apple Computers, and decides to run back and forth across the country for several years. Meanwhile, as the remarkable parade of his life goes by, Forrest never forgets Jenny (Robin Wright Penn), the girl he loved as a boy, who makes her own journey through the turbulence of the 1960s and 1970s that is far more troubled than the path Forrest happens upon. Featured alongside Tom Hanks are Sally Field as Forrest s mother; Gary Sinise as his commanding officer in Vietnam; Mykelti Williamson as his ill-fated Army buddy who is familiar with every recipe that involves shrimp; and the special effects artists whose digital magic place Forrest amidst a remarkable array of historical events and people. ~ Mark Deming, Rovi", "PG-13 (for drug content, some sensuality and war violence)", "Jul 6, 1994 wide", "as Forrest Gump", "as Jenny Curran", "as Lt. Dan Taylor", "as Bubba Blue", "as Mrs. Gump", "as Forrest Jr.", "as Young Forrest Gump", "as Young Jenny Curran", "as Nurse at the Park Bench", "as Wesley", "as Barber", "as Crony", "as Principal", "Ione M. Telech", "as Elderly Woman s Daughter", "as Southern Gentleman", "as Young Elvis Presley", "as School Bus Driver", "Alexander Zemeckis", "as School Bus Boy", "Logan Livingston Gomez", "Ben Waddel", "as School Bus Girl", "as Red Headed Boy", "John William Galt", "as President Johnson", "as Boy with Cross", "Grady Bowman", "as Fat Boy", "as Jenny s Father", "Fay Genens", "as Jenny s Grandmother", "Frank Geyer", "as Richard M. Nixon", "as Red Headed Teen", "as Fat Teen", "Pete Auster", "as Teen with Cross", "as College Football Coach", "as High School Football Coach", "Daniel Striepeke", "as Recruiter", "as Jenny s Babysitter", "Bruce Lucvia", "as Kick Off Return Player", "Kirk Ward", "as Lt. Venetti", "Angela Lomas", "as Black Student", "Timothy Record", "Deborah McTeer", "as Woman with Child on Park Bench", "as Jenny s Date", "as 1st Local Anchor", "Bob Harks", "as University Dean", "as Army Recruiter", "Kenneth Bevington", "as Army Bus Driver", "as Bus Recruit", "Marlena Smalls", "as Bubba s Mother", "Kitty K. Green", "as Bubba s Great Grandmother", "as Drill Sargeant", "as Barracks Recruits", "Dante McCarthy", "as Topless Girl", "Paulie DiCocco III", "as Club Patron", "Michael Kemmerling", "John Voldstad", "Jeffrey Winner", "as Pick-Up Truck Driver", "Daniel J. Gillooly", "as Helicopter Gunman", "Calvin Gadsden", "as Sargeant Sims", "Aaron Izbicki", "as Cleveland", "as Fat Man on Beach", "Michael McFall", "as Army Hospital Male Nurse", "as Mail Call Soldier", "Stephan Derelian", "as Wounded Soldier", "Bonnie Ann Burgess", "as Army Nurse", "as 1st National Correspondent", "as Hilary", "Isabel Rose", "as Veteran at War Rally", "Richard D Allesandro", "as Abbie Hoffman", "Dick Stilwell", "as Policeman at War Rally", "as Black Panther", "as Hippie at Commune", "as Hollywood Boulevard Girl", "Paul Raczkowski", "as Man in VW Bug", "as Chinese Ping Pong Player", "Marla Sucharetza", "as Lenore", "Aloysius Gigl", "as Musician Boyfriend", "Jack Bowden", "as 4th National Correspondent", "as Discharge Officer", "Benson W. Terry", "as Stanley Loomis", "Matt Rebenkoff", "as Drugged Out Boyfriend", "Peter Bannon", "as 2nd Local Correspondent", "as 2nd Local Anchor", "as Elderly Southern Woman", "Natalie Hendrix", "as 3rd Local Anchor", "Hallie D Amore", "as Waitress in Cafe", "as Running Double", "Chiffonye Cobb", "as Hannibal Reporter", "Juan Singleton", "Bobby K. Richardson", "as Young Man Running", "Charles Boswell", "as Aging Hippie", "Tim McNeil", "as Wild Eyed Man", "Lonnie Hamilton", "as The Minister", "Teresa Denton", "as Lieutenant Dan s Fiancee", "News & Interviews for Forrest Gump", "Nicholas Sparks\u2019 Five Favorite Films", "Just Add Aretha: 11 Movie Moments Made Awesome By Aretha Franklin\u2019s Music", "Which of These 19 Movies Should Never Be Remade?", "Critic Reviews for Forrest Gump", "I can t see how people with low I.Q.s or those who love them are in any way comforted by all this hogwash. I can easily see how such people might be offended by its smug unreality.", "Contrasting Forrest s unassuming innocence with the upheavals and rancor of the times, the film is a wisely goofy commentary on the stupidity of smartness.", "Duane Byrge", "Forrest Gump, the new Tom Hanks movie directed by Robert Zemeckis, is a one-of-a-kind treat.", "A dark and driven work, haunted by violence, cruelty and a sense of the tragically absurd.", "So afraid to dredge up debate that when Forrest is handed a mic at an antiwar rally, someone unplugs the speakers so we can t hear him - fitting for a movie with nothing to say.", "It s most successful when it is being off-center, a state of grace it doesn t quite have the nerve to maintain.", "Fifty years from now, Forrest Gump will probably seem hopelessly quaint, cryptic, even ridiculous. Today, however, Gump, the much talked about summer fable starring Tom Hanks, is a tonic for an age of cancerous cynicism.", "Only in America could you envision a film with the conceit of a simpleton as conduit through a swathe of that country s socio-history, and for it not to be a colossal satire.", "A hilarious, large-spirited and tender epic.", "Hanks power as an actor makes us believe in Forrest. He also draws us into Forrest s mind and morality system. And he sets out a singular film persona who will be watched and loved as long as people embrace movies.", "...an instant classic. [Full Review in Spanish]", "Forrest Gump is, for all of it s graces, undeniably broken thanks to [its] shameless ideological manipulation of historical truths. [Full review in Spanish]", "Audience Reviews for Forrest Gump", "With a fine performance by Tom Hanks, this is a refreshing feel-good movie that is always fun and charming, even if sometimes sentimental and a bit vague about its purpose - and if you are able to overlook its flaws, you will find a captivating story of innocence and optimism.", "Forrest Gump: Jenny, I don t know if Momma was right or if, if it s Lieutenant Dan. I don t know if we have a destiny, or if we re all just floatin around accidental-like on a breeze, but I, I think maybe it s both. Maybe both is happenin at the same time. The story of a lifetime. Forrest Gump is a beautiful film and definitely is the film that Robert Zemeckis and Tom Hanks are most known for. It s one of those rare movies that everyone has seen and just about everyone loves. It s a classic and it s not hard to see why. The movie takes on the simpleness of it s title character, Forrest Gump. It s not flashy, it s simple, and the simpleness is beautiful. Forrest Gump is an unintelligent, but interesting man. He was born in Alabama where he grows up with his friend, Jenny, and his mother. Forrest sits on a bus stop bench, telling strangers his life story. How he played football at the University of Alabama, how he went to Vietnam, how he met presidents, and how he has always loved his friend Jenny. Forrest s journey puts him at many important events during the sixties and seventies, and the movie surrounds the story of Forrest with civil rights issues, the hippy generation, and just about all the other major news of those decades. It does so in a very good way too, allowing the audience to see it as Forrest does. How can you watch a movie so brazen with soul and warmth and not just love it. It s a comedy and a drama. It s funny, sad, and inspiring. It s one of those films you can watch a million times over and still get that same feeling you had the first time you watched it. It just is everything you want in a movie. Tom Hanks is brilliant and Zemeckis direction is incredible. It isn t just a story of a man, but of the generation he was apart of. The brilliance of how these two different elements are put together is what makes Forrest Gump the lovable and great movie it is. If you re one of the few people who haven t seen Forrest Gump, all I can say is, watch it.", "A nice enough concept, fairly well pulled off but is mainly crushed by its own sentimentality and heavy handed emotional manipulation (not to mention ham-fisted politics). Good revision for your 20th century American history exam, otherwise watch Big Fish instead.", "Louis Rogers", "Epic in scope and triumphant in spirit, Forrest Gump is a larger-than-life piece of film-making, that scored home an impressive 6 Oscars in 1995, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Actor in a Leading Role. It revolves around the eventful and remarkable life of a mentally, and for some time physically challenged man, who looks at the world through very unique and innocent eyes, as he becomes part of some of the key events that shaped America as a nation. Famous historical figures like Elvis, John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon and John Lennon, are just some of the people that he encounters on his grand and amazing journey. Director Robert Zemeckis is a magician behind the camera, delivering world-class visual story-telling that truly captures the heart and mind in really spell-binding ways. So much love and passion have gone into its making, and it s one of those rare cinematic miracles, where all parties involved have dedicated themselves fully to create the best experience possible. Ascended by a beautifully orchestrated music score (together with some great classics from the eras it portrays), it hits all the right notes at all the right moments. You ll laugh, you ll cry, you ll maybe even feel inspired. For there s nothing in this tour-de-force of a film that isn t absolutely stirring. It s been almost 20 years since its release now, yet the special effects still hold and look as fantastic as ever. They way they ve integrated Forrest into real historical footage, is incredibly well-done and nearly seamless in its crafting. Some things even look more convincing than the wizardry of modern features. However visually compelling it may be though, it s in the acting where it truly dazzles. Tom Hanks sensational, award-winning performance, is definitely one of the best, if not the greatest of feat his entire career. I would say it stands between this and his heart-gripping turn as an AIDS victim in Jonathan Demme s Philadelphia. You certainly can t complain about the supporting cast either. Sally Field, Robin Wright, Gary Sinise and Mykelti Williamson, evoke tremendous pathos and sympathy, with their exceptionally written and terrifically acted characters. Michael Conner Humphreys is really wonderful as well, as Forrest in his younger years. Cynics may have issues with how far-fetched the story is, but I don t think it matters much in the larger perspective. I m more than willing to suspend all disbelief, for such a majestically conceived and viscerally powerful piece of drama. And I m sure that goes for a lot of us. A movie about love, loss, war and human behavior. About discovering your inner potential and overcoming your limitations, even when everything seems against you and abscent of hope. For within Forrest Gump dwells a ray of pure inspiration, with the message that life is what you make of it. We may not all come to shake hands with the President or amount to champions in ping-pong, but we all possess the power to make the best of what we have. Timeless, magical, moving and uplifting, this movie is a celebration of all that and more!", "Forrest Gump: You died on a Saturday mornin . And I had you placed here under our elm tree. And I had that house of your father s bulldozed to the ground. Momma always said dyin was a part of life. I sure wish it wasn t. Little Forrest, he s doin just fine. About to start school again soon. I make his breakfast, lunch, and dinner every day. I make sure he combs his hair and brushes his teeth every day. Teachin him how to play Ping-Pong. He s really good. We fish a lot. And every night, we read a book. He s so smart, Jenny. You d be so proud of him. I am. He, uh, wrote a letter, and he says I can t read it. I m not supposed to, so I ll leave it here for you. Jenny, I don t know if Momma was right or if, if it s Lieutenant Dan.", "Forrest Gump: I don t know if we each have a destiny, or if we re all just floatin around accidental-like on a breeze, but I, I think maybe it s both. Maybe both is happenin at the same time. I miss you Jenny. If there s anything you need. I won t be far away.", "Forrest Gump: Life is like a box a chocolate, you never know what your going to get.", "Forrest Gump: Mama always said life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what you re gonna get." ] }, { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/Forrest-Gump", "title": "Forrest Gump Plot Cast Awards Facts Britannica", "content": [ "film by Zemeckis [1994]", "Forrest Gump, American film, released in 1994, that chronicled 30 years (from the 1950s through the early 1980s) of the life of a intellectually disabled man (played by Tom Hanks) in an unlikely fable that earned critical praise, large audiences, and six Academy Awards, including best picture.", "The film opens with Forrest Gump (Hanks) sitting on a bench in Savannah, Georgia, and narrating his life story to various strangers who sit next to him. The plot unfolds in a series of flashbacks. As a child, Forrest (played by Michael Conner Humphreys) lives with his single mother (Sally Field) in Greenbow, Alabama. He has an IQ of 75 and wears braces on his legs, but his mother has raised him to believe that he is no different from anyone else. On his first day on the school bus, a little girl named Jenny (Hanna Hall) is the only child who will allow Gump to sit next to her. One day when he is being chased by bullies, his braces fall off, and he discovers that he can run swiftly. This ability gets him onto the football team in high school and earns him a scholarship to the University of Alabama in the sport. He grows up to be a simple and guileless man. Gump joins the U.S. Army and is sent to Vietnam. He becomes close to fellow recruit Bubba Blue (Mykelti Williamson), who persuades Gump that they will operate a shrimp boat together when they have been released from the service, and to his commanding officer, Lieutenant Dan (Gary Sinise). However, Bubba is killed, and Gump saves Lieutenant Dan in a battle in which Dan loses his legs and Gump is wounded. Gump is awarded the Medal of Honor. While he is recuperating, he learns to play table tennis well enough to defeat Chinese table tennis champions and become famous for his skills. After his discharge, Gump finds himself at an antiwar rally, where he encounters a bitter and alcoholic Lieutenant Dan and his beloved Jenny (Robin Wright), who is following a hippie lifestyle. Gump later returns to Alabama and buys a shrimping boat. Lieutenant Dan joins him in creating the wildly successful Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. Lieutenant Dan invests the profits in Apple Computer, and both men become wealthy. After Jenny declines his proposal of marriage, Gump spends the next three and a half years running back and forth across the country before returning home. Jenny then introduces Gump to their son (Haley Joel Osment). Gump and Jenny are married shortly before Jenny dies from what may be hepatitis C. Throughout the film, Gump becomes involved in numerous important events in American history that occur in that time period.", "Forrest Gump was based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom. Director Robert Zemeckis used computer-generated effects to insert Forrest into historical scenes, including meetings with presidents and celebrities, and used a \u201cgreatest hits\u201d sound track to evoke a sense of time and place. The movie\u2019s warm, comic spirit made it a favourite of many viewers, though others decried it as clich\u00e9-riddled. Hanks won a rare second consecutive best-actor Oscar for his portrayal of Gump. The film marked Osment\u2019s film debut and made Sinise, previously best known for his stage work, a movie star. In 2003 Sinise created the Lt. Dan Band, a cover band that performed at USO shows and at benefits for disabled veterans. The Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. chain of casual seafood restaurants, founded in 1996, was named after the fictional shrimping enterprise in the film.", "Writers: Winston Groom (novel) and Eric Roth (screenplay)", "Tom Hanks (Forrest Gump)", "Sally Field (Mrs. Gump)", "Robin Wright (Jenny)", "Mykelti Williamson (Bubba Blue)", "Gary Sinise (Lieutenant Dan)", "Haley Joel Osment (Forrest Gump, Jr.)", "Lead actor* (Tom Hanks)", "Supporting actor (Gary Sinise)", "Directing*", "Editing*", "Visual effects*", "Woody Allen: The 1980s", "\u2026form of this technique in Forrest Gump [1994]). Allen plays \u201chuman chameleon\u201d Leonard Zelig, who has an uncanny ability to appear at the most critical junctures of history in the 1920s\u2014listening to Adolf Hitler stir a crowd, watching Babe Ruth swat a home run\u2014although he himself desires only anonymity.\u2026", "\u2026Award, for the phenomenally popular Forrest Gump (1994), made him the first actor to win back-to-back best actor Oscars since Spencer Tracy.\u2026", "In Forrest Gump (1994), the title character crosses paths with several historical figures, including John F. Kennedy and Elvis Presley. Rather than hire actors to portray these famous individuals, Zemeckis grafted footage of actor Tom Hanks into archival news clips. The resulting film earned Zemeckis the\u2026", "Academy Award, any of a number of awards presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, located in Beverly Hills, California, U.S., to recognize achievement in the film industry. The awards were first presented in 1929, and winners receive\u2026", "Savannah, industrial seaport city, seat (1777) of Chatham county, southeastern Georgia, U.S., at the mouth of the Savannah River. Savannah was established in 1733 by James Edward Oglethorpe, the founder of Georgia, who named it for the river. The city was planned around a system of squares, which have been\u2026", "More About Forrest Gump", "association with \u201cZelig\u201d", "In Woody Allen: The 1980s", "In Robert Zemeckis", "role of Hanks", "In Tom Hanks", "Brett Kavanaugh, associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 2018. Kavanaugh was the only child\u2026" ] }, { "url": "https://forrestgump.fandom.com/wiki/Forrest_Gump", "title": "Forrest Gump Wiki Fandom", "content": [ "Characters, Characters from the novel, Characters from the film,", "Film specific", "Surviving Characters", "Vietnam War Sergeant", "Mrs. Gump (mother) \u2020", "Unknown father \u2020", "Jenny Curran (wife) \u2020", "Forrest Gump Jr. (son)", "Bubba \u2020", "\u201c My momma always said, Life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what you re gonna get.", "\u2013Forrest Gump", "Forrest Gump (born June 6, 1944) is the protagonist of Forrest Gump novel and film. He is the only son of Mrs. Gump and an unknown father. Forrest was also a very simple minded man, he never dig deep into what something was or what someone said.", "Forrest Gump was born on June 6, 1944 (the day of the Normandy landings during World War II). Because his father was absent during his life, purportedly on vacation , Forrest was raised by his mother, who named him after Civil War Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest, who was also first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan, and a supposed ancestor of Gump s. This was to remind Forrest that sometimes we all do things that, well, just don t make no sense.", "Forrest Gump with Jenny", "As a child, Forrest had strong legs, but a weak spine, which the family doctor claimed was as crooked as a politician. Because of this, he was forced to wear leg braces which made walking and running difficult, and also discovered he had an sub-standard IQ, which the principal of the local school said excluded him from attending the school. (Forrest s mother made the man reconsider after they slept together.) Forrest s mother told him never to let anyone tell him he was different, saying: Stupid is as stupid does.", "Because Forrest and his mother lived in a large house, they rented the rooms out to travelers to make money. One such guest was a young Elvis Presley, who used Forrest s peculiar dancing style to invent the hip dancing moves for the song Hound Dog.", "On the bus to school, Forrest met Jenny Curran, and was instantly attracted to her. He later said: I had never seen anything so beautiful in my life. Forrest and Jenny spent much time together, usually near a large tree. Jenny accepted Forrest for who he was and taught him to read, as well as to stand up to bullies. However, Jenny had an unhappy home life; her mother had died when she was young, and her father molested her and her sisters, which led to Jenny being taken to live with her grandmother, and she would often stay at Forrest s house to escape.", "One day, a trio of bullies were throwing fruit at Forrest and chasing him on their bikes. Jenny urged Forrest to just run away. As Forrest struggled to run, his leg braces broke apart. Once he was free of them, Forrest was able to run incredibly fast. Forrest never wore leg braces again, and was able to run everywhere after that.", "College Edit", "Forrest remained close friends with Jenny throughout high school, and one day, when he was targeted by the same bullies, he ran across the high school s football field, disrupting the practice, but also running faster than the players on the team. This caught the attention of the head coach of Alabama Crimson Tide, Paul Bear Bryant, and Forrest received a football scholarship to the University of Alabama where his impressive speed helped the team to win several games. He was then admitted to the All-American football team, and got to meet President John F. Kennedy at the White House. In a ceremony in the Oval Office, Forrest was asked by the President how he felt (to be an All-American), and Forrest, who had drunk fifteen Dr Peppers, honestly replied, I gotta pee.", "Forrest meets President John F. Kennedy", "Forrest also witnessed the desegregation of the University of Alabama, and was clearly visible in the background of the news footage of Governor George Wallace in front of the Foster Auditorium, denouncing the desegregation by standing in the schoolhouse door. While other students jeered and booed the black students, Forrest, not entirely understanding what was happening, simply walked up to a black woman and handed her a book she dropped, saying simply Ma am? You dropped your book...ma am? before following her and the others into school.", "Later, Forrest goes to Jenny s college campus in the pouring rain with chocolates to surprise her, and sees her making out with her boyfriend, Billy, in his car. Forrest, thinking he is hurting her, pulls open the driver side door and punches Billy, who drives off. Despite being initially annoyed with him, Jenny invites Forrest into her room, where they have a brief sexual encounter. Forrest was confused by it.", "Army Service Edit", "Forrest graduates from college in 1967, and, at the ceremony, he is approached by an army recruiter, who asks him if he has given any thought to his future. Forrest joins the United States Army, and meets a young black man, Benjamin Buford Blue (Bubba) on the bus. Bubba is a fellow recruit from Bayou La Batre, whose ambition is to buy a shrimping boat to continue his family history of cooking shrimp.", "Forrest excels in army training, and breaks a company record by assembling his M14 rifle quickly, and his drill sergeant often singles him out as an exemplary soldier to other recruits, and tells him he could be a general one day. Meanwhile, Jenny had been expelled from school for wearing her school sweater to pose in Playboy and had found work singing in the nude at a strip club in Memphis, Tennessee. Forrest goes to visit her one night and beats up some patrons who were harassing her. Forrest tells Jenny that he loves her, but Jenny replies that he doesn t know what love is. Jenny is angry, but later becomes concerned when Forrest tells her he was being deployed to Vietnam. Jenny tells him not to try being brave if he was ever in trouble and to run away instead.", "Upon arrival in Vietnam, Forrest and Bubba are assigned to Company A, 2/47th Infantry, 3rd Brigade, 9th Infantry Division. They meet their platoon commander, Dan Taylor, whom Forrest calls Lieutenant Dan . While on patrol, Bubba proposed that he and Forrest go into the shrimping business together after their time in the army was finished, and Forrest agreed.", "After several months of uneventful patrols, the platoon is ambushed by the Viet Cong, and several soldiers are killed or wounded. After becoming isolated during the retreat, Forrest goes back into the jungle to look for Bubba, and ends up extracting the rest of the wounded soldiers to the riverbank before finding Lieutenant Dan, calling in an airstrike. He drags him away to the riverbank where he screams at Forrest, telling him he was supposed to die there. He runs back to find Bubba wounded and carries him to safety as the US Air Force bomb the area with napalm. Bubba died on the riverbank in Vietnam in Forrest s arms, with his last words being I wanna go home. Forrest is shot in the buttocks, and recovers in an army hospital, next to Lieutenant Dan, who has lost both his legs in the ordeal.", "Ping-Pong Edit", "After recovering in the army hospital, Forrest is introduced to Ping-pong, and rather than returning to Vietnam, Forrest is assigned to the Special Services, entertaining wounded veterans with his ping-pong skills. He would later travel to the People s Republic of China during the Ping-Pong Diplomacy period. When he returns in 1971, he was a national hero, famouser than even Captain Kangaroo and was invited by Dick Cavett to appear on The Dick Cavett Show. John Lennon was also a guest on the show at the time and hearing Forrest talk about the Chinese having no possessions and no religion too , inspired him to write the song Imagine .", "Soon after, Forrest was briefly reunited with Lieutenant Dan, now a bitter alcoholic who used a wheelchair and had lost his faith in God. Lieutenant Dan was also annoyed that Forrest, whom he declared as an imbecile who embarrassed himself on television, was given the Medal of Honor. When Forrest told him of his and Bubba s plan to go into the shrimping business, Lieutenant Dan laughed and jokingly remarked that if Forrest was ever a shrimping boat captain, he would be his first mate.", "Upon visiting President Richard Nixon, he was invited by the President to stay at the Watergate Hotel complex. Forrest was awakened by flashlights in the offices opposite his room. Believing the tenants to be having difficulty with a fusebox, he calls Frank Wills at the security office to notify the maintenance crew, inadvertently initiating the Watergate scandal, which leads to President Nixon s resignation in 1974. Shortly after this, Forrest was honorably discharged from the Army with the rank of Sergeant and returned home to Alabama.", "Shrimp Boat Captain Edit", "Upon his return, Forrest finds his Greenbow house filled with memorabilia capitalizing on his fame as a ping-pong player in China. At his mother s insistence, Forrest made $25,000 endorsing a brand of Gump-Mao ping-pong paddles, and used most of the money to travel to Bubba s hometown of Bayou La Batre and purchase a boat. When someone pointed out it was bad luck to have a boat without a name, Forrest named the boat after Jenny, which he calls, The most beautiful name in the wide world. Unbeknownst to Forrest, Jenny had descended into a life of drugs and sexual promiscuity at this point and has even contemplated suicide over her choices.", "Sometime later, Forrest is visited by Lieutenant Dan, who as a man of his word, has come to be Forrest s first mate, just as he said he would be on the New Year s Eve of 1972. For several weeks, the two have no luck catching shrimp. However, things change when the area is hit by Hurricane Carmen. Forrest s boat was the only one left standing and they find themselves with a monopoly of shrimp. Under the name of Bubba Gump Shrimp Company, they soon became very wealthy. Having faced his demons during the storm, Lieutenant Dan thanks Forrest for saving his life in Vietnam, and Forrest assumes that Dan (without actually saying so) made peace with God.", "Home in Alabama Edit", "Forrest returned home to Greenbow in September 1975 when he learned his mother was dying of cancer. After her death, Forrest stayed at the house and leaves his shrimping industry in the hands of Lieutenant Dan and retired to mowing and cutting grass and lawns, as he apparently enjoys doing it. Meanwhile, Lieutenant Dan participated in a substantial investment into what Forrest says to be some kind of fruit company. In reality, the company was the fledgling Apple Computers , and it is implied that their investment largely kick-started Apple s rise and success. Even though Lt. Dan said he was crazy, he gave Mrs. Blue a share of the money, to which she promptly faints since that was enough for them to never work again. With the money he got from the Apple Computers investment, Forrest spent them on renovating the church he frequents and establishing a medical center at Bubba s hometown.", "Jenny returns to Greenbow and moves in with Forrest. The two spend time together and Forrest later describes it as the happiest time of my life. One night, July 4, 1976, the night of the US National Bicentennial, Forrest asks Jenny to marry him, but she turns him down, saying You don t want to marry me. Forrest replies with, I m not a smart man, but I know what love is. After this exchange, Jenny comes to Forrest s bedroom, tells him she loves him, and the two make love. Jenny hails a cab very early the next morning and leaves, unbeknownst to him before he wakes up.", "Running Edit", "Forrest s newfound loneliness leads him to take a run for no particular reason. At first, he decides to run to the end of the road, second across town, third across the county, fourth all the way to the Mississippi border. Eventually, he traverses the country several times over a span of three years. Forrest attracts media coverage, and eventually, dozens of followers initiating and inspiring what would become the jogging craze of 1978\u201379. During the run, he inspires the phrase Shit Happens to a bumper-sticker salesman after stepping in a pile of dog poop. He also uses a yellow t-shirt provided to him by a designer to wipe off his face after being splattered by mud. In the process, he forms the iconic Smiley face logo and tells the man to Have a nice day. One day, while running in the Western United States, Forrest decides he s tired and stops. He immediately turns around and walks back to Alabama. His followers are dumbfounded at his sudden decision. Meanwhile, Jenny has taken a job as a waitress in Savannah, Georgia, and sees news coverage of Forrest s run on television.", "Present day Edit", "Much of Forrest Gump is told as memory to people waiting for a bus; the remainder is Forrest s present. The present (the present in the film being between November 17, 1980 and December 31, 1980 as seen from the magazine in the black ladies hands and car ad on a bus, since companies will often put ads for new cars a year ahead of time), Forrest tells his latest companion on the bench, an elderly woman, he d recently received a letter from Jenny asking him to come see her. When told Forrest s destination, the old lady informs him that it is only a few blocks away. Thanking her, Forrest sets off on foot towards Jenny s home.", "Forrest and Jenny are happy to see each other. However, before they can do much catching up, Forrest is introduced to Jenny s young son, a bright young boy whom she named Forrest after his father. Forrest at first thinks she met another man named Forrest until she explains You re his daddy, Forrest. Forrest s fearful inquiry as to Little Forrest s intelligence leads Jenny to quickly assert that he is completely normal. Forrest learns that Jenny is sick from an unknown virus (implied to be HIV or AIDS), which has no known cure. He invites her and Little Forrest to come home and stay with him. She asks him to marry her and he accepts.", "Forrest and Jenny s wedding is a quiet, intimate ceremony attended only by a handful of family and friends. Among the attendees is Lieutenant Dan, who has titanium prosthetic legs, with his Vietnamese fianc\u00e9e Susan. It is the only time Jenny and Dan meet. Forrest, Jenny, and Little Forrest have a year together as a family before Jenny dies on Saturday March 22, 1982 (which was actually a Monday). Forrest has her buried under the tree where they played as children, then buys her childhood home (where her father had mistreated her) and has it bulldozed to the ground. Though he misses Jenny terribly, Forrest becomes a good father to Little Forrest.", "Visiting Jenny s grave one day, he reflects on the idea of fate and destiny, wondering if his mother was right about people having their own destiny, or Lieutenant Dan was right about description of life as floating around accidentally like on a breeze. Forrest eventually decides maybe it s both, maybe both are happening at the same time. He leaves Jenny a letter from Little Forrest and tells her If there s anything you need, I won t be far away.", "Forrest Gump and Elvis Presley", "Forrest is last seen outside his home, seeing Little Forrest off on his bus ride to school", "Forrest Gump Trailer In His Shoes", "Retrieved from https://forrestgump.fandom.com/wiki/Forrest_Gump?oldid=6392", "Characters from the novel", "Characters from the film" ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forrest_Gump_(character)", "title": "Forrest Gump character Wikipedia", "content": [ "Forrest Gump (character)", "Find sources: Forrest Gump character \u2013 news \u00b7 newspapers \u00b7 books \u00b7 scholar \u00b7 JSTOR (July 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)", "This article describes a work or element of fiction in a primarily in-universe style. Please help rewrite it to explain the fiction more clearly and provide non-fictional perspective. (May 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)", "Forrest Gump character", "Tom Hanks as Forrest Gump in the eponymous film", "Novel character", "(child)", "Ping-pong player (formerly)", "Shrimping boat captain (formerly)", "Vietnam War sergeant (formerly)", "College football player (formerly)", "Mrs. Gump (mother)", "Jennifer Jenny Gump (nee Curran)", "Forrest Gump, Jr.", "Forrest Gump is a fictional character and the protagonist of the 1986 novel by Winston Groom, Robert Zemeckis s 1994 film of the same name, and Gump and Co., the written sequel to Groom s novel. In the film, Forrest is a philanthropist and former war veteran, businessman, and college football player who bears witness to various significant occurrences in the 20th century. He exudes a compassionate, optimistic, and tenacious attitude in the face of countless setbacks and strives to help every person he meets despite his strong naivety. Throughout his life, he maintains a sincere love for his childhood friend Jennifer Curran, who eventually becomes his wife. Tom Hanks portrayed the character in the film and earned an Academy Award for his performance, while Michael Conner Humphreys portrayed Forrest as a child.", "In 2008, Forrest Gump was named the 20th greatest movie character of all time by Empire magazine.[1]", "1 Fictional character biography", "1.3 In the Army", "1.5 Ping Pong and New York City", "1.6 Shrimping Boat Captain", "1.7 Home in Alabama", "1.8 Running", "1.9 Back to the present", "2 Differences from the novel", "Forrest was born near the small town of Greenbow, Alabama, on June 6, 1944. His father was absent during his life, and his mother said he was on vacation . His mother named Forrest after their ancestor Nathan Bedford Forrest, a Scotch-Irish American[2] and a noted Confederate general in the American Civil War and the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan. She intended his name to be a reminder that sometimes we all do things that, well, just don t make no sense .", "Forrest was born with strong legs but a crooked spine. He was forced to wear leg braces which made walking difficult and running near impossible. He also had a relatively low I.Q. of 75, which nearly prevented him from being accepted into public school. (His mother managed to get the principal to reconsider by letting him sleep with her.) Despite his physical and mental challenges, Forrest s mother told him not to let anyone tell him he was different, telling him stupid is as stupid does .", "Forrest and his mother lived in a large house just outside the town of Greenbow. They made money by renting out rooms to travelers. One of their guests was a young Elvis Presley. Forrest liked dancing to Elvis music and his leg braces gave him a unique dancing style that would inspire Elvis s hip dancing , for his song Hound Dog .", "On the bus ride on Forrest s first day of school, Forrest met Jenny Curran and was instantly taken by her. I had never seen anything so beautiful in my life, he would later say of her, she was like an angel. The two became close friends, often playing around a large nearby tree. Forrest described their relationship saying, Jenny and me was like peas and carrots. Jenny was one of the few people besides his mother to accept Forrest as he was, helping him learn to read and stand up to bullies who harassed him. However, Jenny s home life was not nearly as happy as Forrest s: her mother had died when she was five and her father was an abusive alcoholic who molested and beat his children (until Jenny was taken away to live with her grandmother), and Forrest s friendship offered her an escape.", "One day, a group of bullies was throwing rocks at Forrest, and one of them cut his forehead. Jenny told Forrest, Run Forrest run! , which he did, only to prompt the bullies to chase him on their bikes. As Forrest struggled to run, his leg braces broke apart. Once he was free of them, Forrest was able to run incredibly fast. Forrest would never wear leg braces again, and was able to run anywhere he wanted to after that.", "Forrest and Jenny remained close friends all the way through high school, though he remained a target for bullies. One day, while running from some bullies, he interrupted the local high school s football practice by running across the field faster than all the players. This feat caught the attention of Alabama Crimson Tide head football coach Paul Bear Bryant, who was at the practice scouting football players. After his incredible running ability impressed the coach, Forrest received a football scholarship to the University of Alabama, where his speed helped them win several games. He played for five years and wore jersey number 44, which is believed to be a reference to his birth year. He was later named to the All-American team and got to meet President John F. Kennedy at the White House. When asked by the President how he felt, Forrest (having drunk about fifteen Dr. Peppers) gave an honest answer: I gotta pee.", "Forrest was also present at the University when it was desegregated and observed Governor George Wallace s Stand in the Schoolhouse Door, denouncing the desegregation. While several citizens jeered the black students entering the campus, Forrest, not entirely understanding the situation, simply walked up to Vivian Malone and handed her a book she dropped, saying simply Ma am? You dropped your book...ma am? before following her and James Hood into school, causing his coaches to watch the incident in disbelief. Forrest later spends time with Jenny in her college dormitory during a rainy day after she had gotten abused by another college boy.", "In the Army[edit]", "At his college graduation in 1967, Forrest was approached by an army recruiter who asked if he d ...given any thought to his future . Soon after, Forrest would join the United States Army. On the bus going to boot camp, Forrest met Benjamin Buford Blue, a young black man from Bayou La Batre, Alabama, who went by the nickname Bubba . Bubba told Forrest about his family history of cooking shrimp and how he had planned to buy his own shrimping boat after getting out of the army. Bubba explains to Forrest that he loves all kinds of shrimp, and makes a long list of different types, with Forrest being the only one to really listen to him.", "Forrest did well in the army as he followed orders well without distraction; for example, he set a new company record for assembling his M14 rifle with his drill sergeant, who regularly singled him out as an example for the other recruits, replying he would be an Army General. Meanwhile, while Jenny was having multiple relationships with different men, having been kicked out of school for wearing her school sweater to pose in Playboy, she had gotten work singing in the nude at a strip club in Memphis, Tennessee under the stage name Bobbie Dylan . Forrest goes to visit her at the club, and gets into a fight with some patrons who are harassing her during her performance. During an argument that takes place shortly after, Forrest tells Jenny that he loves her, but Jenny replies that he doesn t know what love is. Jenny is angry, but later becomes concerned when he tells her he was being deployed to Vietnam to serve in the Vietnam War. Jenny tells him not to try being brave if he was ever in trouble and to just run away instead.", "While in Vietnam, and assigned to company A, 2/47th Infantry, 3rd Brigade, 9th Infantry Division,[3] Forrest and Bubba meet their platoon leader Lieutenant Dan Taylor, whom Forrest would refer to as Lieutenant Dan . While on patrol, Bubba proposed that he and Forrest go into the shrimping business together after their time in the army was finished, and Forrest agreed.", "After several uneventful months, their platoon was ambushed by the Viet Cong and several soldiers were wounded and killed. In the confusion, Forrest initially was ordered to retreat, and was separated from the rest of his platoon, but after becoming concerned for Bubba, he ran back to look for him. Forrest then found Lieutenant Dan and several other wounded soldiers and carried them to safety before continuing to look for Bubba. Forrest finally found Bubba badly wounded and managed to carry him away from the combat area before it was hit with napalm from an air strike. Sadly, Bubba died of complications from his wounds soon after; his last words were I wanna go home.", "Forrest himself was shot in the buttocks during the firefight and recovered in an army medical center in Saigon. Lieutenant Dan was in the bed next to his, having lost his legs because of his injuries. Lieutenant Dan later became angry at Forrest for cheating him out of his destiny to die in battle with honor (as several of his ancestors had) and rendering him crippled.", "Washington, D.C.[edit]", "Forrest later receives the Medal of Honor for his bravery in Vietnam. When being awarded, President Lyndon B. Johnson asked where he was hit and when Forrest told him, he whispers in his ear, asking if he d like to see it, President Johnson simply smiles and walks away.", "Shortly thereafter, Forrest went out sightseeing in Washington, D.C. and accidentally found himself among a group of veterans attending an anti-war rally led by Abbie Hoffman. While making a speech at the rally that was rudely cut off by a policeman, he was reunited with Jenny, who had since become a hippie. Forrest was less enamored with her new boyfriend Wesley, the president of the SDS at Berkeley, and beat him up after he saw him hit Jenny during an argument at a Black Panther Party gathering. Forrest and Jenny stayed up all night while Jenny told Forrest of her travels. Before they went their separate ways again in the morning, Forrest gave Jenny his Medal of Honor, saying I got it just by doing what you told me to do, since Jenny told him to just run away instead of being brave in combat.", "Ping Pong and New York City[edit]", "In 1969, Forrest joined the Army Special Services, where he entertained wounded military veterans with his Ping-Pong skills. His exceptional skills earned him a place in the All-American Ping Pong team, with whom he traveled to China during the Ping Pong Diplomacy period of the early 1970s. Upon his return, Forrest was a national celebrity, famous-er even than Captain Kangaroo , and was invited to New York City by Dick Cavett to appear on The Dick Cavett Show, where John Lennon was also a guest at the time. Hearing Forrest talking about the Chinese having no possessions and no religion during his interview with Dick would eventually inspire John Lennon to write the song Imagine .", "Soon after, Forrest reunites and stays with Lieutenant Dan, his platoon leader from Vietnam and now using a wheelchair, over the winter holidays. Dan has since became an alcoholic who has lost all faith in God, and was dismayed that such an imbecile like Forrest could earn the Medal of Honor and humiliate himself on national television. During a New Year s Eve celebration in 1971, Forrest persuades Lieutenant Dan to join him in the shrimping business as his first mate, in an effort to fulfill his promise made to Bubba earlier in Vietnam. Dan later invites two prostitutes, Carla and Lenore, to his New Year s Day party, both of whom he eventually kicked out of his apartment for insulting Forrest when Forrest rejected their advances. Forrest apologizes to Dan for ruining his party, who replied by simply wishing Forrest Happy New Year.", "In June 1972, Forrest was invited with the US Ping Pong team to the White House, where he meets President Richard Nixon, who offers him a room to stay in at Watergate Hotel. That night, Forrest was awakened by a group of people with flashlights breaking into an unlit office. Mistaking it for a power outage, Forrest calls security guard Frank Wills to inform him about the break-in, inadvertently initiating the Watergate Scandal and leading to Richard Nixon s resignation in August 1974. In that same year, Forrest was honorably discharged from the Army with the rank of Sergeant.", "Shrimping Boat Captain[edit]", "Upon his return in August 1974, Forrest finds his Greenbow house filled with memorabilia capitalizing on his fame as a ping-pong player in China. At his mother s insistence, Forrest made $25,000 endorsing a brand of ping-pong paddles, and used most of the money to travel to Bubba s hometown of Bayou La Batre and purchase a boat. When someone pointed out it was bad luck to have a boat without a name, Forrest names his boat after Jenny, which he calls, The most beautiful name in the whole wide world. Unbeknownst to Forrest, Jenny had descended into a life of drugs, burglary and sexual promiscuity at this point, but an event in which she nearly slips and falls off a balcony as she contemplates suicide while high on drugs in a Los Angeles apartment shakes her to her core.", "Later Forrest was visited by Lieutenant Dan who, just as he said he would do on New Year s Eve of 1971, had come to be Forrest s first mate. For several weeks, the two had no luck catching shrimp. However, things changed when the area was hit by Hurricane Carmen. Forrest s boat was the only one left standing and they found themselves with a monopoly of shrimp. Under the name Bubba Gump Shrimp Company, they soon became very wealthy. Apparently having faced his demons during the storm, Lieutenant Dan thanked Forrest for saving his life in Vietnam, and Forrest assumes that Dan (without actually saying so) made peace with God.", "Home in Alabama[edit]", "Forrest returned home to Greenbow in September 1975 when he learned his mother was dying of cancer. After her death, Forrest stays and leaves his shrimping industry in the hands of Lieutenant Dan and retired to mowing and cutting grass and lawns, as he apparently enjoys doing it. Meanwhile, Lieutenant Dan participated in a substantial investment into what Forrest says to be some kind of fruit company. In reality, the company was the fledgling Apple Computer. With the money he got from the Apple Computer investment, Forrest spent them on renovating the church he frequents, establishing a medical center at Bubba s hometown and gave Bubba s family Bubba s share of the investment money that is enough for them to never work again.", "Jenny returned to Greenbow and moves in with Forrest. The two spent time together catching up, and Forrest later describes it as the happiest time of [his] life again. One day, they happen to walk past the now abandoned house that had belonged to Jenny s father. She stares transfixed for a moment, and then starts throwing every rock she can find at it, before collapsing in despair, and now Forrest truly understands the ordeal she had been through as a child. Another night, July 4, 1976, Forrest asked Jenny to marry him, but she turns him down, saying You don t want to marry me. Forrest replies with, Why don t you love me Jenny? I m not a smart man, but I know what love is. After this exchange, Jenny comes to Forrest s bedroom, tells him she loves him, and the two make love. Wanting to restart on her own, Jenny hails a cab very early the next morning and leaves before he wakes up.", "Running[edit]", "Forrest s new-found loneliness leads him to take a run for no particular reason. At first, he decides to run to the end of the road, then across town, then across the county, then all the way to the Mississippi border. Eventually, he criss-crosses the country several times over a span of three years. Forrest attracts media coverage, and eventually, dozens of followers initiating and inspiring what would become the jogging craze of 1978\u201381. Meanwhile, Jenny has taken a job as a waitress in Savannah, Georgia and sees news coverage of Forrest s run on television. During the run, he inspires the phrase Shit happens to a bumper-sticker salesman after stepping in a pile of dog droppings. He also uses a yellow T-shirt provided to him by a shirt designer to wipe off his face after being splattered by mud from a big rig. In the process, he forms the iconic Smiley face logo and tells the man Have a nice day. One day, while running in the Western United States, Forrest suddenly stops; his followers all stop and listen on in anticipation, expecting him to offer words of wisdom, but instead he simply announces that he s tired, then turns around and walks back to Alabama, leaving his followers dumbfounded at his sudden decision.", "Back to the present[edit]", "Back to the present (the present in the film being 1981, as seen from a car and on a bus, and televised footage of Ronald Reagan s escape from assassination), Forrest tells his latest companion on the bench, an elderly woman, that he had recently received a letter from Jenny asking him to come see her. When told Forrest s destination, the old lady informs him that it is only 5 to 6 blocks away. Thanking her, Forrest sets off on foot towards Jenny s home.", "Forrest and Jenny are happy to see each other. However, before they can do much catching up, Forrest is introduced to Jenny s young son, a bright young boy whom she named Forrest after him. Forrest at first thinks she met another man named Forrest, until she explains You re his daddy, Forrest. Forrest s fearful inquiry as to Little Forrest s intelligence leads Jenny to quickly assert that he is completely normal. Forrest learns that Jenny is sick from an unknown virus (implied to be either HIV or Hepatitis C, as both were unknown diseases at that time) which has no known cure. He invites her and Little Forrest to come home and stay with him. She asks him to marry her and he accepts.", "Forrest and Jenny s wedding is a quiet, intimate ceremony attended only by a handful of family and friends. Among the attendees is Lieutenant Dan, who has titanium prosthetic legs, (claiming to be made of the same material as the Space Shuttle), with his Vietnamese fianc\u00e9e Susan. It is the only time Jenny and Dan meet. Forrest, Jenny and Little Forrest only have a year together as a family before Jenny would die on a Saturday. Before she dies, she asked Forrest what it was like in Vietnam. He responded by saying that it was nice, and when it stopped raining, it would be quiet and peaceful. He also states that while running in Oregon, it looked as if there were two skies and two mountains (since there was a lake in front of the mountain). Forrest also states that while running in the desert, when the sun was rising, it was the most beautiful sight ever.", "Jenny responds by saying that she wished she was there with him. Forrest smiles and says, You were there with me . Forrest has her buried under the tree where they played as children, then buys her childhood home (where her father had abused her) and has it bulldozed. Though he misses Jenny terribly, Forrest becomes a good father to Little Forrest.", "Visiting Jenny s grave one day in 1982, he reflects on the idea of fate and destiny, wondering if his mother was right about people having their own destiny, or if Lieutenant Dan was right about description of life as floating around accidentally like on a breeze. Forrest eventually decides maybe it s both, maybe both are happening at the same time. He leaves Jenny a letter from Little Forrest and tells her If there s anything you need, I won t be far away.", "Forrest is last seen outside his home, sitting where he and his mother sat waiting for the bus, seeing Little Forrest off on his bus ride to school, telling him that he loves him and that he will be waiting for him.", "Differences from the novel[edit]", "Forrest Gump brick in front of the Lucas Theater in Savannah, Georgia, USA", "The portrayal of Forrest in the original novel differs from how he was portrayed in the film. In the novel, Forrest is shown to be somewhat cynical and abrasive, while in the film, he is more placid and na\u00efve. The novel also describes him as being a savant with extraordinary talent in numerical calculation (as shown when he states the exact amount of time in years, months, days and hours that he spent running across the country). Other changes from the novel to the film include the deaths of Forrest s mother and his wife, Jenny, neither of whom died in the book. Whilst the film has him running around the country for over three long years, the novel sends him rocketing into space and later crash-landing in New Guinea and being captured by a tribe of cannibals.", "The novel also provides additional backstory on his father. It is revealed that his father was a longshoreman who worked for United Fruit Company. He was killed when a crate of bananas being loaded off of a boat fell on top of him, crushing him to death. Forrest goes on a number of different adventures including being an astronaut, playing the harmonica in a band called the Cracked Eggs, becoming a professional wrestler ( The Dunce ) and running for the United States Senate (with the campaign slogan We Got to Pee ).", "^ 100 greatest movie characters on Empire", "^ Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forest .", "^ https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0109830/trivia", "Winston Groom s Forrest Gump (1986)", "Forrest Gump (soundtrack)", "Forrest Gump \u2013 Original Motion Picture Score (score)", "Gump (satire)", "Gump and Co. (sequel novel)", "Forbes Fictional 15", "Oliver Daddy Warbucks", "Arthur Bach", "Prince Abakaliki of Nigeria", "Adrian Veidt", "Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Forrest_Gump_(character)&oldid=884334759", "Characters in American novels of the 20th century", "Drama film characters", "Fictional American people of Scotch-Irish descent", "Fictional American people of German descent", "Fictional businesspeople", "Fictional characters from Alabama", "Fictional characters with disability", "Fictional characters with disfigurements", "Fictional players of American football", "Fictional ship captains", "Fictional military captains", "Fictional musicians", "Fictional fishers", "Fictional privates", "Fictional military sergeants", "Fictional Vietnam War veterans", "Fictional victims of bullies", "Fictional Medal of Honor recipients", "Fictional runners", "Fictional professional wrestlers", "Fictional table tennis players", "Fictional United States Army personnel", "Male characters in literature", "Articles that need to differentiate between fact and fiction from May 2011", "Articles that may contain original research from July 2015" ] } ], "selected_contents": [ [ false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ] ] }, "timestamp": 1616078280 }, { "action": "Apprentice => Wizard", "text": "I can't even count the amount of times I've seen it. It is so good. Just feel good all around. Do you think there is a role out there that Tom Hanks wouldn't be able to play?", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616078362 }, { "action": "Wizard => SearchAgent", "text": "Tom hanks disabled man", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616078405 }, { "action": "SearchAgent => Wizard", "text": "", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://deadstate.org/pro-trump-journalist-that-red-shoe-in-tom-hanks-movie-was-actually-made-out-of-baby-skin/", "title": "Pro Trump journalist That red shoe in Tom Hanks movie", "content": [ "Pro-Trump \u2018journalist\u2019: That red shoe in Tom Hanks\u2019 movie was actually made out of \u2018baby skin\u2019", "Right-wing \u201cjournalist\u201d Liz Crokin has a rather unusual theory about Tom Hanks because he made a movie about a red shoe. Crokin, a proponent of the QAnon conspiracy theory, claimed in a New Year\u2019s Eve video that the actor is one of several high-profile notables who will be arrested for allegedly being a pedophile and practicing satanist, Right Wing Watch reports.", "\u201cThere is a lot of evidence and symbolism with Tom Hanks,\u201d Crokin said. \u201cYou can go look at some of the work he\u2019s done, you can look at some of the skits he\u2019s done on Saturday Night Live, you can look at some of the movies he\u2019s been in. \u2026 I think one of the first movies he did was [The Man With One Red Shoe] \u2026 it was a movie about red shoes; we know that red shoes are significant and symbolic to the occult because they make red shoes out of babies\u2019 skin.\u201d", "Crokin then claimed Hanks would be one of the first big names to be indicted because the person behind the QAnon conspiracy theory frequently uses the word \u201cbig\u201d in posts and \u201cBig\u201d is one of the actor\u2019s most notable movies.", "\u201cTom Hanks was in a movie \u2018Big,\u2019 and, of course, the movie is based off basically pedophilia because he\u2019s a little kid in a grown man\u2019s body that ends up having a sexual relationship with a grown woman,\u201d she said. \u201cSo a lot of Anons are theorizing that he could be the first big-name unsealed indictment. I think it\u2019s a really good theory.\u201d", "Related Items:Big, featured, Liz Crokin, QAnon, The Man With One Red Shoe, Tom Hanks", "Pro-Trump \u2018journalist\u2019: Kim Jong-un is actually a nice guy who was \u2018freed by Trump from the Deep State\u2019" ] }, { "url": "https://sophianews.com/2019/11/is-tom-hanks-the-kindest-man-in-the-world/", "title": "Is Tom Hanks the Kindest Man in World Sophia News", "content": [ "Posted by Cassandra Ledger | Celebrities, Celebrity Giving, Featured Articles | 0", "Credit: bestfunforall", "What exactly does it mean to be an \u201cEveryman?\u201d In literature, the \u201ceveryman\u201d is an ordinary character that the audience is supposed to easily identify with despite the character\u2019s extraordinary circumstances.", "With that baseline definition, it\u2019s easy to see why people everywhere call Tom Hanks an everyman. Those are the types of characters he seems to be drawn to. Consider Forrest Gump\u2014a man from fictional Greenbow, Alabama who breaks free from his leg braces running, joins the Army, meets more than one president, runs across the entirety of the United States, and so much more. \u201cCast Away\u201d pits Hank\u2019s character, Chuck Noland, a systems engineer against surviving on a deserted island after a plane crash for four long, isolated years.", "Credit: Hollywood Reporter", "Both of these characters are quintessential \u201ceveryman\u201d characters, as are many of the characters Hanks is drawn to. Tom Hanks is drawn to extraordinary stories based in reality, something New York Times journalist Taffy Brodesser-Akner refers to a \u201c[movies] with optimism.\u201d He doesn\u2019t\u2019 like playing villains who destroy for the hell of it. Hanks likes characters who are complicated in realistic ways, and are motivated by reality. It\u2019s something longtime director Robert Zemeckis says Hanks is great at delivering.", "But Hanks\u2019 \u201ceveryman\u201d quality extends far past the characters he plays\u2014many attribute that relatability people garner from Hanks to his kindness.", "Tom Hanks is well known as one of the nicest men in Hollywood. Hanks gives back to well over two dozen organizations, including the American Foundation for AIDS Research, Lifeline Energy, and UNICEF, on a regular basis. He took part in a telethon for victims of 9/11, serves on the Board of Governors for the National Space Society, and advocates research on alternative fuels. Hanks actively works to use his wealth and resources for good. His efforts even granted him the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016, bestowed by former president Barack Obama.", "Credit: Financial Times", "Kindness, however, cannot be measured in the amount of organizations you donate your time and money to, especially in Hollywood where philanthropy is often seen as yet another symbol of status. Where Hanks\u2019 kindness really shines is in every day settings where he has no obligation to show that kindness, but he does anyway. Like finding a student ID and sharing it on Twitter in hopes of getting it to the girl who lost it. Like helping a bride and her father get to a chapel that was blocked off due to filming.", "Where many celebrities might not seize an opportunity to help, Tom Hanks extends his hand. A member of Hanks\u2019 team shared a story where they were driving to the airport and she grew horribly car sick. Though she tried to hide it, Hanks noticed and switched seats with her to alleviate her illness. Brodesser-Akner had an interview with Hanks, but upon waking up the morning of, breathless, had to go to urgent care. The interview was supposed to be later in the day, but Hanks rearranged his schedule so they could meet earlier and she could leave Santa Fe and relieve her altitude sickness sooner than planned.", "Many people, actors or otherwise, might not even think to find these solutions not due to any sense of malice, but simply because the thought did not occur to them. The thought occurred to Hanks, however, and he made the active choice to express goodwill.", "But through all that kindness, Tom Hanks sees a fault in his method. In a way, Hanks feels it helps him hide. \u201cI thought the thing to do was to win the moment more than carry through with an idea,\u201d Hanks says on seducing a room. \u201cI\u2019d come to a meeting, and they\u2019d say, \u2018I understand you have problems with the rewrite.\u2019 I\u2019d say, \u2018No, no, no, hell, we can make it work.\u2019 That\u2019s a cowardice there. And that\u2019s me being willing to seduce whoever that person is on the other side of the room. In which what do I come off as, \u2018Oh, he\u2019s got no problem, he can make it work, he\u2019s a good guy to work with,\u2019 et cetera, et cetera.\u201d", "Credit: The Kansas City Star", "That fear of self-assertion is something many of us struggle with. We want to be easy to work with. We want people to see us as \u201cgood.\u201d The way Hanks dances around a situation to \u201cseduce\u201d a room is something that bleeds further into that \u201ceveryman\u201d quality.", "When it was announced that Tom Hanks would portray Fred Rogers in the upcoming movie, \u201cA Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood,\u201d many felt Hanks with the perfect choice\u2014some even going as far to say Hanks was playing himself, but \u201cslower.\u201d But Hanks portrayal is much more than that. He studied hours of tapes to get Mister Rogers\u2019 cadence and intonation down pat.", "\u201cI think it\u2019s an essence thing,\u201d Marielle Heller, director of \u201cA Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood,\u201d says about Hanks performance. \u201cIt\u2019s something in the energy and the essence and behind the eyes that you feel the same way looking at him as you feel looking at Mister Rogers, and that was what was so important to me. I never wanted him to be doing an imitation.\u201d", "Is kindness that essence? Maybe. It is certainly something Hanks puts forward in every aspect of his life. We see it in the way he treats strangers. We see it in his interviews. We see it in that public persona so many people in Hollywood try so desperately to hone.", "At the Kennedy Center Honors reception in 2014, President Obama said this about Tom Hanks. \u201cPeople have said that Tom is Hollywood\u2019s Everyman; that he\u2019s this generation\u2019s Jimmy Stewart or Gary Cooper. But he\u2019s just Tom Hanks. And that\u2019s enough. That\u2019s more than enough.\u201d", "PreviousPower Philanthropist Profile: Joshua Williams", "NextAre We Happier During the Holidays?", "Kristen Bell and Friends Get Stranded In a Hotel Thanks to Hurricane Irma: A Good Time Ensues", "Dr. Leonard Roudner and His Relationship with Glamorous Miami" ] }, { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tom-Hanks", "title": "Tom Hanks Biography Movies Facts Britannica", "content": [ "Alternative Title: Thomas J. Hanks", "Tom Hanks, in full Thomas J. Hanks, (born July 9, 1956, Concord, California, U.S.), American actor whose cheerful everyman persona made him a natural for starring roles in many popular films. In the 1990s he expanded his comedic repertoire and began portraying lead characters in dramas.", "After a nomadic childhood, Hanks majored in drama at California State University and performed in summer stock in Cleveland, Ohio, playing a variety of classical roles. In the late 1970s he moved to New York City, where he had a small part in a horror film in 1980.", "Hanks gained notice for his comic abilities as a costar of the television series Bosom Buddies (1980\u201382). His work in the hit film Splash (1984) earned him leads in other comedies, including Bachelor Party (1984), Volunteers (1985), and The Money Pit (1986). He successfully mixed comedy with drama in Nothing in Common (1986) and Punchline (1988), and his portrayal of a boy in an adult body in Big (1988) earned him an Academy Award nomination and launched him on the path to becoming one of the era\u2019s most popular stars.", "After starring opposite actress Meg Ryan in the romantic comedy Joe Versus the Volcano (1990), Hanks reteamed with her in Sleepless in Seattle (1993) and You\u2019ve Got Mail (1998), both directed by Nora Ephron. He portrayed the drunken manager of a women\u2019s baseball team in the comedy A League of Their Own (1992) and delivered an Oscar-winning performance as a gay lawyer with AIDS in Philadelphia (1993). Another Academy Award, for the phenomenally popular Forrest Gump (1994), made him the first actor to win back-to-back best actor Oscars since Spencer Tracy.", "Hanks earned further Oscar nominations for outstanding dramatic performances in Saving Private Ryan (1998), which was directed by Steven Spielberg, and Cast Away (2000). Additional dramatic roles came in Apollo 13 (1995), The Green Mile (1999), and Road to Perdition (2002). In the blockbuster Toy Story series (1995, 1999, 2010), Hanks provided the voice of the animated cowboy Woody.", "In 2002 Hanks starred with Leonardo DiCaprio in Spielberg\u2019s Catch Me If You Can, and he portrayed Robert Langdon, a professor of symbology, in the 2006 film adaptation of Dan Brown\u2019s hugely popular The Da Vinci Code; he reprised the role of Langdon in Angels & Demons (2009) and Inferno (2016). In Charlie Wilson\u2019s War (2007), Hanks appeared as the real-life senator Charlie Wilson, who assisted the Afghan resistance to the Soviets in the 1980s, and he later portrayed a father killed in the September 11 attacks in the drama Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close (2011). For the mystical epic Cloud Atlas (2012), which wove together multiple narratives, he took on six roles, ranging from a 19th-century surgeon to a postapocalyptic tribesman.", "Tom Hanks and Julia Roberts in Charlie Wilson s War (2007). \u00a9 Francois Duhamel\u2014Participant Media, LLC", "In 2013 Hanks made his Broadway debut in Lucky Guy, a play by Ephron based on the life of journalist Mike McAlary, and he captured a Tony Award nomination for his starring performance as the colourful hard-nosed newsman. Later that year he returned to the big screen with Captain Phillips, a drama based on the true story of an American cargo ship hijacked by Somali pirates in 2009, and Saving Mr. Banks, a comedy based on the efforts of Walt Disney to obtain the film rights to P.L. Travers\u2019s novel Mary Poppins (1934). Hanks then portrayed lawyer James B. Donovan, who defended (1957) Soviet spy Rudolf Abel and later orchestrated his 1962 release in exchange for American pilot Francis Gary Powers, in Steven Spielberg\u2019s Cold War drama Bridge of Spies (2015).", "A Hologram for the King (2016), an adaptation of a novel by Dave Eggers, starred Hanks as a salesman who journeys to Saudi Arabia in an attempt to revive his fortunes. Also in 2016 he appeared as the title character in Sully, Clint Eastwood\u2019s drama based on the true story of a commercial airline pilot who made an emergency landing in the Hudson River. After starring in The Circle, Hanks reunited with Spielberg for The Post (both 2017), about publication of the Pentagon Papers. In the drama, he portrayed Ben Bradlee, executive editor of The Washington Post.", "In addition to his acting, Hanks wrote and directed the comedy That Thing You Do! (1996), about a fictional 1960s rock band. He later cowrote, directed, and starred opposite Julia Roberts in the romance Larry Crowne (2011), playing an unemployed man who enrolls in community college. Hanks also produced a number of films and such television miniseries as From the Earth to the Moon (1998), which documents the Apollo space program, and the World War II dramas Band of Brothers (2001) and The Pacific (2010). In 2009 he narrated Beyond All Boundaries, a documentary about World War II that used animation, archival footage, and sensory effects, including shaking seats; the 35-minute film was produced for the National World War II Museum in New Orleans. He also wrote the short-story collection Uncommon Type (2017).", "Hanks was the recipient of numerous acting awards. In addition, he received a Kennedy Center Honor in 2014 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016.", "Steven Spielberg: The 1990s", "Tom Hanks portrayed Captain John Miller, who leads the mission, and the strong cast also includes Matt Damon in the title role, along with Tom Sizemore, Edward Burns, Barry Pepper, Adam Goldberg, Giovanni Ribisi, Ted Danson, and Vin Diesel. Saving Private Ryan was nominated for\u2026", "\u2026intellectually disabled man (played by Tom Hanks) in an unlikely fable that earned critical praise, large audiences, and six Academy Awards, including best picture.\u2026", "drama Philadelphia (1993) starred Tom Hanks in an Oscar-winning turn as a homosexual lawyer fired after being diagnosed with AIDS. Beloved (1998), an adaptation of Toni Morrison\u2019s novel, featured Oprah Winfrey as a former slave haunted by her past misdeeds. Rachel Getting Married (2008) follows a young woman (Anne\u2026", "California State University, extensive system of public institutions of higher education in California, U.S., one of the largest such systems in the country. It has campuses at Bakersfield, Channel Islands (at Camarillo), Chico, Dominguez Hills (at Carson), East Bay, Fresno, Fullerton, Long Beach, Los Angeles, Monterey Bay (at Seaside), Northridge,\u2026", "Cleveland, city, seat (1810) of Cuyahoga county, northeastern Ohio, U.S. It is a major St. Lawrence Seaway port on the southern shore of Lake Erie, at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River. Greater Cleveland sprawls along the lake for about 100 miles (160 km) and runs more than 40 miles\u2026", "More About Tom Hanks", "\u201cForrest Gump\u201d", "In Forrest Gump", "In Jonathan Demme", "In Steven Spielberg: The 1990s", "Turner Classic Movies - Biography of Tom Hanks", "AllMovie - Biography of Tom Hanks", "Los Angeles Times Hollywood Star Walk - Tom Hanks", "Tom Hanks - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)", "\u201cThe Bonfire of the Vanities\u201d", "Sam Rockwell - Facts" ] }, { "url": "https://www.listchallenges.com/complete-list-of-tom-hanks-movies", "title": "Complete List of Tom Hanks Movies", "content": [ "Complete List of Tom Hanks Movies", "A complete list of films Tom Hanks has either appeared in or has helped produce, please select the ones you have seen. (Updated October 2019.)", "made by Stacey.mcculloch91", "Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon (2005)" ] }, { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/Forrest-Gump", "title": "Forrest Gump Plot Cast Awards Facts Britannica", "content": [ "film by Zemeckis [1994]", "Forrest Gump, American film, released in 1994, that chronicled 30 years (from the 1950s through the early 1980s) of the life of a intellectually disabled man (played by Tom Hanks) in an unlikely fable that earned critical praise, large audiences, and six Academy Awards, including best picture.", "The film opens with Forrest Gump (Hanks) sitting on a bench in Savannah, Georgia, and narrating his life story to various strangers who sit next to him. The plot unfolds in a series of flashbacks. As a child, Forrest (played by Michael Conner Humphreys) lives with his single mother (Sally Field) in Greenbow, Alabama. He has an IQ of 75 and wears braces on his legs, but his mother has raised him to believe that he is no different from anyone else. On his first day on the school bus, a little girl named Jenny (Hanna Hall) is the only child who will allow Gump to sit next to her. One day when he is being chased by bullies, his braces fall off, and he discovers that he can run swiftly. This ability gets him onto the football team in high school and earns him a scholarship to the University of Alabama in the sport. He grows up to be a simple and guileless man. Gump joins the U.S. Army and is sent to Vietnam. He becomes close to fellow recruit Bubba Blue (Mykelti Williamson), who persuades Gump that they will operate a shrimp boat together when they have been released from the service, and to his commanding officer, Lieutenant Dan (Gary Sinise). However, Bubba is killed, and Gump saves Lieutenant Dan in a battle in which Dan loses his legs and Gump is wounded. Gump is awarded the Medal of Honor. While he is recuperating, he learns to play table tennis well enough to defeat Chinese table tennis champions and become famous for his skills. After his discharge, Gump finds himself at an antiwar rally, where he encounters a bitter and alcoholic Lieutenant Dan and his beloved Jenny (Robin Wright), who is following a hippie lifestyle. Gump later returns to Alabama and buys a shrimping boat. Lieutenant Dan joins him in creating the wildly successful Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. Lieutenant Dan invests the profits in Apple Computer, and both men become wealthy. After Jenny declines his proposal of marriage, Gump spends the next three and a half years running back and forth across the country before returning home. Jenny then introduces Gump to their son (Haley Joel Osment). Gump and Jenny are married shortly before Jenny dies from what may be hepatitis C. Throughout the film, Gump becomes involved in numerous important events in American history that occur in that time period.", "Forrest Gump was based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom. Director Robert Zemeckis used computer-generated effects to insert Forrest into historical scenes, including meetings with presidents and celebrities, and used a \u201cgreatest hits\u201d sound track to evoke a sense of time and place. The movie\u2019s warm, comic spirit made it a favourite of many viewers, though others decried it as clich\u00e9-riddled. Hanks won a rare second consecutive best-actor Oscar for his portrayal of Gump. The film marked Osment\u2019s film debut and made Sinise, previously best known for his stage work, a movie star. In 2003 Sinise created the Lt. Dan Band, a cover band that performed at USO shows and at benefits for disabled veterans. The Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. chain of casual seafood restaurants, founded in 1996, was named after the fictional shrimping enterprise in the film.", "Writers: Winston Groom (novel) and Eric Roth (screenplay)", "Tom Hanks (Forrest Gump)", "Sally Field (Mrs. Gump)", "Robin Wright (Jenny)", "Mykelti Williamson (Bubba Blue)", "Gary Sinise (Lieutenant Dan)", "Haley Joel Osment (Forrest Gump, Jr.)", "Lead actor* (Tom Hanks)", "Supporting actor (Gary Sinise)", "Directing*", "Editing*", "Visual effects*", "Woody Allen: The 1980s", "\u2026form of this technique in Forrest Gump [1994]). Allen plays \u201chuman chameleon\u201d Leonard Zelig, who has an uncanny ability to appear at the most critical junctures of history in the 1920s\u2014listening to Adolf Hitler stir a crowd, watching Babe Ruth swat a home run\u2014although he himself desires only anonymity.\u2026", "\u2026Award, for the phenomenally popular Forrest Gump (1994), made him the first actor to win back-to-back best actor Oscars since Spencer Tracy.\u2026", "In Forrest Gump (1994), the title character crosses paths with several historical figures, including John F. Kennedy and Elvis Presley. Rather than hire actors to portray these famous individuals, Zemeckis grafted footage of actor Tom Hanks into archival news clips. The resulting film earned Zemeckis the\u2026", "Academy Award, any of a number of awards presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, located in Beverly Hills, California, U.S., to recognize achievement in the film industry. The awards were first presented in 1929, and winners receive\u2026", "Savannah, industrial seaport city, seat (1777) of Chatham county, southeastern Georgia, U.S., at the mouth of the Savannah River. Savannah was established in 1733 by James Edward Oglethorpe, the founder of Georgia, who named it for the river. The city was planned around a system of squares, which have been\u2026", "More About Forrest Gump", "association with \u201cZelig\u201d", "In Woody Allen: The 1980s", "In Robert Zemeckis", "role of Hanks", "In Tom Hanks", "Brett Kavanaugh, associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 2018. Kavanaugh was the only child\u2026" ] } ] }, "timestamp": null }, { "action": "Wizard => Apprentice", "text": "Absolutely not he's very well adaptable and all his roles have been so versatile. He's played everything from a captain to a disabled man. ", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://deadstate.org/pro-trump-journalist-that-red-shoe-in-tom-hanks-movie-was-actually-made-out-of-baby-skin/", "title": "Pro Trump journalist That red shoe in Tom Hanks movie", "content": [ "Pro-Trump \u2018journalist\u2019: That red shoe in Tom Hanks\u2019 movie was actually made out of \u2018baby skin\u2019", "Right-wing \u201cjournalist\u201d Liz Crokin has a rather unusual theory about Tom Hanks because he made a movie about a red shoe. Crokin, a proponent of the QAnon conspiracy theory, claimed in a New Year\u2019s Eve video that the actor is one of several high-profile notables who will be arrested for allegedly being a pedophile and practicing satanist, Right Wing Watch reports.", "\u201cThere is a lot of evidence and symbolism with Tom Hanks,\u201d Crokin said. \u201cYou can go look at some of the work he\u2019s done, you can look at some of the skits he\u2019s done on Saturday Night Live, you can look at some of the movies he\u2019s been in. \u2026 I think one of the first movies he did was [The Man With One Red Shoe] \u2026 it was a movie about red shoes; we know that red shoes are significant and symbolic to the occult because they make red shoes out of babies\u2019 skin.\u201d", "Crokin then claimed Hanks would be one of the first big names to be indicted because the person behind the QAnon conspiracy theory frequently uses the word \u201cbig\u201d in posts and \u201cBig\u201d is one of the actor\u2019s most notable movies.", "\u201cTom Hanks was in a movie \u2018Big,\u2019 and, of course, the movie is based off basically pedophilia because he\u2019s a little kid in a grown man\u2019s body that ends up having a sexual relationship with a grown woman,\u201d she said. \u201cSo a lot of Anons are theorizing that he could be the first big-name unsealed indictment. I think it\u2019s a really good theory.\u201d", "Related Items:Big, featured, Liz Crokin, QAnon, The Man With One Red Shoe, Tom Hanks", "Pro-Trump \u2018journalist\u2019: Kim Jong-un is actually a nice guy who was \u2018freed by Trump from the Deep State\u2019" ] }, { "url": "https://sophianews.com/2019/11/is-tom-hanks-the-kindest-man-in-the-world/", "title": "Is Tom Hanks the Kindest Man in World Sophia News", "content": [ "Posted by Cassandra Ledger | Celebrities, Celebrity Giving, Featured Articles | 0", "Credit: bestfunforall", "What exactly does it mean to be an \u201cEveryman?\u201d In literature, the \u201ceveryman\u201d is an ordinary character that the audience is supposed to easily identify with despite the character\u2019s extraordinary circumstances.", "With that baseline definition, it\u2019s easy to see why people everywhere call Tom Hanks an everyman. Those are the types of characters he seems to be drawn to. Consider Forrest Gump\u2014a man from fictional Greenbow, Alabama who breaks free from his leg braces running, joins the Army, meets more than one president, runs across the entirety of the United States, and so much more. \u201cCast Away\u201d pits Hank\u2019s character, Chuck Noland, a systems engineer against surviving on a deserted island after a plane crash for four long, isolated years.", "Credit: Hollywood Reporter", "Both of these characters are quintessential \u201ceveryman\u201d characters, as are many of the characters Hanks is drawn to. Tom Hanks is drawn to extraordinary stories based in reality, something New York Times journalist Taffy Brodesser-Akner refers to a \u201c[movies] with optimism.\u201d He doesn\u2019t\u2019 like playing villains who destroy for the hell of it. Hanks likes characters who are complicated in realistic ways, and are motivated by reality. It\u2019s something longtime director Robert Zemeckis says Hanks is great at delivering.", "But Hanks\u2019 \u201ceveryman\u201d quality extends far past the characters he plays\u2014many attribute that relatability people garner from Hanks to his kindness.", "Tom Hanks is well known as one of the nicest men in Hollywood. Hanks gives back to well over two dozen organizations, including the American Foundation for AIDS Research, Lifeline Energy, and UNICEF, on a regular basis. He took part in a telethon for victims of 9/11, serves on the Board of Governors for the National Space Society, and advocates research on alternative fuels. Hanks actively works to use his wealth and resources for good. His efforts even granted him the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016, bestowed by former president Barack Obama.", "Credit: Financial Times", "Kindness, however, cannot be measured in the amount of organizations you donate your time and money to, especially in Hollywood where philanthropy is often seen as yet another symbol of status. Where Hanks\u2019 kindness really shines is in every day settings where he has no obligation to show that kindness, but he does anyway. Like finding a student ID and sharing it on Twitter in hopes of getting it to the girl who lost it. Like helping a bride and her father get to a chapel that was blocked off due to filming.", "Where many celebrities might not seize an opportunity to help, Tom Hanks extends his hand. A member of Hanks\u2019 team shared a story where they were driving to the airport and she grew horribly car sick. Though she tried to hide it, Hanks noticed and switched seats with her to alleviate her illness. Brodesser-Akner had an interview with Hanks, but upon waking up the morning of, breathless, had to go to urgent care. The interview was supposed to be later in the day, but Hanks rearranged his schedule so they could meet earlier and she could leave Santa Fe and relieve her altitude sickness sooner than planned.", "Many people, actors or otherwise, might not even think to find these solutions not due to any sense of malice, but simply because the thought did not occur to them. The thought occurred to Hanks, however, and he made the active choice to express goodwill.", "But through all that kindness, Tom Hanks sees a fault in his method. In a way, Hanks feels it helps him hide. \u201cI thought the thing to do was to win the moment more than carry through with an idea,\u201d Hanks says on seducing a room. \u201cI\u2019d come to a meeting, and they\u2019d say, \u2018I understand you have problems with the rewrite.\u2019 I\u2019d say, \u2018No, no, no, hell, we can make it work.\u2019 That\u2019s a cowardice there. And that\u2019s me being willing to seduce whoever that person is on the other side of the room. In which what do I come off as, \u2018Oh, he\u2019s got no problem, he can make it work, he\u2019s a good guy to work with,\u2019 et cetera, et cetera.\u201d", "Credit: The Kansas City Star", "That fear of self-assertion is something many of us struggle with. We want to be easy to work with. We want people to see us as \u201cgood.\u201d The way Hanks dances around a situation to \u201cseduce\u201d a room is something that bleeds further into that \u201ceveryman\u201d quality.", "When it was announced that Tom Hanks would portray Fred Rogers in the upcoming movie, \u201cA Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood,\u201d many felt Hanks with the perfect choice\u2014some even going as far to say Hanks was playing himself, but \u201cslower.\u201d But Hanks portrayal is much more than that. He studied hours of tapes to get Mister Rogers\u2019 cadence and intonation down pat.", "\u201cI think it\u2019s an essence thing,\u201d Marielle Heller, director of \u201cA Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood,\u201d says about Hanks performance. \u201cIt\u2019s something in the energy and the essence and behind the eyes that you feel the same way looking at him as you feel looking at Mister Rogers, and that was what was so important to me. I never wanted him to be doing an imitation.\u201d", "Is kindness that essence? Maybe. It is certainly something Hanks puts forward in every aspect of his life. We see it in the way he treats strangers. We see it in his interviews. We see it in that public persona so many people in Hollywood try so desperately to hone.", "At the Kennedy Center Honors reception in 2014, President Obama said this about Tom Hanks. \u201cPeople have said that Tom is Hollywood\u2019s Everyman; that he\u2019s this generation\u2019s Jimmy Stewart or Gary Cooper. But he\u2019s just Tom Hanks. And that\u2019s enough. That\u2019s more than enough.\u201d", "PreviousPower Philanthropist Profile: Joshua Williams", "NextAre We Happier During the Holidays?", "Kristen Bell and Friends Get Stranded In a Hotel Thanks to Hurricane Irma: A Good Time Ensues", "Dr. Leonard Roudner and His Relationship with Glamorous Miami" ] }, { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tom-Hanks", "title": "Tom Hanks Biography Movies Facts Britannica", "content": [ "Alternative Title: Thomas J. Hanks", "Tom Hanks, in full Thomas J. Hanks, (born July 9, 1956, Concord, California, U.S.), American actor whose cheerful everyman persona made him a natural for starring roles in many popular films. In the 1990s he expanded his comedic repertoire and began portraying lead characters in dramas.", "After a nomadic childhood, Hanks majored in drama at California State University and performed in summer stock in Cleveland, Ohio, playing a variety of classical roles. In the late 1970s he moved to New York City, where he had a small part in a horror film in 1980.", "Hanks gained notice for his comic abilities as a costar of the television series Bosom Buddies (1980\u201382). His work in the hit film Splash (1984) earned him leads in other comedies, including Bachelor Party (1984), Volunteers (1985), and The Money Pit (1986). He successfully mixed comedy with drama in Nothing in Common (1986) and Punchline (1988), and his portrayal of a boy in an adult body in Big (1988) earned him an Academy Award nomination and launched him on the path to becoming one of the era\u2019s most popular stars.", "After starring opposite actress Meg Ryan in the romantic comedy Joe Versus the Volcano (1990), Hanks reteamed with her in Sleepless in Seattle (1993) and You\u2019ve Got Mail (1998), both directed by Nora Ephron. He portrayed the drunken manager of a women\u2019s baseball team in the comedy A League of Their Own (1992) and delivered an Oscar-winning performance as a gay lawyer with AIDS in Philadelphia (1993). Another Academy Award, for the phenomenally popular Forrest Gump (1994), made him the first actor to win back-to-back best actor Oscars since Spencer Tracy.", "Hanks earned further Oscar nominations for outstanding dramatic performances in Saving Private Ryan (1998), which was directed by Steven Spielberg, and Cast Away (2000). Additional dramatic roles came in Apollo 13 (1995), The Green Mile (1999), and Road to Perdition (2002). In the blockbuster Toy Story series (1995, 1999, 2010), Hanks provided the voice of the animated cowboy Woody.", "In 2002 Hanks starred with Leonardo DiCaprio in Spielberg\u2019s Catch Me If You Can, and he portrayed Robert Langdon, a professor of symbology, in the 2006 film adaptation of Dan Brown\u2019s hugely popular The Da Vinci Code; he reprised the role of Langdon in Angels & Demons (2009) and Inferno (2016). In Charlie Wilson\u2019s War (2007), Hanks appeared as the real-life senator Charlie Wilson, who assisted the Afghan resistance to the Soviets in the 1980s, and he later portrayed a father killed in the September 11 attacks in the drama Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close (2011). For the mystical epic Cloud Atlas (2012), which wove together multiple narratives, he took on six roles, ranging from a 19th-century surgeon to a postapocalyptic tribesman.", "Tom Hanks and Julia Roberts in Charlie Wilson s War (2007). \u00a9 Francois Duhamel\u2014Participant Media, LLC", "In 2013 Hanks made his Broadway debut in Lucky Guy, a play by Ephron based on the life of journalist Mike McAlary, and he captured a Tony Award nomination for his starring performance as the colourful hard-nosed newsman. Later that year he returned to the big screen with Captain Phillips, a drama based on the true story of an American cargo ship hijacked by Somali pirates in 2009, and Saving Mr. Banks, a comedy based on the efforts of Walt Disney to obtain the film rights to P.L. Travers\u2019s novel Mary Poppins (1934). Hanks then portrayed lawyer James B. Donovan, who defended (1957) Soviet spy Rudolf Abel and later orchestrated his 1962 release in exchange for American pilot Francis Gary Powers, in Steven Spielberg\u2019s Cold War drama Bridge of Spies (2015).", "A Hologram for the King (2016), an adaptation of a novel by Dave Eggers, starred Hanks as a salesman who journeys to Saudi Arabia in an attempt to revive his fortunes. Also in 2016 he appeared as the title character in Sully, Clint Eastwood\u2019s drama based on the true story of a commercial airline pilot who made an emergency landing in the Hudson River. After starring in The Circle, Hanks reunited with Spielberg for The Post (both 2017), about publication of the Pentagon Papers. In the drama, he portrayed Ben Bradlee, executive editor of The Washington Post.", "In addition to his acting, Hanks wrote and directed the comedy That Thing You Do! (1996), about a fictional 1960s rock band. He later cowrote, directed, and starred opposite Julia Roberts in the romance Larry Crowne (2011), playing an unemployed man who enrolls in community college. Hanks also produced a number of films and such television miniseries as From the Earth to the Moon (1998), which documents the Apollo space program, and the World War II dramas Band of Brothers (2001) and The Pacific (2010). In 2009 he narrated Beyond All Boundaries, a documentary about World War II that used animation, archival footage, and sensory effects, including shaking seats; the 35-minute film was produced for the National World War II Museum in New Orleans. He also wrote the short-story collection Uncommon Type (2017).", "Hanks was the recipient of numerous acting awards. In addition, he received a Kennedy Center Honor in 2014 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016.", "Steven Spielberg: The 1990s", "Tom Hanks portrayed Captain John Miller, who leads the mission, and the strong cast also includes Matt Damon in the title role, along with Tom Sizemore, Edward Burns, Barry Pepper, Adam Goldberg, Giovanni Ribisi, Ted Danson, and Vin Diesel. Saving Private Ryan was nominated for\u2026", "\u2026intellectually disabled man (played by Tom Hanks) in an unlikely fable that earned critical praise, large audiences, and six Academy Awards, including best picture.\u2026", "drama Philadelphia (1993) starred Tom Hanks in an Oscar-winning turn as a homosexual lawyer fired after being diagnosed with AIDS. Beloved (1998), an adaptation of Toni Morrison\u2019s novel, featured Oprah Winfrey as a former slave haunted by her past misdeeds. Rachel Getting Married (2008) follows a young woman (Anne\u2026", "California State University, extensive system of public institutions of higher education in California, U.S., one of the largest such systems in the country. It has campuses at Bakersfield, Channel Islands (at Camarillo), Chico, Dominguez Hills (at Carson), East Bay, Fresno, Fullerton, Long Beach, Los Angeles, Monterey Bay (at Seaside), Northridge,\u2026", "Cleveland, city, seat (1810) of Cuyahoga county, northeastern Ohio, U.S. It is a major St. Lawrence Seaway port on the southern shore of Lake Erie, at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River. Greater Cleveland sprawls along the lake for about 100 miles (160 km) and runs more than 40 miles\u2026", "More About Tom Hanks", "\u201cForrest Gump\u201d", "In Forrest Gump", "In Jonathan Demme", "In Steven Spielberg: The 1990s", "Turner Classic Movies - Biography of Tom Hanks", "AllMovie - Biography of Tom Hanks", "Los Angeles Times Hollywood Star Walk - Tom Hanks", "Tom Hanks - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)", "\u201cThe Bonfire of the Vanities\u201d", "Sam Rockwell - Facts" ] }, { "url": "https://www.listchallenges.com/complete-list-of-tom-hanks-movies", "title": "Complete List of Tom Hanks Movies", "content": [ "Complete List of Tom Hanks Movies", "A complete list of films Tom Hanks has either appeared in or has helped produce, please select the ones you have seen. (Updated October 2019.)", "made by Stacey.mcculloch91", "Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon (2005)" ] }, { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/Forrest-Gump", "title": "Forrest Gump Plot Cast Awards Facts Britannica", "content": [ "film by Zemeckis [1994]", "Forrest Gump, American film, released in 1994, that chronicled 30 years (from the 1950s through the early 1980s) of the life of a intellectually disabled man (played by Tom Hanks) in an unlikely fable that earned critical praise, large audiences, and six Academy Awards, including best picture.", "The film opens with Forrest Gump (Hanks) sitting on a bench in Savannah, Georgia, and narrating his life story to various strangers who sit next to him. The plot unfolds in a series of flashbacks. As a child, Forrest (played by Michael Conner Humphreys) lives with his single mother (Sally Field) in Greenbow, Alabama. He has an IQ of 75 and wears braces on his legs, but his mother has raised him to believe that he is no different from anyone else. On his first day on the school bus, a little girl named Jenny (Hanna Hall) is the only child who will allow Gump to sit next to her. One day when he is being chased by bullies, his braces fall off, and he discovers that he can run swiftly. This ability gets him onto the football team in high school and earns him a scholarship to the University of Alabama in the sport. He grows up to be a simple and guileless man. Gump joins the U.S. Army and is sent to Vietnam. He becomes close to fellow recruit Bubba Blue (Mykelti Williamson), who persuades Gump that they will operate a shrimp boat together when they have been released from the service, and to his commanding officer, Lieutenant Dan (Gary Sinise). However, Bubba is killed, and Gump saves Lieutenant Dan in a battle in which Dan loses his legs and Gump is wounded. Gump is awarded the Medal of Honor. While he is recuperating, he learns to play table tennis well enough to defeat Chinese table tennis champions and become famous for his skills. After his discharge, Gump finds himself at an antiwar rally, where he encounters a bitter and alcoholic Lieutenant Dan and his beloved Jenny (Robin Wright), who is following a hippie lifestyle. Gump later returns to Alabama and buys a shrimping boat. Lieutenant Dan joins him in creating the wildly successful Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. Lieutenant Dan invests the profits in Apple Computer, and both men become wealthy. After Jenny declines his proposal of marriage, Gump spends the next three and a half years running back and forth across the country before returning home. Jenny then introduces Gump to their son (Haley Joel Osment). Gump and Jenny are married shortly before Jenny dies from what may be hepatitis C. Throughout the film, Gump becomes involved in numerous important events in American history that occur in that time period.", "Forrest Gump was based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom. Director Robert Zemeckis used computer-generated effects to insert Forrest into historical scenes, including meetings with presidents and celebrities, and used a \u201cgreatest hits\u201d sound track to evoke a sense of time and place. The movie\u2019s warm, comic spirit made it a favourite of many viewers, though others decried it as clich\u00e9-riddled. Hanks won a rare second consecutive best-actor Oscar for his portrayal of Gump. The film marked Osment\u2019s film debut and made Sinise, previously best known for his stage work, a movie star. In 2003 Sinise created the Lt. Dan Band, a cover band that performed at USO shows and at benefits for disabled veterans. The Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. chain of casual seafood restaurants, founded in 1996, was named after the fictional shrimping enterprise in the film.", "Writers: Winston Groom (novel) and Eric Roth (screenplay)", "Tom Hanks (Forrest Gump)", "Sally Field (Mrs. Gump)", "Robin Wright (Jenny)", "Mykelti Williamson (Bubba Blue)", "Gary Sinise (Lieutenant Dan)", "Haley Joel Osment (Forrest Gump, Jr.)", "Lead actor* (Tom Hanks)", "Supporting actor (Gary Sinise)", "Directing*", "Editing*", "Visual effects*", "Woody Allen: The 1980s", "\u2026form of this technique in Forrest Gump [1994]). Allen plays \u201chuman chameleon\u201d Leonard Zelig, who has an uncanny ability to appear at the most critical junctures of history in the 1920s\u2014listening to Adolf Hitler stir a crowd, watching Babe Ruth swat a home run\u2014although he himself desires only anonymity.\u2026", "\u2026Award, for the phenomenally popular Forrest Gump (1994), made him the first actor to win back-to-back best actor Oscars since Spencer Tracy.\u2026", "In Forrest Gump (1994), the title character crosses paths with several historical figures, including John F. Kennedy and Elvis Presley. Rather than hire actors to portray these famous individuals, Zemeckis grafted footage of actor Tom Hanks into archival news clips. The resulting film earned Zemeckis the\u2026", "Academy Award, any of a number of awards presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, located in Beverly Hills, California, U.S., to recognize achievement in the film industry. The awards were first presented in 1929, and winners receive\u2026", "Savannah, industrial seaport city, seat (1777) of Chatham county, southeastern Georgia, U.S., at the mouth of the Savannah River. Savannah was established in 1733 by James Edward Oglethorpe, the founder of Georgia, who named it for the river. The city was planned around a system of squares, which have been\u2026", "More About Forrest Gump", "association with \u201cZelig\u201d", "In Woody Allen: The 1980s", "In Robert Zemeckis", "role of Hanks", "In Tom Hanks", "Brett Kavanaugh, associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 2018. Kavanaugh was the only child\u2026" ] } ], "selected_contents": [ [ false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ] ] }, "timestamp": 1616078453 } ], "start_timestamp": 1616077410 }, "3847": { "apprentice_persona": "I live in Mesa, Arizona.\nI just bought my first home.\na bungalow close to the city", "dialog_history": [ { "action": "Wizard => SearchAgent", "text": "arizona", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077353 }, { "action": "SearchAgent => Wizard", "text": "", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://az.gov/", "title": "Arizona", "content": [ "Playing Indoors", "Tour Arizona", "The Boulder Dam was dedicated on September 30, 1935 by President Roosevelt, The Mike O Callaghan\u2013Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge was completed on October 10th 2010 Hoover Dam and Mike O Callaghan\u2013Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge Ron Kroetz 05/25/2013", "Explore our historic past, vibrant present, and promising future", "Arizona in 2017 - More People, More Jobs Arizona Small-Business Growth Among the Strongest in the Nation Steve McClanahan 07/06/2013", "Locate, manage, and grow your business in Arizona, or join our highly skilled workforce", "AHSRA & AJHSRA Rodeo Season Opener \u2013 Payson Event Center. come watch cowboys and cowgirls from all over the State of Arizona, as AHSRA and AJHSRA converge and these cowboys and cowgirls kick off their 2017-2018 season AHSRA & AJHSRA Rodeo Season Opener \u2013 Payson Event Center | September 16th - 17th, 2017 Heeteraz 09/28/2011", "Learn more about the schools, neighborhoods, and citizen resources that elevate Arizona s quality of life", "Making memories for our Arizona families is what the State Fair is about. Arizona State Fair | October 6th - 29th 2017 Stulnaz 10/31/2008", "Experience the indoor and outdoor activities our unique state has to offer", "The new Arizona State Senate Chambers were dedicated on March 7th, 1960. Arizona State Senate Chambers | March 7th Cherie Stone 03/01/2016", "Access state services, connect with your government, and stay informed", "Arizona s Governor Arizona s Governor Unknown", "Visit the official website of Governor Doug Ducey", "Office of the Arizona Governor", "AZ Lottery" ] }, { "url": "https://www.visitarizona.com/", "title": "Official Travel Tourism Website Visit Arizona", "content": [ "Snow Play in Arizona", "Hit the powdery slopes and trails of these Arizona snow areas for a hefty dose of wintertime adventure.", "Fido-Friendly Attractions and Must-Dos", "All members of the family can enjoy a trip to Arizona at these pet-friendly attractions.", "Pima Air & Space Museum, Tucson", "Fun fact: With 14 communities and parks, Arizona is home to more certified Dark Sky Places than any other U.S. state!", "Most Popular Places In Arizona", "Get Inspired By Destinations Our Travelers Love", "Explore dining, resorts, the arts, shopping amid beautiful, hike-able desert scenery.", "Vast, magnificent and inarguably beautiful, the Grand Canyon is easily Arizona\u2019s most distinguishable landmark \u2013 and a natural wonder that you simply have to see to believe.", "Discover the world\u2019s longest stalactite formations just a short hop from Tucson, Arizona.", "13,000 years of human history, plus hiking, camping, and horseback riding.", "Year-round outdoor activities, a lively historic downtown, and easy access to the Grand Canyon.", "Want to add one of the grandest landmarks in the United States to your \u201cvisited\u201d list? Visit the surreal sandstone towers in Monument Valley Navajo Tribal Park.", "Hiking, art galleries, fine dining, metaphysical and personal enrichment amongst scenic red rocks.", "by Teresa Bitler", "Shop Local in Phoenix", "by Nora Burba Trulsson", "Food for a Cause: 5 Restaurants that Give Back", "by Jessica Dunham", "Exciting Arizona Destinations", "With so many adventures ahead of you, we\u2019re here to help you go the distance.", "Measure The Miles", "Select Starting City Ajo Ash Fork Benson Bisbee Casa Grande Chandler Clifton Coolidge Cottonwood Douglas Duncan Flagstaff Florence Fredonia Gila Bend Glendale Globe Grand Canyon Lake Havasu City Holbrook Hoover Dam Kingman Mesa Miami Nogales Page Parker Payson Phoenix Prescott Safford St. Johns Scottsdale Sedona Show Low Sierra Vista Springerville Superior Tempe Tombstone Tuba City Tucson Wickenburg Wilcox Williams Winkelman Winslow Yuma to Select Destination City Ajo Ash Fork Benson Bisbee Casa Grande Chandler Clifton Coolidge Cottonwood Douglas Duncan Flagstaff Florence Fredonia Gila Bend Glendale Globe Grand Canyon Lake Havasu City Holbrook Hoover Dam Kingman Mesa Miami Nogales Page Parker Payson Phoenix Prescott Safford St. Johns Scottsdale Sedona Show Low Sierra Vista Springerville Superior Tempe Tombstone Tuba City Tucson Wickenburg Wilcox Williams Winkelman Winslow Yuma", "North Central Northern Phoenix & Central Tucson & Southern West Coast", "The center of the state and the center of it all, this region is where big things happen. You\u2019ll find some of Arizona\u2019s largest cities and South Mountain Park, the largest municipal park in the United States, here. Plus: professional sports teams and award-winning chefs.", "Mesa \u00bb", "Picacho \u00bb", "Tempe \u00bb", "Wickenburg \u00bb" ] }, { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/place/Arizona-state", "title": "Arizona Geography Facts Map History Britannica", "content": [ "state, United States", "James W. Byrkit", "Melvin E. Hecht", "Alternative Title: Grand Canyon State", "Arizona, constituent state of the United States of America. Arizona is the sixth largest state in the country in terms of area. Its population has always been predominantly urban, particularly since the mid-20th century, when urban and suburban areas began growing rapidly at the expense of the countryside. Some scholars believe that the state\u2019s name comes from a Basque phrase meaning \u201cplace of oaks,\u201d while others attribute it to a Tohono O\u2019odham (Papago) Indian phrase meaning \u201cplace of the young (or little) spring.\u201d Arizona achieved statehood on February 14, 1912, the last of the 48 conterminous United States to be admitted to the union.", "Arizona is a land of contradictions. Although widely reputed for its hot low-elevation desert covered with cacti and creosote bushes, more than half of the state lies at an elevation of at least 4,000 feet (1,200 metres) above sea level, and it possesses the largest stand of evergreen ponderosa pine trees in the world. Arizona is well known for its waterless tracts of desert, but, thanks to many large man-made lakes, it has many more miles of shoreline than its reputation might suggest. Such spectacular landforms as the Grand Canyon and the Painted Desert have become international symbols of the region\u2019s ruggedness, yet Arizona\u2019s environment is so delicate that in many ways it is more threatened by pollution than are New York City and Los Angeles. Its romantic reputation as a wild desert and a place of old-fashioned close-to-the-earth simplicity is at variance with the fact that after the 1860s the state\u2019s economy became industrial and technological long before it was pastoral or agrarian.", "Sunset at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, southern Arizona. \u00a9 Digital Vision/Getty Images", "Tucson, Ariz. Jeremy Woodhouse/Getty Images", "Arizona is located in the southwestern quadrant of the conterminous states, bordered by California to the west, Nevada to the northwest, Utah to the north, New Mexico to the east, and the Mexican state of Sonora to the south. The Colorado River forms the boundary with California and Nevada. Phoenix, situated in the south-central part of the state, is the capital and largest city. Area 113,990 square miles (295,233 square km). Population (2010) 6,392,017; (2018 est.) 7,171,646.", "Plate tectonics\u2014the shifting of large, relatively thin segments of Earth\u2019s crust\u2014and stream erosion have done the most to create Arizona\u2019s spectacular topography. Specifically, the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate came into contact and created the major tectonic forces that uplifted, wrinkled, and stretched Arizona\u2019s geologic crust, forming its mountain ranges, basins, and high plateaus. Over the course of millennia, rivers and their tributaries have carved distinctive landforms on these surfaces.", "Arizona Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "United States: The SouthwestThe Southwest. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Arizona desert landscapes. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "To Arizona\u2019s two major physiographic divisions, the Colorado Plateau and the Basin and Range Province, geologists add the Transition Zone (or Central Highlands). The northeastern two-fifths of Arizona is part of the scenic Colorado Plateau. Far less rugged than adjacent portions of the plateau in Utah, these tablelands in Arizona consist mainly of plains interrupted by steplike escarpments. Although they are labeled mesas and plateaus, their ruggedness and inaccessibility have been exaggerated. The incomparable Grand Canyon of the Colorado River provides the major exception to what has proved to be an area easily traversed. Forest-clad volcanic mountains atop the plateaus provide the state\u2019s highest points: Humphreys Peak, 12,633 feet (3,851 metres), in the San Francisco Mountains, and Baldy Mountain, 11,403 feet (3,476 metres), in the White Mountains.", "Arizona physiographic regionsPhysiographic regions of Arizona. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Colorado Plateau and Grand Canyon, northern Arizona. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Vermilion Cliffs National Monument, northern Arizona. \u00a9 Index Open", "More than 200 miles (320 km) of the southern border of the Colorado Plateau is marked by a series of giant escarpments known collectively as the Mogollon Rim. West and south of the rim, a number of streams follow narrow canyons or broad valleys south through the Transition Zone and into the Basin and Range Province. The Transition Zone bordering the plateaus comprises separated plateau blocks, rugged peaks, and isolated rolling uplands so forbidding that they remained mostly unexplored until the late 19th century. The zone marks the ecological border between the low deserts and the forested highlands; it combines elements of both with, for example, the Spanish bayonet of the Sonoran Desert growing alongside the juniper characteristic of higher elevations.", "The Basin and Range region of the southern and western third of the state contains the bulk of the population but none of the large canyons and mesas for which Arizona is famous. It consists largely of broad, open-ended basins or valleys of gentle slope. Isolated northwest-to-southeast\u2013tending mountain ranges rise like islands in the desert plain.", "Contrary to desert stereotypes, sand dunes are nearly nonexistent, and stony desert surfaces are seldom visible except in the far southwestern portion of the state. The younger soils of river floodplains provide the more-desirable soils for agriculture.", "Virtually all of Arizona lies within the Colorado River drainage system. The Gila River, with its major feeder streams\u2014the Salt and the Verde\u2014is by far the Colorado\u2019s main Arizona tributary.", "Colorado River in Marble Canyon, northeastern end of Grand Canyon National Park, northwestern Arizona. \u00a9 Gary Ladd", "Gila RiverGila River, southeastern Arizona. \u00a9 Nathan Chor/Shutterstock.com", "The Black, White, and Verde rivers are the primary perennial tributaries of the Salt River, which enters the Gila River southwest of Phoenix. Only during the infrequent\u2014and occasionally devastating\u2014flood periods does runoff water advance downstream past the numerous dams built on the Salt\u2019s system. The Gila River rises in that part of the Mogollon Rim located in western New Mexico, and it includes another and smaller Mogollon Rim tributary, the San Francisco River. Two intermittent southern Arizona streams, the Santa Cruz and San Pedro rivers, flow northward into the Gila, while two other intermittent streams, the Agua Fria and Hassayampa rivers, drain central Arizona southward into the Gila. Dams and irrigation systems, except on rare occasions, leave the Gila River dry for most of its length.", "The Little Colorado River\u2014which drains the Mogollon Rim\u2019s lee side and flows from southeast to northwest into the Colorado River between Marble Canyon and the Grand Canyon\u2014draws and transports little water from its large watershed. Because of the rain shadow effect on the Mogollon Rim\u2019s lee side, the Little Colorado usually is no more than a trickle and often is dry. Several other small and intermittent streams, such as the Bill Williams River, drain a large but arid part of western Arizona.", "About half of Arizona is semiarid, one-third is arid, and the remainder is humid. The Basin and Range region has the arid and semiarid subtropical climate that attracts most winter visitors and new residents. January days in Phoenix receive more than four-fifths of the possible sunshine and have a mean maximum temperature of 65 \u00b0F (18 \u00b0C). Occasional light frosts occur at most locations in the Basin and Range region in winter, and some precipitation interrupts the exceedingly dry springs and mildly dry falls. Daily maximum readings average 106 \u00b0F (41 \u00b0C) in Phoenix in July, and nighttime temperatures drop to an average of 81 \u00b0F (27 \u00b0C).", "Snow in Monument Valley Navajo Tribal Park, Arizona. Robert Glusic/Getty Images", "Moisture-laden air from the Gulf of California and the eastern Pacific Ocean appears in July, bringing more than two months of irregular but sometimes heavy thundershowers that are locally referred to as the \u201csummer monsoon.\u201d Phoenix and Tucson receive about 1 inch (25 mm) of precipitation in July and about 3 inches (75 mm) total throughout the summer months. Winter rains come from the Pacific.", "The Colorado Plateau has cool to cold winters and a semiarid climate. Average mile-high elevations and direct exposure to polar air masses can produce January mean high and low temperatures as divergent as the 46 \u00b0F (8 \u00b0C) and 19 \u00b0F (\u2212 7 \u00b0C), respectively, in Winslow. Year-round temperatures in Flagstaff are generally 30 \u00b0F (17 \u00b0C) cooler than those of Phoenix. Most of the region receives from 10 to 15 inches (250 to 375 mm) of precipitation annually, with the Mogollon Rim and White Mountains receiving the state\u2019s largest average, 25 inches (625 mm).", "Because of the great diversity of relief within the Transition Zone, climatic conditions there vary widely over small areas. Much of Arizona\u2019s humid area lies in this zone and in the adjacent high southern edge of the Colorado Plateau. There, perennial streams flowing through shaded riparian corridors contribute to atmospheric moisture, resulting in temperatures that are several degrees cooler than those of the nearby deserts.", "Considering the variety in relief and climate, it is not surprising to find similar diversity in the state\u2019s vegetation. About one-tenth of Arizona is forested, one-fourth is woodland, one-fourth is grassland, and the rest is desert shrub. Elevations above 6,000 to 7,000 feet (1,800 to 2,100 metres) host forests of ponderosa pine, topped in the highest areas by Douglas and other firs, spruces, and aspen. From 4,500 to 7,500 feet (1,375 to 2,300 metres) in the northern half of the state, pi\u00f1on pine and juniper predominate, while evergreen oak and chaparral grow between 4,000 and 6,000 feet (1,400 and 1,800 metres) in the central mountains. Plains grasses cover about one-third of the Colorado Plateau, and Sonoran or desert grass carpets the higher elevations of the basins. Mesquite trees have invaded many former grasslands in the south. Cacti grow throughout the state, with the greatest variety below 2,000 feet (600 metres). Foothills in the Tucson-Phoenix area carry giant saguaro cacti of the Sonoran Desert, matched in areas of the northwest Basin and Range by dramatic stands of Joshua trees. Shrubs dominate the lowest portions of all areas: big sagebrush and saltbush in the Colorado Plateau, creosote bush in the Basin and Range.", "Saguaros (Carnegiea gigantea) in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, southwestern Arizona, U.S. \u00a9 Corbis", "Adaptation of desert plants to harsh conditions. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Plant life in the Sonoran Desert, Saguaro National Park, southern Arizona, U.S. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Animal life is even more varied, with representatives of the Rocky Mountain, Great Plains, and Mexican ecological communities. Important larger mammals are black bears, deer, desert bighorns, antelope, and wapiti (elk). The tropical coatimundi, a raccoonlike mammal, has spread northward into Arizona, while the javelina, or peccary (wild pig), is a favourite game animal in the south. Among the several cats, the bobcat and the mountain lion (puma) are most characteristic of Arizona. Coyotes, skunks, and porcupines abound, as do cottontails, jackrabbits, and several varieties of foxes. The state\u2019s southern border area lies along a major flyway and is rich in birdlife, which attracts thousands of watchers. Game birds include turkeys and a variety of quails, doves, and waterfowl. Among native fish are the Arizona trout and the Colorado squawfish. Venomous animals include rattlesnakes, scorpions, and Gila monsters.", "coatimundiWhite-nosed coatimundi, Tucson Mountain Park, Arizona. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) on their nest protected within the prickly branches of a cactus in the Sonoran Desert, Arizona, U.S. \u00a9 C.K. Lorenz, The National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers", "Arizona mountain kingsnakeA small Arizona mountain kingsnake coiled on a large rock. \u00a9 Rusty Dodson/Shutterstock.com", "The indigenous peoples of Arizona are renowned for their rich cultural diversity. However, since the 19th century, the urbanized segments of the state have been cultural outposts that have more obviously reflected tastes, fashions, speech, religious preferences, political attitudes, and life-styles that have come from such diverse localities as Chicago, New York City, Washington, D.C., San Francisco, and Los Angeles.", "Until the latter half of the 19th century, except for very small and scattered groups of indigenous peoples, almost all of central and northern Arizona remained uninhabited. Most of the Spanish occupation of the state was tentative at best and, owing to the constant danger posed by actively hostile Apache bands, remained confined to a few intermittently occupied missions, presidios, and ranches in the Santa Cruz valley, south of Tucson.", "At the time of Arizona\u2019s acquisition (as part of New Mexico; see Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo) by the United States in 1848, fewer than 1,000 people of Hispanic origin lived in Arizona. Not until the 20th century did the number of Hispanic residents in Arizona soar. Today most are Mexicans or descendants of Mexicans who have arrived since 1900. Relations between Mexican Americans and Anglos (a term used by Hispanics for English-speaking whites) have at times been strained in Arizona, but in general the two ethnic groups have a history of cordiality that has often been absent in other border states. While some communities have Mexican barrios (ethnic quarters, often characterized by severe poverty), most Mexican Americans in Arizona live in a variety of neighbourhoods and participate fully in the state\u2019s business, political, and social life. Intermarriage with Anglos is common. Although Mexican food, building styles, home furnishings, clothing, social customs, and music have been incorporated into the Arizona lifestyle and are widely shared by longtime residents, the great majority of people (most of whom are relative newcomers to the state from other parts of the country) have been affected by Mexican culture in only a superficial way. If anything, the Mexican American population has been attracted to mainstream American culture.", "Although the Native American peoples of Arizona, since the time of the Spanish conquistadores, have been subjugated, badly exploited, and abused\u2014much as they were elsewhere\u2014this did not cause the total annihilation or permanent displacement of their population. The culture of Native Americans is very much in evidence in Arizona, although they constitute less than one-tenth of the total population. Native Americans are grouped into 15 tribes on 17 reservations that range in size from the 85-acre (34-hectare) Tonto Apache reserve to the 23,400-square-mile (60,600-square-km) reserve (nearly three-fifths of which lies in Arizona) of the Navajo. The latter tribe, numbering about 100,000 in Arizona, is deeply involved in directing the development of its land and people, and the tribal government assumes complete responsibility in many areas of Navajo social and economic life. Among the remaining tribes the best known are the legendary Apache and the much-studied Hopi. The Tohono O\u2019odham and the Akimel O\u2019odham (Pima) peoples have also received much attention in the anthropological and historical literature. Less well known are the Havasupai, who live at the bottom of the Grand Canyon, the Hualapai, the Yaqui, and the Yavapai. (For more information on the Havasupai, Hualapai, and Yavapai, see Yuman.)", "Navajo Indian Reservation, Arizona, U.S. David McNew/Getty Images", "Arizona\u2019s African American population constitutes only a small proportion of the state\u2019s total. Most of Arizona\u2019s cities and towns include predominantly African American neighbourhoods, the result of de facto housing segregation. The state voluntarily desegregated its schools in the early 1940s. Asians and Pacific Islanders are growing in numbers but still constitute the smallest minorities in the state.", "Despite Arizona\u2019s romantic image as a land of picturesque ghost towns and mining camps, isolated ranches, Native American reservations, and bucolic cotton and citrus farms, virtually all of its population is concentrated in urban areas. Three-fifths of the state\u2019s people live in just one of the state\u2019s 15 counties\u2014Maricopa, where Phoenix is located. Of the 15 counties, 6 collectively contain four-fifths of the state\u2019s population. Only a small number of people live on farms and ranches. Most towns and cities have low population densities.", "Phoenix, ArizonaPhoenix, Arizona. \u00a9 welcomia/Shutterstock.com", "Buildings of adobe can be seen in the older inhabited areas of southern Arizona, while Flagstaff and Prescott\u2014northern Arizona cities settled by New Englanders in the 1860s and \u201970s\u2014have Victorian-style houses that reflect the traditions and preferences of their first inhabitants.", "Prescott, Ariz., c. 1866. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.", "Phoenix is the primary trade centre of the state. Its central location, extensive agricultural economy, and attractive vacation and retirement amenities have caused it to become one of the largest and fastest-growing urban areas in the Southwest. Tucson, while older and smaller, has acted as a doorway to Mexico and maintains well-developed commercial and medical ties with Sonora and other northern states of Mexico. Since 1970, its population growth rate has rivaled that of Phoenix.", "Downtown Phoenix, Ariz. Adalberto Rios Lanz/Sexto Sol/Getty Images", "Tucson, ArizonaDowntown Tucson, Arizona, U.S. \u00a9 Kobby Dagan/Shutterstock.com", "In the early 21st century Arizona\u2019s population experienced dramatic growth at almost three times the national rate. Just over a quarter of the population was under age 18. Some of the new residents, as in the past, were \u201csnowbirds,\u201d retirees who spend the winter in the comparatively warm desert and return to other domiciles when the weather turns hot. So-called \u201cwhite flight\u201d from California and out-migration from declining industrial areas in the Midwestern and Eastern United States accounted for many arrivals of working age. Still other newcomers were lured by opportunities in the metropolitan areas, whose economies were beginning to mature to include desirable high-paying jobs. An untold number arrived illegally, most from Mexico and Central America, and filled the ranks of the state\u2019s low-paid service and agricultural sectors. The overall population was projected to reach 10 million by the year 2027.", "Before World War II the focus of Arizona\u2019s economy was primary production\u2014mineral extraction, lumbering, cattle raising, and crop growing. Since the late 1940s the focus has shifted toward manufacturing industry and services, the economy becoming one that better represents the country\u2019s growing affluence and technology. This is especially true of the Phoenix area, where a vibrant high-technology economy has arisen.", "Biosphere 2Biosphere 2, located in Oracle, Arizona, U.S., shown in 2008. The facility was originally developed to study survivability and assess whether humans were capable of building and living in self-sustaining colonies in outer space. It was later used as a scientific research facility. Carol M. Highsmith s America/Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (LC-DIG-highsm-04715)", "Good soil, plenty of irrigation water, and a long growing season enable Arizona to produce cotton, alfalfa, and a variety of grains, vegetables, fruits, and nuts. Arizona continues to be one of the country\u2019s leading cotton producers. For many years citrus growing has remained an important and expanding part of the state\u2019s economy, and, more recently, wine producers have been successful growing a number of varietal grapes. Livestock products include beef, dairy goods, and poultry and eggs. The average size of farms in Arizona is larger than that in any other state, and farmers and ranchers use more than four-fifths of the state\u2019s water.", "Cotton field near Coolidge, Ariz. \u00a9 Richard Cummins/Corbis", "Metallic ores such as copper, zinc, and, to a modest degree, silver and gold traditionally have brought revenue to the state. Coal from the Black Mesa area of the Native American reservations in northeastern Arizona is important, since coal-fired stations generate much of the electricity for the southwestern United States; the northeastern area also produces a small amount of petroleum, as well as large quantities of uranium.", "Since the 1880s, northern Arizona\u2019s massive stands of ponderosa pine have supplied a strong lumber and pulp-paper industry in the state. Rich alluvial soils, particularly in Yuma, Pinal, Pima, and Maricopa counties, have supported large and profitable agricultural operations. The state\u2019s attractive climate and landscape can also be counted among its most valuable resources.", "The natural geographic corridor created by the Colorado Plateau together with its Mogollon Rim escarpment has made possible Arizona\u2019s irrigation projects and most of the state\u2019s hydroelectric power, including that generated by the Roosevelt, Hoover, and Glen Canyon dams. Altogether, nearly a dozen dams control the Mogollon Rim\u2019s runoff, impounding and diverting the water to provide flood control and lakes for water storage. This hydrologic pattern has been a source of much political and legal trouble for Arizona, including years of litigation with California over rights to water from the Colorado River system. The state\u2019s internal sharing of water is also a major problem because groundwater has been depleted, particularly around Phoenix and Tucson, and there are no new sources of surface water. Cities have found it necessary to buy water rights from distant areas, and litigation involving municipalities, Native American tribes, and federal agencies over water rights is increasingly common.", "Hoover DamThe Hoover Dam on the Colorado River, Arizona-Nevada border, U.S. \u00a9 Ron Gatepain", "Glen Canyon DamGlen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River, near Page, Arizona, U.S. AdstockRF", "Between 1880 and 1950 the production of copper remained by far the most important industry in Arizona. Arizona is still the leading copper-producing state in the country, but manufacturing has grown to become the state\u2019s most important basic industry, notably in electronics, communications, aeronautics, and aluminum. Although this growth has brought one of the most dynamic and affluent economies in the nation, many of Arizona\u2019s outlying counties, particularly those with large Native American populations, remain among the poorest areas in the country.", "copper mineCopper mine near Tucson, Arizona. \u00a9 GalinaSt/Fotolia", "Tourism and retirement", "Urban and industrial expansion have so polluted major areas of Arizona that it no longer serves as the refuge it once did for sick people seeking pure air. The climate, scenery, and casual lifestyle, however, still attract millions of visitors each year, and the state has become a popular retirement centre, particularly in the lower desert areas. Large retirement communities such as Sun City, near Phoenix, and Green Valley, near Tucson, have continued to grow.", "Like other western states, Arizona has not emphasized the development of mass transit systems, and state and municipal governments struggle to build sufficient roads to accommodate a swelling population. It has long been so. The state\u2019s earliest service industry was long-distance cartage over rough desert and mountain country; in modern times, the five interstate highways that pass through Arizona are crowded with heavy trucks. These highways generally follow historic roads, most of which were established along Native American trade routes and accommodated stagecoaches and freight carriers. The railroads followed in the later 19th century, with well-established east-west routes passing through southern and northern Arizona, but there was little service to the rugged interior. A greater focus on mass transit development was evident in the state\u2019s larger cities in the early 21st century. A light-rail system that served Phoenix and the surrounding areas began operating in 2008, and Tucson launched a streetcar service in 2014.", "Highways winding through Salt River Canyon, Arizona. Herb and Dorothy McLaughlin", "Phoenix, Arizona: light-rail trainLight-rail train in Phoenix, Arizona. \u00a9 You Touch Pix of EuToch/Shutterstock.com", "Surface transportation is generally organized on the model of southern California, with streets on a grid pattern punctuated by freeways and highways. Within the cities some attention has been given to the development of bicycle paths. Phoenix\u2019s Sky Harbor International Airport offers nonstop international and domestic flights; Tucson International Airport provides more-limited nonstop flights; and Flagstaff and Yuma airports have fewer still. Many other towns have airports capable of accommodating small jet aircraft, and there are numerous military airfields as well.", "Phoenix, Arizona: freewayFreeway in Phoenix, Arizona. \u00a9 Andrew Zarivny/Shutterstock.com", "Next page Government and society", "United States: The Barack Obama administration", "\u2026constitutionality of the provision of Arizona\u2019s controversial 2010 immigration law that required police to check the legal status of anyone they stop for another law enforcement concern if they reasonably suspect that person to be in the United States illegally; however, the court struck down three of the law\u2019s provisions,\u2026", "Native American: Reorganization", "\u2026to this trend occurred in Arizona and New Mexico, which withheld enfranchisement until 1948 and granted it only after a lengthy lawsuit.\u2026", "\u2026in the present-day states of Arizona and New Mexico.\u2026", "same-sex marriage: United States", "\u2026Proposition 8 were approved in Arizona and Florida in 2008 and in North Carolina in 2012.\u2026", "In flag of Arizona", "In United States: The Barack Obama administration", "In United States Presidential Election of 2008: February 5: Super Tuesday", "In same-sex marriage: United States", "In Arizona: History", "In gas chamber", "Native American history and suffrage", "In Native American: Reorganization", "In Arizona: Land", "In Southwest", "Maps of World - Arizona, United States", "CRW Flags - Flag of Arizona, United States", "Smithsonian Channel - How Was the Grand Canyon Formed?", "National Weather Service - The Monsoon", "Official Site of the State of Arizona, United States", "NETSTATE - Arizona, United States", "Arizona - Children s Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11)", "Arizona - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)", "flag of Arizona", "Seal of Arizona", "Arizona s state bird is the cactus wren.", "The blossom of the saguaro cactus is Arizona s state flower.", "Doug Ducey (Republican)", "Grand Canyon State", "Ditat Deus (God Enriches)", "Coues\u2019 cactus wren", "Martha McSally (Republican)", "Kyrsten Sinema (Democrat)", "Seats in U.S. House of Representatives", "Mountain (GMT \u2212 7 hours)", "1Excluding military abroad.", "Stewart Lee Udall", "Morris King (\u201cMo\u201d) Udall", "Carl T. Hayden", "Walpi", "List of U.S. states dates of admission to the union", "List of cities and towns in the United States", "Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District", "Statehood and growth", "Development of commercial agriculture", "Population influx" ] }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/state/az/index.htm", "title": "Arizona U S National Park Service", "content": [ "Alerts & Conditions \u00bb", "Basic Information \u00bb", "Explore the mystery and complexity of an extended network of communities and irrigation canals. An Ancient Sonoran Desert People s farming community and Great House are preserved at Casa Grande Ruins. Whether the Casa Grande was a gathering place for the Desert People or simply a waypoint marker in an extensive system of canals and trading partners is but part of the mystique of the Ruins", "National Memorial", "It was a journey of conquest filled with exploration, wonder - and cruelty. Inspired by tales of vast cities of gold, 339 European soldiers and hundreds of Aztec allies embarked on an epic journey through arid deserts and rugged mountains. They encountered rich traditions and brought new technologies. The resulting collision and combination of cultures reverberates today.", "Fort Bowie witnessed almost 25 years of conflict between the Chiricahua Apache and the US Army, and remains a tangible connection to the turbulent era of the late 1800s. Explore the history of Fort Bowie and Apache Pass as you hike the 1.5 mile trail to the visitor center and old fort ruins. Today, this peaceful landscape stands in stark contrast to the violence that once gripped this land.", "Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, AZ,UT", "Encompassing over 1.25 million acres, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area offers unparalleled opportunities for water-based & backcountry recreation. The recreation area stretches for hundreds of miles from Lees Ferry in Arizona to the Orange Cliffs of southern Utah, encompassing scenic vistas, geologic wonders, and a vast panorama of human history.", "Unique combinations of geologic color and erosional forms decorate a canyon that is 277 river miles (446km) long, up to 18 miles (29km) wide, and a mile (1.6km) deep. Grand Canyon overwhelms our senses through its immense size. South Rim is open all year. North Rim is closed for the winter. 2019 is the Centennial of Grand Canyon National Park.", "The squeaky wooden floor greets your entry into the oldest operating trading post on the Navajo Nation. When your eyes adjust to the dim light in the bullpen you find you\u2019ve just entered a mercantile. Hubbell Trading Post has been serving Ganado selling goods and Native American Art since 1878. Discover Hubbell Trading Post NHS, where history is made every day!", "Nogales, AZ to San Francisco, CA, AZ,CA", "\u00a1Vayan Subiendo! ( Everyone mount up! ) was the rousing call from Juan Bautista de Anza. In 1775-76, he led some 240 men, women, and children on an epic journey to establish the first non-Native settlement at San Francisco Bay. Today, the 1,200-mile Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail connects history, culture, and outdoor recreation from Nogales, Arizona, to the San Francisco Bay Area.", "the Mojave Desert, AZ,NV", "Boat, hike, cycle, camp and fish at America\u2019s most diverse national recreation area. With striking landscapes and brilliant blue waters, this year-round playground spreads across 1.5 million acres of mountains, canyons, valleys and two vast lakes. See the Hoover Dam from the waters of Lake Mead or Lake Mohave, or find solitude in one of the park s nine wilderness areas.", "Black Mesa, AZ", "The Puebloan Ancestors built Tsegi Phase villages within the natural sandstone alcoves of our canyons. Betatakin, Keet Seel, and Inscription House are the three cliff dwelling sites that are tucked away in the alcoves. These villages, which date from AD 1250 to 1300, thrill all who visit with original architectural elements such as masonry walls, roof beams, and pictographs.", "AZ,CA,CO,NV,NM,UT", "Follow the routes of mule pack trains across the Southwest on the Old Spanish National Historic Trail between Santa Fe, New Mexico, and Los Angeles, California. New Mexican traders moved locally produced merchandise across what are now six states to exchange for mules and horses.", "Look closely. Look again. The sights and sounds of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, an International Biosphere Reserve, reveal a thriving community of plants and animals. Human stories echo throughout this desert preserve, chronicling thousands of years of desert living. A scenic drive, wilderness hike or a night of camping will expose you to a living desert that thrives.", "Take a lonely and rocky two-track road in a 4x4 to the edge of the Grand Wash Cliffs. Find a stunning solitary vista deep into the Grand Canyon. Relax in the shade of ponderosas at Mt. Trumbull. Touch ancient waters at Pakoon Springs in one of the driest places in the world. Parashant is remote. There are no crowds here. Be equipped to leave pavement, cell service, and the 21st century behind.", "Did you know that Petrified Forest is more spectacular than ever? While the park has all the wonders known for a century, there are many new adventures and discoveries to share. There are backcountry hikes into areas never open before such as Red Basin and little known areas like the Martha s Butte. There are new exhibits that bring the stories to life. Come rediscover Petrified Forest!", "Current Conditions \u00bb", "Beneath vermilion cliffs, American Indians, Mormon ranchers, plants, animals, and many others have depended on the life-giving water found at the desert oasis at Pipe Spring. Learn about settler and Kaibab Paiute life by exploring the museum, historic fort and cabins, garden, and Ridge Trail. Visit with rangers and ranch animals, and attend living history demonstrations and talks.", "Sunset Crater Volcano", "The cinder cone volcano s rim is the dusky red of sunset, but the crater is only part of the story. Around 1085 the ground began to shake, and lava spewed high into the air. When the eruption finished, it had changed both the landscape and the people who lived here. Today, it teaches how nature and humankind affect each other\u2014and how rebirth and renewal happen in the wake of disaster.", "Tumac\u00e1cori", "Tumac\u00e1cori, AZ", "Tumac\u00e1cori sits at a cultural crossroads in the Santa Cruz River valley. Here O\u2019odham, Yaqui, and Apache people met and mingled with European Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries, settlers, and soldiers, sometimes in conflict and sometimes in cooperation. Follow the timeworn paths and discover stories that connect us to enduring relationships, vibrant cultures, and traditions of long ago.", "Crowning a desert hilltop is an ancient pueblo. A child scans the desert landscape for the arrival of traders. What riches will they bring? What stories will they tell? From the rooftop of the Tuzigoot pueblo it is easy to imagine such a moment. The pueblo shows us this ancient village built by the Sinagua people. They were farmers and artists with trade connections that spanned hundreds of miles.", "Come gaze across curved canyon walls! Among the remarkable geological formations of the canyon itself, the former homes of ancient inhabitants are easily evident. Along the trails you can imagine life within Walnut Canyon, while visiting actual pueblos and walking in the steps of those who came before.", "13,321,857 Visitors to National Parks", "$1,114,700,000 Economic Benefit from National Park Tourism \u00bb", "$64,635,613 of Land & Water Conservation Fund Appropriated for Projects (since 1965) \u00bb", "$31,115,406 in Historic Preservation Grants (since 1969) \u00bb", "30 Certified Local Governments \u00bb", "81 Community Conservation & Recreation Projects (since 1987) \u00bb", "866 Acres Transferred by Federal Lands to Parks for Local Parks and Recreation (since 1948) \u00bb", "204,886 Hours Donated by Volunteers \u00bb", "1 National Heritage Area \u00bb", "2 National Trails Managed by NPS \u00bb", "1,463 National Register of Historic Places Listings \u00bb", "46 National Historic Landmarks \u00bb", "10 National Natural Landmarks \u00bb", "1 World Heritage Site \u00bb", "608 Places Recorded by Heritage Documentation Programs \u00bb", "10,836,520 Objects in National Park Museum Collections \u00bb", "12,607 Archeological Sites in National Parks \u00bb", "22 Threatened & Endangered Species in National Parks \u00bb", "3 Teaching with Historic Places Lesson Plans \u00bb", "9 Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itineraries \u00bb", "Print the summary \u00bb", "These numbers are just a sample of the National Park Service s work. Figures are for the fiscal year that ended 9/30/2017.", "Get Your America the Beautiful Pass!" ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona", "title": "Arizona Wikipedia", "content": [ "This article is about the U.S. state of Arizona. For other uses, see Arizona (disambiguation).", "The Grand Canyon State;", "The Copper State;", "The Valentine State", "Motto(s): Ditat Deus (God enriches)", "State song(s): The Arizona March Song and Arizona", "Spanish 19.5%", "Navajo 1.9%", "Arizonan[1]", "113,990[2] sq mi", "31\u00b0 20\u2032 N to 37\u00b0 N", "109\u00b0\u200a03\u2032 W to 114\u00b0 49\u2032 W", "Ranked 33rd", "$52,248 [3] (33rd)", "Humphreys Peak[4][5][6]", "Colorado River at the Sonora border[5][6]", "February 14, 1912 (48th)", "Doug Ducey (R)", "Katie Hobbs (D)", "4 Republicans (list)", "Mountain: UTC \u22127 (no DST)", "Mountain: UTC \u22127/\u22126", "US-AZ", "AZ, Ariz.", "www.az.gov", "The Flag of Arizona", "The Seal of Arizona", "Arizona tree frog", "Arizona ridge-nosed rattlesnake", "Blue, old gold", "Colt Single Action Army revolver", "Saguaro cactus flowers and buds after a wet winter. This is Arizona s official state flower.", "Arizona (/\u02cc\u00e6r\u026a\u02c8zo\u028an\u0259/ ( listen); Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation: [x\u00f2\u02d0zt\u00f2 x\u0251\u0300x\u00f2\u02d0ts\u00f2]; O odham: Al\u012d \u1e63onak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [\u02e1a\u027ai \u02e1\u0282onak]) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states. It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona, one of the Four Corners states, is bordered by New Mexico to the east, Utah to the north, Nevada and California to the west, and Mexico to the south, as well as the southwestern corner of Colorado. Arizona s border with Mexico is 389 miles (626 km) long, on the northern border of the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California.", "Arizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union, achieving statehood on February 14, 1912, coinciding with Valentine s Day. Historically part of the territory of Alta California in New Spain, it became part of independent Mexico in 1821. After being defeated in the Mexican\u2013American War, Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848. The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase.", "Southern Arizona is known for its desert climate, with very hot summers and mild winters. Northern Arizona features forests of pine, Douglas fir, and spruce trees; the Colorado Plateau; some mountain ranges (such as the San Francisco Mountains); as well as large, deep canyons, with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff, Alpine, and Tucson. In addition to the Grand Canyon National Park, there are several national forests, national parks, and national monuments.", "About one-quarter of the state[7] is made up of Indian reservations that serve as the home of 27 federally recognized Native American tribes, including the Navajo Nation, the largest in the state and the United States, with more than 300,000 citizens. Although federal law gave all Native Americans the right to vote in 1924, Arizona excluded those living on reservations in the state from voting until the state Supreme Court ruled in favor of Native American plaintiffs in Trujillo v. Garley (1948).[8][9]", "3 Geography and geology", "3.1 Earthquakes", "3.2 Adjacent states", "5.1 Race and ethnicity", "5.3 Cities and towns", "6.2 Largest employers", "7.1.1 Interstate highways", "7.1.2 U.S. routes", "7.2 Public transportation, Amtrak, and intercity bus", "7.3 Aviation", "8.1 Capitol complex", "8.2 State legislative branch", "8.3 State executive branch", "8.4 State judicial branch", "8.6 Federal representation", "8.8 Same-sex marriage and Civil unions", "9.1 Elementary and secondary education", "9.3 Public universities in Arizona", "9.4 Private colleges and universities in Arizona", "9.5 Community colleges", "10 Art and culture", "10.1 Visual arts and museums", "10.2 Film", "10.4.1 College sports", "11.1 Notable people", "11.2 State symbols", "The state s name appears to originate from an earlier Spanish name, Arizonac, derived from the O odham name al\u012d \u1e63onak, meaning small spring , which initially applied only to an area near the silver mining camp of Planchas de Plata, Sonora.[10][11][12][13] To the European settlers, their pronunciation sounded like Arissona .[14] The area is still known as al\u012d \u1e63onak in the O odham language.[15] Another possible origin is the Basque phrase haritz ona ( the good oak ), as there were numerous Basque sheepherders in the area.[16][17][18]", "There is a misconception that the state s name originated from the Spanish term \u00c1rida Zona ( Arid Zone ).[14]", "Find sources: Arizona \u2013 news \u00b7 newspapers \u00b7 books \u00b7 scholar \u00b7 JSTOR (February 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)", "Main article: History of Arizona", "The North Rim of the Grand Canyon", "The South Rim of the Grand Canyon", "For thousands of years before the modern era, Arizona was home to numerous Native American tribes. Hohokam, Mogollon and Ancestral Puebloan cultures were among the many that flourished throughout the state. Many of their pueblos, cliffside dwellings, rock paintings and other prehistoric treasures have survived, attracting thousands of tourists each year.", "La conquista del Colorado, by Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau, depicts Francisco V\u00e1zquez de Coronado s 1540\u20131542 expedition", "The first European contact by native peoples was with Marcos de Niza, a Spanish Franciscan, in 1539. He explored parts of the present state and made contact with native inhabitants, probably the Sobaipuri. The expedition of Spanish explorer Coronado entered the area in 1540\u20131542 during its search for C\u00edbola. Few Spanish settlers migrated to Arizona. One of the first settlers in Arizona was Jos\u00e9 Romo de Vivar.[19]", "Father Kino was the next European in the region. A member of the Society of Jesus ( Jesuits ), he led the development of a chain of missions in the region. He converted many of the Indians to Christianity in the Pimer\u00eda Alta (now southern Arizona and northern Sonora) in the 1690s and early 18th century. Spain founded presidios ( fortified towns ) at Tubac in 1752 and Tucson in 1775.", "When Mexico achieved its independence from the Kingdom of Spain and its Spanish Empire in 1821, what is now Arizona became part of its Territory of Nueva California, ( New California ), also known as Alta California ( Upper California ).[20] Descendants of ethnic Spanish and mestizo settlers from the colonial years still lived in the area at the time of the arrival of later European-American migrants from the United States.", "Mexico in 1824. Alta California is the northwestern-most state.", "During the Mexican\u2013American War (1847\u20131848), the U.S. Army occupied the national capital of Mexico City and pursued its claim to much of northern Mexico, including what later became Arizona Territory in 1863 and later the State of Arizona in 1912. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) specified that, in addition to language and cultural rights of the existing inhabitants of former Mexican citizens being considered as inviolable, the sum of US$15 million dollars in compensation (equivalent to $434,365,384.62 in 2018.) be paid to the Republic of Mexico.[21] In 1853, the U.S. acquired the land south below the Gila River from Mexico in the Gadsden Purchase along the southern border area as encompassing the best future southern route for a transcontinental railway.", "What is now known as the state of Arizona was initially administered by the United States government as part of the Territory of New Mexico until the southern part of that region seceded from the Union to form the Territory of Arizona.[22] This newly established territory was formally organized by the Confederate States government on Saturday, January 18, 1862, when President Jefferson Davis approved and signed An Act to Organize the Territory of Arizona,[23] marking the first official use of the name Territory of Arizona . The Southern territory supplied the Confederate government with men, horses, and equipment. Formed in 1862, Arizona scout companies served with the Confederate States Army during the Civil War. Arizona has the westernmost military engagement on record during the Civil War with the Battle of Picacho Pass.", "Geronimo (far right) and his Apache warriors fought against both Mexican and American settlers.", "The Federal government declared a new U.S. Arizona Territory, consisting of the western half of earlier New Mexico Territory, in Washington, D.C., on February 24, 1863. These new boundaries would later form the basis of the state. The first territorial capital, Prescott, was founded in 1864 following a gold rush to central Arizona.[24] The capital was later moved to Tucson, back to Prescott, and then to its final location in Phoenix in a series of controversial moves as different regions of the territory gained and lost political influence with the growth and development of the territory.[25]", "Although names including Gadsonia, Pimeria, Montezuma and Arizuma had been considered for the territory,[26] when 16th President Abraham Lincoln signed the final bill, it read Arizona, and that name was adopted. (Montezuma was not derived from the Aztec emperor, but was the sacred name of a divine hero to the Pima people of the Gila River Valley. It was probably considered\u2014and rejected\u2014for its sentimental value before Congress settled on the name Arizona. )", "Brigham Young, patriarchal leader of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Salt Lake City in Utah, sent Mormons to Arizona in the mid- to late 19th century. They founded Mesa, Snowflake, Heber, Safford, and other towns. They also settled in the Phoenix Valley (or Valley of the Sun ), Tempe, Prescott, and other areas. The Mormons settled what became northern Arizona and northern New Mexico. At the time these areas were located in a part of the former New Mexico Territory.", "Children of Depression-era migrant workers, Pinal County, 1937", "20th century to present[edit]", "During the Mexican Revolution from 1910 to 1920, several battles were fought in the Mexican towns just across the border from Arizona settlements. Throughout the revolution, numerous Arizonans enlisted in one of the several armies fighting in Mexico. Only two significant engagements took place on U.S. soil between U.S. and Mexican forces: Pancho Villa s 1916 Columbus Raid in New Mexico, and the Battle of Ambos Nogales in 1918 in Arizona. The Americans won the latter.", "After U.S. soldiers were fired on by Mexican federal troops, the American garrison launched an assault into Nogales, Mexico. The Mexicans eventually surrendered after both sides sustained heavy casualties. A few months earlier, just west of Nogales, an Indian War battle had occurred, considered the last engagement in the American Indian Wars, which lasted from 1775 to 1918. U.S. soldiers stationed on the border confronted Yaqui Indians who were using Arizona as a base to raid the nearby Mexican settlements, as part of their wars against Mexico.", "Arizona became a U.S. state on February 14, 1912. Arizona was the 48th state admitted to the U.S. and the last of the contiguous states to be admitted.", "Eleanor Roosevelt at the Gila River relocation center, April 23, 1943", "Cotton farming and copper mining, two of Arizona s most important statewide industries, suffered heavily during the Great Depression. But during the 1920s and even the 1930s, tourism began to develop as the important Arizonan industry it is today. Dude ranches, such as the K L Bar and Remuda in Wickenburg, along with the Flying V and Tanque Verde in Tucson, gave tourists the chance to take part in the flavor and activities of the Old West. Several upscale hotels and resorts opened during this period, some of which are still top tourist draws. They include the Arizona Biltmore Hotel in central Phoenix (opened 1929) and the Wigwam Resort on the west side of the Phoenix area (opened 1936).", "Arizona was the site of German POW camps during World War II and Japanese-American internment camps. Because of wartime fears of Japanese invasion of the West Coast, the government authorized the removal of all Japanese-American residents from western Washington, western Oregon, all of California, and western Arizona. From 1942 to 1945, they were forced to reside in internment camps built in the interior of the country. Many lost their homes and businesses in the process. The camps were abolished after World War II.", "The Phoenix-area German P.O.W. site was purchased after the war by the Maytag family (of major home appliance fame). It was developed as the site of the Phoenix Zoo. A Japanese-American internment camp was located on Mount Lemmon, just outside the state s southeastern city of Tucson. Another POW camp was located near the Gila River in eastern Yuma County.", "Arizona was also home to the Phoenix Indian School, one of several federal Indian boarding schools designed to assimilate Native American children into mainstream European-American culture. Children were often enrolled into these schools against the wishes of their parents and families. Attempts to suppress native identities included forcing the children to cut their hair, to take and use English names, to speak only English, and to practice Christianity rather than their native religions.[27]", "Numerous Native Americans from Arizona fought for the United States during World War II. Their experiences resulted in a rising activism in the postwar years to achieve better treatment and civil rights after their return to the state. After Maricopa County did not allow them to register to vote, in 1948 veteran Frank Harrison and Harry Austin, of the Mojave-Apache Tribe at Fort McDowell Indian Reservation, brought a legal suit, Harrison and Austin v. Laveen, to challenge this exclusion. The Arizona Supreme Court ruled in their favor.[9]", "Arizona s population grew tremendously with residential and business development after World War II, aided by the widespread use of air conditioning, which made the intensely hot summers more comfortable. According to the Arizona Blue Book (published by the Arizona Secretary of State s office each year), the state population in 1910 was 294,353. By 1970, it was 1,752,122. The percentage growth each decade averaged about 20% in the earlier decades, and about 60% each decade thereafter.", "In the 1960s, retirement communities were developed. These were special age-restricted subdivisions catering exclusively to the needs of senior citizens; they attracted many retirees who wanted to escape the harsh winters of the Midwest and the Northeast. Sun City, established by developer Del Webb and opened in 1960, was one of the first such communities. Green Valley, south of Tucson, was another such community, designed as a retirement subdivision for Arizona s teachers. Many senior citizens from across the U.S. and Canada come to Arizona each winter and stay only during the winter months; they are referred to as snowbirds.", "In March 2000, Arizona was the site of the first legally binding election ever held over the internet to nominate a candidate for public office.[28] In the 2000 Arizona Democratic Primary, under worldwide attention, Al Gore defeated Bill Bradley. Voter turnout in this state primary increased more than 500% over the 1996 primary.", "Three ships named USS Arizona have been christened in honor of the state, although only USS Arizona (BB-39) was so named after statehood was achieved.", "Geography and geology[edit]", "Main article: Geography of Arizona", "K\u00f6ppen climate types of Arizona", "West Mitten at Monument Valley", "Blue Mesa at Petrified Forest National Park", "The San Francisco Peaks seen from Bellemont", "Sonoran Desert at Saguaro National Park", "Cathedral Rock near Red Rock Crossing in Sedona", "See also lists of counties, islands, rivers, lakes, state parks, national parks, national forests, and volcanic craters.", "Arizona is in the Southwestern United States as one of the Four Corners states. Arizona is the sixth largest state by area, ranked after New Mexico and before Nevada. Of the state s 113,998 square miles (295,000 km2), approximately 15% is privately owned. The remaining area is public forest and park land, state trust land and Native American reservations.", "Arizona is well known for its desert Basin and Range region in the state s southern portions, which is rich in a landscape of xerophyte plants such as the cactus. This region s topography was shaped by prehistoric volcanism, followed by the cooling-off and related subsidence. Its climate has exceptionally hot summers and mild winters. The state is less well known for its pine-covered north-central portion of the high country of the Colorado Plateau (see Arizona Mountains forests).", "Like other states of the Southwest United States, Arizona has an abundance of mountains and plateaus. Despite the state s aridity, 27% of Arizona is forest,[29] a percentage comparable to modern-day France or Germany[citation needed]. The world s largest stand of ponderosa pine trees is in Arizona.[30]", "The Mogollon Rim, a 1,998-foot (609 m) escarpment, cuts across the state s central section and marks the southwestern edge of the Colorado Plateau. In 2002, this was an area of the Rodeo\u2013Chediski Fire, the worst fire in state history.", "Located in northern Arizona, the Grand Canyon is a colorful, deep, steep-sided gorge, carved by the Colorado River. The canyon is one of the seven natural wonders of the world and is largely contained in the Grand Canyon National Park\u2014one of the first national parks in the United States. President Theodore Roosevelt was a major proponent of designating the Grand Canyon area as a National Park, often visiting to hunt mountain lion and enjoy the scenery. The canyon was created by the Colorado River cutting a channel over millions of years, and is about 277 miles (446 km) long, ranges in width from 4 to 18 miles (6 to 29 km) and attains a depth of more than 1 mile (1.6 km). Nearly two billion years of the Earth s history have been exposed as the Colorado River and its tributaries cut through layer after layer of sediment as the Colorado Plateau uplifted.", "Arizona is home to one of the most well-preserved meteorite impact sites in the world. Created around 50,000 years ago, the Barringer Meteorite Crater (better known simply as Meteor Crater ) is a gigantic hole in the middle of the high plains of the Colorado Plateau, about 25 miles (40 km) west of Winslow. A rim of smashed and jumbled boulders, some of them the size of small houses, rises 150 feet (46 m) above the level of the surrounding plain. The crater itself is nearly 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) wide, and 570 feet (170 m) deep.", "Arizona is one of two U.S. states that does not observe Daylight Saving Time (the other being Hawaii). The exception is within the large Navajo Nation (which observes Daylight Saving Time), in the state s northeastern region.", "Earthquakes[edit]", "Generally, Arizona is at low risk of earthquakes, except for the southwestern portion which is at moderate risk due to its proximity to southern California. On the other hand, northern Arizona is at moderate risk due to numerous faults in the area. The regions near and west of Phoenix have the lowest risk.[31]", "The earliest Arizona earthquakes were recorded at Fort Yuma, on the California side of the Colorado River. They were centered near the Imperial Valley, or Mexico, back in the 1800s. Residents in Douglas felt the 1887 Sonora earthquake with its epicenter 40 miles to the south in the Mexican state of Sonora.[32] The first damaging earthquake known to be centered within Arizona occurred on January 25, 1906, also including a series of other earthquakes centered near Socorro, New Mexico. The shock was violent in Flagstaff.", "In September 1910, a series of 52 earthquakes caused a construction crew near Flagstaff to leave the area. In 1912, the year Arizona achieved statehood, on August 18, an earthquake caused a 50-mile crack in the San Francisco Range. In early January 1935, the state experienced a series of earthquakes, in the Yuma area and near the Grand Canyon. Arizona experienced its largest earthquake in 1959, with a tremor of a magnitude 5.6. It was centered near Fredonia, in the state s northwest near the border with Utah. The tremor was felt across the border in Nevada and Utah.[32]", "Adjacent states[edit]", "Utah (north)", "Colorado (northeast)", "Nevada (northwest)", "Sonora, Mexico (south)", "Baja California, Mexico (southwest)", "New Mexico (east)", "Due to its large area and variations in elevation, the state has a wide variety of localized climate conditions. In the lower elevations, the climate is primarily desert, with mild winters and extremely hot summers. Typically, from late fall to early spring, the weather is mild, averaging a minimum of 60 \u00b0F (16 \u00b0C). November through February are the coldest months, with temperatures typically ranging from 40 to 75 \u00b0F (4 to 24 \u00b0C), with occasional frosts.[33]", "About midway through February, the temperatures start to rise, with warm days, and cool, breezy nights. The summer months of June through September bring a dry heat from 90 to 120 \u00b0F (32 to 49 \u00b0C), with occasional high temperatures exceeding 125 \u00b0F (52 \u00b0C) having been observed in the desert area.[33] Arizona s all-time record high is 128 \u00b0F (53 \u00b0C) recorded at Lake Havasu City on June 29, 1994, and July 5, 2007; the all-time record low of \u221240 \u00b0F (\u221240 \u00b0C) was recorded at Hawley Lake on January 7, 1971.", "Due to the primarily dry climate, large diurnal temperature variations occur in less-developed areas of the desert above 2,500 ft (760 m). The swings can be as large as 83 \u00b0F (46 \u00b0C) in the summer months. In the state s urban centers, the effects of local warming result in much higher measured night-time lows than in the recent past.", "Arizona has an average annual rainfall of 12.7 in (323 mm),[34] which comes during two rainy seasons, with cold fronts coming from the Pacific Ocean during the winter and a monsoon in the summer.[35] The monsoon season occurs toward the end of summer. In July or August, the dewpoint rises dramatically for a brief period. During this time, the air contains large amounts of water vapor. Dewpoints as high as 81 \u00b0F (27 \u00b0C)[36] have been recorded during the Phoenix monsoon season. This hot moisture brings lightning, thunderstorms, wind, and torrential, if usually brief, downpours. These downpours often cause flash floods, which can turn deadly. In an attempt to deter drivers from crossing flooding streams, the Arizona Legislature enacted the Stupid Motorist Law. It is rare for tornadoes or hurricanes to occur in Arizona.", "Arizona s northern third is a plateau at significantly higher altitudes than the lower desert, and has an appreciably cooler climate, with cold winters and mild summers, though the climate remains semiarid to arid. Extremely cold temperatures are not unknown; cold air systems from the northern states and Canada occasionally push into the state, bringing temperatures below 0 \u00b0F (\u221218 \u00b0C) to the state s northern parts.", "Indicative of the variation in climate, Arizona is the state which has both the metropolitan area with the most days over 100 \u00b0F (38 \u00b0C) (Phoenix), and the metropolitan area in the lower 48 states with the most days with a low temperature below freezing (Flagstaff).[37]", "Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected cities in Arizona[38]", "December (\u00b0F)", "December (\u00b0C)", "Phoenix 106/83 41/28 66/45 19/7", "Tucson 100/74 38/23 65/39 18/4", "Yuma 107/82 42/28 68/46 20/8", "Flagstaff 81/51 27/11 42/17 6/\u20138", "Prescott 89/60 32/16 51/23 11/\u20135", "Kingman 98/66 37/19 56/32 13/0", "Main article: Demographics of Arizona", "A population density map of Arizona", "Sources: 1910\u20132010[39]", "Note that early censuses", "Native Americans in Arizona", "The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Arizona was 7,171,646 on July 1, 2018, a 12.20% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[40]", "Arizona remained sparsely settled for most of the 19th century.[41] The 1860 census reported the population of Arizona County to be 6,482, of whom 4,040 were listed as Indians , 21 as free colored , and 2,421 as white .[42][43] Arizona s continued population growth puts an enormous stress on the state s water supply.[44] As of 2011[update], 61.3% of Arizona s children under the age of 1 belonged to minority groups.[45]", "The population of metropolitan Phoenix increased by 45.3% from 1991 through 2001, helping to make Arizona the second fastest-growing state in the U.S. in the 1990s (the fastest was Nevada).[46] As of July 2017[update], the population of the Phoenix area is estimated to be over 4.7 million.", "According to the 2010 United States Census, Arizona had a population of 6,392,017. In 2010, illegal immigrants constituted an estimated 7.9% of the population. This was the second highest percentage of any state in the U.S.[47][48]", "Metropolitan Phoenix (4.7 million) and Tucson (1 million) are home to about five-sixths of Arizona s people (as of the 2010 census). Metro Phoenix alone accounts for two-thirds of the state s population.", "Race and ethnicity[edit]", "In 1980, the Census Bureau reported Arizona s population as 16.2% Hispanic, 5.6% Native American, and 74.5% non-Hispanic white.[49] In 2010, the racial makeup of the state was:", "4.6% Native American and Alaska Native", "4.1% Black or African American", "11.9% from some other race", "3.4% from two or more races.", "Hispanics or Latinos of any race made up 29.6% of the state s population. Non-Hispanic whites formed 57.8% of the total population.[50]", "Arizona racial breakdown of population", "White 90.6% 80.8% 75.5% 73.0%", "Native 5.4% 5.5% 5.0% 4.6%", "Black 3.0% 3.0% 3.1% 4.1%", "Native Hawaiian and", "other Pacific Islander \u2013 \u2013 0.1% 0.2%", "Other race 0.5% 9.1% 11.6% 11.9%", "Two or more races \u2013 \u2013 2.9% 3.4%", "Arizona s five largest ancestry groups, as of 2009[update], were:[54]", "Mexican (27.4%);", "German (16.0%);", "Irish (10.8%);", "English (10.1%);", "Italian (4.6%).", "Top 10 non-English languages spoken in Arizona", "(as of 2010)[55]", "Navajo 1.48%", "German 0.39%", "Vietnamese 0.30%", "Other North American indigenous languages (especially indigenous languages of Arizona) 0.27%", "French 0.26%", "Arabic 0.24%", "Apache 0.18%", "Extent of the Spanish language in the state of Arizona", "As of 2010[update], 72.90% (4,215,749) of Arizona residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a primary language, while 20.80% (1,202,638) spoke Spanish, 1.48% (85,602) Navajo, 0.39% (22,592) German, 0.39% (22,426) Chinese (which includes Mandarin), 0.33% (19,015) Tagalog, 0.30% (17,603) Vietnamese, 0.27% (15,707) Other North American Indigenous Languages (especially indigenous languages of Arizona), and French was spoken as a main language by 0.26% (15,062) of the population over the age of five. In total, 27.10% (1,567,548) of Arizona s population age 5 and older spoke a mother language other than English.[55]", "Arizona is home to the largest number of speakers of Native American languages in the 48 contiguous states, as over 85,000 individuals reported speaking Navajo,[56] and 10,403 people reported Apache, as a language spoken at home in 2005.[56] Arizona s Apache County has the highest concentration of speakers of Native American Indian languages in the United States.[57]", "View of suburban development in Scottsdale, 2006", "Art Deco doors of the Cochise County Courthouse in Bisbee", "See also: List of places in Arizona, List of cities and towns in Arizona, and List of Arizona counties", "Phoenix, located in Maricopa County, is the capital and the largest city in Arizona. Other prominent cities in the Phoenix metro area include Mesa (the third largest city in Arizona), Chandler (the fourth largest city in Arizona), Glendale, Peoria, Buckeye, Sun City, Sun City West, Fountain Hills, Surprise, Gilbert, El Mirage, Avondale, Tempe, Tolleson and Scottsdale, with a total metropolitan population of just over 4.7 million.[58] The average high temperature in July, 106 \u00b0F (41 \u00b0C), is one of the highest of any metropolitan area in the United States, offset by an average January high temperature of 67 \u00b0F (19 \u00b0C), the basis of its winter appeal.", "Tucson, with a metro population of just over one million, is the state s second-largest city. It is located in Pima County, approximately 110 miles (180 km) southeast of Phoenix. Tucson was incorporated in 1877, making it the oldest incorporated city in Arizona. It is home to the University of Arizona. Major incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. It has an average July temperature of 100 \u00b0F (38 \u00b0C) and winter temperatures averaging 65 \u00b0F (18 \u00b0C). Saguaro National Park, just west of the city in the Tucson Mountains, is the locale of the largest collection of Saguaro cacti in the world.", "The Prescott metropolitan area includes the cities of Prescott, Cottonwood, Camp Verde and numerous other towns spread out over the 8,123 square miles (21,000 km2) of Yavapai County area. With 212,635 residents, this cluster of towns forms the third largest metropolitan area in the state. The city of Prescott (population 41,528) lies approximately 100 miles (160 km) northwest of the Phoenix metropolitan area. Situated in pine tree forests at an elevation of about 5,500 feet (1,700 m), Prescott enjoys a much cooler climate than Phoenix, with average summer highs around 88 \u00b0F (31 \u00b0C) and winter temperatures averaging 50 \u00b0F (10 \u00b0C).", "Yuma is center of the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Arizona. Located in Yuma County, it is near the borders of California and Mexico. It is one of the hottest cities in the United States, with an average July high of 107 \u00b0F (42 \u00b0C). (The same month s average in Death Valley is 115 \u00b0F (46 \u00b0C).) The city features sunny days about 90% of the year. The Yuma Metropolitan Statistical Area has a population of 160,000. Yuma attracts many winter visitors from all over the United States.", "Flagstaff, in Coconino County, is the largest city in northern Arizona, and is at an elevation of nearly 7,000 feet (2,100 m). With its large Ponderosa pine forests, snowy winter weather and picturesque mountains, it is a stark contrast to the desert regions typically associated with Arizona. It is sited at the base of the San Francisco Peaks, the highest mountain range in the state of Arizona, which contain Humphreys Peak, the highest point in Arizona at 12,633 feet (3,851 m). Flagstaff has a strong tourism sector, due to its proximity to numerous tourist attractions including: Grand Canyon National Park, Sedona, and Oak Creek Canyon. Historic U.S. Route 66 is the main east-west street in the town. The Flagstaff metropolitan area is home to 134,421 residents and the main campus of Northern Arizona University.", "Lake Havasu City, in Mohave County, known as Arizona s playground, was developed on the Colorado River and is named after Lake Havasu. Lake Havasu City has a population of about 53,000 people. It is famous for huge spring break parties, sunsets and the London Bridge, relocated from London, England. Lake Havasu City was founded by real estate developer Robert P. McCulloch in 1963.[59] It has two colleges, Mohave Community College and ASU Colleges in Lake Havasu City.[60]", "Largest cities or towns in Arizona", "Tucson 1 Phoenix Maricopa 1,626,078 11 Yuma Yuma 95,502", "2 Tucson Pima 535,677 12 San Tan Valley Pinal 93,000", "3 Mesa Maricopa 496,401 13 Avondale Maricopa 84,025", "4 Chandler Maricopa 253,458 14 Goodyear Maricopa 79,858", "5 Scottsdale Maricopa 249,950 15 Casas Adobes Pima 74,000", "6 Glendale Maricopa 246,709 16 Flagstaff Coconino 71,975", "7 Gilbert Maricopa 242,354 17 Buckeye Maricopa 68,453", "8 Tempe Maricopa 185,038 18 Casa Grande Pinal 55,477", "9 Peoria Maricopa 168,181 19 Lake Havasu City Mohave 54,411", "10 Surprise Maricopa 134,085 20 Catalina Foothills Pima 54,000", "The Spanish mission of San Xavier del Bac, founded in 1700", "Religion in Arizona (2014)[62]", "As of the year 2010, the Association of Religion Data Archives reported that the three largest denominational groups in Arizona were the Catholic Church, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints and non-denominational Evangelical Protestants. The Catholic Church has the highest number of adherents in Arizona (at 930,001), followed by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with 410,263 members reported[63] and then non-denominational Evangelical Protestants, reporting 281,105 adherents.[64] The religious body with the largest number of congregations is The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (with 836 congregations[65]) followed by the Southern Baptist Convention (with 323 congregations).", "According to the Association of Religion Data Archives, the fifteen largest denominations by number of adherents in 2010 and 2000 were:[66][67]", "Catholic Church 930,001 974,884", "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 410,263 251,974", "Non-denominational Christian 281,105 63,885[nb 1]", "Southern Baptist Convention 126,830 138,516", "Assemblies of God 123,713 82,802", "United Methodist Church 54,977 53,232", "Christian Churches and Churches of Christ 48,386 33,162", "Evangelical Lutheran Church in America 42,944 69,393", "Lutheran Church\u2013Missouri Synod 26,322 24,977", "Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) 26,078 33,554", "Episcopal Church (United States) 24,853 31,104", "Seventh-day Adventist Church 20,924 11,513", "Church of the Nazarene 16,991 18,143", "Lutheran Congregations in Mission for Christ 14,350 0", "Churches of Christ 14,151 14,471", "Regarding non-Christian denominations, Hinduism became the largest non-Christian religion (when combining all denominations) in 2010, with over 32,000 adherents in several denominations, followed by Judaism with over 20,000 in three denominations, and Buddhism with over 19,000 adherents in several denominations.[66][68][69]", "Arizona s Meteor Crater is a tourist attraction.", "See also: Arizona locations by per capita income", "The 2011 total gross state product was $259 billion. This figure gives Arizona a larger economy than such countries as Ireland, Finland, and New Zealand. The composition of the state s economy is moderately diverse; although health care, transportation and the government remain the largest sectors.", "The state s per capita income is $40,828, ranking 39th in the U.S. The state had a median household income of $50,448, making it 22nd in the country and just below the U.S. national mean.[70] Early in its history, Arizona s economy relied on the five C s : copper (see Copper mining in Arizona), cotton, cattle, citrus, and climate (tourism). Copper is still extensively mined from many expansive open-pit and underground mines, accounting for two-thirds of the nation s output.", "Employment[edit]", "The state government is Arizona s largest employer, while Banner Health is the state s largest private employer, with over 39,000 employees (2016). As of March 2016[update], the state s unemployment rate was 5.4%.[71]", "The top employment sectors in Arizona are (August 2014, excludes agriculture):", "Employees (thousands)", "Trade, transportation, and utilities 488.6", "Government 408.5", "Education and health services 392.1", "Professional and business services 384.2", "Leisure and hospitality 286.4", "Financial activities 193.2", "Manufacturing 156.0", "Other services 88.2", "Information 41.8", "Mining and logging 13.7", "Largest employers[edit]", "According to The Arizona Republic, the largest private employers in the state as of 2016[update] were:[72]", "1 Banner Health 39,781 Health care", "2 Walmart Stores, Inc. 34,856 Discount retailer", "3 Kroger Co. 16,856 Grocery stores", "4 McDonald s Corp. 15,781 Food service", "5 Wells Fargo & Co. 15,071 Financial services", "6 Albertsons Inc. 14,490 Grocery stores, retail drugstores", "7 Intel Corp. 11,300 Semiconductor manufacturing", "8 HonorHealth 10,600 Health care", "9 (tie) American Airlines 10,000 Airline", "Home Depot Inc. 10,000 Retail home improvement", "Honeywell International Inc. 10,000 Aerospace manufacturing", "12 Bank of America Corp. 9,800 Financial services", "13 Raytheon Co. 9,600 Defense (missile manufacturing)", "14 JP Morgan Chase & Co. 9,500 Financial services", "15 Bashas Supermarkets 8,525 Grocery stores", "16 Target Corp. 8,241 Discount retailer", "17 Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. 8,030 Mining", "18 Dignity Health 8,000 Health care", "19 CVS Health 7,200 Pharmaceutical services (including retail drugstores)", "20 American Express Co. 7,079 Financial services", "21 Circle K Corp. 6,800 Convenience stores", "22 UnitedHealthcare 6,000 Health care", "23 Pinnacle West Capital Corp. 6,407 Electric utility", "24 Mayo Foundation 6,274 Health care", "25 Amazon.com 6,000 Online Shopping", "Arizona collects personal income taxes in five brackets: 2.59%, 2.88%, 3.36%, 4.24% and 4.54%.[73] The state transaction privilege tax is 5.6%; however, county and municipal sales taxes generally add an additional 2%.", "The state rate on transient lodging (hotel/motel) is 7.27%. The state of Arizona does not levy a state tax on food for home consumption or on drugs prescribed by a licensed physician or dentist. However, some cities in Arizona do levy a tax on food for home consumption.", "All fifteen Arizona counties levy a tax. Incorporated municipalities also levy transaction privilege taxes which, with the exception of their hotel/motel tax, are generally in the range of 1-to-3%. These added assessments could push the combined sales tax rate to as high as 10.7%.", "0 \u2013 $10,000 2.590% 0 \u2013 $20,000 2.590%", "$10,000 \u2013 $25,000 2.880% $20,001 \u2013 $50,000 2.880%", "$25,000 \u2013 $50,000 3.360% $50,001 \u2013 $100,000 3.360%", "$50,000 \u2013 $150,001 4.240% $100,000 \u2013 $300,001 4.240%", "$150,001 + 4.540% $300,001 + 4.540%", "Main article: Transportation in Arizona", "Entering Arizona on I-10 from New Mexico", "Interstate highways[edit]", "I-8 | I-10 | Future I-11 | I-15 | I\u201117 | I\u201119 | I-40", "U.S. routes[edit]", "US 60 | US 64 | US 70 | US 89 | US 91 | US 93 | US 95 | US 160 | US 163 | US 180 | US 191", "Main interstate routes include I-17, and I-19 traveling north-south, I-8, I-10, and I-40, traveling east-west, and a short stretch of I-15 traveling northeast\u2013southwest through the extreme northwestern corner of the state. In addition, the various urban areas are served by complex networks of state routes and highways, such as the Loop 101, which is part of Phoenix s vast freeway system.", "Public transportation, Amtrak, and intercity bus[edit]", "The Phoenix and Tucson metropolitan areas are served by public bus transit systems. Yuma and Flagstaff also have public bus systems. Greyhound Lines serves Phoenix, Tucson, Flagstaff, Yuma, and several smaller communities statewide.", "A Navajo man on horseback in Monument Valley", "A light rail system, called Valley Metro Rail, was completed in December 2008; it connects Central Phoenix with the nearby cities of Mesa and Tempe.", "In Tucson, the Sun Link streetcar system travels through the downtown area, connecting the main University of Arizona campus with Mercado San Agustin on the western edge of downtown Tucson. Sun Link, loosely based on the Portland Streetcar, launched in July 2014.[74]", "Amtrak Southwest Chief route serves the northern part of the state, stopping at Winslow, Flagstaff, Williams and Kingman. The Texas Eagle and Sunset Limited routes serve South-Central Arizona, stopping at Tucson, Maricopa, Yuma and Benson. Phoenix lost Amtrak service in 1996 with the discontinuation of the Desert Wind, and now an Amtrak bus runs between Phoenix and the station in Maricopa.", "See also: List of passenger train stations in Arizona", "See also: List of airports in Arizona", "Airports with regularly scheduled commercial flights include: Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (IATA: PHX, ICAO: KPHX) in Phoenix (the largest airport and the major international airport in the state); Tucson International Airport (IATA: TUS, ICAO: KTUS) in Tucson; Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport (IATA: AZA, ICAO: KIWA) in Mesa; Yuma International Airport (IATA: NYL, ICAO: KNYL) in Yuma; Prescott Municipal Airport (PRC) in Prescott; Flagstaff Pulliam Airport (IATA: FLG, ICAO: KFLG) in Flagstaff, and Grand Canyon National Park Airport (IATA: GCN, ICAO: KGCN, FAA: GCN), a small, but busy, single-runway facility providing tourist flights, mostly from Las Vegas. Phoenix Sky Harbor is currently 7th busiest airport in the world in terms of aircraft movements, and 17th for passenger traffic.[75][76]", "Other significant airports without regularly scheduled commercial flights include Scottsdale Municipal Airport (IATA: SCF, ICAO: KSDL) in Scottsdale, and Deer Valley Airport (IATA: DVT, ICAO: KDVT, FAA: DVT) home to two flight training academies and the nation s busiest general aviation airport.[77]", "Main article: Government of Arizona", "See also: Arizona Constitution, United States congressional delegations from Arizona, List of Arizona Governors, Political party strength in Arizona, and Arizona Revised Statutes", "Capitol complex[edit]", "The original Arizona State Capitol, Phoenix", "The state capital of Arizona is Phoenix. The original Capitol building, with its distinctive copper dome, was dedicated in 1901 (construction was completed for $136,000 in 1900), when the area was still a territory. Phoenix became the official state capital with Arizona s admission to the union in 1912.", "The House of Representatives and Senate buildings were dedicated in 1960, and an Executive Office Building was dedicated in 1974 (the ninth floor of this building is where the Office of the Governor is located). The original Capitol building was converted into a museum.", "The Capitol complex is fronted and highlighted by the richly landscaped Wesley Bolin Memorial Plaza, named after Wesley Bolin, a governor who died in office in the 1970s. Numerous monuments and memorials are on the site, including the anchor and signal mast from the USS Arizona (one of the U.S. Navy ships sunk in Pearl Harbor) and a granite version of the Ten Commandments.", "State legislative branch[edit]", "The Arizona Legislature is bicameral (like the legislature of every other state except Nebraska) and consists of a thirty-member Senate and a 60-member House of Representatives. Each of the thirty legislative districts has one senator and two representatives. Legislators are elected for two-year terms.", "Each Legislature covers a two-year period. The first session following the general election is known as the first regular session, and the session convening in the second year is known as the second regular session. Each regular session begins on the second Monday in January and adjourns sine die (terminates for the year) no later than Saturday of the week in which the 100th day from the beginning of the regular session falls. The President of the Senate and Speaker of the House, by rule, may extend the session up to seven additional days. Thereafter, the session can only be extended by a majority vote of members present of each house.", "The current majority party is the Republican Party, which has held power in both houses since 1993.", "Arizona state senators and representatives are elected for two-year terms and are limited to four consecutive terms in a chamber, though there is no limit on the total number of terms. When a lawmaker is term-limited from office, it is not uncommon for him or her to run for election in the other chamber.", "The fiscal year 2006\u201307 general fund budget, approved by the Arizona Legislature in June 2006, is slightly less than $10 billion. Besides the money spent on state agencies, it also includes more than $500 million in income- and property tax cuts, pay raises for government employees, and additional funding for the K\u201312 education system.", "State executive branch[edit]", "State of Arizona elected officials", "Governor Doug Ducey (R)", "Secretary of State Katie Hobbs (D)", "Attorney General Mark Brnovich (R)", "State Treasurer Kimberley Yee (R)", "Superintendent of Public Instruction Kathy Hoffman (D)", "State Mine Inspector Joe Hart (R)", "Corporation Commissioner", "Sandra Kennedy (D)", "Bob Burns (R)", "Boyd Dunn (R)", "Justin Olson (R)", "Arizona s executive branch is headed by a governor, who is elected to a four-year term. The governor may serve any number of terms, though no more than two in a row. Arizona is one of the few states that does not maintain a governor s mansion. During office the governors reside within their private residence, and all executive offices are housed in the executive tower at the state capitol. The current governor of Arizona is Doug Ducey (R).", "Former Governor Jan Brewer assumed office after Janet Napolitano had her nomination by Barack Obama for Secretary of Homeland Security confirmed by the United States Senate.[78] Arizona has had four female governors, more than any other state.", "Other elected executive officials include the Secretary of State, State Treasurer, State Attorney General, Superintendent of Public Instruction, State Mine Inspector and a five-member Corporation Commission. All elected officials hold a term of four years, and are limited to two consecutive terms (except the office of the State Mine Inspector, which is limited to 4 terms[79]).", "Arizona is one of five states that do not have a specified lieutenant governor. The secretary of state is the first in line to succeed the governor in the event of death, disability, resignation, or removal from office. The line of succession also includes the attorney general, state treasurer and superintendent of public instruction. Since 1977, four secretaries of state and one attorney general have risen to Arizona s governorship through these means.", "State judicial branch[edit]", "The Arizona Supreme Court is the highest court in Arizona. The court currently consists of one chief justice, a vice chief justice, and three associate justices. Justices are appointed by the governor from a list recommended by a bipartisan commission, and are re-elected after the initial two years following their appointment. Subsequent re-elections occur every six years. The supreme court has appellate jurisdiction in death penalty cases, but almost all other appellate cases go through the Arizona Court of Appeals beforehand. The court has original jurisdiction in a few other circumstances, as outlined in the state constitution. The court may also declare laws unconstitutional, but only while seated en banc. The court meets in the Arizona Supreme Court Building at the capitol complex (at the southern end of Wesley Bolin Plaza).", "The Arizona Court of Appeals, further divided into two divisions, is the intermediate court in the state. Division One is based in Phoenix, consists of sixteen judges, and has jurisdiction in the Western and Northern regions of the state, along with the greater Phoenix area. Division Two is based in Tucson, consists of six judges, and has jurisdiction over the Southern regions of the state, including the Tucson area. Judges are selected in a method similar to the one used for state supreme court justices.", "Each county of Arizona has a superior court, the size and organization of which are varied and generally depend on the size of the particular county.", "Arizona is divided into political jurisdictions designated as counties. There are 15 counties in the state, ranging in size from 1,238 square miles (3,210 km2) to 18,661 square miles (48,330 km2).", "2010 population[80]", "Area (sq. mi.)", "Apache St. Johns 1879 71,518 1.12 % 11,218 9.84 %", "Cochise Bisbee 1881 131,346 2.05 % 6,219 5.46 %", "Coconino Flagstaff 1891 134,421 2.10 % 18,661 16.37 %", "Gila Globe 1881 53,597 0.84 % 4,796 4.21 %", "Graham Safford 1881 37,220 0.58 % 4,641 4.07 %", "Greenlee Clifton 1909 8,437 0.13 % 1,848 1.62 %", "La Paz Parker 1983 20,489 0.32 % 4,513 3.96 %", "Maricopa Phoenix 1871 3,817,117 59.72 % 9,224 8.09 %", "Mohave Kingman 1864 200,186 3.13 % 13,470 11.82 %", "Navajo Holbrook 1895 107,449 1.68 % 9,959 8.74 %", "Pima Tucson 1864 980,263 15.34 % 9,189 8.06 %", "Pinal Florence 1875 375,770 5.88 % 5,374 4.71 %", "Santa Cruz Nogales 1899 47,420 0.74 % 1,238 1.09 %", "Yavapai Prescott 1864 211,033 3.30 % 8,128 7.13 %", "Yuma Yuma 1864 195,751 3.06 % 5,519 4.84 %", "Totals: 15 6,392,017 113,997", "Federal representation[edit]", "Arizona s two United States Senators are Kyrsten Sinema (D) and Martha McSally (R). McSally was appointed by Governor Ducey to succeed acting senator Jon Kyl to fill the spot formerly occupied by the late six-term senior Senator John McCain, who died August 25, 2018. Senator McSally, will serve in office until a special election in 2020.", "As of the start of the 115th Congress, Arizona s representatives in the United States House of Representatives are Tom O Halleran (D-1), Ann Kirkpatrick (D-2), Raul Grijalva (D-3), Paul Gosar (R-4), Andy Biggs (R-5), David Schweikert (R-6), Ruben Gallego (D-7), Debbie Lesko (R-8), and Greg Stanton (D-9). Arizona gained a ninth seat in the House of Representatives due to redistricting based on Census 2010.", "2016 49.15% 1,240,656 45.35% 1,144,709", "See also: Elections in Arizona, Political party strength in Arizona", "Voter registration and party enrollment as of October 28, 2016[update][81]", "Republican 1,239,614 34.54%", "Independent 1,219,297 33.98%", "Democratic 1,091,323 30.41%", "Libertarian Party 31,358 0.87%", "Green Party 6,894 0.19%", "Party registration by county:", "Democrat >= 30%", "Republican >= 30%", "Unaffiliated\u2014<30%", "From statehood through the late 1940s, Arizona was primarily dominated by the Democratic Party. During this time period, the Democratic candidate for the presidency carried the state each election, with the only exceptions being the elections of 1920, 1924 and 1928\u2014all three of which were national Republican landslides.", "In 1924, Congress had passed a law granting citizenship and suffrage to all Native Americans, some of whom had previously been excluded as members of tribes on reservations. Legal interpretations of Arizona s constitution prohibited Native Americans living on reservations from voting, classifying them as being under guardianship. [9] This interpretation was overturned as being incorrect and unconstitutional in 1948 by the Arizona Supreme Court, following a suit by World War II Indian veterans Frank Harrison and Harry Austin, both of the Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation. The landmark case is Harrison and Austin v. Laveen. After the men were refused the opportunity to register in Maricopa County, they filed suit against the registrar. The National Congress of American Indians, the Department of Justice, the Department of the Interior, and the American Civil Liberties Union all filed amicus curiae (friends of the court) briefs in the case. The State Supreme Court established the rights of Native Americans to vote in the state; at the time, they comprised about 11% of the population.[9] That year, a similar provision was overturned in New Mexico when challenged by another Indian veteran in court. These were the only two states that had continued to prohibit Native Americans from voting.[8][9]", "Since the election of Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952, the majority of state voters have favored Republicans in presidential elections. Arizona voted Republican in every presidential election from 1952 to 1992, with Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan winning the state by particularly large margins. During this forty-year span, it was the only state not to be carried by a Democrat at least once.", "Democrat Lyndon Johnson, in 1964, lost the state by less than 5,000 votes to Arizona Senator and native Barry Goldwater. (This was the most closely contested state in what was otherwise a landslide victory for Johnson that year.) Democrat Bill Clinton ended this streak in 1996, when he won Arizona by a little over two percentage points (Clinton had previously come within less than two percent of winning Arizona s electoral votes in 1992). Since then, the majority of the state has continued to support Republican presidential candidates by solid margins.", "Since the late 20th century, the Republican Party has also dominated Arizona politics in general. The fast-growing Phoenix and Tucson suburbs became increasingly friendly to Republicans from the 1950s onward. During this time, many Pinto Democrats, or conservative Democrats from rural areas, became increasingly willing to support Republicans at the state and national level. While the state normally supports Republicans at the federal level, Democrats are often competitive in statewide elections. Two of the last six governors have been Democrats.", "On March 4, 2008, Senator John McCain effectively clinched the Republican nomination for 2008, becoming the first presidential nominee from the state since Barry Goldwater in 1964.", "Arizona politics are dominated by a longstanding rivalry between its two largest counties, Maricopa and Pima\u2014home to Phoenix and Tucson, respectively. The two counties have almost 75 percent of the state s population and cast almost 80 percent of the state s vote. They also elect a substantial majority of the state legislature.", "Maricopa County is home to almost 60 percent of the state s population, and most of the state s elected officials live there. It has voted Republican in every presidential election since 1948. This includes the 1964 run of native son Barry Goldwater; he would not have carried his home state without his 20,000-vote margin in Maricopa County. Similarly, while McCain won Arizona by eight percentage points in 2008, aided by his 130,000-vote margin in Maricopa County.", "In contrast, Pima County, home to Tucson, and most of southern Arizona have historically voted more Democratic. While Tucson s suburbs lean Republican, they hold to a somewhat more moderate brand of Republicanism than is common in the Phoenix area.", "Arizona rejected a same-sex marriage ban in a referendum as part of the 2006 elections. Arizona was the first state in the nation to do so. Same-sex marriage was not recognized in Arizona, but this amendment would have denied any legal or financial benefits to unmarried homosexual or heterosexual couples.[82] In 2008, Arizona voters passed Proposition 102, an amendment to the state constitution to define marriage as a union of one man and one woman. It passed by a more narrow majority than similar votes in a number of other states.[83]", "In 2010, Arizona passed SB 1070, called the toughest illegal immigration legislation in the nation. A fierce debate erupted between supporters and detractors of the law.[84]", "The United States Supreme Court heard arguments March 18, 2013, regarding the validity of the Arizona law, which requires individuals to show documents proving U.S. citizenship in order to register to vote in national elections.[85]", "Same-sex marriage and Civil unions[edit]", "In 2006, Arizona became the first state in the United States to reject a proposition, Prop 107, that would have banned same-sex marriage and civil unions.[86] However, in 2008, Arizona voters approved of Prop 102, a constitutional amendment that prohibited same-sex marriage but not other unions.[87] Prior to same-sex marriage being legal, the City of Bisbee became the first jurisdiction in Arizona to approve of civil unions.[88] The state s Attorney General at the time, Tom Horne, threatened to sue, but rescinded the threat once Bisbee amended the ordinance; Bisbee approved of civil unions in 2013.[89] The municipalities of Clarkdale, Cottonwood, Jerome, Sedona, and Tucson also passed civil unions.[90]", "A November 2011 Public Policy Polling survey found that 44% of Arizona voters supported the legalization of same-sex marriage, while 45% opposed it and 12% were not sure. A separate question on the same survey found that 72% of respondents supported legal recognition of same-sex couples, with 40% supporting same-sex marriage, 32% supporting civil unions, 27% opposing all legal recognition and 1% not sure. Arizona Proposition 102, known by its supporters as the Marriage Protection Amendment, appeared as a legislatively referred constitutional amendment on the November 4, 2008 ballot in Arizona, where it was approved: 56.2%\u201343%. It amended the Arizona Constitution to define marriage as between one man and one woman.[91]", "On October 17, 2014, Arizona Attorney General Tom Horne announced that his office would no longer object to same-sex marriage, in response to a U.S. District Court Ruling on Arizona Proposition 102. On that day, each county s Clerk of the Superior Court began to issue same-sex marriage licenses, and Arizona became the 31st state to legalize same-sex marriage.", "Elementary and secondary education[edit]", "Public schools in Arizona are separated into about 220 local school districts which operate independently, but are governed in most cases by elected county school superintendents; these are in turn overseen by the Arizona State Board of Education (a division of the Arizona Department of Education) and the state Superintendent of Public Instruction (elected in partisan elections every even-numbered year when there is not a presidential election, for a four-year term). In 2005, a School District Redistricting Commission was established with the goal of combining and consolidating many of these districts.", "The University of Arizona (the Mall) located in Tucson", "Arizona State University (a biodesign building) located in Tempe", "Northern Arizona University (The Skydome) located in Flagstaff", "Arizona is served by three public universities: The University of Arizona, Arizona State University, and Northern Arizona University. These schools are governed by the Arizona Board of Regents.", "Private higher education in Arizona is dominated by a large number of for-profit and chain (multi-site) universities.[92]", "Embry\u2013Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott and Prescott College are Arizona s only non-profit four-year private colleges.[93]", "Arizona has a wide network of two-year vocational schools and community colleges. These colleges were governed historically by a separate statewide Board of Directors but, in 2002, the state legislature transferred almost all oversight authority to individual community college districts.[94] The Maricopa County Community College District includes 11 community colleges throughout Maricopa County and is one of the largest in the nation.", "Public universities in Arizona[edit]", "Arizona State University, (Sun Devils) Tempe/Phoenix/Mesa/Glendale/Lake Havasu", "Northern Arizona University, (Lumberjacks) Flagstaff/Yuma/Prescott", "University of Arizona, (Wildcats) Tucson/Sierra Vista, M.D. college in downtown Phoenix and UA Agricultural Center in Yuma/Maricopa", "Private colleges and universities in Arizona[edit]", "Art Institute of Tucson", "Art Institute of Phoenix", "International Baptist College", "Penn Foster College[95]", "Community colleges[edit]", "Maricopa County Community College District", "Rio Salado Community College", "Art and culture[edit]", "Visual arts and museums[edit]", "See also: List of museums in Arizona", "Phoenix Art Museum, located on the historic Central Avenue corridor in Phoenix, is the Southwest s largest collection of visual art from across the world. The museum displays international exhibitions alongside the museum s collection of more than 18,000 works of American, Asian, European, Latin American, Western American, modern and contemporary art, and fashion design. With a community education mandate since 1951, Phoenix Art Museum holds a year-round program of festivals, live performances, independent art films and educational programs. The museum also has PhxArtKids, an interactive space for children; photography exhibitions through the museum s partnership with the Center for Creative Photography; the landscaped Sculpture Garden and dining at Arcadia Farms.", "Arizona is a recognized center of Native American art, with a number of galleries showcasing historical and contemporary works. The Heard Museum, also located in Phoenix, is a major repository of Native American art. Some of the signature exhibits include a full Navajo hogan, the Mareen Allen Nichols Collection containing 260 pieces of contemporary jewelry, the Barry Goldwater Collection of 437 historic Hopi kachina dolls, and an exhibit on the 19th century boarding school experiences of Native Americans. The Heard Museum has about 250,000 visitors a year.", "Sedona, Jerome, and Tubac are known as a budding artist colonies, and small arts scenes exist in the larger cities and near the state universities.", "See also: List of films shot in Arizona", "View of Monument Valley from John Ford s Point", "Several major Hollywood films, such as Billy Jack, U Turn, Waiting to Exhale, Just One of the Guys, Can t Buy Me Love, Bill & Ted s Excellent Adventure, The Scorpion King, The Banger Sisters, Used Cars, and Raising Arizona have been made there (as have many Westerns). The 1993 science fiction movie Fire in the Sky, based on a reported alien abduction in the town of Snowflake, was set in Snowflake. It was filmed in the Oregon towns of Oakland, Roseburg, and Sutherlin.", "The 1974 film Alice Doesn t Live Here Anymore, for which Ellen Burstyn won the Academy Award for Best Actress, and also starring Kris Kristofferson, was set in Tucson. The climax of the 1977 Clint Eastwood film The Gauntlet takes place in downtown Phoenix. The final segments of the 1984 film Starman take place at Meteor Crater outside Winslow. The Jeff Foxworthy comedy documentary movie Blue Collar Comedy Tour was filmed almost entirely at the Dodge Theatre. Some of Alfred Hitchcock s classic film Psycho was shot in Phoenix, the ostensible home town of the main character.", "Some of the television shows filmed or set in Arizona include The New Dick Van Dyke Show, Medium, Alice, The First 48, Insomniac with Dave Attell, Cops, and America s Most Wanted. The TV sitcom Alice, which was based on the movie was set in Phoenix. Twilight had passages set in Phoenix at the beginning and the end of the film.", "Main article: Music of Arizona", "Arizona is prominently featured in the lyrics of many Country and Western songs, such as Jamie O Neal s hit ballad There Is No Arizona . George Strait s Oceanfront Property uses ocean front property in Arizona as a metaphor for a sucker proposition. The line see you down in Arizona Bay is used in a Tool song in reference to the possibility (expressed as a hope by comedian Bill Hicks) that Southern California will one day fall into the ocean. Glen Campbell, a notable resident, popularized the song By The Time I Get To Phoenix .", "Standin on the Corner Park and mural in Winslow, Arizona", "Arizona was the title of a popular song recorded by Mark Lindsay. Arizona is mentioned by the hit song Take It Easy , written by Jackson Browne and Glenn Frey and performed by the Eagles. Arizona is also mentioned in the Beatles song Get Back , credited to John Lennon and Paul McCartney; McCartney sings: JoJo left his home in Tucson, Arizona, for some California grass. Carefree Highway , released in 1974 by Gordon Lightfoot, takes its name from Arizona State Route 74 north of Phoenix.[96]", "Arizona s budding music scene is helped by emerging bands, as well as some well-known artists. The Gin Blossoms, Chronic Future, Roger Clyne and the Peacemakers, Jimmy Eat World, Caroline s Spine, and others began their careers in Arizona. Also, a number of punk and rock bands got their start in Arizona, including JFA, The Feederz, Sun City Girls, The Meat Puppets, The Maine, The Summer Set, and more recently Authority Zero and Digital Summer.", "Arizona also has many singers and other musicians. Singer, songwriter and guitarist Michelle Branch is from Sedona. The late Chester Bennington, the former lead vocalist of Linkin Park, and mash-up artist DJ Z-Trip are both from Phoenix. One of Arizona s better known musicians is shock rocker Alice Cooper, who helped define the genre. Maynard James Keenan, the lead singer of the bands Tool, A Perfect Circle, and Puscifer, calls the town of Cornville his current home.", "Other notable singers include country singers Dierks Bentley and Marty Robbins, folk singer Katie Lee, Fleetwood Mac s Stevie Nicks, CeCe Peniston, Rex Allen, 2007 American Idol winner Jordin Sparks, and Linda Ronstadt.", "Arizona is also known for its heavy metal scene, which is centered in and around Phoenix. In the early to mid-1990s, it included bands such as Job for a Cowboy, Knights of the Abyss, Greeley Estates, Eyes Set To Kill, blessthefall, The Word Alive, The Dead Rabbitts, and Abigail Williams. The band Soulfly calls Phoenix home and Megadeth lived in Phoenix for about a decade. Beginning in and around 2009, Phoenix began to host a burgeoning desert rock and sludge metal underground, (ala Kyuss in 1990s California) led by bands like Wolves of Winter, Asimov and Dead Canyon.", "American composer Elliott Carter composed his first String Quartet (1950\u201351) while on sabbatical (from New York) in Arizona. The quartet won a Pulitzer Prize and other awards and is now a staple of the string quartet repertoire.[citation needed]", "Main article: Sports in Arizona", "Professional sports teams in Arizona include:", "Arizona Cardinals American football National Football League 2 (1925, 1947)", "Arizona Hotshots American football Alliance of American Football 0", "Phoenix Suns Basketball National Basketball Association 0", "Arizona Diamondbacks Baseball Major League Baseball 1 (2001)", "Arizona Coyotes Ice hockey National Hockey League 0", "Arizona Rattlers Indoor football Indoor Football League 6 (1994, 1997, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2017)", "Phoenix Rising FC Soccer United Soccer League 0", "Phoenix Mercury Basketball Women s National Basketball Association 3 (2007, 2009, 2014)", "Tucson Roadrunners Ice hockey American Hockey League 0", "Northern Arizona Suns Basketball NBA G League 1", "The University of Phoenix stadium hosted Super Bowl XLII on February 3, 2008, and Super Bowl XLIX on February 1, 2015.", "Due to its numerous golf courses, Arizona is home to several stops on the PGA Tour, most notably the Phoenix Open, held at the TPC of Scottsdale, and the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship at the Ritz-Carlton Golf Club in Marana.", "Auto racing is another sport known in the state. Phoenix International Raceway in Avondale is home to NASCAR race weekends twice a year. Firebird International Raceway near Chandler is home to drag racing and other motorsport events.", "College sports[edit]", "College sports are also prevalent in Arizona. The Arizona State Sun Devils and the Arizona Wildcats belong to the Pac-12 Conference while the Northern Arizona Lumberjacks compete in the Big Sky Conference and the Grand Canyon Antelopes compete for in the Western Athletic Conference. The rivalry between Arizona State Sun Devils and the Arizona Wildcats predates Arizona s statehood, and is the oldest rivalry in the NCAA.[97] The Territorial Cup, first awarded in 1889 and certified as the oldest trophy in college football,[98] is awarded to the winner of the annual football game between the two schools.", "Arizona also hosts several college football bowl games. The Fiesta Bowl, originally held at Sun Devil Stadium, is now held at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale. The Fiesta Bowl is part of the new College Football Playoff (CFP). University of Phoenix Stadium was also home to the 2007 and 2011 BCS National Championship Games.", "A spring training game between the Cubs and White Sox at HoHoKam Park", "Baseball[edit]", "Arizona is a popular location for Major League Baseball spring training, as it is the site of the Cactus League. Spring training was first started in Arizona in 1947, when Brewers owner Veeck sold them in 1945 but went onto purchase the Cleveland Indians in 1946. He decided to train the Cleveland Indians in Tucson and convinced the New York Giants to give Phoenix a try. Thus the Cactus League was born.[99]", "On March 9, 1995, Arizona was awarded a franchise to begin play for the 1998 season. A $130 million franchise fee was paid to Major League Baseball and on January 16, 1997, the Diamondbacks were officially voted into the National League.", "Since their debut, the Diamondbacks have won five National League West titles, one National League Championship pennant, and the 2001 World Series.", "Miscellaneous topics[edit]", "Main article: List of people from Arizona", "Some notable Arizonans involved in politics and government include:", "Former Arizona Governor Jan Brewer", "Former Surgeon General of the United States Richard Carmona", "Former United States Secretary of Transportation Mary Peters[100]", "Former Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O Connor[101]", "Former Supreme Court Chief Justice William Rehnquist[102]", "Former U.S. Senator Dennis DeConcini[103]", "Former Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio[citation needed]", "Former Graham County Sheriff Richard Mack[citation needed]", "National Education Association President Dennis Van Roekel[104]", "Junior Republican Senator Jon Kyl, former Senate Minority Whip.[105]", "Presidential candidate (2000, 2008) and former U.S. Senator John McCain[106]", "Presidential candidate (1964) and former U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater[107]", "Former governor, Secretary of the Interior, and presidential candidate (1988) Bruce Babbitt[108]", "Presidential candidate (1976) and former Arizona congressman Mo Udall and his brother Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall[citation needed]", "Former U.S. Senator Carl Hayden[citation needed]", "Former United States Solicitor General Rex E. Lee.[109]", "Former Governor and Secretary of Homeland Security in the Obama Administration Janet Napolitano[110]", "Former State Senator Jack Taylor also served as mayor of Mesa and was for one two-year term a member of the Arizona House of Representatives.[111]", "Arizona notables in culture and the arts include:", "Labor leader and civil rights pioneer Cesar Estrada Chavez was from San Luis, near Yuma[112]", "Actress Emma Stone is from Scottsdale", "Actress Gail Edwards resides in Sedona", "Athlete Auston Mathews (Toronto Maple Leaf Center)", "Author Zane Grey", "Disc sports (Frisbee) pioneer Ken Westerfield currently lives in Bisbee", "Film director Steven Spielberg was raised in Phoenix and attended Arcadia High School", "Actor David Spade was raised in Scottsdale and graduated from Arizona State University", "Actress Lynda Carter, star of Wonder Woman, is from Phoenix and attended Arizona State University", "Horse owner and trainer Bob Baffert.", "Musicians Chester Bennington of Linkin Park (Phoenix), Alice Cooper (Phoenix), Stevie Nicks of Fleetwood Mac (Phoenix), (Jerome), Linda Ronstadt (Tucson), Michelle Branch (Sedona), Nate Ruess of Fun. (Glendale)", "Musicians in the bands Meat Puppets (Phoenix/Tempe), Authority Zero (Mesa), Gin Blossoms (Tempe), Chronic Future (Scottsdale), Jimmy Eat World (Mesa), The Format (Glendale), Stellar Kart (Phoenix), Malignus Youth (Sierra Vista), and Job for a Cowboy (Glendale).", "Poet Jim Simmerman of Flagstaff", "Frederick Sommer, an artist/photographer, moved to Tucson in 1931 and lived in Prescott from 1935 to 1999", "Rancher and political insider John G.F. Speiden \u2013 Jay Six Ranch", "Author Diana Gabaldon mostly known for Outlander was born in and resides in Arizona", "Musician Zella Day is originally from Pinetop, Arizona", "State symbols[edit]", "Cactus wren, the Arizona state bird", "Arizona state amphibian: Arizona treefrog (Hyla eximia)", "Arizona state bird: cactus wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus)", "Arizona state butterfly: two-tailed swallowtail (Papilio multicaudata)", "Arizona state colors: federal blue and old gold", "Arizona state dinosaur: Sonorasaurus[113]", "Arizona state fish: Apache trout (Oncorhynchus apache)[114]", "Arizona state flag: Flag of the State of Arizona", "Arizona state flower: saguaro blossom (Carnegiea gigantea)", "Arizona state fossil: petrified wood", "Arizona state gemstone: turquoise", "Arizona state mammal: ring-tailed cat (Bassariscus astutus)", "Arizona state motto: Ditat Deus (Latin God enriches)", "Arizona state neckwear: bolo tie", "Arizona state reptile: Arizona ridge-nosed rattlesnake (Crotalus willardi)", "Arizona state seal: Great Seal of the State of Arizona", "Arizona state slogan: Grand Canyon State", "Arizona state songs: Arizona March Song (by Margaret Rowe Clifford) and Arizona (by Rex Allen, Jr.)[115]", "Arizona state tree: palo verde (Parkinsonia)", "Arizona state gun: Colt Single Action Army revolver[116]", "Arizona portal", "Outline of Arizona \u2013 organized list of topics about Arizona", "Index of Arizona-related articles", "^ In 2000, this designation was broken into two groups: Independent, Non-Charismatic Churches (34,130 adherents) and Independent, Charismatic Churches (29,755 adherents)", "^ Arizona \u2013 Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary . 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Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ William Rehnquist . Directory of Federal Judges. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Dennis DeConcini . Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Dennis Van Roekel . National Education Association. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Jon Kyl . Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ John McCain . MProject Vote Smart. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Barry Goldwater . Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Bruce Babbitt . The Washington Post Company. December 15, 1999. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Rex E. Lee . Deseret News. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Janet Napolitano . MProject Vote Smart. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Jerald Jackson Taylor . apnewsarchive.com. April 3, 1995. Retrieved July 31, 2015.", "^ The Story of Cesar Chavez . UFW. Retrieved 13 November 2018.", "^ Sonorasaurus officially named Arizona s state dinosaur . April 11, 2018.", "^ Carter, Julie Meka. Apache Trout Recovery: A Wildlife Success Story . Wildlife & Conservation. Arizona Game and Fish Department. Archived from the original on September 20, 2013. Retrieved September 28, 2013.", "^ Kids Page \u2013 Arizona State Songs .", "^ Arizona Gets an Official State Gun \u2013 And It s Manufactured in Connecticut . Retrieved April 15, 2017.", "Bayless, Betsy, 1998, Arizona Blue Book, 1997\u20131998. Phoenix, Arizona.", "McIntyre, Allan J., 2008, The Tohono O odham and Pimeria Alta. Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, South Carolina. (ISBN 978-0-7385-5633-8).", "Miller, Tom (editor), 1986, Arizona: The Land and the People. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. (ISBN 978-0-8165-1004-7).", "Officer, James E., 1987, Hispanic Arizona, 1536\u20131856. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. (ISBN 978-0-8165-0981-2).", "Thomas, David M. (editor), 2003, Arizona Legislative Manual. In Arizona Phoenix, Arizona, Arizona Legislative Council. Google Print. Retrieved January 16, 2006.", "Trimble, Marshall, 1998, Arizona, A Cavalcade of History. Treasure Chest Publications, Tucson, Arizona. (ISBN 978-0-918080-43-1).", "Woosley, Anne I., 2008, Early Tucson. Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, South Carolina. (ISBN 978-0-7385-5646-8).", "Arizonaat Wikipedia s sister projects", "Official state government website", "Official Website of the State of Arizona", "Arizona State Guide, from the Library of Congress", "Arizona Regional Accounts Data at the Wayback Machine (archived August 19, 2002)", "Arizona Demographic Data from FedStats", "Arizona USDA State Fact Sheet", "Arizona Indicators, state s central resource for information on a wide range of topics", "Energy Data & Statistics for Arizona", "Arizona State Databases \u2013 Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Arizona state agencies and compiled by the Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association.", "Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records", "Arizona at Ballotpedia", "Arizona at Curlie", "Geographic data related to Arizona at OpenStreetMap", "Official Arizona Office of Tourism", "Arizona Game & Fish Department (Hunting, Boating & Fishing)", "American Southwest, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary", "New Mexico List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union", "Admitted on February 14, 1912 (48th) Succeeded by", "Places adjacent to Arizona", "Nevada Utah Colorado", "Baja California, Mexico Sonora, Mexico", "Topics related to Arizona", "The Grand Canyon State; The Copper State", "Phoenix (capital)", "Arizona Sun Corridor", "Coconino Plateau", "Mogollon Plateau", "Northeast Arizona", "Safford area", "Southern Arizona (Traditional Arizona)", "Mayors of cities with populations exceeding 100,000 in Arizona", "Greg Stanton (D)", "Jonathan Rothschild (D)", "John Giles (R)", "Jay Tibshraeny (R)", "(Chandler)", "Jerry Weiers (NP)", "(Glendale)", "Jim Lane (R)", "(Scottsdale)", "Jenn Daniels (R)", "Mark Mitchell (D)", "Cathy Carlat", "Sharon Wolcott (D)", "Protected areas of Arizona", "National Historical Parks,", "Historic Sites and Memorials", "Tumac\u00e1cori NHP", "Fort Bowie NHS", "Hubbell Trading Post NHS", "Coronado NMem", "Hohokam Pima", "Ironwood Forest", "National Conservation Areas", "Gila Box Riparian", "San Pedro Riparian", "Elden Pueblo", "Palatki Heritage Site", "V-Bar-V Heritage Site", "Bill Williams River", "Leslie Canyon", "See List of Arizona Wilderness Areas", "Buckskin Mountain", "Granite Mountain Hotshots Memorial", "Riordan Mansion", "Sonoita Creek", "Tubac Presidio", "Verde River Greenway", "Yuma Territorial Prison", "Powers Butte", "White Mountain Grasslands", "Phoenix Mountains Park and Recreation Area", "See List of National Natural Landmarks in Arizona", "See List of National Historic Landmarks in Arizona", "See National Register of Historic Places listings in Arizona", "Arizona State Parks (web)", "Sports teams based in Arizona", "Arizona Hawks", "Laredo Apaches", "Yuma Tejanos", "Tucson Sugar Skulls (2019)", "Phoenix Phantomz", "Sporting Arizona FC", "FC Arizona Women", "FC Tucson Women", "Phoenix Del Sol", "WFDTA", "Camelback Rugby Club", "Northern Arizona Rugby Football Club", "Old Pueblo Lions Rugby Football Club", "Tempe Rugby Club", "Tucson Magpies Rugby Football Club", "Yuma Rugby Football Club", "(NAIA)", "Benedictine University at Mesa", "(NJCAA)", "San Jose\u2013Oakland", "San Bernardino-Riverside", "Seven Years War \u2192", "Gaspar de Portol\u00e0", "Quechan", "Cochimi", "MusicBrainz: bf9353d8-da52-4fd9-8645-52b2349b4914", "SNAC: w6b09tzt", "Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arizona&oldid=884351317", "U.S. states with multiple time zones", "Articles containing Navajo-language text", "Articles containing O odham-language text" ] } ] }, "timestamp": null }, { "action": "Wizard => Apprentice", "text": "Arizona seems like a nice place to live.", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://az.gov/", "title": "Arizona", "content": [ "Playing Indoors", "Tour Arizona", "The Boulder Dam was dedicated on September 30, 1935 by President Roosevelt, The Mike O Callaghan\u2013Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge was completed on October 10th 2010 Hoover Dam and Mike O Callaghan\u2013Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge Ron Kroetz 05/25/2013", "Explore our historic past, vibrant present, and promising future", "Arizona in 2017 - More People, More Jobs Arizona Small-Business Growth Among the Strongest in the Nation Steve McClanahan 07/06/2013", "Locate, manage, and grow your business in Arizona, or join our highly skilled workforce", "AHSRA & AJHSRA Rodeo Season Opener \u2013 Payson Event Center. come watch cowboys and cowgirls from all over the State of Arizona, as AHSRA and AJHSRA converge and these cowboys and cowgirls kick off their 2017-2018 season AHSRA & AJHSRA Rodeo Season Opener \u2013 Payson Event Center | September 16th - 17th, 2017 Heeteraz 09/28/2011", "Learn more about the schools, neighborhoods, and citizen resources that elevate Arizona s quality of life", "Making memories for our Arizona families is what the State Fair is about. Arizona State Fair | October 6th - 29th 2017 Stulnaz 10/31/2008", "Experience the indoor and outdoor activities our unique state has to offer", "The new Arizona State Senate Chambers were dedicated on March 7th, 1960. Arizona State Senate Chambers | March 7th Cherie Stone 03/01/2016", "Access state services, connect with your government, and stay informed", "Arizona s Governor Arizona s Governor Unknown", "Visit the official website of Governor Doug Ducey", "Office of the Arizona Governor", "AZ Lottery" ] }, { "url": "https://www.visitarizona.com/", "title": "Official Travel Tourism Website Visit Arizona", "content": [ "Snow Play in Arizona", "Hit the powdery slopes and trails of these Arizona snow areas for a hefty dose of wintertime adventure.", "Fido-Friendly Attractions and Must-Dos", "All members of the family can enjoy a trip to Arizona at these pet-friendly attractions.", "Pima Air & Space Museum, Tucson", "Fun fact: With 14 communities and parks, Arizona is home to more certified Dark Sky Places than any other U.S. state!", "Most Popular Places In Arizona", "Get Inspired By Destinations Our Travelers Love", "Explore dining, resorts, the arts, shopping amid beautiful, hike-able desert scenery.", "Vast, magnificent and inarguably beautiful, the Grand Canyon is easily Arizona\u2019s most distinguishable landmark \u2013 and a natural wonder that you simply have to see to believe.", "Discover the world\u2019s longest stalactite formations just a short hop from Tucson, Arizona.", "13,000 years of human history, plus hiking, camping, and horseback riding.", "Year-round outdoor activities, a lively historic downtown, and easy access to the Grand Canyon.", "Want to add one of the grandest landmarks in the United States to your \u201cvisited\u201d list? Visit the surreal sandstone towers in Monument Valley Navajo Tribal Park.", "Hiking, art galleries, fine dining, metaphysical and personal enrichment amongst scenic red rocks.", "by Teresa Bitler", "Shop Local in Phoenix", "by Nora Burba Trulsson", "Food for a Cause: 5 Restaurants that Give Back", "by Jessica Dunham", "Exciting Arizona Destinations", "With so many adventures ahead of you, we\u2019re here to help you go the distance.", "Measure The Miles", "Select Starting City Ajo Ash Fork Benson Bisbee Casa Grande Chandler Clifton Coolidge Cottonwood Douglas Duncan Flagstaff Florence Fredonia Gila Bend Glendale Globe Grand Canyon Lake Havasu City Holbrook Hoover Dam Kingman Mesa Miami Nogales Page Parker Payson Phoenix Prescott Safford St. Johns Scottsdale Sedona Show Low Sierra Vista Springerville Superior Tempe Tombstone Tuba City Tucson Wickenburg Wilcox Williams Winkelman Winslow Yuma to Select Destination City Ajo Ash Fork Benson Bisbee Casa Grande Chandler Clifton Coolidge Cottonwood Douglas Duncan Flagstaff Florence Fredonia Gila Bend Glendale Globe Grand Canyon Lake Havasu City Holbrook Hoover Dam Kingman Mesa Miami Nogales Page Parker Payson Phoenix Prescott Safford St. Johns Scottsdale Sedona Show Low Sierra Vista Springerville Superior Tempe Tombstone Tuba City Tucson Wickenburg Wilcox Williams Winkelman Winslow Yuma", "North Central Northern Phoenix & Central Tucson & Southern West Coast", "The center of the state and the center of it all, this region is where big things happen. You\u2019ll find some of Arizona\u2019s largest cities and South Mountain Park, the largest municipal park in the United States, here. Plus: professional sports teams and award-winning chefs.", "Mesa \u00bb", "Picacho \u00bb", "Tempe \u00bb", "Wickenburg \u00bb" ] }, { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/place/Arizona-state", "title": "Arizona Geography Facts Map History Britannica", "content": [ "state, United States", "James W. Byrkit", "Melvin E. Hecht", "Alternative Title: Grand Canyon State", "Arizona, constituent state of the United States of America. Arizona is the sixth largest state in the country in terms of area. Its population has always been predominantly urban, particularly since the mid-20th century, when urban and suburban areas began growing rapidly at the expense of the countryside. Some scholars believe that the state\u2019s name comes from a Basque phrase meaning \u201cplace of oaks,\u201d while others attribute it to a Tohono O\u2019odham (Papago) Indian phrase meaning \u201cplace of the young (or little) spring.\u201d Arizona achieved statehood on February 14, 1912, the last of the 48 conterminous United States to be admitted to the union.", "Arizona is a land of contradictions. Although widely reputed for its hot low-elevation desert covered with cacti and creosote bushes, more than half of the state lies at an elevation of at least 4,000 feet (1,200 metres) above sea level, and it possesses the largest stand of evergreen ponderosa pine trees in the world. Arizona is well known for its waterless tracts of desert, but, thanks to many large man-made lakes, it has many more miles of shoreline than its reputation might suggest. Such spectacular landforms as the Grand Canyon and the Painted Desert have become international symbols of the region\u2019s ruggedness, yet Arizona\u2019s environment is so delicate that in many ways it is more threatened by pollution than are New York City and Los Angeles. Its romantic reputation as a wild desert and a place of old-fashioned close-to-the-earth simplicity is at variance with the fact that after the 1860s the state\u2019s economy became industrial and technological long before it was pastoral or agrarian.", "Sunset at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, southern Arizona. \u00a9 Digital Vision/Getty Images", "Tucson, Ariz. Jeremy Woodhouse/Getty Images", "Arizona is located in the southwestern quadrant of the conterminous states, bordered by California to the west, Nevada to the northwest, Utah to the north, New Mexico to the east, and the Mexican state of Sonora to the south. The Colorado River forms the boundary with California and Nevada. Phoenix, situated in the south-central part of the state, is the capital and largest city. Area 113,990 square miles (295,233 square km). Population (2010) 6,392,017; (2018 est.) 7,171,646.", "Plate tectonics\u2014the shifting of large, relatively thin segments of Earth\u2019s crust\u2014and stream erosion have done the most to create Arizona\u2019s spectacular topography. Specifically, the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate came into contact and created the major tectonic forces that uplifted, wrinkled, and stretched Arizona\u2019s geologic crust, forming its mountain ranges, basins, and high plateaus. Over the course of millennia, rivers and their tributaries have carved distinctive landforms on these surfaces.", "Arizona Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "United States: The SouthwestThe Southwest. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Arizona desert landscapes. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "To Arizona\u2019s two major physiographic divisions, the Colorado Plateau and the Basin and Range Province, geologists add the Transition Zone (or Central Highlands). The northeastern two-fifths of Arizona is part of the scenic Colorado Plateau. Far less rugged than adjacent portions of the plateau in Utah, these tablelands in Arizona consist mainly of plains interrupted by steplike escarpments. Although they are labeled mesas and plateaus, their ruggedness and inaccessibility have been exaggerated. The incomparable Grand Canyon of the Colorado River provides the major exception to what has proved to be an area easily traversed. Forest-clad volcanic mountains atop the plateaus provide the state\u2019s highest points: Humphreys Peak, 12,633 feet (3,851 metres), in the San Francisco Mountains, and Baldy Mountain, 11,403 feet (3,476 metres), in the White Mountains.", "Arizona physiographic regionsPhysiographic regions of Arizona. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Colorado Plateau and Grand Canyon, northern Arizona. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Vermilion Cliffs National Monument, northern Arizona. \u00a9 Index Open", "More than 200 miles (320 km) of the southern border of the Colorado Plateau is marked by a series of giant escarpments known collectively as the Mogollon Rim. West and south of the rim, a number of streams follow narrow canyons or broad valleys south through the Transition Zone and into the Basin and Range Province. The Transition Zone bordering the plateaus comprises separated plateau blocks, rugged peaks, and isolated rolling uplands so forbidding that they remained mostly unexplored until the late 19th century. The zone marks the ecological border between the low deserts and the forested highlands; it combines elements of both with, for example, the Spanish bayonet of the Sonoran Desert growing alongside the juniper characteristic of higher elevations.", "The Basin and Range region of the southern and western third of the state contains the bulk of the population but none of the large canyons and mesas for which Arizona is famous. It consists largely of broad, open-ended basins or valleys of gentle slope. Isolated northwest-to-southeast\u2013tending mountain ranges rise like islands in the desert plain.", "Contrary to desert stereotypes, sand dunes are nearly nonexistent, and stony desert surfaces are seldom visible except in the far southwestern portion of the state. The younger soils of river floodplains provide the more-desirable soils for agriculture.", "Virtually all of Arizona lies within the Colorado River drainage system. The Gila River, with its major feeder streams\u2014the Salt and the Verde\u2014is by far the Colorado\u2019s main Arizona tributary.", "Colorado River in Marble Canyon, northeastern end of Grand Canyon National Park, northwestern Arizona. \u00a9 Gary Ladd", "Gila RiverGila River, southeastern Arizona. \u00a9 Nathan Chor/Shutterstock.com", "The Black, White, and Verde rivers are the primary perennial tributaries of the Salt River, which enters the Gila River southwest of Phoenix. Only during the infrequent\u2014and occasionally devastating\u2014flood periods does runoff water advance downstream past the numerous dams built on the Salt\u2019s system. The Gila River rises in that part of the Mogollon Rim located in western New Mexico, and it includes another and smaller Mogollon Rim tributary, the San Francisco River. Two intermittent southern Arizona streams, the Santa Cruz and San Pedro rivers, flow northward into the Gila, while two other intermittent streams, the Agua Fria and Hassayampa rivers, drain central Arizona southward into the Gila. Dams and irrigation systems, except on rare occasions, leave the Gila River dry for most of its length.", "The Little Colorado River\u2014which drains the Mogollon Rim\u2019s lee side and flows from southeast to northwest into the Colorado River between Marble Canyon and the Grand Canyon\u2014draws and transports little water from its large watershed. Because of the rain shadow effect on the Mogollon Rim\u2019s lee side, the Little Colorado usually is no more than a trickle and often is dry. Several other small and intermittent streams, such as the Bill Williams River, drain a large but arid part of western Arizona.", "About half of Arizona is semiarid, one-third is arid, and the remainder is humid. The Basin and Range region has the arid and semiarid subtropical climate that attracts most winter visitors and new residents. January days in Phoenix receive more than four-fifths of the possible sunshine and have a mean maximum temperature of 65 \u00b0F (18 \u00b0C). Occasional light frosts occur at most locations in the Basin and Range region in winter, and some precipitation interrupts the exceedingly dry springs and mildly dry falls. Daily maximum readings average 106 \u00b0F (41 \u00b0C) in Phoenix in July, and nighttime temperatures drop to an average of 81 \u00b0F (27 \u00b0C).", "Snow in Monument Valley Navajo Tribal Park, Arizona. Robert Glusic/Getty Images", "Moisture-laden air from the Gulf of California and the eastern Pacific Ocean appears in July, bringing more than two months of irregular but sometimes heavy thundershowers that are locally referred to as the \u201csummer monsoon.\u201d Phoenix and Tucson receive about 1 inch (25 mm) of precipitation in July and about 3 inches (75 mm) total throughout the summer months. Winter rains come from the Pacific.", "The Colorado Plateau has cool to cold winters and a semiarid climate. Average mile-high elevations and direct exposure to polar air masses can produce January mean high and low temperatures as divergent as the 46 \u00b0F (8 \u00b0C) and 19 \u00b0F (\u2212 7 \u00b0C), respectively, in Winslow. Year-round temperatures in Flagstaff are generally 30 \u00b0F (17 \u00b0C) cooler than those of Phoenix. Most of the region receives from 10 to 15 inches (250 to 375 mm) of precipitation annually, with the Mogollon Rim and White Mountains receiving the state\u2019s largest average, 25 inches (625 mm).", "Because of the great diversity of relief within the Transition Zone, climatic conditions there vary widely over small areas. Much of Arizona\u2019s humid area lies in this zone and in the adjacent high southern edge of the Colorado Plateau. There, perennial streams flowing through shaded riparian corridors contribute to atmospheric moisture, resulting in temperatures that are several degrees cooler than those of the nearby deserts.", "Considering the variety in relief and climate, it is not surprising to find similar diversity in the state\u2019s vegetation. About one-tenth of Arizona is forested, one-fourth is woodland, one-fourth is grassland, and the rest is desert shrub. Elevations above 6,000 to 7,000 feet (1,800 to 2,100 metres) host forests of ponderosa pine, topped in the highest areas by Douglas and other firs, spruces, and aspen. From 4,500 to 7,500 feet (1,375 to 2,300 metres) in the northern half of the state, pi\u00f1on pine and juniper predominate, while evergreen oak and chaparral grow between 4,000 and 6,000 feet (1,400 and 1,800 metres) in the central mountains. Plains grasses cover about one-third of the Colorado Plateau, and Sonoran or desert grass carpets the higher elevations of the basins. Mesquite trees have invaded many former grasslands in the south. Cacti grow throughout the state, with the greatest variety below 2,000 feet (600 metres). Foothills in the Tucson-Phoenix area carry giant saguaro cacti of the Sonoran Desert, matched in areas of the northwest Basin and Range by dramatic stands of Joshua trees. Shrubs dominate the lowest portions of all areas: big sagebrush and saltbush in the Colorado Plateau, creosote bush in the Basin and Range.", "Saguaros (Carnegiea gigantea) in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, southwestern Arizona, U.S. \u00a9 Corbis", "Adaptation of desert plants to harsh conditions. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Plant life in the Sonoran Desert, Saguaro National Park, southern Arizona, U.S. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Animal life is even more varied, with representatives of the Rocky Mountain, Great Plains, and Mexican ecological communities. Important larger mammals are black bears, deer, desert bighorns, antelope, and wapiti (elk). The tropical coatimundi, a raccoonlike mammal, has spread northward into Arizona, while the javelina, or peccary (wild pig), is a favourite game animal in the south. Among the several cats, the bobcat and the mountain lion (puma) are most characteristic of Arizona. Coyotes, skunks, and porcupines abound, as do cottontails, jackrabbits, and several varieties of foxes. The state\u2019s southern border area lies along a major flyway and is rich in birdlife, which attracts thousands of watchers. Game birds include turkeys and a variety of quails, doves, and waterfowl. Among native fish are the Arizona trout and the Colorado squawfish. Venomous animals include rattlesnakes, scorpions, and Gila monsters.", "coatimundiWhite-nosed coatimundi, Tucson Mountain Park, Arizona. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) on their nest protected within the prickly branches of a cactus in the Sonoran Desert, Arizona, U.S. \u00a9 C.K. Lorenz, The National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers", "Arizona mountain kingsnakeA small Arizona mountain kingsnake coiled on a large rock. \u00a9 Rusty Dodson/Shutterstock.com", "The indigenous peoples of Arizona are renowned for their rich cultural diversity. However, since the 19th century, the urbanized segments of the state have been cultural outposts that have more obviously reflected tastes, fashions, speech, religious preferences, political attitudes, and life-styles that have come from such diverse localities as Chicago, New York City, Washington, D.C., San Francisco, and Los Angeles.", "Until the latter half of the 19th century, except for very small and scattered groups of indigenous peoples, almost all of central and northern Arizona remained uninhabited. Most of the Spanish occupation of the state was tentative at best and, owing to the constant danger posed by actively hostile Apache bands, remained confined to a few intermittently occupied missions, presidios, and ranches in the Santa Cruz valley, south of Tucson.", "At the time of Arizona\u2019s acquisition (as part of New Mexico; see Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo) by the United States in 1848, fewer than 1,000 people of Hispanic origin lived in Arizona. Not until the 20th century did the number of Hispanic residents in Arizona soar. Today most are Mexicans or descendants of Mexicans who have arrived since 1900. Relations between Mexican Americans and Anglos (a term used by Hispanics for English-speaking whites) have at times been strained in Arizona, but in general the two ethnic groups have a history of cordiality that has often been absent in other border states. While some communities have Mexican barrios (ethnic quarters, often characterized by severe poverty), most Mexican Americans in Arizona live in a variety of neighbourhoods and participate fully in the state\u2019s business, political, and social life. Intermarriage with Anglos is common. Although Mexican food, building styles, home furnishings, clothing, social customs, and music have been incorporated into the Arizona lifestyle and are widely shared by longtime residents, the great majority of people (most of whom are relative newcomers to the state from other parts of the country) have been affected by Mexican culture in only a superficial way. If anything, the Mexican American population has been attracted to mainstream American culture.", "Although the Native American peoples of Arizona, since the time of the Spanish conquistadores, have been subjugated, badly exploited, and abused\u2014much as they were elsewhere\u2014this did not cause the total annihilation or permanent displacement of their population. The culture of Native Americans is very much in evidence in Arizona, although they constitute less than one-tenth of the total population. Native Americans are grouped into 15 tribes on 17 reservations that range in size from the 85-acre (34-hectare) Tonto Apache reserve to the 23,400-square-mile (60,600-square-km) reserve (nearly three-fifths of which lies in Arizona) of the Navajo. The latter tribe, numbering about 100,000 in Arizona, is deeply involved in directing the development of its land and people, and the tribal government assumes complete responsibility in many areas of Navajo social and economic life. Among the remaining tribes the best known are the legendary Apache and the much-studied Hopi. The Tohono O\u2019odham and the Akimel O\u2019odham (Pima) peoples have also received much attention in the anthropological and historical literature. Less well known are the Havasupai, who live at the bottom of the Grand Canyon, the Hualapai, the Yaqui, and the Yavapai. (For more information on the Havasupai, Hualapai, and Yavapai, see Yuman.)", "Navajo Indian Reservation, Arizona, U.S. David McNew/Getty Images", "Arizona\u2019s African American population constitutes only a small proportion of the state\u2019s total. Most of Arizona\u2019s cities and towns include predominantly African American neighbourhoods, the result of de facto housing segregation. The state voluntarily desegregated its schools in the early 1940s. Asians and Pacific Islanders are growing in numbers but still constitute the smallest minorities in the state.", "Despite Arizona\u2019s romantic image as a land of picturesque ghost towns and mining camps, isolated ranches, Native American reservations, and bucolic cotton and citrus farms, virtually all of its population is concentrated in urban areas. Three-fifths of the state\u2019s people live in just one of the state\u2019s 15 counties\u2014Maricopa, where Phoenix is located. Of the 15 counties, 6 collectively contain four-fifths of the state\u2019s population. Only a small number of people live on farms and ranches. Most towns and cities have low population densities.", "Phoenix, ArizonaPhoenix, Arizona. \u00a9 welcomia/Shutterstock.com", "Buildings of adobe can be seen in the older inhabited areas of southern Arizona, while Flagstaff and Prescott\u2014northern Arizona cities settled by New Englanders in the 1860s and \u201970s\u2014have Victorian-style houses that reflect the traditions and preferences of their first inhabitants.", "Prescott, Ariz., c. 1866. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.", "Phoenix is the primary trade centre of the state. Its central location, extensive agricultural economy, and attractive vacation and retirement amenities have caused it to become one of the largest and fastest-growing urban areas in the Southwest. Tucson, while older and smaller, has acted as a doorway to Mexico and maintains well-developed commercial and medical ties with Sonora and other northern states of Mexico. Since 1970, its population growth rate has rivaled that of Phoenix.", "Downtown Phoenix, Ariz. Adalberto Rios Lanz/Sexto Sol/Getty Images", "Tucson, ArizonaDowntown Tucson, Arizona, U.S. \u00a9 Kobby Dagan/Shutterstock.com", "In the early 21st century Arizona\u2019s population experienced dramatic growth at almost three times the national rate. Just over a quarter of the population was under age 18. Some of the new residents, as in the past, were \u201csnowbirds,\u201d retirees who spend the winter in the comparatively warm desert and return to other domiciles when the weather turns hot. So-called \u201cwhite flight\u201d from California and out-migration from declining industrial areas in the Midwestern and Eastern United States accounted for many arrivals of working age. Still other newcomers were lured by opportunities in the metropolitan areas, whose economies were beginning to mature to include desirable high-paying jobs. An untold number arrived illegally, most from Mexico and Central America, and filled the ranks of the state\u2019s low-paid service and agricultural sectors. The overall population was projected to reach 10 million by the year 2027.", "Before World War II the focus of Arizona\u2019s economy was primary production\u2014mineral extraction, lumbering, cattle raising, and crop growing. Since the late 1940s the focus has shifted toward manufacturing industry and services, the economy becoming one that better represents the country\u2019s growing affluence and technology. This is especially true of the Phoenix area, where a vibrant high-technology economy has arisen.", "Biosphere 2Biosphere 2, located in Oracle, Arizona, U.S., shown in 2008. The facility was originally developed to study survivability and assess whether humans were capable of building and living in self-sustaining colonies in outer space. It was later used as a scientific research facility. Carol M. Highsmith s America/Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (LC-DIG-highsm-04715)", "Good soil, plenty of irrigation water, and a long growing season enable Arizona to produce cotton, alfalfa, and a variety of grains, vegetables, fruits, and nuts. Arizona continues to be one of the country\u2019s leading cotton producers. For many years citrus growing has remained an important and expanding part of the state\u2019s economy, and, more recently, wine producers have been successful growing a number of varietal grapes. Livestock products include beef, dairy goods, and poultry and eggs. The average size of farms in Arizona is larger than that in any other state, and farmers and ranchers use more than four-fifths of the state\u2019s water.", "Cotton field near Coolidge, Ariz. \u00a9 Richard Cummins/Corbis", "Metallic ores such as copper, zinc, and, to a modest degree, silver and gold traditionally have brought revenue to the state. Coal from the Black Mesa area of the Native American reservations in northeastern Arizona is important, since coal-fired stations generate much of the electricity for the southwestern United States; the northeastern area also produces a small amount of petroleum, as well as large quantities of uranium.", "Since the 1880s, northern Arizona\u2019s massive stands of ponderosa pine have supplied a strong lumber and pulp-paper industry in the state. Rich alluvial soils, particularly in Yuma, Pinal, Pima, and Maricopa counties, have supported large and profitable agricultural operations. The state\u2019s attractive climate and landscape can also be counted among its most valuable resources.", "The natural geographic corridor created by the Colorado Plateau together with its Mogollon Rim escarpment has made possible Arizona\u2019s irrigation projects and most of the state\u2019s hydroelectric power, including that generated by the Roosevelt, Hoover, and Glen Canyon dams. Altogether, nearly a dozen dams control the Mogollon Rim\u2019s runoff, impounding and diverting the water to provide flood control and lakes for water storage. This hydrologic pattern has been a source of much political and legal trouble for Arizona, including years of litigation with California over rights to water from the Colorado River system. The state\u2019s internal sharing of water is also a major problem because groundwater has been depleted, particularly around Phoenix and Tucson, and there are no new sources of surface water. Cities have found it necessary to buy water rights from distant areas, and litigation involving municipalities, Native American tribes, and federal agencies over water rights is increasingly common.", "Hoover DamThe Hoover Dam on the Colorado River, Arizona-Nevada border, U.S. \u00a9 Ron Gatepain", "Glen Canyon DamGlen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River, near Page, Arizona, U.S. AdstockRF", "Between 1880 and 1950 the production of copper remained by far the most important industry in Arizona. Arizona is still the leading copper-producing state in the country, but manufacturing has grown to become the state\u2019s most important basic industry, notably in electronics, communications, aeronautics, and aluminum. Although this growth has brought one of the most dynamic and affluent economies in the nation, many of Arizona\u2019s outlying counties, particularly those with large Native American populations, remain among the poorest areas in the country.", "copper mineCopper mine near Tucson, Arizona. \u00a9 GalinaSt/Fotolia", "Tourism and retirement", "Urban and industrial expansion have so polluted major areas of Arizona that it no longer serves as the refuge it once did for sick people seeking pure air. The climate, scenery, and casual lifestyle, however, still attract millions of visitors each year, and the state has become a popular retirement centre, particularly in the lower desert areas. Large retirement communities such as Sun City, near Phoenix, and Green Valley, near Tucson, have continued to grow.", "Like other western states, Arizona has not emphasized the development of mass transit systems, and state and municipal governments struggle to build sufficient roads to accommodate a swelling population. It has long been so. The state\u2019s earliest service industry was long-distance cartage over rough desert and mountain country; in modern times, the five interstate highways that pass through Arizona are crowded with heavy trucks. These highways generally follow historic roads, most of which were established along Native American trade routes and accommodated stagecoaches and freight carriers. The railroads followed in the later 19th century, with well-established east-west routes passing through southern and northern Arizona, but there was little service to the rugged interior. A greater focus on mass transit development was evident in the state\u2019s larger cities in the early 21st century. A light-rail system that served Phoenix and the surrounding areas began operating in 2008, and Tucson launched a streetcar service in 2014.", "Highways winding through Salt River Canyon, Arizona. Herb and Dorothy McLaughlin", "Phoenix, Arizona: light-rail trainLight-rail train in Phoenix, Arizona. \u00a9 You Touch Pix of EuToch/Shutterstock.com", "Surface transportation is generally organized on the model of southern California, with streets on a grid pattern punctuated by freeways and highways. Within the cities some attention has been given to the development of bicycle paths. Phoenix\u2019s Sky Harbor International Airport offers nonstop international and domestic flights; Tucson International Airport provides more-limited nonstop flights; and Flagstaff and Yuma airports have fewer still. Many other towns have airports capable of accommodating small jet aircraft, and there are numerous military airfields as well.", "Phoenix, Arizona: freewayFreeway in Phoenix, Arizona. \u00a9 Andrew Zarivny/Shutterstock.com", "Next page Government and society", "United States: The Barack Obama administration", "\u2026constitutionality of the provision of Arizona\u2019s controversial 2010 immigration law that required police to check the legal status of anyone they stop for another law enforcement concern if they reasonably suspect that person to be in the United States illegally; however, the court struck down three of the law\u2019s provisions,\u2026", "Native American: Reorganization", "\u2026to this trend occurred in Arizona and New Mexico, which withheld enfranchisement until 1948 and granted it only after a lengthy lawsuit.\u2026", "\u2026in the present-day states of Arizona and New Mexico.\u2026", "same-sex marriage: United States", "\u2026Proposition 8 were approved in Arizona and Florida in 2008 and in North Carolina in 2012.\u2026", "In flag of Arizona", "In United States: The Barack Obama administration", "In United States Presidential Election of 2008: February 5: Super Tuesday", "In same-sex marriage: United States", "In Arizona: History", "In gas chamber", "Native American history and suffrage", "In Native American: Reorganization", "In Arizona: Land", "In Southwest", "Maps of World - Arizona, United States", "CRW Flags - Flag of Arizona, United States", "Smithsonian Channel - How Was the Grand Canyon Formed?", "National Weather Service - The Monsoon", "Official Site of the State of Arizona, United States", "NETSTATE - Arizona, United States", "Arizona - Children s Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11)", "Arizona - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)", "flag of Arizona", "Seal of Arizona", "Arizona s state bird is the cactus wren.", "The blossom of the saguaro cactus is Arizona s state flower.", "Doug Ducey (Republican)", "Grand Canyon State", "Ditat Deus (God Enriches)", "Coues\u2019 cactus wren", "Martha McSally (Republican)", "Kyrsten Sinema (Democrat)", "Seats in U.S. House of Representatives", "Mountain (GMT \u2212 7 hours)", "1Excluding military abroad.", "Stewart Lee Udall", "Morris King (\u201cMo\u201d) Udall", "Carl T. Hayden", "Walpi", "List of U.S. states dates of admission to the union", "List of cities and towns in the United States", "Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District", "Statehood and growth", "Development of commercial agriculture", "Population influx" ] }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/state/az/index.htm", "title": "Arizona U S National Park Service", "content": [ "Alerts & Conditions \u00bb", "Basic Information \u00bb", "Explore the mystery and complexity of an extended network of communities and irrigation canals. An Ancient Sonoran Desert People s farming community and Great House are preserved at Casa Grande Ruins. Whether the Casa Grande was a gathering place for the Desert People or simply a waypoint marker in an extensive system of canals and trading partners is but part of the mystique of the Ruins", "National Memorial", "It was a journey of conquest filled with exploration, wonder - and cruelty. Inspired by tales of vast cities of gold, 339 European soldiers and hundreds of Aztec allies embarked on an epic journey through arid deserts and rugged mountains. They encountered rich traditions and brought new technologies. The resulting collision and combination of cultures reverberates today.", "Fort Bowie witnessed almost 25 years of conflict between the Chiricahua Apache and the US Army, and remains a tangible connection to the turbulent era of the late 1800s. Explore the history of Fort Bowie and Apache Pass as you hike the 1.5 mile trail to the visitor center and old fort ruins. Today, this peaceful landscape stands in stark contrast to the violence that once gripped this land.", "Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, AZ,UT", "Encompassing over 1.25 million acres, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area offers unparalleled opportunities for water-based & backcountry recreation. The recreation area stretches for hundreds of miles from Lees Ferry in Arizona to the Orange Cliffs of southern Utah, encompassing scenic vistas, geologic wonders, and a vast panorama of human history.", "Unique combinations of geologic color and erosional forms decorate a canyon that is 277 river miles (446km) long, up to 18 miles (29km) wide, and a mile (1.6km) deep. Grand Canyon overwhelms our senses through its immense size. South Rim is open all year. North Rim is closed for the winter. 2019 is the Centennial of Grand Canyon National Park.", "The squeaky wooden floor greets your entry into the oldest operating trading post on the Navajo Nation. When your eyes adjust to the dim light in the bullpen you find you\u2019ve just entered a mercantile. Hubbell Trading Post has been serving Ganado selling goods and Native American Art since 1878. Discover Hubbell Trading Post NHS, where history is made every day!", "Nogales, AZ to San Francisco, CA, AZ,CA", "\u00a1Vayan Subiendo! ( Everyone mount up! ) was the rousing call from Juan Bautista de Anza. In 1775-76, he led some 240 men, women, and children on an epic journey to establish the first non-Native settlement at San Francisco Bay. Today, the 1,200-mile Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail connects history, culture, and outdoor recreation from Nogales, Arizona, to the San Francisco Bay Area.", "the Mojave Desert, AZ,NV", "Boat, hike, cycle, camp and fish at America\u2019s most diverse national recreation area. With striking landscapes and brilliant blue waters, this year-round playground spreads across 1.5 million acres of mountains, canyons, valleys and two vast lakes. See the Hoover Dam from the waters of Lake Mead or Lake Mohave, or find solitude in one of the park s nine wilderness areas.", "Black Mesa, AZ", "The Puebloan Ancestors built Tsegi Phase villages within the natural sandstone alcoves of our canyons. Betatakin, Keet Seel, and Inscription House are the three cliff dwelling sites that are tucked away in the alcoves. These villages, which date from AD 1250 to 1300, thrill all who visit with original architectural elements such as masonry walls, roof beams, and pictographs.", "AZ,CA,CO,NV,NM,UT", "Follow the routes of mule pack trains across the Southwest on the Old Spanish National Historic Trail between Santa Fe, New Mexico, and Los Angeles, California. New Mexican traders moved locally produced merchandise across what are now six states to exchange for mules and horses.", "Look closely. Look again. The sights and sounds of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, an International Biosphere Reserve, reveal a thriving community of plants and animals. Human stories echo throughout this desert preserve, chronicling thousands of years of desert living. A scenic drive, wilderness hike or a night of camping will expose you to a living desert that thrives.", "Take a lonely and rocky two-track road in a 4x4 to the edge of the Grand Wash Cliffs. Find a stunning solitary vista deep into the Grand Canyon. Relax in the shade of ponderosas at Mt. Trumbull. Touch ancient waters at Pakoon Springs in one of the driest places in the world. Parashant is remote. There are no crowds here. Be equipped to leave pavement, cell service, and the 21st century behind.", "Did you know that Petrified Forest is more spectacular than ever? While the park has all the wonders known for a century, there are many new adventures and discoveries to share. There are backcountry hikes into areas never open before such as Red Basin and little known areas like the Martha s Butte. There are new exhibits that bring the stories to life. Come rediscover Petrified Forest!", "Current Conditions \u00bb", "Beneath vermilion cliffs, American Indians, Mormon ranchers, plants, animals, and many others have depended on the life-giving water found at the desert oasis at Pipe Spring. Learn about settler and Kaibab Paiute life by exploring the museum, historic fort and cabins, garden, and Ridge Trail. Visit with rangers and ranch animals, and attend living history demonstrations and talks.", "Sunset Crater Volcano", "The cinder cone volcano s rim is the dusky red of sunset, but the crater is only part of the story. Around 1085 the ground began to shake, and lava spewed high into the air. When the eruption finished, it had changed both the landscape and the people who lived here. Today, it teaches how nature and humankind affect each other\u2014and how rebirth and renewal happen in the wake of disaster.", "Tumac\u00e1cori", "Tumac\u00e1cori, AZ", "Tumac\u00e1cori sits at a cultural crossroads in the Santa Cruz River valley. Here O\u2019odham, Yaqui, and Apache people met and mingled with European Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries, settlers, and soldiers, sometimes in conflict and sometimes in cooperation. Follow the timeworn paths and discover stories that connect us to enduring relationships, vibrant cultures, and traditions of long ago.", "Crowning a desert hilltop is an ancient pueblo. A child scans the desert landscape for the arrival of traders. What riches will they bring? What stories will they tell? From the rooftop of the Tuzigoot pueblo it is easy to imagine such a moment. The pueblo shows us this ancient village built by the Sinagua people. They were farmers and artists with trade connections that spanned hundreds of miles.", "Come gaze across curved canyon walls! Among the remarkable geological formations of the canyon itself, the former homes of ancient inhabitants are easily evident. Along the trails you can imagine life within Walnut Canyon, while visiting actual pueblos and walking in the steps of those who came before.", "13,321,857 Visitors to National Parks", "$1,114,700,000 Economic Benefit from National Park Tourism \u00bb", "$64,635,613 of Land & Water Conservation Fund Appropriated for Projects (since 1965) \u00bb", "$31,115,406 in Historic Preservation Grants (since 1969) \u00bb", "30 Certified Local Governments \u00bb", "81 Community Conservation & Recreation Projects (since 1987) \u00bb", "866 Acres Transferred by Federal Lands to Parks for Local Parks and Recreation (since 1948) \u00bb", "204,886 Hours Donated by Volunteers \u00bb", "1 National Heritage Area \u00bb", "2 National Trails Managed by NPS \u00bb", "1,463 National Register of Historic Places Listings \u00bb", "46 National Historic Landmarks \u00bb", "10 National Natural Landmarks \u00bb", "1 World Heritage Site \u00bb", "608 Places Recorded by Heritage Documentation Programs \u00bb", "10,836,520 Objects in National Park Museum Collections \u00bb", "12,607 Archeological Sites in National Parks \u00bb", "22 Threatened & Endangered Species in National Parks \u00bb", "3 Teaching with Historic Places Lesson Plans \u00bb", "9 Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itineraries \u00bb", "Print the summary \u00bb", "These numbers are just a sample of the National Park Service s work. Figures are for the fiscal year that ended 9/30/2017.", "Get Your America the Beautiful Pass!" ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona", "title": "Arizona Wikipedia", "content": [ "This article is about the U.S. state of Arizona. For other uses, see Arizona (disambiguation).", "The Grand Canyon State;", "The Copper State;", "The Valentine State", "Motto(s): Ditat Deus (God enriches)", "State song(s): The Arizona March Song and Arizona", "Spanish 19.5%", "Navajo 1.9%", "Arizonan[1]", "113,990[2] sq mi", "31\u00b0 20\u2032 N to 37\u00b0 N", "109\u00b0\u200a03\u2032 W to 114\u00b0 49\u2032 W", "Ranked 33rd", "$52,248 [3] (33rd)", "Humphreys Peak[4][5][6]", "Colorado River at the Sonora border[5][6]", "February 14, 1912 (48th)", "Doug Ducey (R)", "Katie Hobbs (D)", "4 Republicans (list)", "Mountain: UTC \u22127 (no DST)", "Mountain: UTC \u22127/\u22126", "US-AZ", "AZ, Ariz.", "www.az.gov", "The Flag of Arizona", "The Seal of Arizona", "Arizona tree frog", "Arizona ridge-nosed rattlesnake", "Blue, old gold", "Colt Single Action Army revolver", "Saguaro cactus flowers and buds after a wet winter. This is Arizona s official state flower.", "Arizona (/\u02cc\u00e6r\u026a\u02c8zo\u028an\u0259/ ( listen); Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation: [x\u00f2\u02d0zt\u00f2 x\u0251\u0300x\u00f2\u02d0ts\u00f2]; O odham: Al\u012d \u1e63onak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [\u02e1a\u027ai \u02e1\u0282onak]) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states. It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona, one of the Four Corners states, is bordered by New Mexico to the east, Utah to the north, Nevada and California to the west, and Mexico to the south, as well as the southwestern corner of Colorado. Arizona s border with Mexico is 389 miles (626 km) long, on the northern border of the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California.", "Arizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union, achieving statehood on February 14, 1912, coinciding with Valentine s Day. Historically part of the territory of Alta California in New Spain, it became part of independent Mexico in 1821. After being defeated in the Mexican\u2013American War, Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848. The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase.", "Southern Arizona is known for its desert climate, with very hot summers and mild winters. Northern Arizona features forests of pine, Douglas fir, and spruce trees; the Colorado Plateau; some mountain ranges (such as the San Francisco Mountains); as well as large, deep canyons, with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff, Alpine, and Tucson. In addition to the Grand Canyon National Park, there are several national forests, national parks, and national monuments.", "About one-quarter of the state[7] is made up of Indian reservations that serve as the home of 27 federally recognized Native American tribes, including the Navajo Nation, the largest in the state and the United States, with more than 300,000 citizens. Although federal law gave all Native Americans the right to vote in 1924, Arizona excluded those living on reservations in the state from voting until the state Supreme Court ruled in favor of Native American plaintiffs in Trujillo v. Garley (1948).[8][9]", "3 Geography and geology", "3.1 Earthquakes", "3.2 Adjacent states", "5.1 Race and ethnicity", "5.3 Cities and towns", "6.2 Largest employers", "7.1.1 Interstate highways", "7.1.2 U.S. routes", "7.2 Public transportation, Amtrak, and intercity bus", "7.3 Aviation", "8.1 Capitol complex", "8.2 State legislative branch", "8.3 State executive branch", "8.4 State judicial branch", "8.6 Federal representation", "8.8 Same-sex marriage and Civil unions", "9.1 Elementary and secondary education", "9.3 Public universities in Arizona", "9.4 Private colleges and universities in Arizona", "9.5 Community colleges", "10 Art and culture", "10.1 Visual arts and museums", "10.2 Film", "10.4.1 College sports", "11.1 Notable people", "11.2 State symbols", "The state s name appears to originate from an earlier Spanish name, Arizonac, derived from the O odham name al\u012d \u1e63onak, meaning small spring , which initially applied only to an area near the silver mining camp of Planchas de Plata, Sonora.[10][11][12][13] To the European settlers, their pronunciation sounded like Arissona .[14] The area is still known as al\u012d \u1e63onak in the O odham language.[15] Another possible origin is the Basque phrase haritz ona ( the good oak ), as there were numerous Basque sheepherders in the area.[16][17][18]", "There is a misconception that the state s name originated from the Spanish term \u00c1rida Zona ( Arid Zone ).[14]", "Find sources: Arizona \u2013 news \u00b7 newspapers \u00b7 books \u00b7 scholar \u00b7 JSTOR (February 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)", "Main article: History of Arizona", "The North Rim of the Grand Canyon", "The South Rim of the Grand Canyon", "For thousands of years before the modern era, Arizona was home to numerous Native American tribes. Hohokam, Mogollon and Ancestral Puebloan cultures were among the many that flourished throughout the state. Many of their pueblos, cliffside dwellings, rock paintings and other prehistoric treasures have survived, attracting thousands of tourists each year.", "La conquista del Colorado, by Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau, depicts Francisco V\u00e1zquez de Coronado s 1540\u20131542 expedition", "The first European contact by native peoples was with Marcos de Niza, a Spanish Franciscan, in 1539. He explored parts of the present state and made contact with native inhabitants, probably the Sobaipuri. The expedition of Spanish explorer Coronado entered the area in 1540\u20131542 during its search for C\u00edbola. Few Spanish settlers migrated to Arizona. One of the first settlers in Arizona was Jos\u00e9 Romo de Vivar.[19]", "Father Kino was the next European in the region. A member of the Society of Jesus ( Jesuits ), he led the development of a chain of missions in the region. He converted many of the Indians to Christianity in the Pimer\u00eda Alta (now southern Arizona and northern Sonora) in the 1690s and early 18th century. Spain founded presidios ( fortified towns ) at Tubac in 1752 and Tucson in 1775.", "When Mexico achieved its independence from the Kingdom of Spain and its Spanish Empire in 1821, what is now Arizona became part of its Territory of Nueva California, ( New California ), also known as Alta California ( Upper California ).[20] Descendants of ethnic Spanish and mestizo settlers from the colonial years still lived in the area at the time of the arrival of later European-American migrants from the United States.", "Mexico in 1824. Alta California is the northwestern-most state.", "During the Mexican\u2013American War (1847\u20131848), the U.S. Army occupied the national capital of Mexico City and pursued its claim to much of northern Mexico, including what later became Arizona Territory in 1863 and later the State of Arizona in 1912. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) specified that, in addition to language and cultural rights of the existing inhabitants of former Mexican citizens being considered as inviolable, the sum of US$15 million dollars in compensation (equivalent to $434,365,384.62 in 2018.) be paid to the Republic of Mexico.[21] In 1853, the U.S. acquired the land south below the Gila River from Mexico in the Gadsden Purchase along the southern border area as encompassing the best future southern route for a transcontinental railway.", "What is now known as the state of Arizona was initially administered by the United States government as part of the Territory of New Mexico until the southern part of that region seceded from the Union to form the Territory of Arizona.[22] This newly established territory was formally organized by the Confederate States government on Saturday, January 18, 1862, when President Jefferson Davis approved and signed An Act to Organize the Territory of Arizona,[23] marking the first official use of the name Territory of Arizona . The Southern territory supplied the Confederate government with men, horses, and equipment. Formed in 1862, Arizona scout companies served with the Confederate States Army during the Civil War. Arizona has the westernmost military engagement on record during the Civil War with the Battle of Picacho Pass.", "Geronimo (far right) and his Apache warriors fought against both Mexican and American settlers.", "The Federal government declared a new U.S. Arizona Territory, consisting of the western half of earlier New Mexico Territory, in Washington, D.C., on February 24, 1863. These new boundaries would later form the basis of the state. The first territorial capital, Prescott, was founded in 1864 following a gold rush to central Arizona.[24] The capital was later moved to Tucson, back to Prescott, and then to its final location in Phoenix in a series of controversial moves as different regions of the territory gained and lost political influence with the growth and development of the territory.[25]", "Although names including Gadsonia, Pimeria, Montezuma and Arizuma had been considered for the territory,[26] when 16th President Abraham Lincoln signed the final bill, it read Arizona, and that name was adopted. (Montezuma was not derived from the Aztec emperor, but was the sacred name of a divine hero to the Pima people of the Gila River Valley. It was probably considered\u2014and rejected\u2014for its sentimental value before Congress settled on the name Arizona. )", "Brigham Young, patriarchal leader of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Salt Lake City in Utah, sent Mormons to Arizona in the mid- to late 19th century. They founded Mesa, Snowflake, Heber, Safford, and other towns. They also settled in the Phoenix Valley (or Valley of the Sun ), Tempe, Prescott, and other areas. The Mormons settled what became northern Arizona and northern New Mexico. At the time these areas were located in a part of the former New Mexico Territory.", "Children of Depression-era migrant workers, Pinal County, 1937", "20th century to present[edit]", "During the Mexican Revolution from 1910 to 1920, several battles were fought in the Mexican towns just across the border from Arizona settlements. Throughout the revolution, numerous Arizonans enlisted in one of the several armies fighting in Mexico. Only two significant engagements took place on U.S. soil between U.S. and Mexican forces: Pancho Villa s 1916 Columbus Raid in New Mexico, and the Battle of Ambos Nogales in 1918 in Arizona. The Americans won the latter.", "After U.S. soldiers were fired on by Mexican federal troops, the American garrison launched an assault into Nogales, Mexico. The Mexicans eventually surrendered after both sides sustained heavy casualties. A few months earlier, just west of Nogales, an Indian War battle had occurred, considered the last engagement in the American Indian Wars, which lasted from 1775 to 1918. U.S. soldiers stationed on the border confronted Yaqui Indians who were using Arizona as a base to raid the nearby Mexican settlements, as part of their wars against Mexico.", "Arizona became a U.S. state on February 14, 1912. Arizona was the 48th state admitted to the U.S. and the last of the contiguous states to be admitted.", "Eleanor Roosevelt at the Gila River relocation center, April 23, 1943", "Cotton farming and copper mining, two of Arizona s most important statewide industries, suffered heavily during the Great Depression. But during the 1920s and even the 1930s, tourism began to develop as the important Arizonan industry it is today. Dude ranches, such as the K L Bar and Remuda in Wickenburg, along with the Flying V and Tanque Verde in Tucson, gave tourists the chance to take part in the flavor and activities of the Old West. Several upscale hotels and resorts opened during this period, some of which are still top tourist draws. They include the Arizona Biltmore Hotel in central Phoenix (opened 1929) and the Wigwam Resort on the west side of the Phoenix area (opened 1936).", "Arizona was the site of German POW camps during World War II and Japanese-American internment camps. Because of wartime fears of Japanese invasion of the West Coast, the government authorized the removal of all Japanese-American residents from western Washington, western Oregon, all of California, and western Arizona. From 1942 to 1945, they were forced to reside in internment camps built in the interior of the country. Many lost their homes and businesses in the process. The camps were abolished after World War II.", "The Phoenix-area German P.O.W. site was purchased after the war by the Maytag family (of major home appliance fame). It was developed as the site of the Phoenix Zoo. A Japanese-American internment camp was located on Mount Lemmon, just outside the state s southeastern city of Tucson. Another POW camp was located near the Gila River in eastern Yuma County.", "Arizona was also home to the Phoenix Indian School, one of several federal Indian boarding schools designed to assimilate Native American children into mainstream European-American culture. Children were often enrolled into these schools against the wishes of their parents and families. Attempts to suppress native identities included forcing the children to cut their hair, to take and use English names, to speak only English, and to practice Christianity rather than their native religions.[27]", "Numerous Native Americans from Arizona fought for the United States during World War II. Their experiences resulted in a rising activism in the postwar years to achieve better treatment and civil rights after their return to the state. After Maricopa County did not allow them to register to vote, in 1948 veteran Frank Harrison and Harry Austin, of the Mojave-Apache Tribe at Fort McDowell Indian Reservation, brought a legal suit, Harrison and Austin v. Laveen, to challenge this exclusion. The Arizona Supreme Court ruled in their favor.[9]", "Arizona s population grew tremendously with residential and business development after World War II, aided by the widespread use of air conditioning, which made the intensely hot summers more comfortable. According to the Arizona Blue Book (published by the Arizona Secretary of State s office each year), the state population in 1910 was 294,353. By 1970, it was 1,752,122. The percentage growth each decade averaged about 20% in the earlier decades, and about 60% each decade thereafter.", "In the 1960s, retirement communities were developed. These were special age-restricted subdivisions catering exclusively to the needs of senior citizens; they attracted many retirees who wanted to escape the harsh winters of the Midwest and the Northeast. Sun City, established by developer Del Webb and opened in 1960, was one of the first such communities. Green Valley, south of Tucson, was another such community, designed as a retirement subdivision for Arizona s teachers. Many senior citizens from across the U.S. and Canada come to Arizona each winter and stay only during the winter months; they are referred to as snowbirds.", "In March 2000, Arizona was the site of the first legally binding election ever held over the internet to nominate a candidate for public office.[28] In the 2000 Arizona Democratic Primary, under worldwide attention, Al Gore defeated Bill Bradley. Voter turnout in this state primary increased more than 500% over the 1996 primary.", "Three ships named USS Arizona have been christened in honor of the state, although only USS Arizona (BB-39) was so named after statehood was achieved.", "Geography and geology[edit]", "Main article: Geography of Arizona", "K\u00f6ppen climate types of Arizona", "West Mitten at Monument Valley", "Blue Mesa at Petrified Forest National Park", "The San Francisco Peaks seen from Bellemont", "Sonoran Desert at Saguaro National Park", "Cathedral Rock near Red Rock Crossing in Sedona", "See also lists of counties, islands, rivers, lakes, state parks, national parks, national forests, and volcanic craters.", "Arizona is in the Southwestern United States as one of the Four Corners states. Arizona is the sixth largest state by area, ranked after New Mexico and before Nevada. Of the state s 113,998 square miles (295,000 km2), approximately 15% is privately owned. The remaining area is public forest and park land, state trust land and Native American reservations.", "Arizona is well known for its desert Basin and Range region in the state s southern portions, which is rich in a landscape of xerophyte plants such as the cactus. This region s topography was shaped by prehistoric volcanism, followed by the cooling-off and related subsidence. Its climate has exceptionally hot summers and mild winters. The state is less well known for its pine-covered north-central portion of the high country of the Colorado Plateau (see Arizona Mountains forests).", "Like other states of the Southwest United States, Arizona has an abundance of mountains and plateaus. Despite the state s aridity, 27% of Arizona is forest,[29] a percentage comparable to modern-day France or Germany[citation needed]. The world s largest stand of ponderosa pine trees is in Arizona.[30]", "The Mogollon Rim, a 1,998-foot (609 m) escarpment, cuts across the state s central section and marks the southwestern edge of the Colorado Plateau. In 2002, this was an area of the Rodeo\u2013Chediski Fire, the worst fire in state history.", "Located in northern Arizona, the Grand Canyon is a colorful, deep, steep-sided gorge, carved by the Colorado River. The canyon is one of the seven natural wonders of the world and is largely contained in the Grand Canyon National Park\u2014one of the first national parks in the United States. President Theodore Roosevelt was a major proponent of designating the Grand Canyon area as a National Park, often visiting to hunt mountain lion and enjoy the scenery. The canyon was created by the Colorado River cutting a channel over millions of years, and is about 277 miles (446 km) long, ranges in width from 4 to 18 miles (6 to 29 km) and attains a depth of more than 1 mile (1.6 km). Nearly two billion years of the Earth s history have been exposed as the Colorado River and its tributaries cut through layer after layer of sediment as the Colorado Plateau uplifted.", "Arizona is home to one of the most well-preserved meteorite impact sites in the world. Created around 50,000 years ago, the Barringer Meteorite Crater (better known simply as Meteor Crater ) is a gigantic hole in the middle of the high plains of the Colorado Plateau, about 25 miles (40 km) west of Winslow. A rim of smashed and jumbled boulders, some of them the size of small houses, rises 150 feet (46 m) above the level of the surrounding plain. The crater itself is nearly 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) wide, and 570 feet (170 m) deep.", "Arizona is one of two U.S. states that does not observe Daylight Saving Time (the other being Hawaii). The exception is within the large Navajo Nation (which observes Daylight Saving Time), in the state s northeastern region.", "Earthquakes[edit]", "Generally, Arizona is at low risk of earthquakes, except for the southwestern portion which is at moderate risk due to its proximity to southern California. On the other hand, northern Arizona is at moderate risk due to numerous faults in the area. The regions near and west of Phoenix have the lowest risk.[31]", "The earliest Arizona earthquakes were recorded at Fort Yuma, on the California side of the Colorado River. They were centered near the Imperial Valley, or Mexico, back in the 1800s. Residents in Douglas felt the 1887 Sonora earthquake with its epicenter 40 miles to the south in the Mexican state of Sonora.[32] The first damaging earthquake known to be centered within Arizona occurred on January 25, 1906, also including a series of other earthquakes centered near Socorro, New Mexico. The shock was violent in Flagstaff.", "In September 1910, a series of 52 earthquakes caused a construction crew near Flagstaff to leave the area. In 1912, the year Arizona achieved statehood, on August 18, an earthquake caused a 50-mile crack in the San Francisco Range. In early January 1935, the state experienced a series of earthquakes, in the Yuma area and near the Grand Canyon. Arizona experienced its largest earthquake in 1959, with a tremor of a magnitude 5.6. It was centered near Fredonia, in the state s northwest near the border with Utah. The tremor was felt across the border in Nevada and Utah.[32]", "Adjacent states[edit]", "Utah (north)", "Colorado (northeast)", "Nevada (northwest)", "Sonora, Mexico (south)", "Baja California, Mexico (southwest)", "New Mexico (east)", "Due to its large area and variations in elevation, the state has a wide variety of localized climate conditions. In the lower elevations, the climate is primarily desert, with mild winters and extremely hot summers. Typically, from late fall to early spring, the weather is mild, averaging a minimum of 60 \u00b0F (16 \u00b0C). November through February are the coldest months, with temperatures typically ranging from 40 to 75 \u00b0F (4 to 24 \u00b0C), with occasional frosts.[33]", "About midway through February, the temperatures start to rise, with warm days, and cool, breezy nights. The summer months of June through September bring a dry heat from 90 to 120 \u00b0F (32 to 49 \u00b0C), with occasional high temperatures exceeding 125 \u00b0F (52 \u00b0C) having been observed in the desert area.[33] Arizona s all-time record high is 128 \u00b0F (53 \u00b0C) recorded at Lake Havasu City on June 29, 1994, and July 5, 2007; the all-time record low of \u221240 \u00b0F (\u221240 \u00b0C) was recorded at Hawley Lake on January 7, 1971.", "Due to the primarily dry climate, large diurnal temperature variations occur in less-developed areas of the desert above 2,500 ft (760 m). The swings can be as large as 83 \u00b0F (46 \u00b0C) in the summer months. In the state s urban centers, the effects of local warming result in much higher measured night-time lows than in the recent past.", "Arizona has an average annual rainfall of 12.7 in (323 mm),[34] which comes during two rainy seasons, with cold fronts coming from the Pacific Ocean during the winter and a monsoon in the summer.[35] The monsoon season occurs toward the end of summer. In July or August, the dewpoint rises dramatically for a brief period. During this time, the air contains large amounts of water vapor. Dewpoints as high as 81 \u00b0F (27 \u00b0C)[36] have been recorded during the Phoenix monsoon season. This hot moisture brings lightning, thunderstorms, wind, and torrential, if usually brief, downpours. These downpours often cause flash floods, which can turn deadly. In an attempt to deter drivers from crossing flooding streams, the Arizona Legislature enacted the Stupid Motorist Law. It is rare for tornadoes or hurricanes to occur in Arizona.", "Arizona s northern third is a plateau at significantly higher altitudes than the lower desert, and has an appreciably cooler climate, with cold winters and mild summers, though the climate remains semiarid to arid. Extremely cold temperatures are not unknown; cold air systems from the northern states and Canada occasionally push into the state, bringing temperatures below 0 \u00b0F (\u221218 \u00b0C) to the state s northern parts.", "Indicative of the variation in climate, Arizona is the state which has both the metropolitan area with the most days over 100 \u00b0F (38 \u00b0C) (Phoenix), and the metropolitan area in the lower 48 states with the most days with a low temperature below freezing (Flagstaff).[37]", "Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected cities in Arizona[38]", "December (\u00b0F)", "December (\u00b0C)", "Phoenix 106/83 41/28 66/45 19/7", "Tucson 100/74 38/23 65/39 18/4", "Yuma 107/82 42/28 68/46 20/8", "Flagstaff 81/51 27/11 42/17 6/\u20138", "Prescott 89/60 32/16 51/23 11/\u20135", "Kingman 98/66 37/19 56/32 13/0", "Main article: Demographics of Arizona", "A population density map of Arizona", "Sources: 1910\u20132010[39]", "Note that early censuses", "Native Americans in Arizona", "The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Arizona was 7,171,646 on July 1, 2018, a 12.20% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[40]", "Arizona remained sparsely settled for most of the 19th century.[41] The 1860 census reported the population of Arizona County to be 6,482, of whom 4,040 were listed as Indians , 21 as free colored , and 2,421 as white .[42][43] Arizona s continued population growth puts an enormous stress on the state s water supply.[44] As of 2011[update], 61.3% of Arizona s children under the age of 1 belonged to minority groups.[45]", "The population of metropolitan Phoenix increased by 45.3% from 1991 through 2001, helping to make Arizona the second fastest-growing state in the U.S. in the 1990s (the fastest was Nevada).[46] As of July 2017[update], the population of the Phoenix area is estimated to be over 4.7 million.", "According to the 2010 United States Census, Arizona had a population of 6,392,017. In 2010, illegal immigrants constituted an estimated 7.9% of the population. This was the second highest percentage of any state in the U.S.[47][48]", "Metropolitan Phoenix (4.7 million) and Tucson (1 million) are home to about five-sixths of Arizona s people (as of the 2010 census). Metro Phoenix alone accounts for two-thirds of the state s population.", "Race and ethnicity[edit]", "In 1980, the Census Bureau reported Arizona s population as 16.2% Hispanic, 5.6% Native American, and 74.5% non-Hispanic white.[49] In 2010, the racial makeup of the state was:", "4.6% Native American and Alaska Native", "4.1% Black or African American", "11.9% from some other race", "3.4% from two or more races.", "Hispanics or Latinos of any race made up 29.6% of the state s population. Non-Hispanic whites formed 57.8% of the total population.[50]", "Arizona racial breakdown of population", "White 90.6% 80.8% 75.5% 73.0%", "Native 5.4% 5.5% 5.0% 4.6%", "Black 3.0% 3.0% 3.1% 4.1%", "Native Hawaiian and", "other Pacific Islander \u2013 \u2013 0.1% 0.2%", "Other race 0.5% 9.1% 11.6% 11.9%", "Two or more races \u2013 \u2013 2.9% 3.4%", "Arizona s five largest ancestry groups, as of 2009[update], were:[54]", "Mexican (27.4%);", "German (16.0%);", "Irish (10.8%);", "English (10.1%);", "Italian (4.6%).", "Top 10 non-English languages spoken in Arizona", "(as of 2010)[55]", "Navajo 1.48%", "German 0.39%", "Vietnamese 0.30%", "Other North American indigenous languages (especially indigenous languages of Arizona) 0.27%", "French 0.26%", "Arabic 0.24%", "Apache 0.18%", "Extent of the Spanish language in the state of Arizona", "As of 2010[update], 72.90% (4,215,749) of Arizona residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a primary language, while 20.80% (1,202,638) spoke Spanish, 1.48% (85,602) Navajo, 0.39% (22,592) German, 0.39% (22,426) Chinese (which includes Mandarin), 0.33% (19,015) Tagalog, 0.30% (17,603) Vietnamese, 0.27% (15,707) Other North American Indigenous Languages (especially indigenous languages of Arizona), and French was spoken as a main language by 0.26% (15,062) of the population over the age of five. In total, 27.10% (1,567,548) of Arizona s population age 5 and older spoke a mother language other than English.[55]", "Arizona is home to the largest number of speakers of Native American languages in the 48 contiguous states, as over 85,000 individuals reported speaking Navajo,[56] and 10,403 people reported Apache, as a language spoken at home in 2005.[56] Arizona s Apache County has the highest concentration of speakers of Native American Indian languages in the United States.[57]", "View of suburban development in Scottsdale, 2006", "Art Deco doors of the Cochise County Courthouse in Bisbee", "See also: List of places in Arizona, List of cities and towns in Arizona, and List of Arizona counties", "Phoenix, located in Maricopa County, is the capital and the largest city in Arizona. Other prominent cities in the Phoenix metro area include Mesa (the third largest city in Arizona), Chandler (the fourth largest city in Arizona), Glendale, Peoria, Buckeye, Sun City, Sun City West, Fountain Hills, Surprise, Gilbert, El Mirage, Avondale, Tempe, Tolleson and Scottsdale, with a total metropolitan population of just over 4.7 million.[58] The average high temperature in July, 106 \u00b0F (41 \u00b0C), is one of the highest of any metropolitan area in the United States, offset by an average January high temperature of 67 \u00b0F (19 \u00b0C), the basis of its winter appeal.", "Tucson, with a metro population of just over one million, is the state s second-largest city. It is located in Pima County, approximately 110 miles (180 km) southeast of Phoenix. Tucson was incorporated in 1877, making it the oldest incorporated city in Arizona. It is home to the University of Arizona. Major incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. It has an average July temperature of 100 \u00b0F (38 \u00b0C) and winter temperatures averaging 65 \u00b0F (18 \u00b0C). Saguaro National Park, just west of the city in the Tucson Mountains, is the locale of the largest collection of Saguaro cacti in the world.", "The Prescott metropolitan area includes the cities of Prescott, Cottonwood, Camp Verde and numerous other towns spread out over the 8,123 square miles (21,000 km2) of Yavapai County area. With 212,635 residents, this cluster of towns forms the third largest metropolitan area in the state. The city of Prescott (population 41,528) lies approximately 100 miles (160 km) northwest of the Phoenix metropolitan area. Situated in pine tree forests at an elevation of about 5,500 feet (1,700 m), Prescott enjoys a much cooler climate than Phoenix, with average summer highs around 88 \u00b0F (31 \u00b0C) and winter temperatures averaging 50 \u00b0F (10 \u00b0C).", "Yuma is center of the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Arizona. Located in Yuma County, it is near the borders of California and Mexico. It is one of the hottest cities in the United States, with an average July high of 107 \u00b0F (42 \u00b0C). (The same month s average in Death Valley is 115 \u00b0F (46 \u00b0C).) The city features sunny days about 90% of the year. The Yuma Metropolitan Statistical Area has a population of 160,000. Yuma attracts many winter visitors from all over the United States.", "Flagstaff, in Coconino County, is the largest city in northern Arizona, and is at an elevation of nearly 7,000 feet (2,100 m). With its large Ponderosa pine forests, snowy winter weather and picturesque mountains, it is a stark contrast to the desert regions typically associated with Arizona. It is sited at the base of the San Francisco Peaks, the highest mountain range in the state of Arizona, which contain Humphreys Peak, the highest point in Arizona at 12,633 feet (3,851 m). Flagstaff has a strong tourism sector, due to its proximity to numerous tourist attractions including: Grand Canyon National Park, Sedona, and Oak Creek Canyon. Historic U.S. Route 66 is the main east-west street in the town. The Flagstaff metropolitan area is home to 134,421 residents and the main campus of Northern Arizona University.", "Lake Havasu City, in Mohave County, known as Arizona s playground, was developed on the Colorado River and is named after Lake Havasu. Lake Havasu City has a population of about 53,000 people. It is famous for huge spring break parties, sunsets and the London Bridge, relocated from London, England. Lake Havasu City was founded by real estate developer Robert P. McCulloch in 1963.[59] It has two colleges, Mohave Community College and ASU Colleges in Lake Havasu City.[60]", "Largest cities or towns in Arizona", "Tucson 1 Phoenix Maricopa 1,626,078 11 Yuma Yuma 95,502", "2 Tucson Pima 535,677 12 San Tan Valley Pinal 93,000", "3 Mesa Maricopa 496,401 13 Avondale Maricopa 84,025", "4 Chandler Maricopa 253,458 14 Goodyear Maricopa 79,858", "5 Scottsdale Maricopa 249,950 15 Casas Adobes Pima 74,000", "6 Glendale Maricopa 246,709 16 Flagstaff Coconino 71,975", "7 Gilbert Maricopa 242,354 17 Buckeye Maricopa 68,453", "8 Tempe Maricopa 185,038 18 Casa Grande Pinal 55,477", "9 Peoria Maricopa 168,181 19 Lake Havasu City Mohave 54,411", "10 Surprise Maricopa 134,085 20 Catalina Foothills Pima 54,000", "The Spanish mission of San Xavier del Bac, founded in 1700", "Religion in Arizona (2014)[62]", "As of the year 2010, the Association of Religion Data Archives reported that the three largest denominational groups in Arizona were the Catholic Church, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints and non-denominational Evangelical Protestants. The Catholic Church has the highest number of adherents in Arizona (at 930,001), followed by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with 410,263 members reported[63] and then non-denominational Evangelical Protestants, reporting 281,105 adherents.[64] The religious body with the largest number of congregations is The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (with 836 congregations[65]) followed by the Southern Baptist Convention (with 323 congregations).", "According to the Association of Religion Data Archives, the fifteen largest denominations by number of adherents in 2010 and 2000 were:[66][67]", "Catholic Church 930,001 974,884", "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 410,263 251,974", "Non-denominational Christian 281,105 63,885[nb 1]", "Southern Baptist Convention 126,830 138,516", "Assemblies of God 123,713 82,802", "United Methodist Church 54,977 53,232", "Christian Churches and Churches of Christ 48,386 33,162", "Evangelical Lutheran Church in America 42,944 69,393", "Lutheran Church\u2013Missouri Synod 26,322 24,977", "Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) 26,078 33,554", "Episcopal Church (United States) 24,853 31,104", "Seventh-day Adventist Church 20,924 11,513", "Church of the Nazarene 16,991 18,143", "Lutheran Congregations in Mission for Christ 14,350 0", "Churches of Christ 14,151 14,471", "Regarding non-Christian denominations, Hinduism became the largest non-Christian religion (when combining all denominations) in 2010, with over 32,000 adherents in several denominations, followed by Judaism with over 20,000 in three denominations, and Buddhism with over 19,000 adherents in several denominations.[66][68][69]", "Arizona s Meteor Crater is a tourist attraction.", "See also: Arizona locations by per capita income", "The 2011 total gross state product was $259 billion. This figure gives Arizona a larger economy than such countries as Ireland, Finland, and New Zealand. The composition of the state s economy is moderately diverse; although health care, transportation and the government remain the largest sectors.", "The state s per capita income is $40,828, ranking 39th in the U.S. The state had a median household income of $50,448, making it 22nd in the country and just below the U.S. national mean.[70] Early in its history, Arizona s economy relied on the five C s : copper (see Copper mining in Arizona), cotton, cattle, citrus, and climate (tourism). Copper is still extensively mined from many expansive open-pit and underground mines, accounting for two-thirds of the nation s output.", "Employment[edit]", "The state government is Arizona s largest employer, while Banner Health is the state s largest private employer, with over 39,000 employees (2016). As of March 2016[update], the state s unemployment rate was 5.4%.[71]", "The top employment sectors in Arizona are (August 2014, excludes agriculture):", "Employees (thousands)", "Trade, transportation, and utilities 488.6", "Government 408.5", "Education and health services 392.1", "Professional and business services 384.2", "Leisure and hospitality 286.4", "Financial activities 193.2", "Manufacturing 156.0", "Other services 88.2", "Information 41.8", "Mining and logging 13.7", "Largest employers[edit]", "According to The Arizona Republic, the largest private employers in the state as of 2016[update] were:[72]", "1 Banner Health 39,781 Health care", "2 Walmart Stores, Inc. 34,856 Discount retailer", "3 Kroger Co. 16,856 Grocery stores", "4 McDonald s Corp. 15,781 Food service", "5 Wells Fargo & Co. 15,071 Financial services", "6 Albertsons Inc. 14,490 Grocery stores, retail drugstores", "7 Intel Corp. 11,300 Semiconductor manufacturing", "8 HonorHealth 10,600 Health care", "9 (tie) American Airlines 10,000 Airline", "Home Depot Inc. 10,000 Retail home improvement", "Honeywell International Inc. 10,000 Aerospace manufacturing", "12 Bank of America Corp. 9,800 Financial services", "13 Raytheon Co. 9,600 Defense (missile manufacturing)", "14 JP Morgan Chase & Co. 9,500 Financial services", "15 Bashas Supermarkets 8,525 Grocery stores", "16 Target Corp. 8,241 Discount retailer", "17 Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. 8,030 Mining", "18 Dignity Health 8,000 Health care", "19 CVS Health 7,200 Pharmaceutical services (including retail drugstores)", "20 American Express Co. 7,079 Financial services", "21 Circle K Corp. 6,800 Convenience stores", "22 UnitedHealthcare 6,000 Health care", "23 Pinnacle West Capital Corp. 6,407 Electric utility", "24 Mayo Foundation 6,274 Health care", "25 Amazon.com 6,000 Online Shopping", "Arizona collects personal income taxes in five brackets: 2.59%, 2.88%, 3.36%, 4.24% and 4.54%.[73] The state transaction privilege tax is 5.6%; however, county and municipal sales taxes generally add an additional 2%.", "The state rate on transient lodging (hotel/motel) is 7.27%. The state of Arizona does not levy a state tax on food for home consumption or on drugs prescribed by a licensed physician or dentist. However, some cities in Arizona do levy a tax on food for home consumption.", "All fifteen Arizona counties levy a tax. Incorporated municipalities also levy transaction privilege taxes which, with the exception of their hotel/motel tax, are generally in the range of 1-to-3%. These added assessments could push the combined sales tax rate to as high as 10.7%.", "0 \u2013 $10,000 2.590% 0 \u2013 $20,000 2.590%", "$10,000 \u2013 $25,000 2.880% $20,001 \u2013 $50,000 2.880%", "$25,000 \u2013 $50,000 3.360% $50,001 \u2013 $100,000 3.360%", "$50,000 \u2013 $150,001 4.240% $100,000 \u2013 $300,001 4.240%", "$150,001 + 4.540% $300,001 + 4.540%", "Main article: Transportation in Arizona", "Entering Arizona on I-10 from New Mexico", "Interstate highways[edit]", "I-8 | I-10 | Future I-11 | I-15 | I\u201117 | I\u201119 | I-40", "U.S. routes[edit]", "US 60 | US 64 | US 70 | US 89 | US 91 | US 93 | US 95 | US 160 | US 163 | US 180 | US 191", "Main interstate routes include I-17, and I-19 traveling north-south, I-8, I-10, and I-40, traveling east-west, and a short stretch of I-15 traveling northeast\u2013southwest through the extreme northwestern corner of the state. In addition, the various urban areas are served by complex networks of state routes and highways, such as the Loop 101, which is part of Phoenix s vast freeway system.", "Public transportation, Amtrak, and intercity bus[edit]", "The Phoenix and Tucson metropolitan areas are served by public bus transit systems. Yuma and Flagstaff also have public bus systems. Greyhound Lines serves Phoenix, Tucson, Flagstaff, Yuma, and several smaller communities statewide.", "A Navajo man on horseback in Monument Valley", "A light rail system, called Valley Metro Rail, was completed in December 2008; it connects Central Phoenix with the nearby cities of Mesa and Tempe.", "In Tucson, the Sun Link streetcar system travels through the downtown area, connecting the main University of Arizona campus with Mercado San Agustin on the western edge of downtown Tucson. Sun Link, loosely based on the Portland Streetcar, launched in July 2014.[74]", "Amtrak Southwest Chief route serves the northern part of the state, stopping at Winslow, Flagstaff, Williams and Kingman. The Texas Eagle and Sunset Limited routes serve South-Central Arizona, stopping at Tucson, Maricopa, Yuma and Benson. Phoenix lost Amtrak service in 1996 with the discontinuation of the Desert Wind, and now an Amtrak bus runs between Phoenix and the station in Maricopa.", "See also: List of passenger train stations in Arizona", "See also: List of airports in Arizona", "Airports with regularly scheduled commercial flights include: Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (IATA: PHX, ICAO: KPHX) in Phoenix (the largest airport and the major international airport in the state); Tucson International Airport (IATA: TUS, ICAO: KTUS) in Tucson; Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport (IATA: AZA, ICAO: KIWA) in Mesa; Yuma International Airport (IATA: NYL, ICAO: KNYL) in Yuma; Prescott Municipal Airport (PRC) in Prescott; Flagstaff Pulliam Airport (IATA: FLG, ICAO: KFLG) in Flagstaff, and Grand Canyon National Park Airport (IATA: GCN, ICAO: KGCN, FAA: GCN), a small, but busy, single-runway facility providing tourist flights, mostly from Las Vegas. Phoenix Sky Harbor is currently 7th busiest airport in the world in terms of aircraft movements, and 17th for passenger traffic.[75][76]", "Other significant airports without regularly scheduled commercial flights include Scottsdale Municipal Airport (IATA: SCF, ICAO: KSDL) in Scottsdale, and Deer Valley Airport (IATA: DVT, ICAO: KDVT, FAA: DVT) home to two flight training academies and the nation s busiest general aviation airport.[77]", "Main article: Government of Arizona", "See also: Arizona Constitution, United States congressional delegations from Arizona, List of Arizona Governors, Political party strength in Arizona, and Arizona Revised Statutes", "Capitol complex[edit]", "The original Arizona State Capitol, Phoenix", "The state capital of Arizona is Phoenix. The original Capitol building, with its distinctive copper dome, was dedicated in 1901 (construction was completed for $136,000 in 1900), when the area was still a territory. Phoenix became the official state capital with Arizona s admission to the union in 1912.", "The House of Representatives and Senate buildings were dedicated in 1960, and an Executive Office Building was dedicated in 1974 (the ninth floor of this building is where the Office of the Governor is located). The original Capitol building was converted into a museum.", "The Capitol complex is fronted and highlighted by the richly landscaped Wesley Bolin Memorial Plaza, named after Wesley Bolin, a governor who died in office in the 1970s. Numerous monuments and memorials are on the site, including the anchor and signal mast from the USS Arizona (one of the U.S. Navy ships sunk in Pearl Harbor) and a granite version of the Ten Commandments.", "State legislative branch[edit]", "The Arizona Legislature is bicameral (like the legislature of every other state except Nebraska) and consists of a thirty-member Senate and a 60-member House of Representatives. Each of the thirty legislative districts has one senator and two representatives. Legislators are elected for two-year terms.", "Each Legislature covers a two-year period. The first session following the general election is known as the first regular session, and the session convening in the second year is known as the second regular session. Each regular session begins on the second Monday in January and adjourns sine die (terminates for the year) no later than Saturday of the week in which the 100th day from the beginning of the regular session falls. The President of the Senate and Speaker of the House, by rule, may extend the session up to seven additional days. Thereafter, the session can only be extended by a majority vote of members present of each house.", "The current majority party is the Republican Party, which has held power in both houses since 1993.", "Arizona state senators and representatives are elected for two-year terms and are limited to four consecutive terms in a chamber, though there is no limit on the total number of terms. When a lawmaker is term-limited from office, it is not uncommon for him or her to run for election in the other chamber.", "The fiscal year 2006\u201307 general fund budget, approved by the Arizona Legislature in June 2006, is slightly less than $10 billion. Besides the money spent on state agencies, it also includes more than $500 million in income- and property tax cuts, pay raises for government employees, and additional funding for the K\u201312 education system.", "State executive branch[edit]", "State of Arizona elected officials", "Governor Doug Ducey (R)", "Secretary of State Katie Hobbs (D)", "Attorney General Mark Brnovich (R)", "State Treasurer Kimberley Yee (R)", "Superintendent of Public Instruction Kathy Hoffman (D)", "State Mine Inspector Joe Hart (R)", "Corporation Commissioner", "Sandra Kennedy (D)", "Bob Burns (R)", "Boyd Dunn (R)", "Justin Olson (R)", "Arizona s executive branch is headed by a governor, who is elected to a four-year term. The governor may serve any number of terms, though no more than two in a row. Arizona is one of the few states that does not maintain a governor s mansion. During office the governors reside within their private residence, and all executive offices are housed in the executive tower at the state capitol. The current governor of Arizona is Doug Ducey (R).", "Former Governor Jan Brewer assumed office after Janet Napolitano had her nomination by Barack Obama for Secretary of Homeland Security confirmed by the United States Senate.[78] Arizona has had four female governors, more than any other state.", "Other elected executive officials include the Secretary of State, State Treasurer, State Attorney General, Superintendent of Public Instruction, State Mine Inspector and a five-member Corporation Commission. All elected officials hold a term of four years, and are limited to two consecutive terms (except the office of the State Mine Inspector, which is limited to 4 terms[79]).", "Arizona is one of five states that do not have a specified lieutenant governor. The secretary of state is the first in line to succeed the governor in the event of death, disability, resignation, or removal from office. The line of succession also includes the attorney general, state treasurer and superintendent of public instruction. Since 1977, four secretaries of state and one attorney general have risen to Arizona s governorship through these means.", "State judicial branch[edit]", "The Arizona Supreme Court is the highest court in Arizona. The court currently consists of one chief justice, a vice chief justice, and three associate justices. Justices are appointed by the governor from a list recommended by a bipartisan commission, and are re-elected after the initial two years following their appointment. Subsequent re-elections occur every six years. The supreme court has appellate jurisdiction in death penalty cases, but almost all other appellate cases go through the Arizona Court of Appeals beforehand. The court has original jurisdiction in a few other circumstances, as outlined in the state constitution. The court may also declare laws unconstitutional, but only while seated en banc. The court meets in the Arizona Supreme Court Building at the capitol complex (at the southern end of Wesley Bolin Plaza).", "The Arizona Court of Appeals, further divided into two divisions, is the intermediate court in the state. Division One is based in Phoenix, consists of sixteen judges, and has jurisdiction in the Western and Northern regions of the state, along with the greater Phoenix area. Division Two is based in Tucson, consists of six judges, and has jurisdiction over the Southern regions of the state, including the Tucson area. Judges are selected in a method similar to the one used for state supreme court justices.", "Each county of Arizona has a superior court, the size and organization of which are varied and generally depend on the size of the particular county.", "Arizona is divided into political jurisdictions designated as counties. There are 15 counties in the state, ranging in size from 1,238 square miles (3,210 km2) to 18,661 square miles (48,330 km2).", "2010 population[80]", "Area (sq. mi.)", "Apache St. Johns 1879 71,518 1.12 % 11,218 9.84 %", "Cochise Bisbee 1881 131,346 2.05 % 6,219 5.46 %", "Coconino Flagstaff 1891 134,421 2.10 % 18,661 16.37 %", "Gila Globe 1881 53,597 0.84 % 4,796 4.21 %", "Graham Safford 1881 37,220 0.58 % 4,641 4.07 %", "Greenlee Clifton 1909 8,437 0.13 % 1,848 1.62 %", "La Paz Parker 1983 20,489 0.32 % 4,513 3.96 %", "Maricopa Phoenix 1871 3,817,117 59.72 % 9,224 8.09 %", "Mohave Kingman 1864 200,186 3.13 % 13,470 11.82 %", "Navajo Holbrook 1895 107,449 1.68 % 9,959 8.74 %", "Pima Tucson 1864 980,263 15.34 % 9,189 8.06 %", "Pinal Florence 1875 375,770 5.88 % 5,374 4.71 %", "Santa Cruz Nogales 1899 47,420 0.74 % 1,238 1.09 %", "Yavapai Prescott 1864 211,033 3.30 % 8,128 7.13 %", "Yuma Yuma 1864 195,751 3.06 % 5,519 4.84 %", "Totals: 15 6,392,017 113,997", "Federal representation[edit]", "Arizona s two United States Senators are Kyrsten Sinema (D) and Martha McSally (R). McSally was appointed by Governor Ducey to succeed acting senator Jon Kyl to fill the spot formerly occupied by the late six-term senior Senator John McCain, who died August 25, 2018. Senator McSally, will serve in office until a special election in 2020.", "As of the start of the 115th Congress, Arizona s representatives in the United States House of Representatives are Tom O Halleran (D-1), Ann Kirkpatrick (D-2), Raul Grijalva (D-3), Paul Gosar (R-4), Andy Biggs (R-5), David Schweikert (R-6), Ruben Gallego (D-7), Debbie Lesko (R-8), and Greg Stanton (D-9). Arizona gained a ninth seat in the House of Representatives due to redistricting based on Census 2010.", "2016 49.15% 1,240,656 45.35% 1,144,709", "See also: Elections in Arizona, Political party strength in Arizona", "Voter registration and party enrollment as of October 28, 2016[update][81]", "Republican 1,239,614 34.54%", "Independent 1,219,297 33.98%", "Democratic 1,091,323 30.41%", "Libertarian Party 31,358 0.87%", "Green Party 6,894 0.19%", "Party registration by county:", "Democrat >= 30%", "Republican >= 30%", "Unaffiliated\u2014<30%", "From statehood through the late 1940s, Arizona was primarily dominated by the Democratic Party. During this time period, the Democratic candidate for the presidency carried the state each election, with the only exceptions being the elections of 1920, 1924 and 1928\u2014all three of which were national Republican landslides.", "In 1924, Congress had passed a law granting citizenship and suffrage to all Native Americans, some of whom had previously been excluded as members of tribes on reservations. Legal interpretations of Arizona s constitution prohibited Native Americans living on reservations from voting, classifying them as being under guardianship. [9] This interpretation was overturned as being incorrect and unconstitutional in 1948 by the Arizona Supreme Court, following a suit by World War II Indian veterans Frank Harrison and Harry Austin, both of the Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation. The landmark case is Harrison and Austin v. Laveen. After the men were refused the opportunity to register in Maricopa County, they filed suit against the registrar. The National Congress of American Indians, the Department of Justice, the Department of the Interior, and the American Civil Liberties Union all filed amicus curiae (friends of the court) briefs in the case. The State Supreme Court established the rights of Native Americans to vote in the state; at the time, they comprised about 11% of the population.[9] That year, a similar provision was overturned in New Mexico when challenged by another Indian veteran in court. These were the only two states that had continued to prohibit Native Americans from voting.[8][9]", "Since the election of Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952, the majority of state voters have favored Republicans in presidential elections. Arizona voted Republican in every presidential election from 1952 to 1992, with Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan winning the state by particularly large margins. During this forty-year span, it was the only state not to be carried by a Democrat at least once.", "Democrat Lyndon Johnson, in 1964, lost the state by less than 5,000 votes to Arizona Senator and native Barry Goldwater. (This was the most closely contested state in what was otherwise a landslide victory for Johnson that year.) Democrat Bill Clinton ended this streak in 1996, when he won Arizona by a little over two percentage points (Clinton had previously come within less than two percent of winning Arizona s electoral votes in 1992). Since then, the majority of the state has continued to support Republican presidential candidates by solid margins.", "Since the late 20th century, the Republican Party has also dominated Arizona politics in general. The fast-growing Phoenix and Tucson suburbs became increasingly friendly to Republicans from the 1950s onward. During this time, many Pinto Democrats, or conservative Democrats from rural areas, became increasingly willing to support Republicans at the state and national level. While the state normally supports Republicans at the federal level, Democrats are often competitive in statewide elections. Two of the last six governors have been Democrats.", "On March 4, 2008, Senator John McCain effectively clinched the Republican nomination for 2008, becoming the first presidential nominee from the state since Barry Goldwater in 1964.", "Arizona politics are dominated by a longstanding rivalry between its two largest counties, Maricopa and Pima\u2014home to Phoenix and Tucson, respectively. The two counties have almost 75 percent of the state s population and cast almost 80 percent of the state s vote. They also elect a substantial majority of the state legislature.", "Maricopa County is home to almost 60 percent of the state s population, and most of the state s elected officials live there. It has voted Republican in every presidential election since 1948. This includes the 1964 run of native son Barry Goldwater; he would not have carried his home state without his 20,000-vote margin in Maricopa County. Similarly, while McCain won Arizona by eight percentage points in 2008, aided by his 130,000-vote margin in Maricopa County.", "In contrast, Pima County, home to Tucson, and most of southern Arizona have historically voted more Democratic. While Tucson s suburbs lean Republican, they hold to a somewhat more moderate brand of Republicanism than is common in the Phoenix area.", "Arizona rejected a same-sex marriage ban in a referendum as part of the 2006 elections. Arizona was the first state in the nation to do so. Same-sex marriage was not recognized in Arizona, but this amendment would have denied any legal or financial benefits to unmarried homosexual or heterosexual couples.[82] In 2008, Arizona voters passed Proposition 102, an amendment to the state constitution to define marriage as a union of one man and one woman. It passed by a more narrow majority than similar votes in a number of other states.[83]", "In 2010, Arizona passed SB 1070, called the toughest illegal immigration legislation in the nation. A fierce debate erupted between supporters and detractors of the law.[84]", "The United States Supreme Court heard arguments March 18, 2013, regarding the validity of the Arizona law, which requires individuals to show documents proving U.S. citizenship in order to register to vote in national elections.[85]", "Same-sex marriage and Civil unions[edit]", "In 2006, Arizona became the first state in the United States to reject a proposition, Prop 107, that would have banned same-sex marriage and civil unions.[86] However, in 2008, Arizona voters approved of Prop 102, a constitutional amendment that prohibited same-sex marriage but not other unions.[87] Prior to same-sex marriage being legal, the City of Bisbee became the first jurisdiction in Arizona to approve of civil unions.[88] The state s Attorney General at the time, Tom Horne, threatened to sue, but rescinded the threat once Bisbee amended the ordinance; Bisbee approved of civil unions in 2013.[89] The municipalities of Clarkdale, Cottonwood, Jerome, Sedona, and Tucson also passed civil unions.[90]", "A November 2011 Public Policy Polling survey found that 44% of Arizona voters supported the legalization of same-sex marriage, while 45% opposed it and 12% were not sure. A separate question on the same survey found that 72% of respondents supported legal recognition of same-sex couples, with 40% supporting same-sex marriage, 32% supporting civil unions, 27% opposing all legal recognition and 1% not sure. Arizona Proposition 102, known by its supporters as the Marriage Protection Amendment, appeared as a legislatively referred constitutional amendment on the November 4, 2008 ballot in Arizona, where it was approved: 56.2%\u201343%. It amended the Arizona Constitution to define marriage as between one man and one woman.[91]", "On October 17, 2014, Arizona Attorney General Tom Horne announced that his office would no longer object to same-sex marriage, in response to a U.S. District Court Ruling on Arizona Proposition 102. On that day, each county s Clerk of the Superior Court began to issue same-sex marriage licenses, and Arizona became the 31st state to legalize same-sex marriage.", "Elementary and secondary education[edit]", "Public schools in Arizona are separated into about 220 local school districts which operate independently, but are governed in most cases by elected county school superintendents; these are in turn overseen by the Arizona State Board of Education (a division of the Arizona Department of Education) and the state Superintendent of Public Instruction (elected in partisan elections every even-numbered year when there is not a presidential election, for a four-year term). In 2005, a School District Redistricting Commission was established with the goal of combining and consolidating many of these districts.", "The University of Arizona (the Mall) located in Tucson", "Arizona State University (a biodesign building) located in Tempe", "Northern Arizona University (The Skydome) located in Flagstaff", "Arizona is served by three public universities: The University of Arizona, Arizona State University, and Northern Arizona University. These schools are governed by the Arizona Board of Regents.", "Private higher education in Arizona is dominated by a large number of for-profit and chain (multi-site) universities.[92]", "Embry\u2013Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott and Prescott College are Arizona s only non-profit four-year private colleges.[93]", "Arizona has a wide network of two-year vocational schools and community colleges. These colleges were governed historically by a separate statewide Board of Directors but, in 2002, the state legislature transferred almost all oversight authority to individual community college districts.[94] The Maricopa County Community College District includes 11 community colleges throughout Maricopa County and is one of the largest in the nation.", "Public universities in Arizona[edit]", "Arizona State University, (Sun Devils) Tempe/Phoenix/Mesa/Glendale/Lake Havasu", "Northern Arizona University, (Lumberjacks) Flagstaff/Yuma/Prescott", "University of Arizona, (Wildcats) Tucson/Sierra Vista, M.D. college in downtown Phoenix and UA Agricultural Center in Yuma/Maricopa", "Private colleges and universities in Arizona[edit]", "Art Institute of Tucson", "Art Institute of Phoenix", "International Baptist College", "Penn Foster College[95]", "Community colleges[edit]", "Maricopa County Community College District", "Rio Salado Community College", "Art and culture[edit]", "Visual arts and museums[edit]", "See also: List of museums in Arizona", "Phoenix Art Museum, located on the historic Central Avenue corridor in Phoenix, is the Southwest s largest collection of visual art from across the world. The museum displays international exhibitions alongside the museum s collection of more than 18,000 works of American, Asian, European, Latin American, Western American, modern and contemporary art, and fashion design. With a community education mandate since 1951, Phoenix Art Museum holds a year-round program of festivals, live performances, independent art films and educational programs. The museum also has PhxArtKids, an interactive space for children; photography exhibitions through the museum s partnership with the Center for Creative Photography; the landscaped Sculpture Garden and dining at Arcadia Farms.", "Arizona is a recognized center of Native American art, with a number of galleries showcasing historical and contemporary works. The Heard Museum, also located in Phoenix, is a major repository of Native American art. Some of the signature exhibits include a full Navajo hogan, the Mareen Allen Nichols Collection containing 260 pieces of contemporary jewelry, the Barry Goldwater Collection of 437 historic Hopi kachina dolls, and an exhibit on the 19th century boarding school experiences of Native Americans. The Heard Museum has about 250,000 visitors a year.", "Sedona, Jerome, and Tubac are known as a budding artist colonies, and small arts scenes exist in the larger cities and near the state universities.", "See also: List of films shot in Arizona", "View of Monument Valley from John Ford s Point", "Several major Hollywood films, such as Billy Jack, U Turn, Waiting to Exhale, Just One of the Guys, Can t Buy Me Love, Bill & Ted s Excellent Adventure, The Scorpion King, The Banger Sisters, Used Cars, and Raising Arizona have been made there (as have many Westerns). The 1993 science fiction movie Fire in the Sky, based on a reported alien abduction in the town of Snowflake, was set in Snowflake. It was filmed in the Oregon towns of Oakland, Roseburg, and Sutherlin.", "The 1974 film Alice Doesn t Live Here Anymore, for which Ellen Burstyn won the Academy Award for Best Actress, and also starring Kris Kristofferson, was set in Tucson. The climax of the 1977 Clint Eastwood film The Gauntlet takes place in downtown Phoenix. The final segments of the 1984 film Starman take place at Meteor Crater outside Winslow. The Jeff Foxworthy comedy documentary movie Blue Collar Comedy Tour was filmed almost entirely at the Dodge Theatre. Some of Alfred Hitchcock s classic film Psycho was shot in Phoenix, the ostensible home town of the main character.", "Some of the television shows filmed or set in Arizona include The New Dick Van Dyke Show, Medium, Alice, The First 48, Insomniac with Dave Attell, Cops, and America s Most Wanted. The TV sitcom Alice, which was based on the movie was set in Phoenix. Twilight had passages set in Phoenix at the beginning and the end of the film.", "Main article: Music of Arizona", "Arizona is prominently featured in the lyrics of many Country and Western songs, such as Jamie O Neal s hit ballad There Is No Arizona . George Strait s Oceanfront Property uses ocean front property in Arizona as a metaphor for a sucker proposition. The line see you down in Arizona Bay is used in a Tool song in reference to the possibility (expressed as a hope by comedian Bill Hicks) that Southern California will one day fall into the ocean. Glen Campbell, a notable resident, popularized the song By The Time I Get To Phoenix .", "Standin on the Corner Park and mural in Winslow, Arizona", "Arizona was the title of a popular song recorded by Mark Lindsay. Arizona is mentioned by the hit song Take It Easy , written by Jackson Browne and Glenn Frey and performed by the Eagles. Arizona is also mentioned in the Beatles song Get Back , credited to John Lennon and Paul McCartney; McCartney sings: JoJo left his home in Tucson, Arizona, for some California grass. Carefree Highway , released in 1974 by Gordon Lightfoot, takes its name from Arizona State Route 74 north of Phoenix.[96]", "Arizona s budding music scene is helped by emerging bands, as well as some well-known artists. The Gin Blossoms, Chronic Future, Roger Clyne and the Peacemakers, Jimmy Eat World, Caroline s Spine, and others began their careers in Arizona. Also, a number of punk and rock bands got their start in Arizona, including JFA, The Feederz, Sun City Girls, The Meat Puppets, The Maine, The Summer Set, and more recently Authority Zero and Digital Summer.", "Arizona also has many singers and other musicians. Singer, songwriter and guitarist Michelle Branch is from Sedona. The late Chester Bennington, the former lead vocalist of Linkin Park, and mash-up artist DJ Z-Trip are both from Phoenix. One of Arizona s better known musicians is shock rocker Alice Cooper, who helped define the genre. Maynard James Keenan, the lead singer of the bands Tool, A Perfect Circle, and Puscifer, calls the town of Cornville his current home.", "Other notable singers include country singers Dierks Bentley and Marty Robbins, folk singer Katie Lee, Fleetwood Mac s Stevie Nicks, CeCe Peniston, Rex Allen, 2007 American Idol winner Jordin Sparks, and Linda Ronstadt.", "Arizona is also known for its heavy metal scene, which is centered in and around Phoenix. In the early to mid-1990s, it included bands such as Job for a Cowboy, Knights of the Abyss, Greeley Estates, Eyes Set To Kill, blessthefall, The Word Alive, The Dead Rabbitts, and Abigail Williams. The band Soulfly calls Phoenix home and Megadeth lived in Phoenix for about a decade. Beginning in and around 2009, Phoenix began to host a burgeoning desert rock and sludge metal underground, (ala Kyuss in 1990s California) led by bands like Wolves of Winter, Asimov and Dead Canyon.", "American composer Elliott Carter composed his first String Quartet (1950\u201351) while on sabbatical (from New York) in Arizona. The quartet won a Pulitzer Prize and other awards and is now a staple of the string quartet repertoire.[citation needed]", "Main article: Sports in Arizona", "Professional sports teams in Arizona include:", "Arizona Cardinals American football National Football League 2 (1925, 1947)", "Arizona Hotshots American football Alliance of American Football 0", "Phoenix Suns Basketball National Basketball Association 0", "Arizona Diamondbacks Baseball Major League Baseball 1 (2001)", "Arizona Coyotes Ice hockey National Hockey League 0", "Arizona Rattlers Indoor football Indoor Football League 6 (1994, 1997, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2017)", "Phoenix Rising FC Soccer United Soccer League 0", "Phoenix Mercury Basketball Women s National Basketball Association 3 (2007, 2009, 2014)", "Tucson Roadrunners Ice hockey American Hockey League 0", "Northern Arizona Suns Basketball NBA G League 1", "The University of Phoenix stadium hosted Super Bowl XLII on February 3, 2008, and Super Bowl XLIX on February 1, 2015.", "Due to its numerous golf courses, Arizona is home to several stops on the PGA Tour, most notably the Phoenix Open, held at the TPC of Scottsdale, and the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship at the Ritz-Carlton Golf Club in Marana.", "Auto racing is another sport known in the state. Phoenix International Raceway in Avondale is home to NASCAR race weekends twice a year. Firebird International Raceway near Chandler is home to drag racing and other motorsport events.", "College sports[edit]", "College sports are also prevalent in Arizona. The Arizona State Sun Devils and the Arizona Wildcats belong to the Pac-12 Conference while the Northern Arizona Lumberjacks compete in the Big Sky Conference and the Grand Canyon Antelopes compete for in the Western Athletic Conference. The rivalry between Arizona State Sun Devils and the Arizona Wildcats predates Arizona s statehood, and is the oldest rivalry in the NCAA.[97] The Territorial Cup, first awarded in 1889 and certified as the oldest trophy in college football,[98] is awarded to the winner of the annual football game between the two schools.", "Arizona also hosts several college football bowl games. The Fiesta Bowl, originally held at Sun Devil Stadium, is now held at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale. The Fiesta Bowl is part of the new College Football Playoff (CFP). University of Phoenix Stadium was also home to the 2007 and 2011 BCS National Championship Games.", "A spring training game between the Cubs and White Sox at HoHoKam Park", "Baseball[edit]", "Arizona is a popular location for Major League Baseball spring training, as it is the site of the Cactus League. Spring training was first started in Arizona in 1947, when Brewers owner Veeck sold them in 1945 but went onto purchase the Cleveland Indians in 1946. He decided to train the Cleveland Indians in Tucson and convinced the New York Giants to give Phoenix a try. Thus the Cactus League was born.[99]", "On March 9, 1995, Arizona was awarded a franchise to begin play for the 1998 season. A $130 million franchise fee was paid to Major League Baseball and on January 16, 1997, the Diamondbacks were officially voted into the National League.", "Since their debut, the Diamondbacks have won five National League West titles, one National League Championship pennant, and the 2001 World Series.", "Miscellaneous topics[edit]", "Main article: List of people from Arizona", "Some notable Arizonans involved in politics and government include:", "Former Arizona Governor Jan Brewer", "Former Surgeon General of the United States Richard Carmona", "Former United States Secretary of Transportation Mary Peters[100]", "Former Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O Connor[101]", "Former Supreme Court Chief Justice William Rehnquist[102]", "Former U.S. Senator Dennis DeConcini[103]", "Former Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio[citation needed]", "Former Graham County Sheriff Richard Mack[citation needed]", "National Education Association President Dennis Van Roekel[104]", "Junior Republican Senator Jon Kyl, former Senate Minority Whip.[105]", "Presidential candidate (2000, 2008) and former U.S. Senator John McCain[106]", "Presidential candidate (1964) and former U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater[107]", "Former governor, Secretary of the Interior, and presidential candidate (1988) Bruce Babbitt[108]", "Presidential candidate (1976) and former Arizona congressman Mo Udall and his brother Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall[citation needed]", "Former U.S. Senator Carl Hayden[citation needed]", "Former United States Solicitor General Rex E. Lee.[109]", "Former Governor and Secretary of Homeland Security in the Obama Administration Janet Napolitano[110]", "Former State Senator Jack Taylor also served as mayor of Mesa and was for one two-year term a member of the Arizona House of Representatives.[111]", "Arizona notables in culture and the arts include:", "Labor leader and civil rights pioneer Cesar Estrada Chavez was from San Luis, near Yuma[112]", "Actress Emma Stone is from Scottsdale", "Actress Gail Edwards resides in Sedona", "Athlete Auston Mathews (Toronto Maple Leaf Center)", "Author Zane Grey", "Disc sports (Frisbee) pioneer Ken Westerfield currently lives in Bisbee", "Film director Steven Spielberg was raised in Phoenix and attended Arcadia High School", "Actor David Spade was raised in Scottsdale and graduated from Arizona State University", "Actress Lynda Carter, star of Wonder Woman, is from Phoenix and attended Arizona State University", "Horse owner and trainer Bob Baffert.", "Musicians Chester Bennington of Linkin Park (Phoenix), Alice Cooper (Phoenix), Stevie Nicks of Fleetwood Mac (Phoenix), (Jerome), Linda Ronstadt (Tucson), Michelle Branch (Sedona), Nate Ruess of Fun. (Glendale)", "Musicians in the bands Meat Puppets (Phoenix/Tempe), Authority Zero (Mesa), Gin Blossoms (Tempe), Chronic Future (Scottsdale), Jimmy Eat World (Mesa), The Format (Glendale), Stellar Kart (Phoenix), Malignus Youth (Sierra Vista), and Job for a Cowboy (Glendale).", "Poet Jim Simmerman of Flagstaff", "Frederick Sommer, an artist/photographer, moved to Tucson in 1931 and lived in Prescott from 1935 to 1999", "Rancher and political insider John G.F. Speiden \u2013 Jay Six Ranch", "Author Diana Gabaldon mostly known for Outlander was born in and resides in Arizona", "Musician Zella Day is originally from Pinetop, Arizona", "State symbols[edit]", "Cactus wren, the Arizona state bird", "Arizona state amphibian: Arizona treefrog (Hyla eximia)", "Arizona state bird: cactus wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus)", "Arizona state butterfly: two-tailed swallowtail (Papilio multicaudata)", "Arizona state colors: federal blue and old gold", "Arizona state dinosaur: Sonorasaurus[113]", "Arizona state fish: Apache trout (Oncorhynchus apache)[114]", "Arizona state flag: Flag of the State of Arizona", "Arizona state flower: saguaro blossom (Carnegiea gigantea)", "Arizona state fossil: petrified wood", "Arizona state gemstone: turquoise", "Arizona state mammal: ring-tailed cat (Bassariscus astutus)", "Arizona state motto: Ditat Deus (Latin God enriches)", "Arizona state neckwear: bolo tie", "Arizona state reptile: Arizona ridge-nosed rattlesnake (Crotalus willardi)", "Arizona state seal: Great Seal of the State of Arizona", "Arizona state slogan: Grand Canyon State", "Arizona state songs: Arizona March Song (by Margaret Rowe Clifford) and Arizona (by Rex Allen, Jr.)[115]", "Arizona state tree: palo verde (Parkinsonia)", "Arizona state gun: Colt Single Action Army revolver[116]", "Arizona portal", "Outline of Arizona \u2013 organized list of topics about Arizona", "Index of Arizona-related articles", "^ In 2000, this designation was broken into two groups: Independent, Non-Charismatic Churches (34,130 adherents) and Independent, Charismatic Churches (29,755 adherents)", "^ Arizona \u2013 Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary . Merriam-webster.com. April 25, 2007. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ 2010 Census State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates . U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved February 14, 2012.", "^ Median Annual Household Income . The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved December 9, 2016.", "^ Frisco . NGS data sheet. U.S. National Geodetic Survey. Retrieved October 20, 2011.", "^ a b Elevations and Distances in the United States . United States Geological Survey. 2001. Archived from the original on October 15, 2011. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ All about Arizona. sheppardsoftware.com. Retrieved September 21, 2010.", "^ a b Dr. Dean Chavers, History of Indian voting rights and why it s important Archived July 7, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Indian Country Today, October 29, 2012; accessed July 17, 2016. See Trujillo v. Garley (1948)", "^ a b c d e Harrison v. Laveen, July 1948, Arizona Supreme Court", "^ Bright, William (2004). Native American Place Names of the United States. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, p. 47", "^ Kitt, E. O.; Pearce, T. M. (1952). Arizona Place Name Records . Western Folklore. 11 (4): 284\u2013287. doi:10.2307/1496233. JSTOR 1496233.", "^ Harper, Douglas. Arizona . Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ McClintock, James (1916). Arizona, Prehistoric, Aboriginal, Pioneer, Modern: The Nation s Youngest Commonwealth within a Land of Ancient Culture. Chicago: The S.J. Clarke Publishing Co.", "^ a b Thompson, Clay (February 11, 2007). No, arid zone not the basis of state s name . The Arizona Republic. Retrieved December 29, 2014.", "^ Saxton, Dean, Saxton, Lucille, & Enos, Susie. (1983). Dictionary: Tohono O odham/Pima to English, English to Tohono O odham/Pima. Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona Press", "^ Thompson, Clay (February 25, 2007). A sorry state of affairs when views change . The Arizona Republic. Archived from the original on August 1, 2007. Retrieved March 3, 2007.", "^ Jim Turner. How Arizona did NOT Get its Name . Arizona Historical Society. Archived from the original on August 2, 2007. Retrieved March 3, 2007.", "^ Donald Garate, 2005, Arizonac, a twentieth-century myth , Journal of Arizona History 46(2), pp. 161\u2013184", "^ Mart\u00ednez La\u00ednez, Fernando and Canales Torres, Carlos. Banderas lejanas: La exploraci\u00f3n, conquista y defensa por parte de Espa\u00f1a del Territorio de los actuales Estados Unidos (in Spanish: Far flags. The exploration, conquest and defense by Spain of the Territory of the present United States). Page 145-46. Fourth edition: September 2009.", "^ Timothy Anna et al., Historia de M\u00e9xico. Barcelona: Critica, 2001, p. 10.", "^ Mexican\u2013American War as accessed on March 16, 2007, at 7:33 MST AM", "^ Arizona Ordinance of secession presented by the Col. Sherod Hunter Camp 1525, SCV, Phoenix, Arizona . Members.tripod.com. July 23, 2007. Archived from the original on January 17, 2010. Retrieved July 25, 2010.", "^ United States. Cong. Senate (1904) [1st pub. Confederate States. Cong.:1861\u20131862]. Journal of the Congress of the Confederate States of America, 1861\u20131865. Volume I. 58th Cong. 2d sess. S. Doc. 234. Washington: Government Printing Office. p. 691. LCCN 05012700 \u2013 via Internet Archive.", "^ Henson, Pauline (1965). Founding a Wilderness Capital, Prescott, A. T., 1864. Flagstaff, Arizona: Northland Press. pp. passim.", "^ Arroyo Rodriguez, Nadine (September 26, 2014). Did You Know: Capital Of Arizona Moved 4 Times Before Settling In Phoenix . kjzz. Retrieved January 9, 2019.", "^ Preserving Cultural and Historic Resources \u2013 A Conservation Objective of the Sonoran Desert Conservation Plan . pima.gov. Archived from the original on January 17, 2010. Retrieved November 13, 2016.", "^ Archaeology of the Phoenix Indian School . Archaeology.org. March 27, 1998. Archived from the original on January 17, 2010. Retrieved July 25, 2010.", "^ Arizona Democrats authorize Internet Voting for March 11 Advisory Primary , The Green Papers", "^ Urban and Community Forestry Division . Arizona State Forestry Division. Retrieved July 6, 2014.", "^ Prescott Overview . Ncsu.edu. May 15, 2002. Archived from the original on January 17, 2010. Retrieved July 25, 2010.", "^ Arizona . USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquake.Usgs.Gov. Archived from the original on January 6, 2013. Retrieved October 12, 2012.", "^ a b Arizona . USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquake.Usgs.Gov. Archived from the original on September 1, 2012. Retrieved October 12, 2012.", "^ a b Arizona Climate . Desert Research Institute, Western Regional Climate Center, Reno, Nevada. December 7, 2001. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ Climate Assessment for the Southwest (December 1999). The Climate of the Southwest . University of Arizona. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. Retrieved March 21, 2006.", "^ United States Geological Survey (September 2005). Hydrologic Conditions in Arizona During 1999\u20132004: A Historical Perspective (PDF). Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ History for Phoenix, AZ . Weather Underground. August 31, 2006.", "^ Mean number of Days with Minimum Temperature Below 32F National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Retrieved March 24, 2007 . Lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov. August 20, 2008. Archived from the original on December 17, 2001. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ Arizona climate averages . Weatherbase. Retrieved November 11, 2015.", "^ Resident Population Data \u2013 2010 Census Archived October 19, 2013, at the Wayback Machine", "^ a b QuickFacts Arizona; UNITED STATES . 2018 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. February 1, 2019. Retrieved February 2, 2019.", "^ Arizona (state, United States). Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica Online.", "^ Arizona \u2013 Race and Hispanic Origin: 1860 to 1990. (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived February 9, 2018, at the Wayback Machine.", "^ Census.gov Arizona \u2013 Race and Hispanic Origin: 1860 to 1990 Archived January 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine", "^ Arizona at a crossroads over water and growth . The Arizona Republic. March 9, 2008.", "^ Americans under age 1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot . The Plain Dealer. June 3, 2012.", "^ Ranking Tables for Metropolitan Areas: 1990 and 2000. United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved on July 8, 2006.", "^ Slevin, Peter (April 30, 2010). New Arizona law puts police in tenuous spot . Washington Post. Washington, DC. p. A4. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ second to Nevada with 8.8% in 2010", "^ Arizona \u2013 Race and Hispanic Origin: 1860 to 1990 . U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 25, 2008.", "^ American FactFinder \u2013 Results Archived May 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine", "^ a b Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States Archived December 24, 2014, at the Wayback Machine", "Table 17. Arizona \u2013 Race and Hispanic Origin: 1860 to 1990 . (PDF)", "^ Population of Arizona \u2013 Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts \u2013 CensusViewer . censusviewer.com.", "^ 2010 Census Data .", "^ American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau. Arizona \u2013 Selected Social Characteristics in the United States: 2007\u20132009 . Factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ a b Arizona . Modern Language Association. Retrieved October 15, 2013.", "^ a b 2005 American Community Survey. Retrieved from the data of the MLA, July 13, 2010", "^ Arizona has most Indian language speakers. upi.com Accessed December 12, 2011.", "^ Phoenix Business Journal, September 2, 2011, page 4", "^ Archived copy . Archived from the original on August 23, 2015. Retrieved July 5, 2015. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)", "^ Home | Colleges at Lake Havasu . Havasu.asu.edu. Retrieved September 9, 2016.", "^ 2017 Population Estimates . United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 2, 2019.", "^ LDS Facts and Statistics USA-Arizona . Mormon Newsroom. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Retrieved November 30, 2014.", "^ The Association of Religion Data Archives | State membership Report . www.Thearda.com. Retrieved November 7, 2013.", "^ Facts and Statistics USA-Arizona . lds.org. Retrieved April 30, 2012.", "^ a b Arizona \u2013 Religious Traditions, 2010 . Association of Religion Data Archives. Archived from the original on August 2, 2017. Retrieved August 2, 2017.", "^ Arizona \u2013 Religious Traditions, 2010 . Association of Religion Data Archives. Archived from the original on August 2, 2017. Retrieved August 2, 2017.", "^ How Hindus Grew into Second-Largest Faith in Arizona & Delaware . NBC News. June 24, 2014. Archived from the original on August 2, 2017. Retrieved August 2, 2017.", "^ U.S. Religion Census 2010: Summary Findings (PDF). Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies. May 1, 2012. p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 2, 2017. Retrieved August 2, 2017.", "^ News Release (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 21, 2012. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ Arizona Economy at a Glance . Bls.gov. Retrieved September 9, 2016.", "^ Arizona Republic 100: State s biggest employers . The Arizona Republic.", "^ Arizona Income Tax Rates for 2017 . www.tax-rates.org.", "^ Tucson: Streetcar Plan Wins With 60% of Vote . Lightrailnow.org. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ World s busiest airports by traffic movements", "^ World s busiest airports by passenger traffic", "^ Deer Valley Airport . Phoenix.gov. Archived from the original on April 23, 2011. Retrieved July 25, 2010.", "^ Ariz. GOP would gain if Napolitano gets Obama post . KTAR. Associated Press. November 20, 2008. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ Format Document . Azleg.gov. January 1, 1993. Retrieved September 9, 2016.", "^ Table 1. The Counties and the Most Populous Incorporated Places in 2010 in Arizona: 2000 and 2010 . U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved January 8, 2012. Archived October 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine", "^ Voter Registration Statistics (PDF). Arizona Secretary of State Elections Bureau. Retrieved November 7, 2016.", "^ Arizona stands alone against marriage ban \u2013 Queer Lesbian Gay News . Gay.com. Archived from the original on May 16, 2016. Retrieved July 25, 2010.", "^ Ban on gay unions solidly supported in most of Arizona Archived November 8, 2008, at the Wayback Machine", "^ Archibold, Randal C. (April 23, 2010). Arizona Enacts Stringent Law on Immigration . The New York Times. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ High court to weigh Arizona voter registration case . Reuters. March 15, 2013. Retrieved March 17, 2013.", "^ Why Arizona Flipped On Gay Marriage . Retrieved 2017-11-15.", "^ McKinley, Jesse; Goodstein, Laurie (2008-11-05). Bans in 3 States on Gay Marriage . The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-11-15.", "^ Arizona city poised to pass state s first civil union ordinance . Reuters. 2013-04-02. Retrieved 2017-11-15.", "^ Press, Associated (2013-06-05). Bisbee, Arizona same-sex marriage: Council approves civil unions measure . KNXV. Retrieved 2017-11-15.", "^ Legal Recognition of Same-Sex Relationships (PDF). samesexrelationshipguide.com. August 31, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24. Retrieved October 14, 2017.", "^ AZ pro-civil unions, remembers Goldwater fondly (PDF).", "^ College Navigator - Search Results . nces.ed.gov.", "^ College Navigator \u2013 Prescott College . nces.ed.gov.", "^ 2002 Legislature \u2013 HB 2710, which later became ARS 15-1444", "^ AZ Private Postsecondary Institutions . Azhighered.org. Retrieved September 9, 2016.", "^ Crawdaddy (April 1975). Missing or empty |title= (help)", "^ Knauer, Tom (November 22, 2006). What is the Territorial Cup? . The Wildcat Online. Archived from the original on October 8, 2008. Retrieved April 2, 2007.", "^ Official 2007 NCAA Division I Football Records Book (PDF). National Collegiate Athletic Association. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 25, 2008.", "^ Buckhorn Baths: A unique Mesa landmark . www.azcentral.com.", "^ Mary Peters . ntl.bts.gov/. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Sandra Day O Connor . .law.cornell.edu. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ William Rehnquist . Directory of Federal Judges. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Dennis DeConcini . Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Dennis Van Roekel . National Education Association. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Jon Kyl . Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ John McCain . MProject Vote Smart. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Barry Goldwater . Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Bruce Babbitt . The Washington Post Company. December 15, 1999. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Rex E. Lee . Deseret News. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Janet Napolitano . MProject Vote Smart. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Jerald Jackson Taylor . apnewsarchive.com. April 3, 1995. Retrieved July 31, 2015.", "^ The Story of Cesar Chavez . UFW. Retrieved 13 November 2018.", "^ Sonorasaurus officially named Arizona s state dinosaur . April 11, 2018.", "^ Carter, Julie Meka. Apache Trout Recovery: A Wildlife Success Story . Wildlife & Conservation. Arizona Game and Fish Department. Archived from the original on September 20, 2013. Retrieved September 28, 2013.", "^ Kids Page \u2013 Arizona State Songs .", "^ Arizona Gets an Official State Gun \u2013 And It s Manufactured in Connecticut . Retrieved April 15, 2017.", "Bayless, Betsy, 1998, Arizona Blue Book, 1997\u20131998. Phoenix, Arizona.", "McIntyre, Allan J., 2008, The Tohono O odham and Pimeria Alta. Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, South Carolina. (ISBN 978-0-7385-5633-8).", "Miller, Tom (editor), 1986, Arizona: The Land and the People. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. (ISBN 978-0-8165-1004-7).", "Officer, James E., 1987, Hispanic Arizona, 1536\u20131856. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. (ISBN 978-0-8165-0981-2).", "Thomas, David M. (editor), 2003, Arizona Legislative Manual. In Arizona Phoenix, Arizona, Arizona Legislative Council. Google Print. Retrieved January 16, 2006.", "Trimble, Marshall, 1998, Arizona, A Cavalcade of History. Treasure Chest Publications, Tucson, Arizona. (ISBN 978-0-918080-43-1).", "Woosley, Anne I., 2008, Early Tucson. Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, South Carolina. (ISBN 978-0-7385-5646-8).", "Arizonaat Wikipedia s sister projects", "Official state government website", "Official Website of the State of Arizona", "Arizona State Guide, from the Library of Congress", "Arizona Regional Accounts Data at the Wayback Machine (archived August 19, 2002)", "Arizona Demographic Data from FedStats", "Arizona USDA State Fact Sheet", "Arizona Indicators, state s central resource for information on a wide range of topics", "Energy Data & Statistics for Arizona", "Arizona State Databases \u2013 Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Arizona state agencies and compiled by the Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association.", "Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records", "Arizona at Ballotpedia", "Arizona at Curlie", "Geographic data related to Arizona at OpenStreetMap", "Official Arizona Office of Tourism", "Arizona Game & Fish Department (Hunting, Boating & Fishing)", "American Southwest, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary", "New Mexico List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union", "Admitted on February 14, 1912 (48th) Succeeded by", "Places adjacent to Arizona", "Nevada Utah Colorado", "Baja California, Mexico Sonora, Mexico", "Topics related to Arizona", "The Grand Canyon State; The Copper State", "Phoenix (capital)", "Arizona Sun Corridor", "Coconino Plateau", "Mogollon Plateau", "Northeast Arizona", "Safford area", "Southern Arizona (Traditional Arizona)", "Mayors of cities with populations exceeding 100,000 in Arizona", "Greg Stanton (D)", "Jonathan Rothschild (D)", "John Giles (R)", "Jay Tibshraeny (R)", "(Chandler)", "Jerry Weiers (NP)", "(Glendale)", "Jim Lane (R)", "(Scottsdale)", "Jenn Daniels (R)", "Mark Mitchell (D)", "Cathy Carlat", "Sharon Wolcott (D)", "Protected areas of Arizona", "National Historical Parks,", "Historic Sites and Memorials", "Tumac\u00e1cori NHP", "Fort Bowie NHS", "Hubbell Trading Post NHS", "Coronado NMem", "Hohokam Pima", "Ironwood Forest", "National Conservation Areas", "Gila Box Riparian", "San Pedro Riparian", "Elden Pueblo", "Palatki Heritage Site", "V-Bar-V Heritage Site", "Bill Williams River", "Leslie Canyon", "See List of Arizona Wilderness Areas", "Buckskin Mountain", "Granite Mountain Hotshots Memorial", "Riordan Mansion", "Sonoita Creek", "Tubac Presidio", "Verde River Greenway", "Yuma Territorial Prison", "Powers Butte", "White Mountain Grasslands", "Phoenix Mountains Park and Recreation Area", "See List of National Natural Landmarks in Arizona", "See List of National Historic Landmarks in Arizona", "See National Register of Historic Places listings in Arizona", "Arizona State Parks (web)", "Sports teams based in Arizona", "Arizona Hawks", "Laredo Apaches", "Yuma Tejanos", "Tucson Sugar Skulls (2019)", "Phoenix Phantomz", "Sporting Arizona FC", "FC Arizona Women", "FC Tucson Women", "Phoenix Del Sol", "WFDTA", "Camelback Rugby Club", "Northern Arizona Rugby Football Club", "Old Pueblo Lions Rugby Football Club", "Tempe Rugby Club", "Tucson Magpies Rugby Football Club", "Yuma Rugby Football Club", "(NAIA)", "Benedictine University at Mesa", "(NJCAA)", "San Jose\u2013Oakland", "San Bernardino-Riverside", "Seven Years War \u2192", "Gaspar de Portol\u00e0", "Quechan", "Cochimi", "MusicBrainz: bf9353d8-da52-4fd9-8645-52b2349b4914", "SNAC: w6b09tzt", "Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arizona&oldid=884351317", "U.S. states with multiple time zones", "Articles containing Navajo-language text", "Articles containing O odham-language text" ] } ], "selected_contents": [ [ true ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 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At 345 AM MST, reporting gauges indicated flooding across the warned area. Runoff from recent rain is still flowing through Tonto Creek. Flood waters are moving down Tonto Creek and will remain elevated.", "Feb. 24, 05:48:00 (GMT -07:00) Feb. 24, 16:15:00 (GMT -07:00) Gila Flood Advisory.", "Summary: ...THE SMALL STREAM FLOOD ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 415 PM MST FOR GILA COUNTY... At 547 AM MST, runoff from recent rains is continuing. Some locations that will experience flooding include... San Carlos and Peridot.", "Feb. 24, 02:43:00 (GMT -07:00) Feb. 25, 20:00:00 (GMT -07:00) Lake Havasu and Fort Mohave; Lake Mead National Recreation Area Lake Wind Advisory.", "Summary: ...LAKE WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 6 AM PST /7 AM MST/ TO 7 PM PST /8 PM MST/ TUESDAY... * WHAT...North winds 20 to 30 mph with gusts up to 40 mph expected. * WHERE...Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Lake Havasu, and adjacent areas. Within Lake Mead National Recreation Area," ] }, { "url": "https://www.12news.com/weather/", "title": "Weather on 12NEWS for Phoenix 12news com Arizona", "content": [ "Major storm moving into Arizona tonight", "We already have winter storm warnings posted for the High Country.", "20 - 0 in", "Wed Wednesday February 20", "Thu Thursday February 21", "Fri Friday February 22", "Sat Saturday February 23", "Sun Sunday February 24", "Mon Monday February 25", "Tue Tuesday February 26", "Fri Friday March 01", "Radar Gallery", "Arizona Radar", "Phoenix Metro Radar", "Flagstaff Metro Radar", "Tucson Radar", "You can thank El Ni\u00f1o for Arizona s chilly weather", "Quicksand is real? How to spot it, how to get out of it", "Phoenix 10-year-old delivers care packages to homeless for his birthday party", "12 News Phoenix Mayoral Debate recap", "Glendale officer suspended for 2017 stun gun incident was disciplined 3 other times, records show" ] }, { "url": "https://www.almanac.com/weather/longrange/AZ/Phoenix", "title": "2021 Long Range Weather Forecast for Phoenix AZ Old", "content": [ "Southwest heatwave in January", "Submitted by Jake on January 24, 2020 - 1:12pm", "Every year for the last (omg!)15 years now!, I\u2019ve been observing a week long, (sometimes 2; 2016) heat wave during the last 10-14 days of January. Here in Los Angeles we will see 84*F for a period of at least 4 days. I\u2019m wondering if the F.A. Has kept track of this?, and if so, do they have a prediction for 2020? Today seems to be getting warm. I believe it\u2019s in the high 60\u2019s low 70\u2019s this morning.", "Anyway, i seem to be the only person I\u2019m aware of that keeps a record of this micro-summer, which seems to happen RIGHT BEFORE it resumes into flat out WINTER for Feb, March.", "I return to your page every", "Submitted by kelly on January 19, 2020 - 4:38am", "I return to your page every year and come back with the same question, where did winter go in western Texas?", "almost 5 consecutive years without snow fall, all due to the weather change", "When years ago snow fall up to 4 times a year.", "So where did winter go specifically in the area of el paso tx (west texas)?", "Nobody questions these weird weather anomalies?", "Submitted by MB on January 8, 2020 - 1:47pm", "So how is it that the temps in high desert are 10 degrees warmer during the HOTTEST months..then dump 10 degrees COLDER during the winter? And nobody questions it? I mean come on if we are experiencing global warming I should of been able to drive the high elevations through Thanksgiving right? Grow strawberries into December?", "Immediately after Halloween the temps do a reversal & nosedive, killing our garden WAYYYY before it should of in our area. Buried the only route north besides California in 6 ft of snow, which forces all travel NORTH to take I- 5 adding 6 hrs to the route.", "So basically the weather tweekers are making it now impossible to grow anything without a greenhouse because it s too hot by May & too cold by October.", "The west side of the US is becoming unlivable, both financially & environmentally.", "And NOBODY questions it....unreal.", "Submitted by Richard on November 8, 2019 - 11:15pm", "It has been an Indian Summer here in Beatty Nv. ,lows in the 50`s highs in the upper70`s no wind,no rain for almost 2 wk`s", "Rain over this winter?", "Submitted by Joan on October 5, 2019 - 9:19am", "I d like to know about rainfall predicted for Albuquerque/Rio Rancho area. What month is the best time for roof replacement? The expected rainfall specified by the week expected would be enormously helpful. Thanks.", "Winter Predictions for Show Low", "Submitted by Arms Rom on September 26, 2019 - 12:45pm", "I love how I search for winter predictions for Show Low, AZ and it shows me the winter predictions for all of the SW of the United States. For those who are not familiar with Show Low, we are located in a Pine Forest in the White Mountains of Eastern AZ. Our climate is vastly different from the desert areas of the SW that this is focused on. Overall it is just very inaccurate, and if I wanted to see predictions for the SW as a whole, then I would have searched that. Seeing how it is going to be down in the desert areas of Phoenix and Tucson is practically irrelevant to me. I have read other people s comments, and from the looks of it, it seems that this website is just overall not very accurate.", "Long-range weather predicting", "A lot of people just do not understand what this is. I see so many questions about local weather or a specific date. The Old Farmer s Almanac long-range weather predictions are made way in advance (maybe 18 months). They are based on climate regions and above/below historical averages for temperature and precipitation. And it s true that microclimates are different than weather zones but that s a given. You can t expect these predictions to be any more than general and regional. Historically, I have found that the weather shift happen a few weeks prior to what they say or a few weeks after they say. So you have to look at these at trends. Will it be an extra snowy winter or not?", "You clicked on the wrong zone--", "Submitted by Zero Lavelle on October 15, 2019 - 3:06pm", "There s another zone Show Low would fall into. Back out to the big map and click the area that includes Flagstaff.", "I live in the Valley- so I know what you mean, but the overall predictions from the Old Farmer s Almanac are very good year after year.", "Re: The cold.....", "Submitted by Gwen Sperling on September 22, 2019 - 2:12pm", "My only hope is that the hard freezes don t hit for as long as possible in Santa Fe. I have beautiful melons I want to ripen, and I give them probably at least 30 days. I have frost blankets, I have bottles that I will mostly likely leave inter mixed in the garden as they will warm during the night. Any other suggestions?", "Average = (High + Low) \u00f7 2", "Submitted by KB on July 16, 2019 - 10:55am", "It seems that most of these comments are considering the average High temperatures for your areas, which is why this number seems low. The average temperature consists of both the daily high and the daily low (please see formula above for finding the average). In my area the averages listed in this reference have been spot on.", "I appreciate having a free reference with all this data well organized and accessible." ] }, { "url": "https://www.bestplaces.net/climate/state/arizona", "title": "Arizona Climate Best Places", "content": [ "137 Reviews | Review This Place", "United States / Arizona / Metro Areas / Counties / Cities / Zip Codes", "Climate in Arizona", "Arizona, Arizona gets 13 inches of rain, on average, per year. The US average is 39 inches of rain per year.", "Arizona averages 7 inches of snow per year. The US average is 26 inches of snow per year.", "On average, there are 286 sunny days per year in Arizona. The US average is 205 sunny days.", "Winter Low: the January low is 33", "Sperling s Comfort Index for Arizona is a 77 out of 100", "Arizona gets some kind of precipitation, on average, 29 days per year. Precipitation is rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to the ground. In order for precipitation to be counted you have to get at least .01 inches on the ground to measure.", "CLIMATE Arizona, Arizona United States", "Snowfall (in.) 7.1 25.8", "Avg. Jan. Low 33.3 22.6", "Elevation ft. 3973 1443", "Reviews for Arizona 137 Reviews", "Jeff Nakamatsu - 6/6/2018", "Arizona has open carry for firearms. ... Read More", "Jeff | Huntington Beach, CA | Reply | 1 Reply | Send Message", "Start Your Review of Arizona", "RATS! RATS! EVERYWHERE!!! - 4/9/2018", "Since my last review of Phoenix below and trying to get up the money to get my family and belongings out of town, (Arizona people on Craigslist want whatever you re... Read More", "Charles W. | Phoenix, AZ | Reply | No Replies | Send Message", "living in reno and hope to move to kingman - 11/25/2016", "written my review of painted desert. will it be... Read More", "deborah | Reno, NV | Reply | No Replies | Send Message", "Compare Arizona to any other place in the USA.", "MAPS OF ARIZONA", "72401, 72764, ... 591 more", "NEW LISTINGS IN ARIZONA", "5612 S Acacia Canyon Pl # RSU7", "690 N Observation Trail Desert", "216 E Calle Trona # VEMEJT", "768 S Adanirom Judson Ave # 7E", "17204 S Ridgerunner Dr # F3PMT", "112 E Peralta Canyon Ct # Q0D0" ] }, { "url": "https://www.weather.gov/fgz/", "title": "Flagstaff AZ National Weather Service", "content": [ "Northern Arizona Forecast Snow Amount Tables for Counties, Reservations, and Roads", "NWS Forecast Office Flagstaff, AZ", "Weather.gov > Flagstaff, AZ", "View Storm Reports", "Bellemont Weather", "NWS Flagstaff Webcam", "Burned Area Impacts", "Weather Radio Live", "Experimental Dashboards", "Last Map Update: Tue, Feb. 19, 2019 at 7:29:08 pm MST", "Major Winter Storm", "A major winter storm is forecast to bring severe impacts from heavy snow from early Thursday morning into Friday. The heaviest snow is forecast Thursday morning through Midday Friday.", "Travel conditions are expected to deteriorate from west to east late Wednesday through early Friday. Conditions should gradually improve later Friday through Saturday morning.", "Text Product Selector (Selected product opens in current window)", "Latest Text Products Issued", "Local Graphic Forecast", "Forecast Weather Tables", "Hourly Weather Graphs", "FGZ RSS Feed", "Bellemont, AZ 86015" ] } ] }, "timestamp": null }, { "action": "Wizard => SearchAgent", "text": "arizona", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077413 }, { "action": "SearchAgent => Wizard", "text": "", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://az.gov/", "title": "Arizona", "content": [ "Playing Indoors", "Tour Arizona", "The Boulder Dam was dedicated on September 30, 1935 by President Roosevelt, The Mike O Callaghan\u2013Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge was completed on October 10th 2010 Hoover Dam and Mike O Callaghan\u2013Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge Ron Kroetz 05/25/2013", "Explore our historic past, vibrant present, and promising future", "Arizona in 2017 - More People, More Jobs Arizona Small-Business Growth Among the Strongest in the Nation Steve McClanahan 07/06/2013", "Locate, manage, and grow your business in Arizona, or join our highly skilled workforce", "AHSRA & AJHSRA Rodeo Season Opener \u2013 Payson Event Center. come watch cowboys and cowgirls from all over the State of Arizona, as AHSRA and AJHSRA converge and these cowboys and cowgirls kick off their 2017-2018 season AHSRA & AJHSRA Rodeo Season Opener \u2013 Payson Event Center | September 16th - 17th, 2017 Heeteraz 09/28/2011", "Learn more about the schools, neighborhoods, and citizen resources that elevate Arizona s quality of life", "Making memories for our Arizona families is what the State Fair is about. Arizona State Fair | October 6th - 29th 2017 Stulnaz 10/31/2008", "Experience the indoor and outdoor activities our unique state has to offer", "The new Arizona State Senate Chambers were dedicated on March 7th, 1960. Arizona State Senate Chambers | March 7th Cherie Stone 03/01/2016", "Access state services, connect with your government, and stay informed", "Arizona s Governor Arizona s Governor Unknown", "Visit the official website of Governor Doug Ducey", "Office of the Arizona Governor", "AZ Lottery" ] }, { "url": "https://www.visitarizona.com/", "title": "Official Travel Tourism Website Visit Arizona", "content": [ "Snow Play in Arizona", "Hit the powdery slopes and trails of these Arizona snow areas for a hefty dose of wintertime adventure.", "Fido-Friendly Attractions and Must-Dos", "All members of the family can enjoy a trip to Arizona at these pet-friendly attractions.", "Pima Air & Space Museum, Tucson", "Fun fact: With 14 communities and parks, Arizona is home to more certified Dark Sky Places than any other U.S. state!", "Most Popular Places In Arizona", "Get Inspired By Destinations Our Travelers Love", "Explore dining, resorts, the arts, shopping amid beautiful, hike-able desert scenery.", "Vast, magnificent and inarguably beautiful, the Grand Canyon is easily Arizona\u2019s most distinguishable landmark \u2013 and a natural wonder that you simply have to see to believe.", "Discover the world\u2019s longest stalactite formations just a short hop from Tucson, Arizona.", "13,000 years of human history, plus hiking, camping, and horseback riding.", "Year-round outdoor activities, a lively historic downtown, and easy access to the Grand Canyon.", "Want to add one of the grandest landmarks in the United States to your \u201cvisited\u201d list? Visit the surreal sandstone towers in Monument Valley Navajo Tribal Park.", "Hiking, art galleries, fine dining, metaphysical and personal enrichment amongst scenic red rocks.", "by Teresa Bitler", "Shop Local in Phoenix", "by Nora Burba Trulsson", "Food for a Cause: 5 Restaurants that Give Back", "by Jessica Dunham", "Exciting Arizona Destinations", "With so many adventures ahead of you, we\u2019re here to help you go the distance.", "Measure The Miles", "Select Starting City Ajo Ash Fork Benson Bisbee Casa Grande Chandler Clifton Coolidge Cottonwood Douglas Duncan Flagstaff Florence Fredonia Gila Bend Glendale Globe Grand Canyon Lake Havasu City Holbrook Hoover Dam Kingman Mesa Miami Nogales Page Parker Payson Phoenix Prescott Safford St. Johns Scottsdale Sedona Show Low Sierra Vista Springerville Superior Tempe Tombstone Tuba City Tucson Wickenburg Wilcox Williams Winkelman Winslow Yuma to Select Destination City Ajo Ash Fork Benson Bisbee Casa Grande Chandler Clifton Coolidge Cottonwood Douglas Duncan Flagstaff Florence Fredonia Gila Bend Glendale Globe Grand Canyon Lake Havasu City Holbrook Hoover Dam Kingman Mesa Miami Nogales Page Parker Payson Phoenix Prescott Safford St. Johns Scottsdale Sedona Show Low Sierra Vista Springerville Superior Tempe Tombstone Tuba City Tucson Wickenburg Wilcox Williams Winkelman Winslow Yuma", "North Central Northern Phoenix & Central Tucson & Southern West Coast", "The center of the state and the center of it all, this region is where big things happen. You\u2019ll find some of Arizona\u2019s largest cities and South Mountain Park, the largest municipal park in the United States, here. Plus: professional sports teams and award-winning chefs.", "Mesa \u00bb", "Picacho \u00bb", "Tempe \u00bb", "Wickenburg \u00bb" ] }, { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/place/Arizona-state", "title": "Arizona Geography Facts Map History Britannica", "content": [ "state, United States", "James W. Byrkit", "Melvin E. Hecht", "Alternative Title: Grand Canyon State", "Arizona, constituent state of the United States of America. Arizona is the sixth largest state in the country in terms of area. Its population has always been predominantly urban, particularly since the mid-20th century, when urban and suburban areas began growing rapidly at the expense of the countryside. Some scholars believe that the state\u2019s name comes from a Basque phrase meaning \u201cplace of oaks,\u201d while others attribute it to a Tohono O\u2019odham (Papago) Indian phrase meaning \u201cplace of the young (or little) spring.\u201d Arizona achieved statehood on February 14, 1912, the last of the 48 conterminous United States to be admitted to the union.", "Arizona is a land of contradictions. Although widely reputed for its hot low-elevation desert covered with cacti and creosote bushes, more than half of the state lies at an elevation of at least 4,000 feet (1,200 metres) above sea level, and it possesses the largest stand of evergreen ponderosa pine trees in the world. Arizona is well known for its waterless tracts of desert, but, thanks to many large man-made lakes, it has many more miles of shoreline than its reputation might suggest. Such spectacular landforms as the Grand Canyon and the Painted Desert have become international symbols of the region\u2019s ruggedness, yet Arizona\u2019s environment is so delicate that in many ways it is more threatened by pollution than are New York City and Los Angeles. Its romantic reputation as a wild desert and a place of old-fashioned close-to-the-earth simplicity is at variance with the fact that after the 1860s the state\u2019s economy became industrial and technological long before it was pastoral or agrarian.", "Sunset at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, southern Arizona. \u00a9 Digital Vision/Getty Images", "Tucson, Ariz. Jeremy Woodhouse/Getty Images", "Arizona is located in the southwestern quadrant of the conterminous states, bordered by California to the west, Nevada to the northwest, Utah to the north, New Mexico to the east, and the Mexican state of Sonora to the south. The Colorado River forms the boundary with California and Nevada. Phoenix, situated in the south-central part of the state, is the capital and largest city. Area 113,990 square miles (295,233 square km). Population (2010) 6,392,017; (2018 est.) 7,171,646.", "Plate tectonics\u2014the shifting of large, relatively thin segments of Earth\u2019s crust\u2014and stream erosion have done the most to create Arizona\u2019s spectacular topography. Specifically, the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate came into contact and created the major tectonic forces that uplifted, wrinkled, and stretched Arizona\u2019s geologic crust, forming its mountain ranges, basins, and high plateaus. Over the course of millennia, rivers and their tributaries have carved distinctive landforms on these surfaces.", "Arizona Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "United States: The SouthwestThe Southwest. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Arizona desert landscapes. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "To Arizona\u2019s two major physiographic divisions, the Colorado Plateau and the Basin and Range Province, geologists add the Transition Zone (or Central Highlands). The northeastern two-fifths of Arizona is part of the scenic Colorado Plateau. Far less rugged than adjacent portions of the plateau in Utah, these tablelands in Arizona consist mainly of plains interrupted by steplike escarpments. Although they are labeled mesas and plateaus, their ruggedness and inaccessibility have been exaggerated. The incomparable Grand Canyon of the Colorado River provides the major exception to what has proved to be an area easily traversed. Forest-clad volcanic mountains atop the plateaus provide the state\u2019s highest points: Humphreys Peak, 12,633 feet (3,851 metres), in the San Francisco Mountains, and Baldy Mountain, 11,403 feet (3,476 metres), in the White Mountains.", "Arizona physiographic regionsPhysiographic regions of Arizona. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Colorado Plateau and Grand Canyon, northern Arizona. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Vermilion Cliffs National Monument, northern Arizona. \u00a9 Index Open", "More than 200 miles (320 km) of the southern border of the Colorado Plateau is marked by a series of giant escarpments known collectively as the Mogollon Rim. West and south of the rim, a number of streams follow narrow canyons or broad valleys south through the Transition Zone and into the Basin and Range Province. The Transition Zone bordering the plateaus comprises separated plateau blocks, rugged peaks, and isolated rolling uplands so forbidding that they remained mostly unexplored until the late 19th century. The zone marks the ecological border between the low deserts and the forested highlands; it combines elements of both with, for example, the Spanish bayonet of the Sonoran Desert growing alongside the juniper characteristic of higher elevations.", "The Basin and Range region of the southern and western third of the state contains the bulk of the population but none of the large canyons and mesas for which Arizona is famous. It consists largely of broad, open-ended basins or valleys of gentle slope. Isolated northwest-to-southeast\u2013tending mountain ranges rise like islands in the desert plain.", "Contrary to desert stereotypes, sand dunes are nearly nonexistent, and stony desert surfaces are seldom visible except in the far southwestern portion of the state. The younger soils of river floodplains provide the more-desirable soils for agriculture.", "Virtually all of Arizona lies within the Colorado River drainage system. The Gila River, with its major feeder streams\u2014the Salt and the Verde\u2014is by far the Colorado\u2019s main Arizona tributary.", "Colorado River in Marble Canyon, northeastern end of Grand Canyon National Park, northwestern Arizona. \u00a9 Gary Ladd", "Gila RiverGila River, southeastern Arizona. \u00a9 Nathan Chor/Shutterstock.com", "The Black, White, and Verde rivers are the primary perennial tributaries of the Salt River, which enters the Gila River southwest of Phoenix. Only during the infrequent\u2014and occasionally devastating\u2014flood periods does runoff water advance downstream past the numerous dams built on the Salt\u2019s system. The Gila River rises in that part of the Mogollon Rim located in western New Mexico, and it includes another and smaller Mogollon Rim tributary, the San Francisco River. Two intermittent southern Arizona streams, the Santa Cruz and San Pedro rivers, flow northward into the Gila, while two other intermittent streams, the Agua Fria and Hassayampa rivers, drain central Arizona southward into the Gila. Dams and irrigation systems, except on rare occasions, leave the Gila River dry for most of its length.", "The Little Colorado River\u2014which drains the Mogollon Rim\u2019s lee side and flows from southeast to northwest into the Colorado River between Marble Canyon and the Grand Canyon\u2014draws and transports little water from its large watershed. Because of the rain shadow effect on the Mogollon Rim\u2019s lee side, the Little Colorado usually is no more than a trickle and often is dry. Several other small and intermittent streams, such as the Bill Williams River, drain a large but arid part of western Arizona.", "About half of Arizona is semiarid, one-third is arid, and the remainder is humid. The Basin and Range region has the arid and semiarid subtropical climate that attracts most winter visitors and new residents. January days in Phoenix receive more than four-fifths of the possible sunshine and have a mean maximum temperature of 65 \u00b0F (18 \u00b0C). Occasional light frosts occur at most locations in the Basin and Range region in winter, and some precipitation interrupts the exceedingly dry springs and mildly dry falls. Daily maximum readings average 106 \u00b0F (41 \u00b0C) in Phoenix in July, and nighttime temperatures drop to an average of 81 \u00b0F (27 \u00b0C).", "Snow in Monument Valley Navajo Tribal Park, Arizona. Robert Glusic/Getty Images", "Moisture-laden air from the Gulf of California and the eastern Pacific Ocean appears in July, bringing more than two months of irregular but sometimes heavy thundershowers that are locally referred to as the \u201csummer monsoon.\u201d Phoenix and Tucson receive about 1 inch (25 mm) of precipitation in July and about 3 inches (75 mm) total throughout the summer months. Winter rains come from the Pacific.", "The Colorado Plateau has cool to cold winters and a semiarid climate. Average mile-high elevations and direct exposure to polar air masses can produce January mean high and low temperatures as divergent as the 46 \u00b0F (8 \u00b0C) and 19 \u00b0F (\u2212 7 \u00b0C), respectively, in Winslow. Year-round temperatures in Flagstaff are generally 30 \u00b0F (17 \u00b0C) cooler than those of Phoenix. Most of the region receives from 10 to 15 inches (250 to 375 mm) of precipitation annually, with the Mogollon Rim and White Mountains receiving the state\u2019s largest average, 25 inches (625 mm).", "Because of the great diversity of relief within the Transition Zone, climatic conditions there vary widely over small areas. Much of Arizona\u2019s humid area lies in this zone and in the adjacent high southern edge of the Colorado Plateau. There, perennial streams flowing through shaded riparian corridors contribute to atmospheric moisture, resulting in temperatures that are several degrees cooler than those of the nearby deserts.", "Considering the variety in relief and climate, it is not surprising to find similar diversity in the state\u2019s vegetation. About one-tenth of Arizona is forested, one-fourth is woodland, one-fourth is grassland, and the rest is desert shrub. Elevations above 6,000 to 7,000 feet (1,800 to 2,100 metres) host forests of ponderosa pine, topped in the highest areas by Douglas and other firs, spruces, and aspen. From 4,500 to 7,500 feet (1,375 to 2,300 metres) in the northern half of the state, pi\u00f1on pine and juniper predominate, while evergreen oak and chaparral grow between 4,000 and 6,000 feet (1,400 and 1,800 metres) in the central mountains. Plains grasses cover about one-third of the Colorado Plateau, and Sonoran or desert grass carpets the higher elevations of the basins. Mesquite trees have invaded many former grasslands in the south. Cacti grow throughout the state, with the greatest variety below 2,000 feet (600 metres). Foothills in the Tucson-Phoenix area carry giant saguaro cacti of the Sonoran Desert, matched in areas of the northwest Basin and Range by dramatic stands of Joshua trees. Shrubs dominate the lowest portions of all areas: big sagebrush and saltbush in the Colorado Plateau, creosote bush in the Basin and Range.", "Saguaros (Carnegiea gigantea) in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, southwestern Arizona, U.S. \u00a9 Corbis", "Adaptation of desert plants to harsh conditions. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Plant life in the Sonoran Desert, Saguaro National Park, southern Arizona, U.S. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Animal life is even more varied, with representatives of the Rocky Mountain, Great Plains, and Mexican ecological communities. Important larger mammals are black bears, deer, desert bighorns, antelope, and wapiti (elk). The tropical coatimundi, a raccoonlike mammal, has spread northward into Arizona, while the javelina, or peccary (wild pig), is a favourite game animal in the south. Among the several cats, the bobcat and the mountain lion (puma) are most characteristic of Arizona. Coyotes, skunks, and porcupines abound, as do cottontails, jackrabbits, and several varieties of foxes. The state\u2019s southern border area lies along a major flyway and is rich in birdlife, which attracts thousands of watchers. Game birds include turkeys and a variety of quails, doves, and waterfowl. Among native fish are the Arizona trout and the Colorado squawfish. Venomous animals include rattlesnakes, scorpions, and Gila monsters.", "coatimundiWhite-nosed coatimundi, Tucson Mountain Park, Arizona. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) on their nest protected within the prickly branches of a cactus in the Sonoran Desert, Arizona, U.S. \u00a9 C.K. Lorenz, The National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers", "Arizona mountain kingsnakeA small Arizona mountain kingsnake coiled on a large rock. \u00a9 Rusty Dodson/Shutterstock.com", "The indigenous peoples of Arizona are renowned for their rich cultural diversity. However, since the 19th century, the urbanized segments of the state have been cultural outposts that have more obviously reflected tastes, fashions, speech, religious preferences, political attitudes, and life-styles that have come from such diverse localities as Chicago, New York City, Washington, D.C., San Francisco, and Los Angeles.", "Until the latter half of the 19th century, except for very small and scattered groups of indigenous peoples, almost all of central and northern Arizona remained uninhabited. Most of the Spanish occupation of the state was tentative at best and, owing to the constant danger posed by actively hostile Apache bands, remained confined to a few intermittently occupied missions, presidios, and ranches in the Santa Cruz valley, south of Tucson.", "At the time of Arizona\u2019s acquisition (as part of New Mexico; see Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo) by the United States in 1848, fewer than 1,000 people of Hispanic origin lived in Arizona. Not until the 20th century did the number of Hispanic residents in Arizona soar. Today most are Mexicans or descendants of Mexicans who have arrived since 1900. Relations between Mexican Americans and Anglos (a term used by Hispanics for English-speaking whites) have at times been strained in Arizona, but in general the two ethnic groups have a history of cordiality that has often been absent in other border states. While some communities have Mexican barrios (ethnic quarters, often characterized by severe poverty), most Mexican Americans in Arizona live in a variety of neighbourhoods and participate fully in the state\u2019s business, political, and social life. Intermarriage with Anglos is common. Although Mexican food, building styles, home furnishings, clothing, social customs, and music have been incorporated into the Arizona lifestyle and are widely shared by longtime residents, the great majority of people (most of whom are relative newcomers to the state from other parts of the country) have been affected by Mexican culture in only a superficial way. If anything, the Mexican American population has been attracted to mainstream American culture.", "Although the Native American peoples of Arizona, since the time of the Spanish conquistadores, have been subjugated, badly exploited, and abused\u2014much as they were elsewhere\u2014this did not cause the total annihilation or permanent displacement of their population. The culture of Native Americans is very much in evidence in Arizona, although they constitute less than one-tenth of the total population. Native Americans are grouped into 15 tribes on 17 reservations that range in size from the 85-acre (34-hectare) Tonto Apache reserve to the 23,400-square-mile (60,600-square-km) reserve (nearly three-fifths of which lies in Arizona) of the Navajo. The latter tribe, numbering about 100,000 in Arizona, is deeply involved in directing the development of its land and people, and the tribal government assumes complete responsibility in many areas of Navajo social and economic life. Among the remaining tribes the best known are the legendary Apache and the much-studied Hopi. The Tohono O\u2019odham and the Akimel O\u2019odham (Pima) peoples have also received much attention in the anthropological and historical literature. Less well known are the Havasupai, who live at the bottom of the Grand Canyon, the Hualapai, the Yaqui, and the Yavapai. (For more information on the Havasupai, Hualapai, and Yavapai, see Yuman.)", "Navajo Indian Reservation, Arizona, U.S. David McNew/Getty Images", "Arizona\u2019s African American population constitutes only a small proportion of the state\u2019s total. Most of Arizona\u2019s cities and towns include predominantly African American neighbourhoods, the result of de facto housing segregation. The state voluntarily desegregated its schools in the early 1940s. Asians and Pacific Islanders are growing in numbers but still constitute the smallest minorities in the state.", "Despite Arizona\u2019s romantic image as a land of picturesque ghost towns and mining camps, isolated ranches, Native American reservations, and bucolic cotton and citrus farms, virtually all of its population is concentrated in urban areas. Three-fifths of the state\u2019s people live in just one of the state\u2019s 15 counties\u2014Maricopa, where Phoenix is located. Of the 15 counties, 6 collectively contain four-fifths of the state\u2019s population. Only a small number of people live on farms and ranches. Most towns and cities have low population densities.", "Phoenix, ArizonaPhoenix, Arizona. \u00a9 welcomia/Shutterstock.com", "Buildings of adobe can be seen in the older inhabited areas of southern Arizona, while Flagstaff and Prescott\u2014northern Arizona cities settled by New Englanders in the 1860s and \u201970s\u2014have Victorian-style houses that reflect the traditions and preferences of their first inhabitants.", "Prescott, Ariz., c. 1866. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.", "Phoenix is the primary trade centre of the state. Its central location, extensive agricultural economy, and attractive vacation and retirement amenities have caused it to become one of the largest and fastest-growing urban areas in the Southwest. Tucson, while older and smaller, has acted as a doorway to Mexico and maintains well-developed commercial and medical ties with Sonora and other northern states of Mexico. Since 1970, its population growth rate has rivaled that of Phoenix.", "Downtown Phoenix, Ariz. Adalberto Rios Lanz/Sexto Sol/Getty Images", "Tucson, ArizonaDowntown Tucson, Arizona, U.S. \u00a9 Kobby Dagan/Shutterstock.com", "In the early 21st century Arizona\u2019s population experienced dramatic growth at almost three times the national rate. Just over a quarter of the population was under age 18. Some of the new residents, as in the past, were \u201csnowbirds,\u201d retirees who spend the winter in the comparatively warm desert and return to other domiciles when the weather turns hot. So-called \u201cwhite flight\u201d from California and out-migration from declining industrial areas in the Midwestern and Eastern United States accounted for many arrivals of working age. Still other newcomers were lured by opportunities in the metropolitan areas, whose economies were beginning to mature to include desirable high-paying jobs. An untold number arrived illegally, most from Mexico and Central America, and filled the ranks of the state\u2019s low-paid service and agricultural sectors. The overall population was projected to reach 10 million by the year 2027.", "Before World War II the focus of Arizona\u2019s economy was primary production\u2014mineral extraction, lumbering, cattle raising, and crop growing. Since the late 1940s the focus has shifted toward manufacturing industry and services, the economy becoming one that better represents the country\u2019s growing affluence and technology. This is especially true of the Phoenix area, where a vibrant high-technology economy has arisen.", "Biosphere 2Biosphere 2, located in Oracle, Arizona, U.S., shown in 2008. The facility was originally developed to study survivability and assess whether humans were capable of building and living in self-sustaining colonies in outer space. It was later used as a scientific research facility. Carol M. Highsmith s America/Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (LC-DIG-highsm-04715)", "Good soil, plenty of irrigation water, and a long growing season enable Arizona to produce cotton, alfalfa, and a variety of grains, vegetables, fruits, and nuts. Arizona continues to be one of the country\u2019s leading cotton producers. For many years citrus growing has remained an important and expanding part of the state\u2019s economy, and, more recently, wine producers have been successful growing a number of varietal grapes. Livestock products include beef, dairy goods, and poultry and eggs. The average size of farms in Arizona is larger than that in any other state, and farmers and ranchers use more than four-fifths of the state\u2019s water.", "Cotton field near Coolidge, Ariz. \u00a9 Richard Cummins/Corbis", "Metallic ores such as copper, zinc, and, to a modest degree, silver and gold traditionally have brought revenue to the state. Coal from the Black Mesa area of the Native American reservations in northeastern Arizona is important, since coal-fired stations generate much of the electricity for the southwestern United States; the northeastern area also produces a small amount of petroleum, as well as large quantities of uranium.", "Since the 1880s, northern Arizona\u2019s massive stands of ponderosa pine have supplied a strong lumber and pulp-paper industry in the state. Rich alluvial soils, particularly in Yuma, Pinal, Pima, and Maricopa counties, have supported large and profitable agricultural operations. The state\u2019s attractive climate and landscape can also be counted among its most valuable resources.", "The natural geographic corridor created by the Colorado Plateau together with its Mogollon Rim escarpment has made possible Arizona\u2019s irrigation projects and most of the state\u2019s hydroelectric power, including that generated by the Roosevelt, Hoover, and Glen Canyon dams. Altogether, nearly a dozen dams control the Mogollon Rim\u2019s runoff, impounding and diverting the water to provide flood control and lakes for water storage. This hydrologic pattern has been a source of much political and legal trouble for Arizona, including years of litigation with California over rights to water from the Colorado River system. The state\u2019s internal sharing of water is also a major problem because groundwater has been depleted, particularly around Phoenix and Tucson, and there are no new sources of surface water. Cities have found it necessary to buy water rights from distant areas, and litigation involving municipalities, Native American tribes, and federal agencies over water rights is increasingly common.", "Hoover DamThe Hoover Dam on the Colorado River, Arizona-Nevada border, U.S. \u00a9 Ron Gatepain", "Glen Canyon DamGlen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River, near Page, Arizona, U.S. AdstockRF", "Between 1880 and 1950 the production of copper remained by far the most important industry in Arizona. Arizona is still the leading copper-producing state in the country, but manufacturing has grown to become the state\u2019s most important basic industry, notably in electronics, communications, aeronautics, and aluminum. Although this growth has brought one of the most dynamic and affluent economies in the nation, many of Arizona\u2019s outlying counties, particularly those with large Native American populations, remain among the poorest areas in the country.", "copper mineCopper mine near Tucson, Arizona. \u00a9 GalinaSt/Fotolia", "Tourism and retirement", "Urban and industrial expansion have so polluted major areas of Arizona that it no longer serves as the refuge it once did for sick people seeking pure air. The climate, scenery, and casual lifestyle, however, still attract millions of visitors each year, and the state has become a popular retirement centre, particularly in the lower desert areas. Large retirement communities such as Sun City, near Phoenix, and Green Valley, near Tucson, have continued to grow.", "Like other western states, Arizona has not emphasized the development of mass transit systems, and state and municipal governments struggle to build sufficient roads to accommodate a swelling population. It has long been so. The state\u2019s earliest service industry was long-distance cartage over rough desert and mountain country; in modern times, the five interstate highways that pass through Arizona are crowded with heavy trucks. These highways generally follow historic roads, most of which were established along Native American trade routes and accommodated stagecoaches and freight carriers. The railroads followed in the later 19th century, with well-established east-west routes passing through southern and northern Arizona, but there was little service to the rugged interior. A greater focus on mass transit development was evident in the state\u2019s larger cities in the early 21st century. A light-rail system that served Phoenix and the surrounding areas began operating in 2008, and Tucson launched a streetcar service in 2014.", "Highways winding through Salt River Canyon, Arizona. Herb and Dorothy McLaughlin", "Phoenix, Arizona: light-rail trainLight-rail train in Phoenix, Arizona. \u00a9 You Touch Pix of EuToch/Shutterstock.com", "Surface transportation is generally organized on the model of southern California, with streets on a grid pattern punctuated by freeways and highways. Within the cities some attention has been given to the development of bicycle paths. Phoenix\u2019s Sky Harbor International Airport offers nonstop international and domestic flights; Tucson International Airport provides more-limited nonstop flights; and Flagstaff and Yuma airports have fewer still. Many other towns have airports capable of accommodating small jet aircraft, and there are numerous military airfields as well.", "Phoenix, Arizona: freewayFreeway in Phoenix, Arizona. \u00a9 Andrew Zarivny/Shutterstock.com", "Next page Government and society", "United States: The Barack Obama administration", "\u2026constitutionality of the provision of Arizona\u2019s controversial 2010 immigration law that required police to check the legal status of anyone they stop for another law enforcement concern if they reasonably suspect that person to be in the United States illegally; however, the court struck down three of the law\u2019s provisions,\u2026", "Native American: Reorganization", "\u2026to this trend occurred in Arizona and New Mexico, which withheld enfranchisement until 1948 and granted it only after a lengthy lawsuit.\u2026", "\u2026in the present-day states of Arizona and New Mexico.\u2026", "same-sex marriage: United States", "\u2026Proposition 8 were approved in Arizona and Florida in 2008 and in North Carolina in 2012.\u2026", "In flag of Arizona", "In United States: The Barack Obama administration", "In United States Presidential Election of 2008: February 5: Super Tuesday", "In same-sex marriage: United States", "In Arizona: History", "In gas chamber", "Native American history and suffrage", "In Native American: Reorganization", "In Arizona: Land", "In Southwest", "Maps of World - Arizona, United States", "CRW Flags - Flag of Arizona, United States", "Smithsonian Channel - How Was the Grand Canyon Formed?", "National Weather Service - The Monsoon", "Official Site of the State of Arizona, United States", "NETSTATE - Arizona, United States", "Arizona - Children s Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11)", "Arizona - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)", "flag of Arizona", "Seal of Arizona", "Arizona s state bird is the cactus wren.", "The blossom of the saguaro cactus is Arizona s state flower.", "Doug Ducey (Republican)", "Grand Canyon State", "Ditat Deus (God Enriches)", "Coues\u2019 cactus wren", "Martha McSally (Republican)", "Kyrsten Sinema (Democrat)", "Seats in U.S. House of Representatives", "Mountain (GMT \u2212 7 hours)", "1Excluding military abroad.", "Stewart Lee Udall", "Morris King (\u201cMo\u201d) Udall", "Carl T. Hayden", "Walpi", "List of U.S. states dates of admission to the union", "List of cities and towns in the United States", "Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District", "Statehood and growth", "Development of commercial agriculture", "Population influx" ] }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/state/az/index.htm", "title": "Arizona U S National Park Service", "content": [ "Alerts & Conditions \u00bb", "Basic Information \u00bb", "Explore the mystery and complexity of an extended network of communities and irrigation canals. An Ancient Sonoran Desert People s farming community and Great House are preserved at Casa Grande Ruins. Whether the Casa Grande was a gathering place for the Desert People or simply a waypoint marker in an extensive system of canals and trading partners is but part of the mystique of the Ruins", "National Memorial", "It was a journey of conquest filled with exploration, wonder - and cruelty. Inspired by tales of vast cities of gold, 339 European soldiers and hundreds of Aztec allies embarked on an epic journey through arid deserts and rugged mountains. They encountered rich traditions and brought new technologies. The resulting collision and combination of cultures reverberates today.", "Fort Bowie witnessed almost 25 years of conflict between the Chiricahua Apache and the US Army, and remains a tangible connection to the turbulent era of the late 1800s. Explore the history of Fort Bowie and Apache Pass as you hike the 1.5 mile trail to the visitor center and old fort ruins. Today, this peaceful landscape stands in stark contrast to the violence that once gripped this land.", "Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, AZ,UT", "Encompassing over 1.25 million acres, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area offers unparalleled opportunities for water-based & backcountry recreation. The recreation area stretches for hundreds of miles from Lees Ferry in Arizona to the Orange Cliffs of southern Utah, encompassing scenic vistas, geologic wonders, and a vast panorama of human history.", "Unique combinations of geologic color and erosional forms decorate a canyon that is 277 river miles (446km) long, up to 18 miles (29km) wide, and a mile (1.6km) deep. Grand Canyon overwhelms our senses through its immense size. South Rim is open all year. North Rim is closed for the winter. 2019 is the Centennial of Grand Canyon National Park.", "The squeaky wooden floor greets your entry into the oldest operating trading post on the Navajo Nation. When your eyes adjust to the dim light in the bullpen you find you\u2019ve just entered a mercantile. Hubbell Trading Post has been serving Ganado selling goods and Native American Art since 1878. Discover Hubbell Trading Post NHS, where history is made every day!", "Nogales, AZ to San Francisco, CA, AZ,CA", "\u00a1Vayan Subiendo! ( Everyone mount up! ) was the rousing call from Juan Bautista de Anza. In 1775-76, he led some 240 men, women, and children on an epic journey to establish the first non-Native settlement at San Francisco Bay. Today, the 1,200-mile Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail connects history, culture, and outdoor recreation from Nogales, Arizona, to the San Francisco Bay Area.", "the Mojave Desert, AZ,NV", "Boat, hike, cycle, camp and fish at America\u2019s most diverse national recreation area. With striking landscapes and brilliant blue waters, this year-round playground spreads across 1.5 million acres of mountains, canyons, valleys and two vast lakes. See the Hoover Dam from the waters of Lake Mead or Lake Mohave, or find solitude in one of the park s nine wilderness areas.", "Black Mesa, AZ", "The Puebloan Ancestors built Tsegi Phase villages within the natural sandstone alcoves of our canyons. Betatakin, Keet Seel, and Inscription House are the three cliff dwelling sites that are tucked away in the alcoves. These villages, which date from AD 1250 to 1300, thrill all who visit with original architectural elements such as masonry walls, roof beams, and pictographs.", "AZ,CA,CO,NV,NM,UT", "Follow the routes of mule pack trains across the Southwest on the Old Spanish National Historic Trail between Santa Fe, New Mexico, and Los Angeles, California. New Mexican traders moved locally produced merchandise across what are now six states to exchange for mules and horses.", "Look closely. Look again. The sights and sounds of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, an International Biosphere Reserve, reveal a thriving community of plants and animals. Human stories echo throughout this desert preserve, chronicling thousands of years of desert living. A scenic drive, wilderness hike or a night of camping will expose you to a living desert that thrives.", "Take a lonely and rocky two-track road in a 4x4 to the edge of the Grand Wash Cliffs. Find a stunning solitary vista deep into the Grand Canyon. Relax in the shade of ponderosas at Mt. Trumbull. Touch ancient waters at Pakoon Springs in one of the driest places in the world. Parashant is remote. There are no crowds here. Be equipped to leave pavement, cell service, and the 21st century behind.", "Did you know that Petrified Forest is more spectacular than ever? While the park has all the wonders known for a century, there are many new adventures and discoveries to share. There are backcountry hikes into areas never open before such as Red Basin and little known areas like the Martha s Butte. There are new exhibits that bring the stories to life. Come rediscover Petrified Forest!", "Current Conditions \u00bb", "Beneath vermilion cliffs, American Indians, Mormon ranchers, plants, animals, and many others have depended on the life-giving water found at the desert oasis at Pipe Spring. Learn about settler and Kaibab Paiute life by exploring the museum, historic fort and cabins, garden, and Ridge Trail. Visit with rangers and ranch animals, and attend living history demonstrations and talks.", "Sunset Crater Volcano", "The cinder cone volcano s rim is the dusky red of sunset, but the crater is only part of the story. Around 1085 the ground began to shake, and lava spewed high into the air. When the eruption finished, it had changed both the landscape and the people who lived here. Today, it teaches how nature and humankind affect each other\u2014and how rebirth and renewal happen in the wake of disaster.", "Tumac\u00e1cori", "Tumac\u00e1cori, AZ", "Tumac\u00e1cori sits at a cultural crossroads in the Santa Cruz River valley. Here O\u2019odham, Yaqui, and Apache people met and mingled with European Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries, settlers, and soldiers, sometimes in conflict and sometimes in cooperation. Follow the timeworn paths and discover stories that connect us to enduring relationships, vibrant cultures, and traditions of long ago.", "Crowning a desert hilltop is an ancient pueblo. A child scans the desert landscape for the arrival of traders. What riches will they bring? What stories will they tell? From the rooftop of the Tuzigoot pueblo it is easy to imagine such a moment. The pueblo shows us this ancient village built by the Sinagua people. They were farmers and artists with trade connections that spanned hundreds of miles.", "Come gaze across curved canyon walls! Among the remarkable geological formations of the canyon itself, the former homes of ancient inhabitants are easily evident. Along the trails you can imagine life within Walnut Canyon, while visiting actual pueblos and walking in the steps of those who came before.", "13,321,857 Visitors to National Parks", "$1,114,700,000 Economic Benefit from National Park Tourism \u00bb", "$64,635,613 of Land & Water Conservation Fund Appropriated for Projects (since 1965) \u00bb", "$31,115,406 in Historic Preservation Grants (since 1969) \u00bb", "30 Certified Local Governments \u00bb", "81 Community Conservation & Recreation Projects (since 1987) \u00bb", "866 Acres Transferred by Federal Lands to Parks for Local Parks and Recreation (since 1948) \u00bb", "204,886 Hours Donated by Volunteers \u00bb", "1 National Heritage Area \u00bb", "2 National Trails Managed by NPS \u00bb", "1,463 National Register of Historic Places Listings \u00bb", "46 National Historic Landmarks \u00bb", "10 National Natural Landmarks \u00bb", "1 World Heritage Site \u00bb", "608 Places Recorded by Heritage Documentation Programs \u00bb", "10,836,520 Objects in National Park Museum Collections \u00bb", "12,607 Archeological Sites in National Parks \u00bb", "22 Threatened & Endangered Species in National Parks \u00bb", "3 Teaching with Historic Places Lesson Plans \u00bb", "9 Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itineraries \u00bb", "Print the summary \u00bb", "These numbers are just a sample of the National Park Service s work. Figures are for the fiscal year that ended 9/30/2017.", "Get Your America the Beautiful Pass!" ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona", "title": "Arizona Wikipedia", "content": [ "This article is about the U.S. state of Arizona. For other uses, see Arizona (disambiguation).", "The Grand Canyon State;", "The Copper State;", "The Valentine State", "Motto(s): Ditat Deus (God enriches)", "State song(s): The Arizona March Song and Arizona", "Spanish 19.5%", "Navajo 1.9%", "Arizonan[1]", "113,990[2] sq mi", "31\u00b0 20\u2032 N to 37\u00b0 N", "109\u00b0\u200a03\u2032 W to 114\u00b0 49\u2032 W", "Ranked 33rd", "$52,248 [3] (33rd)", "Humphreys Peak[4][5][6]", "Colorado River at the Sonora border[5][6]", "February 14, 1912 (48th)", "Doug Ducey (R)", "Katie Hobbs (D)", "4 Republicans (list)", "Mountain: UTC \u22127 (no DST)", "Mountain: UTC \u22127/\u22126", "US-AZ", "AZ, Ariz.", "www.az.gov", "The Flag of Arizona", "The Seal of Arizona", "Arizona tree frog", "Arizona ridge-nosed rattlesnake", "Blue, old gold", "Colt Single Action Army revolver", "Saguaro cactus flowers and buds after a wet winter. This is Arizona s official state flower.", "Arizona (/\u02cc\u00e6r\u026a\u02c8zo\u028an\u0259/ ( listen); Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation: [x\u00f2\u02d0zt\u00f2 x\u0251\u0300x\u00f2\u02d0ts\u00f2]; O odham: Al\u012d \u1e63onak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [\u02e1a\u027ai \u02e1\u0282onak]) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states. It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona, one of the Four Corners states, is bordered by New Mexico to the east, Utah to the north, Nevada and California to the west, and Mexico to the south, as well as the southwestern corner of Colorado. Arizona s border with Mexico is 389 miles (626 km) long, on the northern border of the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California.", "Arizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union, achieving statehood on February 14, 1912, coinciding with Valentine s Day. Historically part of the territory of Alta California in New Spain, it became part of independent Mexico in 1821. After being defeated in the Mexican\u2013American War, Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848. The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase.", "Southern Arizona is known for its desert climate, with very hot summers and mild winters. Northern Arizona features forests of pine, Douglas fir, and spruce trees; the Colorado Plateau; some mountain ranges (such as the San Francisco Mountains); as well as large, deep canyons, with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff, Alpine, and Tucson. In addition to the Grand Canyon National Park, there are several national forests, national parks, and national monuments.", "About one-quarter of the state[7] is made up of Indian reservations that serve as the home of 27 federally recognized Native American tribes, including the Navajo Nation, the largest in the state and the United States, with more than 300,000 citizens. Although federal law gave all Native Americans the right to vote in 1924, Arizona excluded those living on reservations in the state from voting until the state Supreme Court ruled in favor of Native American plaintiffs in Trujillo v. Garley (1948).[8][9]", "3 Geography and geology", "3.1 Earthquakes", "3.2 Adjacent states", "5.1 Race and ethnicity", "5.3 Cities and towns", "6.2 Largest employers", "7.1.1 Interstate highways", "7.1.2 U.S. routes", "7.2 Public transportation, Amtrak, and intercity bus", "7.3 Aviation", "8.1 Capitol complex", "8.2 State legislative branch", "8.3 State executive branch", "8.4 State judicial branch", "8.6 Federal representation", "8.8 Same-sex marriage and Civil unions", "9.1 Elementary and secondary education", "9.3 Public universities in Arizona", "9.4 Private colleges and universities in Arizona", "9.5 Community colleges", "10 Art and culture", "10.1 Visual arts and museums", "10.2 Film", "10.4.1 College sports", "11.1 Notable people", "11.2 State symbols", "The state s name appears to originate from an earlier Spanish name, Arizonac, derived from the O odham name al\u012d \u1e63onak, meaning small spring , which initially applied only to an area near the silver mining camp of Planchas de Plata, Sonora.[10][11][12][13] To the European settlers, their pronunciation sounded like Arissona .[14] The area is still known as al\u012d \u1e63onak in the O odham language.[15] Another possible origin is the Basque phrase haritz ona ( the good oak ), as there were numerous Basque sheepherders in the area.[16][17][18]", "There is a misconception that the state s name originated from the Spanish term \u00c1rida Zona ( Arid Zone ).[14]", "Find sources: Arizona \u2013 news \u00b7 newspapers \u00b7 books \u00b7 scholar \u00b7 JSTOR (February 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)", "Main article: History of Arizona", "The North Rim of the Grand Canyon", "The South Rim of the Grand Canyon", "For thousands of years before the modern era, Arizona was home to numerous Native American tribes. Hohokam, Mogollon and Ancestral Puebloan cultures were among the many that flourished throughout the state. Many of their pueblos, cliffside dwellings, rock paintings and other prehistoric treasures have survived, attracting thousands of tourists each year.", "La conquista del Colorado, by Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau, depicts Francisco V\u00e1zquez de Coronado s 1540\u20131542 expedition", "The first European contact by native peoples was with Marcos de Niza, a Spanish Franciscan, in 1539. He explored parts of the present state and made contact with native inhabitants, probably the Sobaipuri. The expedition of Spanish explorer Coronado entered the area in 1540\u20131542 during its search for C\u00edbola. Few Spanish settlers migrated to Arizona. One of the first settlers in Arizona was Jos\u00e9 Romo de Vivar.[19]", "Father Kino was the next European in the region. A member of the Society of Jesus ( Jesuits ), he led the development of a chain of missions in the region. He converted many of the Indians to Christianity in the Pimer\u00eda Alta (now southern Arizona and northern Sonora) in the 1690s and early 18th century. Spain founded presidios ( fortified towns ) at Tubac in 1752 and Tucson in 1775.", "When Mexico achieved its independence from the Kingdom of Spain and its Spanish Empire in 1821, what is now Arizona became part of its Territory of Nueva California, ( New California ), also known as Alta California ( Upper California ).[20] Descendants of ethnic Spanish and mestizo settlers from the colonial years still lived in the area at the time of the arrival of later European-American migrants from the United States.", "Mexico in 1824. Alta California is the northwestern-most state.", "During the Mexican\u2013American War (1847\u20131848), the U.S. Army occupied the national capital of Mexico City and pursued its claim to much of northern Mexico, including what later became Arizona Territory in 1863 and later the State of Arizona in 1912. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) specified that, in addition to language and cultural rights of the existing inhabitants of former Mexican citizens being considered as inviolable, the sum of US$15 million dollars in compensation (equivalent to $434,365,384.62 in 2018.) be paid to the Republic of Mexico.[21] In 1853, the U.S. acquired the land south below the Gila River from Mexico in the Gadsden Purchase along the southern border area as encompassing the best future southern route for a transcontinental railway.", "What is now known as the state of Arizona was initially administered by the United States government as part of the Territory of New Mexico until the southern part of that region seceded from the Union to form the Territory of Arizona.[22] This newly established territory was formally organized by the Confederate States government on Saturday, January 18, 1862, when President Jefferson Davis approved and signed An Act to Organize the Territory of Arizona,[23] marking the first official use of the name Territory of Arizona . The Southern territory supplied the Confederate government with men, horses, and equipment. Formed in 1862, Arizona scout companies served with the Confederate States Army during the Civil War. Arizona has the westernmost military engagement on record during the Civil War with the Battle of Picacho Pass.", "Geronimo (far right) and his Apache warriors fought against both Mexican and American settlers.", "The Federal government declared a new U.S. Arizona Territory, consisting of the western half of earlier New Mexico Territory, in Washington, D.C., on February 24, 1863. These new boundaries would later form the basis of the state. The first territorial capital, Prescott, was founded in 1864 following a gold rush to central Arizona.[24] The capital was later moved to Tucson, back to Prescott, and then to its final location in Phoenix in a series of controversial moves as different regions of the territory gained and lost political influence with the growth and development of the territory.[25]", "Although names including Gadsonia, Pimeria, Montezuma and Arizuma had been considered for the territory,[26] when 16th President Abraham Lincoln signed the final bill, it read Arizona, and that name was adopted. (Montezuma was not derived from the Aztec emperor, but was the sacred name of a divine hero to the Pima people of the Gila River Valley. It was probably considered\u2014and rejected\u2014for its sentimental value before Congress settled on the name Arizona. )", "Brigham Young, patriarchal leader of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Salt Lake City in Utah, sent Mormons to Arizona in the mid- to late 19th century. They founded Mesa, Snowflake, Heber, Safford, and other towns. They also settled in the Phoenix Valley (or Valley of the Sun ), Tempe, Prescott, and other areas. The Mormons settled what became northern Arizona and northern New Mexico. At the time these areas were located in a part of the former New Mexico Territory.", "Children of Depression-era migrant workers, Pinal County, 1937", "20th century to present[edit]", "During the Mexican Revolution from 1910 to 1920, several battles were fought in the Mexican towns just across the border from Arizona settlements. Throughout the revolution, numerous Arizonans enlisted in one of the several armies fighting in Mexico. Only two significant engagements took place on U.S. soil between U.S. and Mexican forces: Pancho Villa s 1916 Columbus Raid in New Mexico, and the Battle of Ambos Nogales in 1918 in Arizona. The Americans won the latter.", "After U.S. soldiers were fired on by Mexican federal troops, the American garrison launched an assault into Nogales, Mexico. The Mexicans eventually surrendered after both sides sustained heavy casualties. A few months earlier, just west of Nogales, an Indian War battle had occurred, considered the last engagement in the American Indian Wars, which lasted from 1775 to 1918. U.S. soldiers stationed on the border confronted Yaqui Indians who were using Arizona as a base to raid the nearby Mexican settlements, as part of their wars against Mexico.", "Arizona became a U.S. state on February 14, 1912. Arizona was the 48th state admitted to the U.S. and the last of the contiguous states to be admitted.", "Eleanor Roosevelt at the Gila River relocation center, April 23, 1943", "Cotton farming and copper mining, two of Arizona s most important statewide industries, suffered heavily during the Great Depression. But during the 1920s and even the 1930s, tourism began to develop as the important Arizonan industry it is today. Dude ranches, such as the K L Bar and Remuda in Wickenburg, along with the Flying V and Tanque Verde in Tucson, gave tourists the chance to take part in the flavor and activities of the Old West. Several upscale hotels and resorts opened during this period, some of which are still top tourist draws. They include the Arizona Biltmore Hotel in central Phoenix (opened 1929) and the Wigwam Resort on the west side of the Phoenix area (opened 1936).", "Arizona was the site of German POW camps during World War II and Japanese-American internment camps. Because of wartime fears of Japanese invasion of the West Coast, the government authorized the removal of all Japanese-American residents from western Washington, western Oregon, all of California, and western Arizona. From 1942 to 1945, they were forced to reside in internment camps built in the interior of the country. Many lost their homes and businesses in the process. The camps were abolished after World War II.", "The Phoenix-area German P.O.W. site was purchased after the war by the Maytag family (of major home appliance fame). It was developed as the site of the Phoenix Zoo. A Japanese-American internment camp was located on Mount Lemmon, just outside the state s southeastern city of Tucson. Another POW camp was located near the Gila River in eastern Yuma County.", "Arizona was also home to the Phoenix Indian School, one of several federal Indian boarding schools designed to assimilate Native American children into mainstream European-American culture. Children were often enrolled into these schools against the wishes of their parents and families. Attempts to suppress native identities included forcing the children to cut their hair, to take and use English names, to speak only English, and to practice Christianity rather than their native religions.[27]", "Numerous Native Americans from Arizona fought for the United States during World War II. Their experiences resulted in a rising activism in the postwar years to achieve better treatment and civil rights after their return to the state. After Maricopa County did not allow them to register to vote, in 1948 veteran Frank Harrison and Harry Austin, of the Mojave-Apache Tribe at Fort McDowell Indian Reservation, brought a legal suit, Harrison and Austin v. Laveen, to challenge this exclusion. The Arizona Supreme Court ruled in their favor.[9]", "Arizona s population grew tremendously with residential and business development after World War II, aided by the widespread use of air conditioning, which made the intensely hot summers more comfortable. According to the Arizona Blue Book (published by the Arizona Secretary of State s office each year), the state population in 1910 was 294,353. By 1970, it was 1,752,122. The percentage growth each decade averaged about 20% in the earlier decades, and about 60% each decade thereafter.", "In the 1960s, retirement communities were developed. These were special age-restricted subdivisions catering exclusively to the needs of senior citizens; they attracted many retirees who wanted to escape the harsh winters of the Midwest and the Northeast. Sun City, established by developer Del Webb and opened in 1960, was one of the first such communities. Green Valley, south of Tucson, was another such community, designed as a retirement subdivision for Arizona s teachers. Many senior citizens from across the U.S. and Canada come to Arizona each winter and stay only during the winter months; they are referred to as snowbirds.", "In March 2000, Arizona was the site of the first legally binding election ever held over the internet to nominate a candidate for public office.[28] In the 2000 Arizona Democratic Primary, under worldwide attention, Al Gore defeated Bill Bradley. Voter turnout in this state primary increased more than 500% over the 1996 primary.", "Three ships named USS Arizona have been christened in honor of the state, although only USS Arizona (BB-39) was so named after statehood was achieved.", "Geography and geology[edit]", "Main article: Geography of Arizona", "K\u00f6ppen climate types of Arizona", "West Mitten at Monument Valley", "Blue Mesa at Petrified Forest National Park", "The San Francisco Peaks seen from Bellemont", "Sonoran Desert at Saguaro National Park", "Cathedral Rock near Red Rock Crossing in Sedona", "See also lists of counties, islands, rivers, lakes, state parks, national parks, national forests, and volcanic craters.", "Arizona is in the Southwestern United States as one of the Four Corners states. Arizona is the sixth largest state by area, ranked after New Mexico and before Nevada. Of the state s 113,998 square miles (295,000 km2), approximately 15% is privately owned. The remaining area is public forest and park land, state trust land and Native American reservations.", "Arizona is well known for its desert Basin and Range region in the state s southern portions, which is rich in a landscape of xerophyte plants such as the cactus. This region s topography was shaped by prehistoric volcanism, followed by the cooling-off and related subsidence. Its climate has exceptionally hot summers and mild winters. The state is less well known for its pine-covered north-central portion of the high country of the Colorado Plateau (see Arizona Mountains forests).", "Like other states of the Southwest United States, Arizona has an abundance of mountains and plateaus. Despite the state s aridity, 27% of Arizona is forest,[29] a percentage comparable to modern-day France or Germany[citation needed]. The world s largest stand of ponderosa pine trees is in Arizona.[30]", "The Mogollon Rim, a 1,998-foot (609 m) escarpment, cuts across the state s central section and marks the southwestern edge of the Colorado Plateau. In 2002, this was an area of the Rodeo\u2013Chediski Fire, the worst fire in state history.", "Located in northern Arizona, the Grand Canyon is a colorful, deep, steep-sided gorge, carved by the Colorado River. The canyon is one of the seven natural wonders of the world and is largely contained in the Grand Canyon National Park\u2014one of the first national parks in the United States. President Theodore Roosevelt was a major proponent of designating the Grand Canyon area as a National Park, often visiting to hunt mountain lion and enjoy the scenery. The canyon was created by the Colorado River cutting a channel over millions of years, and is about 277 miles (446 km) long, ranges in width from 4 to 18 miles (6 to 29 km) and attains a depth of more than 1 mile (1.6 km). Nearly two billion years of the Earth s history have been exposed as the Colorado River and its tributaries cut through layer after layer of sediment as the Colorado Plateau uplifted.", "Arizona is home to one of the most well-preserved meteorite impact sites in the world. Created around 50,000 years ago, the Barringer Meteorite Crater (better known simply as Meteor Crater ) is a gigantic hole in the middle of the high plains of the Colorado Plateau, about 25 miles (40 km) west of Winslow. A rim of smashed and jumbled boulders, some of them the size of small houses, rises 150 feet (46 m) above the level of the surrounding plain. The crater itself is nearly 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) wide, and 570 feet (170 m) deep.", "Arizona is one of two U.S. states that does not observe Daylight Saving Time (the other being Hawaii). The exception is within the large Navajo Nation (which observes Daylight Saving Time), in the state s northeastern region.", "Earthquakes[edit]", "Generally, Arizona is at low risk of earthquakes, except for the southwestern portion which is at moderate risk due to its proximity to southern California. On the other hand, northern Arizona is at moderate risk due to numerous faults in the area. The regions near and west of Phoenix have the lowest risk.[31]", "The earliest Arizona earthquakes were recorded at Fort Yuma, on the California side of the Colorado River. They were centered near the Imperial Valley, or Mexico, back in the 1800s. Residents in Douglas felt the 1887 Sonora earthquake with its epicenter 40 miles to the south in the Mexican state of Sonora.[32] The first damaging earthquake known to be centered within Arizona occurred on January 25, 1906, also including a series of other earthquakes centered near Socorro, New Mexico. The shock was violent in Flagstaff.", "In September 1910, a series of 52 earthquakes caused a construction crew near Flagstaff to leave the area. In 1912, the year Arizona achieved statehood, on August 18, an earthquake caused a 50-mile crack in the San Francisco Range. In early January 1935, the state experienced a series of earthquakes, in the Yuma area and near the Grand Canyon. Arizona experienced its largest earthquake in 1959, with a tremor of a magnitude 5.6. It was centered near Fredonia, in the state s northwest near the border with Utah. The tremor was felt across the border in Nevada and Utah.[32]", "Adjacent states[edit]", "Utah (north)", "Colorado (northeast)", "Nevada (northwest)", "Sonora, Mexico (south)", "Baja California, Mexico (southwest)", "New Mexico (east)", "Due to its large area and variations in elevation, the state has a wide variety of localized climate conditions. In the lower elevations, the climate is primarily desert, with mild winters and extremely hot summers. Typically, from late fall to early spring, the weather is mild, averaging a minimum of 60 \u00b0F (16 \u00b0C). November through February are the coldest months, with temperatures typically ranging from 40 to 75 \u00b0F (4 to 24 \u00b0C), with occasional frosts.[33]", "About midway through February, the temperatures start to rise, with warm days, and cool, breezy nights. The summer months of June through September bring a dry heat from 90 to 120 \u00b0F (32 to 49 \u00b0C), with occasional high temperatures exceeding 125 \u00b0F (52 \u00b0C) having been observed in the desert area.[33] Arizona s all-time record high is 128 \u00b0F (53 \u00b0C) recorded at Lake Havasu City on June 29, 1994, and July 5, 2007; the all-time record low of \u221240 \u00b0F (\u221240 \u00b0C) was recorded at Hawley Lake on January 7, 1971.", "Due to the primarily dry climate, large diurnal temperature variations occur in less-developed areas of the desert above 2,500 ft (760 m). The swings can be as large as 83 \u00b0F (46 \u00b0C) in the summer months. In the state s urban centers, the effects of local warming result in much higher measured night-time lows than in the recent past.", "Arizona has an average annual rainfall of 12.7 in (323 mm),[34] which comes during two rainy seasons, with cold fronts coming from the Pacific Ocean during the winter and a monsoon in the summer.[35] The monsoon season occurs toward the end of summer. In July or August, the dewpoint rises dramatically for a brief period. During this time, the air contains large amounts of water vapor. Dewpoints as high as 81 \u00b0F (27 \u00b0C)[36] have been recorded during the Phoenix monsoon season. This hot moisture brings lightning, thunderstorms, wind, and torrential, if usually brief, downpours. These downpours often cause flash floods, which can turn deadly. In an attempt to deter drivers from crossing flooding streams, the Arizona Legislature enacted the Stupid Motorist Law. It is rare for tornadoes or hurricanes to occur in Arizona.", "Arizona s northern third is a plateau at significantly higher altitudes than the lower desert, and has an appreciably cooler climate, with cold winters and mild summers, though the climate remains semiarid to arid. Extremely cold temperatures are not unknown; cold air systems from the northern states and Canada occasionally push into the state, bringing temperatures below 0 \u00b0F (\u221218 \u00b0C) to the state s northern parts.", "Indicative of the variation in climate, Arizona is the state which has both the metropolitan area with the most days over 100 \u00b0F (38 \u00b0C) (Phoenix), and the metropolitan area in the lower 48 states with the most days with a low temperature below freezing (Flagstaff).[37]", "Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected cities in Arizona[38]", "December (\u00b0F)", "December (\u00b0C)", "Phoenix 106/83 41/28 66/45 19/7", "Tucson 100/74 38/23 65/39 18/4", "Yuma 107/82 42/28 68/46 20/8", "Flagstaff 81/51 27/11 42/17 6/\u20138", "Prescott 89/60 32/16 51/23 11/\u20135", "Kingman 98/66 37/19 56/32 13/0", "Main article: Demographics of Arizona", "A population density map of Arizona", "Sources: 1910\u20132010[39]", "Note that early censuses", "Native Americans in Arizona", "The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Arizona was 7,171,646 on July 1, 2018, a 12.20% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[40]", "Arizona remained sparsely settled for most of the 19th century.[41] The 1860 census reported the population of Arizona County to be 6,482, of whom 4,040 were listed as Indians , 21 as free colored , and 2,421 as white .[42][43] Arizona s continued population growth puts an enormous stress on the state s water supply.[44] As of 2011[update], 61.3% of Arizona s children under the age of 1 belonged to minority groups.[45]", "The population of metropolitan Phoenix increased by 45.3% from 1991 through 2001, helping to make Arizona the second fastest-growing state in the U.S. in the 1990s (the fastest was Nevada).[46] As of July 2017[update], the population of the Phoenix area is estimated to be over 4.7 million.", "According to the 2010 United States Census, Arizona had a population of 6,392,017. In 2010, illegal immigrants constituted an estimated 7.9% of the population. This was the second highest percentage of any state in the U.S.[47][48]", "Metropolitan Phoenix (4.7 million) and Tucson (1 million) are home to about five-sixths of Arizona s people (as of the 2010 census). Metro Phoenix alone accounts for two-thirds of the state s population.", "Race and ethnicity[edit]", "In 1980, the Census Bureau reported Arizona s population as 16.2% Hispanic, 5.6% Native American, and 74.5% non-Hispanic white.[49] In 2010, the racial makeup of the state was:", "4.6% Native American and Alaska Native", "4.1% Black or African American", "11.9% from some other race", "3.4% from two or more races.", "Hispanics or Latinos of any race made up 29.6% of the state s population. Non-Hispanic whites formed 57.8% of the total population.[50]", "Arizona racial breakdown of population", "White 90.6% 80.8% 75.5% 73.0%", "Native 5.4% 5.5% 5.0% 4.6%", "Black 3.0% 3.0% 3.1% 4.1%", "Native Hawaiian and", "other Pacific Islander \u2013 \u2013 0.1% 0.2%", "Other race 0.5% 9.1% 11.6% 11.9%", "Two or more races \u2013 \u2013 2.9% 3.4%", "Arizona s five largest ancestry groups, as of 2009[update], were:[54]", "Mexican (27.4%);", "German (16.0%);", "Irish (10.8%);", "English (10.1%);", "Italian (4.6%).", "Top 10 non-English languages spoken in Arizona", "(as of 2010)[55]", "Navajo 1.48%", "German 0.39%", "Vietnamese 0.30%", "Other North American indigenous languages (especially indigenous languages of Arizona) 0.27%", "French 0.26%", "Arabic 0.24%", "Apache 0.18%", "Extent of the Spanish language in the state of Arizona", "As of 2010[update], 72.90% (4,215,749) of Arizona residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a primary language, while 20.80% (1,202,638) spoke Spanish, 1.48% (85,602) Navajo, 0.39% (22,592) German, 0.39% (22,426) Chinese (which includes Mandarin), 0.33% (19,015) Tagalog, 0.30% (17,603) Vietnamese, 0.27% (15,707) Other North American Indigenous Languages (especially indigenous languages of Arizona), and French was spoken as a main language by 0.26% (15,062) of the population over the age of five. In total, 27.10% (1,567,548) of Arizona s population age 5 and older spoke a mother language other than English.[55]", "Arizona is home to the largest number of speakers of Native American languages in the 48 contiguous states, as over 85,000 individuals reported speaking Navajo,[56] and 10,403 people reported Apache, as a language spoken at home in 2005.[56] Arizona s Apache County has the highest concentration of speakers of Native American Indian languages in the United States.[57]", "View of suburban development in Scottsdale, 2006", "Art Deco doors of the Cochise County Courthouse in Bisbee", "See also: List of places in Arizona, List of cities and towns in Arizona, and List of Arizona counties", "Phoenix, located in Maricopa County, is the capital and the largest city in Arizona. Other prominent cities in the Phoenix metro area include Mesa (the third largest city in Arizona), Chandler (the fourth largest city in Arizona), Glendale, Peoria, Buckeye, Sun City, Sun City West, Fountain Hills, Surprise, Gilbert, El Mirage, Avondale, Tempe, Tolleson and Scottsdale, with a total metropolitan population of just over 4.7 million.[58] The average high temperature in July, 106 \u00b0F (41 \u00b0C), is one of the highest of any metropolitan area in the United States, offset by an average January high temperature of 67 \u00b0F (19 \u00b0C), the basis of its winter appeal.", "Tucson, with a metro population of just over one million, is the state s second-largest city. It is located in Pima County, approximately 110 miles (180 km) southeast of Phoenix. Tucson was incorporated in 1877, making it the oldest incorporated city in Arizona. It is home to the University of Arizona. Major incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. It has an average July temperature of 100 \u00b0F (38 \u00b0C) and winter temperatures averaging 65 \u00b0F (18 \u00b0C). Saguaro National Park, just west of the city in the Tucson Mountains, is the locale of the largest collection of Saguaro cacti in the world.", "The Prescott metropolitan area includes the cities of Prescott, Cottonwood, Camp Verde and numerous other towns spread out over the 8,123 square miles (21,000 km2) of Yavapai County area. With 212,635 residents, this cluster of towns forms the third largest metropolitan area in the state. The city of Prescott (population 41,528) lies approximately 100 miles (160 km) northwest of the Phoenix metropolitan area. Situated in pine tree forests at an elevation of about 5,500 feet (1,700 m), Prescott enjoys a much cooler climate than Phoenix, with average summer highs around 88 \u00b0F (31 \u00b0C) and winter temperatures averaging 50 \u00b0F (10 \u00b0C).", "Yuma is center of the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Arizona. Located in Yuma County, it is near the borders of California and Mexico. It is one of the hottest cities in the United States, with an average July high of 107 \u00b0F (42 \u00b0C). (The same month s average in Death Valley is 115 \u00b0F (46 \u00b0C).) The city features sunny days about 90% of the year. The Yuma Metropolitan Statistical Area has a population of 160,000. Yuma attracts many winter visitors from all over the United States.", "Flagstaff, in Coconino County, is the largest city in northern Arizona, and is at an elevation of nearly 7,000 feet (2,100 m). With its large Ponderosa pine forests, snowy winter weather and picturesque mountains, it is a stark contrast to the desert regions typically associated with Arizona. It is sited at the base of the San Francisco Peaks, the highest mountain range in the state of Arizona, which contain Humphreys Peak, the highest point in Arizona at 12,633 feet (3,851 m). Flagstaff has a strong tourism sector, due to its proximity to numerous tourist attractions including: Grand Canyon National Park, Sedona, and Oak Creek Canyon. Historic U.S. Route 66 is the main east-west street in the town. The Flagstaff metropolitan area is home to 134,421 residents and the main campus of Northern Arizona University.", "Lake Havasu City, in Mohave County, known as Arizona s playground, was developed on the Colorado River and is named after Lake Havasu. Lake Havasu City has a population of about 53,000 people. It is famous for huge spring break parties, sunsets and the London Bridge, relocated from London, England. Lake Havasu City was founded by real estate developer Robert P. McCulloch in 1963.[59] It has two colleges, Mohave Community College and ASU Colleges in Lake Havasu City.[60]", "Largest cities or towns in Arizona", "Tucson 1 Phoenix Maricopa 1,626,078 11 Yuma Yuma 95,502", "2 Tucson Pima 535,677 12 San Tan Valley Pinal 93,000", "3 Mesa Maricopa 496,401 13 Avondale Maricopa 84,025", "4 Chandler Maricopa 253,458 14 Goodyear Maricopa 79,858", "5 Scottsdale Maricopa 249,950 15 Casas Adobes Pima 74,000", "6 Glendale Maricopa 246,709 16 Flagstaff Coconino 71,975", "7 Gilbert Maricopa 242,354 17 Buckeye Maricopa 68,453", "8 Tempe Maricopa 185,038 18 Casa Grande Pinal 55,477", "9 Peoria Maricopa 168,181 19 Lake Havasu City Mohave 54,411", "10 Surprise Maricopa 134,085 20 Catalina Foothills Pima 54,000", "The Spanish mission of San Xavier del Bac, founded in 1700", "Religion in Arizona (2014)[62]", "As of the year 2010, the Association of Religion Data Archives reported that the three largest denominational groups in Arizona were the Catholic Church, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints and non-denominational Evangelical Protestants. The Catholic Church has the highest number of adherents in Arizona (at 930,001), followed by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with 410,263 members reported[63] and then non-denominational Evangelical Protestants, reporting 281,105 adherents.[64] The religious body with the largest number of congregations is The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (with 836 congregations[65]) followed by the Southern Baptist Convention (with 323 congregations).", "According to the Association of Religion Data Archives, the fifteen largest denominations by number of adherents in 2010 and 2000 were:[66][67]", "Catholic Church 930,001 974,884", "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 410,263 251,974", "Non-denominational Christian 281,105 63,885[nb 1]", "Southern Baptist Convention 126,830 138,516", "Assemblies of God 123,713 82,802", "United Methodist Church 54,977 53,232", "Christian Churches and Churches of Christ 48,386 33,162", "Evangelical Lutheran Church in America 42,944 69,393", "Lutheran Church\u2013Missouri Synod 26,322 24,977", "Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) 26,078 33,554", "Episcopal Church (United States) 24,853 31,104", "Seventh-day Adventist Church 20,924 11,513", "Church of the Nazarene 16,991 18,143", "Lutheran Congregations in Mission for Christ 14,350 0", "Churches of Christ 14,151 14,471", "Regarding non-Christian denominations, Hinduism became the largest non-Christian religion (when combining all denominations) in 2010, with over 32,000 adherents in several denominations, followed by Judaism with over 20,000 in three denominations, and Buddhism with over 19,000 adherents in several denominations.[66][68][69]", "Arizona s Meteor Crater is a tourist attraction.", "See also: Arizona locations by per capita income", "The 2011 total gross state product was $259 billion. This figure gives Arizona a larger economy than such countries as Ireland, Finland, and New Zealand. The composition of the state s economy is moderately diverse; although health care, transportation and the government remain the largest sectors.", "The state s per capita income is $40,828, ranking 39th in the U.S. The state had a median household income of $50,448, making it 22nd in the country and just below the U.S. national mean.[70] Early in its history, Arizona s economy relied on the five C s : copper (see Copper mining in Arizona), cotton, cattle, citrus, and climate (tourism). Copper is still extensively mined from many expansive open-pit and underground mines, accounting for two-thirds of the nation s output.", "Employment[edit]", "The state government is Arizona s largest employer, while Banner Health is the state s largest private employer, with over 39,000 employees (2016). As of March 2016[update], the state s unemployment rate was 5.4%.[71]", "The top employment sectors in Arizona are (August 2014, excludes agriculture):", "Employees (thousands)", "Trade, transportation, and utilities 488.6", "Government 408.5", "Education and health services 392.1", "Professional and business services 384.2", "Leisure and hospitality 286.4", "Financial activities 193.2", "Manufacturing 156.0", "Other services 88.2", "Information 41.8", "Mining and logging 13.7", "Largest employers[edit]", "According to The Arizona Republic, the largest private employers in the state as of 2016[update] were:[72]", "1 Banner Health 39,781 Health care", "2 Walmart Stores, Inc. 34,856 Discount retailer", "3 Kroger Co. 16,856 Grocery stores", "4 McDonald s Corp. 15,781 Food service", "5 Wells Fargo & Co. 15,071 Financial services", "6 Albertsons Inc. 14,490 Grocery stores, retail drugstores", "7 Intel Corp. 11,300 Semiconductor manufacturing", "8 HonorHealth 10,600 Health care", "9 (tie) American Airlines 10,000 Airline", "Home Depot Inc. 10,000 Retail home improvement", "Honeywell International Inc. 10,000 Aerospace manufacturing", "12 Bank of America Corp. 9,800 Financial services", "13 Raytheon Co. 9,600 Defense (missile manufacturing)", "14 JP Morgan Chase & Co. 9,500 Financial services", "15 Bashas Supermarkets 8,525 Grocery stores", "16 Target Corp. 8,241 Discount retailer", "17 Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. 8,030 Mining", "18 Dignity Health 8,000 Health care", "19 CVS Health 7,200 Pharmaceutical services (including retail drugstores)", "20 American Express Co. 7,079 Financial services", "21 Circle K Corp. 6,800 Convenience stores", "22 UnitedHealthcare 6,000 Health care", "23 Pinnacle West Capital Corp. 6,407 Electric utility", "24 Mayo Foundation 6,274 Health care", "25 Amazon.com 6,000 Online Shopping", "Arizona collects personal income taxes in five brackets: 2.59%, 2.88%, 3.36%, 4.24% and 4.54%.[73] The state transaction privilege tax is 5.6%; however, county and municipal sales taxes generally add an additional 2%.", "The state rate on transient lodging (hotel/motel) is 7.27%. The state of Arizona does not levy a state tax on food for home consumption or on drugs prescribed by a licensed physician or dentist. However, some cities in Arizona do levy a tax on food for home consumption.", "All fifteen Arizona counties levy a tax. Incorporated municipalities also levy transaction privilege taxes which, with the exception of their hotel/motel tax, are generally in the range of 1-to-3%. These added assessments could push the combined sales tax rate to as high as 10.7%.", "0 \u2013 $10,000 2.590% 0 \u2013 $20,000 2.590%", "$10,000 \u2013 $25,000 2.880% $20,001 \u2013 $50,000 2.880%", "$25,000 \u2013 $50,000 3.360% $50,001 \u2013 $100,000 3.360%", "$50,000 \u2013 $150,001 4.240% $100,000 \u2013 $300,001 4.240%", "$150,001 + 4.540% $300,001 + 4.540%", "Main article: Transportation in Arizona", "Entering Arizona on I-10 from New Mexico", "Interstate highways[edit]", "I-8 | I-10 | Future I-11 | I-15 | I\u201117 | I\u201119 | I-40", "U.S. routes[edit]", "US 60 | US 64 | US 70 | US 89 | US 91 | US 93 | US 95 | US 160 | US 163 | US 180 | US 191", "Main interstate routes include I-17, and I-19 traveling north-south, I-8, I-10, and I-40, traveling east-west, and a short stretch of I-15 traveling northeast\u2013southwest through the extreme northwestern corner of the state. In addition, the various urban areas are served by complex networks of state routes and highways, such as the Loop 101, which is part of Phoenix s vast freeway system.", "Public transportation, Amtrak, and intercity bus[edit]", "The Phoenix and Tucson metropolitan areas are served by public bus transit systems. Yuma and Flagstaff also have public bus systems. Greyhound Lines serves Phoenix, Tucson, Flagstaff, Yuma, and several smaller communities statewide.", "A Navajo man on horseback in Monument Valley", "A light rail system, called Valley Metro Rail, was completed in December 2008; it connects Central Phoenix with the nearby cities of Mesa and Tempe.", "In Tucson, the Sun Link streetcar system travels through the downtown area, connecting the main University of Arizona campus with Mercado San Agustin on the western edge of downtown Tucson. Sun Link, loosely based on the Portland Streetcar, launched in July 2014.[74]", "Amtrak Southwest Chief route serves the northern part of the state, stopping at Winslow, Flagstaff, Williams and Kingman. The Texas Eagle and Sunset Limited routes serve South-Central Arizona, stopping at Tucson, Maricopa, Yuma and Benson. Phoenix lost Amtrak service in 1996 with the discontinuation of the Desert Wind, and now an Amtrak bus runs between Phoenix and the station in Maricopa.", "See also: List of passenger train stations in Arizona", "See also: List of airports in Arizona", "Airports with regularly scheduled commercial flights include: Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (IATA: PHX, ICAO: KPHX) in Phoenix (the largest airport and the major international airport in the state); Tucson International Airport (IATA: TUS, ICAO: KTUS) in Tucson; Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport (IATA: AZA, ICAO: KIWA) in Mesa; Yuma International Airport (IATA: NYL, ICAO: KNYL) in Yuma; Prescott Municipal Airport (PRC) in Prescott; Flagstaff Pulliam Airport (IATA: FLG, ICAO: KFLG) in Flagstaff, and Grand Canyon National Park Airport (IATA: GCN, ICAO: KGCN, FAA: GCN), a small, but busy, single-runway facility providing tourist flights, mostly from Las Vegas. Phoenix Sky Harbor is currently 7th busiest airport in the world in terms of aircraft movements, and 17th for passenger traffic.[75][76]", "Other significant airports without regularly scheduled commercial flights include Scottsdale Municipal Airport (IATA: SCF, ICAO: KSDL) in Scottsdale, and Deer Valley Airport (IATA: DVT, ICAO: KDVT, FAA: DVT) home to two flight training academies and the nation s busiest general aviation airport.[77]", "Main article: Government of Arizona", "See also: Arizona Constitution, United States congressional delegations from Arizona, List of Arizona Governors, Political party strength in Arizona, and Arizona Revised Statutes", "Capitol complex[edit]", "The original Arizona State Capitol, Phoenix", "The state capital of Arizona is Phoenix. The original Capitol building, with its distinctive copper dome, was dedicated in 1901 (construction was completed for $136,000 in 1900), when the area was still a territory. Phoenix became the official state capital with Arizona s admission to the union in 1912.", "The House of Representatives and Senate buildings were dedicated in 1960, and an Executive Office Building was dedicated in 1974 (the ninth floor of this building is where the Office of the Governor is located). The original Capitol building was converted into a museum.", "The Capitol complex is fronted and highlighted by the richly landscaped Wesley Bolin Memorial Plaza, named after Wesley Bolin, a governor who died in office in the 1970s. Numerous monuments and memorials are on the site, including the anchor and signal mast from the USS Arizona (one of the U.S. Navy ships sunk in Pearl Harbor) and a granite version of the Ten Commandments.", "State legislative branch[edit]", "The Arizona Legislature is bicameral (like the legislature of every other state except Nebraska) and consists of a thirty-member Senate and a 60-member House of Representatives. Each of the thirty legislative districts has one senator and two representatives. Legislators are elected for two-year terms.", "Each Legislature covers a two-year period. The first session following the general election is known as the first regular session, and the session convening in the second year is known as the second regular session. Each regular session begins on the second Monday in January and adjourns sine die (terminates for the year) no later than Saturday of the week in which the 100th day from the beginning of the regular session falls. The President of the Senate and Speaker of the House, by rule, may extend the session up to seven additional days. Thereafter, the session can only be extended by a majority vote of members present of each house.", "The current majority party is the Republican Party, which has held power in both houses since 1993.", "Arizona state senators and representatives are elected for two-year terms and are limited to four consecutive terms in a chamber, though there is no limit on the total number of terms. When a lawmaker is term-limited from office, it is not uncommon for him or her to run for election in the other chamber.", "The fiscal year 2006\u201307 general fund budget, approved by the Arizona Legislature in June 2006, is slightly less than $10 billion. Besides the money spent on state agencies, it also includes more than $500 million in income- and property tax cuts, pay raises for government employees, and additional funding for the K\u201312 education system.", "State executive branch[edit]", "State of Arizona elected officials", "Governor Doug Ducey (R)", "Secretary of State Katie Hobbs (D)", "Attorney General Mark Brnovich (R)", "State Treasurer Kimberley Yee (R)", "Superintendent of Public Instruction Kathy Hoffman (D)", "State Mine Inspector Joe Hart (R)", "Corporation Commissioner", "Sandra Kennedy (D)", "Bob Burns (R)", "Boyd Dunn (R)", "Justin Olson (R)", "Arizona s executive branch is headed by a governor, who is elected to a four-year term. The governor may serve any number of terms, though no more than two in a row. Arizona is one of the few states that does not maintain a governor s mansion. During office the governors reside within their private residence, and all executive offices are housed in the executive tower at the state capitol. The current governor of Arizona is Doug Ducey (R).", "Former Governor Jan Brewer assumed office after Janet Napolitano had her nomination by Barack Obama for Secretary of Homeland Security confirmed by the United States Senate.[78] Arizona has had four female governors, more than any other state.", "Other elected executive officials include the Secretary of State, State Treasurer, State Attorney General, Superintendent of Public Instruction, State Mine Inspector and a five-member Corporation Commission. All elected officials hold a term of four years, and are limited to two consecutive terms (except the office of the State Mine Inspector, which is limited to 4 terms[79]).", "Arizona is one of five states that do not have a specified lieutenant governor. The secretary of state is the first in line to succeed the governor in the event of death, disability, resignation, or removal from office. The line of succession also includes the attorney general, state treasurer and superintendent of public instruction. Since 1977, four secretaries of state and one attorney general have risen to Arizona s governorship through these means.", "State judicial branch[edit]", "The Arizona Supreme Court is the highest court in Arizona. The court currently consists of one chief justice, a vice chief justice, and three associate justices. Justices are appointed by the governor from a list recommended by a bipartisan commission, and are re-elected after the initial two years following their appointment. Subsequent re-elections occur every six years. The supreme court has appellate jurisdiction in death penalty cases, but almost all other appellate cases go through the Arizona Court of Appeals beforehand. The court has original jurisdiction in a few other circumstances, as outlined in the state constitution. The court may also declare laws unconstitutional, but only while seated en banc. The court meets in the Arizona Supreme Court Building at the capitol complex (at the southern end of Wesley Bolin Plaza).", "The Arizona Court of Appeals, further divided into two divisions, is the intermediate court in the state. Division One is based in Phoenix, consists of sixteen judges, and has jurisdiction in the Western and Northern regions of the state, along with the greater Phoenix area. Division Two is based in Tucson, consists of six judges, and has jurisdiction over the Southern regions of the state, including the Tucson area. Judges are selected in a method similar to the one used for state supreme court justices.", "Each county of Arizona has a superior court, the size and organization of which are varied and generally depend on the size of the particular county.", "Arizona is divided into political jurisdictions designated as counties. There are 15 counties in the state, ranging in size from 1,238 square miles (3,210 km2) to 18,661 square miles (48,330 km2).", "2010 population[80]", "Area (sq. mi.)", "Apache St. Johns 1879 71,518 1.12 % 11,218 9.84 %", "Cochise Bisbee 1881 131,346 2.05 % 6,219 5.46 %", "Coconino Flagstaff 1891 134,421 2.10 % 18,661 16.37 %", "Gila Globe 1881 53,597 0.84 % 4,796 4.21 %", "Graham Safford 1881 37,220 0.58 % 4,641 4.07 %", "Greenlee Clifton 1909 8,437 0.13 % 1,848 1.62 %", "La Paz Parker 1983 20,489 0.32 % 4,513 3.96 %", "Maricopa Phoenix 1871 3,817,117 59.72 % 9,224 8.09 %", "Mohave Kingman 1864 200,186 3.13 % 13,470 11.82 %", "Navajo Holbrook 1895 107,449 1.68 % 9,959 8.74 %", "Pima Tucson 1864 980,263 15.34 % 9,189 8.06 %", "Pinal Florence 1875 375,770 5.88 % 5,374 4.71 %", "Santa Cruz Nogales 1899 47,420 0.74 % 1,238 1.09 %", "Yavapai Prescott 1864 211,033 3.30 % 8,128 7.13 %", "Yuma Yuma 1864 195,751 3.06 % 5,519 4.84 %", "Totals: 15 6,392,017 113,997", "Federal representation[edit]", "Arizona s two United States Senators are Kyrsten Sinema (D) and Martha McSally (R). McSally was appointed by Governor Ducey to succeed acting senator Jon Kyl to fill the spot formerly occupied by the late six-term senior Senator John McCain, who died August 25, 2018. Senator McSally, will serve in office until a special election in 2020.", "As of the start of the 115th Congress, Arizona s representatives in the United States House of Representatives are Tom O Halleran (D-1), Ann Kirkpatrick (D-2), Raul Grijalva (D-3), Paul Gosar (R-4), Andy Biggs (R-5), David Schweikert (R-6), Ruben Gallego (D-7), Debbie Lesko (R-8), and Greg Stanton (D-9). Arizona gained a ninth seat in the House of Representatives due to redistricting based on Census 2010.", "2016 49.15% 1,240,656 45.35% 1,144,709", "See also: Elections in Arizona, Political party strength in Arizona", "Voter registration and party enrollment as of October 28, 2016[update][81]", "Republican 1,239,614 34.54%", "Independent 1,219,297 33.98%", "Democratic 1,091,323 30.41%", "Libertarian Party 31,358 0.87%", "Green Party 6,894 0.19%", "Party registration by county:", "Democrat >= 30%", "Republican >= 30%", "Unaffiliated\u2014<30%", "From statehood through the late 1940s, Arizona was primarily dominated by the Democratic Party. During this time period, the Democratic candidate for the presidency carried the state each election, with the only exceptions being the elections of 1920, 1924 and 1928\u2014all three of which were national Republican landslides.", "In 1924, Congress had passed a law granting citizenship and suffrage to all Native Americans, some of whom had previously been excluded as members of tribes on reservations. Legal interpretations of Arizona s constitution prohibited Native Americans living on reservations from voting, classifying them as being under guardianship. [9] This interpretation was overturned as being incorrect and unconstitutional in 1948 by the Arizona Supreme Court, following a suit by World War II Indian veterans Frank Harrison and Harry Austin, both of the Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation. The landmark case is Harrison and Austin v. Laveen. After the men were refused the opportunity to register in Maricopa County, they filed suit against the registrar. The National Congress of American Indians, the Department of Justice, the Department of the Interior, and the American Civil Liberties Union all filed amicus curiae (friends of the court) briefs in the case. The State Supreme Court established the rights of Native Americans to vote in the state; at the time, they comprised about 11% of the population.[9] That year, a similar provision was overturned in New Mexico when challenged by another Indian veteran in court. These were the only two states that had continued to prohibit Native Americans from voting.[8][9]", "Since the election of Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952, the majority of state voters have favored Republicans in presidential elections. Arizona voted Republican in every presidential election from 1952 to 1992, with Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan winning the state by particularly large margins. During this forty-year span, it was the only state not to be carried by a Democrat at least once.", "Democrat Lyndon Johnson, in 1964, lost the state by less than 5,000 votes to Arizona Senator and native Barry Goldwater. (This was the most closely contested state in what was otherwise a landslide victory for Johnson that year.) Democrat Bill Clinton ended this streak in 1996, when he won Arizona by a little over two percentage points (Clinton had previously come within less than two percent of winning Arizona s electoral votes in 1992). Since then, the majority of the state has continued to support Republican presidential candidates by solid margins.", "Since the late 20th century, the Republican Party has also dominated Arizona politics in general. The fast-growing Phoenix and Tucson suburbs became increasingly friendly to Republicans from the 1950s onward. During this time, many Pinto Democrats, or conservative Democrats from rural areas, became increasingly willing to support Republicans at the state and national level. While the state normally supports Republicans at the federal level, Democrats are often competitive in statewide elections. Two of the last six governors have been Democrats.", "On March 4, 2008, Senator John McCain effectively clinched the Republican nomination for 2008, becoming the first presidential nominee from the state since Barry Goldwater in 1964.", "Arizona politics are dominated by a longstanding rivalry between its two largest counties, Maricopa and Pima\u2014home to Phoenix and Tucson, respectively. The two counties have almost 75 percent of the state s population and cast almost 80 percent of the state s vote. They also elect a substantial majority of the state legislature.", "Maricopa County is home to almost 60 percent of the state s population, and most of the state s elected officials live there. It has voted Republican in every presidential election since 1948. This includes the 1964 run of native son Barry Goldwater; he would not have carried his home state without his 20,000-vote margin in Maricopa County. Similarly, while McCain won Arizona by eight percentage points in 2008, aided by his 130,000-vote margin in Maricopa County.", "In contrast, Pima County, home to Tucson, and most of southern Arizona have historically voted more Democratic. While Tucson s suburbs lean Republican, they hold to a somewhat more moderate brand of Republicanism than is common in the Phoenix area.", "Arizona rejected a same-sex marriage ban in a referendum as part of the 2006 elections. Arizona was the first state in the nation to do so. Same-sex marriage was not recognized in Arizona, but this amendment would have denied any legal or financial benefits to unmarried homosexual or heterosexual couples.[82] In 2008, Arizona voters passed Proposition 102, an amendment to the state constitution to define marriage as a union of one man and one woman. It passed by a more narrow majority than similar votes in a number of other states.[83]", "In 2010, Arizona passed SB 1070, called the toughest illegal immigration legislation in the nation. A fierce debate erupted between supporters and detractors of the law.[84]", "The United States Supreme Court heard arguments March 18, 2013, regarding the validity of the Arizona law, which requires individuals to show documents proving U.S. citizenship in order to register to vote in national elections.[85]", "Same-sex marriage and Civil unions[edit]", "In 2006, Arizona became the first state in the United States to reject a proposition, Prop 107, that would have banned same-sex marriage and civil unions.[86] However, in 2008, Arizona voters approved of Prop 102, a constitutional amendment that prohibited same-sex marriage but not other unions.[87] Prior to same-sex marriage being legal, the City of Bisbee became the first jurisdiction in Arizona to approve of civil unions.[88] The state s Attorney General at the time, Tom Horne, threatened to sue, but rescinded the threat once Bisbee amended the ordinance; Bisbee approved of civil unions in 2013.[89] The municipalities of Clarkdale, Cottonwood, Jerome, Sedona, and Tucson also passed civil unions.[90]", "A November 2011 Public Policy Polling survey found that 44% of Arizona voters supported the legalization of same-sex marriage, while 45% opposed it and 12% were not sure. A separate question on the same survey found that 72% of respondents supported legal recognition of same-sex couples, with 40% supporting same-sex marriage, 32% supporting civil unions, 27% opposing all legal recognition and 1% not sure. Arizona Proposition 102, known by its supporters as the Marriage Protection Amendment, appeared as a legislatively referred constitutional amendment on the November 4, 2008 ballot in Arizona, where it was approved: 56.2%\u201343%. It amended the Arizona Constitution to define marriage as between one man and one woman.[91]", "On October 17, 2014, Arizona Attorney General Tom Horne announced that his office would no longer object to same-sex marriage, in response to a U.S. District Court Ruling on Arizona Proposition 102. On that day, each county s Clerk of the Superior Court began to issue same-sex marriage licenses, and Arizona became the 31st state to legalize same-sex marriage.", "Elementary and secondary education[edit]", "Public schools in Arizona are separated into about 220 local school districts which operate independently, but are governed in most cases by elected county school superintendents; these are in turn overseen by the Arizona State Board of Education (a division of the Arizona Department of Education) and the state Superintendent of Public Instruction (elected in partisan elections every even-numbered year when there is not a presidential election, for a four-year term). In 2005, a School District Redistricting Commission was established with the goal of combining and consolidating many of these districts.", "The University of Arizona (the Mall) located in Tucson", "Arizona State University (a biodesign building) located in Tempe", "Northern Arizona University (The Skydome) located in Flagstaff", "Arizona is served by three public universities: The University of Arizona, Arizona State University, and Northern Arizona University. These schools are governed by the Arizona Board of Regents.", "Private higher education in Arizona is dominated by a large number of for-profit and chain (multi-site) universities.[92]", "Embry\u2013Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott and Prescott College are Arizona s only non-profit four-year private colleges.[93]", "Arizona has a wide network of two-year vocational schools and community colleges. These colleges were governed historically by a separate statewide Board of Directors but, in 2002, the state legislature transferred almost all oversight authority to individual community college districts.[94] The Maricopa County Community College District includes 11 community colleges throughout Maricopa County and is one of the largest in the nation.", "Public universities in Arizona[edit]", "Arizona State University, (Sun Devils) Tempe/Phoenix/Mesa/Glendale/Lake Havasu", "Northern Arizona University, (Lumberjacks) Flagstaff/Yuma/Prescott", "University of Arizona, (Wildcats) Tucson/Sierra Vista, M.D. college in downtown Phoenix and UA Agricultural Center in Yuma/Maricopa", "Private colleges and universities in Arizona[edit]", "Art Institute of Tucson", "Art Institute of Phoenix", "International Baptist College", "Penn Foster College[95]", "Community colleges[edit]", "Maricopa County Community College District", "Rio Salado Community College", "Art and culture[edit]", "Visual arts and museums[edit]", "See also: List of museums in Arizona", "Phoenix Art Museum, located on the historic Central Avenue corridor in Phoenix, is the Southwest s largest collection of visual art from across the world. The museum displays international exhibitions alongside the museum s collection of more than 18,000 works of American, Asian, European, Latin American, Western American, modern and contemporary art, and fashion design. With a community education mandate since 1951, Phoenix Art Museum holds a year-round program of festivals, live performances, independent art films and educational programs. The museum also has PhxArtKids, an interactive space for children; photography exhibitions through the museum s partnership with the Center for Creative Photography; the landscaped Sculpture Garden and dining at Arcadia Farms.", "Arizona is a recognized center of Native American art, with a number of galleries showcasing historical and contemporary works. The Heard Museum, also located in Phoenix, is a major repository of Native American art. Some of the signature exhibits include a full Navajo hogan, the Mareen Allen Nichols Collection containing 260 pieces of contemporary jewelry, the Barry Goldwater Collection of 437 historic Hopi kachina dolls, and an exhibit on the 19th century boarding school experiences of Native Americans. The Heard Museum has about 250,000 visitors a year.", "Sedona, Jerome, and Tubac are known as a budding artist colonies, and small arts scenes exist in the larger cities and near the state universities.", "See also: List of films shot in Arizona", "View of Monument Valley from John Ford s Point", "Several major Hollywood films, such as Billy Jack, U Turn, Waiting to Exhale, Just One of the Guys, Can t Buy Me Love, Bill & Ted s Excellent Adventure, The Scorpion King, The Banger Sisters, Used Cars, and Raising Arizona have been made there (as have many Westerns). The 1993 science fiction movie Fire in the Sky, based on a reported alien abduction in the town of Snowflake, was set in Snowflake. It was filmed in the Oregon towns of Oakland, Roseburg, and Sutherlin.", "The 1974 film Alice Doesn t Live Here Anymore, for which Ellen Burstyn won the Academy Award for Best Actress, and also starring Kris Kristofferson, was set in Tucson. The climax of the 1977 Clint Eastwood film The Gauntlet takes place in downtown Phoenix. The final segments of the 1984 film Starman take place at Meteor Crater outside Winslow. The Jeff Foxworthy comedy documentary movie Blue Collar Comedy Tour was filmed almost entirely at the Dodge Theatre. Some of Alfred Hitchcock s classic film Psycho was shot in Phoenix, the ostensible home town of the main character.", "Some of the television shows filmed or set in Arizona include The New Dick Van Dyke Show, Medium, Alice, The First 48, Insomniac with Dave Attell, Cops, and America s Most Wanted. The TV sitcom Alice, which was based on the movie was set in Phoenix. Twilight had passages set in Phoenix at the beginning and the end of the film.", "Main article: Music of Arizona", "Arizona is prominently featured in the lyrics of many Country and Western songs, such as Jamie O Neal s hit ballad There Is No Arizona . George Strait s Oceanfront Property uses ocean front property in Arizona as a metaphor for a sucker proposition. The line see you down in Arizona Bay is used in a Tool song in reference to the possibility (expressed as a hope by comedian Bill Hicks) that Southern California will one day fall into the ocean. Glen Campbell, a notable resident, popularized the song By The Time I Get To Phoenix .", "Standin on the Corner Park and mural in Winslow, Arizona", "Arizona was the title of a popular song recorded by Mark Lindsay. Arizona is mentioned by the hit song Take It Easy , written by Jackson Browne and Glenn Frey and performed by the Eagles. Arizona is also mentioned in the Beatles song Get Back , credited to John Lennon and Paul McCartney; McCartney sings: JoJo left his home in Tucson, Arizona, for some California grass. Carefree Highway , released in 1974 by Gordon Lightfoot, takes its name from Arizona State Route 74 north of Phoenix.[96]", "Arizona s budding music scene is helped by emerging bands, as well as some well-known artists. The Gin Blossoms, Chronic Future, Roger Clyne and the Peacemakers, Jimmy Eat World, Caroline s Spine, and others began their careers in Arizona. Also, a number of punk and rock bands got their start in Arizona, including JFA, The Feederz, Sun City Girls, The Meat Puppets, The Maine, The Summer Set, and more recently Authority Zero and Digital Summer.", "Arizona also has many singers and other musicians. Singer, songwriter and guitarist Michelle Branch is from Sedona. The late Chester Bennington, the former lead vocalist of Linkin Park, and mash-up artist DJ Z-Trip are both from Phoenix. One of Arizona s better known musicians is shock rocker Alice Cooper, who helped define the genre. Maynard James Keenan, the lead singer of the bands Tool, A Perfect Circle, and Puscifer, calls the town of Cornville his current home.", "Other notable singers include country singers Dierks Bentley and Marty Robbins, folk singer Katie Lee, Fleetwood Mac s Stevie Nicks, CeCe Peniston, Rex Allen, 2007 American Idol winner Jordin Sparks, and Linda Ronstadt.", "Arizona is also known for its heavy metal scene, which is centered in and around Phoenix. In the early to mid-1990s, it included bands such as Job for a Cowboy, Knights of the Abyss, Greeley Estates, Eyes Set To Kill, blessthefall, The Word Alive, The Dead Rabbitts, and Abigail Williams. The band Soulfly calls Phoenix home and Megadeth lived in Phoenix for about a decade. Beginning in and around 2009, Phoenix began to host a burgeoning desert rock and sludge metal underground, (ala Kyuss in 1990s California) led by bands like Wolves of Winter, Asimov and Dead Canyon.", "American composer Elliott Carter composed his first String Quartet (1950\u201351) while on sabbatical (from New York) in Arizona. The quartet won a Pulitzer Prize and other awards and is now a staple of the string quartet repertoire.[citation needed]", "Main article: Sports in Arizona", "Professional sports teams in Arizona include:", "Arizona Cardinals American football National Football League 2 (1925, 1947)", "Arizona Hotshots American football Alliance of American Football 0", "Phoenix Suns Basketball National Basketball Association 0", "Arizona Diamondbacks Baseball Major League Baseball 1 (2001)", "Arizona Coyotes Ice hockey National Hockey League 0", "Arizona Rattlers Indoor football Indoor Football League 6 (1994, 1997, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2017)", "Phoenix Rising FC Soccer United Soccer League 0", "Phoenix Mercury Basketball Women s National Basketball Association 3 (2007, 2009, 2014)", "Tucson Roadrunners Ice hockey American Hockey League 0", "Northern Arizona Suns Basketball NBA G League 1", "The University of Phoenix stadium hosted Super Bowl XLII on February 3, 2008, and Super Bowl XLIX on February 1, 2015.", "Due to its numerous golf courses, Arizona is home to several stops on the PGA Tour, most notably the Phoenix Open, held at the TPC of Scottsdale, and the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship at the Ritz-Carlton Golf Club in Marana.", "Auto racing is another sport known in the state. Phoenix International Raceway in Avondale is home to NASCAR race weekends twice a year. Firebird International Raceway near Chandler is home to drag racing and other motorsport events.", "College sports[edit]", "College sports are also prevalent in Arizona. The Arizona State Sun Devils and the Arizona Wildcats belong to the Pac-12 Conference while the Northern Arizona Lumberjacks compete in the Big Sky Conference and the Grand Canyon Antelopes compete for in the Western Athletic Conference. The rivalry between Arizona State Sun Devils and the Arizona Wildcats predates Arizona s statehood, and is the oldest rivalry in the NCAA.[97] The Territorial Cup, first awarded in 1889 and certified as the oldest trophy in college football,[98] is awarded to the winner of the annual football game between the two schools.", "Arizona also hosts several college football bowl games. The Fiesta Bowl, originally held at Sun Devil Stadium, is now held at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale. The Fiesta Bowl is part of the new College Football Playoff (CFP). University of Phoenix Stadium was also home to the 2007 and 2011 BCS National Championship Games.", "A spring training game between the Cubs and White Sox at HoHoKam Park", "Baseball[edit]", "Arizona is a popular location for Major League Baseball spring training, as it is the site of the Cactus League. Spring training was first started in Arizona in 1947, when Brewers owner Veeck sold them in 1945 but went onto purchase the Cleveland Indians in 1946. He decided to train the Cleveland Indians in Tucson and convinced the New York Giants to give Phoenix a try. Thus the Cactus League was born.[99]", "On March 9, 1995, Arizona was awarded a franchise to begin play for the 1998 season. A $130 million franchise fee was paid to Major League Baseball and on January 16, 1997, the Diamondbacks were officially voted into the National League.", "Since their debut, the Diamondbacks have won five National League West titles, one National League Championship pennant, and the 2001 World Series.", "Miscellaneous topics[edit]", "Main article: List of people from Arizona", "Some notable Arizonans involved in politics and government include:", "Former Arizona Governor Jan Brewer", "Former Surgeon General of the United States Richard Carmona", "Former United States Secretary of Transportation Mary Peters[100]", "Former Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O Connor[101]", "Former Supreme Court Chief Justice William Rehnquist[102]", "Former U.S. Senator Dennis DeConcini[103]", "Former Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio[citation needed]", "Former Graham County Sheriff Richard Mack[citation needed]", "National Education Association President Dennis Van Roekel[104]", "Junior Republican Senator Jon Kyl, former Senate Minority Whip.[105]", "Presidential candidate (2000, 2008) and former U.S. Senator John McCain[106]", "Presidential candidate (1964) and former U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater[107]", "Former governor, Secretary of the Interior, and presidential candidate (1988) Bruce Babbitt[108]", "Presidential candidate (1976) and former Arizona congressman Mo Udall and his brother Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall[citation needed]", "Former U.S. Senator Carl Hayden[citation needed]", "Former United States Solicitor General Rex E. Lee.[109]", "Former Governor and Secretary of Homeland Security in the Obama Administration Janet Napolitano[110]", "Former State Senator Jack Taylor also served as mayor of Mesa and was for one two-year term a member of the Arizona House of Representatives.[111]", "Arizona notables in culture and the arts include:", "Labor leader and civil rights pioneer Cesar Estrada Chavez was from San Luis, near Yuma[112]", "Actress Emma Stone is from Scottsdale", "Actress Gail Edwards resides in Sedona", "Athlete Auston Mathews (Toronto Maple Leaf Center)", "Author Zane Grey", "Disc sports (Frisbee) pioneer Ken Westerfield currently lives in Bisbee", "Film director Steven Spielberg was raised in Phoenix and attended Arcadia High School", "Actor David Spade was raised in Scottsdale and graduated from Arizona State University", "Actress Lynda Carter, star of Wonder Woman, is from Phoenix and attended Arizona State University", "Horse owner and trainer Bob Baffert.", "Musicians Chester Bennington of Linkin Park (Phoenix), Alice Cooper (Phoenix), Stevie Nicks of Fleetwood Mac (Phoenix), (Jerome), Linda Ronstadt (Tucson), Michelle Branch (Sedona), Nate Ruess of Fun. (Glendale)", "Musicians in the bands Meat Puppets (Phoenix/Tempe), Authority Zero (Mesa), Gin Blossoms (Tempe), Chronic Future (Scottsdale), Jimmy Eat World (Mesa), The Format (Glendale), Stellar Kart (Phoenix), Malignus Youth (Sierra Vista), and Job for a Cowboy (Glendale).", "Poet Jim Simmerman of Flagstaff", "Frederick Sommer, an artist/photographer, moved to Tucson in 1931 and lived in Prescott from 1935 to 1999", "Rancher and political insider John G.F. Speiden \u2013 Jay Six Ranch", "Author Diana Gabaldon mostly known for Outlander was born in and resides in Arizona", "Musician Zella Day is originally from Pinetop, Arizona", "State symbols[edit]", "Cactus wren, the Arizona state bird", "Arizona state amphibian: Arizona treefrog (Hyla eximia)", "Arizona state bird: cactus wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus)", "Arizona state butterfly: two-tailed swallowtail (Papilio multicaudata)", "Arizona state colors: federal blue and old gold", "Arizona state dinosaur: Sonorasaurus[113]", "Arizona state fish: Apache trout (Oncorhynchus apache)[114]", "Arizona state flag: Flag of the State of Arizona", "Arizona state flower: saguaro blossom (Carnegiea gigantea)", "Arizona state fossil: petrified wood", "Arizona state gemstone: turquoise", "Arizona state mammal: ring-tailed cat (Bassariscus astutus)", "Arizona state motto: Ditat Deus (Latin God enriches)", "Arizona state neckwear: bolo tie", "Arizona state reptile: Arizona ridge-nosed rattlesnake (Crotalus willardi)", "Arizona state seal: Great Seal of the State of Arizona", "Arizona state slogan: Grand Canyon State", "Arizona state songs: Arizona March Song (by Margaret Rowe Clifford) and Arizona (by Rex Allen, Jr.)[115]", "Arizona state tree: palo verde (Parkinsonia)", "Arizona state gun: Colt Single Action Army revolver[116]", "Arizona portal", "Outline of Arizona \u2013 organized list of topics about Arizona", "Index of Arizona-related articles", "^ In 2000, this designation was broken into two groups: Independent, Non-Charismatic Churches (34,130 adherents) and Independent, Charismatic Churches (29,755 adherents)", "^ Arizona \u2013 Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary . 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Native American Place Names of the United States. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, p. 47", "^ Kitt, E. O.; Pearce, T. M. (1952). Arizona Place Name Records . Western Folklore. 11 (4): 284\u2013287. doi:10.2307/1496233. JSTOR 1496233.", "^ Harper, Douglas. Arizona . Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ McClintock, James (1916). Arizona, Prehistoric, Aboriginal, Pioneer, Modern: The Nation s Youngest Commonwealth within a Land of Ancient Culture. Chicago: The S.J. Clarke Publishing Co.", "^ a b Thompson, Clay (February 11, 2007). No, arid zone not the basis of state s name . The Arizona Republic. Retrieved December 29, 2014.", "^ Saxton, Dean, Saxton, Lucille, & Enos, Susie. (1983). Dictionary: Tohono O odham/Pima to English, English to Tohono O odham/Pima. Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona Press", "^ Thompson, Clay (February 25, 2007). A sorry state of affairs when views change . The Arizona Republic. Archived from the original on August 1, 2007. 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Retrieved July 25, 2010.", "^ Ban on gay unions solidly supported in most of Arizona Archived November 8, 2008, at the Wayback Machine", "^ Archibold, Randal C. (April 23, 2010). Arizona Enacts Stringent Law on Immigration . The New York Times. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ High court to weigh Arizona voter registration case . Reuters. March 15, 2013. Retrieved March 17, 2013.", "^ Why Arizona Flipped On Gay Marriage . Retrieved 2017-11-15.", "^ McKinley, Jesse; Goodstein, Laurie (2008-11-05). Bans in 3 States on Gay Marriage . The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-11-15.", "^ Arizona city poised to pass state s first civil union ordinance . Reuters. 2013-04-02. Retrieved 2017-11-15.", "^ Press, Associated (2013-06-05). Bisbee, Arizona same-sex marriage: Council approves civil unions measure . KNXV. Retrieved 2017-11-15.", "^ Legal Recognition of Same-Sex Relationships (PDF). samesexrelationshipguide.com. August 31, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24. Retrieved October 14, 2017.", "^ AZ pro-civil unions, remembers Goldwater fondly (PDF).", "^ College Navigator - Search Results . nces.ed.gov.", "^ College Navigator \u2013 Prescott College . nces.ed.gov.", "^ 2002 Legislature \u2013 HB 2710, which later became ARS 15-1444", "^ AZ Private Postsecondary Institutions . Azhighered.org. Retrieved September 9, 2016.", "^ Crawdaddy (April 1975). Missing or empty |title= (help)", "^ Knauer, Tom (November 22, 2006). What is the Territorial Cup? . The Wildcat Online. Archived from the original on October 8, 2008. Retrieved April 2, 2007.", "^ Official 2007 NCAA Division I Football Records Book (PDF). National Collegiate Athletic Association. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 25, 2008.", "^ Buckhorn Baths: A unique Mesa landmark . www.azcentral.com.", "^ Mary Peters . ntl.bts.gov/. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Sandra Day O Connor . .law.cornell.edu. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ William Rehnquist . Directory of Federal Judges. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Dennis DeConcini . Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Dennis Van Roekel . National Education Association. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Jon Kyl . Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ John McCain . MProject Vote Smart. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Barry Goldwater . Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Bruce Babbitt . The Washington Post Company. December 15, 1999. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Rex E. Lee . Deseret News. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Janet Napolitano . MProject Vote Smart. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Jerald Jackson Taylor . apnewsarchive.com. April 3, 1995. Retrieved July 31, 2015.", "^ The Story of Cesar Chavez . UFW. Retrieved 13 November 2018.", "^ Sonorasaurus officially named Arizona s state dinosaur . April 11, 2018.", "^ Carter, Julie Meka. Apache Trout Recovery: A Wildlife Success Story . Wildlife & Conservation. Arizona Game and Fish Department. Archived from the original on September 20, 2013. Retrieved September 28, 2013.", "^ Kids Page \u2013 Arizona State Songs .", "^ Arizona Gets an Official State Gun \u2013 And It s Manufactured in Connecticut . Retrieved April 15, 2017.", "Bayless, Betsy, 1998, Arizona Blue Book, 1997\u20131998. Phoenix, Arizona.", "McIntyre, Allan J., 2008, The Tohono O odham and Pimeria Alta. Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, South Carolina. (ISBN 978-0-7385-5633-8).", "Miller, Tom (editor), 1986, Arizona: The Land and the People. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. (ISBN 978-0-8165-1004-7).", "Officer, James E., 1987, Hispanic Arizona, 1536\u20131856. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. (ISBN 978-0-8165-0981-2).", "Thomas, David M. (editor), 2003, Arizona Legislative Manual. In Arizona Phoenix, Arizona, Arizona Legislative Council. Google Print. Retrieved January 16, 2006.", "Trimble, Marshall, 1998, Arizona, A Cavalcade of History. Treasure Chest Publications, Tucson, Arizona. (ISBN 978-0-918080-43-1).", "Woosley, Anne I., 2008, Early Tucson. Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, South Carolina. (ISBN 978-0-7385-5646-8).", "Arizonaat Wikipedia s sister projects", "Official state government website", "Official Website of the State of Arizona", "Arizona State Guide, from the Library of Congress", "Arizona Regional Accounts Data at the Wayback Machine (archived August 19, 2002)", "Arizona Demographic Data from FedStats", "Arizona USDA State Fact Sheet", "Arizona Indicators, state s central resource for information on a wide range of topics", "Energy Data & Statistics for Arizona", "Arizona State Databases \u2013 Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Arizona state agencies and compiled by the Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association.", "Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records", "Arizona at Ballotpedia", "Arizona at Curlie", "Geographic data related to Arizona at OpenStreetMap", "Official Arizona Office of Tourism", "Arizona Game & Fish Department (Hunting, Boating & Fishing)", "American Southwest, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary", "New Mexico List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union", "Admitted on February 14, 1912 (48th) Succeeded by", "Places adjacent to Arizona", "Nevada Utah Colorado", "Baja California, Mexico Sonora, Mexico", "Topics related to Arizona", "The Grand Canyon State; The Copper State", "Phoenix (capital)", "Arizona Sun Corridor", "Coconino Plateau", "Mogollon Plateau", "Northeast Arizona", "Safford area", "Southern Arizona (Traditional Arizona)", "Mayors of cities with populations exceeding 100,000 in Arizona", "Greg Stanton (D)", "Jonathan Rothschild (D)", "John Giles (R)", "Jay Tibshraeny (R)", "(Chandler)", "Jerry Weiers (NP)", "(Glendale)", "Jim Lane (R)", "(Scottsdale)", "Jenn Daniels (R)", "Mark Mitchell (D)", "Cathy Carlat", "Sharon Wolcott (D)", "Protected areas of Arizona", "National Historical Parks,", "Historic Sites and Memorials", "Tumac\u00e1cori NHP", "Fort Bowie NHS", "Hubbell Trading Post NHS", "Coronado NMem", "Hohokam Pima", "Ironwood Forest", "National Conservation Areas", "Gila Box Riparian", "San Pedro Riparian", "Elden Pueblo", "Palatki Heritage Site", "V-Bar-V Heritage Site", "Bill Williams River", "Leslie Canyon", "See List of Arizona Wilderness Areas", "Buckskin Mountain", "Granite Mountain Hotshots Memorial", "Riordan Mansion", "Sonoita Creek", "Tubac Presidio", "Verde River Greenway", "Yuma Territorial Prison", "Powers Butte", "White Mountain Grasslands", "Phoenix Mountains Park and Recreation Area", "See List of National Natural Landmarks in Arizona", "See List of National Historic Landmarks in Arizona", "See National Register of Historic Places listings in Arizona", "Arizona State Parks (web)", "Sports teams based in Arizona", "Arizona Hawks", "Laredo Apaches", "Yuma Tejanos", "Tucson Sugar Skulls (2019)", "Phoenix Phantomz", "Sporting Arizona FC", "FC Arizona Women", "FC Tucson Women", "Phoenix Del Sol", "WFDTA", "Camelback Rugby Club", "Northern Arizona Rugby Football Club", "Old Pueblo Lions Rugby Football Club", "Tempe Rugby Club", "Tucson Magpies Rugby Football Club", "Yuma Rugby Football Club", "(NAIA)", "Benedictine University at Mesa", "(NJCAA)", "San Jose\u2013Oakland", "San Bernardino-Riverside", "Seven Years War \u2192", "Gaspar de Portol\u00e0", "Quechan", "Cochimi", "MusicBrainz: bf9353d8-da52-4fd9-8645-52b2349b4914", "SNAC: w6b09tzt", "Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arizona&oldid=884351317", "U.S. states with multiple time zones", "Articles containing Navajo-language text", "Articles containing O odham-language text" ] } ] }, "timestamp": null }, { "action": "Wizard => Apprentice", "text": "I've heard it's got some great landmarks too. Have you seen the sandstone towers at that national park?", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://az.gov/", "title": "Arizona", "content": [ "Playing Indoors", "Tour Arizona", "The Boulder Dam was dedicated on September 30, 1935 by President Roosevelt, The Mike O Callaghan\u2013Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge was completed on October 10th 2010 Hoover Dam and Mike O Callaghan\u2013Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge Ron Kroetz 05/25/2013", "Explore our historic past, vibrant present, and promising future", "Arizona in 2017 - More People, More Jobs Arizona Small-Business Growth Among the Strongest in the Nation Steve McClanahan 07/06/2013", "Locate, manage, and grow your business in Arizona, or join our highly skilled workforce", "AHSRA & AJHSRA Rodeo Season Opener \u2013 Payson Event Center. come watch cowboys and cowgirls from all over the State of Arizona, as AHSRA and AJHSRA converge and these cowboys and cowgirls kick off their 2017-2018 season AHSRA & AJHSRA Rodeo Season Opener \u2013 Payson Event Center | September 16th - 17th, 2017 Heeteraz 09/28/2011", "Learn more about the schools, neighborhoods, and citizen resources that elevate Arizona s quality of life", "Making memories for our Arizona families is what the State Fair is about. Arizona State Fair | October 6th - 29th 2017 Stulnaz 10/31/2008", "Experience the indoor and outdoor activities our unique state has to offer", "The new Arizona State Senate Chambers were dedicated on March 7th, 1960. Arizona State Senate Chambers | March 7th Cherie Stone 03/01/2016", "Access state services, connect with your government, and stay informed", "Arizona s Governor Arizona s Governor Unknown", "Visit the official website of Governor Doug Ducey", "Office of the Arizona Governor", "AZ Lottery" ] }, { "url": "https://www.visitarizona.com/", "title": "Official Travel Tourism Website Visit Arizona", "content": [ "Snow Play in Arizona", "Hit the powdery slopes and trails of these Arizona snow areas for a hefty dose of wintertime adventure.", "Fido-Friendly Attractions and Must-Dos", "All members of the family can enjoy a trip to Arizona at these pet-friendly attractions.", "Pima Air & Space Museum, Tucson", "Fun fact: With 14 communities and parks, Arizona is home to more certified Dark Sky Places than any other U.S. state!", "Most Popular Places In Arizona", "Get Inspired By Destinations Our Travelers Love", "Explore dining, resorts, the arts, shopping amid beautiful, hike-able desert scenery.", "Vast, magnificent and inarguably beautiful, the Grand Canyon is easily Arizona\u2019s most distinguishable landmark \u2013 and a natural wonder that you simply have to see to believe.", "Discover the world\u2019s longest stalactite formations just a short hop from Tucson, Arizona.", "13,000 years of human history, plus hiking, camping, and horseback riding.", "Year-round outdoor activities, a lively historic downtown, and easy access to the Grand Canyon.", "Want to add one of the grandest landmarks in the United States to your \u201cvisited\u201d list? Visit the surreal sandstone towers in Monument Valley Navajo Tribal Park.", "Hiking, art galleries, fine dining, metaphysical and personal enrichment amongst scenic red rocks.", "by Teresa Bitler", "Shop Local in Phoenix", "by Nora Burba Trulsson", "Food for a Cause: 5 Restaurants that Give Back", "by Jessica Dunham", "Exciting Arizona Destinations", "With so many adventures ahead of you, we\u2019re here to help you go the distance.", "Measure The Miles", "Select Starting City Ajo Ash Fork Benson Bisbee Casa Grande Chandler Clifton Coolidge Cottonwood Douglas Duncan Flagstaff Florence Fredonia Gila Bend Glendale Globe Grand Canyon Lake Havasu City Holbrook Hoover Dam Kingman Mesa Miami Nogales Page Parker Payson Phoenix Prescott Safford St. Johns Scottsdale Sedona Show Low Sierra Vista Springerville Superior Tempe Tombstone Tuba City Tucson Wickenburg Wilcox Williams Winkelman Winslow Yuma to Select Destination City Ajo Ash Fork Benson Bisbee Casa Grande Chandler Clifton Coolidge Cottonwood Douglas Duncan Flagstaff Florence Fredonia Gila Bend Glendale Globe Grand Canyon Lake Havasu City Holbrook Hoover Dam Kingman Mesa Miami Nogales Page Parker Payson Phoenix Prescott Safford St. Johns Scottsdale Sedona Show Low Sierra Vista Springerville Superior Tempe Tombstone Tuba City Tucson Wickenburg Wilcox Williams Winkelman Winslow Yuma", "North Central Northern Phoenix & Central Tucson & Southern West Coast", "The center of the state and the center of it all, this region is where big things happen. You\u2019ll find some of Arizona\u2019s largest cities and South Mountain Park, the largest municipal park in the United States, here. Plus: professional sports teams and award-winning chefs.", "Mesa \u00bb", "Picacho \u00bb", "Tempe \u00bb", "Wickenburg \u00bb" ] }, { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/place/Arizona-state", "title": "Arizona Geography Facts Map History Britannica", "content": [ "state, United States", "James W. Byrkit", "Melvin E. Hecht", "Alternative Title: Grand Canyon State", "Arizona, constituent state of the United States of America. Arizona is the sixth largest state in the country in terms of area. Its population has always been predominantly urban, particularly since the mid-20th century, when urban and suburban areas began growing rapidly at the expense of the countryside. Some scholars believe that the state\u2019s name comes from a Basque phrase meaning \u201cplace of oaks,\u201d while others attribute it to a Tohono O\u2019odham (Papago) Indian phrase meaning \u201cplace of the young (or little) spring.\u201d Arizona achieved statehood on February 14, 1912, the last of the 48 conterminous United States to be admitted to the union.", "Arizona is a land of contradictions. Although widely reputed for its hot low-elevation desert covered with cacti and creosote bushes, more than half of the state lies at an elevation of at least 4,000 feet (1,200 metres) above sea level, and it possesses the largest stand of evergreen ponderosa pine trees in the world. Arizona is well known for its waterless tracts of desert, but, thanks to many large man-made lakes, it has many more miles of shoreline than its reputation might suggest. Such spectacular landforms as the Grand Canyon and the Painted Desert have become international symbols of the region\u2019s ruggedness, yet Arizona\u2019s environment is so delicate that in many ways it is more threatened by pollution than are New York City and Los Angeles. Its romantic reputation as a wild desert and a place of old-fashioned close-to-the-earth simplicity is at variance with the fact that after the 1860s the state\u2019s economy became industrial and technological long before it was pastoral or agrarian.", "Sunset at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, southern Arizona. \u00a9 Digital Vision/Getty Images", "Tucson, Ariz. Jeremy Woodhouse/Getty Images", "Arizona is located in the southwestern quadrant of the conterminous states, bordered by California to the west, Nevada to the northwest, Utah to the north, New Mexico to the east, and the Mexican state of Sonora to the south. The Colorado River forms the boundary with California and Nevada. Phoenix, situated in the south-central part of the state, is the capital and largest city. Area 113,990 square miles (295,233 square km). Population (2010) 6,392,017; (2018 est.) 7,171,646.", "Plate tectonics\u2014the shifting of large, relatively thin segments of Earth\u2019s crust\u2014and stream erosion have done the most to create Arizona\u2019s spectacular topography. Specifically, the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate came into contact and created the major tectonic forces that uplifted, wrinkled, and stretched Arizona\u2019s geologic crust, forming its mountain ranges, basins, and high plateaus. Over the course of millennia, rivers and their tributaries have carved distinctive landforms on these surfaces.", "Arizona Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "United States: The SouthwestThe Southwest. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Arizona desert landscapes. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "To Arizona\u2019s two major physiographic divisions, the Colorado Plateau and the Basin and Range Province, geologists add the Transition Zone (or Central Highlands). The northeastern two-fifths of Arizona is part of the scenic Colorado Plateau. Far less rugged than adjacent portions of the plateau in Utah, these tablelands in Arizona consist mainly of plains interrupted by steplike escarpments. Although they are labeled mesas and plateaus, their ruggedness and inaccessibility have been exaggerated. The incomparable Grand Canyon of the Colorado River provides the major exception to what has proved to be an area easily traversed. Forest-clad volcanic mountains atop the plateaus provide the state\u2019s highest points: Humphreys Peak, 12,633 feet (3,851 metres), in the San Francisco Mountains, and Baldy Mountain, 11,403 feet (3,476 metres), in the White Mountains.", "Arizona physiographic regionsPhysiographic regions of Arizona. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Colorado Plateau and Grand Canyon, northern Arizona. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Vermilion Cliffs National Monument, northern Arizona. \u00a9 Index Open", "More than 200 miles (320 km) of the southern border of the Colorado Plateau is marked by a series of giant escarpments known collectively as the Mogollon Rim. West and south of the rim, a number of streams follow narrow canyons or broad valleys south through the Transition Zone and into the Basin and Range Province. The Transition Zone bordering the plateaus comprises separated plateau blocks, rugged peaks, and isolated rolling uplands so forbidding that they remained mostly unexplored until the late 19th century. The zone marks the ecological border between the low deserts and the forested highlands; it combines elements of both with, for example, the Spanish bayonet of the Sonoran Desert growing alongside the juniper characteristic of higher elevations.", "The Basin and Range region of the southern and western third of the state contains the bulk of the population but none of the large canyons and mesas for which Arizona is famous. It consists largely of broad, open-ended basins or valleys of gentle slope. Isolated northwest-to-southeast\u2013tending mountain ranges rise like islands in the desert plain.", "Contrary to desert stereotypes, sand dunes are nearly nonexistent, and stony desert surfaces are seldom visible except in the far southwestern portion of the state. The younger soils of river floodplains provide the more-desirable soils for agriculture.", "Virtually all of Arizona lies within the Colorado River drainage system. The Gila River, with its major feeder streams\u2014the Salt and the Verde\u2014is by far the Colorado\u2019s main Arizona tributary.", "Colorado River in Marble Canyon, northeastern end of Grand Canyon National Park, northwestern Arizona. \u00a9 Gary Ladd", "Gila RiverGila River, southeastern Arizona. \u00a9 Nathan Chor/Shutterstock.com", "The Black, White, and Verde rivers are the primary perennial tributaries of the Salt River, which enters the Gila River southwest of Phoenix. Only during the infrequent\u2014and occasionally devastating\u2014flood periods does runoff water advance downstream past the numerous dams built on the Salt\u2019s system. The Gila River rises in that part of the Mogollon Rim located in western New Mexico, and it includes another and smaller Mogollon Rim tributary, the San Francisco River. Two intermittent southern Arizona streams, the Santa Cruz and San Pedro rivers, flow northward into the Gila, while two other intermittent streams, the Agua Fria and Hassayampa rivers, drain central Arizona southward into the Gila. Dams and irrigation systems, except on rare occasions, leave the Gila River dry for most of its length.", "The Little Colorado River\u2014which drains the Mogollon Rim\u2019s lee side and flows from southeast to northwest into the Colorado River between Marble Canyon and the Grand Canyon\u2014draws and transports little water from its large watershed. Because of the rain shadow effect on the Mogollon Rim\u2019s lee side, the Little Colorado usually is no more than a trickle and often is dry. Several other small and intermittent streams, such as the Bill Williams River, drain a large but arid part of western Arizona.", "About half of Arizona is semiarid, one-third is arid, and the remainder is humid. The Basin and Range region has the arid and semiarid subtropical climate that attracts most winter visitors and new residents. January days in Phoenix receive more than four-fifths of the possible sunshine and have a mean maximum temperature of 65 \u00b0F (18 \u00b0C). Occasional light frosts occur at most locations in the Basin and Range region in winter, and some precipitation interrupts the exceedingly dry springs and mildly dry falls. Daily maximum readings average 106 \u00b0F (41 \u00b0C) in Phoenix in July, and nighttime temperatures drop to an average of 81 \u00b0F (27 \u00b0C).", "Snow in Monument Valley Navajo Tribal Park, Arizona. Robert Glusic/Getty Images", "Moisture-laden air from the Gulf of California and the eastern Pacific Ocean appears in July, bringing more than two months of irregular but sometimes heavy thundershowers that are locally referred to as the \u201csummer monsoon.\u201d Phoenix and Tucson receive about 1 inch (25 mm) of precipitation in July and about 3 inches (75 mm) total throughout the summer months. Winter rains come from the Pacific.", "The Colorado Plateau has cool to cold winters and a semiarid climate. Average mile-high elevations and direct exposure to polar air masses can produce January mean high and low temperatures as divergent as the 46 \u00b0F (8 \u00b0C) and 19 \u00b0F (\u2212 7 \u00b0C), respectively, in Winslow. Year-round temperatures in Flagstaff are generally 30 \u00b0F (17 \u00b0C) cooler than those of Phoenix. Most of the region receives from 10 to 15 inches (250 to 375 mm) of precipitation annually, with the Mogollon Rim and White Mountains receiving the state\u2019s largest average, 25 inches (625 mm).", "Because of the great diversity of relief within the Transition Zone, climatic conditions there vary widely over small areas. Much of Arizona\u2019s humid area lies in this zone and in the adjacent high southern edge of the Colorado Plateau. There, perennial streams flowing through shaded riparian corridors contribute to atmospheric moisture, resulting in temperatures that are several degrees cooler than those of the nearby deserts.", "Considering the variety in relief and climate, it is not surprising to find similar diversity in the state\u2019s vegetation. About one-tenth of Arizona is forested, one-fourth is woodland, one-fourth is grassland, and the rest is desert shrub. Elevations above 6,000 to 7,000 feet (1,800 to 2,100 metres) host forests of ponderosa pine, topped in the highest areas by Douglas and other firs, spruces, and aspen. From 4,500 to 7,500 feet (1,375 to 2,300 metres) in the northern half of the state, pi\u00f1on pine and juniper predominate, while evergreen oak and chaparral grow between 4,000 and 6,000 feet (1,400 and 1,800 metres) in the central mountains. Plains grasses cover about one-third of the Colorado Plateau, and Sonoran or desert grass carpets the higher elevations of the basins. Mesquite trees have invaded many former grasslands in the south. Cacti grow throughout the state, with the greatest variety below 2,000 feet (600 metres). Foothills in the Tucson-Phoenix area carry giant saguaro cacti of the Sonoran Desert, matched in areas of the northwest Basin and Range by dramatic stands of Joshua trees. Shrubs dominate the lowest portions of all areas: big sagebrush and saltbush in the Colorado Plateau, creosote bush in the Basin and Range.", "Saguaros (Carnegiea gigantea) in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, southwestern Arizona, U.S. \u00a9 Corbis", "Adaptation of desert plants to harsh conditions. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Plant life in the Sonoran Desert, Saguaro National Park, southern Arizona, U.S. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Animal life is even more varied, with representatives of the Rocky Mountain, Great Plains, and Mexican ecological communities. Important larger mammals are black bears, deer, desert bighorns, antelope, and wapiti (elk). The tropical coatimundi, a raccoonlike mammal, has spread northward into Arizona, while the javelina, or peccary (wild pig), is a favourite game animal in the south. Among the several cats, the bobcat and the mountain lion (puma) are most characteristic of Arizona. Coyotes, skunks, and porcupines abound, as do cottontails, jackrabbits, and several varieties of foxes. The state\u2019s southern border area lies along a major flyway and is rich in birdlife, which attracts thousands of watchers. Game birds include turkeys and a variety of quails, doves, and waterfowl. Among native fish are the Arizona trout and the Colorado squawfish. Venomous animals include rattlesnakes, scorpions, and Gila monsters.", "coatimundiWhite-nosed coatimundi, Tucson Mountain Park, Arizona. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) on their nest protected within the prickly branches of a cactus in the Sonoran Desert, Arizona, U.S. \u00a9 C.K. Lorenz, The National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers", "Arizona mountain kingsnakeA small Arizona mountain kingsnake coiled on a large rock. \u00a9 Rusty Dodson/Shutterstock.com", "The indigenous peoples of Arizona are renowned for their rich cultural diversity. However, since the 19th century, the urbanized segments of the state have been cultural outposts that have more obviously reflected tastes, fashions, speech, religious preferences, political attitudes, and life-styles that have come from such diverse localities as Chicago, New York City, Washington, D.C., San Francisco, and Los Angeles.", "Until the latter half of the 19th century, except for very small and scattered groups of indigenous peoples, almost all of central and northern Arizona remained uninhabited. Most of the Spanish occupation of the state was tentative at best and, owing to the constant danger posed by actively hostile Apache bands, remained confined to a few intermittently occupied missions, presidios, and ranches in the Santa Cruz valley, south of Tucson.", "At the time of Arizona\u2019s acquisition (as part of New Mexico; see Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo) by the United States in 1848, fewer than 1,000 people of Hispanic origin lived in Arizona. Not until the 20th century did the number of Hispanic residents in Arizona soar. Today most are Mexicans or descendants of Mexicans who have arrived since 1900. Relations between Mexican Americans and Anglos (a term used by Hispanics for English-speaking whites) have at times been strained in Arizona, but in general the two ethnic groups have a history of cordiality that has often been absent in other border states. While some communities have Mexican barrios (ethnic quarters, often characterized by severe poverty), most Mexican Americans in Arizona live in a variety of neighbourhoods and participate fully in the state\u2019s business, political, and social life. Intermarriage with Anglos is common. Although Mexican food, building styles, home furnishings, clothing, social customs, and music have been incorporated into the Arizona lifestyle and are widely shared by longtime residents, the great majority of people (most of whom are relative newcomers to the state from other parts of the country) have been affected by Mexican culture in only a superficial way. If anything, the Mexican American population has been attracted to mainstream American culture.", "Although the Native American peoples of Arizona, since the time of the Spanish conquistadores, have been subjugated, badly exploited, and abused\u2014much as they were elsewhere\u2014this did not cause the total annihilation or permanent displacement of their population. The culture of Native Americans is very much in evidence in Arizona, although they constitute less than one-tenth of the total population. Native Americans are grouped into 15 tribes on 17 reservations that range in size from the 85-acre (34-hectare) Tonto Apache reserve to the 23,400-square-mile (60,600-square-km) reserve (nearly three-fifths of which lies in Arizona) of the Navajo. The latter tribe, numbering about 100,000 in Arizona, is deeply involved in directing the development of its land and people, and the tribal government assumes complete responsibility in many areas of Navajo social and economic life. Among the remaining tribes the best known are the legendary Apache and the much-studied Hopi. The Tohono O\u2019odham and the Akimel O\u2019odham (Pima) peoples have also received much attention in the anthropological and historical literature. Less well known are the Havasupai, who live at the bottom of the Grand Canyon, the Hualapai, the Yaqui, and the Yavapai. (For more information on the Havasupai, Hualapai, and Yavapai, see Yuman.)", "Navajo Indian Reservation, Arizona, U.S. David McNew/Getty Images", "Arizona\u2019s African American population constitutes only a small proportion of the state\u2019s total. Most of Arizona\u2019s cities and towns include predominantly African American neighbourhoods, the result of de facto housing segregation. The state voluntarily desegregated its schools in the early 1940s. Asians and Pacific Islanders are growing in numbers but still constitute the smallest minorities in the state.", "Despite Arizona\u2019s romantic image as a land of picturesque ghost towns and mining camps, isolated ranches, Native American reservations, and bucolic cotton and citrus farms, virtually all of its population is concentrated in urban areas. Three-fifths of the state\u2019s people live in just one of the state\u2019s 15 counties\u2014Maricopa, where Phoenix is located. Of the 15 counties, 6 collectively contain four-fifths of the state\u2019s population. Only a small number of people live on farms and ranches. Most towns and cities have low population densities.", "Phoenix, ArizonaPhoenix, Arizona. \u00a9 welcomia/Shutterstock.com", "Buildings of adobe can be seen in the older inhabited areas of southern Arizona, while Flagstaff and Prescott\u2014northern Arizona cities settled by New Englanders in the 1860s and \u201970s\u2014have Victorian-style houses that reflect the traditions and preferences of their first inhabitants.", "Prescott, Ariz., c. 1866. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.", "Phoenix is the primary trade centre of the state. Its central location, extensive agricultural economy, and attractive vacation and retirement amenities have caused it to become one of the largest and fastest-growing urban areas in the Southwest. Tucson, while older and smaller, has acted as a doorway to Mexico and maintains well-developed commercial and medical ties with Sonora and other northern states of Mexico. Since 1970, its population growth rate has rivaled that of Phoenix.", "Downtown Phoenix, Ariz. Adalberto Rios Lanz/Sexto Sol/Getty Images", "Tucson, ArizonaDowntown Tucson, Arizona, U.S. \u00a9 Kobby Dagan/Shutterstock.com", "In the early 21st century Arizona\u2019s population experienced dramatic growth at almost three times the national rate. Just over a quarter of the population was under age 18. Some of the new residents, as in the past, were \u201csnowbirds,\u201d retirees who spend the winter in the comparatively warm desert and return to other domiciles when the weather turns hot. So-called \u201cwhite flight\u201d from California and out-migration from declining industrial areas in the Midwestern and Eastern United States accounted for many arrivals of working age. Still other newcomers were lured by opportunities in the metropolitan areas, whose economies were beginning to mature to include desirable high-paying jobs. An untold number arrived illegally, most from Mexico and Central America, and filled the ranks of the state\u2019s low-paid service and agricultural sectors. The overall population was projected to reach 10 million by the year 2027.", "Before World War II the focus of Arizona\u2019s economy was primary production\u2014mineral extraction, lumbering, cattle raising, and crop growing. Since the late 1940s the focus has shifted toward manufacturing industry and services, the economy becoming one that better represents the country\u2019s growing affluence and technology. This is especially true of the Phoenix area, where a vibrant high-technology economy has arisen.", "Biosphere 2Biosphere 2, located in Oracle, Arizona, U.S., shown in 2008. The facility was originally developed to study survivability and assess whether humans were capable of building and living in self-sustaining colonies in outer space. It was later used as a scientific research facility. Carol M. Highsmith s America/Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (LC-DIG-highsm-04715)", "Good soil, plenty of irrigation water, and a long growing season enable Arizona to produce cotton, alfalfa, and a variety of grains, vegetables, fruits, and nuts. Arizona continues to be one of the country\u2019s leading cotton producers. For many years citrus growing has remained an important and expanding part of the state\u2019s economy, and, more recently, wine producers have been successful growing a number of varietal grapes. Livestock products include beef, dairy goods, and poultry and eggs. The average size of farms in Arizona is larger than that in any other state, and farmers and ranchers use more than four-fifths of the state\u2019s water.", "Cotton field near Coolidge, Ariz. \u00a9 Richard Cummins/Corbis", "Metallic ores such as copper, zinc, and, to a modest degree, silver and gold traditionally have brought revenue to the state. Coal from the Black Mesa area of the Native American reservations in northeastern Arizona is important, since coal-fired stations generate much of the electricity for the southwestern United States; the northeastern area also produces a small amount of petroleum, as well as large quantities of uranium.", "Since the 1880s, northern Arizona\u2019s massive stands of ponderosa pine have supplied a strong lumber and pulp-paper industry in the state. Rich alluvial soils, particularly in Yuma, Pinal, Pima, and Maricopa counties, have supported large and profitable agricultural operations. The state\u2019s attractive climate and landscape can also be counted among its most valuable resources.", "The natural geographic corridor created by the Colorado Plateau together with its Mogollon Rim escarpment has made possible Arizona\u2019s irrigation projects and most of the state\u2019s hydroelectric power, including that generated by the Roosevelt, Hoover, and Glen Canyon dams. Altogether, nearly a dozen dams control the Mogollon Rim\u2019s runoff, impounding and diverting the water to provide flood control and lakes for water storage. This hydrologic pattern has been a source of much political and legal trouble for Arizona, including years of litigation with California over rights to water from the Colorado River system. The state\u2019s internal sharing of water is also a major problem because groundwater has been depleted, particularly around Phoenix and Tucson, and there are no new sources of surface water. Cities have found it necessary to buy water rights from distant areas, and litigation involving municipalities, Native American tribes, and federal agencies over water rights is increasingly common.", "Hoover DamThe Hoover Dam on the Colorado River, Arizona-Nevada border, U.S. \u00a9 Ron Gatepain", "Glen Canyon DamGlen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River, near Page, Arizona, U.S. AdstockRF", "Between 1880 and 1950 the production of copper remained by far the most important industry in Arizona. Arizona is still the leading copper-producing state in the country, but manufacturing has grown to become the state\u2019s most important basic industry, notably in electronics, communications, aeronautics, and aluminum. Although this growth has brought one of the most dynamic and affluent economies in the nation, many of Arizona\u2019s outlying counties, particularly those with large Native American populations, remain among the poorest areas in the country.", "copper mineCopper mine near Tucson, Arizona. \u00a9 GalinaSt/Fotolia", "Tourism and retirement", "Urban and industrial expansion have so polluted major areas of Arizona that it no longer serves as the refuge it once did for sick people seeking pure air. The climate, scenery, and casual lifestyle, however, still attract millions of visitors each year, and the state has become a popular retirement centre, particularly in the lower desert areas. Large retirement communities such as Sun City, near Phoenix, and Green Valley, near Tucson, have continued to grow.", "Like other western states, Arizona has not emphasized the development of mass transit systems, and state and municipal governments struggle to build sufficient roads to accommodate a swelling population. It has long been so. The state\u2019s earliest service industry was long-distance cartage over rough desert and mountain country; in modern times, the five interstate highways that pass through Arizona are crowded with heavy trucks. These highways generally follow historic roads, most of which were established along Native American trade routes and accommodated stagecoaches and freight carriers. The railroads followed in the later 19th century, with well-established east-west routes passing through southern and northern Arizona, but there was little service to the rugged interior. A greater focus on mass transit development was evident in the state\u2019s larger cities in the early 21st century. A light-rail system that served Phoenix and the surrounding areas began operating in 2008, and Tucson launched a streetcar service in 2014.", "Highways winding through Salt River Canyon, Arizona. Herb and Dorothy McLaughlin", "Phoenix, Arizona: light-rail trainLight-rail train in Phoenix, Arizona. \u00a9 You Touch Pix of EuToch/Shutterstock.com", "Surface transportation is generally organized on the model of southern California, with streets on a grid pattern punctuated by freeways and highways. Within the cities some attention has been given to the development of bicycle paths. Phoenix\u2019s Sky Harbor International Airport offers nonstop international and domestic flights; Tucson International Airport provides more-limited nonstop flights; and Flagstaff and Yuma airports have fewer still. Many other towns have airports capable of accommodating small jet aircraft, and there are numerous military airfields as well.", "Phoenix, Arizona: freewayFreeway in Phoenix, Arizona. \u00a9 Andrew Zarivny/Shutterstock.com", "Next page Government and society", "United States: The Barack Obama administration", "\u2026constitutionality of the provision of Arizona\u2019s controversial 2010 immigration law that required police to check the legal status of anyone they stop for another law enforcement concern if they reasonably suspect that person to be in the United States illegally; however, the court struck down three of the law\u2019s provisions,\u2026", "Native American: Reorganization", "\u2026to this trend occurred in Arizona and New Mexico, which withheld enfranchisement until 1948 and granted it only after a lengthy lawsuit.\u2026", "\u2026in the present-day states of Arizona and New Mexico.\u2026", "same-sex marriage: United States", "\u2026Proposition 8 were approved in Arizona and Florida in 2008 and in North Carolina in 2012.\u2026", "In flag of Arizona", "In United States: The Barack Obama administration", "In United States Presidential Election of 2008: February 5: Super Tuesday", "In same-sex marriage: United States", "In Arizona: History", "In gas chamber", "Native American history and suffrage", "In Native American: Reorganization", "In Arizona: Land", "In Southwest", "Maps of World - Arizona, United States", "CRW Flags - Flag of Arizona, United States", "Smithsonian Channel - How Was the Grand Canyon Formed?", "National Weather Service - The Monsoon", "Official Site of the State of Arizona, United States", "NETSTATE - Arizona, United States", "Arizona - Children s Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11)", "Arizona - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)", "flag of Arizona", "Seal of Arizona", "Arizona s state bird is the cactus wren.", "The blossom of the saguaro cactus is Arizona s state flower.", "Doug Ducey (Republican)", "Grand Canyon State", "Ditat Deus (God Enriches)", "Coues\u2019 cactus wren", "Martha McSally (Republican)", "Kyrsten Sinema (Democrat)", "Seats in U.S. House of Representatives", "Mountain (GMT \u2212 7 hours)", "1Excluding military abroad.", "Stewart Lee Udall", "Morris King (\u201cMo\u201d) Udall", "Carl T. Hayden", "Walpi", "List of U.S. states dates of admission to the union", "List of cities and towns in the United States", "Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District", "Statehood and growth", "Development of commercial agriculture", "Population influx" ] }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/state/az/index.htm", "title": "Arizona U S National Park Service", "content": [ "Alerts & Conditions \u00bb", "Basic Information \u00bb", "Explore the mystery and complexity of an extended network of communities and irrigation canals. An Ancient Sonoran Desert People s farming community and Great House are preserved at Casa Grande Ruins. Whether the Casa Grande was a gathering place for the Desert People or simply a waypoint marker in an extensive system of canals and trading partners is but part of the mystique of the Ruins", "National Memorial", "It was a journey of conquest filled with exploration, wonder - and cruelty. Inspired by tales of vast cities of gold, 339 European soldiers and hundreds of Aztec allies embarked on an epic journey through arid deserts and rugged mountains. They encountered rich traditions and brought new technologies. The resulting collision and combination of cultures reverberates today.", "Fort Bowie witnessed almost 25 years of conflict between the Chiricahua Apache and the US Army, and remains a tangible connection to the turbulent era of the late 1800s. Explore the history of Fort Bowie and Apache Pass as you hike the 1.5 mile trail to the visitor center and old fort ruins. Today, this peaceful landscape stands in stark contrast to the violence that once gripped this land.", "Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, AZ,UT", "Encompassing over 1.25 million acres, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area offers unparalleled opportunities for water-based & backcountry recreation. The recreation area stretches for hundreds of miles from Lees Ferry in Arizona to the Orange Cliffs of southern Utah, encompassing scenic vistas, geologic wonders, and a vast panorama of human history.", "Unique combinations of geologic color and erosional forms decorate a canyon that is 277 river miles (446km) long, up to 18 miles (29km) wide, and a mile (1.6km) deep. Grand Canyon overwhelms our senses through its immense size. South Rim is open all year. North Rim is closed for the winter. 2019 is the Centennial of Grand Canyon National Park.", "The squeaky wooden floor greets your entry into the oldest operating trading post on the Navajo Nation. When your eyes adjust to the dim light in the bullpen you find you\u2019ve just entered a mercantile. Hubbell Trading Post has been serving Ganado selling goods and Native American Art since 1878. Discover Hubbell Trading Post NHS, where history is made every day!", "Nogales, AZ to San Francisco, CA, AZ,CA", "\u00a1Vayan Subiendo! ( Everyone mount up! ) was the rousing call from Juan Bautista de Anza. In 1775-76, he led some 240 men, women, and children on an epic journey to establish the first non-Native settlement at San Francisco Bay. Today, the 1,200-mile Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail connects history, culture, and outdoor recreation from Nogales, Arizona, to the San Francisco Bay Area.", "the Mojave Desert, AZ,NV", "Boat, hike, cycle, camp and fish at America\u2019s most diverse national recreation area. With striking landscapes and brilliant blue waters, this year-round playground spreads across 1.5 million acres of mountains, canyons, valleys and two vast lakes. See the Hoover Dam from the waters of Lake Mead or Lake Mohave, or find solitude in one of the park s nine wilderness areas.", "Black Mesa, AZ", "The Puebloan Ancestors built Tsegi Phase villages within the natural sandstone alcoves of our canyons. Betatakin, Keet Seel, and Inscription House are the three cliff dwelling sites that are tucked away in the alcoves. These villages, which date from AD 1250 to 1300, thrill all who visit with original architectural elements such as masonry walls, roof beams, and pictographs.", "AZ,CA,CO,NV,NM,UT", "Follow the routes of mule pack trains across the Southwest on the Old Spanish National Historic Trail between Santa Fe, New Mexico, and Los Angeles, California. New Mexican traders moved locally produced merchandise across what are now six states to exchange for mules and horses.", "Look closely. Look again. The sights and sounds of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, an International Biosphere Reserve, reveal a thriving community of plants and animals. Human stories echo throughout this desert preserve, chronicling thousands of years of desert living. A scenic drive, wilderness hike or a night of camping will expose you to a living desert that thrives.", "Take a lonely and rocky two-track road in a 4x4 to the edge of the Grand Wash Cliffs. Find a stunning solitary vista deep into the Grand Canyon. Relax in the shade of ponderosas at Mt. Trumbull. Touch ancient waters at Pakoon Springs in one of the driest places in the world. Parashant is remote. There are no crowds here. Be equipped to leave pavement, cell service, and the 21st century behind.", "Did you know that Petrified Forest is more spectacular than ever? While the park has all the wonders known for a century, there are many new adventures and discoveries to share. There are backcountry hikes into areas never open before such as Red Basin and little known areas like the Martha s Butte. There are new exhibits that bring the stories to life. Come rediscover Petrified Forest!", "Current Conditions \u00bb", "Beneath vermilion cliffs, American Indians, Mormon ranchers, plants, animals, and many others have depended on the life-giving water found at the desert oasis at Pipe Spring. Learn about settler and Kaibab Paiute life by exploring the museum, historic fort and cabins, garden, and Ridge Trail. Visit with rangers and ranch animals, and attend living history demonstrations and talks.", "Sunset Crater Volcano", "The cinder cone volcano s rim is the dusky red of sunset, but the crater is only part of the story. Around 1085 the ground began to shake, and lava spewed high into the air. When the eruption finished, it had changed both the landscape and the people who lived here. Today, it teaches how nature and humankind affect each other\u2014and how rebirth and renewal happen in the wake of disaster.", "Tumac\u00e1cori", "Tumac\u00e1cori, AZ", "Tumac\u00e1cori sits at a cultural crossroads in the Santa Cruz River valley. Here O\u2019odham, Yaqui, and Apache people met and mingled with European Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries, settlers, and soldiers, sometimes in conflict and sometimes in cooperation. Follow the timeworn paths and discover stories that connect us to enduring relationships, vibrant cultures, and traditions of long ago.", "Crowning a desert hilltop is an ancient pueblo. A child scans the desert landscape for the arrival of traders. What riches will they bring? What stories will they tell? From the rooftop of the Tuzigoot pueblo it is easy to imagine such a moment. The pueblo shows us this ancient village built by the Sinagua people. They were farmers and artists with trade connections that spanned hundreds of miles.", "Come gaze across curved canyon walls! Among the remarkable geological formations of the canyon itself, the former homes of ancient inhabitants are easily evident. Along the trails you can imagine life within Walnut Canyon, while visiting actual pueblos and walking in the steps of those who came before.", "13,321,857 Visitors to National Parks", "$1,114,700,000 Economic Benefit from National Park Tourism \u00bb", "$64,635,613 of Land & Water Conservation Fund Appropriated for Projects (since 1965) \u00bb", "$31,115,406 in Historic Preservation Grants (since 1969) \u00bb", "30 Certified Local Governments \u00bb", "81 Community Conservation & Recreation Projects (since 1987) \u00bb", "866 Acres Transferred by Federal Lands to Parks for Local Parks and Recreation (since 1948) \u00bb", "204,886 Hours Donated by Volunteers \u00bb", "1 National Heritage Area \u00bb", "2 National Trails Managed by NPS \u00bb", "1,463 National Register of Historic Places Listings \u00bb", "46 National Historic Landmarks \u00bb", "10 National Natural Landmarks \u00bb", "1 World Heritage Site \u00bb", "608 Places Recorded by Heritage Documentation Programs \u00bb", "10,836,520 Objects in National Park Museum Collections \u00bb", "12,607 Archeological Sites in National Parks \u00bb", "22 Threatened & Endangered Species in National Parks \u00bb", "3 Teaching with Historic Places Lesson Plans \u00bb", "9 Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itineraries \u00bb", "Print the summary \u00bb", "These numbers are just a sample of the National Park Service s work. Figures are for the fiscal year that ended 9/30/2017.", "Get Your America the Beautiful Pass!" ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona", "title": "Arizona Wikipedia", "content": [ "This article is about the U.S. state of Arizona. For other uses, see Arizona (disambiguation).", "The Grand Canyon State;", "The Copper State;", "The Valentine State", "Motto(s): Ditat Deus (God enriches)", "State song(s): The Arizona March Song and Arizona", "Spanish 19.5%", "Navajo 1.9%", "Arizonan[1]", "113,990[2] sq mi", "31\u00b0 20\u2032 N to 37\u00b0 N", "109\u00b0\u200a03\u2032 W to 114\u00b0 49\u2032 W", "Ranked 33rd", "$52,248 [3] (33rd)", "Humphreys Peak[4][5][6]", "Colorado River at the Sonora border[5][6]", "February 14, 1912 (48th)", "Doug Ducey (R)", "Katie Hobbs (D)", "4 Republicans (list)", "Mountain: UTC \u22127 (no DST)", "Mountain: UTC \u22127/\u22126", "US-AZ", "AZ, Ariz.", "www.az.gov", "The Flag of Arizona", "The Seal of Arizona", "Arizona tree frog", "Arizona ridge-nosed rattlesnake", "Blue, old gold", "Colt Single Action Army revolver", "Saguaro cactus flowers and buds after a wet winter. This is Arizona s official state flower.", "Arizona (/\u02cc\u00e6r\u026a\u02c8zo\u028an\u0259/ ( listen); Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation: [x\u00f2\u02d0zt\u00f2 x\u0251\u0300x\u00f2\u02d0ts\u00f2]; O odham: Al\u012d \u1e63onak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [\u02e1a\u027ai \u02e1\u0282onak]) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states. It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona, one of the Four Corners states, is bordered by New Mexico to the east, Utah to the north, Nevada and California to the west, and Mexico to the south, as well as the southwestern corner of Colorado. Arizona s border with Mexico is 389 miles (626 km) long, on the northern border of the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California.", "Arizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union, achieving statehood on February 14, 1912, coinciding with Valentine s Day. Historically part of the territory of Alta California in New Spain, it became part of independent Mexico in 1821. After being defeated in the Mexican\u2013American War, Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848. The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase.", "Southern Arizona is known for its desert climate, with very hot summers and mild winters. Northern Arizona features forests of pine, Douglas fir, and spruce trees; the Colorado Plateau; some mountain ranges (such as the San Francisco Mountains); as well as large, deep canyons, with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff, Alpine, and Tucson. In addition to the Grand Canyon National Park, there are several national forests, national parks, and national monuments.", "About one-quarter of the state[7] is made up of Indian reservations that serve as the home of 27 federally recognized Native American tribes, including the Navajo Nation, the largest in the state and the United States, with more than 300,000 citizens. Although federal law gave all Native Americans the right to vote in 1924, Arizona excluded those living on reservations in the state from voting until the state Supreme Court ruled in favor of Native American plaintiffs in Trujillo v. Garley (1948).[8][9]", "3 Geography and geology", "3.1 Earthquakes", "3.2 Adjacent states", "5.1 Race and ethnicity", "5.3 Cities and towns", "6.2 Largest employers", "7.1.1 Interstate highways", "7.1.2 U.S. routes", "7.2 Public transportation, Amtrak, and intercity bus", "7.3 Aviation", "8.1 Capitol complex", "8.2 State legislative branch", "8.3 State executive branch", "8.4 State judicial branch", "8.6 Federal representation", "8.8 Same-sex marriage and Civil unions", "9.1 Elementary and secondary education", "9.3 Public universities in Arizona", "9.4 Private colleges and universities in Arizona", "9.5 Community colleges", "10 Art and culture", "10.1 Visual arts and museums", "10.2 Film", "10.4.1 College sports", "11.1 Notable people", "11.2 State symbols", "The state s name appears to originate from an earlier Spanish name, Arizonac, derived from the O odham name al\u012d \u1e63onak, meaning small spring , which initially applied only to an area near the silver mining camp of Planchas de Plata, Sonora.[10][11][12][13] To the European settlers, their pronunciation sounded like Arissona .[14] The area is still known as al\u012d \u1e63onak in the O odham language.[15] Another possible origin is the Basque phrase haritz ona ( the good oak ), as there were numerous Basque sheepherders in the area.[16][17][18]", "There is a misconception that the state s name originated from the Spanish term \u00c1rida Zona ( Arid Zone ).[14]", "Find sources: Arizona \u2013 news \u00b7 newspapers \u00b7 books \u00b7 scholar \u00b7 JSTOR (February 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)", "Main article: History of Arizona", "The North Rim of the Grand Canyon", "The South Rim of the Grand Canyon", "For thousands of years before the modern era, Arizona was home to numerous Native American tribes. Hohokam, Mogollon and Ancestral Puebloan cultures were among the many that flourished throughout the state. Many of their pueblos, cliffside dwellings, rock paintings and other prehistoric treasures have survived, attracting thousands of tourists each year.", "La conquista del Colorado, by Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau, depicts Francisco V\u00e1zquez de Coronado s 1540\u20131542 expedition", "The first European contact by native peoples was with Marcos de Niza, a Spanish Franciscan, in 1539. He explored parts of the present state and made contact with native inhabitants, probably the Sobaipuri. The expedition of Spanish explorer Coronado entered the area in 1540\u20131542 during its search for C\u00edbola. Few Spanish settlers migrated to Arizona. One of the first settlers in Arizona was Jos\u00e9 Romo de Vivar.[19]", "Father Kino was the next European in the region. A member of the Society of Jesus ( Jesuits ), he led the development of a chain of missions in the region. He converted many of the Indians to Christianity in the Pimer\u00eda Alta (now southern Arizona and northern Sonora) in the 1690s and early 18th century. Spain founded presidios ( fortified towns ) at Tubac in 1752 and Tucson in 1775.", "When Mexico achieved its independence from the Kingdom of Spain and its Spanish Empire in 1821, what is now Arizona became part of its Territory of Nueva California, ( New California ), also known as Alta California ( Upper California ).[20] Descendants of ethnic Spanish and mestizo settlers from the colonial years still lived in the area at the time of the arrival of later European-American migrants from the United States.", "Mexico in 1824. Alta California is the northwestern-most state.", "During the Mexican\u2013American War (1847\u20131848), the U.S. Army occupied the national capital of Mexico City and pursued its claim to much of northern Mexico, including what later became Arizona Territory in 1863 and later the State of Arizona in 1912. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) specified that, in addition to language and cultural rights of the existing inhabitants of former Mexican citizens being considered as inviolable, the sum of US$15 million dollars in compensation (equivalent to $434,365,384.62 in 2018.) be paid to the Republic of Mexico.[21] In 1853, the U.S. acquired the land south below the Gila River from Mexico in the Gadsden Purchase along the southern border area as encompassing the best future southern route for a transcontinental railway.", "What is now known as the state of Arizona was initially administered by the United States government as part of the Territory of New Mexico until the southern part of that region seceded from the Union to form the Territory of Arizona.[22] This newly established territory was formally organized by the Confederate States government on Saturday, January 18, 1862, when President Jefferson Davis approved and signed An Act to Organize the Territory of Arizona,[23] marking the first official use of the name Territory of Arizona . The Southern territory supplied the Confederate government with men, horses, and equipment. Formed in 1862, Arizona scout companies served with the Confederate States Army during the Civil War. Arizona has the westernmost military engagement on record during the Civil War with the Battle of Picacho Pass.", "Geronimo (far right) and his Apache warriors fought against both Mexican and American settlers.", "The Federal government declared a new U.S. Arizona Territory, consisting of the western half of earlier New Mexico Territory, in Washington, D.C., on February 24, 1863. These new boundaries would later form the basis of the state. The first territorial capital, Prescott, was founded in 1864 following a gold rush to central Arizona.[24] The capital was later moved to Tucson, back to Prescott, and then to its final location in Phoenix in a series of controversial moves as different regions of the territory gained and lost political influence with the growth and development of the territory.[25]", "Although names including Gadsonia, Pimeria, Montezuma and Arizuma had been considered for the territory,[26] when 16th President Abraham Lincoln signed the final bill, it read Arizona, and that name was adopted. (Montezuma was not derived from the Aztec emperor, but was the sacred name of a divine hero to the Pima people of the Gila River Valley. It was probably considered\u2014and rejected\u2014for its sentimental value before Congress settled on the name Arizona. )", "Brigham Young, patriarchal leader of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Salt Lake City in Utah, sent Mormons to Arizona in the mid- to late 19th century. They founded Mesa, Snowflake, Heber, Safford, and other towns. They also settled in the Phoenix Valley (or Valley of the Sun ), Tempe, Prescott, and other areas. The Mormons settled what became northern Arizona and northern New Mexico. At the time these areas were located in a part of the former New Mexico Territory.", "Children of Depression-era migrant workers, Pinal County, 1937", "20th century to present[edit]", "During the Mexican Revolution from 1910 to 1920, several battles were fought in the Mexican towns just across the border from Arizona settlements. Throughout the revolution, numerous Arizonans enlisted in one of the several armies fighting in Mexico. Only two significant engagements took place on U.S. soil between U.S. and Mexican forces: Pancho Villa s 1916 Columbus Raid in New Mexico, and the Battle of Ambos Nogales in 1918 in Arizona. The Americans won the latter.", "After U.S. soldiers were fired on by Mexican federal troops, the American garrison launched an assault into Nogales, Mexico. The Mexicans eventually surrendered after both sides sustained heavy casualties. A few months earlier, just west of Nogales, an Indian War battle had occurred, considered the last engagement in the American Indian Wars, which lasted from 1775 to 1918. U.S. soldiers stationed on the border confronted Yaqui Indians who were using Arizona as a base to raid the nearby Mexican settlements, as part of their wars against Mexico.", "Arizona became a U.S. state on February 14, 1912. Arizona was the 48th state admitted to the U.S. and the last of the contiguous states to be admitted.", "Eleanor Roosevelt at the Gila River relocation center, April 23, 1943", "Cotton farming and copper mining, two of Arizona s most important statewide industries, suffered heavily during the Great Depression. But during the 1920s and even the 1930s, tourism began to develop as the important Arizonan industry it is today. Dude ranches, such as the K L Bar and Remuda in Wickenburg, along with the Flying V and Tanque Verde in Tucson, gave tourists the chance to take part in the flavor and activities of the Old West. Several upscale hotels and resorts opened during this period, some of which are still top tourist draws. They include the Arizona Biltmore Hotel in central Phoenix (opened 1929) and the Wigwam Resort on the west side of the Phoenix area (opened 1936).", "Arizona was the site of German POW camps during World War II and Japanese-American internment camps. Because of wartime fears of Japanese invasion of the West Coast, the government authorized the removal of all Japanese-American residents from western Washington, western Oregon, all of California, and western Arizona. From 1942 to 1945, they were forced to reside in internment camps built in the interior of the country. Many lost their homes and businesses in the process. The camps were abolished after World War II.", "The Phoenix-area German P.O.W. site was purchased after the war by the Maytag family (of major home appliance fame). It was developed as the site of the Phoenix Zoo. A Japanese-American internment camp was located on Mount Lemmon, just outside the state s southeastern city of Tucson. Another POW camp was located near the Gila River in eastern Yuma County.", "Arizona was also home to the Phoenix Indian School, one of several federal Indian boarding schools designed to assimilate Native American children into mainstream European-American culture. Children were often enrolled into these schools against the wishes of their parents and families. Attempts to suppress native identities included forcing the children to cut their hair, to take and use English names, to speak only English, and to practice Christianity rather than their native religions.[27]", "Numerous Native Americans from Arizona fought for the United States during World War II. Their experiences resulted in a rising activism in the postwar years to achieve better treatment and civil rights after their return to the state. After Maricopa County did not allow them to register to vote, in 1948 veteran Frank Harrison and Harry Austin, of the Mojave-Apache Tribe at Fort McDowell Indian Reservation, brought a legal suit, Harrison and Austin v. Laveen, to challenge this exclusion. The Arizona Supreme Court ruled in their favor.[9]", "Arizona s population grew tremendously with residential and business development after World War II, aided by the widespread use of air conditioning, which made the intensely hot summers more comfortable. According to the Arizona Blue Book (published by the Arizona Secretary of State s office each year), the state population in 1910 was 294,353. By 1970, it was 1,752,122. The percentage growth each decade averaged about 20% in the earlier decades, and about 60% each decade thereafter.", "In the 1960s, retirement communities were developed. These were special age-restricted subdivisions catering exclusively to the needs of senior citizens; they attracted many retirees who wanted to escape the harsh winters of the Midwest and the Northeast. Sun City, established by developer Del Webb and opened in 1960, was one of the first such communities. Green Valley, south of Tucson, was another such community, designed as a retirement subdivision for Arizona s teachers. Many senior citizens from across the U.S. and Canada come to Arizona each winter and stay only during the winter months; they are referred to as snowbirds.", "In March 2000, Arizona was the site of the first legally binding election ever held over the internet to nominate a candidate for public office.[28] In the 2000 Arizona Democratic Primary, under worldwide attention, Al Gore defeated Bill Bradley. Voter turnout in this state primary increased more than 500% over the 1996 primary.", "Three ships named USS Arizona have been christened in honor of the state, although only USS Arizona (BB-39) was so named after statehood was achieved.", "Geography and geology[edit]", "Main article: Geography of Arizona", "K\u00f6ppen climate types of Arizona", "West Mitten at Monument Valley", "Blue Mesa at Petrified Forest National Park", "The San Francisco Peaks seen from Bellemont", "Sonoran Desert at Saguaro National Park", "Cathedral Rock near Red Rock Crossing in Sedona", "See also lists of counties, islands, rivers, lakes, state parks, national parks, national forests, and volcanic craters.", "Arizona is in the Southwestern United States as one of the Four Corners states. Arizona is the sixth largest state by area, ranked after New Mexico and before Nevada. Of the state s 113,998 square miles (295,000 km2), approximately 15% is privately owned. The remaining area is public forest and park land, state trust land and Native American reservations.", "Arizona is well known for its desert Basin and Range region in the state s southern portions, which is rich in a landscape of xerophyte plants such as the cactus. This region s topography was shaped by prehistoric volcanism, followed by the cooling-off and related subsidence. Its climate has exceptionally hot summers and mild winters. The state is less well known for its pine-covered north-central portion of the high country of the Colorado Plateau (see Arizona Mountains forests).", "Like other states of the Southwest United States, Arizona has an abundance of mountains and plateaus. Despite the state s aridity, 27% of Arizona is forest,[29] a percentage comparable to modern-day France or Germany[citation needed]. The world s largest stand of ponderosa pine trees is in Arizona.[30]", "The Mogollon Rim, a 1,998-foot (609 m) escarpment, cuts across the state s central section and marks the southwestern edge of the Colorado Plateau. In 2002, this was an area of the Rodeo\u2013Chediski Fire, the worst fire in state history.", "Located in northern Arizona, the Grand Canyon is a colorful, deep, steep-sided gorge, carved by the Colorado River. The canyon is one of the seven natural wonders of the world and is largely contained in the Grand Canyon National Park\u2014one of the first national parks in the United States. President Theodore Roosevelt was a major proponent of designating the Grand Canyon area as a National Park, often visiting to hunt mountain lion and enjoy the scenery. The canyon was created by the Colorado River cutting a channel over millions of years, and is about 277 miles (446 km) long, ranges in width from 4 to 18 miles (6 to 29 km) and attains a depth of more than 1 mile (1.6 km). Nearly two billion years of the Earth s history have been exposed as the Colorado River and its tributaries cut through layer after layer of sediment as the Colorado Plateau uplifted.", "Arizona is home to one of the most well-preserved meteorite impact sites in the world. Created around 50,000 years ago, the Barringer Meteorite Crater (better known simply as Meteor Crater ) is a gigantic hole in the middle of the high plains of the Colorado Plateau, about 25 miles (40 km) west of Winslow. A rim of smashed and jumbled boulders, some of them the size of small houses, rises 150 feet (46 m) above the level of the surrounding plain. The crater itself is nearly 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) wide, and 570 feet (170 m) deep.", "Arizona is one of two U.S. states that does not observe Daylight Saving Time (the other being Hawaii). The exception is within the large Navajo Nation (which observes Daylight Saving Time), in the state s northeastern region.", "Earthquakes[edit]", "Generally, Arizona is at low risk of earthquakes, except for the southwestern portion which is at moderate risk due to its proximity to southern California. On the other hand, northern Arizona is at moderate risk due to numerous faults in the area. The regions near and west of Phoenix have the lowest risk.[31]", "The earliest Arizona earthquakes were recorded at Fort Yuma, on the California side of the Colorado River. They were centered near the Imperial Valley, or Mexico, back in the 1800s. Residents in Douglas felt the 1887 Sonora earthquake with its epicenter 40 miles to the south in the Mexican state of Sonora.[32] The first damaging earthquake known to be centered within Arizona occurred on January 25, 1906, also including a series of other earthquakes centered near Socorro, New Mexico. The shock was violent in Flagstaff.", "In September 1910, a series of 52 earthquakes caused a construction crew near Flagstaff to leave the area. In 1912, the year Arizona achieved statehood, on August 18, an earthquake caused a 50-mile crack in the San Francisco Range. In early January 1935, the state experienced a series of earthquakes, in the Yuma area and near the Grand Canyon. Arizona experienced its largest earthquake in 1959, with a tremor of a magnitude 5.6. It was centered near Fredonia, in the state s northwest near the border with Utah. The tremor was felt across the border in Nevada and Utah.[32]", "Adjacent states[edit]", "Utah (north)", "Colorado (northeast)", "Nevada (northwest)", "Sonora, Mexico (south)", "Baja California, Mexico (southwest)", "New Mexico (east)", "Due to its large area and variations in elevation, the state has a wide variety of localized climate conditions. In the lower elevations, the climate is primarily desert, with mild winters and extremely hot summers. Typically, from late fall to early spring, the weather is mild, averaging a minimum of 60 \u00b0F (16 \u00b0C). November through February are the coldest months, with temperatures typically ranging from 40 to 75 \u00b0F (4 to 24 \u00b0C), with occasional frosts.[33]", "About midway through February, the temperatures start to rise, with warm days, and cool, breezy nights. The summer months of June through September bring a dry heat from 90 to 120 \u00b0F (32 to 49 \u00b0C), with occasional high temperatures exceeding 125 \u00b0F (52 \u00b0C) having been observed in the desert area.[33] Arizona s all-time record high is 128 \u00b0F (53 \u00b0C) recorded at Lake Havasu City on June 29, 1994, and July 5, 2007; the all-time record low of \u221240 \u00b0F (\u221240 \u00b0C) was recorded at Hawley Lake on January 7, 1971.", "Due to the primarily dry climate, large diurnal temperature variations occur in less-developed areas of the desert above 2,500 ft (760 m). The swings can be as large as 83 \u00b0F (46 \u00b0C) in the summer months. In the state s urban centers, the effects of local warming result in much higher measured night-time lows than in the recent past.", "Arizona has an average annual rainfall of 12.7 in (323 mm),[34] which comes during two rainy seasons, with cold fronts coming from the Pacific Ocean during the winter and a monsoon in the summer.[35] The monsoon season occurs toward the end of summer. In July or August, the dewpoint rises dramatically for a brief period. During this time, the air contains large amounts of water vapor. Dewpoints as high as 81 \u00b0F (27 \u00b0C)[36] have been recorded during the Phoenix monsoon season. This hot moisture brings lightning, thunderstorms, wind, and torrential, if usually brief, downpours. These downpours often cause flash floods, which can turn deadly. In an attempt to deter drivers from crossing flooding streams, the Arizona Legislature enacted the Stupid Motorist Law. It is rare for tornadoes or hurricanes to occur in Arizona.", "Arizona s northern third is a plateau at significantly higher altitudes than the lower desert, and has an appreciably cooler climate, with cold winters and mild summers, though the climate remains semiarid to arid. Extremely cold temperatures are not unknown; cold air systems from the northern states and Canada occasionally push into the state, bringing temperatures below 0 \u00b0F (\u221218 \u00b0C) to the state s northern parts.", "Indicative of the variation in climate, Arizona is the state which has both the metropolitan area with the most days over 100 \u00b0F (38 \u00b0C) (Phoenix), and the metropolitan area in the lower 48 states with the most days with a low temperature below freezing (Flagstaff).[37]", "Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected cities in Arizona[38]", "December (\u00b0F)", "December (\u00b0C)", "Phoenix 106/83 41/28 66/45 19/7", "Tucson 100/74 38/23 65/39 18/4", "Yuma 107/82 42/28 68/46 20/8", "Flagstaff 81/51 27/11 42/17 6/\u20138", "Prescott 89/60 32/16 51/23 11/\u20135", "Kingman 98/66 37/19 56/32 13/0", "Main article: Demographics of Arizona", "A population density map of Arizona", "Sources: 1910\u20132010[39]", "Note that early censuses", "Native Americans in Arizona", "The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Arizona was 7,171,646 on July 1, 2018, a 12.20% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[40]", "Arizona remained sparsely settled for most of the 19th century.[41] The 1860 census reported the population of Arizona County to be 6,482, of whom 4,040 were listed as Indians , 21 as free colored , and 2,421 as white .[42][43] Arizona s continued population growth puts an enormous stress on the state s water supply.[44] As of 2011[update], 61.3% of Arizona s children under the age of 1 belonged to minority groups.[45]", "The population of metropolitan Phoenix increased by 45.3% from 1991 through 2001, helping to make Arizona the second fastest-growing state in the U.S. in the 1990s (the fastest was Nevada).[46] As of July 2017[update], the population of the Phoenix area is estimated to be over 4.7 million.", "According to the 2010 United States Census, Arizona had a population of 6,392,017. In 2010, illegal immigrants constituted an estimated 7.9% of the population. This was the second highest percentage of any state in the U.S.[47][48]", "Metropolitan Phoenix (4.7 million) and Tucson (1 million) are home to about five-sixths of Arizona s people (as of the 2010 census). Metro Phoenix alone accounts for two-thirds of the state s population.", "Race and ethnicity[edit]", "In 1980, the Census Bureau reported Arizona s population as 16.2% Hispanic, 5.6% Native American, and 74.5% non-Hispanic white.[49] In 2010, the racial makeup of the state was:", "4.6% Native American and Alaska Native", "4.1% Black or African American", "11.9% from some other race", "3.4% from two or more races.", "Hispanics or Latinos of any race made up 29.6% of the state s population. Non-Hispanic whites formed 57.8% of the total population.[50]", "Arizona racial breakdown of population", "White 90.6% 80.8% 75.5% 73.0%", "Native 5.4% 5.5% 5.0% 4.6%", "Black 3.0% 3.0% 3.1% 4.1%", "Native Hawaiian and", "other Pacific Islander \u2013 \u2013 0.1% 0.2%", "Other race 0.5% 9.1% 11.6% 11.9%", "Two or more races \u2013 \u2013 2.9% 3.4%", "Arizona s five largest ancestry groups, as of 2009[update], were:[54]", "Mexican (27.4%);", "German (16.0%);", "Irish (10.8%);", "English (10.1%);", "Italian (4.6%).", "Top 10 non-English languages spoken in Arizona", "(as of 2010)[55]", "Navajo 1.48%", "German 0.39%", "Vietnamese 0.30%", "Other North American indigenous languages (especially indigenous languages of Arizona) 0.27%", "French 0.26%", "Arabic 0.24%", "Apache 0.18%", "Extent of the Spanish language in the state of Arizona", "As of 2010[update], 72.90% (4,215,749) of Arizona residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a primary language, while 20.80% (1,202,638) spoke Spanish, 1.48% (85,602) Navajo, 0.39% (22,592) German, 0.39% (22,426) Chinese (which includes Mandarin), 0.33% (19,015) Tagalog, 0.30% (17,603) Vietnamese, 0.27% (15,707) Other North American Indigenous Languages (especially indigenous languages of Arizona), and French was spoken as a main language by 0.26% (15,062) of the population over the age of five. In total, 27.10% (1,567,548) of Arizona s population age 5 and older spoke a mother language other than English.[55]", "Arizona is home to the largest number of speakers of Native American languages in the 48 contiguous states, as over 85,000 individuals reported speaking Navajo,[56] and 10,403 people reported Apache, as a language spoken at home in 2005.[56] Arizona s Apache County has the highest concentration of speakers of Native American Indian languages in the United States.[57]", "View of suburban development in Scottsdale, 2006", "Art Deco doors of the Cochise County Courthouse in Bisbee", "See also: List of places in Arizona, List of cities and towns in Arizona, and List of Arizona counties", "Phoenix, located in Maricopa County, is the capital and the largest city in Arizona. Other prominent cities in the Phoenix metro area include Mesa (the third largest city in Arizona), Chandler (the fourth largest city in Arizona), Glendale, Peoria, Buckeye, Sun City, Sun City West, Fountain Hills, Surprise, Gilbert, El Mirage, Avondale, Tempe, Tolleson and Scottsdale, with a total metropolitan population of just over 4.7 million.[58] The average high temperature in July, 106 \u00b0F (41 \u00b0C), is one of the highest of any metropolitan area in the United States, offset by an average January high temperature of 67 \u00b0F (19 \u00b0C), the basis of its winter appeal.", "Tucson, with a metro population of just over one million, is the state s second-largest city. It is located in Pima County, approximately 110 miles (180 km) southeast of Phoenix. Tucson was incorporated in 1877, making it the oldest incorporated city in Arizona. It is home to the University of Arizona. Major incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. It has an average July temperature of 100 \u00b0F (38 \u00b0C) and winter temperatures averaging 65 \u00b0F (18 \u00b0C). Saguaro National Park, just west of the city in the Tucson Mountains, is the locale of the largest collection of Saguaro cacti in the world.", "The Prescott metropolitan area includes the cities of Prescott, Cottonwood, Camp Verde and numerous other towns spread out over the 8,123 square miles (21,000 km2) of Yavapai County area. With 212,635 residents, this cluster of towns forms the third largest metropolitan area in the state. The city of Prescott (population 41,528) lies approximately 100 miles (160 km) northwest of the Phoenix metropolitan area. Situated in pine tree forests at an elevation of about 5,500 feet (1,700 m), Prescott enjoys a much cooler climate than Phoenix, with average summer highs around 88 \u00b0F (31 \u00b0C) and winter temperatures averaging 50 \u00b0F (10 \u00b0C).", "Yuma is center of the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Arizona. Located in Yuma County, it is near the borders of California and Mexico. It is one of the hottest cities in the United States, with an average July high of 107 \u00b0F (42 \u00b0C). (The same month s average in Death Valley is 115 \u00b0F (46 \u00b0C).) The city features sunny days about 90% of the year. The Yuma Metropolitan Statistical Area has a population of 160,000. Yuma attracts many winter visitors from all over the United States.", "Flagstaff, in Coconino County, is the largest city in northern Arizona, and is at an elevation of nearly 7,000 feet (2,100 m). With its large Ponderosa pine forests, snowy winter weather and picturesque mountains, it is a stark contrast to the desert regions typically associated with Arizona. It is sited at the base of the San Francisco Peaks, the highest mountain range in the state of Arizona, which contain Humphreys Peak, the highest point in Arizona at 12,633 feet (3,851 m). Flagstaff has a strong tourism sector, due to its proximity to numerous tourist attractions including: Grand Canyon National Park, Sedona, and Oak Creek Canyon. Historic U.S. Route 66 is the main east-west street in the town. The Flagstaff metropolitan area is home to 134,421 residents and the main campus of Northern Arizona University.", "Lake Havasu City, in Mohave County, known as Arizona s playground, was developed on the Colorado River and is named after Lake Havasu. Lake Havasu City has a population of about 53,000 people. It is famous for huge spring break parties, sunsets and the London Bridge, relocated from London, England. Lake Havasu City was founded by real estate developer Robert P. McCulloch in 1963.[59] It has two colleges, Mohave Community College and ASU Colleges in Lake Havasu City.[60]", "Largest cities or towns in Arizona", "Tucson 1 Phoenix Maricopa 1,626,078 11 Yuma Yuma 95,502", "2 Tucson Pima 535,677 12 San Tan Valley Pinal 93,000", "3 Mesa Maricopa 496,401 13 Avondale Maricopa 84,025", "4 Chandler Maricopa 253,458 14 Goodyear Maricopa 79,858", "5 Scottsdale Maricopa 249,950 15 Casas Adobes Pima 74,000", "6 Glendale Maricopa 246,709 16 Flagstaff Coconino 71,975", "7 Gilbert Maricopa 242,354 17 Buckeye Maricopa 68,453", "8 Tempe Maricopa 185,038 18 Casa Grande Pinal 55,477", "9 Peoria Maricopa 168,181 19 Lake Havasu City Mohave 54,411", "10 Surprise Maricopa 134,085 20 Catalina Foothills Pima 54,000", "The Spanish mission of San Xavier del Bac, founded in 1700", "Religion in Arizona (2014)[62]", "As of the year 2010, the Association of Religion Data Archives reported that the three largest denominational groups in Arizona were the Catholic Church, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints and non-denominational Evangelical Protestants. The Catholic Church has the highest number of adherents in Arizona (at 930,001), followed by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with 410,263 members reported[63] and then non-denominational Evangelical Protestants, reporting 281,105 adherents.[64] The religious body with the largest number of congregations is The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (with 836 congregations[65]) followed by the Southern Baptist Convention (with 323 congregations).", "According to the Association of Religion Data Archives, the fifteen largest denominations by number of adherents in 2010 and 2000 were:[66][67]", "Catholic Church 930,001 974,884", "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 410,263 251,974", "Non-denominational Christian 281,105 63,885[nb 1]", "Southern Baptist Convention 126,830 138,516", "Assemblies of God 123,713 82,802", "United Methodist Church 54,977 53,232", "Christian Churches and Churches of Christ 48,386 33,162", "Evangelical Lutheran Church in America 42,944 69,393", "Lutheran Church\u2013Missouri Synod 26,322 24,977", "Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) 26,078 33,554", "Episcopal Church (United States) 24,853 31,104", "Seventh-day Adventist Church 20,924 11,513", "Church of the Nazarene 16,991 18,143", "Lutheran Congregations in Mission for Christ 14,350 0", "Churches of Christ 14,151 14,471", "Regarding non-Christian denominations, Hinduism became the largest non-Christian religion (when combining all denominations) in 2010, with over 32,000 adherents in several denominations, followed by Judaism with over 20,000 in three denominations, and Buddhism with over 19,000 adherents in several denominations.[66][68][69]", "Arizona s Meteor Crater is a tourist attraction.", "See also: Arizona locations by per capita income", "The 2011 total gross state product was $259 billion. This figure gives Arizona a larger economy than such countries as Ireland, Finland, and New Zealand. The composition of the state s economy is moderately diverse; although health care, transportation and the government remain the largest sectors.", "The state s per capita income is $40,828, ranking 39th in the U.S. The state had a median household income of $50,448, making it 22nd in the country and just below the U.S. national mean.[70] Early in its history, Arizona s economy relied on the five C s : copper (see Copper mining in Arizona), cotton, cattle, citrus, and climate (tourism). Copper is still extensively mined from many expansive open-pit and underground mines, accounting for two-thirds of the nation s output.", "Employment[edit]", "The state government is Arizona s largest employer, while Banner Health is the state s largest private employer, with over 39,000 employees (2016). As of March 2016[update], the state s unemployment rate was 5.4%.[71]", "The top employment sectors in Arizona are (August 2014, excludes agriculture):", "Employees (thousands)", "Trade, transportation, and utilities 488.6", "Government 408.5", "Education and health services 392.1", "Professional and business services 384.2", "Leisure and hospitality 286.4", "Financial activities 193.2", "Manufacturing 156.0", "Other services 88.2", "Information 41.8", "Mining and logging 13.7", "Largest employers[edit]", "According to The Arizona Republic, the largest private employers in the state as of 2016[update] were:[72]", "1 Banner Health 39,781 Health care", "2 Walmart Stores, Inc. 34,856 Discount retailer", "3 Kroger Co. 16,856 Grocery stores", "4 McDonald s Corp. 15,781 Food service", "5 Wells Fargo & Co. 15,071 Financial services", "6 Albertsons Inc. 14,490 Grocery stores, retail drugstores", "7 Intel Corp. 11,300 Semiconductor manufacturing", "8 HonorHealth 10,600 Health care", "9 (tie) American Airlines 10,000 Airline", "Home Depot Inc. 10,000 Retail home improvement", "Honeywell International Inc. 10,000 Aerospace manufacturing", "12 Bank of America Corp. 9,800 Financial services", "13 Raytheon Co. 9,600 Defense (missile manufacturing)", "14 JP Morgan Chase & Co. 9,500 Financial services", "15 Bashas Supermarkets 8,525 Grocery stores", "16 Target Corp. 8,241 Discount retailer", "17 Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. 8,030 Mining", "18 Dignity Health 8,000 Health care", "19 CVS Health 7,200 Pharmaceutical services (including retail drugstores)", "20 American Express Co. 7,079 Financial services", "21 Circle K Corp. 6,800 Convenience stores", "22 UnitedHealthcare 6,000 Health care", "23 Pinnacle West Capital Corp. 6,407 Electric utility", "24 Mayo Foundation 6,274 Health care", "25 Amazon.com 6,000 Online Shopping", "Arizona collects personal income taxes in five brackets: 2.59%, 2.88%, 3.36%, 4.24% and 4.54%.[73] The state transaction privilege tax is 5.6%; however, county and municipal sales taxes generally add an additional 2%.", "The state rate on transient lodging (hotel/motel) is 7.27%. The state of Arizona does not levy a state tax on food for home consumption or on drugs prescribed by a licensed physician or dentist. However, some cities in Arizona do levy a tax on food for home consumption.", "All fifteen Arizona counties levy a tax. Incorporated municipalities also levy transaction privilege taxes which, with the exception of their hotel/motel tax, are generally in the range of 1-to-3%. These added assessments could push the combined sales tax rate to as high as 10.7%.", "0 \u2013 $10,000 2.590% 0 \u2013 $20,000 2.590%", "$10,000 \u2013 $25,000 2.880% $20,001 \u2013 $50,000 2.880%", "$25,000 \u2013 $50,000 3.360% $50,001 \u2013 $100,000 3.360%", "$50,000 \u2013 $150,001 4.240% $100,000 \u2013 $300,001 4.240%", "$150,001 + 4.540% $300,001 + 4.540%", "Main article: Transportation in Arizona", "Entering Arizona on I-10 from New Mexico", "Interstate highways[edit]", "I-8 | I-10 | Future I-11 | I-15 | I\u201117 | I\u201119 | I-40", "U.S. routes[edit]", "US 60 | US 64 | US 70 | US 89 | US 91 | US 93 | US 95 | US 160 | US 163 | US 180 | US 191", "Main interstate routes include I-17, and I-19 traveling north-south, I-8, I-10, and I-40, traveling east-west, and a short stretch of I-15 traveling northeast\u2013southwest through the extreme northwestern corner of the state. In addition, the various urban areas are served by complex networks of state routes and highways, such as the Loop 101, which is part of Phoenix s vast freeway system.", "Public transportation, Amtrak, and intercity bus[edit]", "The Phoenix and Tucson metropolitan areas are served by public bus transit systems. Yuma and Flagstaff also have public bus systems. Greyhound Lines serves Phoenix, Tucson, Flagstaff, Yuma, and several smaller communities statewide.", "A Navajo man on horseback in Monument Valley", "A light rail system, called Valley Metro Rail, was completed in December 2008; it connects Central Phoenix with the nearby cities of Mesa and Tempe.", "In Tucson, the Sun Link streetcar system travels through the downtown area, connecting the main University of Arizona campus with Mercado San Agustin on the western edge of downtown Tucson. Sun Link, loosely based on the Portland Streetcar, launched in July 2014.[74]", "Amtrak Southwest Chief route serves the northern part of the state, stopping at Winslow, Flagstaff, Williams and Kingman. The Texas Eagle and Sunset Limited routes serve South-Central Arizona, stopping at Tucson, Maricopa, Yuma and Benson. Phoenix lost Amtrak service in 1996 with the discontinuation of the Desert Wind, and now an Amtrak bus runs between Phoenix and the station in Maricopa.", "See also: List of passenger train stations in Arizona", "See also: List of airports in Arizona", "Airports with regularly scheduled commercial flights include: Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (IATA: PHX, ICAO: KPHX) in Phoenix (the largest airport and the major international airport in the state); Tucson International Airport (IATA: TUS, ICAO: KTUS) in Tucson; Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport (IATA: AZA, ICAO: KIWA) in Mesa; Yuma International Airport (IATA: NYL, ICAO: KNYL) in Yuma; Prescott Municipal Airport (PRC) in Prescott; Flagstaff Pulliam Airport (IATA: FLG, ICAO: KFLG) in Flagstaff, and Grand Canyon National Park Airport (IATA: GCN, ICAO: KGCN, FAA: GCN), a small, but busy, single-runway facility providing tourist flights, mostly from Las Vegas. Phoenix Sky Harbor is currently 7th busiest airport in the world in terms of aircraft movements, and 17th for passenger traffic.[75][76]", "Other significant airports without regularly scheduled commercial flights include Scottsdale Municipal Airport (IATA: SCF, ICAO: KSDL) in Scottsdale, and Deer Valley Airport (IATA: DVT, ICAO: KDVT, FAA: DVT) home to two flight training academies and the nation s busiest general aviation airport.[77]", "Main article: Government of Arizona", "See also: Arizona Constitution, United States congressional delegations from Arizona, List of Arizona Governors, Political party strength in Arizona, and Arizona Revised Statutes", "Capitol complex[edit]", "The original Arizona State Capitol, Phoenix", "The state capital of Arizona is Phoenix. The original Capitol building, with its distinctive copper dome, was dedicated in 1901 (construction was completed for $136,000 in 1900), when the area was still a territory. Phoenix became the official state capital with Arizona s admission to the union in 1912.", "The House of Representatives and Senate buildings were dedicated in 1960, and an Executive Office Building was dedicated in 1974 (the ninth floor of this building is where the Office of the Governor is located). The original Capitol building was converted into a museum.", "The Capitol complex is fronted and highlighted by the richly landscaped Wesley Bolin Memorial Plaza, named after Wesley Bolin, a governor who died in office in the 1970s. Numerous monuments and memorials are on the site, including the anchor and signal mast from the USS Arizona (one of the U.S. Navy ships sunk in Pearl Harbor) and a granite version of the Ten Commandments.", "State legislative branch[edit]", "The Arizona Legislature is bicameral (like the legislature of every other state except Nebraska) and consists of a thirty-member Senate and a 60-member House of Representatives. Each of the thirty legislative districts has one senator and two representatives. Legislators are elected for two-year terms.", "Each Legislature covers a two-year period. The first session following the general election is known as the first regular session, and the session convening in the second year is known as the second regular session. Each regular session begins on the second Monday in January and adjourns sine die (terminates for the year) no later than Saturday of the week in which the 100th day from the beginning of the regular session falls. The President of the Senate and Speaker of the House, by rule, may extend the session up to seven additional days. Thereafter, the session can only be extended by a majority vote of members present of each house.", "The current majority party is the Republican Party, which has held power in both houses since 1993.", "Arizona state senators and representatives are elected for two-year terms and are limited to four consecutive terms in a chamber, though there is no limit on the total number of terms. When a lawmaker is term-limited from office, it is not uncommon for him or her to run for election in the other chamber.", "The fiscal year 2006\u201307 general fund budget, approved by the Arizona Legislature in June 2006, is slightly less than $10 billion. Besides the money spent on state agencies, it also includes more than $500 million in income- and property tax cuts, pay raises for government employees, and additional funding for the K\u201312 education system.", "State executive branch[edit]", "State of Arizona elected officials", "Governor Doug Ducey (R)", "Secretary of State Katie Hobbs (D)", "Attorney General Mark Brnovich (R)", "State Treasurer Kimberley Yee (R)", "Superintendent of Public Instruction Kathy Hoffman (D)", "State Mine Inspector Joe Hart (R)", "Corporation Commissioner", "Sandra Kennedy (D)", "Bob Burns (R)", "Boyd Dunn (R)", "Justin Olson (R)", "Arizona s executive branch is headed by a governor, who is elected to a four-year term. The governor may serve any number of terms, though no more than two in a row. Arizona is one of the few states that does not maintain a governor s mansion. During office the governors reside within their private residence, and all executive offices are housed in the executive tower at the state capitol. The current governor of Arizona is Doug Ducey (R).", "Former Governor Jan Brewer assumed office after Janet Napolitano had her nomination by Barack Obama for Secretary of Homeland Security confirmed by the United States Senate.[78] Arizona has had four female governors, more than any other state.", "Other elected executive officials include the Secretary of State, State Treasurer, State Attorney General, Superintendent of Public Instruction, State Mine Inspector and a five-member Corporation Commission. All elected officials hold a term of four years, and are limited to two consecutive terms (except the office of the State Mine Inspector, which is limited to 4 terms[79]).", "Arizona is one of five states that do not have a specified lieutenant governor. The secretary of state is the first in line to succeed the governor in the event of death, disability, resignation, or removal from office. The line of succession also includes the attorney general, state treasurer and superintendent of public instruction. Since 1977, four secretaries of state and one attorney general have risen to Arizona s governorship through these means.", "State judicial branch[edit]", "The Arizona Supreme Court is the highest court in Arizona. The court currently consists of one chief justice, a vice chief justice, and three associate justices. Justices are appointed by the governor from a list recommended by a bipartisan commission, and are re-elected after the initial two years following their appointment. Subsequent re-elections occur every six years. The supreme court has appellate jurisdiction in death penalty cases, but almost all other appellate cases go through the Arizona Court of Appeals beforehand. The court has original jurisdiction in a few other circumstances, as outlined in the state constitution. The court may also declare laws unconstitutional, but only while seated en banc. The court meets in the Arizona Supreme Court Building at the capitol complex (at the southern end of Wesley Bolin Plaza).", "The Arizona Court of Appeals, further divided into two divisions, is the intermediate court in the state. Division One is based in Phoenix, consists of sixteen judges, and has jurisdiction in the Western and Northern regions of the state, along with the greater Phoenix area. Division Two is based in Tucson, consists of six judges, and has jurisdiction over the Southern regions of the state, including the Tucson area. Judges are selected in a method similar to the one used for state supreme court justices.", "Each county of Arizona has a superior court, the size and organization of which are varied and generally depend on the size of the particular county.", "Arizona is divided into political jurisdictions designated as counties. There are 15 counties in the state, ranging in size from 1,238 square miles (3,210 km2) to 18,661 square miles (48,330 km2).", "2010 population[80]", "Area (sq. mi.)", "Apache St. Johns 1879 71,518 1.12 % 11,218 9.84 %", "Cochise Bisbee 1881 131,346 2.05 % 6,219 5.46 %", "Coconino Flagstaff 1891 134,421 2.10 % 18,661 16.37 %", "Gila Globe 1881 53,597 0.84 % 4,796 4.21 %", "Graham Safford 1881 37,220 0.58 % 4,641 4.07 %", "Greenlee Clifton 1909 8,437 0.13 % 1,848 1.62 %", "La Paz Parker 1983 20,489 0.32 % 4,513 3.96 %", "Maricopa Phoenix 1871 3,817,117 59.72 % 9,224 8.09 %", "Mohave Kingman 1864 200,186 3.13 % 13,470 11.82 %", "Navajo Holbrook 1895 107,449 1.68 % 9,959 8.74 %", "Pima Tucson 1864 980,263 15.34 % 9,189 8.06 %", "Pinal Florence 1875 375,770 5.88 % 5,374 4.71 %", "Santa Cruz Nogales 1899 47,420 0.74 % 1,238 1.09 %", "Yavapai Prescott 1864 211,033 3.30 % 8,128 7.13 %", "Yuma Yuma 1864 195,751 3.06 % 5,519 4.84 %", "Totals: 15 6,392,017 113,997", "Federal representation[edit]", "Arizona s two United States Senators are Kyrsten Sinema (D) and Martha McSally (R). McSally was appointed by Governor Ducey to succeed acting senator Jon Kyl to fill the spot formerly occupied by the late six-term senior Senator John McCain, who died August 25, 2018. Senator McSally, will serve in office until a special election in 2020.", "As of the start of the 115th Congress, Arizona s representatives in the United States House of Representatives are Tom O Halleran (D-1), Ann Kirkpatrick (D-2), Raul Grijalva (D-3), Paul Gosar (R-4), Andy Biggs (R-5), David Schweikert (R-6), Ruben Gallego (D-7), Debbie Lesko (R-8), and Greg Stanton (D-9). Arizona gained a ninth seat in the House of Representatives due to redistricting based on Census 2010.", "2016 49.15% 1,240,656 45.35% 1,144,709", "See also: Elections in Arizona, Political party strength in Arizona", "Voter registration and party enrollment as of October 28, 2016[update][81]", "Republican 1,239,614 34.54%", "Independent 1,219,297 33.98%", "Democratic 1,091,323 30.41%", "Libertarian Party 31,358 0.87%", "Green Party 6,894 0.19%", "Party registration by county:", "Democrat >= 30%", "Republican >= 30%", "Unaffiliated\u2014<30%", "From statehood through the late 1940s, Arizona was primarily dominated by the Democratic Party. During this time period, the Democratic candidate for the presidency carried the state each election, with the only exceptions being the elections of 1920, 1924 and 1928\u2014all three of which were national Republican landslides.", "In 1924, Congress had passed a law granting citizenship and suffrage to all Native Americans, some of whom had previously been excluded as members of tribes on reservations. Legal interpretations of Arizona s constitution prohibited Native Americans living on reservations from voting, classifying them as being under guardianship. [9] This interpretation was overturned as being incorrect and unconstitutional in 1948 by the Arizona Supreme Court, following a suit by World War II Indian veterans Frank Harrison and Harry Austin, both of the Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation. The landmark case is Harrison and Austin v. Laveen. After the men were refused the opportunity to register in Maricopa County, they filed suit against the registrar. The National Congress of American Indians, the Department of Justice, the Department of the Interior, and the American Civil Liberties Union all filed amicus curiae (friends of the court) briefs in the case. The State Supreme Court established the rights of Native Americans to vote in the state; at the time, they comprised about 11% of the population.[9] That year, a similar provision was overturned in New Mexico when challenged by another Indian veteran in court. These were the only two states that had continued to prohibit Native Americans from voting.[8][9]", "Since the election of Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952, the majority of state voters have favored Republicans in presidential elections. Arizona voted Republican in every presidential election from 1952 to 1992, with Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan winning the state by particularly large margins. During this forty-year span, it was the only state not to be carried by a Democrat at least once.", "Democrat Lyndon Johnson, in 1964, lost the state by less than 5,000 votes to Arizona Senator and native Barry Goldwater. (This was the most closely contested state in what was otherwise a landslide victory for Johnson that year.) Democrat Bill Clinton ended this streak in 1996, when he won Arizona by a little over two percentage points (Clinton had previously come within less than two percent of winning Arizona s electoral votes in 1992). Since then, the majority of the state has continued to support Republican presidential candidates by solid margins.", "Since the late 20th century, the Republican Party has also dominated Arizona politics in general. The fast-growing Phoenix and Tucson suburbs became increasingly friendly to Republicans from the 1950s onward. During this time, many Pinto Democrats, or conservative Democrats from rural areas, became increasingly willing to support Republicans at the state and national level. While the state normally supports Republicans at the federal level, Democrats are often competitive in statewide elections. Two of the last six governors have been Democrats.", "On March 4, 2008, Senator John McCain effectively clinched the Republican nomination for 2008, becoming the first presidential nominee from the state since Barry Goldwater in 1964.", "Arizona politics are dominated by a longstanding rivalry between its two largest counties, Maricopa and Pima\u2014home to Phoenix and Tucson, respectively. The two counties have almost 75 percent of the state s population and cast almost 80 percent of the state s vote. They also elect a substantial majority of the state legislature.", "Maricopa County is home to almost 60 percent of the state s population, and most of the state s elected officials live there. It has voted Republican in every presidential election since 1948. This includes the 1964 run of native son Barry Goldwater; he would not have carried his home state without his 20,000-vote margin in Maricopa County. Similarly, while McCain won Arizona by eight percentage points in 2008, aided by his 130,000-vote margin in Maricopa County.", "In contrast, Pima County, home to Tucson, and most of southern Arizona have historically voted more Democratic. While Tucson s suburbs lean Republican, they hold to a somewhat more moderate brand of Republicanism than is common in the Phoenix area.", "Arizona rejected a same-sex marriage ban in a referendum as part of the 2006 elections. Arizona was the first state in the nation to do so. Same-sex marriage was not recognized in Arizona, but this amendment would have denied any legal or financial benefits to unmarried homosexual or heterosexual couples.[82] In 2008, Arizona voters passed Proposition 102, an amendment to the state constitution to define marriage as a union of one man and one woman. It passed by a more narrow majority than similar votes in a number of other states.[83]", "In 2010, Arizona passed SB 1070, called the toughest illegal immigration legislation in the nation. A fierce debate erupted between supporters and detractors of the law.[84]", "The United States Supreme Court heard arguments March 18, 2013, regarding the validity of the Arizona law, which requires individuals to show documents proving U.S. citizenship in order to register to vote in national elections.[85]", "Same-sex marriage and Civil unions[edit]", "In 2006, Arizona became the first state in the United States to reject a proposition, Prop 107, that would have banned same-sex marriage and civil unions.[86] However, in 2008, Arizona voters approved of Prop 102, a constitutional amendment that prohibited same-sex marriage but not other unions.[87] Prior to same-sex marriage being legal, the City of Bisbee became the first jurisdiction in Arizona to approve of civil unions.[88] The state s Attorney General at the time, Tom Horne, threatened to sue, but rescinded the threat once Bisbee amended the ordinance; Bisbee approved of civil unions in 2013.[89] The municipalities of Clarkdale, Cottonwood, Jerome, Sedona, and Tucson also passed civil unions.[90]", "A November 2011 Public Policy Polling survey found that 44% of Arizona voters supported the legalization of same-sex marriage, while 45% opposed it and 12% were not sure. A separate question on the same survey found that 72% of respondents supported legal recognition of same-sex couples, with 40% supporting same-sex marriage, 32% supporting civil unions, 27% opposing all legal recognition and 1% not sure. Arizona Proposition 102, known by its supporters as the Marriage Protection Amendment, appeared as a legislatively referred constitutional amendment on the November 4, 2008 ballot in Arizona, where it was approved: 56.2%\u201343%. It amended the Arizona Constitution to define marriage as between one man and one woman.[91]", "On October 17, 2014, Arizona Attorney General Tom Horne announced that his office would no longer object to same-sex marriage, in response to a U.S. District Court Ruling on Arizona Proposition 102. On that day, each county s Clerk of the Superior Court began to issue same-sex marriage licenses, and Arizona became the 31st state to legalize same-sex marriage.", "Elementary and secondary education[edit]", "Public schools in Arizona are separated into about 220 local school districts which operate independently, but are governed in most cases by elected county school superintendents; these are in turn overseen by the Arizona State Board of Education (a division of the Arizona Department of Education) and the state Superintendent of Public Instruction (elected in partisan elections every even-numbered year when there is not a presidential election, for a four-year term). In 2005, a School District Redistricting Commission was established with the goal of combining and consolidating many of these districts.", "The University of Arizona (the Mall) located in Tucson", "Arizona State University (a biodesign building) located in Tempe", "Northern Arizona University (The Skydome) located in Flagstaff", "Arizona is served by three public universities: The University of Arizona, Arizona State University, and Northern Arizona University. These schools are governed by the Arizona Board of Regents.", "Private higher education in Arizona is dominated by a large number of for-profit and chain (multi-site) universities.[92]", "Embry\u2013Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott and Prescott College are Arizona s only non-profit four-year private colleges.[93]", "Arizona has a wide network of two-year vocational schools and community colleges. These colleges were governed historically by a separate statewide Board of Directors but, in 2002, the state legislature transferred almost all oversight authority to individual community college districts.[94] The Maricopa County Community College District includes 11 community colleges throughout Maricopa County and is one of the largest in the nation.", "Public universities in Arizona[edit]", "Arizona State University, (Sun Devils) Tempe/Phoenix/Mesa/Glendale/Lake Havasu", "Northern Arizona University, (Lumberjacks) Flagstaff/Yuma/Prescott", "University of Arizona, (Wildcats) Tucson/Sierra Vista, M.D. college in downtown Phoenix and UA Agricultural Center in Yuma/Maricopa", "Private colleges and universities in Arizona[edit]", "Art Institute of Tucson", "Art Institute of Phoenix", "International Baptist College", "Penn Foster College[95]", "Community colleges[edit]", "Maricopa County Community College District", "Rio Salado Community College", "Art and culture[edit]", "Visual arts and museums[edit]", "See also: List of museums in Arizona", "Phoenix Art Museum, located on the historic Central Avenue corridor in Phoenix, is the Southwest s largest collection of visual art from across the world. The museum displays international exhibitions alongside the museum s collection of more than 18,000 works of American, Asian, European, Latin American, Western American, modern and contemporary art, and fashion design. With a community education mandate since 1951, Phoenix Art Museum holds a year-round program of festivals, live performances, independent art films and educational programs. The museum also has PhxArtKids, an interactive space for children; photography exhibitions through the museum s partnership with the Center for Creative Photography; the landscaped Sculpture Garden and dining at Arcadia Farms.", "Arizona is a recognized center of Native American art, with a number of galleries showcasing historical and contemporary works. The Heard Museum, also located in Phoenix, is a major repository of Native American art. Some of the signature exhibits include a full Navajo hogan, the Mareen Allen Nichols Collection containing 260 pieces of contemporary jewelry, the Barry Goldwater Collection of 437 historic Hopi kachina dolls, and an exhibit on the 19th century boarding school experiences of Native Americans. The Heard Museum has about 250,000 visitors a year.", "Sedona, Jerome, and Tubac are known as a budding artist colonies, and small arts scenes exist in the larger cities and near the state universities.", "See also: List of films shot in Arizona", "View of Monument Valley from John Ford s Point", "Several major Hollywood films, such as Billy Jack, U Turn, Waiting to Exhale, Just One of the Guys, Can t Buy Me Love, Bill & Ted s Excellent Adventure, The Scorpion King, The Banger Sisters, Used Cars, and Raising Arizona have been made there (as have many Westerns). The 1993 science fiction movie Fire in the Sky, based on a reported alien abduction in the town of Snowflake, was set in Snowflake. It was filmed in the Oregon towns of Oakland, Roseburg, and Sutherlin.", "The 1974 film Alice Doesn t Live Here Anymore, for which Ellen Burstyn won the Academy Award for Best Actress, and also starring Kris Kristofferson, was set in Tucson. The climax of the 1977 Clint Eastwood film The Gauntlet takes place in downtown Phoenix. The final segments of the 1984 film Starman take place at Meteor Crater outside Winslow. The Jeff Foxworthy comedy documentary movie Blue Collar Comedy Tour was filmed almost entirely at the Dodge Theatre. Some of Alfred Hitchcock s classic film Psycho was shot in Phoenix, the ostensible home town of the main character.", "Some of the television shows filmed or set in Arizona include The New Dick Van Dyke Show, Medium, Alice, The First 48, Insomniac with Dave Attell, Cops, and America s Most Wanted. The TV sitcom Alice, which was based on the movie was set in Phoenix. Twilight had passages set in Phoenix at the beginning and the end of the film.", "Main article: Music of Arizona", "Arizona is prominently featured in the lyrics of many Country and Western songs, such as Jamie O Neal s hit ballad There Is No Arizona . George Strait s Oceanfront Property uses ocean front property in Arizona as a metaphor for a sucker proposition. The line see you down in Arizona Bay is used in a Tool song in reference to the possibility (expressed as a hope by comedian Bill Hicks) that Southern California will one day fall into the ocean. Glen Campbell, a notable resident, popularized the song By The Time I Get To Phoenix .", "Standin on the Corner Park and mural in Winslow, Arizona", "Arizona was the title of a popular song recorded by Mark Lindsay. Arizona is mentioned by the hit song Take It Easy , written by Jackson Browne and Glenn Frey and performed by the Eagles. Arizona is also mentioned in the Beatles song Get Back , credited to John Lennon and Paul McCartney; McCartney sings: JoJo left his home in Tucson, Arizona, for some California grass. Carefree Highway , released in 1974 by Gordon Lightfoot, takes its name from Arizona State Route 74 north of Phoenix.[96]", "Arizona s budding music scene is helped by emerging bands, as well as some well-known artists. The Gin Blossoms, Chronic Future, Roger Clyne and the Peacemakers, Jimmy Eat World, Caroline s Spine, and others began their careers in Arizona. Also, a number of punk and rock bands got their start in Arizona, including JFA, The Feederz, Sun City Girls, The Meat Puppets, The Maine, The Summer Set, and more recently Authority Zero and Digital Summer.", "Arizona also has many singers and other musicians. Singer, songwriter and guitarist Michelle Branch is from Sedona. The late Chester Bennington, the former lead vocalist of Linkin Park, and mash-up artist DJ Z-Trip are both from Phoenix. One of Arizona s better known musicians is shock rocker Alice Cooper, who helped define the genre. Maynard James Keenan, the lead singer of the bands Tool, A Perfect Circle, and Puscifer, calls the town of Cornville his current home.", "Other notable singers include country singers Dierks Bentley and Marty Robbins, folk singer Katie Lee, Fleetwood Mac s Stevie Nicks, CeCe Peniston, Rex Allen, 2007 American Idol winner Jordin Sparks, and Linda Ronstadt.", "Arizona is also known for its heavy metal scene, which is centered in and around Phoenix. In the early to mid-1990s, it included bands such as Job for a Cowboy, Knights of the Abyss, Greeley Estates, Eyes Set To Kill, blessthefall, The Word Alive, The Dead Rabbitts, and Abigail Williams. The band Soulfly calls Phoenix home and Megadeth lived in Phoenix for about a decade. Beginning in and around 2009, Phoenix began to host a burgeoning desert rock and sludge metal underground, (ala Kyuss in 1990s California) led by bands like Wolves of Winter, Asimov and Dead Canyon.", "American composer Elliott Carter composed his first String Quartet (1950\u201351) while on sabbatical (from New York) in Arizona. The quartet won a Pulitzer Prize and other awards and is now a staple of the string quartet repertoire.[citation needed]", "Main article: Sports in Arizona", "Professional sports teams in Arizona include:", "Arizona Cardinals American football National Football League 2 (1925, 1947)", "Arizona Hotshots American football Alliance of American Football 0", "Phoenix Suns Basketball National Basketball Association 0", "Arizona Diamondbacks Baseball Major League Baseball 1 (2001)", "Arizona Coyotes Ice hockey National Hockey League 0", "Arizona Rattlers Indoor football Indoor Football League 6 (1994, 1997, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2017)", "Phoenix Rising FC Soccer United Soccer League 0", "Phoenix Mercury Basketball Women s National Basketball Association 3 (2007, 2009, 2014)", "Tucson Roadrunners Ice hockey American Hockey League 0", "Northern Arizona Suns Basketball NBA G League 1", "The University of Phoenix stadium hosted Super Bowl XLII on February 3, 2008, and Super Bowl XLIX on February 1, 2015.", "Due to its numerous golf courses, Arizona is home to several stops on the PGA Tour, most notably the Phoenix Open, held at the TPC of Scottsdale, and the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship at the Ritz-Carlton Golf Club in Marana.", "Auto racing is another sport known in the state. Phoenix International Raceway in Avondale is home to NASCAR race weekends twice a year. Firebird International Raceway near Chandler is home to drag racing and other motorsport events.", "College sports[edit]", "College sports are also prevalent in Arizona. The Arizona State Sun Devils and the Arizona Wildcats belong to the Pac-12 Conference while the Northern Arizona Lumberjacks compete in the Big Sky Conference and the Grand Canyon Antelopes compete for in the Western Athletic Conference. The rivalry between Arizona State Sun Devils and the Arizona Wildcats predates Arizona s statehood, and is the oldest rivalry in the NCAA.[97] The Territorial Cup, first awarded in 1889 and certified as the oldest trophy in college football,[98] is awarded to the winner of the annual football game between the two schools.", "Arizona also hosts several college football bowl games. The Fiesta Bowl, originally held at Sun Devil Stadium, is now held at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale. The Fiesta Bowl is part of the new College Football Playoff (CFP). University of Phoenix Stadium was also home to the 2007 and 2011 BCS National Championship Games.", "A spring training game between the Cubs and White Sox at HoHoKam Park", "Baseball[edit]", "Arizona is a popular location for Major League Baseball spring training, as it is the site of the Cactus League. Spring training was first started in Arizona in 1947, when Brewers owner Veeck sold them in 1945 but went onto purchase the Cleveland Indians in 1946. He decided to train the Cleveland Indians in Tucson and convinced the New York Giants to give Phoenix a try. Thus the Cactus League was born.[99]", "On March 9, 1995, Arizona was awarded a franchise to begin play for the 1998 season. A $130 million franchise fee was paid to Major League Baseball and on January 16, 1997, the Diamondbacks were officially voted into the National League.", "Since their debut, the Diamondbacks have won five National League West titles, one National League Championship pennant, and the 2001 World Series.", "Miscellaneous topics[edit]", "Main article: List of people from Arizona", "Some notable Arizonans involved in politics and government include:", "Former Arizona Governor Jan Brewer", "Former Surgeon General of the United States Richard Carmona", "Former United States Secretary of Transportation Mary Peters[100]", "Former Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O Connor[101]", "Former Supreme Court Chief Justice William Rehnquist[102]", "Former U.S. Senator Dennis DeConcini[103]", "Former Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio[citation needed]", "Former Graham County Sheriff Richard Mack[citation needed]", "National Education Association President Dennis Van Roekel[104]", "Junior Republican Senator Jon Kyl, former Senate Minority Whip.[105]", "Presidential candidate (2000, 2008) and former U.S. Senator John McCain[106]", "Presidential candidate (1964) and former U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater[107]", "Former governor, Secretary of the Interior, and presidential candidate (1988) Bruce Babbitt[108]", "Presidential candidate (1976) and former Arizona congressman Mo Udall and his brother Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall[citation needed]", "Former U.S. Senator Carl Hayden[citation needed]", "Former United States Solicitor General Rex E. Lee.[109]", "Former Governor and Secretary of Homeland Security in the Obama Administration Janet Napolitano[110]", "Former State Senator Jack Taylor also served as mayor of Mesa and was for one two-year term a member of the Arizona House of Representatives.[111]", "Arizona notables in culture and the arts include:", "Labor leader and civil rights pioneer Cesar Estrada Chavez was from San Luis, near Yuma[112]", "Actress Emma Stone is from Scottsdale", "Actress Gail Edwards resides in Sedona", "Athlete Auston Mathews (Toronto Maple Leaf Center)", "Author Zane Grey", "Disc sports (Frisbee) pioneer Ken Westerfield currently lives in Bisbee", "Film director Steven Spielberg was raised in Phoenix and attended Arcadia High School", "Actor David Spade was raised in Scottsdale and graduated from Arizona State University", "Actress Lynda Carter, star of Wonder Woman, is from Phoenix and attended Arizona State University", "Horse owner and trainer Bob Baffert.", "Musicians Chester Bennington of Linkin Park (Phoenix), Alice Cooper (Phoenix), Stevie Nicks of Fleetwood Mac (Phoenix), (Jerome), Linda Ronstadt (Tucson), Michelle Branch (Sedona), Nate Ruess of Fun. (Glendale)", "Musicians in the bands Meat Puppets (Phoenix/Tempe), Authority Zero (Mesa), Gin Blossoms (Tempe), Chronic Future (Scottsdale), Jimmy Eat World (Mesa), The Format (Glendale), Stellar Kart (Phoenix), Malignus Youth (Sierra Vista), and Job for a Cowboy (Glendale).", "Poet Jim Simmerman of Flagstaff", "Frederick Sommer, an artist/photographer, moved to Tucson in 1931 and lived in Prescott from 1935 to 1999", "Rancher and political insider John G.F. Speiden \u2013 Jay Six Ranch", "Author Diana Gabaldon mostly known for Outlander was born in and resides in Arizona", "Musician Zella Day is originally from Pinetop, Arizona", "State symbols[edit]", "Cactus wren, the Arizona state bird", "Arizona state amphibian: Arizona treefrog (Hyla eximia)", "Arizona state bird: cactus wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus)", "Arizona state butterfly: two-tailed swallowtail (Papilio multicaudata)", "Arizona state colors: federal blue and old gold", "Arizona state dinosaur: Sonorasaurus[113]", "Arizona state fish: Apache trout (Oncorhynchus apache)[114]", "Arizona state flag: Flag of the State of Arizona", "Arizona state flower: saguaro blossom (Carnegiea gigantea)", "Arizona state fossil: petrified wood", "Arizona state gemstone: turquoise", "Arizona state mammal: ring-tailed cat (Bassariscus astutus)", "Arizona state motto: Ditat Deus (Latin God enriches)", "Arizona state neckwear: bolo tie", "Arizona state reptile: Arizona ridge-nosed rattlesnake (Crotalus willardi)", "Arizona state seal: Great Seal of the State of Arizona", "Arizona state slogan: Grand Canyon State", "Arizona state songs: Arizona March Song (by Margaret Rowe Clifford) and Arizona (by Rex Allen, Jr.)[115]", "Arizona state tree: palo verde (Parkinsonia)", "Arizona state gun: Colt Single Action Army revolver[116]", "Arizona portal", "Outline of Arizona \u2013 organized list of topics about Arizona", "Index of Arizona-related articles", "^ In 2000, this designation was broken into two groups: Independent, Non-Charismatic Churches (34,130 adherents) and Independent, Charismatic Churches (29,755 adherents)", "^ Arizona \u2013 Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary . Merriam-webster.com. April 25, 2007. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ 2010 Census State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates . U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved February 14, 2012.", "^ Median Annual Household Income . The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved December 9, 2016.", "^ Frisco . NGS data sheet. U.S. National Geodetic Survey. Retrieved October 20, 2011.", "^ a b Elevations and Distances in the United States . United States Geological Survey. 2001. Archived from the original on October 15, 2011. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ All about Arizona. sheppardsoftware.com. Retrieved September 21, 2010.", "^ a b Dr. Dean Chavers, History of Indian voting rights and why it s important Archived July 7, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Indian Country Today, October 29, 2012; accessed July 17, 2016. See Trujillo v. Garley (1948)", "^ a b c d e Harrison v. Laveen, July 1948, Arizona Supreme Court", "^ Bright, William (2004). Native American Place Names of the United States. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, p. 47", "^ Kitt, E. O.; Pearce, T. M. (1952). Arizona Place Name Records . Western Folklore. 11 (4): 284\u2013287. doi:10.2307/1496233. JSTOR 1496233.", "^ Harper, Douglas. Arizona . Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ McClintock, James (1916). Arizona, Prehistoric, Aboriginal, Pioneer, Modern: The Nation s Youngest Commonwealth within a Land of Ancient Culture. Chicago: The S.J. Clarke Publishing Co.", "^ a b Thompson, Clay (February 11, 2007). No, arid zone not the basis of state s name . The Arizona Republic. Retrieved December 29, 2014.", "^ Saxton, Dean, Saxton, Lucille, & Enos, Susie. (1983). Dictionary: Tohono O odham/Pima to English, English to Tohono O odham/Pima. Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona Press", "^ Thompson, Clay (February 25, 2007). A sorry state of affairs when views change . The Arizona Republic. Archived from the original on August 1, 2007. Retrieved March 3, 2007.", "^ Jim Turner. How Arizona did NOT Get its Name . Arizona Historical Society. Archived from the original on August 2, 2007. Retrieved March 3, 2007.", "^ Donald Garate, 2005, Arizonac, a twentieth-century myth , Journal of Arizona History 46(2), pp. 161\u2013184", "^ Mart\u00ednez La\u00ednez, Fernando and Canales Torres, Carlos. Banderas lejanas: La exploraci\u00f3n, conquista y defensa por parte de Espa\u00f1a del Territorio de los actuales Estados Unidos (in Spanish: Far flags. The exploration, conquest and defense by Spain of the Territory of the present United States). Page 145-46. Fourth edition: September 2009.", "^ Timothy Anna et al., Historia de M\u00e9xico. Barcelona: Critica, 2001, p. 10.", "^ Mexican\u2013American War as accessed on March 16, 2007, at 7:33 MST AM", "^ Arizona Ordinance of secession presented by the Col. Sherod Hunter Camp 1525, SCV, Phoenix, Arizona . Members.tripod.com. July 23, 2007. Archived from the original on January 17, 2010. Retrieved July 25, 2010.", "^ United States. Cong. Senate (1904) [1st pub. Confederate States. Cong.:1861\u20131862]. Journal of the Congress of the Confederate States of America, 1861\u20131865. Volume I. 58th Cong. 2d sess. S. Doc. 234. Washington: Government Printing Office. p. 691. LCCN 05012700 \u2013 via Internet Archive.", "^ Henson, Pauline (1965). Founding a Wilderness Capital, Prescott, A. T., 1864. Flagstaff, Arizona: Northland Press. pp. passim.", "^ Arroyo Rodriguez, Nadine (September 26, 2014). Did You Know: Capital Of Arizona Moved 4 Times Before Settling In Phoenix . kjzz. Retrieved January 9, 2019.", "^ Preserving Cultural and Historic Resources \u2013 A Conservation Objective of the Sonoran Desert Conservation Plan . pima.gov. Archived from the original on January 17, 2010. Retrieved November 13, 2016.", "^ Archaeology of the Phoenix Indian School . Archaeology.org. March 27, 1998. Archived from the original on January 17, 2010. Retrieved July 25, 2010.", "^ Arizona Democrats authorize Internet Voting for March 11 Advisory Primary , The Green Papers", "^ Urban and Community Forestry Division . Arizona State Forestry Division. Retrieved July 6, 2014.", "^ Prescott Overview . Ncsu.edu. May 15, 2002. Archived from the original on January 17, 2010. Retrieved July 25, 2010.", "^ Arizona . USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquake.Usgs.Gov. Archived from the original on January 6, 2013. Retrieved October 12, 2012.", "^ a b Arizona . USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquake.Usgs.Gov. Archived from the original on September 1, 2012. Retrieved October 12, 2012.", "^ a b Arizona Climate . Desert Research Institute, Western Regional Climate Center, Reno, Nevada. December 7, 2001. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ Climate Assessment for the Southwest (December 1999). The Climate of the Southwest . University of Arizona. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. Retrieved March 21, 2006.", "^ United States Geological Survey (September 2005). Hydrologic Conditions in Arizona During 1999\u20132004: A Historical Perspective (PDF). Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ History for Phoenix, AZ . Weather Underground. August 31, 2006.", "^ Mean number of Days with Minimum Temperature Below 32F National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Retrieved March 24, 2007 . Lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov. August 20, 2008. Archived from the original on December 17, 2001. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ Arizona climate averages . Weatherbase. Retrieved November 11, 2015.", "^ Resident Population Data \u2013 2010 Census Archived October 19, 2013, at the Wayback Machine", "^ a b QuickFacts Arizona; UNITED STATES . 2018 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. February 1, 2019. Retrieved February 2, 2019.", "^ Arizona (state, United States). Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica Online.", "^ Arizona \u2013 Race and Hispanic Origin: 1860 to 1990. (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived February 9, 2018, at the Wayback Machine.", "^ Census.gov Arizona \u2013 Race and Hispanic Origin: 1860 to 1990 Archived January 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine", "^ Arizona at a crossroads over water and growth . The Arizona Republic. March 9, 2008.", "^ Americans under age 1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot . The Plain Dealer. June 3, 2012.", "^ Ranking Tables for Metropolitan Areas: 1990 and 2000. United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved on July 8, 2006.", "^ Slevin, Peter (April 30, 2010). New Arizona law puts police in tenuous spot . Washington Post. Washington, DC. p. A4. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ second to Nevada with 8.8% in 2010", "^ Arizona \u2013 Race and Hispanic Origin: 1860 to 1990 . U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 25, 2008.", "^ American FactFinder \u2013 Results Archived May 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine", "^ a b Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States Archived December 24, 2014, at the Wayback Machine", "Table 17. Arizona \u2013 Race and Hispanic Origin: 1860 to 1990 . (PDF)", "^ Population of Arizona \u2013 Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts \u2013 CensusViewer . censusviewer.com.", "^ 2010 Census Data .", "^ American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau. Arizona \u2013 Selected Social Characteristics in the United States: 2007\u20132009 . Factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ a b Arizona . Modern Language Association. Retrieved October 15, 2013.", "^ a b 2005 American Community Survey. Retrieved from the data of the MLA, July 13, 2010", "^ Arizona has most Indian language speakers. upi.com Accessed December 12, 2011.", "^ Phoenix Business Journal, September 2, 2011, page 4", "^ Archived copy . Archived from the original on August 23, 2015. Retrieved July 5, 2015. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)", "^ Home | Colleges at Lake Havasu . Havasu.asu.edu. Retrieved September 9, 2016.", "^ 2017 Population Estimates . United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 2, 2019.", "^ LDS Facts and Statistics USA-Arizona . Mormon Newsroom. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Retrieved November 30, 2014.", "^ The Association of Religion Data Archives | State membership Report . www.Thearda.com. Retrieved November 7, 2013.", "^ Facts and Statistics USA-Arizona . lds.org. Retrieved April 30, 2012.", "^ a b Arizona \u2013 Religious Traditions, 2010 . Association of Religion Data Archives. Archived from the original on August 2, 2017. Retrieved August 2, 2017.", "^ Arizona \u2013 Religious Traditions, 2010 . Association of Religion Data Archives. Archived from the original on August 2, 2017. Retrieved August 2, 2017.", "^ How Hindus Grew into Second-Largest Faith in Arizona & Delaware . NBC News. June 24, 2014. Archived from the original on August 2, 2017. Retrieved August 2, 2017.", "^ U.S. Religion Census 2010: Summary Findings (PDF). Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies. May 1, 2012. p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 2, 2017. Retrieved August 2, 2017.", "^ News Release (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 21, 2012. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ Arizona Economy at a Glance . Bls.gov. Retrieved September 9, 2016.", "^ Arizona Republic 100: State s biggest employers . The Arizona Republic.", "^ Arizona Income Tax Rates for 2017 . www.tax-rates.org.", "^ Tucson: Streetcar Plan Wins With 60% of Vote . Lightrailnow.org. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ World s busiest airports by traffic movements", "^ World s busiest airports by passenger traffic", "^ Deer Valley Airport . Phoenix.gov. Archived from the original on April 23, 2011. Retrieved July 25, 2010.", "^ Ariz. GOP would gain if Napolitano gets Obama post . KTAR. Associated Press. November 20, 2008. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ Format Document . Azleg.gov. January 1, 1993. Retrieved September 9, 2016.", "^ Table 1. The Counties and the Most Populous Incorporated Places in 2010 in Arizona: 2000 and 2010 . U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved January 8, 2012. Archived October 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine", "^ Voter Registration Statistics (PDF). Arizona Secretary of State Elections Bureau. Retrieved November 7, 2016.", "^ Arizona stands alone against marriage ban \u2013 Queer Lesbian Gay News . Gay.com. Archived from the original on May 16, 2016. Retrieved July 25, 2010.", "^ Ban on gay unions solidly supported in most of Arizona Archived November 8, 2008, at the Wayback Machine", "^ Archibold, Randal C. (April 23, 2010). Arizona Enacts Stringent Law on Immigration . The New York Times. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ High court to weigh Arizona voter registration case . Reuters. March 15, 2013. Retrieved March 17, 2013.", "^ Why Arizona Flipped On Gay Marriage . Retrieved 2017-11-15.", "^ McKinley, Jesse; Goodstein, Laurie (2008-11-05). Bans in 3 States on Gay Marriage . The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-11-15.", "^ Arizona city poised to pass state s first civil union ordinance . Reuters. 2013-04-02. Retrieved 2017-11-15.", "^ Press, Associated (2013-06-05). Bisbee, Arizona same-sex marriage: Council approves civil unions measure . KNXV. Retrieved 2017-11-15.", "^ Legal Recognition of Same-Sex Relationships (PDF). samesexrelationshipguide.com. August 31, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24. Retrieved October 14, 2017.", "^ AZ pro-civil unions, remembers Goldwater fondly (PDF).", "^ College Navigator - Search Results . nces.ed.gov.", "^ College Navigator \u2013 Prescott College . nces.ed.gov.", "^ 2002 Legislature \u2013 HB 2710, which later became ARS 15-1444", "^ AZ Private Postsecondary Institutions . Azhighered.org. Retrieved September 9, 2016.", "^ Crawdaddy (April 1975). Missing or empty |title= (help)", "^ Knauer, Tom (November 22, 2006). What is the Territorial Cup? . The Wildcat Online. Archived from the original on October 8, 2008. Retrieved April 2, 2007.", "^ Official 2007 NCAA Division I Football Records Book (PDF). National Collegiate Athletic Association. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 25, 2008.", "^ Buckhorn Baths: A unique Mesa landmark . www.azcentral.com.", "^ Mary Peters . ntl.bts.gov/. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Sandra Day O Connor . .law.cornell.edu. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ William Rehnquist . Directory of Federal Judges. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Dennis DeConcini . Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Dennis Van Roekel . National Education Association. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Jon Kyl . Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ John McCain . MProject Vote Smart. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Barry Goldwater . Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Bruce Babbitt . The Washington Post Company. December 15, 1999. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Rex E. Lee . Deseret News. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Janet Napolitano . MProject Vote Smart. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Jerald Jackson Taylor . apnewsarchive.com. April 3, 1995. Retrieved July 31, 2015.", "^ The Story of Cesar Chavez . UFW. Retrieved 13 November 2018.", "^ Sonorasaurus officially named Arizona s state dinosaur . April 11, 2018.", "^ Carter, Julie Meka. Apache Trout Recovery: A Wildlife Success Story . Wildlife & Conservation. Arizona Game and Fish Department. Archived from the original on September 20, 2013. Retrieved September 28, 2013.", "^ Kids Page \u2013 Arizona State Songs .", "^ Arizona Gets an Official State Gun \u2013 And It s Manufactured in Connecticut . Retrieved April 15, 2017.", "Bayless, Betsy, 1998, Arizona Blue Book, 1997\u20131998. Phoenix, Arizona.", "McIntyre, Allan J., 2008, The Tohono O odham and Pimeria Alta. Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, South Carolina. (ISBN 978-0-7385-5633-8).", "Miller, Tom (editor), 1986, Arizona: The Land and the People. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. (ISBN 978-0-8165-1004-7).", "Officer, James E., 1987, Hispanic Arizona, 1536\u20131856. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. (ISBN 978-0-8165-0981-2).", "Thomas, David M. (editor), 2003, Arizona Legislative Manual. In Arizona Phoenix, Arizona, Arizona Legislative Council. Google Print. Retrieved January 16, 2006.", "Trimble, Marshall, 1998, Arizona, A Cavalcade of History. Treasure Chest Publications, Tucson, Arizona. (ISBN 978-0-918080-43-1).", "Woosley, Anne I., 2008, Early Tucson. Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, South Carolina. (ISBN 978-0-7385-5646-8).", "Arizonaat Wikipedia s sister projects", "Official state government website", "Official Website of the State of Arizona", "Arizona State Guide, from the Library of Congress", "Arizona Regional Accounts Data at the Wayback Machine (archived August 19, 2002)", "Arizona Demographic Data from FedStats", "Arizona USDA State Fact Sheet", "Arizona Indicators, state s central resource for information on a wide range of topics", "Energy Data & Statistics for Arizona", "Arizona State Databases \u2013 Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Arizona state agencies and compiled by the Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association.", "Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records", "Arizona at Ballotpedia", "Arizona at Curlie", "Geographic data related to Arizona at OpenStreetMap", "Official Arizona Office of Tourism", "Arizona Game & Fish Department (Hunting, Boating & Fishing)", "American Southwest, a National Park Service Discover 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Arizona State Fair | October 6th - 29th 2017 Stulnaz 10/31/2008", "Experience the indoor and outdoor activities our unique state has to offer", "The new Arizona State Senate Chambers were dedicated on March 7th, 1960. Arizona State Senate Chambers | March 7th Cherie Stone 03/01/2016", "Access state services, connect with your government, and stay informed", "Arizona s Governor Arizona s Governor Unknown", "Visit the official website of Governor Doug Ducey", "Office of the Arizona Governor", "AZ Lottery" ] }, { "url": "https://www.visitarizona.com/", "title": "Official Travel Tourism Website Visit Arizona", "content": [ "Snow Play in Arizona", "Hit the powdery slopes and trails of these Arizona snow areas for a hefty dose of wintertime adventure.", "Fido-Friendly Attractions and Must-Dos", "All members of the family can enjoy a trip to Arizona at these pet-friendly attractions.", "Pima Air & Space Museum, Tucson", "Fun fact: With 14 communities and parks, Arizona is home to more certified Dark Sky Places than any other U.S. state!", "Most Popular Places In Arizona", "Get Inspired By Destinations Our Travelers Love", "Explore dining, resorts, the arts, shopping amid beautiful, hike-able desert scenery.", "Vast, magnificent and inarguably beautiful, the Grand Canyon is easily Arizona\u2019s most distinguishable landmark \u2013 and a natural wonder that you simply have to see to believe.", "Discover the world\u2019s longest stalactite formations just a short hop from Tucson, Arizona.", "13,000 years of human history, plus hiking, camping, and horseback riding.", "Year-round outdoor activities, a lively historic downtown, and easy access to the Grand Canyon.", "Want to add one of the grandest landmarks in the United States to your \u201cvisited\u201d list? Visit the surreal sandstone towers in Monument Valley Navajo Tribal Park.", "Hiking, art galleries, fine dining, metaphysical and personal enrichment amongst scenic red rocks.", "by Teresa Bitler", "Shop Local in Phoenix", "by Nora Burba Trulsson", "Food for a Cause: 5 Restaurants that Give Back", "by Jessica Dunham", "Exciting Arizona Destinations", "With so many adventures ahead of you, we\u2019re here to help you go the distance.", "Measure The Miles", "Select Starting City Ajo Ash Fork Benson Bisbee Casa Grande Chandler Clifton Coolidge Cottonwood Douglas Duncan Flagstaff Florence Fredonia Gila Bend Glendale Globe Grand Canyon Lake Havasu City Holbrook Hoover Dam Kingman Mesa Miami Nogales Page Parker Payson Phoenix Prescott Safford St. Johns Scottsdale Sedona Show Low Sierra Vista Springerville Superior Tempe Tombstone Tuba City Tucson Wickenburg Wilcox Williams Winkelman Winslow Yuma to Select Destination City Ajo Ash Fork Benson Bisbee Casa Grande Chandler Clifton Coolidge Cottonwood Douglas Duncan Flagstaff Florence Fredonia Gila Bend Glendale Globe Grand Canyon Lake Havasu City Holbrook Hoover Dam Kingman Mesa Miami Nogales Page Parker Payson Phoenix Prescott Safford St. Johns Scottsdale Sedona Show Low Sierra Vista Springerville Superior Tempe Tombstone Tuba City Tucson Wickenburg Wilcox Williams Winkelman Winslow Yuma", "North Central Northern Phoenix & Central Tucson & Southern West Coast", "The center of the state and the center of it all, this region is where big things happen. You\u2019ll find some of Arizona\u2019s largest cities and South Mountain Park, the largest municipal park in the United States, here. Plus: professional sports teams and award-winning chefs.", "Mesa \u00bb", "Picacho \u00bb", "Tempe \u00bb", "Wickenburg \u00bb" ] }, { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/place/Arizona-state", "title": "Arizona Geography Facts Map History Britannica", "content": [ "state, United States", "James W. Byrkit", "Melvin E. Hecht", "Alternative Title: Grand Canyon State", "Arizona, constituent state of the United States of America. Arizona is the sixth largest state in the country in terms of area. Its population has always been predominantly urban, particularly since the mid-20th century, when urban and suburban areas began growing rapidly at the expense of the countryside. Some scholars believe that the state\u2019s name comes from a Basque phrase meaning \u201cplace of oaks,\u201d while others attribute it to a Tohono O\u2019odham (Papago) Indian phrase meaning \u201cplace of the young (or little) spring.\u201d Arizona achieved statehood on February 14, 1912, the last of the 48 conterminous United States to be admitted to the union.", "Arizona is a land of contradictions. Although widely reputed for its hot low-elevation desert covered with cacti and creosote bushes, more than half of the state lies at an elevation of at least 4,000 feet (1,200 metres) above sea level, and it possesses the largest stand of evergreen ponderosa pine trees in the world. Arizona is well known for its waterless tracts of desert, but, thanks to many large man-made lakes, it has many more miles of shoreline than its reputation might suggest. Such spectacular landforms as the Grand Canyon and the Painted Desert have become international symbols of the region\u2019s ruggedness, yet Arizona\u2019s environment is so delicate that in many ways it is more threatened by pollution than are New York City and Los Angeles. Its romantic reputation as a wild desert and a place of old-fashioned close-to-the-earth simplicity is at variance with the fact that after the 1860s the state\u2019s economy became industrial and technological long before it was pastoral or agrarian.", "Sunset at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, southern Arizona. \u00a9 Digital Vision/Getty Images", "Tucson, Ariz. Jeremy Woodhouse/Getty Images", "Arizona is located in the southwestern quadrant of the conterminous states, bordered by California to the west, Nevada to the northwest, Utah to the north, New Mexico to the east, and the Mexican state of Sonora to the south. The Colorado River forms the boundary with California and Nevada. Phoenix, situated in the south-central part of the state, is the capital and largest city. Area 113,990 square miles (295,233 square km). Population (2010) 6,392,017; (2018 est.) 7,171,646.", "Plate tectonics\u2014the shifting of large, relatively thin segments of Earth\u2019s crust\u2014and stream erosion have done the most to create Arizona\u2019s spectacular topography. Specifically, the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate came into contact and created the major tectonic forces that uplifted, wrinkled, and stretched Arizona\u2019s geologic crust, forming its mountain ranges, basins, and high plateaus. Over the course of millennia, rivers and their tributaries have carved distinctive landforms on these surfaces.", "Arizona Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "United States: The SouthwestThe Southwest. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Arizona desert landscapes. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "To Arizona\u2019s two major physiographic divisions, the Colorado Plateau and the Basin and Range Province, geologists add the Transition Zone (or Central Highlands). The northeastern two-fifths of Arizona is part of the scenic Colorado Plateau. Far less rugged than adjacent portions of the plateau in Utah, these tablelands in Arizona consist mainly of plains interrupted by steplike escarpments. Although they are labeled mesas and plateaus, their ruggedness and inaccessibility have been exaggerated. The incomparable Grand Canyon of the Colorado River provides the major exception to what has proved to be an area easily traversed. Forest-clad volcanic mountains atop the plateaus provide the state\u2019s highest points: Humphreys Peak, 12,633 feet (3,851 metres), in the San Francisco Mountains, and Baldy Mountain, 11,403 feet (3,476 metres), in the White Mountains.", "Arizona physiographic regionsPhysiographic regions of Arizona. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Colorado Plateau and Grand Canyon, northern Arizona. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Vermilion Cliffs National Monument, northern Arizona. \u00a9 Index Open", "More than 200 miles (320 km) of the southern border of the Colorado Plateau is marked by a series of giant escarpments known collectively as the Mogollon Rim. West and south of the rim, a number of streams follow narrow canyons or broad valleys south through the Transition Zone and into the Basin and Range Province. The Transition Zone bordering the plateaus comprises separated plateau blocks, rugged peaks, and isolated rolling uplands so forbidding that they remained mostly unexplored until the late 19th century. The zone marks the ecological border between the low deserts and the forested highlands; it combines elements of both with, for example, the Spanish bayonet of the Sonoran Desert growing alongside the juniper characteristic of higher elevations.", "The Basin and Range region of the southern and western third of the state contains the bulk of the population but none of the large canyons and mesas for which Arizona is famous. It consists largely of broad, open-ended basins or valleys of gentle slope. Isolated northwest-to-southeast\u2013tending mountain ranges rise like islands in the desert plain.", "Contrary to desert stereotypes, sand dunes are nearly nonexistent, and stony desert surfaces are seldom visible except in the far southwestern portion of the state. The younger soils of river floodplains provide the more-desirable soils for agriculture.", "Virtually all of Arizona lies within the Colorado River drainage system. The Gila River, with its major feeder streams\u2014the Salt and the Verde\u2014is by far the Colorado\u2019s main Arizona tributary.", "Colorado River in Marble Canyon, northeastern end of Grand Canyon National Park, northwestern Arizona. \u00a9 Gary Ladd", "Gila RiverGila River, southeastern Arizona. \u00a9 Nathan Chor/Shutterstock.com", "The Black, White, and Verde rivers are the primary perennial tributaries of the Salt River, which enters the Gila River southwest of Phoenix. Only during the infrequent\u2014and occasionally devastating\u2014flood periods does runoff water advance downstream past the numerous dams built on the Salt\u2019s system. The Gila River rises in that part of the Mogollon Rim located in western New Mexico, and it includes another and smaller Mogollon Rim tributary, the San Francisco River. Two intermittent southern Arizona streams, the Santa Cruz and San Pedro rivers, flow northward into the Gila, while two other intermittent streams, the Agua Fria and Hassayampa rivers, drain central Arizona southward into the Gila. Dams and irrigation systems, except on rare occasions, leave the Gila River dry for most of its length.", "The Little Colorado River\u2014which drains the Mogollon Rim\u2019s lee side and flows from southeast to northwest into the Colorado River between Marble Canyon and the Grand Canyon\u2014draws and transports little water from its large watershed. Because of the rain shadow effect on the Mogollon Rim\u2019s lee side, the Little Colorado usually is no more than a trickle and often is dry. Several other small and intermittent streams, such as the Bill Williams River, drain a large but arid part of western Arizona.", "About half of Arizona is semiarid, one-third is arid, and the remainder is humid. The Basin and Range region has the arid and semiarid subtropical climate that attracts most winter visitors and new residents. January days in Phoenix receive more than four-fifths of the possible sunshine and have a mean maximum temperature of 65 \u00b0F (18 \u00b0C). Occasional light frosts occur at most locations in the Basin and Range region in winter, and some precipitation interrupts the exceedingly dry springs and mildly dry falls. Daily maximum readings average 106 \u00b0F (41 \u00b0C) in Phoenix in July, and nighttime temperatures drop to an average of 81 \u00b0F (27 \u00b0C).", "Snow in Monument Valley Navajo Tribal Park, Arizona. Robert Glusic/Getty Images", "Moisture-laden air from the Gulf of California and the eastern Pacific Ocean appears in July, bringing more than two months of irregular but sometimes heavy thundershowers that are locally referred to as the \u201csummer monsoon.\u201d Phoenix and Tucson receive about 1 inch (25 mm) of precipitation in July and about 3 inches (75 mm) total throughout the summer months. Winter rains come from the Pacific.", "The Colorado Plateau has cool to cold winters and a semiarid climate. Average mile-high elevations and direct exposure to polar air masses can produce January mean high and low temperatures as divergent as the 46 \u00b0F (8 \u00b0C) and 19 \u00b0F (\u2212 7 \u00b0C), respectively, in Winslow. Year-round temperatures in Flagstaff are generally 30 \u00b0F (17 \u00b0C) cooler than those of Phoenix. Most of the region receives from 10 to 15 inches (250 to 375 mm) of precipitation annually, with the Mogollon Rim and White Mountains receiving the state\u2019s largest average, 25 inches (625 mm).", "Because of the great diversity of relief within the Transition Zone, climatic conditions there vary widely over small areas. Much of Arizona\u2019s humid area lies in this zone and in the adjacent high southern edge of the Colorado Plateau. There, perennial streams flowing through shaded riparian corridors contribute to atmospheric moisture, resulting in temperatures that are several degrees cooler than those of the nearby deserts.", "Considering the variety in relief and climate, it is not surprising to find similar diversity in the state\u2019s vegetation. About one-tenth of Arizona is forested, one-fourth is woodland, one-fourth is grassland, and the rest is desert shrub. Elevations above 6,000 to 7,000 feet (1,800 to 2,100 metres) host forests of ponderosa pine, topped in the highest areas by Douglas and other firs, spruces, and aspen. From 4,500 to 7,500 feet (1,375 to 2,300 metres) in the northern half of the state, pi\u00f1on pine and juniper predominate, while evergreen oak and chaparral grow between 4,000 and 6,000 feet (1,400 and 1,800 metres) in the central mountains. Plains grasses cover about one-third of the Colorado Plateau, and Sonoran or desert grass carpets the higher elevations of the basins. Mesquite trees have invaded many former grasslands in the south. Cacti grow throughout the state, with the greatest variety below 2,000 feet (600 metres). Foothills in the Tucson-Phoenix area carry giant saguaro cacti of the Sonoran Desert, matched in areas of the northwest Basin and Range by dramatic stands of Joshua trees. Shrubs dominate the lowest portions of all areas: big sagebrush and saltbush in the Colorado Plateau, creosote bush in the Basin and Range.", "Saguaros (Carnegiea gigantea) in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, southwestern Arizona, U.S. \u00a9 Corbis", "Adaptation of desert plants to harsh conditions. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Plant life in the Sonoran Desert, Saguaro National Park, southern Arizona, U.S. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Animal life is even more varied, with representatives of the Rocky Mountain, Great Plains, and Mexican ecological communities. Important larger mammals are black bears, deer, desert bighorns, antelope, and wapiti (elk). The tropical coatimundi, a raccoonlike mammal, has spread northward into Arizona, while the javelina, or peccary (wild pig), is a favourite game animal in the south. Among the several cats, the bobcat and the mountain lion (puma) are most characteristic of Arizona. Coyotes, skunks, and porcupines abound, as do cottontails, jackrabbits, and several varieties of foxes. The state\u2019s southern border area lies along a major flyway and is rich in birdlife, which attracts thousands of watchers. Game birds include turkeys and a variety of quails, doves, and waterfowl. Among native fish are the Arizona trout and the Colorado squawfish. Venomous animals include rattlesnakes, scorpions, and Gila monsters.", "coatimundiWhite-nosed coatimundi, Tucson Mountain Park, Arizona. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) on their nest protected within the prickly branches of a cactus in the Sonoran Desert, Arizona, U.S. \u00a9 C.K. Lorenz, The National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers", "Arizona mountain kingsnakeA small Arizona mountain kingsnake coiled on a large rock. \u00a9 Rusty Dodson/Shutterstock.com", "The indigenous peoples of Arizona are renowned for their rich cultural diversity. However, since the 19th century, the urbanized segments of the state have been cultural outposts that have more obviously reflected tastes, fashions, speech, religious preferences, political attitudes, and life-styles that have come from such diverse localities as Chicago, New York City, Washington, D.C., San Francisco, and Los Angeles.", "Until the latter half of the 19th century, except for very small and scattered groups of indigenous peoples, almost all of central and northern Arizona remained uninhabited. Most of the Spanish occupation of the state was tentative at best and, owing to the constant danger posed by actively hostile Apache bands, remained confined to a few intermittently occupied missions, presidios, and ranches in the Santa Cruz valley, south of Tucson.", "At the time of Arizona\u2019s acquisition (as part of New Mexico; see Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo) by the United States in 1848, fewer than 1,000 people of Hispanic origin lived in Arizona. Not until the 20th century did the number of Hispanic residents in Arizona soar. Today most are Mexicans or descendants of Mexicans who have arrived since 1900. Relations between Mexican Americans and Anglos (a term used by Hispanics for English-speaking whites) have at times been strained in Arizona, but in general the two ethnic groups have a history of cordiality that has often been absent in other border states. While some communities have Mexican barrios (ethnic quarters, often characterized by severe poverty), most Mexican Americans in Arizona live in a variety of neighbourhoods and participate fully in the state\u2019s business, political, and social life. Intermarriage with Anglos is common. Although Mexican food, building styles, home furnishings, clothing, social customs, and music have been incorporated into the Arizona lifestyle and are widely shared by longtime residents, the great majority of people (most of whom are relative newcomers to the state from other parts of the country) have been affected by Mexican culture in only a superficial way. If anything, the Mexican American population has been attracted to mainstream American culture.", "Although the Native American peoples of Arizona, since the time of the Spanish conquistadores, have been subjugated, badly exploited, and abused\u2014much as they were elsewhere\u2014this did not cause the total annihilation or permanent displacement of their population. The culture of Native Americans is very much in evidence in Arizona, although they constitute less than one-tenth of the total population. Native Americans are grouped into 15 tribes on 17 reservations that range in size from the 85-acre (34-hectare) Tonto Apache reserve to the 23,400-square-mile (60,600-square-km) reserve (nearly three-fifths of which lies in Arizona) of the Navajo. The latter tribe, numbering about 100,000 in Arizona, is deeply involved in directing the development of its land and people, and the tribal government assumes complete responsibility in many areas of Navajo social and economic life. Among the remaining tribes the best known are the legendary Apache and the much-studied Hopi. The Tohono O\u2019odham and the Akimel O\u2019odham (Pima) peoples have also received much attention in the anthropological and historical literature. Less well known are the Havasupai, who live at the bottom of the Grand Canyon, the Hualapai, the Yaqui, and the Yavapai. (For more information on the Havasupai, Hualapai, and Yavapai, see Yuman.)", "Navajo Indian Reservation, Arizona, U.S. David McNew/Getty Images", "Arizona\u2019s African American population constitutes only a small proportion of the state\u2019s total. Most of Arizona\u2019s cities and towns include predominantly African American neighbourhoods, the result of de facto housing segregation. The state voluntarily desegregated its schools in the early 1940s. Asians and Pacific Islanders are growing in numbers but still constitute the smallest minorities in the state.", "Despite Arizona\u2019s romantic image as a land of picturesque ghost towns and mining camps, isolated ranches, Native American reservations, and bucolic cotton and citrus farms, virtually all of its population is concentrated in urban areas. Three-fifths of the state\u2019s people live in just one of the state\u2019s 15 counties\u2014Maricopa, where Phoenix is located. Of the 15 counties, 6 collectively contain four-fifths of the state\u2019s population. Only a small number of people live on farms and ranches. Most towns and cities have low population densities.", "Phoenix, ArizonaPhoenix, Arizona. \u00a9 welcomia/Shutterstock.com", "Buildings of adobe can be seen in the older inhabited areas of southern Arizona, while Flagstaff and Prescott\u2014northern Arizona cities settled by New Englanders in the 1860s and \u201970s\u2014have Victorian-style houses that reflect the traditions and preferences of their first inhabitants.", "Prescott, Ariz., c. 1866. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.", "Phoenix is the primary trade centre of the state. Its central location, extensive agricultural economy, and attractive vacation and retirement amenities have caused it to become one of the largest and fastest-growing urban areas in the Southwest. Tucson, while older and smaller, has acted as a doorway to Mexico and maintains well-developed commercial and medical ties with Sonora and other northern states of Mexico. Since 1970, its population growth rate has rivaled that of Phoenix.", "Downtown Phoenix, Ariz. Adalberto Rios Lanz/Sexto Sol/Getty Images", "Tucson, ArizonaDowntown Tucson, Arizona, U.S. \u00a9 Kobby Dagan/Shutterstock.com", "In the early 21st century Arizona\u2019s population experienced dramatic growth at almost three times the national rate. Just over a quarter of the population was under age 18. Some of the new residents, as in the past, were \u201csnowbirds,\u201d retirees who spend the winter in the comparatively warm desert and return to other domiciles when the weather turns hot. So-called \u201cwhite flight\u201d from California and out-migration from declining industrial areas in the Midwestern and Eastern United States accounted for many arrivals of working age. Still other newcomers were lured by opportunities in the metropolitan areas, whose economies were beginning to mature to include desirable high-paying jobs. An untold number arrived illegally, most from Mexico and Central America, and filled the ranks of the state\u2019s low-paid service and agricultural sectors. The overall population was projected to reach 10 million by the year 2027.", "Before World War II the focus of Arizona\u2019s economy was primary production\u2014mineral extraction, lumbering, cattle raising, and crop growing. Since the late 1940s the focus has shifted toward manufacturing industry and services, the economy becoming one that better represents the country\u2019s growing affluence and technology. This is especially true of the Phoenix area, where a vibrant high-technology economy has arisen.", "Biosphere 2Biosphere 2, located in Oracle, Arizona, U.S., shown in 2008. The facility was originally developed to study survivability and assess whether humans were capable of building and living in self-sustaining colonies in outer space. It was later used as a scientific research facility. Carol M. Highsmith s America/Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (LC-DIG-highsm-04715)", "Good soil, plenty of irrigation water, and a long growing season enable Arizona to produce cotton, alfalfa, and a variety of grains, vegetables, fruits, and nuts. Arizona continues to be one of the country\u2019s leading cotton producers. For many years citrus growing has remained an important and expanding part of the state\u2019s economy, and, more recently, wine producers have been successful growing a number of varietal grapes. Livestock products include beef, dairy goods, and poultry and eggs. The average size of farms in Arizona is larger than that in any other state, and farmers and ranchers use more than four-fifths of the state\u2019s water.", "Cotton field near Coolidge, Ariz. \u00a9 Richard Cummins/Corbis", "Metallic ores such as copper, zinc, and, to a modest degree, silver and gold traditionally have brought revenue to the state. Coal from the Black Mesa area of the Native American reservations in northeastern Arizona is important, since coal-fired stations generate much of the electricity for the southwestern United States; the northeastern area also produces a small amount of petroleum, as well as large quantities of uranium.", "Since the 1880s, northern Arizona\u2019s massive stands of ponderosa pine have supplied a strong lumber and pulp-paper industry in the state. Rich alluvial soils, particularly in Yuma, Pinal, Pima, and Maricopa counties, have supported large and profitable agricultural operations. The state\u2019s attractive climate and landscape can also be counted among its most valuable resources.", "The natural geographic corridor created by the Colorado Plateau together with its Mogollon Rim escarpment has made possible Arizona\u2019s irrigation projects and most of the state\u2019s hydroelectric power, including that generated by the Roosevelt, Hoover, and Glen Canyon dams. Altogether, nearly a dozen dams control the Mogollon Rim\u2019s runoff, impounding and diverting the water to provide flood control and lakes for water storage. This hydrologic pattern has been a source of much political and legal trouble for Arizona, including years of litigation with California over rights to water from the Colorado River system. The state\u2019s internal sharing of water is also a major problem because groundwater has been depleted, particularly around Phoenix and Tucson, and there are no new sources of surface water. Cities have found it necessary to buy water rights from distant areas, and litigation involving municipalities, Native American tribes, and federal agencies over water rights is increasingly common.", "Hoover DamThe Hoover Dam on the Colorado River, Arizona-Nevada border, U.S. \u00a9 Ron Gatepain", "Glen Canyon DamGlen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River, near Page, Arizona, U.S. AdstockRF", "Between 1880 and 1950 the production of copper remained by far the most important industry in Arizona. Arizona is still the leading copper-producing state in the country, but manufacturing has grown to become the state\u2019s most important basic industry, notably in electronics, communications, aeronautics, and aluminum. Although this growth has brought one of the most dynamic and affluent economies in the nation, many of Arizona\u2019s outlying counties, particularly those with large Native American populations, remain among the poorest areas in the country.", "copper mineCopper mine near Tucson, Arizona. \u00a9 GalinaSt/Fotolia", "Tourism and retirement", "Urban and industrial expansion have so polluted major areas of Arizona that it no longer serves as the refuge it once did for sick people seeking pure air. The climate, scenery, and casual lifestyle, however, still attract millions of visitors each year, and the state has become a popular retirement centre, particularly in the lower desert areas. Large retirement communities such as Sun City, near Phoenix, and Green Valley, near Tucson, have continued to grow.", "Like other western states, Arizona has not emphasized the development of mass transit systems, and state and municipal governments struggle to build sufficient roads to accommodate a swelling population. It has long been so. The state\u2019s earliest service industry was long-distance cartage over rough desert and mountain country; in modern times, the five interstate highways that pass through Arizona are crowded with heavy trucks. These highways generally follow historic roads, most of which were established along Native American trade routes and accommodated stagecoaches and freight carriers. The railroads followed in the later 19th century, with well-established east-west routes passing through southern and northern Arizona, but there was little service to the rugged interior. A greater focus on mass transit development was evident in the state\u2019s larger cities in the early 21st century. A light-rail system that served Phoenix and the surrounding areas began operating in 2008, and Tucson launched a streetcar service in 2014.", "Highways winding through Salt River Canyon, Arizona. Herb and Dorothy McLaughlin", "Phoenix, Arizona: light-rail trainLight-rail train in Phoenix, Arizona. \u00a9 You Touch Pix of EuToch/Shutterstock.com", "Surface transportation is generally organized on the model of southern California, with streets on a grid pattern punctuated by freeways and highways. Within the cities some attention has been given to the development of bicycle paths. Phoenix\u2019s Sky Harbor International Airport offers nonstop international and domestic flights; Tucson International Airport provides more-limited nonstop flights; and Flagstaff and Yuma airports have fewer still. Many other towns have airports capable of accommodating small jet aircraft, and there are numerous military airfields as well.", "Phoenix, Arizona: freewayFreeway in Phoenix, Arizona. \u00a9 Andrew Zarivny/Shutterstock.com", "Next page Government and society", "United States: The Barack Obama administration", "\u2026constitutionality of the provision of Arizona\u2019s controversial 2010 immigration law that required police to check the legal status of anyone they stop for another law enforcement concern if they reasonably suspect that person to be in the United States illegally; however, the court struck down three of the law\u2019s provisions,\u2026", "Native American: Reorganization", "\u2026to this trend occurred in Arizona and New Mexico, which withheld enfranchisement until 1948 and granted it only after a lengthy lawsuit.\u2026", "\u2026in the present-day states of Arizona and New Mexico.\u2026", "same-sex marriage: United States", "\u2026Proposition 8 were approved in Arizona and Florida in 2008 and in North Carolina in 2012.\u2026", "In flag of Arizona", "In United States: The Barack Obama administration", "In United States Presidential Election of 2008: February 5: Super Tuesday", "In same-sex marriage: United States", "In Arizona: History", "In gas chamber", "Native American history and suffrage", "In Native American: Reorganization", "In Arizona: Land", "In Southwest", "Maps of World - Arizona, United States", "CRW Flags - Flag of Arizona, United States", "Smithsonian Channel - How Was the Grand Canyon Formed?", "National Weather Service - The Monsoon", "Official Site of the State of Arizona, United States", "NETSTATE - Arizona, United States", "Arizona - Children s Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11)", "Arizona - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)", "flag of Arizona", "Seal of Arizona", "Arizona s state bird is the cactus wren.", "The blossom of the saguaro cactus is Arizona s state flower.", "Doug Ducey (Republican)", "Grand Canyon State", "Ditat Deus (God Enriches)", "Coues\u2019 cactus wren", "Martha McSally (Republican)", "Kyrsten Sinema (Democrat)", "Seats in U.S. House of Representatives", "Mountain (GMT \u2212 7 hours)", "1Excluding military abroad.", "Stewart Lee Udall", "Morris King (\u201cMo\u201d) Udall", "Carl T. Hayden", "Walpi", "List of U.S. states dates of admission to the union", "List of cities and towns in the United States", "Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District", "Statehood and growth", "Development of commercial agriculture", "Population influx" ] }, { "url": "https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/news", "title": "Latest News in Phoenix AZ Breaking Stories and", "content": [ "Ducey, State Face Claim in Uber Self-Driving Death for Unsafe Policy", "Senate Candidate Who Shot Mom Suing Over Lost Professor Job", "Arizona Atheist and Christian Lawmakers Wage Holy War of Words", "Legislature Eases Restrictive English Law", "Lime Scooters Pulls Out of Tempe Over License Fee, Regulations", "February 15 at 7 a.m. by Alan Prendergast", "February 14 at 6:11 p.m. by Elizabeth Whitman", "February 14 at 4:03 p.m. by Joseph Flaherty", "February 14 at 9 a.m. by Ray Stern", "February 13 at 4:48 p.m. by Ray Stern", "In the federal prison where snitches where often targeted for death, a master criminal broke the convict code and turned...", "The 30th Anniversary: How Phoenix Played a Role in Bill & Ted\u2019s Excellent Adventure", "Taking a most excellent look back through time and looking back at the metro Phoenix locales used in the filming of Bill...", "by Benjamin Leatherman", "Arizona food is going next level.", "by Chris Malloy", "WWE Will Rock You: Wrestling s 10 Biggest Moments in Phoenix", "With the Royal Rumble returning to the Valley this weekend, it s time to recall our long love affair with the Rock, John...", "Howard Buffett s Border War: A Billionaire s Son Is Spending Millions in Cochise County", "The eldest son of Berkshire Hathaway CEO Warren Buffett out to kick some ass, as a friend urges, in southeast Arizona.", "by Beau Hodai", "Underachieving Solana Solar Plant Keeps Polluting Arizona s Air", "by Ray Stern", "by Stephen Lemons", "The Sweet Cars of Barrett-Jackson 2019", "Arizona s Record-Setting Election Day 2018 in Photos", "Donald Trump Jr. Stumps for Republicans at Sun City...", "Slideshow: A Look Back at President Donald Trump Rally...", "Young Phoenix Suns Nucleus Shines in Opening Win", "Despite Jeff Flake s Reversal, Protesters Were Still...", "Thomas Yoxall Tells the Story", "Body Cam Footage of Mesa Police Department Shooting of...", "Body Cam Footage of Mesa Police Shooting of Daniel Shaver", "The Wreath, The Wreath, The Wreath is on Fire....", "Best of Phoenix 2018: Best (and Worst) Political Behavior", "by Phoenix New Times", "Lemons: Backpage Founders Donated to Powerless Democrats; That s a Story?", "EEOC: Scottsdale Wine Bar Bosses, Staff Harassed Workers Perceived to Be Gay With Slurs, Taunts", "21st-Century Viking: The Life and Death of Ex-Con, Tattoo Artist, and Heathen Warrior Jubel Dean Perkins", "Maryvale Serial Shooter Murders Have Residents on Edge \u2014 And Feeling Abandoned", "by Elizabeth Whitman", "by Paula Ibieta", "Inside Item 9: Casa Grande Medical-Marijuana Grow Facility Goes for Max Effect", "by Steven Hsieh", "Different Model: DommLife Hopes to Avoid Fate of Other Medical Cannabis Lounges", "\u201cMy floor statement was a friendly counterpoint to Representative Salman\u2019s hijacking of the prayer, Representative...", "February 13 at 8:52 a.m. by Joseph Flaherty", "The former Walmart employee smokes marijuana before bed as a sleep aid and to treat her shoulder pain and arthritis,...", "February 13 at 7 a.m. by Joseph Flaherty", "I m not singling out religion and trying to attack religion, Arizona State Senator Juan Mendez said in response.", "Auditor General: Hit by Recession, Arizona s Water Department 10 Years...", "Director Tom Buschatzke said that groundwater management suffered no meaningful loss.", "February 12 at 7 a.m. by Elizabeth Whitman", "Arizona Legislature Eases Restrictive Four-Hour English Law in Historic...", "Bill sponsor Senator Paul Boyer said, Whoever said the legislature couldn t get along should take a close look at...", "The goal of regulation, of course, is not to drive the scooters out of the city, but to allow us to mitigate the..." ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona", "title": "Arizona Wikipedia", "content": [ "This article is about the U.S. state of Arizona. For other uses, see Arizona (disambiguation).", "The Grand Canyon State;", "The Copper State;", "The Valentine State", "Motto(s): Ditat Deus (God enriches)", "State song(s): The Arizona March Song and Arizona", "Spanish 19.5%", "Navajo 1.9%", "Arizonan[1]", "113,990[2] sq mi", "31\u00b0 20\u2032 N to 37\u00b0 N", "109\u00b0\u200a03\u2032 W to 114\u00b0 49\u2032 W", "Ranked 33rd", "$52,248 [3] (33rd)", "Humphreys Peak[4][5][6]", "Colorado River at the Sonora border[5][6]", "February 14, 1912 (48th)", "Doug Ducey (R)", "Katie Hobbs (D)", "4 Republicans (list)", "Mountain: UTC \u22127 (no DST)", "Mountain: UTC \u22127/\u22126", "US-AZ", "AZ, Ariz.", "www.az.gov", "The Flag of Arizona", "The Seal of Arizona", "Arizona tree frog", "Arizona ridge-nosed rattlesnake", "Blue, old gold", "Colt Single Action Army revolver", "Saguaro cactus flowers and buds after a wet winter. This is Arizona s official state flower.", "Arizona (/\u02cc\u00e6r\u026a\u02c8zo\u028an\u0259/ ( listen); Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation: [x\u00f2\u02d0zt\u00f2 x\u0251\u0300x\u00f2\u02d0ts\u00f2]; O odham: Al\u012d \u1e63onak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [\u02e1a\u027ai \u02e1\u0282onak]) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states. It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona, one of the Four Corners states, is bordered by New Mexico to the east, Utah to the north, Nevada and California to the west, and Mexico to the south, as well as the southwestern corner of Colorado. Arizona s border with Mexico is 389 miles (626 km) long, on the northern border of the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California.", "Arizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union, achieving statehood on February 14, 1912, coinciding with Valentine s Day. Historically part of the territory of Alta California in New Spain, it became part of independent Mexico in 1821. After being defeated in the Mexican\u2013American War, Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848. The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase.", "Southern Arizona is known for its desert climate, with very hot summers and mild winters. Northern Arizona features forests of pine, Douglas fir, and spruce trees; the Colorado Plateau; some mountain ranges (such as the San Francisco Mountains); as well as large, deep canyons, with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff, Alpine, and Tucson. In addition to the Grand Canyon National Park, there are several national forests, national parks, and national monuments.", "About one-quarter of the state[7] is made up of Indian reservations that serve as the home of 27 federally recognized Native American tribes, including the Navajo Nation, the largest in the state and the United States, with more than 300,000 citizens. Although federal law gave all Native Americans the right to vote in 1924, Arizona excluded those living on reservations in the state from voting until the state Supreme Court ruled in favor of Native American plaintiffs in Trujillo v. Garley (1948).[8][9]", "3 Geography and geology", "3.1 Earthquakes", "3.2 Adjacent states", "5.1 Race and ethnicity", "5.3 Cities and towns", "6.2 Largest employers", "7.1.1 Interstate highways", "7.1.2 U.S. routes", "7.2 Public transportation, Amtrak, and intercity bus", "7.3 Aviation", "8.1 Capitol complex", "8.2 State legislative branch", "8.3 State executive branch", "8.4 State judicial branch", "8.6 Federal representation", "8.8 Same-sex marriage and Civil unions", "9.1 Elementary and secondary education", "9.3 Public universities in Arizona", "9.4 Private colleges and universities in Arizona", "9.5 Community colleges", "10 Art and culture", "10.1 Visual arts and museums", "10.2 Film", "10.4.1 College sports", "11.1 Notable people", "11.2 State symbols", "The state s name appears to originate from an earlier Spanish name, Arizonac, derived from the O odham name al\u012d \u1e63onak, meaning small spring , which initially applied only to an area near the silver mining camp of Planchas de Plata, Sonora.[10][11][12][13] To the European settlers, their pronunciation sounded like Arissona .[14] The area is still known as al\u012d \u1e63onak in the O odham language.[15] Another possible origin is the Basque phrase haritz ona ( the good oak ), as there were numerous Basque sheepherders in the area.[16][17][18]", "There is a misconception that the state s name originated from the Spanish term \u00c1rida Zona ( Arid Zone ).[14]", "Find sources: Arizona \u2013 news \u00b7 newspapers \u00b7 books \u00b7 scholar \u00b7 JSTOR (February 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)", "Main article: History of Arizona", "The North Rim of the Grand Canyon", "The South Rim of the Grand Canyon", "For thousands of years before the modern era, Arizona was home to numerous Native American tribes. Hohokam, Mogollon and Ancestral Puebloan cultures were among the many that flourished throughout the state. Many of their pueblos, cliffside dwellings, rock paintings and other prehistoric treasures have survived, attracting thousands of tourists each year.", "La conquista del Colorado, by Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau, depicts Francisco V\u00e1zquez de Coronado s 1540\u20131542 expedition", "The first European contact by native peoples was with Marcos de Niza, a Spanish Franciscan, in 1539. He explored parts of the present state and made contact with native inhabitants, probably the Sobaipuri. The expedition of Spanish explorer Coronado entered the area in 1540\u20131542 during its search for C\u00edbola. Few Spanish settlers migrated to Arizona. One of the first settlers in Arizona was Jos\u00e9 Romo de Vivar.[19]", "Father Kino was the next European in the region. A member of the Society of Jesus ( Jesuits ), he led the development of a chain of missions in the region. He converted many of the Indians to Christianity in the Pimer\u00eda Alta (now southern Arizona and northern Sonora) in the 1690s and early 18th century. Spain founded presidios ( fortified towns ) at Tubac in 1752 and Tucson in 1775.", "When Mexico achieved its independence from the Kingdom of Spain and its Spanish Empire in 1821, what is now Arizona became part of its Territory of Nueva California, ( New California ), also known as Alta California ( Upper California ).[20] Descendants of ethnic Spanish and mestizo settlers from the colonial years still lived in the area at the time of the arrival of later European-American migrants from the United States.", "Mexico in 1824. Alta California is the northwestern-most state.", "During the Mexican\u2013American War (1847\u20131848), the U.S. Army occupied the national capital of Mexico City and pursued its claim to much of northern Mexico, including what later became Arizona Territory in 1863 and later the State of Arizona in 1912. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) specified that, in addition to language and cultural rights of the existing inhabitants of former Mexican citizens being considered as inviolable, the sum of US$15 million dollars in compensation (equivalent to $434,365,384.62 in 2018.) be paid to the Republic of Mexico.[21] In 1853, the U.S. acquired the land south below the Gila River from Mexico in the Gadsden Purchase along the southern border area as encompassing the best future southern route for a transcontinental railway.", "What is now known as the state of Arizona was initially administered by the United States government as part of the Territory of New Mexico until the southern part of that region seceded from the Union to form the Territory of Arizona.[22] This newly established territory was formally organized by the Confederate States government on Saturday, January 18, 1862, when President Jefferson Davis approved and signed An Act to Organize the Territory of Arizona,[23] marking the first official use of the name Territory of Arizona . The Southern territory supplied the Confederate government with men, horses, and equipment. Formed in 1862, Arizona scout companies served with the Confederate States Army during the Civil War. Arizona has the westernmost military engagement on record during the Civil War with the Battle of Picacho Pass.", "Geronimo (far right) and his Apache warriors fought against both Mexican and American settlers.", "The Federal government declared a new U.S. Arizona Territory, consisting of the western half of earlier New Mexico Territory, in Washington, D.C., on February 24, 1863. These new boundaries would later form the basis of the state. The first territorial capital, Prescott, was founded in 1864 following a gold rush to central Arizona.[24] The capital was later moved to Tucson, back to Prescott, and then to its final location in Phoenix in a series of controversial moves as different regions of the territory gained and lost political influence with the growth and development of the territory.[25]", "Although names including Gadsonia, Pimeria, Montezuma and Arizuma had been considered for the territory,[26] when 16th President Abraham Lincoln signed the final bill, it read Arizona, and that name was adopted. (Montezuma was not derived from the Aztec emperor, but was the sacred name of a divine hero to the Pima people of the Gila River Valley. It was probably considered\u2014and rejected\u2014for its sentimental value before Congress settled on the name Arizona. )", "Brigham Young, patriarchal leader of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Salt Lake City in Utah, sent Mormons to Arizona in the mid- to late 19th century. They founded Mesa, Snowflake, Heber, Safford, and other towns. They also settled in the Phoenix Valley (or Valley of the Sun ), Tempe, Prescott, and other areas. The Mormons settled what became northern Arizona and northern New Mexico. At the time these areas were located in a part of the former New Mexico Territory.", "Children of Depression-era migrant workers, Pinal County, 1937", "20th century to present[edit]", "During the Mexican Revolution from 1910 to 1920, several battles were fought in the Mexican towns just across the border from Arizona settlements. Throughout the revolution, numerous Arizonans enlisted in one of the several armies fighting in Mexico. Only two significant engagements took place on U.S. soil between U.S. and Mexican forces: Pancho Villa s 1916 Columbus Raid in New Mexico, and the Battle of Ambos Nogales in 1918 in Arizona. The Americans won the latter.", "After U.S. soldiers were fired on by Mexican federal troops, the American garrison launched an assault into Nogales, Mexico. The Mexicans eventually surrendered after both sides sustained heavy casualties. A few months earlier, just west of Nogales, an Indian War battle had occurred, considered the last engagement in the American Indian Wars, which lasted from 1775 to 1918. U.S. soldiers stationed on the border confronted Yaqui Indians who were using Arizona as a base to raid the nearby Mexican settlements, as part of their wars against Mexico.", "Arizona became a U.S. state on February 14, 1912. Arizona was the 48th state admitted to the U.S. and the last of the contiguous states to be admitted.", "Eleanor Roosevelt at the Gila River relocation center, April 23, 1943", "Cotton farming and copper mining, two of Arizona s most important statewide industries, suffered heavily during the Great Depression. But during the 1920s and even the 1930s, tourism began to develop as the important Arizonan industry it is today. Dude ranches, such as the K L Bar and Remuda in Wickenburg, along with the Flying V and Tanque Verde in Tucson, gave tourists the chance to take part in the flavor and activities of the Old West. Several upscale hotels and resorts opened during this period, some of which are still top tourist draws. They include the Arizona Biltmore Hotel in central Phoenix (opened 1929) and the Wigwam Resort on the west side of the Phoenix area (opened 1936).", "Arizona was the site of German POW camps during World War II and Japanese-American internment camps. Because of wartime fears of Japanese invasion of the West Coast, the government authorized the removal of all Japanese-American residents from western Washington, western Oregon, all of California, and western Arizona. From 1942 to 1945, they were forced to reside in internment camps built in the interior of the country. Many lost their homes and businesses in the process. The camps were abolished after World War II.", "The Phoenix-area German P.O.W. site was purchased after the war by the Maytag family (of major home appliance fame). It was developed as the site of the Phoenix Zoo. A Japanese-American internment camp was located on Mount Lemmon, just outside the state s southeastern city of Tucson. Another POW camp was located near the Gila River in eastern Yuma County.", "Arizona was also home to the Phoenix Indian School, one of several federal Indian boarding schools designed to assimilate Native American children into mainstream European-American culture. Children were often enrolled into these schools against the wishes of their parents and families. Attempts to suppress native identities included forcing the children to cut their hair, to take and use English names, to speak only English, and to practice Christianity rather than their native religions.[27]", "Numerous Native Americans from Arizona fought for the United States during World War II. Their experiences resulted in a rising activism in the postwar years to achieve better treatment and civil rights after their return to the state. After Maricopa County did not allow them to register to vote, in 1948 veteran Frank Harrison and Harry Austin, of the Mojave-Apache Tribe at Fort McDowell Indian Reservation, brought a legal suit, Harrison and Austin v. Laveen, to challenge this exclusion. The Arizona Supreme Court ruled in their favor.[9]", "Arizona s population grew tremendously with residential and business development after World War II, aided by the widespread use of air conditioning, which made the intensely hot summers more comfortable. According to the Arizona Blue Book (published by the Arizona Secretary of State s office each year), the state population in 1910 was 294,353. By 1970, it was 1,752,122. The percentage growth each decade averaged about 20% in the earlier decades, and about 60% each decade thereafter.", "In the 1960s, retirement communities were developed. These were special age-restricted subdivisions catering exclusively to the needs of senior citizens; they attracted many retirees who wanted to escape the harsh winters of the Midwest and the Northeast. Sun City, established by developer Del Webb and opened in 1960, was one of the first such communities. Green Valley, south of Tucson, was another such community, designed as a retirement subdivision for Arizona s teachers. Many senior citizens from across the U.S. and Canada come to Arizona each winter and stay only during the winter months; they are referred to as snowbirds.", "In March 2000, Arizona was the site of the first legally binding election ever held over the internet to nominate a candidate for public office.[28] In the 2000 Arizona Democratic Primary, under worldwide attention, Al Gore defeated Bill Bradley. Voter turnout in this state primary increased more than 500% over the 1996 primary.", "Three ships named USS Arizona have been christened in honor of the state, although only USS Arizona (BB-39) was so named after statehood was achieved.", "Geography and geology[edit]", "Main article: Geography of Arizona", "K\u00f6ppen climate types of Arizona", "West Mitten at Monument Valley", "Blue Mesa at Petrified Forest National Park", "The San Francisco Peaks seen from Bellemont", "Sonoran Desert at Saguaro National Park", "Cathedral Rock near Red Rock Crossing in Sedona", "See also lists of counties, islands, rivers, lakes, state parks, national parks, national forests, and volcanic craters.", "Arizona is in the Southwestern United States as one of the Four Corners states. Arizona is the sixth largest state by area, ranked after New Mexico and before Nevada. Of the state s 113,998 square miles (295,000 km2), approximately 15% is privately owned. The remaining area is public forest and park land, state trust land and Native American reservations.", "Arizona is well known for its desert Basin and Range region in the state s southern portions, which is rich in a landscape of xerophyte plants such as the cactus. This region s topography was shaped by prehistoric volcanism, followed by the cooling-off and related subsidence. Its climate has exceptionally hot summers and mild winters. The state is less well known for its pine-covered north-central portion of the high country of the Colorado Plateau (see Arizona Mountains forests).", "Like other states of the Southwest United States, Arizona has an abundance of mountains and plateaus. Despite the state s aridity, 27% of Arizona is forest,[29] a percentage comparable to modern-day France or Germany[citation needed]. The world s largest stand of ponderosa pine trees is in Arizona.[30]", "The Mogollon Rim, a 1,998-foot (609 m) escarpment, cuts across the state s central section and marks the southwestern edge of the Colorado Plateau. In 2002, this was an area of the Rodeo\u2013Chediski Fire, the worst fire in state history.", "Located in northern Arizona, the Grand Canyon is a colorful, deep, steep-sided gorge, carved by the Colorado River. The canyon is one of the seven natural wonders of the world and is largely contained in the Grand Canyon National Park\u2014one of the first national parks in the United States. President Theodore Roosevelt was a major proponent of designating the Grand Canyon area as a National Park, often visiting to hunt mountain lion and enjoy the scenery. The canyon was created by the Colorado River cutting a channel over millions of years, and is about 277 miles (446 km) long, ranges in width from 4 to 18 miles (6 to 29 km) and attains a depth of more than 1 mile (1.6 km). Nearly two billion years of the Earth s history have been exposed as the Colorado River and its tributaries cut through layer after layer of sediment as the Colorado Plateau uplifted.", "Arizona is home to one of the most well-preserved meteorite impact sites in the world. Created around 50,000 years ago, the Barringer Meteorite Crater (better known simply as Meteor Crater ) is a gigantic hole in the middle of the high plains of the Colorado Plateau, about 25 miles (40 km) west of Winslow. A rim of smashed and jumbled boulders, some of them the size of small houses, rises 150 feet (46 m) above the level of the surrounding plain. The crater itself is nearly 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) wide, and 570 feet (170 m) deep.", "Arizona is one of two U.S. states that does not observe Daylight Saving Time (the other being Hawaii). The exception is within the large Navajo Nation (which observes Daylight Saving Time), in the state s northeastern region.", "Earthquakes[edit]", "Generally, Arizona is at low risk of earthquakes, except for the southwestern portion which is at moderate risk due to its proximity to southern California. On the other hand, northern Arizona is at moderate risk due to numerous faults in the area. The regions near and west of Phoenix have the lowest risk.[31]", "The earliest Arizona earthquakes were recorded at Fort Yuma, on the California side of the Colorado River. They were centered near the Imperial Valley, or Mexico, back in the 1800s. Residents in Douglas felt the 1887 Sonora earthquake with its epicenter 40 miles to the south in the Mexican state of Sonora.[32] The first damaging earthquake known to be centered within Arizona occurred on January 25, 1906, also including a series of other earthquakes centered near Socorro, New Mexico. The shock was violent in Flagstaff.", "In September 1910, a series of 52 earthquakes caused a construction crew near Flagstaff to leave the area. In 1912, the year Arizona achieved statehood, on August 18, an earthquake caused a 50-mile crack in the San Francisco Range. In early January 1935, the state experienced a series of earthquakes, in the Yuma area and near the Grand Canyon. Arizona experienced its largest earthquake in 1959, with a tremor of a magnitude 5.6. It was centered near Fredonia, in the state s northwest near the border with Utah. The tremor was felt across the border in Nevada and Utah.[32]", "Adjacent states[edit]", "Utah (north)", "Colorado (northeast)", "Nevada (northwest)", "Sonora, Mexico (south)", "Baja California, Mexico (southwest)", "New Mexico (east)", "Due to its large area and variations in elevation, the state has a wide variety of localized climate conditions. In the lower elevations, the climate is primarily desert, with mild winters and extremely hot summers. Typically, from late fall to early spring, the weather is mild, averaging a minimum of 60 \u00b0F (16 \u00b0C). November through February are the coldest months, with temperatures typically ranging from 40 to 75 \u00b0F (4 to 24 \u00b0C), with occasional frosts.[33]", "About midway through February, the temperatures start to rise, with warm days, and cool, breezy nights. The summer months of June through September bring a dry heat from 90 to 120 \u00b0F (32 to 49 \u00b0C), with occasional high temperatures exceeding 125 \u00b0F (52 \u00b0C) having been observed in the desert area.[33] Arizona s all-time record high is 128 \u00b0F (53 \u00b0C) recorded at Lake Havasu City on June 29, 1994, and July 5, 2007; the all-time record low of \u221240 \u00b0F (\u221240 \u00b0C) was recorded at Hawley Lake on January 7, 1971.", "Due to the primarily dry climate, large diurnal temperature variations occur in less-developed areas of the desert above 2,500 ft (760 m). The swings can be as large as 83 \u00b0F (46 \u00b0C) in the summer months. In the state s urban centers, the effects of local warming result in much higher measured night-time lows than in the recent past.", "Arizona has an average annual rainfall of 12.7 in (323 mm),[34] which comes during two rainy seasons, with cold fronts coming from the Pacific Ocean during the winter and a monsoon in the summer.[35] The monsoon season occurs toward the end of summer. In July or August, the dewpoint rises dramatically for a brief period. During this time, the air contains large amounts of water vapor. Dewpoints as high as 81 \u00b0F (27 \u00b0C)[36] have been recorded during the Phoenix monsoon season. This hot moisture brings lightning, thunderstorms, wind, and torrential, if usually brief, downpours. These downpours often cause flash floods, which can turn deadly. In an attempt to deter drivers from crossing flooding streams, the Arizona Legislature enacted the Stupid Motorist Law. It is rare for tornadoes or hurricanes to occur in Arizona.", "Arizona s northern third is a plateau at significantly higher altitudes than the lower desert, and has an appreciably cooler climate, with cold winters and mild summers, though the climate remains semiarid to arid. Extremely cold temperatures are not unknown; cold air systems from the northern states and Canada occasionally push into the state, bringing temperatures below 0 \u00b0F (\u221218 \u00b0C) to the state s northern parts.", "Indicative of the variation in climate, Arizona is the state which has both the metropolitan area with the most days over 100 \u00b0F (38 \u00b0C) (Phoenix), and the metropolitan area in the lower 48 states with the most days with a low temperature below freezing (Flagstaff).[37]", "Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected cities in Arizona[38]", "December (\u00b0F)", "December (\u00b0C)", "Phoenix 106/83 41/28 66/45 19/7", "Tucson 100/74 38/23 65/39 18/4", "Yuma 107/82 42/28 68/46 20/8", "Flagstaff 81/51 27/11 42/17 6/\u20138", "Prescott 89/60 32/16 51/23 11/\u20135", "Kingman 98/66 37/19 56/32 13/0", "Main article: Demographics of Arizona", "A population density map of Arizona", "Sources: 1910\u20132010[39]", "Note that early censuses", "Native Americans in Arizona", "The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Arizona was 7,171,646 on July 1, 2018, a 12.20% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[40]", "Arizona remained sparsely settled for most of the 19th century.[41] The 1860 census reported the population of Arizona County to be 6,482, of whom 4,040 were listed as Indians , 21 as free colored , and 2,421 as white .[42][43] Arizona s continued population growth puts an enormous stress on the state s water supply.[44] As of 2011[update], 61.3% of Arizona s children under the age of 1 belonged to minority groups.[45]", "The population of metropolitan Phoenix increased by 45.3% from 1991 through 2001, helping to make Arizona the second fastest-growing state in the U.S. in the 1990s (the fastest was Nevada).[46] As of July 2017[update], the population of the Phoenix area is estimated to be over 4.7 million.", "According to the 2010 United States Census, Arizona had a population of 6,392,017. In 2010, illegal immigrants constituted an estimated 7.9% of the population. This was the second highest percentage of any state in the U.S.[47][48]", "Metropolitan Phoenix (4.7 million) and Tucson (1 million) are home to about five-sixths of Arizona s people (as of the 2010 census). Metro Phoenix alone accounts for two-thirds of the state s population.", "Race and ethnicity[edit]", "In 1980, the Census Bureau reported Arizona s population as 16.2% Hispanic, 5.6% Native American, and 74.5% non-Hispanic white.[49] In 2010, the racial makeup of the state was:", "4.6% Native American and Alaska Native", "4.1% Black or African American", "11.9% from some other race", "3.4% from two or more races.", "Hispanics or Latinos of any race made up 29.6% of the state s population. Non-Hispanic whites formed 57.8% of the total population.[50]", "Arizona racial breakdown of population", "White 90.6% 80.8% 75.5% 73.0%", "Native 5.4% 5.5% 5.0% 4.6%", "Black 3.0% 3.0% 3.1% 4.1%", "Native Hawaiian and", "other Pacific Islander \u2013 \u2013 0.1% 0.2%", "Other race 0.5% 9.1% 11.6% 11.9%", "Two or more races \u2013 \u2013 2.9% 3.4%", "Arizona s five largest ancestry groups, as of 2009[update], were:[54]", "Mexican (27.4%);", "German (16.0%);", "Irish (10.8%);", "English (10.1%);", "Italian (4.6%).", "Top 10 non-English languages spoken in Arizona", "(as of 2010)[55]", "Navajo 1.48%", "German 0.39%", "Vietnamese 0.30%", "Other North American indigenous languages (especially indigenous languages of Arizona) 0.27%", "French 0.26%", "Arabic 0.24%", "Apache 0.18%", "Extent of the Spanish language in the state of Arizona", "As of 2010[update], 72.90% (4,215,749) of Arizona residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a primary language, while 20.80% (1,202,638) spoke Spanish, 1.48% (85,602) Navajo, 0.39% (22,592) German, 0.39% (22,426) Chinese (which includes Mandarin), 0.33% (19,015) Tagalog, 0.30% (17,603) Vietnamese, 0.27% (15,707) Other North American Indigenous Languages (especially indigenous languages of Arizona), and French was spoken as a main language by 0.26% (15,062) of the population over the age of five. In total, 27.10% (1,567,548) of Arizona s population age 5 and older spoke a mother language other than English.[55]", "Arizona is home to the largest number of speakers of Native American languages in the 48 contiguous states, as over 85,000 individuals reported speaking Navajo,[56] and 10,403 people reported Apache, as a language spoken at home in 2005.[56] Arizona s Apache County has the highest concentration of speakers of Native American Indian languages in the United States.[57]", "View of suburban development in Scottsdale, 2006", "Art Deco doors of the Cochise County Courthouse in Bisbee", "See also: List of places in Arizona, List of cities and towns in Arizona, and List of Arizona counties", "Phoenix, located in Maricopa County, is the capital and the largest city in Arizona. Other prominent cities in the Phoenix metro area include Mesa (the third largest city in Arizona), Chandler (the fourth largest city in Arizona), Glendale, Peoria, Buckeye, Sun City, Sun City West, Fountain Hills, Surprise, Gilbert, El Mirage, Avondale, Tempe, Tolleson and Scottsdale, with a total metropolitan population of just over 4.7 million.[58] The average high temperature in July, 106 \u00b0F (41 \u00b0C), is one of the highest of any metropolitan area in the United States, offset by an average January high temperature of 67 \u00b0F (19 \u00b0C), the basis of its winter appeal.", "Tucson, with a metro population of just over one million, is the state s second-largest city. It is located in Pima County, approximately 110 miles (180 km) southeast of Phoenix. Tucson was incorporated in 1877, making it the oldest incorporated city in Arizona. It is home to the University of Arizona. Major incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. It has an average July temperature of 100 \u00b0F (38 \u00b0C) and winter temperatures averaging 65 \u00b0F (18 \u00b0C). Saguaro National Park, just west of the city in the Tucson Mountains, is the locale of the largest collection of Saguaro cacti in the world.", "The Prescott metropolitan area includes the cities of Prescott, Cottonwood, Camp Verde and numerous other towns spread out over the 8,123 square miles (21,000 km2) of Yavapai County area. With 212,635 residents, this cluster of towns forms the third largest metropolitan area in the state. The city of Prescott (population 41,528) lies approximately 100 miles (160 km) northwest of the Phoenix metropolitan area. Situated in pine tree forests at an elevation of about 5,500 feet (1,700 m), Prescott enjoys a much cooler climate than Phoenix, with average summer highs around 88 \u00b0F (31 \u00b0C) and winter temperatures averaging 50 \u00b0F (10 \u00b0C).", "Yuma is center of the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Arizona. Located in Yuma County, it is near the borders of California and Mexico. It is one of the hottest cities in the United States, with an average July high of 107 \u00b0F (42 \u00b0C). (The same month s average in Death Valley is 115 \u00b0F (46 \u00b0C).) The city features sunny days about 90% of the year. The Yuma Metropolitan Statistical Area has a population of 160,000. Yuma attracts many winter visitors from all over the United States.", "Flagstaff, in Coconino County, is the largest city in northern Arizona, and is at an elevation of nearly 7,000 feet (2,100 m). With its large Ponderosa pine forests, snowy winter weather and picturesque mountains, it is a stark contrast to the desert regions typically associated with Arizona. It is sited at the base of the San Francisco Peaks, the highest mountain range in the state of Arizona, which contain Humphreys Peak, the highest point in Arizona at 12,633 feet (3,851 m). Flagstaff has a strong tourism sector, due to its proximity to numerous tourist attractions including: Grand Canyon National Park, Sedona, and Oak Creek Canyon. Historic U.S. Route 66 is the main east-west street in the town. The Flagstaff metropolitan area is home to 134,421 residents and the main campus of Northern Arizona University.", "Lake Havasu City, in Mohave County, known as Arizona s playground, was developed on the Colorado River and is named after Lake Havasu. Lake Havasu City has a population of about 53,000 people. It is famous for huge spring break parties, sunsets and the London Bridge, relocated from London, England. Lake Havasu City was founded by real estate developer Robert P. McCulloch in 1963.[59] It has two colleges, Mohave Community College and ASU Colleges in Lake Havasu City.[60]", "Largest cities or towns in Arizona", "Tucson 1 Phoenix Maricopa 1,626,078 11 Yuma Yuma 95,502", "2 Tucson Pima 535,677 12 San Tan Valley Pinal 93,000", "3 Mesa Maricopa 496,401 13 Avondale Maricopa 84,025", "4 Chandler Maricopa 253,458 14 Goodyear Maricopa 79,858", "5 Scottsdale Maricopa 249,950 15 Casas Adobes Pima 74,000", "6 Glendale Maricopa 246,709 16 Flagstaff Coconino 71,975", "7 Gilbert Maricopa 242,354 17 Buckeye Maricopa 68,453", "8 Tempe Maricopa 185,038 18 Casa Grande Pinal 55,477", "9 Peoria Maricopa 168,181 19 Lake Havasu City Mohave 54,411", "10 Surprise Maricopa 134,085 20 Catalina Foothills Pima 54,000", "The Spanish mission of San Xavier del Bac, founded in 1700", "Religion in Arizona (2014)[62]", "As of the year 2010, the Association of Religion Data Archives reported that the three largest denominational groups in Arizona were the Catholic Church, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints and non-denominational Evangelical Protestants. The Catholic Church has the highest number of adherents in Arizona (at 930,001), followed by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with 410,263 members reported[63] and then non-denominational Evangelical Protestants, reporting 281,105 adherents.[64] The religious body with the largest number of congregations is The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (with 836 congregations[65]) followed by the Southern Baptist Convention (with 323 congregations).", "According to the Association of Religion Data Archives, the fifteen largest denominations by number of adherents in 2010 and 2000 were:[66][67]", "Catholic Church 930,001 974,884", "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 410,263 251,974", "Non-denominational Christian 281,105 63,885[nb 1]", "Southern Baptist Convention 126,830 138,516", "Assemblies of God 123,713 82,802", "United Methodist Church 54,977 53,232", "Christian Churches and Churches of Christ 48,386 33,162", "Evangelical Lutheran Church in America 42,944 69,393", "Lutheran Church\u2013Missouri Synod 26,322 24,977", "Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) 26,078 33,554", "Episcopal Church (United States) 24,853 31,104", "Seventh-day Adventist Church 20,924 11,513", "Church of the Nazarene 16,991 18,143", "Lutheran Congregations in Mission for Christ 14,350 0", "Churches of Christ 14,151 14,471", "Regarding non-Christian denominations, Hinduism became the largest non-Christian religion (when combining all denominations) in 2010, with over 32,000 adherents in several denominations, followed by Judaism with over 20,000 in three denominations, and Buddhism with over 19,000 adherents in several denominations.[66][68][69]", "Arizona s Meteor Crater is a tourist attraction.", "See also: Arizona locations by per capita income", "The 2011 total gross state product was $259 billion. This figure gives Arizona a larger economy than such countries as Ireland, Finland, and New Zealand. The composition of the state s economy is moderately diverse; although health care, transportation and the government remain the largest sectors.", "The state s per capita income is $40,828, ranking 39th in the U.S. The state had a median household income of $50,448, making it 22nd in the country and just below the U.S. national mean.[70] Early in its history, Arizona s economy relied on the five C s : copper (see Copper mining in Arizona), cotton, cattle, citrus, and climate (tourism). Copper is still extensively mined from many expansive open-pit and underground mines, accounting for two-thirds of the nation s output.", "Employment[edit]", "The state government is Arizona s largest employer, while Banner Health is the state s largest private employer, with over 39,000 employees (2016). As of March 2016[update], the state s unemployment rate was 5.4%.[71]", "The top employment sectors in Arizona are (August 2014, excludes agriculture):", "Employees (thousands)", "Trade, transportation, and utilities 488.6", "Government 408.5", "Education and health services 392.1", "Professional and business services 384.2", "Leisure and hospitality 286.4", "Financial activities 193.2", "Manufacturing 156.0", "Other services 88.2", "Information 41.8", "Mining and logging 13.7", "Largest employers[edit]", "According to The Arizona Republic, the largest private employers in the state as of 2016[update] were:[72]", "1 Banner Health 39,781 Health care", "2 Walmart Stores, Inc. 34,856 Discount retailer", "3 Kroger Co. 16,856 Grocery stores", "4 McDonald s Corp. 15,781 Food service", "5 Wells Fargo & Co. 15,071 Financial services", "6 Albertsons Inc. 14,490 Grocery stores, retail drugstores", "7 Intel Corp. 11,300 Semiconductor manufacturing", "8 HonorHealth 10,600 Health care", "9 (tie) American Airlines 10,000 Airline", "Home Depot Inc. 10,000 Retail home improvement", "Honeywell International Inc. 10,000 Aerospace manufacturing", "12 Bank of America Corp. 9,800 Financial services", "13 Raytheon Co. 9,600 Defense (missile manufacturing)", "14 JP Morgan Chase & Co. 9,500 Financial services", "15 Bashas Supermarkets 8,525 Grocery stores", "16 Target Corp. 8,241 Discount retailer", "17 Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. 8,030 Mining", "18 Dignity Health 8,000 Health care", "19 CVS Health 7,200 Pharmaceutical services (including retail drugstores)", "20 American Express Co. 7,079 Financial services", "21 Circle K Corp. 6,800 Convenience stores", "22 UnitedHealthcare 6,000 Health care", "23 Pinnacle West Capital Corp. 6,407 Electric utility", "24 Mayo Foundation 6,274 Health care", "25 Amazon.com 6,000 Online Shopping", "Arizona collects personal income taxes in five brackets: 2.59%, 2.88%, 3.36%, 4.24% and 4.54%.[73] The state transaction privilege tax is 5.6%; however, county and municipal sales taxes generally add an additional 2%.", "The state rate on transient lodging (hotel/motel) is 7.27%. The state of Arizona does not levy a state tax on food for home consumption or on drugs prescribed by a licensed physician or dentist. However, some cities in Arizona do levy a tax on food for home consumption.", "All fifteen Arizona counties levy a tax. Incorporated municipalities also levy transaction privilege taxes which, with the exception of their hotel/motel tax, are generally in the range of 1-to-3%. These added assessments could push the combined sales tax rate to as high as 10.7%.", "0 \u2013 $10,000 2.590% 0 \u2013 $20,000 2.590%", "$10,000 \u2013 $25,000 2.880% $20,001 \u2013 $50,000 2.880%", "$25,000 \u2013 $50,000 3.360% $50,001 \u2013 $100,000 3.360%", "$50,000 \u2013 $150,001 4.240% $100,000 \u2013 $300,001 4.240%", "$150,001 + 4.540% $300,001 + 4.540%", "Main article: Transportation in Arizona", "Entering Arizona on I-10 from New Mexico", "Interstate highways[edit]", "I-8 | I-10 | Future I-11 | I-15 | I\u201117 | I\u201119 | I-40", "U.S. routes[edit]", "US 60 | US 64 | US 70 | US 89 | US 91 | US 93 | US 95 | US 160 | US 163 | US 180 | US 191", "Main interstate routes include I-17, and I-19 traveling north-south, I-8, I-10, and I-40, traveling east-west, and a short stretch of I-15 traveling northeast\u2013southwest through the extreme northwestern corner of the state. In addition, the various urban areas are served by complex networks of state routes and highways, such as the Loop 101, which is part of Phoenix s vast freeway system.", "Public transportation, Amtrak, and intercity bus[edit]", "The Phoenix and Tucson metropolitan areas are served by public bus transit systems. Yuma and Flagstaff also have public bus systems. Greyhound Lines serves Phoenix, Tucson, Flagstaff, Yuma, and several smaller communities statewide.", "A Navajo man on horseback in Monument Valley", "A light rail system, called Valley Metro Rail, was completed in December 2008; it connects Central Phoenix with the nearby cities of Mesa and Tempe.", "In Tucson, the Sun Link streetcar system travels through the downtown area, connecting the main University of Arizona campus with Mercado San Agustin on the western edge of downtown Tucson. Sun Link, loosely based on the Portland Streetcar, launched in July 2014.[74]", "Amtrak Southwest Chief route serves the northern part of the state, stopping at Winslow, Flagstaff, Williams and Kingman. The Texas Eagle and Sunset Limited routes serve South-Central Arizona, stopping at Tucson, Maricopa, Yuma and Benson. Phoenix lost Amtrak service in 1996 with the discontinuation of the Desert Wind, and now an Amtrak bus runs between Phoenix and the station in Maricopa.", "See also: List of passenger train stations in Arizona", "See also: List of airports in Arizona", "Airports with regularly scheduled commercial flights include: Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (IATA: PHX, ICAO: KPHX) in Phoenix (the largest airport and the major international airport in the state); Tucson International Airport (IATA: TUS, ICAO: KTUS) in Tucson; Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport (IATA: AZA, ICAO: KIWA) in Mesa; Yuma International Airport (IATA: NYL, ICAO: KNYL) in Yuma; Prescott Municipal Airport (PRC) in Prescott; Flagstaff Pulliam Airport (IATA: FLG, ICAO: KFLG) in Flagstaff, and Grand Canyon National Park Airport (IATA: GCN, ICAO: KGCN, FAA: GCN), a small, but busy, single-runway facility providing tourist flights, mostly from Las Vegas. Phoenix Sky Harbor is currently 7th busiest airport in the world in terms of aircraft movements, and 17th for passenger traffic.[75][76]", "Other significant airports without regularly scheduled commercial flights include Scottsdale Municipal Airport (IATA: SCF, ICAO: KSDL) in Scottsdale, and Deer Valley Airport (IATA: DVT, ICAO: KDVT, FAA: DVT) home to two flight training academies and the nation s busiest general aviation airport.[77]", "Main article: Government of Arizona", "See also: Arizona Constitution, United States congressional delegations from Arizona, List of Arizona Governors, Political party strength in Arizona, and Arizona Revised Statutes", "Capitol complex[edit]", "The original Arizona State Capitol, Phoenix", "The state capital of Arizona is Phoenix. The original Capitol building, with its distinctive copper dome, was dedicated in 1901 (construction was completed for $136,000 in 1900), when the area was still a territory. Phoenix became the official state capital with Arizona s admission to the union in 1912.", "The House of Representatives and Senate buildings were dedicated in 1960, and an Executive Office Building was dedicated in 1974 (the ninth floor of this building is where the Office of the Governor is located). The original Capitol building was converted into a museum.", "The Capitol complex is fronted and highlighted by the richly landscaped Wesley Bolin Memorial Plaza, named after Wesley Bolin, a governor who died in office in the 1970s. Numerous monuments and memorials are on the site, including the anchor and signal mast from the USS Arizona (one of the U.S. Navy ships sunk in Pearl Harbor) and a granite version of the Ten Commandments.", "State legislative branch[edit]", "The Arizona Legislature is bicameral (like the legislature of every other state except Nebraska) and consists of a thirty-member Senate and a 60-member House of Representatives. Each of the thirty legislative districts has one senator and two representatives. Legislators are elected for two-year terms.", "Each Legislature covers a two-year period. The first session following the general election is known as the first regular session, and the session convening in the second year is known as the second regular session. Each regular session begins on the second Monday in January and adjourns sine die (terminates for the year) no later than Saturday of the week in which the 100th day from the beginning of the regular session falls. The President of the Senate and Speaker of the House, by rule, may extend the session up to seven additional days. Thereafter, the session can only be extended by a majority vote of members present of each house.", "The current majority party is the Republican Party, which has held power in both houses since 1993.", "Arizona state senators and representatives are elected for two-year terms and are limited to four consecutive terms in a chamber, though there is no limit on the total number of terms. When a lawmaker is term-limited from office, it is not uncommon for him or her to run for election in the other chamber.", "The fiscal year 2006\u201307 general fund budget, approved by the Arizona Legislature in June 2006, is slightly less than $10 billion. Besides the money spent on state agencies, it also includes more than $500 million in income- and property tax cuts, pay raises for government employees, and additional funding for the K\u201312 education system.", "State executive branch[edit]", "State of Arizona elected officials", "Governor Doug Ducey (R)", "Secretary of State Katie Hobbs (D)", "Attorney General Mark Brnovich (R)", "State Treasurer Kimberley Yee (R)", "Superintendent of Public Instruction Kathy Hoffman (D)", "State Mine Inspector Joe Hart (R)", "Corporation Commissioner", "Sandra Kennedy (D)", "Bob Burns (R)", "Boyd Dunn (R)", "Justin Olson (R)", "Arizona s executive branch is headed by a governor, who is elected to a four-year term. The governor may serve any number of terms, though no more than two in a row. Arizona is one of the few states that does not maintain a governor s mansion. During office the governors reside within their private residence, and all executive offices are housed in the executive tower at the state capitol. The current governor of Arizona is Doug Ducey (R).", "Former Governor Jan Brewer assumed office after Janet Napolitano had her nomination by Barack Obama for Secretary of Homeland Security confirmed by the United States Senate.[78] Arizona has had four female governors, more than any other state.", "Other elected executive officials include the Secretary of State, State Treasurer, State Attorney General, Superintendent of Public Instruction, State Mine Inspector and a five-member Corporation Commission. All elected officials hold a term of four years, and are limited to two consecutive terms (except the office of the State Mine Inspector, which is limited to 4 terms[79]).", "Arizona is one of five states that do not have a specified lieutenant governor. The secretary of state is the first in line to succeed the governor in the event of death, disability, resignation, or removal from office. The line of succession also includes the attorney general, state treasurer and superintendent of public instruction. Since 1977, four secretaries of state and one attorney general have risen to Arizona s governorship through these means.", "State judicial branch[edit]", "The Arizona Supreme Court is the highest court in Arizona. The court currently consists of one chief justice, a vice chief justice, and three associate justices. Justices are appointed by the governor from a list recommended by a bipartisan commission, and are re-elected after the initial two years following their appointment. Subsequent re-elections occur every six years. The supreme court has appellate jurisdiction in death penalty cases, but almost all other appellate cases go through the Arizona Court of Appeals beforehand. The court has original jurisdiction in a few other circumstances, as outlined in the state constitution. The court may also declare laws unconstitutional, but only while seated en banc. The court meets in the Arizona Supreme Court Building at the capitol complex (at the southern end of Wesley Bolin Plaza).", "The Arizona Court of Appeals, further divided into two divisions, is the intermediate court in the state. Division One is based in Phoenix, consists of sixteen judges, and has jurisdiction in the Western and Northern regions of the state, along with the greater Phoenix area. Division Two is based in Tucson, consists of six judges, and has jurisdiction over the Southern regions of the state, including the Tucson area. Judges are selected in a method similar to the one used for state supreme court justices.", "Each county of Arizona has a superior court, the size and organization of which are varied and generally depend on the size of the particular county.", "Arizona is divided into political jurisdictions designated as counties. There are 15 counties in the state, ranging in size from 1,238 square miles (3,210 km2) to 18,661 square miles (48,330 km2).", "2010 population[80]", "Area (sq. mi.)", "Apache St. Johns 1879 71,518 1.12 % 11,218 9.84 %", "Cochise Bisbee 1881 131,346 2.05 % 6,219 5.46 %", "Coconino Flagstaff 1891 134,421 2.10 % 18,661 16.37 %", "Gila Globe 1881 53,597 0.84 % 4,796 4.21 %", "Graham Safford 1881 37,220 0.58 % 4,641 4.07 %", "Greenlee Clifton 1909 8,437 0.13 % 1,848 1.62 %", "La Paz Parker 1983 20,489 0.32 % 4,513 3.96 %", "Maricopa Phoenix 1871 3,817,117 59.72 % 9,224 8.09 %", "Mohave Kingman 1864 200,186 3.13 % 13,470 11.82 %", "Navajo Holbrook 1895 107,449 1.68 % 9,959 8.74 %", "Pima Tucson 1864 980,263 15.34 % 9,189 8.06 %", "Pinal Florence 1875 375,770 5.88 % 5,374 4.71 %", "Santa Cruz Nogales 1899 47,420 0.74 % 1,238 1.09 %", "Yavapai Prescott 1864 211,033 3.30 % 8,128 7.13 %", "Yuma Yuma 1864 195,751 3.06 % 5,519 4.84 %", "Totals: 15 6,392,017 113,997", "Federal representation[edit]", "Arizona s two United States Senators are Kyrsten Sinema (D) and Martha McSally (R). McSally was appointed by Governor Ducey to succeed acting senator Jon Kyl to fill the spot formerly occupied by the late six-term senior Senator John McCain, who died August 25, 2018. Senator McSally, will serve in office until a special election in 2020.", "As of the start of the 115th Congress, Arizona s representatives in the United States House of Representatives are Tom O Halleran (D-1), Ann Kirkpatrick (D-2), Raul Grijalva (D-3), Paul Gosar (R-4), Andy Biggs (R-5), David Schweikert (R-6), Ruben Gallego (D-7), Debbie Lesko (R-8), and Greg Stanton (D-9). Arizona gained a ninth seat in the House of Representatives due to redistricting based on Census 2010.", "2016 49.15% 1,240,656 45.35% 1,144,709", "See also: Elections in Arizona, Political party strength in Arizona", "Voter registration and party enrollment as of October 28, 2016[update][81]", "Republican 1,239,614 34.54%", "Independent 1,219,297 33.98%", "Democratic 1,091,323 30.41%", "Libertarian Party 31,358 0.87%", "Green Party 6,894 0.19%", "Party registration by county:", "Democrat >= 30%", "Republican >= 30%", "Unaffiliated\u2014<30%", "From statehood through the late 1940s, Arizona was primarily dominated by the Democratic Party. During this time period, the Democratic candidate for the presidency carried the state each election, with the only exceptions being the elections of 1920, 1924 and 1928\u2014all three of which were national Republican landslides.", "In 1924, Congress had passed a law granting citizenship and suffrage to all Native Americans, some of whom had previously been excluded as members of tribes on reservations. Legal interpretations of Arizona s constitution prohibited Native Americans living on reservations from voting, classifying them as being under guardianship. [9] This interpretation was overturned as being incorrect and unconstitutional in 1948 by the Arizona Supreme Court, following a suit by World War II Indian veterans Frank Harrison and Harry Austin, both of the Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation. The landmark case is Harrison and Austin v. Laveen. After the men were refused the opportunity to register in Maricopa County, they filed suit against the registrar. The National Congress of American Indians, the Department of Justice, the Department of the Interior, and the American Civil Liberties Union all filed amicus curiae (friends of the court) briefs in the case. The State Supreme Court established the rights of Native Americans to vote in the state; at the time, they comprised about 11% of the population.[9] That year, a similar provision was overturned in New Mexico when challenged by another Indian veteran in court. These were the only two states that had continued to prohibit Native Americans from voting.[8][9]", "Since the election of Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952, the majority of state voters have favored Republicans in presidential elections. Arizona voted Republican in every presidential election from 1952 to 1992, with Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan winning the state by particularly large margins. During this forty-year span, it was the only state not to be carried by a Democrat at least once.", "Democrat Lyndon Johnson, in 1964, lost the state by less than 5,000 votes to Arizona Senator and native Barry Goldwater. (This was the most closely contested state in what was otherwise a landslide victory for Johnson that year.) Democrat Bill Clinton ended this streak in 1996, when he won Arizona by a little over two percentage points (Clinton had previously come within less than two percent of winning Arizona s electoral votes in 1992). Since then, the majority of the state has continued to support Republican presidential candidates by solid margins.", "Since the late 20th century, the Republican Party has also dominated Arizona politics in general. The fast-growing Phoenix and Tucson suburbs became increasingly friendly to Republicans from the 1950s onward. During this time, many Pinto Democrats, or conservative Democrats from rural areas, became increasingly willing to support Republicans at the state and national level. While the state normally supports Republicans at the federal level, Democrats are often competitive in statewide elections. Two of the last six governors have been Democrats.", "On March 4, 2008, Senator John McCain effectively clinched the Republican nomination for 2008, becoming the first presidential nominee from the state since Barry Goldwater in 1964.", "Arizona politics are dominated by a longstanding rivalry between its two largest counties, Maricopa and Pima\u2014home to Phoenix and Tucson, respectively. The two counties have almost 75 percent of the state s population and cast almost 80 percent of the state s vote. They also elect a substantial majority of the state legislature.", "Maricopa County is home to almost 60 percent of the state s population, and most of the state s elected officials live there. It has voted Republican in every presidential election since 1948. This includes the 1964 run of native son Barry Goldwater; he would not have carried his home state without his 20,000-vote margin in Maricopa County. Similarly, while McCain won Arizona by eight percentage points in 2008, aided by his 130,000-vote margin in Maricopa County.", "In contrast, Pima County, home to Tucson, and most of southern Arizona have historically voted more Democratic. While Tucson s suburbs lean Republican, they hold to a somewhat more moderate brand of Republicanism than is common in the Phoenix area.", "Arizona rejected a same-sex marriage ban in a referendum as part of the 2006 elections. Arizona was the first state in the nation to do so. Same-sex marriage was not recognized in Arizona, but this amendment would have denied any legal or financial benefits to unmarried homosexual or heterosexual couples.[82] In 2008, Arizona voters passed Proposition 102, an amendment to the state constitution to define marriage as a union of one man and one woman. It passed by a more narrow majority than similar votes in a number of other states.[83]", "In 2010, Arizona passed SB 1070, called the toughest illegal immigration legislation in the nation. A fierce debate erupted between supporters and detractors of the law.[84]", "The United States Supreme Court heard arguments March 18, 2013, regarding the validity of the Arizona law, which requires individuals to show documents proving U.S. citizenship in order to register to vote in national elections.[85]", "Same-sex marriage and Civil unions[edit]", "In 2006, Arizona became the first state in the United States to reject a proposition, Prop 107, that would have banned same-sex marriage and civil unions.[86] However, in 2008, Arizona voters approved of Prop 102, a constitutional amendment that prohibited same-sex marriage but not other unions.[87] Prior to same-sex marriage being legal, the City of Bisbee became the first jurisdiction in Arizona to approve of civil unions.[88] The state s Attorney General at the time, Tom Horne, threatened to sue, but rescinded the threat once Bisbee amended the ordinance; Bisbee approved of civil unions in 2013.[89] The municipalities of Clarkdale, Cottonwood, Jerome, Sedona, and Tucson also passed civil unions.[90]", "A November 2011 Public Policy Polling survey found that 44% of Arizona voters supported the legalization of same-sex marriage, while 45% opposed it and 12% were not sure. A separate question on the same survey found that 72% of respondents supported legal recognition of same-sex couples, with 40% supporting same-sex marriage, 32% supporting civil unions, 27% opposing all legal recognition and 1% not sure. Arizona Proposition 102, known by its supporters as the Marriage Protection Amendment, appeared as a legislatively referred constitutional amendment on the November 4, 2008 ballot in Arizona, where it was approved: 56.2%\u201343%. It amended the Arizona Constitution to define marriage as between one man and one woman.[91]", "On October 17, 2014, Arizona Attorney General Tom Horne announced that his office would no longer object to same-sex marriage, in response to a U.S. District Court Ruling on Arizona Proposition 102. On that day, each county s Clerk of the Superior Court began to issue same-sex marriage licenses, and Arizona became the 31st state to legalize same-sex marriage.", "Elementary and secondary education[edit]", "Public schools in Arizona are separated into about 220 local school districts which operate independently, but are governed in most cases by elected county school superintendents; these are in turn overseen by the Arizona State Board of Education (a division of the Arizona Department of Education) and the state Superintendent of Public Instruction (elected in partisan elections every even-numbered year when there is not a presidential election, for a four-year term). In 2005, a School District Redistricting Commission was established with the goal of combining and consolidating many of these districts.", "The University of Arizona (the Mall) located in Tucson", "Arizona State University (a biodesign building) located in Tempe", "Northern Arizona University (The Skydome) located in Flagstaff", "Arizona is served by three public universities: The University of Arizona, Arizona State University, and Northern Arizona University. These schools are governed by the Arizona Board of Regents.", "Private higher education in Arizona is dominated by a large number of for-profit and chain (multi-site) universities.[92]", "Embry\u2013Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott and Prescott College are Arizona s only non-profit four-year private colleges.[93]", "Arizona has a wide network of two-year vocational schools and community colleges. These colleges were governed historically by a separate statewide Board of Directors but, in 2002, the state legislature transferred almost all oversight authority to individual community college districts.[94] The Maricopa County Community College District includes 11 community colleges throughout Maricopa County and is one of the largest in the nation.", "Public universities in Arizona[edit]", "Arizona State University, (Sun Devils) Tempe/Phoenix/Mesa/Glendale/Lake Havasu", "Northern Arizona University, (Lumberjacks) Flagstaff/Yuma/Prescott", "University of Arizona, (Wildcats) Tucson/Sierra Vista, M.D. college in downtown Phoenix and UA Agricultural Center in Yuma/Maricopa", "Private colleges and universities in Arizona[edit]", "Art Institute of Tucson", "Art Institute of Phoenix", "International Baptist College", "Penn Foster College[95]", "Community colleges[edit]", "Maricopa County Community College District", "Rio Salado Community College", "Art and culture[edit]", "Visual arts and museums[edit]", "See also: List of museums in Arizona", "Phoenix Art Museum, located on the historic Central Avenue corridor in Phoenix, is the Southwest s largest collection of visual art from across the world. The museum displays international exhibitions alongside the museum s collection of more than 18,000 works of American, Asian, European, Latin American, Western American, modern and contemporary art, and fashion design. With a community education mandate since 1951, Phoenix Art Museum holds a year-round program of festivals, live performances, independent art films and educational programs. The museum also has PhxArtKids, an interactive space for children; photography exhibitions through the museum s partnership with the Center for Creative Photography; the landscaped Sculpture Garden and dining at Arcadia Farms.", "Arizona is a recognized center of Native American art, with a number of galleries showcasing historical and contemporary works. The Heard Museum, also located in Phoenix, is a major repository of Native American art. Some of the signature exhibits include a full Navajo hogan, the Mareen Allen Nichols Collection containing 260 pieces of contemporary jewelry, the Barry Goldwater Collection of 437 historic Hopi kachina dolls, and an exhibit on the 19th century boarding school experiences of Native Americans. The Heard Museum has about 250,000 visitors a year.", "Sedona, Jerome, and Tubac are known as a budding artist colonies, and small arts scenes exist in the larger cities and near the state universities.", "See also: List of films shot in Arizona", "View of Monument Valley from John Ford s Point", "Several major Hollywood films, such as Billy Jack, U Turn, Waiting to Exhale, Just One of the Guys, Can t Buy Me Love, Bill & Ted s Excellent Adventure, The Scorpion King, The Banger Sisters, Used Cars, and Raising Arizona have been made there (as have many Westerns). The 1993 science fiction movie Fire in the Sky, based on a reported alien abduction in the town of Snowflake, was set in Snowflake. It was filmed in the Oregon towns of Oakland, Roseburg, and Sutherlin.", "The 1974 film Alice Doesn t Live Here Anymore, for which Ellen Burstyn won the Academy Award for Best Actress, and also starring Kris Kristofferson, was set in Tucson. The climax of the 1977 Clint Eastwood film The Gauntlet takes place in downtown Phoenix. The final segments of the 1984 film Starman take place at Meteor Crater outside Winslow. The Jeff Foxworthy comedy documentary movie Blue Collar Comedy Tour was filmed almost entirely at the Dodge Theatre. Some of Alfred Hitchcock s classic film Psycho was shot in Phoenix, the ostensible home town of the main character.", "Some of the television shows filmed or set in Arizona include The New Dick Van Dyke Show, Medium, Alice, The First 48, Insomniac with Dave Attell, Cops, and America s Most Wanted. The TV sitcom Alice, which was based on the movie was set in Phoenix. Twilight had passages set in Phoenix at the beginning and the end of the film.", "Main article: Music of Arizona", "Arizona is prominently featured in the lyrics of many Country and Western songs, such as Jamie O Neal s hit ballad There Is No Arizona . George Strait s Oceanfront Property uses ocean front property in Arizona as a metaphor for a sucker proposition. The line see you down in Arizona Bay is used in a Tool song in reference to the possibility (expressed as a hope by comedian Bill Hicks) that Southern California will one day fall into the ocean. Glen Campbell, a notable resident, popularized the song By The Time I Get To Phoenix .", "Standin on the Corner Park and mural in Winslow, Arizona", "Arizona was the title of a popular song recorded by Mark Lindsay. Arizona is mentioned by the hit song Take It Easy , written by Jackson Browne and Glenn Frey and performed by the Eagles. Arizona is also mentioned in the Beatles song Get Back , credited to John Lennon and Paul McCartney; McCartney sings: JoJo left his home in Tucson, Arizona, for some California grass. Carefree Highway , released in 1974 by Gordon Lightfoot, takes its name from Arizona State Route 74 north of Phoenix.[96]", "Arizona s budding music scene is helped by emerging bands, as well as some well-known artists. The Gin Blossoms, Chronic Future, Roger Clyne and the Peacemakers, Jimmy Eat World, Caroline s Spine, and others began their careers in Arizona. Also, a number of punk and rock bands got their start in Arizona, including JFA, The Feederz, Sun City Girls, The Meat Puppets, The Maine, The Summer Set, and more recently Authority Zero and Digital Summer.", "Arizona also has many singers and other musicians. Singer, songwriter and guitarist Michelle Branch is from Sedona. The late Chester Bennington, the former lead vocalist of Linkin Park, and mash-up artist DJ Z-Trip are both from Phoenix. One of Arizona s better known musicians is shock rocker Alice Cooper, who helped define the genre. Maynard James Keenan, the lead singer of the bands Tool, A Perfect Circle, and Puscifer, calls the town of Cornville his current home.", "Other notable singers include country singers Dierks Bentley and Marty Robbins, folk singer Katie Lee, Fleetwood Mac s Stevie Nicks, CeCe Peniston, Rex Allen, 2007 American Idol winner Jordin Sparks, and Linda Ronstadt.", "Arizona is also known for its heavy metal scene, which is centered in and around Phoenix. In the early to mid-1990s, it included bands such as Job for a Cowboy, Knights of the Abyss, Greeley Estates, Eyes Set To Kill, blessthefall, The Word Alive, The Dead Rabbitts, and Abigail Williams. The band Soulfly calls Phoenix home and Megadeth lived in Phoenix for about a decade. Beginning in and around 2009, Phoenix began to host a burgeoning desert rock and sludge metal underground, (ala Kyuss in 1990s California) led by bands like Wolves of Winter, Asimov and Dead Canyon.", "American composer Elliott Carter composed his first String Quartet (1950\u201351) while on sabbatical (from New York) in Arizona. The quartet won a Pulitzer Prize and other awards and is now a staple of the string quartet repertoire.[citation needed]", "Main article: Sports in Arizona", "Professional sports teams in Arizona include:", "Arizona Cardinals American football National Football League 2 (1925, 1947)", "Arizona Hotshots American football Alliance of American Football 0", "Phoenix Suns Basketball National Basketball Association 0", "Arizona Diamondbacks Baseball Major League Baseball 1 (2001)", "Arizona Coyotes Ice hockey National Hockey League 0", "Arizona Rattlers Indoor football Indoor Football League 6 (1994, 1997, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2017)", "Phoenix Rising FC Soccer United Soccer League 0", "Phoenix Mercury Basketball Women s National Basketball Association 3 (2007, 2009, 2014)", "Tucson Roadrunners Ice hockey American Hockey League 0", "Northern Arizona Suns Basketball NBA G League 1", "The University of Phoenix stadium hosted Super Bowl XLII on February 3, 2008, and Super Bowl XLIX on February 1, 2015.", "Due to its numerous golf courses, Arizona is home to several stops on the PGA Tour, most notably the Phoenix Open, held at the TPC of Scottsdale, and the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship at the Ritz-Carlton Golf Club in Marana.", "Auto racing is another sport known in the state. Phoenix International Raceway in Avondale is home to NASCAR race weekends twice a year. Firebird International Raceway near Chandler is home to drag racing and other motorsport events.", "College sports[edit]", "College sports are also prevalent in Arizona. The Arizona State Sun Devils and the Arizona Wildcats belong to the Pac-12 Conference while the Northern Arizona Lumberjacks compete in the Big Sky Conference and the Grand Canyon Antelopes compete for in the Western Athletic Conference. The rivalry between Arizona State Sun Devils and the Arizona Wildcats predates Arizona s statehood, and is the oldest rivalry in the NCAA.[97] The Territorial Cup, first awarded in 1889 and certified as the oldest trophy in college football,[98] is awarded to the winner of the annual football game between the two schools.", "Arizona also hosts several college football bowl games. The Fiesta Bowl, originally held at Sun Devil Stadium, is now held at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale. The Fiesta Bowl is part of the new College Football Playoff (CFP). University of Phoenix Stadium was also home to the 2007 and 2011 BCS National Championship Games.", "A spring training game between the Cubs and White Sox at HoHoKam Park", "Baseball[edit]", "Arizona is a popular location for Major League Baseball spring training, as it is the site of the Cactus League. Spring training was first started in Arizona in 1947, when Brewers owner Veeck sold them in 1945 but went onto purchase the Cleveland Indians in 1946. He decided to train the Cleveland Indians in Tucson and convinced the New York Giants to give Phoenix a try. Thus the Cactus League was born.[99]", "On March 9, 1995, Arizona was awarded a franchise to begin play for the 1998 season. A $130 million franchise fee was paid to Major League Baseball and on January 16, 1997, the Diamondbacks were officially voted into the National League.", "Since their debut, the Diamondbacks have won five National League West titles, one National League Championship pennant, and the 2001 World Series.", "Miscellaneous topics[edit]", "Main article: List of people from Arizona", "Some notable Arizonans involved in politics and government include:", "Former Arizona Governor Jan Brewer", "Former Surgeon General of the United States Richard Carmona", "Former United States Secretary of Transportation Mary Peters[100]", "Former Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O Connor[101]", "Former Supreme Court Chief Justice William Rehnquist[102]", "Former U.S. Senator Dennis DeConcini[103]", "Former Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio[citation needed]", "Former Graham County Sheriff Richard Mack[citation needed]", "National Education Association President Dennis Van Roekel[104]", "Junior Republican Senator Jon Kyl, former Senate Minority Whip.[105]", "Presidential candidate (2000, 2008) and former U.S. Senator John McCain[106]", "Presidential candidate (1964) and former U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater[107]", "Former governor, Secretary of the Interior, and presidential candidate (1988) Bruce Babbitt[108]", "Presidential candidate (1976) and former Arizona congressman Mo Udall and his brother Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall[citation needed]", "Former U.S. Senator Carl Hayden[citation needed]", "Former United States Solicitor General Rex E. Lee.[109]", "Former Governor and Secretary of Homeland Security in the Obama Administration Janet Napolitano[110]", "Former State Senator Jack Taylor also served as mayor of Mesa and was for one two-year term a member of the Arizona House of Representatives.[111]", "Arizona notables in culture and the arts include:", "Labor leader and civil rights pioneer Cesar Estrada Chavez was from San Luis, near Yuma[112]", "Actress Emma Stone is from Scottsdale", "Actress Gail Edwards resides in Sedona", "Athlete Auston Mathews (Toronto Maple Leaf Center)", "Author Zane Grey", "Disc sports (Frisbee) pioneer Ken Westerfield currently lives in Bisbee", "Film director Steven Spielberg was raised in Phoenix and attended Arcadia High School", "Actor David Spade was raised in Scottsdale and graduated from Arizona State University", "Actress Lynda Carter, star of Wonder Woman, is from Phoenix and attended Arizona State University", "Horse owner and trainer Bob Baffert.", "Musicians Chester Bennington of Linkin Park (Phoenix), Alice Cooper (Phoenix), Stevie Nicks of Fleetwood Mac (Phoenix), (Jerome), Linda Ronstadt (Tucson), Michelle Branch (Sedona), Nate Ruess of Fun. (Glendale)", "Musicians in the bands Meat Puppets (Phoenix/Tempe), Authority Zero (Mesa), Gin Blossoms (Tempe), Chronic Future (Scottsdale), Jimmy Eat World (Mesa), The Format (Glendale), Stellar Kart (Phoenix), Malignus Youth (Sierra Vista), and Job for a Cowboy (Glendale).", "Poet Jim Simmerman of Flagstaff", "Frederick Sommer, an artist/photographer, moved to Tucson in 1931 and lived in Prescott from 1935 to 1999", "Rancher and political insider John G.F. Speiden \u2013 Jay Six Ranch", "Author Diana Gabaldon mostly known for Outlander was born in and resides in Arizona", "Musician Zella Day is originally from Pinetop, Arizona", "State symbols[edit]", "Cactus wren, the Arizona state bird", "Arizona state amphibian: Arizona treefrog (Hyla eximia)", "Arizona state bird: cactus wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus)", "Arizona state butterfly: two-tailed swallowtail (Papilio multicaudata)", "Arizona state colors: federal blue and old gold", "Arizona state dinosaur: Sonorasaurus[113]", "Arizona state fish: Apache trout (Oncorhynchus apache)[114]", "Arizona state flag: Flag of the State of Arizona", "Arizona state flower: saguaro blossom (Carnegiea gigantea)", "Arizona state fossil: petrified wood", "Arizona state gemstone: turquoise", "Arizona state mammal: ring-tailed cat (Bassariscus astutus)", "Arizona state motto: Ditat Deus (Latin God enriches)", "Arizona state neckwear: bolo tie", "Arizona state reptile: Arizona ridge-nosed rattlesnake (Crotalus willardi)", "Arizona state seal: Great Seal of the State of Arizona", "Arizona state slogan: Grand Canyon State", "Arizona state songs: Arizona March Song (by Margaret Rowe Clifford) and Arizona (by Rex Allen, Jr.)[115]", "Arizona state tree: palo verde (Parkinsonia)", "Arizona state gun: Colt Single Action Army revolver[116]", "Arizona portal", "Outline of Arizona \u2013 organized list of topics about Arizona", "Index of Arizona-related articles", "^ In 2000, this designation was broken into two groups: Independent, Non-Charismatic Churches (34,130 adherents) and Independent, Charismatic Churches (29,755 adherents)", "^ Arizona \u2013 Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary . Merriam-webster.com. April 25, 2007. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ 2010 Census State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates . U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved February 14, 2012.", "^ Median Annual Household Income . The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved December 9, 2016.", "^ Frisco . NGS data sheet. U.S. National Geodetic Survey. Retrieved October 20, 2011.", "^ a b Elevations and Distances in the United States . United States Geological Survey. 2001. Archived from the original on October 15, 2011. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ All about Arizona. sheppardsoftware.com. Retrieved September 21, 2010.", "^ a b Dr. Dean Chavers, History of Indian voting rights and why it s important Archived July 7, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Indian Country Today, October 29, 2012; accessed July 17, 2016. See Trujillo v. Garley (1948)", "^ a b c d e Harrison v. Laveen, July 1948, Arizona Supreme Court", "^ Bright, William (2004). Native American Place Names of the United States. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, p. 47", "^ Kitt, E. O.; Pearce, T. M. (1952). Arizona Place Name Records . Western Folklore. 11 (4): 284\u2013287. doi:10.2307/1496233. JSTOR 1496233.", "^ Harper, Douglas. Arizona . Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ McClintock, James (1916). Arizona, Prehistoric, Aboriginal, Pioneer, Modern: The Nation s Youngest Commonwealth within a Land of Ancient Culture. Chicago: The S.J. Clarke Publishing Co.", "^ a b Thompson, Clay (February 11, 2007). No, arid zone not the basis of state s name . The Arizona Republic. Retrieved December 29, 2014.", "^ Saxton, Dean, Saxton, Lucille, & Enos, Susie. (1983). Dictionary: Tohono O odham/Pima to English, English to Tohono O odham/Pima. Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona Press", "^ Thompson, Clay (February 25, 2007). A sorry state of affairs when views change . The Arizona Republic. Archived from the original on August 1, 2007. Retrieved March 3, 2007.", "^ Jim Turner. How Arizona did NOT Get its Name . Arizona Historical Society. Archived from the original on August 2, 2007. Retrieved March 3, 2007.", "^ Donald Garate, 2005, Arizonac, a twentieth-century myth , Journal of Arizona History 46(2), pp. 161\u2013184", "^ Mart\u00ednez La\u00ednez, Fernando and Canales Torres, Carlos. Banderas lejanas: La exploraci\u00f3n, conquista y defensa por parte de Espa\u00f1a del Territorio de los actuales Estados Unidos (in Spanish: Far flags. The exploration, conquest and defense by Spain of the Territory of the present United States). Page 145-46. Fourth edition: September 2009.", "^ Timothy Anna et al., Historia de M\u00e9xico. Barcelona: Critica, 2001, p. 10.", "^ Mexican\u2013American War as accessed on March 16, 2007, at 7:33 MST AM", "^ Arizona Ordinance of secession presented by the Col. Sherod Hunter Camp 1525, SCV, Phoenix, Arizona . Members.tripod.com. July 23, 2007. Archived from the original on January 17, 2010. Retrieved July 25, 2010.", "^ United States. Cong. Senate (1904) [1st pub. Confederate States. Cong.:1861\u20131862]. Journal of the Congress of the Confederate States of America, 1861\u20131865. Volume I. 58th Cong. 2d sess. S. Doc. 234. Washington: Government Printing Office. p. 691. LCCN 05012700 \u2013 via Internet Archive.", "^ Henson, Pauline (1965). Founding a Wilderness Capital, Prescott, A. T., 1864. Flagstaff, Arizona: Northland Press. pp. passim.", "^ Arroyo Rodriguez, Nadine (September 26, 2014). Did You Know: Capital Of Arizona Moved 4 Times Before Settling In Phoenix . kjzz. Retrieved January 9, 2019.", "^ Preserving Cultural and Historic Resources \u2013 A Conservation Objective of the Sonoran Desert Conservation Plan . pima.gov. Archived from the original on January 17, 2010. Retrieved November 13, 2016.", "^ Archaeology of the Phoenix Indian School . Archaeology.org. March 27, 1998. Archived from the original on January 17, 2010. Retrieved July 25, 2010.", "^ Arizona Democrats authorize Internet Voting for March 11 Advisory Primary , The Green Papers", "^ Urban and Community Forestry Division . Arizona State Forestry Division. Retrieved July 6, 2014.", "^ Prescott Overview . Ncsu.edu. May 15, 2002. Archived from the original on January 17, 2010. Retrieved July 25, 2010.", "^ Arizona . USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquake.Usgs.Gov. Archived from the original on January 6, 2013. Retrieved October 12, 2012.", "^ a b Arizona . USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquake.Usgs.Gov. Archived from the original on September 1, 2012. Retrieved October 12, 2012.", "^ a b Arizona Climate . Desert Research Institute, Western Regional Climate Center, Reno, Nevada. December 7, 2001. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ Climate Assessment for the Southwest (December 1999). The Climate of the Southwest . University of Arizona. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. Retrieved March 21, 2006.", "^ United States Geological Survey (September 2005). Hydrologic Conditions in Arizona During 1999\u20132004: A Historical Perspective (PDF). Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ History for Phoenix, AZ . Weather Underground. August 31, 2006.", "^ Mean number of Days with Minimum Temperature Below 32F National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Retrieved March 24, 2007 . Lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov. August 20, 2008. Archived from the original on December 17, 2001. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ Arizona climate averages . Weatherbase. Retrieved November 11, 2015.", "^ Resident Population Data \u2013 2010 Census Archived October 19, 2013, at the Wayback Machine", "^ a b QuickFacts Arizona; UNITED STATES . 2018 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. February 1, 2019. Retrieved February 2, 2019.", "^ Arizona (state, United States). Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica Online.", "^ Arizona \u2013 Race and Hispanic Origin: 1860 to 1990. (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived February 9, 2018, at the Wayback Machine.", "^ Census.gov Arizona \u2013 Race and Hispanic Origin: 1860 to 1990 Archived January 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine", "^ Arizona at a crossroads over water and growth . The Arizona Republic. March 9, 2008.", "^ Americans under age 1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot . The Plain Dealer. June 3, 2012.", "^ Ranking Tables for Metropolitan Areas: 1990 and 2000. United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved on July 8, 2006.", "^ Slevin, Peter (April 30, 2010). New Arizona law puts police in tenuous spot . Washington Post. Washington, DC. p. A4. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ second to Nevada with 8.8% in 2010", "^ Arizona \u2013 Race and Hispanic Origin: 1860 to 1990 . U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 25, 2008.", "^ American FactFinder \u2013 Results Archived May 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine", "^ a b Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States Archived December 24, 2014, at the Wayback Machine", "Table 17. Arizona \u2013 Race and Hispanic Origin: 1860 to 1990 . (PDF)", "^ Population of Arizona \u2013 Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts \u2013 CensusViewer . censusviewer.com.", "^ 2010 Census Data .", "^ American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau. Arizona \u2013 Selected Social Characteristics in the United States: 2007\u20132009 . Factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ a b Arizona . Modern Language Association. Retrieved October 15, 2013.", "^ a b 2005 American Community Survey. Retrieved from the data of the MLA, July 13, 2010", "^ Arizona has most Indian language speakers. upi.com Accessed December 12, 2011.", "^ Phoenix Business Journal, September 2, 2011, page 4", "^ Archived copy . Archived from the original on August 23, 2015. Retrieved July 5, 2015. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)", "^ Home | Colleges at Lake Havasu . Havasu.asu.edu. Retrieved September 9, 2016.", "^ 2017 Population Estimates . United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 2, 2019.", "^ LDS Facts and Statistics USA-Arizona . Mormon Newsroom. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Retrieved November 30, 2014.", "^ The Association of Religion Data Archives | State membership Report . www.Thearda.com. Retrieved November 7, 2013.", "^ Facts and Statistics USA-Arizona . lds.org. Retrieved April 30, 2012.", "^ a b Arizona \u2013 Religious Traditions, 2010 . Association of Religion Data Archives. Archived from the original on August 2, 2017. Retrieved August 2, 2017.", "^ Arizona \u2013 Religious Traditions, 2010 . Association of Religion Data Archives. Archived from the original on August 2, 2017. Retrieved August 2, 2017.", "^ How Hindus Grew into Second-Largest Faith in Arizona & Delaware . NBC News. June 24, 2014. Archived from the original on August 2, 2017. Retrieved August 2, 2017.", "^ U.S. Religion Census 2010: Summary Findings (PDF). Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies. May 1, 2012. p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 2, 2017. Retrieved August 2, 2017.", "^ News Release (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 21, 2012. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ Arizona Economy at a Glance . Bls.gov. Retrieved September 9, 2016.", "^ Arizona Republic 100: State s biggest employers . The Arizona Republic.", "^ Arizona Income Tax Rates for 2017 . www.tax-rates.org.", "^ Tucson: Streetcar Plan Wins With 60% of Vote . Lightrailnow.org. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ World s busiest airports by traffic movements", "^ World s busiest airports by passenger traffic", "^ Deer Valley Airport . Phoenix.gov. Archived from the original on April 23, 2011. Retrieved July 25, 2010.", "^ Ariz. GOP would gain if Napolitano gets Obama post . KTAR. Associated Press. November 20, 2008. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ Format Document . Azleg.gov. January 1, 1993. Retrieved September 9, 2016.", "^ Table 1. The Counties and the Most Populous Incorporated Places in 2010 in Arizona: 2000 and 2010 . U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved January 8, 2012. Archived October 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine", "^ Voter Registration Statistics (PDF). Arizona Secretary of State Elections Bureau. Retrieved November 7, 2016.", "^ Arizona stands alone against marriage ban \u2013 Queer Lesbian Gay News . Gay.com. Archived from the original on May 16, 2016. Retrieved July 25, 2010.", "^ Ban on gay unions solidly supported in most of Arizona Archived November 8, 2008, at the Wayback Machine", "^ Archibold, Randal C. (April 23, 2010). Arizona Enacts Stringent Law on Immigration . The New York Times. Retrieved December 28, 2011.", "^ High court to weigh Arizona voter registration case . Reuters. March 15, 2013. Retrieved March 17, 2013.", "^ Why Arizona Flipped On Gay Marriage . Retrieved 2017-11-15.", "^ McKinley, Jesse; Goodstein, Laurie (2008-11-05). Bans in 3 States on Gay Marriage . The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-11-15.", "^ Arizona city poised to pass state s first civil union ordinance . Reuters. 2013-04-02. Retrieved 2017-11-15.", "^ Press, Associated (2013-06-05). Bisbee, Arizona same-sex marriage: Council approves civil unions measure . KNXV. Retrieved 2017-11-15.", "^ Legal Recognition of Same-Sex Relationships (PDF). samesexrelationshipguide.com. August 31, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24. Retrieved October 14, 2017.", "^ AZ pro-civil unions, remembers Goldwater fondly (PDF).", "^ College Navigator - Search Results . nces.ed.gov.", "^ College Navigator \u2013 Prescott College . nces.ed.gov.", "^ 2002 Legislature \u2013 HB 2710, which later became ARS 15-1444", "^ AZ Private Postsecondary Institutions . Azhighered.org. Retrieved September 9, 2016.", "^ Crawdaddy (April 1975). Missing or empty |title= (help)", "^ Knauer, Tom (November 22, 2006). What is the Territorial Cup? . The Wildcat Online. Archived from the original on October 8, 2008. Retrieved April 2, 2007.", "^ Official 2007 NCAA Division I Football Records Book (PDF). National Collegiate Athletic Association. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 25, 2008.", "^ Buckhorn Baths: A unique Mesa landmark . www.azcentral.com.", "^ Mary Peters . ntl.bts.gov/. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Sandra Day O Connor . .law.cornell.edu. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ William Rehnquist . Directory of Federal Judges. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Dennis DeConcini . Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Dennis Van Roekel . National Education Association. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Jon Kyl . Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ John McCain . MProject Vote Smart. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Barry Goldwater . Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Bruce Babbitt . The Washington Post Company. December 15, 1999. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Rex E. Lee . Deseret News. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Janet Napolitano . MProject Vote Smart. Retrieved September 9, 2013.", "^ Jerald Jackson Taylor . apnewsarchive.com. April 3, 1995. Retrieved July 31, 2015.", "^ The Story of Cesar Chavez . UFW. Retrieved 13 November 2018.", "^ Sonorasaurus officially named Arizona s state dinosaur . April 11, 2018.", "^ Carter, Julie Meka. Apache Trout Recovery: A Wildlife Success Story . Wildlife & Conservation. Arizona Game and Fish Department. Archived from the original on September 20, 2013. Retrieved September 28, 2013.", "^ Kids Page \u2013 Arizona State Songs .", "^ Arizona Gets an Official State Gun \u2013 And It s Manufactured in Connecticut . Retrieved April 15, 2017.", "Bayless, Betsy, 1998, Arizona Blue Book, 1997\u20131998. Phoenix, Arizona.", "McIntyre, Allan J., 2008, The Tohono O odham and Pimeria Alta. Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, South Carolina. (ISBN 978-0-7385-5633-8).", "Miller, Tom (editor), 1986, Arizona: The Land and the People. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. (ISBN 978-0-8165-1004-7).", "Officer, James E., 1987, Hispanic Arizona, 1536\u20131856. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. (ISBN 978-0-8165-0981-2).", "Thomas, David M. (editor), 2003, Arizona Legislative Manual. In Arizona Phoenix, Arizona, Arizona Legislative Council. Google Print. Retrieved January 16, 2006.", "Trimble, Marshall, 1998, Arizona, A Cavalcade of History. Treasure Chest Publications, Tucson, Arizona. (ISBN 978-0-918080-43-1).", "Woosley, Anne I., 2008, Early Tucson. Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, South Carolina. (ISBN 978-0-7385-5646-8).", "Arizonaat Wikipedia s sister projects", "Official state government website", "Official Website of the State of Arizona", "Arizona State Guide, from the Library of Congress", "Arizona Regional Accounts Data at the Wayback Machine (archived August 19, 2002)", "Arizona Demographic Data from FedStats", "Arizona USDA State Fact Sheet", "Arizona Indicators, state s central resource for information on a wide range of topics", "Energy Data & Statistics for Arizona", "Arizona State Databases \u2013 Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Arizona state agencies and compiled by the Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association.", "Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records", "Arizona at Ballotpedia", "Arizona at Curlie", "Geographic data related to Arizona at OpenStreetMap", "Official Arizona Office of Tourism", "Arizona Game & Fish Department (Hunting, Boating & Fishing)", "American Southwest, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary", "New Mexico List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union", "Admitted on February 14, 1912 (48th) Succeeded by", "Places adjacent to Arizona", "Nevada Utah Colorado", "Baja California, Mexico Sonora, Mexico", "Topics related to Arizona", "The Grand Canyon State; The Copper State", "Phoenix (capital)", "Arizona Sun Corridor", "Coconino Plateau", "Mogollon Plateau", "Northeast Arizona", "Safford area", "Southern Arizona (Traditional Arizona)", "Mayors of cities with populations exceeding 100,000 in Arizona", "Greg Stanton (D)", "Jonathan Rothschild (D)", "John Giles (R)", "Jay Tibshraeny (R)", "(Chandler)", "Jerry Weiers (NP)", "(Glendale)", "Jim Lane (R)", "(Scottsdale)", "Jenn Daniels (R)", "Mark Mitchell (D)", "Cathy Carlat", "Sharon Wolcott (D)", "Protected areas of Arizona", "National Historical Parks,", "Historic Sites and Memorials", "Tumac\u00e1cori NHP", "Fort Bowie NHS", "Hubbell Trading Post NHS", "Coronado NMem", "Hohokam Pima", "Ironwood Forest", "National Conservation Areas", "Gila Box Riparian", "San Pedro Riparian", "Elden Pueblo", "Palatki Heritage Site", "V-Bar-V Heritage Site", "Bill Williams River", "Leslie Canyon", "See List of Arizona Wilderness Areas", "Buckskin Mountain", "Granite Mountain Hotshots Memorial", "Riordan Mansion", "Sonoita Creek", "Tubac Presidio", "Verde River Greenway", "Yuma Territorial Prison", "Powers Butte", "White Mountain Grasslands", "Phoenix Mountains Park and Recreation Area", "See List of National Natural Landmarks in Arizona", "See List of National Historic Landmarks in Arizona", "See National Register of Historic Places listings in Arizona", "Arizona State Parks (web)", "Sports teams based in Arizona", "Arizona Hawks", "Laredo Apaches", "Yuma Tejanos", "Tucson Sugar Skulls (2019)", "Phoenix Phantomz", "Sporting Arizona FC", "FC Arizona Women", "FC Tucson Women", "Phoenix Del Sol", "WFDTA", "Camelback Rugby Club", "Northern Arizona Rugby Football Club", "Old Pueblo Lions Rugby Football Club", "Tempe Rugby Club", "Tucson Magpies Rugby Football Club", "Yuma Rugby Football Club", "(NAIA)", "Benedictine University at Mesa", "(NJCAA)", "San Jose\u2013Oakland", "San Bernardino-Riverside", "Seven Years War \u2192", "Gaspar de Portol\u00e0", "Quechan", "Cochimi", "MusicBrainz: bf9353d8-da52-4fd9-8645-52b2349b4914", "SNAC: w6b09tzt", "Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arizona&oldid=884351317", "U.S. states with multiple time zones", "Articles containing Navajo-language text", "Articles containing O odham-language text" ] } ] }, "timestamp": null }, { "action": "Wizard => Apprentice", "text": "I've never been, but just from photos the Grand Canyon looks magnificent.", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://az.gov/", "title": "Arizona", "content": [ "Playing Indoors", "Tour Arizona", "The Boulder Dam was dedicated on September 30, 1935 by President Roosevelt, The Mike O Callaghan\u2013Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge was completed on October 10th 2010 Hoover Dam and Mike O Callaghan\u2013Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge Ron Kroetz 05/25/2013", "Explore our historic past, vibrant present, and promising future", "Arizona in 2017 - More People, More Jobs Arizona Small-Business Growth Among the Strongest in the Nation Steve McClanahan 07/06/2013", "Locate, manage, and grow your business in Arizona, or join our highly skilled workforce", "AHSRA & AJHSRA Rodeo Season Opener \u2013 Payson Event Center. come watch cowboys and cowgirls from all over the State of Arizona, as AHSRA and AJHSRA converge and these cowboys and cowgirls kick off their 2017-2018 season AHSRA & AJHSRA Rodeo Season Opener \u2013 Payson Event Center | September 16th - 17th, 2017 Heeteraz 09/28/2011", "Learn more about the schools, neighborhoods, and citizen resources that elevate Arizona s quality of life", "Making memories for our Arizona families is what the State Fair is about. Arizona State Fair | October 6th - 29th 2017 Stulnaz 10/31/2008", "Experience the indoor and outdoor activities our unique state has to offer", "The new Arizona State Senate Chambers were dedicated on March 7th, 1960. Arizona State Senate Chambers | March 7th Cherie Stone 03/01/2016", "Access state services, connect with your government, and stay informed", "Arizona s Governor Arizona s Governor Unknown", "Visit the official website of Governor Doug Ducey", "Office of the Arizona Governor", "AZ Lottery" ] }, { "url": "https://www.visitarizona.com/", "title": "Official Travel Tourism Website Visit Arizona", "content": [ "Snow Play in Arizona", "Hit the powdery slopes and trails of these Arizona snow areas for a hefty dose of wintertime adventure.", "Fido-Friendly Attractions and Must-Dos", "All members of the family can enjoy a trip to Arizona at these pet-friendly attractions.", "Pima Air & Space Museum, Tucson", "Fun fact: With 14 communities and parks, Arizona is home to more certified Dark Sky Places than any other U.S. state!", "Most Popular Places In Arizona", "Get Inspired By Destinations Our Travelers Love", "Explore dining, resorts, the arts, shopping amid beautiful, hike-able desert scenery.", "Vast, magnificent and inarguably beautiful, the Grand Canyon is easily Arizona\u2019s most distinguishable landmark \u2013 and a natural wonder that you simply have to see to believe.", "Discover the world\u2019s longest stalactite formations just a short hop from Tucson, Arizona.", "13,000 years of human history, plus hiking, camping, and horseback riding.", "Year-round outdoor activities, a lively historic downtown, and easy access to the Grand Canyon.", "Want to add one of the grandest landmarks in the United States to your \u201cvisited\u201d list? Visit the surreal sandstone towers in Monument Valley Navajo Tribal Park.", "Hiking, art galleries, fine dining, metaphysical and personal enrichment amongst scenic red rocks.", "by Teresa Bitler", "Shop Local in Phoenix", "by Nora Burba Trulsson", "Food for a Cause: 5 Restaurants that Give Back", "by Jessica Dunham", "Exciting Arizona Destinations", "With so many adventures ahead of you, we\u2019re here to help you go the distance.", "Measure The Miles", "Select Starting City Ajo Ash Fork Benson Bisbee Casa Grande Chandler Clifton Coolidge Cottonwood Douglas Duncan Flagstaff Florence Fredonia Gila Bend Glendale Globe Grand Canyon Lake Havasu City Holbrook Hoover Dam Kingman Mesa Miami Nogales Page Parker Payson Phoenix Prescott Safford St. Johns Scottsdale Sedona Show Low Sierra Vista Springerville Superior Tempe Tombstone Tuba City Tucson Wickenburg Wilcox Williams Winkelman Winslow Yuma to Select Destination City Ajo Ash Fork Benson Bisbee Casa Grande Chandler Clifton Coolidge Cottonwood Douglas Duncan Flagstaff Florence Fredonia Gila Bend Glendale Globe Grand Canyon Lake Havasu City Holbrook Hoover Dam Kingman Mesa Miami Nogales Page Parker Payson Phoenix Prescott Safford St. Johns Scottsdale Sedona Show Low Sierra Vista Springerville Superior Tempe Tombstone Tuba City Tucson Wickenburg Wilcox Williams Winkelman Winslow Yuma", "North Central Northern Phoenix & Central Tucson & Southern West Coast", "The center of the state and the center of it all, this region is where big things happen. You\u2019ll find some of Arizona\u2019s largest cities and South Mountain Park, the largest municipal park in the United States, here. Plus: professional sports teams and award-winning chefs.", "Mesa \u00bb", "Picacho \u00bb", "Tempe \u00bb", "Wickenburg \u00bb" ] }, { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/place/Arizona-state", "title": "Arizona Geography Facts Map History Britannica", "content": [ "state, United States", "James W. Byrkit", "Melvin E. Hecht", "Alternative Title: Grand Canyon State", "Arizona, constituent state of the United States of America. Arizona is the sixth largest state in the country in terms of area. Its population has always been predominantly urban, particularly since the mid-20th century, when urban and suburban areas began growing rapidly at the expense of the countryside. Some scholars believe that the state\u2019s name comes from a Basque phrase meaning \u201cplace of oaks,\u201d while others attribute it to a Tohono O\u2019odham (Papago) Indian phrase meaning \u201cplace of the young (or little) spring.\u201d Arizona achieved statehood on February 14, 1912, the last of the 48 conterminous United States to be admitted to the union.", "Arizona is a land of contradictions. Although widely reputed for its hot low-elevation desert covered with cacti and creosote bushes, more than half of the state lies at an elevation of at least 4,000 feet (1,200 metres) above sea level, and it possesses the largest stand of evergreen ponderosa pine trees in the world. Arizona is well known for its waterless tracts of desert, but, thanks to many large man-made lakes, it has many more miles of shoreline than its reputation might suggest. Such spectacular landforms as the Grand Canyon and the Painted Desert have become international symbols of the region\u2019s ruggedness, yet Arizona\u2019s environment is so delicate that in many ways it is more threatened by pollution than are New York City and Los Angeles. Its romantic reputation as a wild desert and a place of old-fashioned close-to-the-earth simplicity is at variance with the fact that after the 1860s the state\u2019s economy became industrial and technological long before it was pastoral or agrarian.", "Sunset at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, southern Arizona. \u00a9 Digital Vision/Getty Images", "Tucson, Ariz. Jeremy Woodhouse/Getty Images", "Arizona is located in the southwestern quadrant of the conterminous states, bordered by California to the west, Nevada to the northwest, Utah to the north, New Mexico to the east, and the Mexican state of Sonora to the south. The Colorado River forms the boundary with California and Nevada. Phoenix, situated in the south-central part of the state, is the capital and largest city. Area 113,990 square miles (295,233 square km). Population (2010) 6,392,017; (2018 est.) 7,171,646.", "Plate tectonics\u2014the shifting of large, relatively thin segments of Earth\u2019s crust\u2014and stream erosion have done the most to create Arizona\u2019s spectacular topography. Specifically, the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate came into contact and created the major tectonic forces that uplifted, wrinkled, and stretched Arizona\u2019s geologic crust, forming its mountain ranges, basins, and high plateaus. Over the course of millennia, rivers and their tributaries have carved distinctive landforms on these surfaces.", "Arizona Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "United States: The SouthwestThe Southwest. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Arizona desert landscapes. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "To Arizona\u2019s two major physiographic divisions, the Colorado Plateau and the Basin and Range Province, geologists add the Transition Zone (or Central Highlands). The northeastern two-fifths of Arizona is part of the scenic Colorado Plateau. Far less rugged than adjacent portions of the plateau in Utah, these tablelands in Arizona consist mainly of plains interrupted by steplike escarpments. Although they are labeled mesas and plateaus, their ruggedness and inaccessibility have been exaggerated. The incomparable Grand Canyon of the Colorado River provides the major exception to what has proved to be an area easily traversed. Forest-clad volcanic mountains atop the plateaus provide the state\u2019s highest points: Humphreys Peak, 12,633 feet (3,851 metres), in the San Francisco Mountains, and Baldy Mountain, 11,403 feet (3,476 metres), in the White Mountains.", "Arizona physiographic regionsPhysiographic regions of Arizona. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Colorado Plateau and Grand Canyon, northern Arizona. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Vermilion Cliffs National Monument, northern Arizona. \u00a9 Index Open", "More than 200 miles (320 km) of the southern border of the Colorado Plateau is marked by a series of giant escarpments known collectively as the Mogollon Rim. West and south of the rim, a number of streams follow narrow canyons or broad valleys south through the Transition Zone and into the Basin and Range Province. The Transition Zone bordering the plateaus comprises separated plateau blocks, rugged peaks, and isolated rolling uplands so forbidding that they remained mostly unexplored until the late 19th century. The zone marks the ecological border between the low deserts and the forested highlands; it combines elements of both with, for example, the Spanish bayonet of the Sonoran Desert growing alongside the juniper characteristic of higher elevations.", "The Basin and Range region of the southern and western third of the state contains the bulk of the population but none of the large canyons and mesas for which Arizona is famous. It consists largely of broad, open-ended basins or valleys of gentle slope. Isolated northwest-to-southeast\u2013tending mountain ranges rise like islands in the desert plain.", "Contrary to desert stereotypes, sand dunes are nearly nonexistent, and stony desert surfaces are seldom visible except in the far southwestern portion of the state. The younger soils of river floodplains provide the more-desirable soils for agriculture.", "Virtually all of Arizona lies within the Colorado River drainage system. The Gila River, with its major feeder streams\u2014the Salt and the Verde\u2014is by far the Colorado\u2019s main Arizona tributary.", "Colorado River in Marble Canyon, northeastern end of Grand Canyon National Park, northwestern Arizona. \u00a9 Gary Ladd", "Gila RiverGila River, southeastern Arizona. \u00a9 Nathan Chor/Shutterstock.com", "The Black, White, and Verde rivers are the primary perennial tributaries of the Salt River, which enters the Gila River southwest of Phoenix. Only during the infrequent\u2014and occasionally devastating\u2014flood periods does runoff water advance downstream past the numerous dams built on the Salt\u2019s system. The Gila River rises in that part of the Mogollon Rim located in western New Mexico, and it includes another and smaller Mogollon Rim tributary, the San Francisco River. Two intermittent southern Arizona streams, the Santa Cruz and San Pedro rivers, flow northward into the Gila, while two other intermittent streams, the Agua Fria and Hassayampa rivers, drain central Arizona southward into the Gila. Dams and irrigation systems, except on rare occasions, leave the Gila River dry for most of its length.", "The Little Colorado River\u2014which drains the Mogollon Rim\u2019s lee side and flows from southeast to northwest into the Colorado River between Marble Canyon and the Grand Canyon\u2014draws and transports little water from its large watershed. Because of the rain shadow effect on the Mogollon Rim\u2019s lee side, the Little Colorado usually is no more than a trickle and often is dry. Several other small and intermittent streams, such as the Bill Williams River, drain a large but arid part of western Arizona.", "About half of Arizona is semiarid, one-third is arid, and the remainder is humid. The Basin and Range region has the arid and semiarid subtropical climate that attracts most winter visitors and new residents. January days in Phoenix receive more than four-fifths of the possible sunshine and have a mean maximum temperature of 65 \u00b0F (18 \u00b0C). Occasional light frosts occur at most locations in the Basin and Range region in winter, and some precipitation interrupts the exceedingly dry springs and mildly dry falls. Daily maximum readings average 106 \u00b0F (41 \u00b0C) in Phoenix in July, and nighttime temperatures drop to an average of 81 \u00b0F (27 \u00b0C).", "Snow in Monument Valley Navajo Tribal Park, Arizona. Robert Glusic/Getty Images", "Moisture-laden air from the Gulf of California and the eastern Pacific Ocean appears in July, bringing more than two months of irregular but sometimes heavy thundershowers that are locally referred to as the \u201csummer monsoon.\u201d Phoenix and Tucson receive about 1 inch (25 mm) of precipitation in July and about 3 inches (75 mm) total throughout the summer months. Winter rains come from the Pacific.", "The Colorado Plateau has cool to cold winters and a semiarid climate. Average mile-high elevations and direct exposure to polar air masses can produce January mean high and low temperatures as divergent as the 46 \u00b0F (8 \u00b0C) and 19 \u00b0F (\u2212 7 \u00b0C), respectively, in Winslow. Year-round temperatures in Flagstaff are generally 30 \u00b0F (17 \u00b0C) cooler than those of Phoenix. Most of the region receives from 10 to 15 inches (250 to 375 mm) of precipitation annually, with the Mogollon Rim and White Mountains receiving the state\u2019s largest average, 25 inches (625 mm).", "Because of the great diversity of relief within the Transition Zone, climatic conditions there vary widely over small areas. Much of Arizona\u2019s humid area lies in this zone and in the adjacent high southern edge of the Colorado Plateau. There, perennial streams flowing through shaded riparian corridors contribute to atmospheric moisture, resulting in temperatures that are several degrees cooler than those of the nearby deserts.", "Considering the variety in relief and climate, it is not surprising to find similar diversity in the state\u2019s vegetation. About one-tenth of Arizona is forested, one-fourth is woodland, one-fourth is grassland, and the rest is desert shrub. Elevations above 6,000 to 7,000 feet (1,800 to 2,100 metres) host forests of ponderosa pine, topped in the highest areas by Douglas and other firs, spruces, and aspen. From 4,500 to 7,500 feet (1,375 to 2,300 metres) in the northern half of the state, pi\u00f1on pine and juniper predominate, while evergreen oak and chaparral grow between 4,000 and 6,000 feet (1,400 and 1,800 metres) in the central mountains. Plains grasses cover about one-third of the Colorado Plateau, and Sonoran or desert grass carpets the higher elevations of the basins. Mesquite trees have invaded many former grasslands in the south. Cacti grow throughout the state, with the greatest variety below 2,000 feet (600 metres). Foothills in the Tucson-Phoenix area carry giant saguaro cacti of the Sonoran Desert, matched in areas of the northwest Basin and Range by dramatic stands of Joshua trees. Shrubs dominate the lowest portions of all areas: big sagebrush and saltbush in the Colorado Plateau, creosote bush in the Basin and Range.", "Saguaros (Carnegiea gigantea) in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, southwestern Arizona, U.S. \u00a9 Corbis", "Adaptation of desert plants to harsh conditions. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Plant life in the Sonoran Desert, Saguaro National Park, southern Arizona, U.S. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Animal life is even more varied, with representatives of the Rocky Mountain, Great Plains, and Mexican ecological communities. Important larger mammals are black bears, deer, desert bighorns, antelope, and wapiti (elk). The tropical coatimundi, a raccoonlike mammal, has spread northward into Arizona, while the javelina, or peccary (wild pig), is a favourite game animal in the south. Among the several cats, the bobcat and the mountain lion (puma) are most characteristic of Arizona. Coyotes, skunks, and porcupines abound, as do cottontails, jackrabbits, and several varieties of foxes. The state\u2019s southern border area lies along a major flyway and is rich in birdlife, which attracts thousands of watchers. Game birds include turkeys and a variety of quails, doves, and waterfowl. Among native fish are the Arizona trout and the Colorado squawfish. Venomous animals include rattlesnakes, scorpions, and Gila monsters.", "coatimundiWhite-nosed coatimundi, Tucson Mountain Park, Arizona. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "Mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) on their nest protected within the prickly branches of a cactus in the Sonoran Desert, Arizona, U.S. \u00a9 C.K. Lorenz, The National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers", "Arizona mountain kingsnakeA small Arizona mountain kingsnake coiled on a large rock. \u00a9 Rusty Dodson/Shutterstock.com", "The indigenous peoples of Arizona are renowned for their rich cultural diversity. However, since the 19th century, the urbanized segments of the state have been cultural outposts that have more obviously reflected tastes, fashions, speech, religious preferences, political attitudes, and life-styles that have come from such diverse localities as Chicago, New York City, Washington, D.C., San Francisco, and Los Angeles.", "Until the latter half of the 19th century, except for very small and scattered groups of indigenous peoples, almost all of central and northern Arizona remained uninhabited. Most of the Spanish occupation of the state was tentative at best and, owing to the constant danger posed by actively hostile Apache bands, remained confined to a few intermittently occupied missions, presidios, and ranches in the Santa Cruz valley, south of Tucson.", "At the time of Arizona\u2019s acquisition (as part of New Mexico; see Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo) by the United States in 1848, fewer than 1,000 people of Hispanic origin lived in Arizona. Not until the 20th century did the number of Hispanic residents in Arizona soar. Today most are Mexicans or descendants of Mexicans who have arrived since 1900. Relations between Mexican Americans and Anglos (a term used by Hispanics for English-speaking whites) have at times been strained in Arizona, but in general the two ethnic groups have a history of cordiality that has often been absent in other border states. While some communities have Mexican barrios (ethnic quarters, often characterized by severe poverty), most Mexican Americans in Arizona live in a variety of neighbourhoods and participate fully in the state\u2019s business, political, and social life. Intermarriage with Anglos is common. Although Mexican food, building styles, home furnishings, clothing, social customs, and music have been incorporated into the Arizona lifestyle and are widely shared by longtime residents, the great majority of people (most of whom are relative newcomers to the state from other parts of the country) have been affected by Mexican culture in only a superficial way. If anything, the Mexican American population has been attracted to mainstream American culture.", "Although the Native American peoples of Arizona, since the time of the Spanish conquistadores, have been subjugated, badly exploited, and abused\u2014much as they were elsewhere\u2014this did not cause the total annihilation or permanent displacement of their population. The culture of Native Americans is very much in evidence in Arizona, although they constitute less than one-tenth of the total population. Native Americans are grouped into 15 tribes on 17 reservations that range in size from the 85-acre (34-hectare) Tonto Apache reserve to the 23,400-square-mile (60,600-square-km) reserve (nearly three-fifths of which lies in Arizona) of the Navajo. The latter tribe, numbering about 100,000 in Arizona, is deeply involved in directing the development of its land and people, and the tribal government assumes complete responsibility in many areas of Navajo social and economic life. Among the remaining tribes the best known are the legendary Apache and the much-studied Hopi. The Tohono O\u2019odham and the Akimel O\u2019odham (Pima) peoples have also received much attention in the anthropological and historical literature. Less well known are the Havasupai, who live at the bottom of the Grand Canyon, the Hualapai, the Yaqui, and the Yavapai. (For more information on the Havasupai, Hualapai, and Yavapai, see Yuman.)", "Navajo Indian Reservation, Arizona, U.S. David McNew/Getty Images", "Arizona\u2019s African American population constitutes only a small proportion of the state\u2019s total. Most of Arizona\u2019s cities and towns include predominantly African American neighbourhoods, the result of de facto housing segregation. The state voluntarily desegregated its schools in the early 1940s. Asians and Pacific Islanders are growing in numbers but still constitute the smallest minorities in the state.", "Despite Arizona\u2019s romantic image as a land of picturesque ghost towns and mining camps, isolated ranches, Native American reservations, and bucolic cotton and citrus farms, virtually all of its population is concentrated in urban areas. Three-fifths of the state\u2019s people live in just one of the state\u2019s 15 counties\u2014Maricopa, where Phoenix is located. Of the 15 counties, 6 collectively contain four-fifths of the state\u2019s population. Only a small number of people live on farms and ranches. Most towns and cities have low population densities.", "Phoenix, ArizonaPhoenix, Arizona. \u00a9 welcomia/Shutterstock.com", "Buildings of adobe can be seen in the older inhabited areas of southern Arizona, while Flagstaff and Prescott\u2014northern Arizona cities settled by New Englanders in the 1860s and \u201970s\u2014have Victorian-style houses that reflect the traditions and preferences of their first inhabitants.", "Prescott, Ariz., c. 1866. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.", "Phoenix is the primary trade centre of the state. Its central location, extensive agricultural economy, and attractive vacation and retirement amenities have caused it to become one of the largest and fastest-growing urban areas in the Southwest. Tucson, while older and smaller, has acted as a doorway to Mexico and maintains well-developed commercial and medical ties with Sonora and other northern states of Mexico. Since 1970, its population growth rate has rivaled that of Phoenix.", "Downtown Phoenix, Ariz. Adalberto Rios Lanz/Sexto Sol/Getty Images", "Tucson, ArizonaDowntown Tucson, Arizona, U.S. \u00a9 Kobby Dagan/Shutterstock.com", "In the early 21st century Arizona\u2019s population experienced dramatic growth at almost three times the national rate. Just over a quarter of the population was under age 18. Some of the new residents, as in the past, were \u201csnowbirds,\u201d retirees who spend the winter in the comparatively warm desert and return to other domiciles when the weather turns hot. So-called \u201cwhite flight\u201d from California and out-migration from declining industrial areas in the Midwestern and Eastern United States accounted for many arrivals of working age. Still other newcomers were lured by opportunities in the metropolitan areas, whose economies were beginning to mature to include desirable high-paying jobs. An untold number arrived illegally, most from Mexico and Central America, and filled the ranks of the state\u2019s low-paid service and agricultural sectors. The overall population was projected to reach 10 million by the year 2027.", "Before World War II the focus of Arizona\u2019s economy was primary production\u2014mineral extraction, lumbering, cattle raising, and crop growing. Since the late 1940s the focus has shifted toward manufacturing industry and services, the economy becoming one that better represents the country\u2019s growing affluence and technology. This is especially true of the Phoenix area, where a vibrant high-technology economy has arisen.", "Biosphere 2Biosphere 2, located in Oracle, Arizona, U.S., shown in 2008. The facility was originally developed to study survivability and assess whether humans were capable of building and living in self-sustaining colonies in outer space. It was later used as a scientific research facility. Carol M. Highsmith s America/Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (LC-DIG-highsm-04715)", "Good soil, plenty of irrigation water, and a long growing season enable Arizona to produce cotton, alfalfa, and a variety of grains, vegetables, fruits, and nuts. Arizona continues to be one of the country\u2019s leading cotton producers. For many years citrus growing has remained an important and expanding part of the state\u2019s economy, and, more recently, wine producers have been successful growing a number of varietal grapes. Livestock products include beef, dairy goods, and poultry and eggs. The average size of farms in Arizona is larger than that in any other state, and farmers and ranchers use more than four-fifths of the state\u2019s water.", "Cotton field near Coolidge, Ariz. \u00a9 Richard Cummins/Corbis", "Metallic ores such as copper, zinc, and, to a modest degree, silver and gold traditionally have brought revenue to the state. Coal from the Black Mesa area of the Native American reservations in northeastern Arizona is important, since coal-fired stations generate much of the electricity for the southwestern United States; the northeastern area also produces a small amount of petroleum, as well as large quantities of uranium.", "Since the 1880s, northern Arizona\u2019s massive stands of ponderosa pine have supplied a strong lumber and pulp-paper industry in the state. Rich alluvial soils, particularly in Yuma, Pinal, Pima, and Maricopa counties, have supported large and profitable agricultural operations. The state\u2019s attractive climate and landscape can also be counted among its most valuable resources.", "The natural geographic corridor created by the Colorado Plateau together with its Mogollon Rim escarpment has made possible Arizona\u2019s irrigation projects and most of the state\u2019s hydroelectric power, including that generated by the Roosevelt, Hoover, and Glen Canyon dams. Altogether, nearly a dozen dams control the Mogollon Rim\u2019s runoff, impounding and diverting the water to provide flood control and lakes for water storage. This hydrologic pattern has been a source of much political and legal trouble for Arizona, including years of litigation with California over rights to water from the Colorado River system. The state\u2019s internal sharing of water is also a major problem because groundwater has been depleted, particularly around Phoenix and Tucson, and there are no new sources of surface water. Cities have found it necessary to buy water rights from distant areas, and litigation involving municipalities, Native American tribes, and federal agencies over water rights is increasingly common.", "Hoover DamThe Hoover Dam on the Colorado River, Arizona-Nevada border, U.S. \u00a9 Ron Gatepain", "Glen Canyon DamGlen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River, near Page, Arizona, U.S. AdstockRF", "Between 1880 and 1950 the production of copper remained by far the most important industry in Arizona. Arizona is still the leading copper-producing state in the country, but manufacturing has grown to become the state\u2019s most important basic industry, notably in electronics, communications, aeronautics, and aluminum. Although this growth has brought one of the most dynamic and affluent economies in the nation, many of Arizona\u2019s outlying counties, particularly those with large Native American populations, remain among the poorest areas in the country.", "copper mineCopper mine near Tucson, Arizona. \u00a9 GalinaSt/Fotolia", "Tourism and retirement", "Urban and industrial expansion have so polluted major areas of Arizona that it no longer serves as the refuge it once did for sick people seeking pure air. The climate, scenery, and casual lifestyle, however, still attract millions of visitors each year, and the state has become a popular retirement centre, particularly in the lower desert areas. Large retirement communities such as Sun City, near Phoenix, and Green Valley, near Tucson, have continued to grow.", "Like other western states, Arizona has not emphasized the development of mass transit systems, and state and municipal governments struggle to build sufficient roads to accommodate a swelling population. It has long been so. The state\u2019s earliest service industry was long-distance cartage over rough desert and mountain country; in modern times, the five interstate highways that pass through Arizona are crowded with heavy trucks. These highways generally follow historic roads, most of which were established along Native American trade routes and accommodated stagecoaches and freight carriers. The railroads followed in the later 19th century, with well-established east-west routes passing through southern and northern Arizona, but there was little service to the rugged interior. A greater focus on mass transit development was evident in the state\u2019s larger cities in the early 21st century. A light-rail system that served Phoenix and the surrounding areas began operating in 2008, and Tucson launched a streetcar service in 2014.", "Highways winding through Salt River Canyon, Arizona. Herb and Dorothy McLaughlin", "Phoenix, Arizona: light-rail trainLight-rail train in Phoenix, Arizona. \u00a9 You Touch Pix of EuToch/Shutterstock.com", "Surface transportation is generally organized on the model of southern California, with streets on a grid pattern punctuated by freeways and highways. Within the cities some attention has been given to the development of bicycle paths. Phoenix\u2019s Sky Harbor International Airport offers nonstop international and domestic flights; Tucson International Airport provides more-limited nonstop flights; and Flagstaff and Yuma airports have fewer still. Many other towns have airports capable of accommodating small jet aircraft, and there are numerous military airfields as well.", "Phoenix, Arizona: freewayFreeway in Phoenix, Arizona. \u00a9 Andrew Zarivny/Shutterstock.com", "Next page Government and society", "United States: The Barack Obama administration", "\u2026constitutionality of the provision of Arizona\u2019s controversial 2010 immigration law that required police to check the legal status of anyone they stop for another law enforcement concern if they reasonably suspect that person to be in the United States illegally; however, the court struck down three of the law\u2019s provisions,\u2026", "Native American: Reorganization", "\u2026to this trend occurred in Arizona and New Mexico, which withheld enfranchisement until 1948 and granted it only after a lengthy lawsuit.\u2026", "\u2026in the present-day states of Arizona and New Mexico.\u2026", "same-sex marriage: United States", "\u2026Proposition 8 were approved in Arizona and Florida in 2008 and in North Carolina in 2012.\u2026", "In flag of Arizona", "In United States: The Barack Obama administration", "In United States Presidential Election of 2008: February 5: Super Tuesday", "In same-sex marriage: United States", "In Arizona: History", "In gas chamber", "Native American history and suffrage", "In Native American: Reorganization", "In Arizona: Land", "In Southwest", "Maps of World - Arizona, United States", "CRW Flags - Flag of Arizona, United States", "Smithsonian Channel - How Was the Grand Canyon Formed?", "National Weather Service - The Monsoon", "Official Site of the State of Arizona, United States", "NETSTATE - Arizona, United States", "Arizona - Children s Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11)", "Arizona - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)", "flag of Arizona", "Seal of Arizona", "Arizona s state bird is the cactus wren.", "The blossom of the saguaro cactus is Arizona s state flower.", "Doug Ducey (Republican)", "Grand Canyon State", "Ditat Deus (God Enriches)", "Coues\u2019 cactus wren", "Martha McSally (Republican)", "Kyrsten Sinema (Democrat)", "Seats in U.S. House of Representatives", "Mountain (GMT \u2212 7 hours)", "1Excluding military abroad.", "Stewart Lee Udall", "Morris King (\u201cMo\u201d) Udall", "Carl T. Hayden", "Walpi", "List of U.S. states dates of admission to the union", "List of cities and towns in the United States", "Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District", "Statehood and growth", "Development of commercial agriculture", "Population influx" ] }, { "url": "https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/news", "title": "Latest News in Phoenix AZ Breaking Stories and", "content": [ "Ducey, State Face Claim in Uber Self-Driving Death for Unsafe Policy", "Senate Candidate Who Shot Mom Suing Over Lost Professor Job", "Arizona Atheist and Christian Lawmakers Wage Holy War of Words", "Legislature Eases Restrictive English Law", "Lime Scooters Pulls Out of Tempe Over License Fee, Regulations", "February 15 at 7 a.m. by Alan Prendergast", "February 14 at 6:11 p.m. by Elizabeth Whitman", "February 14 at 4:03 p.m. by Joseph Flaherty", "February 14 at 9 a.m. by Ray Stern", "February 13 at 4:48 p.m. by Ray Stern", "In the federal prison where snitches where often targeted for death, a master criminal broke the convict code and turned...", "The 30th Anniversary: How Phoenix Played a Role in Bill & Ted\u2019s Excellent Adventure", "Taking a most excellent look back through time and looking back at the metro Phoenix locales used in the filming of Bill...", "by Benjamin Leatherman", "Arizona food is going next level.", "by Chris Malloy", "WWE Will Rock You: Wrestling s 10 Biggest Moments in Phoenix", "With the Royal Rumble returning to the Valley this weekend, it s time to recall our long love affair with the Rock, John...", "Howard Buffett s Border War: A Billionaire s Son Is Spending Millions in Cochise County", "The eldest son of Berkshire Hathaway CEO Warren Buffett out to kick some ass, as a friend urges, in southeast Arizona.", "by Beau Hodai", "Underachieving Solana Solar Plant Keeps Polluting Arizona s Air", "by Ray Stern", "by Stephen Lemons", "The Sweet Cars of Barrett-Jackson 2019", "Arizona s Record-Setting Election Day 2018 in Photos", "Donald Trump Jr. Stumps for Republicans at Sun City...", "Slideshow: A Look Back at President Donald Trump Rally...", "Young Phoenix Suns Nucleus Shines in Opening Win", "Despite Jeff Flake s Reversal, Protesters Were Still...", "Thomas Yoxall Tells the Story", "Body Cam Footage of Mesa Police Department Shooting of...", "Body Cam Footage of Mesa Police Shooting of Daniel Shaver", "The Wreath, The Wreath, The Wreath is on Fire....", "Best of Phoenix 2018: Best (and Worst) Political Behavior", "by Phoenix New Times", "Lemons: Backpage Founders Donated to Powerless Democrats; That s a Story?", "EEOC: Scottsdale Wine Bar Bosses, Staff Harassed Workers Perceived to Be Gay With Slurs, Taunts", "21st-Century Viking: The Life and Death of Ex-Con, Tattoo Artist, and Heathen Warrior Jubel Dean Perkins", "Maryvale Serial Shooter Murders Have Residents on Edge \u2014 And Feeling Abandoned", "by Elizabeth Whitman", "by Paula Ibieta", "Inside Item 9: Casa Grande Medical-Marijuana Grow Facility Goes for Max Effect", "by Steven Hsieh", "Different Model: DommLife Hopes to Avoid Fate of Other Medical Cannabis Lounges", "\u201cMy floor statement was a friendly counterpoint to Representative Salman\u2019s hijacking of the prayer, Representative...", "February 13 at 8:52 a.m. by Joseph Flaherty", "The former Walmart employee smokes marijuana before bed as a sleep aid and to treat her shoulder pain and arthritis,...", "February 13 at 7 a.m. by Joseph Flaherty", "I m not singling out religion and trying to attack religion, Arizona State Senator Juan Mendez said in response.", "Auditor General: Hit by Recession, Arizona s Water Department 10 Years...", "Director Tom Buschatzke said that groundwater management suffered no meaningful loss.", "February 12 at 7 a.m. by Elizabeth Whitman", "Arizona Legislature Eases Restrictive Four-Hour English Law in Historic...", "Bill sponsor Senator Paul Boyer said, Whoever said the legislature couldn t get along should take a close look at...", "The goal of regulation, of course, is not to drive the scooters out of the city, but to allow us to mitigate the..." ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona", "title": "Arizona Wikipedia", "content": [ "This article is about the U.S. state of Arizona. For other uses, see Arizona (disambiguation).", "The Grand Canyon State;", "The Copper State;", "The Valentine State", "Motto(s): Ditat Deus (God enriches)", "State song(s): The Arizona March Song and Arizona", "Spanish 19.5%", "Navajo 1.9%", "Arizonan[1]", "113,990[2] sq mi", "31\u00b0 20\u2032 N to 37\u00b0 N", "109\u00b0\u200a03\u2032 W to 114\u00b0 49\u2032 W", "Ranked 33rd", "$52,248 [3] (33rd)", "Humphreys Peak[4][5][6]", "Colorado River at the Sonora border[5][6]", "February 14, 1912 (48th)", "Doug Ducey (R)", "Katie Hobbs (D)", "4 Republicans (list)", "Mountain: UTC \u22127 (no DST)", "Mountain: UTC \u22127/\u22126", "US-AZ", "AZ, Ariz.", "www.az.gov", "The Flag of Arizona", "The Seal of Arizona", "Arizona tree frog", "Arizona ridge-nosed rattlesnake", "Blue, old gold", "Colt Single Action Army revolver", "Saguaro cactus flowers and buds after a wet winter. This is Arizona s official state flower.", "Arizona (/\u02cc\u00e6r\u026a\u02c8zo\u028an\u0259/ ( listen); Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation: [x\u00f2\u02d0zt\u00f2 x\u0251\u0300x\u00f2\u02d0ts\u00f2]; O odham: Al\u012d \u1e63onak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [\u02e1a\u027ai \u02e1\u0282onak]) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states. It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona, one of the Four Corners states, is bordered by New Mexico to the east, Utah to the north, Nevada and California to the west, and Mexico to the south, as well as the southwestern corner of Colorado. Arizona s border with Mexico is 389 miles (626 km) long, on the northern border of the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California.", "Arizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union, achieving statehood on February 14, 1912, coinciding with Valentine s Day. Historically part of the territory of Alta California in New Spain, it became part of independent Mexico in 1821. After being defeated in the Mexican\u2013American War, Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848. The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase.", "Southern Arizona is known for its desert climate, with very hot summers and mild winters. Northern Arizona features forests of pine, Douglas fir, and spruce trees; the Colorado Plateau; some mountain ranges (such as the San Francisco Mountains); as well as large, deep canyons, with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff, Alpine, and Tucson. In addition to the Grand Canyon National Park, there are several national forests, national parks, and national monuments.", "About one-quarter of the state[7] is made up of Indian reservations that serve as the home of 27 federally recognized Native American tribes, including the Navajo Nation, the largest in the state and the United States, with more than 300,000 citizens. Although federal law gave all Native Americans the right to vote in 1924, Arizona excluded those living on reservations in the state from voting until the state Supreme Court ruled in favor of Native American plaintiffs in Trujillo v. Garley (1948).[8][9]", "3 Geography and geology", "3.1 Earthquakes", "3.2 Adjacent states", "5.1 Race and ethnicity", "5.3 Cities and towns", "6.2 Largest employers", "7.1.1 Interstate highways", "7.1.2 U.S. routes", "7.2 Public transportation, Amtrak, and intercity bus", "7.3 Aviation", "8.1 Capitol complex", "8.2 State legislative branch", "8.3 State executive branch", "8.4 State judicial branch", "8.6 Federal representation", "8.8 Same-sex marriage and Civil unions", "9.1 Elementary and secondary education", "9.3 Public universities in Arizona", "9.4 Private colleges and universities in Arizona", "9.5 Community colleges", "10 Art and culture", "10.1 Visual arts and museums", "10.2 Film", "10.4.1 College sports", "11.1 Notable people", "11.2 State symbols", "The state s name appears to originate from an earlier Spanish name, Arizonac, derived from the O odham name al\u012d \u1e63onak, meaning small spring , which initially applied only to an area near the silver mining camp of Planchas de Plata, Sonora.[10][11][12][13] To the European settlers, their pronunciation sounded like Arissona .[14] The area is still known as al\u012d \u1e63onak in the O odham language.[15] Another possible origin is the Basque phrase haritz ona ( the good oak ), as there were numerous Basque sheepherders in the area.[16][17][18]", "There is a misconception that the state s name originated from the Spanish term \u00c1rida Zona ( Arid Zone ).[14]", "Find sources: Arizona \u2013 news \u00b7 newspapers \u00b7 books \u00b7 scholar \u00b7 JSTOR (February 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)", "Main article: History of Arizona", "The North Rim of the Grand Canyon", "The South Rim of the Grand Canyon", "For thousands of years before the modern era, Arizona was home to numerous Native American tribes. Hohokam, Mogollon and Ancestral Puebloan cultures were among the many that flourished throughout the state. Many of their pueblos, cliffside dwellings, rock paintings and other prehistoric treasures have survived, attracting thousands of tourists each year.", "La conquista del Colorado, by Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau, depicts Francisco V\u00e1zquez de Coronado s 1540\u20131542 expedition", "The first European contact by native peoples was with Marcos de Niza, a Spanish Franciscan, in 1539. He explored parts of the present state and made contact with native inhabitants, probably the Sobaipuri. The expedition of Spanish explorer Coronado entered the area in 1540\u20131542 during its search for C\u00edbola. Few Spanish settlers migrated to Arizona. One of the first settlers in Arizona was Jos\u00e9 Romo de Vivar.[19]", "Father Kino was the next European in the region. A member of the Society of Jesus ( Jesuits ), he led the development of a chain of missions in the region. He converted many of the Indians to Christianity in the Pimer\u00eda Alta (now southern Arizona and northern Sonora) in the 1690s and early 18th century. Spain founded presidios ( fortified towns ) at Tubac in 1752 and Tucson in 1775.", "When Mexico achieved its independence from the Kingdom of Spain and its Spanish Empire in 1821, what is now Arizona became part of its Territory of Nueva California, ( New California ), also known as Alta California ( Upper California ).[20] Descendants of ethnic Spanish and mestizo settlers from the colonial years still lived in the area at the time of the arrival of later European-American migrants from the United States.", "Mexico in 1824. Alta California is the northwestern-most state.", "During the Mexican\u2013American War (1847\u20131848), the U.S. Army occupied the national capital of Mexico City and pursued its claim to much of northern Mexico, including what later became Arizona Territory in 1863 and later the State of Arizona in 1912. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) specified that, in addition to language and cultural rights of the existing inhabitants of former Mexican citizens being considered as inviolable, the sum of US$15 million dollars in compensation (equivalent to $434,365,384.62 in 2018.) be paid to the Republic of Mexico.[21] In 1853, the U.S. acquired the land south below the Gila River from Mexico in the Gadsden Purchase along the southern border area as encompassing the best future southern route for a transcontinental railway.", "What is now known as the state of Arizona was initially administered by the United States government as part of the Territory of New Mexico until the southern part of that region seceded from the Union to form the Territory of Arizona.[22] This newly established territory was formally organized by the Confederate States government on Saturday, January 18, 1862, when President Jefferson Davis approved and signed An Act to Organize the Territory of Arizona,[23] marking the first official use of the name Territory of Arizona . The Southern territory supplied the Confederate government with men, horses, and equipment. Formed in 1862, Arizona scout companies served with the Confederate States Army during the Civil War. Arizona has the westernmost military engagement on record during the Civil War with the Battle of Picacho Pass.", "Geronimo (far right) and his Apache warriors fought against both Mexican and American settlers.", "The Federal government declared a new U.S. Arizona Territory, consisting of the western half of earlier New Mexico Territory, in Washington, D.C., on February 24, 1863. These new boundaries would later form the basis of the state. The first territorial capital, Prescott, was founded in 1864 following a gold rush to central Arizona.[24] The capital was later moved to Tucson, back to Prescott, and then to its final location in Phoenix in a series of controversial moves as different regions of the territory gained and lost political influence with the growth and development of the territory.[25]", "Although names including Gadsonia, Pimeria, Montezuma and Arizuma had been considered for the territory,[26] when 16th President Abraham Lincoln signed the final bill, it read Arizona, and that name was adopted. (Montezuma was not derived from the Aztec emperor, but was the sacred name of a divine hero to the Pima people of the Gila River Valley. It was probably considered\u2014and rejected\u2014for its sentimental value before Congress settled on the name Arizona. )", "Brigham Young, patriarchal leader of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Salt Lake City in Utah, sent Mormons to Arizona in the mid- to late 19th century. They founded Mesa, Snowflake, Heber, Safford, and other towns. They also settled in the Phoenix Valley (or Valley of the Sun ), Tempe, Prescott, and other areas. The Mormons settled what became northern Arizona and northern New Mexico. At the time these areas were located in a part of the former New Mexico Territory.", "Children of Depression-era migrant workers, Pinal County, 1937", "20th century to present[edit]", "During the Mexican Revolution from 1910 to 1920, several battles were fought in the Mexican towns just across the border from Arizona settlements. Throughout the revolution, numerous Arizonans enlisted in one of the several armies fighting in Mexico. Only two significant engagements took place on U.S. soil between U.S. and Mexican forces: Pancho Villa s 1916 Columbus Raid in New Mexico, and the Battle of Ambos Nogales in 1918 in Arizona. The Americans won the latter.", "After U.S. soldiers were fired on by Mexican federal troops, the American garrison launched an assault into Nogales, Mexico. The Mexicans eventually surrendered after both sides sustained heavy casualties. A few months earlier, just west of Nogales, an Indian War battle had occurred, considered the last engagement in the American Indian Wars, which lasted from 1775 to 1918. U.S. soldiers stationed on the border confronted Yaqui Indians who were using Arizona as a base to raid the nearby Mexican settlements, as part of their wars against Mexico.", "Arizona became a U.S. state on February 14, 1912. Arizona was the 48th state admitted to the U.S. and the last of the contiguous states to be admitted.", "Eleanor Roosevelt at the Gila River relocation center, April 23, 1943", "Cotton farming and copper mining, two of Arizona s most important statewide industries, suffered heavily during the Great Depression. But during the 1920s and even the 1930s, tourism began to develop as the important Arizonan industry it is today. Dude ranches, such as the K L Bar and Remuda in Wickenburg, along with the Flying V and Tanque Verde in Tucson, gave tourists the chance to take part in the flavor and activities of the Old West. Several upscale hotels and resorts opened during this period, some of which are still top tourist draws. They include the Arizona Biltmore Hotel in central Phoenix (opened 1929) and the Wigwam Resort on the west side of the Phoenix area (opened 1936).", "Arizona was the site of German POW camps during World War II and Japanese-American internment camps. Because of wartime fears of Japanese invasion of the West Coast, the government authorized the removal of all Japanese-American residents from western Washington, western Oregon, all of California, and western Arizona. From 1942 to 1945, they were forced to reside in internment camps built in the interior of the country. Many lost their homes and businesses in the process. The camps were abolished after World War II.", "The Phoenix-area German P.O.W. site was purchased after the war by the Maytag family (of major home appliance fame). It was developed as the site of the Phoenix Zoo. A Japanese-American internment camp was located on Mount Lemmon, just outside the state s southeastern city of Tucson. Another POW camp was located near the Gila River in eastern Yuma County.", "Arizona was also home to the Phoenix Indian School, one of several federal Indian boarding schools designed to assimilate Native American children into mainstream European-American culture. Children were often enrolled into these schools against the wishes of their parents and families. Attempts to suppress native identities included forcing the children to cut their hair, to take and use English names, to speak only English, and to practice Christianity rather than their native religions.[27]", "Numerous Native Americans from Arizona fought for the United States during World War II. Their experiences resulted in a rising activism in the postwar years to achieve better treatment and civil rights after their return to the state. After Maricopa County did not allow them to register to vote, in 1948 veteran Frank Harrison and Harry Austin, of the Mojave-Apache Tribe at Fort McDowell Indian Reservation, brought a legal suit, Harrison and Austin v. Laveen, to challenge this exclusion. The Arizona Supreme Court ruled in their favor.[9]", "Arizona s population grew tremendously with residential and business development after World War II, aided by the widespread use of air conditioning, which made the intensely hot summers more comfortable. According to the Arizona Blue Book (published by the Arizona Secretary of State s office each year), the state population in 1910 was 294,353. By 1970, it was 1,752,122. The percentage growth each decade averaged about 20% in the earlier decades, and about 60% each decade thereafter.", "In the 1960s, retirement communities were developed. These were special age-restricted subdivisions catering exclusively to the needs of senior citizens; they attracted many retirees who wanted to escape the harsh winters of the Midwest and the Northeast. Sun City, established by developer Del Webb and opened in 1960, was one of the first such communities. Green Valley, south of Tucson, was another such community, designed as a retirement subdivision for Arizona s teachers. Many senior citizens from across the U.S. and Canada come to Arizona each winter and stay only during the winter months; they are referred to as snowbirds.", "In March 2000, Arizona was the site of the first legally binding election ever held over the internet to nominate a candidate for public office.[28] In the 2000 Arizona Democratic Primary, under worldwide attention, Al Gore defeated Bill Bradley. Voter turnout in this state primary increased more than 500% over the 1996 primary.", "Three ships named USS Arizona have been christened in honor of the state, although only USS Arizona (BB-39) was so named after statehood was achieved.", "Geography and geology[edit]", "Main article: Geography of Arizona", "K\u00f6ppen climate types of Arizona", "West Mitten at Monument Valley", "Blue Mesa at Petrified Forest National Park", "The San Francisco Peaks seen from Bellemont", "Sonoran Desert at Saguaro National Park", "Cathedral Rock near Red Rock Crossing in Sedona", "See also lists of counties, islands, rivers, lakes, state parks, national parks, national forests, and volcanic craters.", "Arizona is in the Southwestern United States as one of the Four Corners states. Arizona is the sixth largest state by area, ranked after New Mexico and before Nevada. Of the state s 113,998 square miles (295,000 km2), approximately 15% is privately owned. The remaining area is public forest and park land, state trust land and Native American reservations.", "Arizona is well known for its desert Basin and Range region in the state s southern portions, which is rich in a landscape of xerophyte plants such as the cactus. This region s topography was shaped by prehistoric volcanism, followed by the cooling-off and related subsidence. Its climate has exceptionally hot summers and mild winters. The state is less well known for its pine-covered north-central portion of the high country of the Colorado Plateau (see Arizona Mountains forests).", "Like other states of the Southwest United States, Arizona has an abundance of mountains and plateaus. Despite the state s aridity, 27% of Arizona is forest,[29] a percentage comparable to modern-day France or Germany[citation needed]. The world s largest stand of ponderosa pine trees is in Arizona.[30]", "The Mogollon Rim, a 1,998-foot (609 m) escarpment, cuts across the state s central section and marks the southwestern edge of the Colorado Plateau. In 2002, this was an area of the Rodeo\u2013Chediski Fire, the worst fire in state history.", "Located in northern Arizona, the Grand Canyon is a colorful, deep, steep-sided gorge, carved by the Colorado River. The canyon is one of the seven natural wonders of the world and is largely contained in the Grand Canyon National Park\u2014one of the first national parks in the United States. President Theodore Roosevelt was a major proponent of designating the Grand Canyon area as a National Park, often visiting to hunt mountain lion and enjoy the scenery. The canyon was created by the Colorado River cutting a channel over millions of years, and is about 277 miles (446 km) long, ranges in width from 4 to 18 miles (6 to 29 km) and attains a depth of more than 1 mile (1.6 km). Nearly two billion years of the Earth s history have been exposed as the Colorado River and its tributaries cut through layer after layer of sediment as the Colorado Plateau uplifted.", "Arizona is home to one of the most well-preserved meteorite impact sites in the world. Created around 50,000 years ago, the Barringer Meteorite Crater (better known simply as Meteor Crater ) is a gigantic hole in the middle of the high plains of the Colorado Plateau, about 25 miles (40 km) west of Winslow. A rim of smashed and jumbled boulders, some of them the size of small houses, rises 150 feet (46 m) above the level of the surrounding plain. The crater itself is nearly 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) wide, and 570 feet (170 m) deep.", "Arizona is one of two U.S. states that does not observe Daylight Saving Time (the other being Hawaii). The exception is within the large Navajo Nation (which observes Daylight Saving Time), in the state s northeastern region.", "Earthquakes[edit]", "Generally, Arizona is at low risk of earthquakes, except for the southwestern portion which is at moderate risk due to its proximity to southern California. On the other hand, northern Arizona is at moderate risk due to numerous faults in the area. The regions near and west of Phoenix have the lowest risk.[31]", "The earliest Arizona earthquakes were recorded at Fort Yuma, on the California side of the Colorado River. They were centered near the Imperial Valley, or Mexico, back in the 1800s. Residents in Douglas felt the 1887 Sonora earthquake with its epicenter 40 miles to the south in the Mexican state of Sonora.[32] The first damaging earthquake known to be centered within Arizona occurred on January 25, 1906, also including a series of other earthquakes centered near Socorro, New Mexico. The shock was violent in Flagstaff.", "In September 1910, a series of 52 earthquakes caused a construction crew near Flagstaff to leave the area. In 1912, the year Arizona achieved statehood, on August 18, an earthquake caused a 50-mile crack in the San Francisco Range. In early January 1935, the state experienced a series of earthquakes, in the Yuma area and near the Grand Canyon. Arizona experienced its largest earthquake in 1959, with a tremor of a magnitude 5.6. It was centered near Fredonia, in the state s northwest near the border with Utah. The tremor was felt across the border in Nevada and Utah.[32]", "Adjacent states[edit]", "Utah (north)", "Colorado (northeast)", "Nevada (northwest)", "Sonora, Mexico (south)", "Baja California, Mexico (southwest)", "New Mexico (east)", "Due to its large area and variations in elevation, the state has a wide variety of localized climate conditions. In the lower elevations, the climate is primarily desert, with mild winters and extremely hot summers. Typically, from late fall to early spring, the weather is mild, averaging a minimum of 60 \u00b0F (16 \u00b0C). November through February are the coldest months, with temperatures typically ranging from 40 to 75 \u00b0F (4 to 24 \u00b0C), with occasional frosts.[33]", "About midway through February, the temperatures start to rise, with warm days, and cool, breezy nights. The summer months of June through September bring a dry heat from 90 to 120 \u00b0F (32 to 49 \u00b0C), with occasional high temperatures exceeding 125 \u00b0F (52 \u00b0C) having been observed in the desert area.[33] Arizona s all-time record high is 128 \u00b0F (53 \u00b0C) recorded at Lake Havasu City on June 29, 1994, and July 5, 2007; the all-time record low of \u221240 \u00b0F (\u221240 \u00b0C) was recorded at Hawley Lake on January 7, 1971.", "Due to the primarily dry climate, large diurnal temperature variations occur in less-developed areas of the desert above 2,500 ft (760 m). The swings can be as large as 83 \u00b0F (46 \u00b0C) in the summer months. In the state s urban centers, the effects of local warming result in much higher measured night-time lows than in the recent past.", "Arizona has an average annual rainfall of 12.7 in (323 mm),[34] which comes during two rainy seasons, with cold fronts coming from the Pacific Ocean during the winter and a monsoon in the summer.[35] The monsoon season occurs toward the end of summer. In July or August, the dewpoint rises dramatically for a brief period. During this time, the air contains large amounts of water vapor. Dewpoints as high as 81 \u00b0F (27 \u00b0C)[36] have been recorded during the Phoenix monsoon season. This hot moisture brings lightning, thunderstorms, wind, and torrential, if usually brief, downpours. These downpours often cause flash floods, which can turn deadly. In an attempt to deter drivers from crossing flooding streams, the Arizona Legislature enacted the Stupid Motorist Law. It is rare for tornadoes or hurricanes to occur in Arizona.", "Arizona s northern third is a plateau at significantly higher altitudes than the lower desert, and has an appreciably cooler climate, with cold winters and mild summers, though the climate remains semiarid to arid. Extremely cold temperatures are not unknown; cold air systems from the northern states and Canada occasionally push into the state, bringing temperatures below 0 \u00b0F (\u221218 \u00b0C) to the state s northern parts.", "Indicative of the variation in climate, Arizona is the state which has both the metropolitan area with the most days over 100 \u00b0F (38 \u00b0C) (Phoenix), and the metropolitan area in the lower 48 states with the most days with a low temperature below freezing (Flagstaff).[37]", "Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected cities in Arizona[38]", "December (\u00b0F)", "December (\u00b0C)", "Phoenix 106/83 41/28 66/45 19/7", "Tucson 100/74 38/23 65/39 18/4", "Yuma 107/82 42/28 68/46 20/8", "Flagstaff 81/51 27/11 42/17 6/\u20138", "Prescott 89/60 32/16 51/23 11/\u20135", "Kingman 98/66 37/19 56/32 13/0", "Main article: Demographics of Arizona", "A population density map of Arizona", "Sources: 1910\u20132010[39]", "Note that early censuses", "Native Americans in Arizona", "The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Arizona was 7,171,646 on July 1, 2018, a 12.20% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[40]", "Arizona remained sparsely settled for most of the 19th century.[41] The 1860 census reported the population of Arizona County to be 6,482, of whom 4,040 were listed as Indians , 21 as free colored , and 2,421 as white .[42][43] Arizona s continued population growth puts an enormous stress on the state s water supply.[44] As of 2011[update], 61.3% of Arizona s children under the age of 1 belonged to minority groups.[45]", "The population of metropolitan Phoenix increased by 45.3% from 1991 through 2001, helping to make Arizona the second fastest-growing state in the U.S. in the 1990s (the fastest was Nevada).[46] As of July 2017[update], the population of the Phoenix area is estimated to be over 4.7 million.", "According to the 2010 United States Census, Arizona had a population of 6,392,017. In 2010, illegal immigrants constituted an estimated 7.9% of the population. This was the second highest percentage of any state in the U.S.[47][48]", "Metropolitan Phoenix (4.7 million) and Tucson (1 million) are home to about five-sixths of Arizona s people (as of the 2010 census). Metro Phoenix alone accounts for two-thirds of the state s population.", "Race and ethnicity[edit]", "In 1980, the Census Bureau reported Arizona s population as 16.2% Hispanic, 5.6% Native American, and 74.5% non-Hispanic white.[49] In 2010, the racial makeup of the state was:", "4.6% Native American and Alaska Native", "4.1% Black or African American", "11.9% from some other race", "3.4% from two or more races.", "Hispanics or Latinos of any race made up 29.6% of the state s population. Non-Hispanic whites formed 57.8% of the total population.[50]", "Arizona racial breakdown of population", "White 90.6% 80.8% 75.5% 73.0%", "Native 5.4% 5.5% 5.0% 4.6%", "Black 3.0% 3.0% 3.1% 4.1%", "Native Hawaiian and", "other Pacific Islander \u2013 \u2013 0.1% 0.2%", "Other race 0.5% 9.1% 11.6% 11.9%", "Two or more races \u2013 \u2013 2.9% 3.4%", "Arizona s five largest ancestry groups, as of 2009[update], were:[54]", "Mexican (27.4%);", "German (16.0%);", "Irish (10.8%);", "English (10.1%);", "Italian (4.6%).", "Top 10 non-English languages spoken in Arizona", "(as of 2010)[55]", "Navajo 1.48%", "German 0.39%", "Vietnamese 0.30%", "Other North American indigenous languages (especially indigenous languages of Arizona) 0.27%", "French 0.26%", "Arabic 0.24%", "Apache 0.18%", "Extent of the Spanish language in the state of Arizona", "As of 2010[update], 72.90% (4,215,749) of Arizona residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a primary language, while 20.80% (1,202,638) spoke Spanish, 1.48% (85,602) Navajo, 0.39% (22,592) German, 0.39% (22,426) Chinese (which includes Mandarin), 0.33% (19,015) Tagalog, 0.30% (17,603) Vietnamese, 0.27% (15,707) Other North American Indigenous Languages (especially indigenous languages of Arizona), and French was spoken as a main language by 0.26% (15,062) of the population over the age of five. In total, 27.10% (1,567,548) of Arizona s population age 5 and older spoke a mother language other than English.[55]", "Arizona is home to the largest number of speakers of Native American languages in the 48 contiguous states, as over 85,000 individuals reported speaking Navajo,[56] and 10,403 people reported Apache, as a language spoken at home in 2005.[56] Arizona s Apache County has the highest concentration of speakers of Native American Indian languages in the United States.[57]", "View of suburban development in Scottsdale, 2006", "Art Deco doors of the Cochise County Courthouse in Bisbee", "See also: List of places in Arizona, List of cities and towns in Arizona, and List of Arizona counties", "Phoenix, located in Maricopa County, is the capital and the largest city in Arizona. Other prominent cities in the Phoenix metro area include Mesa (the third largest city in Arizona), Chandler (the fourth largest city in Arizona), Glendale, Peoria, Buckeye, Sun City, Sun City West, Fountain Hills, Surprise, Gilbert, El Mirage, Avondale, Tempe, Tolleson and Scottsdale, with a total metropolitan population of just over 4.7 million.[58] The average high temperature in July, 106 \u00b0F (41 \u00b0C), is one of the highest of any metropolitan area in the United States, offset by an average January high temperature of 67 \u00b0F (19 \u00b0C), the basis of its winter appeal.", "Tucson, with a metro population of just over one million, is the state s second-largest city. It is located in Pima County, approximately 110 miles (180 km) southeast of Phoenix. Tucson was incorporated in 1877, making it the oldest incorporated city in Arizona. It is home to the University of Arizona. Major incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. It has an average July temperature of 100 \u00b0F (38 \u00b0C) and winter temperatures averaging 65 \u00b0F (18 \u00b0C). Saguaro National Park, just west of the city in the Tucson Mountains, is the locale of the largest collection of Saguaro cacti in the world.", "The Prescott metropolitan area includes the cities of Prescott, Cottonwood, Camp Verde and numerous other towns spread out over the 8,123 square miles (21,000 km2) of Yavapai County area. With 212,635 residents, this cluster of towns forms the third largest metropolitan area in the state. The city of Prescott (population 41,528) lies approximately 100 miles (160 km) northwest of the Phoenix metropolitan area. Situated in pine tree forests at an elevation of about 5,500 feet (1,700 m), Prescott enjoys a much cooler climate than Phoenix, with average summer highs around 88 \u00b0F (31 \u00b0C) and winter temperatures averaging 50 \u00b0F (10 \u00b0C).", "Yuma is center of the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Arizona. Located in Yuma County, it is near the borders of California and Mexico. It is one of the hottest cities in the United States, with an average July high of 107 \u00b0F (42 \u00b0C). (The same month s average in Death Valley is 115 \u00b0F (46 \u00b0C).) The city features sunny days about 90% of the year. The Yuma Metropolitan Statistical Area has a population of 160,000. Yuma attracts many winter visitors from all over the United States.", "Flagstaff, in Coconino County, is the largest city in northern Arizona, and is at an elevation of nearly 7,000 feet (2,100 m). With its large Ponderosa pine forests, snowy winter weather and picturesque mountains, it is a stark contrast to the desert regions typically associated with Arizona. It is sited at the base of the San Francisco Peaks, the highest mountain range in the state of Arizona, which contain Humphreys Peak, the highest point in Arizona at 12,633 feet (3,851 m). Flagstaff has a strong tourism sector, due to its proximity to numerous tourist attractions including: Grand Canyon National Park, Sedona, and Oak Creek Canyon. Historic U.S. Route 66 is the main east-west street in the town. The Flagstaff metropolitan area is home to 134,421 residents and the main campus of Northern Arizona University.", "Lake Havasu City, in Mohave County, known as Arizona s playground, was developed on the Colorado River and is named after Lake Havasu. Lake Havasu City has a population of about 53,000 people. It is famous for huge spring break parties, sunsets and the London Bridge, relocated from London, England. Lake Havasu City was founded by real estate developer Robert P. McCulloch in 1963.[59] It has two colleges, Mohave Community College and ASU Colleges in Lake Havasu City.[60]", "Largest cities or towns in Arizona", "Tucson 1 Phoenix Maricopa 1,626,078 11 Yuma Yuma 95,502", "2 Tucson Pima 535,677 12 San Tan Valley Pinal 93,000", "3 Mesa Maricopa 496,401 13 Avondale Maricopa 84,025", "4 Chandler Maricopa 253,458 14 Goodyear Maricopa 79,858", "5 Scottsdale Maricopa 249,950 15 Casas Adobes Pima 74,000", "6 Glendale Maricopa 246,709 16 Flagstaff Coconino 71,975", "7 Gilbert Maricopa 242,354 17 Buckeye Maricopa 68,453", "8 Tempe Maricopa 185,038 18 Casa Grande Pinal 55,477", "9 Peoria Maricopa 168,181 19 Lake Havasu City Mohave 54,411", "10 Surprise Maricopa 134,085 20 Catalina Foothills Pima 54,000", "The Spanish mission of San Xavier del Bac, founded in 1700", "Religion in Arizona (2014)[62]", "As of the year 2010, the Association of Religion Data Archives reported that the three largest denominational groups in Arizona were the Catholic Church, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints and non-denominational Evangelical Protestants. The Catholic Church has the highest number of adherents in Arizona (at 930,001), followed by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with 410,263 members reported[63] and then non-denominational Evangelical Protestants, reporting 281,105 adherents.[64] The religious body with the largest number of congregations is The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (with 836 congregations[65]) followed by the Southern Baptist Convention (with 323 congregations).", "According to the Association of Religion Data Archives, the fifteen largest denominations by number of adherents in 2010 and 2000 were:[66][67]", "Catholic Church 930,001 974,884", "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 410,263 251,974", "Non-denominational Christian 281,105 63,885[nb 1]", "Southern Baptist Convention 126,830 138,516", "Assemblies of God 123,713 82,802", "United Methodist Church 54,977 53,232", "Christian Churches and Churches of Christ 48,386 33,162", "Evangelical Lutheran Church in America 42,944 69,393", "Lutheran Church\u2013Missouri Synod 26,322 24,977", "Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) 26,078 33,554", "Episcopal Church (United States) 24,853 31,104", "Seventh-day Adventist Church 20,924 11,513", "Church of the Nazarene 16,991 18,143", "Lutheran Congregations in Mission for Christ 14,350 0", "Churches of Christ 14,151 14,471", "Regarding non-Christian denominations, Hinduism became the largest non-Christian religion (when combining all denominations) in 2010, with over 32,000 adherents in several denominations, followed by Judaism with over 20,000 in three denominations, and Buddhism with over 19,000 adherents in several denominations.[66][68][69]", "Arizona s Meteor Crater is a tourist attraction.", "See also: Arizona locations by per capita income", "The 2011 total gross state product was $259 billion. This figure gives Arizona a larger economy than such countries as Ireland, Finland, and New Zealand. The composition of the state s economy is moderately diverse; although health care, transportation and the government remain the largest sectors.", "The state s per capita income is $40,828, ranking 39th in the U.S. The state had a median household income of $50,448, making it 22nd in the country and just below the U.S. national mean.[70] Early in its history, Arizona s economy relied on the five C s : copper (see Copper mining in Arizona), cotton, cattle, citrus, and climate (tourism). Copper is still extensively mined from many expansive open-pit and underground mines, accounting for two-thirds of the nation s output.", "Employment[edit]", "The state government is Arizona s largest employer, while Banner Health is the state s largest private employer, with over 39,000 employees (2016). As of March 2016[update], the state s unemployment rate was 5.4%.[71]", "The top employment sectors in Arizona are (August 2014, excludes agriculture):", "Employees (thousands)", "Trade, transportation, and utilities 488.6", "Government 408.5", "Education and health services 392.1", "Professional and business services 384.2", "Leisure and hospitality 286.4", "Financial activities 193.2", "Manufacturing 156.0", "Other services 88.2", "Information 41.8", "Mining and logging 13.7", "Largest employers[edit]", "According to The Arizona Republic, the largest private employers in the state as of 2016[update] were:[72]", "1 Banner Health 39,781 Health care", "2 Walmart Stores, Inc. 34,856 Discount retailer", "3 Kroger Co. 16,856 Grocery stores", "4 McDonald s Corp. 15,781 Food service", "5 Wells Fargo & Co. 15,071 Financial services", "6 Albertsons Inc. 14,490 Grocery stores, retail drugstores", "7 Intel Corp. 11,300 Semiconductor manufacturing", "8 HonorHealth 10,600 Health care", "9 (tie) American Airlines 10,000 Airline", "Home Depot Inc. 10,000 Retail home improvement", "Honeywell International Inc. 10,000 Aerospace manufacturing", "12 Bank of America Corp. 9,800 Financial services", "13 Raytheon Co. 9,600 Defense (missile manufacturing)", "14 JP Morgan Chase & Co. 9,500 Financial services", "15 Bashas Supermarkets 8,525 Grocery stores", "16 Target Corp. 8,241 Discount retailer", "17 Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. 8,030 Mining", "18 Dignity Health 8,000 Health care", "19 CVS Health 7,200 Pharmaceutical services (including retail drugstores)", "20 American Express Co. 7,079 Financial services", "21 Circle K Corp. 6,800 Convenience stores", "22 UnitedHealthcare 6,000 Health care", "23 Pinnacle West Capital Corp. 6,407 Electric utility", "24 Mayo Foundation 6,274 Health care", "25 Amazon.com 6,000 Online Shopping", "Arizona collects personal income taxes in five brackets: 2.59%, 2.88%, 3.36%, 4.24% and 4.54%.[73] The state transaction privilege tax is 5.6%; however, county and municipal sales taxes generally add an additional 2%.", "The state rate on transient lodging (hotel/motel) is 7.27%. The state of Arizona does not levy a state tax on food for home consumption or on drugs prescribed by a licensed physician or dentist. However, some cities in Arizona do levy a tax on food for home consumption.", "All fifteen Arizona counties levy a tax. Incorporated municipalities also levy transaction privilege taxes which, with the exception of their hotel/motel tax, are generally in the range of 1-to-3%. These added assessments could push the combined sales tax rate to as high as 10.7%.", "0 \u2013 $10,000 2.590% 0 \u2013 $20,000 2.590%", "$10,000 \u2013 $25,000 2.880% $20,001 \u2013 $50,000 2.880%", "$25,000 \u2013 $50,000 3.360% $50,001 \u2013 $100,000 3.360%", "$50,000 \u2013 $150,001 4.240% $100,000 \u2013 $300,001 4.240%", "$150,001 + 4.540% $300,001 + 4.540%", "Main article: Transportation in Arizona", "Entering Arizona on I-10 from New Mexico", "Interstate highways[edit]", "I-8 | I-10 | Future I-11 | I-15 | I\u201117 | I\u201119 | I-40", "U.S. routes[edit]", "US 60 | US 64 | US 70 | US 89 | US 91 | US 93 | US 95 | US 160 | US 163 | US 180 | US 191", "Main interstate routes include I-17, and I-19 traveling north-south, I-8, I-10, and I-40, traveling east-west, and a short stretch of I-15 traveling northeast\u2013southwest through the extreme northwestern corner of the state. In addition, the various urban areas are served by complex networks of state routes and highways, such as the Loop 101, which is part of Phoenix s vast freeway system.", "Public transportation, Amtrak, and intercity bus[edit]", "The Phoenix and Tucson metropolitan areas are served by public bus transit systems. Yuma and Flagstaff also have public bus systems. Greyhound Lines serves Phoenix, Tucson, Flagstaff, Yuma, and several smaller communities statewide.", "A Navajo man on horseback in Monument Valley", "A light rail system, called Valley Metro Rail, was completed in December 2008; it connects Central Phoenix with the nearby cities of Mesa and Tempe.", "In Tucson, the Sun Link streetcar system travels through the downtown area, connecting the main University of Arizona campus with Mercado San Agustin on the western edge of downtown Tucson. Sun Link, loosely based on the Portland Streetcar, launched in July 2014.[74]", "Amtrak Southwest Chief route serves the northern part of the state, stopping at Winslow, Flagstaff, Williams and Kingman. The Texas Eagle and Sunset Limited routes serve South-Central Arizona, stopping at Tucson, Maricopa, Yuma and Benson. Phoenix lost Amtrak service in 1996 with the discontinuation of the Desert Wind, and now an Amtrak bus runs between Phoenix and the station in Maricopa.", "See also: List of passenger train stations in Arizona", "See also: List of airports in Arizona", "Airports with regularly scheduled commercial flights include: Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (IATA: PHX, ICAO: KPHX) in Phoenix (the largest airport and the major international airport in the state); Tucson International Airport (IATA: TUS, ICAO: KTUS) in Tucson; Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport (IATA: AZA, ICAO: KIWA) in Mesa; Yuma International Airport (IATA: NYL, ICAO: KNYL) in Yuma; Prescott Municipal Airport (PRC) in Prescott; Flagstaff Pulliam Airport (IATA: FLG, ICAO: KFLG) in Flagstaff, and Grand Canyon National Park Airport (IATA: GCN, ICAO: KGCN, FAA: GCN), a small, but busy, single-runway facility providing tourist flights, mostly from Las Vegas. Phoenix Sky Harbor is currently 7th busiest airport in the world in terms of aircraft movements, and 17th for passenger traffic.[75][76]", "Other significant airports without regularly scheduled commercial flights include Scottsdale Municipal Airport (IATA: SCF, ICAO: KSDL) in Scottsdale, and Deer Valley Airport (IATA: DVT, ICAO: KDVT, FAA: DVT) home to two flight training academies and the nation s busiest general aviation airport.[77]", "Main article: Government of Arizona", "See also: Arizona Constitution, United States congressional delegations from Arizona, List of Arizona Governors, Political party strength in Arizona, and Arizona Revised Statutes", "Capitol complex[edit]", "The original Arizona State Capitol, Phoenix", "The state capital of Arizona is Phoenix. The original Capitol building, with its distinctive copper dome, was dedicated in 1901 (construction was completed for $136,000 in 1900), when the area was still a territory. Phoenix became the official state capital with Arizona s admission to the union in 1912.", "The House of Representatives and Senate buildings were dedicated in 1960, and an Executive Office Building was dedicated in 1974 (the ninth floor of this building is where the Office of the Governor is located). The original Capitol building was converted into a museum.", "The Capitol complex is fronted and highlighted by the richly landscaped Wesley Bolin Memorial Plaza, named after Wesley Bolin, a governor who died in office in the 1970s. Numerous monuments and memorials are on the site, including the anchor and signal mast from the USS Arizona (one of the U.S. Navy ships sunk in Pearl Harbor) and a granite version of the Ten Commandments.", "State legislative branch[edit]", "The Arizona Legislature is bicameral (like the legislature of every other state except Nebraska) and consists of a thirty-member Senate and a 60-member House of Representatives. Each of the thirty legislative districts has one senator and two representatives. Legislators are elected for two-year terms.", "Each Legislature covers a two-year period. The first session following the general election is known as the first regular session, and the session convening in the second year is known as the second regular session. Each regular session begins on the second Monday in January and adjourns sine die (terminates for the year) no later than Saturday of the week in which the 100th day from the beginning of the regular session falls. The President of the Senate and Speaker of the House, by rule, may extend the session up to seven additional days. Thereafter, the session can only be extended by a majority vote of members present of each house.", "The current majority party is the Republican Party, which has held power in both houses since 1993.", "Arizona state senators and representatives are elected for two-year terms and are limited to four consecutive terms in a chamber, though there is no limit on the total number of terms. When a lawmaker is term-limited from office, it is not uncommon for him or her to run for election in the other chamber.", "The fiscal year 2006\u201307 general fund budget, approved by the Arizona Legislature in June 2006, is slightly less than $10 billion. Besides the money spent on state agencies, it also includes more than $500 million in income- and property tax cuts, pay raises for government employees, and additional funding for the K\u201312 education system.", "State executive branch[edit]", "State of Arizona elected officials", "Governor Doug Ducey (R)", "Secretary of State Katie Hobbs (D)", "Attorney General Mark Brnovich (R)", "State Treasurer Kimberley Yee (R)", "Superintendent of Public Instruction Kathy Hoffman (D)", "State Mine Inspector Joe Hart (R)", "Corporation Commissioner", "Sandra Kennedy (D)", "Bob Burns (R)", "Boyd Dunn (R)", "Justin Olson (R)", "Arizona s executive branch is headed by a governor, who is elected to a four-year term. The governor may serve any number of terms, though no more than two in a row. Arizona is one of the few states that does not maintain a governor s mansion. During office the governors reside within their private residence, and all executive offices are housed in the executive tower at the state capitol. The current governor of Arizona is Doug Ducey (R).", "Former Governor Jan Brewer assumed office after Janet Napolitano had her nomination by Barack Obama for Secretary of Homeland Security confirmed by the United States Senate.[78] Arizona has had four female governors, more than any other state.", "Other elected executive officials include the Secretary of State, State Treasurer, State Attorney General, Superintendent of Public Instruction, State Mine Inspector and a five-member Corporation Commission. All elected officials hold a term of four years, and are limited to two consecutive terms (except the office of the State Mine Inspector, which is limited to 4 terms[79]).", "Arizona is one of five states that do not have a specified lieutenant governor. The secretary of state is the first in line to succeed the governor in the event of death, disability, resignation, or removal from office. The line of succession also includes the attorney general, state treasurer and superintendent of public instruction. Since 1977, four secretaries of state and one attorney general have risen to Arizona s governorship through these means.", "State judicial branch[edit]", "The Arizona Supreme Court is the highest court in Arizona. The court currently consists of one chief justice, a vice chief justice, and three associate justices. Justices are appointed by the governor from a list recommended by a bipartisan commission, and are re-elected after the initial two years following their appointment. Subsequent re-elections occur every six years. The supreme court has appellate jurisdiction in death penalty cases, but almost all other appellate cases go through the Arizona Court of Appeals beforehand. The court has original jurisdiction in a few other circumstances, as outlined in the state constitution. The court may also declare laws unconstitutional, but only while seated en banc. The court meets in the Arizona Supreme Court Building at the capitol complex (at the southern end of Wesley Bolin Plaza).", "The Arizona Court of Appeals, further divided into two divisions, is the intermediate court in the state. Division One is based in Phoenix, consists of sixteen judges, and has jurisdiction in the Western and Northern regions of the state, along with the greater Phoenix area. Division Two is based in Tucson, consists of six judges, and has jurisdiction over the Southern regions of the state, including the Tucson area. Judges are selected in a method similar to the one used for state supreme court justices.", "Each county of Arizona has a superior court, the size and organization of which are varied and generally depend on the size of the particular county.", "Arizona is divided into political jurisdictions designated as counties. There are 15 counties in the state, ranging in size from 1,238 square miles (3,210 km2) to 18,661 square miles (48,330 km2).", "2010 population[80]", "Area (sq. mi.)", "Apache St. Johns 1879 71,518 1.12 % 11,218 9.84 %", "Cochise Bisbee 1881 131,346 2.05 % 6,219 5.46 %", "Coconino Flagstaff 1891 134,421 2.10 % 18,661 16.37 %", "Gila Globe 1881 53,597 0.84 % 4,796 4.21 %", "Graham Safford 1881 37,220 0.58 % 4,641 4.07 %", "Greenlee Clifton 1909 8,437 0.13 % 1,848 1.62 %", "La Paz Parker 1983 20,489 0.32 % 4,513 3.96 %", "Maricopa Phoenix 1871 3,817,117 59.72 % 9,224 8.09 %", "Mohave Kingman 1864 200,186 3.13 % 13,470 11.82 %", "Navajo Holbrook 1895 107,449 1.68 % 9,959 8.74 %", "Pima Tucson 1864 980,263 15.34 % 9,189 8.06 %", "Pinal Florence 1875 375,770 5.88 % 5,374 4.71 %", "Santa Cruz Nogales 1899 47,420 0.74 % 1,238 1.09 %", "Yavapai Prescott 1864 211,033 3.30 % 8,128 7.13 %", "Yuma Yuma 1864 195,751 3.06 % 5,519 4.84 %", "Totals: 15 6,392,017 113,997", "Federal representation[edit]", "Arizona s two United States Senators are Kyrsten Sinema (D) and Martha McSally (R). McSally was appointed by Governor Ducey to succeed acting senator Jon Kyl to fill the spot formerly occupied by the late six-term senior Senator John McCain, who died August 25, 2018. Senator McSally, will serve in office until a special election in 2020.", "As of the start of the 115th Congress, Arizona s representatives in the United States House of Representatives are Tom O Halleran (D-1), Ann Kirkpatrick (D-2), Raul Grijalva (D-3), Paul Gosar (R-4), Andy Biggs (R-5), David Schweikert (R-6), Ruben Gallego (D-7), Debbie Lesko (R-8), and Greg Stanton (D-9). Arizona gained a ninth seat in the House of Representatives due to redistricting based on Census 2010.", "2016 49.15% 1,240,656 45.35% 1,144,709", "See also: Elections in Arizona, Political party strength in Arizona", "Voter registration and party enrollment as of October 28, 2016[update][81]", "Republican 1,239,614 34.54%", "Independent 1,219,297 33.98%", "Democratic 1,091,323 30.41%", "Libertarian Party 31,358 0.87%", "Green Party 6,894 0.19%", "Party registration by county:", "Democrat >= 30%", "Republican >= 30%", "Unaffiliated\u2014<30%", "From statehood through the late 1940s, Arizona was primarily dominated by the Democratic Party. During this time period, the Democratic candidate for the presidency carried the state each election, with the only exceptions being the elections of 1920, 1924 and 1928\u2014all three of which were national Republican landslides.", "In 1924, Congress had passed a law granting citizenship and suffrage to all Native Americans, some of whom had previously been excluded as members of tribes on reservations. Legal interpretations of Arizona s constitution prohibited Native Americans living on reservations from voting, classifying them as being under guardianship. [9] This interpretation was overturned as being incorrect and unconstitutional in 1948 by the Arizona Supreme Court, following a suit by World War II Indian veterans Frank Harrison and Harry Austin, both of the Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation. The landmark case is Harrison and Austin v. Laveen. After the men were refused the opportunity to register in Maricopa County, they filed suit against the registrar. The National Congress of American Indians, the Department of Justice, the Department of the Interior, and the American Civil Liberties Union all filed amicus curiae (friends of the court) briefs in the case. The State Supreme Court established the rights of Native Americans to vote in the state; at the time, they comprised about 11% of the population.[9] That year, a similar provision was overturned in New Mexico when challenged by another Indian veteran in court. These were the only two states that had continued to prohibit Native Americans from voting.[8][9]", "Since the election of Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952, the majority of state voters have favored Republicans in presidential elections. Arizona voted Republican in every presidential election from 1952 to 1992, with Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan winning the state by particularly large margins. During this forty-year span, it was the only state not to be carried by a Democrat at least once.", "Democrat Lyndon Johnson, in 1964, lost the state by less than 5,000 votes to Arizona Senator and native Barry Goldwater. (This was the most closely contested state in what was otherwise a landslide victory for Johnson that year.) Democrat Bill Clinton ended this streak in 1996, when he won Arizona by a little over two percentage points (Clinton had previously come within less than two percent of winning Arizona s electoral votes in 1992). Since then, the majority of the state has continued to support Republican presidential candidates by solid margins.", "Since the late 20th century, the Republican Party has also dominated Arizona politics in general. The fast-growing Phoenix and Tucson suburbs became increasingly friendly to Republicans from the 1950s onward. During this time, many Pinto Democrats, or conservative Democrats from rural areas, became increasingly willing to support Republicans at the state and national level. While the state normally supports Republicans at the federal level, Democrats are often competitive in statewide elections. Two of the last six governors have been Democrats.", "On March 4, 2008, Senator John McCain effectively clinched the Republican nomination for 2008, becoming the first presidential nominee from the state since Barry Goldwater in 1964.", "Arizona politics are dominated by a longstanding rivalry between its two largest counties, Maricopa and Pima\u2014home to Phoenix and Tucson, respectively. The two counties have almost 75 percent of the state s population and cast almost 80 percent of the state s vote. They also elect a substantial majority of the state legislature.", "Maricopa County is home to almost 60 percent of the state s population, and most of the state s elected officials live there. It has voted Republican in every presidential election since 1948. This includes the 1964 run of native son Barry Goldwater; he would not have carried his home state without his 20,000-vote margin in Maricopa County. Similarly, while McCain won Arizona by eight percentage points in 2008, aided by his 130,000-vote margin in Maricopa County.", "In contrast, Pima County, home to Tucson, and most of southern Arizona have historically voted more Democratic. While Tucson s suburbs lean Republican, they hold to a somewhat more moderate brand of Republicanism than is common in the Phoenix area.", "Arizona rejected a same-sex marriage ban in a referendum as part of the 2006 elections. Arizona was the first state in the nation to do so. Same-sex marriage was not recognized in Arizona, but this amendment would have denied any legal or financial benefits to unmarried homosexual or heterosexual couples.[82] In 2008, Arizona voters passed Proposition 102, an amendment to the state constitution to define marriage as a union of one man and one woman. It passed by a more narrow majority than similar votes in a number of other states.[83]", "In 2010, Arizona passed SB 1070, called the toughest illegal immigration legislation in the nation. A fierce debate erupted between supporters and detractors of the law.[84]", "The United States Supreme Court heard arguments March 18, 2013, regarding the validity of the Arizona law, which requires individuals to show documents proving U.S. citizenship in order to register to vote in national elections.[85]", "Same-sex marriage and Civil unions[edit]", "In 2006, Arizona became the first state in the United States to reject a proposition, Prop 107, that would have banned same-sex marriage and civil unions.[86] However, in 2008, Arizona voters approved of Prop 102, a constitutional amendment that prohibited same-sex marriage but not other unions.[87] Prior to same-sex marriage being legal, the City of Bisbee became the first jurisdiction in Arizona to approve of civil unions.[88] The state s Attorney General at the time, Tom Horne, threatened to sue, but rescinded the threat once Bisbee amended the ordinance; Bisbee approved of civil unions in 2013.[89] The municipalities of Clarkdale, Cottonwood, Jerome, Sedona, and Tucson also passed civil unions.[90]", "A November 2011 Public Policy Polling survey found that 44% of Arizona voters supported the legalization of same-sex marriage, while 45% opposed it and 12% were not sure. A separate question on the same survey found that 72% of respondents supported legal recognition of same-sex couples, with 40% supporting same-sex marriage, 32% supporting civil unions, 27% opposing all legal recognition and 1% not sure. Arizona Proposition 102, known by its supporters as the Marriage Protection Amendment, appeared as a legislatively referred constitutional amendment on the November 4, 2008 ballot in Arizona, where it was approved: 56.2%\u201343%. It amended the Arizona Constitution to define marriage as between one man and one woman.[91]", "On October 17, 2014, Arizona Attorney General Tom Horne announced that his office would no longer object to same-sex marriage, in response to a U.S. District Court Ruling on Arizona Proposition 102. On that day, each county s Clerk of the Superior Court began to issue same-sex marriage licenses, and Arizona became the 31st state to legalize same-sex marriage.", "Elementary and secondary education[edit]", "Public schools in Arizona are separated into about 220 local school districts which operate independently, but are governed in most cases by elected county school superintendents; these are in turn overseen by the Arizona State Board of Education (a division of the Arizona Department of Education) and the state Superintendent of Public Instruction (elected in partisan elections every even-numbered year when there is not a presidential election, for a four-year term). In 2005, a School District Redistricting Commission was established with the goal of combining and consolidating many of these districts.", "The University of Arizona (the Mall) located in Tucson", "Arizona State University (a biodesign building) located in Tempe", "Northern Arizona University (The Skydome) located in Flagstaff", "Arizona is served by three public universities: The University of Arizona, Arizona State University, and Northern Arizona University. These schools are governed by the Arizona Board of Regents.", "Private higher education in Arizona is dominated by a large number of for-profit and chain (multi-site) universities.[92]", "Embry\u2013Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott and Prescott College are Arizona s only non-profit four-year private colleges.[93]", "Arizona has a wide network of two-year vocational schools and community colleges. These colleges were governed historically by a separate statewide Board of Directors but, in 2002, the state legislature transferred almost all oversight authority to individual community college districts.[94] The Maricopa County Community College District includes 11 community colleges throughout Maricopa County and is one of the largest in the nation.", "Public universities in Arizona[edit]", "Arizona State University, (Sun Devils) Tempe/Phoenix/Mesa/Glendale/Lake Havasu", "Northern Arizona University, (Lumberjacks) Flagstaff/Yuma/Prescott", "University of Arizona, (Wildcats) Tucson/Sierra Vista, M.D. college in downtown Phoenix and UA Agricultural Center in Yuma/Maricopa", "Private colleges and universities in Arizona[edit]", "Art Institute of Tucson", "Art Institute of Phoenix", "International Baptist College", "Penn Foster College[95]", "Community colleges[edit]", "Maricopa County Community College District", "Rio Salado Community College", "Art and culture[edit]", "Visual arts and museums[edit]", "See also: List of museums in Arizona", "Phoenix Art Museum, located on the historic Central Avenue corridor in Phoenix, is the Southwest s largest collection of visual art from across the world. The museum displays international exhibitions alongside the museum s collection of more than 18,000 works of American, Asian, European, Latin American, Western American, modern and contemporary art, and fashion design. With a community education mandate since 1951, Phoenix Art Museum holds a year-round program of festivals, live performances, independent art films and educational programs. The museum also has PhxArtKids, an interactive space for children; photography exhibitions through the museum s partnership with the Center for Creative Photography; the landscaped Sculpture Garden and dining at Arcadia Farms.", "Arizona is a recognized center of Native American art, with a number of galleries showcasing historical and contemporary works. The Heard Museum, also located in Phoenix, is a major repository of Native American art. Some of the signature exhibits include a full Navajo hogan, the Mareen Allen Nichols Collection containing 260 pieces of contemporary jewelry, the Barry Goldwater Collection of 437 historic Hopi kachina dolls, and an exhibit on the 19th century boarding school experiences of Native Americans. The Heard Museum has about 250,000 visitors a year.", "Sedona, Jerome, and Tubac are known as a budding artist colonies, and small arts scenes exist in the larger cities and near the state universities.", "See also: List of films shot in Arizona", "View of Monument Valley from John Ford s Point", "Several major Hollywood films, such as Billy Jack, U Turn, Waiting to Exhale, Just One of the Guys, Can t Buy Me Love, Bill & Ted s Excellent Adventure, The Scorpion King, The Banger Sisters, Used Cars, and Raising Arizona have been made there (as have many Westerns). The 1993 science fiction movie Fire in the Sky, based on a reported alien abduction in the town of Snowflake, was set in Snowflake. It was filmed in the Oregon towns of Oakland, Roseburg, and Sutherlin.", "The 1974 film Alice Doesn t Live Here Anymore, for which Ellen Burstyn won the Academy Award for Best Actress, and also starring Kris Kristofferson, was set in Tucson. The climax of the 1977 Clint Eastwood film The Gauntlet takes place in downtown Phoenix. The final segments of the 1984 film Starman take place at Meteor Crater outside Winslow. The Jeff Foxworthy comedy documentary movie Blue Collar Comedy Tour was filmed almost entirely at the Dodge Theatre. Some of Alfred Hitchcock s classic film Psycho was shot in Phoenix, the ostensible home town of the main character.", "Some of the television shows filmed or set in Arizona include The New Dick Van Dyke Show, Medium, Alice, The First 48, Insomniac with Dave Attell, Cops, and America s Most Wanted. The TV sitcom Alice, which was based on the movie was set in Phoenix. Twilight had passages set in Phoenix at the beginning and the end of the film.", "Main article: Music of Arizona", "Arizona is prominently featured in the lyrics of many Country and Western songs, such as Jamie O Neal s hit ballad There Is No Arizona . George Strait s Oceanfront Property uses ocean front property in Arizona as a metaphor for a sucker proposition. The line see you down in Arizona Bay is used in a Tool song in reference to the possibility (expressed as a hope by comedian Bill Hicks) that Southern California will one day fall into the ocean. Glen Campbell, a notable resident, popularized the song By The Time I Get To Phoenix .", "Standin on the Corner Park and mural in Winslow, Arizona", "Arizona was the title of a popular song recorded by Mark Lindsay. Arizona is mentioned by the hit song Take It Easy , written by Jackson Browne and Glenn Frey and performed by the Eagles. Arizona is also mentioned in the Beatles song Get Back , credited to John Lennon and Paul McCartney; McCartney sings: JoJo left his home in Tucson, Arizona, for some California grass. Carefree Highway , released in 1974 by Gordon Lightfoot, takes its name from Arizona State Route 74 north of Phoenix.[96]", "Arizona s budding music scene is helped by emerging bands, as well as some well-known artists. The Gin Blossoms, Chronic Future, Roger Clyne and the Peacemakers, Jimmy Eat World, Caroline s Spine, and others began their careers in Arizona. Also, a number of punk and rock bands got their start in Arizona, including JFA, The Feederz, Sun City Girls, The Meat Puppets, The Maine, The Summer Set, and more recently Authority Zero and Digital Summer.", "Arizona also has many singers and other musicians. Singer, songwriter and guitarist Michelle Branch is from Sedona. The late Chester Bennington, the former lead vocalist of Linkin Park, and mash-up artist DJ Z-Trip are both from Phoenix. One of Arizona s better known musicians is shock rocker Alice Cooper, who helped define the genre. Maynard James Keenan, the lead singer of the bands Tool, A Perfect Circle, and Puscifer, calls the town of Cornville his current home.", "Other notable singers include country singers Dierks Bentley and Marty Robbins, folk singer Katie Lee, Fleetwood Mac s Stevie Nicks, CeCe Peniston, Rex Allen, 2007 American Idol winner Jordin Sparks, and Linda Ronstadt.", "Arizona is also known for its heavy metal scene, which is centered in and around Phoenix. In the early to mid-1990s, it included bands such as Job for a Cowboy, Knights of the Abyss, Greeley Estates, Eyes Set To Kill, blessthefall, The Word Alive, The Dead Rabbitts, and Abigail Williams. The band Soulfly calls Phoenix home and Megadeth lived in Phoenix for about a decade. Beginning in and around 2009, Phoenix began to host a burgeoning desert rock and sludge metal underground, (ala Kyuss in 1990s California) led by bands like Wolves of Winter, Asimov and Dead Canyon.", "American composer Elliott Carter composed his first String Quartet (1950\u201351) while on sabbatical (from New York) in Arizona. The quartet won a Pulitzer Prize and other awards and is now a staple of the string quartet repertoire.[citation needed]", "Main article: Sports in Arizona", "Professional sports teams in Arizona include:", "Arizona Cardinals American football National Football League 2 (1925, 1947)", "Arizona Hotshots American football Alliance of American Football 0", "Phoenix Suns Basketball National Basketball Association 0", "Arizona Diamondbacks Baseball Major League Baseball 1 (2001)", "Arizona Coyotes Ice hockey National Hockey League 0", "Arizona Rattlers Indoor football Indoor Football League 6 (1994, 1997, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2017)", "Phoenix Rising FC Soccer United Soccer League 0", "Phoenix Mercury Basketball Women s National Basketball Association 3 (2007, 2009, 2014)", "Tucson Roadrunners Ice hockey American Hockey League 0", "Northern Arizona Suns Basketball NBA G League 1", "The University of Phoenix stadium hosted Super Bowl XLII on February 3, 2008, and Super Bowl XLIX on February 1, 2015.", "Due to its numerous golf courses, Arizona is home to several stops on the PGA Tour, most notably the Phoenix Open, held at the TPC of Scottsdale, and the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship at the Ritz-Carlton Golf Club in Marana.", "Auto racing is another sport known in the state. Phoenix International Raceway in Avondale is home to NASCAR race weekends twice a year. Firebird International Raceway near Chandler is home to drag racing and other motorsport events.", "College sports[edit]", "College sports are also prevalent in Arizona. The Arizona State Sun Devils and the Arizona Wildcats belong to the Pac-12 Conference while the Northern Arizona Lumberjacks compete in the Big Sky Conference and the Grand Canyon Antelopes compete for in the Western Athletic Conference. The rivalry between Arizona State Sun Devils and the Arizona Wildcats predates Arizona s statehood, and is the oldest rivalry in the NCAA.[97] The Territorial Cup, first awarded in 1889 and certified as the oldest trophy in college football,[98] is awarded to the winner of the annual football game between the two schools.", "Arizona also hosts several college football bowl games. The Fiesta Bowl, originally held at Sun Devil Stadium, is now held at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale. The Fiesta Bowl is part of the new College Football Playoff (CFP). University of Phoenix Stadium was also home to the 2007 and 2011 BCS National Championship Games.", "A spring training game between the Cubs and White Sox at HoHoKam Park", "Baseball[edit]", "Arizona is a popular location for Major League Baseball spring training, as it is the site of the Cactus League. Spring training was first started in Arizona in 1947, when Brewers owner Veeck sold them in 1945 but went onto purchase the Cleveland Indians in 1946. He decided to train the Cleveland Indians in Tucson and convinced the New York Giants to give Phoenix a try. Thus the Cactus League was born.[99]", "On March 9, 1995, Arizona was awarded a franchise to begin play for the 1998 season. A $130 million franchise fee was paid to Major League Baseball and on January 16, 1997, the Diamondbacks were officially voted into the National League.", "Since their debut, the Diamondbacks have won five National League West titles, one National League Championship pennant, and the 2001 World Series.", "Miscellaneous topics[edit]", "Main article: List of people from Arizona", "Some notable Arizonans involved in politics and government include:", "Former Arizona Governor Jan Brewer", "Former Surgeon General of the United States Richard Carmona", "Former United States Secretary of Transportation Mary Peters[100]", "Former Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O Connor[101]", "Former Supreme Court Chief Justice William Rehnquist[102]", "Former U.S. Senator Dennis DeConcini[103]", "Former Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio[citation needed]", "Former Graham County Sheriff Richard Mack[citation needed]", "National Education Association President Dennis Van Roekel[104]", "Junior Republican Senator Jon Kyl, former Senate Minority Whip.[105]", "Presidential candidate (2000, 2008) and former U.S. Senator John McCain[106]", "Presidential candidate (1964) and former U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater[107]", "Former governor, Secretary of the Interior, and presidential candidate (1988) Bruce Babbitt[108]", "Presidential candidate (1976) and former Arizona congressman Mo Udall and his brother Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall[citation needed]", "Former U.S. Senator Carl Hayden[citation needed]", "Former United States Solicitor General Rex E. Lee.[109]", "Former Governor and Secretary of Homeland Security in the Obama Administration Janet Napolitano[110]", "Former State Senator Jack Taylor also served as mayor of Mesa and was for one two-year term a member of the Arizona House of Representatives.[111]", "Arizona notables in culture and the arts include:", "Labor leader and civil rights pioneer Cesar Estrada Chavez was from San Luis, near Yuma[112]", "Actress Emma Stone is from Scottsdale", "Actress Gail Edwards resides in Sedona", "Athlete Auston Mathews (Toronto Maple Leaf Center)", "Author Zane Grey", "Disc sports (Frisbee) pioneer Ken Westerfield currently lives in Bisbee", "Film director Steven Spielberg was raised in Phoenix and attended Arcadia High School", "Actor David Spade was raised in Scottsdale and graduated from Arizona State University", "Actress Lynda Carter, star of Wonder Woman, is from Phoenix and attended Arizona State University", "Horse owner and trainer Bob Baffert.", "Musicians Chester Bennington of Linkin Park (Phoenix), Alice Cooper (Phoenix), Stevie Nicks of Fleetwood Mac (Phoenix), (Jerome), Linda Ronstadt (Tucson), Michelle Branch (Sedona), Nate Ruess of Fun. (Glendale)", "Musicians in the bands Meat Puppets (Phoenix/Tempe), Authority Zero (Mesa), Gin Blossoms (Tempe), Chronic Future (Scottsdale), Jimmy Eat World (Mesa), The Format (Glendale), Stellar Kart (Phoenix), Malignus Youth (Sierra Vista), and Job for a Cowboy (Glendale).", "Poet Jim Simmerman of Flagstaff", "Frederick Sommer, an artist/photographer, moved to Tucson in 1931 and lived in Prescott from 1935 to 1999", "Rancher and political insider John G.F. Speiden \u2013 Jay Six Ranch", "Author Diana Gabaldon mostly known for Outlander was born in and resides in Arizona", "Musician Zella Day is originally from Pinetop, Arizona", "State symbols[edit]", "Cactus wren, the Arizona state bird", "Arizona state amphibian: Arizona treefrog (Hyla eximia)", "Arizona state bird: cactus wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus)", "Arizona state butterfly: two-tailed swallowtail (Papilio multicaudata)", "Arizona state colors: federal blue and old gold", "Arizona state dinosaur: Sonorasaurus[113]", "Arizona state fish: Apache trout (Oncorhynchus apache)[114]", "Arizona state flag: Flag of the State of Arizona", "Arizona state flower: saguaro blossom (Carnegiea gigantea)", "Arizona state fossil: petrified wood", "Arizona state gemstone: turquoise", "Arizona state mammal: ring-tailed cat (Bassariscus astutus)", "Arizona state motto: Ditat Deus (Latin God enriches)", "Arizona state neckwear: bolo tie", "Arizona state reptile: Arizona ridge-nosed rattlesnake (Crotalus willardi)", "Arizona state seal: Great Seal of the State of Arizona", "Arizona state slogan: Grand Canyon State", "Arizona state songs: Arizona March Song (by Margaret Rowe Clifford) and Arizona (by Rex Allen, Jr.)[115]", "Arizona state tree: palo verde (Parkinsonia)", "Arizona state gun: Colt Single Action Army revolver[116]", "Arizona portal", "Outline of Arizona \u2013 organized list of topics about Arizona", "Index of Arizona-related articles", "^ In 2000, this designation was broken into two groups: Independent, Non-Charismatic Churches (34,130 adherents) and Independent, Charismatic Churches (29,755 adherents)", "^ Arizona \u2013 Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary . 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(editor), 2003, Arizona Legislative Manual. In Arizona Phoenix, Arizona, Arizona Legislative Council. Google Print. Retrieved January 16, 2006.", "Trimble, Marshall, 1998, Arizona, A Cavalcade of History. Treasure Chest Publications, Tucson, Arizona. (ISBN 978-0-918080-43-1).", "Woosley, Anne I., 2008, Early Tucson. Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, South Carolina. (ISBN 978-0-7385-5646-8).", "Arizonaat Wikipedia s sister projects", "Official state government website", "Official Website of the State of Arizona", "Arizona State Guide, from the Library of Congress", "Arizona Regional Accounts Data at the Wayback Machine (archived August 19, 2002)", "Arizona Demographic Data from FedStats", "Arizona USDA State Fact Sheet", "Arizona Indicators, state s central resource for information on a wide range of topics", "Energy Data & Statistics for Arizona", "Arizona State Databases \u2013 Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Arizona state agencies and compiled by the Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association.", "Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records", "Arizona at Ballotpedia", "Arizona at Curlie", "Geographic data related to Arizona at OpenStreetMap", "Official Arizona Office of Tourism", "Arizona Game & Fish Department (Hunting, Boating & Fishing)", "American Southwest, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary", "New Mexico List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union", "Admitted on February 14, 1912 (48th) Succeeded by", "Places adjacent to Arizona", "Nevada Utah Colorado", "Baja California, Mexico Sonora, Mexico", "Topics related to Arizona", "The Grand Canyon State; The Copper State", "Phoenix (capital)", "Arizona Sun Corridor", "Coconino Plateau", "Mogollon Plateau", "Northeast Arizona", "Safford area", "Southern Arizona (Traditional Arizona)", "Mayors of cities with populations exceeding 100,000 in Arizona", "Greg Stanton (D)", "Jonathan Rothschild (D)", "John Giles (R)", "Jay Tibshraeny (R)", "(Chandler)", "Jerry Weiers (NP)", "(Glendale)", "Jim Lane (R)", "(Scottsdale)", "Jenn Daniels (R)", "Mark Mitchell (D)", "Cathy Carlat", "Sharon Wolcott (D)", "Protected areas of Arizona", "National Historical Parks,", "Historic Sites and Memorials", "Tumac\u00e1cori NHP", "Fort Bowie NHS", "Hubbell Trading Post NHS", "Coronado NMem", "Hohokam Pima", "Ironwood Forest", "National Conservation Areas", "Gila Box Riparian", "San Pedro Riparian", "Elden Pueblo", "Palatki Heritage Site", "V-Bar-V Heritage Site", "Bill Williams River", "Leslie Canyon", "See List of Arizona Wilderness Areas", "Buckskin Mountain", "Granite Mountain Hotshots Memorial", "Riordan Mansion", "Sonoita Creek", "Tubac Presidio", "Verde River Greenway", "Yuma Territorial Prison", "Powers Butte", "White Mountain Grasslands", "Phoenix Mountains Park and Recreation Area", "See List of National Natural Landmarks in Arizona", "See List of National Historic Landmarks in Arizona", "See National Register of Historic Places listings in Arizona", "Arizona State Parks (web)", "Sports teams based in Arizona", "Arizona Hawks", "Laredo Apaches", "Yuma Tejanos", "Tucson Sugar Skulls (2019)", "Phoenix Phantomz", "Sporting Arizona FC", "FC Arizona Women", "FC Tucson Women", "Phoenix Del Sol", "WFDTA", "Camelback Rugby Club", "Northern Arizona Rugby Football Club", "Old Pueblo Lions 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I just bought my first house - very exciting....", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077588 }, { "action": "Wizard => SearchAgent", "text": "new home", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077608 }, { "action": "SearchAgent => Wizard", "text": "", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.nwhm.com/", "title": "Home The New Company", "content": [ "new homeSEARCH BY REGION >", "for how you want to liveDESIGN FEATURES >", "surrounded by everything & everyone you loveALL IN DESIGN >", "Bedford is a new residential village in South Corona highlighted by inspired new homes, 8 acres of parks, walking and biking trails and the Hudson House community center.", "FARM-TO-TABLE LIVING", "The Cannery is CA\u2019s first farm-to-table new home community with new homes, parks, recreation center, pools, boutique retail and urban farm.", "URBAN SANCTUARY", "McKINLEY VILLAGE, SACRAMENTO", "McKinley Village showcases a new way to live in East Sacramento that combines a classic address with modern amenities and is centrally located to everywhere you want to be.", "HILLSIDE LIVING", "RUSSELL RANCH, FOLSOM", "Russell Ranch is an elevated enclave of hillside living. Up here, you feel closer to nature and the wide open spaces that fill you with wonder. Rolling hills and an abundance of natural beauty surround you in every direction. This is a life filled with adventure and outdoor living that brings you closer to the people and places that matter most.", "LIFE SPACE:", "Flexible home space designs for today\u2019s family needs.", "The New Home Company offers a variety of Life Space options from a mother-in-law suite to guest house with customizable home designs to meet the needs of today\u2019s families based on how they really use the space.", "GREEN LIFE:", "Sustainability. Energy efficiency. Green.", "Whatever the term, NEW HOME s Green Life program is committed to implementing sustainable building features from energy efficient appliances to solar upgrades that will ultimately have a positive effect on our environment.", "ALL IN DESIGN:", "Everything included comfort.", "Discover a new way to purchase your dream home through All In Design. From premiere appliances and fixtures to designer selected window treatments and upgraded flooring, All In Design homes offer a variety of designer amenity packages and features included in the price of your home.", "LIVING CANVAS:", "Award-winning exterior landscapes.", "The New Home Company offers you the unique opportunity to design and install custom landscape exteriors including patios, pools, spa s and outdoor kitchens while your home is still under construction.", "live. play. share.", "NEW HOME would like to give a toast to Lucca and Morro!", "#HappyHomeowners #Lucca #Morro #TheNewHomeCompany", "Step inside and immerse yourself in 360 degrees of beauty at Belmont by NEW HOME.", "#Belmont #TheNewHomeCompany #Arizona", "NEW HOME knows how to make a grand entrance! Visit Sky Ranch in Covenant Hills.", "#TheNewHomeCompany #SkyRanch #EstateStyle", "Some Sunday pantry inspo for you by The Home Edit at Lucca Plan 2!", "#TheHomeEdit #PantryGoals #TheNewHomeCompany", "Hang your coat, take off your boots, and get cozy on this rainy evening in #NorCal!", "#MudRoom #InteriorDesign #TheNewHomeCompany", "Time is running out to create your own pinwheel and win!", "#SpringIntoSavings", "A picture is worth a thousand words at the McKiney Village Art Walk", "#McKInleyVillage", "Make your won Spring Into Savings Pinwheel and win!", "A gorgeous day for a Grand Opening at Canon View", "#CanyonView", "You have two days to submit your DIY Pinwheels to win a free Public bike!" ] }, { "url": "https://www.newhomeisd.org/", "title": "Welcome to New Home ISD", "content": [ "#StellaStrong", "Stella Harper Bearden is a 7-year-old 1st grader at New Home. She has recently been diagnosed with retinoblastoma, a rare form of eye cancer. Follow her story @ https://www.facebook.com/superstellaprayerwarriors.", "7th Annual New Home PTO Reverse Drawing", "Doors Open: 6 pm | Live Auction: 7 pm", "Reverse Drawing Prize: $10,000 Travel Package Purchased from National Travel Systems", "400 tickets only! See Lyneil Beck for tickets", "Weekly Friday School Release @ 3 PM", "Tweets by @NewHomeISD" ] }, { "url": "https://www.lennar.com/new-homes/arizona/phoenix", "title": "New homes for sale in Phoenix AZ by Lennar", "content": [ "Brand new homes available for sale throughout the Phoenix area.", "Beautiful Downtown Phoenix shining brightly", "Light rail over Tempe Town Lake", "Breathtaking sunsets throughout the Valley", "Sky view of Downtown Phoenix", "Chase Field - Home of the Arizona Diamondbacks", "View from Camelback Mountain", "Buckeye, ArizonaCave Creek, ArizonaChandler, ArizonaGilbert, ArizonaGlendale, ArizonaGold Canyon, ArizonaGoodyear, ArizonaLitchfield Park, ArizonaMesa, ArizonaPeoria, ArizonaPhoenix, ArizonaQueen Creek, ArizonaSurprise, ArizonaPeralta-CanyonCadenceHastings-FarmsBlue Horizons - DiscoveryBlue Horizons - Discovery 13Blue Horizons - HorizonBlue Horizons - VillagesSienna Hills - HorizonVictory Verrado - EncoreVictory Verrado - InspirationPeak View - DiscoveryAltitudePescaraAnnecy - InspirationMcQueen LandingSolanaKingston Place - DiscoveryMarbella RanchPeralta Canyon: Discovery Parcel 1Peralta Canyon: Discovery Parcel 6Peralta Canyon: Horizon Parcel 2Estrella - HorizonVerrado - ArborVerrado - Park GroveCadence: DiscoveryCadence: HarmonyCadence: HorizonCadence: SignatureDesert CreekEastmark - EclipseEastmark - InspirianTierra Del Rio - SignaturesVistancia - Primrose EstatesAlta Vista - DiscoveryAnthem Circle Mountain Ranch - DiscoveryBlossom Hills One - 60sBlossom Hills One - ClusterLegacy Mountain VillasMeridian CrossingPyramid Peak - DestinySouthern EnclaveSouthern Vistas - DiscoveryThe ArborsTrellisWestern EnclaveWestern Enclave - ArborWestern Enclave - Desert BloomHastings Farms: DestinyHastings Farms: EstatesHastings Farms: HorizonHastings Farms: SignatureCharleston Estates - The EnclaveOcotillo Heights-DestinySentiero - RegencyAsante - DestinyAsante - HorizonAsante - Vision", "Communities in Phoenix, Arizona", "The Valley of the Sun features beautiful mountain vistas, over 300 golf courses and countless outdoor activities such as horseback riding, rock climbing, hiking, mountain biking and boating. Phoenix receives over 325 days of sunshine a year which is more than any other Metropolitan area in the Nation. The warm and sunny weather is a main attraction for tourists and a reason why many residents call Arizona home. No wonder Phoenix attracts people from all over the world!", "From world-class resorts, spas, shopping, golf courses, renowned restaurants and vibrant nightlife, the 2,000-square mile Phoenix Metro area has it all! Set against the breathtaking backdrop of the Sonoran Desert, Phoenix offers a wide array of sports, hiking trails and other outdoor activities. Learn about Old West and Native American history while visiting many interesting museums and galleries, such as the Phoenix Art Museum and the Heard Museum. Have some family fun and enjoy a Phoenix Suns, Phoenix Mercury, Arizona Diamondbacks or Arizona Cardinals game.", "Pristine golf courses await your play", "Beautiful days to shop and play", "Dusk peeking into Phoenix", "See the Valley on light rail", "Conveniently located Sky Harbor Airport", "Lennar builds new homes for sale in 13 cities in the Phoenix area including:", "Blue Horizons - Discovery", "Blue Horizons - Discovery 13", "Blue Horizons - Horizon", "Blue Horizons - Villages", "Sienna Hills - Horizon", "Victory Verrado - Encore", "Victory Verrado - Inspiration", "Cave Creek:", "Peak View - Discovery", "Kingston Place - Discovery", "Gold Canyon:", "Peralta Canyon: Discovery Parcel 1", "Peralta Canyon: Horizon Parcel 2", "Goodyear:", "Estrella - Horizon", "Litchfield Park:", "Verrado - Arbor", "Verrado - Park Grove", "Cadence: Harmony", "Cadence: Horizon", "Cadence: Signature", "Vistancia - Primrose Estates", "Queen Creek:", "Hastings Farms: Signature", "Asante - Destiny", "Asante - Horizon", "Asante - Vision", "Use your current location or View everywhere we build in Phoenix" ] }, { "url": "https://www.usa.gov/buying-home", "title": "Help Buying a New Home USAGov", "content": [ "Housing-Related Complaints", "Repairing and Improving a Home", "U.S. Postal Service Issues", "Help Buying a New Home", "Learn about government programs that make it easier to purchase a home.", "Programs to Help You Pay for a Home", "FHA Loans and HUD Homes", "Homeowner Voucher Program", "The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) offers a variety of federal programs that may be able to help you purchase a home if you qualify for assistance:", "FHA Loans for First-Time Homebuyers", "The Federal Housing Administration (FHA), part of HUD, insures mortgages, making it easier for potential homeowners to afford loans. FHA also offers HUD homes for sale. Learn more about FHA Loans.", "Homeownership Vouchers", "The program provides public housing residents and other low-income families that are first-time homebuyers with subsidies to use toward buying a home. For additional information about this program, contact your local Public Housing Agency (PHA).", "Indian Home Loan Guarantee Program", "The program also known as Section 184 is a home mortgage specifically designed for American Indian and Alaska Native families, Alaska Villages, Tribes, or Tribally Designated Housing Entities.", "Programs for Servicemembers and Veterans", "The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) offers home loan programs designed to help veterans and active duty servicemembers.", "Learn about the Native American Veterans Home Loan program.", "Programs for Rural Residents", "Local Rural Development (RD) offices can provide information on single family housing programs for rural residents.", "Contact your state housing finance agency or state HUD office for information about special programs administered by your state and properties available in your area.", "In addition to all the programs, HUD funds approved housing counseling agencies throughout the country that can provide advice on many housing-related topics, including buying a home. Use this map to find one in your state.", "If you are interested in a foreclosure-related property, reach out to a licensed real estate agent who will be able to advise you on when the property may be available for purchase.", "If you\u2019re a homebuyer, the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) has two programs that may help make the process more affordable.", "The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) manages the FHA loans program. This may be a good mortgage choice if you\u2019re a first-time buyer because the requirements are not as strict compared to other loans.", "Determine your down payment, closing costs and credit score before applying:", "Cash down payment can be as low as 3.5% of the purchase price.", "Your credit score doesn t need to be high.", "Closing costs may be partly covered or lower than other loans.", "The FHA doesn t lend money directly to people. It insures mortgage loans from FHA-approved lenders against default. To apply for an FHA-insured loan, you will need to use an FHA-approved lender.", "Search for an FHA-approved lender.", "Find FHA loan products for manufactured (mobile) homes.", "Learn more about FHA loans.", "If you have a complaint about an FHA loan program, contact the FHA Resource Center.", "When homeowners default on their FHA-insured mortgage, HUD takes ownership of the property because HUD oversees the FHA loan program. These properties are called either HUD homes or HUD real estate owned (REO) property.", "Your qualifications to buy a HUD home depend on your credit score, ability to get a mortgage, and the amount of your cash down payment. You can also use an FHA-insured mortgage to buy a HUD home. Learn more about buying a HUD home.", "Use the HUDHomestore to find listings of HUD real estate owned (REO) properties for sale. Click on the agent tab to find contact information to learn more about the property.", "Where do I call for extra help?", "If you have a question or need more information about FHA loans or HUD homes, you can email or call the FHA Resource Center or check their list of frequently asked questions.", "If your family is low-income or in public housing and you want to buy a home, the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Homeownership Voucher Program may help you meet your monthly mortgage payments and other home expenses.", "Eligibility is based on the requirements set by HUD and your local public housing agency or authority (PHA).", "Must be a first-time buyer as defined by HUD", "Must meet a minimum income requirement set by the local PHAs", "Must have at least one adult working full-time and for at least one year", "Must complete homeownership and housing counseling program", "Contact your local PHA. If it does not administer a homeownership program, you can contact HUD\u2019s PIH Customer Service Center.", "If a lender is discriminating against you, submit a complaint to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.", "You can also file a housing discrimination complaint with HUD.", "Learn more about housing-related discrimination and how to complain about it.", "If you sell the home, you will not be able to use the program for your next purchase because this is a program for first-time buyers.", "You are not required to work with specific real estate agents for your home search or to work with any specific lender when getting a home loan." ] }, { "url": "https://www.truehomesusa.com/", "title": "New Homes Home Builder in North South Carolina", "content": [ "Let us serve you better!", "Built Where U", "Want to Live", "It s true: there s no one else in the world quite like you. So shouldn t your new home be the one place on earth where it s all about you?", "START YOUR HOME SEARCH NOW", "We\u2019re honored to have received the prestigious Gold National Housing Quality Award, regarded as the highest level of quality achievement in the housing industry.", "We are SO PROUD to be chosen by builderonline.com as the #1 builder in Charlotte on their annual list of the country s 50 largest new-home markets.", "FIND YOUR NEW TRUE HOME TODAY", "Available homes where U want to live.", "SEARCH QUICK MOVE-IN NOW", "Take all that extra square footage that True Homes gives you and tell us the kind of room you really want. Is a home office more meaningful to you than a bigger kitchen?", "VIEW SAMPLE TRUE HOMES SPACES", "Take the process one step further with a professional pre-designed package to elevate the final look of", "VIEW EXAMPLES OF TRUE STYLE", "You can trust the quality that s behind the walls, below the ground and on the roof. True quality means peace of mind.", "Where Do U Want to Live?", "Already have a homesite? True Homes can help you build a new home on your lot in Charlotte, NC.", "BROWSE OUR NEW HOME", "The perfect home ought to give you what you want at a price that\u2019s right for you \u2014 and without ever compromising quality and data-style. That\u2019s why we created four unique collections, each with dozens of flexible floorplans and plenty of data-style options to fit almost any budget.", "MoreHomeMoreLife", "Get more home for your life. See the True Homes in the Triad area with monthly payments from the $1,100s*", "SEE HOMES NOW", "Combine great North and South Carolina new home locations with style, quality and unprecedented value in our new home floorplans and it is easy to see that at True Homes \u2014 It\u2019s All About U\u00ae.", "READ ABOUT THE TRUE ADVANTAGE", "We are PROUD to be chosen by The Charlotte Observer as one of Charlotte s best places to work, three years in a row!", "We are more than THRILLED to be selected by Zippia.com as The #1 Place To Work in Charlotte for 2017!", "Every True Home is personalized to be as unique as the family that will live there. Your personal satisfaction means everything to us.", "VIEW HOMEOWNER TESTIMONIALS", "Bigger family, More rooms, Less cost", "We added rooms,", "And a family member.", "A green home makes us happy.", "We feel part of a True family.", "True brought us home.", "We love our green home.", "Extra room for the kids.", "Brokers, start saving your favorite homes for your clients and your prospects online!", "BECOME A TRUE AGENT NOW" ] } ] }, "timestamp": null }, { "action": "Wizard => SearchAgent", "text": "home ownership", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077625 }, { "action": "SearchAgent => Wizard", "text": "", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.thebalance.com/eight-reasons-to-buy-a-home-1798233", "title": "8 Reasons to Buy a Home The Balance", "content": [ "Home Buying Tips & Techniques", "\u2022\u2022\u2022 Gary Burchell/Taxi/Getty Images", "If you re like most first-time home buyers, you ve probably listened to friends , family s and coworkers advice, many of whom are encouraging you to buy a home. However, you may still wonder if buying a home is the right thing to do. Relax. Having reservations is normal. The more you know about why you should buy a home, the less scary the entire process will appear to you. Here are eight good reasons why you should buy a home.", "Pride of ownership is the number one reason why people yearn to own their home. It means you can paint the walls any color you desire, turn your music up, attach permanent fixtures, and decorate your home according to your own taste. Home ownership gives you and your family a sense of stability and security. It s making an investment in your future.", "Beyond pride of ownership, it s important to realize another benefit. First, real estate moves in cycles, sometimes up, sometimes down, yet over the years, real estate has consistently appreciated. The Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight tracks the movements of single-family home values across the country. Its House Price Index breaks down the changes by region and metropolitan area. Many people view their home investment as a hedge against inflation.", "Mortgage Interest Deductions", "Home ownership is a superb tax shelter and our tax rates favor homeowners. Sometimes the mortgage interest deduction can overshadow the desire for pride of ownership as well. As long as your mortgage balance is smaller than the price of your home, mortgage interest is fully deductible on your tax return. Interest is the largest component of your mortgage payment.", "IRS Publication 530 contains tax information for first-time home buyers. Real estate property taxes paid for a first home and a vacation home are fully deductible for income tax purposes. In California, the passage of Proposition 13 in 1978 established the amount of assessed value after property changes hands and limited property tax increases to 2 percent per year or the rate of inflation, whichever is less.", "As long as you have lived in your home for two of the past five years, you can exclude up to $250,000 for an individual or $500,000 for a married couple of profit from capital gains. You do not have to buy a replacement home or move up. There is no age restriction, and the over-55 rule does not apply. You can exclude the above thresholds from taxes every 24 months, which means you could sell every two years and pocket your profit\u2014subject to limitation\u2014free from taxation.", "If you receive more profit than the allowable exclusion upon sale of your home, that profit will be considered a capital asset as long as you owned your home for more than one year. Capital assets receive preferential tax treatment. This means even if your profit exceeds the exclusion, the taxable portion will be much less than you might imagine.", "Mortgage Reduction Builds Equity", "Each month, part of your monthly payment is applied to the principal balance of your loan, which reduces your obligation. The way amortization works, the principal portion of your principal and interest payment increases slightly every month. It is lowest on your first payment and highest on your last payment. On average, each $100,000 of a mortgage will reduce in balance the first year by about $500 in principal, bringing that balance at the end of your first 12 months to $99,500.", "Consumers who carry credit card balances cannot deduct the interest paid, which can cost as much as 18 percent to 22 percent. Equity loan interest is often much less and it is deductible. For many homeowners, it makes sense to pay off this kind of debt with a home equity loan. Consumers can borrow against a home s equity for a variety of reasons such as home improvement, college, medical or starting a new business. Some state laws restrict home equity loans.", "Here Is a List of 10 Reasons Not to Buy a Home", "Why Comparable Sales Are Important When Buying or Selling a Home", "When Does Renting a Home Make More Sense Than Buying?", "For Sale by Owner: What Is Involved In Buying a Home Without an Agent?", "The Worst Day to Buy a Home", "Is It OK for Adults to Borrow Money From Parents to Buy a House?", "Tips for Buying a Home in Spring Real Estate Markets", "What Happens if You re Buying a House Without Permits for Remodeling?", "Divorced Home Buying Tips, Quitclaim and Interspousal Transfer Deeds", "Tips for Buying a Home That Is Easy to Sell Again", "Here Is a Look at When the Absolute Best Time to Buy a House Is", "Get a Good Deal on a Model Home", "Why Buying a Rundown House in a Good Neighborhood Might Be Worth It", "Buying a Former Rental Home", "Should You Buy a Home With Your Partner Before Marriage?" ] }, { "url": "https://www.fortunebuilders.com/homeownership-programs/", "title": "5 Homeownership Assistance Programs You ve Probably Never", "content": [ "Struggling To Buy A Home? Find Out If You Qualify For One Of These 12 Homeownership Programs", "Did you know that there are numerous homeownership programs and grants available?", "Many programs are geared toward first-time homebuyers, as well as low- to middle-income families, who struggle to buy a home.", "With the help of these programs, homeownership is a possibility\u2013\u2013even for those with less-than-perfect credit or those without much money for a down payment.", "If you are one of many Americans struggling to save up for a house, there are numerous homeownership programs that may be able to assist you. Perhaps you\u2019ve put off buying a home because you haven\u2019t been able to save up for a down payment, or because you don\u2019t have a great credit score. However, achieving the dream of homeownership might be much closer than you think, if you know where to look. If you have been looking for homeownership assistance programs that will help you afford a house and provide big cost savings, you\u2019ve come to the right place.", "Do You Qualify For These 12 Incredible Homeownership Programs & Grants?", "Both public and private entities are offering home buying programs and grants in a concerted effort to encourage homeownership in the U.S. These programs mostly target first-time homebuyers, as well as low to moderate-income households. There are 12 different homeownership assistance programs to choose from; some are sponsored by federal agencies, while others are offered by non-profit and private entities. Each section below provides an overview of a program or grant, along with a breakdown of who the program is meant to help and its eligibility requirements. If you\u2019d like more information, visit the official website provided for each respective program.", "Investment properties are not eligible for most homeownership programs, which are primarily intended for owner-occupants. For those interested in investment properties, visit this resource on how to invest in real estate with little to no money of your own.", "Good Neighbor Next Door HUD Loan", "Energy Efficient Mortgage", "Local Homeowner Assistance Programs", "First Home Club", "The FHA loan is a go-to program for many Americans, especially first-time homebuyers. The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) offers insurance to mortgage lenders, so that they are not exposed to loss in the case of borrower default. This protection allows lenders to lower their eligibility requirements and extend mortgages to a larger pool of applicants. All FHA borrowers are required to pay mortgage insurance.", "A Good Fit For: Any homebuyer who would benefit from a lower down payment and credit score requirements. The loan also allows for the down payment to come in the form of a gift, making it possible for first-time homebuyers to make their purchase with little to no money up front.", "Who\u2019s Eligible: Buyers with steady income can put down as low as 3.5 percent if they have a credit score of 580 or above. The down payment requirement increases to 10 percent for those with credit scores between 500 to 579.", "The FHA 203(k) rehabilitation loan can be a great solution for buyers who want to purchase a fixer-upper home. Factoring in the property\u2019s after-repair value, the loan bundles the costs of purchasing and renovating the property. Borrowers requiring extensive renovations above $35,000 are required to hire an approved consultant, who will also serve as the contractor and project manager. Find out more about whether or not a FHA 203(k) loan is right for you.", "A Good Fit For: Homebuyers who feel that they can take on a fixer-upper and want to gain instant equity. Buyers can find cheaper homes that need rehabilitation, and use part of the loan to fund repairs and renovations. FHA 203(k) rehabilitation loans are also great for buyers who want to customize a home to their personal tastes and preferences.", "Who\u2019s Eligible: Applicants must have a credit score of at least 640 and make a down payment of at least 3.5 percent of the purchase price. The property in question must require a minimum of $5,000 in rehabilitation costs.", "Veterans and active service members of the military are eligible to obtain mortgage assistance from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). The VA loan does not require a down payment or private mortgage insurance, and offers competitive mortgage rates. The agency also sponsors grants for veterans who need to adapt homes for service-related disabilities.", "A Good Fit For: Members of the military network who would like to purchase a home, or adapt a home so that it is accessible for a service-related disability.", "Who\u2019s Eligible: Any verifiable member of the military, including active service members, veterans and spouses. There are no down payment or credit score requirements, making homeownership very attainable for those who are eligible.", "Designed to promote economic development, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) mortgage program assists low- to moderate-income households with the purchase of homes in rural areas. The loan can also be used to repair and renovate a property, make a property more energy efficient, or even install essential household appliances.", "A Good Fit For: Homebuyers living in or wanting to relocate to a rural area.", "Who\u2019s Eligible: The loan encourages a score of 640 or above. Anyone with a score below 640 can apply, but are required to supply additional financial documentation. Applicants must also meet income limitations based on their household size and property location. Visit the USDA Loan website to determine your eligibility.", "Public service workers who qualify for the Good Neighbor Next Door program have the opportunity to purchase homes at half the list price. The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) implemented this program as a way to revitalize areas and make communities safer, as well as to promote homeownership. Eligible properties are sold exclusively through the Good Neighbor Next Door sales program.", "A Good Fit For: Public service workers who would benefit from receiving significant financial assistance when buying their first home.", "Who\u2019s Eligible: Law enforcement officers, pre-kindergarten through 12th grade teachers, firefighters and emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Homebuyers must commit to living in the property for at least 36 months as their sole residence.", "Starting in 1992, the Native American Direct Loan (NADL) program has made home loans available to Native American veterans who want to buy property on federal trust lands. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs serves as the lender, and borrowers enjoy not having to make a down payment or pay private mortgage insurance.", "A Good Fit For: Eligible Native American veterans who would like to buy property on a federal trust land.", "Who\u2019s Eligible: Native American Veterans and their spouses, as well as non-Native Veterans who are married to a Native non-Veteran. The tribal organization to which they belong must have signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Secretary of Veterans Affairs. Applicants must also apply for a Certificate of Eligibility.", "Insured through both the FHA and VA, the Energy Efficient Mortgage (EEM) is a loan program that incentivizes homebuyers to purchase energy-efficient homes, or buy homes that they will make energy efficient through improvements. The EEM is added on to an existing mortgage, and does not affect the down payment amount or require a new appraisal. Existing homeowners can also apply for the EEM benefit in order to save on energy costs and increase the resale of their properties.", "A Good Fit For: Homebuyers and homeowners who would like to save on energy costs, and potentially increase the resale value of their properties by making them energy efficient.", "Who\u2019s Eligible: Can be applied to most home mortgages. Applicants are required to obtain a home energy assessment, which will determine the loan amount.", "Homebuyers can also look to their city or state governments for assistance with homeownership. These programs are typically designed for first-time and low to moderate-income buyers, and offer competitive mortgage programs, down payment and closing cost assistance, as well as home buying education. Check your local or state housing authority to find out what types of programs are available, and the eligibility requirements for each.", "A Good Fit For: Low- to moderate-income households, including first-time homebuyers who would benefit from affordable housing options.", "Who\u2019s Eligible: Eligibility requirements vary by program type, but typically have income and purchase price limitations that are based on local medians. In addition, applicants must be residents of the city and state sponsoring the program.", "The National Homebuyers Fund is a non-profit organization that offers financial assistance programs for homeowners and homebuyers. Perhaps their most prominent is their down payment assistance grant, which can provide up to five percent of the mortgage loan. The organization also manages down payment assistance, mortgage credit certificate (MCC) and energy efficiency programs for California residents, in partnership with the Golden State Finance Authority.", "A Good Fit For: Any homebuyer who would benefit from the NHF down payment assistance program. Particularly great for California residents who can take advantage of programs sponsored by the Golden State Finance Authority.", "Who\u2019s Eligible: Income and credit score requirements are generally flexible, but vary by program type.", "Sponsored by the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York, the First Home Club is designed to assist first-time homebuyers with low-to-moderate incomes. The program will match funds saved in a dedicated savings account $4 to $1, and up to $7,500.", "A Good Fit For: First-time homebuyers who are committed to purchasing property in New York, New Jersey, Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands.", "Who\u2019s Eligible: First-time homebuyers with an adjusted household income of 80 percent or less of the area median income. Qualifying property types include newly manufactured homes, multifamily properties that have up to four units, condominiums and cooperatives.", "The HomePath Ready Buyer program is administered by Fannie Mae, a government-sponsored entity that offers mortgage options that benefit low- to moderate-income households. The program targets first-time homebuyers, who are required to complete an online educational course. Upon completing the course, buyers are eligible to receive three percent toward closing costs when purchasing a foreclosure home owned by Fannie Mae. Buyers can also make a down payment that is as low as three percent.", "A Good Fit For: First-time homebuyers who are interested in purchasing a real-estate owned (REO) property, and who would benefit from a low down payment requirement, plus closing cost assistance.", "Who\u2019s Eligible: Low- to moderate-income households who have not purchased home before, or within the past three years, and who have completed the HomePath Ready Buyer education program.", "If anything could be dubbed the eBay of homes for sale, then the HUD\u2019s Dollar Home portal would be it. When a homeowner defaults on a mortgage that was insured by the FHA, it is foreclosed upon and repossessed by the federal government. These homes are then re-sold to the public and nonprofit entities at affordable prices, along with low down payment requirements and allowances that can be used to pay for closing costs or repairs. Interested buyers can bid on properties through the HUD Home Store, although bids must be submitted by their licensed broker or agent. If you are interested in purchasing a dollar home as an investment property, be sure to visit this HUD Homes 101 resource for investors.", "A Good Fit For: Buyers who are willing to take on a foreclosure property containing up to four units that are sold \u201cas is.\u201d They should also want to live in the property as their primary residence for a minimum of two years.", "Who\u2019s Eligible: Owner-occupants who have an approved loan or who can offer cash. For example, buyers can obtain an FHA-insured loan with a minimum credit score of 580 and a 3.5 percent down payment.", "You may have noticed that most of these programs offer low down payment requirements. It is important to note, however, that down payments under 20 percent of the home value will typically result in mortgage insurance fees. If you prefer to put down a large down payment to avoid these fees, here is a resource on how to save for a house.", "These homeownership programs offer solutions to many Americans who would otherwise be unable to attain their dream of homeownership. Not taking advantage of these types of programs due to a lack of awareness is equivalent to leaving money on the table. Explore your options and find out if you might qualify for homeownership much sooner than you had imagined.", "Will any of these homeownership programs help you achieve your dream of buying a home? Feel free to discuss in the comments below:" ] }, { "url": "https://www.frameworkhomeownership.org/", "title": "Home Framework", "content": [ "Owning a home is rewarding in so many ways. And as any homeowner knows, it\u2019s also a big responsibility. There are new questions to consider all the time, and those questions require confident decision making. Framework provides the information and unbiased advice you need to be smart and successful \u2014 whether you\u2019re just thinking about buying or learning how to protect your investment for years to come.", "What our homebuyers are saying", "It was all new to us", "\u201cWe\u2019re young so homebuying is new to us. It was really great information for us to know. It helped us understand our fixed versus variable costs, and where we could save on our monthly spending. Any homebuyer would benefit from taking this course.\u201d", "This was our first time buying a home, so there was a lot of terminology ... it was perfect timing for me to really understand it all as I was in the middle of figuring out what people were sending me and what everything meant.", "Confidence, period", "It was exactly what I was trying to make sense of in the documents they had sent me literally earlier that day ... Going into submitting the documents the next day, it made me more confident that what I\u2019m submitting is correct, and the amounts are right.", "I wouldn\u2019t change anything", "\u201cI was actually surprised how much information I learned even after having bought and owned a home for seven years. I really wouldn\u2019t change anything. It flows quite well and isn t overwhelming.\u201d", "When I first considered whether I could afford to buy my own home, I was a little nervous... to say the least. Your course became my best friend! Every question I had along the way was answered.", "I feel like it was worth the time and money and I have a much clearer idea of what new adventure I am getting into! I want to buy a house now more than ever and feel like I can do it!", "I now have other resources", "I liked that it was self paced and I took my time. I ended up with 29 pages on a legal pad worth of notes to reference back to as well as coming back to the course. I also liked all of the bookmarks, as I now have other resources as well.", "Eight smart ways to pay for home renovations", "Is there a big gap between your dream house and the one you actually own? Home equity is just one way to finance renovations. Know your options!", "Save energy and money with this diet for your dryer", "Your clothes dryer is one of the biggest energy hogs in your house. Turn these 10 tips into habits, and you\u2019ll see the difference in your bill.", "Offered and accepted by", "Interested in partnering with Framework?" ] }, { "url": "https://www.consumerfinance.gov/find-a-housing-counselor/", "title": "Find a Housing Counselor Consumer Financial Protection", "content": [ "Housing counselors near you", "The counseling agencies on this list are approved by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and they can offer independent advice about whether a particular set of mortgage loan terms is a good fit based on your objectives and circumstances, often at little or no cost to you. This list shows you several approved agencies in your area. You can find other approved counseling agencies at the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau\u2019s (CFPB) website: consumerfinance.gov/mortgagehelp or by calling 1-855-411-CFPB (2372). You can also access a list of nationwide HUD-approved counseling agencies at: https://apps.hud.gov/offices/hsg/sfh/hcc/hcs.cfm", "Housing counselors throughout the country can provide advice on buying a home, renting, defaults, foreclosures, and credit issues. Using the search box below, you can find one near you. The counseling agencies on this list are approved by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and they can offer independent advice about whether a particular set of mortgage loan terms is a good fit based on your objectives and circumstances, often at little or no cost to you. This list will show you several approved agencies in your area. There is also a list of nationwide HUD-approved counseling agencies .", "This tool is powered by HUD s official list of housing counselors.", "If you notice errors in the housing counselor data, contact housing.counseling@hud.gov.", "According to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, an agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a valid OMB control number. The OMB control number for this collection is 3170-0025 . It expires on 04/30/2016. Using this tool to generate a list of HUD-Approved Housing Counseling Agencies is voluntary however, if you are an entity subject to 12 CFR \u00a7 1024 (78 FR 6856 (Jan. 31, 2013)), you are required to provide this list as specified in the regulation. Comments regarding this collection of information, including suggestions for improving the usefulness of the information, or suggestions for reducing the burden to respond to this collection should be submitted to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (Attention: PRA Office), 1700 G Street NW, Washington, DC 20552, or by email to PRA@cfpb.gov." ] }, { "url": "https://www.tdhca.state.tx.us/mh/ownership-location.htm", "title": "Statements of Ownership and Location TDHCA", "content": [ "Buying Flood Damaged Manufactured Homes", "Salvaged Application Procedures (PDF)", "Priority Handling Service Now Available", "Statement of Ownership Application Instructions (PDF)", "Consumer Brochure (PDF)", "Informaci\u00f3n al consumidor (PDF)", "Research Manufactured Homeownership Records - Before you buy a used manufactured home or submit an application to transfer ownership, please check department records for current ownership information, mortgage liens, and tax liens. You may do so by searching our database on the web, or by calling us. Be prepared to provide the complete serial number and HUD label or Texas Seal number for the manufactured home.", "Tips for Successful Ownership and Lien Recordation (en Espa\u00f1ol) (PDF)", "Ownership and Location Forms", "Warranty and Disclosure for a Used Manufactured Home (PDF)", "Application for Statement of Ownership (PDF fillable)", "Addendum to Application for Statement of Ownership (PDF)", "Form B - Release of Lien or Foreclose of Lien (PDF fillable)", "Form C - Statement of Inheritance (PDF fillable)", "Form M - Multiple Applications (PDF fillable)", "Instructions to Third Party Closer (PDF)", "Habitability Inspection Form (PDF fillable)", "Salvage Inspection Form (PDF fillable)", "Notice of Intent to Acquire Abandoned Manufactured Home (PDF fillable)", "Priority Handling Sheet (PDF fillable)", "Field Verification Inspection Request Form (PDF fillable)", "Ownership Affidavit of Fact (PDF fillable)", "Ownership Affidavit of Error (PDF fillable)", "Affidavit of Fact for Right of Survivorship Ownership (PDF fillable)", "Affidavit of Fact for Real Property (PDF fillable)", "Affidavit of Fact for Abandonment (PDF fillable)", "View home installation & inspection records - Use this option to view home installation and inspection information. To search for installation and inspection information you will be asked to enter the home s label/seal number, serial number, or owner s name." ] } ] }, "timestamp": null }, { "action": "Wizard => Apprentice", "text": "You must be very proud to be a homeowner. Have you decorated yet?", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.thebalance.com/eight-reasons-to-buy-a-home-1798233", "title": "8 Reasons to Buy a Home The Balance", "content": [ "Home Buying Tips & Techniques", "\u2022\u2022\u2022 Gary Burchell/Taxi/Getty Images", "If you re like most first-time home buyers, you ve probably listened to friends , family s and coworkers advice, many of whom are encouraging you to buy a home. However, you may still wonder if buying a home is the right thing to do. Relax. Having reservations is normal. The more you know about why you should buy a home, the less scary the entire process will appear to you. Here are eight good reasons why you should buy a home.", "Pride of ownership is the number one reason why people yearn to own their home. It means you can paint the walls any color you desire, turn your music up, attach permanent fixtures, and decorate your home according to your own taste. Home ownership gives you and your family a sense of stability and security. It s making an investment in your future.", "Beyond pride of ownership, it s important to realize another benefit. First, real estate moves in cycles, sometimes up, sometimes down, yet over the years, real estate has consistently appreciated. The Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight tracks the movements of single-family home values across the country. Its House Price Index breaks down the changes by region and metropolitan area. Many people view their home investment as a hedge against inflation.", "Mortgage Interest Deductions", "Home ownership is a superb tax shelter and our tax rates favor homeowners. Sometimes the mortgage interest deduction can overshadow the desire for pride of ownership as well. As long as your mortgage balance is smaller than the price of your home, mortgage interest is fully deductible on your tax return. Interest is the largest component of your mortgage payment.", "IRS Publication 530 contains tax information for first-time home buyers. Real estate property taxes paid for a first home and a vacation home are fully deductible for income tax purposes. In California, the passage of Proposition 13 in 1978 established the amount of assessed value after property changes hands and limited property tax increases to 2 percent per year or the rate of inflation, whichever is less.", "As long as you have lived in your home for two of the past five years, you can exclude up to $250,000 for an individual or $500,000 for a married couple of profit from capital gains. You do not have to buy a replacement home or move up. There is no age restriction, and the over-55 rule does not apply. You can exclude the above thresholds from taxes every 24 months, which means you could sell every two years and pocket your profit\u2014subject to limitation\u2014free from taxation.", "If you receive more profit than the allowable exclusion upon sale of your home, that profit will be considered a capital asset as long as you owned your home for more than one year. Capital assets receive preferential tax treatment. This means even if your profit exceeds the exclusion, the taxable portion will be much less than you might imagine.", "Mortgage Reduction Builds Equity", "Each month, part of your monthly payment is applied to the principal balance of your loan, which reduces your obligation. The way amortization works, the principal portion of your principal and interest payment increases slightly every month. It is lowest on your first payment and highest on your last payment. On average, each $100,000 of a mortgage will reduce in balance the first year by about $500 in principal, bringing that balance at the end of your first 12 months to $99,500.", "Consumers who carry credit card balances cannot deduct the interest paid, which can cost as much as 18 percent to 22 percent. Equity loan interest is often much less and it is deductible. For many homeowners, it makes sense to pay off this kind of debt with a home equity loan. Consumers can borrow against a home s equity for a variety of reasons such as home improvement, college, medical or starting a new business. Some state laws restrict home equity loans.", "Here Is a List of 10 Reasons Not to Buy a Home", "Why Comparable Sales Are Important When Buying or Selling a Home", "When Does Renting a Home Make More Sense Than Buying?", "For Sale by Owner: What Is Involved In Buying a Home Without an Agent?", "The Worst Day to Buy a Home", "Is It OK for Adults to Borrow Money From Parents to Buy a House?", "Tips for Buying a Home in Spring Real Estate Markets", "What Happens if You re Buying a House Without Permits for Remodeling?", "Divorced Home Buying Tips, Quitclaim and Interspousal Transfer Deeds", "Tips for Buying a Home That Is Easy to Sell Again", "Here Is a Look at When the Absolute Best Time to Buy a House Is", "Get a Good Deal on a Model Home", "Why Buying a Rundown House in a Good Neighborhood Might Be Worth It", "Buying a Former Rental Home", "Should You Buy a Home With Your Partner Before Marriage?" ] }, { "url": "https://www.fortunebuilders.com/homeownership-programs/", "title": "5 Homeownership Assistance Programs You ve Probably Never", "content": [ "Struggling To Buy A Home? Find Out If You Qualify For One Of These 12 Homeownership Programs", "Did you know that there are numerous homeownership programs and grants available?", "Many programs are geared toward first-time homebuyers, as well as low- to middle-income families, who struggle to buy a home.", "With the help of these programs, homeownership is a possibility\u2013\u2013even for those with less-than-perfect credit or those without much money for a down payment.", "If you are one of many Americans struggling to save up for a house, there are numerous homeownership programs that may be able to assist you. Perhaps you\u2019ve put off buying a home because you haven\u2019t been able to save up for a down payment, or because you don\u2019t have a great credit score. However, achieving the dream of homeownership might be much closer than you think, if you know where to look. If you have been looking for homeownership assistance programs that will help you afford a house and provide big cost savings, you\u2019ve come to the right place.", "Do You Qualify For These 12 Incredible Homeownership Programs & Grants?", "Both public and private entities are offering home buying programs and grants in a concerted effort to encourage homeownership in the U.S. These programs mostly target first-time homebuyers, as well as low to moderate-income households. There are 12 different homeownership assistance programs to choose from; some are sponsored by federal agencies, while others are offered by non-profit and private entities. Each section below provides an overview of a program or grant, along with a breakdown of who the program is meant to help and its eligibility requirements. If you\u2019d like more information, visit the official website provided for each respective program.", "Investment properties are not eligible for most homeownership programs, which are primarily intended for owner-occupants. For those interested in investment properties, visit this resource on how to invest in real estate with little to no money of your own.", "Good Neighbor Next Door HUD Loan", "Energy Efficient Mortgage", "Local Homeowner Assistance Programs", "First Home Club", "The FHA loan is a go-to program for many Americans, especially first-time homebuyers. The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) offers insurance to mortgage lenders, so that they are not exposed to loss in the case of borrower default. This protection allows lenders to lower their eligibility requirements and extend mortgages to a larger pool of applicants. All FHA borrowers are required to pay mortgage insurance.", "A Good Fit For: Any homebuyer who would benefit from a lower down payment and credit score requirements. The loan also allows for the down payment to come in the form of a gift, making it possible for first-time homebuyers to make their purchase with little to no money up front.", "Who\u2019s Eligible: Buyers with steady income can put down as low as 3.5 percent if they have a credit score of 580 or above. The down payment requirement increases to 10 percent for those with credit scores between 500 to 579.", "The FHA 203(k) rehabilitation loan can be a great solution for buyers who want to purchase a fixer-upper home. Factoring in the property\u2019s after-repair value, the loan bundles the costs of purchasing and renovating the property. Borrowers requiring extensive renovations above $35,000 are required to hire an approved consultant, who will also serve as the contractor and project manager. Find out more about whether or not a FHA 203(k) loan is right for you.", "A Good Fit For: Homebuyers who feel that they can take on a fixer-upper and want to gain instant equity. Buyers can find cheaper homes that need rehabilitation, and use part of the loan to fund repairs and renovations. FHA 203(k) rehabilitation loans are also great for buyers who want to customize a home to their personal tastes and preferences.", "Who\u2019s Eligible: Applicants must have a credit score of at least 640 and make a down payment of at least 3.5 percent of the purchase price. The property in question must require a minimum of $5,000 in rehabilitation costs.", "Veterans and active service members of the military are eligible to obtain mortgage assistance from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). The VA loan does not require a down payment or private mortgage insurance, and offers competitive mortgage rates. The agency also sponsors grants for veterans who need to adapt homes for service-related disabilities.", "A Good Fit For: Members of the military network who would like to purchase a home, or adapt a home so that it is accessible for a service-related disability.", "Who\u2019s Eligible: Any verifiable member of the military, including active service members, veterans and spouses. There are no down payment or credit score requirements, making homeownership very attainable for those who are eligible.", "Designed to promote economic development, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) mortgage program assists low- to moderate-income households with the purchase of homes in rural areas. The loan can also be used to repair and renovate a property, make a property more energy efficient, or even install essential household appliances.", "A Good Fit For: Homebuyers living in or wanting to relocate to a rural area.", "Who\u2019s Eligible: The loan encourages a score of 640 or above. Anyone with a score below 640 can apply, but are required to supply additional financial documentation. Applicants must also meet income limitations based on their household size and property location. Visit the USDA Loan website to determine your eligibility.", "Public service workers who qualify for the Good Neighbor Next Door program have the opportunity to purchase homes at half the list price. The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) implemented this program as a way to revitalize areas and make communities safer, as well as to promote homeownership. Eligible properties are sold exclusively through the Good Neighbor Next Door sales program.", "A Good Fit For: Public service workers who would benefit from receiving significant financial assistance when buying their first home.", "Who\u2019s Eligible: Law enforcement officers, pre-kindergarten through 12th grade teachers, firefighters and emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Homebuyers must commit to living in the property for at least 36 months as their sole residence.", "Starting in 1992, the Native American Direct Loan (NADL) program has made home loans available to Native American veterans who want to buy property on federal trust lands. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs serves as the lender, and borrowers enjoy not having to make a down payment or pay private mortgage insurance.", "A Good Fit For: Eligible Native American veterans who would like to buy property on a federal trust land.", "Who\u2019s Eligible: Native American Veterans and their spouses, as well as non-Native Veterans who are married to a Native non-Veteran. The tribal organization to which they belong must have signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Secretary of Veterans Affairs. Applicants must also apply for a Certificate of Eligibility.", "Insured through both the FHA and VA, the Energy Efficient Mortgage (EEM) is a loan program that incentivizes homebuyers to purchase energy-efficient homes, or buy homes that they will make energy efficient through improvements. The EEM is added on to an existing mortgage, and does not affect the down payment amount or require a new appraisal. Existing homeowners can also apply for the EEM benefit in order to save on energy costs and increase the resale of their properties.", "A Good Fit For: Homebuyers and homeowners who would like to save on energy costs, and potentially increase the resale value of their properties by making them energy efficient.", "Who\u2019s Eligible: Can be applied to most home mortgages. Applicants are required to obtain a home energy assessment, which will determine the loan amount.", "Homebuyers can also look to their city or state governments for assistance with homeownership. These programs are typically designed for first-time and low to moderate-income buyers, and offer competitive mortgage programs, down payment and closing cost assistance, as well as home buying education. Check your local or state housing authority to find out what types of programs are available, and the eligibility requirements for each.", "A Good Fit For: Low- to moderate-income households, including first-time homebuyers who would benefit from affordable housing options.", "Who\u2019s Eligible: Eligibility requirements vary by program type, but typically have income and purchase price limitations that are based on local medians. In addition, applicants must be residents of the city and state sponsoring the program.", "The National Homebuyers Fund is a non-profit organization that offers financial assistance programs for homeowners and homebuyers. Perhaps their most prominent is their down payment assistance grant, which can provide up to five percent of the mortgage loan. The organization also manages down payment assistance, mortgage credit certificate (MCC) and energy efficiency programs for California residents, in partnership with the Golden State Finance Authority.", "A Good Fit For: Any homebuyer who would benefit from the NHF down payment assistance program. Particularly great for California residents who can take advantage of programs sponsored by the Golden State Finance Authority.", "Who\u2019s Eligible: Income and credit score requirements are generally flexible, but vary by program type.", "Sponsored by the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York, the First Home Club is designed to assist first-time homebuyers with low-to-moderate incomes. The program will match funds saved in a dedicated savings account $4 to $1, and up to $7,500.", "A Good Fit For: First-time homebuyers who are committed to purchasing property in New York, New Jersey, Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands.", "Who\u2019s Eligible: First-time homebuyers with an adjusted household income of 80 percent or less of the area median income. Qualifying property types include newly manufactured homes, multifamily properties that have up to four units, condominiums and cooperatives.", "The HomePath Ready Buyer program is administered by Fannie Mae, a government-sponsored entity that offers mortgage options that benefit low- to moderate-income households. The program targets first-time homebuyers, who are required to complete an online educational course. Upon completing the course, buyers are eligible to receive three percent toward closing costs when purchasing a foreclosure home owned by Fannie Mae. Buyers can also make a down payment that is as low as three percent.", "A Good Fit For: First-time homebuyers who are interested in purchasing a real-estate owned (REO) property, and who would benefit from a low down payment requirement, plus closing cost assistance.", "Who\u2019s Eligible: Low- to moderate-income households who have not purchased home before, or within the past three years, and who have completed the HomePath Ready Buyer education program.", "If anything could be dubbed the eBay of homes for sale, then the HUD\u2019s Dollar Home portal would be it. When a homeowner defaults on a mortgage that was insured by the FHA, it is foreclosed upon and repossessed by the federal government. These homes are then re-sold to the public and nonprofit entities at affordable prices, along with low down payment requirements and allowances that can be used to pay for closing costs or repairs. Interested buyers can bid on properties through the HUD Home Store, although bids must be submitted by their licensed broker or agent. If you are interested in purchasing a dollar home as an investment property, be sure to visit this HUD Homes 101 resource for investors.", "A Good Fit For: Buyers who are willing to take on a foreclosure property containing up to four units that are sold \u201cas is.\u201d They should also want to live in the property as their primary residence for a minimum of two years.", "Who\u2019s Eligible: Owner-occupants who have an approved loan or who can offer cash. For example, buyers can obtain an FHA-insured loan with a minimum credit score of 580 and a 3.5 percent down payment.", "You may have noticed that most of these programs offer low down payment requirements. It is important to note, however, that down payments under 20 percent of the home value will typically result in mortgage insurance fees. If you prefer to put down a large down payment to avoid these fees, here is a resource on how to save for a house.", "These homeownership programs offer solutions to many Americans who would otherwise be unable to attain their dream of homeownership. Not taking advantage of these types of programs due to a lack of awareness is equivalent to leaving money on the table. Explore your options and find out if you might qualify for homeownership much sooner than you had imagined.", "Will any of these homeownership programs help you achieve your dream of buying a home? Feel free to discuss in the comments below:" ] }, { "url": "https://www.frameworkhomeownership.org/", "title": "Home Framework", "content": [ "Owning a home is rewarding in so many ways. And as any homeowner knows, it\u2019s also a big responsibility. There are new questions to consider all the time, and those questions require confident decision making. Framework provides the information and unbiased advice you need to be smart and successful \u2014 whether you\u2019re just thinking about buying or learning how to protect your investment for years to come.", "What our homebuyers are saying", "It was all new to us", "\u201cWe\u2019re young so homebuying is new to us. It was really great information for us to know. It helped us understand our fixed versus variable costs, and where we could save on our monthly spending. Any homebuyer would benefit from taking this course.\u201d", "This was our first time buying a home, so there was a lot of terminology ... it was perfect timing for me to really understand it all as I was in the middle of figuring out what people were sending me and what everything meant.", "Confidence, period", "It was exactly what I was trying to make sense of in the documents they had sent me literally earlier that day ... Going into submitting the documents the next day, it made me more confident that what I\u2019m submitting is correct, and the amounts are right.", "I wouldn\u2019t change anything", "\u201cI was actually surprised how much information I learned even after having bought and owned a home for seven years. I really wouldn\u2019t change anything. It flows quite well and isn t overwhelming.\u201d", "When I first considered whether I could afford to buy my own home, I was a little nervous... to say the least. Your course became my best friend! Every question I had along the way was answered.", "I feel like it was worth the time and money and I have a much clearer idea of what new adventure I am getting into! I want to buy a house now more than ever and feel like I can do it!", "I now have other resources", "I liked that it was self paced and I took my time. I ended up with 29 pages on a legal pad worth of notes to reference back to as well as coming back to the course. I also liked all of the bookmarks, as I now have other resources as well.", "Eight smart ways to pay for home renovations", "Is there a big gap between your dream house and the one you actually own? Home equity is just one way to finance renovations. Know your options!", "Save energy and money with this diet for your dryer", "Your clothes dryer is one of the biggest energy hogs in your house. Turn these 10 tips into habits, and you\u2019ll see the difference in your bill.", "Offered and accepted by", "Interested in partnering with Framework?" ] }, { "url": "https://www.consumerfinance.gov/find-a-housing-counselor/", "title": "Find a Housing Counselor Consumer Financial Protection", "content": [ "Housing counselors near you", "The counseling agencies on this list are approved by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and they can offer independent advice about whether a particular set of mortgage loan terms is a good fit based on your objectives and circumstances, often at little or no cost to you. This list shows you several approved agencies in your area. You can find other approved counseling agencies at the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau\u2019s (CFPB) website: consumerfinance.gov/mortgagehelp or by calling 1-855-411-CFPB (2372). You can also access a list of nationwide HUD-approved counseling agencies at: https://apps.hud.gov/offices/hsg/sfh/hcc/hcs.cfm", "Housing counselors throughout the country can provide advice on buying a home, renting, defaults, foreclosures, and credit issues. Using the search box below, you can find one near you. The counseling agencies on this list are approved by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and they can offer independent advice about whether a particular set of mortgage loan terms is a good fit based on your objectives and circumstances, often at little or no cost to you. This list will show you several approved agencies in your area. There is also a list of nationwide HUD-approved counseling agencies .", "This tool is powered by HUD s official list of housing counselors.", "If you notice errors in the housing counselor data, contact housing.counseling@hud.gov.", "According to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, an agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a valid OMB control number. The OMB control number for this collection is 3170-0025 . It expires on 04/30/2016. Using this tool to generate a list of HUD-Approved Housing Counseling Agencies is voluntary however, if you are an entity subject to 12 CFR \u00a7 1024 (78 FR 6856 (Jan. 31, 2013)), you are required to provide this list as specified in the regulation. Comments regarding this collection of information, including suggestions for improving the usefulness of the information, or suggestions for reducing the burden to respond to this collection should be submitted to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (Attention: PRA Office), 1700 G Street NW, Washington, DC 20552, or by email to PRA@cfpb.gov." ] }, { "url": "https://www.tdhca.state.tx.us/mh/ownership-location.htm", "title": "Statements of Ownership and Location TDHCA", "content": [ "Buying Flood Damaged Manufactured Homes", "Salvaged Application Procedures (PDF)", "Priority Handling Service Now Available", "Statement of Ownership Application Instructions (PDF)", "Consumer Brochure (PDF)", "Informaci\u00f3n al consumidor (PDF)", "Research Manufactured Homeownership Records - Before you buy a used manufactured home or submit an application to transfer ownership, please check department records for current ownership information, mortgage liens, and tax liens. You may do so by searching our database on the web, or by calling us. Be prepared to provide the complete serial number and HUD label or Texas Seal number for the manufactured home.", "Tips for Successful Ownership and Lien Recordation (en Espa\u00f1ol) (PDF)", "Ownership and Location Forms", "Warranty and Disclosure for a Used Manufactured Home (PDF)", "Application for Statement of Ownership (PDF fillable)", "Addendum to Application for Statement of Ownership (PDF)", "Form B - Release of Lien or Foreclose of Lien (PDF fillable)", "Form C - Statement of Inheritance (PDF fillable)", "Form M - Multiple Applications (PDF fillable)", "Instructions to Third Party Closer (PDF)", "Habitability Inspection Form (PDF fillable)", "Salvage Inspection Form (PDF fillable)", "Notice of Intent to Acquire Abandoned Manufactured Home (PDF fillable)", "Priority Handling Sheet (PDF fillable)", "Field Verification Inspection Request Form (PDF fillable)", "Ownership Affidavit of Fact (PDF fillable)", "Ownership Affidavit of Error (PDF fillable)", "Affidavit of Fact for Right of Survivorship Ownership (PDF fillable)", "Affidavit of Fact for Real Property (PDF fillable)", "Affidavit of Fact for Abandonment (PDF fillable)", "View home installation & inspection records - Use this option to view home installation and inspection information. To search for installation and inspection information you will be asked to enter the home s label/seal number, serial number, or owner s name." ] } ], "selected_contents": [ [ false ], [ false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ] ] }, "timestamp": 1616077693 }, { "action": "Apprentice => Wizard", "text": "I have not - a daunting task. Just getting moved in now - a little bungalow BUT close to downtown!", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077739 }, { "action": "Wizard => SearchAgent", "text": "bungalow", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077760 }, { "action": "SearchAgent => Wizard", "text": "", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.bankrate.com/real-estate/what-is-a-bungalow-home/", "title": "What is a Bungalow House Housing for Beginnings Bankrate", "content": [ "What is a bungalow home?", "Ken Wiedemann/Getty Images", "Most home buyers have some sense of the architectural style of the home they\u2019re looking for, whether it\u2019s a Colonial, a ranch, or a split level. Another style worth considering is a bungalow. Here\u2019s what you need to know:", "While Realtors may use the term \u201cbungalow\u201d to describe any small or single-level home, true bungalows are a specific style of home. Bungalow houses stand one- to one-and-a-half stories tall with inviting front porches shaded by roof overhangs held up by visible beams and rafters. The living area of bungalow homes often features built-in cabinetry and is typical flanked by two or three bedrooms.", "Bungalows originated in South Asia (the name comes from the Bengal region). They were designed to shield homes from the hot sun, with the wide roof keeping both the home and the porch shaded. The houses gained popularity in California in the early 1900s before spreading across the rest of the country, fueled by the Arts & Crafts movement. Since they were small and relatively inexpensive, bungalows offered the first chance at homeownership for many working-class people.", "What are the different types of bungalow homes?", "There are many types of bungalows, and the definitions aren\u2019t cut and dried, but here\u2019s a look at common styles, as detailed in the book American Bungalow Style:", "Craftsman bungalow: This is the classic bungalow home, built during the early 1900s (or styled after those built around that time), often from a kit ordered from a catalogue.", "Queen Anne: Queen Anne bungalows have a Victorian flair, with shingled or clapboard-covered sides, wraparound porches, and a medium-pitched roof.", "Mission style: These bungalows take inspiration from Spanish architecture, with round arches, art glass, and tile roofs.", "Prairie style: Developed by a group of architects in Chicago, these homes feature low-pitched roofs and a linear design.", "What are the pros and cons of living in a bungalow house?", "Since bungalow homes are often smaller than other single-family homes, they may cost less to purchase (although they may cost more per square foot).", "Single-floor living can be appealing to young families and retirees or those with mobility issues.", "While not quite a tiny house, the smaller size of a bungalow means that your utility bills will likely be lower than those in a larger home, and the property may have a smaller carbon footprint.", "Older bungalows may have unique features like built-in cabinets and lighting, wainscoting, and exposed ceiling beams. \u201cFor people who like that design, they have real charm,\u201d says architect Peter LaBau, author of The New Bungalow Kitchen. \u201cThey\u2019re beautiful and efficient and a great place to live.\u201d", "There\u2019s more potential to expand if you need more space in the future, since you can either build up or out (though the finished home may no longer be considered a bungalow). Many bungalows have a loft that can easily convert into either storage or living space.", "Often located in cities or destination towns, bungalows may have appeal as a vacation property or second home.\u201cA bungalow can be a charming place to get away to,\u201d says Judy Zeder, a Realtor-Associate with the Jills Zeder Group at Coldwell Banker in Coral Gables, Florida. \u201cIf you\u2019re going somewhere and you don\u2019t want to live in a high-rise condo or own another big house. You just want a little place to fly into on the weekend.\u201d", "Though solidly built, many bungalows were constructed around 100 years ago. That means they may require additional upkeep and expenses, depending on how well they\u2019ve been maintained by previous owners.", "By design, bungalows let little sunlight into the property, so the interiors tend to be darker than other types of homes.", "The bedrooms and bathrooms in bungalows tend to be smaller than those in newer homes, and tend to offer less storage space.", "The layout of many bungalows means that the bedrooms are in close proximity to the living room and kitchen, which can make it difficult to entertain while family members are sleeping. \u201cOnce the kids are a little older, the parents don\u2019t really want to be socializing while the kids are right next door,\u201d says Fiona Dogan, a Realtor with Sotheby\u2019s International Realty in Rye, New York.", "You may need to put additional home security measures in place, since all windows are accessible to potential burglars from the ground.", "If you\u2019re not up for major renovations and expect your family or space needs to grow, you may not be able to stay in a bungalow for the long term.", "Who are bungalow homes best for?", "At between 1,000 and 2,000 square feet, bungalows are a great option for young families looking for a starter home or retirees hoping to downsize in a home without stairs, or single homeowners who want the single-family home lifestyle without managing a huge property.", "Find other housing types:", "Who it\u2019s right for:", "Apartment Apartments are suited for anyone looking to stay in a prime location for a cheaper price near shopping, restaurant and entertainment centers, often at a more affordable cost than buying a condo or single-family home.", "Condominium Condos appeal to those looking for a lower-maintenance living, home with a sense of security, opportunities to be social with neighbors, among other factors.", "Townhouse Townhouses are a particularly good option or first-time homebuyers or other budget-minded home buyers who want more space than typically afforded in a condo.", "Modular home Modular homes are enticing to empty-nesters looking to downsize, couples looking for backyard units, like tiny homes or families looking to upgrade their dated properties in nice but expensive neighborhoods.", "Single-family home Single-family homes are best for families who prefer a huge yard and plenty of room to spread out. Others still prefer a low-maintenance condo or townhome that includes benefits like landscaping, snow removal and exterior maintenance.", "Multi-family home Multi-family homes are best for those who are interested in getting into real estate investing and are comfortable with the added responsibility and time commitment that comes with being a landlord.", "Bungalow home At between 1,000 and 2,000 square feet, bungalows are a great option for young families looking for a starter home or retirees hoping to downsize in a home without stairs, or single homeowners who want the single-family home lifestyle without managing a huge property.", "Ranch home Ranch homes are ideal for anyone who prefers single-story living. Singles, couples and families with children can find something to love about a ranch home.", "What are multi-family homes?", "How to back out of an accepted home purchase offer", "What is a single-family home?", "6 tips to sell your house before the end of the year" ] }, { "url": "https://www.houseplans.com/collection/bungalow-house-plans", "title": "Bungalow House Plans Floor Designs Houseplans com", "content": [ "Bungalow house plans are related to the Craftsman Style but refer more specifically to small, one-story gabled houses with front or rear porches. The Bungalow style was popular in the United States in the early 1900s and has inspired many architectural descendants.To see more bungalow house plans try our advanced floor plan search.", "$0 - $999 1156", "$1000 - $1999 624", "Island Basement 0", "Stem Wall Foundation 3", "Walk Out Basement 5", "Micro Cottage 2", "Play house 0", "Play structure 0", "Formal Dining Room 62", "Lower Level Bedrooms 3", "Main Floor Bedrooms 408", "Main Floor Master Bedroom 744", "Split Bedrooms 382", "2 Master Suites 16", "Upstairs Bedrooms 223", "Walk In Closet 1366", "Butler s Pantry 59", "Kitchenette Wet Bar 118", "Walk In Pantry Cabinet Pantry 578", "Den Office Study Computer 610", "Main Floor Laundry 403", "Master Sitting Area 130", "Media Room 38", "Mud Room 273", "Open Floor Plan 76", "Play Flex Room 190", "Safe Room / Hidden Room 0", "Storage Area 648", "Sunroom 136", "Upstairs Laundry 118", "Wet Bar 17", "Wine Cellar 13", "Front Entry Garage 203", "Golf Cart Storage 1", "Rear Entry Garage 107", "Rear Garage 108", "RV Garage 5", "Side Entry Garage 288", "Split Garage 32", "Breezeway 17", "Covered Front Porch 1226", "Covered Rear Porch 541", "Grill Deck Sundeck 194", "Outdoor Fireplace 1", "Screened Porch 138", "Economical To Build 109", "Empty Nester 152", "Jack & Jill Bath 141", "Two Family Home 1", "Unusual Shape 16", "Wheelchair Adaptable 34", "Suited For Corner Lot 405", "Suited For Sloping Lot 214", "Plan 1042-17 from $1400.00" ] }, { "url": "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bungalow.asp", "title": "Bungalow Definition", "content": [ "What is a Bungalow", "A bungalow is a one-story house, cottage or cabin. Bungalows are generally small in terms of square footage, but it is not uncommon to see very large bungalows. Bungalows were originally designed to provide affordable, modern housing for the working class.", "BREAKING DOWN Bungalow", "Bungalows are most often one-story houses, although they often also include an additional half story, usually with a sloped roof. There are various types of bungalows, including raised bungalows that have basements partially above ground to let in additional sunlight. There are also some that branch away from the original definition by adding additional levels such as lofts and half levels. Common features of the bungalow include a dormer window and a veranda.", "Bungalow Characteristics", "They are small and easy to maintain, and are therefore great homes for elderly or disabled people. Bungalows are also cost-efficient; heating and cooling costs tend to be lower, and the property value tends to remain relatively high. Because bungalows occupy more square footage than multi-story homes, they tend to allow more space for modifications and additions. They also afford more privacy than most traditional homes, as they re low to the ground and the windows can easily be blocked by trees, shrubs and fences.", "On the other hand, bungalows tend to occupy a larger area of land than their multi-story counterparts; since they don t extend upwards, they take up more square footage on the first floor. This means that the initial costs are higher, since they cost more per square foot, and they also require more material for roofing. Bungalows also tend to have smaller and fewer rooms extending off a larger living room, as opposed to large bedrooms or an open floor plan. Also, because they re low to the ground, they re more susceptible to break-ins; therefore, it s a good idea to invest in a home security system if you purchase a bungalow.", "History of Bungalows", "Bungalows were first built in the South Asian region of Bengal. Bungalows, which derive their name from Hindi, were first identified as such by British sailors of the East India Company in the late 17th century. As time progressed, a bungalow came to refer to a large dwelling, often representing high social status in both Britain and America.", "The term bungalow as we now know it \u2013 a small dwelling, typically one story \u2013 developed in the 20th century, although its definition varies in different areas of the world. For example, in India today, the term generally refers to any single-family dwelling, regardless of how many stories it has. In Canada and the United Kingdom, a bungalow almost exclusively refers to one-story units. Australia tends toward the California bungalow, a type of bungalow that was popular in the United States from about 1910 to 1940 and expanded abroad as Hollywood became popular and increased the desirability of American-made products. The California bungalow is one to one-and-a-half stories and features a large porch, sloping roof and Spanish-inspired details. Other types of now-popular bungalow styles include the Chicago bungalow, which has Chicago roots circa 1920s and is typically made of brick, and the chalet bungalow, which deviates from the one-story norm by having a second-story loft.", "Real estate is property made up of land as well as anything on it, including buildings and natural resources.", "A squatter is a person who occupies a property with no legal claim to it but may gain adverse possession of the property through involuntary transfer.", "Shared Equity Finance Agreements", "Shared equity finance agreements occur when two parties purchase a primary residence because one party is unable to purchase the residence on its own.", "A leasehold improvement is an alteration made to a rental premises in order to customize it for the specific needs of a tenant.", "Non-REO Foreclosure", "A non-REO foreclosure, or non-real estate owned foreclosure, is a foreclosure process that ends without the lender taking ownership of the property.", "NAHB/Wells Fargo Housing Market Index", "The NAHB/Wells Fargo Housing Market Index is based on a monthly survey of members belonging to the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) that is designed to measure sentiment for the U.S. single-family housing market.", "What $200,000 Will Buy In The Atlanta Real Estate Market", "What $200,000 Will Buy In The Chicago Real Estate Market", "Importance of Home Inspection Contingency", "6 Things You Think Add Value To Your Home - But Really Don t", "9 Things to Know About Homeowners Associations" ] }, { "url": "https://www.thebungalowrestaurant.com/", "title": "The Bungalow Restaurant Steak House in Newport Beach CA", "content": [ "2441 East Coast Highway | Corona del Mar, CA | (949) 673-6585", "Restaurant Week Promotion", "$40.00 Dinner", "Nestled in the Heart of Corona del Mar\u2026 Lies The Bungalow Restaurant.", "This charming Craftsman style restaurant is minutes from the heart of Newport Beach\u2019s premier business and shopping center, Fashion Island, yet it feels miles apart. Rich tones, dark wood and private booths have made The Bungalow a dining favorite for residents and visitors alike.", "We are located at 2441 East Coast Highway in Corona del Mar, California. Contact us at (949) 673-6585.", "The Bungalow features specialty Steaks \u2013 everything from Filet Mignon to Bone-in Rib Eye prepared in a variety of ways, to a 24 oz. Chateaubriand for Two. We also feature fresh seafood dishes including Miso-Marinated Chilean Sea Bass, Blackened King Salmon and Pan Seared Dry Scallops. Rack of Lamb and our Double Pork Chop are also guest favorites.", "The Bungalow recently introduced lunch service available Monday through Friday. It\u2019s the perfect spot for a casual or business lunch. Favorites included Lime-Marinated Grilled Chicken Salad, Chicken Papaya Salad, Classic Beef Dip, Grilled Mahi Mahi and our signature Bungalow Burger, just to name a few.", "Wine, Martinis & Craft Cocktails", "We also feature an award winning wine list that has over 20 premium wines by the glass and over 160 bottled wines from our wine cellar. Our cocktail lounge features specialty Martinis, presented in our chilled, oversize martini glasses, in addition to our premium full service cocktail lounge. The Bungalow has become famous for our specialty Craft Cocktails.", "Sign Up for Delicious News & Info", "2441 E. Coast Hwy.", "Monday\u2014Friday: 11:30am\u2013Close", "Saturday & Sunday: 4:30pm\u2013Close", "Copyright @ 2017 The Bungalow Restaurant" ] }, { "url": "https://bungalowclassic.com/", "title": "Home Bungalow Classic", "content": [ "$330 24 w | 28 d | 34.5 h", "Morganne Coffee Table", "44 w | 34 d | 19.25 h", "Queen Anne Side Chair", "20 w | 21.5 d | 40 h", "Bleached Oak Buffet", "68 w | 23.5 d | 40.25 h", "Antique Extension Table", "50 w | 38 d | 31 h", "Antique 49.5\u2033 Oak Chest", "49.5 w | 27.5 d | 31 h", "24 w | 28 d | 34.5 h", "IT\u2019S A PLEASURE TO SEE YOU!", "Log in now and make the most of Bungalow Classic.", "Please log in if you are a registered user to access your personalized content.", "You can register for a new account during order checkout process.", "#currentlycraving", "We invite you to explore our airy, light filled space where you\u2019ll discover antiques, furniture crafted from unique reclaimed materials, upholstery, lighting and other intriguing objects. Each curated piece in the collection is meant to be an expression of harmony: our tailored sofas and chairs are impeccably stylish and never sacrifice comfort. Through an ever-changing collection, we promise you a timeless sensibility that mirrors your own curated individuality.", "Luca Chest", "A classic reeded front chest. The Luca works well in any type of aesthetic, whether modern or traditional. Great as a hall chest, in the living room or in the bedroom. The Luca comes in many different paints and stains.", "Chairs, Sofas, Ottomans & Benches, Bar & Counter Stools, and Dining Chairs & Banquettes.", "Beds, Chests, Cocktail Tables, Consoles, Side Tables and Tables & Desks.", "Chandeliers, Floor Lamps, Sconces and Table Lamps.", "Fine Art, Home Accessories, Mirrors, Pillows and Textiles.", "The layer that every room needs. That special piece that no one else has. Our collection comes from France, Belgium, England, Sweden and Asia. It is constantly changing, so it is always best to stop by the store to see what has just arrived.", "Made by hand, made by artisans", "1197 HOWELL MILL RD., ATLANTA, GA 30318", "Contact Concierge Bungalow to Customize" ] } ] }, "timestamp": null }, { "action": "Wizard => Apprentice", "text": "A bungalow is a great option, plenty of space to decorate and really make it your own.", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.bankrate.com/real-estate/what-is-a-bungalow-home/", "title": "What is a Bungalow House Housing for Beginnings Bankrate", "content": [ "What is a bungalow home?", "Ken Wiedemann/Getty Images", "Most home buyers have some sense of the architectural style of the home they\u2019re looking for, whether it\u2019s a Colonial, a ranch, or a split level. Another style worth considering is a bungalow. Here\u2019s what you need to know:", "While Realtors may use the term \u201cbungalow\u201d to describe any small or single-level home, true bungalows are a specific style of home. Bungalow houses stand one- to one-and-a-half stories tall with inviting front porches shaded by roof overhangs held up by visible beams and rafters. The living area of bungalow homes often features built-in cabinetry and is typical flanked by two or three bedrooms.", "Bungalows originated in South Asia (the name comes from the Bengal region). They were designed to shield homes from the hot sun, with the wide roof keeping both the home and the porch shaded. The houses gained popularity in California in the early 1900s before spreading across the rest of the country, fueled by the Arts & Crafts movement. Since they were small and relatively inexpensive, bungalows offered the first chance at homeownership for many working-class people.", "What are the different types of bungalow homes?", "There are many types of bungalows, and the definitions aren\u2019t cut and dried, but here\u2019s a look at common styles, as detailed in the book American Bungalow Style:", "Craftsman bungalow: This is the classic bungalow home, built during the early 1900s (or styled after those built around that time), often from a kit ordered from a catalogue.", "Queen Anne: Queen Anne bungalows have a Victorian flair, with shingled or clapboard-covered sides, wraparound porches, and a medium-pitched roof.", "Mission style: These bungalows take inspiration from Spanish architecture, with round arches, art glass, and tile roofs.", "Prairie style: Developed by a group of architects in Chicago, these homes feature low-pitched roofs and a linear design.", "What are the pros and cons of living in a bungalow house?", "Since bungalow homes are often smaller than other single-family homes, they may cost less to purchase (although they may cost more per square foot).", "Single-floor living can be appealing to young families and retirees or those with mobility issues.", "While not quite a tiny house, the smaller size of a bungalow means that your utility bills will likely be lower than those in a larger home, and the property may have a smaller carbon footprint.", "Older bungalows may have unique features like built-in cabinets and lighting, wainscoting, and exposed ceiling beams. \u201cFor people who like that design, they have real charm,\u201d says architect Peter LaBau, author of The New Bungalow Kitchen. \u201cThey\u2019re beautiful and efficient and a great place to live.\u201d", "There\u2019s more potential to expand if you need more space in the future, since you can either build up or out (though the finished home may no longer be considered a bungalow). Many bungalows have a loft that can easily convert into either storage or living space.", "Often located in cities or destination towns, bungalows may have appeal as a vacation property or second home.\u201cA bungalow can be a charming place to get away to,\u201d says Judy Zeder, a Realtor-Associate with the Jills Zeder Group at Coldwell Banker in Coral Gables, Florida. \u201cIf you\u2019re going somewhere and you don\u2019t want to live in a high-rise condo or own another big house. You just want a little place to fly into on the weekend.\u201d", "Though solidly built, many bungalows were constructed around 100 years ago. That means they may require additional upkeep and expenses, depending on how well they\u2019ve been maintained by previous owners.", "By design, bungalows let little sunlight into the property, so the interiors tend to be darker than other types of homes.", "The bedrooms and bathrooms in bungalows tend to be smaller than those in newer homes, and tend to offer less storage space.", "The layout of many bungalows means that the bedrooms are in close proximity to the living room and kitchen, which can make it difficult to entertain while family members are sleeping. \u201cOnce the kids are a little older, the parents don\u2019t really want to be socializing while the kids are right next door,\u201d says Fiona Dogan, a Realtor with Sotheby\u2019s International Realty in Rye, New York.", "You may need to put additional home security measures in place, since all windows are accessible to potential burglars from the ground.", "If you\u2019re not up for major renovations and expect your family or space needs to grow, you may not be able to stay in a bungalow for the long term.", "Who are bungalow homes best for?", "At between 1,000 and 2,000 square feet, bungalows are a great option for young families looking for a starter home or retirees hoping to downsize in a home without stairs, or single homeowners who want the single-family home lifestyle without managing a huge property.", "Find other housing types:", "Who it\u2019s right for:", "Apartment Apartments are suited for anyone looking to stay in a prime location for a cheaper price near shopping, restaurant and entertainment centers, often at a more affordable cost than buying a condo or single-family home.", "Condominium Condos appeal to those looking for a lower-maintenance living, home with a sense of security, opportunities to be social with neighbors, among other factors.", "Townhouse Townhouses are a particularly good option or first-time homebuyers or other budget-minded home buyers who want more space than typically afforded in a condo.", "Modular home Modular homes are enticing to empty-nesters looking to downsize, couples looking for backyard units, like tiny homes or families looking to upgrade their dated properties in nice but expensive neighborhoods.", "Single-family home Single-family homes are best for families who prefer a huge yard and plenty of room to spread out. Others still prefer a low-maintenance condo or townhome that includes benefits like landscaping, snow removal and exterior maintenance.", "Multi-family home Multi-family homes are best for those who are interested in getting into real estate investing and are comfortable with the added responsibility and time commitment that comes with being a landlord.", "Bungalow home At between 1,000 and 2,000 square feet, bungalows are a great option for young families looking for a starter home or retirees hoping to downsize in a home without stairs, or single homeowners who want the single-family home lifestyle without managing a huge property.", "Ranch home Ranch homes are ideal for anyone who prefers single-story living. Singles, couples and families with children can find something to love about a ranch home.", "What are multi-family homes?", "How to back out of an accepted home purchase offer", "What is a single-family home?", "6 tips to sell your house before the end of the year" ] }, { "url": "https://www.houseplans.com/collection/bungalow-house-plans", "title": "Bungalow House Plans Floor Designs Houseplans com", "content": [ "Bungalow house plans are related to the Craftsman Style but refer more specifically to small, one-story gabled houses with front or rear porches. The Bungalow style was popular in the United States in the early 1900s and has inspired many architectural descendants.To see more bungalow house plans try our advanced floor plan search.", "$0 - $999 1156", "$1000 - $1999 624", "Island Basement 0", "Stem Wall Foundation 3", "Walk Out Basement 5", "Micro Cottage 2", "Play house 0", "Play structure 0", "Formal Dining Room 62", "Lower Level Bedrooms 3", "Main Floor Bedrooms 408", "Main Floor Master Bedroom 744", "Split Bedrooms 382", "2 Master Suites 16", "Upstairs Bedrooms 223", "Walk In Closet 1366", "Butler s Pantry 59", "Kitchenette Wet Bar 118", "Walk In Pantry Cabinet Pantry 578", "Den Office Study Computer 610", "Main Floor Laundry 403", "Master Sitting Area 130", "Media Room 38", "Mud Room 273", "Open Floor Plan 76", "Play Flex Room 190", "Safe Room / Hidden Room 0", "Storage Area 648", "Sunroom 136", "Upstairs Laundry 118", "Wet Bar 17", "Wine Cellar 13", "Front Entry Garage 203", "Golf Cart Storage 1", "Rear Entry Garage 107", "Rear Garage 108", "RV Garage 5", "Side Entry Garage 288", "Split Garage 32", "Breezeway 17", "Covered Front Porch 1226", "Covered Rear Porch 541", "Grill Deck Sundeck 194", "Outdoor Fireplace 1", "Screened Porch 138", "Economical To Build 109", "Empty Nester 152", "Jack & Jill Bath 141", "Two Family Home 1", "Unusual Shape 16", "Wheelchair Adaptable 34", "Suited For Corner Lot 405", "Suited For Sloping Lot 214", "Plan 1042-17 from $1400.00" ] }, { "url": "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bungalow.asp", "title": "Bungalow Definition", "content": [ "What is a Bungalow", "A bungalow is a one-story house, cottage or cabin. Bungalows are generally small in terms of square footage, but it is not uncommon to see very large bungalows. Bungalows were originally designed to provide affordable, modern housing for the working class.", "BREAKING DOWN Bungalow", "Bungalows are most often one-story houses, although they often also include an additional half story, usually with a sloped roof. There are various types of bungalows, including raised bungalows that have basements partially above ground to let in additional sunlight. There are also some that branch away from the original definition by adding additional levels such as lofts and half levels. Common features of the bungalow include a dormer window and a veranda.", "Bungalow Characteristics", "They are small and easy to maintain, and are therefore great homes for elderly or disabled people. Bungalows are also cost-efficient; heating and cooling costs tend to be lower, and the property value tends to remain relatively high. Because bungalows occupy more square footage than multi-story homes, they tend to allow more space for modifications and additions. They also afford more privacy than most traditional homes, as they re low to the ground and the windows can easily be blocked by trees, shrubs and fences.", "On the other hand, bungalows tend to occupy a larger area of land than their multi-story counterparts; since they don t extend upwards, they take up more square footage on the first floor. This means that the initial costs are higher, since they cost more per square foot, and they also require more material for roofing. Bungalows also tend to have smaller and fewer rooms extending off a larger living room, as opposed to large bedrooms or an open floor plan. Also, because they re low to the ground, they re more susceptible to break-ins; therefore, it s a good idea to invest in a home security system if you purchase a bungalow.", "History of Bungalows", "Bungalows were first built in the South Asian region of Bengal. Bungalows, which derive their name from Hindi, were first identified as such by British sailors of the East India Company in the late 17th century. As time progressed, a bungalow came to refer to a large dwelling, often representing high social status in both Britain and America.", "The term bungalow as we now know it \u2013 a small dwelling, typically one story \u2013 developed in the 20th century, although its definition varies in different areas of the world. For example, in India today, the term generally refers to any single-family dwelling, regardless of how many stories it has. In Canada and the United Kingdom, a bungalow almost exclusively refers to one-story units. Australia tends toward the California bungalow, a type of bungalow that was popular in the United States from about 1910 to 1940 and expanded abroad as Hollywood became popular and increased the desirability of American-made products. The California bungalow is one to one-and-a-half stories and features a large porch, sloping roof and Spanish-inspired details. Other types of now-popular bungalow styles include the Chicago bungalow, which has Chicago roots circa 1920s and is typically made of brick, and the chalet bungalow, which deviates from the one-story norm by having a second-story loft.", "Real estate is property made up of land as well as anything on it, including buildings and natural resources.", "A squatter is a person who occupies a property with no legal claim to it but may gain adverse possession of the property through involuntary transfer.", "Shared Equity Finance Agreements", "Shared equity finance agreements occur when two parties purchase a primary residence because one party is unable to purchase the residence on its own.", "A leasehold improvement is an alteration made to a rental premises in order to customize it for the specific needs of a tenant.", "Non-REO Foreclosure", "A non-REO foreclosure, or non-real estate owned foreclosure, is a foreclosure process that ends without the lender taking ownership of the property.", "NAHB/Wells Fargo Housing Market Index", "The NAHB/Wells Fargo Housing Market Index is based on a monthly survey of members belonging to the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) that is designed to measure sentiment for the U.S. single-family housing market.", "What $200,000 Will Buy In The Atlanta Real Estate Market", "What $200,000 Will Buy In The Chicago Real Estate Market", "Importance of Home Inspection Contingency", "6 Things You Think Add Value To Your Home - But Really Don t", "9 Things to Know About Homeowners Associations" ] }, { "url": "https://www.thebungalowrestaurant.com/", "title": "The Bungalow Restaurant Steak House in Newport Beach CA", "content": [ "2441 East Coast Highway | Corona del Mar, CA | (949) 673-6585", "Restaurant Week Promotion", "$40.00 Dinner", "Nestled in the Heart of Corona del Mar\u2026 Lies The Bungalow Restaurant.", "This charming Craftsman style restaurant is minutes from the heart of Newport Beach\u2019s premier business and shopping center, Fashion Island, yet it feels miles apart. Rich tones, dark wood and private booths have made The Bungalow a dining favorite for residents and visitors alike.", "We are located at 2441 East Coast Highway in Corona del Mar, California. Contact us at (949) 673-6585.", "The Bungalow features specialty Steaks \u2013 everything from Filet Mignon to Bone-in Rib Eye prepared in a variety of ways, to a 24 oz. Chateaubriand for Two. We also feature fresh seafood dishes including Miso-Marinated Chilean Sea Bass, Blackened King Salmon and Pan Seared Dry Scallops. Rack of Lamb and our Double Pork Chop are also guest favorites.", "The Bungalow recently introduced lunch service available Monday through Friday. It\u2019s the perfect spot for a casual or business lunch. Favorites included Lime-Marinated Grilled Chicken Salad, Chicken Papaya Salad, Classic Beef Dip, Grilled Mahi Mahi and our signature Bungalow Burger, just to name a few.", "Wine, Martinis & Craft Cocktails", "We also feature an award winning wine list that has over 20 premium wines by the glass and over 160 bottled wines from our wine cellar. Our cocktail lounge features specialty Martinis, presented in our chilled, oversize martini glasses, in addition to our premium full service cocktail lounge. The Bungalow has become famous for our specialty Craft Cocktails.", "Sign Up for Delicious News & Info", "2441 E. Coast Hwy.", "Monday\u2014Friday: 11:30am\u2013Close", "Saturday & Sunday: 4:30pm\u2013Close", "Copyright @ 2017 The Bungalow Restaurant" ] }, { "url": "https://bungalowclassic.com/", "title": "Home Bungalow Classic", "content": [ "$330 24 w | 28 d | 34.5 h", "Morganne Coffee Table", "44 w | 34 d | 19.25 h", "Queen Anne Side Chair", "20 w | 21.5 d | 40 h", "Bleached Oak Buffet", "68 w | 23.5 d | 40.25 h", "Antique Extension Table", "50 w | 38 d | 31 h", "Antique 49.5\u2033 Oak Chest", "49.5 w | 27.5 d | 31 h", "24 w | 28 d | 34.5 h", "IT\u2019S A PLEASURE TO SEE YOU!", "Log in now and make the most of Bungalow Classic.", "Please log in if you are a registered user to access your personalized content.", "You can register for a new account during order checkout process.", "#currentlycraving", "We invite you to explore our airy, light filled space where you\u2019ll discover antiques, furniture crafted from unique reclaimed materials, upholstery, lighting and other intriguing objects. Each curated piece in the collection is meant to be an expression of harmony: our tailored sofas and chairs are impeccably stylish and never sacrifice comfort. Through an ever-changing collection, we promise you a timeless sensibility that mirrors your own curated individuality.", "Luca Chest", "A classic reeded front chest. The Luca works well in any type of aesthetic, whether modern or traditional. Great as a hall chest, in the living room or in the bedroom. The Luca comes in many different paints and stains.", "Chairs, Sofas, Ottomans & Benches, Bar & Counter Stools, and Dining Chairs & Banquettes.", "Beds, Chests, Cocktail Tables, Consoles, Side Tables and Tables & Desks.", "Chandeliers, Floor Lamps, Sconces and Table Lamps.", "Fine Art, Home Accessories, Mirrors, Pillows and Textiles.", "The layer that every room needs. That special piece that no one else has. Our collection comes from France, Belgium, England, Sweden and Asia. It is constantly changing, so it is always best to stop by the store to see what has just arrived.", "Made by hand, made by artisans", "1197 HOWELL MILL RD., ATLANTA, GA 30318", "Contact Concierge Bungalow to Customize" ] } ], "selected_contents": [ [ false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ] ] }, "timestamp": 1616077853 }, { "action": "Apprentice => Wizard", "text": "exactly my thoughts as well!", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077904 } ], "start_timestamp": 1616077353 }, "3848": { "apprentice_persona": "My favorite athlete is nadal.\nhe will be the greatest tennis player", "dialog_history": [ { "action": "Wizard => SearchAgent", "text": "hobbies", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077437 }, { "action": "SearchAgent => Wizard", "text": "", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.mantelligence.com/list-of-hobbies/", "title": "The Ultimate List of Hobbies 549 handpicked hobby ideas", "content": [ "The Ultimate List of Hobbies \u2013 505 handpicked hobby ideas to try.", "by Ryan |", "Why do you need a list of hobbies?", "How you spend your free time is a big part of who you are. Hobbies help you to become a more well-rounded person, and eventually, they often turn into helpful life skills, long-term passions, and even careers.", "If you\u2019re interested in diving into a new pastime, this list of hobbies should make your life a little bit easier. Try the ones that look interesting, and then move on if you\u2019re not feeling it. Eventually you\u2019ll find one that sticks.", "Here are 505 good hobbies ideas for you to try:", "I recommend reading through all of these 505 list of hobbies to find your absolute favorites\u2026 but if you\u2019re looking for something specific, you can click the links below to jump to that section:", "That Make Money", "For Your 20\u2019s", "When You\u2019re Over 50 or Retired", "List of 57 Hobbies that Make Money", "Hobbies don\u2019t have to be money pits. In fact, some of there are hobbies that make money, and some can be quite lucrative.", "These hobbies are rewarding in more ways than one. Some of them can even turn into full-time income generators if you pursue them hard enough.", "Whether you\u2019re looking to make some extra pocket cash or change your career, this list of hobbies that make money could be your lucky ticket.", "Here are 57 of the best hobbies that make money:", "1. Writing/Blogging", "Writing is a hobby that can quickly turn into a career if you play your cards right. Start off by making a blog about anything that interests you, and then leverage that blog to get some freelance gigs.", "3. Refinishing furniture", "4. Flea Market Shopping", "7. Tapping Maple Trees", "9. Wine Making", "10. Playing the Stock Market", "Playing the stock market is a lot like gambling, but you can tip the odds in your favor if you follow it and do your homework.", "11. Taking Paid Surveys", "12. Beekeeping", "15. Proofreading and Editing", "17. Tattooing", "18. Performing Stand Up Comedy", "19. Drive Others Around", "Creating and editing images online is a blast, and you can learn to do it for free by watching some online tutorials. If you want to make some money, trying working on making company logos.", "21. Making T-Shirts", "22. Becoming a Fitness Instructor", "23. Starting a YouTube Channel", "24. Being a Handyman", "25. Decorating Homes", "26. Reviewing Things", "27. Pet Sitting", "28. Flipping Items", "Flipping items can be quite lucrative if you\u2019re good at finding deals. You can search local thrift stores, or scour the internet for the latest and greatest bargains.", "29. Becoming a Local Guide", "30. Pursuing Credit Card Rewards", "32. Buying and Selling", "33. Credit Card Collecting", "34. Creating and/or Editing Videos", "All you need is a decent camera and some editing software to become a YouTube sensation. After you get good at editing, you can find plenty of gigs that pay quite well. For inspiration, check out our men\u2019s YouTube dating channel here.", "35. Giving Advice or Opinions", "36. Create or sell pet clothing", "37. Create and sell gourmet pet treats", "38. Engravings", "39. Computer Technician", "40. Auto detailing", "41. Teaching and Tutoring Music", "If you\u2019re musically inclined, you can make a pretty penny sharing your skill with another person.", "42. Auto Customization", "43. Fitness or Yoga trainer", "44. Website optimization", "47. Home staging", "48. Financial planning", "49. Working On Cars", "Learning to work on cars is an incredibly useful skill, and it\u2019s a great way to make some cash. Restoring a vintage clunker with some friends is a great way to get your feet wet.", "50. Life coaching", "51. Cartooning & Animation", "52. Writing Music", "53. Tutoring Children", "54. Flower arranging", "55. Couponing", "56. Mobile Technician", "57. Coaching Local Sports", "If your dreams of becoming a professional sports star didn\u2019t quite pan out, you can still get paid to be on a sports team. Plus, you\u2019re doing something good for your community.", "List of Hobbies that are Cheap: 54 Ideas", "There are plenty of hobbies that you can enjoy on the cheap. If you\u2019re running low on funds, this list of hobbies can be enjoyed with little to no startup funds.", "Some of these cheap hobbies can be done with items you probably already have sitting around the house. Others require only your body and mind.", "Here are 54 of the best cheap hobbies:", "58. Bicycling", "Yes, the initial investment for a bike can be a little pricey, but after that you\u2019re good to go on the cheap. The money you spend on a bicycle will pay for itself in gas expenses anyways!", "60. Geneology", "61. Rock Painting", "62. Making time capsules", "63. Dog Training", "64. Road Biking", "Zen is free. If you have somewhere quiet to sit, you can meditate.", "66. Walking", "67. Candle making", "68. Beachcombing", "70. Cash Flow Planning", "71. Taking free online classes", "72. Magic Tricks & Card Tricks", "Got a deck of cards? Look up some magic tutorials on YouTube, then go blow your friends\u2019 minds.", "73. Keep abreast of news and current affairs", "74. Watch documentaries", "75. Guerrilla gardening", "76. Learn about philosophy", "77. Urban fruit picking", "78. Minimalism", "79. Journaling", "If you can afford a pencil and a notebook, you can keep a journal. You may even get a penny for your thoughts. Check out this post for some journal prompts + ideas.", "80. Go To Free Community Events", "81. Fostering Animals", "82. Become a Wikipedia editor", "83. Decluttering", "Your local library will hook you up. Go there. Bring home a mountain of books, and make your brain happy.", "86. Making Miniatures", "88. Tatebanko", "89. Quilling", "92. Playing Chess", "Chess is a fantastic hobby to share with a friend, and when you\u2019re alone you can work on your strategies or play online.", "93. Circuits Training", "94. Learning how to DIY", "96. Participate in trivia contests", "97. Noodling", "98. Attend Renaissance fairs", "99. Feng Shui Decorating", "100. Plan walking tours", "101. Crabbing", "102. Boxing", "All you need is some gloves and a bag to become the next world champion.", "103. Dog Walking", "104. Organize a neighborhood clean-up", "105. Shell fishing", "106. Fossil hunting", "107. Foraging", "108. Travel Hacking", "109. Lomography", "110. Learn how to make string figures", "111. Origami", "If you have some paper and some concentration, you can create wonderful paper art.", "List of 63 Hobbies for Men", "You\u2019re on this site, so it\u2019s reasonably safe to assume that you\u2019re a man. Well brother, this list of hobbies is for you.", "Of course, these hobbies for men can be enjoyed by women too, but they lean more on the male side of the spectrum. They\u2019re perfect for doing alone, or with your bros.", "Here are 63 of the best hobbies for men:", "112. Martial Arts", "Martial arts are a great way to improve your health, and self-defense is always a valuable skill.", "113. Working out", "114. Practicing Survival Skills", "115. Adventure Running", "116. Improving Your Memory", "117. Metal Working", "118. Hookah Smoking", "119. Caving", "120. Weight Lifting", "If you\u2019ve got some free time, why not get jacked? Join your local gym or find a used weight set on Craigslist.", "121. Jogging/Training for Marathon", "122. Spear Fishing", "123. Car Racing", "124. Offroading", "125. Firearm Enthusiast", "126. Fencing", "127. Bouldering", "128. Hunting", "129. Reviewing Gadgets", "Guys love gadgets. You can actually make your gadget obsession pay for itself if you review products on YouTube and gain a decent following.", "130. Woodworking", "131. Building Electronics", "132. Archery", "133. Rock Climbing", "134. Fly Fishing", "135. Flying", "136. Shooting/Marksmanship", "137. Becoming an Alcohol Connoisseur", "138. Hiking", "The desire to explore nature is ingrained in the human man. Embrace your inner animal.", "139. Collecting Military Paraphernalia", "140. Airplane Combat", "142. Base Jumping", "143. Beer Tasting", "144. Barbecuing", "145. Boat Making", "146. Community Activism", "147. Robot Making", "148. Pipe Making", "149. Racquetball", "150. Smoking Meat", "Making your own jerky is fun, cheap, and delicious. Share with your friends (or don\u2019t).", "151. Whisky Tasting", "152. Start Ground Hopping", "153. Chainsaw Carving", "154. Start An Allotment", "155. Anti-Gravity Cocooning", "156. LudoSport", "157. Retro Gaming", "158. Cliff Diving", "159. Amateur Geology", "160. Audiophile", "161. Beat Box", "162. Break Dancing", "163. Tomahawk/Hatchet Throwing", "Hatchet throwing is gaining popularity as a group activity, so check to see if you have a facility near you. If not, all you need is a hatchet, a backyard, and a stump.", "164. Ice Fishing", "165. Kitesurfing", "166. Motocross", "167. Paragliding", "168. Tequila Tasting", "169. Skeet Shooting", "170. Storm Chasing", "171. Orienteering Sports", "172. Jet sprint boat racing", "173. Drag boat racing", "174. Whittling", "There\u2019s something classic and timeless about making art with a knife and a stick.", "List of 40 Hobbies for Couples", "This hobbies list is wonderful for couples who don\u2019t want to get stuck in a rut. Pursuing one of these hobbies for couples, with your partner is a great way to stay motivated, plus you can learn from each other.", "Doing a hobby that you both enjoy is a great way to spend some quality time and strengthen your connection. Make sure you discuss these hobbies for couples together so you can decide on one that floats your both of your boats. Bonus: you can split any costs involved.", "Here are 40 of the best hobbies for couples:", "175. Yoga", "Turn your living room into a tranquil oasis. There are plenty of guided yoga courses on YouTube, so enjoy an ultra chill evening with your sweetheart bending your body into a pretzel.", "176. Snorkeling", "177. Touring Wineries", "178. Massage", "179. Babysitting", "180. Squash", "181. Wine/Cheese Tasting", "You don\u2019t need to go out to taste wine and cheese. Step 1) Buy wine. Step 2) Buy cheese. Step 3) Taste.", "182. Ballroom dancing", "183. Board Game Club", "184. Volunteering", "185. Sailing", "187. Starting an Etsy or eBay Store", "Whether you\u2019re flipping items, selling crafts, or drop-shipping, running a small business together is a great way to form a stronger bond and make some extra money.", "188. Star Gazing", "189. Homesteading", "190. Canoeing", "191. Bowling", "192. Entertaining & Event Hosting", "193. Learning a Foreign Language", "Take a language learning course, and then celebrate by visiting the language\u2019s country of origin together.", "194. Recipe Creation", "195. People Watching", "196. Picnicking", "197. Acroyoga", "198. Lamp making", "Taking dance lessons is super fun, and then you can blow your friends away at weddings.", "200. Chocolate Tasting", "201. Salsa dancing", "203. Badminton", "204. Theme night dates", "205. Self-Care", "206. World Record Breaking", "207. Renovating", "208. Weekend Adventuring", "209. Hosting Dinner Parties", "210. Road Trips", "211. Cosplaying", "212. Self Defense", "213. Zumba", "214. Cooking", "Cooking together is going to save you both money, plus you get to eat the delicious results.", "List of 64 Hobbies for Kids", "The younger you start a hobby, the better at it you\u2019re going to be. These hobbies are kid-friendly, but all age groups can enjoy them.", "Whether you\u2019re looking for a fun activity to do with a sibling, child, or student, this list of hobbies for kids won\u2019t disappoint. Just remember to pay attention to make sure the kid\u2019s having fun too.", "Here are 64 of the best hobbies for kids:", "Drawing is a great way for kids to let out their inner creativity. Supplies are super cheap too.", "216. Learning a New Sport", "217. Flying Model Planes", "218. Model Ship Building", "219. Sculpt with Clay/ Playdough", "220. Collecting Seashells", "221. Beach / Sand Building", "222. Nature Walk", "223. Zoo Visits", "224. Solving Mazes", "225. Balloon Twisting", "Start balloon twisting now and you\u2019re guaranteed to be the life of every party in college.", "226. Collecting Stickers", "227. Collecting Leaves", "228. Puppetry", "229. Playing T-Ball", "230. Mini Golf", "231. Playing Soccer", "232. Finger Painting", "233. Collecting Stamps", "234. Coloring", "235. Lego Building/Assembling", "Building Legos is a classic childhood activity. It\u2019s also fun for adults.", "236. Doll making", "237. Making birdfeeders and birdhouses", "238. Insect interest", "239. Crocheting", "240. Flower pressing", "241. Felting", "242. Trekking", "245. Skating", "246. Speed Cubing (Rubix Cube)", "The record for fastest speed cubing is constantly changing. Are you up for the challenge?", "247. Creating family trees", "248. Story-writing", "249. Collecting Baseball cards", "250. Tapestry", "251. Pencil sketching", "252. Comic book art", "253. Jewellery making", "254. Doing science experiments", "255. Flower making", "256. Learning How to Play Musical Instruments", "The younger you start, the better you\u2019ll get.", "257. Juggling", "258. Kite Flying", "259. Collecting Marbles", "260. Roller blading", "261. Collage making", "262. Slingshots", "263. Papermache", "264. Making bookmarks", "265. Making key holders", "266. Skateboarding", "Skateboarding is a great way to explore the neighborhood and meet cool people. It\u2019s also fantastic exercise", "267. Animal craft", "268. Acrobatics", "269. Jump Roping", "270. Color Guard", "271. Cheerleading", "274. Baton Twirling", "275. Scouting", "276. RC Model Racing", "277. Stone Skipping", "Kids are much more flexible than adults, so gymnastics comes easy. Haven\u2019t you always wanted to be able to do a backflip?", "List of Hobbies You Can Do Indoors: 60 Ideas", "Sometimes you just don\u2019t want to venture to the great outdoors to enjoy your hobby. These hobby ideas let you enjoy the modern comfort of a roof over your head while you do them.", "Perfect for bad weather, nighttime, and lazy days, this list of indoor hobbies can be enjoyed form the comfort of your own home.", "Here are 60 of the best indoor hobbies:", "279. Producing Electronic Music", "If you have a computer and some production software, you could write the next big EDM album. There will always be new techniques to learn and new gear to play with.", "280. Book Clubs", "281. Coffee Roasting", "282. Airbrushing", "283. Gunsmithing", "284. Pinochle", "285. Calligraphy", "286. Chocolate Making", "287. Ceramics", "288. Scrapbooking", "289. Fishkeeping", "Keeping a fish tank is an incredibly fascinating hobby that requires more attention to detail than most people realize. Aquariums also look awesome.", "290. Soap Making", "291. Knife Making", "292. Dandyism", "293. Collecting Model Trains", "294. War Gaming", "295. Making Your Own Hot Sauce", "296. Poker", "297. Playing Darts", "298. Sculpting", "299. Lockpicking", "A lockpicking kit is pretty cheap, and it gives you something to mess with when your bored. Once you get good at it, you can become a burglar or a locksmith, depending on how well you were raised.", "300. Watch making", "301. Jam Making", "302. Floristry", "303. Ghost Hunting", "304. 3D Printing and Physibles", "305. Macrame", "306. Knapping", "307. Lacemaking", "308. Lapidary", "310. Book Restoration", "311. Podcasting", "You\u2019ve got thoughts; tell them to the world. Some basic recording equipment is super cheap, so why not record next time you and your friends are having a discussion?", "312. Table Tennis", "313. Yo-Yoing", "314. Reef aquarium", "315. Bookbinding", "316. Building Dollhouses", "317. Conworlding", "318. Dominoes", "319. Matchstick Modeling", "320. Impersonations", "321. Inventing", "322. Kitchen Chemistry", "323. Knotting", "324. Playing Pool/Darts/Foosball", "Bar games are fun alone or with friends. Once you master them, you can become a shark at your local dive bar.", "325. Making Model Cars", "326. Tarot Reading", "327. Sushi Making", "328. Scale Miniature Building", "329. Collecting Diecast Cars", "330. Building ships in bottles", "332. Beatboxing", "333. Bridge Building", "334. Glowsticking", "335. Tatting", "336. Storytelling", "337. Embroidery", "338. Crossword Puzzles", "Few things in this world are as relaxing as chilling on your couch with a crossword puzzle and your favorite tunes.", "List of 53 Hobbies for Your 20\u2019s", "As a twenty-something, you\u2019ve got your whole life ahead of you. Why not make it count?", "Now is the perfect time to pick up some new hobbies. With any luck, you\u2019ll be enjoying them for many years to come.", "Here are 53 of the best hobbies for your 20\u2019s:", "339. Urban Exploration", "You\u2019re probably surrounded by fascinating architecture, landmarks, nature, and other cool hangout spots. Go out there and check it out; just make sure you\u2019re safe and legal about it.", "340. Tower Running", "341. Camping", "342. Surfing", "343. Laser tag", "345. Windsurfing", "346. Airsoft", "347. Swimming", "Swimming is super fun, and it\u2019s one of the best exercises out there. In your 30s, you\u2019re going to need to exercise more, so you might as well start developing positive habits now.", "348. Scuba Diving", "349. Paintballing", "350. Drone Flying", "351. Ultimate Frisbee", "352. Trail running", "353. Competitive Eating", "354. Collect Trainers", "355. Traveling", "Traveling is one of the most exciting hobbies, as the possibilities are virtually endless. Expand your horizons and experience new cultures, or at least get out of your state for a weekend.", "356. Wakeboarding", "357. Water Ski", "358. Wingsuit Flying", "359. Fire Poi", "360. Learning Sign Language", "361. Sandboarding", "362. River Rafting", "Running is a fantastic way to get to know your local neighborhoods, and it\u2019s really good for you.", "364. Rapping", "365. Parkour \u2013 Freerunning", "366. Parachuting", "367. Airsofting", "368. Boomerangs", "369. Go Kart Racing", "370. Lacrosse", "371. Starting a Band", "You\u2019ve matured past your teenage years but you\u2019re still young and attractive. All signs point to it\u2019s time to start a band.", "372. Powerboking", "373. Wrestling", "374. Flying Drones", "375. Ziplining", "376. Grip Strength", "377. Field hockey", "378. Rugby", "379. Speed skating", "380. Flag Football", "381. Beach Volleyball", "382. Writing Letters", "In today\u2019s digital world, a handwritten letter is always a treat. Surprise your friends and family.", "383. Frisbee Golf \u2013 Frolf", "384. Knife Throwing", "385. Skimboarding", "386. Dragon boat racing", "387. Cross Country Running", "388. Fell Running", "389. Track Cycling", "390. Surf lifesaving", "If you have a smartphone, you can get into photography. Go out and explore the world, and document the things that are most beautiful to you.", "In your thirties, you still have more than enough time to develop lifelong hobbies. In fact, there\u2019s no better time than now!", "These hobbies are ideal for people in their 30\u2019s because they\u2019re a lot of fun, but they can also turn into serious passions that last a lifetime.", "392. Blacksmithing", "Be honest; you\u2019ve always wanted to forge your own sword. Your quest awaits, so get started.", "394. Backpacking", "395. Sports \u2013 Refereeing", "396. Horseback Riding", "397. Distilling", "398. Landscaping", "399. Stone Working", "400. Skydiving", "Skydiving is a great way to pump some adrenaline into those old, weary bones.", "401. Cave Diving", "402. Discover microscopy", "403. Model Rockets", "404. Papermaking", "405. Gnoming", "406. Tour Skating", "407. Skiing/Snowboarding", "408. Home Brewing", "You\u2019re in your dirty thirties, so you may not be as into the bar scene as you once were. Brewing your own beer and enjoying it form the comfort of your couch is a sure sign that you\u2019re an adult now.", "409. Furniture Making", "410. Metal Detecting", "411. Geocaching", "412. Becoming A Film Buff", "413. Treasure Hunting", "414. Glass blowing", "415. Organize fundraising", "416. Mountain Biking", "Mountain Biking satiates your desire to spend more time in nature and do more extreme sports.", "417. Collecting Comic Books", "418. Neuro Linguistic Programming", "419. Gun Collecting", "420. Speed Reading", "421. Snowmobiling", "422. Shark Diving", "423. Pyrotechnics", "Buy a canvas and some paint, and see what happens., You might be the next Picasso.", "425. Letterboxing", "426. Hang Gliding", "427. Croquet", "428. Aircraft Spotting", "429. Fly Tying", "430. Four Wheeling", "431. Herping", "432. Grilling", "Becoming a grillmaster is a mouthwatering hobby. Don\u2019t be surprised when your friends start showing up to watch you practice. Check out these great gas grills to get started.", "433. Becoming a Rail Fan", "434. Slack Lining", "435. Tool Collecting", "436. Building Tesla Coils", "437. Surf Fishing", "438. Stamp Collecting", "439. Helping the Homeless", "440. Motorcycling", "Just you, your bike, and the open road. What could be better?", "441. Dumpster Diving", "442. Falconry", "443. Hot Air Ballooning", "444. Dog Sport", "445. Bicycle Polo", "446. Sand art", "447. Sculling or Rowing", "448. Astronomy", "It\u2019s a big universe. Trying to understand it can take a lifetime or longer, so you\u2019d better get started.", "449. Boat racing", "450. Outrigger Canoe racing", "451. Kicksled", "452. Skijoring", "453. Kinetic sculpture racing", "454. Polo", "455. Leather Making", "Leather making is fun, once you get good at it, you may be able to sell handcrafted leather items for a decent profit.", "List of 50 Hobbies Over 50 or Retired", "Your golden years are all about relaxing and enjoying your free time. What better way to accomplish that than by picking up a new hobby?", "By now, you might think you\u2019ve seen it all. Hopefully this list of hobbies gives you some new ideas, or at least inspires you to try something familiar. You\u2019re never too old to start a new chapter in life.", "Here are 50 of the best hobbies for people over 50 or retired:", "456. Rock and Mineral Collecting", "Rocks and minerals are quite fascinating, and you\u2019ll have a great time learning to tell them apart, catalog them, and learn about how they came to be.", "457. Collecting Sea glass", "458. Upholstery", "459. Woodburning", "460. RV Travelling", "461. Whale watching", "462. Gardening", "Gardening is a relaxing hobby that forces you to spend some time outside. Plus, at the end of the season, you get delicious homegrown food.", "464. Art collecting", "465. Food Preservation (Pickling, Canning)", "466. Using Ham Radio", "467. Taking Part Historical Reenactments", "468. Museum/Art Gallery Hopping", "469. Coin Collecting", "Finding that rare, elusive coin can be akin to a modern day treasure hunt.", "470. Infuse Alcohol", "471. Being A Cigar Aficionado", "472. Record Collecting", "473. Being A History Buff", "474. Terrarium Making", "475. Farming", "476. Aquascaping", "478. Growing Bonsais", "You can really get creative and meticulous with bonsai trees. You may be surprised by how fast the time flies as you manicure a tiny tree.", "479. Meteorology", "480. Found a charity group", "481. Cartography", "482. Taxidermy", "483. Astrology", "489. Graphology", "490. Tea Drinking", "Enjoy watching the sun rise as you cast off. It\u2019s not about catching fish. It\u2019s about the experience.", "492. Tai Chi", "493. Palm Reading", "494. Music Memorabilia", "495. Butterfly Watching", "496. Gyotaku", "497. Tombstone Rubbing", "498. Trainspotting", "Bird watching is one of the best ways to enjoy spending time outdoors without exerting yourself. It\u2019s such a thrill when you finally spot that rare bird.", "500. Rock Balancing", "501. Curling", "502. Fish Tournaments", "503. Cloud Watching", "504. Deltiology", "505. Antiquing", "You might feel nostalgic as you dig through items that you once owned. You may also have an advantage over other antique enthusiasts, as you can recognize the top-quality picks.", "Hobbies give you something new to look forward to when you wake up in the morning.", "Whether you\u2019re stuck in a rut or just looking to expand your horizons, trying new things is good for you. It builds character and helps you develop new mental and physical skills.", "Use this list of hobbies, to get started on a new, fulfilling hobby.", "\u2026But don\u2019t expect to be an expert. Many of these hobby ideas take years of dedication to really get down, and that\u2019s okay. Enjoy learning a new hobby with no pressure involved. Allow yourself to progress naturally, and you\u2019ll see results.", "The hardest part about any hobby is simply getting started. From there, it\u2019s all momentum.", "Previous101 This or That Questions \u2013 Thought-provoking conversation starters.", "Next39 Hobbies That Make Money \u2013 The only list you\u2019ll need!" ] }, { "url": "https://hobbyhelp.com/inspiration/list-of-hobbies/", "title": "100 Creative Fun Hobbies to Try Ultimate List 2021", "content": [ "Looking for a new hobby? Or trying to decide which one will be the best use of your limited free time? We\u2019ve got you covered.", "To make this massive list a little less daunting, we\u2019ve subdivided it into a few categories (though of course, there\u2019s sometimes overlap). Whether you crave adventure or like to hunker down with a good book and a cup of tea, you\u2019ll find plenty of hobby inspiration below.", "Food- and beverage-related hobbies", "Arts, crafts, and other skills", "Reading, writing, and learning", "Even more hobbies!", "1. Hiking: One of the best possible activities, hiking combines cardio fitness with beautiful views and quiet time to yourself. You can find a good place to hike almost anywhere, and it\u2019s the perfect way to get away from all the stress of your daily life.", "2. Backpacking: It\u2019s like hiking but better! You can stay out in the field for a single night, or for a whole month or more. Backpacking is truly the ideal way to escape from everything. It doesn\u2019t even have to be difficult, start simple and work up from there. If there\u2019s a better way to find peace, I haven\u2019t found it yet.", "3. Camping: If you want to be outside, but for whatever reason long distance treks aren\u2019t quite your thing, try some simple camping. From your backyard to the campground in your local state park, there\u2019s always a good place to camp.", "4. Hunting: If you enjoy the serenity of nature, but also want an additional challenge, or simply would like a way to source good-quality meat that isn\u2019t harmful to the environment, try hunting. If you hate blood, don\u2019t worry, so do I, but the satisfaction of knowing where your food comes from is worth it in my opinion. As one of the oldest human activities, hunting is a fine way to tune your senses in an activity that often goes past being a hobby and becomes a way of life.", "5. Fishing: Whether your idea of fishing is wading through a river in search of trout or kicking back lakeside, you\u2019ll find that this hobby can be as exciting or as laidback as you make it. And like hunting, it results in a delicious dinner. Just make sure to fish responsibly and get a permit!", "6. Archery: Maybe one of the most peaceful experiences you will find, archery is truly a form of meditation. It\u2019s rare to find an activity that combines physical and mental prowess so well. Even better, a beginner\u2019s bow isn\u2019t too expensive, and unlike firearms, bows won\u2019t make your ears ring.", "7. Canoeing: The water is a yet another perfect place to find peace. There is no feeling that can quite replicate the feeling of crashing over waves in a storm or fighting the wind with every stroke. You can canoe on rivers, lakes, ponds; anywhere there\u2019s water, you can canoe.", "8. Kayaking: Similar to canoeing, yet different in style. Kayaks are great for more punishing water conditions, especially open salt water. Kayaking is a great way to see the world from a new angle, and the unmatched maneuverability and handling of a good kayak will put a smile on your face.", "9. Running: Most people associate running with pain. I was one of those, but I was wrong. Start small, and for the love of everything good don\u2019t run only on a track. Find somewhere beautiful; I regularly trail run in the woods. Take it easy as you get in shape, stretch to avoid shin splints, and run at a pace that lets you enjoy it.", "10. Geocaching: A worldwide scavenger hunt, geocaching gives you the ideal excuse to see the world around you and then some. One of the big perks is that it lets you travel with a specific purpose instead of simply roaming.", "11. Growing Vegetables: If you enjoy gardening but want to take it to a more practical level, try growing your own vegetables. Make sure the specific ones you pick are suitable for your given climate, but once you figure that out, you can grow vegetables for a fraction of market price, and you get to control every step of production, ensuring food safety the whole time.", "12. Growing Flowers: A wonderful way to improve the look of your garden or home, flower growing is one of the best aesthetic choices you can make. Almost any arrangement is possible, within environmental limits. A plain grass yard is not the prettiest thing, but some flower beds really improve the look. Or try growing plants indoors or on balconies for interior decoration.", "13. Composting: Not only a hobby, but a way of life, composting helps you and your local environment. By composting, you get to reuse what would otherwise simply be wasted. Furthermore, you reduce the amount of rubbish that ends up in landfills. Compost also enriches soil for your plants, but just make sure what you compost is suitable for decomposing.", "14. Metal Detecting: For those who take a keen interest in history, metal detecting is a great way to get hands on experience with an area. If you want to be able to hold and own real pieces of history, metal detecting is a solid way to do this. There are ways to make money doing this, but most people simply enjoy the experience of searching for real historical artifacts.", "15. Bird Watching: As some of the most colorful and striking animals, birds are wonderful to watch. There are so many different kinds, each one with its own unique ways and habits. This peaceful hobby will get you outside, give you some exercise, and allow you to experience the natural world around you.", "16. Beekeeping: Bees are some of the most fascinating creatures on Earth. They are smart, industrious, and productive. Beekeeping can not only provide you with free, local honey, but it will give you experience with your local ecosystem. This is because bees depend on local plant life for their own sustenance, so a good apiarist gets to know the world around them.", "17. LARPing: Live Action Role Playing, or LARPing, is fantastic for a wide range of people who want to improve their historical knowledge, get to know new people, or just have fun. LARPing ranges from Dungeons & Dragons to medieval reenacting and Cowboy Action Shooting. This huge variety means that whatever your passion, you can find a way to make it happen.", "18. Parkour: If you\u2019re already active but want a further challenge, try parkour. It takes a bit of trial and error, but once proficient, you\u2019ll be able to impress your friends. Climbing the unclimbable is sure to keep you fit and fun.", "19. Astronomy: Every child looks up at the stars one day and wonders about them. As an adult, you can take this further. By learning the constellations, the motions of the stars, and other aspects of the night sky, you can bring that kid in you back to life. Or try a personal favorite, get a view of the Aurora Borealis!", "20. Meteorology: Weather is as fascinating as it is unpredictable. So learn some of the patterns and impress your family by telling them what will happen next in the sky. This is both useful and fun, so give it a shot.", "21. Kite Flying: Kites are ancient and capture imagination like little else does. Kites are a wonderful art form, and you can both learn to fly and build them. With a little practice, the flying itself is a thing of beauty.", "22. Sand Castle Making: If you love the beach, you\u2019ve certainly made sand castles at some point. I\u2019m all grown up, but I guarantee that if you put me on sand and walk away, there will be a castle there when you come back! Make them massive, or elaborate, or both!", "23. Hobby Horsing: Like horses but can\u2019t afford one? You can always buy a fake horse and get some solid cardio by riding it around a faux dressage course. This may sound ludicrous (honestly, it does look pretty funny), but it\u2019s very difficult and it\u2019s good for your cardio exercise. So give it a shot!", "24. Antiquing: Antiquing is the perfect hobby for history lovers. Find something that captures your passion! It can be furniture, cars, weapons, art, jewelry, the options are endless. Whatever you choose to collect, learn your topic to the last little detail and get the finest pieces you can find.", "25. Coin Collecting: If you like being meticulous and detailed, coin collecting is a solid way to focus yourself. If you are a completionist in video games, you\u2019re going to like coin collecting. Trying to get every last one will keep you busy for years.", "26. Stamp Collecting: Also for anyone who likes history, stamps often tell the stories of the nations they came from. Maybe you like Victoria Regina stamps, which tell the tale of Britain in the late 1800s, or maybe you fancy 1960s Soviet stamps instead. Find a period or place you love and collect the stamps to get a flavor of the people who made them.", "27. Vintage Clothing Collecting: Another great way to get to know an era or place, clothes collecting will teach you about their fabrics, stitching, and ways of life. Knowing how people dressed tells you a ton about them, so try it out and see what you can learn.", "28. Antique Car Collecting: Cars are awesome. Antique cars are more awesome. Try collecting them to learn a bit about their periods, about the people who made and drove them. Cars are a tangible symbol of their society, as they show a people\u2019s style.", "29. Antique Book and Manuscript Collecting: Books open doors into other worlds. Old books give you an even better sense of the author\u2019s original intent. Even better, learn a language and read texts as they were originally written. Every level of translation loses some meaning, so buy original books or manuscripts and read them yourself.", "30. Art Collecting: Art is a symbol of people\u2019s beliefs, hopes, and dreams. Artists express all of that in their work, and by collecting art you get to learn first-hand about what motivated and drove people. Learn about their history, what they loved and lived for. Art and art history allow you to learn all of this and more.", "31. Shell and Sea Glass Collecting: The beauty of the ocean, all in one piece. A shell or piece of sea glass is a wonderful memento of your time at the sea and will serve as a reminder forever of watching the sun rise or set over the water. The waves coming and going, and the sense of wonder that looking out to sea always brings. Shells take you back there, so collect a few to take the ocean with you everywhere.", "32. Leaf Collecting and Pressing: Leaves are intricate, each one different from the next, so collect and press a few of the best ones as a form of art. No matter where you are, these leaves will always remind you of trees. Keeping a piece of the outdoors with you is a wonderful way of staying grounded.", "33. Record Collecting: Nothing sounds quite like vinyl. So collect your favorite albums. Get all the best ones \u2013 Hank Williams Sr., Johnny Cash, The Beatles \u2013 and listen to them in their best format.", "34. Postcard Collecting: Postcards are wonderful reminders of places you and other people have been So keep some of the best ones to never forget where you have gone, and where you will go in the future.", "35. Shoe Collecting: A lot of people may get rid of shoes every year, but you can collect them, learn different styles and uses. This is far beyond simple utilitarianism; shoes are works of art, and each one can tell the story of its maker and owner.", "36. Toy Collecting: If you like Toy Story as much as I do, you appreciate the wonder of toys. So find a type you enjoy and collect them. They are great decorations and of course, you can always play with them.", "37. Memorabilia Collecting (e.g. Star Wars products): If you have a passion for a certain movie or game or book, collect some of its memorabilia. Not only does it often appreciate in value, it\u2019s a great way to keep the story you love close to your heart.", "38. Sports Memorabilia Collecting: Have a favorite team? Collect all of their memorabilia to cherish your favorite moments spent with friends or family at games. It goes beyond the simple sport, it\u2019s about the times that sport brings you to be around those you love.", "39. Rock Tumbling: Enjoy the natural beauty of rocks as both collectibles and decorations. You can tumble them yourself or simply keep them natural. Rocks are truly wonderful, and keeping your vases filled with them will add life to your house.", "40. Cooking: Like food? Cook it! There is so much more to food than a microwave. Cooking isn\u2019t hard at all; start simple and work from there. Once you get the hang of it, you\u2019ll be cooking for friends and family, and they\u2019ll love it too.", "41. Baking: Try your hand at baking if you like bread or cakes. Baked goods are wonderful party or guest foods as nearly everyone likes them. Baking can be tough, but with some practice you\u2019ll be baking apple pies to perfection.", "42. Gingerbread House Making: Edible art. That sounds pretty good. Gingerbread houses can be large or small, but they are always tasty. Make one with your kids to teach them design and style: you may just learn a bit about that yourself.", "43. Home brewing: If you enjoy beer but want a personal challenge or want to make beer or cider that\u2019s better than what you can buy at the store, look into brewing your own. Check state and federal laws before starting, but once you get your recipe down, you can make your very own beer, perfect for social occasions.", "44. Wine Making: If you\u2019re not a beer person, try making your own wine. While it\u2019s not the easiest thing to make, there is no better way to feel classy than by serving your very own wine at a party. Try experimenting with red and whites until you find exactly what you can make best. If you really want a challenge for the ages, brew some amontillado!", "45. Mixology: If you\u2019re tired of beer (like I am), try mixing drinks. A Moscow Mule or French 75 is the perfect conclusion to a hot day. You can take your party game through the roof by learning to make solid mixed drinks, and maybe even make some money on the side too.", "46. Bread Making: A great way to customize your bread to your tastes! Try baking your own bread and experiment with different styles and methods. Before long, you won\u2019t just be baking loaves, you\u2019ll be moving on to greater challenges like souffl\u00e9s. Baking your own bread allows you to control what types of wheat you eat and can even save quite a bit of money if done right. Bread is often a staple product in a modern diet, so baking it yourself can give you the flexibility and freedom to dictate how you like it, without being beholden to the grocery store.", "47. Cheese Making: Though not quite as simple as many other hobbies, cheese making gives you an in depth understanding of the food process. Not only that, but you end up with cheese that costs a whole lot less than it would if bought from a store.", "48. Painting: One of our most versatile art forms. You can paint in oils, acrylics, or water colors. The differing styles of painting give you near limitless options for how you choose to portray the world around you. Like writing, painting gives you the opportunity to express yourself in near infinite ways.", "49. Drawing: Fairly similar to painting, just in a different medium. Drawing is an economical and simple way to get into the visual arts. You can draw any type of subject, from portraits to landscapes. A real perk is that, unlike painting, drawing takes very little money to get started, so try it out!", "50. Origami: An ancient form of art, origami takes a bit of skill and practice, but with time you\u2019ll soon be making wonderful pieces. Decorate with them! Give them as gifts! Paper never looked better than when folded into art.", "51. Photography: Capture the living world around you with images. Photos are wonderful expressions of art. You don\u2019t even need an expensive camera; your phone will do fine to begin with. Learn about angles and lighting to make your images pop!", "52. Scrapbooking: Scrapbooking preserves your history. It\u2019s like a diary but a bit more personal, with a bit more art and design. A scrapbook allows to you collect mementos, photos, drawings, writing, and more, all while letting your imagination run wild and come up with a creative design.", "53. Calligraphy: This form of art will have you feeling like a scribe of the ancient world. Calligraphy brings out the beauty of letterforms in the best possible way. Design your letters and words to write personalized cards or craft unique decorations. You\u2019ll gain new appreciation for the wonders of written language.", "54. Quilting: A practical form of art, quilting keeps you warm at night with a custom piece of gear. A quilt is a manifestation of you. Make quilts for yourself or give them as gifts. A good quilt will last nearly forever and is a great personal statement.", "55. Crocheting: Make wonderful cloth designs by crocheting! An invaluable skill for passing time, it lets you build dexterity in your hands and you can make truly beautiful items as well.", "56. Knitting: Similar to crocheting and extremely practical, knitting lets you pass time while making sweaters, scarves, socks, and more. Heavy-duty wool is both strong and fashionable, not to mention warm. So give knitting a chance!", "57. Embroidery: Make your own designs by embroidering them! This great art form lets you get creative with cloth, which you can then use to decorate or give as a gift. Every room in your home could be improved with a framed cross-stitch or two.", "58. Carpet and Tapestry Weaving: A tapestry is always a solid personal statement, and it\u2019s better if you make it yourself. So learn that skill and decorate your house in all your favorite designs. Once used to block drafts in old castles, tapestries are now works of art!", "59. Designing and Making Clothes: If you have a love of fashion, why not make your own clothes? Design them to your specifications and then stitch them together piece by piece. Whether your personal style is edgy or elegant, it\u2019s a great skill to have and others will be jealous of your one-of-a-kind pieces.", "60. Jewelry Making: If you enjoy adorning yourself with jewelry, try making your own and bring your own distinctive creative vision to life. Use either expensive or economical materials; what really matters is the skill of the craftsmanship involved.", "61. Pottery: Ancient, practical, and beautiful, pottery is an ideal way to spend time making something you can use and admire. Store everything from flowers to olive oil in your handiwork\u2014whatever the contents, a handmade pot or vase will always be stunning.", "62. Metal Working: One of the more intensive yet possibly rewarding hobbies, metal working allows you to build or repair at will. You can make simple lawn art, or you can do more intricate repairs on things like vehicles. If you want a really neat hobby which may just land you a job down the road, metal working is a solid pick.", "63. Wood Carving: One of our species\u2019 oldest activities, wood carving is a relaxing way of making anything from works of art to practical items. You can make statues, spoons, even a totem pole if you really have a lot of time on your hands. All you need is a block of solid wood and a small knife to get started here, so try it out, and always cut away from yourself!", "64. Welding: One of the more practical hobbies, welding is perfect for people who like to work with their hands. I would definitely recommend taking a formal class for this one because, well, hot things are dangerous. You can do anything from repair equipment to make lawn art and more if you can weld.", "65. Leather Tooling: Too many people see leather tooling as a dying skill. In reality, it is an incredible and unique art form that can improve nearly anything made of leather. If you like art and designs, try this one, you can spice up belts, wallets, or even holsters or sheaths.", "66. Cobbling: Also wrongly considered by many to be a dying art, cobbling, or shoe making, is an invaluable skill or hobby for almost anyone. First off, you can make shoes to your exact preference. No more having to pick from someone else\u2019s ideas or fits. Also, and maybe more important, you can repair old or damaged footwear, thus saving tons of money over the long run and keeping shoes or boots serviceable over the long run.", "67. Model Railroads: If you love mechanics and designing things, model trains are a perfect outlet for your passion. And they\u2019re almost totally customizable: you can make entire cities on a table. I\u2019ve seen train rooms modelled on 19th century America, or 1960s Germany, or modern Japan. Incorporate a love of history for maximum fun.", "68. Furniture Building: A hobby that can lead into a real job, furniture building gives you the talent to build things that everyone needs. Whether you just want to put together the perfect chair, or if you want to market a whole lot of your perfect chairs to everyone else, furniture making is a fine way to hone your attention to detail and your building skills.", "69. Home Improvement: You can always pay someone to improve your house, but with a little practice, you can do it yourself. Build cabinets, fix plumbing, demolish walls! Make sure to do your reading first, but once you\u2019ve done a few home improvement projects, you\u2019ll have gained some incredibly useful skills.", "70. Model Building: Another form of art, model building offers a miniature way into design. Learn how to build, tinker around with your models, and construct elaborate cities for them too!", "71. LEGO: The ultimate building set, LEGOs let you construct anything and everything: the Millennium Falcon, Hogwarts Castle, a life-size dragon. Build whole worlds, all in your home. Make stories to go with them, invent characters, and bring the place to life.", "72. Trivia: Do you like Jeopardy? Try playing trivia. The unspoken bonus? It typically takes place at a bar! You get to spend time with friends and unwind for an evening.", "73. Video Games: A good video game is like a good movie. It goes beyond simple action or horror to deliver a real emotional experience. So find some good games, like The Last of Us or Horizon Zero Dawn. Get drawn into a fantastic interactive story!", "74. Board Games: Sharpen your competitive skills with others around you. Learn new board games and have fun with people you\u2019re close to. It\u2019s a great way to bond and get good at critical thinking at the same time.", "75. Card Games: More of a gambler? Pick up some card games, though you never have to bet real money if you don\u2019t want to. Get good at numbers and patterns; once you figure that out, it will be about more than simple luck.", "76. Chess: The true intellectual\u2019s game the world over, chess is a great way to learn the skill of thinking ahead and predicting the actions of others. Whether with friends or in competition, chess makes you a sharper thinker!", "77. Puzzles (jigsaw, crosswords, Sudoku, etc.): Another solid way to get good at seeing patterns, various puzzles can be real brain teasers. If you really, really want to show off, you can even do The New York Times crossword in pen\u2026", "78. Juggling: Want to improve your coordination and impress your friends? Juggling really does help balance and hand-eye coordination. Learn to track multiple objects as they move and keep your mind sharp with this hobby.", "79. Table Tennis: One of the more underestimated sports, Ping-Pong, or Table Tennis, is an unmatched way to improve coordination and speed, all while providing a workout. This is a wonderful talent to master.", "80. Billiards: Also known as pool, this game teaches you the skill of coordinating multiple moving objects all at once. Truly skilled players can predict every last motion on the table, and use that to score big. I\u2019ve even seen games where the losing player didn\u2019t hit the cue ball once.", "81. Genealogy: Want to know more about the history of your family? Get into genealogy and figure out who your ancestors were. It\u2019s more than just boring research; you can breathe some life back into your ancestors by recreating their life stories!", "82. Language Learning: One of the best brain teasers of all time, learning a new language can also help you learn about the world and its people. Pick a popular language like Spanish, or from somewhere you want to go, master it, and enjoy speaking with locals in their own tongue. Or go old-school and learn to read Latin or Egyptian hieroglyphs!", "83. Journaling: Keep a record of your life as a way of recalling what you have experienced and learned through the years. Journaling allows you to take time to reflect and improve from each day, so make sure to do it in formative or stressful times too!", "84. Creative Writing: A personal favorite, creative writing lets you invent worlds and characters. Build a story arc from start to finish and give life to those in the universe you made! Try publishing and share your tale with others!", "85. Book Club: Indulge your love of reading with others! Books are outlets to new worlds, but reading is even better when you meet with others to discuss the books later. You\u2019ll learn so much and open up a brand new aspect of literature.", "86. Home Science Experiments: Stay safe, but if you do it right, you can explore science in your own home. Learn some basic chemistry with materials already in your kitchen, such as vinegar and baking powder. As long as you don\u2019t become like Walter White in Breaking Bad, you\u2019ll learn a ton about the physical worlds around you.", "87. Wikipedia Editing: If you want to contribute to society\u2019s knowledge, become a Wikipedia editor in a topic you know about. Learn to details, and then give other people the power to learn them too!", "88. Volunteering for a Historical Society: Love history and want to get some hands on experience with it? Find your local historical society and see what you can do for them! You\u2019ll learn, but you can also help others get interested in history too!", "Even more hobbies", "89. Playing an Instrument: Is this the best way to spend free time indoors? Yeah, probably. My personal pick is my left-handed Taylor guitar, but any instrument is a cool way to make music, learn rhythm, and get into one of the oldest forms of art we have. Check out these guides to the Guitar, Piano & Saxophone!", "90. Podcast Hosting: If you have a topic you love, host a podcast and get to talk with others who love it too! You\u2019ll be amazed who has an interest in your hobby too. Get guest speakers on as well! Podcasts are a great way to gain mastery of a topic.", "91. Amateur Radio: Radio is great for music and talk, so try it out on your own or with a smaller radio station. There are more of those than you would think, so look them up and see if you can\u2019t get your voice on the air!", "92. Thrifting: Like saving money? I thought so. So go to thrift shops, pawn shops, lawn and estate sales to find the best deals on things you want. There\u2019s no need to buy new, so learn how to spot hidden treasure and go on an adventure seeking out whatever you want.", "93. Makeup: Basically art for your face. You can go subtle to enhance your natural looks, or follow a YouTube tutorial to transform yourself entirely! Makeup is great for daily use, theater, or even for entertainment.", "94. Dancing: Both art and exercise, dancing teaches you coordination and even some social skills. Whether you choose bachata, waltz, or kizomba, learning a style of dance will show you how to move in new ways, so give it a shot!", "95. Hula Hooping: Another combination of exercise and art, hula hooping will help your core and cardio fitness, but can also be made an art by learning to dance with the hoop.", "96. Aquarium Keeping: \u201cFish are friends not food!\u201d Or at least the sharks in Finding Nemo think so. In reality, fish are beautiful and make a wonderful addition to any room. Do your research and set up a watery kingdom for your fish to enjoy.", "97. Computer Programming: Learning to program computers opens a whole new world to you. Figure out these complex machines and learn to bend them to do what you want. Though it\u2019s tough, it\u2019s rewarding, so try it out and become a master coder!", "98. Working on Cars: A great way to learn mechanic! Cars combine function and aesthetics very well, and most of us have a lot to learn about how they work! Get to know old and new engines, internal combustion, and diesel. It\u2019s an endless opportunity to figure out new and mystifying machines.", "99. Travel: The best way to see the world is in person. So hop on a plane or a ship and go somewhere! Get your passport and go on an adventure. It\u2019s never too late and if you plan carefully, you can cut down on costs considerably.", "100. Cosplaying: If you really like certain characters from a book or show or movie, you can dress and role play as them, especially at conventions. You can meet tons of new people, all of whom share your passions for your favorite genre. Cosplaying is a true fan\u2019s way of showing their love of a genre.", "101. Survivalist Prepping: A bit of a preface for this one: you don\u2019t need to go all out here. Live in an earthquake or hurricane prone area? Might be smart to have some basic supplies put away just in case. Having a few weeks of food in a closet will not hurt you. Of course, if you want to prepare for Russian strategic rocket forces coming down on you, that works too. My only warning, don\u2019t give up your normal life for this: it\u2019s possible to do both at once.", "5 Fun Hobbies for Couples to Make Your Relationship Stronger", "7 Hobbies That Will Make You Smarter", "10 Most Popular Hobbies of the World\u2019s Richest People", "This site is intended for informational purposes only." ] }, { "url": "https://www.megahobby.com/", "title": "MegaHobby com The USA s Largest Online Hobby Shop", "content": [ "/New Arrivals/", "Taxi Car w/4 French Infantry Battle of the Marne 1914", "FAQ 3 Modern AFV Painting Techniques Book AK Interactive", "Real Colors of WWII Aircraft Book AK Interactive", "1966 American Lowrider Type C", "Water Pump Set w/Buckets, Cans, etc", "M551 Sheridan Vietnam War Airborne Tank", "Colonial General Service Wagon (3 Sets: Wagon, 2 Horses & 2 Figs)", "1/72 Hat", "Colonial Ox Wagon (3 Sets: Wagon, 2 Oxen & 2 Figs)", "WWI Renault FT17 Tank w/37mm Cannon (2)", "NYC Auxiliary Service Logos Decal Set", "1/25 AMT Models", "Super Trailer Clear Display Case", "1/25 MPC Models", "1969 Chevelle SS396 Car", "1969 Plymouth GTX Convertible Car", "1959 Chrysler Imperial Customizing Car", "Tamiya XF and X Colors", "1/4 oz 1100 & 1500 Series Bottles", "17ml Acrylic Paint Bottles Model Colors Vallejo", "Tamiya TS-Colors Spray Cans", "Model Master Military Acrylic Open Stock", "1/2oz Bottles Series 4600-4888", "Humbrol 14ml Enamel Paint Tinlets", "Model Master FS Military Enamel Paint 1700 Series", "1/2oz Bottles", "17ml Acrylic Paint Bottles Model Air Colors Vallejo", "About Mega Hobby", "/Our Family Business/", "MegaHobby.com makes it easy for everyone to shop online and find everything they need in one convenient place. We are busy enhancing and updating the site on a daily basis to keep it fresh and interesting for every visitor that stops by. You will find a wide variety of models and many different skill levels to accommodate all builders. Visit the site often to see the many different items we offer.", "MegaHobby.com also stocks a wide variety of paints, supplies, detailing sets, and books to satisfy every customer s needs. There are also many educational and historical items that are perfect for science and school projects. We have also expanded our product line to include puzzles, paint by number sets, science kits, and more", "Through three generations, the Bass family has passed down a tradition of caring, ethics, and most importantly, treating every employee and customer like a member of the family. Customer service and loyalty to those who support us has always been at the top of our pyramid. But most importantly, a love of what we do and an appreciation of the passion our customers have for their hobbies is what keeps us going every day. Thank you for being a part of our expanded hobby family!", "Build Review of Ebbro s 1/48 scale HondaJet", "Today we bring you another MegaHobby build and review! The subject of this build is Ebbro s n..." ] }, { "url": "https://hobbyzeal.com/list-of-hobbies-interests", "title": "A Truly Unimaginable List of Hobbies and Interests Hobby", "content": [ "A Truly Unimaginable List of Hobbies and Interests", "Having a hobby that can relieve your everyday stress, even for a few minutes, is a true blessing. For those who don t have a hobby as such, this article will give you a list of various activities that you can take up as a hobby... and we are talking about hobbies and interests beyond singing, dancing, and gardening.", "There is something really unusual about hobbies and interests. They vary from person to person distinguishing one s personality from the other. They also bring different people together, taking the mind off the monotony that sets in with the daily routine. The best thing that can happen to you is to be able to live your hobby everyday, making a living out of doing what gives you a sense of pleasure and satisfaction.", "Did you know that there are so many millionaires in this world, who would never have achieved what they did, if their field of success was not their hobby! Let s take the example of an application that was created as a hobby, and is now a part of everyone s life - Facebook. Do I need to tell you the rewards Mark Zuckerberg has received because of his hobby?", "Many of us let go of our interests and hobbies to meet the daily demands of life; don t do that. Life is about being happy, about being able to enjoy what you do, and there are many things that people enjoy doing! The lists that follow, include hobbies based on different categories. Have a look.", "Observational Hobbies", "Being observant is a natural skill, and a true observer is the one that notices even the minute details without making it obvious to others. These hobbies teach us a lot of things, including patience, perseverance, and appreciation. The world that we live in is a marvel in itself, the beauty of which we seldom notice due to our busy schedule. These hobbies will help you think beyond your usual sphere.", "Amateur meteorology", "People who follow bird watching are known as birders, and I would like to give a special mention to Phoebe Snetsinger, who is known to have seen the maximum species of birds (8,398 out of over 10,000 that exist). Bird watching was her hobby, but she started pursuing it fervently only after she was diagnosed with cancer. Instead of staying at home and taking rest, she got engaged in traveling distant places for bird watching, which was her way to cope with the illness.", "Hobbies Related to Sports and Adventure", "Most people confine hobbies related to sports and adventure to men. I fail to agree. Adventure is something that every human seeks because it gives them a sense of thrill and achievement. There are various activities in this category, and each one is worth a try!", "There is no better example of the passion one can have for a hobby than Bethany Hamilton, who turned her hobby into her career and became a professional surfer. The amazing part is that she continued surfing even after losing her complete left arm in a shark attack!", "Hobbies Related to Nature", "Let us begin with the activities that remind us of our natural self... hobbies related to the nature in which we live! What makes this category special is that these activities can also contribute in reducing various environmental issues that we are facing globally. Issues, like global warming, deforestation, animal conservation, etc., may be taken care of in our own little way. Have a look at the hobbies that can help you make the earth greener and healthier.", "Making birdfeeders/birdhouses", "Animal care (volunteering at an animal shelter)", "Did you know? Many famous celebrities like Miranda Kerr, Jessica Alba, Gwyneth Paltrow use organic produces in their daily lives. Adding to the list is actress Alicia Silverstone, who is known for her love for nature. She is a vegan, an environmentalist, and she also works for animal rights.", "Creativity is another form of a true blessing! The ability to think and create something beautiful is a true art. If you have the creative spark in you, then there is nothing that can stop you from exploring your inner potential. Below is a list of hobbies that you would love to do!", "Cook foods in disguise (dishes that look something, but are something else)", "I would like to cite the example of television personality Rachael Ray, who is famous only because she loves to cook. Mind you, she has had no formal training, but in spite of that she happens to be an author of cookery books and hosts cookery shows. She also popularized the phrase EVOO - a short form of Extra Virgin Olive Oil , which was also added to The Oxford American College Dictionary.", "Hobbies Related to Computers and Technology", "Almost half of the population today is tech savvy, using technology-based applications for doing half of the routine work, be it sending and receiving e-mails, educating yourself on various topics through search engines, or socializing through Facebook, Twitter, or Skype. Some of the most popular hobbies are those associated with the virtual world. The following are some examples.", "Keeping virtual pets", "Mark Zuckerberg, one of the co-founders of Facebook, started writing software as a hobby. In his sophomore year at Harvard College, he created a notorious application known as Facemash, which was banned within days! Later, he launched Facebook from his dormitory room. The application spread slowly to other campuses, and is now a part of everybody s life. Facebook made Zuckerberg a billionaire when he was just 23 years old!", "A hobby is something that we enjoy doing, something that relaxes our minds! While the best place to relax is home, there are many people, who define relaxing as something that is done outdoors. Below is a list of hobbies that tend to relax and refresh your mind and body in the midst of nature.", "Talking about outdoor hobbies reminds me of Ernest Hemingway and his love for fishing! Knowing the popular author and journalist that he was, he always took time out for outdoor fishing trips with his friends. He started fishing at the age of 3, and wrote many write ups about the same, like Tuna Fishing in Spain, Trout Fishing All Across Europe: Spain Has the Best, Then Germany. His first novel published in 1952, The Old Man and the Sea, was also based on the life of an old fisherman.", "Have you come across this situation at home, when your brother wants to play soccer on a Sunday morning, but your sister wants to stay at home and play cards? For some people, the ultimate way to refresh their minds and relax, is not by doing something out in the open, but something within the coziness of the indoors. Like I said, not all of us are the same!", "Emma Watson loved studying and reading in the reel life when she played Hermione Granger in the Harry Potter Series. Do you know what her hobby in real life is? Playing ping pong! In fact, her co-actors Daniel Radcliffe and Rupert Grint admit that she is so good with her hobby that they have stopped playing with her to save themselves from the embarrassment of losing almost every time!", "While some of us like to get rid of all the clutter and nonproductive things out of the house, there are some who would rather refer to the clutter as collection ! Different people collect different things. Trust me, I knew a girl who collected her fingernails! While your collection needn t be as bizarre, have a look at some of the most commonly collected items in a hobby.", "Collecting bird feathers", "Collecting fossils and rocks", "Collecting seashells", "Collecting stamps", "Collecting dried flowers", "Collecting comic books", "Collecting photographs of people you meet", "Collecting visiting/greeting card (received)", "Did you know? Celebrities like Samuel L. Jackson, Jimmy Jacobs, and Nicholas Cage are also comic-book collectors . In fact, Nicholas Cage had changed his surname from Coppola to Cage after a Marvel comics character Luke Cage. Jimmy Jacobs, a handball player, and a boxing manager, who also managed Mike Tyson, was known to be the owner of the largest collection of comic books in the world!", "Health-related Hobbies", "While there was a time when the phrase watch what you eat was meant for celebrities and models, or people who were advancing towards obesity ... these days we can find a majority of the population hitting the gyms and hiring dietitians! Everyone wants to have a beach body and a healthy system. The awareness has reached to an extent where people have actually made healthy living not only a lifestyle but a hobby. Here is a list of some of the healthy hobbies that can add value to your life.", "Participating in marathons", "Exercising and body building", "Don t you ever wonder how the 54-year-old diva Madonna can still give complex to an 18-year-old? Madonna s lifestyle is all about fitness. She is an ardent fitness lover. She used to practice yoga all days of the week at one point. She has recently launched her DVD workout series and has also opened a gym chain called Hard Candy Fitness.", "Lifestyle-related Hobbies", "Well, I think when you have been following a certain lifestyle, its components become a habit, and when you start loving that habit, it turns into a hobby! The list of hobbies mentioned underneath are those that can be followed only when you have an acquired sense and interest to pursue it. Though this statement applies to all the hobbies and interests, the hobbies underneath will give you an idea about what I mean.", "Collecting precious gems", "Collecting vintage items", "Shopping for latest trends", "Michael Gambon, the actor who played Professor Dumbledore in the Harry Potter Series, has a hobby of collecting vintage guns and firearms. Adding to the list is our very dear Tom Hanks, who collects vintage typewriters as his hobby.", "Though we all may have similar appearances outwardly, our mind is but a bundle of complex interests and imagination, not possible for all to understand. A hobby is a way to escape from doing what is expected from us, to doing what we like to do. Maybe I would never be able to understand why Johnny Depp likes playing with Barbie dolls; maybe you will. If you like doing something, just do it! You don t have to think about the others; there are a plenty of things you are doing for them anyway!", "Good Hobbies for Teenage Girls", "List of Fun Hobbies", "Popular Hobbies for Women", "Hobbies for Men over 50" ] }, { "url": "https://www.towerhobbies.com/", "title": "Tower Hobbies RC Airplanes Drones Cars Trucks and Boats", "content": [ "The world s premier supplier of radio remote control models. 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Do not duplicate or redistribute in any form." ] } ] }, "timestamp": null }, { "action": "Wizard => Apprentice", "text": "tell about your hobbies in 2021", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.mantelligence.com/list-of-hobbies/", "title": "The Ultimate List of Hobbies 549 handpicked hobby ideas", "content": [ "The Ultimate List of Hobbies \u2013 505 handpicked hobby ideas to try.", "by Ryan |", "Why do you need a list of hobbies?", "How you spend your free time is a big part of who you are. Hobbies help you to become a more well-rounded person, and eventually, they often turn into helpful life skills, long-term passions, and even careers.", "If you\u2019re interested in diving into a new pastime, this list of hobbies should make your life a little bit easier. Try the ones that look interesting, and then move on if you\u2019re not feeling it. Eventually you\u2019ll find one that sticks.", "Here are 505 good hobbies ideas for you to try:", "I recommend reading through all of these 505 list of hobbies to find your absolute favorites\u2026 but if you\u2019re looking for something specific, you can click the links below to jump to that section:", "That Make Money", "For Your 20\u2019s", "When You\u2019re Over 50 or Retired", "List of 57 Hobbies that Make Money", "Hobbies don\u2019t have to be money pits. In fact, some of there are hobbies that make money, and some can be quite lucrative.", "These hobbies are rewarding in more ways than one. Some of them can even turn into full-time income generators if you pursue them hard enough.", "Whether you\u2019re looking to make some extra pocket cash or change your career, this list of hobbies that make money could be your lucky ticket.", "Here are 57 of the best hobbies that make money:", "1. Writing/Blogging", "Writing is a hobby that can quickly turn into a career if you play your cards right. Start off by making a blog about anything that interests you, and then leverage that blog to get some freelance gigs.", "3. Refinishing furniture", "4. Flea Market Shopping", "7. Tapping Maple Trees", "9. Wine Making", "10. Playing the Stock Market", "Playing the stock market is a lot like gambling, but you can tip the odds in your favor if you follow it and do your homework.", "11. Taking Paid Surveys", "12. Beekeeping", "15. Proofreading and Editing", "17. Tattooing", "18. Performing Stand Up Comedy", "19. Drive Others Around", "Creating and editing images online is a blast, and you can learn to do it for free by watching some online tutorials. If you want to make some money, trying working on making company logos.", "21. Making T-Shirts", "22. Becoming a Fitness Instructor", "23. Starting a YouTube Channel", "24. Being a Handyman", "25. Decorating Homes", "26. Reviewing Things", "27. Pet Sitting", "28. Flipping Items", "Flipping items can be quite lucrative if you\u2019re good at finding deals. You can search local thrift stores, or scour the internet for the latest and greatest bargains.", "29. Becoming a Local Guide", "30. Pursuing Credit Card Rewards", "32. Buying and Selling", "33. Credit Card Collecting", "34. Creating and/or Editing Videos", "All you need is a decent camera and some editing software to become a YouTube sensation. After you get good at editing, you can find plenty of gigs that pay quite well. For inspiration, check out our men\u2019s YouTube dating channel here.", "35. Giving Advice or Opinions", "36. Create or sell pet clothing", "37. Create and sell gourmet pet treats", "38. Engravings", "39. Computer Technician", "40. Auto detailing", "41. Teaching and Tutoring Music", "If you\u2019re musically inclined, you can make a pretty penny sharing your skill with another person.", "42. Auto Customization", "43. Fitness or Yoga trainer", "44. Website optimization", "47. Home staging", "48. Financial planning", "49. Working On Cars", "Learning to work on cars is an incredibly useful skill, and it\u2019s a great way to make some cash. Restoring a vintage clunker with some friends is a great way to get your feet wet.", "50. Life coaching", "51. Cartooning & Animation", "52. Writing Music", "53. Tutoring Children", "54. Flower arranging", "55. Couponing", "56. Mobile Technician", "57. Coaching Local Sports", "If your dreams of becoming a professional sports star didn\u2019t quite pan out, you can still get paid to be on a sports team. Plus, you\u2019re doing something good for your community.", "List of Hobbies that are Cheap: 54 Ideas", "There are plenty of hobbies that you can enjoy on the cheap. If you\u2019re running low on funds, this list of hobbies can be enjoyed with little to no startup funds.", "Some of these cheap hobbies can be done with items you probably already have sitting around the house. Others require only your body and mind.", "Here are 54 of the best cheap hobbies:", "58. Bicycling", "Yes, the initial investment for a bike can be a little pricey, but after that you\u2019re good to go on the cheap. The money you spend on a bicycle will pay for itself in gas expenses anyways!", "60. Geneology", "61. Rock Painting", "62. Making time capsules", "63. Dog Training", "64. Road Biking", "Zen is free. If you have somewhere quiet to sit, you can meditate.", "66. Walking", "67. Candle making", "68. Beachcombing", "70. Cash Flow Planning", "71. Taking free online classes", "72. Magic Tricks & Card Tricks", "Got a deck of cards? Look up some magic tutorials on YouTube, then go blow your friends\u2019 minds.", "73. Keep abreast of news and current affairs", "74. Watch documentaries", "75. Guerrilla gardening", "76. Learn about philosophy", "77. Urban fruit picking", "78. Minimalism", "79. Journaling", "If you can afford a pencil and a notebook, you can keep a journal. You may even get a penny for your thoughts. Check out this post for some journal prompts + ideas.", "80. Go To Free Community Events", "81. Fostering Animals", "82. Become a Wikipedia editor", "83. Decluttering", "Your local library will hook you up. Go there. Bring home a mountain of books, and make your brain happy.", "86. Making Miniatures", "88. Tatebanko", "89. Quilling", "92. Playing Chess", "Chess is a fantastic hobby to share with a friend, and when you\u2019re alone you can work on your strategies or play online.", "93. Circuits Training", "94. Learning how to DIY", "96. Participate in trivia contests", "97. Noodling", "98. Attend Renaissance fairs", "99. Feng Shui Decorating", "100. Plan walking tours", "101. Crabbing", "102. Boxing", "All you need is some gloves and a bag to become the next world champion.", "103. Dog Walking", "104. Organize a neighborhood clean-up", "105. Shell fishing", "106. Fossil hunting", "107. Foraging", "108. Travel Hacking", "109. Lomography", "110. Learn how to make string figures", "111. Origami", "If you have some paper and some concentration, you can create wonderful paper art.", "List of 63 Hobbies for Men", "You\u2019re on this site, so it\u2019s reasonably safe to assume that you\u2019re a man. Well brother, this list of hobbies is for you.", "Of course, these hobbies for men can be enjoyed by women too, but they lean more on the male side of the spectrum. They\u2019re perfect for doing alone, or with your bros.", "Here are 63 of the best hobbies for men:", "112. Martial Arts", "Martial arts are a great way to improve your health, and self-defense is always a valuable skill.", "113. Working out", "114. Practicing Survival Skills", "115. Adventure Running", "116. Improving Your Memory", "117. Metal Working", "118. Hookah Smoking", "119. Caving", "120. Weight Lifting", "If you\u2019ve got some free time, why not get jacked? Join your local gym or find a used weight set on Craigslist.", "121. Jogging/Training for Marathon", "122. Spear Fishing", "123. Car Racing", "124. Offroading", "125. Firearm Enthusiast", "126. Fencing", "127. Bouldering", "128. Hunting", "129. Reviewing Gadgets", "Guys love gadgets. You can actually make your gadget obsession pay for itself if you review products on YouTube and gain a decent following.", "130. Woodworking", "131. Building Electronics", "132. Archery", "133. Rock Climbing", "134. Fly Fishing", "135. Flying", "136. Shooting/Marksmanship", "137. Becoming an Alcohol Connoisseur", "138. Hiking", "The desire to explore nature is ingrained in the human man. Embrace your inner animal.", "139. Collecting Military Paraphernalia", "140. Airplane Combat", "142. Base Jumping", "143. Beer Tasting", "144. Barbecuing", "145. Boat Making", "146. Community Activism", "147. Robot Making", "148. Pipe Making", "149. Racquetball", "150. Smoking Meat", "Making your own jerky is fun, cheap, and delicious. Share with your friends (or don\u2019t).", "151. Whisky Tasting", "152. Start Ground Hopping", "153. Chainsaw Carving", "154. Start An Allotment", "155. Anti-Gravity Cocooning", "156. LudoSport", "157. Retro Gaming", "158. Cliff Diving", "159. Amateur Geology", "160. Audiophile", "161. Beat Box", "162. Break Dancing", "163. Tomahawk/Hatchet Throwing", "Hatchet throwing is gaining popularity as a group activity, so check to see if you have a facility near you. If not, all you need is a hatchet, a backyard, and a stump.", "164. Ice Fishing", "165. Kitesurfing", "166. Motocross", "167. Paragliding", "168. Tequila Tasting", "169. Skeet Shooting", "170. Storm Chasing", "171. Orienteering Sports", "172. Jet sprint boat racing", "173. Drag boat racing", "174. Whittling", "There\u2019s something classic and timeless about making art with a knife and a stick.", "List of 40 Hobbies for Couples", "This hobbies list is wonderful for couples who don\u2019t want to get stuck in a rut. Pursuing one of these hobbies for couples, with your partner is a great way to stay motivated, plus you can learn from each other.", "Doing a hobby that you both enjoy is a great way to spend some quality time and strengthen your connection. Make sure you discuss these hobbies for couples together so you can decide on one that floats your both of your boats. Bonus: you can split any costs involved.", "Here are 40 of the best hobbies for couples:", "175. Yoga", "Turn your living room into a tranquil oasis. There are plenty of guided yoga courses on YouTube, so enjoy an ultra chill evening with your sweetheart bending your body into a pretzel.", "176. Snorkeling", "177. Touring Wineries", "178. Massage", "179. Babysitting", "180. Squash", "181. Wine/Cheese Tasting", "You don\u2019t need to go out to taste wine and cheese. Step 1) Buy wine. Step 2) Buy cheese. Step 3) Taste.", "182. Ballroom dancing", "183. Board Game Club", "184. Volunteering", "185. Sailing", "187. Starting an Etsy or eBay Store", "Whether you\u2019re flipping items, selling crafts, or drop-shipping, running a small business together is a great way to form a stronger bond and make some extra money.", "188. Star Gazing", "189. Homesteading", "190. Canoeing", "191. Bowling", "192. Entertaining & Event Hosting", "193. Learning a Foreign Language", "Take a language learning course, and then celebrate by visiting the language\u2019s country of origin together.", "194. Recipe Creation", "195. People Watching", "196. Picnicking", "197. Acroyoga", "198. Lamp making", "Taking dance lessons is super fun, and then you can blow your friends away at weddings.", "200. Chocolate Tasting", "201. Salsa dancing", "203. Badminton", "204. Theme night dates", "205. Self-Care", "206. World Record Breaking", "207. Renovating", "208. Weekend Adventuring", "209. Hosting Dinner Parties", "210. Road Trips", "211. Cosplaying", "212. Self Defense", "213. Zumba", "214. Cooking", "Cooking together is going to save you both money, plus you get to eat the delicious results.", "List of 64 Hobbies for Kids", "The younger you start a hobby, the better at it you\u2019re going to be. These hobbies are kid-friendly, but all age groups can enjoy them.", "Whether you\u2019re looking for a fun activity to do with a sibling, child, or student, this list of hobbies for kids won\u2019t disappoint. Just remember to pay attention to make sure the kid\u2019s having fun too.", "Here are 64 of the best hobbies for kids:", "Drawing is a great way for kids to let out their inner creativity. Supplies are super cheap too.", "216. Learning a New Sport", "217. Flying Model Planes", "218. Model Ship Building", "219. Sculpt with Clay/ Playdough", "220. Collecting Seashells", "221. Beach / Sand Building", "222. Nature Walk", "223. Zoo Visits", "224. Solving Mazes", "225. Balloon Twisting", "Start balloon twisting now and you\u2019re guaranteed to be the life of every party in college.", "226. Collecting Stickers", "227. Collecting Leaves", "228. Puppetry", "229. Playing T-Ball", "230. Mini Golf", "231. Playing Soccer", "232. Finger Painting", "233. Collecting Stamps", "234. Coloring", "235. Lego Building/Assembling", "Building Legos is a classic childhood activity. It\u2019s also fun for adults.", "236. Doll making", "237. Making birdfeeders and birdhouses", "238. Insect interest", "239. Crocheting", "240. Flower pressing", "241. Felting", "242. Trekking", "245. Skating", "246. Speed Cubing (Rubix Cube)", "The record for fastest speed cubing is constantly changing. Are you up for the challenge?", "247. Creating family trees", "248. Story-writing", "249. Collecting Baseball cards", "250. Tapestry", "251. Pencil sketching", "252. Comic book art", "253. Jewellery making", "254. Doing science experiments", "255. Flower making", "256. Learning How to Play Musical Instruments", "The younger you start, the better you\u2019ll get.", "257. Juggling", "258. Kite Flying", "259. Collecting Marbles", "260. Roller blading", "261. Collage making", "262. Slingshots", "263. Papermache", "264. Making bookmarks", "265. Making key holders", "266. Skateboarding", "Skateboarding is a great way to explore the neighborhood and meet cool people. It\u2019s also fantastic exercise", "267. Animal craft", "268. Acrobatics", "269. Jump Roping", "270. Color Guard", "271. Cheerleading", "274. Baton Twirling", "275. Scouting", "276. RC Model Racing", "277. Stone Skipping", "Kids are much more flexible than adults, so gymnastics comes easy. Haven\u2019t you always wanted to be able to do a backflip?", "List of Hobbies You Can Do Indoors: 60 Ideas", "Sometimes you just don\u2019t want to venture to the great outdoors to enjoy your hobby. These hobby ideas let you enjoy the modern comfort of a roof over your head while you do them.", "Perfect for bad weather, nighttime, and lazy days, this list of indoor hobbies can be enjoyed form the comfort of your own home.", "Here are 60 of the best indoor hobbies:", "279. Producing Electronic Music", "If you have a computer and some production software, you could write the next big EDM album. There will always be new techniques to learn and new gear to play with.", "280. Book Clubs", "281. Coffee Roasting", "282. Airbrushing", "283. Gunsmithing", "284. Pinochle", "285. Calligraphy", "286. Chocolate Making", "287. Ceramics", "288. Scrapbooking", "289. Fishkeeping", "Keeping a fish tank is an incredibly fascinating hobby that requires more attention to detail than most people realize. Aquariums also look awesome.", "290. Soap Making", "291. Knife Making", "292. Dandyism", "293. Collecting Model Trains", "294. War Gaming", "295. Making Your Own Hot Sauce", "296. Poker", "297. Playing Darts", "298. Sculpting", "299. Lockpicking", "A lockpicking kit is pretty cheap, and it gives you something to mess with when your bored. Once you get good at it, you can become a burglar or a locksmith, depending on how well you were raised.", "300. Watch making", "301. Jam Making", "302. Floristry", "303. Ghost Hunting", "304. 3D Printing and Physibles", "305. Macrame", "306. Knapping", "307. Lacemaking", "308. Lapidary", "310. Book Restoration", "311. Podcasting", "You\u2019ve got thoughts; tell them to the world. Some basic recording equipment is super cheap, so why not record next time you and your friends are having a discussion?", "312. Table Tennis", "313. Yo-Yoing", "314. Reef aquarium", "315. Bookbinding", "316. Building Dollhouses", "317. Conworlding", "318. Dominoes", "319. Matchstick Modeling", "320. Impersonations", "321. Inventing", "322. Kitchen Chemistry", "323. Knotting", "324. Playing Pool/Darts/Foosball", "Bar games are fun alone or with friends. Once you master them, you can become a shark at your local dive bar.", "325. Making Model Cars", "326. Tarot Reading", "327. Sushi Making", "328. Scale Miniature Building", "329. Collecting Diecast Cars", "330. Building ships in bottles", "332. Beatboxing", "333. Bridge Building", "334. Glowsticking", "335. Tatting", "336. Storytelling", "337. Embroidery", "338. Crossword Puzzles", "Few things in this world are as relaxing as chilling on your couch with a crossword puzzle and your favorite tunes.", "List of 53 Hobbies for Your 20\u2019s", "As a twenty-something, you\u2019ve got your whole life ahead of you. Why not make it count?", "Now is the perfect time to pick up some new hobbies. With any luck, you\u2019ll be enjoying them for many years to come.", "Here are 53 of the best hobbies for your 20\u2019s:", "339. Urban Exploration", "You\u2019re probably surrounded by fascinating architecture, landmarks, nature, and other cool hangout spots. Go out there and check it out; just make sure you\u2019re safe and legal about it.", "340. Tower Running", "341. Camping", "342. Surfing", "343. Laser tag", "345. Windsurfing", "346. Airsoft", "347. Swimming", "Swimming is super fun, and it\u2019s one of the best exercises out there. In your 30s, you\u2019re going to need to exercise more, so you might as well start developing positive habits now.", "348. Scuba Diving", "349. Paintballing", "350. Drone Flying", "351. Ultimate Frisbee", "352. Trail running", "353. Competitive Eating", "354. Collect Trainers", "355. Traveling", "Traveling is one of the most exciting hobbies, as the possibilities are virtually endless. Expand your horizons and experience new cultures, or at least get out of your state for a weekend.", "356. Wakeboarding", "357. Water Ski", "358. Wingsuit Flying", "359. Fire Poi", "360. Learning Sign Language", "361. Sandboarding", "362. River Rafting", "Running is a fantastic way to get to know your local neighborhoods, and it\u2019s really good for you.", "364. Rapping", "365. Parkour \u2013 Freerunning", "366. Parachuting", "367. Airsofting", "368. Boomerangs", "369. Go Kart Racing", "370. Lacrosse", "371. Starting a Band", "You\u2019ve matured past your teenage years but you\u2019re still young and attractive. All signs point to it\u2019s time to start a band.", "372. Powerboking", "373. Wrestling", "374. Flying Drones", "375. Ziplining", "376. Grip Strength", "377. Field hockey", "378. Rugby", "379. Speed skating", "380. Flag Football", "381. Beach Volleyball", "382. Writing Letters", "In today\u2019s digital world, a handwritten letter is always a treat. Surprise your friends and family.", "383. Frisbee Golf \u2013 Frolf", "384. Knife Throwing", "385. Skimboarding", "386. Dragon boat racing", "387. Cross Country Running", "388. Fell Running", "389. Track Cycling", "390. Surf lifesaving", "If you have a smartphone, you can get into photography. Go out and explore the world, and document the things that are most beautiful to you.", "In your thirties, you still have more than enough time to develop lifelong hobbies. In fact, there\u2019s no better time than now!", "These hobbies are ideal for people in their 30\u2019s because they\u2019re a lot of fun, but they can also turn into serious passions that last a lifetime.", "392. Blacksmithing", "Be honest; you\u2019ve always wanted to forge your own sword. Your quest awaits, so get started.", "394. Backpacking", "395. Sports \u2013 Refereeing", "396. Horseback Riding", "397. Distilling", "398. Landscaping", "399. Stone Working", "400. Skydiving", "Skydiving is a great way to pump some adrenaline into those old, weary bones.", "401. Cave Diving", "402. Discover microscopy", "403. Model Rockets", "404. Papermaking", "405. Gnoming", "406. Tour Skating", "407. Skiing/Snowboarding", "408. Home Brewing", "You\u2019re in your dirty thirties, so you may not be as into the bar scene as you once were. Brewing your own beer and enjoying it form the comfort of your couch is a sure sign that you\u2019re an adult now.", "409. Furniture Making", "410. Metal Detecting", "411. Geocaching", "412. Becoming A Film Buff", "413. Treasure Hunting", "414. Glass blowing", "415. Organize fundraising", "416. Mountain Biking", "Mountain Biking satiates your desire to spend more time in nature and do more extreme sports.", "417. Collecting Comic Books", "418. Neuro Linguistic Programming", "419. Gun Collecting", "420. Speed Reading", "421. Snowmobiling", "422. Shark Diving", "423. Pyrotechnics", "Buy a canvas and some paint, and see what happens., You might be the next Picasso.", "425. Letterboxing", "426. Hang Gliding", "427. Croquet", "428. Aircraft Spotting", "429. Fly Tying", "430. Four Wheeling", "431. Herping", "432. Grilling", "Becoming a grillmaster is a mouthwatering hobby. Don\u2019t be surprised when your friends start showing up to watch you practice. Check out these great gas grills to get started.", "433. Becoming a Rail Fan", "434. Slack Lining", "435. Tool Collecting", "436. Building Tesla Coils", "437. Surf Fishing", "438. Stamp Collecting", "439. Helping the Homeless", "440. Motorcycling", "Just you, your bike, and the open road. What could be better?", "441. Dumpster Diving", "442. Falconry", "443. Hot Air Ballooning", "444. Dog Sport", "445. Bicycle Polo", "446. Sand art", "447. Sculling or Rowing", "448. Astronomy", "It\u2019s a big universe. Trying to understand it can take a lifetime or longer, so you\u2019d better get started.", "449. Boat racing", "450. Outrigger Canoe racing", "451. Kicksled", "452. Skijoring", "453. Kinetic sculpture racing", "454. Polo", "455. Leather Making", "Leather making is fun, once you get good at it, you may be able to sell handcrafted leather items for a decent profit.", "List of 50 Hobbies Over 50 or Retired", "Your golden years are all about relaxing and enjoying your free time. What better way to accomplish that than by picking up a new hobby?", "By now, you might think you\u2019ve seen it all. Hopefully this list of hobbies gives you some new ideas, or at least inspires you to try something familiar. You\u2019re never too old to start a new chapter in life.", "Here are 50 of the best hobbies for people over 50 or retired:", "456. Rock and Mineral Collecting", "Rocks and minerals are quite fascinating, and you\u2019ll have a great time learning to tell them apart, catalog them, and learn about how they came to be.", "457. Collecting Sea glass", "458. Upholstery", "459. Woodburning", "460. RV Travelling", "461. Whale watching", "462. Gardening", "Gardening is a relaxing hobby that forces you to spend some time outside. Plus, at the end of the season, you get delicious homegrown food.", "464. Art collecting", "465. Food Preservation (Pickling, Canning)", "466. Using Ham Radio", "467. Taking Part Historical Reenactments", "468. Museum/Art Gallery Hopping", "469. Coin Collecting", "Finding that rare, elusive coin can be akin to a modern day treasure hunt.", "470. Infuse Alcohol", "471. Being A Cigar Aficionado", "472. Record Collecting", "473. Being A History Buff", "474. Terrarium Making", "475. Farming", "476. Aquascaping", "478. Growing Bonsais", "You can really get creative and meticulous with bonsai trees. You may be surprised by how fast the time flies as you manicure a tiny tree.", "479. Meteorology", "480. Found a charity group", "481. Cartography", "482. Taxidermy", "483. Astrology", "489. Graphology", "490. Tea Drinking", "Enjoy watching the sun rise as you cast off. It\u2019s not about catching fish. It\u2019s about the experience.", "492. Tai Chi", "493. Palm Reading", "494. Music Memorabilia", "495. Butterfly Watching", "496. Gyotaku", "497. Tombstone Rubbing", "498. Trainspotting", "Bird watching is one of the best ways to enjoy spending time outdoors without exerting yourself. It\u2019s such a thrill when you finally spot that rare bird.", "500. Rock Balancing", "501. Curling", "502. Fish Tournaments", "503. Cloud Watching", "504. Deltiology", "505. Antiquing", "You might feel nostalgic as you dig through items that you once owned. You may also have an advantage over other antique enthusiasts, as you can recognize the top-quality picks.", "Hobbies give you something new to look forward to when you wake up in the morning.", "Whether you\u2019re stuck in a rut or just looking to expand your horizons, trying new things is good for you. It builds character and helps you develop new mental and physical skills.", "Use this list of hobbies, to get started on a new, fulfilling hobby.", "\u2026But don\u2019t expect to be an expert. Many of these hobby ideas take years of dedication to really get down, and that\u2019s okay. Enjoy learning a new hobby with no pressure involved. Allow yourself to progress naturally, and you\u2019ll see results.", "The hardest part about any hobby is simply getting started. From there, it\u2019s all momentum.", "Previous101 This or That Questions \u2013 Thought-provoking conversation starters.", "Next39 Hobbies That Make Money \u2013 The only list you\u2019ll need!" ] }, { "url": "https://hobbyhelp.com/inspiration/list-of-hobbies/", "title": "100 Creative Fun Hobbies to Try Ultimate List 2021", "content": [ "Looking for a new hobby? Or trying to decide which one will be the best use of your limited free time? We\u2019ve got you covered.", "To make this massive list a little less daunting, we\u2019ve subdivided it into a few categories (though of course, there\u2019s sometimes overlap). Whether you crave adventure or like to hunker down with a good book and a cup of tea, you\u2019ll find plenty of hobby inspiration below.", "Food- and beverage-related hobbies", "Arts, crafts, and other skills", "Reading, writing, and learning", "Even more hobbies!", "1. Hiking: One of the best possible activities, hiking combines cardio fitness with beautiful views and quiet time to yourself. You can find a good place to hike almost anywhere, and it\u2019s the perfect way to get away from all the stress of your daily life.", "2. Backpacking: It\u2019s like hiking but better! You can stay out in the field for a single night, or for a whole month or more. Backpacking is truly the ideal way to escape from everything. It doesn\u2019t even have to be difficult, start simple and work up from there. If there\u2019s a better way to find peace, I haven\u2019t found it yet.", "3. Camping: If you want to be outside, but for whatever reason long distance treks aren\u2019t quite your thing, try some simple camping. From your backyard to the campground in your local state park, there\u2019s always a good place to camp.", "4. Hunting: If you enjoy the serenity of nature, but also want an additional challenge, or simply would like a way to source good-quality meat that isn\u2019t harmful to the environment, try hunting. If you hate blood, don\u2019t worry, so do I, but the satisfaction of knowing where your food comes from is worth it in my opinion. As one of the oldest human activities, hunting is a fine way to tune your senses in an activity that often goes past being a hobby and becomes a way of life.", "5. Fishing: Whether your idea of fishing is wading through a river in search of trout or kicking back lakeside, you\u2019ll find that this hobby can be as exciting or as laidback as you make it. And like hunting, it results in a delicious dinner. Just make sure to fish responsibly and get a permit!", "6. Archery: Maybe one of the most peaceful experiences you will find, archery is truly a form of meditation. It\u2019s rare to find an activity that combines physical and mental prowess so well. Even better, a beginner\u2019s bow isn\u2019t too expensive, and unlike firearms, bows won\u2019t make your ears ring.", "7. Canoeing: The water is a yet another perfect place to find peace. There is no feeling that can quite replicate the feeling of crashing over waves in a storm or fighting the wind with every stroke. You can canoe on rivers, lakes, ponds; anywhere there\u2019s water, you can canoe.", "8. Kayaking: Similar to canoeing, yet different in style. Kayaks are great for more punishing water conditions, especially open salt water. Kayaking is a great way to see the world from a new angle, and the unmatched maneuverability and handling of a good kayak will put a smile on your face.", "9. Running: Most people associate running with pain. I was one of those, but I was wrong. Start small, and for the love of everything good don\u2019t run only on a track. Find somewhere beautiful; I regularly trail run in the woods. Take it easy as you get in shape, stretch to avoid shin splints, and run at a pace that lets you enjoy it.", "10. Geocaching: A worldwide scavenger hunt, geocaching gives you the ideal excuse to see the world around you and then some. One of the big perks is that it lets you travel with a specific purpose instead of simply roaming.", "11. Growing Vegetables: If you enjoy gardening but want to take it to a more practical level, try growing your own vegetables. Make sure the specific ones you pick are suitable for your given climate, but once you figure that out, you can grow vegetables for a fraction of market price, and you get to control every step of production, ensuring food safety the whole time.", "12. Growing Flowers: A wonderful way to improve the look of your garden or home, flower growing is one of the best aesthetic choices you can make. Almost any arrangement is possible, within environmental limits. A plain grass yard is not the prettiest thing, but some flower beds really improve the look. Or try growing plants indoors or on balconies for interior decoration.", "13. Composting: Not only a hobby, but a way of life, composting helps you and your local environment. By composting, you get to reuse what would otherwise simply be wasted. Furthermore, you reduce the amount of rubbish that ends up in landfills. Compost also enriches soil for your plants, but just make sure what you compost is suitable for decomposing.", "14. Metal Detecting: For those who take a keen interest in history, metal detecting is a great way to get hands on experience with an area. If you want to be able to hold and own real pieces of history, metal detecting is a solid way to do this. There are ways to make money doing this, but most people simply enjoy the experience of searching for real historical artifacts.", "15. Bird Watching: As some of the most colorful and striking animals, birds are wonderful to watch. There are so many different kinds, each one with its own unique ways and habits. This peaceful hobby will get you outside, give you some exercise, and allow you to experience the natural world around you.", "16. Beekeeping: Bees are some of the most fascinating creatures on Earth. They are smart, industrious, and productive. Beekeeping can not only provide you with free, local honey, but it will give you experience with your local ecosystem. This is because bees depend on local plant life for their own sustenance, so a good apiarist gets to know the world around them.", "17. LARPing: Live Action Role Playing, or LARPing, is fantastic for a wide range of people who want to improve their historical knowledge, get to know new people, or just have fun. LARPing ranges from Dungeons & Dragons to medieval reenacting and Cowboy Action Shooting. This huge variety means that whatever your passion, you can find a way to make it happen.", "18. Parkour: If you\u2019re already active but want a further challenge, try parkour. It takes a bit of trial and error, but once proficient, you\u2019ll be able to impress your friends. Climbing the unclimbable is sure to keep you fit and fun.", "19. Astronomy: Every child looks up at the stars one day and wonders about them. As an adult, you can take this further. By learning the constellations, the motions of the stars, and other aspects of the night sky, you can bring that kid in you back to life. Or try a personal favorite, get a view of the Aurora Borealis!", "20. Meteorology: Weather is as fascinating as it is unpredictable. So learn some of the patterns and impress your family by telling them what will happen next in the sky. This is both useful and fun, so give it a shot.", "21. Kite Flying: Kites are ancient and capture imagination like little else does. Kites are a wonderful art form, and you can both learn to fly and build them. With a little practice, the flying itself is a thing of beauty.", "22. Sand Castle Making: If you love the beach, you\u2019ve certainly made sand castles at some point. I\u2019m all grown up, but I guarantee that if you put me on sand and walk away, there will be a castle there when you come back! Make them massive, or elaborate, or both!", "23. Hobby Horsing: Like horses but can\u2019t afford one? You can always buy a fake horse and get some solid cardio by riding it around a faux dressage course. This may sound ludicrous (honestly, it does look pretty funny), but it\u2019s very difficult and it\u2019s good for your cardio exercise. So give it a shot!", "24. Antiquing: Antiquing is the perfect hobby for history lovers. Find something that captures your passion! It can be furniture, cars, weapons, art, jewelry, the options are endless. Whatever you choose to collect, learn your topic to the last little detail and get the finest pieces you can find.", "25. Coin Collecting: If you like being meticulous and detailed, coin collecting is a solid way to focus yourself. If you are a completionist in video games, you\u2019re going to like coin collecting. Trying to get every last one will keep you busy for years.", "26. Stamp Collecting: Also for anyone who likes history, stamps often tell the stories of the nations they came from. Maybe you like Victoria Regina stamps, which tell the tale of Britain in the late 1800s, or maybe you fancy 1960s Soviet stamps instead. Find a period or place you love and collect the stamps to get a flavor of the people who made them.", "27. Vintage Clothing Collecting: Another great way to get to know an era or place, clothes collecting will teach you about their fabrics, stitching, and ways of life. Knowing how people dressed tells you a ton about them, so try it out and see what you can learn.", "28. Antique Car Collecting: Cars are awesome. Antique cars are more awesome. Try collecting them to learn a bit about their periods, about the people who made and drove them. Cars are a tangible symbol of their society, as they show a people\u2019s style.", "29. Antique Book and Manuscript Collecting: Books open doors into other worlds. Old books give you an even better sense of the author\u2019s original intent. Even better, learn a language and read texts as they were originally written. Every level of translation loses some meaning, so buy original books or manuscripts and read them yourself.", "30. Art Collecting: Art is a symbol of people\u2019s beliefs, hopes, and dreams. Artists express all of that in their work, and by collecting art you get to learn first-hand about what motivated and drove people. Learn about their history, what they loved and lived for. Art and art history allow you to learn all of this and more.", "31. Shell and Sea Glass Collecting: The beauty of the ocean, all in one piece. A shell or piece of sea glass is a wonderful memento of your time at the sea and will serve as a reminder forever of watching the sun rise or set over the water. The waves coming and going, and the sense of wonder that looking out to sea always brings. Shells take you back there, so collect a few to take the ocean with you everywhere.", "32. Leaf Collecting and Pressing: Leaves are intricate, each one different from the next, so collect and press a few of the best ones as a form of art. No matter where you are, these leaves will always remind you of trees. Keeping a piece of the outdoors with you is a wonderful way of staying grounded.", "33. Record Collecting: Nothing sounds quite like vinyl. So collect your favorite albums. Get all the best ones \u2013 Hank Williams Sr., Johnny Cash, The Beatles \u2013 and listen to them in their best format.", "34. Postcard Collecting: Postcards are wonderful reminders of places you and other people have been So keep some of the best ones to never forget where you have gone, and where you will go in the future.", "35. Shoe Collecting: A lot of people may get rid of shoes every year, but you can collect them, learn different styles and uses. This is far beyond simple utilitarianism; shoes are works of art, and each one can tell the story of its maker and owner.", "36. Toy Collecting: If you like Toy Story as much as I do, you appreciate the wonder of toys. So find a type you enjoy and collect them. They are great decorations and of course, you can always play with them.", "37. Memorabilia Collecting (e.g. Star Wars products): If you have a passion for a certain movie or game or book, collect some of its memorabilia. Not only does it often appreciate in value, it\u2019s a great way to keep the story you love close to your heart.", "38. Sports Memorabilia Collecting: Have a favorite team? Collect all of their memorabilia to cherish your favorite moments spent with friends or family at games. It goes beyond the simple sport, it\u2019s about the times that sport brings you to be around those you love.", "39. Rock Tumbling: Enjoy the natural beauty of rocks as both collectibles and decorations. You can tumble them yourself or simply keep them natural. Rocks are truly wonderful, and keeping your vases filled with them will add life to your house.", "40. Cooking: Like food? Cook it! There is so much more to food than a microwave. Cooking isn\u2019t hard at all; start simple and work from there. Once you get the hang of it, you\u2019ll be cooking for friends and family, and they\u2019ll love it too.", "41. Baking: Try your hand at baking if you like bread or cakes. Baked goods are wonderful party or guest foods as nearly everyone likes them. Baking can be tough, but with some practice you\u2019ll be baking apple pies to perfection.", "42. Gingerbread House Making: Edible art. That sounds pretty good. Gingerbread houses can be large or small, but they are always tasty. Make one with your kids to teach them design and style: you may just learn a bit about that yourself.", "43. Home brewing: If you enjoy beer but want a personal challenge or want to make beer or cider that\u2019s better than what you can buy at the store, look into brewing your own. Check state and federal laws before starting, but once you get your recipe down, you can make your very own beer, perfect for social occasions.", "44. Wine Making: If you\u2019re not a beer person, try making your own wine. While it\u2019s not the easiest thing to make, there is no better way to feel classy than by serving your very own wine at a party. Try experimenting with red and whites until you find exactly what you can make best. If you really want a challenge for the ages, brew some amontillado!", "45. Mixology: If you\u2019re tired of beer (like I am), try mixing drinks. A Moscow Mule or French 75 is the perfect conclusion to a hot day. You can take your party game through the roof by learning to make solid mixed drinks, and maybe even make some money on the side too.", "46. Bread Making: A great way to customize your bread to your tastes! Try baking your own bread and experiment with different styles and methods. Before long, you won\u2019t just be baking loaves, you\u2019ll be moving on to greater challenges like souffl\u00e9s. Baking your own bread allows you to control what types of wheat you eat and can even save quite a bit of money if done right. Bread is often a staple product in a modern diet, so baking it yourself can give you the flexibility and freedom to dictate how you like it, without being beholden to the grocery store.", "47. Cheese Making: Though not quite as simple as many other hobbies, cheese making gives you an in depth understanding of the food process. Not only that, but you end up with cheese that costs a whole lot less than it would if bought from a store.", "48. Painting: One of our most versatile art forms. You can paint in oils, acrylics, or water colors. The differing styles of painting give you near limitless options for how you choose to portray the world around you. Like writing, painting gives you the opportunity to express yourself in near infinite ways.", "49. Drawing: Fairly similar to painting, just in a different medium. Drawing is an economical and simple way to get into the visual arts. You can draw any type of subject, from portraits to landscapes. A real perk is that, unlike painting, drawing takes very little money to get started, so try it out!", "50. Origami: An ancient form of art, origami takes a bit of skill and practice, but with time you\u2019ll soon be making wonderful pieces. Decorate with them! Give them as gifts! Paper never looked better than when folded into art.", "51. Photography: Capture the living world around you with images. Photos are wonderful expressions of art. You don\u2019t even need an expensive camera; your phone will do fine to begin with. Learn about angles and lighting to make your images pop!", "52. Scrapbooking: Scrapbooking preserves your history. It\u2019s like a diary but a bit more personal, with a bit more art and design. A scrapbook allows to you collect mementos, photos, drawings, writing, and more, all while letting your imagination run wild and come up with a creative design.", "53. Calligraphy: This form of art will have you feeling like a scribe of the ancient world. Calligraphy brings out the beauty of letterforms in the best possible way. Design your letters and words to write personalized cards or craft unique decorations. You\u2019ll gain new appreciation for the wonders of written language.", "54. Quilting: A practical form of art, quilting keeps you warm at night with a custom piece of gear. A quilt is a manifestation of you. Make quilts for yourself or give them as gifts. A good quilt will last nearly forever and is a great personal statement.", "55. Crocheting: Make wonderful cloth designs by crocheting! An invaluable skill for passing time, it lets you build dexterity in your hands and you can make truly beautiful items as well.", "56. Knitting: Similar to crocheting and extremely practical, knitting lets you pass time while making sweaters, scarves, socks, and more. Heavy-duty wool is both strong and fashionable, not to mention warm. So give knitting a chance!", "57. Embroidery: Make your own designs by embroidering them! This great art form lets you get creative with cloth, which you can then use to decorate or give as a gift. Every room in your home could be improved with a framed cross-stitch or two.", "58. Carpet and Tapestry Weaving: A tapestry is always a solid personal statement, and it\u2019s better if you make it yourself. So learn that skill and decorate your house in all your favorite designs. Once used to block drafts in old castles, tapestries are now works of art!", "59. Designing and Making Clothes: If you have a love of fashion, why not make your own clothes? Design them to your specifications and then stitch them together piece by piece. Whether your personal style is edgy or elegant, it\u2019s a great skill to have and others will be jealous of your one-of-a-kind pieces.", "60. Jewelry Making: If you enjoy adorning yourself with jewelry, try making your own and bring your own distinctive creative vision to life. Use either expensive or economical materials; what really matters is the skill of the craftsmanship involved.", "61. Pottery: Ancient, practical, and beautiful, pottery is an ideal way to spend time making something you can use and admire. Store everything from flowers to olive oil in your handiwork\u2014whatever the contents, a handmade pot or vase will always be stunning.", "62. Metal Working: One of the more intensive yet possibly rewarding hobbies, metal working allows you to build or repair at will. You can make simple lawn art, or you can do more intricate repairs on things like vehicles. If you want a really neat hobby which may just land you a job down the road, metal working is a solid pick.", "63. Wood Carving: One of our species\u2019 oldest activities, wood carving is a relaxing way of making anything from works of art to practical items. You can make statues, spoons, even a totem pole if you really have a lot of time on your hands. All you need is a block of solid wood and a small knife to get started here, so try it out, and always cut away from yourself!", "64. Welding: One of the more practical hobbies, welding is perfect for people who like to work with their hands. I would definitely recommend taking a formal class for this one because, well, hot things are dangerous. You can do anything from repair equipment to make lawn art and more if you can weld.", "65. Leather Tooling: Too many people see leather tooling as a dying skill. In reality, it is an incredible and unique art form that can improve nearly anything made of leather. If you like art and designs, try this one, you can spice up belts, wallets, or even holsters or sheaths.", "66. Cobbling: Also wrongly considered by many to be a dying art, cobbling, or shoe making, is an invaluable skill or hobby for almost anyone. First off, you can make shoes to your exact preference. No more having to pick from someone else\u2019s ideas or fits. Also, and maybe more important, you can repair old or damaged footwear, thus saving tons of money over the long run and keeping shoes or boots serviceable over the long run.", "67. Model Railroads: If you love mechanics and designing things, model trains are a perfect outlet for your passion. And they\u2019re almost totally customizable: you can make entire cities on a table. I\u2019ve seen train rooms modelled on 19th century America, or 1960s Germany, or modern Japan. Incorporate a love of history for maximum fun.", "68. Furniture Building: A hobby that can lead into a real job, furniture building gives you the talent to build things that everyone needs. Whether you just want to put together the perfect chair, or if you want to market a whole lot of your perfect chairs to everyone else, furniture making is a fine way to hone your attention to detail and your building skills.", "69. Home Improvement: You can always pay someone to improve your house, but with a little practice, you can do it yourself. Build cabinets, fix plumbing, demolish walls! Make sure to do your reading first, but once you\u2019ve done a few home improvement projects, you\u2019ll have gained some incredibly useful skills.", "70. Model Building: Another form of art, model building offers a miniature way into design. Learn how to build, tinker around with your models, and construct elaborate cities for them too!", "71. LEGO: The ultimate building set, LEGOs let you construct anything and everything: the Millennium Falcon, Hogwarts Castle, a life-size dragon. Build whole worlds, all in your home. Make stories to go with them, invent characters, and bring the place to life.", "72. Trivia: Do you like Jeopardy? Try playing trivia. The unspoken bonus? It typically takes place at a bar! You get to spend time with friends and unwind for an evening.", "73. Video Games: A good video game is like a good movie. It goes beyond simple action or horror to deliver a real emotional experience. So find some good games, like The Last of Us or Horizon Zero Dawn. Get drawn into a fantastic interactive story!", "74. Board Games: Sharpen your competitive skills with others around you. Learn new board games and have fun with people you\u2019re close to. It\u2019s a great way to bond and get good at critical thinking at the same time.", "75. Card Games: More of a gambler? Pick up some card games, though you never have to bet real money if you don\u2019t want to. Get good at numbers and patterns; once you figure that out, it will be about more than simple luck.", "76. Chess: The true intellectual\u2019s game the world over, chess is a great way to learn the skill of thinking ahead and predicting the actions of others. Whether with friends or in competition, chess makes you a sharper thinker!", "77. Puzzles (jigsaw, crosswords, Sudoku, etc.): Another solid way to get good at seeing patterns, various puzzles can be real brain teasers. If you really, really want to show off, you can even do The New York Times crossword in pen\u2026", "78. Juggling: Want to improve your coordination and impress your friends? Juggling really does help balance and hand-eye coordination. Learn to track multiple objects as they move and keep your mind sharp with this hobby.", "79. Table Tennis: One of the more underestimated sports, Ping-Pong, or Table Tennis, is an unmatched way to improve coordination and speed, all while providing a workout. This is a wonderful talent to master.", "80. Billiards: Also known as pool, this game teaches you the skill of coordinating multiple moving objects all at once. Truly skilled players can predict every last motion on the table, and use that to score big. I\u2019ve even seen games where the losing player didn\u2019t hit the cue ball once.", "81. Genealogy: Want to know more about the history of your family? Get into genealogy and figure out who your ancestors were. It\u2019s more than just boring research; you can breathe some life back into your ancestors by recreating their life stories!", "82. Language Learning: One of the best brain teasers of all time, learning a new language can also help you learn about the world and its people. Pick a popular language like Spanish, or from somewhere you want to go, master it, and enjoy speaking with locals in their own tongue. Or go old-school and learn to read Latin or Egyptian hieroglyphs!", "83. Journaling: Keep a record of your life as a way of recalling what you have experienced and learned through the years. Journaling allows you to take time to reflect and improve from each day, so make sure to do it in formative or stressful times too!", "84. Creative Writing: A personal favorite, creative writing lets you invent worlds and characters. Build a story arc from start to finish and give life to those in the universe you made! Try publishing and share your tale with others!", "85. Book Club: Indulge your love of reading with others! Books are outlets to new worlds, but reading is even better when you meet with others to discuss the books later. You\u2019ll learn so much and open up a brand new aspect of literature.", "86. Home Science Experiments: Stay safe, but if you do it right, you can explore science in your own home. Learn some basic chemistry with materials already in your kitchen, such as vinegar and baking powder. As long as you don\u2019t become like Walter White in Breaking Bad, you\u2019ll learn a ton about the physical worlds around you.", "87. Wikipedia Editing: If you want to contribute to society\u2019s knowledge, become a Wikipedia editor in a topic you know about. Learn to details, and then give other people the power to learn them too!", "88. Volunteering for a Historical Society: Love history and want to get some hands on experience with it? Find your local historical society and see what you can do for them! You\u2019ll learn, but you can also help others get interested in history too!", "Even more hobbies", "89. Playing an Instrument: Is this the best way to spend free time indoors? Yeah, probably. My personal pick is my left-handed Taylor guitar, but any instrument is a cool way to make music, learn rhythm, and get into one of the oldest forms of art we have. Check out these guides to the Guitar, Piano & Saxophone!", "90. Podcast Hosting: If you have a topic you love, host a podcast and get to talk with others who love it too! You\u2019ll be amazed who has an interest in your hobby too. Get guest speakers on as well! Podcasts are a great way to gain mastery of a topic.", "91. Amateur Radio: Radio is great for music and talk, so try it out on your own or with a smaller radio station. There are more of those than you would think, so look them up and see if you can\u2019t get your voice on the air!", "92. Thrifting: Like saving money? I thought so. So go to thrift shops, pawn shops, lawn and estate sales to find the best deals on things you want. There\u2019s no need to buy new, so learn how to spot hidden treasure and go on an adventure seeking out whatever you want.", "93. Makeup: Basically art for your face. You can go subtle to enhance your natural looks, or follow a YouTube tutorial to transform yourself entirely! Makeup is great for daily use, theater, or even for entertainment.", "94. Dancing: Both art and exercise, dancing teaches you coordination and even some social skills. Whether you choose bachata, waltz, or kizomba, learning a style of dance will show you how to move in new ways, so give it a shot!", "95. Hula Hooping: Another combination of exercise and art, hula hooping will help your core and cardio fitness, but can also be made an art by learning to dance with the hoop.", "96. Aquarium Keeping: \u201cFish are friends not food!\u201d Or at least the sharks in Finding Nemo think so. In reality, fish are beautiful and make a wonderful addition to any room. Do your research and set up a watery kingdom for your fish to enjoy.", "97. Computer Programming: Learning to program computers opens a whole new world to you. Figure out these complex machines and learn to bend them to do what you want. Though it\u2019s tough, it\u2019s rewarding, so try it out and become a master coder!", "98. Working on Cars: A great way to learn mechanic! Cars combine function and aesthetics very well, and most of us have a lot to learn about how they work! Get to know old and new engines, internal combustion, and diesel. It\u2019s an endless opportunity to figure out new and mystifying machines.", "99. Travel: The best way to see the world is in person. So hop on a plane or a ship and go somewhere! Get your passport and go on an adventure. It\u2019s never too late and if you plan carefully, you can cut down on costs considerably.", "100. Cosplaying: If you really like certain characters from a book or show or movie, you can dress and role play as them, especially at conventions. You can meet tons of new people, all of whom share your passions for your favorite genre. Cosplaying is a true fan\u2019s way of showing their love of a genre.", "101. Survivalist Prepping: A bit of a preface for this one: you don\u2019t need to go all out here. Live in an earthquake or hurricane prone area? Might be smart to have some basic supplies put away just in case. Having a few weeks of food in a closet will not hurt you. Of course, if you want to prepare for Russian strategic rocket forces coming down on you, that works too. My only warning, don\u2019t give up your normal life for this: it\u2019s possible to do both at once.", "5 Fun Hobbies for Couples to Make Your Relationship Stronger", "7 Hobbies That Will Make You Smarter", "10 Most Popular Hobbies of the World\u2019s Richest People", "This site is intended for informational purposes only." ] }, { "url": "https://www.megahobby.com/", "title": "MegaHobby com The USA s Largest Online Hobby Shop", "content": [ "/New Arrivals/", "Taxi Car w/4 French Infantry Battle of the Marne 1914", "FAQ 3 Modern AFV Painting Techniques Book AK Interactive", "Real Colors of WWII Aircraft Book AK Interactive", "1966 American Lowrider Type C", "Water Pump Set w/Buckets, Cans, etc", "M551 Sheridan Vietnam War Airborne Tank", "Colonial General Service Wagon (3 Sets: Wagon, 2 Horses & 2 Figs)", "1/72 Hat", "Colonial Ox Wagon (3 Sets: Wagon, 2 Oxen & 2 Figs)", "WWI Renault FT17 Tank w/37mm Cannon (2)", "NYC Auxiliary Service Logos Decal Set", "1/25 AMT Models", "Super Trailer Clear Display Case", "1/25 MPC Models", "1969 Chevelle SS396 Car", "1969 Plymouth GTX Convertible Car", "1959 Chrysler Imperial Customizing Car", "Tamiya XF and X Colors", "1/4 oz 1100 & 1500 Series Bottles", "17ml Acrylic Paint Bottles Model Colors Vallejo", "Tamiya TS-Colors Spray Cans", "Model Master Military Acrylic Open Stock", "1/2oz Bottles Series 4600-4888", "Humbrol 14ml Enamel Paint Tinlets", "Model Master FS Military Enamel Paint 1700 Series", "1/2oz Bottles", "17ml Acrylic Paint Bottles Model Air Colors Vallejo", "About Mega Hobby", "/Our Family Business/", "MegaHobby.com makes it easy for everyone to shop online and find everything they need in one convenient place. We are busy enhancing and updating the site on a daily basis to keep it fresh and interesting for every visitor that stops by. You will find a wide variety of models and many different skill levels to accommodate all builders. Visit the site often to see the many different items we offer.", "MegaHobby.com also stocks a wide variety of paints, supplies, detailing sets, and books to satisfy every customer s needs. There are also many educational and historical items that are perfect for science and school projects. We have also expanded our product line to include puzzles, paint by number sets, science kits, and more", "Through three generations, the Bass family has passed down a tradition of caring, ethics, and most importantly, treating every employee and customer like a member of the family. Customer service and loyalty to those who support us has always been at the top of our pyramid. But most importantly, a love of what we do and an appreciation of the passion our customers have for their hobbies is what keeps us going every day. Thank you for being a part of our expanded hobby family!", "Build Review of Ebbro s 1/48 scale HondaJet", "Today we bring you another MegaHobby build and review! The subject of this build is Ebbro s n..." ] }, { "url": "https://hobbyzeal.com/list-of-hobbies-interests", "title": "A Truly Unimaginable List of Hobbies and Interests Hobby", "content": [ "A Truly Unimaginable List of Hobbies and Interests", "Having a hobby that can relieve your everyday stress, even for a few minutes, is a true blessing. For those who don t have a hobby as such, this article will give you a list of various activities that you can take up as a hobby... and we are talking about hobbies and interests beyond singing, dancing, and gardening.", "There is something really unusual about hobbies and interests. They vary from person to person distinguishing one s personality from the other. They also bring different people together, taking the mind off the monotony that sets in with the daily routine. The best thing that can happen to you is to be able to live your hobby everyday, making a living out of doing what gives you a sense of pleasure and satisfaction.", "Did you know that there are so many millionaires in this world, who would never have achieved what they did, if their field of success was not their hobby! Let s take the example of an application that was created as a hobby, and is now a part of everyone s life - Facebook. Do I need to tell you the rewards Mark Zuckerberg has received because of his hobby?", "Many of us let go of our interests and hobbies to meet the daily demands of life; don t do that. Life is about being happy, about being able to enjoy what you do, and there are many things that people enjoy doing! The lists that follow, include hobbies based on different categories. Have a look.", "Observational Hobbies", "Being observant is a natural skill, and a true observer is the one that notices even the minute details without making it obvious to others. These hobbies teach us a lot of things, including patience, perseverance, and appreciation. The world that we live in is a marvel in itself, the beauty of which we seldom notice due to our busy schedule. These hobbies will help you think beyond your usual sphere.", "Amateur meteorology", "People who follow bird watching are known as birders, and I would like to give a special mention to Phoebe Snetsinger, who is known to have seen the maximum species of birds (8,398 out of over 10,000 that exist). Bird watching was her hobby, but she started pursuing it fervently only after she was diagnosed with cancer. Instead of staying at home and taking rest, she got engaged in traveling distant places for bird watching, which was her way to cope with the illness.", "Hobbies Related to Sports and Adventure", "Most people confine hobbies related to sports and adventure to men. I fail to agree. Adventure is something that every human seeks because it gives them a sense of thrill and achievement. There are various activities in this category, and each one is worth a try!", "There is no better example of the passion one can have for a hobby than Bethany Hamilton, who turned her hobby into her career and became a professional surfer. The amazing part is that she continued surfing even after losing her complete left arm in a shark attack!", "Hobbies Related to Nature", "Let us begin with the activities that remind us of our natural self... hobbies related to the nature in which we live! What makes this category special is that these activities can also contribute in reducing various environmental issues that we are facing globally. Issues, like global warming, deforestation, animal conservation, etc., may be taken care of in our own little way. Have a look at the hobbies that can help you make the earth greener and healthier.", "Making birdfeeders/birdhouses", "Animal care (volunteering at an animal shelter)", "Did you know? Many famous celebrities like Miranda Kerr, Jessica Alba, Gwyneth Paltrow use organic produces in their daily lives. Adding to the list is actress Alicia Silverstone, who is known for her love for nature. She is a vegan, an environmentalist, and she also works for animal rights.", "Creativity is another form of a true blessing! The ability to think and create something beautiful is a true art. If you have the creative spark in you, then there is nothing that can stop you from exploring your inner potential. Below is a list of hobbies that you would love to do!", "Cook foods in disguise (dishes that look something, but are something else)", "I would like to cite the example of television personality Rachael Ray, who is famous only because she loves to cook. Mind you, she has had no formal training, but in spite of that she happens to be an author of cookery books and hosts cookery shows. She also popularized the phrase EVOO - a short form of Extra Virgin Olive Oil , which was also added to The Oxford American College Dictionary.", "Hobbies Related to Computers and Technology", "Almost half of the population today is tech savvy, using technology-based applications for doing half of the routine work, be it sending and receiving e-mails, educating yourself on various topics through search engines, or socializing through Facebook, Twitter, or Skype. Some of the most popular hobbies are those associated with the virtual world. The following are some examples.", "Keeping virtual pets", "Mark Zuckerberg, one of the co-founders of Facebook, started writing software as a hobby. In his sophomore year at Harvard College, he created a notorious application known as Facemash, which was banned within days! Later, he launched Facebook from his dormitory room. The application spread slowly to other campuses, and is now a part of everybody s life. Facebook made Zuckerberg a billionaire when he was just 23 years old!", "A hobby is something that we enjoy doing, something that relaxes our minds! While the best place to relax is home, there are many people, who define relaxing as something that is done outdoors. Below is a list of hobbies that tend to relax and refresh your mind and body in the midst of nature.", "Talking about outdoor hobbies reminds me of Ernest Hemingway and his love for fishing! Knowing the popular author and journalist that he was, he always took time out for outdoor fishing trips with his friends. He started fishing at the age of 3, and wrote many write ups about the same, like Tuna Fishing in Spain, Trout Fishing All Across Europe: Spain Has the Best, Then Germany. His first novel published in 1952, The Old Man and the Sea, was also based on the life of an old fisherman.", "Have you come across this situation at home, when your brother wants to play soccer on a Sunday morning, but your sister wants to stay at home and play cards? For some people, the ultimate way to refresh their minds and relax, is not by doing something out in the open, but something within the coziness of the indoors. Like I said, not all of us are the same!", "Emma Watson loved studying and reading in the reel life when she played Hermione Granger in the Harry Potter Series. Do you know what her hobby in real life is? Playing ping pong! In fact, her co-actors Daniel Radcliffe and Rupert Grint admit that she is so good with her hobby that they have stopped playing with her to save themselves from the embarrassment of losing almost every time!", "While some of us like to get rid of all the clutter and nonproductive things out of the house, there are some who would rather refer to the clutter as collection ! Different people collect different things. Trust me, I knew a girl who collected her fingernails! While your collection needn t be as bizarre, have a look at some of the most commonly collected items in a hobby.", "Collecting bird feathers", "Collecting fossils and rocks", "Collecting seashells", "Collecting stamps", "Collecting dried flowers", "Collecting comic books", "Collecting photographs of people you meet", "Collecting visiting/greeting card (received)", "Did you know? Celebrities like Samuel L. Jackson, Jimmy Jacobs, and Nicholas Cage are also comic-book collectors . In fact, Nicholas Cage had changed his surname from Coppola to Cage after a Marvel comics character Luke Cage. Jimmy Jacobs, a handball player, and a boxing manager, who also managed Mike Tyson, was known to be the owner of the largest collection of comic books in the world!", "Health-related Hobbies", "While there was a time when the phrase watch what you eat was meant for celebrities and models, or people who were advancing towards obesity ... these days we can find a majority of the population hitting the gyms and hiring dietitians! Everyone wants to have a beach body and a healthy system. The awareness has reached to an extent where people have actually made healthy living not only a lifestyle but a hobby. Here is a list of some of the healthy hobbies that can add value to your life.", "Participating in marathons", "Exercising and body building", "Don t you ever wonder how the 54-year-old diva Madonna can still give complex to an 18-year-old? Madonna s lifestyle is all about fitness. She is an ardent fitness lover. She used to practice yoga all days of the week at one point. She has recently launched her DVD workout series and has also opened a gym chain called Hard Candy Fitness.", "Lifestyle-related Hobbies", "Well, I think when you have been following a certain lifestyle, its components become a habit, and when you start loving that habit, it turns into a hobby! The list of hobbies mentioned underneath are those that can be followed only when you have an acquired sense and interest to pursue it. Though this statement applies to all the hobbies and interests, the hobbies underneath will give you an idea about what I mean.", "Collecting precious gems", "Collecting vintage items", "Shopping for latest trends", "Michael Gambon, the actor who played Professor Dumbledore in the Harry Potter Series, has a hobby of collecting vintage guns and firearms. Adding to the list is our very dear Tom Hanks, who collects vintage typewriters as his hobby.", "Though we all may have similar appearances outwardly, our mind is but a bundle of complex interests and imagination, not possible for all to understand. A hobby is a way to escape from doing what is expected from us, to doing what we like to do. Maybe I would never be able to understand why Johnny Depp likes playing with Barbie dolls; maybe you will. If you like doing something, just do it! You don t have to think about the others; there are a plenty of things you are doing for them anyway!", "Good Hobbies for Teenage Girls", "List of Fun Hobbies", "Popular Hobbies for Women", "Hobbies for Men over 50" ] }, { "url": "https://www.towerhobbies.com/", "title": "Tower Hobbies RC Airplanes Drones Cars Trucks and Boats", "content": [ "The world s premier supplier of radio remote control models. Tower Hobbies has been serving R/C modelers since 1971 and is widely known for its professional, premium service at competitive prices.", "Free/Reduced* Shipping! View Details.", "$99 minimum order / Club Members $75 minimum order!", "Parts Saver\u2122 Shipping Only $1.99!", "Watch for the green checkmark ()", "Blade Nano S2 RTF & BNF", "Blade Inductrix Switch Air RTF & BNF", "Top Flite Ready To Cover Aircraft", "Spektrum A5070 High Torque High Speed Mini MG HV S", "Spektrum 16A 380W Power Supply", "Redcat Racing Camo X4 Pro 1/10 Scale Brushless", "Redcat Racing Camo TT Pro 1/10 Scale Electric", "Spektrum DX5 Rugged DSMR TX w/SR515", "Redcat Racing Gen 8 Intl Scout II 1/10 4WD RTR", "Team Losi Racing 1/8 8IGHT-XE Electric Buggy", "Spektrum XBC100 SMART Battery Checker & Servo Driver", "E-flite Extra 300 3D 1.3m BNF Basic & PNP", "Kyosho 1/8 Inferno MP9E Evo Readyset EP", "Tactic TR625 6-Channel SLT Receiver Twin Antennas", "Losi 22S SCT RTR: 1/10 2WD Short Course Truck", "E-flite Timber X BNF Basic & PNP", "Kyosho 1/10 EP 4WD Fazer Mk2 Rage 2.0 Red", "Kyosho 1/10 EP 4WD Fazer Mk2 Rage 2.0 Green", "Good Through February 22!", "Visit often \u2013 save always!", "Shop on a Budget with our Shop By Price Feature", "Stretch Your Hobby Dollars With Easy Pay! No Interest!", "Buy in Quantities and Save!", "Tower Hobbies Gift Certificates!", "Emailed e-gift certificates & mailed gift certificates available!", "Create or view your own Wish List.", "Tower Hobbies Super Saver Club", "Beginners guide to Radio Control", "Everything you need for your electric aircraft.", "Parts Saver ONLY $1.99", "Save on your favorite R/C magazine subscriptions.", "Sign-Up Now! Receive Money Saving Email Offers.", "Tower Hobbies Has Been Serving Hobbyists Since 1971", "Call: 800-637-4989 or +1-217-398-3636", "Copyright \u00a9Horizon Hobby, LLC. All rights reserved. Do not duplicate or redistribute in any form." ] } ], "selected_contents": [ [ false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 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I hope that I can hit the ball once a day.", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077539 }, { "action": "Wizard => SearchAgent", "text": "rafael", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077567 }, { "action": "SearchAgent => Wizard", "text": "", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Raphael-Italian-painter-and-architect", "title": "Raphael Biography Artworks Paintings Accomplishments", "content": [ "Italian painter and architect", "Alternative Titles: Raffaello Santi, Raffaello Sanzio, Raphael Sanzio", "Raphael, Italian in full Raffaello Sanzio or Raffaello Santi, (born April 6, 1483, Urbino, Duchy of Urbino [Italy]\u2014died April 6, 1520, Rome, Papal States [Italy]), master painter and architect of the Italian High Renaissance. Raphael is best known for his Madonnas and for his large figure compositions in the Vatican. His work is admired for its clarity of form and ease of composition and for its visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur.", "Early years at Urbino", "Raphael was the son of Giovanni Santi and Magia di Battista Ciarla; his mother died in 1491. His father was, according to the 16th-century artist and biographer Giorgio Vasari, a painter \u201cof no great merit.\u201d He was, however, a man of culture who was in constant contact with the advanced artistic ideas current at the court of Urbino. He gave his son his first instruction in painting, and, before his death in 1494, when Raphael was 11, he had introduced the boy to humanistic philosophy at the court.", "Urbino had become a centre of culture during the rule of Duke Federico da Montefeltro, who encouraged the arts and attracted the visits of men of outstanding talent, including Donato Bramante, Piero della Francesca, and Leon Battista Alberti, to his court. Although Raphael would be influenced by major artists in Florence and Rome, Urbino constituted the basis for all his subsequent learning. Furthermore, the cultural vitality of the city probably stimulated the exceptional precociousness of the young artist, who, even at the beginning of the 16th century, when he was scarcely 17 years old, already displayed an extraordinary talent.", "Apprenticeship at Perugia", "The date of Raphael\u2019s arrival in Perugia is not known, but several scholars place it in 1495. The first record of Raphael\u2019s activity as a painter is found there in a document of December 10, 1500, declaring that the young painter, by then called a \u201cmaster,\u201d was commissioned to help paint an altarpiece to be completed by September 13, 1502. It is clear from this that Raphael had already given proof of his mastery, so much so that between 1501 and 1503 he received a rather important commission\u2014to paint the Coronation of the Virgin for the Oddi Chapel in the church of San Francesco, Perugia (and now in the Vatican). The great Umbrian master Pietro Perugino was executing the frescoes in the Collegio del Cambio at Perugia between 1498 and 1500, enabling Raphael, as a member of his workshop, to acquire extensive professional knowledge.", "Resurrection of Christ, oil on wood panel by Raphael, 1499\u20131502; in the Museu de Arte de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. 52 \u00d7 44 cm. \u00a9 SuperStock", "In addition to this practical instruction, Perugino\u2019s calmly exquisite style also influenced Raphael. The Giving of the Keys to St. Peter, painted in 1481\u201382 by Perugino for the Sistine Chapel of the Vatican palace, inspired Raphael\u2019s first major work, The Marriage of the Virgin (1504). Perugino\u2019s influence is seen in the emphasis on perspectives, in the graded relationships between the figures and the architecture, and in the lyrical sweetness of the figures. Nevertheless, even in this early painting, it is clear that Raphael\u2019s sensibility was different from his teacher\u2019s. The disposition of the figures is less rigidly related to the architecture, and the disposition of each figure in relation to the others is more informal and animated. The sweetness of the figures and the gentle relation between them surpasses anything in Perugino\u2019s work.", "Three small paintings done by Raphael shortly after The Marriage of the Virgin\u2014Vision of a Knight, Three Graces, and St. Michael\u2014are masterful examples of narrative painting, showing, as well as youthful freshness, a maturing ability to control the elements of his own style. Although he had learned much from Perugino, Raphael by late 1504 needed other models to work from; it is clear that his desire for knowledge was driving him to look beyond Perugia.", "Saint Michael Overwhelming the Demon (also known as The Small Saint Michael), oil on wood by Raphael, c. 1505; in the Louvre Museum, Paris. 30 \u00d7 26 cm. \u00a9 Photos.com/Jupiterimages", "Move to Florence", "Vasari vaguely recounts that Raphael followed the Perugian painter Bernardino Pinturicchio to Siena and then went on to Florence, drawn there by accounts of the work that Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo were undertaking in that city. By the autumn of 1504 Raphael had certainly arrived in Florence. It is not known if this was his first visit to Florence, but, as his works attest, it was about 1504 that he first came into substantial contact with this artistic civilization, which reinforced all the ideas he had already acquired and also opened to him new and broader horizons. Vasari records that he studied not only the works of Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Fra Bartolommeo, who were the masters of the High Renaissance, but also \u201cthe old things of Masaccio,\u201d a pioneer of the naturalism that marked the departure of the early Renaissance from the Gothic.", "Still, his principal teachers in Florence were Leonardo and Michelangelo. Many of the works that Raphael executed in the years between 1505 and 1507, most notably a great series of Madonnas including The Madonna of the Goldfinch (c. 1505), the Madonna del Prato (c. 1505), the Esterh\u00e1zy Madonna (c. 1505\u201307), and La Belle Jardini\u00e8re (c. 1507), are marked by the influence of Leonardo, who since 1480 had been making great innovations in painting. Raphael was particularly influenced by Leonardo\u2019s Madonna and Child with St. Anne pictures, which are marked by an intimacy and simplicity of setting uncommon in 15th-century art. Raphael learned the Florentine method of building up his composition in depth with pyramidal figure masses; the figures are grouped as a single unit, but each retains its own individuality and shape. A new unity of composition and suppression of inessentials distinguishes the works he painted in Florence. Raphael also owed much to Leonardo\u2019s lighting techniques; he made moderate use of Leonardo\u2019s chiaroscuro (i.e., strong contrast between light and dark), and he was especially influenced by his sfumato (i.e., use of extremely fine, soft shading instead of line to delineate forms and features). Raphael went beyond Leonardo, however, in creating new figure types whose round, gentle faces reveal uncomplicated and typically human sentiments but raised to a sublime perfection and serenity.", "Madonna del Prato, oil on wood panel by Raphael, 1505; in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna. 1.1 m \u00d7 87 cm. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna", "\u201cMadonna and Child,\u201d black chalk and pen sketch by Raphael; in the Albertina, Vienna Courtesy of the Albertina, Vienna", "In 1507 Raphael was commissioned to paint the Deposition of Christ. In this work it is obvious that Raphael set himself deliberately to learn from Michelangelo the expressive possibilities of human anatomy. But Raphael differed from Leonardo and Michelangelo, who were both painters of dark intensity and excitement, in that he wished to develop a calmer and more-extroverted style that would serve as a popular, universally accessible form of visual communication.", "Last years in Rome", "Raphael was called to Rome toward the end of 1508 by Pope Julius II at the suggestion of the architect Donato Bramante. At this time Raphael was little known in Rome, but the young man soon made a deep impression on the volatile Julius and the papal court, and his authority as a master grew day by day. Raphael was endowed with a handsome appearance and great personal charm in addition to his prodigious artistic talents, and he eventually became so popular that he was called \u201cthe prince of painters.\u201d", "Raphael spent the last 12 years of his short life in Rome. They were years of feverish activity and successive masterpieces. His first task in the city was to paint a cycle of frescoes in a suite of medium-sized rooms in the Vatican papal apartments in which Julius himself lived and worked; these rooms are known simply as the Stanze. The Stanza della Segnatura (1508\u201311) and Stanza d\u2019Eliodoro (1512\u201314) were decorated practically entirely by Raphael himself; the frescoes in the Stanza dell\u2019Incendio (1514\u201317), though designed by Raphael, were largely executed by his numerous assistants and pupils.", "The decoration of the Stanza della Segnatura was perhaps Raphael\u2019s greatest work. Julius II was a highly cultured man who surrounded himself with the most illustrious personalities of the Renaissance. He entrusted Bramante with the construction of a new basilica of St. Peter to replace the original 4th-century church; he called upon Michelangelo to execute his tomb and compelled him against his will to decorate the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel; and, sensing the genius of Raphael, he committed into his hands the interpretation of the philosophical scheme of the frescoes in the Stanza della Segnatura. This theme was the historical justification of the power of the Roman Catholic Church through Neoplatonic philosophy.", "The four main walls in the Stanza della Segnatura are occupied by the frescoes Disputa and the School of Athens on the larger walls and the Parnassus and Cardinal Virtues on the smaller walls. The two most important of these frescoes are the Disputa and the School of Athens. The Disputa, showing a celestial vision of God and his prophets and apostles above a gathering of representatives, past and present, of the Roman Catholic Church, equates through its iconography the triumph of the church and the triumph of truth. The School of Athens is a complex allegory of secular knowledge, or philosophy, showing Plato and Aristotle surrounded by philosophers, past and present, in a splendid architectural setting; it illustrates the historical continuity of Platonic thought. The School of Athens is perhaps the most famous of all Raphael\u2019s frescoes, and one of the culminating artworks of the High Renaissance. Here Raphael fills an ordered and stable space with figures in a rich variety of poses and gestures, which he controls in order to make one group of figures lead to the next in an interweaving and interlocking pattern, bringing the eye to the central figures of Plato and Aristotle at the converging point of the perspectival space. The space in which the philosophers congregate is defined by the pilasters and barrel vaults of a great basilica that is based on Bramante\u2019s design for the new St. Peter\u2019s in Rome. The general effect of the fresco is one of majestic calm, clarity, and equilibrium.", "Raphael: School of AthensDetail from School of Athens, fresco by Raphael, 1508\u201311; in the Stanza della Segnatura in the Vatican. Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York", "About the same time, probably in 1511, Raphael painted a more secular subject, the Triumph of Galatea, in the Villa Farnesina in Rome; this work was perhaps the High Renaissance\u2019s most successful evocation of the living spirit of Classical antiquity. Meanwhile, Raphael\u2019s decoration of the papal apartments continued after the death of Julius in 1513 and into the succeeding pontificate of Leo X until 1517. In contrast to the generalized allegories in the Stanza della Segnatura, the decorations in the second room, the Stanza d\u2019Eliodoro, portray specific miraculous events in the history of the Christian church. The four principal subjects are The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple, The Mass at Bolsena, The Liberation of St. Peter, and Leo I Halting Attila. These frescoes are deeper and richer in colour than are those in the earlier room, and they display a new boldness on Raphael\u2019s part in both their dramatic subjects and their unusual effects of light. The Liberation of St. Peter, for example, is a night scene and contains three separate lighting effects\u2014moonlight, the torch carried by a soldier, and the supernatural light emanating from an angel. Raphael delegated his assistants to decorate the third room, the Stanze dell\u2019Incendio, with the exception of one fresco, the Fire in the Borgo, in which his pursuit of more dramatic pictorial incidents and his continuing study of the male nude are plainly apparent.", "The Madonnas that Raphael painted in Rome show him turning away from the serenity and gentleness of his earlier works in order to emphasize qualities of energetic movement and grandeur. His Alba Madonna (1508) epitomizes the serene sweetness of the Florentine Madonnas but shows a new maturity of emotional expression and supreme technical sophistication in the poses of the figures. It was followed by the Madonna di Foligno (1510) and the Sistine Madonna (1513), which show both the richness of colour and the new boldness in compositional invention typical of Raphael\u2019s Roman period. Some of his other late Madonnas, such as the Madonna of Francis I, are remarkable for their polished elegance.", "Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione, oil on canvas by Raphael, 1516; in the Louvre, Paris. 82 \u00d7 66 cm. Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York", "Portrait of Dona Isabel de Requesens, Vice-Reine of Naples, formerly Portrait of Jeanne d Aragon Raffaello, oil on canvas (18th century) transferred from oil on wood by Raphael and Giulio Romano, 1518; in the Louvre Museum, Paris. 1.20 x 0.95 m. \u00a9 Photos.com/Jupiterimages", "Besides his other accomplishments, Raphael became the most important portraitist in Rome during the first two decades of the 16th century. He introduced new types of presentation and new psychological situations for his sitters, as seen in the portrait of Leo X with Two Cardinals (1517\u201319). Raphael\u2019s finest work in the genre is perhaps the Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione (1516), a brilliant and arresting character study.", "Leo X commissioned Raphael to design 10 large tapestries to hang on the walls of the Sistine Chapel. Seven of the 10 cartoons (full-size preparatory drawings) were completed by 1516, and the tapestries woven after them were hung in place in the chapel by 1519. Those cartoons represent Christ\u2019s Charge to Peter, The Miraculous Draught of Fishes, The Death of Ananias, The Healing of the Lame Man, The Blinding of Elymas, The Sacrifice at Lystra, and St. Paul Preaching at Athens. In these pictures Raphael created prototypes that would influence the European tradition of narrative history painting for centuries to come. The cartoons display Raphael\u2019s keen sense of drama, his use of gestures and facial expressions to portray emotion, and his incorporation of credible physical settings from both the natural world and that of ancient Roman architecture.", "While he was at work in the Stanza della Segnatura, Raphael also did his first architectural work, designing the church of Sant\u2019Eligio degli Orefici. In 1513 the banker Agostino Chigi, whose Villa Farnesina Raphael had already decorated, commissioned him to design and decorate his funerary chapel in the church of Santa Maria del Popolo. In 1514 Leo X chose him to work on the basilica of St. Peter\u2019s alongside Bramante; when Bramante died later that year, Raphael assumed the direction of the work, transforming the plans of the church from a Greek, or radial, to a Latin, or longitudinal, design.", "Raphael was also a keen student of archaeology and of ancient Greco-Roman sculpture, echoes of which are apparent in his paintings of the human figure during the Roman period. In 1515 Leo X put him in charge of the supervision of the preservation of marbles bearing valuable Latin inscriptions; two years later he was appointed commissioner of antiquities for the city, and he drew up an archaeological map of Rome. Raphael had by this time been put in charge of virtually all of the papacy\u2019s various artistic projects in Rome, involving architecture, paintings and decoration, and the preservation of antiquities.", "Raphael\u2019s last masterpiece is the Transfiguration (commissioned by Giulio Cardinal de\u2019 Medici in 1517), an enormous altarpiece that was unfinished at his death and completed by his assistant Giulio Romano. The Transfiguration is a complex work that combines extreme formal polish and elegance of execution with an atmosphere of tension and violence communicated by the agitated gestures of closely crowded groups of figures. It shows a new sensibility that is like the prevision of a new world, turbulent and dynamic; in its feeling and composition it inaugurated the Mannerist movement and tends toward an expression that may even be called Baroque.", "Raphael died on his 37th birthday. His funeral mass was celebrated at the Vatican, his Transfiguration was placed at the head of the bier, and his body was buried in the Pantheon in Rome.", "Western architecture: High Renaissance in Italy (1495\u20131520)", "As completed by Raphael, there are two superimposed arcades with Tuscan and Ionic orders and a colonnade with Composite columns.\u2026", "Rome: The Esquiline", "\u2026years later, when the painter Raphael and his friends were let down on ropes to look, the style they imitated in decorating the Vatican loggias was called grottesche (see also grotesque).\u2026", "Raphael and Michelangelo were also outstanding draftsmen. Each of them used drawing in order to allow his thoughts about individual works to mature; each had a highly personal drawing style, the one with a soft and rounded stroke, the other with a sculptor\u2019s intermittent and\u2026", "tapestry: 16th century", "\u2026between 1514 and 1516 by Raphael (1483\u20131520). Little or no concession had been made to the tapestry medium for which the cartoons were intended, but the tapestries were a great success, and numerous copies of them were subsequently made.\u2026", "Renaissance art, painting, sculpture, architecture, music, and literature produced during the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries in Europe under the combined influences of an increased awareness of nature, a revival of classical learning, and a more individualistic view of man. Scholars no longer believe that the Renaissance marked an abrupt\u2026", "More About Raphael", "association with Sebastiano del Piombo", "In Sebastiano del Piombo", "Farnesina villa", "grottesche style", "In Rome: The Esquiline", "Palazzo Caprini residence", "In Donato Bramante: Roman period", "tapestry development", "In tapestry: 16th century", "Urbino majolica", "In Urbino majolica", "In Mannerism", "In mural: The High Renaissance", "In Western architecture: High Renaissance in Italy (1495\u20131520)", "The Catholic Encyclopedia - Biography of Raphael", "Web Gallery of Art - Biography of Raffaello Sanzio", "Raphael - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)", "Urbino, Italy", "\u201cSchool of Athens\u201d", "\u201cThe Liberation of St. Peter\u201d", "\u201cDisputa\u201d", "Stanza d\u2019Elidoro", "\u201cTransfiguration\u201d", "\u201cThe Marriage of the Virgin\u201d" ] }, { "url": "https://janethevirgin.fandom.com/wiki/Rafael_Solano", "title": "Rafael Solano Jane the Virgin Wiki Fandom", "content": [ "Alba Villanueva", "Rafael Solano", "Rogelio De La Vega", "Characters, Main Characters, The Marbella,", "Villanuevas", "Who is Rafael Solano?", "You are where you are, right?", "\u2014 Rafael reassuring Jane[1]", "mi hijo \u2019\u2019my son\u2019\u2019 (by Alba)", "Zen Rafael", "Douche Rafael (as a joke)", "Bartender at The Marbella", "2010\u2014May 2020", "Co-owner of The Marbella", "Prisoner (9 months)", "(graduated)", "(girlfriend/baby-momma)", "Katherine Cortes", "(fling)", "(ex-wife/baby-momma)", "(ex-girlfriend)", "Catalina Mora", "(son)", "(daughters)", "Unborn boy \u2020", "(adoptive sister)", "Elena Di Nola \u2020", "Emilio Solano \u2020", "Derek Ruvelle \u2020", "(adoptive maternal half-brother)", "(adoptive step-sister; former stepmother)", "Elias Janssen (young Rafael)", "1 of 18 Season 5", "22 of 22 Season 1", "Rafael Solano is a main character on CW dramedy Jane the Virgin. He is portrayed by Justin Baldoni.", "Rafael was born in Italy and adopted by Elena and Emilio Solano, a cold, critical and distant man. They brought him to America and raised him as their own until Elena left when Rafael was just 4 years old, to be raised by Emilio along with his sister, Luisa.", "Rafael is attempting to find his place in the world and, as he has recently come to understand better that he is longing for the security of a true family. A step on the way has been discovering that Elena and Emilio are not his biological parents \u2013 he was born in Italy. His journey now will be one of finding out who he is and what he wants, once he knows.", "After talking with his sister, Luisa, to work up the nerve, Rafael is finally ready to accept that he has wanted to end his marriage to Petra for a year. When Petra, unbeknownst to Rafael, uses his last chance of having a baby he is understandably upset but also confused about the big life choice he had just made to divorce, and what his future will now hold when there is a child involved.[2]", "For this reason, Rafael decides to give his marriage another chance[3], but immediately ends it after discovering that Petra cheated on him with his college roommate, Zaz.[4] He is surprised to find himself drawn to Jane Villanueva, after initially stating he thought of her more as a sister[4] and his feelings build to a point where he wants to have a relationship with Jane[5] \u2013 and very quickly also a serious future together.[6]", "All the while Rafael works through the obstacles in his father s perception of Rafael s potential and gains more and more responsibility with The Marbella. The confluence of his father s murder, his mother s reappearance and Jane rejecting his impromptu proposal, overwhelm Rafael. He is lost, does not know what to focus on or how to move forward and decides to break up with Jane, whom he feels he can t give everything to[7].", "After focusing on one thing \u2013 the future of The Marbella and Emilio Solano s legacy \u2013 Rafael finds some clarity[8] and lays to rest the notion that Emilio was anything other than the distant, cold father that he was. Rafael decides to forego his father s business empire, save for The Marbella, and focus on what he wants \u2013 at this point, it is winning Jane back.[9]", "After the birth of Mateo, Rafael panics at learning of Mateo s abduction by Sin Rostro and does everything he can to get him back, including working with Michael Cordero.[10] After Sin Rostro arranges a trade for Mateo with Michael, Rafael tells Michael he wants him to be Mateo s godfather \u2013 a decision which is later fraught by Rafael and Michael s ongoing competition for Jane s affections. Rafael returns to focusing on his newborn son and winning Jane s heart, while unbeknownst to him, his ex-wife Petra is complicating matters by self-impregnating with Rafael s sample. [11]", "Suddenly having to deal with caring for the now mother-to-be of his unborn child, changes the dynamic between him and Jane, putting Petra in-between them and further complicating a possible reunion of Jane and Rafael.[12] When Rafael learns that Jane not only has chosen Michael but also declares that she has fallen out of love with Rafael, he is both heartbroken and worried for Mateo s safety given Michael s profession and Michael s previous conduct as a detective. The tension and Michael s fear of losing Jane leads to Michael having an aggressive reaction toward Rafael \u2013 which has Jane rejecting Michael in spite of her feelings for him.[13]", "Jane attempts to mend fences with Rafael, who is hurt by her behavior and blinders when it comes to Michael, but he resorts to focusing on successful co-parenting of Mateo and this is their first step toward reconciliation. When Rafael starts dating Jill from Mateo s mommy group, he is surprised at Jane s jealousy, but she maintains that it s fine for her. Rafael, however, eventually realizes that he can t continue seeing Jill when Jane is the one in his heart. He also attends his first Villanueva thanksgiving celebration, remarking that this is what he s always most wanted \u2013 to feel part of a real family.[14]", "He and Jane decide to go out on a real date, but it is cut short by the revelation that Rafael did turn Michael in. Jane is furious \u2013 but so is Rafael. The two attempt couples counseling to find a way to be in the same room, for Mateo s sake, and Jane says to Rafael that he uses money to do what he wants. Rafael breaks and tells her he turned Michael in because Michael let Nadine go; Nadine who now works for the woman who killed his father. Rafael and Jane eventually make their peace with each other.", "Rafael and Jane work out their co-parenting disagreements in feelings hour", "After seeing Jane walk down the aisle and marry someone else, Rafael has the chance to feel closure on his romance with her and finally get to move on. Luisa, however, has gone missing after being kidnapped by Rose and is gone for two months, leaving Rafael worried about his sister. Once she returns, he is relieved but alert regarding Luisa s emotional condition. Having let go of the romance of his and Jane s relationship, Rafael takes some new stances in his role as Mateo s father, resulting is their co-parenting becoming more balanced. Rafael starts a whirlwind casual fling with Jane s newfound maternal cousin, Cat, and generally is doing alright.", "Rafael discovers the truth about his parents", "When Michael decodes Mutter s message in the bible, Rafael is led down the road to discover that his parents are not his real parents \u2013 and also that Emilio stole the family s valuable art collection from a convent in Italy. Wanting to make amends for the horrendous Solano errors, Rafael confides this in Michael and eventually decides to serve a prison sentence for hiding the art, to set a good example for Mateo, Ellie and Anna.", "Rafael the day he went to prison", "After serving time in prison, Rafael has a more zen outlook on life, specifically his work with the Marbella, which he has largely left to Petra. He and Jane have become incredibly close, Jane citing him as her best friend and both are working intensely on bettering Mateo s schooling, where he has trouble with outbursts. Rafael suggests that Mateo start karate to channel his energy, with positive results. When getting an aide for Mateo, who insists on getting to know Mateo without preconceptions, Jane and Rafael find answers to their worries about Mateo: their aide, Alex, assures them he has not been negatively affected by neither Michael s death nor Rafael s time away in jail. Alex tells Rafael that Rafael is Mateo s hero and Rafael is incredibly relieved and moved to tears, feeling he has realised his dream of being a good father to his children.", "Rafael and Mateo at Jane s press event", "Rafael is also dating Abbey, but when she expresses a desire to move in together, Rafael has doubts and eventually decides to end the relationship altogether. Abbey, however, is less than thrilled and resorts to get revenge on Petra, whom she overheard advice Rafael to not move in with her if he doesn t want to. Not long after their break-up, Rafael and Petra get closer and, though they are hesitant at the possible consequences, they sleep together. While Petra is still hurting over Chuck and wants him back, Rafael develops feelings for her. After debating whether to tell Petra, with Jane as well, he realises she knows and he asks her to get back together with him. She agrees to try again and leaves Chuck, but worries that Rafael still truly (and always) loves Jane and she ends their relationship. Rafael is hurt, but he and Jane share many moments, both with each other and Mateo, as Jane s feelings for Rafael have resurfaced. Although he doesn t know, Rafael doesn t seem to regard Jane only with the feelings of friendship, a possibility of more evident in his actions.", "Rafael meets Jane for the first time, after hours at the Golden Harbour Yacht Club. She makes him a grilled cheese sandwich, they talk for hours about life, hopes and dreams, and he kisses her.", "Rafael and Luisa sit through a dinner with their father, Emilio Solano, who proceeds to tell Rafael what a disappointment he is.[6] On this occasion Rafael also meets his future stepmother, Rose.", "Rafael meets Petra Andel at a board meeting called by his father, Emilio, to announce that Petra s fianc\u00e9, Lachlan Moore, will become CEO of the company. Rafael sets his sights on Petra as revenge.[15]", "Rafael and Petra marry.", "Petra and Rafael are pregnant and they are having a boy.[10] On a vacation together at the future property of The Marbella, Petra is trying to knit a hat for the baby which is dubbed the frisbee by Rafael as he deems it too large for a baby s head.[16] Rafael considers buying the property, which he thinks has potential.", "Petra later suffers a miscarriage.", "Rafael gets cancer and while in treatment, has a talk with his sister, Luisa, who encourages him to find a way he could change is life to feel better.[2] Rafael subsequently realises what his life really is and falls out of love with Petra.", "Rafael s mother abandoned the family the day after Rafael s 4th birthday in 1988[5]. Well, allegedly the family as she has recently been outed as the crime lord Mutter[17]. Rafael did not see her again until they met up for the first time since, in 2015[7]. Elena told Rafael that she took 10 million dollars from Emilio Solano in exchange for staying away from Rafael and Rafael refused to speak with her again. However, Petra recently convinced him to give it another chance, after which he was drugged and sedated by her. Michael and Rafael proceeded to work together to find out as much as possible about Mutter, which ended up finally having her arrested. She was murdered by Sin Rostro while in prison, leaving a clue to a bank account which led to the reveal that she adopted Rafael from Italy and was not his biological mother.[18]", "Emilio Solano", "Rafael s father was murdered by Sin Rostro and, though initially focusing on furthering his father s business legacy, Rafael came to terms with his true feelings about Emilio Solano: he was not a good father, and he never put family first \u2013 something Rafael himself cares most about. Rafael therefore decides to forego the Marquis Hotel Group and only keep The Marbella.", "While Emilio was alive, both in flashbacks and episodes, he is condescending and cold toward Rafael, treating him with little respect and refusing to see the potential and change in his son, who also suffered through cancer.", "Throughout their childhood with an emotionally unavailable father and absent mothers, it appears from the Pilot onwards that Rafael and Luisa have formed a very close-knit bond, in lieu of any other emotional connection in their life. Luisa supported Rafael through his illness and Rafael supported Luisa s career as a doctor when she was unable to practice otherwise, due to a history of alcoholism.", "Rafael is mainly focused on the hotel and proving himself in business in Season 1, whereas Luisa is emotionally adrift, seeking connection and stability in a very direct way. Rafael s priorities completely shift just before Mateo is born and he is now focused on being a good parent and may eventually focus more on family life. Luisa, however, is still searching for comfort and home, and so the two continue to be divided in their character, though united by shared experiences and blood.", "Main article: Jane and Rafael", "Jane and Rafael are the co-parents of Mateo Solano Villanueva. They started a whirlwind romance in Season 1, weathering very serious challenges \u2013 such as the re-introduction of Rafael s mother, Elena Di Nola, when Jane had the amnio to make certain that the baby was okay, Petra s constant scheming, Sin Rostro s crimes in The Marbella, Luisa s relationship with Sin Rostro and Rafael s father s death \u2013 with strength and character.", "When it got too overwhelming for Rafael to feel as alone and abandoned as he did, he broke up with Jane. In Season 2, Jane chose Michael over Rafael. Then chose Mateo over any romance, after an altercation between Michael and Rafael caused Mateo to be harmed. Jane and Rafael slowly reconnected after this and started anew \u2013 only to drift apart again on revelation of Rafael s lies and contribution to Michael s firing. Jane then found understanding for Rafael s actions, and together, through it all, they have managed to always put Mateo first. In 2020, three years after Michael s death, they ve been successfully co-parenting and are best friends. Recently, their romantic feelings for each other resurfaced and are currently dating.", "Main article: Petra and Rafael", "Rafael meets Petra Andel at a board meeting called by his father, Emilio, to announce that Petra s fianc\u00e9, Lachlan Moore, will become CEO of the company. Petra leaves Lachlan for Rafael and they marry. Petra is pregnant with a boy, but has a miscarriage. In 2014, Rafael divorces Petra after finding out she cheated on him with his college roommate, Roman Zazo. In 2015, Petra acquires and inseminates herself with a surprising other sample of Rafael s, in the hopes that there might be a chance for the two to reconcile. After Rafael makes it clear that they have no future, they slowly develop a friendship and succesfully co-parent. In 2020, Rafael finds himself having feelings for Petra. They get together, only to break up because Perta believes that Rafael still has feeling for Jane. Perta and Rafael are still good friends and successful co-parents to the twins.", "Rafael has been married once: to Petra, from 2010-2014[19].", "Rafael s mother left him the day after his 4th birthday[5].", "Rafael s favourite song is Living On A Prayer by Bon Jovi.", "Rafael tells Jane that he was lost back when he met her and up until he got diagnosed with cancer[3].", "Petra and Rafael were going to have a baby in 2011, but lost him due to a miscarriage. It was a boy.[11]", "Rafael has only been to church twice his whole life", "Rafael finds out that he s was not born in America, but in Italy", "Rafael finds out that Elena and Emilio are not his biological parents and is therefor not a Solano.", "Rafael Solano/Gallery", "\u2191 Chapter Fifty-Five", "\u2191 2.0 2.1 Pilot", "\u2191 3.0 3.1 Chapter Two", "\u2191 4.0 4.1 Chapter Four", "\u2191 5.0 5.1 5.2 Chapter Seven", "\u2191 6.0 6.1 Chapter Fourteen", "\u2191 7.0 7.1 Chapter Eighteen", "\u2191 Chapter Twenty-One", "\u2191 Chapter Twenty-Two", "\u2191 10.0 10.1 Chapter Twenty-Three", "\u2191 11.0 11.1 Chapter Twenty-Five", "\u2191 Chapter Twenty-Six", "\u2191 Chapter Twenty-Seven", "\u2191 Six months pass \u2013 Chapter Twenty-Eight", "\u2191 Chapter Three", "\u2191 Chapter Five", "\u2191 Chapter Thirty-One", "\u2191 Chapter Fifty-One", "\u2191 Chapter Sixteen", "Retrieved from https://janethevirgin.fandom.com/wiki/Rafael_Solano?oldid=24992", "2 Petra", "3 Michael Cordero" ] }, { "url": "https://nameberry.com/babyname/Rafael", "title": "Rafael Name Meaning Popularity and Similar Names", "content": [ "Gender: Male Meaning of Rafael: God has healed Origin of Rafael: Spanish variation of Raphael Rafael s Popularity in 2017: #282", "Share Rafael on Facebook Share on Facebook", "Share Rafael on Twitter Share on Twitter", "Share Rafael on Google Plus Share on Google+", "Favorite the name Rafael", "Dislike the name Rafael", "Follow Follow Rafael", "We re excited that you have an opinion about the name Rafael. To rate names on Nameberry, please register for an account or log in to an existing account.", "Would you like to follow Rafael?", "You will receive an email (no more than once per day) summarizing any new mentions of Rafael on Nameberry. Would you like to follow Rafael?", "The name Rafael is a boy s name of Spanish origin meaning God has healed . Rafael is ranked #282 on our popularity charts and is often added to lists like Spanish Baby Names and discussed in our forums with posts like Names on NB that make you go WOW! .", "Rafael is perhaps the ultimate sexy Latino name, not a bad gift to give your son. The Raphael spelling is the original Hebrew version.", "Find other names based on Rafael using our baby name generator.", "Lists containing Rafael:", "Famous People Named Rafael", "Rafael Nadal (Parera), Spanish tennis player", "Rafael Vicente Correa (Delgado), President of Ecuador", "Rafael Le\u00f3nidas Trujillo (Molina), Dominican dictator", "Rafael Edward Ted Cruz, U.S. Senator from Texas", "Rafael Yglesias, American novelist and screenwriter", "Rafael Garcia, American soccer player", "Rafael Ben\u00edtez (Maudes), Spanish footballer and manager", "(Jos\u00e9) Rafael Amaya (N\u00fa\u00f1ez), Mexican actor, singer and model", "Rafael Palmeiro (Corrales), Cuban-American baseball player", "Rafael M\u00e1rquez (\u00c1lvarez), Mexican footballer", "Rafael Halperin, Israeli businessman, rabbi and pro wrestler", "Rafael Rafinha Alc\u00e1ntara do Nascimento, Brazilian footballer", "Rafael Lange Severino aka Cellbit, Brazilian YouTuber", "Rafael van der Vaart, Dutch footballer", "Rafael Rafa Guevara (b. 2003), son of Allegra Huston; grandson of director John Huston", "Rafael Llamas (b. 2005), son of actors Jos\u00e9 \u00c1ngel Llamas and Mara Croatto", "Rafael Schofield (b. 2006), son of actress Sally Rogers and Jonathan Schofield", "Rafael Ritchie (b. 2011), son of director Guy Ritchie", "Rafael Fern\u00e1ndez de C\u00f3rdova y de Potesta (b. 2013), great-grandson of Franz, Duke of Hohenburg and Princess Elisabeth of Luxembourg", "Rafael Thomas (b. 2015), son of actor Alec Baldwin and Hilaria Thomas Baldwin", "Rafael Nadal (Parera), Spanish tennis player Rafael Vicente Correa (Delgado), President of Ecuador Rafael Le\u00f3nidas Trujillo (Molina), Dominican dictator Rafael Edward Ted Cruz, U.S. Senator from Texas Rafael Yglesias, American novelist and screenwriter Rafael Garcia, American soccer player Rafael Ben\u00edtez (Maudes), Spanish footballer and manager (Jos\u00e9) Rafael Amaya (N\u00fa\u00f1ez), Mexican actor, singer and model Rafael Palmeiro (Corrales), Cuban-American baseball player Rafael M\u00e1rquez (\u00c1lvarez), Mexican footballer Rafael Halperin, Israeli businessman, rabbi and pro wrestler Rafael Rafinha Alc\u00e1ntara do Nascimento, Brazilian footballer Rafael Lange Severino aka Cellbit, Brazilian YouTuber Rafael van der Vaart, Dutch footballer Rafael Rafa Guevara (b. 2003), son of Allegra Huston; grandson of director John Huston Rafael Llamas (b. 2005), son of actors Jos\u00e9 \u00c1ngel Llamas and Mara Croatto Rafael Schofield (b. 2006), son of actress Sally Rogers and Jonathan Schofield Rafael Ritchie (b. 2011), son of director Guy Ritchie Rafael Fern\u00e1ndez de C\u00f3rdova y de Potesta (b. 2013), great-grandson of Franz, Duke of Hohenburg and Princess Elisabeth of Luxembourg Rafael Thomas (b. 2015), son of actor Alec Baldwin and Hilaria Thomas Baldwin", "Pop Culture References for the name Rafael", "Rafael Santo, character on TV s American Gothic", "Rafael Solano, character on TV s Jane the Virgin", "Rafael Diaz, character in Star vs. the Forces of Evil", "Rafael Barba, ADA on Law and Oder: SVU", "San Rafael, California, USA (pron. ruh-FELL )", "Also the German and Scandinavian form of Raphael", "Rafael Santo, character on TV s American Gothic Rafael Solano, character on TV s Jane the Virgin Rafael Diaz, character in Star vs. the Forces of Evil Rafael Barba, ADA on Law and Oder: SVU San Rafael, California, USA (pron. ruh-FELL ) Also the German and Scandinavian form of Raphael", "Nicknames & Variations for Rafael", "Rafe\u00e9, Fallo, Falo, Felio, Rafaelle, Rafaello, Rafaelo, Rafal, Rafe, Rafeal, Rafe\u00e9, Rafel, Rafello, Rafer, Raffael, Raffaelo, Raffeal, Raffel, Raffiel, Rafi, Rafiel, Rafo, Raphael, Raphel", "Rafael s International Variations", "Raffaele, Raffaele (Italian)", "Rafael in Blog Posts", "Name Shame and other Baby Name News of the Week", "The New Boys Names 3: Ethnic Choices", "Rafael in the Forums", "Create A School (12th)", "sofiaishere Says:", "It grinds my gears when I hear Rafael and Raphael pronounced raffy-ul like people have been conditioned to pronounce Michael, instead of Raf a EL. Don t butcher this gorgeous name!", "Bella Mia Says:", "If anyone watches/watched Jane the Virgin, this is one of the main character s name... :D", "It s an ancient, sophisticated name with roots around the world. It deserves a better nameberry description.", "berry_chick Says:", "I have a Filipino friend named Rafael...it s used in a lot of areas I guess?", "ashbee Says:", "My grandfather Rafael was a Cuban Jew originally from Poland. It served him well in both places. :)", "mother_dragons Says:", "It s the Spanish version too. Many of my relatives were called Rafael. I can t say anything about other languages, but I can confirm it s the Spanish version", "rlevy Says:", "Ummm...I think the name info for Rafael needs another look. Rafael is actually closer to the original Hebrew version, Refeal. Rafael is a very popular name in Israel and amongst Jewish populations outside of Israel. It s a modern, strong and vibrant name...and I love it. The description doesn t give it justice. Take another stab, Nameberry writers.", "tfzolghadr Says:", "Love this name.", "Kisa Says:", "My boyfriend s name is Rafael, he s in his mid-twenties and is the reserved, smart type. So that is the image I get with this name." ] }, { "url": "https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten/rafael-caro-quintero", "title": "RAFAEL CARO QUINTERO FBI", "content": [ "RAFAEL CARO-QUINTERO", "Violent Crimes in Aid of Racketeering; Conspiracy to Commit Violent Crimes in Aid of Racketeering; Conspiracy to Kidnap a Federal Agent; Kidnapping of a Federal Agent; Felony Murder of a Federal Agent; Aiding and Abetting; Accessory After the Fact", "Photograph taken in 2016", "Wanted by the FBI: Rafael Caro-Quintero Added to Ten Most Wanted Fugitives List", "Rafael Caro-Quintero, a Mexican cartel leader wanted for his role in the murder of a DEA special agent in 1985, has been named to the FBI\u2019s Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list. A reward of up to $20 million is available for information leading to his arrest and/or conviction.", "FBI, This Week: Rafael Caro-Quintero Added to Ten Most Wanted Fugitives List", "Se Busca Por el FBI: Rafael Caro Quintero ha Sido Agregado a la Lista de los Diez Pr\u00f3fugos m\u00e1s Buscados", "Buscado por el papel que desempe\u00f1\u00f3 en el asesinato de un agente especial de la DEA, un l\u00edder de un cartel mexicano ha sido agregado a la lista de los diez pr\u00f3fugos m\u00e1s buscados del FBI.", "Featured News Item:", "New Top Ten Fugitive", "Rafael Caro-Quintero, considered a godfather of Mexican drug trafficking and wanted for the 1985 murder of a U.S. federal agent, has been named to the FBI\u2019s Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list.", "Fugitive Wanted for the Kidnapping and Murder of a Federal Agent is Added to the FBI\u2019s Ten Most Wanted Fugitives List", "Rafa", "Date(s) of Birth Used October 24, 1952, October 3, 1952, November 24, 1952, October 24, 1955, November 24, 1955, March 9, 1963", "Place of Birth Badiraguato, Sinaloa, Mexico", "Hair Gray (formerly black)", "Race White (Hispanic)", "The United States Department of State\u2019s Narcotics Rewards Program is offering a reward of up to $20 million for information leading to the arrest and/or conviction of Rafael Caro-Quintero.", "Caro-Quintero is a member of the Sinaloa Cartel and is known to frequent the area of Badiraguato, Sinaloa, Mexico. Caro-Quintero also has previous ties to Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, and Costa Rica.", "Rafael Caro-Quintero is wanted for his alleged involvement in the kidnapping and murder of a Drug Enforcement Administration Special Agent in 1985, in Mexico. Additionally, Caro-Quintero allegedly holds an active key leadership position directing the activities of the Sinaloa Cartel and the Caro-Quintero Drug Trafficking Organization within the region of Badiraguato, Sinaloa, Mexico.", "SHOULD BE CONSIDERED ARMED AND EXTREMELY DANGEROUS", "If you have any information concerning this person, please call 1-800-CALL-FBI or contact your nearest American Embassy or Consulate." ] }, { "url": "https://rafaelsrestaurant.com/", "title": "Rafael s Restaurant Westminster Maryland", "content": [ "Rafael s Restaurant", "Rafael\u2019s Restaurant \u2022 32 West Main Street, Westminster Maryland \u2022 Phone: 410-840-1919", "Gift Certificates Available \u00bb", "Welcome to Rafael\u2019s Restaurant in Historic downtown Westminster, Maryland \u2013 a unique casual dining experience in a charming romantic atmosphere. Rafael\u2019s great menu is available for lunch and dinner 7 days a week. The full menu is available for dining in, carry out or enjoying on the large deck in the back of the restaurant. Onsite catering, offsite catering and corporate catering are all available \u2013 CLICK HERE for more information.", "Lunch & Dinner Hours:", "Monday -Thursday: 11am - 9:30pm - Friday: 11am-10:30pm", "Saturday: Noon - 10:30pm - Sunday:Noon - 9:00pm", "Saturday & Sunday - 8am - Noon", "No Reservations are accepted for", "Breakfast & seating on the Deck", "CLICK HERE for current Westminster MD Events", "Lunch delivery is now available in the local Westminster area", "between the hours of 11:30am - 3:00pm.", "Make sure to print a copy of our menu for your office and", "let us bring your lunch to you.", "Lunch Delivery Available 11:30am - 3:00pm" ] } ] }, "timestamp": null }, { "action": "Wizard => Apprentice", "text": "do you know about raphael", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Raphael-Italian-painter-and-architect", "title": "Raphael Biography Artworks Paintings Accomplishments", "content": [ "Italian painter and architect", "Alternative Titles: Raffaello Santi, Raffaello Sanzio, Raphael Sanzio", "Raphael, Italian in full Raffaello Sanzio or Raffaello Santi, (born April 6, 1483, Urbino, Duchy of Urbino [Italy]\u2014died April 6, 1520, Rome, Papal States [Italy]), master painter and architect of the Italian High Renaissance. Raphael is best known for his Madonnas and for his large figure compositions in the Vatican. His work is admired for its clarity of form and ease of composition and for its visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur.", "Early years at Urbino", "Raphael was the son of Giovanni Santi and Magia di Battista Ciarla; his mother died in 1491. His father was, according to the 16th-century artist and biographer Giorgio Vasari, a painter \u201cof no great merit.\u201d He was, however, a man of culture who was in constant contact with the advanced artistic ideas current at the court of Urbino. He gave his son his first instruction in painting, and, before his death in 1494, when Raphael was 11, he had introduced the boy to humanistic philosophy at the court.", "Urbino had become a centre of culture during the rule of Duke Federico da Montefeltro, who encouraged the arts and attracted the visits of men of outstanding talent, including Donato Bramante, Piero della Francesca, and Leon Battista Alberti, to his court. Although Raphael would be influenced by major artists in Florence and Rome, Urbino constituted the basis for all his subsequent learning. Furthermore, the cultural vitality of the city probably stimulated the exceptional precociousness of the young artist, who, even at the beginning of the 16th century, when he was scarcely 17 years old, already displayed an extraordinary talent.", "Apprenticeship at Perugia", "The date of Raphael\u2019s arrival in Perugia is not known, but several scholars place it in 1495. The first record of Raphael\u2019s activity as a painter is found there in a document of December 10, 1500, declaring that the young painter, by then called a \u201cmaster,\u201d was commissioned to help paint an altarpiece to be completed by September 13, 1502. It is clear from this that Raphael had already given proof of his mastery, so much so that between 1501 and 1503 he received a rather important commission\u2014to paint the Coronation of the Virgin for the Oddi Chapel in the church of San Francesco, Perugia (and now in the Vatican). The great Umbrian master Pietro Perugino was executing the frescoes in the Collegio del Cambio at Perugia between 1498 and 1500, enabling Raphael, as a member of his workshop, to acquire extensive professional knowledge.", "Resurrection of Christ, oil on wood panel by Raphael, 1499\u20131502; in the Museu de Arte de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. 52 \u00d7 44 cm. \u00a9 SuperStock", "In addition to this practical instruction, Perugino\u2019s calmly exquisite style also influenced Raphael. The Giving of the Keys to St. Peter, painted in 1481\u201382 by Perugino for the Sistine Chapel of the Vatican palace, inspired Raphael\u2019s first major work, The Marriage of the Virgin (1504). Perugino\u2019s influence is seen in the emphasis on perspectives, in the graded relationships between the figures and the architecture, and in the lyrical sweetness of the figures. Nevertheless, even in this early painting, it is clear that Raphael\u2019s sensibility was different from his teacher\u2019s. The disposition of the figures is less rigidly related to the architecture, and the disposition of each figure in relation to the others is more informal and animated. The sweetness of the figures and the gentle relation between them surpasses anything in Perugino\u2019s work.", "Three small paintings done by Raphael shortly after The Marriage of the Virgin\u2014Vision of a Knight, Three Graces, and St. Michael\u2014are masterful examples of narrative painting, showing, as well as youthful freshness, a maturing ability to control the elements of his own style. Although he had learned much from Perugino, Raphael by late 1504 needed other models to work from; it is clear that his desire for knowledge was driving him to look beyond Perugia.", "Saint Michael Overwhelming the Demon (also known as The Small Saint Michael), oil on wood by Raphael, c. 1505; in the Louvre Museum, Paris. 30 \u00d7 26 cm. \u00a9 Photos.com/Jupiterimages", "Move to Florence", "Vasari vaguely recounts that Raphael followed the Perugian painter Bernardino Pinturicchio to Siena and then went on to Florence, drawn there by accounts of the work that Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo were undertaking in that city. By the autumn of 1504 Raphael had certainly arrived in Florence. It is not known if this was his first visit to Florence, but, as his works attest, it was about 1504 that he first came into substantial contact with this artistic civilization, which reinforced all the ideas he had already acquired and also opened to him new and broader horizons. Vasari records that he studied not only the works of Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Fra Bartolommeo, who were the masters of the High Renaissance, but also \u201cthe old things of Masaccio,\u201d a pioneer of the naturalism that marked the departure of the early Renaissance from the Gothic.", "Still, his principal teachers in Florence were Leonardo and Michelangelo. Many of the works that Raphael executed in the years between 1505 and 1507, most notably a great series of Madonnas including The Madonna of the Goldfinch (c. 1505), the Madonna del Prato (c. 1505), the Esterh\u00e1zy Madonna (c. 1505\u201307), and La Belle Jardini\u00e8re (c. 1507), are marked by the influence of Leonardo, who since 1480 had been making great innovations in painting. Raphael was particularly influenced by Leonardo\u2019s Madonna and Child with St. Anne pictures, which are marked by an intimacy and simplicity of setting uncommon in 15th-century art. Raphael learned the Florentine method of building up his composition in depth with pyramidal figure masses; the figures are grouped as a single unit, but each retains its own individuality and shape. A new unity of composition and suppression of inessentials distinguishes the works he painted in Florence. Raphael also owed much to Leonardo\u2019s lighting techniques; he made moderate use of Leonardo\u2019s chiaroscuro (i.e., strong contrast between light and dark), and he was especially influenced by his sfumato (i.e., use of extremely fine, soft shading instead of line to delineate forms and features). Raphael went beyond Leonardo, however, in creating new figure types whose round, gentle faces reveal uncomplicated and typically human sentiments but raised to a sublime perfection and serenity.", "Madonna del Prato, oil on wood panel by Raphael, 1505; in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna. 1.1 m \u00d7 87 cm. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna", "\u201cMadonna and Child,\u201d black chalk and pen sketch by Raphael; in the Albertina, Vienna Courtesy of the Albertina, Vienna", "In 1507 Raphael was commissioned to paint the Deposition of Christ. In this work it is obvious that Raphael set himself deliberately to learn from Michelangelo the expressive possibilities of human anatomy. But Raphael differed from Leonardo and Michelangelo, who were both painters of dark intensity and excitement, in that he wished to develop a calmer and more-extroverted style that would serve as a popular, universally accessible form of visual communication.", "Last years in Rome", "Raphael was called to Rome toward the end of 1508 by Pope Julius II at the suggestion of the architect Donato Bramante. At this time Raphael was little known in Rome, but the young man soon made a deep impression on the volatile Julius and the papal court, and his authority as a master grew day by day. Raphael was endowed with a handsome appearance and great personal charm in addition to his prodigious artistic talents, and he eventually became so popular that he was called \u201cthe prince of painters.\u201d", "Raphael spent the last 12 years of his short life in Rome. They were years of feverish activity and successive masterpieces. His first task in the city was to paint a cycle of frescoes in a suite of medium-sized rooms in the Vatican papal apartments in which Julius himself lived and worked; these rooms are known simply as the Stanze. The Stanza della Segnatura (1508\u201311) and Stanza d\u2019Eliodoro (1512\u201314) were decorated practically entirely by Raphael himself; the frescoes in the Stanza dell\u2019Incendio (1514\u201317), though designed by Raphael, were largely executed by his numerous assistants and pupils.", "The decoration of the Stanza della Segnatura was perhaps Raphael\u2019s greatest work. Julius II was a highly cultured man who surrounded himself with the most illustrious personalities of the Renaissance. He entrusted Bramante with the construction of a new basilica of St. Peter to replace the original 4th-century church; he called upon Michelangelo to execute his tomb and compelled him against his will to decorate the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel; and, sensing the genius of Raphael, he committed into his hands the interpretation of the philosophical scheme of the frescoes in the Stanza della Segnatura. This theme was the historical justification of the power of the Roman Catholic Church through Neoplatonic philosophy.", "The four main walls in the Stanza della Segnatura are occupied by the frescoes Disputa and the School of Athens on the larger walls and the Parnassus and Cardinal Virtues on the smaller walls. The two most important of these frescoes are the Disputa and the School of Athens. The Disputa, showing a celestial vision of God and his prophets and apostles above a gathering of representatives, past and present, of the Roman Catholic Church, equates through its iconography the triumph of the church and the triumph of truth. The School of Athens is a complex allegory of secular knowledge, or philosophy, showing Plato and Aristotle surrounded by philosophers, past and present, in a splendid architectural setting; it illustrates the historical continuity of Platonic thought. The School of Athens is perhaps the most famous of all Raphael\u2019s frescoes, and one of the culminating artworks of the High Renaissance. Here Raphael fills an ordered and stable space with figures in a rich variety of poses and gestures, which he controls in order to make one group of figures lead to the next in an interweaving and interlocking pattern, bringing the eye to the central figures of Plato and Aristotle at the converging point of the perspectival space. The space in which the philosophers congregate is defined by the pilasters and barrel vaults of a great basilica that is based on Bramante\u2019s design for the new St. Peter\u2019s in Rome. The general effect of the fresco is one of majestic calm, clarity, and equilibrium.", "Raphael: School of AthensDetail from School of Athens, fresco by Raphael, 1508\u201311; in the Stanza della Segnatura in the Vatican. Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York", "About the same time, probably in 1511, Raphael painted a more secular subject, the Triumph of Galatea, in the Villa Farnesina in Rome; this work was perhaps the High Renaissance\u2019s most successful evocation of the living spirit of Classical antiquity. Meanwhile, Raphael\u2019s decoration of the papal apartments continued after the death of Julius in 1513 and into the succeeding pontificate of Leo X until 1517. In contrast to the generalized allegories in the Stanza della Segnatura, the decorations in the second room, the Stanza d\u2019Eliodoro, portray specific miraculous events in the history of the Christian church. The four principal subjects are The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple, The Mass at Bolsena, The Liberation of St. Peter, and Leo I Halting Attila. These frescoes are deeper and richer in colour than are those in the earlier room, and they display a new boldness on Raphael\u2019s part in both their dramatic subjects and their unusual effects of light. The Liberation of St. Peter, for example, is a night scene and contains three separate lighting effects\u2014moonlight, the torch carried by a soldier, and the supernatural light emanating from an angel. Raphael delegated his assistants to decorate the third room, the Stanze dell\u2019Incendio, with the exception of one fresco, the Fire in the Borgo, in which his pursuit of more dramatic pictorial incidents and his continuing study of the male nude are plainly apparent.", "The Madonnas that Raphael painted in Rome show him turning away from the serenity and gentleness of his earlier works in order to emphasize qualities of energetic movement and grandeur. His Alba Madonna (1508) epitomizes the serene sweetness of the Florentine Madonnas but shows a new maturity of emotional expression and supreme technical sophistication in the poses of the figures. It was followed by the Madonna di Foligno (1510) and the Sistine Madonna (1513), which show both the richness of colour and the new boldness in compositional invention typical of Raphael\u2019s Roman period. Some of his other late Madonnas, such as the Madonna of Francis I, are remarkable for their polished elegance.", "Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione, oil on canvas by Raphael, 1516; in the Louvre, Paris. 82 \u00d7 66 cm. Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York", "Portrait of Dona Isabel de Requesens, Vice-Reine of Naples, formerly Portrait of Jeanne d Aragon Raffaello, oil on canvas (18th century) transferred from oil on wood by Raphael and Giulio Romano, 1518; in the Louvre Museum, Paris. 1.20 x 0.95 m. \u00a9 Photos.com/Jupiterimages", "Besides his other accomplishments, Raphael became the most important portraitist in Rome during the first two decades of the 16th century. He introduced new types of presentation and new psychological situations for his sitters, as seen in the portrait of Leo X with Two Cardinals (1517\u201319). Raphael\u2019s finest work in the genre is perhaps the Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione (1516), a brilliant and arresting character study.", "Leo X commissioned Raphael to design 10 large tapestries to hang on the walls of the Sistine Chapel. Seven of the 10 cartoons (full-size preparatory drawings) were completed by 1516, and the tapestries woven after them were hung in place in the chapel by 1519. Those cartoons represent Christ\u2019s Charge to Peter, The Miraculous Draught of Fishes, The Death of Ananias, The Healing of the Lame Man, The Blinding of Elymas, The Sacrifice at Lystra, and St. Paul Preaching at Athens. In these pictures Raphael created prototypes that would influence the European tradition of narrative history painting for centuries to come. The cartoons display Raphael\u2019s keen sense of drama, his use of gestures and facial expressions to portray emotion, and his incorporation of credible physical settings from both the natural world and that of ancient Roman architecture.", "While he was at work in the Stanza della Segnatura, Raphael also did his first architectural work, designing the church of Sant\u2019Eligio degli Orefici. In 1513 the banker Agostino Chigi, whose Villa Farnesina Raphael had already decorated, commissioned him to design and decorate his funerary chapel in the church of Santa Maria del Popolo. In 1514 Leo X chose him to work on the basilica of St. Peter\u2019s alongside Bramante; when Bramante died later that year, Raphael assumed the direction of the work, transforming the plans of the church from a Greek, or radial, to a Latin, or longitudinal, design.", "Raphael was also a keen student of archaeology and of ancient Greco-Roman sculpture, echoes of which are apparent in his paintings of the human figure during the Roman period. In 1515 Leo X put him in charge of the supervision of the preservation of marbles bearing valuable Latin inscriptions; two years later he was appointed commissioner of antiquities for the city, and he drew up an archaeological map of Rome. Raphael had by this time been put in charge of virtually all of the papacy\u2019s various artistic projects in Rome, involving architecture, paintings and decoration, and the preservation of antiquities.", "Raphael\u2019s last masterpiece is the Transfiguration (commissioned by Giulio Cardinal de\u2019 Medici in 1517), an enormous altarpiece that was unfinished at his death and completed by his assistant Giulio Romano. The Transfiguration is a complex work that combines extreme formal polish and elegance of execution with an atmosphere of tension and violence communicated by the agitated gestures of closely crowded groups of figures. It shows a new sensibility that is like the prevision of a new world, turbulent and dynamic; in its feeling and composition it inaugurated the Mannerist movement and tends toward an expression that may even be called Baroque.", "Raphael died on his 37th birthday. His funeral mass was celebrated at the Vatican, his Transfiguration was placed at the head of the bier, and his body was buried in the Pantheon in Rome.", "Western architecture: High Renaissance in Italy (1495\u20131520)", "As completed by Raphael, there are two superimposed arcades with Tuscan and Ionic orders and a colonnade with Composite columns.\u2026", "Rome: The Esquiline", "\u2026years later, when the painter Raphael and his friends were let down on ropes to look, the style they imitated in decorating the Vatican loggias was called grottesche (see also grotesque).\u2026", "Raphael and Michelangelo were also outstanding draftsmen. Each of them used drawing in order to allow his thoughts about individual works to mature; each had a highly personal drawing style, the one with a soft and rounded stroke, the other with a sculptor\u2019s intermittent and\u2026", "tapestry: 16th century", "\u2026between 1514 and 1516 by Raphael (1483\u20131520). Little or no concession had been made to the tapestry medium for which the cartoons were intended, but the tapestries were a great success, and numerous copies of them were subsequently made.\u2026", "Renaissance art, painting, sculpture, architecture, music, and literature produced during the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries in Europe under the combined influences of an increased awareness of nature, a revival of classical learning, and a more individualistic view of man. Scholars no longer believe that the Renaissance marked an abrupt\u2026", "More About Raphael", "association with Sebastiano del Piombo", "In Sebastiano del Piombo", "Farnesina villa", "grottesche style", "In Rome: The Esquiline", "Palazzo Caprini residence", "In Donato Bramante: Roman period", "tapestry development", "In tapestry: 16th century", "Urbino majolica", "In Urbino majolica", "In Mannerism", "In mural: The High Renaissance", "In Western architecture: High Renaissance in Italy (1495\u20131520)", "The Catholic Encyclopedia - Biography of Raphael", "Web Gallery of Art - Biography of Raffaello Sanzio", "Raphael - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)", "Urbino, Italy", "\u201cSchool of Athens\u201d", "\u201cThe Liberation of St. Peter\u201d", "\u201cDisputa\u201d", "Stanza d\u2019Elidoro", "\u201cTransfiguration\u201d", "\u201cThe Marriage of the Virgin\u201d" ] }, { "url": "https://janethevirgin.fandom.com/wiki/Rafael_Solano", "title": "Rafael Solano Jane the Virgin Wiki Fandom", "content": [ "Alba Villanueva", "Rafael Solano", "Rogelio De La Vega", "Characters, Main Characters, The Marbella,", "Villanuevas", "Who is Rafael Solano?", "You are where you are, right?", "\u2014 Rafael reassuring Jane[1]", "mi hijo \u2019\u2019my son\u2019\u2019 (by Alba)", "Zen Rafael", "Douche Rafael (as a joke)", "Bartender at The Marbella", "2010\u2014May 2020", "Co-owner of The Marbella", "Prisoner (9 months)", "(graduated)", "(girlfriend/baby-momma)", "Katherine Cortes", "(fling)", "(ex-wife/baby-momma)", "(ex-girlfriend)", "Catalina Mora", "(son)", "(daughters)", "Unborn boy \u2020", "(adoptive sister)", "Elena Di Nola \u2020", "Emilio Solano \u2020", "Derek Ruvelle \u2020", "(adoptive maternal half-brother)", "(adoptive step-sister; former stepmother)", "Elias Janssen (young Rafael)", "1 of 18 Season 5", "22 of 22 Season 1", "Rafael Solano is a main character on CW dramedy Jane the Virgin. He is portrayed by Justin Baldoni.", "Rafael was born in Italy and adopted by Elena and Emilio Solano, a cold, critical and distant man. They brought him to America and raised him as their own until Elena left when Rafael was just 4 years old, to be raised by Emilio along with his sister, Luisa.", "Rafael is attempting to find his place in the world and, as he has recently come to understand better that he is longing for the security of a true family. A step on the way has been discovering that Elena and Emilio are not his biological parents \u2013 he was born in Italy. His journey now will be one of finding out who he is and what he wants, once he knows.", "After talking with his sister, Luisa, to work up the nerve, Rafael is finally ready to accept that he has wanted to end his marriage to Petra for a year. When Petra, unbeknownst to Rafael, uses his last chance of having a baby he is understandably upset but also confused about the big life choice he had just made to divorce, and what his future will now hold when there is a child involved.[2]", "For this reason, Rafael decides to give his marriage another chance[3], but immediately ends it after discovering that Petra cheated on him with his college roommate, Zaz.[4] He is surprised to find himself drawn to Jane Villanueva, after initially stating he thought of her more as a sister[4] and his feelings build to a point where he wants to have a relationship with Jane[5] \u2013 and very quickly also a serious future together.[6]", "All the while Rafael works through the obstacles in his father s perception of Rafael s potential and gains more and more responsibility with The Marbella. The confluence of his father s murder, his mother s reappearance and Jane rejecting his impromptu proposal, overwhelm Rafael. He is lost, does not know what to focus on or how to move forward and decides to break up with Jane, whom he feels he can t give everything to[7].", "After focusing on one thing \u2013 the future of The Marbella and Emilio Solano s legacy \u2013 Rafael finds some clarity[8] and lays to rest the notion that Emilio was anything other than the distant, cold father that he was. Rafael decides to forego his father s business empire, save for The Marbella, and focus on what he wants \u2013 at this point, it is winning Jane back.[9]", "After the birth of Mateo, Rafael panics at learning of Mateo s abduction by Sin Rostro and does everything he can to get him back, including working with Michael Cordero.[10] After Sin Rostro arranges a trade for Mateo with Michael, Rafael tells Michael he wants him to be Mateo s godfather \u2013 a decision which is later fraught by Rafael and Michael s ongoing competition for Jane s affections. Rafael returns to focusing on his newborn son and winning Jane s heart, while unbeknownst to him, his ex-wife Petra is complicating matters by self-impregnating with Rafael s sample. [11]", "Suddenly having to deal with caring for the now mother-to-be of his unborn child, changes the dynamic between him and Jane, putting Petra in-between them and further complicating a possible reunion of Jane and Rafael.[12] When Rafael learns that Jane not only has chosen Michael but also declares that she has fallen out of love with Rafael, he is both heartbroken and worried for Mateo s safety given Michael s profession and Michael s previous conduct as a detective. The tension and Michael s fear of losing Jane leads to Michael having an aggressive reaction toward Rafael \u2013 which has Jane rejecting Michael in spite of her feelings for him.[13]", "Jane attempts to mend fences with Rafael, who is hurt by her behavior and blinders when it comes to Michael, but he resorts to focusing on successful co-parenting of Mateo and this is their first step toward reconciliation. When Rafael starts dating Jill from Mateo s mommy group, he is surprised at Jane s jealousy, but she maintains that it s fine for her. Rafael, however, eventually realizes that he can t continue seeing Jill when Jane is the one in his heart. He also attends his first Villanueva thanksgiving celebration, remarking that this is what he s always most wanted \u2013 to feel part of a real family.[14]", "He and Jane decide to go out on a real date, but it is cut short by the revelation that Rafael did turn Michael in. Jane is furious \u2013 but so is Rafael. The two attempt couples counseling to find a way to be in the same room, for Mateo s sake, and Jane says to Rafael that he uses money to do what he wants. Rafael breaks and tells her he turned Michael in because Michael let Nadine go; Nadine who now works for the woman who killed his father. Rafael and Jane eventually make their peace with each other.", "Rafael and Jane work out their co-parenting disagreements in feelings hour", "After seeing Jane walk down the aisle and marry someone else, Rafael has the chance to feel closure on his romance with her and finally get to move on. Luisa, however, has gone missing after being kidnapped by Rose and is gone for two months, leaving Rafael worried about his sister. Once she returns, he is relieved but alert regarding Luisa s emotional condition. Having let go of the romance of his and Jane s relationship, Rafael takes some new stances in his role as Mateo s father, resulting is their co-parenting becoming more balanced. Rafael starts a whirlwind casual fling with Jane s newfound maternal cousin, Cat, and generally is doing alright.", "Rafael discovers the truth about his parents", "When Michael decodes Mutter s message in the bible, Rafael is led down the road to discover that his parents are not his real parents \u2013 and also that Emilio stole the family s valuable art collection from a convent in Italy. Wanting to make amends for the horrendous Solano errors, Rafael confides this in Michael and eventually decides to serve a prison sentence for hiding the art, to set a good example for Mateo, Ellie and Anna.", "Rafael the day he went to prison", "After serving time in prison, Rafael has a more zen outlook on life, specifically his work with the Marbella, which he has largely left to Petra. He and Jane have become incredibly close, Jane citing him as her best friend and both are working intensely on bettering Mateo s schooling, where he has trouble with outbursts. Rafael suggests that Mateo start karate to channel his energy, with positive results. When getting an aide for Mateo, who insists on getting to know Mateo without preconceptions, Jane and Rafael find answers to their worries about Mateo: their aide, Alex, assures them he has not been negatively affected by neither Michael s death nor Rafael s time away in jail. Alex tells Rafael that Rafael is Mateo s hero and Rafael is incredibly relieved and moved to tears, feeling he has realised his dream of being a good father to his children.", "Rafael and Mateo at Jane s press event", "Rafael is also dating Abbey, but when she expresses a desire to move in together, Rafael has doubts and eventually decides to end the relationship altogether. Abbey, however, is less than thrilled and resorts to get revenge on Petra, whom she overheard advice Rafael to not move in with her if he doesn t want to. Not long after their break-up, Rafael and Petra get closer and, though they are hesitant at the possible consequences, they sleep together. While Petra is still hurting over Chuck and wants him back, Rafael develops feelings for her. After debating whether to tell Petra, with Jane as well, he realises she knows and he asks her to get back together with him. She agrees to try again and leaves Chuck, but worries that Rafael still truly (and always) loves Jane and she ends their relationship. Rafael is hurt, but he and Jane share many moments, both with each other and Mateo, as Jane s feelings for Rafael have resurfaced. Although he doesn t know, Rafael doesn t seem to regard Jane only with the feelings of friendship, a possibility of more evident in his actions.", "Rafael meets Jane for the first time, after hours at the Golden Harbour Yacht Club. She makes him a grilled cheese sandwich, they talk for hours about life, hopes and dreams, and he kisses her.", "Rafael and Luisa sit through a dinner with their father, Emilio Solano, who proceeds to tell Rafael what a disappointment he is.[6] On this occasion Rafael also meets his future stepmother, Rose.", "Rafael meets Petra Andel at a board meeting called by his father, Emilio, to announce that Petra s fianc\u00e9, Lachlan Moore, will become CEO of the company. Rafael sets his sights on Petra as revenge.[15]", "Rafael and Petra marry.", "Petra and Rafael are pregnant and they are having a boy.[10] On a vacation together at the future property of The Marbella, Petra is trying to knit a hat for the baby which is dubbed the frisbee by Rafael as he deems it too large for a baby s head.[16] Rafael considers buying the property, which he thinks has potential.", "Petra later suffers a miscarriage.", "Rafael gets cancer and while in treatment, has a talk with his sister, Luisa, who encourages him to find a way he could change is life to feel better.[2] Rafael subsequently realises what his life really is and falls out of love with Petra.", "Rafael s mother abandoned the family the day after Rafael s 4th birthday in 1988[5]. Well, allegedly the family as she has recently been outed as the crime lord Mutter[17]. Rafael did not see her again until they met up for the first time since, in 2015[7]. Elena told Rafael that she took 10 million dollars from Emilio Solano in exchange for staying away from Rafael and Rafael refused to speak with her again. However, Petra recently convinced him to give it another chance, after which he was drugged and sedated by her. Michael and Rafael proceeded to work together to find out as much as possible about Mutter, which ended up finally having her arrested. She was murdered by Sin Rostro while in prison, leaving a clue to a bank account which led to the reveal that she adopted Rafael from Italy and was not his biological mother.[18]", "Emilio Solano", "Rafael s father was murdered by Sin Rostro and, though initially focusing on furthering his father s business legacy, Rafael came to terms with his true feelings about Emilio Solano: he was not a good father, and he never put family first \u2013 something Rafael himself cares most about. Rafael therefore decides to forego the Marquis Hotel Group and only keep The Marbella.", "While Emilio was alive, both in flashbacks and episodes, he is condescending and cold toward Rafael, treating him with little respect and refusing to see the potential and change in his son, who also suffered through cancer.", "Throughout their childhood with an emotionally unavailable father and absent mothers, it appears from the Pilot onwards that Rafael and Luisa have formed a very close-knit bond, in lieu of any other emotional connection in their life. Luisa supported Rafael through his illness and Rafael supported Luisa s career as a doctor when she was unable to practice otherwise, due to a history of alcoholism.", "Rafael is mainly focused on the hotel and proving himself in business in Season 1, whereas Luisa is emotionally adrift, seeking connection and stability in a very direct way. Rafael s priorities completely shift just before Mateo is born and he is now focused on being a good parent and may eventually focus more on family life. Luisa, however, is still searching for comfort and home, and so the two continue to be divided in their character, though united by shared experiences and blood.", "Main article: Jane and Rafael", "Jane and Rafael are the co-parents of Mateo Solano Villanueva. They started a whirlwind romance in Season 1, weathering very serious challenges \u2013 such as the re-introduction of Rafael s mother, Elena Di Nola, when Jane had the amnio to make certain that the baby was okay, Petra s constant scheming, Sin Rostro s crimes in The Marbella, Luisa s relationship with Sin Rostro and Rafael s father s death \u2013 with strength and character.", "When it got too overwhelming for Rafael to feel as alone and abandoned as he did, he broke up with Jane. In Season 2, Jane chose Michael over Rafael. Then chose Mateo over any romance, after an altercation between Michael and Rafael caused Mateo to be harmed. Jane and Rafael slowly reconnected after this and started anew \u2013 only to drift apart again on revelation of Rafael s lies and contribution to Michael s firing. Jane then found understanding for Rafael s actions, and together, through it all, they have managed to always put Mateo first. In 2020, three years after Michael s death, they ve been successfully co-parenting and are best friends. Recently, their romantic feelings for each other resurfaced and are currently dating.", "Main article: Petra and Rafael", "Rafael meets Petra Andel at a board meeting called by his father, Emilio, to announce that Petra s fianc\u00e9, Lachlan Moore, will become CEO of the company. Petra leaves Lachlan for Rafael and they marry. Petra is pregnant with a boy, but has a miscarriage. In 2014, Rafael divorces Petra after finding out she cheated on him with his college roommate, Roman Zazo. In 2015, Petra acquires and inseminates herself with a surprising other sample of Rafael s, in the hopes that there might be a chance for the two to reconcile. After Rafael makes it clear that they have no future, they slowly develop a friendship and succesfully co-parent. In 2020, Rafael finds himself having feelings for Petra. They get together, only to break up because Perta believes that Rafael still has feeling for Jane. Perta and Rafael are still good friends and successful co-parents to the twins.", "Rafael has been married once: to Petra, from 2010-2014[19].", "Rafael s mother left him the day after his 4th birthday[5].", "Rafael s favourite song is Living On A Prayer by Bon Jovi.", "Rafael tells Jane that he was lost back when he met her and up until he got diagnosed with cancer[3].", "Petra and Rafael were going to have a baby in 2011, but lost him due to a miscarriage. It was a boy.[11]", "Rafael has only been to church twice his whole life", "Rafael finds out that he s was not born in America, but in Italy", "Rafael finds out that Elena and Emilio are not his biological parents and is therefor not a Solano.", "Rafael Solano/Gallery", "\u2191 Chapter Fifty-Five", "\u2191 2.0 2.1 Pilot", "\u2191 3.0 3.1 Chapter Two", "\u2191 4.0 4.1 Chapter Four", "\u2191 5.0 5.1 5.2 Chapter Seven", "\u2191 6.0 6.1 Chapter Fourteen", "\u2191 7.0 7.1 Chapter Eighteen", "\u2191 Chapter Twenty-One", "\u2191 Chapter Twenty-Two", "\u2191 10.0 10.1 Chapter Twenty-Three", "\u2191 11.0 11.1 Chapter Twenty-Five", "\u2191 Chapter Twenty-Six", "\u2191 Chapter Twenty-Seven", "\u2191 Six months pass \u2013 Chapter Twenty-Eight", "\u2191 Chapter Three", "\u2191 Chapter Five", "\u2191 Chapter Thirty-One", "\u2191 Chapter Fifty-One", "\u2191 Chapter Sixteen", "Retrieved from https://janethevirgin.fandom.com/wiki/Rafael_Solano?oldid=24992", "2 Petra", "3 Michael Cordero" ] }, { "url": "https://nameberry.com/babyname/Rafael", "title": "Rafael Name Meaning Popularity and Similar Names", "content": [ "Gender: Male Meaning of Rafael: God has healed Origin of Rafael: Spanish variation of Raphael Rafael s Popularity in 2017: #282", "Share Rafael on Facebook Share on Facebook", "Share Rafael on Twitter Share on Twitter", "Share Rafael on Google Plus Share on Google+", "Favorite the name Rafael", "Dislike the name Rafael", "Follow Follow Rafael", "We re excited that you have an opinion about the name Rafael. To rate names on Nameberry, please register for an account or log in to an existing account.", "Would you like to follow Rafael?", "You will receive an email (no more than once per day) summarizing any new mentions of Rafael on Nameberry. Would you like to follow Rafael?", "The name Rafael is a boy s name of Spanish origin meaning God has healed . Rafael is ranked #282 on our popularity charts and is often added to lists like Spanish Baby Names and discussed in our forums with posts like Names on NB that make you go WOW! .", "Rafael is perhaps the ultimate sexy Latino name, not a bad gift to give your son. The Raphael spelling is the original Hebrew version.", "Find other names based on Rafael using our baby name generator.", "Lists containing Rafael:", "Famous People Named Rafael", "Rafael Nadal (Parera), Spanish tennis player", "Rafael Vicente Correa (Delgado), President of Ecuador", "Rafael Le\u00f3nidas Trujillo (Molina), Dominican dictator", "Rafael Edward Ted Cruz, U.S. Senator from Texas", "Rafael Yglesias, American novelist and screenwriter", "Rafael Garcia, American soccer player", "Rafael Ben\u00edtez (Maudes), Spanish footballer and manager", "(Jos\u00e9) Rafael Amaya (N\u00fa\u00f1ez), Mexican actor, singer and model", "Rafael Palmeiro (Corrales), Cuban-American baseball player", "Rafael M\u00e1rquez (\u00c1lvarez), Mexican footballer", "Rafael Halperin, Israeli businessman, rabbi and pro wrestler", "Rafael Rafinha Alc\u00e1ntara do Nascimento, Brazilian footballer", "Rafael Lange Severino aka Cellbit, Brazilian YouTuber", "Rafael van der Vaart, Dutch footballer", "Rafael Rafa Guevara (b. 2003), son of Allegra Huston; grandson of director John Huston", "Rafael Llamas (b. 2005), son of actors Jos\u00e9 \u00c1ngel Llamas and Mara Croatto", "Rafael Schofield (b. 2006), son of actress Sally Rogers and Jonathan Schofield", "Rafael Ritchie (b. 2011), son of director Guy Ritchie", "Rafael Fern\u00e1ndez de C\u00f3rdova y de Potesta (b. 2013), great-grandson of Franz, Duke of Hohenburg and Princess Elisabeth of Luxembourg", "Rafael Thomas (b. 2015), son of actor Alec Baldwin and Hilaria Thomas Baldwin", "Rafael Nadal (Parera), Spanish tennis player Rafael Vicente Correa (Delgado), President of Ecuador Rafael Le\u00f3nidas Trujillo (Molina), Dominican dictator Rafael Edward Ted Cruz, U.S. Senator from Texas Rafael Yglesias, American novelist and screenwriter Rafael Garcia, American soccer player Rafael Ben\u00edtez (Maudes), Spanish footballer and manager (Jos\u00e9) Rafael Amaya (N\u00fa\u00f1ez), Mexican actor, singer and model Rafael Palmeiro (Corrales), Cuban-American baseball player Rafael M\u00e1rquez (\u00c1lvarez), Mexican footballer Rafael Halperin, Israeli businessman, rabbi and pro wrestler Rafael Rafinha Alc\u00e1ntara do Nascimento, Brazilian footballer Rafael Lange Severino aka Cellbit, Brazilian YouTuber Rafael van der Vaart, Dutch footballer Rafael Rafa Guevara (b. 2003), son of Allegra Huston; grandson of director John Huston Rafael Llamas (b. 2005), son of actors Jos\u00e9 \u00c1ngel Llamas and Mara Croatto Rafael Schofield (b. 2006), son of actress Sally Rogers and Jonathan Schofield Rafael Ritchie (b. 2011), son of director Guy Ritchie Rafael Fern\u00e1ndez de C\u00f3rdova y de Potesta (b. 2013), great-grandson of Franz, Duke of Hohenburg and Princess Elisabeth of Luxembourg Rafael Thomas (b. 2015), son of actor Alec Baldwin and Hilaria Thomas Baldwin", "Pop Culture References for the name Rafael", "Rafael Santo, character on TV s American Gothic", "Rafael Solano, character on TV s Jane the Virgin", "Rafael Diaz, character in Star vs. the Forces of Evil", "Rafael Barba, ADA on Law and Oder: SVU", "San Rafael, California, USA (pron. ruh-FELL )", "Also the German and Scandinavian form of Raphael", "Rafael Santo, character on TV s American Gothic Rafael Solano, character on TV s Jane the Virgin Rafael Diaz, character in Star vs. the Forces of Evil Rafael Barba, ADA on Law and Oder: SVU San Rafael, California, USA (pron. ruh-FELL ) Also the German and Scandinavian form of Raphael", "Nicknames & Variations for Rafael", "Rafe\u00e9, Fallo, Falo, Felio, Rafaelle, Rafaello, Rafaelo, Rafal, Rafe, Rafeal, Rafe\u00e9, Rafel, Rafello, Rafer, Raffael, Raffaelo, Raffeal, Raffel, Raffiel, Rafi, Rafiel, Rafo, Raphael, Raphel", "Rafael s International Variations", "Raffaele, Raffaele (Italian)", "Rafael in Blog Posts", "Name Shame and other Baby Name News of the Week", "The New Boys Names 3: Ethnic Choices", "Rafael in the Forums", "Create A School (12th)", "sofiaishere Says:", "It grinds my gears when I hear Rafael and Raphael pronounced raffy-ul like people have been conditioned to pronounce Michael, instead of Raf a EL. Don t butcher this gorgeous name!", "Bella Mia Says:", "If anyone watches/watched Jane the Virgin, this is one of the main character s name... :D", "It s an ancient, sophisticated name with roots around the world. It deserves a better nameberry description.", "berry_chick Says:", "I have a Filipino friend named Rafael...it s used in a lot of areas I guess?", "ashbee Says:", "My grandfather Rafael was a Cuban Jew originally from Poland. It served him well in both places. :)", "mother_dragons Says:", "It s the Spanish version too. Many of my relatives were called Rafael. I can t say anything about other languages, but I can confirm it s the Spanish version", "rlevy Says:", "Ummm...I think the name info for Rafael needs another look. Rafael is actually closer to the original Hebrew version, Refeal. Rafael is a very popular name in Israel and amongst Jewish populations outside of Israel. It s a modern, strong and vibrant name...and I love it. The description doesn t give it justice. Take another stab, Nameberry writers.", "tfzolghadr Says:", "Love this name.", "Kisa Says:", "My boyfriend s name is Rafael, he s in his mid-twenties and is the reserved, smart type. So that is the image I get with this name." ] }, { "url": "https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten/rafael-caro-quintero", "title": "RAFAEL CARO QUINTERO FBI", "content": [ "RAFAEL CARO-QUINTERO", "Violent Crimes in Aid of Racketeering; Conspiracy to Commit Violent Crimes in Aid of Racketeering; Conspiracy to Kidnap a Federal Agent; Kidnapping of a Federal Agent; Felony Murder of a Federal Agent; Aiding and Abetting; Accessory After the Fact", "Photograph taken in 2016", "Wanted by the FBI: Rafael Caro-Quintero Added to Ten Most Wanted Fugitives List", "Rafael Caro-Quintero, a Mexican cartel leader wanted for his role in the murder of a DEA special agent in 1985, has been named to the FBI\u2019s Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list. A reward of up to $20 million is available for information leading to his arrest and/or conviction.", "FBI, This Week: Rafael Caro-Quintero Added to Ten Most Wanted Fugitives List", "Se Busca Por el FBI: Rafael Caro Quintero ha Sido Agregado a la Lista de los Diez Pr\u00f3fugos m\u00e1s Buscados", "Buscado por el papel que desempe\u00f1\u00f3 en el asesinato de un agente especial de la DEA, un l\u00edder de un cartel mexicano ha sido agregado a la lista de los diez pr\u00f3fugos m\u00e1s buscados del FBI.", "Featured News Item:", "New Top Ten Fugitive", "Rafael Caro-Quintero, considered a godfather of Mexican drug trafficking and wanted for the 1985 murder of a U.S. federal agent, has been named to the FBI\u2019s Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list.", "Fugitive Wanted for the Kidnapping and Murder of a Federal Agent is Added to the FBI\u2019s Ten Most Wanted Fugitives List", "Rafa", "Date(s) of Birth Used October 24, 1952, October 3, 1952, November 24, 1952, October 24, 1955, November 24, 1955, March 9, 1963", "Place of Birth Badiraguato, Sinaloa, Mexico", "Hair Gray (formerly black)", "Race White (Hispanic)", "The United States Department of State\u2019s Narcotics Rewards Program is offering a reward of up to $20 million for information leading to the arrest and/or conviction of Rafael Caro-Quintero.", "Caro-Quintero is a member of the Sinaloa Cartel and is known to frequent the area of Badiraguato, Sinaloa, Mexico. Caro-Quintero also has previous ties to Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, and Costa Rica.", "Rafael Caro-Quintero is wanted for his alleged involvement in the kidnapping and murder of a Drug Enforcement Administration Special Agent in 1985, in Mexico. Additionally, Caro-Quintero allegedly holds an active key leadership position directing the activities of the Sinaloa Cartel and the Caro-Quintero Drug Trafficking Organization within the region of Badiraguato, Sinaloa, Mexico.", "SHOULD BE CONSIDERED ARMED AND EXTREMELY DANGEROUS", "If you have any information concerning this person, please call 1-800-CALL-FBI or contact your nearest American Embassy or Consulate." ] }, { "url": "https://rafaelsrestaurant.com/", "title": "Rafael s Restaurant Westminster Maryland", "content": [ "Rafael s Restaurant", "Rafael\u2019s Restaurant \u2022 32 West Main Street, Westminster Maryland \u2022 Phone: 410-840-1919", "Gift Certificates Available \u00bb", "Welcome to Rafael\u2019s Restaurant in Historic downtown Westminster, Maryland \u2013 a unique casual dining experience in a charming romantic atmosphere. Rafael\u2019s great menu is available for lunch and dinner 7 days a week. The full menu is available for dining in, carry out or enjoying on the large deck in the back of the restaurant. Onsite catering, offsite catering and corporate catering are all available \u2013 CLICK HERE for more information.", "Lunch & Dinner Hours:", "Monday -Thursday: 11am - 9:30pm - Friday: 11am-10:30pm", "Saturday: Noon - 10:30pm - Sunday:Noon - 9:00pm", "Saturday & Sunday - 8am - Noon", "No Reservations are accepted for", "Breakfast & seating on the Deck", "CLICK HERE for current Westminster MD Events", "Lunch delivery is now available in the local Westminster area", "between the hours of 11:30am - 3:00pm.", "Make sure to print a copy of our menu for your office and", "let us bring your lunch to you.", "Lunch Delivery Available 11:30am - 3:00pm" ] } ], "selected_contents": [ [ false ], [ false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ] ] }, "timestamp": 1616077613 }, { "action": "Apprentice => Wizard", "text": "Rafa is my favourite tennis player", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077645 }, { "action": "Wizard => SearchAgent", "text": "interesting facts about rafael", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077680 }, { "action": "SearchAgent => Wizard", "text": "", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://learnodo-newtonic.com/raphael-facts", "title": "Raphael 10 Facts On The Famous Renaissance Artist", "content": [ "Home Articles Interesting Facts Raphael | 10 Facts On The Famous Renaissance Artist", "Raphael | 10 Facts On The Famous Renaissance Artist", "Raphael was an Italian artist who is considered one of the three great masters of High Renaissance along with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. Raphael\u2019s career is divided by art historians into three periods, the early years in Perugia where he was influenced by his master Pietro Perugino; then a period of 4 years from 1504 to 1508 in Florence where he studied, learned and developed from the works of masters like Leonardo and Michelangelo; and finally his last 12 years in Rome where he worked for two popes and became the leading artist of the city beating his artistic rival Michelangelo. Know more about the life, family, career and the mysterious death of Raffaello Sanzio through these 10 interesting facts.", "#1 His father was the court painter to the Duke of Urbino", "Born on April 6, 1483, in Urbino, Italy, Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino was the only child of Giovanni Santi and his wife Magia di Battista Ciarla. His father was court painter to Federico da Montefeltro, the Duke of Urbino. He gave his son his first instructions in painting. Raphael\u2019s mother died in 1491 when Raphael was 8 and three years later his father\u2019s death left him an orphan at the age of 11. His father had remarried so he had a stepmother with whom he lived but his formal guardian was his only paternal uncle Bartolomeo, a priest.", "Christ supported by two angels \u2013 Painting by Giovanni Santi, Raphael\u2019s father", "#2 Raphael\u2019s first documented work is the Baronci Altarpiece", "As Federico da Montefeltro encouraged development of fine arts, Urbino had become a center of culture by the time of Raphael\u2019s birth. The cultural vitality of the city was a stimulant for early development of Raphael\u2019s talent and due to his father\u2019s position he came in contact with several important artists of the time. Raphael\u2019s prodigious talent is evident from the fact that in 1500, while still in his teens, he was described as a \u2018master\u2019 and commissioned to help paint the Baronci Altarpiece for a church in Castello, a town near Urbino. Completed by September 13, 1502, it is Raphael\u2019s first documented work.", "Angel, fragment of the Baronci Altarpiece (1501) \u2013 Raphael", "#3 His early works were influenced by his master Pietro Perugino", "Raphael started working in the city of Perugia around the year 1500. In Perugia, Raphael became a pupil of Pietro Perugino, who was among the leading painters of Italy. From Perugino he acquired extensive professional knowledge. Perugino\u2019s influence is apparent in the early works of Raphael. However these paintings still had several unique characteristics which distinguish them from his master\u2019s works. Raphael\u2019s developing style is apparent in The Marriage of the Virgin, the painting in which he surpasses his master.", "The Marriage of the Virgin (1504)", "#4 Leonardo Da Vinci\u2019s art had the greatest influence on his Florentine period works", "From around 1504 to 1508, Raphael worked in various centers in Northern Italy, majorly in Florence. Florence opened new artistic horizons for Raphael and he studied the works of masters of the High Renaissance, majorly those of Leonardo, Michelangelo and Fra Bartolommeo. It was Da Vinci\u2019s art that had the greatest influence on Raphael\u2019s works of the Florentine period. Among other things, Raphael used techniques pioneered by Leonardo, like chiaroscuro (strong contrast between light and dark), and sfumato (fine shading to produce soft, imperceptible transitions between colors and tones).", "#5 Raphael\u2019s greatest work is his fresco sequence in the Raphael Rooms in Papal Palace", "Towards the end of 1508, Raphael was called by Pope Julius II to Rome to paint a cycle of frescoes in a suite of rooms in the Vatican papal apartments. The resulting grand fresco sequence is now regarded a quintessential masterpiece of the High Renaissance. The four rooms frescoed by Raphael are famous as \u201cRaphael Rooms\u201d or \u201cStanze\u201d and the most famous among them is Stanza della Segnatura (\u201cRoom of the Signatura\u201d). It contains four grand paintings which epitomize Philosophy, Poetry, Theology and Law. The School of Athens, which represents Philosophy, is considered Raphael\u2019s greatest masterpiece.", "The School of Athens (1509) \u2013 Raphael", "#6 By 1517 he became the most important artist in Rome", "While working on Stanza della Segnatura, Raphael was given the task to design Sant\u2019Eligio degli Orefici, a church in Rome. This was his first architectural project. For a brief period, Raphael became the leading architect in Rome and in 1514, he was asked to design the famous St. Peter\u2019s Basilica in Vatican City. However most of his work on the church was modified or demolished after his death. In 1517, Raphael was appointed commissioner of antiquities of Rome, making him in charge of all of the papacy\u2019s artistic projects in the city, whether involving architecture, painting, decoration or preservation of antiquities.", "Chigi Chapel in Rome \u2013 The only religious building of Raphael preserved in its near original form", "#7 Raphael\u2019s most well-known romantic relationship was with Margherita Luti", "Raphael\u2019s sweet disposition is well known and throughout his life he mixed effortlessly in the highest of circles. He had a good relationship with Pope Julius II and, after the death of Julius in 1513, an even closer relationship with his successor Pope Leo X. Raphael was affectionate towards the ladies and is said to have had many affairs. His most famous love interest is Margherita Luti, also known as La Fornarina or \u201cthe baker\u2019s daughter\u201d. The story of their love has become \u201cthe archetypal artist-model relationship of Western tradition\u201d. Two famous Raphael portraits depicting Luti are La Fornarina and La donna velata.", "La Fornarina (1519) \u2013 Portrait of Margherita Luti by Raphael", "#8 It is said that Raphael\u2019s death was caused due to excessive sex", "Raphael died on his 37th birthday on Good Friday, April 6, 1520. He never married. He did have an engagement with Maria Bibbiena in 1514 but was not too enthusiastic towards marrying her. The reason for Raphael\u2019s death is not known with certainty. According to art historian Giorgio Vasari, Raphael\u2019s premature death was caused due to a night of excessive sex with Luti after which he fell into a fever. He posits that Raphael didn\u2019t tell the doctors of the cause and was hence given wrong medicine leading to his death. Raphael\u2019s funeral was extremely grand and was attended by a large crowd. His famous painting Transfiguration was placed at the head of the bier, and his body was buried in the Pantheon in Rome.", "Grave of Raphael in the Pantheon in Rome, Italy", "#9 Raphael was involved in a bitter rivalry with Michelangelo", "Raphael had a bitter rivalry with Michelangelo. They competed for patrons and their works were compared by their contemporaries as well as the public. Due to his more amiable disposition Raphael was more favored of the two and by 1513 he was scooping up all the best commissions. Raphael became perhaps the most popular painter of the Renaissance and was even called \u201cthe prince of painters.\u201d However due to Raphael\u2019s untimely death, Michelangelo\u2019s influence became more widespread. He even declared: \u201cEverything he (Raphael) knew in art he learnt from me.\u201d", "Potrait of Michelangelo", "#10 In 18th and 19th century, Raphael was considered the greatest Renaissance painter", "Raphael\u2019s art is known for sweetness and clarity of form, serenity, harmony, perfection and visual brilliance. Along with Leonardo and Michelangelo, he forms the trinity of great Renaissance masters. Though Raphael was influenced by both, his idealized aesthetically pleasing depictions differed from their dark intensity. For a period between late 17th and late 19th centuries, Raphael\u2019s works were revered more than any other artist and he was regarded as the best model for history painting. Though Michelangelo\u2019s and Leonardo\u2019s fame has surpassed his since then, Raphael is still considered among the greatest artists in history.", "Raphael \u2013 Self Portrait", "Raphael And Madonna & Christ Child", "Raphael is among the most revered artists in the genre of history painting but he also excelled in portraiture and was one of the finest draftsmen in the history of western art. Though now his greatest masterpiece is considered the work he did in the Raphael Rooms, his popularity during his time was not due to his major works but due to the numerous small pictures he painted of Madonna and Christ Child. These beautiful works depicting the calm Madonna and the playful Christ remain hugely popular even today. Know more about the art of Raphael by studying his 10 most famous masterpieces.", "Previous articleJohn Dalton\u2019s 10 Major Contributions And Accomplishments", "Next articleCharlemagne | 10 Facts On The Great Holy Roman Emperor", "cool July 18, 2016 At 10:46 am", "dill February 17, 2017 At 9:07 pm", "Alfred F. Jones April 4, 2017 At 4:08 am", "GAVIN September 25, 2017 At 10:21 pm", "nothing its just cool", "huio May 1, 2018 At 8:36 pm", "cooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooool", "huh thats pretty COOL", "DAB Boy October 6, 2017 At 5:11 am", "boi October 18, 2017 At 10:24 pm", "boy November 14, 2017 At 11:23 am", "sammy February 16, 2018 At 5:00 am", "ok good info", "Fredrick March 7, 2018 At 11:24 pm", "awesome, its really great information, I found it really interesting", "the coments are so cool", "Isaiah May 1, 2018 At 9:58 pm", "I like saying cool", "Razvan Bordeanu August 4, 2018 At 1:50 pm", "Glenny January 9, 2020 At 3:41 am", "Learnodo Newtonic January 9, 2020 At 11:23 am" ] }, { "url": "https://www.10interestingfacts.com/10-interesting-facts-about-rafael-nadal.html", "title": "10 Interesting Facts about Rafael Nadal", "content": [ "Home Sports 10 Interesting Facts about Rafael Nadal", "Have you ever heard about Rafael Nadal? A Spanish professional tennis player will be explained on Facts about Rafael Nadal. His full name is Rafael Nadal Parera. His fans usually call him \u201cRafa\u201d. He was born on June 3, 1986 in Manacor, Majorca, Spain. Rafael was interested in tennis after watching his uncle, Toni Nadal played it. After that, he learned how to play tennis at the age of 11. Here are ten interesting facts about Rafael Nadal.", "Facts about Rafael Nadal 1: Early Life", "Rafael started playing tennis in 1994 when he was three years old. Then, he won several tournaments at the age of twelve and became professional tennis player when he was fifteen years old.", "Facts about Rafael Nadal 2: Family", "Sebastian Nadal and Ana Maria Parera are Rafael\u2019s parents. His father is a businessman and his mother is a housewife. Whereas Maria Isabel Nadal is a Rafael\u2019s younger sister.", "Rafael\u2019s Family", "Facts about Rafael Nadal 3: King of Clay", "Rafael is known as the King of Clay. It is because he can play very well on clay courts. That\u2019s why many people consider him as the greatest clay-court tennis player in history.", "Facts about Rafael Nadal 4: Miguel Angel Nadal", "Miguel Angel Nadal is Rafael\u2019s uncle. He is a Spanish socces star, who played for FC Barcelona, RCD Mallorca, and Spanish national team.", "Facts about Rafael Nadal 5: Hobbies", "There are many hobbies which is liked by Radael, including fishing, playing video games, and playing soccer.", "Facts about Rafael Nadal 6: The Rafael Nadal asteroid", "There is an asteroid which has been named after nadal. It is the Rafael Nadal asteroid which was dicovered in 2003.", "Facts about Rafael Nadal 7: His achievements", "There were many achievements that was gotten by Rafael. When he was 8 years old, he won an Under-12 regional tennis championship and the Spanish and European tennis titles at the age 12. Besides, he also reached the semifinals of the Boy\u2019s Singles tournament at Wimbledon when he was 16 years old. At the age 17, he was the youngest man to reach the third round at Wimbledon. Furthermore, he won French Open singles title at 19 and became his first career.", "Facts about Rafael Nadal 8: Rafa Nadal Tennis Academy", "Rafael Nadal Tennis Academy is located in Mallorca, Spain. It offers progams to young players and education from the best tennis trainers. Besides, Rafa Nadal Academy is supported with the best facilities and high technology.", "Facts about Rafael Nadal 9: Awards", "There are many awards which were won by Rafael, including ATP Newcomer of the Year Award (2003), Golden Bagel Award, ATP Most Improved Player of the Year Award (2005), Laureus World Sports Award for Breakthrough of the Year (2006), Prince of Asturias Award for Sports, ATP World Tour Champion trophy, Best International Athlete ESPY Award (2008), Golden Bagel Award, Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Award, BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year (2009-2010), Best Male Tennis Player ESPY Award, Laureus World Sports Awards, Sportsman of the Year (2011-2014).", "Facts about Rafael Nadal 10: Left-handed", "Naturally, Rafael is right-handed. However, his uncle Toni taught him to play left-handed when he was ten years old. That\u2019s why he can write with his right hand and play tennis with left hand.", "We have talked facts about Rafael Nadal. Do you have anything to add about him? Let us know!", "10 Interesting Facts about Neymar", "10 Interesting Facts about NBA", "10 Interesting Facts about Ice Hockey", "10 Interesting Facts about Handball", "10 Interesting Facts about Alice Walker", "10 Interesting Facts about James Naismith", "10 Interesting Facts about Aaron Rodgers", "10 Interesting Facts about Montana" ] }, { "url": "https://www.factsofworld.com/10-facts-about-raphael/", "title": "10 Facts about Raphael of World", "content": [ "10 Facts about Raphael", "Home > Artists > 10 Facts about Raphael", "Find out the interesting information about an Italian painter from the High Renaissance on Facts about Raphael. The exact birth date of Raphael is not known. However, the people speculate that he was born probably on 28 March or 6 April 1438. The people are impressed with the works of art of Raphael due to the grandeur look, easy composition and clear form. Here are other interesting facts about Raphael to notice:", "Facts about Raphael 1: the great masters", "During the High Renaissance, Raphael was considered as a one of the three great masters along with Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo.", "Facts about Raphael 2: the productive and creative Raphael", "Raphael was considered as a creative and productive artist. He left a lot of artworks even though he died at the young of 37. He had a very large workshop.", "Facts about Raphael 3: where to find the works of Raphael", "The works of Raphael are mostly discovered at the Vatican Palace. The main important work of Raphael was located at the frescoed Raphael Rooms.", "Check Also: (10 Facts about Ralph Steadman)", "Facts about Raphael 4: the notable work of Raphael", "The School of Athens is considered as the most notable work of Raphael. It is housed at the Vatican Stanza della Segnatura.", "Facts about Raphael 5: the loss of quality", "The loss of quality was spotted on his work for it was executed from his drawings in his workshop. It took place during his early period in Rome.", "Facts about Raphael 6: the popularity outside Rome", "Raphael was more popular in Rome than outside people. People only heard his name when he had collaborative printmaking.", "Facts about Raphael 7: Michelangelo", "Michelangelo was one of the greatest rivals of Raphael. In 18th until 19th century, he was more popular after the death of Raphael. The works of Raphael were considered as the highest models due the more harmonious and serene characteristics.", "raphael and maria bibbienas tomb", "Facts about Raphael 8: the phases of his career", "Raphael had three phases of career. The first one was characterized by his period in Umbria. The second was when he applied the art style of Florence for about 4 years. The last one was when he worked for two Popes in Rome for 12 years.", "Check Also: (10 Facts about Ralph Goings)", "Facts about Raphael 9: a nomadic life", "Raphael had to perform a nomadic life in Northern Italy. In 1504, he decided to settle in Florence.", "raphael\u2019s father", "Facts about Raphael 10: the portraits", "Raphael created various portraits for notable people. They included the portraits of Baldassare Castiglione, Bindo Altoviti, Elisabetta Gonzaga and Pope Julius II.", "Are you impressed after reading facts about Raphael?", "Share the post 10 Facts about Raphael", "Related to 10 Facts about Raphael" ] }, { "url": "https://guardianangelguide.com/archangel-raphael/", "title": "6 Facts You Didn t Know About Archangel Raphael Guardian", "content": [ "Celestial Hierarchy", "6 Facts You Didn\u2019t Know About Archangel Raphael", "Archangels , Healing Angels", "Archangel Raphael stands out as one of the most powerful healers. This is due to the fact that he healed Jacob\u2019s dislocated hip. And he also healed Abraham after his circumcision. Furthermore, the name Raphael means \u201cGod Who Heals\u201d. But The Bible calls him on his other name, \u201cThe Divine Physician\u201d. Therefore, those who are familiar with the archangels, already know the miraculous healing power of Raphael. But there are many other facts that you may not know.", "#1. First of all, Raphael became popular as the protector of travelers. This is due to his journey with Tobias. In this journey he appears as a great companion for long journeys. His sense of humor transforms him into a great friend. As a result of his amazing journey with Tobias, Raphael is often painted as a pilgrim. In his journey with Tobias, in the Book Of Tobit, there is an interesting tale described. The archangel banishes a dangerous demon, called Asmodeus. The demon kills seven bridegrooms of Sarah, until Raphael banishes him.", "#2. Archangel Raphael often appears in paintings holding a fish. That is the fish Tobias caught on the journey that I\u2019ve mentioned above. On their journey to Media, Raphael taught Tobias some exorcising tips. One of these tips was smoking the liver and heart of the fish. As a result, Tobias was able to exorcise evil spirits from his bride. Later on their way back, Raphael taught him how to restore his father\u2019s eyesight with the gall. Meanwhile, he revealed his real identity.", "#3. Raphael seems to be the archangel who helped king Solomon to build his temple. He was the carrier of the special ring from God to Solomon. This ring allowed Solomon to command demons to finish the great temple.", "#4. Furthermore, Jewish Legends sustain that Raphael helped Noah to build his ark. The archangel gave Noah all the knowledge he needed. Finally, before the flood came, Raphael gave Noah a medical book.", "#5. John 5:2-4 tells us about the incredible healing powers of the pool at Bethesda. As a result of Raphael disturbing the pool, it received healing powers. The first man who entered the pool after the archangel, was miraculously healed.", "#6. Joy Shell, an English nurse, became famous with her book called \u201cThe Ministry of Angels\u201d. She admits in this book that she regularly saw Archangel Raphael at the heads of very ill patients. Hence, the patients visited by the celestial being recovered.", "You might enjoy this Angel Raphael Healing Prayer.", "In conclusion, Archangel Raphael possesses an amazing healing power. We can pray for him when we or our loved ones are ill. Raphael can teach us to heal ourselves and others. And he is the protector of healers, doctors, nurses and therapists. Let his healing light spread through your life.", "Sariel Angel Of Death", "The Archangel Sigils", "The Archangel Michael Sigil", "Previous6 Facts You Didn\u2019t Know About Archangel Michael\tNextThe Archangel Michael Prayer", "Guardian Angels Of December", "November 30, 2018 GAGadmin0", "Archangel Kafziel", "February 21, 2017 GAGadmin1" ] }, { "url": "https://epicpew.com/9-fascinating-facts-archangels/", "title": "9 Fascinating Facts About the Archangels Michael Gabriel", "content": [ "9 Fascinating Facts About the Archangels Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael", "Brooke Gregory September 29, 2017 72 0\t0 views", "The Feast of the Archangels is upon us, a time to reflect on these often mysterious messengers of God, and the help they never cease to provide to us in our spiritual struggle.", "While there are innumerable \u201cbodiless powers\u201d in heaven, the Church celebrates three in particular for the integral roles they have played throughout the history of God\u2019s people. Here are some intriguing things you may have never known about Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael, who we celebrate every year on September 29th.", "1. Early Christians considered St. Michael to be healer", "While St. Michael has a millennia-old reputation as a warrior, commander, protector, and all-around badass, early Christians considered him to be a healer. As soldier-martyrs like St. George, St. Demetrios, and St. Theodore gained popularity, the emerging Church prayed to St. Michael for the ill and injured. This began to change in the early 4th century when a certain painting depicting the archangel defeating a dragon became popular after one of Emperor Constantine\u2019s military victories, and that motif remains one of the most well-known images of St. Michael to this day.", "2. Saint Michael was the protector and advocate for Israel", "There are several instances in the Old Testament where Michael struggles for Israel and its people against his archenemy Samael, an evil angel thought to be synonymous with Satan. He appears three times in the Book of Daniel where he informs the prophet that he is the protector of the Jewish people, and will arise in the end times to deliver those whose names are written in the Book of Life. Rabbinical tradition holds that Michael was closely involved in some of the most crucial events in early history of the Hebrew people. It is believed that he announced to Sarah she would bear a son, stopped Abraham from sacrificing Isaac, and was the angel who wrestled and blessed Jacob.", "3. Saint Michael protects us at the hour of our death", "Church tradition teaches that Michael is not only our protector in this life, but in the next as well. He most especially protects the soul at the hour of death, and rescues souls from Purgatory.", "4. St. Gabriel first appears in the book of Daniel", "Like Michael, Gabriel also has cameos in the Book of Daniel. He explains, interprets, and reveals the hidden meanings of Daniel\u2019s visions. The visions and Gabriel\u2019s explanations of them are so overwhelming that Daniel \u201clay[s] sick for many days\u201d afterward. In these passages, Gabriel functions not only as a messenger, but as a revealer and bearer of arcane wisdom.", "5. Noah\u2019s great-grandfather wrote about Gabriel in the book of Enoch", "While the book enjoys canonical status only in the Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox Churches, it is nonetheless a fascinating work that chronicles Enoch\u2019s visits to heaven, and tells the story of the infamous nephilim, offspring of angels and humans. In the book, Gabriel is tasked with destroying the nephilim by causing them to war with each other. He is described as \u201cone of the holy angels, who is over Paradise and the serpents and the Cherubim.\u201d Enoch later describes seeing him in heaven with Michael, Raphael, and an angel named Phanuel.", "6. Gabriel announced more than one birth in the Bible", "Perhaps Gabriel\u2019s most famous appearance was at the Annunciation, but he also announced another very important New Testament birth. He was the angel who appeared to John the Baptist\u2019s father, Zacharias, and told him that his barren wife Elizabeth would bear a son. When Zacharias didn\u2019t believe him, Gabriel was not having it, and struck him mute until his son\u2019s birth.", "7. Saint Raphael is considered to be the most approachable of all the archangels", "Raphael plays a pivotal role in the Old Testament Book of Tobit. Calling himself Azarias, Raphael guides the blind Tobit and his son Tobiah through the desert, fights off a demon, and restores Tobit\u2019s sight. He also delivers Tobiah\u2019s fianc\u00e9e Sarah from a demon\u2019s curse. Many depictions of St. Raphael picture the angel holding Tobiah\u2019s hand as a dear friend, and for this reason he has a reputation as being the most approachable archangel.", "8. St. Raphael\u2019s very name is grounded in healing", "This may be why Church tradition often considers him to be the unnamed angel in John 5 who moves the waters of the pool of Bethesda. As the story goes, an angel would at certain times disturb the waters of the pool, after which the first person to enter it would be miraculously healed. Because of Raphael\u2019s reputation as a healer, it made sense to many Church fathers and interpreters of Scripture that he would be this anonymous angel.", "9. St. Raphael has the longest list of patronages out of all the archangels", "St. Raphael\u2019s list of patronages is perhaps the longest, and touches almost every aspect of human existence. He is considered the patron not only of bodily and mental illness and almost every conceivable field that treats them, but also of apothecaries, brides, newly married and engaged couples, lovers, matchmakers, happy meetings, travelers, pilgrims, sailors, those who suffer from nightmares, shepherds, and young people.", "This week, spend some time with the archangels in your prayers, and honor their feast by attending Mass on the 29th. Remember to give thanks for these unbelievably cool beings who are always looking out for us and helping us to grow into the people God meant for us to be!", "Tags Angels archangels saints", "Brooke Gregory", "Brooke Gregory is a writer, editor, and blogger deeply interested in feminism, social justice issues, Eastern patristics, and ecumenism. She is currently working on a novel and building a poetry portfolio.", "This Slave Became America\u2019s First African-American Priest" ] } ] }, "timestamp": null }, { "action": "Wizard => Apprentice", "text": "rafeal acadamy trains young players", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://learnodo-newtonic.com/raphael-facts", "title": "Raphael 10 Facts On The Famous Renaissance Artist", "content": [ "Home Articles Interesting Facts Raphael | 10 Facts On The Famous Renaissance Artist", "Raphael | 10 Facts On The Famous Renaissance Artist", "Raphael was an Italian artist who is considered one of the three great masters of High Renaissance along with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. Raphael\u2019s career is divided by art historians into three periods, the early years in Perugia where he was influenced by his master Pietro Perugino; then a period of 4 years from 1504 to 1508 in Florence where he studied, learned and developed from the works of masters like Leonardo and Michelangelo; and finally his last 12 years in Rome where he worked for two popes and became the leading artist of the city beating his artistic rival Michelangelo. Know more about the life, family, career and the mysterious death of Raffaello Sanzio through these 10 interesting facts.", "#1 His father was the court painter to the Duke of Urbino", "Born on April 6, 1483, in Urbino, Italy, Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino was the only child of Giovanni Santi and his wife Magia di Battista Ciarla. His father was court painter to Federico da Montefeltro, the Duke of Urbino. He gave his son his first instructions in painting. Raphael\u2019s mother died in 1491 when Raphael was 8 and three years later his father\u2019s death left him an orphan at the age of 11. His father had remarried so he had a stepmother with whom he lived but his formal guardian was his only paternal uncle Bartolomeo, a priest.", "Christ supported by two angels \u2013 Painting by Giovanni Santi, Raphael\u2019s father", "#2 Raphael\u2019s first documented work is the Baronci Altarpiece", "As Federico da Montefeltro encouraged development of fine arts, Urbino had become a center of culture by the time of Raphael\u2019s birth. The cultural vitality of the city was a stimulant for early development of Raphael\u2019s talent and due to his father\u2019s position he came in contact with several important artists of the time. Raphael\u2019s prodigious talent is evident from the fact that in 1500, while still in his teens, he was described as a \u2018master\u2019 and commissioned to help paint the Baronci Altarpiece for a church in Castello, a town near Urbino. Completed by September 13, 1502, it is Raphael\u2019s first documented work.", "Angel, fragment of the Baronci Altarpiece (1501) \u2013 Raphael", "#3 His early works were influenced by his master Pietro Perugino", "Raphael started working in the city of Perugia around the year 1500. In Perugia, Raphael became a pupil of Pietro Perugino, who was among the leading painters of Italy. From Perugino he acquired extensive professional knowledge. Perugino\u2019s influence is apparent in the early works of Raphael. However these paintings still had several unique characteristics which distinguish them from his master\u2019s works. Raphael\u2019s developing style is apparent in The Marriage of the Virgin, the painting in which he surpasses his master.", "The Marriage of the Virgin (1504)", "#4 Leonardo Da Vinci\u2019s art had the greatest influence on his Florentine period works", "From around 1504 to 1508, Raphael worked in various centers in Northern Italy, majorly in Florence. Florence opened new artistic horizons for Raphael and he studied the works of masters of the High Renaissance, majorly those of Leonardo, Michelangelo and Fra Bartolommeo. It was Da Vinci\u2019s art that had the greatest influence on Raphael\u2019s works of the Florentine period. Among other things, Raphael used techniques pioneered by Leonardo, like chiaroscuro (strong contrast between light and dark), and sfumato (fine shading to produce soft, imperceptible transitions between colors and tones).", "#5 Raphael\u2019s greatest work is his fresco sequence in the Raphael Rooms in Papal Palace", "Towards the end of 1508, Raphael was called by Pope Julius II to Rome to paint a cycle of frescoes in a suite of rooms in the Vatican papal apartments. The resulting grand fresco sequence is now regarded a quintessential masterpiece of the High Renaissance. The four rooms frescoed by Raphael are famous as \u201cRaphael Rooms\u201d or \u201cStanze\u201d and the most famous among them is Stanza della Segnatura (\u201cRoom of the Signatura\u201d). It contains four grand paintings which epitomize Philosophy, Poetry, Theology and Law. The School of Athens, which represents Philosophy, is considered Raphael\u2019s greatest masterpiece.", "The School of Athens (1509) \u2013 Raphael", "#6 By 1517 he became the most important artist in Rome", "While working on Stanza della Segnatura, Raphael was given the task to design Sant\u2019Eligio degli Orefici, a church in Rome. This was his first architectural project. For a brief period, Raphael became the leading architect in Rome and in 1514, he was asked to design the famous St. Peter\u2019s Basilica in Vatican City. However most of his work on the church was modified or demolished after his death. In 1517, Raphael was appointed commissioner of antiquities of Rome, making him in charge of all of the papacy\u2019s artistic projects in the city, whether involving architecture, painting, decoration or preservation of antiquities.", "Chigi Chapel in Rome \u2013 The only religious building of Raphael preserved in its near original form", "#7 Raphael\u2019s most well-known romantic relationship was with Margherita Luti", "Raphael\u2019s sweet disposition is well known and throughout his life he mixed effortlessly in the highest of circles. He had a good relationship with Pope Julius II and, after the death of Julius in 1513, an even closer relationship with his successor Pope Leo X. Raphael was affectionate towards the ladies and is said to have had many affairs. His most famous love interest is Margherita Luti, also known as La Fornarina or \u201cthe baker\u2019s daughter\u201d. The story of their love has become \u201cthe archetypal artist-model relationship of Western tradition\u201d. Two famous Raphael portraits depicting Luti are La Fornarina and La donna velata.", "La Fornarina (1519) \u2013 Portrait of Margherita Luti by Raphael", "#8 It is said that Raphael\u2019s death was caused due to excessive sex", "Raphael died on his 37th birthday on Good Friday, April 6, 1520. He never married. He did have an engagement with Maria Bibbiena in 1514 but was not too enthusiastic towards marrying her. The reason for Raphael\u2019s death is not known with certainty. According to art historian Giorgio Vasari, Raphael\u2019s premature death was caused due to a night of excessive sex with Luti after which he fell into a fever. He posits that Raphael didn\u2019t tell the doctors of the cause and was hence given wrong medicine leading to his death. Raphael\u2019s funeral was extremely grand and was attended by a large crowd. His famous painting Transfiguration was placed at the head of the bier, and his body was buried in the Pantheon in Rome.", "Grave of Raphael in the Pantheon in Rome, Italy", "#9 Raphael was involved in a bitter rivalry with Michelangelo", "Raphael had a bitter rivalry with Michelangelo. They competed for patrons and their works were compared by their contemporaries as well as the public. Due to his more amiable disposition Raphael was more favored of the two and by 1513 he was scooping up all the best commissions. Raphael became perhaps the most popular painter of the Renaissance and was even called \u201cthe prince of painters.\u201d However due to Raphael\u2019s untimely death, Michelangelo\u2019s influence became more widespread. He even declared: \u201cEverything he (Raphael) knew in art he learnt from me.\u201d", "Potrait of Michelangelo", "#10 In 18th and 19th century, Raphael was considered the greatest Renaissance painter", "Raphael\u2019s art is known for sweetness and clarity of form, serenity, harmony, perfection and visual brilliance. Along with Leonardo and Michelangelo, he forms the trinity of great Renaissance masters. Though Raphael was influenced by both, his idealized aesthetically pleasing depictions differed from their dark intensity. For a period between late 17th and late 19th centuries, Raphael\u2019s works were revered more than any other artist and he was regarded as the best model for history painting. Though Michelangelo\u2019s and Leonardo\u2019s fame has surpassed his since then, Raphael is still considered among the greatest artists in history.", "Raphael \u2013 Self Portrait", "Raphael And Madonna & Christ Child", "Raphael is among the most revered artists in the genre of history painting but he also excelled in portraiture and was one of the finest draftsmen in the history of western art. Though now his greatest masterpiece is considered the work he did in the Raphael Rooms, his popularity during his time was not due to his major works but due to the numerous small pictures he painted of Madonna and Christ Child. These beautiful works depicting the calm Madonna and the playful Christ remain hugely popular even today. Know more about the art of Raphael by studying his 10 most famous masterpieces.", "Previous articleJohn Dalton\u2019s 10 Major Contributions And Accomplishments", "Next articleCharlemagne | 10 Facts On The Great Holy Roman Emperor", "cool July 18, 2016 At 10:46 am", "dill February 17, 2017 At 9:07 pm", "Alfred F. Jones April 4, 2017 At 4:08 am", "GAVIN September 25, 2017 At 10:21 pm", "nothing its just cool", "huio May 1, 2018 At 8:36 pm", "cooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooool", "huh thats pretty COOL", "DAB Boy October 6, 2017 At 5:11 am", "boi October 18, 2017 At 10:24 pm", "boy November 14, 2017 At 11:23 am", "sammy February 16, 2018 At 5:00 am", "ok good info", "Fredrick March 7, 2018 At 11:24 pm", "awesome, its really great information, I found it really interesting", "the coments are so cool", "Isaiah May 1, 2018 At 9:58 pm", "I like saying cool", "Razvan Bordeanu August 4, 2018 At 1:50 pm", "Glenny January 9, 2020 At 3:41 am", "Learnodo Newtonic January 9, 2020 At 11:23 am" ] }, { "url": "https://www.10interestingfacts.com/10-interesting-facts-about-rafael-nadal.html", "title": "10 Interesting Facts about Rafael Nadal", "content": [ "Home Sports 10 Interesting Facts about Rafael Nadal", "Have you ever heard about Rafael Nadal? A Spanish professional tennis player will be explained on Facts about Rafael Nadal. His full name is Rafael Nadal Parera. His fans usually call him \u201cRafa\u201d. He was born on June 3, 1986 in Manacor, Majorca, Spain. Rafael was interested in tennis after watching his uncle, Toni Nadal played it. After that, he learned how to play tennis at the age of 11. Here are ten interesting facts about Rafael Nadal.", "Facts about Rafael Nadal 1: Early Life", "Rafael started playing tennis in 1994 when he was three years old. Then, he won several tournaments at the age of twelve and became professional tennis player when he was fifteen years old.", "Facts about Rafael Nadal 2: Family", "Sebastian Nadal and Ana Maria Parera are Rafael\u2019s parents. His father is a businessman and his mother is a housewife. Whereas Maria Isabel Nadal is a Rafael\u2019s younger sister.", "Rafael\u2019s Family", "Facts about Rafael Nadal 3: King of Clay", "Rafael is known as the King of Clay. It is because he can play very well on clay courts. That\u2019s why many people consider him as the greatest clay-court tennis player in history.", "Facts about Rafael Nadal 4: Miguel Angel Nadal", "Miguel Angel Nadal is Rafael\u2019s uncle. He is a Spanish socces star, who played for FC Barcelona, RCD Mallorca, and Spanish national team.", "Facts about Rafael Nadal 5: Hobbies", "There are many hobbies which is liked by Radael, including fishing, playing video games, and playing soccer.", "Facts about Rafael Nadal 6: The Rafael Nadal asteroid", "There is an asteroid which has been named after nadal. It is the Rafael Nadal asteroid which was dicovered in 2003.", "Facts about Rafael Nadal 7: His achievements", "There were many achievements that was gotten by Rafael. When he was 8 years old, he won an Under-12 regional tennis championship and the Spanish and European tennis titles at the age 12. Besides, he also reached the semifinals of the Boy\u2019s Singles tournament at Wimbledon when he was 16 years old. At the age 17, he was the youngest man to reach the third round at Wimbledon. Furthermore, he won French Open singles title at 19 and became his first career.", "Facts about Rafael Nadal 8: Rafa Nadal Tennis Academy", "Rafael Nadal Tennis Academy is located in Mallorca, Spain. It offers progams to young players and education from the best tennis trainers. Besides, Rafa Nadal Academy is supported with the best facilities and high technology.", "Facts about Rafael Nadal 9: Awards", "There are many awards which were won by Rafael, including ATP Newcomer of the Year Award (2003), Golden Bagel Award, ATP Most Improved Player of the Year Award (2005), Laureus World Sports Award for Breakthrough of the Year (2006), Prince of Asturias Award for Sports, ATP World Tour Champion trophy, Best International Athlete ESPY Award (2008), Golden Bagel Award, Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Award, BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year (2009-2010), Best Male Tennis Player ESPY Award, Laureus World Sports Awards, Sportsman of the Year (2011-2014).", "Facts about Rafael Nadal 10: Left-handed", "Naturally, Rafael is right-handed. However, his uncle Toni taught him to play left-handed when he was ten years old. That\u2019s why he can write with his right hand and play tennis with left hand.", "We have talked facts about Rafael Nadal. Do you have anything to add about him? Let us know!", "10 Interesting Facts about Neymar", "10 Interesting Facts about NBA", "10 Interesting Facts about Ice Hockey", "10 Interesting Facts about Handball", "10 Interesting Facts about Alice Walker", "10 Interesting Facts about James Naismith", "10 Interesting Facts about Aaron Rodgers", "10 Interesting Facts about Montana" ] }, { "url": "https://www.factsofworld.com/10-facts-about-raphael/", "title": "10 Facts about Raphael of World", "content": [ "10 Facts about Raphael", "Home > Artists > 10 Facts about Raphael", "Find out the interesting information about an Italian painter from the High Renaissance on Facts about Raphael. The exact birth date of Raphael is not known. However, the people speculate that he was born probably on 28 March or 6 April 1438. The people are impressed with the works of art of Raphael due to the grandeur look, easy composition and clear form. Here are other interesting facts about Raphael to notice:", "Facts about Raphael 1: the great masters", "During the High Renaissance, Raphael was considered as a one of the three great masters along with Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo.", "Facts about Raphael 2: the productive and creative Raphael", "Raphael was considered as a creative and productive artist. He left a lot of artworks even though he died at the young of 37. He had a very large workshop.", "Facts about Raphael 3: where to find the works of Raphael", "The works of Raphael are mostly discovered at the Vatican Palace. The main important work of Raphael was located at the frescoed Raphael Rooms.", "Check Also: (10 Facts about Ralph Steadman)", "Facts about Raphael 4: the notable work of Raphael", "The School of Athens is considered as the most notable work of Raphael. It is housed at the Vatican Stanza della Segnatura.", "Facts about Raphael 5: the loss of quality", "The loss of quality was spotted on his work for it was executed from his drawings in his workshop. It took place during his early period in Rome.", "Facts about Raphael 6: the popularity outside Rome", "Raphael was more popular in Rome than outside people. People only heard his name when he had collaborative printmaking.", "Facts about Raphael 7: Michelangelo", "Michelangelo was one of the greatest rivals of Raphael. In 18th until 19th century, he was more popular after the death of Raphael. The works of Raphael were considered as the highest models due the more harmonious and serene characteristics.", "raphael and maria bibbienas tomb", "Facts about Raphael 8: the phases of his career", "Raphael had three phases of career. The first one was characterized by his period in Umbria. The second was when he applied the art style of Florence for about 4 years. The last one was when he worked for two Popes in Rome for 12 years.", "Check Also: (10 Facts about Ralph Goings)", "Facts about Raphael 9: a nomadic life", "Raphael had to perform a nomadic life in Northern Italy. In 1504, he decided to settle in Florence.", "raphael\u2019s father", "Facts about Raphael 10: the portraits", "Raphael created various portraits for notable people. They included the portraits of Baldassare Castiglione, Bindo Altoviti, Elisabetta Gonzaga and Pope Julius II.", "Are you impressed after reading facts about Raphael?", "Share the post 10 Facts about Raphael", "Related to 10 Facts about Raphael" ] }, { "url": "https://guardianangelguide.com/archangel-raphael/", "title": "6 Facts You Didn t Know About Archangel Raphael Guardian", "content": [ "Celestial Hierarchy", "6 Facts You Didn\u2019t Know About Archangel Raphael", "Archangels , Healing Angels", "Archangel Raphael stands out as one of the most powerful healers. This is due to the fact that he healed Jacob\u2019s dislocated hip. And he also healed Abraham after his circumcision. Furthermore, the name Raphael means \u201cGod Who Heals\u201d. But The Bible calls him on his other name, \u201cThe Divine Physician\u201d. Therefore, those who are familiar with the archangels, already know the miraculous healing power of Raphael. But there are many other facts that you may not know.", "#1. First of all, Raphael became popular as the protector of travelers. This is due to his journey with Tobias. In this journey he appears as a great companion for long journeys. His sense of humor transforms him into a great friend. As a result of his amazing journey with Tobias, Raphael is often painted as a pilgrim. In his journey with Tobias, in the Book Of Tobit, there is an interesting tale described. The archangel banishes a dangerous demon, called Asmodeus. The demon kills seven bridegrooms of Sarah, until Raphael banishes him.", "#2. Archangel Raphael often appears in paintings holding a fish. That is the fish Tobias caught on the journey that I\u2019ve mentioned above. On their journey to Media, Raphael taught Tobias some exorcising tips. One of these tips was smoking the liver and heart of the fish. As a result, Tobias was able to exorcise evil spirits from his bride. Later on their way back, Raphael taught him how to restore his father\u2019s eyesight with the gall. Meanwhile, he revealed his real identity.", "#3. Raphael seems to be the archangel who helped king Solomon to build his temple. He was the carrier of the special ring from God to Solomon. This ring allowed Solomon to command demons to finish the great temple.", "#4. Furthermore, Jewish Legends sustain that Raphael helped Noah to build his ark. The archangel gave Noah all the knowledge he needed. Finally, before the flood came, Raphael gave Noah a medical book.", "#5. John 5:2-4 tells us about the incredible healing powers of the pool at Bethesda. As a result of Raphael disturbing the pool, it received healing powers. The first man who entered the pool after the archangel, was miraculously healed.", "#6. Joy Shell, an English nurse, became famous with her book called \u201cThe Ministry of Angels\u201d. She admits in this book that she regularly saw Archangel Raphael at the heads of very ill patients. Hence, the patients visited by the celestial being recovered.", "You might enjoy this Angel Raphael Healing Prayer.", "In conclusion, Archangel Raphael possesses an amazing healing power. We can pray for him when we or our loved ones are ill. Raphael can teach us to heal ourselves and others. And he is the protector of healers, doctors, nurses and therapists. Let his healing light spread through your life.", "Sariel Angel Of Death", "The Archangel Sigils", "The Archangel Michael Sigil", "Previous6 Facts You Didn\u2019t Know About Archangel Michael\tNextThe Archangel Michael Prayer", "Guardian Angels Of December", "November 30, 2018 GAGadmin0", "Archangel Kafziel", "February 21, 2017 GAGadmin1" ] }, { "url": "https://epicpew.com/9-fascinating-facts-archangels/", "title": "9 Fascinating Facts About the Archangels Michael Gabriel", "content": [ "9 Fascinating Facts About the Archangels Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael", "Brooke Gregory September 29, 2017 72 0\t0 views", "The Feast of the Archangels is upon us, a time to reflect on these often mysterious messengers of God, and the help they never cease to provide to us in our spiritual struggle.", "While there are innumerable \u201cbodiless powers\u201d in heaven, the Church celebrates three in particular for the integral roles they have played throughout the history of God\u2019s people. Here are some intriguing things you may have never known about Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael, who we celebrate every year on September 29th.", "1. Early Christians considered St. Michael to be healer", "While St. Michael has a millennia-old reputation as a warrior, commander, protector, and all-around badass, early Christians considered him to be a healer. As soldier-martyrs like St. George, St. Demetrios, and St. Theodore gained popularity, the emerging Church prayed to St. Michael for the ill and injured. This began to change in the early 4th century when a certain painting depicting the archangel defeating a dragon became popular after one of Emperor Constantine\u2019s military victories, and that motif remains one of the most well-known images of St. Michael to this day.", "2. Saint Michael was the protector and advocate for Israel", "There are several instances in the Old Testament where Michael struggles for Israel and its people against his archenemy Samael, an evil angel thought to be synonymous with Satan. He appears three times in the Book of Daniel where he informs the prophet that he is the protector of the Jewish people, and will arise in the end times to deliver those whose names are written in the Book of Life. Rabbinical tradition holds that Michael was closely involved in some of the most crucial events in early history of the Hebrew people. It is believed that he announced to Sarah she would bear a son, stopped Abraham from sacrificing Isaac, and was the angel who wrestled and blessed Jacob.", "3. Saint Michael protects us at the hour of our death", "Church tradition teaches that Michael is not only our protector in this life, but in the next as well. He most especially protects the soul at the hour of death, and rescues souls from Purgatory.", "4. St. Gabriel first appears in the book of Daniel", "Like Michael, Gabriel also has cameos in the Book of Daniel. He explains, interprets, and reveals the hidden meanings of Daniel\u2019s visions. The visions and Gabriel\u2019s explanations of them are so overwhelming that Daniel \u201clay[s] sick for many days\u201d afterward. In these passages, Gabriel functions not only as a messenger, but as a revealer and bearer of arcane wisdom.", "5. Noah\u2019s great-grandfather wrote about Gabriel in the book of Enoch", "While the book enjoys canonical status only in the Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox Churches, it is nonetheless a fascinating work that chronicles Enoch\u2019s visits to heaven, and tells the story of the infamous nephilim, offspring of angels and humans. In the book, Gabriel is tasked with destroying the nephilim by causing them to war with each other. He is described as \u201cone of the holy angels, who is over Paradise and the serpents and the Cherubim.\u201d Enoch later describes seeing him in heaven with Michael, Raphael, and an angel named Phanuel.", "6. Gabriel announced more than one birth in the Bible", "Perhaps Gabriel\u2019s most famous appearance was at the Annunciation, but he also announced another very important New Testament birth. He was the angel who appeared to John the Baptist\u2019s father, Zacharias, and told him that his barren wife Elizabeth would bear a son. When Zacharias didn\u2019t believe him, Gabriel was not having it, and struck him mute until his son\u2019s birth.", "7. Saint Raphael is considered to be the most approachable of all the archangels", "Raphael plays a pivotal role in the Old Testament Book of Tobit. Calling himself Azarias, Raphael guides the blind Tobit and his son Tobiah through the desert, fights off a demon, and restores Tobit\u2019s sight. He also delivers Tobiah\u2019s fianc\u00e9e Sarah from a demon\u2019s curse. Many depictions of St. Raphael picture the angel holding Tobiah\u2019s hand as a dear friend, and for this reason he has a reputation as being the most approachable archangel.", "8. St. Raphael\u2019s very name is grounded in healing", "This may be why Church tradition often considers him to be the unnamed angel in John 5 who moves the waters of the pool of Bethesda. As the story goes, an angel would at certain times disturb the waters of the pool, after which the first person to enter it would be miraculously healed. Because of Raphael\u2019s reputation as a healer, it made sense to many Church fathers and interpreters of Scripture that he would be this anonymous angel.", "9. St. Raphael has the longest list of patronages out of all the archangels", "St. Raphael\u2019s list of patronages is perhaps the longest, and touches almost every aspect of human existence. He is considered the patron not only of bodily and mental illness and almost every conceivable field that treats them, but also of apothecaries, brides, newly married and engaged couples, lovers, matchmakers, happy meetings, travelers, pilgrims, sailors, those who suffer from nightmares, shepherds, and young people.", "This week, spend some time with the archangels in your prayers, and honor their feast by attending Mass on the 29th. Remember to give thanks for these unbelievably cool beings who are always looking out for us and helping us to grow into the people God meant for us to be!", "Tags Angels archangels saints", "Brooke Gregory", "Brooke Gregory is a writer, editor, and blogger deeply interested in feminism, social justice issues, Eastern patristics, and ecumenism. She is currently working on a novel and building a poetry portfolio.", "This Slave Became America\u2019s First African-American Priest" ] } ], "selected_contents": [ [ false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ] ] }, "timestamp": 1616077785 }, { "action": "Apprentice => Wizard", "text": "I wold love to go but it is too expensive for me and I am too old now. I will just join my neighbourhood tennis club", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077832 }, { "action": "Wizard => SearchAgent", "text": "rafael acadamy details", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077905 }, { "action": "SearchAgent => Wizard", "text": "", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.rafanadalacademy.com/en", "title": "Tennis Academy Mallorca Spain Europe Rafa Nadal", "content": [ "Museum Xperience", "RAFA NADAL TENNIS CENTRE", "However great your dedication is, you never win anything on your own Rafa Nadal", "The people that excel in life are those that persevere Rafa Nadal", "I always work with a goal, and the goal is to improve as a player and as a person Rafa Nadal", "Losing is not my enemy. Fear of losing is my enemy Rafa Nadal", "Don\u00b4t miss out on a place!", "THE PARADISE OF TENNIS", "JUNIOR & ADULT PROGRAMS", "NEW OPENING APRIL 2019", "10th - 16th March2019", "7th january to 3rd february 2019", "Work hard, have fun and make it happen", "This quote from Rafa Nadal symbolises the DNA of the Rafa Nadal Academy by Movistar which, thanks to a demanding tennis training programme and an American academic system, coaches the young players in the values, virtues and aptitudes of Rafa himself. If you want to improve your tennis and continue your studies, this is your Academy!", "The Rafa Nadal Academy by Movistar has designed an annual training methodology based on the enriching experience acquired through years of success on the professional tour. The prestigious team of coaches, headed by Toni Nadal himself, is responsible for training young players and preparing them for the tennis of the future. Would you like to form part of that future?", "The people that excel in life are those that persevere", "Come and enjoy our facilities!", "As well as having the modern and comfortable residency at the Rafa Nadal Academy by Movistar for junior players, the complex boasts a tourist sports centre with ideal accommodation.", "The RAFA NADAL MUSEUM XPERIENCE is more than just a museum. Along the 1.500 m2, you will have fun and compete with your friends, while you learn the values of sport.More info", "All clients of the Rafa Nadal Sports Center will enjoy a 3000m2 fitness center with the newest Technogym machinery and a wide variety of directed activities, all that in addition to a semi-Olympic pool and a kids pool where they will be able to practice diverse aquafitness activities.More info", "Don\u00b4t miss all the latest news from #RafaNadalAcademybyMovistar", "2018: Less was more", "The season has come to a close on an ATP Tour that produced plenty of feats and records, and in which as many as 13 players claimed their first titles.", "It s not easy to achieve so much with so little. That s the lesson we can learn from a season that saw Rafael Nadal at the top of the ATP ranking for 36 weeks in 2018, a year in which Roger Federer and Novak Djokovic also occupied the number one spot. In fact, the Spaniard only played in nine tournaments in the whole season, from which he gained enough points to finish as the world number two, the player with the most titles and a long list of new records, including surpassing 900 career victories.", "An untimely injury in the quarters of the Australian Open against Marin Cilic on his return to competition did not stop him from achieving plenty of success. The first came upon his return to the tour in Monte Carlo. There he lifted his eleventh crown, a feat he repeated in Barcelona and also at the French Open, making him the first player in history to not only win the same tournament eleven times, but also to do it at three different venues. He also racked up two ATP Masters 1000 in Rome and Toronto to become the player with the most titles in the category, with 33, ahead of Djokovic (32) and Federer (27).", "Nadal s five crowns were followed by four for Djokovic, Federer and Alexander Zverev. The German became the youngest Nitto ATP Finals champion since 2008 and proved that he is one of the young guns destined to take the baton from the Big 3, who today continue to dominate the ATP Tour. The Swiss, with eight weeks as the No. 1, and the Serb with the same haul, took turns at the peak of the rankings with Nadal, although it would be Djokovic who would finish looking down on the rest, the fifth time he has done so, leaving him one behind Pete Sampras record (6).", "However, 2018 will not only be remembered for Nadal s incredible records at Roland Garros, the Australian Open also bore witness to a big milestone. Federer claimed his 20th Grand Slam crown there, putting him three ahead of the Spaniard (17) who follows him in second position. Also, at 36 years and 173 days old, the Basel native became the third man in the Open Era to win four or more Grand Slams in his thirties, after Rod Laver (4) and Ken Rosewall (4).", "For his part, Djokovic took care of the final two Grand Slams of the year, Wimbledon after a frenetic semi-final against Nadal, where he won the fifth set 10-8, and the US Open, which he dominated to gain his 14th title in the category, equalling Sampras in third place of the all-time ranking. Argentinian player Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro was back in the mix in a Grand Slam in New York and reached his highest ever ranking at number 3 in the world.", "However, it was the USA who finished with the most representatives in the Top 100 of the ATP Ranking. Headed by John Isner, the remaining US players in the world elite were Steve Johnson, Frances Tiafoe, Taylor Fritz, Sam Querrey, Tennys Sandgren, Ryan Harrison, Denis Kudla, Bradley Klahn, Mackenzie McDonald and Reilly Opelka. Spain lie in second position with ten players, while France have a total of nine.", "Finally, this season saw nine new faces on the international winners list. A total of 13 players claimed a first trophy for their cabinet in 2018: Daniil Medvedev (Sidney), Mirza Basic (Sofia), Roberto Carball\u00e9s (Quito), Frances Tiafoe (Delray Beach), Marco Cecchinato (Budapest), Taro Daniel (Istanbul), Marton Fucsovics (Geneva), Mischa Zverev (Eastbourne), Matteo Berrettini (Gstaad) and Nikoloz Basilashvili (Hamburg), Yoshihito Nishioka (Shenzhen), Kyle Edmund (Antwerp) and Stefanos Tsitsipas (Stockholm).", "The 20-year-old Greek player also became the youngest champion of the season. He won the Next Gen ATP Finals, the tournament held in Milan for the best under-21 players on tour, which also included Jaume Munar, a player from the Rafa Nadal Academy by Movistar. The result means that Tsitsipas leads the next generation at number 15 in the world. He is accompanied in the world s top 30 by Denis Shapovalov (19 years old) and Alex de Minaur (19 years old).", "All of these stats made for another historic year in 2018.", "The Rafa Nadal Academy by Movistar celebrates its second anniversary with the opening of the Rafa Nadal Tennis Centre in Mexico", "To mark the second anniversary of its official inauguration, the Rafa Nadal Academy by Movistar has announced its consolidation, growth and future plans. Rafa Nadal made sure he was present at an event he spoke very positively about.", "\u201cThere is still a lot to do and work on but we are very happy with how things have gone in these last two years. We have managed to form a good team, we never stop working, and this is our mentality. Looking for things that make us be better, or at least this has been my daily goal in my tennis life and in the academy, we try doing it as well\u201d, Rafa said.", "Jaume Munar, nominated for the ATP 2018 awards", "After playing the best year of his sports career, Jaume Munar, the Rafa Nadal Academy by Movistar player has been nominated for the \u201cOutbreak of the year\u201d Award in the ATP circuit.", "Just over a year ago, Jaume Munar returned to his native land in Mallorca to continue his tennis training at the Rafa Nadal Academy by Movistar. \u201cArriving here was a radical turning point. Returning to Mallorca was a great change, not only professionally, but also on a personal level. Being close to my family motivated me the most and being near them has indirectly helped me professionally\u201d. When he arrived in Manacor, Jaume placed in the Top 250 of the ATP ranking ATP and after a passionate year, he has managed to reach the 79 position, a feat that the ATP has wanted to recognize by nominating him as the outbreak of the year 2018.", "#rafanadalacademy @rafanadalacademybymovistar", "Tweets by rnadalacademy", "Ctra. Cales de Mallorca s/n, Km 1,2, 07500", "Manacor, Illes Balears", "Mail:sales@rafanadalacademy.com", "\u00a9 2018 RAFA NADAL ACADEMY BY MOVISTAR. TODOS LOS DERECHOS RESERVADOS", "Advantages making your reservation with us", "M\u00e9todo exclusivode entrenamiento", "Trainning f\u00edsicoPersonalizado", "Entrenamiento mentalalto rendimiento", "[booking-slider-mask:popup, ]" ] }, { "url": "http://www.gateacademy.org/", "title": "GATE Academy Home", "content": [ "Giftedness >", "GATE: The right fit?", "Early Assessment Matters", "Afterschool Offerings", "The Gifted Journey", "The Marin School for Gifted Education", "Welcome to GATE", "GATE Academy is an inquiry-based school for kids who love fun. GATE students are deep, reflective thinkers who have a passion for figuring out, doing, and understanding. Our kids delight in exercising logic, spotting contradictions a mile away, and taking fantastic leaps of imagination. Inquiry-based education makes kids responsible for digging in\u2014from formatting questions and conducting research to analyzing data and content to being completely dialed into discussions and presentations. GATE students are engaged in their own learning.", "GATE students are creators of knowledge, not just consumers of facts", "Meeting other kids with like minds is the best part about our school. The GATE recipe is simple: Our students inspire each other. When we put intensely curious kids together, point them at a goal, and add guidance and options, an explosion of creativity and productivity results. Our students inspire each other. As Imagine author Jonah Lehrer quips, when ideas are shared, the possibilities do not add up\u2014they multiply.", "GATE Academy kids learn by doing, seeing, thinking, making and sharing.", "Speak to Sandy about registration", "GATE at a glance", "IS GATE ACADEMY RIGHT FOR MY CHILD?", "GATE Academy is a year-round day school dedicated to educating academically-gifted students in grades K\u20138 with an inquiry-based curriculum.", "We are located in San Rafael, California, 20 minutes north of the Golden Gate Bridge.", "Email or call us at 415 491-4700." ] }, { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Raphael-Italian-painter-and-architect", "title": "Raphael Biography Artworks Paintings Accomplishments", "content": [ "Italian painter and architect", "Alternative Titles: Raffaello Santi, Raffaello Sanzio, Raphael Sanzio", "Raphael, Italian in full Raffaello Sanzio or Raffaello Santi, (born April 6, 1483, Urbino, Duchy of Urbino [Italy]\u2014died April 6, 1520, Rome, Papal States [Italy]), master painter and architect of the Italian High Renaissance. Raphael is best known for his Madonnas and for his large figure compositions in the Vatican. His work is admired for its clarity of form and ease of composition and for its visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur.", "Early years at Urbino", "Raphael was the son of Giovanni Santi and Magia di Battista Ciarla; his mother died in 1491. His father was, according to the 16th-century artist and biographer Giorgio Vasari, a painter \u201cof no great merit.\u201d He was, however, a man of culture who was in constant contact with the advanced artistic ideas current at the court of Urbino. He gave his son his first instruction in painting, and, before his death in 1494, when Raphael was 11, he had introduced the boy to humanistic philosophy at the court.", "Urbino had become a centre of culture during the rule of Duke Federico da Montefeltro, who encouraged the arts and attracted the visits of men of outstanding talent, including Donato Bramante, Piero della Francesca, and Leon Battista Alberti, to his court. Although Raphael would be influenced by major artists in Florence and Rome, Urbino constituted the basis for all his subsequent learning. Furthermore, the cultural vitality of the city probably stimulated the exceptional precociousness of the young artist, who, even at the beginning of the 16th century, when he was scarcely 17 years old, already displayed an extraordinary talent.", "Apprenticeship at Perugia", "The date of Raphael\u2019s arrival in Perugia is not known, but several scholars place it in 1495. The first record of Raphael\u2019s activity as a painter is found there in a document of December 10, 1500, declaring that the young painter, by then called a \u201cmaster,\u201d was commissioned to help paint an altarpiece to be completed by September 13, 1502. It is clear from this that Raphael had already given proof of his mastery, so much so that between 1501 and 1503 he received a rather important commission\u2014to paint the Coronation of the Virgin for the Oddi Chapel in the church of San Francesco, Perugia (and now in the Vatican). The great Umbrian master Pietro Perugino was executing the frescoes in the Collegio del Cambio at Perugia between 1498 and 1500, enabling Raphael, as a member of his workshop, to acquire extensive professional knowledge.", "Resurrection of Christ, oil on wood panel by Raphael, 1499\u20131502; in the Museu de Arte de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. 52 \u00d7 44 cm. \u00a9 SuperStock", "In addition to this practical instruction, Perugino\u2019s calmly exquisite style also influenced Raphael. The Giving of the Keys to St. Peter, painted in 1481\u201382 by Perugino for the Sistine Chapel of the Vatican palace, inspired Raphael\u2019s first major work, The Marriage of the Virgin (1504). Perugino\u2019s influence is seen in the emphasis on perspectives, in the graded relationships between the figures and the architecture, and in the lyrical sweetness of the figures. Nevertheless, even in this early painting, it is clear that Raphael\u2019s sensibility was different from his teacher\u2019s. The disposition of the figures is less rigidly related to the architecture, and the disposition of each figure in relation to the others is more informal and animated. The sweetness of the figures and the gentle relation between them surpasses anything in Perugino\u2019s work.", "Three small paintings done by Raphael shortly after The Marriage of the Virgin\u2014Vision of a Knight, Three Graces, and St. Michael\u2014are masterful examples of narrative painting, showing, as well as youthful freshness, a maturing ability to control the elements of his own style. Although he had learned much from Perugino, Raphael by late 1504 needed other models to work from; it is clear that his desire for knowledge was driving him to look beyond Perugia.", "Saint Michael Overwhelming the Demon (also known as The Small Saint Michael), oil on wood by Raphael, c. 1505; in the Louvre Museum, Paris. 30 \u00d7 26 cm. \u00a9 Photos.com/Jupiterimages", "Move to Florence", "Vasari vaguely recounts that Raphael followed the Perugian painter Bernardino Pinturicchio to Siena and then went on to Florence, drawn there by accounts of the work that Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo were undertaking in that city. By the autumn of 1504 Raphael had certainly arrived in Florence. It is not known if this was his first visit to Florence, but, as his works attest, it was about 1504 that he first came into substantial contact with this artistic civilization, which reinforced all the ideas he had already acquired and also opened to him new and broader horizons. Vasari records that he studied not only the works of Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Fra Bartolommeo, who were the masters of the High Renaissance, but also \u201cthe old things of Masaccio,\u201d a pioneer of the naturalism that marked the departure of the early Renaissance from the Gothic.", "Still, his principal teachers in Florence were Leonardo and Michelangelo. Many of the works that Raphael executed in the years between 1505 and 1507, most notably a great series of Madonnas including The Madonna of the Goldfinch (c. 1505), the Madonna del Prato (c. 1505), the Esterh\u00e1zy Madonna (c. 1505\u201307), and La Belle Jardini\u00e8re (c. 1507), are marked by the influence of Leonardo, who since 1480 had been making great innovations in painting. Raphael was particularly influenced by Leonardo\u2019s Madonna and Child with St. Anne pictures, which are marked by an intimacy and simplicity of setting uncommon in 15th-century art. Raphael learned the Florentine method of building up his composition in depth with pyramidal figure masses; the figures are grouped as a single unit, but each retains its own individuality and shape. A new unity of composition and suppression of inessentials distinguishes the works he painted in Florence. Raphael also owed much to Leonardo\u2019s lighting techniques; he made moderate use of Leonardo\u2019s chiaroscuro (i.e., strong contrast between light and dark), and he was especially influenced by his sfumato (i.e., use of extremely fine, soft shading instead of line to delineate forms and features). Raphael went beyond Leonardo, however, in creating new figure types whose round, gentle faces reveal uncomplicated and typically human sentiments but raised to a sublime perfection and serenity.", "Madonna del Prato, oil on wood panel by Raphael, 1505; in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna. 1.1 m \u00d7 87 cm. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna", "\u201cMadonna and Child,\u201d black chalk and pen sketch by Raphael; in the Albertina, Vienna Courtesy of the Albertina, Vienna", "In 1507 Raphael was commissioned to paint the Deposition of Christ. In this work it is obvious that Raphael set himself deliberately to learn from Michelangelo the expressive possibilities of human anatomy. But Raphael differed from Leonardo and Michelangelo, who were both painters of dark intensity and excitement, in that he wished to develop a calmer and more-extroverted style that would serve as a popular, universally accessible form of visual communication.", "Last years in Rome", "Raphael was called to Rome toward the end of 1508 by Pope Julius II at the suggestion of the architect Donato Bramante. At this time Raphael was little known in Rome, but the young man soon made a deep impression on the volatile Julius and the papal court, and his authority as a master grew day by day. Raphael was endowed with a handsome appearance and great personal charm in addition to his prodigious artistic talents, and he eventually became so popular that he was called \u201cthe prince of painters.\u201d", "Raphael spent the last 12 years of his short life in Rome. They were years of feverish activity and successive masterpieces. His first task in the city was to paint a cycle of frescoes in a suite of medium-sized rooms in the Vatican papal apartments in which Julius himself lived and worked; these rooms are known simply as the Stanze. The Stanza della Segnatura (1508\u201311) and Stanza d\u2019Eliodoro (1512\u201314) were decorated practically entirely by Raphael himself; the frescoes in the Stanza dell\u2019Incendio (1514\u201317), though designed by Raphael, were largely executed by his numerous assistants and pupils.", "The decoration of the Stanza della Segnatura was perhaps Raphael\u2019s greatest work. Julius II was a highly cultured man who surrounded himself with the most illustrious personalities of the Renaissance. He entrusted Bramante with the construction of a new basilica of St. Peter to replace the original 4th-century church; he called upon Michelangelo to execute his tomb and compelled him against his will to decorate the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel; and, sensing the genius of Raphael, he committed into his hands the interpretation of the philosophical scheme of the frescoes in the Stanza della Segnatura. This theme was the historical justification of the power of the Roman Catholic Church through Neoplatonic philosophy.", "The four main walls in the Stanza della Segnatura are occupied by the frescoes Disputa and the School of Athens on the larger walls and the Parnassus and Cardinal Virtues on the smaller walls. The two most important of these frescoes are the Disputa and the School of Athens. The Disputa, showing a celestial vision of God and his prophets and apostles above a gathering of representatives, past and present, of the Roman Catholic Church, equates through its iconography the triumph of the church and the triumph of truth. The School of Athens is a complex allegory of secular knowledge, or philosophy, showing Plato and Aristotle surrounded by philosophers, past and present, in a splendid architectural setting; it illustrates the historical continuity of Platonic thought. The School of Athens is perhaps the most famous of all Raphael\u2019s frescoes, and one of the culminating artworks of the High Renaissance. Here Raphael fills an ordered and stable space with figures in a rich variety of poses and gestures, which he controls in order to make one group of figures lead to the next in an interweaving and interlocking pattern, bringing the eye to the central figures of Plato and Aristotle at the converging point of the perspectival space. The space in which the philosophers congregate is defined by the pilasters and barrel vaults of a great basilica that is based on Bramante\u2019s design for the new St. Peter\u2019s in Rome. The general effect of the fresco is one of majestic calm, clarity, and equilibrium.", "Raphael: School of AthensDetail from School of Athens, fresco by Raphael, 1508\u201311; in the Stanza della Segnatura in the Vatican. Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York", "About the same time, probably in 1511, Raphael painted a more secular subject, the Triumph of Galatea, in the Villa Farnesina in Rome; this work was perhaps the High Renaissance\u2019s most successful evocation of the living spirit of Classical antiquity. Meanwhile, Raphael\u2019s decoration of the papal apartments continued after the death of Julius in 1513 and into the succeeding pontificate of Leo X until 1517. In contrast to the generalized allegories in the Stanza della Segnatura, the decorations in the second room, the Stanza d\u2019Eliodoro, portray specific miraculous events in the history of the Christian church. The four principal subjects are The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple, The Mass at Bolsena, The Liberation of St. Peter, and Leo I Halting Attila. These frescoes are deeper and richer in colour than are those in the earlier room, and they display a new boldness on Raphael\u2019s part in both their dramatic subjects and their unusual effects of light. The Liberation of St. Peter, for example, is a night scene and contains three separate lighting effects\u2014moonlight, the torch carried by a soldier, and the supernatural light emanating from an angel. Raphael delegated his assistants to decorate the third room, the Stanze dell\u2019Incendio, with the exception of one fresco, the Fire in the Borgo, in which his pursuit of more dramatic pictorial incidents and his continuing study of the male nude are plainly apparent.", "The Madonnas that Raphael painted in Rome show him turning away from the serenity and gentleness of his earlier works in order to emphasize qualities of energetic movement and grandeur. His Alba Madonna (1508) epitomizes the serene sweetness of the Florentine Madonnas but shows a new maturity of emotional expression and supreme technical sophistication in the poses of the figures. It was followed by the Madonna di Foligno (1510) and the Sistine Madonna (1513), which show both the richness of colour and the new boldness in compositional invention typical of Raphael\u2019s Roman period. Some of his other late Madonnas, such as the Madonna of Francis I, are remarkable for their polished elegance.", "Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione, oil on canvas by Raphael, 1516; in the Louvre, Paris. 82 \u00d7 66 cm. Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York", "Portrait of Dona Isabel de Requesens, Vice-Reine of Naples, formerly Portrait of Jeanne d Aragon Raffaello, oil on canvas (18th century) transferred from oil on wood by Raphael and Giulio Romano, 1518; in the Louvre Museum, Paris. 1.20 x 0.95 m. \u00a9 Photos.com/Jupiterimages", "Besides his other accomplishments, Raphael became the most important portraitist in Rome during the first two decades of the 16th century. He introduced new types of presentation and new psychological situations for his sitters, as seen in the portrait of Leo X with Two Cardinals (1517\u201319). Raphael\u2019s finest work in the genre is perhaps the Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione (1516), a brilliant and arresting character study.", "Leo X commissioned Raphael to design 10 large tapestries to hang on the walls of the Sistine Chapel. Seven of the 10 cartoons (full-size preparatory drawings) were completed by 1516, and the tapestries woven after them were hung in place in the chapel by 1519. Those cartoons represent Christ\u2019s Charge to Peter, The Miraculous Draught of Fishes, The Death of Ananias, The Healing of the Lame Man, The Blinding of Elymas, The Sacrifice at Lystra, and St. Paul Preaching at Athens. In these pictures Raphael created prototypes that would influence the European tradition of narrative history painting for centuries to come. The cartoons display Raphael\u2019s keen sense of drama, his use of gestures and facial expressions to portray emotion, and his incorporation of credible physical settings from both the natural world and that of ancient Roman architecture.", "While he was at work in the Stanza della Segnatura, Raphael also did his first architectural work, designing the church of Sant\u2019Eligio degli Orefici. In 1513 the banker Agostino Chigi, whose Villa Farnesina Raphael had already decorated, commissioned him to design and decorate his funerary chapel in the church of Santa Maria del Popolo. In 1514 Leo X chose him to work on the basilica of St. Peter\u2019s alongside Bramante; when Bramante died later that year, Raphael assumed the direction of the work, transforming the plans of the church from a Greek, or radial, to a Latin, or longitudinal, design.", "Raphael was also a keen student of archaeology and of ancient Greco-Roman sculpture, echoes of which are apparent in his paintings of the human figure during the Roman period. In 1515 Leo X put him in charge of the supervision of the preservation of marbles bearing valuable Latin inscriptions; two years later he was appointed commissioner of antiquities for the city, and he drew up an archaeological map of Rome. Raphael had by this time been put in charge of virtually all of the papacy\u2019s various artistic projects in Rome, involving architecture, paintings and decoration, and the preservation of antiquities.", "Raphael\u2019s last masterpiece is the Transfiguration (commissioned by Giulio Cardinal de\u2019 Medici in 1517), an enormous altarpiece that was unfinished at his death and completed by his assistant Giulio Romano. The Transfiguration is a complex work that combines extreme formal polish and elegance of execution with an atmosphere of tension and violence communicated by the agitated gestures of closely crowded groups of figures. It shows a new sensibility that is like the prevision of a new world, turbulent and dynamic; in its feeling and composition it inaugurated the Mannerist movement and tends toward an expression that may even be called Baroque.", "Raphael died on his 37th birthday. His funeral mass was celebrated at the Vatican, his Transfiguration was placed at the head of the bier, and his body was buried in the Pantheon in Rome.", "Western architecture: High Renaissance in Italy (1495\u20131520)", "As completed by Raphael, there are two superimposed arcades with Tuscan and Ionic orders and a colonnade with Composite columns.\u2026", "Rome: The Esquiline", "\u2026years later, when the painter Raphael and his friends were let down on ropes to look, the style they imitated in decorating the Vatican loggias was called grottesche (see also grotesque).\u2026", "Raphael and Michelangelo were also outstanding draftsmen. Each of them used drawing in order to allow his thoughts about individual works to mature; each had a highly personal drawing style, the one with a soft and rounded stroke, the other with a sculptor\u2019s intermittent and\u2026", "tapestry: 16th century", "\u2026between 1514 and 1516 by Raphael (1483\u20131520). Little or no concession had been made to the tapestry medium for which the cartoons were intended, but the tapestries were a great success, and numerous copies of them were subsequently made.\u2026", "Renaissance art, painting, sculpture, architecture, music, and literature produced during the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries in Europe under the combined influences of an increased awareness of nature, a revival of classical learning, and a more individualistic view of man. Scholars no longer believe that the Renaissance marked an abrupt\u2026", "More About Raphael", "association with Sebastiano del Piombo", "In Sebastiano del Piombo", "Farnesina villa", "grottesche style", "In Rome: The Esquiline", "Palazzo Caprini residence", "In Donato Bramante: Roman period", "tapestry development", "In tapestry: 16th century", "Urbino majolica", "In Urbino majolica", "In Mannerism", "In mural: The High Renaissance", "In Western architecture: High Renaissance in Italy (1495\u20131520)", "The Catholic Encyclopedia - Biography of Raphael", "Web Gallery of Art - Biography of Raffaello Sanzio", "Raphael - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)", "Urbino, Italy", "\u201cSchool of Athens\u201d", "\u201cThe Liberation of St. Peter\u201d", "\u201cDisputa\u201d", "Stanza d\u2019Elidoro", "\u201cTransfiguration\u201d", "\u201cThe Marriage of the Virgin\u201d" ] }, { "url": "https://ccappeducation.org/index.php/academy-caarr-institute", "title": "CCAPP Academy Education", "content": [ "CCAPP Academy", "Search for CEU Providers", "Weekend classes to get you to your goal available now!", "CCAPP Academy is user-friendly, local access, and it s hands-on learning approaches it is famous for and will be expanding throughout the state offering more locations, a greater selection of classes and cutting edge curriculum to keep California counselors in the forefront of their profession.", "Join CCAPP s e-mail list to keep informed of new classes and locations: CCAPP Academy Mail List.", "Take a look at the locations and start times below to decide where you would like to take classes and when you would like to start.", "Download the Admissions Application Request by clicking here and fax, scan or mail it back to CCAPP.", "Review the CCAPP Academy 2018 Catalogue to see details about the program.", "You will be notified that your class is scheduled and will be sent forms to complete to complete your enrollment.", "Benefits of attending the CCAPP Academy:", "Great modular format - 56 Weeks in 336 hours (Click here to view class list)", "Classes designed to be interactive and keep you thinking!", "Mentoring and career assistance", "The security of knowing that your education will count toward certification - it isn\u2019t lost or wasted along the way", "The pride that comes with saying, \u201cI\u2019m a CADC!\u201d", "It s affordable - the cost of the 336 hour course is only $2,000. (Check or credit card only)", "Staff and Volunteers of CCAPP Program Members receive a $300 discount for the Alcohol and Drug Studies classes. Staff and Volunteers of CCAPP Program Members where the program pays for the Alcohol and Drug Studies classes receive a $500 discount.", "About the CCAPP Academy:", "The California Association of Addiction Recovery Resources (CAARR) established the CAARR Institute in 1978 to offer an alternative form of education for recovering people working in the alcohol and drug treatment profession. The CAARR Institute was renamed the CCAPP Academy in 2017.", "Many of these recovering people chose to work in programs providing peer leadership and experience after finding recovery themselves through participation in alcohol and drug programs. It was discovered that these individuals, who understood the process of recovery that worked for them, could improve their effectiveness by gaining knowledge and technical skills through education.", "The Academy was designed to be offered in a comfortable, less academic atmosphere in easily accessible locations. Instructors are recruited who have an in-depth understanding of the curriculum and can enlighten students with their vast experience in the field.", "As more research on recovery and addiction becomes available the curriculum is revised, edited, and expanded to meet the changing needs of students, programs, and the people they serve.", "Today the Academy has grown and is offered at locations throughout California, including suburban, urban, and rural communities. The geographic scope of the CCAPP Academy reaches from Imperial County in Southern California and as far north as Modoc County.", "The curriculum addresses a broad scope of information including but not limited to the areas of Core Competencies as developed in the CSAT TAP 21. Successful completion of the Academy fulfills the education.", "With weekend classes starting four times a year, the CCAPP Academy is the convenient and affordable way to obtain your goal of certification. You can do it... they did!", "The CCAPP Academy is BPPE Approved", "The CCAPP Academy was granted a significant approval from the State of California in 2012. An Approval to Operate was granted to CCAPP Academy by the Bureau for Private Postsecondary Education (BPPE).", "Approval or approval to operate means that the Bureau has determined and certified that an institution meets minimum standards established by the Bureau for integrity, financial stability, and educational quality, including the offering of bona fide instruction by qualified faculty and the appropriate assessment of students achievement prior to, during, and at the end of its program.", "The California Bureau for Private Postsecondary Education is a unit of the California Department of Consumer Affairs charged with regulation of private postsecondary educational institutions operating in the state of California. The agency s main focus is on identifying diploma mills and ensuring a high level of quality in California s Postsecondary schools.", "Current BPPE Report (Annual Accounting)", "Current BPPE Fact Sheet (How we did)", "Student Bill of Rights (CCAPP s promise to you)", "CCAPP Academy Flyer", "2014 BPPE Fact Sheet", "2012/2013 BPPE Annual Report", "2012/2013 BPPE Fact Sheet", "The CAARR Institute was perfect for me. I wanted to be with classmates and know my instructor. If I had questions, I got answers on the spot. I know I will be successful and will pass my test on the first try. I am so glad the CAARR Institute will live on as CCAPP Academy of the future.", "All Saturday Classes start dates:", "Sacramento Monday/Wednesday Class start dates:", "Sacramento Tuesday/Thursday Class start dates:", "New locations:", "Sacramento Monday/Wednesday", "Current CCAPP Academy Locations*", "Classes are scheduled according to enrollment. Sign up early to ensure that your location will be staffed.", "Do you want to become an instructor?", "Upload your current CV or resume to Kristina Padilla at [email protected] for more information." ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Nadal", "title": "Rafael Nadal Wikipedia", "content": [ "Nadal redirects here. For other people, see Nadal (surname).", "This article uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Nadal and the second or maternal family name is Parera.", "Toni Nadal (2005\u20132017)", "Francisco Roig (2005\u2013)", "Carlos Moy\u00e1 (2016\u2013)", "985\u2013200 (83.1% in ATP Tour and Grand Slam main draw matches, and in Davis Cup; 1st in the Open Era)", "No. 2 (3 February 2020)[1]", "137\u201374 (64.9% in ATP Tour and Grand Slam main draw matches, and in Davis Cup)", "W (2004, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2019)", "2008 Beijing Singles", "2016 Rio de Janeiro Doubles", "Last updated on: 10 February 2020.", "Rafael Rafa Nadal Parera (Catalan: [r\u0259f(\u0259)\u02c8\u025bl n\u0259\u02c8\u00f0al p\u0259\u02c8\u027ee\u027e\u0259], Spanish: [rafa\u02c8el na\u02c8\u00f0al pa\u02c8\u027ee\u027ea];[2] born 3 June 1986) is a Spanish professional tennis player currently ranked world No. 2 in men s singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).[3]", "Nadal has won 19 Grand Slam singles titles, the second-most in history for a male player, as well as a record 35 ATP Tour Masters 1000 titles, 20 ATP Tour 500 titles and the 2008 Olympic gold medal in singles. In addition, Nadal has held the world No. 1 ranking for a total of 209 weeks, including being the year-end No. 1 five times.[3] In majors, Nadal has won a record twelve French Open titles, four US Open titles, two Wimbledon titles and one Australian Open title, and won at least one Grand Slam every year for a record ten consecutive years (2005\u20132014). Nadal has won 84 career titles overall, including the most outdoor titles in the Open Era (82) and a record 59 titles on clay. With 81 consecutive wins on clay, Nadal holds the record for the longest single-surface win streak in the Open Era.", "Nadal has been involved in five Davis Cup titles with Spain, and currently has a 29-win streak and 29\u20131 record in singles matches at the event. In 2010, at the age of 24, he became the seventh male player and the youngest of five in the Open Era to achieve the singles Career Grand Slam. Nadal is the second male player after Andre Agassi to complete the singles Career Golden Slam, as well as the second male player after Mats Wilander to have won at least two Grand Slams on all three surfaces (grass, hard court and clay). He has received the tour Sportsmanship Award three times and has been named the ATP Player of the Year five times and the ITF World Champion four times. In 2011, Nadal was named the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year.[4]", "2 Professional tennis career", "2.1 2001\u20132004: Early career and Davis Cup title", "2.2 2005: First Grand Slam title", "2.3 2006: Second French Open title", "2.4 2007: Third French Open title", "2.5 2008: Two majors, Olympic gold, second Davis Cup, No. 1 ranking", "2.6 2009: Australian Open and Davis Cup titles", "2.7 2010: No. 1 ranking and Career Golden Slam", "2.8 2011: Sixth French Open title and Davis Cup crown", "2.9 2012: Seventh French Open title", "2.10 2013: Two major titles, back to No. 1", "2.11 2014: Ninth French Open title and injuries", "2.12 2015: Continued struggles and rankings drop", "2.13 2016: Second Olympic gold medal", "2.14 2017: Two major titles and year-end No. 1", "2.15 2018: 11th French Open title", "2.16 2019: Two major titles, year-end No. 1 and Davis Cup crown", "2.17 2020: ATP Cup final", "3.1 Nadal vs. Federer", "3.2 Nadal vs. Djokovic", "3.3 Nadal vs. Murray", "3.5 Nadal vs. Ferrer", "3.6 Nadal vs. Del Potro", "3.7 Nadal vs. Berdych", "5 Playing style and coaching", "6.1 Equipment and endorsements", "6.2 Court name", "6.4 Asteroid", "7 Off the court", "7.1 Rafa Nadal Sports Centre", "7.2.1 Fundaci\u00f3n Rafa Nadal", "7.2.2 Floods in Majorca", "7.2.3 Other charities", "7.3 Involvement in football", "9.2 Finals: 27 (19 titles, 8 runner-ups)", "9.3 Year\u2013End Championships performance timeline", "9.4.1 All-time tournament records", "9.4.2 Open Era records", "9.5 Professional awards", "Rafael Nadal was born in Manacor, a town on the island of Mallorca in the Balearic Islands, Spain, to parents Ana Mar\u00eda Parera and Sebasti\u00e1n Nadal Homar. His father is a businessman, owner of an insurance company, glass and window company Vidres Mallorca, and the restaurant, Sa Punta. Rafael has a younger sister, Mar\u00eda Isabel. His uncle, Miguel \u00c1ngel Nadal, is a retired professional footballer, who played for RCD Mallorca, FC Barcelona, and the Spanish national team.[5] He idolized Barcelona striker Ronaldo as a child, and via his uncle got access to the Barcelona dressing room to have a photo with the Brazilian.[6] Recognizing in Rafael a natural talent, another uncle, Toni Nadal, a former professional tennis player, introduced him to tennis when he was three years old.[7]", "At age 8, Nadal won an under-12 regional tennis championship at a time when he was also a promising football player.[8] This made Toni Nadal intensify training, and it was at that time that his uncle encouraged Nadal to play left-handed for a natural advantage on the tennis court, after studying Nadal s then two-handed forehand stroke.[8]", "At age 12, Nadal won the Spanish and European tennis titles in his age group, while also playing football.[8] Nadal s father made him choose between football and tennis so that his school work would not deteriorate entirely. Nadal said: I chose tennis. Football had to stop straight away. [8]", "When he was 14, the Spanish tennis federation requested that Nadal leave Mallorca and move to Barcelona to continue his tennis training. His family turned down this request, partly because they feared his education would suffer,[8] but also because Toni said that I don t want to believe that you have to go to America, or other places to be a good athlete. You can do it from your home. [7] The decision to stay home meant less financial support from the federation; instead, Nadal s father covered the costs. In May 2001, he defeated former Grand Slam tournament champion Pat Cash in a clay-court exhibition match.[5]", "Professional tennis career", "2001\u20132004: Early career and Davis Cup title", "Nadal turned professional at age 15,[9] and participated in two events on the ITF junior circuit. On 29 April 2002, at 15 years and 10 months, the world No. 762 Nadal won his first ATP match, defeating Ram\u00f3n Delgado,[10] and became the ninth player in the Open Era to do so before the age of 16.[11]", "In 2001, Nadal finished the year with a Challenger series record of 1\u20131 in singles with no titles or finals appearances. He did not participate in any doubles Challengers events. At ITF Futures, Nadal s record was 7\u20135 in singles and 1\u20132 in doubles, with no titles or finals appearances.[12]", "In 2002, aged 16, Nadal reached the semifinals of the Boys Singles tournament at Wimbledon, in his first ITF junior event.[13] In the same year, he helped Spain defeat the US in the final of the Junior Davis Cup in his second, and final, appearance on the ITF junior circuit.[13][14] Nadal s Challenger level record in 2002 was 4\u20132 in singles with no titles. He did not participate in any doubles Challengers events. Nadal finished the year with a Futures record of 40\u20139 in singles and 10\u20139 in doubles. He won 6 singles tournaments at this level, including 5 on clay and 1 on hard courts. He did not reach any doubles finals.[15][16] Nadal also entered the clay-court Mallorca Open, part of the ATP International Series, at the end of April as a wildcard, where he participated in both singles and doubles. In singles, Nadal won his first ever ATP match, defeating Ram\u00f3n Delgado in the Round of 32. He then was defeated in the Round of 16 by Olivier Rochus.[15] In doubles, Nadal and his partner, Bartolom\u00e9 Salv\u00e1 Vidal, were defeated in the first round by David Adams and Simon Aspelin.[17]", "Rafael Nadal singles-ranking history chart through January 2020", "Singles ranking composite history chart through January 2020 (Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic)", "In 2003, Nadal won two Challenger titles and finished the year ranked No. 49. He won the ATP Newcomer of the Year Award. In his Wimbledon debut in 2003, he became the youngest man to reach the third round since Boris Becker in 1984.[18] After Wimbledon Nadal participated at Bastad, where he lost to Nicolas Lapentti in the quarterfinals, and at Stuttgart, where he lost to Fernando Gonzalez in the Round of 32. Finally, at Umag, he lost to Carlos Moya in the semifinals. After playing two more Challenger level events, the last Challenger tournaments of his career, Nadal finished his 2003 campaign with three first round losses in ATP events.[12] Nadal also competed in seven doubles tournaments in 2003, and won his first ATP title (doubles or singles) at the clay-court Croatia Open in Umag, where he partnered with \u00c1lex L\u00f3pez Mor\u00f3n to defeat Todd Perry and Thomas Shimada in straight sets in the final.[19]", "2004 started with a doubles championship alongside Tommy Robredo at the Maharashtra Open.[20] In singles, Nadal reached the third round of the 2004 Australian Open where he lost in three sets against Australian Lleyton Hewitt. Later that year, the 34th-ranked 17-year-old played the first of many matches against Federer, then ranked No. 1, at the Miami Open, and won in straight sets,[21][22] before losing to Fernando Gonz\u00e1lez in the fourth round. He was one of the six players who defeated Federer that year (along with Tim Henman, Albert Costa, Gustavo Kuerten, Dominik Hrbat\u00fd, and Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych). He missed most of the clay court season, including the French Open, because of a stress fracture in his left ankle.[5] In August, Nadal won his first ATP singles title at the Prokom Open by defeating Jos\u00e9 Acasuso in the final in two sets.[23]", "Nadal, at 18 years and six months, became the youngest player to register a singles victory in a Davis Cup final for a winning nation.[24] By beating No. 2 Andy Roddick, he helped Spain clinch the 2004 title over the United States in a 3\u20132 win. He finished the year ranked No. 51.", "2005: First Grand Slam title", "Main article: 2005 Rafael Nadal tennis season", "At the 2005 Australian Open, Nadal lost in the fourth round to eventual runner-up Lleyton Hewitt. Two months later, he reached the final of the 2005 Miami Masters, and despite being two points from a straight-sets victory, he was defeated in five sets by No. 1 Roger Federer. Both performances were considered breakthroughs for Nadal.[25][26]", "He then dominated the spring clay-court season. He won 24 consecutive singles matches, breaking Andre Agassi s Open Era record of consecutive match wins for a male teenager.[27] Nadal won the Torneo Conde de God\u00f3 in Barcelona and beat 2004 French Open runner-up Guillermo Coria in the finals of the 2005 Monte Carlo Masters and the 2005 Rome Masters. These victories raised his ranking to No. 5[28] and made him one of the favorites at his career-first French Open. On his 19th birthday, Nadal defeated Federer in the 2005 French Open semifinals, being one of only four players to defeat the top-seeded player that year (along with Marat Safin, Richard Gasquet, and David Nalbandian). Two days later, he defeated Mariano Puerta in the final, becoming the second male player, after Mats Wilander in 1982, to win the French Open on his first attempt. He was the first teenager to win a Grand Slam singles title since Pete Sampras won the 1990 US Open at age 19.[5] Winning improved his ranking to No. 3.[28]", "Three days after his victory in Paris, Nadal s 24-match winning streak was snapped in the first round of the grass court Gerry Weber Open in Halle, Germany, where he lost to Alexander Waske.[29] He then lost in the second round of 2005 Wimbledon to Gilles M\u00fcller of Luxembourg. Immediately after Wimbledon, Nadal won 16 consecutive matches and three consecutive tournaments, bringing his ranking to No. 2 on 25 July 2005. Nadal started his North American summer hard-court season by defeating Agassi in the final of the 2005 Canada Masters, but lost in the first round of the 2005 Cincinnati Masters. Nadal was seeded second at the 2005 US Open, but was upset in the third round by No. 49 James Blake in four sets.", "In September, he defeated Coria in the final of the China Open in Beijing and won both of his Davis Cup matches against Italy. In October, he won his fourth ATP Masters Series title of the year, defeating Ivan Ljubi\u010di\u0107 in the final of the 2005 Madrid Masters. He then suffered a foot injury that prevented his competing in the year-ending Tennis Masters Cup.[30]", "Both Nadal and Federer won eleven singles titles and four ATP Masters Series titles in 2005. Nadal broke Mats Wilander s previous teenage record of nine in 1983.[31] Nine of Nadal s titles were on clay, and the remainder were on hard courts. Nadal won 79 matches, second only to Federer s 81. Nadal won the Golden Bagel Award for 2005, with eleven 6\u20130 sets during the year.[32] Also, he earned the highest year-end ranking ever by a Spaniard and the ATP Most Improved Player of the Year award.", "2006: Second French Open title", "Nadal missed the Australian Open because of a foot injury.[33] In February, he lost in the semifinals of the first tournament he played, the Open 13 tournament in Marseille, France. Two weeks later, he handed Roger Federer his first loss of the year in the final of the Dubai Duty Free Men s Open (in 2006, Rafael Nadal and Andy Murray were the only two men who defeated Federer). To complete the spring hard-court season, Nadal was upset in the semifinals of the Pacific Life Open in Indian Wells, California, by James Blake, and was upset in the second round of the 2006 Miami Masters.", "On European clay, Nadal won all four tournaments he entered and 24 consecutive matches. He defeated Federer in the final of the Masters Series Monte Carlo in four sets. The following week, he defeated Tommy Robredo in the final of the Open Sabadell Atl\u00e1ntico tournament in Barcelona. After a one-week break, Nadal won the Masters Series Internazionali BNL d Italia in Rome, defeating Federer in a fifth-set tiebreaker in the final, after saving two match points and equaling Bj\u00f6rn Borg s tally of 16 ATP titles won as a teenager. Nadal broke Argentinian Guillermo Vilas s 29-year male record of 53 consecutive clay-court match victories by winning his first round match at the French Open. Vilas presented Nadal with a trophy, but commented later that Nadal s feat was less impressive than his own because Nadal s winning streak covered two years and was accomplished by adding easy tournaments to his schedule.[34] Nadal went on to play Federer in the final of the French Open. The first two sets of the match were hardly competitive, as the rivals traded 6\u20131 sets. Nadal won the third set easily and served for the match in the fourth set before Federer broke him and forced a tiebreaker. Nadal won the tiebreaker and became the first to defeat Federer in a Grand Slam tournament final.[35]", "2006 French Open champion", "Nadal injured his shoulder during a quarterfinal match against Lleyton Hewitt at the Artois Championships, played on grass at the Queen s Club in London.[36] Nadal was unable to complete the match, which ended his 26-match winning streak. Nadal was seeded second at Wimbledon, and was two points from defeat against American qualifier Robert Kendrick in the second round before coming back to win in five sets. In the third round, Nadal defeated No. 20 Andre Agassi in straight sets in Agassi s last career match at Wimbledon. Nadal also won his next three matches in straight sets, which set up his first Wimbledon final, which was against Federer, who had won this tournament the three previous years. Nadal was the first Spanish man since Manuel Santana in 1966, to reach the Wimbledon final, but Federer won the match in four sets to win his fourth consecutive Wimbledon title.", "During the lead up to the US Open, Nadal played the two Masters Series tournaments in North America. He was upset in the third round of the Rogers Cup in Toronto and the quarterfinals of the Western & Southern Financial Group Masters in Cincinnati. Nadal was seeded second at the US Open, but lost in the quarterfinals to No. 54 Mikhail Youzhny of Russia in four sets.", "Nadal played only three tournaments the remainder of the year. Joachim Johansson, ranked No. 690, upset Nadal in the second round of the Stockholm Open. The following week, Nadal lost to Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych in the quarterfinals of the year s last Masters Series tournament, the Mutua Madrile\u00f1a Masters in Madrid. During the round-robin stage of the year-ending Tennis Masters Cup, Nadal lost to James Blake but defeated Nikolay Davydenko and Robredo. Because of those two victories, Nadal qualified for the semifinals, where he lost to Federer. This was Nadal s third loss in nine career matches with Federer.", "Nadal went on to become the first player since Andre Agassi in 1994\u201395 to finish the year ranked No. 2 in consecutive years.", "2007: Third French Open title", "Nadal started the year by playing in six hard-court tournaments. He lost in the semifinals and first round of his first two tournaments and then lost in the quarterfinals of the Australian Open to eventual runner-up Fernando Gonz\u00e1lez. After another quarterfinal loss at the Dubai Tennis Championships, he won the 2007 Indian Wells Masters, before Novak Djokovic defeated him in the quarterfinals of the 2007 Miami Masters.", "He had comparatively more success after returning to Europe to play five clay-court tournaments. He won the titles at the Masters Series Monte Carlo, the Open Sabadell Atl\u00e1ntico in Barcelona, and the Masters Series Internazionali BNL d Italia in Rome, before losing to Roger Federer in the final of the Masters Series Hamburg. This defeat ended his 81-match winning streak on clay, which is the male Open Era record for consecutive wins on a single surface. He then rebounded to win the French Open for the third straight year, defeating Federer once again in the final. Between the tournaments in Barcelona and Rome, Nadal defeated Federer in the Battle of Surfaces exhibition match in Mallorca, Spain, with the tennis court being half grass and half clay.[37]", "Nadal played the Artois Championships at the Queen s Club in London for the second consecutive year. As in 2006, Nadal was upset in the quarterfinals. Nadal then won consecutive five-set matches during the third and fourth rounds of Wimbledon before being beaten by Federer in the five-set final. This was Federer s first five-set match at Wimbledon since 2001.[38] In July, Nadal won the clay court Mercedes Cup in Stuttgart, which proved to be his last title of the year. He played three important tournaments during the North American summer hard court season. He was a semifinalist at the Masters Series Rogers Cup in Montreal before losing his first match at the Western & Southern Financial Group Masters in Cincinnati. He was the second-seeded player at the US Open, but was defeated in the fourth round by David Ferrer.", "After a month-long break from tournament tennis, Nadal played the Mutua Madrile\u00f1a Masters in Madrid and the BNP Paribas Masters in Paris. David Nalbandian upset him in the quarterfinals and final of those tournaments. To end the year, Nadal won two of his three-round robin matches to advance to the semifinals of the Tennis Masters Cup in Shanghai, where Federer defeated him in straight sets.", "During the second half of the year, Nadal battled a knee injury suffered during the Wimbledon final. In addition, there were rumors at the end of the year that the foot injury he suffered during 2005, caused long-term damage, which were given credence by coach Toni Nadal s claim that the problem was serious . Nadal and his spokesman strongly denied this, however, with Nadal himself calling the story totally false .[39]", "2008: Two majors, Olympic gold, second Davis Cup, No. 1 ranking", "Nadal began the year in India, where he was comprehensively beaten by Mikhail Youzhny in the final of the Chennai Open. Nadal then reached the semifinals of the Australian Open for the first time. Jo-Wilfried Tsonga defeated Nadal in the semifinal of 2008 Australian Open. Nadal also reached the final of the Miami Masters for the second time.", "During the spring clay-court season, Nadal won four singles titles and defeated Roger Federer in three finals. He beat Federer at the Masters Series Monte Carlo for the third straight year, capturing his Open Era record fourth consecutive title there.[40] Nadal then won his fourth consecutive title at the Open Sabadell Atl\u00e1ntico tournament in Barcelona. A few weeks later, Nadal won his first title at the Masters Series Hamburg, defeating Federer in a three-set final. He then won the French Open, becoming the fifth man in the Open Era to win a Grand Slam singles title without losing a set.[41] He defeated Federer in the final for the third straight year, but this was the most lopsided of all their matches, as Nadal only lost four games and gave Federer his first bagel since 1999.[40] This was Nadal s fourth consecutive French title, tying Bj\u00f6rn Borg s all-time record. Nadal became the fourth male player during Open era to win the same Grand Slam singles tournament four consecutive years (the others being Borg, Pete Sampras, and Federer).", "Nadal then played Federer in the final of Wimbledon for the third consecutive year, in the most anticipated match of their rivalry.[42][43] Nadal entered the final on a 23-match winning streak, including his first career grass-court title at the Artois Championships staged at the Queen s Club in London prior to Wimbledon. Federer had won his record fifth grass-court title at the Gerry Weber Open in Halle, and then reached the Wimbledon final without losing a set. Unlike their previous two Wimbledon finals, though, Federer was not the prohibitive favorite, and many analysts picked Nadal to win.[43][44] They played the longest (in terms of time on court, not in terms of numbers of games) final in Wimbledon history, and because of rain delays, Nadal won the fifth set 9\u20137 in near-darkness. (The 2019 final later broke the record of longest Wimbledon final.) The match was widely lauded as the greatest Wimbledon final ever, with some tennis critics even calling it the greatest match in tennis history.[45][46][47][48][49]", "By winning his first Wimbledon title, Nadal became the third man in the open era to win both the French Open and Wimbledon in the same year, after Rod Laver in 1969, and Borg in 1978\u20131980, (Federer later accomplished this the following year) as well as the second Spaniard to win Wimbledon. He also ended Federer s record streak of five consecutive Wimbledon titles and 65 straight wins on grass courts. This was also the first time that Nadal won two Grand Slam tournaments back-to-back.", "After Wimbledon, Nadal extended his winning streak to a career-best 32 matches. He won his second Rogers Cup title in Toronto, and then made it into the semifinals of the Western & Southern Financial Group Masters in Cincinnati. As a result, Nadal clinched the US Open Series and, combined with Federer s early-round losses in both of those tournaments, finally earned the world No. 1 ranking on 18 August, officially ending Federer s record four-and-a-half-year reign at the top.", "At the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Nadal defeated Fernando Gonz\u00e1lez of Chile in the final to win his first Olympic gold medal.[50]", "At the US Open, Nadal was the top-seeded player for the first time at a Grand Slam tournament. He did not lose a set during his first three matches, defeating qualifiers in the first and second rounds and Viktor Troicki in the third round. In the semifinals, he lost to Andy Murray. Later in the year in Madrid, Nadal helped Spain defeat the United States in the Davis Cup semifinals.", "At the Mutua Madrile\u00f1a Masters in Madrid, Nadal lost in the semifinals to Gilles Simon. However, his performance at the event guaranteed that he would become the first Spaniard during the open era to finish the year ranked No. 1.[51] Two weeks later at the BNP Paribas Masters in Paris, Nadal reached the quarterfinals, where he withdrew because of a knee injury.[52] The following week, Nadal announced his withdrawal from the year-ending Tennis Masters Cup in Shanghai, citing tendinitis of the knee. On 10 November, Nadal withdrew from Spain s Davis Cup final against Argentina, as his knee injury had not healed completely.[53]", "2009: Australian Open and Davis Cup titles", "Nadal s first official ATP tour event for the year was the 250 series Qatar Open in Doha, where he lost in the quarterfinals to Ga\u00ebl Monfils. Nadal also entered and won the tournament s doubles event with partner Marc L\u00f3pez, defeating the No. 1-ranked doubles team of Daniel Nestor and Nenad Zimonji\u0107 in the final. At the 2009 Australian Open, Nadal won his first five matches without dropping a set, before defeating compatriot Fernando Verdasco in the semifinals in the second longest match in Australian Open history at 5 hours and 14 minutes.[54] This win set up a championship match with Roger Federer, their first meeting ever in a hard-court Grand Slam tournament. Nadal defeated Federer in five sets to earn his first hard-court Grand Slam singles title,[55] making him the first Spaniard to win the Australian Open.[56]", "At the ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament in Rotterdam, Nadal lost in the final to second-seeded Andy Murray in three sets.[57] Although this knee problem was not associated with Nadal s right-knee tendonitis, it was serious enough to cause him to withdraw from the Dubai Championships a week later.[58] In March, Nadal helped Spain defeat Serbia in a Davis Cup World Group first-round tie on clay in Benidorm, Spain. Nadal defeated Janko Tipsarevi\u0107 and Novak Djokovic.[59][60] At the 2009 Indian Wells Masters, Nadal won his thirteenth Masters 1000 series tournament, defeating Murray in the final. The next ATP tour event was the 2009 Miami Masters. Nadal advanced to the quarterfinals, where he again faced Argentinian del Potro, this time losing the match.[61]", "Nadal began his European clay court season at the Monte Carlo Masters, where he defeated Novak Djokovic to win a record fifth consecutive singles title there.[62] He then won back to back titles in Barcelona and Rome Masters, defeating Ferrer and Djokovic respectively.[63][64] He then surprisingly lost the final of the Madrid Open to Roger Federer. This was the first time that Nadal had lost to Federer since the semifinals of the 2007 Tennis Masters Cup.", "By beating Lleyton Hewitt in the third round of the French Open, Nadal set a record of 31 consecutive wins at the French Open, beating the previous record of 28 by Bj\u00f6rn Borg. This run came to an end on 31 May 2009, when Nadal lost to eventual runner-up, Robin S\u00f6derling in the 4th round. This was Nadal s first and, until 2015, only loss at the French Open. After his surprise defeat in France, Nadal withdrew from the AEGON Championships. It was confirmed that he was suffering from tendinitis in both of his knees.[65] On 19 June, Nadal withdrew from the 2009 Wimbledon Championships, citing his recurring knee injury.[66] Roger Federer went on to win the title, and Nadal consequently dropped back to No. 2 on 6 July 2009.", "On 4 August, Toni Nadal confirmed that Nadal would return to play at the Rogers Cup in Montreal.[67] There, he lost in the quarterfinals to Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro.[68] With this loss, he relinquished the No. 2 spot to Andy Murray on 17 August 2009, ranking outside the top two for the first time since 25 July 2005.", "At the US Open Nadal fell in the semifinals, losing to eventual champion Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro.[69] At the World Tour Finals, Nadal lost all three of his matches against Robin S\u00f6derling, Nikolay Davydenko, and Novak Djokovic respectively without winning a set. In December, Nadal participated in the second Davis Cup final of his career. He defeated Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych in his first singles rubber to give the Spanish Davis Cup Team their first point in the tie. After the Spanish Davis Cup team had secured its fourth Davis Cup victory, Nadal defeated Jan H\u00e1jek in the first Davis Cup dead rubber of his career.", "Nadal finished the year as No. 2 for the fourth time in five years. Nadal won the Golden Bagel Award for the third time in 2009, with nine 6\u20130 sets during the year.", "2010: No. 1 ranking and Career Golden Slam", "Nadal began the year by participating in the Capitala World Tennis Championship in Abu Dhabi. In the final, Nadal defeated Robin S\u00f6derling in straight sets.[70] Nadal participated in the Qatar ExxonMobil Open ATP 250 event in Doha, where he lost in the finals to Nikolay Davydenko.[71][71] In the Australian Open, Nadal reached the quarterfinals, where he had to pull out at 3\u20130 down in the third set against Andy Murray.[72] After examining Nadal s knees, doctors told him that he should take two weeks of rest, and then two weeks of rehabilitation.", "Nadal reached the semifinals in singles at the BNP Paribas Open in Indian Wells, where he was defeated by Ivan Ljubi\u010di\u0107 in three sets.[73] After Indian Wells, Nadal reached the semifinals of the Sony Ericsson Open, where he lost to eventual champion Andy Roddick in three sets.[74] Nadal won the Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters, beating Fernando Verdasco in the final. With this win, Nadal became the first player in the open era to win a tournament title for six straight years.[75] Nadal next chose to skip the Barcelona tournament, and his next tournament was the Rome Masters. He defeated David Ferrer in the final for his fifth title at Rome. Nadal then won the 2010 Mutua Madrile\u00f1a Madrid Open, defeating Roger Federer in straight sets. The win gave him his 18th Masters title, breaking the all-time record. Nadal moved back to No. 2 the following day.", "Entering the French Open, many were expecting another Nadal-Federer final. However, Robin S\u00f6derling defeated Federer in the quarterfinals.[76] Nadal advanced to the final and defeated S\u00f6derling in straight sets. The victory marked the second time that Nadal had won the French Open without dropping a set.", "In June, Nadal entered the AEGON Championships, which he had won in 2008. He was defeated by compatriot Feliciano L\u00f3pez in the quarterfinals. At the Wimbledon Championships, he won his first two matches in straight sets. In the third round he needed five sets to defeat Philipp Petzschner. During the match Nadal was warned twice for allegedly receiving coaching from his coach and uncle, Toni Nadal, resulting in a $2,000 fine by Wimbledon officials.[77][78] He then defeated Andy Murray in the semifinals and Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych in the final to win his second Wimbledon title and his eighth career major title[79] just past the age of 24.[80]", "In his first tournament since Wimbledon, Nadal advanced to the semifinals of the Rogers Cup, where he was defeated by Andy Murray.[81] Nadal also competed in the doubles with Djokovic in a high-profile partnership between the world Nos. 1 and 2.[82] The pair lost in the first round to Milos Raonic and Vasek Pospisil. The next week, Nadal was the top seed at the Cincinnati Masters, losing in the quarterfinals to Marcos Baghdatis.", "At the 2010 US Open, Nadal reached his first final without dropping a set. In the final, he defeated Novak Djokovic in four sets, completing the Career Grand Slam for Nadal; he also became the second male after Andre Agassi to complete a Career Golden Slam.[83] Nadal s US Open victory meant that he also became the first man to win majors on clay, grass, and hard courts in the same year, and the first to win the French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open in the same year since Rod Laver in 1969.[84] Nadal s victory also clinched the year-end No. 1 ranking for 2010.[85]", "Nadal began his Asian tour at the 2010 PTT Thailand Open in Bangkok where he lost to compatriot Guillermo Garc\u00eda-L\u00f3pez in the semifinals. Nadal was able to regroup, winning the 2010 Rakuten Japan Open Tennis Championships in Tokyo by defeating Ga\u00ebl Monfils for his seventh title of the season. Nadal next played in the Shanghai Rolex Masters, where he lost to No. 12 J\u00fcrgen Melzer in the third round. On 5 November, Nadal announced that he was pulling out of the Paris Masters owing to tendinitis in his left shoulder.[86] On 21 November 2010, in London, Nadal won the Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Award for the first time.[87]", "At the 2010 ATP World Tour Finals in London, Nadal won all of his round-robin matches. In the semifinal, he defeated Murray in three sets, before losing to Roger Federer in the final.[88]", "2011: Sixth French Open title and Davis Cup crown", "Nadal started 2011 by participating in the Mubadala World Tennis Championship in Abu Dhabi. In the final, he won over Roger Federer. At the Qatar ExxonMobil Open, he fell in straight sets Nikolay Davydenko in the semifinals.[89] He and countryman L\u00f3pez won the doubles title by defeating Daniele Bracciali and Andreas Seppi.[90]", "In the quarterfinals of the Australian Open, Nadal suffered a hamstring injury against David Ferrer early in the pair s quarterfinal match and ultimately lost in straight sets, thus ending his effort to win four major tournaments in a row.[91]", "In March, Nadal helped Spain defeat Belgium in a 2011 Davis Cup World Group first-round tie in the Spiroudome in Charleroi, Belgium. Nadal defeated Ruben Bemelmans and Olivier Rochus.[92][93] At both the 2011 BNP Paribas Open and the 2011 Sony Ericsson Open, Nadal reached the final and lost to Novak Djokovic in three sets.[94][95] This was the first time Nadal reached the finals of Indian Wells and Miami in the same year.", "Nadal began his clay-court season by winning the 2011 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters with the loss of just one set. In the final, he avenged his defeat by David Ferrer in the quarterfinals of the Australian Open.[96] Just a week later, Nadal won his sixth Barcelona Open crown, again defeating Ferrer in straight sets. He then lost to Novak Djokovic in the Rome Masters and Madrid Open finals.[97] However, Nadal retained his No. 1 ranking during the clay-court season and won his sixth French Open title by defeating Roger Federer.[98]", "At Wimbledon, Nadal reached the final after three four-set matches. This set up a final against No. 2 Novak Djokovic, who had beaten Nadal in all four of their matches in 2011. After dropping the third set, Djokovic defeated Nadal in the fourth. Djokovic s success at the tournament also meant that the Serb overtook Nadal as world No. 1. After resting for a month from a foot injury sustained during Wimbledon, he contested the 2011 Rogers Cup, where he was beaten by Croatian Ivan Dodig in the quarterfinals. He next played in the 2011 Cincinnati Masters, where he lost to Mardy Fish, again in the quarterfinals.", "At the 2011 US Open, Nadal made headlines when after defeating David Nalbandian in the fourth round, he collapsed in his post-match press conference because to severe cramps.[99] He again lost in four sets to Novak Djokovic in the final. After the US Open, Nadal made the final of the Japan Open Tennis Championships. Nadal, who was the 2010 champion, was defeated by Andy Murray. At the Shanghai Masters, he was upset in the third round by No. 23 ranked Florian Mayer. At the 2011 ATP World Tour Finals, Nadal was defeated by Roger Federer and Jo-Wilfried Tsonga in the round-robin stage, and was subsequently eliminated from the tournament. In the Davis Cup final in December, he helped Spain win the title with victories over Juan M\u00f3naco and Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro.[100]", "2012: Seventh French Open title", "Nadal began his ATP World Tour season at the Qatar Open. In the semifinal he lost to Ga\u00ebl Monfils in two sets.[101] In the Australian Open Nadal won his first four matches without dropping a set. He then won in his quarterfinal and semifinal matches against Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych and Roger Federer respectively. In the final, on 29 January, he was beaten by Novak Djokovic in a five-set match that lasted 5 hours and 53 minutes, the longest Grand Slam final of all time.[102]", "Nadal made it to the semifinals in Indian Wells, where he was beaten in straight sets by eventual champion Roger Federer. He also made the semifinals in Miami, but withdrew because of knee problems.", "As the clay court season started, Nadal was seeded 2nd at the 2012 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters. In the final he topped No. 1 Novak Djokovic to win his 8th consecutive Monte Carlo trophy. This ended a streak of seven straight final losses to Djokovic. A day after the Monte Carlo final, Nadal traveled to Barcelona where he received a bye in the first round. His tremendous record on clay continued as he beat compatriot David Ferrer in a three-set final to clinch his seventh title in eight years at the Barcelona Open. At the Mutua Madrile\u00f1a Madrid Open Nadal surprisingly lost to Fernando Verdasco, whom he held a 13\u20130 record against. He heavily criticized the new blue-colored clay and threatened not to attend in the future if the surface was not changed back to red clay. Several other players such as Novak Djokovic voiced similar criticism.[103] In the last tournament before the French Open, Nadal defeated Djokovic in a tight straight set final. This was his second victory over Novak Djokovic in 2012 and his third title of the season, as well as his 6th Rome title overall.", "At the 2012 French Open, Nadal dropped only 30 games against his first five opponents. In the semifinals he dismantled Ferrer to set up another final against Novak Djokovic. This marked the first time two opposing players faced each other in four consecutive Grand Slam finals. Nadal won the first two sets before Djokovic claimed the third. Play was suspended in the fourth set due to rain. When the match resumed the following day, Nadal won when Djokovic double faulted on match point, sealing a record 7th French Open title for Nadal.[104] By winning his seventh title[105] at Stade Roland Garros, Nadal surpassed Borg s overall titles record[106] to become the most successful male player in French Open history.[107] Nadal lost a total of only three sets in the 2012 clay court season.", "As a warm-up ahead of Wimbledon Nadal played in Halle, losing to Philipp Kohlschreiber in the quarterfinals.[108] At Wimbledon, Nadal was upset in the second round by Luk\u00e1\u0161 Rosol in a close five-set match. This was the first time since the Wimbledon 2005 championships that Nadal had failed to progress past the 2nd round of a Grand Slam tournament.[109]", "In July 2012, Nadal withdrew from the 2012 Olympics owing to tendinitis in his knee, which subsequently led to him pulling out of both the Rogers Cup and the Cincinnati Masters. He later withdrew from the rest of the 2012 season, as he felt he still was not healthy enough to compete.[110][111] Nadal ended 2012 ranked No. 4 in the world, the first time in eight years that he has not been ranked 1st or 2nd at the end of the year.", "2013: Two major titles, back to No. 1", "Two weeks prior to the Australian Open, Nadal officially withdrew from the tournament citing a stomach virus.[112] Nadal s withdrawal saw him drop out of the ATP s Top Four for the first time since 2005.[113] Playing in his first tournaments in South America since 2005, Nadal made his comeback at the VTR Open in Chile,[114] where he was upset by Argentine No. 73 Horacio Zeballos in the final. At the Brasil Open, Nadal reached the final, where he defeated David Nalbandian.[115] In the title match of the Abierto Mexicano Telcel in Acapulco, Nadal defeated David Ferrer, losing just two games in the match.", "Nadal then returned to the American hard courts, playing the Indian Wells Masters as the fifth seed. He lost only one set, and defeated No. 2 Roger Federer and No. 6 Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych before beating Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro in the final. After withdrawing from Miami, Nadal attempted to defend his title at the Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters, but was beaten by Djokovic in straight sets. He then won his eight title at the Barcelona Open. Nadal went on to win the Mutua Madrid Open, beating Stanislas Wawrinka in the final.", "Nadal at the 2013 Mutua Madrid Open", "In May, he defeated Roger Federer for his 7th championship at the 2013 Rome Masters. These victories raised his ranking to No. 4.", "Nadal won the 2013 French Open after beating Novak Djokovic in the semifinal and David Ferrer in the final, breaking the record for the most match wins in the tournament in the process with his 59th match victory.[116] His match with Djokovic is widely considered one of the greatest clay court matches ever played, as Nadal came back from down a break in the fifth set to take out a hard-fought 4-hour, 37-minute victory. Nadal then lost his first-round match at the 2013 Wimbledon Championships in straight sets to unseeded Belgian Steve Darcis (ranked No. 135), the first time he had ever lost in the first round of a Grand Slam.", "In August, Nadal won a close semifinal match in Montreal, denying Djokovic his fourth Rogers Cup title.[117] Nadal proceeded to win the title after beating Milos Raonic in the final in straight sets.[118] He won his 26th ATP Masters 1000 in Cincinnati on Sunday 18 August after beating John Isner in the final.[119] Nadal concluded a brilliant North American hard court season with his 4th hard court title of the year, defeating Djokovic at the 2013 US Open final in four sets, bringing his Grand Slam count to 13 and giving him a male tennis record paycheck of $3.6 million.[120][121]", "Later in September, Nadal helped Spain secure their Davis Cup World Group Playoff spot for 2014, with a victory against Sergiy Stakhovsky and a doubles win with Marc Lopez. In October, he reached the final of the China Open, guaranteeing he would be back to the No. 1 ranking.[122] In the final, he was beaten by Djokovic in straight sets.[123] At the 2013 Shanghai Rolex Masters, he reached the semifinals but was defeated by Del Potro. In November, Nadal played his final event of the season in London at the 2013 ATP World Tour Finals where he secured the year-end No. 1 spot. He beat David Ferrer, Stanislas Wawrinka and Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych in the round robin stage to set up a semifinal victory over Roger Federer. Nadal met Djokovic in the final, losing in straight sets.", "2014: Ninth French Open title and injuries", "Rafael Nadal began his 2014 season at the Qatar Open in Doha, defeating Luk\u00e1\u0161 Rosol in the first round[124] and he won the title after defeating Ga\u00ebl Monfils in the final.[125]", "At the Australian Open, he defeated Roger Federer to reach his third Australian Open final. This marked Nadal s 11th consecutive victory in a Major semifinal, second only to Borg s all-time record of 14. In the final, he faced Stanislas Wawrinka, against whom he entered the match with a 12\u20130 record. However, Nadal suffered a back injury during the warm-up, which progressively worsened as the match wore on.[126] Nadal lost the first two sets, and although he won the third set, he ultimately lost the match in four sets. The first tournament he played after that was the inaugural Rio Open which he won after defeating Alexandr Dolgopolov in the final. However, at the Indian Wells Masters, Dolgopolov would avenge his loss, defeating Nadal in three sets in the third round. He reached the final of the Miami Masters, falling to Novak Djokovic in straight sets.", "Nadal began his clay court season with a quarterfinal loss to David Ferrer in the Monte-Carlo Masters. He was stunned by Nicolas Almagro in the quarterfinals of the Barcelona Open. Nadal then won his 27th masters title at the Madrid Open after Kei Nishikori retired in the third set of the final.[127] On 8 June 2014, Nadal defeated Novak Djokovic in the Men s Singles French Open final to win his 9th French Open title and a 5th straight win. Nadal equaled Pete Sampras total of 14 Grand Slam wins.[128] Nadal then lost in the second round of the Halle Open to Dustin Brown the following week.[129]", "Nadal entered the Wimbledon Championships in a bid to win the tournament for the third time. In the fourth round he was upset by Australian teenager Nick Kyrgios in four sets.[130] Nadal withdrew from the American swing owing to a wrist injury.[131] He made his return at the 2014 China Open but was defeated in the quarterfinals by Martin Klizan in three sets.[132] At the 2014 Shanghai Rolex Masters, he was suffering from appendicitis. He lost his opening match to Feliciano Lopez in straight sets.[133] Later, he was upset by Borna \u0106ori\u0107 at the quarterfinals of the 2014 Swiss Indoors. After the loss, he announced that he would skip the rest of the season to undergo surgery for his appendix.[134]", "2015: Continued struggles and rankings drop", "Nadal began the year as the defending Champion at the Qatar Open, but suffered a shocking three set defeat to Michael Berrer in the first round.[135] He won the doubles title with Juan M\u00f3naco. At the Australian Open, Nadal lost in straight sets to Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych in the quarterfinal, thus ending a 17-match winning streak against the seventh-seeded Czech.[136]", "In February, Nadal lost in the semifinals to Fabio Fognini at the Rio Open,[137] before going on to win his 46th career clay-court title against Juan M\u00f3naco at the Argentina Open.[138] Nadal then participated at the Indian Wells and Miami Open but suffered early defeats to Milos Raonic and Fernando Verdasco, in the quarterfinals and third round respectively.[139][140] Nadal then began his spring clay season at the Monte Carlo Masters and reached the semifinals where he lost to Novak Djokovic in straight sets.[141] After losing to Fognini again at the Barcelona Open quarterfinals,[142] Nadal entered the Madrid Open as the two-time defending champion but lost in the final to Andy Murray in straight sets, resulting in his dropping out of the top five for the first time since 2005.[143][144] He then lost in the quarterfinals of the Rome Masters to Stan Wawrinka in straight sets.[145]", "Nadal lost to eventual runner-up Djokovic in the quarterfinals of the French Open, ending his winning streak of 39 consecutive victories in Paris since his defeat by Robin S\u00f6derling in 2009.[146] Nadal went on to win the 2015 Mercedes Cup against Serbian Viktor Troicki, his first grass court title since he won at Wimbledon in 2010.[147] He was unable to continue his good form on grass as he lost in the first round of the Aegon Championships to Alexandr Dolgopolov in three sets.[148] Nadal s struggles continued when he lost in the second round of Wimbledon to Dustin Brown.[149]", "In the third round of the 2015 US Open, Nadal once again lost to Fognini, despite having won the first two sets.[150] This early exit ended Nadal s record 10-year streak of winning at least one major.", "2016: Second Olympic gold medal", "Nadal started the year winning Mubadala Title defeating Milos Raonic in straight sets. After that, he entered the Doha, Qatar, where he reached the finals, losing to Djokovic in straight sets. This was their 47th match, after which Djokovic led their head-to-head rivalry with 24 matches won. At the Australian Open, Nadal was defeated in five sets by compatriot Fernando Verdasco in the first round. The defeat marked his first opening round exit at the Australian Open.[151]", "In April he won his 28th Masters 1000 in Monte Carlo.[152] He went on to win his 17th ATP 500 in Barcelona, winning the trophy for the ninth time in his career.[153] He continued the clay court season in Madrid, falling to Murray in the semifinal.[154]", "The following week, Nadal played in Rome Masters where he reached the quarterfinal. Nadal was again defeated by Djokovic in straight sets, although he had a break advantage in both sets and served to win the second.[155]", "Following Federer s withdrawal due to injury, Nadal was named the fourth seed at the French Open.[156] On 26 May, he became the eighth male player in tennis history to record 200 Grand Slam match wins, as he defeated Facundo Bagnis in straight sets in the second round of the Slam.[157] Following the victory, however, Nadal had to withdraw from competition owing to a left wrist injury initially suffered during the Madrid Open,[158] handing Marcel Granollers a walk-over into the fourth round.[159] On 9 June, Nadal announced that the same wrist injury that forced him to withdraw from the French Open needed more time to heal, and that he would not play at the 2016 Wimbledon Championships.[160] At the Rio 2016 Olympics, Nadal achieved 800 career wins with his quarterfinal victory over the Brazilian Thomaz Bellucci. Partnering Marc L\u00f3pez, he won the gold medal in men s doubles event for Spain by defeating Romania s Florin Mergea and Horia Tecau in the finals.[161] This made Nadal the second man in the open era to have won gold medals in both singles and doubles. Nadal also advanced to the bronze medal match in the men s singles but was defeated by Kei Nishikori.", "At the US Open Nadal was seeded #4 and advanced to the fourth round but was defeated by 24th seed Lucas Pouille in 5 sets. The defeat meant that 2016 was the first year since 2004 in which Nadal had failed to reach a Grand Slam quarter-final.[162] He played the Shanghai Masters and was upset in the second round by Viktor Troicki. He subsequently ended his 2016 season to let his wrist recover.", "2017: Two major titles and year-end No. 1", "Nadal opened his season by playing at the Brisbane International for the first time, where he reached the quarterfinals before losing to Milos Raonic in three sets.[163] In the second round of the tournament, he defeated Mischa Zverev for the loss of just two games;[164] Nadal began the Australian Open with straight-set wins over Florian Mayer and Marcos Baghdatis, before more difficult wins over Alexander Zverev and Gael Monfils, which set up his first quarterfinal berth at a Grand Slam since the 2015 French Open. Nadal defeated Raonic and Grigor Dimitrov in the quarterfinal and semifinal, respectively (the latter lasting for five sets over five hours), to set up a final against Roger Federer, his first Grand Slam final since he won the 2014 French Open. Nadal went on to lose to Federer in five sets; this was the first time that Nadal had lost to Federer in a Grand Slam since the final of the 2007 Wimbledon Championships.", "Nadal made it to the final of Acapulco without dropping a set, but was defeated by big-serving Sam Querrey. In a rematch of the Australian Open final Nadal took on Roger Federer in the fourth round at Indian Wells but again lost to his old rival, this time in straight sets; it was their earliest meeting in a tournament in over a decade. In the Miami Masters, Nadal reached the final to again play Federer, and was once again defeated in straight sets.[165] Nadal then won his 29th Masters 1000 title in Monte Carlo; it was his tenth victory in the principality, the most wins by any player at a single tournament in the Open era.[166] Nadal won his 18th ATP 500 title in Barcelona without dropping a set, also marking his tenth victory in Barcelona.[167] Nadal next played in the Madrid Open, where he defeated Dominic Thiem to tie Novak Djokovic s all-time Masters record of 30 titles.[168]", "Nadal at the 2017 French Open where he won his 10th French Open title", "Nadal went on to beat Stan Wawrinka in straight sets and win a record tenth French Open title. This marked his first Grand Slam title since 2014, ending his three-year drought in Grand Slams.[169] Nadal won every set that he played in the tournament, dropping a total of only 35 games over his seven matches, which is the second-fewest by any male (second only to Bj\u00f6rn Borg s 32 dropped games at the 1978 French Open) on the way to a title at a Grand Slam tournament in the Open era with all matches being best-of-five-sets.[citation needed] The achievement, called La D\u00e9cima ( the tenth in Spanish), made Nadal the first male or female in the Open era to win ten titles from a single Grand Slam tournament, following similar achievements in Monte Carlo and Barcelona. Nadal also climbed to second on the all-time Grand Slam titles list, with 15 grand slam championships, putting him one ahead of Pete Sampras.[170]", "Nadal lost in the round of 16 at Wimbledon, 13\u201315 in the fifth set, to Gilles M\u00fcller.[171] He returned to competition in Montreal. He won his first match against Coric in straight sets but fell in the Round of 16 to Canadian teenager Denis Shapovalov. By 21 August, he retook the ATP No. 1 ranking from Andy Murray. Nadal earned his third US Open title against first-time Grand Slam finalist Kevin Anderson, winning the final in straight sets. This marked the first time that Nadal had captured two Grand Slam tournaments in a year since 2013, and the second time since 2010. Nadal extended his winning streak by winning the China Open, winning the final against Nick Kyrgios in straight sets.[172] On 11 September 2017, Nadal and Garbi\u00f1e Muguruza made Spain the first country since the United States 14 years ago to simultaneously top both the ATP and the WTA rankings, with Muguruza making her debut in the No. 1 spot.[173]", "After defeating Hyeon Chung in the second round of the Paris Masters Nadal secured the year-end No. 1. He became year-end No. 1 for the fourth time in his career, tying him for fourth all-time with Novak Djokovic, Ivan Lendl and John McEnroe, behind Pete Sampras (6), and Roger Federer and Jimmy Connors (5). By securing the year-end no. 1 ranking, Nadal became the first player aged over 30 to finish as year-end No. 1 and the first to finish in the top spot four years since he last achieved the feat; he also broke a number of other historical records, all of which he broke again in 2019.[174]", "2018: 11th French Open title", "Nadal began his 2018 season at the Kooyong Classic, where he lost to Richard Gasquet in the first round. He then played at the Tie Break Tens exhibition tournament in Melbourne, losing in the final to Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych. At the Australian Open, Nadal recorded straight-sets wins in the first three rounds, before notching a tougher four-set win against Diego Schwartzman in the fourth round. He faced Marin \u010cili\u0107 in the quarterfinal, but retired in the fifth set due to a hip injury.[175]", "On 16 February, Nadal dropped to the No. 2 ranking after 26 weeks at the top when his rival Roger Federer overtook him in points. Nadal withdrew from the Mexican Open, Indian Wells Masters, and Miami Open due to an injury. Despite his absence in Miami, he regained the No. 1 ranking on 2 April due to Federer s second-round loss. After recovering from injury, Nadal helped secure the Spanish Davis Cup team a victory over Germany in the quarterfinal of the World Group. He beat Philipp Kohlschreiber and Alexander Zverev in straight sets.[176]", "At the Monte Carlo Masters, Nadal successfully defended his title and won a record-breaking 31st Masters title, thus becoming the player with the most Masters 1000 titles in tennis history. It also marked his 11th title in Monte Carlo, as well as the 76th title in his career. Because he defended the points won the previous year, he kept his No. 1 ranking and began his 171st week as the world No. 1.[177] Nadal won in Monte Carlo without dropping a set, beating Kei Nishikori in the final. Nadal went on to win his 11th title in Barcelona, defeating Stefanos Tsitsipas in straight sets, becoming the first player in the open era to win 400 matches on both clay and hard.[178][179] The win marked his 20th ATP 500 series title, which put him back atop the list of most ATP 500 titles, tied with Roger Federer. It also marked his 14th consecutive season with at least one ATP 500 title.", "Fresh after achieving the Undecima at Monte Carlo and Barcelona, Nadal had to defend yet another title at Madrid. He reached the quarterfinals, defeating Gael Monfils and Diego Schwartzman in straight sets, to extend his record to 50 consecutive sets won on clay, starting from the 2017 French Open. His win over Schwartzman broke John McEnroe s record of 49 straight sets won on a single surface.[180] McEnroe had previously achieved the record on carpet in 1984. In a surprise, Nadal lost in straight sets to Dominic Thiem in the quarterfinals, ending his 21-match and record 50-set winning streaks on clay. He also relinquished his world No. 1 ranking to Federer in the process.", "At the Rome Masters, Nadal captured his 8th title in the Italian capital as well as his 78th career title, defeating Alexander Zverev in three sets, thus overtaking John McEnroe in the fourth place on the list of most titles won in the Open Era.[181] It was Nadal s 32nd Masters title \u2013 most of any player in the Open Era. With his victory in Rome, Nadal also regained the No. 1 spot from Federer.", "Then at the French Open, Nadal won his 17th Grand Slam title. This tied Margaret Court s record for singles titles at a Grand Slam event (Court won 11 Australian Opens, but seven came when it was the Australian Championships, an amateur event). En route to the title, Nadal dropped only one set, beating Dominic Thiem in the final in three sets.[182] Nadal became just the fourth man in the Open Era to win three or more major titles after turning 30.", "Going into Wimbledon, Nadal was ranked world number one, but was seeded second due to Wimbledon s seeding algorithm. He made it to the quarterfinals without dropping set. He then faced #5 seed Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro, who he defeated in five sets. In the semifinals he faced long-time rival Novak Djokovic, who was aiming to reach his first major final since the 2016 US Open. This match lasted 5 hours and 17 minutes, spread over two days, becoming the second-longest Wimbledon semifinal in history, second only to the match between Kevin Anderson and John Isner held earlier on the same day. Djokovic defeated Nadal in five sets with the fifth set being 10\u20138.[183] This was Nadal s first defeat in the semifinals of a major since the 2009 US Open, and his first ever defeat in the semifinals of Wimbledon. Despite this, Nadal achieved his best results at Wimbledon since 2011. This performance, combined with Roger Federer s unsuccessful title defense, ensured that Nadal retained the world number one ranking after the grass season.", "He then won the Rogers Cup, a record-extending 33rd Masters 1000 title.[184] This was Nadal s first Masters 1000 title win on hard court since 2013. He then withdrew from the Cincinnati Masters to prepare for the US Open. Nadal was the top seed during his title defense at the US Open. He first faced David Ferrer in Ferrer s last Grand Slam match, who retired due to injury during the second set. In his semi-final matchup against Juan Martin del Potro, Nadal retired after losing the second set 6\u20132 due to knee pain. On 31 October, he announced his withdrawal from the Paris Masters due to an abdominal injury and as a result Novak Djokovic replaced him as world No. 1.[185]", "2019: Two major titles, year-end No. 1 and Davis Cup crown", "Nadal was due to start his season at the 2019 Brisbane International, but withdrew shortly before his first match due to an injury. He was seeded second at the 2019 Australian Open, and recorded straight-sets wins against James Duckworth, Matthew Ebden, Alex de Minaur, Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych, first-time quarterfinalist Frances Tiafoe and first-time semifinalist Stefanos Tsitsipas to reach his fifth Australian Open final. This was the first time that Nadal had advanced to an Australian Open final without losing a set; he had also lost only two service games during this run, both in his first-round match against Duckworth. Nadal lost the final in straight sets to Novak Djokovic, winning only eight games for the match and marking Nadal s first straight-sets loss in a Grand Slam final. Nadal next played at the 2019 Mexico Open, where he reached the second round, losing to Nick Kyrgios in three sets despite having three match points in the third set.[186] Nadal withdrew from both Indian Wells and Miami due to a right hip injury.[187]", "Nadal began the clay season at the 2019 Monte Carlo Masters, reaching the semifinal, where he was defeated by eventual champion Fabio Fognini in straight sets.[188] He then competed in Barcelona (where he had won a record eleven titles), defeating Leonardo Mayer, David Ferrer and Jan-Lennard Struff, but lost to the eventual champion Dominic Thiem in straight sets. In Madrid, he had a bye in the first round and defeated Felix Auger-Aliassime, Frances Tiafoe and Stan Wawrinka, leading to his third clay-court semifinal of the year. He faced Stefanos Tsitsipas in the semifinal, where he lost in three sets.[189] He won his first tournament of the year in Rome, with a three-set win over Djokovic in the final.[190] At the 2019 French Open, Nadal defeated Yannick Hanfmann, Yannick Maden, David Goffin, Juan Ignacio Londero, Kei Nishikori and Roger Federer (their first meeting at the tournament since 2011), dropping only one set along the way, to set up his twelfth French Open final. In a rematch of the previous year s final against Thiem, Nadal prevailed in four sets to claim his record-extending twelfth French Open title.[191] In doing so, he broke Margaret Court s all-time record of eleven singles titles won at a single Grand Slam event.[192]", "Nadal next played at the 2019 Wimbledon Championships and, like the previous year, reached the semifinals, where he faced Federer at Wimbledon for the first time since the 2008 Wimbledon final, a match regarded by some as the greatest in the history of tennis. Nadal lost the semifinal in four sets.[193] At the Rogers Cup, Nadal was the defending champion and top seed. By defeating Fabio Fognini in the quarterfinals, he took over the record for the highest number of Masters 1000 match wins of any active player, surpassing Roger Federer s previous record of 378 victories.[194] In the semifinals, he received a walkover over Ga\u00ebl Monfils, and in the final, he yielded just three games to Daniil Medvedev, winning in straight sets. This victory marked the first time he achieved a title defence on a surface other than clay.[195] For the second year in a row, Nadal withdrew from Cincinnati Masters afterwards to focus on his US Open preparations.[196] At the 2019 US Open, Nadal lost only one set (against Marin \u010cili\u0107) en route to the final, which he won against Daniil Medvedev in five sets. In doing so, Nadal claimed his fourth US Open title and 19th Grand Slam title (placing him only one behind Roger Federer in overall standings), won his first five-set Grand Slam final since the 2009 Australian Open final, and completed his second-best season in terms of Grand Slam singles results.[197] At Paris Masters, Nadal reached semi-final stage of the tournament, but pulled out due to an abdominal injury.[198]", "At the 2019 ATP Finals, Nadal played in the Andre Agassi group and defeated Tsitsipas and Medvedev in the round-robin stage, but it was not enough to progress to the semifinals.[199] Despite his elimination, Nadal secured the year-end no. 1 ranking when Djokovic was also eliminated in the round-robin stage. This was Nadal s fifth time as the year-end no. 1 player, drawing level with Jimmy Connors, Federer and Djokovic behind Pete Sampras (six), and in doing so, he broke a number of the records he set in 2017:[200]", "At the age of 33, Nadal is the oldest person to finish as year-end no. 1 player.", "Nadal became the first player to hold, lose and regain the year-end no. 1 ranking on four occasions.", "Nadal became the first player to finish as the year-end no. 1 five times in non-consecutive years.", "The eleven-year gap between Nadal s first year-end no. 1 season (2008) and his last (2019) is also a record.", "At the 2019 Davis Cup Finals, Nadal helped Spain win its sixth Davis Cup title. Nadal won all eight of his matches in singles and doubles, extending his winning streak in Davis Cup singles matches to 29 (29\u20131 record overall) without dropping a set or losing a game on serve;[201][202][203] he also won the tournament s most valuable player award.[203]", "2020: ATP Cup final", "Nadal began his 2020 season by playing at the inaugural 2020 ATP Cup and helped Spain reach the final where they lost to Serbia, with Nadal losing to Djokovic in straight sets.[204] Nadal then played at the 2020 Australian Open and won his first three matches in straight sets against Hugo Dellien, Federico Delbonis and Pablo Carre\u00f1o Busta. In the fourth round, he defeated Nick Kyrgios in four sets and reached the quarterfinals where he lost to Dominic Thiem in four sets.[205]", "See also: Big Four (tennis)", "Nadal vs. Federer", "Main article: Federer\u2013Nadal rivalry", "Roger Federer and Nadal have been playing each other since 2004, and their rivalry is a significant part of both men s careers.[45][206][207] They held the top two rankings on the ATP Tour from July 2005 to 14 August 2009,[208] and again from 11 September 2017 to 15 October 2018. They are the only pair of men to have ever finished four consecutive calendar years at the top.[209][210] Nadal ascended to No. 2 in July 2005 and held this spot for a record 160 consecutive weeks before surpassing Federer in August 2008.[211]", "They have played 40 times. Nadal leads 24\u201316 overall and 10\u20134 in Grand Slam tournaments. Nadal has a winning record on clay (14\u20132) and outdoor hard courts (8\u20136), while Federer leads the indoor hard courts 5\u20131 and grass 3\u20131.[212]", "As tournament seedings are based on rankings, 24 of their matches have been in tournament finals, including an all-time record nine Grand Slam tournament finals.[213] From 2006 to 2008, they played in every French Open and Wimbledon final, and also met in the title match of the 2009 Australian Open, the 2011 French Open and the 2017 Australian Open.[213] Nadal won six of the nine, losing the first two Wimbledon finals. Four of these matches were five-set matches (2007 and 2008 Wimbledon, 2009 and 2017 Australian Open), and the 2008 Wimbledon final has been lauded as the greatest match ever by many long-time tennis analysts.[46][214][215][216] Nadal is the only player who has competed and won against Federer in the final of a Grand Slam on all three surfaces (grass, hard, and clay).", "Main article: Djokovic\u2013Nadal rivalry", "Nadal and Djokovic in Rome 2016", "Novak Djokovic and Nadal have met 55 times (more than any other pair in the Open Era) and Nadal leads 9\u20136 at the Grand Slams and trails 26\u201329 overall.[117][217][218] Nadal leads on clay 17\u20137, while Djokovic leads on hard courts 20\u20137, and they are tied on grass 2\u20132.[117][218] In 2009, this rivalry was listed as the third greatest of the previous 10 years by ATPworldtour.com.[219] Djokovic is one of only two players to have at least ten match wins against Nadal (the other being Federer) and the only person to defeat Nadal seven consecutive times, and two times consecutively on clay. The two earlier shared the record for the longest match played in a best of three sets (4 hours and 3 minutes) at the 2009 Mutua Madrid Open semifinals until the match between Roger Federer and Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro in the London 2012 Olympics Semifinal, which lasted 4 hours and 26 minutes.[220][221] They have also played in a record 13 Masters Series finals.", "In the 2011 Wimbledon final, Djokovic won in four sets for his first Grand Slam final victory over Nadal.[222] Djokovic also defeated Nadal in the 2011 US Open Final. In 2012, Djokovic defeated Nadal in the Australian Open final for a third consecutive Grand Slam final win over Nadal. This is the longest Grand Slam tournament final in Open era history at 5 hours, 53 minutes.[223] Nadal won their last three 2012 meetings in the final of the Monte Carlo Masters, Rome Masters and French Open in April, May, and June 2012, respectively.[224] In 2013, Djokovic defeated Nadal in straight sets in the final at Monte Carlo, ending Nadal s record eight consecutive titles there, but Nadal got revenge at the French Open in an epic five-setter 9\u20137 in the fifth. In August 2013, Nadal won in Montreal, denying Djokovic his fourth Rogers Cup title.[117] Nadal also defeated Djokovic in the 2013 US Open Final.", "Nadal defeated Djokovic in the 2014 French Open final. Since the 2014 French Open Final, Djokovic has won seven consecutive meetings including a win in straight sets in the quarterfinals of the 2015 French Open which ended Nadal s 39-match win streak at Stade Roland Garros and an opportunity for a sixth consecutive title, with Djokovic becoming only the second player after Robin S\u00f6derling to defeat Nadal at the event. Nadal easily defeated Djokovic in the 2017 Madrid Open semifinals (6\u20132, 6\u20134), his first victory against the Serb since the 2014 French Open. When they next met Nadal beat Djokovic again, this time on clay in the 2018 Rome semifinals. They then met in the 2018 Wimbledon semifinals, where Djokovic finally emerged victorious after a battle lasting over five hours that was spread over two days and went to 10\u20138 in the fifth set. Then in the 2019 Australian Open final, Djokovic easily won in straight sets, marking Nadal s first straight-sets loss in a Grand Slam final. But in the 2019 Rome Masters final, it was Nadal who defeated the Serbian in three sets, and also the very first time in which either of them (Nadal) got a 6\u20130 win in a set.", "Nadal vs. Murray", "Nadal and Andy Murray have met on 24 occasions since 2007, with Nadal leading 17\u20137. Nadal leads 7\u20132 on clay, 3\u20130 on grass, and 7\u20135 on hard courts (including 4\u20134 on outdoor courts, but Nadal leads 3\u20131 on indoor hard courts), but trails 1\u20133 in finals. The pair once met regularly at Grand Slam level, with nine out of their 23 meetings coming in Grand Slams, with Nadal leading 7\u20132 (3\u20130 at Wimbledon, 2\u20130 at the French Open, 1\u20131 at the Australian Open, and 1\u20131 at the US Open).[225] Seven of these nine appearances have been in quarterfinals and semifinals, making the rivalry an important part of both men s careers. Nadal defeated Murray in three consecutive Grand Slam semifinals in 2011 from the French Open to the US Open. They have never met in a Grand Slam final, but Murray leads 3\u20131 in ATP finals, with Nadal winning at Indian Wells in 2009[226] and Murray winning in Rotterdam the same year,[227] Tokyo[228] in 2011, and Madrid in 2015.", "Nadal and Stan Wawrinka have met 20 times, with Nadal leading 17\u20133 (85.0%). Although this rivalry has less significance than rivalries with the other members of the Big Four, the pair have met in several prestigious tournaments. The rivalry saw Nadal winning the first 12 encounters, all in straight sets, including 2 finals, one of which is a Masters 1000 final at Madrid in 2013. However, since Wawrinka s breakthrough season in 2013 the pair has won an almost equal number of matches against each other (3\u20134) from 2014 onward.[229] Wawrinka scored his first win against Nadal in their most important encounter, the 2014 Australian Open final in 4 sets, denying Nadal s double career slam. It was also the only match between the pair not resulting in a straight set win for either player. Nadal won their second Grand Slam final, at the 2017 French Open.[230]", "Nadal vs. Ferrer", "Nadal and compatriot David Ferrer met a total of 32 times, with the total record ending 26\u20136 (81.3%) in favor of Nadal with Ferrer s retirement. Nadal and Ferrer had met in several prestigious tournaments and important matches. Ferrer won their first meeting in 2004 in Stuttgart in 3 sets, but Nadal went on to win the next four until Ferrer defeated him in the 4th round of the 2007 US Open. The pair met in their first tournament final in 2008, in Barcelona, where Nadal won in three sets. They met a year later again in the Barcelona final, with Nadal taking the title in straight sets. In 2010, the pair met in their first Masters 1000 final in Rome, where Nadal won in straight sets. Ferrer, however, would get his revenge in the 2011 Australian Open quarterfinal, defeating Nadal in straight sets for the first time in a grand slam.", "Their biggest meeting, came in the 2013 French Open final. Ferrer was in his first major final, whereas Nadal was aiming for his 8th title at Roland Garros, and 13th overall. It was a straightforward victory for Nadal, 6\u20133, 6\u20132, 6\u20133. Between that meeting and 2015, Ferrer and Nadal would go on to play 6 more matches, with Nadal winning 4 of the 6.", "In 2018, Ferrer announced that the US Open would be his last Grand Slam tournament, and he would retire the next year in the clay court season in Spain. Nadal and Ferrer had their first meeting since 2015 in the first round in the US Open. Ferrer s final grand slam match, however, ended in injury as he was forced to retire in the 2nd set against Nadal. Yet, in his second to last tournament in Barcelona, he would have one more meeting with Nadal. Although it was a straight sets victory it was a close match until the end, with the resilient Ferrer fighting until the last point. The overall score was 6\u20133, 6\u20133 in the final match between the two before Ferrer s retirement at the 2019 Madrid Open.", "Nadal vs. Del Potro", "Nadal and Juan Martin del Potro have met 17 times, with Nadal leading 11\u20136 (64.7%). Outside the Big 4, no active player has more wins against Nadal than Del Potro. The two have met in many prestigious tournaments, including at 3 of the 4 grand slams. Nadal won their first four meetings between 2007\u201309, however Del Potro went on to win the next three, including a straight sets victory at the 2009 US Open SF (he later went on to win the tournament after defeating Roger Federer in the final. Their next major meeting came during the 2011 Davis Cup final. Nadal went on to beat Del Potro in 4 sets to claim the Davis Cup for Spain, their fourth since 2004. Nadal in 2013 also denied Del Potro his first Masters 1000 title, with a victory in 3 sets at the 2013 Indian Wells Masters. However, Del Potro got his revenge, and had one of his most important victories against Nadal in the SF of the 2016 Summer Olympics, beating him in three close sets (culminating with a tie break). Del Potro went on to claim the silver medal.", "After a long span of injuries with both players, the pair met in a Grand Slam for the first time since the R16 at Wimbledon in 2011 at the 2017 US Open. Del Potro, facing Nadal after a victory in 4 sets against Federer, made it to the SF of a Grand Slam for the first time since 2013. However, the Spaniard got the better of him in that encounter, beating Del Potro in 4 sets. The pair then met in 3 of the 4 grand slam events in 2018, including a memorable match at the 2018 Wimbledon QF. The match went on for close to 5 hours, with Nadal coming out on top, 7\u20135, 6\u20137, 4\u20136, 6\u20134, 6\u20134. The pair had another meeting at the 2018 US Open, during which Nadal was forced to retire against Del Potro in the SF. Del Potro then went on to his first grand slam final since his victory in the 2009 US Open. He ended up losing in the final in straight sets to Novak Djokovic.", "Nadal vs. Berdych", "Nadal and Tomas Berdych have met a total of 24 times, with Nadal leading 20\u20134 (83.3%). Although this rivalry is lopsided mostly in favor of Nadal, the two have had some incredible matches in many prestigious tournaments. The pair have met at 2 of the 4 grand slams, with 3 meetings at the Australian Open and twice at Wimbledon, including the 2010 final. Nadal and Berdych first met in an ATP tournament in B\u00e5stad, where both men reached the final. Nadal won the match in 3 sets, in what was only his 8th title on the tour. Nadal and Berdych met a few more times in 2005-06, all in Masters 1000 tournaments. Out of their 4 matches, Berdych was able to win in 3, in Canada, Madrid, and Cincinnati. Their first meeting in a Grand Slam came at Wimbledon in 2007. They met in the QF, where Nadal defeated Berdych in straight sets. Their next significant meeting was in the opening round of the 2009 Davis Cup Final, where Nadal again defeated Berdych in straight sets. Spain went on to win the Davis Cup that year.", "Their next meeting in a final came at a Grand Slam, in Wimbledon. Nadal had reached his 4th Wimbledon final, in an attempt to win his second title. Berdych had reached his first Grand Slam final, defeating Roger Federer in 4 sets in the quarterfinal and Novak Djokovic in straight sets in the SF. However the Spaniard was too good for the Czech in the final, and Nadal won in straight sets to take his 11th Grand Slam title. Their next meeting in a Grand Slam came only two years later in the 2012 Australian Open quarterfinal, where Nadal won in 4 tight sets. Nadal would later go on to lose the final to Djokovic in 5 sets. After multiple meetings from 2012-2014, all of which were won by Nadal, the pair met again at the 2015 Australian Open quarterfinal. Here, after 18 straight losses over 9 years, Berdych was able to claim a win over Nadal, and his only in a Grand Slam against the Spaniard. Berdych won the match in straight sets, including a bagel (6-0) in the second. The two met later in 2015 in Madrid, where Nadal won in straight sets.", "After a long gap of 4 years, Nadal and Berdych met most recently at the 2019 Australian Open R16. After both players had prematurely ended their 2018 seasons with injuries, both had been playing very well in the 2019 season up to that point, with Berdych reaching the final in Doha. However, like many of their meetings, Nadal dominated the Czech and beat him in straight sets. He later went on to make the final, where he lost in straight sets to Novak Djokovic.", "Nadal stands alone in the Open Era as the player with the most clay court titles (59), and holds an all-time record of 12 French Opens, 11 Monte-Carlo Masters and 11 Barcelona titles. He also stands alone with the longest single surface win streak in matches (clay courts, 81) and in sets (clay courts, 50) in the history of the Open Era. Due to these achievements, many have called Nadal The King of Clay ,[a] and he is widely regarded as the greatest clay-court player in history.[b] His evolution into an all-court champion has established him as one of the best players of all time.[c]", "Playing style and coaching", "Nadal s playing style and personality can be summarised by Jimmy Connors: He s built out of a mold that I think I came from also, that you walk out there, you give everything you have from the very first point to the end no matter what the score. And you re willing to lay it all out on the line and you re not afraid to let the people see that.", "Former ATP world no. 1 and coach of Nadal, Carlos Moya, remembers the first time he played Nadal in Germany, when he was 22 and Rafa was just 12. He shared the account in the book Facing Nadal by Scoop Malimowski: I met him for the first time in Stuttgart. He was playing an under 12s and I was playing the Masters event. We actually played that day and he was twelve and I was twenty-two. I think he was a very great player under twelve, he was very shy off court. But then we saw something different on court. But he was very hungry to play and compete and that\u2019s something you could see right away.\u201d [261]", "Nadal generally plays an aggressive, behind-the-baseline game founded on heavy topspin groundstrokes, consistency, speedy footwork and tenacious court coverage, thus making him an aggressive counterpuncher.[262] Known for his athleticism and speed around the court, Nadal is an excellent defender[263] who hits well on the run, constructing winning plays from seemingly defensive positions. He also plays very fine dropshots, which work especially well because his heavy topspin often forces opponents to the back of the court.[264]", "Nadal at the Monte Carlo Masters in 2007", "Nadal employs a semi-western grip forehand, often with a lasso-whip follow-through, where his left arm hits through the ball and finishes above his left shoulder \u2013 as opposed to a more traditional finish across the body or around his opposite shoulder.[265][266] Nadal s forehand groundstroke form allows him to hit shots with heavy topspin \u2013 more so than many of his contemporaries.[267]", "San Francisco tennis researcher John Yandell used a high-speed video camera and special software to count the average number of revolutions of a tennis ball hit full force by Nadal. Yandell concluded:", "The first guys we did were Sampras and Agassi. They were hitting forehands that in general were spinning about 1,800 to 1,900 revolutions per minute. Federer is hitting with an amazing amount of spin, too, right? 2,700 revolutions per minute. Well, we measured one forehand Nadal hit at 4,900. His average was 3,200.[268]", "While Nadal s shots tend to land short of the baseline, the characteristically high bounces his forehands achieve tend to mitigate the advantage an opponent would normally gain from capitalizing on a short ball.[269] Although his forehand is based on heavy topspin, he can hit the ball deep and flat with a more orthodox follow through for clean winners.", "Nadal s serve was initially considered a weak point in his game, although his improvements in both first-serve points won and break points saved since 2005 have allowed him to consistently compete for and win major titles on faster surfaces. Nadal relies on the consistency of his serve to gain a strategic advantage in points, rather than going for service winners.[270] However, before the 2010 US Open, he altered his service motion, arriving in the trophy pose earlier and pulling the racket lower during the trophy pose. Before the 2010 U.S. Open, Nadal modified his service grip to a more continental one. These two changes in his serve increased his average speed by around 10 mph during the 2010 US Open, maxing out at 135 mph (217 km), allowing him to win more free points on his serve.[271] However, since the 2010 US Open, Nadal s serve speed has dropped to previous levels and has again been cited as a need for improvement.[272][273][274]", "Nadal is a clay court specialist in the sense that he has been extremely successful on that surface. He has won 12 times at the French Open, 11 times at Monte Carlo and Barcelona, and nine at Rome. However, Nadal has shed that label owing to his success on other surfaces, including holding simultaneous Grand Slam tournament titles on grass, hard courts, and clay on two separate occasions, winning ten Masters series titles on hard court, and winning the Olympic gold medal on hardcourt.[262][275]", "Despite praise for Nadal s talent and skill, in the past, some had questioned his longevity in the sport, citing his build and playing style as conducive to injury.[276] Nadal himself has admitted to the physical toll hard courts place on ATP Tour players, calling for a reevaluated tour schedule featuring fewer hard court tournaments.[277] This longevity narrative has proved to be inaccurate and pundits today admire his resilience.[278]", "Nadal has had several coaches throughout his career. Toni Nadal coached him from 1990\u20132017.[279] He is currently being coached by Francisco Roig (2005\u2013)[280] and Carlos Moy\u00e1 (2016\u2013).[281]", "Nadal has been sponsored by Kia Motors since 2006. He has appeared in advertising campaigns for Kia as a global ambassador for the company. In May 2008, Kia released a claymation viral ad featuring Nadal in a tennis match with an alien.[282] In May 2015, Nadal extended his partnership with Kia for another five years.[283]", "Nadal wearing his signature Nike sleeveless shirt at the French Open in 2007, while holding his Babolat racquet", "Nike serves as Nadal s clothing and shoe sponsor. Nadal s signature on-court attire entailed a variety of sleeveless shirts paired with 3/4 length capri pants.[284] For the 2009 season, Nadal adopted more-traditional on-court apparel. Nike encouraged Nadal to update his look in order to reflect his new status as the sport s top player at that time[285] and associate Nadal with a style that, while less distinctive than his pirate look, would be more widely emulated by consumers.[286][287] At warmup tournaments in Abu Dhabi and Doha, Nadal played matches in a polo shirt specifically designed for him by Nike,[288] paired with shorts cut above the knee. Nadal s new, more conventional style carried over to the 2009 Australian Open, where he was outfitted with Nike s Bold Crew Men s Tee[289] and Nadal Long Check Shorts.[290][291][292] Nadal wears Nike s Air CourtBallistec 2.3 tennis shoes,[293] bearing various customizations throughout the season, including his nickname Rafa on the right shoe and a stylized bull logo on the left.", "He became the face of Lanvin s L Homme Sport cologne in April 2009.[294] Nadal uses an AeroPro Drive racquet with a 4\u200b1\u20444-inch L2 grip. As of the 2010 season[update], Nadal s racquets are painted to resemble the new Babolat AeroPro Drive with Cortex GT racquet in order to market a current model which Babolat sells.[295][296] Nadal uses no replacement grip, and instead wraps two overgrips around the handle. He used Duralast 15L strings until the 2010 season, when he switched to Babolat s new, black-colored, RPM Blast string. Nadal s rackets are always strung at 55 lb (25 kg), regardless of which surface or conditions he is playing on.[citation needed]", "As of January 2010[update], Nadal is the international ambassador for Quely, a company from his native Mallorca that manufactures biscuits, bakery and chocolate-coated products; he has consumed their products ever since he was a young child.[297]", "In 2010, luxury watchmaker Richard Mille announced that he had developed an ultra-light wristwatch in collaboration with Nadal called the Richard Mille RM027 Tourbillon watch.[298] The watch is made of titanium and lithium and is valued at US$525,000; Nadal was involved in the design and testing of the watch on the tennis court.[298] During the 2010 French Open, Men s Fitness reported that Nadal wore the Richard Mille watch on the court as part of a sponsorship deal with the Swiss watchmaker.[299]", "Nadal replaced Cristiano Ronaldo as the new face of Emporio Armani Underwear and Armani Jeans for the spring/summer 2011 collection.[300] This was the first time that the label has chosen a tennis player for the job; association football has ruled lately prior to Ronaldo, David Beckham graced the ads since 2008.[301] Armani said that he selected Nadal as his latest male underwear model because ...he is ideal as he represents a healthy and positive model for youngsters .[300]", "In June 2012, Nadal joined the group of sports endorsers of the PokerStars online poker cardroom.[302] Nadal won a charity poker tournament against retired Brazilian football player Ronaldo in 2014.[303]", "In April 2017, the centre court of the Barcelona Open was named Pista Rafa Nadal.[304]", "In February 2010, Rafael Nadal was featured in the music video of Shakira s Gypsy .[305] and part of her album release She Wolf. In explaining why she chose Nadal for the video, Shakira was quoted as saying in an interview with the Latin American Herald Tribune: I thought that maybe I needed someone I could in some way identify with. And Rafael Nadal is a person who has been totally committed to his career since he was very young. Since he was 17, I believe. [306][307]", "128036 Rafaelnadal is a main belt asteroid discovered in 2003 at the Observatorio Astron\u00f3mico de Mallorca and named after Nadal.[308] The decision to name the asteroid after Nadal was made by the International Astronomical Union in response to a request by the observatory. The asteroid is four kilometers in diameter and travels through space at a speed of 20 km per second. [309]", "Nadal owns and trains at the Rafa Nadal Sports Centre (40,000 square meters) in his hometown of Manacor, Mallorca. The centre houses the Rafa Nadal Tennis Academy, where the American International School of Mallorca is located.[310] Also located in the centre is a sports residence, a Rafael Nadal museum, a health clinic, a fitness centre with spa and a caf\u00e9. The facility has 26 tennis courts among its sporting areas.[310]", "Nadal took part in Thailand s A Million Trees for the King project, planting a tree in honour of King Bhumibol Adulyadej on a visit to Hua Hin during his Thailand Open 2010. For me it s an honour to be part of this project , said Nadal. It s a very good project. I want to congratulate the Thai people and congratulate the King for this unbelievable day. I wish all the best for this idea. It s very, very nice. [311]", "The creation of the Fundaci\u00f3n Rafa Nadal took place in November 2007, and its official presentation was in February 2008, at the Manacor Tennis Club in Mallorca, Spain. The foundation will focus on social work and development aid particularly on childhood and youth.[312] On deciding why to start a foundation, Nadal said This can be the beginning of my future, when I retire and have more time, [...] I am doing very well and I owe society, [...] A month-and-a-half ago I was in Chennai, in India. The truth is we live great here....I can contribute something with my image... Nadal was inspired by the Red Cross benefit match against malaria with Real Madrid goalkeeper Iker Casillas, recalling, We raised an amount of money that we would never have imagined. I have to thank Iker, my project partner, who went all out for it, [...] That is why the time has come to set up my own foundation and determine the destination of the money.", "Nadal s mother, Ana Maria Parera, chairs the charitable organization and father Sebastian is vice-chairman. Coach and uncle Toni Nadal and his agent, former tennis player Carlos Costa, are also involved. Roger Federer has given Nadal advice on getting involved in philanthropy. Despite the fact that poverty in India struck him particularly hard, Nadal wants to start by helping people close by, in the Balearic Islands, in Spain, and then, if possible, abroad .[313]", "On 16 October 2010, Nadal traveled to India for the first time to visit his tennis academy for underprivileged children at Anantapur Sports Village, in the Anantapur City, Andhra Pradesh. His foundation has also worked in the Anantapur Educational Center project, in collaboration with the Vicente Ferrer Foundation.[314][315]", "Floods in Majorca", "Rafael Nadal opened his tennis academy centre to Majorca flood victims in October 2018.[316] By that time he was recovering at home in Majorca, shortly after having to leave the US Open due to injury and one day after the flood he worked personally with some friends to help the victims.[317][318]", "Later, Nadal donated \u20ac1 million for rebuilding Sant Lloren\u00e7 des Cardassar, the most affected town by the floods in the island.[319][320] Nadal also organized other charitable activities to help repair the damage of the disaster, such as the Olaz\u00e1bal & Nadal charity golf tournament [321][322] and a charity tennis match in which he was going to participate and that had to be suspended because he had to have an operation on an ankle injury.[323]", "Nadal supports or has supported other charities, such as City Harvest, Elton John AIDS Foundation, Laureus Sport for Good Foundation and Small Steps Project[324]", "Involvement in football", "Nadal is an avid fan of association football club Real Madrid. On 8 July 2010, it was reported that he had become a shareholder of RCD Mallorca, his local club by birth, in an attempt to assist the club from debt.[325] Nadal reportedly owns 10 percent and was offered the role of vice president, which he rejected.[326] His uncle Miguel \u00c1ngel Nadal became assistant coach under Michael Laudrup. Nadal remains a passionate Real Madrid supporter; ESPN.com writer Graham Hunter wrote, He s as Merengue as [Real Madrid icons] Ra\u00fal, Iker Casillas and Alfredo Di St\u00e9fano.", "Shortly after acquiring his interest in Mallorca, Nadal called out UEFA for apparent hypocrisy in ejecting the club from the 2010\u201311 UEFA Europa League for excessive debts, saying through a club spokesperson, Well, if those are the criteria upon which UEFA is operating, then European competition will only comprise two or three clubs because all the rest are in debt, too. [327]", "He is a fervent supporter of the Spanish national team, and he was one of six people not affiliated with the team or the national federation allowed to enter the team s locker room following Spain s victory in the 2010 FIFA World Cup Final.[327]", "Nadal lived with his parents and younger sister Maria Isabel in a five-story apartment building in their hometown of Manacor, Mallorca. In June 2009, Spanish newspaper La Vanguardia, and then The New York Times, reported that his parents, Ana Maria and Sebastian, had separated. This news came after weeks of speculation in Internet posts and message boards over Nadal s personal issues as the cause of his setback.[328]", "Nadal is an agnostic atheist.[329] As a young boy, he would run home from school to watch Goku in his favorite Japanese anime, Dragon Ball. CNN released an article about Nadal s childhood inspiration, and called him the Dragon Ball of tennis owing to his unorthodox style from another planet .[330]", "In addition to tennis and football, Nadal enjoys playing golf and poker.[331] In April 2014 he played the world s No. 1 female poker player, Vanessa Selbst, in a poker game in Monaco.[332] Nadal s autobiography, Rafa (Hyperion, 2012, ISBN 1-4013-1092-3), written with assistance from John Carlin, was published in August 2011.[333] Nadal has been in a relationship with Mar\u00eda Francisca (Xisca) Perell\u00f3[334] since 2005, and their engagement was reported in January 2019.[335] The couple married in October 2019.[336]", "Main article: Rafael Nadal career statistics", "Australian Open A 3R 4R A QF SF W QF QF F A F QF 1R F QF F QF 1 / 15 65\u201314 82%", "French Open A A W W W W 4R W W W W W QF 3R W W W 12 / 15 93\u20132 98%", "Wimbledon 3R A 2R F F W A W F 2R 1R 4R 2R A 4R SF SF 2 / 14 53\u201312 82%", "US Open 2R 2R 3R QF 4R SF SF W F A W A 3R 4R W SF W 4 / 15 64\u201311 85%", "Win\u2013Loss 3\u20132 3\u20132 13\u20133 17\u20132 20\u20133 24\u20132 15\u20132 25\u20131 23\u20133 14\u20132 14\u20131 16\u20132 11\u20134 5\u20132 23\u20132 21\u20133 24\u20132 4\u20131 19 / 59 275\u201339 88%", "* Nadal withdrew before the third round of the 2016 French Open due to a wrist injury, which does not officially count as a loss.", "* Nadal received a walkover in the second round of the 2019 US Open, which does not count as a win.", "Finals: 27 (19 titles, 8 runner-ups)", "Win 2005 French Open Clay Mariano Puerta 6\u20137(6\u20138), 6\u20133, 6\u20131, 7\u20135", "Win 2006 French Open (2) Clay Roger Federer 1\u20136, 6\u20131, 6\u20134, 7\u20136(7\u20134)", "Loss 2006 Wimbledon Grass Roger Federer 0\u20136, 6\u20137(5\u20137), 7\u20136(7\u20132), 3\u20136", "Win 2007 French Open (3) Clay Roger Federer 6\u20133, 4\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20134", "Loss 2007 Wimbledon Grass Roger Federer 6\u20137(7\u20139), 6\u20134, 6\u20137(3\u20137), 6\u20132, 2\u20136", "Win 2008 French Open (4) Clay Roger Federer 6\u20131, 6\u20133, 6\u20130", "Win 2008 Wimbledon Grass Roger Federer 6\u20134, 6\u20134, 6\u20137(5\u20137), 6\u20137(8\u201310), 9\u20137", "Win 2009 Australian Open Hard Roger Federer 7\u20135, 3\u20136, 7\u20136(7\u20133), 3\u20136, 6\u20132", "Win 2010 French Open (5) Clay Robin S\u00f6derling 6\u20134, 6\u20132, 6\u20134", "Win 2010 Wimbledon (2) Grass Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych 6\u20133, 7\u20135, 6\u20134", "Win 2010 US Open Hard Novak Djokovic 6\u20134, 5\u20137, 6\u20134, 6\u20132", "Win 2011 French Open (6) Clay Roger Federer 7\u20135, 7\u20136(7\u20133), 5\u20137, 6\u20131", "Loss 2011 Wimbledon Grass Novak Djokovic 4\u20136, 1\u20136, 6\u20131, 3\u20136", "Loss 2011 US Open Hard Novak Djokovic 2\u20136, 4\u20136, 7\u20136(7\u20133), 1\u20136", "Loss 2012 Australian Open Hard Novak Djokovic 7\u20135, 4\u20136, 2\u20136, 7\u20136(7\u20135), 5\u20137", "Win 2012 French Open (7) Clay Novak Djokovic 6\u20134, 6\u20133, 2\u20136, 7\u20135", "Win 2013 French Open (8) Clay David Ferrer 6\u20133, 6\u20132, 6\u20133", "Win 2013 US Open (2) Hard Novak Djokovic 6\u20132, 3\u20136, 6\u20134, 6\u20131", "Loss 2014 Australian Open Hard Stan Wawrinka 3\u20136, 2\u20136, 6\u20133, 3\u20136", "Loss 2017 Australian Open Hard Roger Federer 4\u20136, 6\u20133, 1\u20136, 6\u20133, 3\u20136", "Win 2017 French Open (10) Clay Stan Wawrinka 6\u20132, 6\u20133, 6\u20131", "Win 2017 US Open (3) Hard Kevin Anderson 6\u20133, 6\u20133, 6\u20134", "Win 2018 French Open (11) Clay Dominic Thiem 6\u20134, 6\u20133, 6\u20132", "Loss 2019 Australian Open Hard Novak Djokovic 3\u20136, 2\u20136, 3\u20136", "Win 2019 French Open (12) Clay Dominic Thiem 6\u20133, 5\u20137, 6\u20131, 6\u20131", "Win 2019 US Open (4) Hard Daniil Medvedev 7\u20135, 6\u20133, 5\u20137, 4\u20136, 6\u20134", "Year\u2013End Championships performance timeline", "ATP Finals Did Not Qualify A SF SF A RR F RR A F A SF A RR A RR 0 / 9 18\u201314 56%", "Finals: 2 (2 runners-up)", "Loss 2010 London Hard Roger Federer 3\u20136, 6\u20133, 1\u20136", "Loss 2013 London Hard Novak Djokovic 3\u20136, 4\u20136", "Main article: List of career achievements by Rafael Nadal", "All-time tournament records", "Record accomplished", "Players matched", "Grand Slam 1877 12 men s singles titles at one major Stands alone", "10 consecutive years of winning 1+ title (2005\u20132014)", "Winning titles on 3 different surfaces in a calendar year (2010)", "3 consecutive titles on 3 different surfaces", "French Open 1891 12 men s singles titles", "ATP Masters 1000 1970 Most Men s singles titles at a single event (Monte-Carlo Masters)", "35 titles overall", "10 consecutive seasons with 1+ men s singles titles (2005\u201314)", "21 consecutive quarterfinals (2008\u20132010)", "Monte Carlo Masters 1897 11 men s singles titles", "Barcelona Open 1953 11 men s singles titles", "Rome Masters 1930 9 men s singles titles", "Madrid Open 2002 5 men s singles titles", "Open Era records", "Records in bold indicate peer-less achievements.", "Records in italics are currently active streaks.", "^ Denotes consecutive streak.", "Selected Grand Slam tournament records", "2005 French Open \u2013", "2010 US Open Career Golden Slam Andre Agassi [83]", "Career Grand Slam Rod Laver", "Novak Djokovic [337]", "Youngest to achieve a Career Grand Slam (24) Stands alone [337][338]", "2+ titles on grass, clay and hard courts Mats Wilander [337]", "2019 Australian Open 7 finals reached without losing a set[d] Stands alone [106][341]", "2017 French Open 3 titles won without losing a set Bj\u00f6rn Borg [342]", "2009 Australian Open Simultaneous holder of Majors on clay, grass and hard court Roger Federer", "Simultaneous holder of Olympic singles gold medal and Majors on clay, grass and hard court Stands alone [344]", "2010 US Open Winner of Majors on clay, grass and hard court in calendar year [345]", "2011 Wimbledon \u2013", "2012 Australian Open 3 consecutive runners-up finishes [346][347]", "2019 US Open 5+ finals at all 4 different tournaments Roger Federer", "Records at each Grand Slam tournament", "2005\u20132019 French Open 12 titles overall Stands alone [342][348]", "2010\u20132014 5 consecutive titles [348]", "2005\u20132019 12 finals overall [349]", "2010\u20132014 5 consecutive finals [350]", "2005\u20132019 12 semifinals overall [348]", "2005\u20132019 93 match wins overall [351]", "2010\u20132015 39 consecutive match wins [348]", "2005\u20132019 97.9% (93\u20132) match winning percentage [352]", "2008, 2010, 2017 3 titles won without losing a set [342][348]", "2005 Won title on the first attempt Mats Wilander [353]", "2008, 2010 French Open\u2014Wimbledon Accomplished a Channel Slam : Winning both tournaments in the same year Rod Laver", "Roger Federer [354]", "Other selected records", "ATP Masters 1000 records", "2005\u20132019 35 Masters Series[e] titles Stands alone", "2005\u20132019 51 combined Championship Masters Series[e] finals Stands alone", "2013 4 consecutive Masters 1000 titles Novak Djokovic", "2005\u20132013 All 9 Masters 1000 finals reached Roger Federer", "2010 Accomplished a Clay Slam [f] Stands alone [355]", "2005\u20132018 11 Monte-Carlo Masters titles Stands alone [356]", "2005\u20132019 9+ titles at two different tournaments Stands alone", "2005\u20132019 5+ titles at four different tournaments Stands alone", "2005\u20132019 9 Italian Open titles Stands alone", "2005\u20132017 5 Madrid Open titles Stands alone", "2002\u20132019 83.13% (966\u2013196) career match winning percentage Stands alone [357]", "2004\u20132019 59 clay court titles Stands alone [342]", "2004\u20132019 81 outdoor titles Stands alone", "2005\u20132007 81 consecutive clay court match victories Stands alone [358][359]", "2004\u20132019 20 match wins against world No. 1 players[g] Stands alone", "2002\u20132019 91.79% (436\u201339) clay court match winning percentage Stands alone [362]", "84.73% (882\u2013159) outdoor match winning percentage Stands alone [363]", "2017\u20132018 Won 50 consecutive sets on a single surface (clay) Stands alone [364]", "2005\u20132018 11+ titles at a single tournament (French Open, Monte Carlo, Barcelona) Stands alone [342]", "2005\u20132012 8 consecutive titles at a single tournament (Monte Carlo) Stands alone [365]", "2004\u20132006 16 titles won as a teenager Bj\u00f6rn Borg [366]", "2005\u20132019 37 clay court big titles Stands alone", "ITF World Champion: 2008, 2010, 2017, 2019.", "ATP Player of the Year: 2008, 2010, 2013, 2017, 2019.", "Rafael Nadal career statistics", "List of career achievements by Rafael Nadal", "List of Grand Slam men s singles champions", "All-time tennis records \u2013 men s singles", "Open Era tennis records \u2013 men s singles (since 1968)", "ATP World Tour records (since 1990)", "List of ATP number 1 ranked singles tennis players (since 1973)", "World number 1 ranked male tennis players (all time, based on recognized tennis authorities)", "Tennis tournament records and statistics", "List of Open Era tennis records", "Sports in Spain", "^ See:[231][232][233][234][235][236]", "^ See:[237][238][239][240][241][242][243][244][245][246]", "^ See:[247][248][249][250][251][252][253][254][255][256][257][258][259][260]", "^ The finals Nadal reached without losing a set were the 2007,[339] 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2017 French Opens, the 2010 US Open, and the 2019 Australian Open.[340]", "^ a b The term combined Championship Masters Series encompasses the Grand Prix Championship Series (1970\u20131989), ATP Masters Series (1990\u20132008) and ATP Tour Masters 1000 (2009\u2013present).", "^ The Clay Slam consists of winning the Monte Carlo Masters, Rome Masters, Madrid Masters and French Open in the same year.[355]", "^ The world No. 1 players who Nadal defeated were Roger Federer (13 times)[360] and Novak Djokovic (6 times).[361]", "^ Rafael Nadal . 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Nadal Embraces History With a Record Seventh Title on the Clay of Roland Garros . The New York Times. Retrieved 11 June 2013.", "^ Jason Le Miere (22 May 2015). French Open 2015 Draw: Can Rafael Nadal Beat Novak Djokovic, Andy Murray And Roger Federer To Win 10th Title? . IB Times. Retrieved 14 September 2015.", "^ Chris Chase (3 June 2015). The king is dead: Rafael Nadal blown out at French Open . USA Today Sports. Retrieved 14 September 2015.", "^ Le jury de l Equipe vote Nadal [Le jury of l Equipe vote Nadal] (in French). L Equipe. 24 May 2010. Retrieved 14 September 2015.", "^ Matt Cronin (9 November 2012). McEnroe: Federer the best ever . Tennis.com. Retrieved 14 September 2015.", "^ Douglas Robson (30 May 2015). How one court at Roland Garros helps Rafael Nadal dominate French Open . The Washington Post. Retrieved 14 September 2015.", "^ St. John, Allen (7 June 2012). The Greatest Men s Tennis Player of All Time Is at the French Open . The Atlantic. 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Retrieved 30 January 2009.", "^ The Tennis Racket . ESPN. 2 September 2004. Retrieved 30 January 2009.", "^ Rafa Nadal is Quely s embassador . Rafaelnadal.com. 21 December 2009. Archived from the original on 24 June 2011. Retrieved 3 June 2011.", "^ a b Corder, Rob (5 April 2010). Rafael Nadal to wear $525,000 Richard Mille watch . Professional Jeweller.", "^ Nadal Wears $525K Watch at French Open . mensfitness.com. Retrieved 6 July 2010.", "^ a b Rafael Nadal strips to his undies for Armani . Typicallyspanish.com. 20 January 2011. Archived from the original on 31 August 2011. Retrieved 3 June 2011.", "^ Cowles, Charlotte. Rafael Nadal Replaces Cristiano Ronaldo as the New Face of Emporio Armani Underwear . New York. Retrieved 3 June 2011.", "^ Tennis Champion Rafael Nadal Joins Team PokerStars . Poker News. Retrieved 19 July 2014.", "^ Daily Bagel: Nadal accepts Ronaldo s poker game challenge . Sports Illustrated. 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Retrieved 24 January 2019.", "^ Sobot, Rita (20 December 2018). Rafael Nadal donates \u00e2 \u00ac1million to Mallorca flood victims . mirror. Retrieved 24 January 2019.", "^ PHOTOS/VIDEO: Olaz\u00e1bal & Nadal Invitational 2018 charity golf tournament \u2013 15 \u0414\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044f 2018 \u2013 RAFA NADAL \u2013 KING OF TENNIS . rafanadal-kingoftennis.ru. Retrieved 25 January 2019.", "^ Nadal donates one million to Sant Lloren\u00c3\u00a7 . Majorca Daily Bulletin. 20 December 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2019.", "^ Nadal donates $1.1 million to victims of flash floods in Spain s Mallorca . www.efe.com. Retrieved 25 January 2019.", "^ Rafael Nadal: Charity Work & Causes . Look to the Stars. Retrieved 24 January 2019.", "^ Soccer-Rafa Nadal becomes shareholder at troubled Real Mallorca . Reuters. 9 July 2010.", "^ Sale of the club completed . Real Mallorca. 7 September 2010. Archived from the original on 11 September 2012.", "^ a b Hunter, Graham (9 September 2010). Rafa to the rescue . ESPN. Retrieved 21 December 2010.", "^ Personal woes affecting Rafa? . ESPN. 23 July 2009.", "^ Q&A with Rafael Nadal . Sports Illustrated. 16 July 2010.", "^ Johnson, Christopher (8 October 2010). Rafael Nadal: The Dragon Ball of tennis . CNN. Archived from the original on 31 January 2012. Retrieved 31 December 2011.", "^ Smith, Bill (28 March 2012). Away from tennis court, Rafael Nadal seeks a golf course . The Miami Herald.", "^ Rafa Nadal [@RafaelNadal] (11 April 2014). Great experience playing with the world s number 1 female poker player Vanessa and very happy to have learned a lot (Tweet) \u2013 via Twitter.", "^ Tandon, Kamakshi (26 August 2011). U.S. Open \u2013 Twenty things we learn in Rafael Nadal s autobiography . ESPN. Retrieved 31 May 2013.", "^ Osborne, Chris (3 January 2017). Australian Open 2017: Rafael Nadal, Johanna Konta through . BBC Sport. Retrieved 11 June 2017.", "^ Rafael Nadal engaged to girlfriend of 14 years Mery Perello . CNN. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2019.", "^ Boyle, Kelli (19 October 2019). Tennis Star Rafael Nadal Marries Maria Francisca Perello In Spain . E! Online. Retrieved 19 October 2019.", "^ a b c Nadal Completes Career Grand Slam With US Open Title . ATP World Tour. 13 September 2010. Retrieved 28 April 2012.", "^ Clarey, Christopher (13 September 2010). Nadal Caps Career Grand Slam . The New York Times. Retrieved 28 April 2012.", "^ History \u2013 Past Tournaments \u2013 2007: Hat-trick for Nadal and Henin . RolandGarros.com. 11 September 2010. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 7 June 2012.", "^ Hodgkinson, Mark (11 September 2010). Rafael Nadal reaches first final in New York after win over Mikhail Youzhny . The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 7 June 2012.", "^ Sarkar, Pritha (9 June 2012). Djokovic faces ultimate challenge against Nadal . Reuters. Retrieved 9 June 2012.", "^ a b c d e Bhagavatula, Manoj (12 June 2017). Nadal s quest to reach La D\u00e9cima . ESPN. Archived from the original on 18 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.", "^ Tandon, Kamakshi (24 December 2009). What s your tennis IQ? \u2013 2009 tennis holiday quiz . ESPN. Retrieved 18 June 2012. [Nadal s] Australian Open title made him the first man to simultaneously hold majors on clay, grass and hard courts.", "^ Nadal s records \u2013 over Federer. These are records Federer SHOULD have held \u2013 by a mile . tennisplanet.me. 13 May 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2013.", "^ Garber, Greg (13 September 2010). Nadal s three-peat no small feat . ESPN. Retrieved 14 June 2012. [W]inning on three different surfaces in that narrow time frame is unprecedented.", "^ Cheese, Caroline (29 January 2012). Australian Open: Djokovic outlasts Nadal in longest Grand Slam singles final ever . The Washington Post. Retrieved 28 April 2012. Nadal became the first man in the Open Era to lose three straight major finals.", "^ Garber, Greg (29 January 2012). Djokovic now on the brink of history . ESPN. Retrieved 28 April 2012. [Nadal] became the first man in the Open era to lose three consecutive finals.", "^ a b c d e Record Breakers . RolandGarros.com. Archived from the original on 10 May 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2012.", "^ Sarkar, Pritha (8 June 2012). Djokovic, Nadal looking to become record collectors . Reuters. Retrieved 10 June 2012.", "^ Grand Slam History . ATP World Tour. Archived from the original on 14 May 2012. Retrieved 10 June 2012.", "^ Rafael Nadal captures eighth French Open crown . USA Today. Associated Press. 9 June 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2013.", "^ Pells, Eddie (11 June 2012). Rafael Nadal tops Novak Djokovic for record seventh French Open title . National Post. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 11 June 2012.", "^ Clarey, Christopher (6 June 2005). French Open: Nadal triumphs at first attempt . The New York Times. Retrieved 10 June 2012.", "^ Tandon, Kamakshi (17 June 2011). Nadal eyes another Channel Slam . ESPN. Retrieved 10 June 2012.", "^ a b Rafael Nadal \u2013 Career Highlights . ATP World Tour. Retrieved 14 June 2012. 2010 \u2013 first player to win a Clay Slam in a season, winning three ATP Masters 1000 titles (Monte Carlo*, Rome*, Madrid*) along with Roland Garros.", "^ Bhagavatula, Manoj (23 April 2017). Rafael Nadal becomes first man to win same tournament 10 times . ESPN. Archived from the original on 24 April 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2017.", "^ Performance Career Overall From All Countries . ATP Tour. Retrieved 12 August 2019.", "^ Macur, Juliet (8 June 2007). Tennis: Federer vs. Nadal to meet again in French Open final . The New York Times. Retrieved 11 June 2012.", "^ Federer ends Nadal s clay streak . BBC Sport. 20 May 2007. Retrieved 11 June 2012.", "^ Nadal\u2013Federer Head to Head . ATP World Tour. Archived from the original on 14 August 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2013.", "^ Nadal\u2013Djokovic Head to Head . ATP World Tour. Archived from the original on 19 August 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2013.", "^ FedEx ATP Reliability Index \u2013 Winning percentage on Clay . ATP World Tour. Retrieved 18 March 2013.", "^ Performance Career Outdoor From All Countries . ATP World Tour. Retrieved 11 May 2018.", "^ 50 And Counting... ATP World Tour. Retrieved 10 May 2018.", "^ Briggs, Simon (22 April 2012). Rafael Nadal beats Novak Djokovic to win eighth consecutive Monte Carlo Masters title . The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 23 April 2012.", "^ Rafael Nadal \u2013 Career Highlights . ATP World Tour. Retrieved 14 June 2012. 2006 \u2013 Tied Borg with his 16th career teenage title in Rome, most in Open Era.", "Rafael Nadalat Wikipedia s sister projects", "Rafael Nadal at the Association of Tennis Professionals", "Rafael Nadal at the International Tennis Federation", "Rafael Nadal at the Davis Cup", "Rafael Nadal on IMDb", "Rafael Nadal (achievement predecessor and successor)", "Novak Djokovic World No. 1", "October 7, 2013 \u2013 July 6, 2014", "November 6, 2019 \u2013 February 3, 2020 Succeeded by", "Novak Djokovic US Open Series Champion", "Paul-Henri Mathieu ATP Newcomer of the Year", "Joachim Johansson ATP Most Improved Player", "David Ferrer Golden Bagel Award", "Rafael Trujillo Spanish Sportsman of the Year", "Novak Djokovic ATP Player of the Year", "Novak Djokovic ITF World Champion", "Michael Schumacher Prince of Asturias Award for Sports", "Roger Federer ATP Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Award", "Usain Bolt BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year", "Marcel Hirscher L \u00c9quipe Champion of Champions", "2017 (with Roger Federer)", "Usain Bolt Laureus World Sportsman of the Year", "Novak Djokovic Best Male Tennis Player ESPY Award", "Rohan Bopanna & Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi Arthur Ashe Humanitarian of the Year", "Tommy Haas ATP Comeback Player of the Year", "F\u00e9lix S\u00e1nchez Laureus World Comeback of the Year", "Pau Gasol Flagbearer for Spain", "Miguel \u00c1ngel Nadal (uncle)", "Toni Nadal (uncle and coach)", "Carlos Moy\u00e1 (coach, 2017\u2013current)", "Spain Davis Cup team", "Rivalry with Roger Federer", "Rivalry with Novak Djokovic", "Rivalry with Andy Murray", "2012 French Open final", "Battle of Surfaces", "finals: 2010", "Hamburg/Madrid", "Madrid/Shanghai", "2016 (Doubles)", "Rafael Nadal official website", "Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic and Andy Murray", "Federer\u2013Nadal", "Djokovic\u2013Federer", "Djokovic\u2013Nadal", "Federer\u2013Murray", "Djokovic\u2013Murray", "Nadal\u2013Murray", "(Statistics and Achievements)", "Masters titles", "Madrid/Hamburg (6)", "Shanghai/Madrid (3)", "2012 US Open final", "Rafael Nadal in the Grand Slam tournaments", "Pre-Open Era", "1914: Arthur O Hara Wood", "1916\u20131918 No competition due to World War I", "1920: Pat O Hara Wood", "1922: James Anderson", "1929: John Colin Gregory", "1941\u20131945 No competition due to World War II", "1968: William Bowrey", "1977 (Jan): Roscoe Tanner", "1977 (Dec): Vitas Gerulaitis", "1999: Yevgeny Kafelnikov", "2014: Stanislas Wawrinka", "Wimbledon men s singles champions", "Grand Slam / non-calendar year / career Grand Slam-winning singles/doubles tennis players", "1984: Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver", "1963: Margaret Court / Ken Fletcher", "Non-calendar year Grand Slam", "2015\u201316: Novak Djokovic", "1983\u201384: Martina Navratilova", "1993\u201394: Steffi Graf", "2002\u201303: Serena Williams", "2012\u201313: Bob Bryan / Mike Bryan", "1949\u201350: Louise Brough", "1986\u201387: Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver", "1992\u201393: Gigi Fern\u00e1ndez / Natasha Zvereva", "1996\u201397: Natasha Zvereva", "2009\u201310: Serena Williams / Venus Williams", "1967\u201368 Billie Jean King", "1933\u201334\u201335: Fred Perry", "1937\u201338: Don Budge", "1960\u201361\u201362: Rod Laver", "1961\u201363\u201364: Roy Emerson", "1992\u201394\u201395\u201399: Andre Agassi", "2003\u201304\u201309: Roger Federer", "2005\u201308\u201309\u201310: Rafael Nadal", "2008\u201311\u201316: Novak Djokovic", "1951\u201352\u201353: Maureen Connolly", "1949\u201350\u201351\u201354: Doris Hart", "1951\u201356\u201357: Shirley Fry Irvin", "1960\u201362\u201363: Margaret Court", "1966\u201367\u201368\u201372: Billie Jean King", "1974\u201375\u201382: Chris Evert", "1978\u201381\u201382\u201383: Martina Navratilova", "1999\u20132002\u201303: Serena Williams", "2004\u201306\u201308\u201312: Maria Sharapova", "1935\u201336\u201339: Adrian Quist", "1948\u201350\u201351 Frank Sedgman", "1953\u201356: Lew Hoad / Ken Rosewall", "1957\u201358\u201359: Neale Fraser", "1965\u201367: John Newcombe / Tony Roche", "1962\u201364\u201367\u201377: Bob Hewitt", "1982\u201384\u201386\u201389: John Fitzgerald", "1983\u201387\u201389: Anders J\u00e4rryd", "1994\u201395\u201398: Jacco Eltingh / Paul Haarhuis", "1989\u201392\u201393\u20132000: Mark Woodforde", "1992\u201393\u201395\u20132000: Todd Woodbridge", "1998\u20132002\u201303\u201305: Jonas Bj\u00f6rkman", "2003\u201305\u201306: Bob Bryan / Mike Bryan", "2002\u201304\u201307\u201308: Daniel Nestor", "1999\u20132006\u201312: Leander Paes", "2015\u201316\u201318\u201319: Pierre-Hugues Herbert / Nicolas Mahut", "1942\u201346\u201350: Louise Brough Clapp", "1964\u201366\u201369\u201370: Judy Tegart Dalton", "1980\u201381: Kathy Jordan / Anne Smith", "1975\u201376\u201377\u201380: / Martina Navratilova", "1981\u201382\u201383\u201384: Pam Shriver", "1989\u201390\u201393: Helena Sukov\u00e1", "1988\u201390\u201391\u201392: Gigi Fern\u00e1ndez", "1989\u201390\u201391\u201393: / Natasha Zvereva", "1989\u201390\u201394: Jana Novotn\u00e1", "1996\u201397\u201398: Martina Hingis", "1999\u20132000\u201301: Serena Williams / Venus Williams", "2000\u201301\u201306: Lisa Raymond", "2012\u201313\u201314: Sara Errani / Roberta Vinci", "1925\u201326\u201327\u201328 Jean Borotra", "1949\u201351: Doris Hart / Frank Sedgman", "1962\u20131963: Ken Fletcher", "1965\u201366\u201367: Owen Davidson", "1992\u201393\u201395: Mark Woodforde", "1990\u201393\u201394\u201395: Todd Woodbridge", "2001\u201302\u201305: Daniela Hantuchov\u00e1", "1997\u201399\u20132005\u201306: Mahesh Bhupathi", "2002\u201304\u201308\u201310: Cara Black", "1999\u20132003\u201308\u201316: Leander Paes", "Men s tennis players who won two or more Grand Slam singles titles in one calendar year", "2016: Novak Djokovic (AO&FO)", "2017: Roger Federer (AO&WI)", "2018: Novak Djokovic (WI&US)", "2019: Novak Djokovic (AO&WI)", "Rafael Nadal achievements", "Olympic Tennis Champions in men s singles" ] } ] }, "timestamp": null }, { "action": "Wizard => Apprentice", "text": "rafael academy coaches virtues , values and help players to continue their studies", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.rafanadalacademy.com/en", "title": "Tennis Academy Mallorca Spain Europe Rafa Nadal", "content": [ "Museum Xperience", "RAFA NADAL TENNIS CENTRE", "However great your dedication is, you never win anything on your own Rafa Nadal", "The people that excel in life are those that persevere Rafa Nadal", "I always work with a goal, and the goal is to improve as a player and as a person Rafa Nadal", "Losing is not my enemy. Fear of losing is my enemy Rafa Nadal", "Don\u00b4t miss out on a place!", "THE PARADISE OF TENNIS", "JUNIOR & ADULT PROGRAMS", "NEW OPENING APRIL 2019", "10th - 16th March2019", "7th january to 3rd february 2019", "Work hard, have fun and make it happen", "This quote from Rafa Nadal symbolises the DNA of the Rafa Nadal Academy by Movistar which, thanks to a demanding tennis training programme and an American academic system, coaches the young players in the values, virtues and aptitudes of Rafa himself. If you want to improve your tennis and continue your studies, this is your Academy!", "The Rafa Nadal Academy by Movistar has designed an annual training methodology based on the enriching experience acquired through years of success on the professional tour. The prestigious team of coaches, headed by Toni Nadal himself, is responsible for training young players and preparing them for the tennis of the future. Would you like to form part of that future?", "The people that excel in life are those that persevere", "Come and enjoy our facilities!", "As well as having the modern and comfortable residency at the Rafa Nadal Academy by Movistar for junior players, the complex boasts a tourist sports centre with ideal accommodation.", "The RAFA NADAL MUSEUM XPERIENCE is more than just a museum. Along the 1.500 m2, you will have fun and compete with your friends, while you learn the values of sport.More info", "All clients of the Rafa Nadal Sports Center will enjoy a 3000m2 fitness center with the newest Technogym machinery and a wide variety of directed activities, all that in addition to a semi-Olympic pool and a kids pool where they will be able to practice diverse aquafitness activities.More info", "Don\u00b4t miss all the latest news from #RafaNadalAcademybyMovistar", "2018: Less was more", "The season has come to a close on an ATP Tour that produced plenty of feats and records, and in which as many as 13 players claimed their first titles.", "It s not easy to achieve so much with so little. That s the lesson we can learn from a season that saw Rafael Nadal at the top of the ATP ranking for 36 weeks in 2018, a year in which Roger Federer and Novak Djokovic also occupied the number one spot. In fact, the Spaniard only played in nine tournaments in the whole season, from which he gained enough points to finish as the world number two, the player with the most titles and a long list of new records, including surpassing 900 career victories.", "An untimely injury in the quarters of the Australian Open against Marin Cilic on his return to competition did not stop him from achieving plenty of success. The first came upon his return to the tour in Monte Carlo. There he lifted his eleventh crown, a feat he repeated in Barcelona and also at the French Open, making him the first player in history to not only win the same tournament eleven times, but also to do it at three different venues. He also racked up two ATP Masters 1000 in Rome and Toronto to become the player with the most titles in the category, with 33, ahead of Djokovic (32) and Federer (27).", "Nadal s five crowns were followed by four for Djokovic, Federer and Alexander Zverev. The German became the youngest Nitto ATP Finals champion since 2008 and proved that he is one of the young guns destined to take the baton from the Big 3, who today continue to dominate the ATP Tour. The Swiss, with eight weeks as the No. 1, and the Serb with the same haul, took turns at the peak of the rankings with Nadal, although it would be Djokovic who would finish looking down on the rest, the fifth time he has done so, leaving him one behind Pete Sampras record (6).", "However, 2018 will not only be remembered for Nadal s incredible records at Roland Garros, the Australian Open also bore witness to a big milestone. Federer claimed his 20th Grand Slam crown there, putting him three ahead of the Spaniard (17) who follows him in second position. Also, at 36 years and 173 days old, the Basel native became the third man in the Open Era to win four or more Grand Slams in his thirties, after Rod Laver (4) and Ken Rosewall (4).", "For his part, Djokovic took care of the final two Grand Slams of the year, Wimbledon after a frenetic semi-final against Nadal, where he won the fifth set 10-8, and the US Open, which he dominated to gain his 14th title in the category, equalling Sampras in third place of the all-time ranking. Argentinian player Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro was back in the mix in a Grand Slam in New York and reached his highest ever ranking at number 3 in the world.", "However, it was the USA who finished with the most representatives in the Top 100 of the ATP Ranking. Headed by John Isner, the remaining US players in the world elite were Steve Johnson, Frances Tiafoe, Taylor Fritz, Sam Querrey, Tennys Sandgren, Ryan Harrison, Denis Kudla, Bradley Klahn, Mackenzie McDonald and Reilly Opelka. Spain lie in second position with ten players, while France have a total of nine.", "Finally, this season saw nine new faces on the international winners list. A total of 13 players claimed a first trophy for their cabinet in 2018: Daniil Medvedev (Sidney), Mirza Basic (Sofia), Roberto Carball\u00e9s (Quito), Frances Tiafoe (Delray Beach), Marco Cecchinato (Budapest), Taro Daniel (Istanbul), Marton Fucsovics (Geneva), Mischa Zverev (Eastbourne), Matteo Berrettini (Gstaad) and Nikoloz Basilashvili (Hamburg), Yoshihito Nishioka (Shenzhen), Kyle Edmund (Antwerp) and Stefanos Tsitsipas (Stockholm).", "The 20-year-old Greek player also became the youngest champion of the season. He won the Next Gen ATP Finals, the tournament held in Milan for the best under-21 players on tour, which also included Jaume Munar, a player from the Rafa Nadal Academy by Movistar. The result means that Tsitsipas leads the next generation at number 15 in the world. He is accompanied in the world s top 30 by Denis Shapovalov (19 years old) and Alex de Minaur (19 years old).", "All of these stats made for another historic year in 2018.", "The Rafa Nadal Academy by Movistar celebrates its second anniversary with the opening of the Rafa Nadal Tennis Centre in Mexico", "To mark the second anniversary of its official inauguration, the Rafa Nadal Academy by Movistar has announced its consolidation, growth and future plans. Rafa Nadal made sure he was present at an event he spoke very positively about.", "\u201cThere is still a lot to do and work on but we are very happy with how things have gone in these last two years. We have managed to form a good team, we never stop working, and this is our mentality. Looking for things that make us be better, or at least this has been my daily goal in my tennis life and in the academy, we try doing it as well\u201d, Rafa said.", "Jaume Munar, nominated for the ATP 2018 awards", "After playing the best year of his sports career, Jaume Munar, the Rafa Nadal Academy by Movistar player has been nominated for the \u201cOutbreak of the year\u201d Award in the ATP circuit.", "Just over a year ago, Jaume Munar returned to his native land in Mallorca to continue his tennis training at the Rafa Nadal Academy by Movistar. \u201cArriving here was a radical turning point. Returning to Mallorca was a great change, not only professionally, but also on a personal level. Being close to my family motivated me the most and being near them has indirectly helped me professionally\u201d. When he arrived in Manacor, Jaume placed in the Top 250 of the ATP ranking ATP and after a passionate year, he has managed to reach the 79 position, a feat that the ATP has wanted to recognize by nominating him as the outbreak of the year 2018.", "#rafanadalacademy @rafanadalacademybymovistar", "Tweets by rnadalacademy", "Ctra. Cales de Mallorca s/n, Km 1,2, 07500", "Manacor, Illes Balears", "Mail:sales@rafanadalacademy.com", "\u00a9 2018 RAFA NADAL ACADEMY BY MOVISTAR. TODOS LOS DERECHOS RESERVADOS", "Advantages making your reservation with us", "M\u00e9todo exclusivode entrenamiento", "Trainning f\u00edsicoPersonalizado", "Entrenamiento mentalalto rendimiento", "[booking-slider-mask:popup, ]" ] }, { "url": "http://www.gateacademy.org/", "title": "GATE Academy Home", "content": [ "Giftedness >", "GATE: The right fit?", "Early Assessment Matters", "Afterschool Offerings", "The Gifted Journey", "The Marin School for Gifted Education", "Welcome to GATE", "GATE Academy is an inquiry-based school for kids who love fun. GATE students are deep, reflective thinkers who have a passion for figuring out, doing, and understanding. Our kids delight in exercising logic, spotting contradictions a mile away, and taking fantastic leaps of imagination. Inquiry-based education makes kids responsible for digging in\u2014from formatting questions and conducting research to analyzing data and content to being completely dialed into discussions and presentations. GATE students are engaged in their own learning.", "GATE students are creators of knowledge, not just consumers of facts", "Meeting other kids with like minds is the best part about our school. The GATE recipe is simple: Our students inspire each other. When we put intensely curious kids together, point them at a goal, and add guidance and options, an explosion of creativity and productivity results. Our students inspire each other. As Imagine author Jonah Lehrer quips, when ideas are shared, the possibilities do not add up\u2014they multiply.", "GATE Academy kids learn by doing, seeing, thinking, making and sharing.", "Speak to Sandy about registration", "GATE at a glance", "IS GATE ACADEMY RIGHT FOR MY CHILD?", "GATE Academy is a year-round day school dedicated to educating academically-gifted students in grades K\u20138 with an inquiry-based curriculum.", "We are located in San Rafael, California, 20 minutes north of the Golden Gate Bridge.", "Email or call us at 415 491-4700." ] }, { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Raphael-Italian-painter-and-architect", "title": "Raphael Biography Artworks Paintings Accomplishments", "content": [ "Italian painter and architect", "Alternative Titles: Raffaello Santi, Raffaello Sanzio, Raphael Sanzio", "Raphael, Italian in full Raffaello Sanzio or Raffaello Santi, (born April 6, 1483, Urbino, Duchy of Urbino [Italy]\u2014died April 6, 1520, Rome, Papal States [Italy]), master painter and architect of the Italian High Renaissance. Raphael is best known for his Madonnas and for his large figure compositions in the Vatican. His work is admired for its clarity of form and ease of composition and for its visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur.", "Early years at Urbino", "Raphael was the son of Giovanni Santi and Magia di Battista Ciarla; his mother died in 1491. His father was, according to the 16th-century artist and biographer Giorgio Vasari, a painter \u201cof no great merit.\u201d He was, however, a man of culture who was in constant contact with the advanced artistic ideas current at the court of Urbino. He gave his son his first instruction in painting, and, before his death in 1494, when Raphael was 11, he had introduced the boy to humanistic philosophy at the court.", "Urbino had become a centre of culture during the rule of Duke Federico da Montefeltro, who encouraged the arts and attracted the visits of men of outstanding talent, including Donato Bramante, Piero della Francesca, and Leon Battista Alberti, to his court. Although Raphael would be influenced by major artists in Florence and Rome, Urbino constituted the basis for all his subsequent learning. Furthermore, the cultural vitality of the city probably stimulated the exceptional precociousness of the young artist, who, even at the beginning of the 16th century, when he was scarcely 17 years old, already displayed an extraordinary talent.", "Apprenticeship at Perugia", "The date of Raphael\u2019s arrival in Perugia is not known, but several scholars place it in 1495. The first record of Raphael\u2019s activity as a painter is found there in a document of December 10, 1500, declaring that the young painter, by then called a \u201cmaster,\u201d was commissioned to help paint an altarpiece to be completed by September 13, 1502. It is clear from this that Raphael had already given proof of his mastery, so much so that between 1501 and 1503 he received a rather important commission\u2014to paint the Coronation of the Virgin for the Oddi Chapel in the church of San Francesco, Perugia (and now in the Vatican). The great Umbrian master Pietro Perugino was executing the frescoes in the Collegio del Cambio at Perugia between 1498 and 1500, enabling Raphael, as a member of his workshop, to acquire extensive professional knowledge.", "Resurrection of Christ, oil on wood panel by Raphael, 1499\u20131502; in the Museu de Arte de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. 52 \u00d7 44 cm. \u00a9 SuperStock", "In addition to this practical instruction, Perugino\u2019s calmly exquisite style also influenced Raphael. The Giving of the Keys to St. Peter, painted in 1481\u201382 by Perugino for the Sistine Chapel of the Vatican palace, inspired Raphael\u2019s first major work, The Marriage of the Virgin (1504). Perugino\u2019s influence is seen in the emphasis on perspectives, in the graded relationships between the figures and the architecture, and in the lyrical sweetness of the figures. Nevertheless, even in this early painting, it is clear that Raphael\u2019s sensibility was different from his teacher\u2019s. The disposition of the figures is less rigidly related to the architecture, and the disposition of each figure in relation to the others is more informal and animated. The sweetness of the figures and the gentle relation between them surpasses anything in Perugino\u2019s work.", "Three small paintings done by Raphael shortly after The Marriage of the Virgin\u2014Vision of a Knight, Three Graces, and St. Michael\u2014are masterful examples of narrative painting, showing, as well as youthful freshness, a maturing ability to control the elements of his own style. Although he had learned much from Perugino, Raphael by late 1504 needed other models to work from; it is clear that his desire for knowledge was driving him to look beyond Perugia.", "Saint Michael Overwhelming the Demon (also known as The Small Saint Michael), oil on wood by Raphael, c. 1505; in the Louvre Museum, Paris. 30 \u00d7 26 cm. \u00a9 Photos.com/Jupiterimages", "Move to Florence", "Vasari vaguely recounts that Raphael followed the Perugian painter Bernardino Pinturicchio to Siena and then went on to Florence, drawn there by accounts of the work that Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo were undertaking in that city. By the autumn of 1504 Raphael had certainly arrived in Florence. It is not known if this was his first visit to Florence, but, as his works attest, it was about 1504 that he first came into substantial contact with this artistic civilization, which reinforced all the ideas he had already acquired and also opened to him new and broader horizons. Vasari records that he studied not only the works of Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Fra Bartolommeo, who were the masters of the High Renaissance, but also \u201cthe old things of Masaccio,\u201d a pioneer of the naturalism that marked the departure of the early Renaissance from the Gothic.", "Still, his principal teachers in Florence were Leonardo and Michelangelo. Many of the works that Raphael executed in the years between 1505 and 1507, most notably a great series of Madonnas including The Madonna of the Goldfinch (c. 1505), the Madonna del Prato (c. 1505), the Esterh\u00e1zy Madonna (c. 1505\u201307), and La Belle Jardini\u00e8re (c. 1507), are marked by the influence of Leonardo, who since 1480 had been making great innovations in painting. Raphael was particularly influenced by Leonardo\u2019s Madonna and Child with St. Anne pictures, which are marked by an intimacy and simplicity of setting uncommon in 15th-century art. Raphael learned the Florentine method of building up his composition in depth with pyramidal figure masses; the figures are grouped as a single unit, but each retains its own individuality and shape. A new unity of composition and suppression of inessentials distinguishes the works he painted in Florence. Raphael also owed much to Leonardo\u2019s lighting techniques; he made moderate use of Leonardo\u2019s chiaroscuro (i.e., strong contrast between light and dark), and he was especially influenced by his sfumato (i.e., use of extremely fine, soft shading instead of line to delineate forms and features). Raphael went beyond Leonardo, however, in creating new figure types whose round, gentle faces reveal uncomplicated and typically human sentiments but raised to a sublime perfection and serenity.", "Madonna del Prato, oil on wood panel by Raphael, 1505; in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna. 1.1 m \u00d7 87 cm. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna", "\u201cMadonna and Child,\u201d black chalk and pen sketch by Raphael; in the Albertina, Vienna Courtesy of the Albertina, Vienna", "In 1507 Raphael was commissioned to paint the Deposition of Christ. In this work it is obvious that Raphael set himself deliberately to learn from Michelangelo the expressive possibilities of human anatomy. But Raphael differed from Leonardo and Michelangelo, who were both painters of dark intensity and excitement, in that he wished to develop a calmer and more-extroverted style that would serve as a popular, universally accessible form of visual communication.", "Last years in Rome", "Raphael was called to Rome toward the end of 1508 by Pope Julius II at the suggestion of the architect Donato Bramante. At this time Raphael was little known in Rome, but the young man soon made a deep impression on the volatile Julius and the papal court, and his authority as a master grew day by day. Raphael was endowed with a handsome appearance and great personal charm in addition to his prodigious artistic talents, and he eventually became so popular that he was called \u201cthe prince of painters.\u201d", "Raphael spent the last 12 years of his short life in Rome. They were years of feverish activity and successive masterpieces. His first task in the city was to paint a cycle of frescoes in a suite of medium-sized rooms in the Vatican papal apartments in which Julius himself lived and worked; these rooms are known simply as the Stanze. The Stanza della Segnatura (1508\u201311) and Stanza d\u2019Eliodoro (1512\u201314) were decorated practically entirely by Raphael himself; the frescoes in the Stanza dell\u2019Incendio (1514\u201317), though designed by Raphael, were largely executed by his numerous assistants and pupils.", "The decoration of the Stanza della Segnatura was perhaps Raphael\u2019s greatest work. Julius II was a highly cultured man who surrounded himself with the most illustrious personalities of the Renaissance. He entrusted Bramante with the construction of a new basilica of St. Peter to replace the original 4th-century church; he called upon Michelangelo to execute his tomb and compelled him against his will to decorate the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel; and, sensing the genius of Raphael, he committed into his hands the interpretation of the philosophical scheme of the frescoes in the Stanza della Segnatura. This theme was the historical justification of the power of the Roman Catholic Church through Neoplatonic philosophy.", "The four main walls in the Stanza della Segnatura are occupied by the frescoes Disputa and the School of Athens on the larger walls and the Parnassus and Cardinal Virtues on the smaller walls. The two most important of these frescoes are the Disputa and the School of Athens. The Disputa, showing a celestial vision of God and his prophets and apostles above a gathering of representatives, past and present, of the Roman Catholic Church, equates through its iconography the triumph of the church and the triumph of truth. The School of Athens is a complex allegory of secular knowledge, or philosophy, showing Plato and Aristotle surrounded by philosophers, past and present, in a splendid architectural setting; it illustrates the historical continuity of Platonic thought. The School of Athens is perhaps the most famous of all Raphael\u2019s frescoes, and one of the culminating artworks of the High Renaissance. Here Raphael fills an ordered and stable space with figures in a rich variety of poses and gestures, which he controls in order to make one group of figures lead to the next in an interweaving and interlocking pattern, bringing the eye to the central figures of Plato and Aristotle at the converging point of the perspectival space. The space in which the philosophers congregate is defined by the pilasters and barrel vaults of a great basilica that is based on Bramante\u2019s design for the new St. Peter\u2019s in Rome. The general effect of the fresco is one of majestic calm, clarity, and equilibrium.", "Raphael: School of AthensDetail from School of Athens, fresco by Raphael, 1508\u201311; in the Stanza della Segnatura in the Vatican. Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York", "About the same time, probably in 1511, Raphael painted a more secular subject, the Triumph of Galatea, in the Villa Farnesina in Rome; this work was perhaps the High Renaissance\u2019s most successful evocation of the living spirit of Classical antiquity. Meanwhile, Raphael\u2019s decoration of the papal apartments continued after the death of Julius in 1513 and into the succeeding pontificate of Leo X until 1517. In contrast to the generalized allegories in the Stanza della Segnatura, the decorations in the second room, the Stanza d\u2019Eliodoro, portray specific miraculous events in the history of the Christian church. The four principal subjects are The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple, The Mass at Bolsena, The Liberation of St. Peter, and Leo I Halting Attila. These frescoes are deeper and richer in colour than are those in the earlier room, and they display a new boldness on Raphael\u2019s part in both their dramatic subjects and their unusual effects of light. The Liberation of St. Peter, for example, is a night scene and contains three separate lighting effects\u2014moonlight, the torch carried by a soldier, and the supernatural light emanating from an angel. Raphael delegated his assistants to decorate the third room, the Stanze dell\u2019Incendio, with the exception of one fresco, the Fire in the Borgo, in which his pursuit of more dramatic pictorial incidents and his continuing study of the male nude are plainly apparent.", "The Madonnas that Raphael painted in Rome show him turning away from the serenity and gentleness of his earlier works in order to emphasize qualities of energetic movement and grandeur. His Alba Madonna (1508) epitomizes the serene sweetness of the Florentine Madonnas but shows a new maturity of emotional expression and supreme technical sophistication in the poses of the figures. It was followed by the Madonna di Foligno (1510) and the Sistine Madonna (1513), which show both the richness of colour and the new boldness in compositional invention typical of Raphael\u2019s Roman period. Some of his other late Madonnas, such as the Madonna of Francis I, are remarkable for their polished elegance.", "Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione, oil on canvas by Raphael, 1516; in the Louvre, Paris. 82 \u00d7 66 cm. Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York", "Portrait of Dona Isabel de Requesens, Vice-Reine of Naples, formerly Portrait of Jeanne d Aragon Raffaello, oil on canvas (18th century) transferred from oil on wood by Raphael and Giulio Romano, 1518; in the Louvre Museum, Paris. 1.20 x 0.95 m. \u00a9 Photos.com/Jupiterimages", "Besides his other accomplishments, Raphael became the most important portraitist in Rome during the first two decades of the 16th century. He introduced new types of presentation and new psychological situations for his sitters, as seen in the portrait of Leo X with Two Cardinals (1517\u201319). Raphael\u2019s finest work in the genre is perhaps the Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione (1516), a brilliant and arresting character study.", "Leo X commissioned Raphael to design 10 large tapestries to hang on the walls of the Sistine Chapel. Seven of the 10 cartoons (full-size preparatory drawings) were completed by 1516, and the tapestries woven after them were hung in place in the chapel by 1519. Those cartoons represent Christ\u2019s Charge to Peter, The Miraculous Draught of Fishes, The Death of Ananias, The Healing of the Lame Man, The Blinding of Elymas, The Sacrifice at Lystra, and St. Paul Preaching at Athens. In these pictures Raphael created prototypes that would influence the European tradition of narrative history painting for centuries to come. The cartoons display Raphael\u2019s keen sense of drama, his use of gestures and facial expressions to portray emotion, and his incorporation of credible physical settings from both the natural world and that of ancient Roman architecture.", "While he was at work in the Stanza della Segnatura, Raphael also did his first architectural work, designing the church of Sant\u2019Eligio degli Orefici. In 1513 the banker Agostino Chigi, whose Villa Farnesina Raphael had already decorated, commissioned him to design and decorate his funerary chapel in the church of Santa Maria del Popolo. In 1514 Leo X chose him to work on the basilica of St. Peter\u2019s alongside Bramante; when Bramante died later that year, Raphael assumed the direction of the work, transforming the plans of the church from a Greek, or radial, to a Latin, or longitudinal, design.", "Raphael was also a keen student of archaeology and of ancient Greco-Roman sculpture, echoes of which are apparent in his paintings of the human figure during the Roman period. In 1515 Leo X put him in charge of the supervision of the preservation of marbles bearing valuable Latin inscriptions; two years later he was appointed commissioner of antiquities for the city, and he drew up an archaeological map of Rome. Raphael had by this time been put in charge of virtually all of the papacy\u2019s various artistic projects in Rome, involving architecture, paintings and decoration, and the preservation of antiquities.", "Raphael\u2019s last masterpiece is the Transfiguration (commissioned by Giulio Cardinal de\u2019 Medici in 1517), an enormous altarpiece that was unfinished at his death and completed by his assistant Giulio Romano. The Transfiguration is a complex work that combines extreme formal polish and elegance of execution with an atmosphere of tension and violence communicated by the agitated gestures of closely crowded groups of figures. It shows a new sensibility that is like the prevision of a new world, turbulent and dynamic; in its feeling and composition it inaugurated the Mannerist movement and tends toward an expression that may even be called Baroque.", "Raphael died on his 37th birthday. His funeral mass was celebrated at the Vatican, his Transfiguration was placed at the head of the bier, and his body was buried in the Pantheon in Rome.", "Western architecture: High Renaissance in Italy (1495\u20131520)", "As completed by Raphael, there are two superimposed arcades with Tuscan and Ionic orders and a colonnade with Composite columns.\u2026", "Rome: The Esquiline", "\u2026years later, when the painter Raphael and his friends were let down on ropes to look, the style they imitated in decorating the Vatican loggias was called grottesche (see also grotesque).\u2026", "Raphael and Michelangelo were also outstanding draftsmen. Each of them used drawing in order to allow his thoughts about individual works to mature; each had a highly personal drawing style, the one with a soft and rounded stroke, the other with a sculptor\u2019s intermittent and\u2026", "tapestry: 16th century", "\u2026between 1514 and 1516 by Raphael (1483\u20131520). Little or no concession had been made to the tapestry medium for which the cartoons were intended, but the tapestries were a great success, and numerous copies of them were subsequently made.\u2026", "Renaissance art, painting, sculpture, architecture, music, and literature produced during the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries in Europe under the combined influences of an increased awareness of nature, a revival of classical learning, and a more individualistic view of man. Scholars no longer believe that the Renaissance marked an abrupt\u2026", "More About Raphael", "association with Sebastiano del Piombo", "In Sebastiano del Piombo", "Farnesina villa", "grottesche style", "In Rome: The Esquiline", "Palazzo Caprini residence", "In Donato Bramante: Roman period", "tapestry development", "In tapestry: 16th century", "Urbino majolica", "In Urbino majolica", "In Mannerism", "In mural: The High Renaissance", "In Western architecture: High Renaissance in Italy (1495\u20131520)", "The Catholic Encyclopedia - Biography of Raphael", "Web Gallery of Art - Biography of Raffaello Sanzio", "Raphael - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)", "Urbino, Italy", "\u201cSchool of Athens\u201d", "\u201cThe Liberation of St. Peter\u201d", "\u201cDisputa\u201d", "Stanza d\u2019Elidoro", "\u201cTransfiguration\u201d", "\u201cThe Marriage of the Virgin\u201d" ] }, { "url": "https://ccappeducation.org/index.php/academy-caarr-institute", "title": "CCAPP Academy Education", "content": [ "CCAPP Academy", "Search for CEU Providers", "Weekend classes to get you to your goal available now!", "CCAPP Academy is user-friendly, local access, and it s hands-on learning approaches it is famous for and will be expanding throughout the state offering more locations, a greater selection of classes and cutting edge curriculum to keep California counselors in the forefront of their profession.", "Join CCAPP s e-mail list to keep informed of new classes and locations: CCAPP Academy Mail List.", "Take a look at the locations and start times below to decide where you would like to take classes and when you would like to start.", "Download the Admissions Application Request by clicking here and fax, scan or mail it back to CCAPP.", "Review the CCAPP Academy 2018 Catalogue to see details about the program.", "You will be notified that your class is scheduled and will be sent forms to complete to complete your enrollment.", "Benefits of attending the CCAPP Academy:", "Great modular format - 56 Weeks in 336 hours (Click here to view class list)", "Classes designed to be interactive and keep you thinking!", "Mentoring and career assistance", "The security of knowing that your education will count toward certification - it isn\u2019t lost or wasted along the way", "The pride that comes with saying, \u201cI\u2019m a CADC!\u201d", "It s affordable - the cost of the 336 hour course is only $2,000. (Check or credit card only)", "Staff and Volunteers of CCAPP Program Members receive a $300 discount for the Alcohol and Drug Studies classes. Staff and Volunteers of CCAPP Program Members where the program pays for the Alcohol and Drug Studies classes receive a $500 discount.", "About the CCAPP Academy:", "The California Association of Addiction Recovery Resources (CAARR) established the CAARR Institute in 1978 to offer an alternative form of education for recovering people working in the alcohol and drug treatment profession. The CAARR Institute was renamed the CCAPP Academy in 2017.", "Many of these recovering people chose to work in programs providing peer leadership and experience after finding recovery themselves through participation in alcohol and drug programs. It was discovered that these individuals, who understood the process of recovery that worked for them, could improve their effectiveness by gaining knowledge and technical skills through education.", "The Academy was designed to be offered in a comfortable, less academic atmosphere in easily accessible locations. Instructors are recruited who have an in-depth understanding of the curriculum and can enlighten students with their vast experience in the field.", "As more research on recovery and addiction becomes available the curriculum is revised, edited, and expanded to meet the changing needs of students, programs, and the people they serve.", "Today the Academy has grown and is offered at locations throughout California, including suburban, urban, and rural communities. The geographic scope of the CCAPP Academy reaches from Imperial County in Southern California and as far north as Modoc County.", "The curriculum addresses a broad scope of information including but not limited to the areas of Core Competencies as developed in the CSAT TAP 21. Successful completion of the Academy fulfills the education.", "With weekend classes starting four times a year, the CCAPP Academy is the convenient and affordable way to obtain your goal of certification. You can do it... they did!", "The CCAPP Academy is BPPE Approved", "The CCAPP Academy was granted a significant approval from the State of California in 2012. An Approval to Operate was granted to CCAPP Academy by the Bureau for Private Postsecondary Education (BPPE).", "Approval or approval to operate means that the Bureau has determined and certified that an institution meets minimum standards established by the Bureau for integrity, financial stability, and educational quality, including the offering of bona fide instruction by qualified faculty and the appropriate assessment of students achievement prior to, during, and at the end of its program.", "The California Bureau for Private Postsecondary Education is a unit of the California Department of Consumer Affairs charged with regulation of private postsecondary educational institutions operating in the state of California. The agency s main focus is on identifying diploma mills and ensuring a high level of quality in California s Postsecondary schools.", "Current BPPE Report (Annual Accounting)", "Current BPPE Fact Sheet (How we did)", "Student Bill of Rights (CCAPP s promise to you)", "CCAPP Academy Flyer", "2014 BPPE Fact Sheet", "2012/2013 BPPE Annual Report", "2012/2013 BPPE Fact Sheet", "The CAARR Institute was perfect for me. I wanted to be with classmates and know my instructor. If I had questions, I got answers on the spot. I know I will be successful and will pass my test on the first try. I am so glad the CAARR Institute will live on as CCAPP Academy of the future.", "All Saturday Classes start dates:", "Sacramento Monday/Wednesday Class start dates:", "Sacramento Tuesday/Thursday Class start dates:", "New locations:", "Sacramento Monday/Wednesday", "Current CCAPP Academy Locations*", "Classes are scheduled according to enrollment. Sign up early to ensure that your location will be staffed.", "Do you want to become an instructor?", "Upload your current CV or resume to Kristina Padilla at [email protected] for more information." ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Nadal", "title": "Rafael Nadal Wikipedia", "content": [ "Nadal redirects here. For other people, see Nadal (surname).", "This article uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Nadal and the second or maternal family name is Parera.", "Toni Nadal (2005\u20132017)", "Francisco Roig (2005\u2013)", "Carlos Moy\u00e1 (2016\u2013)", "985\u2013200 (83.1% in ATP Tour and Grand Slam main draw matches, and in Davis Cup; 1st in the Open Era)", "No. 2 (3 February 2020)[1]", "137\u201374 (64.9% in ATP Tour and Grand Slam main draw matches, and in Davis Cup)", "W (2004, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2019)", "2008 Beijing Singles", "2016 Rio de Janeiro Doubles", "Last updated on: 10 February 2020.", "Rafael Rafa Nadal Parera (Catalan: [r\u0259f(\u0259)\u02c8\u025bl n\u0259\u02c8\u00f0al p\u0259\u02c8\u027ee\u027e\u0259], Spanish: [rafa\u02c8el na\u02c8\u00f0al pa\u02c8\u027ee\u027ea];[2] born 3 June 1986) is a Spanish professional tennis player currently ranked world No. 2 in men s singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).[3]", "Nadal has won 19 Grand Slam singles titles, the second-most in history for a male player, as well as a record 35 ATP Tour Masters 1000 titles, 20 ATP Tour 500 titles and the 2008 Olympic gold medal in singles. In addition, Nadal has held the world No. 1 ranking for a total of 209 weeks, including being the year-end No. 1 five times.[3] In majors, Nadal has won a record twelve French Open titles, four US Open titles, two Wimbledon titles and one Australian Open title, and won at least one Grand Slam every year for a record ten consecutive years (2005\u20132014). Nadal has won 84 career titles overall, including the most outdoor titles in the Open Era (82) and a record 59 titles on clay. With 81 consecutive wins on clay, Nadal holds the record for the longest single-surface win streak in the Open Era.", "Nadal has been involved in five Davis Cup titles with Spain, and currently has a 29-win streak and 29\u20131 record in singles matches at the event. In 2010, at the age of 24, he became the seventh male player and the youngest of five in the Open Era to achieve the singles Career Grand Slam. Nadal is the second male player after Andre Agassi to complete the singles Career Golden Slam, as well as the second male player after Mats Wilander to have won at least two Grand Slams on all three surfaces (grass, hard court and clay). He has received the tour Sportsmanship Award three times and has been named the ATP Player of the Year five times and the ITF World Champion four times. In 2011, Nadal was named the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year.[4]", "2 Professional tennis career", "2.1 2001\u20132004: Early career and Davis Cup title", "2.2 2005: First Grand Slam title", "2.3 2006: Second French Open title", "2.4 2007: Third French Open title", "2.5 2008: Two majors, Olympic gold, second Davis Cup, No. 1 ranking", "2.6 2009: Australian Open and Davis Cup titles", "2.7 2010: No. 1 ranking and Career Golden Slam", "2.8 2011: Sixth French Open title and Davis Cup crown", "2.9 2012: Seventh French Open title", "2.10 2013: Two major titles, back to No. 1", "2.11 2014: Ninth French Open title and injuries", "2.12 2015: Continued struggles and rankings drop", "2.13 2016: Second Olympic gold medal", "2.14 2017: Two major titles and year-end No. 1", "2.15 2018: 11th French Open title", "2.16 2019: Two major titles, year-end No. 1 and Davis Cup crown", "2.17 2020: ATP Cup final", "3.1 Nadal vs. Federer", "3.2 Nadal vs. Djokovic", "3.3 Nadal vs. Murray", "3.5 Nadal vs. Ferrer", "3.6 Nadal vs. Del Potro", "3.7 Nadal vs. Berdych", "5 Playing style and coaching", "6.1 Equipment and endorsements", "6.2 Court name", "6.4 Asteroid", "7 Off the court", "7.1 Rafa Nadal Sports Centre", "7.2.1 Fundaci\u00f3n Rafa Nadal", "7.2.2 Floods in Majorca", "7.2.3 Other charities", "7.3 Involvement in football", "9.2 Finals: 27 (19 titles, 8 runner-ups)", "9.3 Year\u2013End Championships performance timeline", "9.4.1 All-time tournament records", "9.4.2 Open Era records", "9.5 Professional awards", "Rafael Nadal was born in Manacor, a town on the island of Mallorca in the Balearic Islands, Spain, to parents Ana Mar\u00eda Parera and Sebasti\u00e1n Nadal Homar. His father is a businessman, owner of an insurance company, glass and window company Vidres Mallorca, and the restaurant, Sa Punta. Rafael has a younger sister, Mar\u00eda Isabel. His uncle, Miguel \u00c1ngel Nadal, is a retired professional footballer, who played for RCD Mallorca, FC Barcelona, and the Spanish national team.[5] He idolized Barcelona striker Ronaldo as a child, and via his uncle got access to the Barcelona dressing room to have a photo with the Brazilian.[6] Recognizing in Rafael a natural talent, another uncle, Toni Nadal, a former professional tennis player, introduced him to tennis when he was three years old.[7]", "At age 8, Nadal won an under-12 regional tennis championship at a time when he was also a promising football player.[8] This made Toni Nadal intensify training, and it was at that time that his uncle encouraged Nadal to play left-handed for a natural advantage on the tennis court, after studying Nadal s then two-handed forehand stroke.[8]", "At age 12, Nadal won the Spanish and European tennis titles in his age group, while also playing football.[8] Nadal s father made him choose between football and tennis so that his school work would not deteriorate entirely. Nadal said: I chose tennis. Football had to stop straight away. [8]", "When he was 14, the Spanish tennis federation requested that Nadal leave Mallorca and move to Barcelona to continue his tennis training. His family turned down this request, partly because they feared his education would suffer,[8] but also because Toni said that I don t want to believe that you have to go to America, or other places to be a good athlete. You can do it from your home. [7] The decision to stay home meant less financial support from the federation; instead, Nadal s father covered the costs. In May 2001, he defeated former Grand Slam tournament champion Pat Cash in a clay-court exhibition match.[5]", "Professional tennis career", "2001\u20132004: Early career and Davis Cup title", "Nadal turned professional at age 15,[9] and participated in two events on the ITF junior circuit. On 29 April 2002, at 15 years and 10 months, the world No. 762 Nadal won his first ATP match, defeating Ram\u00f3n Delgado,[10] and became the ninth player in the Open Era to do so before the age of 16.[11]", "In 2001, Nadal finished the year with a Challenger series record of 1\u20131 in singles with no titles or finals appearances. He did not participate in any doubles Challengers events. At ITF Futures, Nadal s record was 7\u20135 in singles and 1\u20132 in doubles, with no titles or finals appearances.[12]", "In 2002, aged 16, Nadal reached the semifinals of the Boys Singles tournament at Wimbledon, in his first ITF junior event.[13] In the same year, he helped Spain defeat the US in the final of the Junior Davis Cup in his second, and final, appearance on the ITF junior circuit.[13][14] Nadal s Challenger level record in 2002 was 4\u20132 in singles with no titles. He did not participate in any doubles Challengers events. Nadal finished the year with a Futures record of 40\u20139 in singles and 10\u20139 in doubles. He won 6 singles tournaments at this level, including 5 on clay and 1 on hard courts. He did not reach any doubles finals.[15][16] Nadal also entered the clay-court Mallorca Open, part of the ATP International Series, at the end of April as a wildcard, where he participated in both singles and doubles. In singles, Nadal won his first ever ATP match, defeating Ram\u00f3n Delgado in the Round of 32. He then was defeated in the Round of 16 by Olivier Rochus.[15] In doubles, Nadal and his partner, Bartolom\u00e9 Salv\u00e1 Vidal, were defeated in the first round by David Adams and Simon Aspelin.[17]", "Rafael Nadal singles-ranking history chart through January 2020", "Singles ranking composite history chart through January 2020 (Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic)", "In 2003, Nadal won two Challenger titles and finished the year ranked No. 49. He won the ATP Newcomer of the Year Award. In his Wimbledon debut in 2003, he became the youngest man to reach the third round since Boris Becker in 1984.[18] After Wimbledon Nadal participated at Bastad, where he lost to Nicolas Lapentti in the quarterfinals, and at Stuttgart, where he lost to Fernando Gonzalez in the Round of 32. Finally, at Umag, he lost to Carlos Moya in the semifinals. After playing two more Challenger level events, the last Challenger tournaments of his career, Nadal finished his 2003 campaign with three first round losses in ATP events.[12] Nadal also competed in seven doubles tournaments in 2003, and won his first ATP title (doubles or singles) at the clay-court Croatia Open in Umag, where he partnered with \u00c1lex L\u00f3pez Mor\u00f3n to defeat Todd Perry and Thomas Shimada in straight sets in the final.[19]", "2004 started with a doubles championship alongside Tommy Robredo at the Maharashtra Open.[20] In singles, Nadal reached the third round of the 2004 Australian Open where he lost in three sets against Australian Lleyton Hewitt. Later that year, the 34th-ranked 17-year-old played the first of many matches against Federer, then ranked No. 1, at the Miami Open, and won in straight sets,[21][22] before losing to Fernando Gonz\u00e1lez in the fourth round. He was one of the six players who defeated Federer that year (along with Tim Henman, Albert Costa, Gustavo Kuerten, Dominik Hrbat\u00fd, and Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych). He missed most of the clay court season, including the French Open, because of a stress fracture in his left ankle.[5] In August, Nadal won his first ATP singles title at the Prokom Open by defeating Jos\u00e9 Acasuso in the final in two sets.[23]", "Nadal, at 18 years and six months, became the youngest player to register a singles victory in a Davis Cup final for a winning nation.[24] By beating No. 2 Andy Roddick, he helped Spain clinch the 2004 title over the United States in a 3\u20132 win. He finished the year ranked No. 51.", "2005: First Grand Slam title", "Main article: 2005 Rafael Nadal tennis season", "At the 2005 Australian Open, Nadal lost in the fourth round to eventual runner-up Lleyton Hewitt. Two months later, he reached the final of the 2005 Miami Masters, and despite being two points from a straight-sets victory, he was defeated in five sets by No. 1 Roger Federer. Both performances were considered breakthroughs for Nadal.[25][26]", "He then dominated the spring clay-court season. He won 24 consecutive singles matches, breaking Andre Agassi s Open Era record of consecutive match wins for a male teenager.[27] Nadal won the Torneo Conde de God\u00f3 in Barcelona and beat 2004 French Open runner-up Guillermo Coria in the finals of the 2005 Monte Carlo Masters and the 2005 Rome Masters. These victories raised his ranking to No. 5[28] and made him one of the favorites at his career-first French Open. On his 19th birthday, Nadal defeated Federer in the 2005 French Open semifinals, being one of only four players to defeat the top-seeded player that year (along with Marat Safin, Richard Gasquet, and David Nalbandian). Two days later, he defeated Mariano Puerta in the final, becoming the second male player, after Mats Wilander in 1982, to win the French Open on his first attempt. He was the first teenager to win a Grand Slam singles title since Pete Sampras won the 1990 US Open at age 19.[5] Winning improved his ranking to No. 3.[28]", "Three days after his victory in Paris, Nadal s 24-match winning streak was snapped in the first round of the grass court Gerry Weber Open in Halle, Germany, where he lost to Alexander Waske.[29] He then lost in the second round of 2005 Wimbledon to Gilles M\u00fcller of Luxembourg. Immediately after Wimbledon, Nadal won 16 consecutive matches and three consecutive tournaments, bringing his ranking to No. 2 on 25 July 2005. Nadal started his North American summer hard-court season by defeating Agassi in the final of the 2005 Canada Masters, but lost in the first round of the 2005 Cincinnati Masters. Nadal was seeded second at the 2005 US Open, but was upset in the third round by No. 49 James Blake in four sets.", "In September, he defeated Coria in the final of the China Open in Beijing and won both of his Davis Cup matches against Italy. In October, he won his fourth ATP Masters Series title of the year, defeating Ivan Ljubi\u010di\u0107 in the final of the 2005 Madrid Masters. He then suffered a foot injury that prevented his competing in the year-ending Tennis Masters Cup.[30]", "Both Nadal and Federer won eleven singles titles and four ATP Masters Series titles in 2005. Nadal broke Mats Wilander s previous teenage record of nine in 1983.[31] Nine of Nadal s titles were on clay, and the remainder were on hard courts. Nadal won 79 matches, second only to Federer s 81. Nadal won the Golden Bagel Award for 2005, with eleven 6\u20130 sets during the year.[32] Also, he earned the highest year-end ranking ever by a Spaniard and the ATP Most Improved Player of the Year award.", "2006: Second French Open title", "Nadal missed the Australian Open because of a foot injury.[33] In February, he lost in the semifinals of the first tournament he played, the Open 13 tournament in Marseille, France. Two weeks later, he handed Roger Federer his first loss of the year in the final of the Dubai Duty Free Men s Open (in 2006, Rafael Nadal and Andy Murray were the only two men who defeated Federer). To complete the spring hard-court season, Nadal was upset in the semifinals of the Pacific Life Open in Indian Wells, California, by James Blake, and was upset in the second round of the 2006 Miami Masters.", "On European clay, Nadal won all four tournaments he entered and 24 consecutive matches. He defeated Federer in the final of the Masters Series Monte Carlo in four sets. The following week, he defeated Tommy Robredo in the final of the Open Sabadell Atl\u00e1ntico tournament in Barcelona. After a one-week break, Nadal won the Masters Series Internazionali BNL d Italia in Rome, defeating Federer in a fifth-set tiebreaker in the final, after saving two match points and equaling Bj\u00f6rn Borg s tally of 16 ATP titles won as a teenager. Nadal broke Argentinian Guillermo Vilas s 29-year male record of 53 consecutive clay-court match victories by winning his first round match at the French Open. Vilas presented Nadal with a trophy, but commented later that Nadal s feat was less impressive than his own because Nadal s winning streak covered two years and was accomplished by adding easy tournaments to his schedule.[34] Nadal went on to play Federer in the final of the French Open. The first two sets of the match were hardly competitive, as the rivals traded 6\u20131 sets. Nadal won the third set easily and served for the match in the fourth set before Federer broke him and forced a tiebreaker. Nadal won the tiebreaker and became the first to defeat Federer in a Grand Slam tournament final.[35]", "2006 French Open champion", "Nadal injured his shoulder during a quarterfinal match against Lleyton Hewitt at the Artois Championships, played on grass at the Queen s Club in London.[36] Nadal was unable to complete the match, which ended his 26-match winning streak. Nadal was seeded second at Wimbledon, and was two points from defeat against American qualifier Robert Kendrick in the second round before coming back to win in five sets. In the third round, Nadal defeated No. 20 Andre Agassi in straight sets in Agassi s last career match at Wimbledon. Nadal also won his next three matches in straight sets, which set up his first Wimbledon final, which was against Federer, who had won this tournament the three previous years. Nadal was the first Spanish man since Manuel Santana in 1966, to reach the Wimbledon final, but Federer won the match in four sets to win his fourth consecutive Wimbledon title.", "During the lead up to the US Open, Nadal played the two Masters Series tournaments in North America. He was upset in the third round of the Rogers Cup in Toronto and the quarterfinals of the Western & Southern Financial Group Masters in Cincinnati. Nadal was seeded second at the US Open, but lost in the quarterfinals to No. 54 Mikhail Youzhny of Russia in four sets.", "Nadal played only three tournaments the remainder of the year. Joachim Johansson, ranked No. 690, upset Nadal in the second round of the Stockholm Open. The following week, Nadal lost to Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych in the quarterfinals of the year s last Masters Series tournament, the Mutua Madrile\u00f1a Masters in Madrid. During the round-robin stage of the year-ending Tennis Masters Cup, Nadal lost to James Blake but defeated Nikolay Davydenko and Robredo. Because of those two victories, Nadal qualified for the semifinals, where he lost to Federer. This was Nadal s third loss in nine career matches with Federer.", "Nadal went on to become the first player since Andre Agassi in 1994\u201395 to finish the year ranked No. 2 in consecutive years.", "2007: Third French Open title", "Nadal started the year by playing in six hard-court tournaments. He lost in the semifinals and first round of his first two tournaments and then lost in the quarterfinals of the Australian Open to eventual runner-up Fernando Gonz\u00e1lez. After another quarterfinal loss at the Dubai Tennis Championships, he won the 2007 Indian Wells Masters, before Novak Djokovic defeated him in the quarterfinals of the 2007 Miami Masters.", "He had comparatively more success after returning to Europe to play five clay-court tournaments. He won the titles at the Masters Series Monte Carlo, the Open Sabadell Atl\u00e1ntico in Barcelona, and the Masters Series Internazionali BNL d Italia in Rome, before losing to Roger Federer in the final of the Masters Series Hamburg. This defeat ended his 81-match winning streak on clay, which is the male Open Era record for consecutive wins on a single surface. He then rebounded to win the French Open for the third straight year, defeating Federer once again in the final. Between the tournaments in Barcelona and Rome, Nadal defeated Federer in the Battle of Surfaces exhibition match in Mallorca, Spain, with the tennis court being half grass and half clay.[37]", "Nadal played the Artois Championships at the Queen s Club in London for the second consecutive year. As in 2006, Nadal was upset in the quarterfinals. Nadal then won consecutive five-set matches during the third and fourth rounds of Wimbledon before being beaten by Federer in the five-set final. This was Federer s first five-set match at Wimbledon since 2001.[38] In July, Nadal won the clay court Mercedes Cup in Stuttgart, which proved to be his last title of the year. He played three important tournaments during the North American summer hard court season. He was a semifinalist at the Masters Series Rogers Cup in Montreal before losing his first match at the Western & Southern Financial Group Masters in Cincinnati. He was the second-seeded player at the US Open, but was defeated in the fourth round by David Ferrer.", "After a month-long break from tournament tennis, Nadal played the Mutua Madrile\u00f1a Masters in Madrid and the BNP Paribas Masters in Paris. David Nalbandian upset him in the quarterfinals and final of those tournaments. To end the year, Nadal won two of his three-round robin matches to advance to the semifinals of the Tennis Masters Cup in Shanghai, where Federer defeated him in straight sets.", "During the second half of the year, Nadal battled a knee injury suffered during the Wimbledon final. In addition, there were rumors at the end of the year that the foot injury he suffered during 2005, caused long-term damage, which were given credence by coach Toni Nadal s claim that the problem was serious . Nadal and his spokesman strongly denied this, however, with Nadal himself calling the story totally false .[39]", "2008: Two majors, Olympic gold, second Davis Cup, No. 1 ranking", "Nadal began the year in India, where he was comprehensively beaten by Mikhail Youzhny in the final of the Chennai Open. Nadal then reached the semifinals of the Australian Open for the first time. Jo-Wilfried Tsonga defeated Nadal in the semifinal of 2008 Australian Open. Nadal also reached the final of the Miami Masters for the second time.", "During the spring clay-court season, Nadal won four singles titles and defeated Roger Federer in three finals. He beat Federer at the Masters Series Monte Carlo for the third straight year, capturing his Open Era record fourth consecutive title there.[40] Nadal then won his fourth consecutive title at the Open Sabadell Atl\u00e1ntico tournament in Barcelona. A few weeks later, Nadal won his first title at the Masters Series Hamburg, defeating Federer in a three-set final. He then won the French Open, becoming the fifth man in the Open Era to win a Grand Slam singles title without losing a set.[41] He defeated Federer in the final for the third straight year, but this was the most lopsided of all their matches, as Nadal only lost four games and gave Federer his first bagel since 1999.[40] This was Nadal s fourth consecutive French title, tying Bj\u00f6rn Borg s all-time record. Nadal became the fourth male player during Open era to win the same Grand Slam singles tournament four consecutive years (the others being Borg, Pete Sampras, and Federer).", "Nadal then played Federer in the final of Wimbledon for the third consecutive year, in the most anticipated match of their rivalry.[42][43] Nadal entered the final on a 23-match winning streak, including his first career grass-court title at the Artois Championships staged at the Queen s Club in London prior to Wimbledon. Federer had won his record fifth grass-court title at the Gerry Weber Open in Halle, and then reached the Wimbledon final without losing a set. Unlike their previous two Wimbledon finals, though, Federer was not the prohibitive favorite, and many analysts picked Nadal to win.[43][44] They played the longest (in terms of time on court, not in terms of numbers of games) final in Wimbledon history, and because of rain delays, Nadal won the fifth set 9\u20137 in near-darkness. (The 2019 final later broke the record of longest Wimbledon final.) The match was widely lauded as the greatest Wimbledon final ever, with some tennis critics even calling it the greatest match in tennis history.[45][46][47][48][49]", "By winning his first Wimbledon title, Nadal became the third man in the open era to win both the French Open and Wimbledon in the same year, after Rod Laver in 1969, and Borg in 1978\u20131980, (Federer later accomplished this the following year) as well as the second Spaniard to win Wimbledon. He also ended Federer s record streak of five consecutive Wimbledon titles and 65 straight wins on grass courts. This was also the first time that Nadal won two Grand Slam tournaments back-to-back.", "After Wimbledon, Nadal extended his winning streak to a career-best 32 matches. He won his second Rogers Cup title in Toronto, and then made it into the semifinals of the Western & Southern Financial Group Masters in Cincinnati. As a result, Nadal clinched the US Open Series and, combined with Federer s early-round losses in both of those tournaments, finally earned the world No. 1 ranking on 18 August, officially ending Federer s record four-and-a-half-year reign at the top.", "At the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Nadal defeated Fernando Gonz\u00e1lez of Chile in the final to win his first Olympic gold medal.[50]", "At the US Open, Nadal was the top-seeded player for the first time at a Grand Slam tournament. He did not lose a set during his first three matches, defeating qualifiers in the first and second rounds and Viktor Troicki in the third round. In the semifinals, he lost to Andy Murray. Later in the year in Madrid, Nadal helped Spain defeat the United States in the Davis Cup semifinals.", "At the Mutua Madrile\u00f1a Masters in Madrid, Nadal lost in the semifinals to Gilles Simon. However, his performance at the event guaranteed that he would become the first Spaniard during the open era to finish the year ranked No. 1.[51] Two weeks later at the BNP Paribas Masters in Paris, Nadal reached the quarterfinals, where he withdrew because of a knee injury.[52] The following week, Nadal announced his withdrawal from the year-ending Tennis Masters Cup in Shanghai, citing tendinitis of the knee. On 10 November, Nadal withdrew from Spain s Davis Cup final against Argentina, as his knee injury had not healed completely.[53]", "2009: Australian Open and Davis Cup titles", "Nadal s first official ATP tour event for the year was the 250 series Qatar Open in Doha, where he lost in the quarterfinals to Ga\u00ebl Monfils. Nadal also entered and won the tournament s doubles event with partner Marc L\u00f3pez, defeating the No. 1-ranked doubles team of Daniel Nestor and Nenad Zimonji\u0107 in the final. At the 2009 Australian Open, Nadal won his first five matches without dropping a set, before defeating compatriot Fernando Verdasco in the semifinals in the second longest match in Australian Open history at 5 hours and 14 minutes.[54] This win set up a championship match with Roger Federer, their first meeting ever in a hard-court Grand Slam tournament. Nadal defeated Federer in five sets to earn his first hard-court Grand Slam singles title,[55] making him the first Spaniard to win the Australian Open.[56]", "At the ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament in Rotterdam, Nadal lost in the final to second-seeded Andy Murray in three sets.[57] Although this knee problem was not associated with Nadal s right-knee tendonitis, it was serious enough to cause him to withdraw from the Dubai Championships a week later.[58] In March, Nadal helped Spain defeat Serbia in a Davis Cup World Group first-round tie on clay in Benidorm, Spain. Nadal defeated Janko Tipsarevi\u0107 and Novak Djokovic.[59][60] At the 2009 Indian Wells Masters, Nadal won his thirteenth Masters 1000 series tournament, defeating Murray in the final. The next ATP tour event was the 2009 Miami Masters. Nadal advanced to the quarterfinals, where he again faced Argentinian del Potro, this time losing the match.[61]", "Nadal began his European clay court season at the Monte Carlo Masters, where he defeated Novak Djokovic to win a record fifth consecutive singles title there.[62] He then won back to back titles in Barcelona and Rome Masters, defeating Ferrer and Djokovic respectively.[63][64] He then surprisingly lost the final of the Madrid Open to Roger Federer. This was the first time that Nadal had lost to Federer since the semifinals of the 2007 Tennis Masters Cup.", "By beating Lleyton Hewitt in the third round of the French Open, Nadal set a record of 31 consecutive wins at the French Open, beating the previous record of 28 by Bj\u00f6rn Borg. This run came to an end on 31 May 2009, when Nadal lost to eventual runner-up, Robin S\u00f6derling in the 4th round. This was Nadal s first and, until 2015, only loss at the French Open. After his surprise defeat in France, Nadal withdrew from the AEGON Championships. It was confirmed that he was suffering from tendinitis in both of his knees.[65] On 19 June, Nadal withdrew from the 2009 Wimbledon Championships, citing his recurring knee injury.[66] Roger Federer went on to win the title, and Nadal consequently dropped back to No. 2 on 6 July 2009.", "On 4 August, Toni Nadal confirmed that Nadal would return to play at the Rogers Cup in Montreal.[67] There, he lost in the quarterfinals to Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro.[68] With this loss, he relinquished the No. 2 spot to Andy Murray on 17 August 2009, ranking outside the top two for the first time since 25 July 2005.", "At the US Open Nadal fell in the semifinals, losing to eventual champion Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro.[69] At the World Tour Finals, Nadal lost all three of his matches against Robin S\u00f6derling, Nikolay Davydenko, and Novak Djokovic respectively without winning a set. In December, Nadal participated in the second Davis Cup final of his career. He defeated Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych in his first singles rubber to give the Spanish Davis Cup Team their first point in the tie. After the Spanish Davis Cup team had secured its fourth Davis Cup victory, Nadal defeated Jan H\u00e1jek in the first Davis Cup dead rubber of his career.", "Nadal finished the year as No. 2 for the fourth time in five years. Nadal won the Golden Bagel Award for the third time in 2009, with nine 6\u20130 sets during the year.", "2010: No. 1 ranking and Career Golden Slam", "Nadal began the year by participating in the Capitala World Tennis Championship in Abu Dhabi. In the final, Nadal defeated Robin S\u00f6derling in straight sets.[70] Nadal participated in the Qatar ExxonMobil Open ATP 250 event in Doha, where he lost in the finals to Nikolay Davydenko.[71][71] In the Australian Open, Nadal reached the quarterfinals, where he had to pull out at 3\u20130 down in the third set against Andy Murray.[72] After examining Nadal s knees, doctors told him that he should take two weeks of rest, and then two weeks of rehabilitation.", "Nadal reached the semifinals in singles at the BNP Paribas Open in Indian Wells, where he was defeated by Ivan Ljubi\u010di\u0107 in three sets.[73] After Indian Wells, Nadal reached the semifinals of the Sony Ericsson Open, where he lost to eventual champion Andy Roddick in three sets.[74] Nadal won the Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters, beating Fernando Verdasco in the final. With this win, Nadal became the first player in the open era to win a tournament title for six straight years.[75] Nadal next chose to skip the Barcelona tournament, and his next tournament was the Rome Masters. He defeated David Ferrer in the final for his fifth title at Rome. Nadal then won the 2010 Mutua Madrile\u00f1a Madrid Open, defeating Roger Federer in straight sets. The win gave him his 18th Masters title, breaking the all-time record. Nadal moved back to No. 2 the following day.", "Entering the French Open, many were expecting another Nadal-Federer final. However, Robin S\u00f6derling defeated Federer in the quarterfinals.[76] Nadal advanced to the final and defeated S\u00f6derling in straight sets. The victory marked the second time that Nadal had won the French Open without dropping a set.", "In June, Nadal entered the AEGON Championships, which he had won in 2008. He was defeated by compatriot Feliciano L\u00f3pez in the quarterfinals. At the Wimbledon Championships, he won his first two matches in straight sets. In the third round he needed five sets to defeat Philipp Petzschner. During the match Nadal was warned twice for allegedly receiving coaching from his coach and uncle, Toni Nadal, resulting in a $2,000 fine by Wimbledon officials.[77][78] He then defeated Andy Murray in the semifinals and Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych in the final to win his second Wimbledon title and his eighth career major title[79] just past the age of 24.[80]", "In his first tournament since Wimbledon, Nadal advanced to the semifinals of the Rogers Cup, where he was defeated by Andy Murray.[81] Nadal also competed in the doubles with Djokovic in a high-profile partnership between the world Nos. 1 and 2.[82] The pair lost in the first round to Milos Raonic and Vasek Pospisil. The next week, Nadal was the top seed at the Cincinnati Masters, losing in the quarterfinals to Marcos Baghdatis.", "At the 2010 US Open, Nadal reached his first final without dropping a set. In the final, he defeated Novak Djokovic in four sets, completing the Career Grand Slam for Nadal; he also became the second male after Andre Agassi to complete a Career Golden Slam.[83] Nadal s US Open victory meant that he also became the first man to win majors on clay, grass, and hard courts in the same year, and the first to win the French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open in the same year since Rod Laver in 1969.[84] Nadal s victory also clinched the year-end No. 1 ranking for 2010.[85]", "Nadal began his Asian tour at the 2010 PTT Thailand Open in Bangkok where he lost to compatriot Guillermo Garc\u00eda-L\u00f3pez in the semifinals. Nadal was able to regroup, winning the 2010 Rakuten Japan Open Tennis Championships in Tokyo by defeating Ga\u00ebl Monfils for his seventh title of the season. Nadal next played in the Shanghai Rolex Masters, where he lost to No. 12 J\u00fcrgen Melzer in the third round. On 5 November, Nadal announced that he was pulling out of the Paris Masters owing to tendinitis in his left shoulder.[86] On 21 November 2010, in London, Nadal won the Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Award for the first time.[87]", "At the 2010 ATP World Tour Finals in London, Nadal won all of his round-robin matches. In the semifinal, he defeated Murray in three sets, before losing to Roger Federer in the final.[88]", "2011: Sixth French Open title and Davis Cup crown", "Nadal started 2011 by participating in the Mubadala World Tennis Championship in Abu Dhabi. In the final, he won over Roger Federer. At the Qatar ExxonMobil Open, he fell in straight sets Nikolay Davydenko in the semifinals.[89] He and countryman L\u00f3pez won the doubles title by defeating Daniele Bracciali and Andreas Seppi.[90]", "In the quarterfinals of the Australian Open, Nadal suffered a hamstring injury against David Ferrer early in the pair s quarterfinal match and ultimately lost in straight sets, thus ending his effort to win four major tournaments in a row.[91]", "In March, Nadal helped Spain defeat Belgium in a 2011 Davis Cup World Group first-round tie in the Spiroudome in Charleroi, Belgium. Nadal defeated Ruben Bemelmans and Olivier Rochus.[92][93] At both the 2011 BNP Paribas Open and the 2011 Sony Ericsson Open, Nadal reached the final and lost to Novak Djokovic in three sets.[94][95] This was the first time Nadal reached the finals of Indian Wells and Miami in the same year.", "Nadal began his clay-court season by winning the 2011 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters with the loss of just one set. In the final, he avenged his defeat by David Ferrer in the quarterfinals of the Australian Open.[96] Just a week later, Nadal won his sixth Barcelona Open crown, again defeating Ferrer in straight sets. He then lost to Novak Djokovic in the Rome Masters and Madrid Open finals.[97] However, Nadal retained his No. 1 ranking during the clay-court season and won his sixth French Open title by defeating Roger Federer.[98]", "At Wimbledon, Nadal reached the final after three four-set matches. This set up a final against No. 2 Novak Djokovic, who had beaten Nadal in all four of their matches in 2011. After dropping the third set, Djokovic defeated Nadal in the fourth. Djokovic s success at the tournament also meant that the Serb overtook Nadal as world No. 1. After resting for a month from a foot injury sustained during Wimbledon, he contested the 2011 Rogers Cup, where he was beaten by Croatian Ivan Dodig in the quarterfinals. He next played in the 2011 Cincinnati Masters, where he lost to Mardy Fish, again in the quarterfinals.", "At the 2011 US Open, Nadal made headlines when after defeating David Nalbandian in the fourth round, he collapsed in his post-match press conference because to severe cramps.[99] He again lost in four sets to Novak Djokovic in the final. After the US Open, Nadal made the final of the Japan Open Tennis Championships. Nadal, who was the 2010 champion, was defeated by Andy Murray. At the Shanghai Masters, he was upset in the third round by No. 23 ranked Florian Mayer. At the 2011 ATP World Tour Finals, Nadal was defeated by Roger Federer and Jo-Wilfried Tsonga in the round-robin stage, and was subsequently eliminated from the tournament. In the Davis Cup final in December, he helped Spain win the title with victories over Juan M\u00f3naco and Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro.[100]", "2012: Seventh French Open title", "Nadal began his ATP World Tour season at the Qatar Open. In the semifinal he lost to Ga\u00ebl Monfils in two sets.[101] In the Australian Open Nadal won his first four matches without dropping a set. He then won in his quarterfinal and semifinal matches against Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych and Roger Federer respectively. In the final, on 29 January, he was beaten by Novak Djokovic in a five-set match that lasted 5 hours and 53 minutes, the longest Grand Slam final of all time.[102]", "Nadal made it to the semifinals in Indian Wells, where he was beaten in straight sets by eventual champion Roger Federer. He also made the semifinals in Miami, but withdrew because of knee problems.", "As the clay court season started, Nadal was seeded 2nd at the 2012 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters. In the final he topped No. 1 Novak Djokovic to win his 8th consecutive Monte Carlo trophy. This ended a streak of seven straight final losses to Djokovic. A day after the Monte Carlo final, Nadal traveled to Barcelona where he received a bye in the first round. His tremendous record on clay continued as he beat compatriot David Ferrer in a three-set final to clinch his seventh title in eight years at the Barcelona Open. At the Mutua Madrile\u00f1a Madrid Open Nadal surprisingly lost to Fernando Verdasco, whom he held a 13\u20130 record against. He heavily criticized the new blue-colored clay and threatened not to attend in the future if the surface was not changed back to red clay. Several other players such as Novak Djokovic voiced similar criticism.[103] In the last tournament before the French Open, Nadal defeated Djokovic in a tight straight set final. This was his second victory over Novak Djokovic in 2012 and his third title of the season, as well as his 6th Rome title overall.", "At the 2012 French Open, Nadal dropped only 30 games against his first five opponents. In the semifinals he dismantled Ferrer to set up another final against Novak Djokovic. This marked the first time two opposing players faced each other in four consecutive Grand Slam finals. Nadal won the first two sets before Djokovic claimed the third. Play was suspended in the fourth set due to rain. When the match resumed the following day, Nadal won when Djokovic double faulted on match point, sealing a record 7th French Open title for Nadal.[104] By winning his seventh title[105] at Stade Roland Garros, Nadal surpassed Borg s overall titles record[106] to become the most successful male player in French Open history.[107] Nadal lost a total of only three sets in the 2012 clay court season.", "As a warm-up ahead of Wimbledon Nadal played in Halle, losing to Philipp Kohlschreiber in the quarterfinals.[108] At Wimbledon, Nadal was upset in the second round by Luk\u00e1\u0161 Rosol in a close five-set match. This was the first time since the Wimbledon 2005 championships that Nadal had failed to progress past the 2nd round of a Grand Slam tournament.[109]", "In July 2012, Nadal withdrew from the 2012 Olympics owing to tendinitis in his knee, which subsequently led to him pulling out of both the Rogers Cup and the Cincinnati Masters. He later withdrew from the rest of the 2012 season, as he felt he still was not healthy enough to compete.[110][111] Nadal ended 2012 ranked No. 4 in the world, the first time in eight years that he has not been ranked 1st or 2nd at the end of the year.", "2013: Two major titles, back to No. 1", "Two weeks prior to the Australian Open, Nadal officially withdrew from the tournament citing a stomach virus.[112] Nadal s withdrawal saw him drop out of the ATP s Top Four for the first time since 2005.[113] Playing in his first tournaments in South America since 2005, Nadal made his comeback at the VTR Open in Chile,[114] where he was upset by Argentine No. 73 Horacio Zeballos in the final. At the Brasil Open, Nadal reached the final, where he defeated David Nalbandian.[115] In the title match of the Abierto Mexicano Telcel in Acapulco, Nadal defeated David Ferrer, losing just two games in the match.", "Nadal then returned to the American hard courts, playing the Indian Wells Masters as the fifth seed. He lost only one set, and defeated No. 2 Roger Federer and No. 6 Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych before beating Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro in the final. After withdrawing from Miami, Nadal attempted to defend his title at the Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters, but was beaten by Djokovic in straight sets. He then won his eight title at the Barcelona Open. Nadal went on to win the Mutua Madrid Open, beating Stanislas Wawrinka in the final.", "Nadal at the 2013 Mutua Madrid Open", "In May, he defeated Roger Federer for his 7th championship at the 2013 Rome Masters. These victories raised his ranking to No. 4.", "Nadal won the 2013 French Open after beating Novak Djokovic in the semifinal and David Ferrer in the final, breaking the record for the most match wins in the tournament in the process with his 59th match victory.[116] His match with Djokovic is widely considered one of the greatest clay court matches ever played, as Nadal came back from down a break in the fifth set to take out a hard-fought 4-hour, 37-minute victory. Nadal then lost his first-round match at the 2013 Wimbledon Championships in straight sets to unseeded Belgian Steve Darcis (ranked No. 135), the first time he had ever lost in the first round of a Grand Slam.", "In August, Nadal won a close semifinal match in Montreal, denying Djokovic his fourth Rogers Cup title.[117] Nadal proceeded to win the title after beating Milos Raonic in the final in straight sets.[118] He won his 26th ATP Masters 1000 in Cincinnati on Sunday 18 August after beating John Isner in the final.[119] Nadal concluded a brilliant North American hard court season with his 4th hard court title of the year, defeating Djokovic at the 2013 US Open final in four sets, bringing his Grand Slam count to 13 and giving him a male tennis record paycheck of $3.6 million.[120][121]", "Later in September, Nadal helped Spain secure their Davis Cup World Group Playoff spot for 2014, with a victory against Sergiy Stakhovsky and a doubles win with Marc Lopez. In October, he reached the final of the China Open, guaranteeing he would be back to the No. 1 ranking.[122] In the final, he was beaten by Djokovic in straight sets.[123] At the 2013 Shanghai Rolex Masters, he reached the semifinals but was defeated by Del Potro. In November, Nadal played his final event of the season in London at the 2013 ATP World Tour Finals where he secured the year-end No. 1 spot. He beat David Ferrer, Stanislas Wawrinka and Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych in the round robin stage to set up a semifinal victory over Roger Federer. Nadal met Djokovic in the final, losing in straight sets.", "2014: Ninth French Open title and injuries", "Rafael Nadal began his 2014 season at the Qatar Open in Doha, defeating Luk\u00e1\u0161 Rosol in the first round[124] and he won the title after defeating Ga\u00ebl Monfils in the final.[125]", "At the Australian Open, he defeated Roger Federer to reach his third Australian Open final. This marked Nadal s 11th consecutive victory in a Major semifinal, second only to Borg s all-time record of 14. In the final, he faced Stanislas Wawrinka, against whom he entered the match with a 12\u20130 record. However, Nadal suffered a back injury during the warm-up, which progressively worsened as the match wore on.[126] Nadal lost the first two sets, and although he won the third set, he ultimately lost the match in four sets. The first tournament he played after that was the inaugural Rio Open which he won after defeating Alexandr Dolgopolov in the final. However, at the Indian Wells Masters, Dolgopolov would avenge his loss, defeating Nadal in three sets in the third round. He reached the final of the Miami Masters, falling to Novak Djokovic in straight sets.", "Nadal began his clay court season with a quarterfinal loss to David Ferrer in the Monte-Carlo Masters. He was stunned by Nicolas Almagro in the quarterfinals of the Barcelona Open. Nadal then won his 27th masters title at the Madrid Open after Kei Nishikori retired in the third set of the final.[127] On 8 June 2014, Nadal defeated Novak Djokovic in the Men s Singles French Open final to win his 9th French Open title and a 5th straight win. Nadal equaled Pete Sampras total of 14 Grand Slam wins.[128] Nadal then lost in the second round of the Halle Open to Dustin Brown the following week.[129]", "Nadal entered the Wimbledon Championships in a bid to win the tournament for the third time. In the fourth round he was upset by Australian teenager Nick Kyrgios in four sets.[130] Nadal withdrew from the American swing owing to a wrist injury.[131] He made his return at the 2014 China Open but was defeated in the quarterfinals by Martin Klizan in three sets.[132] At the 2014 Shanghai Rolex Masters, he was suffering from appendicitis. He lost his opening match to Feliciano Lopez in straight sets.[133] Later, he was upset by Borna \u0106ori\u0107 at the quarterfinals of the 2014 Swiss Indoors. After the loss, he announced that he would skip the rest of the season to undergo surgery for his appendix.[134]", "2015: Continued struggles and rankings drop", "Nadal began the year as the defending Champion at the Qatar Open, but suffered a shocking three set defeat to Michael Berrer in the first round.[135] He won the doubles title with Juan M\u00f3naco. At the Australian Open, Nadal lost in straight sets to Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych in the quarterfinal, thus ending a 17-match winning streak against the seventh-seeded Czech.[136]", "In February, Nadal lost in the semifinals to Fabio Fognini at the Rio Open,[137] before going on to win his 46th career clay-court title against Juan M\u00f3naco at the Argentina Open.[138] Nadal then participated at the Indian Wells and Miami Open but suffered early defeats to Milos Raonic and Fernando Verdasco, in the quarterfinals and third round respectively.[139][140] Nadal then began his spring clay season at the Monte Carlo Masters and reached the semifinals where he lost to Novak Djokovic in straight sets.[141] After losing to Fognini again at the Barcelona Open quarterfinals,[142] Nadal entered the Madrid Open as the two-time defending champion but lost in the final to Andy Murray in straight sets, resulting in his dropping out of the top five for the first time since 2005.[143][144] He then lost in the quarterfinals of the Rome Masters to Stan Wawrinka in straight sets.[145]", "Nadal lost to eventual runner-up Djokovic in the quarterfinals of the French Open, ending his winning streak of 39 consecutive victories in Paris since his defeat by Robin S\u00f6derling in 2009.[146] Nadal went on to win the 2015 Mercedes Cup against Serbian Viktor Troicki, his first grass court title since he won at Wimbledon in 2010.[147] He was unable to continue his good form on grass as he lost in the first round of the Aegon Championships to Alexandr Dolgopolov in three sets.[148] Nadal s struggles continued when he lost in the second round of Wimbledon to Dustin Brown.[149]", "In the third round of the 2015 US Open, Nadal once again lost to Fognini, despite having won the first two sets.[150] This early exit ended Nadal s record 10-year streak of winning at least one major.", "2016: Second Olympic gold medal", "Nadal started the year winning Mubadala Title defeating Milos Raonic in straight sets. After that, he entered the Doha, Qatar, where he reached the finals, losing to Djokovic in straight sets. This was their 47th match, after which Djokovic led their head-to-head rivalry with 24 matches won. At the Australian Open, Nadal was defeated in five sets by compatriot Fernando Verdasco in the first round. The defeat marked his first opening round exit at the Australian Open.[151]", "In April he won his 28th Masters 1000 in Monte Carlo.[152] He went on to win his 17th ATP 500 in Barcelona, winning the trophy for the ninth time in his career.[153] He continued the clay court season in Madrid, falling to Murray in the semifinal.[154]", "The following week, Nadal played in Rome Masters where he reached the quarterfinal. Nadal was again defeated by Djokovic in straight sets, although he had a break advantage in both sets and served to win the second.[155]", "Following Federer s withdrawal due to injury, Nadal was named the fourth seed at the French Open.[156] On 26 May, he became the eighth male player in tennis history to record 200 Grand Slam match wins, as he defeated Facundo Bagnis in straight sets in the second round of the Slam.[157] Following the victory, however, Nadal had to withdraw from competition owing to a left wrist injury initially suffered during the Madrid Open,[158] handing Marcel Granollers a walk-over into the fourth round.[159] On 9 June, Nadal announced that the same wrist injury that forced him to withdraw from the French Open needed more time to heal, and that he would not play at the 2016 Wimbledon Championships.[160] At the Rio 2016 Olympics, Nadal achieved 800 career wins with his quarterfinal victory over the Brazilian Thomaz Bellucci. Partnering Marc L\u00f3pez, he won the gold medal in men s doubles event for Spain by defeating Romania s Florin Mergea and Horia Tecau in the finals.[161] This made Nadal the second man in the open era to have won gold medals in both singles and doubles. Nadal also advanced to the bronze medal match in the men s singles but was defeated by Kei Nishikori.", "At the US Open Nadal was seeded #4 and advanced to the fourth round but was defeated by 24th seed Lucas Pouille in 5 sets. The defeat meant that 2016 was the first year since 2004 in which Nadal had failed to reach a Grand Slam quarter-final.[162] He played the Shanghai Masters and was upset in the second round by Viktor Troicki. He subsequently ended his 2016 season to let his wrist recover.", "2017: Two major titles and year-end No. 1", "Nadal opened his season by playing at the Brisbane International for the first time, where he reached the quarterfinals before losing to Milos Raonic in three sets.[163] In the second round of the tournament, he defeated Mischa Zverev for the loss of just two games;[164] Nadal began the Australian Open with straight-set wins over Florian Mayer and Marcos Baghdatis, before more difficult wins over Alexander Zverev and Gael Monfils, which set up his first quarterfinal berth at a Grand Slam since the 2015 French Open. Nadal defeated Raonic and Grigor Dimitrov in the quarterfinal and semifinal, respectively (the latter lasting for five sets over five hours), to set up a final against Roger Federer, his first Grand Slam final since he won the 2014 French Open. Nadal went on to lose to Federer in five sets; this was the first time that Nadal had lost to Federer in a Grand Slam since the final of the 2007 Wimbledon Championships.", "Nadal made it to the final of Acapulco without dropping a set, but was defeated by big-serving Sam Querrey. In a rematch of the Australian Open final Nadal took on Roger Federer in the fourth round at Indian Wells but again lost to his old rival, this time in straight sets; it was their earliest meeting in a tournament in over a decade. In the Miami Masters, Nadal reached the final to again play Federer, and was once again defeated in straight sets.[165] Nadal then won his 29th Masters 1000 title in Monte Carlo; it was his tenth victory in the principality, the most wins by any player at a single tournament in the Open era.[166] Nadal won his 18th ATP 500 title in Barcelona without dropping a set, also marking his tenth victory in Barcelona.[167] Nadal next played in the Madrid Open, where he defeated Dominic Thiem to tie Novak Djokovic s all-time Masters record of 30 titles.[168]", "Nadal at the 2017 French Open where he won his 10th French Open title", "Nadal went on to beat Stan Wawrinka in straight sets and win a record tenth French Open title. This marked his first Grand Slam title since 2014, ending his three-year drought in Grand Slams.[169] Nadal won every set that he played in the tournament, dropping a total of only 35 games over his seven matches, which is the second-fewest by any male (second only to Bj\u00f6rn Borg s 32 dropped games at the 1978 French Open) on the way to a title at a Grand Slam tournament in the Open era with all matches being best-of-five-sets.[citation needed] The achievement, called La D\u00e9cima ( the tenth in Spanish), made Nadal the first male or female in the Open era to win ten titles from a single Grand Slam tournament, following similar achievements in Monte Carlo and Barcelona. Nadal also climbed to second on the all-time Grand Slam titles list, with 15 grand slam championships, putting him one ahead of Pete Sampras.[170]", "Nadal lost in the round of 16 at Wimbledon, 13\u201315 in the fifth set, to Gilles M\u00fcller.[171] He returned to competition in Montreal. He won his first match against Coric in straight sets but fell in the Round of 16 to Canadian teenager Denis Shapovalov. By 21 August, he retook the ATP No. 1 ranking from Andy Murray. Nadal earned his third US Open title against first-time Grand Slam finalist Kevin Anderson, winning the final in straight sets. This marked the first time that Nadal had captured two Grand Slam tournaments in a year since 2013, and the second time since 2010. Nadal extended his winning streak by winning the China Open, winning the final against Nick Kyrgios in straight sets.[172] On 11 September 2017, Nadal and Garbi\u00f1e Muguruza made Spain the first country since the United States 14 years ago to simultaneously top both the ATP and the WTA rankings, with Muguruza making her debut in the No. 1 spot.[173]", "After defeating Hyeon Chung in the second round of the Paris Masters Nadal secured the year-end No. 1. He became year-end No. 1 for the fourth time in his career, tying him for fourth all-time with Novak Djokovic, Ivan Lendl and John McEnroe, behind Pete Sampras (6), and Roger Federer and Jimmy Connors (5). By securing the year-end no. 1 ranking, Nadal became the first player aged over 30 to finish as year-end No. 1 and the first to finish in the top spot four years since he last achieved the feat; he also broke a number of other historical records, all of which he broke again in 2019.[174]", "2018: 11th French Open title", "Nadal began his 2018 season at the Kooyong Classic, where he lost to Richard Gasquet in the first round. He then played at the Tie Break Tens exhibition tournament in Melbourne, losing in the final to Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych. At the Australian Open, Nadal recorded straight-sets wins in the first three rounds, before notching a tougher four-set win against Diego Schwartzman in the fourth round. He faced Marin \u010cili\u0107 in the quarterfinal, but retired in the fifth set due to a hip injury.[175]", "On 16 February, Nadal dropped to the No. 2 ranking after 26 weeks at the top when his rival Roger Federer overtook him in points. Nadal withdrew from the Mexican Open, Indian Wells Masters, and Miami Open due to an injury. Despite his absence in Miami, he regained the No. 1 ranking on 2 April due to Federer s second-round loss. After recovering from injury, Nadal helped secure the Spanish Davis Cup team a victory over Germany in the quarterfinal of the World Group. He beat Philipp Kohlschreiber and Alexander Zverev in straight sets.[176]", "At the Monte Carlo Masters, Nadal successfully defended his title and won a record-breaking 31st Masters title, thus becoming the player with the most Masters 1000 titles in tennis history. It also marked his 11th title in Monte Carlo, as well as the 76th title in his career. Because he defended the points won the previous year, he kept his No. 1 ranking and began his 171st week as the world No. 1.[177] Nadal won in Monte Carlo without dropping a set, beating Kei Nishikori in the final. Nadal went on to win his 11th title in Barcelona, defeating Stefanos Tsitsipas in straight sets, becoming the first player in the open era to win 400 matches on both clay and hard.[178][179] The win marked his 20th ATP 500 series title, which put him back atop the list of most ATP 500 titles, tied with Roger Federer. It also marked his 14th consecutive season with at least one ATP 500 title.", "Fresh after achieving the Undecima at Monte Carlo and Barcelona, Nadal had to defend yet another title at Madrid. He reached the quarterfinals, defeating Gael Monfils and Diego Schwartzman in straight sets, to extend his record to 50 consecutive sets won on clay, starting from the 2017 French Open. His win over Schwartzman broke John McEnroe s record of 49 straight sets won on a single surface.[180] McEnroe had previously achieved the record on carpet in 1984. In a surprise, Nadal lost in straight sets to Dominic Thiem in the quarterfinals, ending his 21-match and record 50-set winning streaks on clay. He also relinquished his world No. 1 ranking to Federer in the process.", "At the Rome Masters, Nadal captured his 8th title in the Italian capital as well as his 78th career title, defeating Alexander Zverev in three sets, thus overtaking John McEnroe in the fourth place on the list of most titles won in the Open Era.[181] It was Nadal s 32nd Masters title \u2013 most of any player in the Open Era. With his victory in Rome, Nadal also regained the No. 1 spot from Federer.", "Then at the French Open, Nadal won his 17th Grand Slam title. This tied Margaret Court s record for singles titles at a Grand Slam event (Court won 11 Australian Opens, but seven came when it was the Australian Championships, an amateur event). En route to the title, Nadal dropped only one set, beating Dominic Thiem in the final in three sets.[182] Nadal became just the fourth man in the Open Era to win three or more major titles after turning 30.", "Going into Wimbledon, Nadal was ranked world number one, but was seeded second due to Wimbledon s seeding algorithm. He made it to the quarterfinals without dropping set. He then faced #5 seed Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro, who he defeated in five sets. In the semifinals he faced long-time rival Novak Djokovic, who was aiming to reach his first major final since the 2016 US Open. This match lasted 5 hours and 17 minutes, spread over two days, becoming the second-longest Wimbledon semifinal in history, second only to the match between Kevin Anderson and John Isner held earlier on the same day. Djokovic defeated Nadal in five sets with the fifth set being 10\u20138.[183] This was Nadal s first defeat in the semifinals of a major since the 2009 US Open, and his first ever defeat in the semifinals of Wimbledon. Despite this, Nadal achieved his best results at Wimbledon since 2011. This performance, combined with Roger Federer s unsuccessful title defense, ensured that Nadal retained the world number one ranking after the grass season.", "He then won the Rogers Cup, a record-extending 33rd Masters 1000 title.[184] This was Nadal s first Masters 1000 title win on hard court since 2013. He then withdrew from the Cincinnati Masters to prepare for the US Open. Nadal was the top seed during his title defense at the US Open. He first faced David Ferrer in Ferrer s last Grand Slam match, who retired due to injury during the second set. In his semi-final matchup against Juan Martin del Potro, Nadal retired after losing the second set 6\u20132 due to knee pain. On 31 October, he announced his withdrawal from the Paris Masters due to an abdominal injury and as a result Novak Djokovic replaced him as world No. 1.[185]", "2019: Two major titles, year-end No. 1 and Davis Cup crown", "Nadal was due to start his season at the 2019 Brisbane International, but withdrew shortly before his first match due to an injury. He was seeded second at the 2019 Australian Open, and recorded straight-sets wins against James Duckworth, Matthew Ebden, Alex de Minaur, Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych, first-time quarterfinalist Frances Tiafoe and first-time semifinalist Stefanos Tsitsipas to reach his fifth Australian Open final. This was the first time that Nadal had advanced to an Australian Open final without losing a set; he had also lost only two service games during this run, both in his first-round match against Duckworth. Nadal lost the final in straight sets to Novak Djokovic, winning only eight games for the match and marking Nadal s first straight-sets loss in a Grand Slam final. Nadal next played at the 2019 Mexico Open, where he reached the second round, losing to Nick Kyrgios in three sets despite having three match points in the third set.[186] Nadal withdrew from both Indian Wells and Miami due to a right hip injury.[187]", "Nadal began the clay season at the 2019 Monte Carlo Masters, reaching the semifinal, where he was defeated by eventual champion Fabio Fognini in straight sets.[188] He then competed in Barcelona (where he had won a record eleven titles), defeating Leonardo Mayer, David Ferrer and Jan-Lennard Struff, but lost to the eventual champion Dominic Thiem in straight sets. In Madrid, he had a bye in the first round and defeated Felix Auger-Aliassime, Frances Tiafoe and Stan Wawrinka, leading to his third clay-court semifinal of the year. He faced Stefanos Tsitsipas in the semifinal, where he lost in three sets.[189] He won his first tournament of the year in Rome, with a three-set win over Djokovic in the final.[190] At the 2019 French Open, Nadal defeated Yannick Hanfmann, Yannick Maden, David Goffin, Juan Ignacio Londero, Kei Nishikori and Roger Federer (their first meeting at the tournament since 2011), dropping only one set along the way, to set up his twelfth French Open final. In a rematch of the previous year s final against Thiem, Nadal prevailed in four sets to claim his record-extending twelfth French Open title.[191] In doing so, he broke Margaret Court s all-time record of eleven singles titles won at a single Grand Slam event.[192]", "Nadal next played at the 2019 Wimbledon Championships and, like the previous year, reached the semifinals, where he faced Federer at Wimbledon for the first time since the 2008 Wimbledon final, a match regarded by some as the greatest in the history of tennis. Nadal lost the semifinal in four sets.[193] At the Rogers Cup, Nadal was the defending champion and top seed. By defeating Fabio Fognini in the quarterfinals, he took over the record for the highest number of Masters 1000 match wins of any active player, surpassing Roger Federer s previous record of 378 victories.[194] In the semifinals, he received a walkover over Ga\u00ebl Monfils, and in the final, he yielded just three games to Daniil Medvedev, winning in straight sets. This victory marked the first time he achieved a title defence on a surface other than clay.[195] For the second year in a row, Nadal withdrew from Cincinnati Masters afterwards to focus on his US Open preparations.[196] At the 2019 US Open, Nadal lost only one set (against Marin \u010cili\u0107) en route to the final, which he won against Daniil Medvedev in five sets. In doing so, Nadal claimed his fourth US Open title and 19th Grand Slam title (placing him only one behind Roger Federer in overall standings), won his first five-set Grand Slam final since the 2009 Australian Open final, and completed his second-best season in terms of Grand Slam singles results.[197] At Paris Masters, Nadal reached semi-final stage of the tournament, but pulled out due to an abdominal injury.[198]", "At the 2019 ATP Finals, Nadal played in the Andre Agassi group and defeated Tsitsipas and Medvedev in the round-robin stage, but it was not enough to progress to the semifinals.[199] Despite his elimination, Nadal secured the year-end no. 1 ranking when Djokovic was also eliminated in the round-robin stage. This was Nadal s fifth time as the year-end no. 1 player, drawing level with Jimmy Connors, Federer and Djokovic behind Pete Sampras (six), and in doing so, he broke a number of the records he set in 2017:[200]", "At the age of 33, Nadal is the oldest person to finish as year-end no. 1 player.", "Nadal became the first player to hold, lose and regain the year-end no. 1 ranking on four occasions.", "Nadal became the first player to finish as the year-end no. 1 five times in non-consecutive years.", "The eleven-year gap between Nadal s first year-end no. 1 season (2008) and his last (2019) is also a record.", "At the 2019 Davis Cup Finals, Nadal helped Spain win its sixth Davis Cup title. Nadal won all eight of his matches in singles and doubles, extending his winning streak in Davis Cup singles matches to 29 (29\u20131 record overall) without dropping a set or losing a game on serve;[201][202][203] he also won the tournament s most valuable player award.[203]", "2020: ATP Cup final", "Nadal began his 2020 season by playing at the inaugural 2020 ATP Cup and helped Spain reach the final where they lost to Serbia, with Nadal losing to Djokovic in straight sets.[204] Nadal then played at the 2020 Australian Open and won his first three matches in straight sets against Hugo Dellien, Federico Delbonis and Pablo Carre\u00f1o Busta. In the fourth round, he defeated Nick Kyrgios in four sets and reached the quarterfinals where he lost to Dominic Thiem in four sets.[205]", "See also: Big Four (tennis)", "Nadal vs. Federer", "Main article: Federer\u2013Nadal rivalry", "Roger Federer and Nadal have been playing each other since 2004, and their rivalry is a significant part of both men s careers.[45][206][207] They held the top two rankings on the ATP Tour from July 2005 to 14 August 2009,[208] and again from 11 September 2017 to 15 October 2018. They are the only pair of men to have ever finished four consecutive calendar years at the top.[209][210] Nadal ascended to No. 2 in July 2005 and held this spot for a record 160 consecutive weeks before surpassing Federer in August 2008.[211]", "They have played 40 times. Nadal leads 24\u201316 overall and 10\u20134 in Grand Slam tournaments. Nadal has a winning record on clay (14\u20132) and outdoor hard courts (8\u20136), while Federer leads the indoor hard courts 5\u20131 and grass 3\u20131.[212]", "As tournament seedings are based on rankings, 24 of their matches have been in tournament finals, including an all-time record nine Grand Slam tournament finals.[213] From 2006 to 2008, they played in every French Open and Wimbledon final, and also met in the title match of the 2009 Australian Open, the 2011 French Open and the 2017 Australian Open.[213] Nadal won six of the nine, losing the first two Wimbledon finals. Four of these matches were five-set matches (2007 and 2008 Wimbledon, 2009 and 2017 Australian Open), and the 2008 Wimbledon final has been lauded as the greatest match ever by many long-time tennis analysts.[46][214][215][216] Nadal is the only player who has competed and won against Federer in the final of a Grand Slam on all three surfaces (grass, hard, and clay).", "Main article: Djokovic\u2013Nadal rivalry", "Nadal and Djokovic in Rome 2016", "Novak Djokovic and Nadal have met 55 times (more than any other pair in the Open Era) and Nadal leads 9\u20136 at the Grand Slams and trails 26\u201329 overall.[117][217][218] Nadal leads on clay 17\u20137, while Djokovic leads on hard courts 20\u20137, and they are tied on grass 2\u20132.[117][218] In 2009, this rivalry was listed as the third greatest of the previous 10 years by ATPworldtour.com.[219] Djokovic is one of only two players to have at least ten match wins against Nadal (the other being Federer) and the only person to defeat Nadal seven consecutive times, and two times consecutively on clay. The two earlier shared the record for the longest match played in a best of three sets (4 hours and 3 minutes) at the 2009 Mutua Madrid Open semifinals until the match between Roger Federer and Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro in the London 2012 Olympics Semifinal, which lasted 4 hours and 26 minutes.[220][221] They have also played in a record 13 Masters Series finals.", "In the 2011 Wimbledon final, Djokovic won in four sets for his first Grand Slam final victory over Nadal.[222] Djokovic also defeated Nadal in the 2011 US Open Final. In 2012, Djokovic defeated Nadal in the Australian Open final for a third consecutive Grand Slam final win over Nadal. This is the longest Grand Slam tournament final in Open era history at 5 hours, 53 minutes.[223] Nadal won their last three 2012 meetings in the final of the Monte Carlo Masters, Rome Masters and French Open in April, May, and June 2012, respectively.[224] In 2013, Djokovic defeated Nadal in straight sets in the final at Monte Carlo, ending Nadal s record eight consecutive titles there, but Nadal got revenge at the French Open in an epic five-setter 9\u20137 in the fifth. In August 2013, Nadal won in Montreal, denying Djokovic his fourth Rogers Cup title.[117] Nadal also defeated Djokovic in the 2013 US Open Final.", "Nadal defeated Djokovic in the 2014 French Open final. Since the 2014 French Open Final, Djokovic has won seven consecutive meetings including a win in straight sets in the quarterfinals of the 2015 French Open which ended Nadal s 39-match win streak at Stade Roland Garros and an opportunity for a sixth consecutive title, with Djokovic becoming only the second player after Robin S\u00f6derling to defeat Nadal at the event. Nadal easily defeated Djokovic in the 2017 Madrid Open semifinals (6\u20132, 6\u20134), his first victory against the Serb since the 2014 French Open. When they next met Nadal beat Djokovic again, this time on clay in the 2018 Rome semifinals. They then met in the 2018 Wimbledon semifinals, where Djokovic finally emerged victorious after a battle lasting over five hours that was spread over two days and went to 10\u20138 in the fifth set. Then in the 2019 Australian Open final, Djokovic easily won in straight sets, marking Nadal s first straight-sets loss in a Grand Slam final. But in the 2019 Rome Masters final, it was Nadal who defeated the Serbian in three sets, and also the very first time in which either of them (Nadal) got a 6\u20130 win in a set.", "Nadal vs. Murray", "Nadal and Andy Murray have met on 24 occasions since 2007, with Nadal leading 17\u20137. Nadal leads 7\u20132 on clay, 3\u20130 on grass, and 7\u20135 on hard courts (including 4\u20134 on outdoor courts, but Nadal leads 3\u20131 on indoor hard courts), but trails 1\u20133 in finals. The pair once met regularly at Grand Slam level, with nine out of their 23 meetings coming in Grand Slams, with Nadal leading 7\u20132 (3\u20130 at Wimbledon, 2\u20130 at the French Open, 1\u20131 at the Australian Open, and 1\u20131 at the US Open).[225] Seven of these nine appearances have been in quarterfinals and semifinals, making the rivalry an important part of both men s careers. Nadal defeated Murray in three consecutive Grand Slam semifinals in 2011 from the French Open to the US Open. They have never met in a Grand Slam final, but Murray leads 3\u20131 in ATP finals, with Nadal winning at Indian Wells in 2009[226] and Murray winning in Rotterdam the same year,[227] Tokyo[228] in 2011, and Madrid in 2015.", "Nadal and Stan Wawrinka have met 20 times, with Nadal leading 17\u20133 (85.0%). Although this rivalry has less significance than rivalries with the other members of the Big Four, the pair have met in several prestigious tournaments. The rivalry saw Nadal winning the first 12 encounters, all in straight sets, including 2 finals, one of which is a Masters 1000 final at Madrid in 2013. However, since Wawrinka s breakthrough season in 2013 the pair has won an almost equal number of matches against each other (3\u20134) from 2014 onward.[229] Wawrinka scored his first win against Nadal in their most important encounter, the 2014 Australian Open final in 4 sets, denying Nadal s double career slam. It was also the only match between the pair not resulting in a straight set win for either player. Nadal won their second Grand Slam final, at the 2017 French Open.[230]", "Nadal vs. Ferrer", "Nadal and compatriot David Ferrer met a total of 32 times, with the total record ending 26\u20136 (81.3%) in favor of Nadal with Ferrer s retirement. Nadal and Ferrer had met in several prestigious tournaments and important matches. Ferrer won their first meeting in 2004 in Stuttgart in 3 sets, but Nadal went on to win the next four until Ferrer defeated him in the 4th round of the 2007 US Open. The pair met in their first tournament final in 2008, in Barcelona, where Nadal won in three sets. They met a year later again in the Barcelona final, with Nadal taking the title in straight sets. In 2010, the pair met in their first Masters 1000 final in Rome, where Nadal won in straight sets. Ferrer, however, would get his revenge in the 2011 Australian Open quarterfinal, defeating Nadal in straight sets for the first time in a grand slam.", "Their biggest meeting, came in the 2013 French Open final. Ferrer was in his first major final, whereas Nadal was aiming for his 8th title at Roland Garros, and 13th overall. It was a straightforward victory for Nadal, 6\u20133, 6\u20132, 6\u20133. Between that meeting and 2015, Ferrer and Nadal would go on to play 6 more matches, with Nadal winning 4 of the 6.", "In 2018, Ferrer announced that the US Open would be his last Grand Slam tournament, and he would retire the next year in the clay court season in Spain. Nadal and Ferrer had their first meeting since 2015 in the first round in the US Open. Ferrer s final grand slam match, however, ended in injury as he was forced to retire in the 2nd set against Nadal. Yet, in his second to last tournament in Barcelona, he would have one more meeting with Nadal. Although it was a straight sets victory it was a close match until the end, with the resilient Ferrer fighting until the last point. The overall score was 6\u20133, 6\u20133 in the final match between the two before Ferrer s retirement at the 2019 Madrid Open.", "Nadal vs. Del Potro", "Nadal and Juan Martin del Potro have met 17 times, with Nadal leading 11\u20136 (64.7%). Outside the Big 4, no active player has more wins against Nadal than Del Potro. The two have met in many prestigious tournaments, including at 3 of the 4 grand slams. Nadal won their first four meetings between 2007\u201309, however Del Potro went on to win the next three, including a straight sets victory at the 2009 US Open SF (he later went on to win the tournament after defeating Roger Federer in the final. Their next major meeting came during the 2011 Davis Cup final. Nadal went on to beat Del Potro in 4 sets to claim the Davis Cup for Spain, their fourth since 2004. Nadal in 2013 also denied Del Potro his first Masters 1000 title, with a victory in 3 sets at the 2013 Indian Wells Masters. However, Del Potro got his revenge, and had one of his most important victories against Nadal in the SF of the 2016 Summer Olympics, beating him in three close sets (culminating with a tie break). Del Potro went on to claim the silver medal.", "After a long span of injuries with both players, the pair met in a Grand Slam for the first time since the R16 at Wimbledon in 2011 at the 2017 US Open. Del Potro, facing Nadal after a victory in 4 sets against Federer, made it to the SF of a Grand Slam for the first time since 2013. However, the Spaniard got the better of him in that encounter, beating Del Potro in 4 sets. The pair then met in 3 of the 4 grand slam events in 2018, including a memorable match at the 2018 Wimbledon QF. The match went on for close to 5 hours, with Nadal coming out on top, 7\u20135, 6\u20137, 4\u20136, 6\u20134, 6\u20134. The pair had another meeting at the 2018 US Open, during which Nadal was forced to retire against Del Potro in the SF. Del Potro then went on to his first grand slam final since his victory in the 2009 US Open. He ended up losing in the final in straight sets to Novak Djokovic.", "Nadal vs. Berdych", "Nadal and Tomas Berdych have met a total of 24 times, with Nadal leading 20\u20134 (83.3%). Although this rivalry is lopsided mostly in favor of Nadal, the two have had some incredible matches in many prestigious tournaments. The pair have met at 2 of the 4 grand slams, with 3 meetings at the Australian Open and twice at Wimbledon, including the 2010 final. Nadal and Berdych first met in an ATP tournament in B\u00e5stad, where both men reached the final. Nadal won the match in 3 sets, in what was only his 8th title on the tour. Nadal and Berdych met a few more times in 2005-06, all in Masters 1000 tournaments. Out of their 4 matches, Berdych was able to win in 3, in Canada, Madrid, and Cincinnati. Their first meeting in a Grand Slam came at Wimbledon in 2007. They met in the QF, where Nadal defeated Berdych in straight sets. Their next significant meeting was in the opening round of the 2009 Davis Cup Final, where Nadal again defeated Berdych in straight sets. Spain went on to win the Davis Cup that year.", "Their next meeting in a final came at a Grand Slam, in Wimbledon. Nadal had reached his 4th Wimbledon final, in an attempt to win his second title. Berdych had reached his first Grand Slam final, defeating Roger Federer in 4 sets in the quarterfinal and Novak Djokovic in straight sets in the SF. However the Spaniard was too good for the Czech in the final, and Nadal won in straight sets to take his 11th Grand Slam title. Their next meeting in a Grand Slam came only two years later in the 2012 Australian Open quarterfinal, where Nadal won in 4 tight sets. Nadal would later go on to lose the final to Djokovic in 5 sets. After multiple meetings from 2012-2014, all of which were won by Nadal, the pair met again at the 2015 Australian Open quarterfinal. Here, after 18 straight losses over 9 years, Berdych was able to claim a win over Nadal, and his only in a Grand Slam against the Spaniard. Berdych won the match in straight sets, including a bagel (6-0) in the second. The two met later in 2015 in Madrid, where Nadal won in straight sets.", "After a long gap of 4 years, Nadal and Berdych met most recently at the 2019 Australian Open R16. After both players had prematurely ended their 2018 seasons with injuries, both had been playing very well in the 2019 season up to that point, with Berdych reaching the final in Doha. However, like many of their meetings, Nadal dominated the Czech and beat him in straight sets. He later went on to make the final, where he lost in straight sets to Novak Djokovic.", "Nadal stands alone in the Open Era as the player with the most clay court titles (59), and holds an all-time record of 12 French Opens, 11 Monte-Carlo Masters and 11 Barcelona titles. He also stands alone with the longest single surface win streak in matches (clay courts, 81) and in sets (clay courts, 50) in the history of the Open Era. Due to these achievements, many have called Nadal The King of Clay ,[a] and he is widely regarded as the greatest clay-court player in history.[b] His evolution into an all-court champion has established him as one of the best players of all time.[c]", "Playing style and coaching", "Nadal s playing style and personality can be summarised by Jimmy Connors: He s built out of a mold that I think I came from also, that you walk out there, you give everything you have from the very first point to the end no matter what the score. And you re willing to lay it all out on the line and you re not afraid to let the people see that.", "Former ATP world no. 1 and coach of Nadal, Carlos Moya, remembers the first time he played Nadal in Germany, when he was 22 and Rafa was just 12. He shared the account in the book Facing Nadal by Scoop Malimowski: I met him for the first time in Stuttgart. He was playing an under 12s and I was playing the Masters event. We actually played that day and he was twelve and I was twenty-two. I think he was a very great player under twelve, he was very shy off court. But then we saw something different on court. But he was very hungry to play and compete and that\u2019s something you could see right away.\u201d [261]", "Nadal generally plays an aggressive, behind-the-baseline game founded on heavy topspin groundstrokes, consistency, speedy footwork and tenacious court coverage, thus making him an aggressive counterpuncher.[262] Known for his athleticism and speed around the court, Nadal is an excellent defender[263] who hits well on the run, constructing winning plays from seemingly defensive positions. He also plays very fine dropshots, which work especially well because his heavy topspin often forces opponents to the back of the court.[264]", "Nadal at the Monte Carlo Masters in 2007", "Nadal employs a semi-western grip forehand, often with a lasso-whip follow-through, where his left arm hits through the ball and finishes above his left shoulder \u2013 as opposed to a more traditional finish across the body or around his opposite shoulder.[265][266] Nadal s forehand groundstroke form allows him to hit shots with heavy topspin \u2013 more so than many of his contemporaries.[267]", "San Francisco tennis researcher John Yandell used a high-speed video camera and special software to count the average number of revolutions of a tennis ball hit full force by Nadal. Yandell concluded:", "The first guys we did were Sampras and Agassi. They were hitting forehands that in general were spinning about 1,800 to 1,900 revolutions per minute. Federer is hitting with an amazing amount of spin, too, right? 2,700 revolutions per minute. Well, we measured one forehand Nadal hit at 4,900. His average was 3,200.[268]", "While Nadal s shots tend to land short of the baseline, the characteristically high bounces his forehands achieve tend to mitigate the advantage an opponent would normally gain from capitalizing on a short ball.[269] Although his forehand is based on heavy topspin, he can hit the ball deep and flat with a more orthodox follow through for clean winners.", "Nadal s serve was initially considered a weak point in his game, although his improvements in both first-serve points won and break points saved since 2005 have allowed him to consistently compete for and win major titles on faster surfaces. Nadal relies on the consistency of his serve to gain a strategic advantage in points, rather than going for service winners.[270] However, before the 2010 US Open, he altered his service motion, arriving in the trophy pose earlier and pulling the racket lower during the trophy pose. Before the 2010 U.S. Open, Nadal modified his service grip to a more continental one. These two changes in his serve increased his average speed by around 10 mph during the 2010 US Open, maxing out at 135 mph (217 km), allowing him to win more free points on his serve.[271] However, since the 2010 US Open, Nadal s serve speed has dropped to previous levels and has again been cited as a need for improvement.[272][273][274]", "Nadal is a clay court specialist in the sense that he has been extremely successful on that surface. He has won 12 times at the French Open, 11 times at Monte Carlo and Barcelona, and nine at Rome. However, Nadal has shed that label owing to his success on other surfaces, including holding simultaneous Grand Slam tournament titles on grass, hard courts, and clay on two separate occasions, winning ten Masters series titles on hard court, and winning the Olympic gold medal on hardcourt.[262][275]", "Despite praise for Nadal s talent and skill, in the past, some had questioned his longevity in the sport, citing his build and playing style as conducive to injury.[276] Nadal himself has admitted to the physical toll hard courts place on ATP Tour players, calling for a reevaluated tour schedule featuring fewer hard court tournaments.[277] This longevity narrative has proved to be inaccurate and pundits today admire his resilience.[278]", "Nadal has had several coaches throughout his career. Toni Nadal coached him from 1990\u20132017.[279] He is currently being coached by Francisco Roig (2005\u2013)[280] and Carlos Moy\u00e1 (2016\u2013).[281]", "Nadal has been sponsored by Kia Motors since 2006. He has appeared in advertising campaigns for Kia as a global ambassador for the company. In May 2008, Kia released a claymation viral ad featuring Nadal in a tennis match with an alien.[282] In May 2015, Nadal extended his partnership with Kia for another five years.[283]", "Nadal wearing his signature Nike sleeveless shirt at the French Open in 2007, while holding his Babolat racquet", "Nike serves as Nadal s clothing and shoe sponsor. Nadal s signature on-court attire entailed a variety of sleeveless shirts paired with 3/4 length capri pants.[284] For the 2009 season, Nadal adopted more-traditional on-court apparel. Nike encouraged Nadal to update his look in order to reflect his new status as the sport s top player at that time[285] and associate Nadal with a style that, while less distinctive than his pirate look, would be more widely emulated by consumers.[286][287] At warmup tournaments in Abu Dhabi and Doha, Nadal played matches in a polo shirt specifically designed for him by Nike,[288] paired with shorts cut above the knee. Nadal s new, more conventional style carried over to the 2009 Australian Open, where he was outfitted with Nike s Bold Crew Men s Tee[289] and Nadal Long Check Shorts.[290][291][292] Nadal wears Nike s Air CourtBallistec 2.3 tennis shoes,[293] bearing various customizations throughout the season, including his nickname Rafa on the right shoe and a stylized bull logo on the left.", "He became the face of Lanvin s L Homme Sport cologne in April 2009.[294] Nadal uses an AeroPro Drive racquet with a 4\u200b1\u20444-inch L2 grip. As of the 2010 season[update], Nadal s racquets are painted to resemble the new Babolat AeroPro Drive with Cortex GT racquet in order to market a current model which Babolat sells.[295][296] Nadal uses no replacement grip, and instead wraps two overgrips around the handle. He used Duralast 15L strings until the 2010 season, when he switched to Babolat s new, black-colored, RPM Blast string. Nadal s rackets are always strung at 55 lb (25 kg), regardless of which surface or conditions he is playing on.[citation needed]", "As of January 2010[update], Nadal is the international ambassador for Quely, a company from his native Mallorca that manufactures biscuits, bakery and chocolate-coated products; he has consumed their products ever since he was a young child.[297]", "In 2010, luxury watchmaker Richard Mille announced that he had developed an ultra-light wristwatch in collaboration with Nadal called the Richard Mille RM027 Tourbillon watch.[298] The watch is made of titanium and lithium and is valued at US$525,000; Nadal was involved in the design and testing of the watch on the tennis court.[298] During the 2010 French Open, Men s Fitness reported that Nadal wore the Richard Mille watch on the court as part of a sponsorship deal with the Swiss watchmaker.[299]", "Nadal replaced Cristiano Ronaldo as the new face of Emporio Armani Underwear and Armani Jeans for the spring/summer 2011 collection.[300] This was the first time that the label has chosen a tennis player for the job; association football has ruled lately prior to Ronaldo, David Beckham graced the ads since 2008.[301] Armani said that he selected Nadal as his latest male underwear model because ...he is ideal as he represents a healthy and positive model for youngsters .[300]", "In June 2012, Nadal joined the group of sports endorsers of the PokerStars online poker cardroom.[302] Nadal won a charity poker tournament against retired Brazilian football player Ronaldo in 2014.[303]", "In April 2017, the centre court of the Barcelona Open was named Pista Rafa Nadal.[304]", "In February 2010, Rafael Nadal was featured in the music video of Shakira s Gypsy .[305] and part of her album release She Wolf. In explaining why she chose Nadal for the video, Shakira was quoted as saying in an interview with the Latin American Herald Tribune: I thought that maybe I needed someone I could in some way identify with. And Rafael Nadal is a person who has been totally committed to his career since he was very young. Since he was 17, I believe. [306][307]", "128036 Rafaelnadal is a main belt asteroid discovered in 2003 at the Observatorio Astron\u00f3mico de Mallorca and named after Nadal.[308] The decision to name the asteroid after Nadal was made by the International Astronomical Union in response to a request by the observatory. The asteroid is four kilometers in diameter and travels through space at a speed of 20 km per second. [309]", "Nadal owns and trains at the Rafa Nadal Sports Centre (40,000 square meters) in his hometown of Manacor, Mallorca. The centre houses the Rafa Nadal Tennis Academy, where the American International School of Mallorca is located.[310] Also located in the centre is a sports residence, a Rafael Nadal museum, a health clinic, a fitness centre with spa and a caf\u00e9. The facility has 26 tennis courts among its sporting areas.[310]", "Nadal took part in Thailand s A Million Trees for the King project, planting a tree in honour of King Bhumibol Adulyadej on a visit to Hua Hin during his Thailand Open 2010. For me it s an honour to be part of this project , said Nadal. It s a very good project. I want to congratulate the Thai people and congratulate the King for this unbelievable day. I wish all the best for this idea. It s very, very nice. [311]", "The creation of the Fundaci\u00f3n Rafa Nadal took place in November 2007, and its official presentation was in February 2008, at the Manacor Tennis Club in Mallorca, Spain. The foundation will focus on social work and development aid particularly on childhood and youth.[312] On deciding why to start a foundation, Nadal said This can be the beginning of my future, when I retire and have more time, [...] I am doing very well and I owe society, [...] A month-and-a-half ago I was in Chennai, in India. The truth is we live great here....I can contribute something with my image... Nadal was inspired by the Red Cross benefit match against malaria with Real Madrid goalkeeper Iker Casillas, recalling, We raised an amount of money that we would never have imagined. I have to thank Iker, my project partner, who went all out for it, [...] That is why the time has come to set up my own foundation and determine the destination of the money.", "Nadal s mother, Ana Maria Parera, chairs the charitable organization and father Sebastian is vice-chairman. Coach and uncle Toni Nadal and his agent, former tennis player Carlos Costa, are also involved. Roger Federer has given Nadal advice on getting involved in philanthropy. Despite the fact that poverty in India struck him particularly hard, Nadal wants to start by helping people close by, in the Balearic Islands, in Spain, and then, if possible, abroad .[313]", "On 16 October 2010, Nadal traveled to India for the first time to visit his tennis academy for underprivileged children at Anantapur Sports Village, in the Anantapur City, Andhra Pradesh. His foundation has also worked in the Anantapur Educational Center project, in collaboration with the Vicente Ferrer Foundation.[314][315]", "Floods in Majorca", "Rafael Nadal opened his tennis academy centre to Majorca flood victims in October 2018.[316] By that time he was recovering at home in Majorca, shortly after having to leave the US Open due to injury and one day after the flood he worked personally with some friends to help the victims.[317][318]", "Later, Nadal donated \u20ac1 million for rebuilding Sant Lloren\u00e7 des Cardassar, the most affected town by the floods in the island.[319][320] Nadal also organized other charitable activities to help repair the damage of the disaster, such as the Olaz\u00e1bal & Nadal charity golf tournament [321][322] and a charity tennis match in which he was going to participate and that had to be suspended because he had to have an operation on an ankle injury.[323]", "Nadal supports or has supported other charities, such as City Harvest, Elton John AIDS Foundation, Laureus Sport for Good Foundation and Small Steps Project[324]", "Involvement in football", "Nadal is an avid fan of association football club Real Madrid. On 8 July 2010, it was reported that he had become a shareholder of RCD Mallorca, his local club by birth, in an attempt to assist the club from debt.[325] Nadal reportedly owns 10 percent and was offered the role of vice president, which he rejected.[326] His uncle Miguel \u00c1ngel Nadal became assistant coach under Michael Laudrup. Nadal remains a passionate Real Madrid supporter; ESPN.com writer Graham Hunter wrote, He s as Merengue as [Real Madrid icons] Ra\u00fal, Iker Casillas and Alfredo Di St\u00e9fano.", "Shortly after acquiring his interest in Mallorca, Nadal called out UEFA for apparent hypocrisy in ejecting the club from the 2010\u201311 UEFA Europa League for excessive debts, saying through a club spokesperson, Well, if those are the criteria upon which UEFA is operating, then European competition will only comprise two or three clubs because all the rest are in debt, too. [327]", "He is a fervent supporter of the Spanish national team, and he was one of six people not affiliated with the team or the national federation allowed to enter the team s locker room following Spain s victory in the 2010 FIFA World Cup Final.[327]", "Nadal lived with his parents and younger sister Maria Isabel in a five-story apartment building in their hometown of Manacor, Mallorca. In June 2009, Spanish newspaper La Vanguardia, and then The New York Times, reported that his parents, Ana Maria and Sebastian, had separated. This news came after weeks of speculation in Internet posts and message boards over Nadal s personal issues as the cause of his setback.[328]", "Nadal is an agnostic atheist.[329] As a young boy, he would run home from school to watch Goku in his favorite Japanese anime, Dragon Ball. CNN released an article about Nadal s childhood inspiration, and called him the Dragon Ball of tennis owing to his unorthodox style from another planet .[330]", "In addition to tennis and football, Nadal enjoys playing golf and poker.[331] In April 2014 he played the world s No. 1 female poker player, Vanessa Selbst, in a poker game in Monaco.[332] Nadal s autobiography, Rafa (Hyperion, 2012, ISBN 1-4013-1092-3), written with assistance from John Carlin, was published in August 2011.[333] Nadal has been in a relationship with Mar\u00eda Francisca (Xisca) Perell\u00f3[334] since 2005, and their engagement was reported in January 2019.[335] The couple married in October 2019.[336]", "Main article: Rafael Nadal career statistics", "Australian Open A 3R 4R A QF SF W QF QF F A F QF 1R F QF F QF 1 / 15 65\u201314 82%", "French Open A A W W W W 4R W W W W W QF 3R W W W 12 / 15 93\u20132 98%", "Wimbledon 3R A 2R F F W A W F 2R 1R 4R 2R A 4R SF SF 2 / 14 53\u201312 82%", "US Open 2R 2R 3R QF 4R SF SF W F A W A 3R 4R W SF W 4 / 15 64\u201311 85%", "Win\u2013Loss 3\u20132 3\u20132 13\u20133 17\u20132 20\u20133 24\u20132 15\u20132 25\u20131 23\u20133 14\u20132 14\u20131 16\u20132 11\u20134 5\u20132 23\u20132 21\u20133 24\u20132 4\u20131 19 / 59 275\u201339 88%", "* Nadal withdrew before the third round of the 2016 French Open due to a wrist injury, which does not officially count as a loss.", "* Nadal received a walkover in the second round of the 2019 US Open, which does not count as a win.", "Finals: 27 (19 titles, 8 runner-ups)", "Win 2005 French Open Clay Mariano Puerta 6\u20137(6\u20138), 6\u20133, 6\u20131, 7\u20135", "Win 2006 French Open (2) Clay Roger Federer 1\u20136, 6\u20131, 6\u20134, 7\u20136(7\u20134)", "Loss 2006 Wimbledon Grass Roger Federer 0\u20136, 6\u20137(5\u20137), 7\u20136(7\u20132), 3\u20136", "Win 2007 French Open (3) Clay Roger Federer 6\u20133, 4\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20134", "Loss 2007 Wimbledon Grass Roger Federer 6\u20137(7\u20139), 6\u20134, 6\u20137(3\u20137), 6\u20132, 2\u20136", "Win 2008 French Open (4) Clay Roger Federer 6\u20131, 6\u20133, 6\u20130", "Win 2008 Wimbledon Grass Roger Federer 6\u20134, 6\u20134, 6\u20137(5\u20137), 6\u20137(8\u201310), 9\u20137", "Win 2009 Australian Open Hard Roger Federer 7\u20135, 3\u20136, 7\u20136(7\u20133), 3\u20136, 6\u20132", "Win 2010 French Open (5) Clay Robin S\u00f6derling 6\u20134, 6\u20132, 6\u20134", "Win 2010 Wimbledon (2) Grass Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych 6\u20133, 7\u20135, 6\u20134", "Win 2010 US Open Hard Novak Djokovic 6\u20134, 5\u20137, 6\u20134, 6\u20132", "Win 2011 French Open (6) Clay Roger Federer 7\u20135, 7\u20136(7\u20133), 5\u20137, 6\u20131", "Loss 2011 Wimbledon Grass Novak Djokovic 4\u20136, 1\u20136, 6\u20131, 3\u20136", "Loss 2011 US Open Hard Novak Djokovic 2\u20136, 4\u20136, 7\u20136(7\u20133), 1\u20136", "Loss 2012 Australian Open Hard Novak Djokovic 7\u20135, 4\u20136, 2\u20136, 7\u20136(7\u20135), 5\u20137", "Win 2012 French Open (7) Clay Novak Djokovic 6\u20134, 6\u20133, 2\u20136, 7\u20135", "Win 2013 French Open (8) Clay David Ferrer 6\u20133, 6\u20132, 6\u20133", "Win 2013 US Open (2) Hard Novak Djokovic 6\u20132, 3\u20136, 6\u20134, 6\u20131", "Loss 2014 Australian Open Hard Stan Wawrinka 3\u20136, 2\u20136, 6\u20133, 3\u20136", "Loss 2017 Australian Open Hard Roger Federer 4\u20136, 6\u20133, 1\u20136, 6\u20133, 3\u20136", "Win 2017 French Open (10) Clay Stan Wawrinka 6\u20132, 6\u20133, 6\u20131", "Win 2017 US Open (3) Hard Kevin Anderson 6\u20133, 6\u20133, 6\u20134", "Win 2018 French Open (11) Clay Dominic Thiem 6\u20134, 6\u20133, 6\u20132", "Loss 2019 Australian Open Hard Novak Djokovic 3\u20136, 2\u20136, 3\u20136", "Win 2019 French Open (12) Clay Dominic Thiem 6\u20133, 5\u20137, 6\u20131, 6\u20131", "Win 2019 US Open (4) Hard Daniil Medvedev 7\u20135, 6\u20133, 5\u20137, 4\u20136, 6\u20134", "Year\u2013End Championships performance timeline", "ATP Finals Did Not Qualify A SF SF A RR F RR A F A SF A RR A RR 0 / 9 18\u201314 56%", "Finals: 2 (2 runners-up)", "Loss 2010 London Hard Roger Federer 3\u20136, 6\u20133, 1\u20136", "Loss 2013 London Hard Novak Djokovic 3\u20136, 4\u20136", "Main article: List of career achievements by Rafael Nadal", "All-time tournament records", "Record accomplished", "Players matched", "Grand Slam 1877 12 men s singles titles at one major Stands alone", "10 consecutive years of winning 1+ title (2005\u20132014)", "Winning titles on 3 different surfaces in a calendar year (2010)", "3 consecutive titles on 3 different surfaces", "French Open 1891 12 men s singles titles", "ATP Masters 1000 1970 Most Men s singles titles at a single event (Monte-Carlo Masters)", "35 titles overall", "10 consecutive seasons with 1+ men s singles titles (2005\u201314)", "21 consecutive quarterfinals (2008\u20132010)", "Monte Carlo Masters 1897 11 men s singles titles", "Barcelona Open 1953 11 men s singles titles", "Rome Masters 1930 9 men s singles titles", "Madrid Open 2002 5 men s singles titles", "Open Era records", "Records in bold indicate peer-less achievements.", "Records in italics are currently active streaks.", "^ Denotes consecutive streak.", "Selected Grand Slam tournament records", "2005 French Open \u2013", "2010 US Open Career Golden Slam Andre Agassi [83]", "Career Grand Slam Rod Laver", "Novak Djokovic [337]", "Youngest to achieve a Career Grand Slam (24) Stands alone [337][338]", "2+ titles on grass, clay and hard courts Mats Wilander [337]", "2019 Australian Open 7 finals reached without losing a set[d] Stands alone [106][341]", "2017 French Open 3 titles won without losing a set Bj\u00f6rn Borg [342]", "2009 Australian Open Simultaneous holder of Majors on clay, grass and hard court Roger Federer", "Simultaneous holder of Olympic singles gold medal and Majors on clay, grass and hard court Stands alone [344]", "2010 US Open Winner of Majors on clay, grass and hard court in calendar year [345]", "2011 Wimbledon \u2013", "2012 Australian Open 3 consecutive runners-up finishes [346][347]", "2019 US Open 5+ finals at all 4 different tournaments Roger Federer", "Records at each Grand Slam tournament", "2005\u20132019 French Open 12 titles overall Stands alone [342][348]", "2010\u20132014 5 consecutive titles [348]", "2005\u20132019 12 finals overall [349]", "2010\u20132014 5 consecutive finals [350]", "2005\u20132019 12 semifinals overall [348]", "2005\u20132019 93 match wins overall [351]", "2010\u20132015 39 consecutive match wins [348]", "2005\u20132019 97.9% (93\u20132) match winning percentage [352]", "2008, 2010, 2017 3 titles won without losing a set [342][348]", "2005 Won title on the first attempt Mats Wilander [353]", "2008, 2010 French Open\u2014Wimbledon Accomplished a Channel Slam : Winning both tournaments in the same year Rod Laver", "Roger Federer [354]", "Other selected records", "ATP Masters 1000 records", "2005\u20132019 35 Masters Series[e] titles Stands alone", "2005\u20132019 51 combined Championship Masters Series[e] finals Stands alone", "2013 4 consecutive Masters 1000 titles Novak Djokovic", "2005\u20132013 All 9 Masters 1000 finals reached Roger Federer", "2010 Accomplished a Clay Slam [f] Stands alone [355]", "2005\u20132018 11 Monte-Carlo Masters titles Stands alone [356]", "2005\u20132019 9+ titles at two different tournaments Stands alone", "2005\u20132019 5+ titles at four different tournaments Stands alone", "2005\u20132019 9 Italian Open titles Stands alone", "2005\u20132017 5 Madrid Open titles Stands alone", "2002\u20132019 83.13% (966\u2013196) career match winning percentage Stands alone [357]", "2004\u20132019 59 clay court titles Stands alone [342]", "2004\u20132019 81 outdoor titles Stands alone", "2005\u20132007 81 consecutive clay court match victories Stands alone [358][359]", "2004\u20132019 20 match wins against world No. 1 players[g] Stands alone", "2002\u20132019 91.79% (436\u201339) clay court match winning percentage Stands alone [362]", "84.73% (882\u2013159) outdoor match winning percentage Stands alone [363]", "2017\u20132018 Won 50 consecutive sets on a single surface (clay) Stands alone [364]", "2005\u20132018 11+ titles at a single tournament (French Open, Monte Carlo, Barcelona) Stands alone [342]", "2005\u20132012 8 consecutive titles at a single tournament (Monte Carlo) Stands alone [365]", "2004\u20132006 16 titles won as a teenager Bj\u00f6rn Borg [366]", "2005\u20132019 37 clay court big titles Stands alone", "ITF World Champion: 2008, 2010, 2017, 2019.", "ATP Player of the Year: 2008, 2010, 2013, 2017, 2019.", "Rafael Nadal career statistics", "List of career achievements by Rafael Nadal", "List of Grand Slam men s singles champions", "All-time tennis records \u2013 men s singles", "Open Era tennis records \u2013 men s singles (since 1968)", "ATP World Tour records (since 1990)", "List of ATP number 1 ranked singles tennis players (since 1973)", "World number 1 ranked male tennis players (all time, based on recognized tennis authorities)", "Tennis tournament records and statistics", "List of Open Era tennis records", "Sports in Spain", "^ See:[231][232][233][234][235][236]", "^ See:[237][238][239][240][241][242][243][244][245][246]", "^ See:[247][248][249][250][251][252][253][254][255][256][257][258][259][260]", "^ The finals Nadal reached without losing a set were the 2007,[339] 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2017 French Opens, the 2010 US Open, and the 2019 Australian Open.[340]", "^ a b The term combined Championship Masters Series encompasses the Grand Prix Championship Series (1970\u20131989), ATP Masters Series (1990\u20132008) and ATP Tour Masters 1000 (2009\u2013present).", "^ The Clay Slam consists of winning the Monte Carlo Masters, Rome Masters, Madrid Masters and French Open in the same year.[355]", "^ The world No. 1 players who Nadal defeated were Roger Federer (13 times)[360] and Novak Djokovic (6 times).[361]", "^ Rafael Nadal . 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Retrieved 14 June 2012. 2006 \u2013 Tied Borg with his 16th career teenage title in Rome, most in Open Era.", "Rafael Nadalat Wikipedia s sister projects", "Rafael Nadal at the Association of Tennis Professionals", "Rafael Nadal at the International Tennis Federation", "Rafael Nadal at the Davis Cup", "Rafael Nadal on IMDb", "Rafael Nadal (achievement predecessor and successor)", "Novak Djokovic World No. 1", "October 7, 2013 \u2013 July 6, 2014", "November 6, 2019 \u2013 February 3, 2020 Succeeded by", "Novak Djokovic US Open Series Champion", "Paul-Henri Mathieu ATP Newcomer of the Year", "Joachim Johansson ATP Most Improved Player", "David Ferrer Golden Bagel Award", "Rafael Trujillo Spanish Sportsman of the Year", "Novak Djokovic ATP Player of the Year", "Novak Djokovic ITF World Champion", "Michael Schumacher Prince of Asturias Award for Sports", "Roger Federer ATP Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Award", "Usain Bolt BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year", "Marcel Hirscher L \u00c9quipe Champion of Champions", "2017 (with Roger Federer)", "Usain Bolt Laureus World Sportsman of the Year", "Novak Djokovic Best Male Tennis Player ESPY Award", "Rohan Bopanna & Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi Arthur Ashe Humanitarian of the Year", "Tommy Haas ATP Comeback Player of the Year", "F\u00e9lix S\u00e1nchez Laureus World Comeback of the Year", "Pau Gasol Flagbearer for Spain", "Miguel \u00c1ngel Nadal (uncle)", "Toni Nadal (uncle and coach)", "Carlos Moy\u00e1 (coach, 2017\u2013current)", "Spain Davis Cup team", "Rivalry with Roger Federer", "Rivalry with Novak Djokovic", "Rivalry with Andy Murray", "2012 French Open final", "Battle of Surfaces", "finals: 2010", "Hamburg/Madrid", "Madrid/Shanghai", "2016 (Doubles)", "Rafael Nadal official website", "Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic and Andy Murray", "Federer\u2013Nadal", "Djokovic\u2013Federer", "Djokovic\u2013Nadal", "Federer\u2013Murray", "Djokovic\u2013Murray", "Nadal\u2013Murray", "(Statistics and Achievements)", "Masters titles", "Madrid/Hamburg (6)", "Shanghai/Madrid (3)", "2012 US Open final", "Rafael Nadal in the Grand Slam tournaments", "Pre-Open Era", "1914: Arthur O Hara Wood", "1916\u20131918 No competition due to World War I", "1920: Pat O Hara Wood", "1922: James Anderson", "1929: John Colin Gregory", "1941\u20131945 No competition due to World War II", "1968: William Bowrey", "1977 (Jan): Roscoe Tanner", "1977 (Dec): Vitas Gerulaitis", "1999: Yevgeny Kafelnikov", "2014: Stanislas Wawrinka", "Wimbledon men s singles champions", "Grand Slam / non-calendar year / career Grand Slam-winning singles/doubles tennis players", "1984: Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver", "1963: Margaret Court / Ken Fletcher", "Non-calendar year Grand Slam", "2015\u201316: Novak Djokovic", "1983\u201384: Martina Navratilova", "1993\u201394: Steffi Graf", "2002\u201303: Serena Williams", "2012\u201313: Bob Bryan / Mike Bryan", "1949\u201350: Louise Brough", "1986\u201387: Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver", "1992\u201393: Gigi Fern\u00e1ndez / Natasha Zvereva", "1996\u201397: Natasha Zvereva", "2009\u201310: Serena Williams / Venus Williams", "1967\u201368 Billie Jean King", "1933\u201334\u201335: Fred Perry", "1937\u201338: Don Budge", "1960\u201361\u201362: Rod Laver", "1961\u201363\u201364: Roy Emerson", "1992\u201394\u201395\u201399: Andre Agassi", "2003\u201304\u201309: Roger Federer", "2005\u201308\u201309\u201310: Rafael Nadal", "2008\u201311\u201316: Novak Djokovic", "1951\u201352\u201353: Maureen Connolly", "1949\u201350\u201351\u201354: Doris Hart", "1951\u201356\u201357: Shirley Fry Irvin", "1960\u201362\u201363: Margaret Court", "1966\u201367\u201368\u201372: Billie Jean King", "1974\u201375\u201382: Chris Evert", "1978\u201381\u201382\u201383: Martina Navratilova", "1999\u20132002\u201303: Serena Williams", "2004\u201306\u201308\u201312: Maria Sharapova", "1935\u201336\u201339: Adrian Quist", "1948\u201350\u201351 Frank Sedgman", "1953\u201356: Lew Hoad / Ken Rosewall", "1957\u201358\u201359: Neale Fraser", "1965\u201367: John Newcombe / Tony Roche", "1962\u201364\u201367\u201377: Bob Hewitt", "1982\u201384\u201386\u201389: John Fitzgerald", "1983\u201387\u201389: Anders J\u00e4rryd", "1994\u201395\u201398: Jacco Eltingh / Paul Haarhuis", "1989\u201392\u201393\u20132000: Mark Woodforde", "1992\u201393\u201395\u20132000: Todd Woodbridge", "1998\u20132002\u201303\u201305: Jonas Bj\u00f6rkman", "2003\u201305\u201306: Bob Bryan / Mike Bryan", "2002\u201304\u201307\u201308: Daniel Nestor", "1999\u20132006\u201312: Leander Paes", "2015\u201316\u201318\u201319: Pierre-Hugues Herbert / Nicolas Mahut", "1942\u201346\u201350: Louise Brough Clapp", "1964\u201366\u201369\u201370: Judy Tegart Dalton", "1980\u201381: Kathy Jordan / Anne Smith", "1975\u201376\u201377\u201380: / Martina Navratilova", "1981\u201382\u201383\u201384: Pam Shriver", "1989\u201390\u201393: Helena Sukov\u00e1", "1988\u201390\u201391\u201392: Gigi Fern\u00e1ndez", "1989\u201390\u201391\u201393: / Natasha Zvereva", "1989\u201390\u201394: Jana Novotn\u00e1", "1996\u201397\u201398: Martina Hingis", "1999\u20132000\u201301: Serena Williams / Venus Williams", "2000\u201301\u201306: Lisa Raymond", "2012\u201313\u201314: Sara Errani / Roberta Vinci", "1925\u201326\u201327\u201328 Jean Borotra", "1949\u201351: Doris Hart / Frank Sedgman", "1962\u20131963: Ken Fletcher", "1965\u201366\u201367: Owen Davidson", "1992\u201393\u201395: Mark Woodforde", "1990\u201393\u201394\u201395: Todd Woodbridge", "2001\u201302\u201305: Daniela Hantuchov\u00e1", "1997\u201399\u20132005\u201306: Mahesh Bhupathi", "2002\u201304\u201308\u201310: Cara Black", "1999\u20132003\u201308\u201316: Leander Paes", "Men s tennis players who won two or more Grand Slam singles titles in one calendar year", "2016: Novak Djokovic (AO&FO)", "2017: Roger Federer (AO&WI)", "2018: Novak Djokovic (WI&US)", "2019: Novak Djokovic (AO&WI)", "Rafael Nadal achievements", "Olympic Tennis Champions 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"https://www.health.harvard.edu/exercise-and-fitness/the-4-most-important-types-of-exercise", "title": "The 4 most important types of exercise Harvard Health", "content": [ "The 4 most important types of exercise", "Strengthening, stretching, balance, and aerobic exercises will keep you active, mobile, and feeling great.", "Exercise is key to good health. But we tend to limit ourselves to one or two types of activity. People do what they enjoy, or what feels the most effective, so some aspects of exercise and fitness are ignored, says Rachel Wilson, a physical therapist at Harvard-affiliated Brigham and Women s Hospital. In reality, we should all be doing aerobics, stretching, strengthening, and balance exercises. Here, we list what you need to know about each exercise type and offer examples to try, with a doctor s okay.", "Aerobic exercise also helps relax blood vessel walls, lower blood pressure, burn body fat, lower blood sugar levels, reduce inflammation, boost mood, and raise good HDL cholesterol. Combined with weight loss, it can lower bad LDL cholesterol levels, too. Over the long term, aerobic exercise reduces your risk of heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, breast and colon cancer, depression, and falls.", "Aim for 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity activity. Try brisk walking, swimming, jogging, cycling, dancing, or classes like step aerobics.", "Starting position: Stand tall with your feet together and arms at your sides.", "Movement: Bend your elbows and swing your arms as you lift your knees.", "March in a variety of styles:", "March four steps forward, and then four steps back.", "March in place with feet wide apart.", "Alternate marching feet wide and together (out, out, in, in).", "Look straight ahead, and keep your abs tight.", "Breathe comfortably, and don t clench your fists.", "Make it easier: March slower and don t lift your knees as high.", "Make it harder: Lift your knees higher, march faster, and really pump your arms.", "As we age, we lose muscle mass. Strength training builds it back. Regular strength training will help you feel more confident and capable of daily tasks like carrying groceries, gardening, and lifting heavier objects around the house. Strength training will also help you stand up from a chair, get up off the floor, and go up stairs, says Wilson.", "Strengthening your muscles not only makes you stronger, but also stimulates bone growth, lowers blood sugar, assists with weight control, improves balance and posture, and reduces stress and pain in the lower back and joints.", "A physical therapist can design a strength training program that you can do two to three times a week at a gym, at home, or at work. It will likely include body weight exercises like squats, push-ups, and lunges, and exercises involving resistance from a weight, a band, or a weight machine.", "Remember, it s important to feel some muscle fatigue at the end of the exercise to make sure you are working or training the muscle group effectively, Wilson says.", "Starting position: Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart, arms at your sides.", "Movement: Slowly bend your hips and knees, lowering your buttocks about eight inches, as if you re sitting back into a chair. Let your arms swing forward to help you balance. Keep your back straight. Slowly return to the starting position. Repeat 8-12 times.", "Shift your weight into your heels.", "Squeeze your buttocks as you stand to help you balance.", "Make it easier: Sit on the edge of a chair with your feet hip-width apart and arms crossed over your chest. Tighten your abdominal muscles and stand up. Slowly sit down with control.", "Make it harder: Lower farther, but not past your thighs being parallel to the floor.", "Stretching helps maintain flexibility. We often overlook that in youth, when our muscles are healthier. But aging leads to a loss of flexibility in the muscles and tendons. Muscles shorten and don t function properly. That increases the risk for muscle cramps and pain, muscle damage, strains, joint pain, and falling, and it also makes it tough to get through daily activities, such as bending down to tie your shoes.", "Likewise, stretching the muscles routinely makes them longer and more flexible, which increases your range of motion and reduces pain and the risk for injury.", "Aim for a program of stretching every day or at least three or four times per week.", "Warm up your muscles first, with a few minutes of dynamic stretches\u2014repetitive motion such as marching in place or arm circles. That gets blood and oxygen to muscles, and makes them amenable to change.", "Then perform static stretches (holding a stretch position for up to 60 seconds) for the calves, the hamstrings, hip flexors, quadriceps, and the muscles of the shoulders, neck, and lower back.", "However, don t push a stretch into the painful range. That tightens the muscle and is counterproductive, says Wilson.", "Single knee rotation", "Starting position: Lie on your back with your legs extended on the floor.", "Movement: Relax your shoulders against the floor. Bend your left knee and place your left foot on your right thigh just above the knee. Tighten your abdominal muscles, then grasp your left knee with your right hand and gently pull it across your body toward your right side.", "Hold 10 to 30 seconds.", "Return to the starting position and repeat on the other side.", "Stretch to the point of mild tension, not pain.", "Try to keep both shoulders flat on the floor.", "To increase the stretch, look in the direction opposite to your knee.", "4. Balance exercises", "Improving your balance makes you feel steadier on your feet and helps prevent falls. It s especially important as we get older, when the systems that help us maintain balance\u2014our vision, our inner ear, and our leg muscles and joints\u2014tend to break down. The good news is that training your balance can help prevent and reverse these losses, says Wilson.", "Many senior centers and gyms offer balance-focused exercise classes, such as tai chi or yoga. It s never too early to start this type of exercise, even if you feel you don t have balance problems.", "You can also go to a physical therapist, who can determine your current balance abilities and prescribe specific exercises to target your areas of weakness. That s especially important if you ve had a fall or a near-fall, or if you have a fear of falling, explains Wilson.", "Standing knee lift", "Starting position: Stand up straight with your feet together and your hands on your hips.", "Movement: Lift your left knee toward the ceiling as high as is comfortable or until your thigh is parallel to the floor. Hold, then slowly lower your knee to the starting position.", "Repeat the exercise 3-5 times.", "Then perform the exercise 3-5 times with your right leg.", "Keep your chest lifted and your shoulders down and back.", "Lift your arms out to your sides to help you balance, if needed.", "Tighten your abdominal muscles throughout.", "Tighten the buttock of your standing leg for stability.", "Breathe comfortably.", "Make it easier: Hold on to the back of a chair or counter with one hand.", "Make it harder: Lower your leg all the way to the floor without touching it. Just as it is about to touch, lift your leg up again.", "Make a home gym work for you", "New physical activity guidelines: Even a little activity will help health" ] }, { "url": "https://www.trxtraining.com/train/different-types-of-workouts-to-consider", "title": "Different Types of Workouts to Consider", "content": [ "Different Types of Workouts to Consider", "Posted on Feb 2, 2016 10:11:00 AM", "Body Transformation Series, Part 4 of 7", "\u201cWhat is the best method for you to train for cardio, strength, endurance or flexibility? The answer depends on what you want to accomplish \u2013 the goals of your training. There are several options you can choose from and TRX Suspension Training is an effective, powerful and portable tool which can be part of all of the following techniques.\u201d", "Years ago, when prescribing exercise, we used a number of unproven training systems based on the ideas and experiences of well-intentioned physicians, coaches and educators. But exercise science and prescription today is based on the results of thousands of peer-reviewed research studies and best practices of experts in the field. The correct dose is based on the type of exercise being performed, the time, intensity and frequency of training, as well as, your individual needs.", "There are many ways to improve fitness. You can apply a variety of techniques using a systematic approach gradually, or you can rush the process, pushing too far too fast, risking soreness, overtraining and even injury. Improving fitness involves increasing the range of motion and pace of movements, strengthening the muscles of the body both inside and out, decreasing fat and learning to move in a more fluid, uninhibited way. You earn your fitness, minute-by-minute, day-by-day as you engage in appropriate training exercises.", "Cherry Picking Programs", "There are five traditional components of fitness. All are important and all five need to be considered and respected as part of your complete training program. The five components include muscle strength, muscle endurance, cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility and body composition. Body composition is a direct reflection of your diet, so your exercise routine is influenced by your body composition and vice versa.", "Often people pick and choose the types of exercise they like the best and only train in those modalities. For example, some people only like cardio, running for miles a week but neglecting muscular strength and flexibility and as a result find themselves chronically injured or not progressing as effectively as possible. Others prefer strength training, with limited range of motion at joints that are critical to daily, functional activity, with very little aerobic fitness to boot. In both of these scenarios, regardless of how successful each of these fitness enthusiasts are in their favorite areas of training, they are incomplete, neglecting the very important components that create a completely healthy and fit person. One of the most neglected areas of fitness is flexibility, but it\u2019s very influential on an active lifestyle. A moderate to high level of flexibility and mobility are important for efficient movement. If you disregard stretching, your muscles and connective tissues can lose distensibility and elasticity making exercise less efficient and potentially contribute to injury. Make a point to include flexibility as a regular part of your training program.", "The FITT Principle", "We know the manipulation of how often (frequency), how hard (intensity), how long (time or duration) and what you want to accomplish (type) is the key to bringing about improvements in fitness. This is referred to as the FITT Principle and there are specific formulas based on your individual training goals. For example, if you are looking for increased aerobic stamina, you will apply the FIIT Principle with aerobic adaptations in mind. If you are looking for greater strength or more muscle size (hypertrophy), there is a FIIT formula for that. If you want greater flexibility, there are FIIT guidelines for that too. What you are trying to accomplish will dictate how to manipulate these FIIT variables.", "The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) has established FIIT guidelines that are easy to follow based on the modality of fitness you are trying to improve:", "FITT Principle for Aerobic Performance (Some general Guidelines)", "\u2022 Aerobic exercise involves sustained, rhythmic movements using large muscles of the body with oxygen as the primary energy source for extended periods of time. If your goal is performance, you should include training at or near your lactate threshold (the point where you are pushed).", "o How Often? (frequency)", "\uf0a7 Beginner: 3-5 days per week", "\uf0a7 Moderate to High: 5-7 days per week", "o How Hard? (intensity)", "\uf0a7 Deconditioned: 30-40% of your Heart Rate Reserve (HRR)", "\uf0a7 Moderate: 40-60% of your HRR", "\uf0a7 Vigorous: 60-85% of your HRR", "\uf0a7 To estimate your appropriate heart rate reserve use this equation:", "\u2022 HRR = 220 \u2013 (your age) \u2013 (your resting heart rate) x (desired percentage)", "o How Long? (time or duration)", "\uf0a7 Beginner: 20-30 minutes", "\uf0a7 Moderate to High: 30-60 minutes", "o What kind? (type)", "\uf0a7 A continuous rhythmic activity such as walking, running, cycling, swimming or circuit training. The specific type of exercise you select should be enjoyable to you so you can be consistent. TRX Suspension Training used for body-weight circuit training is an excellent choice because of the variety and ability to change intensity quickly.", "FITT Principle for Muscular Strength & Endurance", "\u2022 Muscular endurance is the ability to perform several, sub-maximal muscular contractions in a row with sustained intensity. Muscular strength is the ability to perform one repetition at your maximal intensity.", "\uf0a7 Beginner: 2-3 days per week, full body workout, 48-72 hours of rest in between workouts", "\uf0a7 Intermediate to High: 4\u20135 days per week; perform split workouts (example: Monday and Thursday, chest, shoulders, triceps, abdominals; Tuesday and Friday, back, legs, biceps), 48\u201372 hours of rest in-between workouts", "\uf0a7 Beginner: 60-70% of maximum strength (1 RM)", "\uf0a7 Intermediate to High: 70-90% of maximum strength (1RM)", "\uf0a7 Beginner: 1-3 sets, 8-12 reps, 30-sec to 1 min between", "\uf0a7 Intermediate to High: Endurance 12-20 sets, 2-3 reps 30 sec \u2013 1 min between; Strength 2-6 reps, 3-5 sets, 2-5 min between", "\uf0a7 Depends on the time you need to accomplish your goals, but no more than 60-minutes is necessary", "\uf0a7 Resistance machines, free weights, elastic tubing, medicine ball, body-weight/calisthenics", "FITT Principle for Flexibility", "\u2022 Flexibility is the uninhibited range of motion through a joint and in the adjacent soft tissues", "\uf0a7 A minimum of 2-3 days per week. It is best to do some stretching daily", "\uf0a7 Stretch to the point where you feel tension in the muscles, but not pain", "\uf0a7 During a warm up, stretches should be dynamic, not held. Whereas, later in the workout or at the end of the workout, stretches are held (static stretches)", "\uf0a7 15-30-minutes, 20-60 seconds for each stretch, 2-3 sets", "\uf0a7 Yoga, traditional stretching routines, TRX Suspension Training assisted stretching exercises", "\u201cWith any worthwhile fitness program, you will earn your progressions and perform the exercises with precision and care.\u201d", "Various Training Methods", "What is the best method for you to train for cardio, strength, endurance, flexibility or concurrent (multiple goals at once)? The answer depends on what you want to accomplish \u2013 the goals of your training. There are several options you can choose from and TRX Suspension Training can be an effective part of all of the following training techniques, a powerful, portable tool for performance. With any worthwhile fitness program, you will need to earn your progressions within each exercise and perform the movements with precision and care if you are to realize the benefits and avoid potentially harmful side effects.", "Circuit training involves a series of resistance exercises designed to promote strength and muscle endurance. Circuit training is typically organized in timed, stations of movement, which can be resistance or cardio-based. Incorporate the TRX straps with weights and cardio for an amazing circuit training session.", "High intensity interval training (HIIT) takes advantage of short, micro bursts of very high intensity exercise, coupled with a short duration of timed recovery. HIIT protocols are very powerful in that they create an \u201cin workout\u201d oxygen deficit in an effort to create EPOC, or excess post-exercise oxygen consumption. EPOC is a physiological condition in which the body is stressed after the workout, utilizing further amounts of energy (above and beyond that required for the actual workout) to replace the used substrates and bring the systems of the body back to resting levels stressed during the HIIT workout. HIIT is powerful if used responsibly but requires recovery between workouts. HIIT protocols (particularly Tabata) are easy to implement using the TRX straps. Try this Tabata protocol using the TRX straps:", "4-minutes, 20 seconds of work/10 seconds of recovery for 8 rounds", "\uf0a7 Round #1 Side Plank Right", "\uf0a7 Round #2 Side Plank Right with Hip Dip", "\uf0a7 Round #3 Forearm Plank", "\uf0a7 Round #4 TRX Push Up", "\uf0a7 Round #5 Side Plank Left", "\uf0a7 Round #6 Side Plank Left with Hip Dip", "\uf0a7 Round #7 Forearm Body Saw with Crunch", "\uf0a7 Round #8 TRX Pike", "An essential part of improving strength and muscular endurance, resistance training can incorporate body weight, TRX Suspension Training, free weights, weight machines, etc. Traditional strength training techniques, including super sets (2 or more exercises in a row for opposing muscle groups), giant sets (3 successive exercises targeting the same muscle groups), ascending and descending pyramids and eccentric loading, can all happen using the TRX Suspension Trainer. Simply manipulate the TRX intensity variables of Vector, Stability and the Pendulum Principles.", "Speed and power training are very activity specific, so if you have a particular goal in mind with respect to speed or power, it is important that you train specifically for that particular goal. Speed is also referred to as velocity. The best way to train for speed is high-speed contractions with low resistance.", "Power is Force x Distance / Time. Power combines strength (force) and velocity or speed (distance / time). Power is related to strength and speed \u2013 if you can improve one or both of these components, you will increase your power. A popular power training technique is plyometrics, which are explosive movements designed to improve power. However, excessive use or improper technique can lead to injuries. Many TRX exercises lend themselves very well to power and explosive movements. Try the sprinters start, front squat, cycle lunges or the squat jump for lower body power training.", "\u201cTRX suspension training is all core all the time, so you never need to worry if you are getting your core training done when using the Suspension Trainer.\u201d", "The muscles that attach to the spine and pelvis are referred to as the core muscles. Core exercises recruit one or more large muscle areas (abdominal, back, torso, chest, shoulders, and hips) and involve multiple joints. They are a high priority in terms of both health and performance. A stable core can generate a greater transfer of power to the extremities and can also reduce your risk of injury. TRX Suspension Training is \u201call core all the time,\u201d so you never need to worry if you are getting your core training done when using the TRX straps. Peer reviewed research demonstrates, when used as prescribed, higher levels of core muscle activation are present with Suspension Training than without.", "Intensity is important, but excessive emphasis on intensity can take the joy out of regular activity and may lead to overtraining, overuse or even injury. Athletes don\u2019t train at maximal intensity every day, nor should you. If you use a heart rate monitor to measure your intensity, be sure to also include a subjective measure of intensity (perceived exertion), and listen to your body. Adopt the intensity gradually, enjoy the experience and the amazing results will come.", "Irene Lewis-McCormick M.S is Adjunct Faculty at Drake University, an SCW Fitness Education (SCW) Certification Master Trainer and the Education Director at Octane Fitness. An Orange Theory Fitness coach, she\u2019s a twice published author (Human Kinetics) holding advisory board positions with Diabetic Living and the National Egg Council. Named Top 3 Group Fitness Instructor 2015 by IDEA Health & Fitness, Irene is a RYKA Ambassador and Subject Matter Expert for ACE. Irene presents education for SCW, ACSM, IDEA and NSCA. She is an SCW, TRX, Tabata Bootcamp, Barre Above, JumpSport and Octane Fitness master trainer. Certifications include SCW, ACSM, NSCA, ACE, AFAA & AEA." ] }, { "url": "https://2lazy4gym.com/workout-types/", "title": "Workout Types 2 Lazy 4 the Gym", "content": [ "There are over 1000 reviews on this blog. If you know the exact workout you want to read about, you can use the search function (at the bottom of this page and on the side bar of each individual pages/posts) to find that workout. If you know the trainer you are interested in then you can visit the Trainer page. However, maybe you are looking for a workout by type\u2013length, equipment used, by muscle group worked, etc. This page breaks the workouts down by categories to help you find what you are looking for.", "**Please note that the new blog format is a work in progress. This new format launched on May 23, 2019, so it will take time to create the content promised on this page. Until that time, you can still visit all of the posts on this blog using the menu at the top of the blog as well as sorting the posts by categories listed at the right or using the drop down menu at the bottom of the page.**Just a little FYI\u2013as of 02/03/20, still working on this page. It is slow going but I haven\u2019t quit.**", "For the lists of workouts by muscle group (upper, lower & total body) I have included some free YouTube workouts unless the workouts combine many different things\u2013cardio, some upper body muscle groups (but not all) plus lower body\u2013those workouts obviously don\u2019t have premixes to separate muscle groups. Yvette Bachman does this, so you will have to view her individual workouts for more info on what muscle groups are worked and how much work they get. Also, if there are muscle split workouts within a fitness program that contains many workouts, I just note that it is a program (unless the program only contains one muscle split, then I note the length of that specific muscle split only). However, everything is linked to the blog post about it, so all you have to do is click on the link and it will take you to the post for more info.", "***02/03/20 Addition: Top 10 lists" ] }, { "url": "https://www.bodybuilding.com/content/5-best-bodybuilding-programs-to-pack-on-serious-muscle.html", "title": "5 Best Bodybuilding Programs With Workouts Routines", "content": [ "5 Best Bodybuilding Programs To Pack On Serious Muscle!", "For anyone who is looking to pack on some serious mass, one of their top priorities will be to determine what the best training method is. Here are 5 workout set-ups to pack on serious muscle.", "For anyone who is looking to pack on some serious mass, one of their top priorities will be to determine what the best training method is. Here are 5 workout set-ups to pack on serious muscle. Learn more.", "For anyone looking to pack on some serious muscle mass, one of the top priorities will be to determine what the best bodybuilding workout to follow is. There are a wide range of different workouts available, so choosing the one that will suit your needs best is important.", "It s also essential that you understand which factors contribute the most to gaining lean muscle mass. A program that utilizes these principles will often fare better than one that doesn t.", "Let s take a brief look at some of the more popular bodybuilding workout set-ups and identify the pros and cons of each.", "1. The 5 X 5 Program", "The five-by-five program is one that is quite popular among those who are looking to gain a high amount of strength and muscle mass.", "The set-up of this program is to perform three main exercises that target the main muscle groups in the body (both lower and upper body in the same workout), performing five sets of five repetitions. At the end of each workout you can add in a few sets of isolated exercises if you like, but it s not required by the program.", "One of the biggest advantages of this set-up is going to be an increased frequency of training. Since you will stimulate so many muscle fibers every other day, you will see a very high release of testosterone, promoting a good degree of muscle mass growth.", "Most individuals also find that they become hungrier while following this program, which is representative of the intense nature of it.", "The drawback to this program is that it s one that a beginner likely shouldn t jump into as it will be intense and could lead to overtraining if you re not careful. It s best to have a 3-6 month lifting history behind you so you can be sure your body is ready for this stress load.", "The second con to this set-up is due to the fact that you ll be lifting heavy three times a week - it doesn t lend so well for a lot of other activity, such as heavy sports training. If you re involved in high-level athletics, it may be better to choose a slightly less demanding program so you don t become overly fatigued.", "You ll want to aim to perform the 5 X 5 protocol for the core exercises as described above and then cut back on the volume for the accessory lifts.", "If you know going in you re someone who tends to have difficulty recovering, then you may want to attempt a 3 X 5 set-up first and see how you do. It can be easy to overtrain on this program if you re not careful.", "Alternate between workout A and workout B three times a week with at least one day off between sessions. Aim to rest for 60-to-120 seconds between sets of the core exercises and 30-to-45 seconds between sets for the accessory exercises.", "5 x 5 Program: Workout A", "2 sets, 15 reps", "5 x 5 Program: Workout B", "Front Barbell Squat", "5 sets, 5", "2. German Volume Training", "The next higher volume muscle-building program is German Volume Training. This one is quite similar to the 5 x 5 program in that it too is going to call for a higher set number, but it differs in that it takes the rep ranges much higher to ten reps for each set.", "The design of this program is to focus on two main muscle groups per day, alternating between them over the course of three days a week.", "For someone who has some training behind them, this type of workout can allow you to build muscle mass at an incredibly high pace provided you re following a proper nutritional protocol with it as well.", "Some individuals will make the mistake of not looking after their nutrition on this program and it s those people who are at a much higher risk of burning out after a short period of time passes.", "If you want to get good results with this program, eating a higher calorie diet will be a must to support the volume.", "Similar to the 5 x 5, if you re planning on doing a lot of additional activity with this program - sports training, cardio, or otherwise, you may run into some problems. Typically you will need to reduce everything else you re doing so the body can have enough time to recover and progress ... be sure you factor this in as well.", "The other con of this program is that if you are interested in maximum strength development, it may not be the absolute best idea either. The reason for this is that pure strength gains typically require you to lift in a lower rep range, while this program pushes it a bit further.", "There are advanced variations with German Volume Training that bring the rep range lower to allow for more weight. If this is an important issue for you, think about looking into that.", "For this workout protocol, you are to select one compound exercise for each muscle group and hit it hard with ten sets of ten reps. Once those have been completed, then you can add a few isolation exercises if you wish but bring them down to only 2-3 sets of 10-15 reps.", "Aim to keep up the pace of the workout by keeping your rest to 60-90 seconds. Remember that since you are shooting for the higher rep range of 10 reps, you will not be using as high of a weight as you would on a 5-6 rep protocol, so be sure you adjust your load accordingly. 50-60% of your 1 rep max would be a good place to start.", "The workout is broken up into three different days: chest and back, legs and abs, and then shoulders and arms. Take one day off between workouts and have the full weekend for solid recuperation.", "German Volume Training: Workout 1", "10 sets, 10 reps", "3 sets, 10-15 reps", "Cable Lying Triceps Extension", "3. The FST-7 Training Program", "The third type of volume training program that s catching on rather rapidly is the FST-7 Training Program. This training program doesn t specifically lay out all the exercises you need to perform in a given session nor does it specifically state that you must divide the body up into a certain protocol (upper body and lower body or chest/back, legs and shoulder for example), but rather gives you guidelines as to what you should be doing on the last exercise for each body part worked that session.", "The FST-7 name stands for Fascial Stretch Training, which indicates that one of the primary objectives this program attempts to achieve is to stretch the fascia tissue, which is the soft connective tissue that is found surrounding your muscles as well as throughout the rest of the body.", "It is primarily responsible for helping to maintain the structural integrity of the body, provide support and protection, as well as work as a shock absorber when you perform activity throughout the day, both in the gym and out.", "When this tissue is stretched you will see increases in muscle growth. There will be a higher deliverance of minerals, amino acids and oxygen to the tissues.", "With this set-up, perform seven sets of 15 reps for the last exercise you do for each muscle group. It s important to keep your rest periods between these sets shorter - right around 30 seconds total.", "Note: it will be common to adjust the weight downward from what you d normally use for this particular exercise due to the fact that you are using a much higher total number of sets and the longer rep range will demand that you re not lifting as heavy.", "The pros to this program beside the obvious (better fascia health) are that it still allows for a great deal of flexibility on your part with overall structural design.", "If you want to specialize in certain body parts you can definitely do so or if you prefer to keep the rest of the program lower in total volume because you don t have the best of recovery rate, you can certainly do that as well.", "Another pro to this approach is that the higher rep and set range for that one exercise will stimulate the metabolic rate considerably, so whether your goal is muscle building or fat loss, provided you re eating the correct accompanying diet, you can see a boost in results through that manner as well.", "Potentially the one con you may see with this approach is, if you struggle with recovery, you may not be able to work out as frequently as you re accustomed after performing this protocol. After time you will likely find that your body adapts, so try not to abandon the program too quickly if this is in fact what you find.", "Stick with it and make sure you eat properly and stretching in between sessions without adding too much cardio training to the week overall and you ll likely start seeing results and improvements with the level of fatigue you feel.", "This is another extremely intense training program so you must always monitor recovery between sessions.", "Some people may choose to only employ the FST-7 principle in one of their workouts for a particularly lagging muscle group, while others may try it through all workouts during the week.", "Do expect more soreness from this program than you may have experienced before and be prepared to adjust and adapt your own schedule based on this. Here s a sample FST-7 program that you could use that applies the principle to all muscle groups.", "Note that you re best off doing an isolated exercise for your set of 7, which is why the exercises are chosen as such.", "Take between 60 and 120 seconds of rest on the exercises apart from the exercise where you are to perform seven sets. Here the rest period needs to be shorter and kept around 30 seconds for maximum muscle pump.", "FST-7 Training, Day 1: Biceps, Triceps, And Calves", "3 sets, 8-12 reps (3-4 sets)", "Close-Grip Barbell Bench Press", "FST-7 Training, Day 2: Legs", "FST-7 Training, Day 3: Off", "FST-7 Training, Day 4: Chest And Triceps", "FST-7 Training, Day 5: Back And Calves", "FST-7 Training, Day 6: Shoulders And Biceps", "4. Upper/Lower Split Training", "Moving on, the fourth type of workout to think about is an upper/lower body split. This set-up is typically performed on a two on, one off schedule and allows you to hit each muscle group twice per week.", "The pro to this type of workout program is that it is a good option for beginners weight lifters looking to build mass. Since it still allows enough rest over the entire week and breaks the body up so each workout is slightly less stressful, it s a good place to start.", "Advanced trainees can also intensify the workout through the total set number, exercise selection, and rest periods used, allowing for increased muscle gains at any level.", "Another big advantage to this type of set-up is the fact that it will allow you to include more isolated exercises. If you want to specifically target one of the smaller muscle groups (biceps, triceps, lateral deltoid, etc), you can do so more easily.", "Because this type of bodybuilding program is so versatile, there really aren t a great deal of cons with it. You can change it around a great deal to meet whatever your individual needs are, making sure you get what you re looking for from your workout program.", "The one con you may find with this workout is due to the fact that since it is made to be a 4-day program, it should be performed four days of the week. If you have scheduling conflicts, that may be a problem for you.", "Even this could be overcome by doing one week of lower, upper, lower training and the next week of upper, lower, upper training - and continually alternating as such.", "There is an endless amount of exercise-selection choices for this type of workout plan and you should format the program according to how much volume you can handle, any muscle groups you want to focus on and whether you primarily focus on strength or size.", "The following sample program is a good combination of compound and isolation exercises. It will target both the strength and size aspects of your fitness level.", "Aim to take about one minute of rest between the first group of exercises and then shorten the rest period to 30-45 seconds for the second.", "Perform Workout A and Workout B one after each other and then break for a day before moving to Workout C and Workout D to round out your training week.", "Upper/Lower Split: Workout A", "Upper/Lower Split: Workout B", "Reverse Flyes", "Upper/Lower Split: Workout C", "Upper/Lower Split: Workout D", "Barbell Incline Bench Press Medium-Grip", "2 sets, 15 reps (or until fatigue)", "5. Full Body Workouts", "Lastly we come to full-body workouts. The 5 x 5 program could also be considered a full-body workout program to a degree, since you work almost all the major muscle groups with the three exercises you choose. But, true full-body programs will provide one direct exercise for each muscle group - quads, hamstrings, chest, back and shoulders (arms are worked when doing chest and back).", "In addition to those lifts, you could also throw in a few isolated exercises if you want to hit the smaller muscles individually.", "One big pro of this program is again that it can be appropriate for a beginner, provided they use a lower total set number for each exercise and watch the volume.", "It can certainly be used by advanced individuals as well. Since it has the high-frequency aspect working for it, it typically proves to be successful.", "There are a number of different combinations you can create a full-body workout with and can utilize different principles within the workout to add variety and keep progressing.", "One main con of the full-body workout program is that it s not as good if you re looking to specialize in a certain body part since you have to perform some exercises for each body part in the same session.", "Typically with specialization workouts you re going to want to dedicate two or three lifts to the body part you re specializing in, making the workout slightly crowded once you fit everything in.", "For each full-body workout, you ll hit all the major muscle groups while using as many compound exercises as possible to keep overall volume under control.", "The few isolation exercises are added toward the end of the workout to help further bring out muscle definition and increase the muscle pump you experience.", "Aim to complete the following workouts alternating between them over the course of two to three days per week with at least one day off in between for rest.", "Take 60-90 seconds of rest between the sets of the first grouping of exercises and 45-60 seconds of rest between the sets of the second grouping of exercises.", "Full Body: Workout A", "Full Body: Workout B", "Keep these four different types of workouts in mind as you make the decision which will be the best bodybuilding workout program for you.", "Keep in mind that you can and should switch programs after so long to keep experiencing results and avoid a plateau so don t think that once you choose one program, it s written in stone that s the workout program you have to follow for a long period of time.", "GET 50+ FITNESS PLANS", "Access our entire library of more than 50 fitness programs. We\u2019ll help you gain muscle, lose fat, and change your life for only $8.99 a month!" ] }, { "url": "https://www.livestrong.com/article/534321-five-types-of-fitness-training/", "title": "Five Types of Fitness Training Livestrong com", "content": [ "Five Types of Fitness Training", "Exercise (Image: Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images)", "Five major types of fitness training include flexibility exercise, dynamic strength-training, static strength-training, aerobic exercise and circuit training. A solid workout plan will incorporate all five of these major fitness training types to improve your health.", "Flexibility Training (Image: Comstock/Comstock/Getty Images)", "Flexibility training is among the most important types of fitness training because it provides a foundation for all your other exercise types. These stretching exercises reduce your risk of injury, improve your flexibility and range of motion, and serve as a solid warm-up for more vigorous exercise. Additionally, yoga can strengthen and relax your muscles, while tai chi can reduce stress and improve your balance. Flexibility exercises are an excellent way to improve your posture and breathing.", "Dynamic Strength-training", "Dynamic Strength-training (Image: Stockbyte/Stockbyte/Getty Images)", "Dynamic strength training is considered an anaerobic exercise, and is also known as isotonic exercise. This type of exercise strengthens your muscles over a full-range of motion. Weightlifting and calisthenics are examples of dynamic strength-training. This type of exercise uses resistance to work your muscles through a completed motion, such as performing a bench press, leg press or situp.", "Static Strength-training", "Static Strength-training (Image: BananaStock/BananaStock/Getty Images)", "Static strength-training is also considered an anaerobic exercise, and is also known as isometric exercise. This type of exercise helps you to maintain muscle strength and tone. Isometrics involve contracting a muscle without moving any joints. Isometric exercises come in two types: submaximal and maximal. Submaximal exercises involve contracting your muscles with less than your maximum strength, such as holding a dumbbell steady with your arm fully extended outward. Maximal exercises involve contracting your muscles with all your strength, such as pushing against an immovable object.", "Aerobic Training (Image: Stockbyte/Stockbyte/Getty Images)", "Aerobic training strengthens your cardiovascular system by increasing your heart rate and breathing. These exercises use large muscle groups to perform rhythmic actions for a sustained period of time. Typically, they are performed for longer than 15 minutes and should maintain your heart rate at between 60 percent to 80 percent of your maximum heart rate. Examples of aerobic exercise include fast walking, jogging, running, stair steppers, elliptical and swimming.", "Circuit Training (Image: Chris Clinton/Photodisc/Getty Images)", "Circuit training combines strength-training with aerobic exercise. This type of exercise involves jogging between exercise stations. At individual stations, you perform different flexibility, dynamic strength training and static strength training exercises. By jogging between the stations, you maintain an elevated heart rate throughout the duration of the circuit. Typically, you perform each station for 30 to 60 seconds and continue the overall circuit for 30 to 60 minutes. This is an effective option to break-up the monotony of your usual workout routine and can be performed indoors during poor weather. To save on space indoors, you can simply run in place for 30 to 60 seconds between exercises.", "Arthritis Foundation: Types of Exercise", "Sports Fitness Advisor: Circuit Training Section", "Physical Activity for Everyone: How Much Physical Activity Do Adults Need?", "Fitness; What Are Isometric Exercises, and Are They a Good Way to Build Strength?; Edward Laskowski", "Sports Fitness Advisor: Isometric Exercises & Static Strength Training", "Non-Equipment Fast Weight Loss Exercises", "A Warm-up for Circuit Training", "How Can Exercise Improve Your Muscular System?", "How to Lose Weight With 10 Minutes of Exercise a Day", "How Many Calories Are Burned in One Hour of Mixed Exercise?", "Exercise Contraindications in People With High Blood Pressure" ] } ] }, "timestamp": null }, { "action": "Wizard => Apprentice", "text": "Have you heard of the 5x5 program? It's setup to help you achieve strength and muscle mass utilizing 3 main exercises over 5x5 repetitions..", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.health.harvard.edu/exercise-and-fitness/the-4-most-important-types-of-exercise", "title": "The 4 most important types of exercise Harvard Health", "content": [ "The 4 most important types of exercise", "Strengthening, stretching, balance, and aerobic exercises will keep you active, mobile, and feeling great.", "Exercise is key to good health. But we tend to limit ourselves to one or two types of activity. People do what they enjoy, or what feels the most effective, so some aspects of exercise and fitness are ignored, says Rachel Wilson, a physical therapist at Harvard-affiliated Brigham and Women s Hospital. In reality, we should all be doing aerobics, stretching, strengthening, and balance exercises. Here, we list what you need to know about each exercise type and offer examples to try, with a doctor s okay.", "Aerobic exercise also helps relax blood vessel walls, lower blood pressure, burn body fat, lower blood sugar levels, reduce inflammation, boost mood, and raise good HDL cholesterol. Combined with weight loss, it can lower bad LDL cholesterol levels, too. Over the long term, aerobic exercise reduces your risk of heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, breast and colon cancer, depression, and falls.", "Aim for 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity activity. Try brisk walking, swimming, jogging, cycling, dancing, or classes like step aerobics.", "Starting position: Stand tall with your feet together and arms at your sides.", "Movement: Bend your elbows and swing your arms as you lift your knees.", "March in a variety of styles:", "March four steps forward, and then four steps back.", "March in place with feet wide apart.", "Alternate marching feet wide and together (out, out, in, in).", "Look straight ahead, and keep your abs tight.", "Breathe comfortably, and don t clench your fists.", "Make it easier: March slower and don t lift your knees as high.", "Make it harder: Lift your knees higher, march faster, and really pump your arms.", "As we age, we lose muscle mass. Strength training builds it back. Regular strength training will help you feel more confident and capable of daily tasks like carrying groceries, gardening, and lifting heavier objects around the house. Strength training will also help you stand up from a chair, get up off the floor, and go up stairs, says Wilson.", "Strengthening your muscles not only makes you stronger, but also stimulates bone growth, lowers blood sugar, assists with weight control, improves balance and posture, and reduces stress and pain in the lower back and joints.", "A physical therapist can design a strength training program that you can do two to three times a week at a gym, at home, or at work. It will likely include body weight exercises like squats, push-ups, and lunges, and exercises involving resistance from a weight, a band, or a weight machine.", "Remember, it s important to feel some muscle fatigue at the end of the exercise to make sure you are working or training the muscle group effectively, Wilson says.", "Starting position: Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart, arms at your sides.", "Movement: Slowly bend your hips and knees, lowering your buttocks about eight inches, as if you re sitting back into a chair. Let your arms swing forward to help you balance. Keep your back straight. Slowly return to the starting position. Repeat 8-12 times.", "Shift your weight into your heels.", "Squeeze your buttocks as you stand to help you balance.", "Make it easier: Sit on the edge of a chair with your feet hip-width apart and arms crossed over your chest. Tighten your abdominal muscles and stand up. Slowly sit down with control.", "Make it harder: Lower farther, but not past your thighs being parallel to the floor.", "Stretching helps maintain flexibility. We often overlook that in youth, when our muscles are healthier. But aging leads to a loss of flexibility in the muscles and tendons. Muscles shorten and don t function properly. That increases the risk for muscle cramps and pain, muscle damage, strains, joint pain, and falling, and it also makes it tough to get through daily activities, such as bending down to tie your shoes.", "Likewise, stretching the muscles routinely makes them longer and more flexible, which increases your range of motion and reduces pain and the risk for injury.", "Aim for a program of stretching every day or at least three or four times per week.", "Warm up your muscles first, with a few minutes of dynamic stretches\u2014repetitive motion such as marching in place or arm circles. That gets blood and oxygen to muscles, and makes them amenable to change.", "Then perform static stretches (holding a stretch position for up to 60 seconds) for the calves, the hamstrings, hip flexors, quadriceps, and the muscles of the shoulders, neck, and lower back.", "However, don t push a stretch into the painful range. That tightens the muscle and is counterproductive, says Wilson.", "Single knee rotation", "Starting position: Lie on your back with your legs extended on the floor.", "Movement: Relax your shoulders against the floor. Bend your left knee and place your left foot on your right thigh just above the knee. Tighten your abdominal muscles, then grasp your left knee with your right hand and gently pull it across your body toward your right side.", "Hold 10 to 30 seconds.", "Return to the starting position and repeat on the other side.", "Stretch to the point of mild tension, not pain.", "Try to keep both shoulders flat on the floor.", "To increase the stretch, look in the direction opposite to your knee.", "4. Balance exercises", "Improving your balance makes you feel steadier on your feet and helps prevent falls. It s especially important as we get older, when the systems that help us maintain balance\u2014our vision, our inner ear, and our leg muscles and joints\u2014tend to break down. The good news is that training your balance can help prevent and reverse these losses, says Wilson.", "Many senior centers and gyms offer balance-focused exercise classes, such as tai chi or yoga. It s never too early to start this type of exercise, even if you feel you don t have balance problems.", "You can also go to a physical therapist, who can determine your current balance abilities and prescribe specific exercises to target your areas of weakness. That s especially important if you ve had a fall or a near-fall, or if you have a fear of falling, explains Wilson.", "Standing knee lift", "Starting position: Stand up straight with your feet together and your hands on your hips.", "Movement: Lift your left knee toward the ceiling as high as is comfortable or until your thigh is parallel to the floor. Hold, then slowly lower your knee to the starting position.", "Repeat the exercise 3-5 times.", "Then perform the exercise 3-5 times with your right leg.", "Keep your chest lifted and your shoulders down and back.", "Lift your arms out to your sides to help you balance, if needed.", "Tighten your abdominal muscles throughout.", "Tighten the buttock of your standing leg for stability.", "Breathe comfortably.", "Make it easier: Hold on to the back of a chair or counter with one hand.", "Make it harder: Lower your leg all the way to the floor without touching it. Just as it is about to touch, lift your leg up again.", "Make a home gym work for you", "New physical activity guidelines: Even a little activity will help health" ] }, { "url": "https://www.trxtraining.com/train/different-types-of-workouts-to-consider", "title": "Different Types of Workouts to Consider", "content": [ "Different Types of Workouts to Consider", "Posted on Feb 2, 2016 10:11:00 AM", "Body Transformation Series, Part 4 of 7", "\u201cWhat is the best method for you to train for cardio, strength, endurance or flexibility? The answer depends on what you want to accomplish \u2013 the goals of your training. There are several options you can choose from and TRX Suspension Training is an effective, powerful and portable tool which can be part of all of the following techniques.\u201d", "Years ago, when prescribing exercise, we used a number of unproven training systems based on the ideas and experiences of well-intentioned physicians, coaches and educators. But exercise science and prescription today is based on the results of thousands of peer-reviewed research studies and best practices of experts in the field. The correct dose is based on the type of exercise being performed, the time, intensity and frequency of training, as well as, your individual needs.", "There are many ways to improve fitness. You can apply a variety of techniques using a systematic approach gradually, or you can rush the process, pushing too far too fast, risking soreness, overtraining and even injury. Improving fitness involves increasing the range of motion and pace of movements, strengthening the muscles of the body both inside and out, decreasing fat and learning to move in a more fluid, uninhibited way. You earn your fitness, minute-by-minute, day-by-day as you engage in appropriate training exercises.", "Cherry Picking Programs", "There are five traditional components of fitness. All are important and all five need to be considered and respected as part of your complete training program. The five components include muscle strength, muscle endurance, cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility and body composition. Body composition is a direct reflection of your diet, so your exercise routine is influenced by your body composition and vice versa.", "Often people pick and choose the types of exercise they like the best and only train in those modalities. For example, some people only like cardio, running for miles a week but neglecting muscular strength and flexibility and as a result find themselves chronically injured or not progressing as effectively as possible. Others prefer strength training, with limited range of motion at joints that are critical to daily, functional activity, with very little aerobic fitness to boot. In both of these scenarios, regardless of how successful each of these fitness enthusiasts are in their favorite areas of training, they are incomplete, neglecting the very important components that create a completely healthy and fit person. One of the most neglected areas of fitness is flexibility, but it\u2019s very influential on an active lifestyle. A moderate to high level of flexibility and mobility are important for efficient movement. If you disregard stretching, your muscles and connective tissues can lose distensibility and elasticity making exercise less efficient and potentially contribute to injury. Make a point to include flexibility as a regular part of your training program.", "The FITT Principle", "We know the manipulation of how often (frequency), how hard (intensity), how long (time or duration) and what you want to accomplish (type) is the key to bringing about improvements in fitness. This is referred to as the FITT Principle and there are specific formulas based on your individual training goals. For example, if you are looking for increased aerobic stamina, you will apply the FIIT Principle with aerobic adaptations in mind. If you are looking for greater strength or more muscle size (hypertrophy), there is a FIIT formula for that. If you want greater flexibility, there are FIIT guidelines for that too. What you are trying to accomplish will dictate how to manipulate these FIIT variables.", "The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) has established FIIT guidelines that are easy to follow based on the modality of fitness you are trying to improve:", "FITT Principle for Aerobic Performance (Some general Guidelines)", "\u2022 Aerobic exercise involves sustained, rhythmic movements using large muscles of the body with oxygen as the primary energy source for extended periods of time. If your goal is performance, you should include training at or near your lactate threshold (the point where you are pushed).", "o How Often? (frequency)", "\uf0a7 Beginner: 3-5 days per week", "\uf0a7 Moderate to High: 5-7 days per week", "o How Hard? (intensity)", "\uf0a7 Deconditioned: 30-40% of your Heart Rate Reserve (HRR)", "\uf0a7 Moderate: 40-60% of your HRR", "\uf0a7 Vigorous: 60-85% of your HRR", "\uf0a7 To estimate your appropriate heart rate reserve use this equation:", "\u2022 HRR = 220 \u2013 (your age) \u2013 (your resting heart rate) x (desired percentage)", "o How Long? (time or duration)", "\uf0a7 Beginner: 20-30 minutes", "\uf0a7 Moderate to High: 30-60 minutes", "o What kind? (type)", "\uf0a7 A continuous rhythmic activity such as walking, running, cycling, swimming or circuit training. The specific type of exercise you select should be enjoyable to you so you can be consistent. TRX Suspension Training used for body-weight circuit training is an excellent choice because of the variety and ability to change intensity quickly.", "FITT Principle for Muscular Strength & Endurance", "\u2022 Muscular endurance is the ability to perform several, sub-maximal muscular contractions in a row with sustained intensity. Muscular strength is the ability to perform one repetition at your maximal intensity.", "\uf0a7 Beginner: 2-3 days per week, full body workout, 48-72 hours of rest in between workouts", "\uf0a7 Intermediate to High: 4\u20135 days per week; perform split workouts (example: Monday and Thursday, chest, shoulders, triceps, abdominals; Tuesday and Friday, back, legs, biceps), 48\u201372 hours of rest in-between workouts", "\uf0a7 Beginner: 60-70% of maximum strength (1 RM)", "\uf0a7 Intermediate to High: 70-90% of maximum strength (1RM)", "\uf0a7 Beginner: 1-3 sets, 8-12 reps, 30-sec to 1 min between", "\uf0a7 Intermediate to High: Endurance 12-20 sets, 2-3 reps 30 sec \u2013 1 min between; Strength 2-6 reps, 3-5 sets, 2-5 min between", "\uf0a7 Depends on the time you need to accomplish your goals, but no more than 60-minutes is necessary", "\uf0a7 Resistance machines, free weights, elastic tubing, medicine ball, body-weight/calisthenics", "FITT Principle for Flexibility", "\u2022 Flexibility is the uninhibited range of motion through a joint and in the adjacent soft tissues", "\uf0a7 A minimum of 2-3 days per week. It is best to do some stretching daily", "\uf0a7 Stretch to the point where you feel tension in the muscles, but not pain", "\uf0a7 During a warm up, stretches should be dynamic, not held. Whereas, later in the workout or at the end of the workout, stretches are held (static stretches)", "\uf0a7 15-30-minutes, 20-60 seconds for each stretch, 2-3 sets", "\uf0a7 Yoga, traditional stretching routines, TRX Suspension Training assisted stretching exercises", "\u201cWith any worthwhile fitness program, you will earn your progressions and perform the exercises with precision and care.\u201d", "Various Training Methods", "What is the best method for you to train for cardio, strength, endurance, flexibility or concurrent (multiple goals at once)? The answer depends on what you want to accomplish \u2013 the goals of your training. There are several options you can choose from and TRX Suspension Training can be an effective part of all of the following training techniques, a powerful, portable tool for performance. With any worthwhile fitness program, you will need to earn your progressions within each exercise and perform the movements with precision and care if you are to realize the benefits and avoid potentially harmful side effects.", "Circuit training involves a series of resistance exercises designed to promote strength and muscle endurance. Circuit training is typically organized in timed, stations of movement, which can be resistance or cardio-based. Incorporate the TRX straps with weights and cardio for an amazing circuit training session.", "High intensity interval training (HIIT) takes advantage of short, micro bursts of very high intensity exercise, coupled with a short duration of timed recovery. HIIT protocols are very powerful in that they create an \u201cin workout\u201d oxygen deficit in an effort to create EPOC, or excess post-exercise oxygen consumption. EPOC is a physiological condition in which the body is stressed after the workout, utilizing further amounts of energy (above and beyond that required for the actual workout) to replace the used substrates and bring the systems of the body back to resting levels stressed during the HIIT workout. HIIT is powerful if used responsibly but requires recovery between workouts. HIIT protocols (particularly Tabata) are easy to implement using the TRX straps. Try this Tabata protocol using the TRX straps:", "4-minutes, 20 seconds of work/10 seconds of recovery for 8 rounds", "\uf0a7 Round #1 Side Plank Right", "\uf0a7 Round #2 Side Plank Right with Hip Dip", "\uf0a7 Round #3 Forearm Plank", "\uf0a7 Round #4 TRX Push Up", "\uf0a7 Round #5 Side Plank Left", "\uf0a7 Round #6 Side Plank Left with Hip Dip", "\uf0a7 Round #7 Forearm Body Saw with Crunch", "\uf0a7 Round #8 TRX Pike", "An essential part of improving strength and muscular endurance, resistance training can incorporate body weight, TRX Suspension Training, free weights, weight machines, etc. Traditional strength training techniques, including super sets (2 or more exercises in a row for opposing muscle groups), giant sets (3 successive exercises targeting the same muscle groups), ascending and descending pyramids and eccentric loading, can all happen using the TRX Suspension Trainer. Simply manipulate the TRX intensity variables of Vector, Stability and the Pendulum Principles.", "Speed and power training are very activity specific, so if you have a particular goal in mind with respect to speed or power, it is important that you train specifically for that particular goal. Speed is also referred to as velocity. The best way to train for speed is high-speed contractions with low resistance.", "Power is Force x Distance / Time. Power combines strength (force) and velocity or speed (distance / time). Power is related to strength and speed \u2013 if you can improve one or both of these components, you will increase your power. A popular power training technique is plyometrics, which are explosive movements designed to improve power. However, excessive use or improper technique can lead to injuries. Many TRX exercises lend themselves very well to power and explosive movements. Try the sprinters start, front squat, cycle lunges or the squat jump for lower body power training.", "\u201cTRX suspension training is all core all the time, so you never need to worry if you are getting your core training done when using the Suspension Trainer.\u201d", "The muscles that attach to the spine and pelvis are referred to as the core muscles. Core exercises recruit one or more large muscle areas (abdominal, back, torso, chest, shoulders, and hips) and involve multiple joints. They are a high priority in terms of both health and performance. A stable core can generate a greater transfer of power to the extremities and can also reduce your risk of injury. TRX Suspension Training is \u201call core all the time,\u201d so you never need to worry if you are getting your core training done when using the TRX straps. Peer reviewed research demonstrates, when used as prescribed, higher levels of core muscle activation are present with Suspension Training than without.", "Intensity is important, but excessive emphasis on intensity can take the joy out of regular activity and may lead to overtraining, overuse or even injury. Athletes don\u2019t train at maximal intensity every day, nor should you. If you use a heart rate monitor to measure your intensity, be sure to also include a subjective measure of intensity (perceived exertion), and listen to your body. Adopt the intensity gradually, enjoy the experience and the amazing results will come.", "Irene Lewis-McCormick M.S is Adjunct Faculty at Drake University, an SCW Fitness Education (SCW) Certification Master Trainer and the Education Director at Octane Fitness. An Orange Theory Fitness coach, she\u2019s a twice published author (Human Kinetics) holding advisory board positions with Diabetic Living and the National Egg Council. Named Top 3 Group Fitness Instructor 2015 by IDEA Health & Fitness, Irene is a RYKA Ambassador and Subject Matter Expert for ACE. Irene presents education for SCW, ACSM, IDEA and NSCA. She is an SCW, TRX, Tabata Bootcamp, Barre Above, JumpSport and Octane Fitness master trainer. Certifications include SCW, ACSM, NSCA, ACE, AFAA & AEA." ] }, { "url": "https://2lazy4gym.com/workout-types/", "title": "Workout Types 2 Lazy 4 the Gym", "content": [ "There are over 1000 reviews on this blog. If you know the exact workout you want to read about, you can use the search function (at the bottom of this page and on the side bar of each individual pages/posts) to find that workout. If you know the trainer you are interested in then you can visit the Trainer page. However, maybe you are looking for a workout by type\u2013length, equipment used, by muscle group worked, etc. This page breaks the workouts down by categories to help you find what you are looking for.", "**Please note that the new blog format is a work in progress. This new format launched on May 23, 2019, so it will take time to create the content promised on this page. Until that time, you can still visit all of the posts on this blog using the menu at the top of the blog as well as sorting the posts by categories listed at the right or using the drop down menu at the bottom of the page.**Just a little FYI\u2013as of 02/03/20, still working on this page. It is slow going but I haven\u2019t quit.**", "For the lists of workouts by muscle group (upper, lower & total body) I have included some free YouTube workouts unless the workouts combine many different things\u2013cardio, some upper body muscle groups (but not all) plus lower body\u2013those workouts obviously don\u2019t have premixes to separate muscle groups. Yvette Bachman does this, so you will have to view her individual workouts for more info on what muscle groups are worked and how much work they get. Also, if there are muscle split workouts within a fitness program that contains many workouts, I just note that it is a program (unless the program only contains one muscle split, then I note the length of that specific muscle split only). However, everything is linked to the blog post about it, so all you have to do is click on the link and it will take you to the post for more info.", "***02/03/20 Addition: Top 10 lists" ] }, { "url": "https://www.bodybuilding.com/content/5-best-bodybuilding-programs-to-pack-on-serious-muscle.html", "title": "5 Best Bodybuilding Programs With Workouts Routines", "content": [ "5 Best Bodybuilding Programs To Pack On Serious Muscle!", "For anyone who is looking to pack on some serious mass, one of their top priorities will be to determine what the best training method is. Here are 5 workout set-ups to pack on serious muscle.", "For anyone who is looking to pack on some serious mass, one of their top priorities will be to determine what the best training method is. Here are 5 workout set-ups to pack on serious muscle. Learn more.", "For anyone looking to pack on some serious muscle mass, one of the top priorities will be to determine what the best bodybuilding workout to follow is. There are a wide range of different workouts available, so choosing the one that will suit your needs best is important.", "It s also essential that you understand which factors contribute the most to gaining lean muscle mass. A program that utilizes these principles will often fare better than one that doesn t.", "Let s take a brief look at some of the more popular bodybuilding workout set-ups and identify the pros and cons of each.", "1. The 5 X 5 Program", "The five-by-five program is one that is quite popular among those who are looking to gain a high amount of strength and muscle mass.", "The set-up of this program is to perform three main exercises that target the main muscle groups in the body (both lower and upper body in the same workout), performing five sets of five repetitions. At the end of each workout you can add in a few sets of isolated exercises if you like, but it s not required by the program.", "One of the biggest advantages of this set-up is going to be an increased frequency of training. Since you will stimulate so many muscle fibers every other day, you will see a very high release of testosterone, promoting a good degree of muscle mass growth.", "Most individuals also find that they become hungrier while following this program, which is representative of the intense nature of it.", "The drawback to this program is that it s one that a beginner likely shouldn t jump into as it will be intense and could lead to overtraining if you re not careful. It s best to have a 3-6 month lifting history behind you so you can be sure your body is ready for this stress load.", "The second con to this set-up is due to the fact that you ll be lifting heavy three times a week - it doesn t lend so well for a lot of other activity, such as heavy sports training. If you re involved in high-level athletics, it may be better to choose a slightly less demanding program so you don t become overly fatigued.", "You ll want to aim to perform the 5 X 5 protocol for the core exercises as described above and then cut back on the volume for the accessory lifts.", "If you know going in you re someone who tends to have difficulty recovering, then you may want to attempt a 3 X 5 set-up first and see how you do. It can be easy to overtrain on this program if you re not careful.", "Alternate between workout A and workout B three times a week with at least one day off between sessions. Aim to rest for 60-to-120 seconds between sets of the core exercises and 30-to-45 seconds between sets for the accessory exercises.", "5 x 5 Program: Workout A", "2 sets, 15 reps", "5 x 5 Program: Workout B", "Front Barbell Squat", "5 sets, 5", "2. German Volume Training", "The next higher volume muscle-building program is German Volume Training. This one is quite similar to the 5 x 5 program in that it too is going to call for a higher set number, but it differs in that it takes the rep ranges much higher to ten reps for each set.", "The design of this program is to focus on two main muscle groups per day, alternating between them over the course of three days a week.", "For someone who has some training behind them, this type of workout can allow you to build muscle mass at an incredibly high pace provided you re following a proper nutritional protocol with it as well.", "Some individuals will make the mistake of not looking after their nutrition on this program and it s those people who are at a much higher risk of burning out after a short period of time passes.", "If you want to get good results with this program, eating a higher calorie diet will be a must to support the volume.", "Similar to the 5 x 5, if you re planning on doing a lot of additional activity with this program - sports training, cardio, or otherwise, you may run into some problems. Typically you will need to reduce everything else you re doing so the body can have enough time to recover and progress ... be sure you factor this in as well.", "The other con of this program is that if you are interested in maximum strength development, it may not be the absolute best idea either. The reason for this is that pure strength gains typically require you to lift in a lower rep range, while this program pushes it a bit further.", "There are advanced variations with German Volume Training that bring the rep range lower to allow for more weight. If this is an important issue for you, think about looking into that.", "For this workout protocol, you are to select one compound exercise for each muscle group and hit it hard with ten sets of ten reps. Once those have been completed, then you can add a few isolation exercises if you wish but bring them down to only 2-3 sets of 10-15 reps.", "Aim to keep up the pace of the workout by keeping your rest to 60-90 seconds. Remember that since you are shooting for the higher rep range of 10 reps, you will not be using as high of a weight as you would on a 5-6 rep protocol, so be sure you adjust your load accordingly. 50-60% of your 1 rep max would be a good place to start.", "The workout is broken up into three different days: chest and back, legs and abs, and then shoulders and arms. Take one day off between workouts and have the full weekend for solid recuperation.", "German Volume Training: Workout 1", "10 sets, 10 reps", "3 sets, 10-15 reps", "Cable Lying Triceps Extension", "3. The FST-7 Training Program", "The third type of volume training program that s catching on rather rapidly is the FST-7 Training Program. This training program doesn t specifically lay out all the exercises you need to perform in a given session nor does it specifically state that you must divide the body up into a certain protocol (upper body and lower body or chest/back, legs and shoulder for example), but rather gives you guidelines as to what you should be doing on the last exercise for each body part worked that session.", "The FST-7 name stands for Fascial Stretch Training, which indicates that one of the primary objectives this program attempts to achieve is to stretch the fascia tissue, which is the soft connective tissue that is found surrounding your muscles as well as throughout the rest of the body.", "It is primarily responsible for helping to maintain the structural integrity of the body, provide support and protection, as well as work as a shock absorber when you perform activity throughout the day, both in the gym and out.", "When this tissue is stretched you will see increases in muscle growth. There will be a higher deliverance of minerals, amino acids and oxygen to the tissues.", "With this set-up, perform seven sets of 15 reps for the last exercise you do for each muscle group. It s important to keep your rest periods between these sets shorter - right around 30 seconds total.", "Note: it will be common to adjust the weight downward from what you d normally use for this particular exercise due to the fact that you are using a much higher total number of sets and the longer rep range will demand that you re not lifting as heavy.", "The pros to this program beside the obvious (better fascia health) are that it still allows for a great deal of flexibility on your part with overall structural design.", "If you want to specialize in certain body parts you can definitely do so or if you prefer to keep the rest of the program lower in total volume because you don t have the best of recovery rate, you can certainly do that as well.", "Another pro to this approach is that the higher rep and set range for that one exercise will stimulate the metabolic rate considerably, so whether your goal is muscle building or fat loss, provided you re eating the correct accompanying diet, you can see a boost in results through that manner as well.", "Potentially the one con you may see with this approach is, if you struggle with recovery, you may not be able to work out as frequently as you re accustomed after performing this protocol. After time you will likely find that your body adapts, so try not to abandon the program too quickly if this is in fact what you find.", "Stick with it and make sure you eat properly and stretching in between sessions without adding too much cardio training to the week overall and you ll likely start seeing results and improvements with the level of fatigue you feel.", "This is another extremely intense training program so you must always monitor recovery between sessions.", "Some people may choose to only employ the FST-7 principle in one of their workouts for a particularly lagging muscle group, while others may try it through all workouts during the week.", "Do expect more soreness from this program than you may have experienced before and be prepared to adjust and adapt your own schedule based on this. Here s a sample FST-7 program that you could use that applies the principle to all muscle groups.", "Note that you re best off doing an isolated exercise for your set of 7, which is why the exercises are chosen as such.", "Take between 60 and 120 seconds of rest on the exercises apart from the exercise where you are to perform seven sets. Here the rest period needs to be shorter and kept around 30 seconds for maximum muscle pump.", "FST-7 Training, Day 1: Biceps, Triceps, And Calves", "3 sets, 8-12 reps (3-4 sets)", "Close-Grip Barbell Bench Press", "FST-7 Training, Day 2: Legs", "FST-7 Training, Day 3: Off", "FST-7 Training, Day 4: Chest And Triceps", "FST-7 Training, Day 5: Back And Calves", "FST-7 Training, Day 6: Shoulders And Biceps", "4. Upper/Lower Split Training", "Moving on, the fourth type of workout to think about is an upper/lower body split. This set-up is typically performed on a two on, one off schedule and allows you to hit each muscle group twice per week.", "The pro to this type of workout program is that it is a good option for beginners weight lifters looking to build mass. Since it still allows enough rest over the entire week and breaks the body up so each workout is slightly less stressful, it s a good place to start.", "Advanced trainees can also intensify the workout through the total set number, exercise selection, and rest periods used, allowing for increased muscle gains at any level.", "Another big advantage to this type of set-up is the fact that it will allow you to include more isolated exercises. If you want to specifically target one of the smaller muscle groups (biceps, triceps, lateral deltoid, etc), you can do so more easily.", "Because this type of bodybuilding program is so versatile, there really aren t a great deal of cons with it. You can change it around a great deal to meet whatever your individual needs are, making sure you get what you re looking for from your workout program.", "The one con you may find with this workout is due to the fact that since it is made to be a 4-day program, it should be performed four days of the week. If you have scheduling conflicts, that may be a problem for you.", "Even this could be overcome by doing one week of lower, upper, lower training and the next week of upper, lower, upper training - and continually alternating as such.", "There is an endless amount of exercise-selection choices for this type of workout plan and you should format the program according to how much volume you can handle, any muscle groups you want to focus on and whether you primarily focus on strength or size.", "The following sample program is a good combination of compound and isolation exercises. It will target both the strength and size aspects of your fitness level.", "Aim to take about one minute of rest between the first group of exercises and then shorten the rest period to 30-45 seconds for the second.", "Perform Workout A and Workout B one after each other and then break for a day before moving to Workout C and Workout D to round out your training week.", "Upper/Lower Split: Workout A", "Upper/Lower Split: Workout B", "Reverse Flyes", "Upper/Lower Split: Workout C", "Upper/Lower Split: Workout D", "Barbell Incline Bench Press Medium-Grip", "2 sets, 15 reps (or until fatigue)", "5. Full Body Workouts", "Lastly we come to full-body workouts. The 5 x 5 program could also be considered a full-body workout program to a degree, since you work almost all the major muscle groups with the three exercises you choose. But, true full-body programs will provide one direct exercise for each muscle group - quads, hamstrings, chest, back and shoulders (arms are worked when doing chest and back).", "In addition to those lifts, you could also throw in a few isolated exercises if you want to hit the smaller muscles individually.", "One big pro of this program is again that it can be appropriate for a beginner, provided they use a lower total set number for each exercise and watch the volume.", "It can certainly be used by advanced individuals as well. Since it has the high-frequency aspect working for it, it typically proves to be successful.", "There are a number of different combinations you can create a full-body workout with and can utilize different principles within the workout to add variety and keep progressing.", "One main con of the full-body workout program is that it s not as good if you re looking to specialize in a certain body part since you have to perform some exercises for each body part in the same session.", "Typically with specialization workouts you re going to want to dedicate two or three lifts to the body part you re specializing in, making the workout slightly crowded once you fit everything in.", "For each full-body workout, you ll hit all the major muscle groups while using as many compound exercises as possible to keep overall volume under control.", "The few isolation exercises are added toward the end of the workout to help further bring out muscle definition and increase the muscle pump you experience.", "Aim to complete the following workouts alternating between them over the course of two to three days per week with at least one day off in between for rest.", "Take 60-90 seconds of rest between the sets of the first grouping of exercises and 45-60 seconds of rest between the sets of the second grouping of exercises.", "Full Body: Workout A", "Full Body: Workout B", "Keep these four different types of workouts in mind as you make the decision which will be the best bodybuilding workout program for you.", "Keep in mind that you can and should switch programs after so long to keep experiencing results and avoid a plateau so don t think that once you choose one program, it s written in stone that s the workout program you have to follow for a long period of time.", "GET 50+ FITNESS PLANS", "Access our entire library of more than 50 fitness programs. We\u2019ll help you gain muscle, lose fat, and change your life for only $8.99 a month!" ] }, { "url": "https://www.livestrong.com/article/534321-five-types-of-fitness-training/", "title": "Five Types of Fitness Training Livestrong com", "content": [ "Five Types of Fitness Training", "Exercise (Image: Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images)", "Five major types of fitness training include flexibility exercise, dynamic strength-training, static strength-training, aerobic exercise and circuit training. A solid workout plan will incorporate all five of these major fitness training types to improve your health.", "Flexibility Training (Image: Comstock/Comstock/Getty Images)", "Flexibility training is among the most important types of fitness training because it provides a foundation for all your other exercise types. These stretching exercises reduce your risk of injury, improve your flexibility and range of motion, and serve as a solid warm-up for more vigorous exercise. Additionally, yoga can strengthen and relax your muscles, while tai chi can reduce stress and improve your balance. Flexibility exercises are an excellent way to improve your posture and breathing.", "Dynamic Strength-training", "Dynamic Strength-training (Image: Stockbyte/Stockbyte/Getty Images)", "Dynamic strength training is considered an anaerobic exercise, and is also known as isotonic exercise. This type of exercise strengthens your muscles over a full-range of motion. Weightlifting and calisthenics are examples of dynamic strength-training. This type of exercise uses resistance to work your muscles through a completed motion, such as performing a bench press, leg press or situp.", "Static Strength-training", "Static Strength-training (Image: BananaStock/BananaStock/Getty Images)", "Static strength-training is also considered an anaerobic exercise, and is also known as isometric exercise. This type of exercise helps you to maintain muscle strength and tone. Isometrics involve contracting a muscle without moving any joints. Isometric exercises come in two types: submaximal and maximal. Submaximal exercises involve contracting your muscles with less than your maximum strength, such as holding a dumbbell steady with your arm fully extended outward. Maximal exercises involve contracting your muscles with all your strength, such as pushing against an immovable object.", "Aerobic Training (Image: Stockbyte/Stockbyte/Getty Images)", "Aerobic training strengthens your cardiovascular system by increasing your heart rate and breathing. These exercises use large muscle groups to perform rhythmic actions for a sustained period of time. Typically, they are performed for longer than 15 minutes and should maintain your heart rate at between 60 percent to 80 percent of your maximum heart rate. Examples of aerobic exercise include fast walking, jogging, running, stair steppers, elliptical and swimming.", "Circuit Training (Image: Chris Clinton/Photodisc/Getty Images)", "Circuit training combines strength-training with aerobic exercise. This type of exercise involves jogging between exercise stations. At individual stations, you perform different flexibility, dynamic strength training and static strength training exercises. By jogging between the stations, you maintain an elevated heart rate throughout the duration of the circuit. Typically, you perform each station for 30 to 60 seconds and continue the overall circuit for 30 to 60 minutes. This is an effective option to break-up the monotony of your usual workout routine and can be performed indoors during poor weather. To save on space indoors, you can simply run in place for 30 to 60 seconds between exercises.", "Arthritis Foundation: Types of Exercise", "Sports Fitness Advisor: Circuit Training Section", "Physical Activity for Everyone: How Much Physical Activity Do Adults Need?", "Fitness; What Are Isometric Exercises, and Are They a Good Way to Build Strength?; Edward Laskowski", "Sports Fitness Advisor: Isometric Exercises & Static Strength Training", "Non-Equipment Fast Weight Loss Exercises", "A Warm-up for Circuit Training", "How Can Exercise Improve Your Muscular System?", "How to Lose Weight With 10 Minutes of Exercise a Day", "How Many Calories Are Burned in One Hour of Mixed Exercise?", "Exercise Contraindications in People With High Blood Pressure" ] } ], "selected_contents": [ [ false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ] ] }, "timestamp": 1616077566 }, { "action": "Apprentice => Wizard", "text": "oh no, I have not heard about it, do they have an app?", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077612 }, { "action": "Wizard => SearchAgent", "text": "does 5x5 workout have an app", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077698 }, { "action": "SearchAgent => Wizard", "text": "", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.t-nation.com/training/the-new-5x5", "title": "The New 5x5 T Nation", "content": [ "How to Make 5x5 Training Even Better", "Few programs are as mythical in the strength training world as the 5x5 system. It was the cornerstone of Reg Park s training (Arnold s idol), but it was first popularized by Bill Starr with his book, The Strongest Shall Survive.", "There are tons of variants. Heck, even Mark Rippetoe s Starting Strength is a lower-volume version of the 5x5 system.", "5x5: The Basics", "While there are several 5x5 set/rep systems, most true 5x5 systems originate from Bill Starr s approach. Here are the basics:", "3 big lifts per workout (squat, power clean, and bench press in the original plan)", "Training the same 3 big lifts 3 days a week", "One day is a heavy day (using 80-85% of your 1RM). The next training day is a light day that uses around 15-20% less weight than on the heavy day. The third training day is a moderate day where you use weights that are around 10% lighter than the heavy day.", "You typically add 1-2 minor assistance exercises to the workout for 1-3 sets of 10, e.g., back extensions.", "The system has a lot of things I like and some I don t. I love the frequency of the traditional approach (hitting the big lifts three days a week). I strongly believe in training the big lifts more often to gain strength as rapidly as possible. I also like the focus on the big basics as well as the low reps.", "Is 5x5 really the best way to get stronger? The short answer is no, because there s no such thing as a best program for strength.", "But let s examine the 5x5 approach and look at why it is indeed a very good program and what its limitations might be. Afterwards, I ll present a superior alternative.", "5x5 Under the Microscope", "Here s how the program stacks up to the various physiological elements that make a body stronger:", "1 \u2013 Muscle Fiber Recruitment", "Science tells us that the weight lifted needs to represent 80% of your maximum to recruit the greatest number of muscle fibers. Indeed, the heavy day of the 5x5 system has you using 80-85% of your 1RM on the bar.", "If we break down a heavy day set, it would look like the following chart. Bear in mind that fatigue saps you of between 2-4% of your strength on every rep. By rep number 5 your strength potential is lower than it was in the first repetition. Accordingly, the bar will be relatively heavier.", "Rep Weight on Bar Fatigue Relative Weight", "1 85% 0% 85%", "As you can see, you re above 80-85% in all the reps, so it s all good as far as muscle fiber recruitment.", "But what about the medium and light days? Let s say you start at 75% of your 1RM. This is what it looks like:", "Out of 5 reps, 3 of them achieve complete muscle fiber recruitment, so you re not looking as good as you did on the heavy day in terms of recruitment.", "Now take a look at the light days where you re using about 70% of your 1RM:", "In this case, only 1 or 2 reps achieve maximum fiber recruitment. It s not ideal, but it isn t a complete waste either. However, if you had chosen to go with 65% of your 1RM \u2013 which is still within the traditional 5x5 guidelines \u2013 then you d have done 0 reps with maximal recruitment.", "Now, it doesn t mean that the medium and light days do nothing for strength, but from a muscle fiber recruitment perspective, only the heavy day does a good job.", "2 \u2013 Muscle Mass", "Can you build muscle with sets of 5 reps? Absolutely. But you do need to push those sets fairly hard.", "If you look at the theory of maximally effective reps by Chris Beardsley, a maximally effective rep is a rep where there is full fiber recruitment, so you re imposing mechanical stress on the fast twitch fibers that have the greater growth potential.", "To stimulate maximum muscle mass, we need 15-25 maximally effective reps per muscle. Since 5x5 has us using only one exercise per muscle group, all those maximally effective reps per muscle have to come from one exercise.", "On the heavy 5x5 day, you re using 80-85% of your 1RM. This means all of your reps are maximally effective reps. That s 25 maximally effective reps and that translates to a great muscle-growth day.", "If we look at the moderate day in the table above, we see that we have 3 maximally effective reps per set. That gives us 15 maximally effective reps per exercise. We re still in the right zone, which means that this workout, too, will be effective at stimulating growth.", "As for the light day, it won t have much of an impact on muscle growth since we re only getting 5 maximally effective reps or less in that session.", "Regardless, the take-home message is that the traditional 5x5 system with a heavy/light/medium set-up will indeed build enough muscle to help us gain strength.", "3 \u2013 Muscle Fiber Firing Rate", "Firing rate increases when the relative load starts to exceed 80% of 1RM. The closer you get to 100%, the higher it is. And since having a high firing rate is a motor skill, the greater the amount of practice you get, the better you become.", "If you re efficient at creating a high firing rate, you ll become a lot stronger during maximum efforts. So, what we re looking for is a large proportion of reps that have a high firing rate. The higher the ratio of high firing rate to low/medium firing rate, the better you become at using that high firing rate during max efforts. This is the true secret to high levels of strength.", "On the heavy day of the 5x5 program, we have 4 out of 5 reps that have a high firing rate. That s 20 reps out of 25 for the workout, which is pretty darn good!", "As far as the moderate/medium days, only 5 out of 25 reps hit the target muscle fiber firing rate. That s better than nothing, but not enough to improve the nervous system capacity to program a high firing rate.", "On the light days, we come up empty handed. No reps hit the minimum threshold.", "When you consider the whole training week, only 25 out of 75 reps have a high firing rate. The program might cause some overall improvements in your ability to achieve higher fiber firing rates and get stronger, but it will be far from optimal.", "4 \u2013 Intra and Intermuscular Coordination", "This is one area where 5x5 is very effective. You re essentially doing the same three big lifts over and over, training them three days a week. This is a great way to improve performance via an increase in intra and intermuscular coordination. You ll also improve your technique.", "I m a huge believer in the frequency of practice when it comes to increasing performance on a lift. That s why in Olympic lifting they pretty much focus exclusively on the snatch, clean & jerk, and squat.", "Think about it. Let s say there was a contest \u2013 the person who increases his squat the most in 6 weeks wins ten million dollars. Would you really squat only once a week? Of course not. You d likely squat every damn day!", "There s no question that doing the same lift more often will boost your strength faster on that lift, even if the other elements aren t maximized.", "5 \u2013 Feeling Secure", "I m not only talking about being confident about a lift, but how secure your brain feels while doing a movement. This involves stability (bracing properly, stabilizing the joints, having good movement mechanics, being in control of the movement) and the desensitization of the Golgi tendon organs.", "These GTOs are mechanisms that protect you against yourself. When they sense that your muscles are producing too much force for their own good, they will inhibit further force production. In most people, the GTOs are extremely conservative, but the more heavy lifting you do, the more they become desensitized and allow you to use a greater percentage of your strength potential.", "Feeling secure would also include not being overwhelmed by a heavy load.", "Now, your technique will improve simply by practicing a lift three days a week, and you will naturally become more comfortable with the movements. However, the weights used in 5x5 aren t heavy enough to get you psychologically used to maximal loads, nor are they enough to greatly desensitize the GTOs \u2013 especially on the medium and light days.", "The 5x5 approach is pretty damn good for building strength. However, it might not necessarily translate to a proportional increase in 1RM strength.", "For example, if your 5RM strength increases by 20%, maybe your 1RM will increase only by 10%. Furthermore, the light days don t contribute much to strength improvement. They work for technique improvements, but they won t build muscle and they won t get you stronger. They re more for recovery and technique work.", "How to Make 5x5 Better", "The 5x5 system actually shares many similarities with how I train athletes. I have them hit the whole body three days a week with 3-4 lifts per workout. I use different sets/reps schemes, but the principles are similar.", "One other difference is that I focus on different types of contractions. On one day we emphasize the eccentric or negative (slow eccentrics for example) and on another we emphasize the isometric component (including pauses during the movement). The other session consists of regular lifting.", "You could easily use that approach with the 5x5 system. You d use a slow eccentric on the moderate days and use pauses during lifts on light days. This allows you to get a stronger training effect, even with the lighter loads.", "That s because the motor pattern is different during an eccentric and isometric action. For example, in an eccentric action you preferentially recruit the fast-twitch fibers. On top of that, the main way of increasing strength during the eccentric is by increasing firing rate. So, with slow eccentrics, as you re getting fatigued, the firing rate will increase even if the load doesn t exceed 85% of what you can lift at that moment.", "Furthermore, emphasizing the eccentric can thicken the tendons and the part of the muscle fibers closer to the tendon. This will make the body feel more secure about lifting heavy weights.", "Lastly, a slow eccentric works well in developing technique, and the better your technique, the more you ll be able to apply your strength.", "Below is an example of one of the bobsled athletes I work with doing slow eccentrics (8 seconds down) with 200kg (440 pounds):", "And next is a video of a pro beach volleyball player doing a set of 6 reps with 225 pounds and a 5-6 second eccentric:", "As far as isometric pauses, they allow you to improve technique and rigidity/stability. In an isometric action, you have a much greater activation of the synergists and antagonist muscles than you do in an eccentric or concentric action. This will develop the capacity to be stable and solid under load. You ll also force your muscles to work together to perform optimally.", "Here s another client doing three 2-second pauses during a squat (sometimes we use one longer, 5-second pause at the mid-range):", "5x5: Improved!", "Day 1 \u2013 Heavy", "Load:\u200280-85% of 1RM", "Sets:\u20025", "Reps per set:\u20025", "Tempo:\u2002Normal (2 seconds down, 1 second up)", "Rest:\u20023-4 minutes", "Day 2 \u2013 Light", "Tempo:\u2002Either two 3-second pauses during the eccentric or one 5-second pause at mid-range", "Day 2 \u2013 Medium", "Tempo:\u20025 second eccentric", "You could successfully use this for 6 weeks, but if your goal is to develop maximal strength, you d need to approach it differently. Do a 3-4 week phase that includes lifting in the 90% zone. A week of this approach would look like this:", "Reps per set:\u20021 x 5, 1 x 4, 1 x 3, 1 x 2, 1x 1", "Tempo:\u20025 seconds eccentric (5010)", "The 5x5 loading scheme has stood the test of time, which means it works as advertised. However, that doesn t mean it s perfect and can t be improved upon.", "Look at any program objectively. Being attracted by the hype and aura of a program can be a good thing as it will get you excited. That will help you train harder. However, it will also prevent you from understanding why something works (or doesn t) and how it can be made even better.", "Related:\u20025 Best Loading Schemes for Size & Strength", "Related:\u2002The Best Rep Scheme for Greater Gains" ] }, { "url": "https://www.menshealth.com/uk/building-muscle/a757350/why-5x5-is-the-ultimate-way-to-build-lean-muscle/", "title": "Why 5x5 is the Ultimate Way to Build Lean Muscle", "content": [ "Why 5x5 is the Ultimate Way to Build Lean Muscle", "Expect chalk, sweat and tears in PT Callum Melly s less is more\u2019 strength plan", "Dust off your lifting straps, leave your ego at the door and make your home in the squat rack. Welcome to 5x5 training.", "Nothing has further highlighted to me the importance of rest, recovery and nutrition than 5x5 training; three days a week that will build your body brick by brick, burn fat and develop lean muscle, power and strength. The principles are simple and have to be respected; five sets of five reps for three compound movements, three times per week.", "Now, I know what you\u2019re thinking. You only train 3 times per week, so what do you do on the other four days? Simple. You rest.", "Ever heard the saying less is more? Well, this is where that applies. Compound exercises are both multi-muscle and multi-joint movements that are extremely taxing on the body and central nervous system, especially when performing fewer reps with a heavier load. Therefore, you have to give your body enough time to recover for at least one day between workouts. Otherwise, you will limit your ability to gain strength and build dense lean muscle.", "(Related: How to master the squat)", "There is a method to the madness. Ultimately, you will find yourself eating more, training less, getting stronger, bigger and leaner. Not bad for three days of hardcore workouts a week, right?", "OK, so now that I have exposed you to training method of the Incredible Hulk himself, I suppose I d better enlighten you as to how it works. Let s say our training days are Monday, Wednesday and Friday. You will follow two workouts in the form of A & B.", "Barbell Squats 5x5", "Barbell Row 5x5", "Barbell Overhead Press 5x5", "Deadlifts 1x5", "So your week would look like this:", "Monday - A", "Wednesday - B", "Friday - A", "You begin with 50% of your maximum weight for five sets of five reps. For example, I can squat 110kg for five sets, so my starting weight would be 55kg.", "I\u2019m hoping by now you have recovered from the shock of squatting three times per week and the 50% starting weight has restored your confidence, but that weight will soon build and before you know it you will be repping two-to-three plates a side for five sets of five reps. Each workout you increase the working weight by 2.5kg, a total of 7.5kg per week, 7.5kg x 12 = 90kg, so in 12 weeks time I should, by rights, be able to squat 145kg for five sets of five reps.", "(Related: Men s Health s hardest ever workouts)", "This 2.5kg incremental weekly progression will apply to each compound movement, except for deadlifts, where you will only perform one set of five reps on workout B and increase your weight by 5kg per week. Why only one set, I hear you ask? Because squats and deadlifts use a similar set of muscles, and to perform both exercises at maximum effort when you reach weeks 8-12 would burn you out. This isn\u2019t a sprint, it\u2019s a marathon, it\u2019s about training smart and eating and resting smarter.", "During weeks 1-6 when the weight is lighter and you\u2019re thinking \u201cI could have done more\u201d, you can add in three assisting exercises for 3 sets of 8-10 reps. However, they must be either bodyweight or a compound barbell movement. For example, for workout A you might want to add bodyweight dips, close grip chest press and skull crushers and for workout B you could add chin-ups, calf raises and pull-ups.", "As soon as your prioritized compound exercises become a struggle, drop the assistance exercises like a bad habit and save all your available energy for your weight increase at each workout. Trust me, you will need it!", "In terms of rest, for the lighter weights you can take as little as 90 seconds rest, but as soon as that weight becomes a burden upon your shoulders, take 3-5 minutes\u2019 recovery between each set. This is important as your CP (creatine phosphate) and central nervous system requires a longer rest period to recover. And on that note, I personally like to take 5g of Myprotein creapure creatine monohydrate, both pre and post workout, to maximize my working capacity at this demanding intensity.", "Now when it comes to nutrition, you need to both fuel and nourish your body with an adequate amount of calories and quality macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates and fats) to maximize your performance and recovery. I personally like to increase my maintenance calorie intake based on my TDEE (total daily energy expenditure) by 10% in weeks 1-4, 15% in weeks 5-8 and by 20% in weeks 9-12.", "This calorie increase is based on the higher demand of energy required as you progress through the programme; it also ensures I don\u2019t go into a dramatic 20% surplus when I begin. That will likely cause me to gain unnecessary body-fat.", "When push comes to shove, you need to listen to your body, if you\u2019re hungry then eat, but just be smart with what you\u2019re shoveling into your mouth.", "I tend to break my calorie intake into a 40 / 40 / 20 split, with 40% total calories coming from protein, 40% total calories coming from carbohydrates and 20% total calories coming from fats. Remember, both protein and carbohydrates equate to 4 calories per gram, whereas fats are 9 calories per gram, so in terms of the energy we receive from fats in comparison to protein and carbohydrates, a 40P / 40C / 20F split, is actually very balanced. Your 40% protein intake will also ensure you are consuming approx. 1.5-2g of protein per lb of body mass, which is ideal for promoting lean muscle growth, repair and recovery.", "(Related: Top tips for every muscle-building diet plan)", "Carbohydrates are essential for both maximizing our performance and replenishing muscle glycogen post-workout. I tend to stick to low GI starchy carbohydrates such as oats, sweet potato and whole grains, combined with fibrous carbohydrates such as green leafy vegetables throughout the day to ensure my blood sugar levels remain stable and I feel fuller for longer.", "I only tend to consume high GI carbohydrates first thing in the morning for some wake up energy and then post-workout when an insulin spike is beneficial to drive both proteins and glucose into the muscles to replenish muscle glycogen and start the repair process.", "Fats are also essential for nourishing your body and I try to get a variety of healthy fats into my diet which include avocado, nuts, eggs and oily fish. I aim for three whole eggs a day. Rich in vitamin D, omega 3 fatty acids, selenium and protein, eggs are a highly nutritious whole food that I believe should be a staple part of your daily diet.", "Last but not least is sleep, remember, we grow outside of the gym, not whilst we are beating ourselves to a pulp under the bar. You want to aim for 7-9 hours of deep sleep each night which is when natural human growth hormone levels are secreted at optimal levels, similar to the high levels secreted during intense exercise. I would also consume a slow digesting source of protein pre-bed such as greek yoghurt or micellar casein to drip feed your muscles with a steady supply of protein synthesis promoting amino acids.", "So there we have it, the 12-week workout that allows you to eat more, train less and yet burn fat, build strong dense muscle and help you break plateaus and beat PB\u2019s.", "By: Callum Melly", "The Simplest Way to Build More Muscle", "The ultimate Muscle-building trisets workout", "How to improve three ultimate muscle-building exercises", "A better way to build a bigger chest", "The new way to get lean" ] }, { "url": "https://muscleevo.net/stronglifts-5x5-workout/", "title": "The StrongLifts 5x5 Workout Why There Are Better Ways to", "content": [ "Custom Program Design", "The StrongLifts 5\u00d75 Workout: Why There Are Better Ways to Build Muscle", "Google around for information on the 5\u00d75 workout, and you\u2019ll find plenty of different opinions about whether or not it\u2019s a good way to put on muscle mass.", "Some say that 5\u00d75 is mainly for strength, and that you need higher reps in the 6-12 range to build size.", "Others say that if you\u2019re on a 5\u00d75 routine, gaining strength and eating enough, then mass gains are sure to follow.", "Who\u2019s right? Is the 5\u00d75 workout a good way to put on muscle mass? Or should you be using higher reps and lighter weights?", "What is the 5\u00d75 Workout?", "The 5\u00d75 workout is very simple: five sets of five reps for no more than a handful of compound movements, three times per week.", "Although there are numerous variations of the program, one of the most popular is StrongLifts 5\u00d75.", "With the StrongLifts 5\u00d75 workout, you perform just five compound exercises each week: the deadlift, squat, bench press, overhead press, and barbell row. There are two different workouts alternated throughout the week.", "In workout A, you do the squat, bench press, and barbell row. The lifts in workout B are the squat, overhead press, and deadlift.", "Workout A: Squat, Bench Press, Barbell Row", "Workout B: Squat, Overhead Press, Deadlift", "For each exercise, you do 5 sets of 5 reps. The exception is the deadlift, which you do for 1 set of 5 reps. You take a day of rest between each training day.", "Week one looks like this:", "Monday: Workout A", "Squat 5\u00d75", "Wednesday: Workout B", "Overhead Press 5\u00d75", "Friday: Workout A", "Week two starts with workout B, and looks like this:", "Monday: Workout B", "Wednesday: Workout A", "Friday: Workout B", "If you\u2019re able to do five reps on each set, you add weight to the exercise \u2013 usually around 2.5 kilograms, or 5 pounds \u2013 in the next workout. Your goal is to keep on adding weight to each exercise for as long as you can.", "Here are some videos of Mehdi, the guy behind StrongLifts, doing both workouts.", "StrongLifts 5\u00d75 Workout A", "StrongLifts 5\u00d75 Workout B", "Does 5\u00d75 Build Muscle?", "The 5\u00d75 workout is one of the most popular and effective programs out there for building strength. It\u2019s very simple to follow and requires little in the way of equipment.", "5\u00d75 has also stood the test of time. Although guys like Bill Starr and Reg Park seem to get much of the credit for coming up with the idea, Mark Berry (who was a champion weightlifter) was writing about it back in the 1930s.", "Everything is laid out for you, so there\u2019s very little to think about. You just go to the gym three times a week, stick to the plan, and focus on training as hard as possible.", "But, is 5\u00d75 a good way to put on muscle mass?", "Read on, and I\u2019ll cover the pros and cons of the 5\u00d75 workout, show you what the science has to say on the subject, as well as explaining why \u2013 contrary to popular belief \u2013 Arnold Schwarzenegger probably didn\u2019t use a 5\u00d75 program when he was a beginner.", "Training Frequency", "One of the main benefits of the 5\u00d75 program is that you\u2019re working the major muscle groups 2-3 times each week.", "Squats are done three times a week. The bench press, overhead press, row and deadlift are performed twice every seven days.", "In other words, you\u2019re hitting the legs three times a week. The chest, back and shoulders are worked twice a week.", "While a lot of bodybuilders like to train each muscle group once a week, there\u2019s a growing body of research to show that more frequent training will help you put on muscle more quickly.", "In fact, working a muscle more frequently has been shown in several studies to increase the speed at which that muscle grows.", "In one trial, subjects using a full-body routine, where each muscle is trained three times a week, grew faster than subjects on a split routine, where each muscle is trained once a week [1].", "And this isn\u2019t a lone piece of research that contradicts a sea of existing data on the subject. In fact, most research out there shows that the major muscles should be trained at least twice a week in order to maximize growth [2].", "SEE ALSO: The Muscle Building Cheat Sheet. This is a \u201cno waffle\u201d PDF, written in plain English, that shows you exactly how to go about building muscle. To get a copy of the cheat sheet emailed to you, please click or tap here.", "The 5\u00d75 program ensures you\u2019re hitting the major muscle groups 2-3 times every seven days, which \u2013 in most cases at least \u2013 is a better option than working those same muscle groups just once a week.", "Training Volume", "One argument that goes back and forth in the fitness industry centers on the number of sets you need to do for each muscle group.", "Some say that one set to failure is the fastest, most effective way to put on muscle. Anything more is overtraining, and you might as well just not bother.", "However, most research shows there is a \u201cdose-response\u201d relationship between the number of sets you do for a muscle and the speed at which that muscle grows [3].", "In other words, the more sets you do \u2013 up to a point at least \u2013 the faster your muscles will grow.", "A typical 5\u00d75 program will include 15 work sets every seven days for the legs (17 if you include deadlifts), 10 for the shoulders, 10 for the chest and 10 for the upper back, which certainly ticks the \u201csufficient volume for muscle growth\u201d box.", "Some say that the 5\u00d75 workout is mainly for strength, and that you need to do higher reps in the 6-12 range if you want to put on muscle.", "However, lower reps and heavier weights are a perfectly good way to gain muscle mass. In some cases, they\u2019ve been shown to work just as well as higher reps and lighter weights.", "A good example comes from a University of Central Florida study, where researchers put a group of 33 resistance-trained men through eight weeks of strength training [4].", "The subjects were divided into two groups:", "Group one did four sets of 10-12 reps. They also took around 60 seconds of rest between each set.", "Group two did the same exercises. They also did the same number of sets. But, they used a much heavier weight that limited them to 3-5 reps, taking around 3 minutes of rest between sets.", "None of the differences in body composition between the groups were statistically different.", "However, the researchers did find a clear trend towards greater gains in the group lifting heavier weights.", "In other words, the men training in the 3-5 rep range were the ones that put on the most muscle.", "This doesn\u2019t mean you should drop everything and immediately start doing sets of 3-5 reps all the time.", "One study is never the be-all-end-all when it comes to deciding how to train, and this is far from being the last word on rep ranges and muscle growth.", "However, the findings do show that heavy weights and lower reps in the 3-5 range can be used to put on muscle.", "Sets of Five", "There are lots of good things to be said about sets of five.", "For one, you\u2019re using a weight that\u2019s around 85% of your maximum. That\u2019s heavy enough to recruit large numbers of muscle fibers.", "Compared to higher reps, fatigue is minimal, so exercise technique is less likely to go down the pan. And, you still get enough volume to stimulate growth.", "However, there\u2019s some interesting research out there to show that varying the number of reps you do can speed up your rate of muscle growth.", "In one study, subjects lifted weights three times a week using either a constant or varied training program [5].", "The constant group kept their training program the same, doing 8-12 reps on every set. The varied group changed both the weight and the number of reps, switching from heavy (2-4 reps) to medium (8-12 reps) to light (20-30 reps) on days one, two and three, respectively.", "Statistically speaking, there was no significant difference in the rate of muscle growth between the two groups.", "But the effect size (which refers to the size of the difference between groups) did favor the varied protocol.", "The differences between the groups weren\u2019t dramatic \u2013 a centimeter or so here and a few millimeters there. But, this study lasted just eight weeks. Over months and years, those small differences will add up.", "Researchers have also found that the addition of a back-off set to a program that involved 5 sets of 3-5 reps led to faster gains in muscle size and strength [6].", "One group of subjects performed two leg exercises for 5 sets of 3-5 repetitions. A second group did the same thing, but added a back-off set (25-35 repetitions with a lighter weight) 30 seconds later.", "Over the course of four weeks, the guys using the back-off set gained more muscle mass and got stronger faster than subjects doing only 5 sets of 3-5 reps.", "This kind of \u201ccombination training\u201d is nothing new. In fact, it was very popular with some of the top bodybuilders in the 1950\u2019s, such as Bill Pearl and Reg Park.", "In his book The Wild Physique, Vince Gironda points out that Pearl and Park used to mix up their training, using both heavy and light weights.", "\u201cI remember studying Reg Park\u2019s physique when he was power training,\u201d writes Gironda.", "\u201cHe was doing 5 sets of 5 reps. His physique looked thick. Obviously, he had maximized his muscle fiber size.\u201d", "\u201cPark then went to South Africa and followed a system of 10-rep exercises. The appearance of his muscle changed because the capillary count looked higher, but the thickness appeared to suffer fractionally.\u201d", "\u201cA few years later, Park mixed up his training and his physique reached its ultimate potential. He had both cross-sectional thickness and muscle height. He looked superb.\u201d", "According to Gironda, both Pearl and Park would perform 3-4 sets with a heavy weight and low reps, and then finish off with 2-3 sets of higher reps with a lighter weight.", "If you want to put on muscle as fast as possible, it\u2019s my view that a variety of rep ranges and weights works better than doing 5 sets of 5 all the time.", "Limited Exercise Menu", "Most 5\u00d75 workouts involve a handful of compound exercises, such as the squat, deadlift, bench press and so on.", "These exercises do work large numbers of muscles, making them a very efficient use of your training time, and I like them a lot.", "However, maximizing the development of a muscle requires the use of several exercises, rather than just one.", "This ensures that all available fibers in a given muscle get a piece of the action, leading to more complete development of a muscle group.", "There was a study published in the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research that compared a knee-dominant exercise (the lying leg curl) with a hip-dominant exercise (the stiff-legged deadlift) [7].", "The lying leg curl led to greater muscle activation in certain parts of the hamstrings \u2013 the lower lateral and lower medial hamstrings in particular \u2013 compared to the stiff-legged deadlift.", "Here\u2019s how study author Brad Schoenfeld describes the results:", "\u201cActivation of the upper hamstrings was similar between exercises. Interestingly, however, activation of the lower hamstrings, both medially and laterally, was significantly greater in the lying leg curl.", "\u201cThe differences in activation of the lower hamstrings was stark, with the leg curl showing greater lower lateral hamstrings activity of approximately 170% and lower medial hamstrings activity of approximately 65% compared to the stiff-legged deadlift.\u201d", "What\u2019s more, a training program that involved several exercises for the quads \u2013 the leg press, squat and lunge \u2013 led to muscle growth in all heads of the quadriceps, while a squat-only program did not [11].", "You can\u2019t completely isolate one area of a muscle relative to another. And the potential shape and size of each muscle is determined ultimately by the genetic blueprint you were handed at birth.", "However, you can make the most of that potential by using different exercises to emphasize different sections of a muscle.", "Stronger Doesn\u2019t Always Mean Bigger", "Although Mark Berry was using something resembling a 5\u00d75 workout in the 1930\u2019s, Bill Starr \u2013 author of the 1976 book The Strongest Shall Survive: Strength Training for Football \u2013 seems to get much of the credit for coming up with the idea.", "As the title of Starr\u2019s book suggests, the 5\u00d75 workout was designed mainly for building strength.", "It\u2019s true that size and strength are linked\u2026 up to a point anyway.", "But there are multiple ways in which you can gain strength without a corresponding increase in muscle size.", "Stronger does not always mean bigger, and bigger does not always mean stronger. The fact that a training routine makes you stronger doesn\u2019t necessarily make it a good way to put on muscle mass.", "Over the years, I\u2019ve seen plenty of guys who can lift a lot of weight, but they\u2019re not particularly muscular.", "Getting very strong in the various compound lifts doesn\u2019t automatically translate into bigger muscles as is often claimed.", "I should also point out that there\u2019s nothing \u201cmagical\u201d about 5 sets of 5 repetitions (as opposed to, say, 4 sets of 6 repetitions or 6 sets of 4 repetitions).", "Starr only picked that configuration of sets and reps because \u201cit was easy to remember.\u201d", "Here\u2019s what he had to say on the subject in his book:", "\u201cOnce I had sorted out the specific exercises that would do the job most effectively, my next task was to assemble them into a working order. It was back to the research library to see what pure scientists had uncovered on the subject.\u201d", "\u201cSurprisingly enough, the research was rather easy to come by and the conclusions were almost universally alike concerning the acquisition of strength.\u201d", "\u201cThe researchers found that 4-6 repetitions of 4-6 sets, increasing the weight on each successive set, produced the most significant increase in strength. Terrific. I simplified the formula to five sets of five reps as that was the exact median and it was easy to remember.\u201d", "Compound Lifts and Testosterone", "A common argument in favor of the 5\u00d75 workout is that compound exercises create a more anabolic environment in the body, speeding up muscle growth by \u201cincreasing the release of muscle building hormones like testosterone and growth hormone.\u201d", "This, for the most part at least, is a myth.", "Exercises like squats and deadlifts do lead to a small temporary increase in testosterone and growth hormone. But the size and duration of this increase isn\u2019t sufficient to have much of an impact on muscle growth.", "The fact that a given workout increases levels of various anabolic hormones doesn\u2019t automatically make it a good way to put on muscle.", "In one study on the subject, researchers analyzed data collected from 56 men who took part in a 12-week resistance training program [8].", "If the post-exercise change in testosterone levels was important as far as building muscle is concerned, you\u2019d expect to see two things.", "Guys with the largest testosterone response after training would put on the most muscle. And those with the smallest response would build the least muscle.", "But when they looked at the data, the researchers could find no significant link between the exercise-induced rise in testosterone levels and gains in muscular size or strength.", "Other studies report similar findings, noting that gains in strength and size \u201cdid not appear to be influenced\u201d by the short-term hormonal response to exercise [9, 10].", "Did Arnold Use a 5\u00d75 Workout?", "One of the selling points of the 5\u00d75 workout is that Arnold Schwarzenegger used it when he was starting out.", "Some claim that it\u2019s \u201cwell documented that Arnold Schwarzenegger built his foundation\u201d using a routine that\u2019s \u201calmost identical\u201d to Starting Strength (another very popular 5\u00d75 workout).", "It is indeed well documented that the Austrian Oak used a routine that\u2019s almost identical to Starting Strength.", "But only if your definition of \u201cwell documented\u201d includes somebody saying so on the Internet.", "If Arnold did use a 5\u00d75 workout, or recommends it to beginners, he doesn\u2019t mention it in his Encyclopedia of Modern Bodybuilding or Arnold: Education of a Bodybuilder, both of which I\u2019ve read from cover to cover.", "Arnold didn\u2019t write the books himself, but had help from his ghostwriter Bill Dobbins.", "However, I\u2019m going to assume that he gave the thumbs up to everything that was in there, and that the contents are an accurate reflection of his views at the time the books were written.", "First, nowhere in either book does he lay out \u2013 exercise by exercise, set by set and rep by rep \u2013 exactly what program he used when he first started training.", "What\u2019s more, if he believed that the 5\u00d75 workout was such a good way to put on muscle, you\u2019d expect him to recommend it to everyone who sets foot in the gym for the first time.", "In Arnold: Education of a Bodybuilder, he says that beginners should start out with a bodyweight program consisting of high-rep sets of squats, push-ups, chins, rows, sit-ups, bent-leg raises, bent-over twists and calf raises.", "\u201cYou should lay a foundation by stimulating the muscles, tuning the whole body in to resistance training using your own body weight,\u201d he writes.", "\u201cAnd after you\u2019ve accomplished that and feel good about it \u2013 which should take from two to six months, depending on your initial condition and your rate of progress \u2013 you can safely go into weight training in the gym.\u201d", "Arnold\u2019s love for 5\u00d75 is also conspicuous by its absence in his Encyclopedia of Modern Bodybuilding. Here\u2019s what he had to say on the subject on page 149 of the 1992 edition:", "\u201cThe first task facing the beginning bodybuilder is to build up a solid foundation of muscle mass \u2013 genuine muscular weight, not bulky fat. Later, you will try to shape this muscle into a balanced, quality physique.", "\u201cYou do this by basic, hard training using heavy weights \u2013 grinding it out week after week until your body begins to respond. And what I mean by \u2018basic training\u2019 is not just a few exercises like bench presses, bent-over rows, and squats, but thirty to forty exercises all designed to stimulate and develop the major muscle groups of the body.\u201d", "In other words, Schwarzenegger says that anyone wanting to put on muscle should do a lot more than the small number of compound lifts found in most 5\u00d75 programs.", "On a Reddit Ask Me Anything, Schwarzenegger was asked his opinion of the 5\u00d75 workout.", "\u201cYou probably won\u2019t like this\u2026 When I was gaining strength, I liked to warm up with 10,8,6,4 and then stay at 2 reps for five sets, and then back to 4, then 6, and then use the stripping method and just drop plates and keep doing 4 reps until I couldn\u2019t.\u201d", "There is no evidence to be found in Arnold\u2019s Encyclopedia of Modern Bodybuilding or Arnold: Education of a Bodybuilder that he ever used a 5\u00d75 routine, or that he recommends the program to beginners.", "In fact, not one of the beginner exercise programs in either book involves doing ANY exercise for 5 sets of 5 reps.", "If you\u2019re looking for a way to put on muscle mass, the 5\u00d75 program is a decent place to start. It\u2019s relatively simple to follow, requires little in the way of equipment, and much of the \u201cthinking\u201d is done for you.", "However, the 5\u00d75 workout does have its weaknesses, most notably the limited menu of exercises and fixed number of reps per set. If building bigger muscles is your main goal, there are better options out there.", "SEE ALSO: THE MUSCLE BUILDING CHEAT SHEET", "If you re fed up spending hours in the gym with nothing to show for it, then check out The Muscle Building Cheat Sheet.", "It s a cut the waffle and just tell me what to do\u201d PDF that tells you exactly how to go about building muscle. To get a copy of the cheat sheet sent to you, please click or tap here to enter your email address.", "Filed Under: Build Muscle Tagged With: 5x5 workout" ] }, { "url": "https://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/wotw56.htm", "title": "What Is The Best 5x5 Workout That Will Produce Amazing", "content": [ "What Is The Best 5x5 Workout That Will Produce Amazing Muscle Gain?", "What is the best 5x5 workout that will produce amazing muscle gain? Our forum members share their take on the program, sample workouts, who would benefit or not, and more! Try the program and see if it works for you!", "TOPIC: What Is The Best 5x5 Workout That Will Produce Amazing Muscle Gain?", "Training does not have to be as complicated as they might look in the magazines and might even be inappropriate depending on what level you are at. Standard training programs that have been tried and tested over the years are hard to beat. The 5x5 program is one that has been tested and proven successful.", "What is the best 5x5 workout? Be specific. Include frequency, sets, reps, rest between sets, etc.", "Who would benefit from such a workout? Who would not?", "What method(s) can be applied to the 5x5 that would be more appropriate for more advanced trainers?", "How much cardio if any would be beneficial for this type of workout?", "Show off your knowledge to the world!", "haiz69 View Profile", "New Prizes:", "1st place - $75 in store credit.", "2nd place - $50 in store credit.", "1st Place - BurningHeart", "With all of the different exercises, weights, sets, reps, rest and routine splits you almost need a photographic memory or logbook to know how your workout for the day should go.", "Is your day too busy to have to deal with such a complicating workout program? Or are you an experienced weightlifter looking for a different routine to prevent muscle adaptation? Maybe you are a beginner looking for a way to breakthrough into the weightlifting scene. Whoever you are, the 5x5 method is a great routine to use and switch-up your workouts.", "In this article I ll go over a basic 5x5 routine along with condiments that can be added to the routine for advanced weightlifters. Also discussed will be the question of cardio and the benefits of the 5x5 routine.", "Whether you are satisfied with your current routine or not, learning the 5x5 method will prove useful in the future when it s time to switch workout programs. So here it is, the 5x5 method explained in depth.", "To begin with, the principal of 5x5 is obvious, five reps each set for five sets. As for the exercises done, the 5x5 method recommends working each body part at least twice a week. This means compound exercises should be mostly used with a few isolation exercises included to fill in any gaps.", "So in order to create an efficient 5x5 program, you want to use compound exercises as much as possible with isolations to only hit muscles that aren t fully worked with compound exercises.", "Once you scan Bodybuilding.com s muscle and exercise database and put an efficient combination of exercises into a program, the end result looks like this.", "5x5 Weightlifting Program: 12 Weeks", "Dumbbell Calf Raises", "Reverse Smith Machine Raises", "Lateral Dumbbell Raises", "Rear-Delt Row", "Weighted Chest Dip", "Front Delt Raise", "Lateral Dumbbell Raise", "Stiff-Legged Deadlifts", "Sets/Reps: 5 Reps, 5 Sets", "Rest: ~ 90 seconds between sets.", "~ 3 minutes between exercises.", "As you can see from the above workout, every muscle is worked in an equal fashion. Isolation exercises are kept to only filling in gaps that compound exercises miss.", "Here are some tips that may prove useful when using the 5x5 routine:", "Warm-up exercises may be done and are recommended because of the heavy weight this routine will have you lifting. Lifting weight with warmed up muscles will allow you to lift more weight than you would with cold muscles. To warm-up your muscles, simply do a set with about half of the weight that you will do for the normal set.", "For instance if it s time to incline bench press and you will use 200 pounds for the normal set, add a 45-pound plate on each side and do a warm-up set. If you are about to do weighted pull-ups, to warm-up you could do a set of pull-ups with only bodyweight.", "Adding Weight:", "The key point to this workout is remembering to increase the weight used every week. Since the number of reps and sets don t change, every week you should add at least 5 total pounds (2.5-pound plate on each side) for each exercise. That is how you make progress, by forcing yourself to add weight each time in the gym.", "You ll notice a couple of weeks after forcing to add the 5 extra pounds that the previous weight will seem like baby-weight.", "Add At Least 5 Pounds For Each Exercise Every Week.", "Switching Exercises:", "These exercises are not set in stone, other exercises can be substituted in if need be. Three reasons you might want to substitute different exercises in are: because you don t have access to certain equipment, some exercises may be too difficult at the moment (weighted pull-ups), or you just completed a routine that included some of these exercises and want a change of pace.", "Whatever your reason is for substituting an exercise in, you can find a list of exercises for each body part at this link.", "Diet & Rest:", "Depending on your goals, the proper diet will vary. There are various articles on Bodybuilding.com describing how to correctly diet.", "The benefits of 5x5 training vary, so the people that would benefit from 5x5 vary. A 5x5 program is a simple routine that is aimed for building functional strength. Thus a great and probably the best benefactor of 5x5 training would be a beginner.", "Beginners start off weak and should be focused on increasing their strength first of all, something that 5x5 does best. Add in the fact that the routine is simple and it makes it all the more attractive to a beginner.", "However a beginner isn t the only person who would benefit. Seasoned lifters will find success in this program because of the ability to switch their routine up.", "It is common knowledge that muscles strive to adapt to the environment, and is the reason they grow when worked out. It is also known that doing the same routine for a long time will accustom your muscles to the exercises, decreasing their growth. This means an experienced lifter can have a welcomed change in routine by switching to 5x5. It is even a greater benefit when used during the bulking months, where more muscle outweighs a leaner body.", "The people who would not benefit the most are those that are in a cutting phase. While muscle size and strength would still be gained when doing 5x5, it is not the optimal routine because the low reps focus solely on strength.", "Usually a bodybuilder in the cutting stage is looking for a more defined physique, something that is achieved with moderate reps and moderate weight due to the increased blood flow to the muscles.", "Someone else that wouldn t greatly benefit is a casual lifter. Casual lifters are usually looking to improve their body image and do not keep up with the latest research on bodybuilding. Thus using the heavy weight required with 5x5 could bring injury upon the lifter if done with improper form.", "A casual lifter may watch the movie Rocky and go to the gym that day looking to do heavy behind the neck presses without the knowledge that they can be detrimental to your shoulders.", "The 5x5 program does not have to be simple and concrete; some bodybuilders rather customize their workouts to match their goals. One method that can be applied is called Cluster training.", "Cluster Training:", "The idea behind cluster training is simple, and can be a great tool for breaking out of a plateau. All you do is take ~90% of your 1-rep max and do a rep followed by 10 seconds of rest, do that until you ve completed your 5 reps.", "So for example if you were doing bicep curls with 135 pounds, just take 90% of that (~120 pounds) and do 5 reps in cluster fashion.", "I wouldn t solely rely on cluster training, however I d recommend it one week out of every four or so. It s just a way to switch up your training and possibly increasing your strength more so than a normal set would.", "One Day, Full Body:", "If you are naturally gifted with a high recovery rate and want a change of routine, you may want to switch to a full body program. This is where you work your entire body in one day, three times a week (ex. Mon, Wed, Fri).", "When doing this it s important to remember workouts should still be kept to no more than an hour apiece. This means you ll have to cut out more isolation work and incorporate more compound exercises each day.", "An advantage to doing a one day, full-body routine is that you are able to work each muscle three times a week, as opposed to twice a week. It also has a disadvantage though, like I mentioned you will have to cut out isolation work and do more compound exercises. This could work your muscles less since you won t be hitting them directly. It s all about knowing your body and what works best for it.", "Unless you are in a cutting phase, which I don t think is optimal for 5x5 training anyway, then cardio should be kept to a minimum. The only reason I d recommend a day of cardio a week is to keep your endurance up. Otherwise cardio just burns a large amount of calories, hindering your bulking goals.", "If you do decide to do cardio on a bulking diet, remember to eat enough calories to compensate for the calories that will be burnt during cardio. Carbohydrates are most recommended to be consumed before cardio, to give your body something to use for energy as opposed to using muscle.", "A basic cardio workout would be a 20-minute run, punching bag or stationary bike ... Anything that will raise your heart rate for a long duration, increasing your endurance.", "To conclude, 5x5 training is a welcome change from the standard workout program. Beginners and experienced lifters alike should try it; remember stronger muscles equal more size gains in the long run.", "You may currently be in a routine that includes bodyweight dips for 12 reps. As of now you can only do 12 reps, however I can guarantee you after doing an extreme functional strength program such as 5x5, 12 bodyweight dips will seem like nothing.", "It is easy to get comfortable in a routine and never break away from it. Remember that once you get comfortable in a routine, your muscles also get comfortable, and comfortable muscles don t like to grow. So I d highly recommend giving 5x5 a try, freshen up and simplify your workouts!", "2nd Place - haiz69", "The Best 5X5 Program - Madcow s Intermediate", "Madcow s version of the 5X5 is without a doubt, the best 5X5 protocol to date. What makes Madcow s version so great, is weekly progression in weight that is built into the program.", "The program is based off of taking your current 5-rep maxes in your compound exercises, lowering the weight and building back up to them in a timeframe of 2-4 weeks. Also, the focus upon the major compound lifts makes Madcow s version tough to beat.", "The Training - 3X A Week:", "Squat: 5X5 - Ramping up the weight to a top set of 5 - Equal to Friday s Heavy Triple", "Bench: 5X5 - Ramping up the weight to a top set of 5 - Equal to Friday s Heavy Triple", "Barbell Row: 5X5 - Ramping up the weight to a top set of 5 - Equal to Friday s Heavy Triple", "Squat: 4X5 - First 3 sets the same as Monday, and the 4th set is the same as the 3rd.", "Military Press: 5X5 - Ramping up the weight to a top set of 5", "Deadlift: 5X5 - Ramping up the weight to a top set of 5", "Click Here For A Printable Log Of Wednesday.", "Squat: 4x5, 1x3, 1x8 - The first 4 sets are the same as Monday. The 5th set - Heavy Triple is 2.5% more than Monday s final set of five. The 6th set uses the weight from the 3rd set for 8 reps.", "Bench: 4x5, 1x3, 1x8 - The first 4 sets are the same as Monday. The 5th set - Heavy Triple is 2.5% more than Monday s final set of five. The 6th set uses the weight from the 3rd set for 8 reps.", "Barbell Row: 4x5, 1x3, 1x8 - The first 4 sets are the same as Monday. The 5th set - Heavy Triple is 2.5% more than Monday s final set of five. The 6th set uses the weight from the 3rd set for 8 reps.", "Explain The Progression Please!", "OK, as we can see, the exercise selection is simple. The progression is what makes the program. At the most basic level, every week, you are aiming to increase your top set of 5 of Monday by 2.5% on Friday (done for 3 reps). If completed, this becomes your top set of 5 on the following Monday.", "For example, if your top set of 5 on Monday for squats was 100, your heavy triple on Friday would be 102.5. On the following Monday, your top set of 5 would then be 102.5, and so on.", "On Wednesday, for the Deadlift and Military Press, just try to increase your top set of 5 by 2.5% each week.", "These small increases make the program. I highly suggest in investing in micro-plates (1.25 lbs.), or going to home depot, getting some chains+hooks, and rigging something up to put on the bar. This seems like a pain, but you will be able to progress for a much longer period of time by making smaller jumps in weight.", "Now, back to the progression. Obviously, if you simply start the program at your 5-rep max on Monday, you are bound to fail early in the program. You must give yourself 3-4 weeks to get back to your maxes. Madcow recommends setting it up, so that in 4 weeks after starting the program, you are back at your starting maxes.", "This means about 10% (2.5% a week X 4 should put you back where you started). The beauty of the program is that when you reach your starting 5-rep max in week 4, you will be much stronger and will be able to handle it much more easily than before.", "The Sets!", "Now, we must explain the ramping of weights for the sets. 5 sets of 5 reps includes your warm-up. You ARE NOT doing all 5 sets at the same weight. Generally, you want to increase the weight by 12.5% on each set of five, up to your pre-determined 5 rep max for that week. REMEMBER - If you are in week one, you will be working up to a top set of 5 that is 10% below your current 5 rep max.", "Now, we must remember that 12.5% will not always give us a perfect weight. Somewhere between 10-15% is the desired increase in weight. To do this, take your top set of five, and work backwards by subtracting 12.5% of it. This will give you your 4th set. Subtract 12.5% of the 4th set, and you have your third set, and so on.", "For example, if your top set of 5 for squats for the week is 200, your five sets would be:", "5X155 (Rounded up from 153 - If you have micro plates, it would be 152.5)", "While we could do this out for everything, Madcow has set up a nice Excel spreadsheet that does it ALL for you.", "This will basically set the entire program up for you!!", "2 sets of weighted hyperextensions", "4 sets of weighted sit-ups", "3 sets of sit-ups", "3 Sets of Weighted/Regular Dips", "3 Sets of Barbell Curls", "3 Sets of Tricep Extensions", "Do NOT do any more assistance work! This will be just fine. The focus of this program is on the compound lifts. YES - your arms will grow - Trust me!", "Who Would Benefit From This Program, Who Would Not?", "I felt that most lifters newer to bodybuilding (or ones that have never used a PROVEN program) can benefit the most from this program. Advanced trainees will have a hard time increasing their weights in a linear fashion, because they are already lifting a large amount of weight.", "I feel that people with 1-4 years experience should give this program a go. Obviously that is a rough estimate, but this program is best suited for intermediate trainees.", "Advanced Trainers:", "For the more advanced trainee, Madcow has a periodized version of the 5X5. This can be found on the same site. It includes loading and de-loading phases, that are more tailored to experienced lifters. Also, the program doesn t progress in a linear fashion like the intermediate program. More info can be found on Madcow s website.", "How Much Cardio If Any, Would Be Beneficial For This Type Of Workout?", "I feel cardio should always be a part of a training regimen. I also feel that High Intensity Interval Training is the way to go while bulking. This helps keep the fat off, endurance up and your heart healthy. HIIT two times a week for 15-20 minutes is plenty for bulking.", "There is nothing wrong with low-intensity cardio, so if you prefer that, then I suggest 3X a week for 30-35 minutes. Either way, do what you like, because being healthy is all a part of being able to lift some serious weight.", "I suggest this program for bulking, but it can be used for cutting as well. Let s get one thing straight though - If you want to put on muscle, you MUST eat above maintenance calories. No program, not even a great one like this will put on muscle unless you are eating enough calories to do so. EAT! End of story!", "Lastly!", "I can t take credit for this program. Madcow wrote it up, and it is his take on the 5X5.", "Workout of the Week is where forum members are asked to answer questions about what they think the best workouts are." ] }, { "url": "https://stronglifts.com/5x5/", "title": "StrongLifts 5 Get Stronger by Lifting Weights only 3x Week", "content": [ "Workout Planner", "StrongLifts 5\u00d75: Get Stronger Lifting Weights 3x/Week", "Last updated: December 21, 2018 by Mehdi", "The StrongLifts 5\u00d75 strength training program consists of two workouts\u2026", "Workout A: Squat, Bench Press, Barbell Row", "Workout B: Squat, Overhead Press, Deadlift", "Do three workouts per week. Never train two days in a row or do two workouts in a day. Wait one day before doing your next workout. This gives your body time to recover, get stronger and build muscle so you can lift heavier next workout. Alternate workout A and B each time you train.", "Most people train Monday, Wednesday and Friday. This gives you one recovery day between each workout, and two recovery days before your next workout on Monday. What also works is to train Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday\u2026 or Sunday, Tuesday, and Thursday.", "Start StrongLifts 5\u00d75 by doing workout A. Go home, eat and sleep. Two days later do workout B. Another two days later do workout A. Your first week will look like this if you train Mo/We/Fr\u2026", "StrongLifts 5x5 Week 1", "Monday - workout A Wednesday - workout B Friday - workout A", "Squat 5x5 Squat 5x5 Squat 5x5", "Bench Press 5x5 Overhead Press 5x5 Bench Press 5x5", "Barbell Row 5x5 Deadlift 1x5 Barbell Row 5x5", "Start week two with workout B because you finished week one with workout A. Then keep alternating the workouts each time you go to the gym. Your second week will look like this if you train Monday, Wednesday, and Friday like most people\u2026", "Overhead Press 5x5 Bench Press 5x5 Overhead Press 5x5", "Deadlift 1x5 Barbell Row 5x5 Deadlift 1x5", "Keep alternating workouts A and B. Week three and five will look like week one. Week four and six will look like week two. If this doesn\u2019t make sense, signup to my daily email tips to get spreadsheets \u2013 you\u2019ll get an overview of your first 12 weeks. The app also auto-alternates workouts A and B.", "Start light so your body can get used to Squatting, pressing and pulling three times a week. If you\u2019ve done these exercises before, with proper form, start with 50% of your five rep max. You can enter your best lifts in the spreadsheets or the apps, and they\u2019ll calculate your starting weights for you.", "If you\u2019ve never done these exercises before, haven\u2019t done them in years, or you\u2019re intimidated by free weights then start with the lowest weights possible. This way you can build up your confidence and practice proper form. Here are the recommended starting weights if you\u2019re new to lifting\u2026", "Squat, Bench Press, Overhead Press: 20kg/45lb (the empty Olympic barbell)", "Deadlift: 40kg/95lb (the empty bar with a plate of 10kg/25lb on each side)", "Barbell Row: 30kg/65lb (the empty bar with 5kg/10lb on each side)", "5\u00d75 means you do five sets of five reps with the same weight. Squat 20kg five times, rack the weight, and rest 90 seconds. Then Squat 20kg for five reps again. Repeat until you\u2019ve done five sets of five (5\u00d75). Then move to the next exercise. On Deadlifts only do one set of five reps (1\u00d75).", "Increase the weight every workout on each exercise where you completed five reps on each set. Add 2,5kg/5lb on those exercises. On Deadlift add 5kg/10lb. So if you\u2019re new to lifting and started with the recommended starting weights, your first two weeks will look like this\u2026", "Monday - A Wednesday - B Friday - A", "5x5 20kg/45lb Squat", "5x5 22.5kg/50lb Squat", "5x5 25kg/55lb", "5x5 20kg/45lb Overhead Press", "5x5 20kg/45lb Bench Press", "5x5 22.5kg/50lb", "5x5 30kg/65lb Deadlift", "1x5 40kg/95lb Barbell Row", "Monday - B Wednesday - A Friday - B", "5x5 22.5kg/50lb Bench Press", "1x5 45kg/105lb Barbell Row", "1x5 50kg/115lb", "Free: download the StrongLifts 5\u00d75 spreadsheet to get your first 12 weeks of training calculated for you. You\u2019ll know the exercises, weights, sets & reps to do. And the progress graphs will keep you motivated. Signup to my daily email tips to get the spreadsheet. Just click here.", "All weights include the bar because you lift it. So Squat 5\u00d75 27.5kg/60lb means you put 3.75kg/7.5lb on each side of the 20kg/45lb Olympic bar. You need small plates of 1.25kg/2.5lb to do this.", "The first weeks will feel easy. But the weight will increase fast. Within four weeks you\u2019ll be Squatting 30kg/60lb more, pressing 15kg/30lb more and Deadlifting 30kg/60lb more. Start with the bar and you could be Squatting 100kg/220lb for 5\u00d75 in 12 weeks. That\u2019s more than most people.", "Your goal is to add weight every workout for as long as you can. You won\u2019t be able to do this forever. Eventually you\u2019ll struggle to get five reps and fail (there are ways to get around that). But most people are surprised by how long they can add weight each workout with such a simple program.", "1.1 Typical Results", "1.2 Muscles Worked", "1.3 Why This Works", "1.4 Workout Videos", "1.5 Origins of 5\u00d75", "2.1 Workouts", "2.3 Exercise Order", "2.4 Sets & Reps", "2.5 Rest Times", "2.6 Lifting Tempo", "2.7 Breathing", "2.8 Rest Days", "2.9 Progression", "2.10 Starting Weights", "2.13 Strength Goals", "3.1 Failed Reps", "3.2 Deloads", "3.3 3\u00d75/3\u00d73/1\u00d73", "3.4 Madcow 5\u00d75", "4.1 Soreness", "4.3 Protein", "4.5 Sleep", "5 Assistance Work", "5.1 Arms", "5.2 Abs", "5.3 Calves", "6 Cardio", "6.2 Heart Health", "7.1 Home Gym", "7.2 Power Rack", "7.3 Squat Rack", "7.4 Squat Stands", "7.5 Smith Machine", "7.6 Barbell", "7.7 Collars", "7.9 Small Plates", "7.11 Bench", "7.12 Chalk", "8.1 Starting Too Heavy", "8.2 Changing The Program", "8.3 Adding Too Much Stuff", "8.4 Lifting in a Bad Gym", "8.5 Adding Weight Too Fast", "8.6 Lifting With Bad Form", "8.7 Not Lifting Heavy", "8.8 Skipping Workouts", "8.9 Rushing Your Sets", "8.10 Eating Too Little", "9 Popular Questions", "9.1 Will StrongLifts 5\u00d75 work for me?", "9.2 How long does it take to see results?", "9.3 What\u2019s the science behind this program?", "9.4 Does StrongLifts 5\u00d75 build muscle?", "9.5 Can I gain mass with StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "9.6 Can I lose fat with StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "9.7 Does this program work for guys over 40?", "9.8 Does StrongLifts 5\u00d75 work for women?", "9.9 Can teens do StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "9.10 Can I get results with StrongLifts 5\u00d75 if I have bad genetics?", "9.11 Will this make me slow for sports?", "9.12 Isn\u2019t Squatting 3x/week too much?", "9.13 Can I do 5\u00d75 Deadlifts?", "9.14 Does StrongLifts 5\u00d75 work with Dumbbells?", "9.15 Does StrongLifts 5\u00d75 work with Machines?", "9.16 What if my gym doesn\u2019t have barbells to do StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "9.17 How Can I Mix StrongLifts 5\u00d75 with Crossfit?", "9.18 Should I take a week off StrongLifters 5\u00d75 every 8-12 weeks?", "9.19 Do I need a training partner for StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "9.20 Do I need a spotter to do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 safely?", "9.21 What\u2019s the best time to workout?", "9.22 Should I workout if I\u2019m sick?", "9.23 What if I don\u2019t feel like lifting today?", "9.24 What if I\u2019m embarrassed to go the gym?", "9.25 Should I lift if I\u2019m sore?", "9.26 Can I do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 every day?", "9.27 Can I do workouts for arms/ab/back/etc on off days?", "9.28 I have to start over due to bad form. How much weight do you suggest?", "9.29 Can I Squat less deep if I think I\u2019m going to stall?", "9.30 How should I train if I\u2019m traveling for work and only have access to hotel gyms?", "9.31 What if I hate Squats/Rows/Bench/whatever?", "9.32 Will Smoking Hinder My Gains on StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "9.33 Will Alcohol Hinder My Gains on StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "9.34 How to Convince my Friend to do StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "9.35 Is it okay to lift in cold weather?", "9.36 I\u2019m 35. Am I too old for this?", "9.37 What about stretching?", "Your results depend on your age, gender, weight, technique, nutrition, sleep, experience, consistency, effort, etc. Many people have doubled their Squat to 300lb, gained 24lb and lost 12lb in a year on this program. But these results are atypical for older lifters or females with less testosterone.", "The typical result you can expect if you do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 as laid out is an increase in strength and muscle mass. The magnitude of the gains and time it takes varies. But I\u2019ve never met someone who didn\u2019t improve with this program. Do it by the book and here\u2019s what you can expect\u2026", "More Strength. You\u2019ll gain strength on every StrongLifts 5\u00d75 exercise. You\u2019ll quickly lift more than other people. Your strength will transfer to physical activities outside the gym. Picking up heavy objects, carrying groceries or walking up stairs will be easier.", "More Muscle. Your muscles will become stronger and bigger to lift the weights. If you\u2019ve never done a proper training program like this one before, you can gain up to 24lb of lean muscle in a year. You\u2019ll also regain lost muscle and stop muscle loss from aging/dieting.", "Less Fat. The heavier the weights, the more energy you\u2019ll burn. You\u2019ll also burn more energy post-workout for muscle recovery. Your metabolism will be higher. Eat right on top of lifting weights and you\u2019ll lose fat. Your waist and body-fat will decrease \u2013 without doing cardio.", "More Sex. A muscular body is more attractive than a fat one. Your clothes will fit better. Your posture will improve. Your testosterone levels will increase. You\u2019ll look and feel better, and this will increase your success with the opposite sex. You\u2019ll get laid more. Really.", "More Endurance. Your muscles will last longer before they get tired because they\u2019re stronger. It will take them less effort to do things like walking or running. Many people have been surprised to find out they can suddenly run three miles despite never actually running.", "More Power. Stronger muscles can do more work in the same amount of time. Increasing your strength will therefore make you more powerful and explosive for sports. You\u2019ll be faster on the field, harder to tackle and hit harder. You\u2019ll be tougher to beat.", "More Fitness. Your heart muscle will get stronger like every other muscle. Daily activities will take less effort because they\u2019ll put less demand on your stronger heart. Your blood pressure and heart rate will decrease. Your cardiovascular fitness will increase.", "More Flexibility. Your hip mobility will increase because Squatting three times a week moves your legs through a full range of motion. Your shoulder flexibility will increase from holding the bar on your upper-back \u2013 this opens your chest and improves your posture.", "More Health. Your testosterone will increase. Your cholesterol, blood pressure and stress will decrease. Your glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity will improve. And so on. All of this will make you feel healthier and younger. You\u2019ll have more energy than before.", "Less Injuries. Your bone density will increase and balance improve. Your joints, spine and the muscles around them will get stronger. They\u2019ll give them more support and protection. This makes you less likely to get injured and may even eliminate nagging pains.", "More Confidence. People will notice your new body and strength. Some will compliment you. A few might ask for advice. This positive feedback, the respect you\u2019ll get, and the changes you\u2019ll make will make you believe in yourself more. You\u2019ll become more confident.", "More Toughness. Adding weight every workout is hard work. But this strengthens your mind as well as your body. It increases your pain tolerance, pain treshold and mental toughness. This makes it easier for you to work hard because you become tougher.", "More Time. Only three workouts per week. Each takes 45 mins the first 12 weeks, max 80mins after that. So you\u2019ll spend max four hours in the gym each week. The other 164 hours you can spend-guilt-free on family, friends, hobbies, etc. You\u2019ll have a life outside the gym.", "More Money. You won\u2019t need expensive supplements to get results (most don\u2019t work anyway). You also won\u2019t need a lot of equipment. You can easily build a home gym and train from your garage as I did for ten years. This saves money on gym fees.", "For best results guys need to increase the main lifts to 140kg/300lb Squat, 100kg/220lb Bench and 180kg/400lb Deadlift. Anything below that isn\u2019t enough to see dramatic improvements. Your focus should therefore be to increase the weight until you reach these minimum targets.", "Warning: this program looks easy, but isn\u2019t. You\u2019re adding weight every workout. This triggers your body to gain strength and muscle to lift heavier the next workout. It\u2019s the most effective way to train but it\u2019s hard work. Some people don\u2019t have the mental fortitude for it. If you do, you\u2019ll gain.", "StrongLifts 5\u00d75 is a full body training program. Every exercise works several muscles. Together, these compound exercises work your whole body. This is what makes this program so time-efficient \u2013 you can train every single muscle by doing only three exercises per workout.", "This can be hard to believe if you\u2019re used to train one muscle a day by doing a dozen of exercises per workout. But you don\u2019t need to train your muscles directly for them to grow. They actually grow better with compound exercises because you can lift heavier weights. This triggers more growth.", "This is why more strength is more muscle. The stronger you are, the heavier the weights you can lift, and thus the more muscular you\u2019ll be. Your muscles must grow bigger to lift the heavier weights. It\u2019s therefore not the quantity of exercises you do that matters most. It\u2019s the intensity.", "The intensity is higher on compound exercises because you can use heavier weights. StrongLifts 5\u00d75 uses the five best compound exercises \u2013 \u201cthe big five\u201d. Here are all the muscles you\u2019ll work by doing the Squat, Bench Press, Overhead Press, Deadlift and Barbell Row every week\u2026", "Chest. Your whole chest works to push the bar away from you when you Bench Press. Your upper-chest works to lift the weight when you Overhead Press.", "Shoulders. Your whole shoulder girdle (front, side, rear) works to raise your arms when you Overhead Press. Your front shoulders also work to raise your arms when you Bench Press.", "Arms. Your biceps pull the weight to you when you Barbell Row. Your triceps push the weight when you Bench/Overhead Press. Your arms contract on every exercise to hold the bar.", "Forearms. Your forearms keep the bar in your hands on all exercises. They work very hard on Deadlifts to keep your hands closed against gravity so you don\u2019t lose the bar.", "Abs. Your abs work on every exercise to support your spine. They keep your lower back from rounding on Deadlifts, Squats and Rows. They keep it from arching on the Overhead Press.", "Calves. Your calves work to straighten your ankles when you Squat and Deadlift the weight up. They also stabilize you when you Overhead/Bench Press and Row.", "Traps. Your traps work to keep your shoulders in place when you Deadlift and Barbell Row. They transfer power to the bar. They also contract at the top of your Overhead Press.", "Thighs. Your quads, glutes and hamstring straighten your legs and hips when you Squat and Deadlift. They also keep you stabilized when you Overhead/Bench Press and Row.", "Back. Your lower back keeps your spine from rounding on Deadlifts, Squats and Row. Your upper-back pulls the weight back on Rows. It also keeps the bar close on Deadlifts.", "You can\u2019t make the mistake of favoring body-parts on StrongLifts 5\u00d75. The compound exercises work your whole body. So you won\u2019t turn into a captain upper-body with only chest and arms but no back and legs. Instead you\u2019ll build a balanced, well-proportioned physique.", "In fact, the upper/lower-body distribution is almost even. Over two weeks you do 150 Squat reps (lower), 150 Bench/OHP reps (upper), 15 DL reps (lower) and 75 Rows reps (upper). That 43% lower-body vs 57% upper-body work. This creates a balanced body development.", "Keep in mind StrongLifts 5\u00d75 is not a bodybuilding program. You will build your body. You will build muscle. A lot of muscle. But you won\u2019t turn into a bodybuilder. You\u2019ll build a muscular and athletic body instead. One that doesn\u2019t just look strong but actually is strong too.", "The key is to increase your strength. Don\u2019t expect the chest development of a 100kg/220lb bencher if you only bench half that. Don\u2019t expect legs like a 180kg/400lb Squatter if you can\u2019t even Squat two plates. Aim for that 140kg/300lb SQ, 100kg/220lb BP and 180kg/400lb DL.", "According to the legend, Milo from Croton trained for the Olympics by carrying a calf each day. The calf grew bigger which increased the weight he carried. This triggered his body to gain strength and muscle. It turned him into the best wrestler of his time. Milo won the Olympic Games 6x.", "It\u2019s just a legend, but there are many lessons here. He started light. He added weight slowly. He added weight every workout. He lifted a heavy object that worked his whole body. He lifted it frequently. He balanced it himself. His program was simple. But it was hard work. And it was effective.", "StrongLifts 5\u00d75 doesn\u2019t use a calf. But it works the same way. And that\u2019s why it\u2019s so effective.", "Free Weights. Machines balance the weight for you. Free weights force you to balance it. So they engage more muscles, improve balance and build strength that transfers outside the gym. The movements are also more natural and safer because you control how the bar moves.", "Barbells. You can lift heavier weights with barbells than dumbbells or kettlebells. Barbells therefore trigger your body harder to gain strength and muscle. And you only need one to do all StrongLifts 5\u00d75 exercises. This makes building a home gym cheap and easy.", "Compounds. You can lift heavier on compounds like Squats than isolation like leg curls. Squats use more muscles \u2013 you can lift heavier and thus build more muscle. And since compounds work several muscles you don\u2019t need gazillions exercises. Three is plenty \u2013 saves time.", "Squats. The Squat is the backbone of the program. It works your whole body, with heavy weights, and over a long range of motion. Squats are the best exercise to gain strength and muscle. You\u2019ll hate them because they\u2019re hard, love them for the results they deliver.", "Light Start. StrongLifts 5\u00d75 starts with light weights. This prevents soreness. It gives your body time to adapt to lifting more frequently. It prevents plateauing too early. It forces you to focus on lifting with proper form. And it prepares you for the heavy weeks later.", "Intensity. The workouts are short but intense. Each exercise works several muscles at the same time, and the weight is heavier. But you\u2019re only doing three exercises so you don\u2019t lose focus. By the time you\u2019re getting really tired, you\u2019ve finished your workout.", "Progressive Overload. Increasing the weight progressively triggers your body to get stronger. Your body arms itself to better handle the load next time. So your muscles get bigger, bones denser, and tendons stronger. Not lifting heavy makes you lose muscle and strength.", "Frequency. Squatting three times a week is better than once because you trigger your legs 3x more to grow muscle. You also get to practice proper form three times more. This improves your form which helps you lift more and triggers even more muscle growth.", "Fives. You can lift more weight if you do five reps than eight, ten or twelve. Your form is better because the set is over before fatigue sets in. The total amount of sets is the same whether you do 5\u00d75 or 3\u00d78 (25 vs 24). The weight is just heavier which stimulates more growth.", "No Failure. Training to failure gets you pumped and sore. Soreness prevents you to train the muscles again the same week. Yet training more frequently triggers more strength and muscle gains. You therefore don\u2019t try to hit failure on StrongLifts 5\u00d75. You try to add weight.", "Rest. Every workout stimulates strength and muscle gains. It makes you stronger. But it also tires your body. You need rest between workouts so your muscles can recover, grow stronger, and lift heavier weights next time. StrongLifts 5\u00d75 gives you four rest days a week.", "Plan. Failing to plan is planning to fail. Most people have no plan in the gym. They do what they feel like or see someone else do. StrongLifts 5\u00d75 gives you a plan every workout day. It gives you a simple way to progress. You\u2019ll know what to do and expect. You\u2019ll be confident.", "Adherence. The best training program is the one you actually stick to. It\u2019s easier to stick to StrongLifts 5\u00d75 because it only takes three workouts a week. And each workout takes less than an hour the first 12 weeks. You\u2019ll skip less workouts and be more consistent.", "Objective. StrongLifts 5\u00d75 is free of subjective BS like \u201cfeeling your muscles\u201d or how you look in the mirror. You know if the program works by looking at the weight on the bar. If it goes up over time \u2013 and it will \u2013 you\u2019re gaining strength and muscle, period.", "Fun. Many people get addicted to adding weight each workout. You\u2019ll get curious about how far you can get on StrongLifts 5\u00d75. For the first time you\u2019ll look forward to going to the gym and lift more than last time. Your motivation will go through the roof.", "Simple. You don\u2019t need a PhD to understand StrongLifts 5\u00d75. It\u2019s just two workouts with three exercises each. You do sets of five and add weight every time. Done. It\u2019s even simpler when you use the app as it will do all the thinking for you so you can focus on lifting.", "StrongLifts 5\u00d75 is based on common sense. If you\u2019re a logical thinker like me, this program will make sense to you. It will be obvious that this program is far more effective than the one muscle a day high rep isolation split routines so many people still waste time and effort on in 2017.", "Here are two videos in which you can see me doing the two workouts of StrongLifts 5\u00d75. I\u2019m lifting the weights that you\u2019ll be lifting in weeks 8/9. I\u2019m also completing each workout in less than thirty minutes. Watch both videos and listen to me answering common questions.", "Origins of 5\u00d75", "StrongLifts 5\u00d75 is based on the 5\u00d75 routine. I didn\u2019t invent 5\u00d75 \u2013 I just wrote a definitive guide on it in 2007 and created apps for it in 2010. It\u2019s not clear who invented the 5\u00d75 routine but it seems to have been around for almost 100 years now. Here\u2019s a short history on its origins\u2026", "In Muscle, Smoke and Mirrors, Randy Roach wrote that Milo Steinborn brought the Squat to the USA from Germany in the 1920s. Power Racks didn\u2019t exist yet so he put the bar vertically and then dropped it on his upper-back. Milo could Squat 250kg/550lb for reps like this\u2026", "The American lifters were floored and soon started to Squat too. Weightlifting coach Mark Berry gained 50lb body-weight by Squatting. By the late 1930s he was telling everyone to Squat in his magazine Strength. He seemed to have been the first one to write about the 5\u00d75 routine.", "Two decades later in the UK, Reg Park was 3x Mr Universe. He could Squat 600lb, Bench 500lb and Deadlift 700lb. In 1960 he put everything he learned in his book Strength & Bulk Training for Weight Lifters & Body Builders. His main program was a 5\u00d75 routine revolving around Squats.", "Reg Park later became Arnold Schwarzenegger\u2019s lifelong mentor. His biographies Total Recall and The Education of a Bodybuilder reveal that Arnold did a lot of heavy lifting. He was a competitive olympic lifter and powerlifter before turning bodybuilder. Reg Park most likely had Arnold do 5\u00d75 too.", "Meanwhile the Canadian weightlifter Doug Hepburn won Gold at the 1953 Olympics. He was big on 5\u00d75 and could Squat 760lb, Bench Press 580lb and Deadlift 705lb. Interestingly, Hepburn trained in Ed Yaricks gym in California which Reg Park visited in 1949. They might have met\u2026", "Many people consider Bill Starr the father of the 5\u00d75 routine. In 1976 he popularized it in his book The Strongest Shall Survive. Starr called his program \u201cThe Big Three\u201d \u2013 aimed at football, it was centered around the Squat, Bench Press and Power Clean for five sets of five reps.", "I discovered the 5\u00d75 routine in 2003 on the Internet. There was a forum poster \u201cJohn Smith\u201d writing about it (he turned out to be weightlifting coach Glenn Pendlay). And there was Madcow who talked to Pendlay and wrote about 5\u00d75 on the now defunct Geocities. Their writings sold me on 5\u00d75.", "In 2007 my mentor told me to start a website about lifting. I didn\u2019t want to at first, but then went for it. In June that year I wrote a definitive guide on the 5\u00d75 routine. People found it helpful, started to call it StrongLifts 5\u00d75, and somehow it became popular. In 2010 I created the first app for 5\u00d75.", "But I didn\u2019t invent 5\u00d75. The routine and its principles have been around long before I was born. And it will be around long after I\u2019m gone. Many training programs come and go. But the 5\u00d75 routine has stood the test of times. The reason should be obvious \u2013 it\u2019s simple, and actually works.", "StrongLifts 5\u00d75 triggers strength and muscle growth in your whole body using two workouts A and B. You Squat every workout as first exercise because that\u2019s the backbone of the program. The next two exercises change based on whether you do workout A or B. The workouts\u2026", "Workout A: Squat 5\u00d75, Bench Press 5\u00d75, Barbell Row 5\u00d75", "Workout B: Squat 5\u00d75, Overhead Press 5\u00d75, Deadlift 1\u00d75", "Do one workout per day. If this doesn\u2019t feel enough then the weight is too light. Be patient or increase the weight. Once the weight is heavy you won\u2019t be able to do more than three exercises without losing strength. Bench tires your shoulders for OHPress, and Rows tire your back for Deadlifts.", "Alternate workout A and B every time you train. Start with workout A today, do workout B in two days, then do workout A again. This means some weeks you\u2019ll do A/B/A, some B/A/B. If you don\u2019t get this then download the spreadsheets, or use the app as they alternate workouts for you.", "Wait at least one day between two workouts. This gives your body time to recover, get stronger and build muscle to lift heavier next workout. Don\u2019t workout two days in a row \u2013 the weight will be harder to lift and you\u2019ll miss reps because your muscles aren\u2019t fully recovered yet.", "Do three workouts a week. Most people train Monday/Wednesday/Friday but Tu/Th/Sa or Su/Tu/Th works too. As long as you wait at least one day between two workouts, it\u2019s fine. Try to train the same days and times each week. This creates a habit that will increase your consistency.", "You could do four workouts a week. You still have that day off inbetween but progress will be slightly faster. Most people like having two days off in a row though. And those who start with four usually switch to three later. So stick with three. Your training schedule will be more consistent.", "If you miss one or two workouts, continue where you left off. Let\u2019s say you train Mo/We/Fr and miss Friday. Do that workout on Saturday. No need to lower the weight, you don\u2019t lose strength that fast. The continue on Mo/We/F the week after. Again, use the app, they take care of all of this.", "Note that these three workouts a week are a full training program. You can\u2019t do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 on top of another program. It would hurt your recovery and prevent you to add weight each workout. You\u2019d miss reps, plateau and get nowhere. Do this program or the other \u2013 not both.", "On StrongLifts 5\u00d75 you do five exercises \u2013 the Squat, Bench Press, Deadlift, Overhead Press and Barbell Row. Every workout starts with Squats. The other exercises alternate each workout.", "Squat. The backbone of the program. Squats strengthen your legs and everything else with heavy weights. The bar moves through a longer range of motion than any other exercise.", "Bench Press. The upper-body equivalent of the Squat. The Bench strengthens your chest, shoulders and arms. The weight is heavier than on any other upper-body exercise.", "Deadlift. Trains pulling heavy weight from the floor with a neutral spine. Strengthens your grip, legs and entire back. The weight is heavier than on any other exercise on this program.", "Overhead Press. Trains lifting weights overhead. Strengthens your shoulders and everything under the bar. Hardest lift of all five, you\u2019ll lift the least amount of weight here.", "Barbell Row. Trains pulling weight towards you, like rowing on a boat. Strengthens your whole back and arms. Rows are assistance work for the other four exercises.", "You do these five exercises because they let you lift the heaviest weight. You can Squat heavier than you can Front Squat. Squats therefore trigger more strength and muscle gains, and so they\u2019re in the program. Every exercise lets you lift the heaviest weights to work your major muscle groups.", "Use a barbell for every exercise. You can lift the heaviest weight with a barbell. It\u2019s therefore the best tool to trigger your body to build strength and muscle. It\u2019s also the best tool to progress because you can start light with just the bar, and add weights as low as 0.5kg/1lb each workout.", "The barbell must move freely. It can\u2019t be attached to a machine because that takes work away from your muscles. You have to balance the weight yourself, not let a machine do it. You also need total control over how the bar moves \u2013 a machine can\u2019t be determining the bar path.", "So don\u2019t do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 on the smith machine. Its fixed bar makes your muscles work less since you don\u2019t have to balance it. It also forces you into unnatural movements that can cause pain and injuries. Even the newer 3D smith machine has the former problem so it\u2019s no good either.", "Dumbbells also don\u2019t work for this program. You can\u2019t Squat or Deadlift heavy because holding the weights is the limiting factor. And most dumbbells go up by 2kg/5lb. They force you to use bigger increments of 4kg/10lb per workout. You\u2019ll plateau earlier and more often than with a barbell.", "Kettlebells don\u2019t work for similar reasons. I can Squat 180kg/400lb with a bar. The heaviest kettlebell is 48kg. And holding one in each hand is harder than Squatting it so you\u2019re not challenging your legs. Plus kettlebells go up by 4kg. They\u2019re great for cardio but don\u2019t substitute a barbell.", "Safety concerns usually makes people prefer the smith machine or dumbbells. But you\u2019re not the first one to think about your safety. Many strong lifters lift heavier weights than we\u2019ll ever lift. Failing their weights could kill them. Yet the rate of injury is low because they\u2019ve already solved this problem\u2026", "Lift in the Power Rack. Rock climbers use a rope to catch them if they fall. StrongLifters use a Power Rack to catch the bar if they fail. I\u2019ve lifted mostly alone for over 10y in my home gym. Failed plenty but never got stuck under the bar because I lifted in the Power Rack.", "Start light. You don\u2019t put four plates on the bar because you read I can Squat that. You learn to walk before you try to run. Start with the empty bar and add a little weight each workout. As the weight increases so will your experience, comfort and confidence with the weight.", "Use proper form. It prevents injuries, improves efficiency and increases strength and muscle gains. Keep your spine neutral to avoid lower back injuries. Keep your thighs and feet aligned to avoid knee injuries. Don\u2019t flare your shoulders. Read my exercise guides.", "Your gym may not have a Power Rack or even a bar. I don\u2019t have a magic wand to make one appear. Either go to a real gym or build a home gym. Otherwise you\u2019re stuck doing an inferior program with what you have. But don\u2019t bastardize this program. Do it as laid out or don\u2019t do it all.", "Substituting any exercise will make the program less effective. You\u2019ll introduce exercises that trigger less strength and muscle gains because you can\u2019t go as heavy. Or you\u2019ll use machines where you don\u2019t balance the bar. There are no better exercises than these fives. They\u2019re the best.", "The key is to use proper form by using a complete range of motion. A half Squat will not build legs like a proper Squat will \u2013 your muscles are only working half the movement. Same with benching half reps \u2013 it doesn\u2019t work your chest muscles well. Read the guides so you do the exercises right.", "Use the same range of motion on every rep, set and workout regardless of the weight. Don\u2019t shorten the ROM when you start struggling just so you can get your reps. Otherwise you don\u2019t know if you can lift more because you got stronger or because you\u2019re just cheating the ROM. Keep it constant.", "The exercise order of StrongLifts 5\u00d75 is not random but on purpose. Stick to it.", "Always start with Squats. They\u2019re the hardest exercise and the backbone of the program. If you Squat second or last you\u2019ll make them harder because you\u2019re already tired. So you\u2019re more likely to skip them (especially if you hate Squats). Squat first so you can\u2019t rationalize your way out.", "Bench or Overhead Press next. This gives your legs and lower back rest before you need them again on Barbell Rows and Deadlifts. If you reverse the exercise order you\u2019ll struggle on those exercises. Your lower back and legs will be tired from Squats. You need them for Rows and Deadlifts.", "Starting with Deadlifts tires your lower back for Squats. Squats tire it for Deadlifts too. But you only Deadlift for 1\u00d75 after Squats. Squatting for 5\u00d75 is hard, and Squatting for 5\u00d75 after Deadlifts is even harder. You\u2019re going to be tempted to cut your Squats short or skip them alltogether.", "Sticking to the same exercise order every workouts also makes it easier to track improvements. If you keep everything constant except the weight, then you know that when you can lift heavier, it\u2019s because you got stronger. Not because you did this exercise first today and were more fresh.", "Squatting first makes you tired for the Bench/OHP. But your goal isn\u2019t to show strength. Your goal is to build it. Besides, powerlifters Bench/ Deadlift after Squats too in competitions. Get used to it.", "Don\u2019t Squat one set, Bench one set, Row one set and then go back to Squats. Do five sets of five on one exercise before moving to the next one. Stay focused on one exercise instead of rushing from one to the other. You\u2019ll have better technique which will help you lift heavier weights.", "The Power Rack may not be free when you arrive in the gym. Or the Bench might be taken when you\u2019re done Squatting. I encounter these situations all the time but never change the exercise order of my workout. Just ask how much time he has left. You\u2019ll get one of these replies\u2026", "Usually he\u2019ll tell you he only has one or two sets left. Great \u2013 you just wait. Gather your plates and stuff. Warmup for Squats maybe with a few stretches. He\u2019ll be done in five minutes so then it\u2019s your turn. Good you didn\u2019t change the exercise order.", "Sometimes he just started or still has many sets to do. Waiting would take too long. Ask if you can join and do your sets while he rests inbetween. I\u2019ve never been refused once in 18 years of training. In fact this is how I met my early mentor. Don\u2019t be shy, do it.", "It doesn\u2019t matter if you lift less than the other guy. I\u2019ve lifted with people who could Squat 700lb. They didn\u2019t mind. As long as you help loading the bar for their sets, don\u2019t complain and don\u2019t waste time, they\u2019ll be cool. This is the best way to make friends in the gym. Again \u2013 do it.", "Do five worksets of five reps (5\u00d75) on Squats, Bench, Overhead Press and Rows. Deadlift only one workset of five reps (1\u00d75). Warmup with light weights before your heavy worksets.", "5\u00d75 means five sets of five reps with the same weight. So Squat 5\u00d75 90kg/200lb means you Squat this weight for five reps on all five worksets. 1\u00d75 means one set of five reps \u2013 not five sets of one rep. So Deadlift 1\u00d75 140kg/300lb is one heavy workset where you pull 140kg/300lb for five reps.", "5\u00d75 Deadlifts after 5\u00d75 Squats doesn\u2019t work. Deadlifts use more muscles. The weight is heavier and each rep starts from a harder dead stop. Pulling heavy for 5\u00d75 is brutal. Instead of accelerating your progress, you\u2019ll slow it by missing reps more. Deadlift only 1\u00d75 \u2013 it\u2019s enough.", "StrongLifts 5\u00d75 uses sets of five reps \u2013 not eight or ten reps like on 3\u00d78 or 3\u00d710. That doesn\u2019t mean doing eight or ten reps is worthless. But it\u2019s not effective for people who haven\u2019t build basic strength, muscle mass and technique first. Here\u2019s why five reps work better:", "Heavier Weight. Five reps keep your sets short. They\u2019re over before you\u2019re tired. So you can lift heavier with fives than eight or ten reps. Heavy weights trigger your body more to gain strength and muscle. It has to get stronger and build muscle to lift the bigger weights.", "More Progress. You can add 2.5kg/5lb each workout more easily when doing five reps because you can lift heavier. This means you can apply progressive overload longer without plateauing. You\u2019ll lift heavier, get stronger and thus build more muscle mass by doing fives.", "Better form. The shorter set makes it easier to stay focused on lifting with proper form. And since it\u2019s over before you\u2019re tired, you can keep that proper form longer. This increases your lifting efficiency and safety. You can lift heavier weights without getting injured.", "The total reps is the same on 5\u00d75 and 3\u00d78 \u2013 25 vs 24 reps. But the weight is higher on 5\u00d75. Let\u2019s say you Squat 100kg for 3\u00d78. You can Squat at least 105kg if you do 5\u00d75 instead. That\u2019s why 5\u00d75 makes more sense \u2013 you\u2019re working your muscles with heavier weight. This triggers more growth.", "Five sets also give you almost double the form practice than three sets. The more you practice proper form, the more efficient you become. This increases how much you lift and decreases injuries. The 1\u00d75 Deadlifts give you less practice but you can fix that by doing fives on your warmup sets.", "Rest Times", "Rest as long as you need between sets to get five reps on your next set. The first weeks of StrongLifts 5\u00d75 you don\u2019t need much rest time because the weights are light. But as your work weight increases and becomes more challenging, you\u2019ll need to rest more. Here\u2019s what I recommend\u2026", "1min30 if you easily completed five reps on your last set", "3min if you struggled to get five reps on your last set", "5min if you failed to get five reps on your last set", "Rest times matter because ATP is your primary energy source for lifting. Each set depletes your ATP stores. It takes three minutes for them to recover 80%. Rest five minutes and you have 95% back. So resting longer between sets gives you more ATP for your next set. It helps you lift heavier.", "Short rest times make you sweat more and cause more pump. But they limit how heavy you can go by forcing you to lift with depleted ATP stores. The goal of StrongLifts 5\u00d75 is to lift heavy because that triggers maximum strength and muscle gains. Rest longer so you can go heavy.", "The drawback of longer rest times is that it makes your workouts take longer. You can fix that by only resting longer when needed. You don\u2019t need to rest between exercises or light warmup sets \u2013 just set the equipment, add weight and go. Keep longer rest times for your hard work sets.", "One way to know if you\u2019re ready for your next set is by paying attention to your breathing. Your heart rate will be elevated after a hard set and you\u2019ll be breathing heavily. When both go back to normal, it usually means you\u2019re ready for your next set. Don\u2019t start a set still breathing hard.", "My app has a built-in rest timer to guide you. It tells you how long to rest between work sets, warmup sets and exercises. It suggests different rest times if your last set was easy, hard, or if you missed reps. It also pings you when it\u2019s time to do your next set. Download the app here.", "Stay focused between sets. You can sit on a bench, but I like to stand. Review your form if you just taped yourself. Look at your training history in my app. Maybe visualize yourself doing your next set with perfect form. But avoid too much socializing as you\u2019ll lose focus and track of time.", "Lifting Tempo", "Use the lifting tempo that lets you lift the heaviest weights with proper form. Lifting slow is no good because it wastes strength. But lifting too fast makes it harder to control the bar and lift with proper form. You must be in control of the bar at all times. Just don\u2019t be slow.", "The first weeks of StrongLifts 5\u00d75 you\u2019ll have to lift more slowly so you can practice proper form. But as you gain experience you can start accelerating the bar on the way up. This recruits more muscle fibers and helps you lift heavier weights. It\u2019s not cheating but more effective.", "Always lower the bar under control. Don\u2019t lower it slowly because that wastes strength. But don\u2019t drop the bar either. Control it on the way down so you can maintain proper form. The bar should go down faster than it moves up. And the bar path should be as close to vertical as possible.", "Lifting slow causes more pump and fatigue. But it also limits how heavy you can go. The goal on this program is to lift heavy. You can lift heavier when you lift fast. That\u2019s why lifting fast recruits more muscle fibers \u2013 the heavier weight forces more muscles to get involved to lift it.", "Lifting fast doesn\u2019t mean the bar will actually move fast. Your lighter warmup weights will move fast. But your heavy work sets won\u2019t always do. The bar can sometimes move slowly on hard reps aka grinders. The point is that you put all your strength into the bar by trying to accelerate it.", "Take your time between reps. Rest a second before doing the next rep so you can get tight and take a big breath. This will also give you some recovery. Don\u2019t rush your reps or you\u2019ll lose focus and lift with bad form. But don\u2019t wait too long either or the next rep will be harder.", "The general rule is to take a big breath before you do the rep, hold it while you do the rep, then exhale when you finished your rep.", "Your blood pressure will increase when you hold your breath like this. But your body will get used to this, especially if you start with the empty bar and work your way up slowly. Your heart is a muscle, and it will get stronger like all your other muscles.", "Ignore people telling you to inhale on the way down or exhale on the up and similar bullshit. All of that does release pressure, but it also weakens your torso. It makes your lower back more prone to injury.", "The point of taking a big breath and hold it, is to create pressure in your abdomen. This pressure increases support for your lower back. It makes your lower back safer and less likely to get injured. Exhaling during reps does the opposite.", "Here\u2019s the proper way to breathe on each exercise:", "Deadlift/Barbell Row. Lower the weight to the floor and wait for the bar to be still before pulling the next rep. Use this rest to reset yourself \u2013 neutral spine and chest up. Then take a big breath and pull. This shouldn\u2019t take longer than a second so you don\u2019t lose the stretch reflex.", "Squats/Bench Press. Squat the weight up and lock your hips and knees. Bench the weight up and lock your elbows. Then rest a second to get tight for the next rep. Squeeze the bar, raise your chest and take a big breath. Then do your next rep.", "Overhead Press. Lower the bar to your chest. Rest a second to get your forearms vertical to the floor and raise your chest. Then take a big breath and press the next rep.", "An advanced technique that works well on the Bench and Overhead Press is to press several reps with one breath. Not exhaling means you don\u2019t lose tightness. But you must be able to hold your breath for 2-3 reps for this to work. Try this later when you\u2019re more experienced.", "Do three StrongLifts 5\u00d75 workouts per week. Wait at least one day between two workouts. If you lift Mon/Wed/Fri, you\u2019ll have four rest days a week on Tue, Thu, Sat and Sun.", "Rest days are crucial to get results on this program. The weight stresses your body every workout. This triggers it to get stronger and build muscle mass so it can better cope with the weight next workout. But your body needs time to recover, gain strength and add muscle.", "Workouts also cause fatigue. They increase your strength, fitness and endurance in the long-term. But in the short-term they tire your body, muscles and mind. You need rest days to start your next workout fresh. Otherwise you can\u2019t lift more weight than you did last time.", "Doing two workouts in a row therefore doesn\u2019t work. Your legs will still be tired for Squats, shoulders still tired to press, back still tired to pull. Worse, you could still be sore from your last workout if it was hard. This will make you struggle to lift more weight. You\u2019ll miss reps and plateau.", "Your schedule may force you to workout two days in a row. Once in a while is fine but every week will hurt your progress. If it\u2019s the only way, spread the workouts as much as possible \u2013 one early in the morning, the other late in the evening the next day. This gives your body more recovery time.", "Rest days doesn\u2019t mean bed rest. You can do any physical activity as long as it doesn\u2019t hurt your recovery by causing more fatigue. A walk or light jog is fine. A marathon is not. Avoid high intensity activities where you go all out. Give priority to the weights and you\u2019ll make better progress.", "This means if you\u2019re used to go by bike to work, it\u2019s probably okay to keep doing it even on your rest days. Your body is already used to it. Your legs might actually recover faster because this flushes blood and nutrients in your legs. If you never biked to work, probably a bad idea to start now.", "Increase the weight on every exercise where you did five reps on every set last workout. So if you Squatted five reps with 100kg/220lb on all five sets, then Squat 102.5kg/225lb next workout. It doesn\u2019t matter if you failed on other exercises. You did 5\u00d75 Squats. So add weight to it.", "Here are the increments to use:", "Squat: 2.5kg/5lb \u2013 that\u2019s one plate of 1.25kg/2.5lb on both sides of the bar.", "Bench/OHP/Row: 2.5kg/5lb. But smaller increments of 1kg/2lb work even better. Especially if you\u2019re small or female. You\u2019ll progress longer without missing reps and plateauing.", "Deadlift: 5kg/10lb \u2013 that\u2019s 2.5kg/5lb on both sides of the bar. Deadlifts use big muscles so you can handle more. Once you Deadlift 100kg/220lb, switch to 2.5kg/5lb per workout.", "Some gyms don\u2019t have small plates of 1.25kg/2.5lb to add 2.5kg/5lb each workout. Ask them to get a pair or buy your own set. Put it in your gym bag and take it with you every time. Small plates take no space and weigh little. They\u2019ll help you progress longer without hitting plateaus.", "What doesn\u2019t work is to add 2.5kg/5lb only on one side of the bar. This shifts the center of gravity. You\u2019ll have to adjust your grip to make up for it, then adjust it again when the bar is loaded evenly. This is asking for bad form, uneven loading of your body, and injury. Just get small plates.", "What also doesn\u2019t work is to add 5kg/10lb per workout (2.5kg/5lb per side). It works for a while on SQ/DL but not long. And it only works a few workouts on Bench/OHPress. The jump in weight is too big so you\u2019ll quickly miss reps, plateau and get frustrated. Compare:", "Adding 5lb to a 500lb Squat is a 1% increment", "Adding 5lb to a 200lb Squat is a 2.5% increment \u2013 2.5x more", "Adding 5lb to a 100lb Overhead Press is a 5% increment \u2013 5x more", "Adding 10lb to a 100lb Overhead Press is a 10% increment \u2013 10x more", "Adding 2.5lb to a 100lb Overhead Press is a 2.5% increment", "Adding 1lb to a a 100lb Overhead Press is a 1% increment", "The less weight you lift, the harder to add 5kg/10lb each workout. You can do it on SQ/DL for a while because they use big muscles (legs, back). The weight is heavier as a result. But Bench/OHP use small muscles (chest, shoulders, arms). The weight is lower which makes big jumps harder.", "This is why dumbbells don\u2019t work for this program. They usually go up by 2kg/5lb. This forces you to add 4kg/10lb per workout since you hold one in each hand. Moving from 50lb to 60lb dumbbells is a 20% increase. This is too much, too soon. It makes you miss reps and plateau.", "It\u2019s easier to progress without hitting a plateau than to have to break one. Small plates delay plateaus. So get a pair of 1.25kg/2.5lb. Then get fractional plates of 0.5kg/1lb too so you can microload on the Bench/OHP by adding only 1kg/2lb per workout. The lighter you are, the more you need this.", "The program progresses faster when using kg than lb. This is because the default increment of 2.5kg equals 5.51lb. So if you use kg like me, you\u2019ll Squat 7.5kg/16.5lb more in 12 weeks than the guy using lb. This is fine for SQ/DL. But you\u2019ll need to microload sooner on Bench and OHPress.", "The first two weeks you can add 10kg/20lb on SQ/DL, 5kg/10lb on BP/OHP/Row. This accelerates your progress when the empty bar feels too easy to start with. But lower the increments before you struggle to get your reps. Remember avoiding plateaus is easier than needing to break them.", "Some workouts will be so hard it will seem impossible to get 5\u00d75 next time with more weight. But remember each workout makes you stronger. So stick to the progression and increase the weight anyway. You\u2019ll be surprised how often the next workout turns out to be easier.", "Starting Weights", "Start light so your body can get used to Squatting, pressing and pulling three times a week. Focus on lifting with proper form meanwhile. This will prepare you for the heavy weights later.", "Starting too heavy will cause soreness. You\u2019ll feel like skipping your next workout which is usually the beginning of the end. One skipped workout often turns into two skipped workouts. Now you have to restart and lost a week. This ruins your motivation and usually ends the program.", "Some guys will start too heavy on Squats, because they\u2019re used to cycling or running. But this is irrelevant. The range of motion is smaller on cycling/running vs Squats. Your legs will sore if you start too heavy on Squats, even if you\u2019re used to do triathlons or ironman.", "Starting too heavy also causes plateaus. If you start with your five rep max today, you can\u2019t lift more two days later\u2026 and another two days later. You\u2019ll miss reps, get sore and end stuck. Your starting weight must be light so you have room to easily add weight for several workouts.", "The misconception is thinking light weights don\u2019t build strength and muscle. Of course lifting heavy is better. And you\u2019ll work towards that with StrongLifts 5\u00d75. But lighter weights trigger your body to gain strength and muscle too. You don\u2019t need to lift your absolute max every time.", "The other issue with starting too heavy is that it encourages bad form. Instead of practicing proper form with easy weight, you must lift it at all costs to get your reps. This builds bad technique habits which will cause plateaus and injuries later when the weight gets even heavier.", "Starting heavy is trying to accelerate your progress. You think it will make you stronger faster. But it doesn\u2019t because you end up missing reps, getting sore, skipping workouts and having to restart with lower weights. You\u2019ll think the program doesn\u2019t work and feel like quitting.", "Remember the fable of the rabbit losing the race to a turtle. You don\u2019t want to be the rabbit who starts heavy, gets sore/stuck, and then has to restart. You want to be like the turtle \u2013 starting light, adding weight steadily, and getting there faster by avoiding soreness and plateaus on the way.", "Your starting weights depend on your strength and experience. Download my spreadsheets and apps, they\u2019ll calculate your starting weights for you. Here\u2019s the basic idea\u2026", "If you\u2019ve done these exercises before, with proper form, then start with 50% of your max. So if you can Squat 5x100kg/220lb, start with 50kg/110lb. This will be easy but within two months you\u2019ll be Squatting 110kg/245lb for 5\u00d75 \u2013 more than you started with.", "If you\u2019ve never done these exercise or haven\u2019t lifted in years, then start with the empty bar. You may look ridiculous for a while, but the weight will increase each workout. Within three months you\u2019ll be Squatting 100kg/220lb for 5\u00d75 \u2013 more than most people.", "Deadlift and Barbell Row you don\u2019t start with the empty bar. You can\u2019t do these exercises with the bar in the air. Each rep must start from the floor. Start with 40kg/95lb on DL and 30kg/65lb on Row (bar weight included). Use full diameter plates so the bar starts at your mid-shin on each rep.", "If the empty bar is too heavy to start with, then use a lighter bar. This is a common issue with females who have less upper-body strength. Use the 5kg/10lb bar or two light dumbbells. Add weight each workout. The program will get you stronger. Switch to the bar when you can lift 20kg/45lb.", "If the starting weight is too light, you can fix that by using bigger increments for a couple of workouts. Instead of adding only 2.5kg/5lb, add 5kg/10lb or maybe even 10kg/20lb on SQ/DL. Switch back to the recommended increments once the weights becomes more challenging.", "Understand you gain little by starting heavy since the weights increase fast anyway. What you lose is time spent working on proper form with lighter weights. This turns into a huge advantage when the weights get heavy. So be conservative with your starting weights.", "If you make the mistake of starting too heavy, you should go to the gym anyway for your next workout, but lower the weights.", "Do several lighter warmup sets before your heavy work sets. Warmup with the empty bar. Add 10-20kg/25-45lb and do your next warmup set. Repeat until you reach your work weight.", "Warming up increases how much you can lift while decreasing the risk of injury. The warmup sets raise the temperature of your muscles and lubricate your joints. They also give you form practice before lifting heavy. And they prepare you mentally for the heavy weights to come.", "Never jump into your heavy work sets without warming up first. The weight will feel heavier and you\u2019ll miss reps more. Worse, you can injure yourself because your muscles are cold and you didn\u2019t get to practice proper form. Always warmup by doing several lighter sets first.", "Cardio pre-workout isn\u2019t enough. It raises your body\u2019s temperature but doesn\u2019t let you practice proper form. You must still do lighter warmup-sets. Also, too much cardio pre-workout will pre-exhaust your legs for Squats. Skip the cardio and do lighter warmup sets \u2013 it will save you time.", "The proper way to warmup is to start with two sets of five with the empty bar. Add 10-20kg/25-45lb and do your next warmup set for 2-3 reps. Keep adding weight until you reach your work weight. Don\u2019t rest between warmup sets to keep your workouts shorts. Only rest after the last one.", "If your work weight is the empty bar, then you don\u2019t need to warmup yet. The weight is too light to get injured plus doing extra sets could tire you out. If you insist on warming up, then do 2\u00d75 body-weight Squats first. For BP/OHP you can warmup by doing 2\u00d75 with a lighter bar or two dumbbells.", "Deadlift and Barbell Rows need less warmup because they\u2019re the last exercise. You\u2019re already warmed up by that point. Plus the starting weight can\u2019t be the empty bar because the weight has to start from the floor. So you\u2019re never warming up with the empty bar on Deadlift and Barbell Row.", "The StrongLifts app has a built-in warmup calculator that gives you the exact sets, reps and weights to warmup with. It gives you this for every exercise and weight. You need StrongLifts Pro to gain access to it, but you\u2019ll see that this feature alone is worth the price.", "Or you can use one of those free warmup calculators online. But they all suck. The mistake they make is to make you do five warmup sets regardless of how heavy your work weight is. Weaker people end up doing too many warmup sets while stronger people don\u2019t get enough. Examples\u2026", "100lb Squat \u2013 5x45lb, 5x45lb, 5x45lb, 3x60lb, 2x80lb, 5\u00d75 100lb. Terrible \u2013 you lifted 1015lb before you even started. Too many sets, too close weight jumps. This wastes strength. My app \u2013 5x45lb, 5x45lb, 3x65lb, 5\u00d75 100lb. That\u2019s 41% less volume yet you\u2019re warmed up fine. Don\u2019t be surprised to fail on Overhead Press from doing too many warmup sets.", "300lb Squat \u2013 5x45lb, 5x45lb, 5x120lb, 3x180lb, 2x240lb, 5\u00d75 300lb. Too big jumps of 60-75lb, too little sets. 300lb will feel heavy because you\u2019re not warmed up properly. My app \u2013 5x45lb, 5x45lb,5x95lb, 5x135lb, 3x185lb, 2x225lb, 1x265lb, 5\u00d75 300lb. More sets but you\u2019re stronger so you can take it without getting tired. Smaller weight jumps. Try it.", "This means the warmup calculator in my app is different. It gives you less warmup sets if your work weight is light so you don\u2019t get tired for your work sets. But it gives you more warmup sets if your work weight is heavy so you don\u2019t end up taking too big jumps. This is more effective.", "Warming up makes your workout longer. The stronger you are, the heavier your work weight, and the more warmup sets. Keep your workouts short by not resting between warmup sets. This will give you a good sweat without getting you too tired since the warmup weights are light.", "The only exception is your last warmup set. Rest before doing your first work set. This way you have full ATP available before doing that heavy set. On your other warmup sets, just add weight and go. Use the warmup rest timer in our app \u2013 it tells you how long to wait so you can focus on lifting.", "Respect your warmup sets by lifting them like your heavy sets. Your workout doesn\u2019t start when your 5\u00d75 weight is on the bar. Your workout starts with your warmup. Put the same focus and effort into them. If you do it right. your heavy work sets will feel easier.", "If 1\u00d75 Deadlifts doesn\u2019t feel enough, warmup by doing sets of five reps instead of 2-3 reps. This gives you more reps to practice proper form. It also increases how much Deadlifts you do. But it avoids the stress of doing 5\u00d75 Deadlifts with heavy weight on each set.", "You don\u2019t need to take a rest week every 12 weeks. StrongLifts 5\u00d75 includes plenty of breaks already with the four rest days a week. You also get breaks from lifting heavy when you deload after hitting a plateau. All of this takes care of your recovery. So keep lifting and adding weight.", "That said, if you train three times a week, 45 weeks a year, then a week off here and there won\u2019t hurt. This is the 80/20 rule aka Pareto\u2019s Principle. I usually take a week off training when going on holiday with family or friends. It never hurts my gains because I\u2019m consistent the rest of the year.", "You don\u2019t lose much strength if you eat properly and stay active during your break. You can actually come back stronger from the extra rest. You should be able to continue where you left off. But don\u2019t hesitate to lower the weight by maybe 10% to ease back into things and avoid soreness.", "Different case if you spent a week partying, drinking alcohol, eating crap and barely sleeping. It will suck when you come back \u2013 talking from experience. Lower the weight more to make it easier on yourself. Or maybe not\u2026 to teach yourself a lesson and not do it again next time\u2026", "It\u2019s crucial that you get back to the gym as soon as possible after your break. If you come back from holidays on Sunday, you should be back in the gym on Monday. You already had a week off. You don\u2019t want it to take another week as it makes your come back harder. Don\u2019t think about it, just go.", "I usually train between Christmas and New Year. But if your gym changes its opening hours, you can either do your workout in advance or skip it for once. Again, what you do between Christmas and New Year doesn\u2019t matter. It\u2019s what you do between New Year and Christmas that does.", "Travelling a lot for work is tougher. You\u2019ll have to train or you\u2019ll miss too many workouts. I usually go to the local Crossfit gym. Every city has one and they have all the equipment you need. Just pay the open gym drop-in fee. Don\u2019t bother with hotel gyms, they usually suck.", "By the way \u2013 skipping a workout is not a break. Breaks you plan in advance \u2013 \u201cI have a holiday coming up, I won\u2019t train\u201d. Skipping a workout usually happens in the moment \u2013 \u201cI don\u2019t feel like it today, screw it\u201d. Regular breaks are fine. Skipping workouts isn\u2019t \u2013 it\u2019s rationalizing laziness.", "Note that the StrongLifts app will tell you how much weight to start with after your break. It keeps track of how long you haven\u2019t trained and then recommends appropriate weight reductions. This prevents missed reps and soreness after your break. Download it here.", "Goals give you direction. They remind you of what you need to do to get where you want to be. They eliminate distractions by keeping you focused on what matters. Set SMART strength goals\u2026", "Specific: no vague \u201cget stronger\u201d but specific exercises \u2013 Squat, Bench, etc", "Measurable: no vague \u201cincrease my Squats\u201d but the exact amount \u2013 300lb Squat", "Achievable: you can\u2019t gain 30lb muscle in three months, the natural limit is 2lb/month", "Realistic: don\u2019t expect to look like Arnold and break world records after only six months", "Time-bound: set a deadline for your goals (birthday, end of the year, competition, etc)", "Here are some SMART strength goals you should set\u2026", "Squat 100kg/220lb 140kg/300lb 160kg/350lb 180kg/400lb", "Bench Press 80kg/175lb 100kg/220lb 110kg/240lb 120kg/265lb", "Deadlift 140kg/300lb 180kg/400lb 200kg/440lb 225kg/500lb", "Overhead Press 45kg/100lb 60kg/135lb", "70kg/155lb 80kg/175lb", "Barbell Row 70kg/155lb 90kg/200lb 100kg/220lb 110kg/240lb", "Time-frame 1-6 months 4-12 months 6-18 months 1-2 years", "These goals are all one rep maxes aka 1RMs. Powerlifting and weightlifting competition use 1RMs to compare strength between lifters and determine winners. Your 1RM is about 20kg/45lb heavier than your 5\u00d75. You can test it every six months if you\u2019re curious but don\u2019t have to.", "You can reach the beginner level with StrongLifts 5\u00d75. All it takes is going to the gym three times a week and doing the work. You can also reach the Intermediate I level with StrongLifts 5\u00d75. But you\u2019ll usually have to switch to 3\u00d75/3\u00d73/1\u00d73 to break through plateaus and get there.", "Beyond that most people need to switch to more advanced training programs like Madcow 5\u00d75. You also need more dedication \u2013 eating right, eating plenty, sleeping enough, perfecting technique, being consistent, etc. Not everyone is willing to put in the time and effort, so not everyone gets there.", "This doesn\u2019t mean you should switch to a new training program when you reach these strength goals. You switch program when your current one stops working. As long as the weight increases over time, keep going \u2013 even if you\u2019ve reached these strength goals. If it ain\u2019t broke, don\u2019t fix it.", "Age and body-weight impact time-frames. Young guys progress faster \u2013 more testosterone. Big guys progress faster too \u2013 they have bigger muscles. Old guys progress slower because of their slower recovery. Females progress slower due to less testosterone and smaller body-weights.", "Just try to improve. Most guys can easily reach the intermediate I level in 12 months. This will make you stronger than 80% of people. The strength you\u2019ll build will add muscle mass to your frame at a rate of 2lb/month on average. So that is an extra 24lb of lean muscle in a year.", "Note that you\u2019re unlikely to have constant lineair progress. In the beginning you will. Yet as the weight increases you\u2019ll eventually hit plateaus. Everyone does or we would all Squat 500kg. But some people hit plateaus sooner than others. This explains the range for the time-frames.", "Break your goals into mini-goals. Before you can Squat 400lb, you first have to Squat 350lb, 300lb, 265lb and 220lb. Focus on your next step instead of looking at the top of the mountain. Your main goal will look easier to achieve and you can check your progress on your way. Some ideas\u2026", "Relative Strength. Set multiples of your body-weight as goals. Let\u2019s say you weigh 80kg/175lb. 1xbw = 80k5/175lb Squat, 1.5x = 120kg/260lb. You can aim for 1x, 1.5x, 2x, 2.5x, 3x, etc.", "Plates. Set \u201cbig boy plates\u201d as goals. One big plate 20kg/45lb plates on each side of the bar on the Squat first. Then two big plates, then three and then four.", "Total. Squat 350lb, Bench 220lb and Deadlift 430lb to join the 1000lb club. Squat 140kg, Bench 100kg and Deadlift 160kg to join the 400kg club. Create your own clubs.", "Consistency. Three workouts a week for 12 weeks. Check the calendar in the app. Aim for three red circles every week on the same days for as long as possible.", "I recommend you set the Intermediate I goal by this day next year. Set the Beginner goals for within the next six months. Set the consistency goals too. Now print this and hang it somewhere you\u2019ll see your goals daily \u2013 on your fridge, bathroom, home gym, whatever. Then do the work.", "Failed Reps", "Failure is part of the game. You can\u2019t add weight every workout forever. Everyone plateaus eventually or this would be too easy. Failing reps isn\u2019t the end of the world, and doesn\u2019t make you a failure.", "Sometimes you fail reps because you\u2019re having a bad day. You didn\u2019t sleep well last night. You didn\u2019t eat enough today. You had a long day at work. Your mind isn\u2019t into it. You feel sick. It happens. What matters is that you show up anyway. Do your best today, you\u2019ll do better next workout.", "Sometimes you fail reps because you\u2019ve been making mistakes for a while. You got away with it when the weights were light. But now that they\u2019re heavier they\u2019re making you fail. The usual mistakes are rushing through your workouts, trying to accelerate progress, and not recovering properly\u2026", "Short Rest Times. Not recovering fully from the last set == more fail.", "Big Increments. Adding too much weight every workout == more fail.", "Bad Warmups. Doing too little warmup sets, too many, or none at all == more fail.", "Bad Form. Bad bar paths and not engaging maximum muscle mass == more fail.", "Skipped Workouts. Can\u2019t trigger growth if you don\u2019t lift consistently == more fail.", "Doing Too Much. Overdoing cardio/assistance hinders recovery == more fail.", "Lack of Sleep. Sleeping too little hours hinders recovery == more fail.", "Lack of Food. Eating like a bird hinders recovery == more fail.", "Some people start looking for a new program when they fail reps. They think this one must be broken. The ones who get the strongest don\u2019t give up on a program that easily. They also take their technique, nutrition, and sleep more seriously. They consider it part of their training \u2013 because it is.", "This is a lot of work. But unless you\u2019re a genetic freak or on drugs, you\u2019re going to have to work hard. In fact, the stronger and more muscular you want to be, the more time and effort you have to put into this. If you don\u2019t, you\u2019ll fail reps\u2026 and then your lifts, strength and muscle mass can\u2019t increase.", "So if you\u2019ve been eating one meal a day, sleeping five hours a night, doing cardio six times a week, adding 5kg/10lb per workout, resting only 30sec between sets, not warming up properly, and skipping workouts\u2026 then don\u2019t be surprised to fail reps. Fix all of that instead of switching program.", "Anyway, the first thing you do when you fail a set is to rest longer. Rack the bar and wait at least five minutes before doing your next set. Your ATP stores must be fully recovered otherwise you\u2019ll fail reps again. This is not cardio but strength training. Rest longer so you can lift heavy.", "Use the built-in rest timer in my app. Let\u2019s say you missed the third rep on the third set. Mark it as two reps done by tapping on the set circle several times in a row (the reps will decrease). The app will recommend you to rest longer before doing your next set so you get fives this time.", "Double-check your equipment is set to catch the bar if you fail on the Squat or Bench Press. You don\u2019t want the weight to be even harder by worrying about injury during your set. Squat and Bench in the Power Rack. Set the safety pins at the proper height so they can catch the bar if you fail.", "If you\u2019re afraid of failing, practice it a couple of times. Rock climbers make beginners drop off the wall so they feel the safety of the rope. You want to feel the safety of the Power Rack. Squat down, come back up, then fail mid-way. Let the pins catch the bar. This builds your confidence.", "Failing reps ends the set. If you miss the third rep on the third set, don\u2019t try to get the fourth and fifth reps later. Rack the weight, rest five minutes and then do your fourth set. Then rack the weight again, rest, and do your fifth set. It doesn\u2019t matter if you fail to get five reps \u2013 you do five sets max.", "The only exception is if you failed because you lost focus or balance. Let\u2019s say this made you miss the third rep on your third set. But then on your fourth and fifth set you get 5 reps. Here you can do a sixth set of five reps to replace your failed set where you only got two reps.", "Never lower the weight mid-workout to get five reps more easily. You\u2019ve already lifted that weight for sets of five last time. You can already do it. You now want your body to lift heavier weight. You need to lift that weight for that. So stick with it and try again.", "Don\u2019t cheat when you fail reps. Don\u2019t start doing half Squats and half Bench Presses. Keep the range of motion the same on every rep and set. The weight can only increase because you got stronger. Not because you moved the bar over a smaller distance than before.", "Same idea on the other exercises. Don\u2019t start using your knees on the Overhead Press \u2013 that\u2019s a Push Press and takes work away from your shoulder muscles. Don\u2019t start bouncing on Deadlifts and Rows either \u2013 it also takes work away by using the rebound of the plates against the floor.", "Don\u2019t let your form deteriorate to get the five reps at all costs. Maybe you can get the rep if you let your back round, your elbows flare or your knees cave in. But you\u2019re increasing the risk of injury. And you\u2019re building bad technique habits. Your form should be 80% perfect on your heavy sets.", "Switch to smaller increments of 1kg/2lb per workout on the Overhead and Bench Press well before you start failing. Get small plates so you can microload and avoid plateaus. Same on Squats \u2013 don\u2019t add more than 2.5kg/5lb per workout or you\u2019ll fail reps sooner.", "Repeat the weight next workout for every exercise where you failed reps on. So if you only got three reps on the last two sets of Squats with 100kg/220lb, you Squat 100kg/220lb again next workout. You don\u2019t increase your Squat weight because you didn\u2019t get five reps on all five sets.", "You do increase the weight on every exercise where you did get five reps on every set. Let\u2019s say you fail on the Squat but don\u2019t on the Bench Press and Barbell Row. Don\u2019t increase your Squat weight next workout \u2013 repeat it. But add weight on Bench and Rows since you got 5\u00d75 there.", "If you don\u2019t get it, just use my app. It tells you how much weight to lift next workout when you fail. It repeats the weight on the exercises you fail only while increasing it on the exercises you succeed. If you get 5\u00d75 next time, it then starts adding weight again. Download it here.", "You\u2019ll first fail on the exercises that use smaller muscles. Overhead Press first, then Bench Press, then Squat, and finally Deadlift. If you fail in a different order, your form is off. If you fail reps during the first 12 weeks, you started too heavy, you\u2019re adding too much weight, resting too little, etc", "Deloads", "Deload if you fail to get five reps on every set for three workouts in a row. Lower the weight by 10% on that exercise next workout. Then add weight every workout again. It will take several workouts to get back to the weight you got stuck on. But this time you\u2019ll succeed thanks to the deload.", "Example \u2013 you failed to Squat 100kg/220lb for 5\u00d75 three workouts in a row. You missed reps on one or several sets for three workouts. Next time you Squat don\u2019t try to get 5\u00d75 with 100kg/220lb again. Deload instead. Lower the weight by 10% on Squats and do 90kg/200lb for 5\u00d75 next workout.", "Only deload on the exercise you failed. So if you fail to Squat 5\u00d75 but did 5\u00d75 on Bench and Row, then only deload on Squat. And if you fail three workouts in a row on Squat, but only failed one workout on Bench, then deload on Squat but repeat the weight on the Bench Press.", "You can also deload if you have bad form. If you can\u2019t improve it at the current weight, and adding weight continues to make it worse, then take a step back. Deload 10% to work on your form.", "Add weight every workout after the deload. It will take five workouts to get back to that 100kg/220lb Squat. During those two weeks the weight will feel easy. Take your deload seriously though \u2013 lift the weight as if it was 100kg/220lb. When you get back to that weight, you\u2019ll get your fives this time.", "If you\u2019re confused about how to deload, just use my app. It automatically deloads the weight for you when you fail three workouts on an exercise. This saves you having to figure this out and maybe do it wrong. Let the app do the thinking and focus on lifting the weights instead.", "Deloads work by giving your body extra rest to get stronger for the next weight. There will be times on StrongLifts 5\u00d75 where the weight will stress your body more than it can handle. You\u2019ll fail because you won\u2019t be recovered in time for the next workout with heavier weight. Deloads fix that.", "Deloads also prevent mental plateaus. Instead of keep hitting against that brick wall, you stop trying after three failed workouts. Lower the weight instead and work your way up again. The weights will be easy for several workouts. This will build momentum and bring your motivation back.", "What deloads don\u2019t solve is failed reps caused by undertraining or bad recovery. Failed reps mean you\u2019re not strong enough for that weight yet. There are two reasons why this could happen\u2026", "Undertraining. You\u2019re not stressing your body enough to trigger it to get stronger. Example: you\u2019re skipping workouts or exercises. Your lifts can\u2019t increase if you barely do them. The stimulus has to be there for your body to gain strength and muscle.", "Overtraining. You stressed your body more than it can handle (by starting too heavy or adding too much weight). Or you\u2019re not recovering well between workouts \u2013 if you barely eat or sleep, your body can\u2019t recover from that stress. So it can\u2019t get stronger and lift more.", "Do your workouts and exercises consistently to trigger your body to get stronger. Take small weight jumps so your body can handle the stress. And get enough food and sleep so your body can recover from that stress. If you don\u2019t, the deload won\u2019t be effective \u2013 you\u2019ll keep failing.", "3\u00d75/3\u00d73/1\u00d73", "Switch to three sets of five reps (3\u00d75) when progress on 5\u00d75 stops. Switch to three sets of three reps (3\u00d73) when progress on 3\u00d75 stops. Switch to one heavy set of three reps followed by two lighter back-off sets (1\u00d73) when progress on 3\u00d73 stops. Don\u2019t do endless deloads so you can stick with 5\u00d75.", "5\u00d75 doesn\u2019t work forever. Nothing does. The stronger you get, the heavier the weights you can lift, and thus the bigger the stress of each 5\u00d75 workout. That stress eventually becomes too big for your body to recover from by the next workout. You don\u2019t get stronger in time so you fail reps.", "Deloads give you extra rest to break plateaus. But they don\u2019t decrease the bigger stress from lifting bigger weights. This is why no one can do 5\u00d75 forever. The heavier the weights you can lift, the more stress on your body, the more recovery needed. Your training must change to handle this.", "In this case, deload and switch to 3\u00d75. The last two sets on 5\u00d75 are the hardest ones. You\u2019re already tired from doing three sets. Doing two more sets of five is grueling once you\u2019re lifting heavy weights. That\u2019s when you drop those sets and do 3\u00d75 instead \u2013 three sets of five reps.", "By switching to 3\u00d75 you can increase the weight every workout again. You no longer have to repeat the weight or deload because you\u2019re not failing on the last two sets anymore. Your body recovers better with those two grueling sets gone. And your workout takes less time again.", "This is one way to know if it\u2019s time to switch from 5\u00d75 to 3\u00d75. If your workouts are taking two hours because you have to rest 10mins between sets to get 5\u00d75\u2026 you\u2019re probably overdoing it. Don\u2019t get stubborn about sticking with 5\u00d75. Switch to 3\u00d75 so you can continue to make progress.", "The workouts will be easier after you switch to 3\u00d75. It will feel like a long deload. But the weights will increase every workout. So you\u2019ll run into the same problem eventually. The stress from the now even heavier weights at 3\u00d75 will be too much for your body to handle again. You\u2019ll fail to get five reps.", "Deload and switch to 3\u00d73 \u2013 three sets of three reps. You can\u2019t get five reps on every set anyway so just do three. Then add weight every workout again. It will be easier since you stopped failing. Plus the exercise stress is lower so your body recovers better between workouts.", "Eventually you\u2019ll fail on 3\u00d73 too. Deload and switch to 1\u00d73 \u2013 one heavy set of three reps followed by two lighter back-off sets with 5% less weight. You\u2019ll be able to add weight every workout again until you get stuck. That is when it\u2019s time to switch to a different training program.", "Use my app \u2013 it will tell you when to switch to 3\u00d75/3\u00d73/1\u00d73. Basically, if you fail three workouts in a row at 5\u00d75, deload. Fail three workouts in a row again, deload + switch to 3\u00d75. Three fails in a row at 3\u00d75, deload + switch to 3\u00d73. Three fails in a row at 3\u00d73, deload + switch to 1\u00d73.", "3\u00d75/3\u00d73/1\u00d73 doesn\u2019t apply to Deadlift because it\u2019s only 1\u00d75. Plus most people get stuck on Squats before Deadlifts \u2013 so you\u2019re unlikely to need to change strategy here. On Barbell Rows switching to 3\u00d75 can make sense but 3\u00d73/1\u00d73 probably not as it\u2019s more assistance work.", "Madcow 5\u00d75", "Madcow 5\u00d75 is the training program after StrongLifts 5\u00d75. It uses the same exercises and principles like progressive overload. The difference is the weight increases every week not every workout. When you\u2019re no longer making progress on StrongLifts 5\u00d75, switch to Madcow 5\u00d75.", "People often ask if I do StrongLifts 5\u00d75. I did years ago but can\u2019t now. My lifts are too heavy for it. I\u2019ve Squatted 147.5kg for 5\u00d75. This is almost twice my body-weight. There\u2019s no way my body can recover in time to Squat 150kg for 5\u00d75 two days later\u2026 and then 152.5kg another two days. I\u2019d fail.", "I wish I could still add weight every workout. But I need a slower progression to get stronger. I need to add weight every week. This gives my body more time to recover from the heavier weights stressing it. It gives it a week to get stronger and build muscle to lift heavier next time.", "This the principle of diminishing returns. Most people can take their Squat from 0 to 100kg/220lb in three to four months. But taking it to 400lb usually takes one to two years. At first you have newbie gains. But the stronger you become, the slower gaining additional strength is.", "This also means that what takes your Squat from 0 to 100kg usually won\u2019t take it to 180kg. Nothing works forever, not even StrongLifts 5\u00d75. As your strength increases and body changes, the only way to keep progressing is to move to a different training program \u2013 in this case Madcow 5\u00d75.", "Switch when you\u2019re stuck on StrongLifts 5\u00d75. Deload and switch to 3\u00d75/3\u00d73/1\u00d73 first. Be consistent, use proper form, warm up properly and rest enough between sets. Get plenty of sleep and food. Once you reach a point where you\u2019re not lifting more than last month, it\u2019s time to switch.", "Some want to know the exact weight to reach first. Can\u2019t say. It depends on your weight, age, form, nutrition, sleep, etc. Many people get their Squat over 140kg/300lb before switching to Madcow 5\u00d75. You should be able to get your Squat over 100kg/220lb at the very least.", "Don\u2019t switch to make it easier. Adding weight every week is easier than every workout. But it becomes hard too. Besides, this is meant to be hard. You need to stress your body for it to get stronger. That\u2019s hard work. But if you stick with it you get used to it. Working hard gets easier.", "Don\u2019t switch because you read crap about changing programs every 12 weeks to confuse muscles. StrongLifts 5\u00d75 confuses your muscles by using a different weight each workout \u2013 a heavier one. Changing programs all the time only confuses you because you don\u2019t learn what works.", "Some people get bored doing the same five exercises. The fun should be in the journey of improving yourself. But if you need variety \u2013 do one or two assistance exercises at the end your workouts here and there. Get your variety that way instead of changing programs.", "The main reason to not switch to Madcow 5\u00d75 is because progress is slower. It\u2019s silly to add weight every week when you could do so every workout. Add weight on the bar every workout as long as you have the ability to do so. For most people that is until they can almost Squat 140kg/300lb.", "Many people never get to Madcow 5\u00d75. They do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 six months, usually from January to August. Then they quit for the winter. In January they start StrongLifts 5\u00d75 again to regain all the strength and muscle lost. Not what I\u2019d do but if you\u2019re happy, fine.", "You don\u2019t need to get sore to get results on StrongLifts 5\u00d75. Soreness aka DOMS may happen. Pump may happen too. But they don\u2019t mean you\u2019re gaining more strength and muscle from your workouts. The only thing that matters is that the weight on the bar increases over time.", "You\u2019ll get sore if you start too heavy. Squats can cause leg soreness that lasts up to a week. It doesn\u2019t matter if you run a lot or play soccer. Those aren\u2019t Squats. Muscles must get used to new exercises. The best way is to ease them in by starting light and slowly adding weight", "Don\u2019t skip your workouts if you\u2019re sore. This will only make the soreness last longer. It will be worst two days after your workout, and can last up to seven days. If you wait for the soreness to be over, you\u2019ll miss a week of training. Bad start. Plus it hurts every time you move meanwhile.", "Instead, stick to your training schedule and do your workouts. The warmup sets will hurt. But by the time your work weight is on the bar, you\u2019ll hardly feel the soreness anymore. And your muscles will feel better after your workout. Don\u2019t believe me \u2013 give it a try next time you\u2019re sore.", "The reason this works is because lifting again moves blood into your sore muscles. Blood contains nutrients that accelerate recovery. This gets rid of the soreness faster. So if your legs are sore, try to do light Squats with the empty bar the next day. They\u2019ll feel better afterwards.", "Any other activity that moves blood into your sore muscles will also help \u2013 a good massage, a hot bath, sauna, hammam, etc. Make sure you also eat properly and drink plenty of water so you get all the nutrients to help with muscle recovery. And get your eight hours of sleep in.", "If your legs continue to be sore, lower the weight and work your way back up. This will give them a break so they can adapt to the frequency. And quit doing anything else that stresses your legs until the soreness is gone \u2013 temporarily drop the cardio, running, sports, etc. Do less.", "I rarely get sore from lifting. If I get sore it\u2019s because I did a new exercise. If I don\u2019t lift for two weeks, resume, and try to lift what I did before the break, I\u2019ll get sore. But outside of that it\u2019s rare. You\u2019re not training to failure on StrongLifts 5\u00d75 so soreness should be minimal.", "Your body converts food to energy \u2013 calories. It burns these calories to lift the weights, and recover from your workouts. Most guys need at least 3000kcal/day to gain strength and build muscle on StrongLifts 5\u00d75. Skinny guys with fast metabolisms may need to eat even more.", "Here\u2019s why: building muscle is low on your body\u2019s priority list. If there\u2019s a shortage of food, your body will use it for critical tasks first. So you can\u2019t recover well on a caloric deficit. And if you can\u2019t recover well, you can\u2019t add weight next workout. You miss reps which means you can\u2019t progress.", "Eating maintenance calories is better but not ideal. You\u2019re not trying to maintain your situation on StrongLifts 5\u00d75 after all. You\u2019re trying to improve it by gaining strength and muscle. Eating over maintenance ensures there\u2019s no food shortage that hinders recovery between workouts.", "Good calorie calculators will suggest guys 16kcal/lb for maintenance. If you weigh 75kg/165lb that\u2019s 2640kcal. But again, you\u2019re not trying to maintain but improve. And adding weight every workout is hard work. It therefore makes sense to eat more. This brings us to 3000kcal/day.", "If that number scares you, remember forms follows function. Your body changes in response to the work you do. It gets skinny, fat, and weak from a sedentary lifestyle. And it gets strong, muscular, and fit from lifting heavy\u2026 BUT ONLY IF you give your body the food it needs to train hard and recover.", "I know you don\u2019t want to get fat. Unfortunately it\u2019s hard to build muscle without gaining any fat. You have to eat more to build muscle. But you need to eat less to lose fat. These goals contradict. If you try doing both, you\u2019ll either end up eating too little to build muscle, or too much to lose fat.", "This is why bodybuilders traditionally alternate muscle gaining and fat loss phases. They eat more food during the bulk, but less food during the cut. This is the simplest way to build muscle without gaining fat that actually works\u2026 if you\u2019re not obese, haven\u2019t trained before, and don\u2019t use drugs.", "Obese guys can indeed build muscle while losing fat when they start lifting. Their bodies use their fat reserves to build muscle. They build strength and muscle faster without needing as much food. And since muscle is denser than fat, they end up looking slimmer at the same body-weight.", "People who have lifted before can also build muscle while losing fat. Thanks to muscle memory you can regain lost muscle and strength faster after a long break. If I quit lifting and resume a year later, I\u2019d rebuild strength and muscle faster than it took the first time \u2013 while leaning out.", "And if you use drugs or have great genetics, then you can do things that naturals and mere mortals can\u2019t. But most people who try to build muscle while losing fat end up spinning their wheels. They don\u2019t progress because there\u2019s too much food to lose fat but not enough to build muscle.", "You can get away with eating a caloric deficit the first weeks of StrongLifts 5\u00d75. If you start light, the weights will increase and you\u2019ll gain some muscle. But the heavier the weights get, the bigger the stress, and the bigger the recover need. You\u2019ll need to eat more to keep progressing.", "You won\u2019t like eating more if you\u2019re an ex-fatty who worked hard to lose fat. You\u2019ll be afraid to gain it back. Same if you have six pack abs \u2013 you\u2019ll be afraid to lose it if your body-fat increases from eating more. Unfortunately you can\u2019t have it all at the same time. You have to choose.", "Choose muscle. You can easily lose 1lb of fat a week later. But you can\u2019t gain more than 2lb of lean muscle a month. And you need to lift heavy to gain that much muscle. This requires eating a lot food. Besides, a low body-fat is useless if you don\u2019t build muscle mass first \u2013 you just end up skinny.", "Dedicate the next year to building strength and muscle. Your body-fat will decrease if you started out obese. If you started skinny with single digit body-fat, it will increase to lower double digits. But you can easily decrease it in one year after you\u2019ve added 24lb of lean muscle and Squat 300lb.", "You might actually not even need to decrease your body-fat later. I don\u2019t have single digit body-fat levels. Neither do most athletes. Yet my abs are visible. Bigger muscles stick out further. They can push through the fat under your skin. So they can show despite a higher body-fat percentage.", "Eat quality, nutrient-dense food. You need the vitamins and minerals to help recovery. The occasional junk meal is fine. But you should eat mostly quality food. Don\u2019t eat junk food all the time \u2013 it builds bad habits that will make you fat if you quit lifting. And it\u2019s bad for your health.", "You\u2019ll need to eat three to four meals a day to get your calories. For most people working 9 to 5 and training around 6, that will be breakfast, lunch, dinner and an extra pre-workout meal. Dinner is your post-workout meal. If you train in the morning, eat first so you can train harder.", "Every meal should have vegetables. A lot of vegetables. Think half a plate. The rest should be a good source of protein with carbs and good fats. Example is chicken with broccoli, tomato, avocado and a big potato. Eat a fruit for desert and you\u2019ve hit all your macro and micronutrients to gain.", "Protein is the main muscle building nutrient. Your body uses protein to build new muscle. It also uses protein to repair damaged muscle tissue after your workouts. You need about 0.82g of protein per pound of body-weight (1.8g/kg). That\u2019s about 126g of protein if you\u2019re 70kg/154lb.", "If you\u2019re obese, your daily protein requirement may look too high with that formula. Use your lean body mass instead (without the fat). If you have a normal weight there will be little difference between your body-weight and lean body mass. Just use 0.82g/lb in that case.", "Protein shakes can be tempting. They take less time to prepare, and are cheap. But they don\u2019t keep you full long. And real food contains tons of micro-nutrients on top of just the protein. You need the minerals and vitamins to help recovery, as well as fiber to improve digestion.", "Most of your protein should therefore come from real food. If you eat like an omnivore this is easy. Eat some meat, chicken, fish or eggs with every meal. A 250g/8oz steak for lunch will provide you with 50g of protein, which is almost a third of your daily required intake.", "Your body uses water to cool you down through sweat during workouts. It also uses water for muscle recovery from your workouts. About 70% of your body is water. Your body uses it for every process. Not drinking water is therefore like not putting oil in your car \u2013 it can\u2019t function effectively.", "Dehydration causes strength loss, joint pain, stiff muscles, tiredness and constipation. Headaches are a common symptom. Think of hangovers the day after drinking alcohol \u2013 it dehydrates. Many people get headaches because they\u2019re dehydrated. Drinking more water often fixes that.", "The usual advice is to drink 8x8oz or 3 liters of water a day. But this is aimed at the average sedentary joe. You lift weights and sweat. You need to drink more to replace the water lost during workouts. And the warmer the season or place where you lift, the more water you need to drink.", "Remember you don\u2019t just want to avoid dehydration. You want to optimize for maximum strength and muscle gains. Your body has more critical uses for water than your muscles. An abundant intake of water ensures that you recover well between workouts and function effectively.", "Waiting until you\u2019re thirsty is usually too late. Better is to pay attention to the color of your urine. It should be clear through the day (unless you take vitamin B). You\u2019ll pee more at first but your bladder will adapt to drinking more. Plus going to the toilet will stop you from sitting for hours non-stop.", "I start my days by drinking two glasses of water. I always take a bottle of water with me to the gym, and sip on it during my workout. When it\u2019s hot, it\u2019s usually empty by the end of the workout. I drink at least four liters of water a day \u2013 that\u2019s on top of the water I get from tea, fruits, vegetables, etc", "You may have a hard time with the taste of water, because you\u2019re used to soda. Stick with it to get used to it. You can add pieces of lemon to give the water taste if you want.", "Your body releases muscle building hormones like testosterone and growth hormone when you sleep. They help you recover from your workouts. Sleep eight hours a night to maximize recovery.", "Many people only sleep six hours a night. But this makes it harder to train hard. You feel more tired and less motivated. The weight feels heavier and more challenging. Getting through your workouts takes more out of you. You fail reps more which slows or stops your progress.", "Lack of sleep also hurts your recovery. You go through five stages when you sleep. Each cycle lasts about 90 minutes. Your body releases growth hormone during stage three and four. You get less cycles if you sleep six hours than eight. More cycles is more hormones is more recovery.", "Lack of sleep weakens your immune system. You\u2019re more likely to get sick and skip workouts. It also causes hunger and sugar cravings that make you fat. And people who sleep less are more likely to be obese \u2013 one simple reason is less time sleeping is more time you can spend eating.", "You can get away with sleeping less than eight hours some nights. I\u2019ve hit PRs on five hours of sleep. But the more nights you don\u2019t get enough sleep, the bigger the negative effects. Eventually you have to repay your sleep debt by sleeping an hour extra for every hour you didn\u2019t sleep.", "Keeping a sleep diary helps. I use the iPhone health app and bedtime alarm. Set your wake and bedtime so you have your eight hours of sleep. Your phone will notify you when it\u2019s time to sleep. Then track your average sleeping time in the health app. I\u2019m getting close to eight hours.", "Some other tips to help you improve your sleep so you recover better from your workouts\u2026", "Dark Bedroom. Your brain has a built-in clock that regulates your sleep. It\u2019s influenced by light. Get black-out curtains or a good eye-mask to tell your brain it\u2019s time to sleep.", "Stop Blue Light. TV, computers and phones emit blue light that keeps you awake. Don\u2019t use them in your bedroom. Enable nightshfit on iPhone and f.lux on your computer.", "Quiet Bedroom. Noise in the middle of the night disrupts your sleep and wakes you up. Shut your ears by wearing ear plugs. You can also use a fan or white noise generator.", "Cool Temperature. Your body\u2019s temperature drops when you sleep. Get your room to 18C/60F to help this. Turn off the heather and use blankets if needed instead.", "Good Mattress. Invest in quality \u2013 you\u2019re using it every day for hours. Mattresses usually wear out and sag after ten years. Renew them so you don\u2019t wake up with lower back pain.", "Good Pillow. Same idea \u2013 invest in quality stuff since you\u2019re using it every day. Get a good one that supports your neck so you don\u2019t get neck pain when you wake up.", "Avoid Coffee and Alcohol. Caffeine is a stimulant that keeps you awake. Avoid coffee, tea and chocolate before bedtime. Avoid alcohol too as it helps falling asleep but hurts sleep quality.", "Don\u2019t Drink Late. If you drink too much water before going to bed, you\u2019ll have to wake up to pee. Stop drinking two hours before you go to bed.", "Consistent Sleep. Avoid staying up late on weekends and then waking up early on weekdays. The is like getting a jetlag every Monday. Wake up at the same time each day.", "No Big Meals. It takes about three hours to digest food. Don\u2019t eat big meals before bedtime or you\u2019ll struggle to fall a sleep. Move dinner time earlier and eat light before bed.", "If you can take a nap before doing your workouts, do it. Especially if you had little sleep the night before, you\u2019ll feel more energized after the nap. But don\u2019t nap after 5pm or for longer than 30mins. Otherwise you\u2019ll struggle to fall a sleep at night, and get tired again for the next day.", "And relax. Psychological stress adds on top of the physical stress you get from lifting weights. Being anxious about the weights you\u2019re going to lift today ends up making that workout harder. Take several deep breaths before you do your set to calm yourself down.", "Assistance Work", "Assistance exercises target small muscles which grow more slowly like your arms, abs and calves. Some people like to add accessory work for these muscles on StrongLifts 5\u00d75.", "Assistance work isn\u2019t necessary. StrongLifts 5\u00d75 works every muscle by using compound exercises. Your arm muscles work to pull the weight on rows and push it on presses. They hold the bar on every exercise. Meanwhile your abs support your spine. And your calves stabilize you.", "You therefore don\u2019t need to add exercises to work these muscles directly. The 80/20 rule dictates that 80% of your results will come from Squats, Bench, Deadlifts, OHPress and Rows. These lifts work a lot of muscles with heavy weights. They therefore trigger overall muscle growth.", "But most people don\u2019t lift heavy. They try to make up for a lack of intensity with quantity. Thing is, the only way you can do 5-7 assistance exercises after the main ones is if you lift light. If you lifted heavy you\u2019d be too tired to do more than 1-2 extra exercises max.", "Besides, the more assistance exercises you do, the longer your workout takes. This makes it tempting to take shorter rest times between sets. But that makes it harder to lift heavy as already discussed. It ends up hurting your progress on the main exercises that trigger most growth.", "If you insist on adding assistance work, then at least wait until you\u2019ve done StrongLifts 5\u00d75 for eight weeks. Focus on increasing your strength on the main exercises. Chances are that you won\u2019t even want to do assistance work after that. Because you\u2019ll be happy with the muscle gains.", "Where\u2019s the arm work on StrongLifts 5\u00d75? It\u2019s everywhere if you can think past the absence of biceps curls and skullcrushers. Consider this\u2026", "Biceps. You pull the weight to you on Barbell Rows. Your arms bend like when doing curls. But your biceps lift heavier weights because they get help from your back muscles.", "Triceps. You push the bar away on Bench/OHPress. Your arms straighten like on skullcrushers. But your triceps lift heavier weights by getting help from your shoulders and chest muscles.", "Forearms. Your hands hold the bar on every exercise. Your forearms grip the bar hard so you don\u2019t lose it on Deadlifts. This works your forearm muscles with the heaviest weights.", "Your arm muscles also contract isometrically during Squats and Deadlifts. This is similar to how your lower back muscles contract during these lifts to keep your spine neutral. Your arms and back don\u2019t move but contract to keep the position. This makes them stronger and more muscular.", "That\u2019s why the guy who can bench 100kg/220lb five times has bigger ams than the one who can only bench 40kg/95lb. His muscles had to become stronger and bigger to lift the heavier weights. And since his arms hold and press the bar, they had to get stronger and bigger too.", "Now I\u2019m sure you can find someone who\u2019s strong but has skinny arms. You can also find guys with man boobs and girls who are flat-chested. But most women have bigger boobs than men. And most strong people have bigger muscles than weak people. You\u2019re unlikely to be the exception.", "Even if direct arm work was better, curling 100lb works your biceps muscles harder than 50lb. So if you strengthen your arms by doing heavy compound exercises, you\u2019ll be able to do those curls with heavier weights later. That allows you to work your biceps harder than before.", "The best assistance exercise for your biceps is the Chinup. It works them more than Rows because you grip the bar with your palms facing up. Your elbows start straight and bend like on biceps curls. But you also bend at the shoulder to pull your arm down \u2013 this engages your back.", "Chinups work more muscles than curls. That\u2019s why you can lift heavier weight on Chinups. Every rep forces you to lift your own body-weight. This is easily double what you\u2019d lift on a biceps curl. Chinups trigger more arm growth because they uses more muscle with more weight.", "Dips are the best assistance exercise for your triceps. Your arms straighten to lift the weight, like on skullcrushers. But you can engage your chest muscles. More muscles working is more weight you can lift. Dips trigger your triceps muscle to grow more than skullcrushers do.", "If you want extra arm work, add Dips to workout A and Chinups to workout B. Three sets is enough since the main exercises already work your arms. Your program will look like this\u2026", "StrongLifts 5x5 with Arm Work", "Dips 3x10 Chinups 3x10 Dips 3x10", "If you can\u2019t do a single Chinup or Dip, do three sets of as many reps as you can (don\u2019t use machines). Once you can do 10 reps, switch to 3\u00d75 and add 1kg/2lb each workout. My app will show you how to progress when you upgrade to StrongLifts Pro. Use it to save yourself having to think about all this.", "Give your body time to get used to the extra arm work before adding more. This way you can also see the impact adding Chinups and Dips has on your arm development. A good strength goal to aim for on Chinups and Dips is five reps with a big plate 20kg/45lb hanging from your waist.", "After that you can add direct arm work if needed. The best isolation exercises for your biceps and triceps are Barbell Curls and Skullcrushers. Barbell Curl with the same Olympic bar you use for the Squat and Deadlift. You can use the EZ bar for Skullcrushers but not for curls.", "Two sets is enough with all the work your arms already get. Eight reps is fine to get that pump you might be looking for (plus you\u2019ll get 16 reps total, close to the 15 on chinups/dips). It will also stop you from lifting too heavy \u2013 these are small muscles, and they\u2019re getting at ton of work already.", "Progress will be hard since these are isolation exercises and you\u2019re doing high reps. Just focus on doing the exercise correctly, with proper form, moving your muscles over the full range of motion. Straight arms at the bottom of curls, touch your nose with the bar at the top. Feel the muscle.", "StrongLifts 5x5 with More Arm Work", "Weighted Dips 3x5 Weighted Chinups 3x5 Weighted Dips 3x5", "Skullcrushers 2x8 Barbell Curls 2x8 Skullcrushers 2x8", "That\u2019s five exercises per workout now which increases your gym time. DO NOT train your arms on rest days! They need to recover from your last workout so you can press and pull heavier next workout. If you tire them further on your rest days, they can\u2019t recover and you\u2019ll fail reps next workout.", "The only rest day you could dedicate to arm work is Saturday if you train Mo/We/Fr. This gives your arms Sunday to recover and get stronger for your workout on Monday. Chinups and Dips first because they\u2019re compound exercises \u2013 you need to go heavy. Isolation at the end.", "StrongLifts 5x5 with Extra Arm Day", "Monday - workout A Wednesday - workout B Friday - workout A Saturday - workout C", "Squat 5x5 Squat 5x5 Squat 5x5 Chinups 3x5", "Bench Press 5x5 Overhead Press 5x5 Bench Press 5x5 Dips 3x5", "Barbell Row 5x5 Deadlift 1x5 Barbell Row 5x5 Barbell Curls 2x8", "Skullcrushers 2x8", "Don\u2019t be surprised if your legs turn bigger than your arms on StrongLifts 5\u00d75. They\u2019re supposed to. Your legs are large muscles. They\u2019ll grow faster and turn bigger than your arms. Don\u2019t get confused by the captain upper-bodies in your gym with big arms but skinny legs. They\u2019re the abnormal ones.", "Arm work is by itself not enough to get 45cm/18\u2033 arms. Let\u2019s say you\u2019re 60kg/135lb at 1m85/6\u20192\u2033 \u2013 where\u2019s the meat to increase the girth of your arm? Unless you\u2019re over-weight, you\u2019re going to have to eat up. Most people need to gain 5 to 7kg/10-15lb to gain an inch on their arms.", "The main function of your abdominal muscles is to support your spine. They contract to keep your spine neutral when you stand, move, Squat, Deadlift, etc. The heavier the weight you lift, the harder your abs must work to keep your spine neutral. This triggers your ab muscles to grow.", "Your abs may not be visible if a layer of fat covers them. Most guys need to lower their body-fat to 10% before they can see their abs. Endless situps and crunches does not burn fat locally. You have to lower your overall body-fat to see your abs. You do this mostly by improving your nutrition.", "But a low body-fat is useless if you don\u2019t have abs to show for in the first place. You have to build your ab muscles first. Better, lifting heavy can make your abs so strong and muscular, that they stick out more. They can then be visible even though you have more than 10% body-fat, like in my case.", "Keep in mind that there is no such thing as lower abs. Your lower and upper abs contract as a whole. If your lower abs are bulging out, it\u2019s either just fat or you have bad posture \u2013 standing with excess arch aka hyper-lordosis, usually from sitting too much. Learn to stand properly.", "Extra ab exercises aren\u2019t necessary on StrongLifts 5\u00d75. But if you want to add some, do hanging knee raises and prone bridges. Add one to each workout. Two sets of eight on the former. Sets of 30-60sec for the latter. Upgrade to StrongLifts Pro in my app and it will show you how to progress.", "Squats and Deadlifts work your calves \u2013 the muscles contract to straighten your ankles when you lift the weight. The range of motion is limited though compared to doing standing or seated calf raises. So it can make sense to add these exercises to give your calf muscles extra work.", "But it can be a waste of time if you have high calf muscle insertions. My calves muscles hang high in the top third of my lower leg. The bottom two thirds is all tendons and bones. The muscle bellies are strong and muscular. But nothing can make them hang lower. This creates a skinny look.", "If you choose to add assistance exercises for your calves to StrongLifts 5\u00d75, go hard and heavy. Your calves are used to a lot of stress from walking every day. You\u2019ll have to stress them harder than other muscles to trigger growth. Make sure you go heavy with the weights.", "And be realistic. If you have high calves like me, the muscles are unlikely to ever stick out from every direction like some guys. Heck, I\u2019ve dated a skinny girl who weighed only 45kg but had bigger calves than me despite not training. Like they say, if you want big calves, choose better parents.", "Best thing in that case is to get over it. If anyone sees you in shorts and makes fun of your calves, pull your shorts up and squeeze those big quad muscles you\u2019ve built with Squats. It will shut them up.", "Cardio helps fat loss by increasing the amount of calories you burn. Your body burns calories to fuel your cardio. But it also burns more calories for up to 48 hours after your cardio if you do HIIT. If the total calories you burn is higher than the calories you eat, you lose fat.", "But lifting weights is always more important than cardio. Many people try to lose fat by doing cardio only. They usually lose a ton of muscle and end up skinny-fat. Lifting weights prevents muscle loss and builds muscle. It makes you look better. It therefore has priority over cardio.", "Nutrition is also more important than cardio. Most people can\u2019t out-train a bad diet. One Big Mac has 540kcal while 30min cardio only burns 300kcal. Unless you can train for hours like an athlete, you can\u2019t burn enough calories to lose fat. You have to improve your nutrition as well.", "In fact, you don\u2019t need cardio to lose fat. You can create a caloric deficit by eating less while lifting weights. Cardio just allows you to eat maintenance calories while creating a deficit. Or it can create a bigger deficit to speed up fat loss. But you can get lean without doing any cardio. I don\u2019t do it.", "Some people insist on doing cardio anyway, so here are your options\u2026", "HIIT. High Intensity Interval Training. Alternate intense exercise with easy rest periods. Heart rate goes over 85% during intense bouts. Metabolism increases for up to 48 hours after HIIT. But it\u2019s hard to do it more than 20mins. Example of HIIT: interval sprints.", "LISS. Low Intensity Stead State cardio. Heart rate stays constant, between 60-85% max. You can do LISS longer because of the lower intensity. But your metabolism doesn\u2019t increase much afterwards. Example of LISS is riding the stationary bike for 45mins.", "Low Intensity. Anything where your heart rate stays below 65% of its max \u2013 like walking. It can be relaxing but it burns less calories due to the lower intensity. You can make up for that by walking longer but most people don\u2019t have the time for it. And there\u2019s no afterburn.", "LISS burns more calories. The intensity is higher than when walking. But it\u2019s lower than on HIIT so you can do it longer. The issue is that 45mins of LISS after lifting is hard \u2013 you\u2019re tired. And you can\u2019t do it on your off days because that\u2019s for recovery. So you probably won\u2019t do more than 30mins.", "HIIT is therefore better. It\u2019s hard to do it more than 20mins. But you burn more calories through EPOC aka the afterburn \u2013 your metabolism is higher for up to 48 hours after the cardio. Add a 5min warmup and 5min cool down and you have 30mins total, burning just as much as with 30mins LISS.", "The only problem with HIIT cardio is that it\u2019s hard. You have to push yourself to get the most out of it. This also makes HIIT cardio harder to recover from. If you try to do this every day, it will hinder your recovery. You won\u2019t make good progress on StrongLifts 5\u00d75 \u2013 you\u2019ll miss reps and plateau.", "Do the minimum amount of cardio you need to get results first. This way when you get stuck (and you will, everyone does), you can add more cardio to get unstuck. If you do 6x cardio per week from day one, you can\u2019t do more later when you get stuck. More isn\u2019t better \u2013 less is more.", "Only competitive bodybuilders trying to get to low single digit body-fat level need cardio six times a week. Most people don\u2019t. And if you do it anyway, you\u2019ll add so much extra stress on top of the lifting that it will hinder your recovery. Best case you plateau, worst case you get an overuse injury.", "Best is to start with two HIIT cardio sessions a week first. Monday because you\u2019re fresh from the two days off. Friday because you\u2019re about to get two days off. After a few weeks you can add cardio on Wednesday too if needed. This gives you four rest days a week to recover.", "StrongLifts 5x5 - HIIT Cardio Post Workout", "HIIT Cardio HIIT Cardio", "Don\u2019t do cardio pre-workout. It will pre-exhaust your legs for Squats and limit how heavy you can go. Lifting weight is more important than cardio as already explained. Do your cardio at the end. Yes this is hard. Suck it up or don\u2019t do it. But don\u2019t give cardio priority over lifting.", "Cardio on your rest days is a terrible idea. When does your body recover for your next workout if you train five days in a row? Never. If you\u2019re not fully recovered between workouts, then you can\u2019t get stronger and lift more weight next time. If you can\u2019t lift more, then the program can\u2019t work.", "The only exception is Saturday. If you train Monday/Wednesday/Friday, then HIIT cardio on Saturday works. You have Sunday to recover before the next workout on Monday. You can add the second HIIT cardio session on Wednesday so they\u2019re spread apart. Like this\u2026", "StrongLifts 5x5 - Cardio Day", "Monday - workout A Wednesday - workout B Friday - workout A Saturday", "Squat 5x5 Squat 5x5 Squat 5x5 HIIT Cardio", "The simplest way to do HIIT cardio is on the stationary bike. Warmup five minutes at a low intensity. Then pedal as fast as you can for 30 seconds. Go back to an easy pace for 90seconds. Repeat for five rounds and cool down with 5min at a low intensity. This will take you about 20mins.", "The key is to push hard during the intensity bout. Increase the resistance so you can pedal fast and hard. You should be out of breath within ten seconds. Give it everything you have otherwise you won\u2019t get most out of this. This should be hard \u2013 you shouldn\u2019t want to do this more than 20mins.", "I don\u2019t do much cardio but when I do I like to swing the kettlebell. 200 reps in 10mins. Do sets of 20 reps and take as much rest as you need to make it. Start with 16kg if you\u2019re a guy and work up to 24kg. Use good form by engaging your hips. Be warned this will get you sore the first time.", "Lifting weights is good for your heart. It decreases your heart rate and blood pressure. My resting heart rate has been around 50 for years despite never running and barely doing cardio. Doctors are usually surprised by this as the main thing I do is lifting heavy weights several times a week.", "StrongLifts 5\u00d75 is not the typical routine where you do isolation exercises like curls with light weights. The people who do such routines need to add cardio. We do compound exercises that work our whole body. We increase the weight progressively. And we reach high training intensities.", "We\u2019re actually doing cardio if you think about it. You\u2019re Squatting heavy for a set of five reps \u2013 it takes about 20 seconds. Your heart rate increases and you get out of breath. After resting three minutes, you do your next set. This like high intensity interval cardio \u2013 it trains your heart and lungs.", "Everything under the bar gets stronger when you Squat heavy \u2013 muscles, joints, bones. Your heart is a muscle. It gets stronger like every other muscle. It has to so it can pump blood to your muscles and the rest of your body when you lift heavy weights. This strengthens your heart muscle.", "It works like this: your muscles contract when you lift weights. They compress your blood vessels which increases your blood pressure. Your heart must pump harder against this resistance to deliver blood. This strengthens it \u2013 your left ventricle increases in strength and muscle size.", "Your blood pressure comes back to normal after your set is done. But it also decreases over time. Lifting heavy weights strengthens your muscles. Stronger muscles are more efficient \u2013 it takes more effort to tire them. Stronger muscles therefore also put less demand on your heart.", "As an example, think of walking up stairs. Each step is like a single leg Squat. Double your Squat and your legs get twice as strong. Each step now takes your legs half the effort. So they puts less demand on your heart. Stronger muscles basically makes your heart more efficient.", "The point is that your cardiovascular fitness will improve if you do StrongLifts 5\u00d75, and work to that 300lb/140kg Squat. It will become above average level, and things like walking up stairs or even short runs will become easier. There\u2019s no need to do extra cardio to make your heart healthy.", "Stronger muscles last longer. It takes longer before they get tired because every movement takes less effort than before. So the stronger your muscles, the longer you last and thus the further you can go. Increasing your strength with StrongLifts 5\u00d75 increases your muscular endurance.", "Think about it \u2013 marathon runners rarely have to quit running because they got out of breath. They quit running because their legs are tired. Today\u2019s athletes and teams understand getting stronger makes you last longer. That\u2019s why they all have STRENGTH and conditioning coaches.", "Now of course, if you want to be good at long distance running or cycling, you have to run/cycle long distances. Just like you have to Squat to become good at Squatting, you have to run to be good at running \u2013 at the minimum to improve the skill of running. To get more efficient at it.", "The challenge is that it\u2019s hard to get good at both. Strength training makes weak endurance runners better at long distance running. But long distance running doesn\u2019t make weak lifters stronger at lifting. Instead it hurts strength gains by making you less explosive and hindering recovery.", "Strength and endurance are at opposite ends of the spectrum. There are freaks who manage to get good at both. But most people can\u2019t become an elite powerlifter and elite long-distance runner at the same time. What you need for strength is different than what you need for endurance.", "Long runs will tire your legs for Squats. Hard 5\u00d75 Squats will tire your legs for running. You need to make a choice and decide which one you\u2019ll give priority for the next year. Otherwise you\u2019ll spin your wheels and get good at neither. Worst case you get an overuse injury from doing too much.", "If you\u2019re weak, choose strength. You can get fit faster than you can gain strength. People who are already strong can get fit in a matter of weeks. But weak long distance runners who never lifted weights need months to increase their Squat to 14okg/300lb. So prioritize lifting.", "You can do one long run on Saturday if you train Monday/Wednesday/Friday. This gives your legs a day off before the Squats on Monday. Then maybe add a HIIT session on Wednesday. But watch out with doing too much. Your body needs to recover from all that stress in order to progress.", "You don\u2019t need bulky machines to do StrongLifts 5\u00d75. You also don\u2019t need much equipment. All you need is a barbell, bench, plates and Power Rack. That means you can do the full program at home in your garage, basement or backyard if you have the space. It costs about $1000.", "I bought a home gym in 2004. I put it in my parent\u2019s garage since I\u2019ve always lived in apartments. I lifted for 12 years in my home gym, mostly alone. Here are the benefits I found\u2026", "Freedom. Some gyms don\u2019t have Power Racks, and forbid Deadlifts/chalk. And you depend on the opening hours. With a home gym you\u2019re free to lift any way you want, with the music you want. You can train late at night after a long day, in the early morning or on holidays.", "Save Time. You never have to wait for the Power Rack or showers to be free. You don\u2019t waste time travelling to the gym and back. You don\u2019t need to pack your gym bag and all that. You just walk to your garage or basement \u2013 your equipment is there waiting for you.", "Save Money. You don\u2019t waste money on gym fees (I saved well over $5000 in gym fees over 10 years). You also don\u2019t waste money on fuel to drive to the gym and back.", "Save Ego. You\u2019re not concerned about others. You don\u2019t lift heavier than you should to impress people. You\u2019re lifting for yourself without getting distracted.", "Best Equipment. Athletes train with the best equipment. Yet gyms often have cheap and bad bars. Most people don\u2019t know the difference and they misuse the bars anyway by dropping weight. With a home gym you can buy the very best equipment on the market.", "The main drawback of having a home gym is that you need space. You need a garage, basement or backyard shed big enough to put everything in. Ceiling must be high enough for your rack to fit and to Overhead Press inside. The place must be at least 3m wide so you can put plates on your bar.", "This is why I sold my home gym in 2016. My parents moved to a new house which has no big garage. I live a simple life and travel a lot. I don\u2019t want a big house just to have a private gym. And gyms are better today than 10 years ago. So since 2016 I train in gyms again. Home gym drawbacks\u2026", "Space. You need about about 10m\u00b2/110 sq ft to put all your equipment. Your ceiling needs to be high enough for your Power Rack to fit. It also needs to be high enough to Overhead Press (otherwise you have to press outside or do it seated on a bench).", "Cost. You save money on gym fees in the long run. But there\u2019s a bigger investment of about $1000 upfront. And there\u2019s also the real estate cost of the extra 10m\u00b2/110 sq ft to own your private home gym (which you only use three times a week for four hour max\u2026)", "Noise. The neighbours will not be happy from the noise you make when doing heavy Deadlifts and Rows. You may have to build a solid platform with big rubber mats. It may not be enough so you might have to talk to your neighbours or train at specific hours.", "Lonely. There\u2019s no-one to help you when you fail. So you need to set the safety pins of your Power Rack at the proper height on each set. There\u2019s also no-one to motivate you when you have a bad day or keep you accountable. Discipline is more important.", "Distractions. You no longer get distracted by other people in your gym. But the people you live with may now distract you by coming to talk to you while you train, or asking you to help with something. You\u2019ll have to teach them this one hour of gym time is your private time.", "The home gym years were great though. I trained with better equipment than I could have ever found in gyms close by. I saved a ton of time too. And I saved a lot of money. The resale value is great if you buy quality equipment. And it lasts a lifetime \u2013 my brother still has my barbell.", "If you have the space, do it. Your garage, basement or backyard shed will do fine if the floor is solid concrete. Some people have even turned a room in their apartments into home gyms. If the place is too small for a Power Rack, consider a small Squat Rack or Squat Stands with saw horses.", "And buy quality. You don\u2019t want there to be any fear during your heavy lifts that your equipment might not be secure. Buy the best equipment you can get. This way you also don\u2019t have to buy equipment again later. Quality equipment lasts a lifetime and the resale value is great as I said.", "The Power Rack has four vertical supports. It has two to four J-hooks to set the bar in position for the Squat, Bench Press and Overhead Press. It also has two lateral, horizontal safety pins to catch the bar if you fail. You need a Power Rack to lift heavy and safely on StrongLifts 5\u00d75.", "You can\u2019t Squat heavy without Power Rack. You need one to get the bar on your back. You could pull the weight from the floor on your shoulders. But that wastes strength and is a Front Squat. With the Power Rack you can unrack the bar from the J-hooks on your upper-back.", "You also need the Power Rack so you don\u2019t get stuck under the bar. If you fail on the Squat or Bench mid-set, the horizontal safety pins will catch the bar. This increases safety but also confidence \u2013 you know you\u2019re safe if you fail. So you can go all-out, get more reps and make better progress.", "I lifted weights for 12 years in my home gym. I was usually alone, without spotter. I failed reps many times with heavy weights. But I never got stuck under the bar because I Squatted and Benched in the Power Rack. The safety pins always caught the bar when I failed. Here\u2019s an example\u2026", "Even if you have a spotter, best is to Squat and Bench in the Power Rack anyway. He might not pay attention or react fast enough when you fail. The Power Rack is more reliable \u2013 it catches the bar every single time, whatever happens. All it takes is setting the safety pins at the proper height.", "You don\u2019t need the Power Rack for the Deadlift and Barbell Row. Each rep starts on the floor and you can\u2019t get stuck under the bar. If you fail, you can return the weight to the floor. Unless you have limited space, it makes no sense to Deadlift and Row in the Power Rack. Just do it outside.", "You don\u2019t need the Power Rack for safety on the Overhead Press either. If you fail you return the bar to your chest. But the Power Rack helps you getting the bar on your shoulders for each set. It saves you having to clean it from the floor since you can take it from the J-hooks.", "Most Power Racks come with a pullup bar. You can use it to add chinups as assistance exercise for extra arm work\u2026 or for hanging knee raises for ab work. You can usually also get dip bars for your Power Rack so you can add Dips as assistance work for your triceps if needed.", "Your Power Rack must handle 350kg/700lb so it doesn\u2019t buckle during heavy Squats. The safety pins must be adjustable so you can set them at the proper height to catch failed reps. And it should have outside J-hooks to take the bar out for OHPress (unless the rack is tall enough to press inside).", "Here are some Power Racks I recommend\u2026", "Rep Fitness. 700lb capacity, pullup bar, and adjustable safety pins with outside J-hooks. No dip bars though so you\u2019ll need to buy that separately. I\u2019d probably get this Power Rack.", "Titan T2. 700lb capacity, pullup bar, adjustable safety pins and dip bars. Cheaper than Rep Fitness. Comes with dip bars but no outside j-hooks. Great reviews.", "PowerLine PPR200X. 600lb capacity, pullup bar and safety pins with J-hooks. No dip bars.", "Body-solid Pro. 1000lb capacity, pullup bar and adjustable safety pins. Similar to what I had.", "You can build your own Power Rack if you\u2019re into DIY. Many people have done it from scaffold or even wood. It takes half a day\u2019s work plus 100$ material to save 300$. If you earn more than that per hour, it\u2019s smarter to buy than build. But your milage may vary. You can find plans on the Internet.", "If your gym has no Power Rack, go to another gym or build a home gym. StrongLifts 5\u00d75 doesn\u2019t work without Power Rack. You can\u2019t lift safely without one. If you can\u2019t lift safely, you can\u2019t lift heavy. If you can\u2019t lift heavy, you can\u2019t get stronger. You can\u2019t get stronger, can\u2019t gain muscle.", "I understand switching gyms can be inconvenient. The gym can be further away and cost more. But this is what I would do. I\u2019ve lived in different countries and cities. I also travel a lot. Never do I end in gyms where I can\u2019t lift heavy, safely. I only train in real gyms because this is important to me.", "For example \u2013 I go to Hong Kong quite a lot. The best gym there is Pure Fitness. They have Power Racks, Eleiko bars, platforms, chalk. Heaven. But it\u2019s about $300/month and almost $50 per drop in. I\u2019m frugal and hate paying that much. But I\u2019ve done it many times so I can train properly.", "Do you want to get real results? Is this really important to you? Or are you fine wasting time and effort on a BS routine in a fake gym with shit equipment? It\u2019s not hard to get results with StrongLifts 5\u00d75. But you need the right equipment. If you really want this, you\u2019ll do what it takes.", "If you\u2019re stuck with a one year membership, try to get out of it. Get it cancelled or resell it. If nothing works then accept your loss and move on. Your time is more valuable. You can earn the money back later but you can\u2019t get your time back. Cut your loss and go train in a real gym.", "Squat Racks are open Power Racks. They also have J-hooks to get the bar on your back for Squats. But they\u2019re usually shorter and have no pullup bar. Some Squat Racks have safety pins, some not (which makes them unsafe). I used one the first five years of my training career.", "Squat Racks with safety pins are usually not adjustable. The pins are fixed. If they\u2019re too low for your build, you\u2019ll need to Squat deep to reach the pins. This will stretch your hips hard and can cause your lower back to round. You can fix that by raising your feet (stand on plywood).", "If the safety pins are too high for your build, you\u2019ll hit them on the way down. This will throw you off balance and mess with the next rep. Cutting your depth short is not an option because you have to break parallel. The only solution is to Squat outside the rack without safety.", "This means you\u2019ll need to ask for a spot on your heavy Squat sets. If he knows what he\u2019s doing, he can stand behind you and grab you by your sides to help you lift the weight when you can\u2019t. Two spotters on each side of the bar is even better \u2013 but they have to know what they\u2019re doing.", "Squat Racks usually can\u2019t be used for the Bench Press because the safety pins are too high. So you\u2019ll have to use the regular bench and ask a spotter for help when the weights get heavy. You can use the Squat Rack for the Overhead Press though to get the bar on your shoulders.", "Power Racks are better than Squat Racks because of the adjustable safety pins. But if your gym only has a Squat Rack then use it to get the bar on your back (and ask for a spotter). If you have limited space in your home gym, this looks like a great Squat Rack\u2026", "Rep Squat Rack. 1000lb capacity, adjustable safety pins, pullup bar, supports dip bars.", "Squat Stands consist of two vertical supports. Each one has J-hooks to help you get the bar on your upper-back for Squats. Olympic weight lifters usually use Squat Stands. It allows them to Squat the weight and then lift it overhead if they want to. I\u2019ve used them quite a bit in Crossfit gyms.", "The main drawback of Squat stands is that they don\u2019t have safety pins. Weight lifters drop the bar on the floor if they fail. But this takes practice. It also takes the right equipment \u2013 without bumper plates you break the bar and floor. Bumper plates cost more and take more space.", "If you train in a gym, you\u2019ll need to ask for a spot on your heavy Squat sets. If you train alone in your home gym as I used to, best is to get a pair of sturdy saw horses to catch the bar if you fail.", "Squat stands take less space than Power Racks. They\u2019re more mobile too since you can move them away when done. If you want to do assistance work like Pullups, raise the j-hooks and hang from the bar. If it\u2019s too short, get a doorway pullup bar or pullup station (this does takes more space).", "You can use Squat Stands for the Overhead and Bench Press too. Just watch out when you rack the weight \u2013 they can tip over if you rack it too hard into the J-hooks. I prefer the Power Rack as I don\u2019t need to ask anyone for a spotter. But if you\u2019re limited on space, this looks good\u2026", "Valor Fitness BD-9. 500lb capacity, mini safety pins (I wouldn\u2019t trust those)", "The smith machine is not a Power Rack. Don\u2019t use a smith machine for StrongLifts 5\u00d75.", "The bar moves freely in the Power Rack. But with the smith machine it\u2019s attached on rails. That means you don\u2019t decide where the bar goes. The smith machine does. It will force you into fixed, unnatural movements. This can hurt your knees, back, shoulders, wrists, elbows and shoulders.", "There are newer 3d smith machines that attempt to fix that by allowing horizontal bar movement. But the bar is still attached on rails. So the machine is still balancing the weight for you instead of letting you balance it yourself. This takes work away from your muscles and is thus less effective.", "The smith machine looks safer since the bar is attached on rails. But it has no horizontal safety pins to catch the weight. If you fail, you have to quickly rotate your hands to rack the bar. It\u2019s easy to miss the pins. If you do, you\u2019ll get sandwiched between the bar and the floor \u2013 like this guy.", "One common mistake is to start with the smith because you can\u2019t balance the bar. But this doesn\u2019t teach you to balance it since the machine does it for you. When you switch to free weights later, you\u2019ll still have trouble balancing the bar. You\u2019ll have to take weight off to train your balance.", "This is like using training wheels to learn how to ride a bike. Sooner or later you have to remove them. And when you do, you still have no balance because you didn\u2019t practice it. You\u2019re just building bad habits. This is why kids now use balance bikes instead of training wheels.", "The only way to learn how to balance the bar is to practice it from day one. You do this best using the tool you want to get good at balancing. Use the bar, start light, add weight each workout. Set the pins of the Power Rack to catch failed weight. Fail on purpose a few times to build confidence.", "If your gym only has a smith machine but no Power Rack, switch to a real gym or build a home gym. Don\u2019t risk injuring your joints by forcing your body into fixed movements with heavy weights.", "The best bar for StrongLifts 5\u00d75 is a powerlifting bar. It will give you the best comfort and security to lift heavy weights with confidence without hurting your joints. If you\u2019re building a home gym, get the best powerlifting bar you can afford. You\u2019ll use it on every exercise so don\u2019t be cheap on this.", "Powerlifting bars are 2m20/7.2 feet long and 20kg/45lb heavy. If your bar is shorter, it\u2019s probably not a powerlifting bar. If it tips over when you put a plate of 20kg/45lb on one side, it probably doesn\u2019t weigh 20kg/45lb (stand with it on the scale in your gym to check). Powerlifting bars have\u2026", "Rotating sleeves. The outer parts of the bar where you put plates on are 50mm/2\u2033. They rotate independently from the bar. This reduces stress on your wrists, elbows and shoulders.", "Knurling. The bar is covered with knurling to improve grip. The center has knurling so the bar doesn\u2019t slide off your upper-back during heavy Squats. The part that touches your shins when you Deadlift has no knurling. It\u2019s smooth to avoid shin scraping.", "28-29mm thickness. Thinner bars make your thumbs overlap your fingers more when you hold it. This improves your grip for Deadlifts, especially if you have small palms or short fingers.", "Stiffness. The bar doesn\u2019t bounce around when you Squat heavy. It should be stiff for proper form. It should also handle up to 450kg/1000lb without breaking in two.", "Many gyms use cheap bars to save money. Most people don\u2019t know the difference anyway because they don\u2019t lift heavy or focus on form. Unlike Power Racks, it\u2019s not a program deal-breaker if you only have access to cheap bars. But it can give you trouble in the long run.", "Cheap bars often have no middle knurling, so they can slide down when you Squat. The smooth part can be larger and thus harder to grip for Deadlifts. Or the whole bar can have knurling and scrape your shins for Deadlifts. Cheap bars usually bend more easily which can cause fear of it breaking in two.", "Some cheap bars have fixed sleeves. The bar can\u2019t rotate independently from the plates. The plates will spin on every rep and stress your wrists, elbows and shoulders when you Squat and Press. Some gyms have fixed weight bars which makes it impossible to add weight in small steps each workout.", "Your gym might have a powerlifting bar hidden in a corner. I\u2019ve lifted weights in gyms like that. The advanced lifters were fighting for the best bars and coming in earlier, while the rest didn\u2019t get what the big deal was about. Ask the gym manager \u2013 you never know.", "Note that powerlifting bars are different from weightlifting bars. Olympic lifters use bars that are less stiff. They bend aka \u201cwhip\u201d which creates momentum \u2013 it helps them Squat more after they clean it, and lift more overhead. For heavy Squats this is a bad idea as the bar moves too much around.", "The sleeves of weightlifting bars also spin faster. This helps Olympic lifters get under the bar faster without releasing their grip. But it makes the bar harder to grip on Deadlifts as it rotates more. It will roll down your back during Squats as well, especially since these bars have no center knurling.", "If your gym only has weightlifting bars, then use it. It\u2019s not ideal and takes getting used to. But it\u2019s better than nothing. If you\u2019re building a home gym, get a powerlifting bar. These are good\u2026", "Rogue Ohio Bar. After giving my first bar to my brother, I bought this one. Great bar.", "Cap OB-86PBCK. 28.5mm, center knurling, 1000lb capacity, black finish.", "Xmark XM-3817. 28mm, center knurling, 700lb capacity. Quite cheap.", "Troy Texas Power Bar. 28mm, 1500lb capacity, center knurling.", "Good powerlifting bars are expensive. They can cost more than your Power Rack. Save money on the plates, but not on the bar. Again, you\u2019ll use this on every single exercise. You want something that feels secure and comfortable so you can lift heavy with confidence.", "Dumbbells or kettlebells are no replacement for a barbell as already explained. You can use heavier weights with a barbell. Heavier is more stress on your body, and thus bigger strength and muscle gains. Db and kb are fine as assistance, I use them. But they don\u2019t replace barbells.", "Put collars on the bar so plates can\u2019t move while you lift. Your barbells can have slippy sleeves. Or you press some reps uneven. Or you hit the safety pins by mistake when you Squat or Bench Press. All of this can make the plates move while you lift, and distract you from lifting with proper form.", "Some people prefer to Bench Press without collars. If you fail mid-set, you can then tilt the bar to one side. The plates will drop on the floor so you can get away from under the bar. You can\u2019t get pinned by the weight, but the gym won\u2019t like you dropping weight on the floor like that.", "Best is to lift inside the Power Rack with the safety pins ready for maximum safety. Then collar the bar so the plates don\u2019t move and distract you while you lift. You don\u2019t want to have to change your form mid-set to prevent moving plates to drop off the bar.", "Spring Collars;. I use these. You have to squeeze the springs to collar the bar. This works your grip like a gripper. They can be hard to remove at first, but your grip strength will improve.", "Clamp Collars. Easier to put on than spring clips since no gripping is required. It uses a simple click system instead. But this means you don\u2019t get grip training between sets.", "Make sure you buy 50mm/2\u2033 collars so they fit on your powerlifting bar \u2013 it has 50mm/2\u2033 sleeves.", "Start with about 120kg/260lb worth of plates. Together with your bar, this will keep you busy for up to six months. The plate holes must be 50mm/2\u2033 holes to fit your bar. The biggest 20kg/45lb plate must have 45cm/17\u2033 diameter for proper form on Deadlifts and Barbell Rows.", "The best plates are round and made of solid cast iron. They\u2019re also the cheapest \u2013 some brands sell them for only $1 per pound. And they make that old school sound when you lift heavy weights. Here\u2019s the plate setup I recommend you start with:", "KG \u2013 4x20kg, 2x10kg, 2x5kg, 2\u00d72.5kg, 2\u00d71.25kg.", "LB \u2013 4x45lb, 2x25lb, 2x10lb, 4\u00d75lb, 2\u00d72,5lb (4x5lb to OHpress 85-90lb).", "That\u2019s 137.5kg/320lb if you include the bar. You\u2019ll run out of plates after a couple of months, first on Deadlifts. Just get an extra pair of 20kg/45lb to keep progressing. Recommended iron plates\u2026", "CAP OP. 2\u2033 holes, 17\u2033 diameter, cheap", "Rogue Olympic Plates. 2\u2033 holes, 17\u2033 diameter, probably higher quality.", "When you shop around for plates, you\u2019ll find several other types and materials. I recommend you stick with iron plates. But here\u2019s an overview\u2026", "Grip Plates. These plates have grip holes. They\u2019re easier to carry because you can hold them like a bar, with your thumb overlapping your fingers. But you don\u2019t get grip work from carrying the plates. I hate them. Let the plate work your grip instead of making them easier to hold.", "Hex Plates. These plates have 12 sides. They\u2019re meant to prevent rolling but don\u2019t. The plates will land on the corners when you Deadlift and Row. The bar will roll and cause bad form. Hex plates are made for machines. Don\u2019t use them for StrongLifts 5\u00d75.", "Rubber Coated. These plates are covered with rubber. They don\u2019t make noise when the plates cling when you lift. But they make noise when you drop heavy weight. Plus they cost more. Just collar the bar tight to reduce noise and get a rubber mat for your floor.", "Bumper Plates. Made of solid rubber. Crossfitters use these so they can drop the bar on the floor during Olympic lifts. You\u2019re not doing that on this program. Plus bumper plates are twice as thick as iron plates. They take up more space, and are more expensive.", "If you start with less than 60kg/135lb on Deadlifts and Rows, then get a pair of full diameter plates. Buy two bumpers of 5kb/10lb that are the same diameter as 20kg/45lb iron plates. The bar will start at the same height on the lighter weights. You\u2019ll practice proper form from the get-go.", "And get a weight tree with 50mm/2\u2033 holes to keep your plates organized.", "You need small plates aka fractional plates for StrongLifts 5\u00d75. Fractional plates weigh 0.25-1lb each. You use them for microloading \u2013 to increase the weight by 1kg/2lb on the Bench and OHPress. This makes you fail less and progress more, especially if you\u2019re weak, small or female.", "Many gyms don\u2019t have plates smaller than 1.25kg/2.5lb. Some only have 2.5kg/5lb plates. This forces you to add 2.5kg/5lb or even 5kg/10lb per workout. But this doesn\u2019t work on the Bench and OHPress as already explained \u2013 the increment is a too big percentage. You\u2019ll fail and get frustrated.", "The solution is to use fractional plates. Tell the gym manager to get a set so you progress better. Or buy your own set and put it in your gym bag \u2013 it doesn\u2019t take much space or weigh much. Don\u2019t add weight only on one side. This shifts the center of gravity and causes bad form.", "44 Sport Fractional Plates. .25, .5, .75, and 1lb.", "Ader Fractional Plates. .25, .5, .75, and 1lb.", "CFF Fractional Plates. .25, .5, .75, and 1lb.", "Fractional plates are more expensive per pound. This is normal because it costs more to make plates which are more accurate in weight (bigger plates are often off by a pound or two). We\u2019re not looking for accuracy here though but slow increments. The weights will average itself out over time.", "You can also microload by puttting a small chain of 0.5kg/1lb on each side of the bar.", "Returning the bar to the floor on Deadlifts and Rows makes noise. Even if you control the weight and don\u2019t drop it, heavy weight always makes noise. Don\u2019t try to reduce it by lowering the weight slowly or keeping it in the air between reps \u2013 it\u2019s bad form and bad for your lower back.", "Deadlift and Barbell Row on rubber mats instead to reduce the noise. This will protect your floor against impact too. Just don\u2019t expect miracles \u2013 it\u2019s weight.", "Rubber Mat \u2013 I had one like this in my home gym", "Rogue Deadlift Platform \u2013 great if you have the space", "You can also build your own platform using horse mats and plywood. Here\u2019s an example.", "You need a bench to Bench Press every workout A. You don\u2019t need a bench with uprights. Just get a flat bench and put it in the Power Rack. This saves space but it\u2019s also safer \u2013 you have safety pins to catch the bar if you fail. Make sure the bench is centered before doing your set.", "Your bench should be sturdy and handle at least 250kg/600lb. Keep in mind that the bench capacity usually includes your body-weight. So if the bench has a capacity of 300lb and you weigh 200lb, that means it can only handle 100lb. This is not enough on StrongLifts 5\u00d75.", "Don\u2019t take risks by buying a cheap bench with low capacity. The legs can bend under the weight and potentially kill you. If you need convincing, read what happened to this guy.", "The bench should be 30cm/12\u2033 wide. This gives you good upper-back support so you can press from a strong base. The pad should be firm for good power transfer. It should also be non-slippy so your upper-back can\u2019t slide while you Bench Press. It should help you stay tight.", "To engage your legs, the bench should be 45cm/17\u2033 tall. A shorter bench will put your knees higher than your hips when you setup. This makes it harder to use your legs. On the other hand, if your legs are short, you can raise your feet by putting a plate under it. Good benches\u2026", "Rep Fitness Flat Bench. 1000lb capacity, 17.5\u2033 tall, 12\u2033 wide. I\u2019d get this.", "Adidas Flat Bench. 600lb capacity, 17\u2033 tall, 12\u2033 wide.\\", "You don\u2019t need an adjustable bench to do incline or decline. Your whole chest works when you Bench. Your upper-chest works when you OHPress. Plus adjustable benches often have gaps where you put your glutes. This makes it harder to setup properly and bench heavy when putting it flat.", "You also don\u2019t need leg attachments. Squats work your legs harder. Abs you can work separately by doing hanging knee raises from the pullup bar. Leg attachments just get in the way of your legs when you setup for the Bench Press. Keep it simple and get a regular flat bench.", "Chalk is white powder that improves your grip for lifting. You put it on your palms to absorb sweat and increase friction. This stops the bar from moving around when you have sweating hands. You control the bar more, lift with better form, and hold the bar longer (this is crucial on Deadlifts).", "Chalk also decreases callus build-up from lifting. It creates a smooth surface for the bar by filling up your skin folds. Less skin gets trapped under the bar as a result. You get less and smaller calluses from lifting weights. You also stop tearing calluses when you Deadlift heavy.", "Babypowder is not chalk. That\u2019s talc and decreases friction. Powerlifters put babypowder on their legs when they Deadlift so the bar goes up faster. But they never put it on their hands because that makes the bar slippy and harder to hold. Babypowder worsen your grip instead of improving it.", "Board chalk is also not the same as gym chalk. Board chalk is made of calcium sulphate. Gym chalk is made of magnesium carbonate. It\u2019s the same white powder rock climbers and gymnasts use. You can find chalk in most rock climbing shops. Or you can order it online, links\u2026", "GSC Gym Chalk. Eight blocks for a total of 1lb. This should last you several months. Break one in peaces into a bucket. Then put it on your palms so it fills up your skin folds. It\u2019s normal to have to re-apply chalk on your next set by the way.", "Primo Chalk Bucket, 1lb chalk in a convenient bucket. Double the price but higher quality. I\u2019ve had eczema from chalk in the past. This one seems to be easier on the hands.", "Beasty Liquid Chalk. Liquid chalk leaves no traces. The chalk is dissolved in alcohol. Put it on your palms like hand sanitizer. After 10sec the alcohol evaporates and your hands are chalky. Use this if your gym doesn\u2019t allow chalk \u2013 it leaves no dust and works better than gloves.", "You won\u2019t need chalk the first weeks of StrongLifts 5\u00d75. But once the weights get heavy, you\u2019ll need chalk for Deadlifts to hold on the bar. If it\u2019s hot in your gym or you easily get sweaty hands, you\u2019ll also need chalk on the other exercises so the bar can\u2019t move around and cause bad form.", "Wash the chalk off your hands after your workout. Chalk dries out your skin \u2013 that\u2019s how it works. Your skin can get beat up in the winter if you leave it on too long. My skin is prone to eczema\u2019s so I always wash it off quickly when I\u2019m done. Consider moisturizing your hands to prevent dry skin.", "The best shoes for lifting have hard soles. They can\u2019t compress under the weight. This improves your balance, power transfer, and technique. You can lift heavier without hurting yourself.", "Running shoes are terrible for lifting. The soles have air or gel filling to absorb impact when you run. They compress differently on every rep you lift. But you can\u2019t predict how and thus can\u2019t control the bar. Lifting with running shoes causes bad form. It\u2019s like lifting weights on a trampoline.", "Lifting barefoot is better but not ideal, Your foot can slip when you Squat or Bench because you have no traction. Your arch also gets no support, which can be a bad idea if you\u2019re flat footed like me. And many gyms don\u2019t allow barefoot lifting because it\u2019s unclean and unsafe.", "Best is to wear shoes with soles made of hard plastic or dense rubber. Thin soles put you closer to the floor. They shorten the distance the bar travels when you Deadlift, helping you pull heavier. Flat soles help you involve your posterior chain more on Squats and Deadlifts. Check these\u2026", "Chuck Taylor. I lifted in these for 10 years. Flat soles, good traction, cheap. But the sole is made of rubber so it compresses a little. They\u2019re also narrow which can be uncomfortable if you have wide feet like me (the reason I stopped using them eventually).", "Reebok Lite TR. Similar to Chuck\u2019s but wider and with better ankle support. They\u2019re bulkier, more expensive and can get hot. I lifted in these for three years.", "Reebok Nano. My current shoe for lifting weights \u2013 version 6. Hard sole, fairly flat, strong Kevlar canvas. Light and take little space for traveling. Look great.", "Olympic lifters use weightlifting shoes. They have hard soles made of wood or hard plastic that don\u2019t compress. The heels help them reach parallel more easily by putting their shins more incline. And the metatarsal straps running across the shoe keep their foot from moving around.", "Some powerlifters also use weightlifting shoes. I Squatted with rogue wins for a while but didn\u2019t like them \u2013 they made me lean forward. My friend Mike Tuschcherer who Squats 700lb had flat soles put on his weightlifting shoes. This gives him the stability of the metatarsal strap but without the heel.", "It seems like your build will determine if weightlifting shoes work better for you. Weightlifting shoes are expensive though. Best is to start with a simple shoe first and take it from there.", "Belts help you lift heavier weights by increasing lower back support. They give your abs a surface to push against. Your abs contract harder which increases pressure in your trunk. This creates support for your lower back and spine. You can easily Squat/Deadlift 20kg/45lb more by wearing a belt.", "Wearing a belt isn\u2019t cheating. You\u2019re not taking work away from your abs. You\u2019re making them work harder by lifting heavier. This is similar to how chalk improves your grip \u2013 your forearms work more not less because the weight is heavier. Same with your abs when wearing a belt.", "Some people think belts make your abs weak. They can\u2019t be weak because they\u2019re keeping your spine neutral against a heavier weight. In fact, the more you can lift with belt, the more you can lift without. And you\u2019ll train your abs both ways anyway by only using the belt on your heavy sets.", "But belts don\u2019t protect your spine against bad form. Pulling with a round back can cause injury despite wearing a belt. The injury could be worse if you lifted heavier because you thought the belt made your back bulletproof. Always use proper form. Don\u2019t wear a belt to cover up back pain.", "You don\u2019t need a belt the first weeks of StrongLifts 5\u00d75. The weights are light, and you should focus on proper form first. But once it becomes harder to add weight every workout, start wearing a belt. It\u2019s most useful on the Squat, Deadlift and Overhead Press. I rarely wear it on Bench and Rows.", "Your belt should be the same width in the front and back. Bodybuilding belts are no good because they\u2019re usually smaller in the front. The point is to give your abs a surface to push against. Turn the belt around or get a proper belt that is 3-4\u2033 wide across.", "Single prong belts are easier to put on/off than two prongs. Belts with prongs are easier to adjust than lever belts. If you wear your belt looser/tighter on some exercises, you\u2019ll need a screwdriver to adjust a lever belt. With prong belts you just move the prong to the next notch.", "Get a 10mm thick belt unless you\u2019re a really big guy. Check these\u2026", "Ader Powerlifting belt. 10mm thick, 4\u2033 wide, single prong. Good price.", "Flexz Powerlifting belt. 10mm thick, 4\u2033 wide, single prong", "Bestbelt Athlete Belt. Many people like these belts, quality.", "Inzer Forever Belt. I have this one. 10mm, 4\u2033wide, single prong.", "Most belts will be stiff at first which can feel uncomfortable. You have to break it in like with a new pair of leather shoes. Roll and unroll the belt on itself a couple of times to accelerate the break-in.", "Always warmup without belt. Put it on for your last warmup sets and heavy sets only. And remove your belt between sets \u2013 don\u2019t walk around with it like the captain upper-bodies. It looks silly.", "First the stuff you don\u2019t need, and should stop using\u2026", "Mirrors. They only show you the front view. They can tweak your neck if you turn your head to check the mirror aside of you. And they cause bad form. Athlets don\u2019t check their form in a mirror in soccer, football or tennis. They learn to listen to how their body moves. If you want to check your form, get a gorilla pod instead and tape yourself with your phone.", "Gloves. They make the bar thicker and harder to hold. They stink like old socks after a couple of workouts. They wear out quickly and add an unnecessary expense. Use chalk instead to improve your grip and reduce calluses. And shave your calluses of with a pumice stone.", "Straps. Using straps on every exercise and set will weaken your grip. Let your grip get stronger instead of covering it up with straps. Use chalk, grip the bar hard, and mix grip on deadlifts.", "Bar pads. Useless with heavy weights. If the bar hurts when you Squat, you\u2019re holding it wrong, Fix your form. Start light so your upper-back can toughen up like the skin on your hand does.", "This stuff you can consider\u2026", "Dip Belt. This is a belt with a chain to attach weight for chinups and dips. You should do these exercises like every other compound exercise \u2013 heavy. Get a dip belt to add weight once you can do them without weight. Don\u2019t do endless reps or you just train endurance.", "Knee Sleeves. They lubricate your joints by trapping heat around your knees. This makes them less likely to get injured. Knee sleeves can also give you the confidence to Squat if you have bad knees. If you\u2019re a bit older best is to wear knee sleeves. But use good form.", "Wrist Wraps. They can give small wrists extra support (I never used them though). But make sure you grip the bar properly on Squats and presses first \u2013 straight wrists, no bending.", "Starting Too Heavy", "The biggest mistake on StrongLifts 5\u00d75 is starting too heavy. It doesn\u2019t give your body time to adapt to Squatting three times a week and get stronger. You get sore and want to skip workouts instead. You miss reps and get demotivated. You think the program doesn\u2019t work and want to quit.", "Most people want to start heavy to accelerate their progress. But they usually get the opposite. If you barely get your reps on your first workout, you can\u2019t lift 2.5kg/5lb more two days later. If your legs get extremely sore from the first workout, you can\u2019t Squat again two days later. You fail prematurely.", "Starting heavy also shifts the focus away from practicing proper form. If you struggle to get your reps early on, you\u2019ll be tempted to lift with bad form so you don\u2019t fail. But this builds bad technique habits. It will make you hit a plateau, or worse, get injured as the weights keep increasing.", "It\u2019s not a waste of time to start light. Yes, lifting heavy is better. But you must learn to walk before you can run. Let your body get used to Squatting three times a week first. Focus on lifting with proper form while the weights are light. This work will pay off once the weights become heavy.", "And the weights become heavy fast. You\u2019re adding 30kg/60lb to your Squat each month, 15kg/30lb to your presses, and 60kg/120lb to Deadlifts. But everyone\u2019s progress slows after while. So you end up at the same place in one year whether you start with an empty bar or 60kg/135lb.", "Strength training is a marathon, not a sprint. You don\u2019t win this game by trying to go as fast as you can. You win by sticking to it as long as you can. It takes time to get stronger and learn proper form. And you can\u2019t gain more than 2lb of a muscle a month. Patience is therefore key.", "The people in the gym don\u2019t care about the weights you lift. They\u2019re focused on themselves. And they\u2019ve been beginners too. If anyone laughs at you for starting light, let them laugh. 12 weeks from now, you\u2019ll be Squatting two plates. Their laughter will turn into amazement.", "Don\u2019t start with your five rep max. Start with an easy weight so you can focus on form and build momentum. If you miss reps the first week or even month, you started way too heavy. Back the weight down to give your body time to recover and get stronger.", "This advice applies to any program, StrongLifts 5\u00d75 but also Madcow 5\u00d75 later.", "Changing The Program", "The typical mistake here is substituting exercises \u2013 Front Squats instead of Squats, Sumo Deadlift vs Deadlifts, Incline Bench vs OHPress, etc. Or changing the sets and reps by doing three sets of eight reps vs 5\u00d75 to get more pump and soreness. Or doing 5\u00d75 Deadlifts instead of 1\u00d75.", "If your tooth hurts, you probably don\u2019t try to fix it yourself. You go to a dentist who has knowledge and experience dealing with tooth pain. So why would you try to fix your weakness and out-of-shapeness by creating your own program? What makes you think you have expertise on the subject?!?", "The priority on this program is to get stronger at the big five \u2013 SQ/BP/DL/OHP/ROW. To get strong at these exercises you have to master proper form and go heavy. To master proper form you have to do the exercises a lot. To get stronger you have to do sets of five. The program works best as is.", "The 5\u00d75 routine has been around for almost 100 years. StrongLifts for 10 years. Tens of thousands of people have done this routine. Everything I\u2019ve learned is in this guide. There\u2019s nothing you can do that someone else hasn\u2019t tried before. Nothing you can improve. This program is already optimized.", "You can learn through trial & error \u2013 by thinking you know better and do it your own way. Or you can save yourself time and effort by doing the program as laid out. This saves you making the same mistakes we\u2019ve made before you. It helps you gain strength and muscle faster.", "Do the program as laid out for at least 12 weeks before changing anything. Wait until you can Squat 300lb/140kg before you create your own program. Gain experience first.", "Adding Too Much Stuff", "The usual mistake here is adding a ton of assistance exercises to hit every muscle. Especially smaller muscles that don\u2019t need much work in the first place. Some people will try to do the big five exercises in one workout. Or they do cardio 5-6x per week on top of lifting to lose fat faster.", "But the more stuff you do, the bigger the stress on your body, and thus the bigger the recovery need. If your muscles can\u2019t recovery properly, they can\u2019t get stronger and lift more weight next workout. You miss reps. plateau and get frustrated. Your strength and muscle mass can\u2019t increase.", "Doing tons of exercises also forces you to lift lighter weights. You couldn\u2019t do so much if the weights were heavy \u2013 you\u2019d be exhausted. You have to lift lighter weight to do more exercises in one workout. But heavy weights build more strength. And more strength is more muscle.", "Plus what are you going to do when you plateau? If you do 10 exercises for your arms from day one, what do you do when they\u2019re used to that and no longer grow? What do you do when you\u2019re no longer losing fat doing cardio 6x/week? Everyone plateaus eventually, but you have nowhere to go.", "You\u2019re just making it more likely to quit. Self-discipline is like a muscle. The more stuff you do, the more you tire it out. Your mind needs breaks too. Anyone can lift for three hours and do cardio six times a week. But few people can do that for a year. Most people burn out and quit.", "Less is more when you start lifting. You don\u2019t need much to gain strength and muscle. The minimum effective dose is low. All it takes is doing the big fives exercises and adding weight each workout. If the workouts feel too easy, add weight or increase the increments. Or just be patient.", "The stronger you get, the more work you can handle, and thus the more you can do. You\u2019ll actually have to do more work to keep progressing. But by then you\u2019ll probably be happy to only do three exercises per workout. Don\u2019t understimate the program \u2013 it looks easy, but it\u2019s hard work.", "Lifting in a Bad Gym", "You can\u2019t do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 without free weights. Leg presses or smith squats take work away from your muscles. They don\u2019t make you balance the bar like free Squats. Worse, they force you into fixed movements that can cause injuries. Free weights are more effective and safer.", "You also can\u2019t do this without Power Rack. You need to get the bar safely on and off your back to lift heavy. You can\u2019t be wasting strength by cleaning it first (this limits how heavy you can Squat anyway). And you can\u2019t be afraid to fail and hold back because there are no safety pins to catch the bar.", "Dumbbells don\u2019t work for this program either. You can\u2019t Squat heavy with dumbbells \u2013 holding them is the limiting factor, not Squatting the weight. And you can\u2019t use small increments because dumbbells usually go up by 2kg/5lb. You\u2019ll just plateau sooner, get frustrated, and want to quit.", "You need to lift heavy to gain strength and muscle. The barbell is the best tool for that because you can use the heaviest weights. But you need something to catch the weight if you fail. Without Power Rack you can get stuck under the weight and get killed. Really.", "Your current gym may not have the equipment you need to do StrongLifts 5\u00d75. Switch to a real gym or build a home gym. But don\u2019t bastardize this program by doing it with machines or dumbbells. It won\u2019t work. You\u2019re not doing StrongLifts 5\u00d75 if you\u2019re not using proper equipment.", "Yes, switching gyms can be a major inconvenience to you. But this isn\u2019t meant to be easy. You\u2019re not the first or only one to deal with this problem. Many people do, including me. If you\u2019re not willing to do what it takes, best is to look for a different program \u2013 this one is clearly not for you.", "Adding Weight Too Fast", "StrongLifts 5\u00d75 doesn\u2019t work if you add 5kg/10lb per workout. This works on Deadlifts until you reach 100kg/220lb. It works if the starting weights feel too light. It works if you\u2019re coming back from a big break. But it doesn\u2019t work long, especially not on pressing exercises that work smaller muscles.", "Your body needs to recover to get stronger and lift heavier next workout. It can\u2019t recover in time if you stress it with huge increments. Adding 5kg/10lb to a 50kg/100lb press or 10kg/20lb to a 100kg/200lb Squat is a 10% increment. This can work once or twice but not every workout. It\u2019s too much.", "Taking bigger jumps won\u2019t make you gain strength and muscle faster. It will make you plateau faster. It will cause bad form. Worse, it can get you injured. Tendons take longer to recover than muscles. Big jumps can cause nasty pains that take weeks or months to recover. This slows your progress.", "Get small plates if your gym doesn\u2019t have any. Get fractional plates too so you can add 1kg/2lb per workout to your bench/ohp. Don\u2019t wait until you hit a plateau. Get the plates today so you don\u2019t hit a plateau in the first place. This saves you time wasted on failing and deloading.", "Lifting With Bad Form", "Bad form causes pains and injuries. The most dangerous mistakes are pulling with a rounded spine, Squatting with caved knees, benching with flared elbows, and arching on the OHPress. It can help you get more reps and lift more. But you\u2019re taking risks. If you get hurt, you\u2019ll slow your progress.", "Bad form also hinders strength gains. You have to move the bar in a vertical line because that\u2019s the shortest distance. But you also must involve as many muscles as you can. More muscles working is more weight you can lift. Good form increases efficiency while bad form reduces it.", "Bad form hinders muscle gains. You can lift more with half reps. But it doesn\u2019t work your muscles through a complete range of motion. It therefore doesn\u2019t work to cut your depth short on Squats, not touching your chest on bench, not touching the floor on pulls, and not locking your OHPress.", "The program starts light and easy. But the weight increases every workout. Small mistakes will turn into big ones fast if you don\u2019t address them early on. Read all the guides on this website. And practice good form from day one. Don\u2019t use bad form or shorten the ROM to get your reps.", "Not Lifting Heavy", "Lifting the same weight over and over again makes you weaker. You need to give your body a reason to gain strength and muscle. If you don\u2019t challenge yourself by trying to lift heavier as much as you can, your body will get lazy. The weight you keep lifting will become harder to lift.", "That means if your first two sets of five were hard, you don\u2019t lower the weight for the next three sets. You stick with the weight even if that means you won\u2019t get fives on the next three sets. You already can lift the previous weight for 5\u00d75. You have to try to lift this weight for 5\u00d75 to get stronger.", "That also means if you did 5\u00d75 last time, you add weight next time. Even if it was hard last time. It doesn\u2019t matter if you think you won\u2019t make it. You don\u2019t know until you try. Recover properly before your next workout. Then go to the gym, set the safety pins and go after those fives.", "Many people have been surprised to find out their next workout with more weight was easier than the last one. But it should be obvious why \u2013 your body is getting stronger every workout. And sometimes you\u2019re just having a bad day. That\u2019s why you should stick to the plan and try.", "Don\u2019t be afraid of failure. Your confidence can\u2019t increase if you avoid what you\u2019re afraid of. Everyone fails, I\u2019ve failed a lot. Lift in the Power Rack. Set the safety pins. Ask for a spot maybe. Heck, fail on purpose a few times so you can experience how it feels. But don\u2019t avoid failure.", "Some people don\u2019t add weight because they\u2019re OCD about their form. If your form is 80% perfect, add weight. As long as you\u2019re not making dangerous mistakes like lower back rounding, flaring elbows on bench, knees caving in on squat or arching on ohp\u2026 keep going.", "The 20% smaller form mistakes, try to fix while adding weight. Work on it during your warmup. But don\u2019t stick with light weights to achieve 100% perfect form. Anyone can have perfect form with light weights. It takes strength to have perfect form with heavy weight. Gotta lift heavy for that.", "Finally, every now and then there\u2019s some guy who quits the program because it didn\u2019t add muscle for him. Looking closer it usually turns out he didn\u2019t do the program for longer than a few weeks\u2026 and never got his lifts beyond a 80kg/175lb Squat, 60kg/135lb Bench and 100kg/220 Deadlift\u2026", "It should be obvious that you can\u2019t have the legs of a 140kg/300lb Squatter if you lift half that. You can\u2019t have the chest of a 100kg/220lb bencher if you bench half that. And you cant have the back development of someone who Deadlifts 180kg/400lb if you lift half that. Duh.", "It\u2019s not the program\u2019s fault if you don\u2019t lift heavy and then don\u2019t gain muscle. This is normal. You have to lift heavy to gain in muscle size. So do the work.", "Each workout triggers your body to gain strength and muscle. So your body can\u2019t get stronger if you skip workouts all the time. It can\u2019t lift heavier weights. You struggle instead and fail reps.", "If you miss one workout, you can usually resume the program where you left off. But skipping two workouts in a row can cause strength loss. Skip three workouts and you\u2019ll have to lower the weight to get your five reps on every set next workout. This slows your progress.", "StrongLifts 5\u00d75 works best if you do three workouts a week. Two can work, but not one a week. And one workout every 10 days definitely doesn\u2019t work. Look, there are 168 hours in a week. This program only needs four hours of your time. Get your priorities right and make time for this.", "Decide the days and times you\u2019ll train. Then stick to it whatever happens. Sore, not motivated, tired, or sick \u2013 it doesn\u2019t matter. Stick to your plan and go. Maybe you have a bad workout, maybe not. But bad workouts are always better than skipped ones \u2013 you never regret going to the gym.", "Yes, this is extreme. But quitting always starts by skipping one workout. It usually turns into two. Then you rationalize you\u2019ll restart next week. But next week becomes the week after. Before you know it you haven\u2019t trained for a month. This is how most people quit \u2013 it might sound familiar.", "Skipping workouts is therefore a slippery slope. It reinforces the bad habit you want to break \u2013 not going to the gym. You want to build the good habit of going to the gym. The only way to do this is by practicing going to the gym over and over again whatever happens.", "Stick to your plan. Say no to people. And don\u2019t make excuses.", "Rushing Your Sets", "You\u2019ll sweat more if you rest only 30 seconds or superset exercises. But you\u2019ll lift with depleted ATP stores. And your form will deteriorate because you get tired. Short rest times make it impossible to lift heavy, and they increase the risk of injury. You need to rest up to five minutes to get strong.", "The goal of StrongLifts 5\u00d75 is to lift heavy \u2013 not get a sweat, pumped, or out of breath. If you want to sweat, then do HIIT cardio after your workout. If you want pump, then add assistance work for that. But rest as much as you need on the main exercises so you can lift heavy and get stronger.", "If you only have half an hour to train, then only Squat. Don\u2019t rush your workout to get it all in. Squats work your whole body and are the backbone of the program. Do them properly and skip the rest.", "If you keep running out of time in the gym, then change your schedule. Don\u2019t squeeze your workout during lunch time. Unless you have a two hour break to lift and shower, you\u2019ll have to rush through your sets eventually. Train at a different time or consider a home gym to save time.", "Respect your warmup weights. Don\u2019t skip them. Don\u2019t rush through them thinking only your work sets matter. Take them seriously by putting the same effort and focus into it. Lift the light weight as if it was heavy. This will better prepare your body for the heavy weights and avoid injury.", "Eating Too Little", "Your body needs to recover from your workouts to get stronger. Food contains the material to recover your muscles. When there\u2019s a lack of food, your body uses it for critical tasks first. So your muscles can\u2019t recover well to get stronger. You have low energy, fail reps, and can\u2019t add weight.", "Skinny guys are often afraid to gain fat. Maybe you have a low body-fat and don\u2019t want to lose your abs by eating more. But lifting heavy is easier with more muscle mass. There isn\u2019t enough if you\u2019re 1m82/6\u20192\u2033 but only 60kg/135lb. I\u2019m shorter and weigh almost 20kg/45lb more. Gotta eat.", "People who\u2019ve been fat before are often afraid to get fat again. Maybe you did cardio and strict dieting to lose fat. And you now want to build muscle to look better. But the idea of eating more scares you. You\u2019re not supposed to eat junk food like when you were fat though. And you lift weights now.", "Obese guys usually want to lose fat/weight fast. The usual mistake is to cut too many calories. Eating 1500kcal/day can work when the weights are light. But your fat loss and strength will both plateau eventually \u2013 your calories are too low to cut further, and you can\u2019t recover well to lift heavy.", "Most people need at least 3000kcal/day. If you\u2019re obese, you\u2019ll build muscle while losing fat. But most people need to choose between building muscle or losing fat. Choose muscle first since it\u2019s harder than losing fat. You need to lift heavy to build muscle. So eat up for proper recovery.", "But don\u2019t eat like a pig. Don\u2019t eat mostly junk food. That builds bad habits that will make you unhealthy and fat in the long run. Eat quality food. Real food not shakes. Three to four meals a day.", "Will StrongLifts 5\u00d75 work for me?", "It has worked for me and my two brothers. It has worked for several of my friends. It has worked for girls I dated. It has worked for anyone I\u2019ve given this program to. I get emails every day from people from all over the world saying this program is the best thing that ever worked for them.", "So I\u2019m confident StrongLifts 5\u00d75 will work for you too. It will work really well if you\u2026", "Never entered a gym. You\u2019re intimidated by free weights, scared of injury, or just weak. This program starts light and focuses on form. You slowly get comfortable with the weights while avoiding injury. Your strength and confidence increase as the weight increase.", "Never used free weights. You\u2019ve gone to the gym before but only used machines. Maybe you\u2019ve benched with free weights but never did Squats, Deadlifts, and OHPress. You\u2019ll learn these lifts now by starting light, doing them a lot, and adding weight each workout.", "Resume after a break. You\u2019ve done these exercises before. But you quit last summer. Or you haven\u2019t lifted since high school. This program will get you back into shape fast. You\u2019ll get in even better shape if you\u2019ve never used this kind of structured training program.", "Now I\u2019ve never seen StrongLifts 5\u00d75 not work. I\u2019ve seen stories on the Internet of people saying this program didn\u2019t work for them. But it\u2019s usually because\u2026", "This is NOT for experienced lifters. Don\u2019t do this if you can Squat 300lb and Deadlift 400lb right now. You can\u2019t add weight every workout with those weights. That\u2019s why I don\u2019t do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 anymore \u2013 my weights are too heavy. Do Madcow 5\u00d75 instead.", "This is NOT for know-it-alls. You have to do the program as laid out for it to work. If you do it your way by changing things, it won\u2019t work. You have to be coachable. And you should re-read this guide every couple of weeks to catch things you missed the first time.", "This is NOT for wussies. This program won\u2019t work if you skip workouts. Not work if you skip Squats. Not work if you don\u2019t increase your lifts. You will not become strong and big unless you lift heavy weights. This takes hard work.", "So if you\u2019re 60kg/135lb at 1m82/6\u20192\u2033\u2026 you barely eat to avoid fat gains\u2026 your Squat is stuck at 80kg/175lb after 10 weeks\u2026 and you\u2019re not happy with how your body looks\u2026 this is NORMAL. You\u2019re not eating enough, not lifting heavy enough, and not being patient enough.", "Strength gains are almost immediate. You\u2019ll see the weight on the bar increase every workout. If you start with the bar, don\u2019t miss one workout and get your reps every time, you\u2019ll Squat 100kg/220lb in 12 weeks and 130kg/265lb in 16 weeks. That\u2019s stronger than most guys.", "The maximum amount of lean muscle you can gain naturally is 2lb per month. So if you\u2019ve never lifted before, you can gain 10lb of lean muscle mass in 20 weeks and 24lb by next year. Note that this is LEAN muscle \u2013 weight gains can be higher due to increase in water retention.", "If you\u2019ve lifted before and are coming back from a break, you\u2019ll gain muscle faster. Thanks to muscle memory you\u2019ll regain the muscle you lost during your break faster than you build it the first time. Your strength will come back faster as well, and you\u2019ll lose fat at the same time.", "Obese guys will also build muscle while losing fat. Your shirts will get tighter in the shoulders, neck and back. But your pants will get loose around the waist. Your body-weight may not change or even increase due to the muscle gains. But you\u2019ll look better because muscle is denser than fat.", "Don\u2019t rely on mirrors to track your body\u2019s changes. Your mind can play tricks on you. Many lifters have bigorexia \u2013 they keep seeing a skinny guy in the mirror despite increasing their muscle size. It\u2019s like anorexic women seeing someone fat in the mirror while they\u2019re skinny.", "Plus your body doesn\u2019t change as fast as the weight on the bar. The mirror can make you think you\u2019re not making progress when you are. You don\u2019t notice because you\u2019re looking at it every day. But people who haven\u2019t seen you in months will notice how your body has changed.", "Take pictures instead. Front, back, side. Full body, from head to toe. Every two weeks so your body changes are large enough to notice. Be consistent with how you take them \u2013 same camera, lightning, clothes, distance, time of the day. This makes it easier to see changes.", "If you do this, you\u2019ll see enough body changes after 12 weeks to motivate you to continue. Because it will take most people at least a year to achieve dramatic changes. Again, it takes on average a year to add 24lb of lean muscle naturally. You can\u2019t accelerate this. So you have to commit long-term.", "What\u2019s the science behind this program?", "The main theory is the stimulus \u2013 recovery \u2013 adaptation cycle. Stressing your body causes fatigue. It triggers it to recover. If the stress wasn\u2019t excessive your body adapts to better handle that same stress in the future. This is the old saying \u201cwhat doesn\u2019t kill you make you stronger\u201d.", "This means that if the stress is excessive, your body can\u2019t adapt to the stress. You get more fatigue which could lead to overtraining. On the other hand, if there\u2019s too little stress, then your body has no reason to get stronger than it already is. You don\u2019t improve because you\u2019re undertraining.", "Think of lifting in hot weather. The heat is a stressor. You sweat to keep your temperature down. You lose water and must drink to recover. Your sweat glands adapt to better deal with heat. You become more efficient by sweating earlier. This cools you down faster so you can train harder for longer.", "Think also of sedentary lifestyles. Lack of physical activity is an absence of stress. Your body, bones and muscles weaken because they have no reason to be strong. This saves your body resources and energy. But your flexibility also decreases because what you don\u2019t use, you lose.", "Think of tanning too. Your skin becomes pale in the winter. And it will burn if you fly to a sunny beach and spend the whole day in the sun. You\u2019ll have to stay in the next day so your skin can recover. This is like starting this program with too much weight, getting sore and having to skip workouts.", "But you\u2019re less likely to get burned if you only spend 15mins in the sun. Your body has time to produce melanin to protect your skin. It darkens so you can stay in the sun longer. This is like starting light on this program to avoid soreness, and then gradually increasing the weight.", "People love to say everyone is different. Sure some people get darker, some burn faster. Some are naturally strong, others are weaker. Some people handle stress better. But anyone can adapt and get stronger. Just start with a small dose and slowly increase it. This is progressive overload.", "The stronger you get, the more stress you can handle. Champions lift heavier weights than beginners. But this causes more fatigue. It takes them longer to recover between workouts. That\u2019s why they can\u2019t add weight every workout anymore. It takes them longer to keep getting stronger.", "The barbell is the best tool to stress your body and cause adaptation. The weight is heavier, and you have to balance it. The big five barbell exercises use a lot of muscle. This causes a bigger hormonal response because the stress is higher. You get a bigger adaptation as a result.", "How much stress is too much, how much too little? This is where this is more art than science. You look at your progress. But best is to be conservative. If the stress was insufficient, you can always fix that with progressive overload \u2013 add weight. If it\u2019s excessive though, you\u2019re stuck.", "Check the recommended books if you want to educate yourself more.", "Does StrongLifts 5\u00d75 build muscle?", "Yes. You can gain 24lb of lean muscle the first year if you\u2019ve never done a training program like this one. That is by only training three times a week and without using supplements or drugs.", "Here\u2019s how it works: your skeletal muscles are attached to your bones by tendons. When you Squat down your hip and knee joints bend. When you Squat up, they straighten. This movement is powered by your muscles which contract to bend and straighten your legs against the weight.", "The heavier the weight on your back, the harder your muscles must contract to Squat the weight. The harder they have to work to resist gravity on the way down too. This stress triggers your leg muscles to get stronger and bigger to better handle that weight next workout.", "Most people are confused because they only see five compound exercises. There aren\u2019t any isolation exercises to work muscles directly. But this is why this program works better to build muscle \u2013 you\u2019re doing the big five exercises which work your whole body with heavier weights.", "Some people think this program only builds strength. All the gains are \u201cneurological\u2019\u2026 Of course your central nervous system adapts to the training just like your bones, tendons, heart, etc. But only a fool would think your muscles are excluded from that adaptation. If you\u2019ve lift heavy, you know better.", "You have to eat though. Lifting heavy stresses your muscles. Your body needs to recover before it can add muscle. It can\u2019t do that if you eat like a bird. No program will add muscle on your frame if you eat like a bird. No rep range of exercise will. You have to eat more to gain muscle mass.", "This is not bodybuilding program. You\u2019ll build muscle. You\u2019ll good naked if you eat properly. Girls will like it \u2013 they always have with me. But you won\u2019t look like those guys in magazines or on instagram. Many of them use drugs but won\u2019t tell you. You\u2019re naive if you think they train naturally.", "If you insist on bodybuilding, you\u2019ll get better results by doing this program first. One, you\u2019ll learn to lift with proper form on the main exercises. Two, you\u2019ll increase your strength and muscle mass. So you can do the high rep, isolation at a higher intensity later than if you started with that.", "Most guys will never go there though. Because this program builds a great body, builds strength, and takes less time. It\u2019s also a simpler and saner way to train.", "Read the guide on how to build muscle", "Can I gain mass with StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "Yes, if you eat more calories than your body burns. Adding muscle mass and getting bulky comes down to increasing your body-weight. To gain weight you have to eat more calories than your body burns. You need to create a caloric surplus. You do that by eating more food.", "There\u2019s no training program, rep range or exercise that will make you gain 20lb/45lb. Because that\u2019s the minimum you\u2019re going to have to gain if you\u2019re a skinny 60kg/135lb at 1m82/6\u20192\u2033. Lifting can help you gain weight by making you hungry post workout. But you still have to eat the food.", "Maybe you\u2019re skinny and think you eat a lot. You don\u2019t or you wouldn\u2019t be skinny. Weigh yourself every week. If your weight doesn\u2019t go up, eat more until it does. If you have a high metabolism like me, you may have to eat a lot more to gain mass. Be consistent \u2013 don\u2019t eat less some days.", "Stay away from weight gainers. They\u2019re full of sugars and will make you fat and fart. Eat quality food instead. Carbs like potatoes and oats are your friends. Eat at least three meals a day. You\u2019re probably only eating one or two now. Wake up earlier so you can start with a big breakfast.", "Read the guide on how to gain weight for skinny guys.", "Can I lose fat with StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "If you\u2019re obese, you\u2019ll lose fat while building muscle. Your body will burn calories to lift the weights. It will also burn more calories post workout for muscle recovery (this will increase your metabolism). And your body will use your fat reserves to build muscle so you can lift heavy.", "Your body-weight may not change. It can increase because of the muscles you\u2019re building. But your clothes will fit differently \u2013 pants will become looser around your waist. And your shirts will get tighter in the neck, shoulders and back. You\u2019ll look more athletic because muscle is denser than fat.", "Obese guys usually stop worrying about their weight after a while. They realize they don\u2019t really care about that number on the scale. They just want to look good and be healthy. And if they get addicted to getting stronger, they\u2019ll prefer to stay big because that helps them lift heavier weights.", "If you\u2019re not obese, the lower your body fat, the harder to lower it further on this program. You have to eat less to lose fat. But you have to eat more to build muscle. If you eat too little, your muscles can\u2019t recover well between workouts. You can\u2019t add weight, and the program can\u2019t work.", "Doing StrongLifts 5\u00d75 on a caloric deficit to lose fat is therefore a bad idea. It will work the first few weeks when the weights are light. But not when the weights get heavier. You should be eating at least maintenance calories, and then add some cardio to help fat loss.", "Remember a low body-fat is useless if you don\u2019t have muscle to show for. And you can easily lose 1lb of fat per week later, but you can only gain 0.5lb a week now. So gain muscle first. Get your Squat to 140kg/300lb. After that you can focus on lowering your body-fat if it\u2019s still needed.", "Read the guide on how to lose fat", "Does this program work for guys over 40?", "Yes. Your body doesn\u2019t recover as fast as that of younger people. But you\u2019ll gain strength and muscle, even if you\u2019ve never lifted or are in your 70s. Your age will only be a problem if you think it is.", "Older people keep telling me StrongLifts 5\u00d75 has been like a fountain of youth. If your body feels old, you feel old, and you behave like an old person. But if your body feels young, you feel young, and you behave like a younger person. Here\u2019s how this program helps you achieve that\u2026", "Build muscle. You lose muscle from inactivity and sedentary lifestyle as you age. You also lose muscle as part of the aging process \u2013 up to 10% per decade over 50. Lifting weights decreases muscle loss from aging by building muscle. You\u2019ll gain a lot of the lost muscle back.", "Lose fat. Inactivity makes you fat, especially if you don\u2019t eat less although you move less. The lost muscle is replaced by fat, and you become skinny-fat. This program reverses that by building muscle, burning calories and boosting your metabolism. You lose fat.", "Build strength. Inactivity and muscle loss turn you weak as you age. You lose balance and coordination. Your joints become weak and you lose flexibility. This program reverses that by building strength, improving balance and strengthening joints. You get less injured.", "How much strength and muscle can you gain? More than you think. Go to a powerlifting competition. There are age categories for guys in their 40s, 50s, 50s, 60s, and even past 70s. The 40y old often lift more than younger guys because building strength takes time. They\u2019ll inspire you.", "The longer you\u2019ve been inactive, the lighter the weights you\u2019ll have to start with to avoid soreness. If the empty bar is too heavy, start with a lighter 5kg/10lb bar. If that\u2019s still too heavy to Squat, do body-weight Squats for a few workouts. Move to the bar once you\u2019re stronger.", "The empty bar can be too heavy to Overhead Press as well. Try with a lighter bar of 5kg/10lb. If that\u2019s still too heavy, substitute the OHPress by the Bench Press. Bench every workout for three-four weeks to increase your upper-body strength. Then add the Overhead Press back in.", "Add weight slowly. Maximum 2.5kg/5lb per workout. 1kg/2lb is even better, and a must for the Bench and OHPress. Use proper form to avoid injuries. The program will get you stronger just like it does for younger guys. But you\u2019ll need to modify StrongLifts 5\u00d75 sooner to keep making progress.", "Here\u2019s why: you recover slower than younger guys. So you need to modify StrongLifts 5\u00d75 to increase recovery between workouts. Your body can then get stronger and lift heavier without injuries.", "Switch from 5\u00d75 to 3\u00d75 as soon as you struggle to get your reps. You don\u2019t have to wait until you fail three times or deload. Just switch already to decrease the stress of your workouts. If you feel sore all the time despite not starting too heavy, you should definitely switch.", "The next change is to get more rest days. You could take two rest days between workouts. Instead of lifting Mo/We/Fr, you\u2019d lift on Mo/Th/Su, then Wed/Sat, and then Tu/Fr. But this changes your training schedule every week. So it\u2019s not ideal for building a long-lasting gym habit.", "Better is to simply train twice a week, Monday and Thursday for example. This way you have two rest days before your Thursday workout, and three rest days before your Monday workout. You\u2019ll do about the same amount of workouts in a month, but your training schedule will be consistent.", "StrongLifts 5x5 for Older Guys", "Monday - workout A Thursday - workout B", "Squat 3x5 Squat 3x5", "Bench Press 3x5 Overhead Press 3x5", "Barbell Row 3x5 Deadlift 1x5", "You\u2019ll make progress for several workouts until you start struggling to get your reps again. You can then switch to 3\u00d73 and 1\u00d73 to improve your recovery. Or you can switch Madcow 5\u00d75 to give you a break from adding weight every workout, and switch to slower weekly increases instead.", "Your progress will be slower compared to younger guys training three times a week. But you probably aren\u2019t in a hurry anymore. Your priority is more likely to be healthy. Slowing your progress will keep you healthy by improving your recovery. You\u2019ll avoid soreness, pains and injuries.", "Keep in mind turning 40 doesn\u2019t mean you HAVE TO do these changes. A 72y old need these changes more than a 57 old, and he needs it more than a 40y old. I\u2019m 36 and still Squat three times a week. I\u2019m just more careful to avoid injuries. Look at your progress to decide what to do.", "Does StrongLifts 5\u00d75 work for women?", "Yes. The bar doesn\u2019t know you\u2019re a woman, and doesn\u2019t care. And your body reacts to stress like men do \u2013 you gain strength and muscle in response to the stress of the bar weight to better deal with that stress next time. So women should lift weights like men, and do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 like men.", "The only difference is that you\u2019ll never get the strength, size and muscle mass of a man who trains equally hard. Men have about seven times higher testosterone levels than women. Men also have more upper-body muscle mass than women. And most men are taller and bigger than women.", "That\u2019s why men don\u2019t compete against women in sports. It wouldn\u2019t be fair, just like making a 52kg powerlifter compete against a +140kg heavy weight wouldn\u2019t be fair. All male strength records are higher than women\u2019s. The top 20% women only lift what the bottom 20% of men lift.", "So you won\u2019t get big and bulky. It\u2019s hard enough for guys, it\u2019s even harder for you. Because you don\u2019t have the same size and testosterone levels to work with. Some women solve that by taking anabolic steroids. But you probably don\u2019t want to grow a moustache.", "This program will get you toned instead. This term is often misused in fitness circles. Women are usually told to lift light weights for high reps to get muscle definition without bulk. But definition comes down to a low body-fat. And bulk requires being a man or taking steroids. So that\u2019s BS.", "Muscle tone really means the tension of your muscle at rest. When you sit, your muscles contract partially to maintain posture. Toned muscles look harder at rest. But lifting light weights doesn\u2019t build hard muscles. It build soft ones. Lifting heavy builds hard muscles and thus tone.", "Anyway, if the empty bar is too heavy, start with a lighter one of 5kg/10lb. If you don\u2019t have one, Goblet Squat until you\u2019re strong enough to Squat the bar. If you can\u2019t Overhead Press the bar, Bench Press instead to increase upper-body strength. If you can\u2019t Bench the bar, bench light dumbbells first.", "I\u2019ve seen girls who could Bench Press the empty bar for 5\u00d75 the first workout, despite only weighing around 45kg/100lb. I\u2019ve seen girls who couldn\u2019t even Bench the bar for one rep. But the newbie gains are with you. You\u2019ll be able to Bench it for 5\u00d75 within a few workouts if you stick to the program.", "Since you have less testosterone, muscle and size than men, your progress will also be slower. Stick with adding 2.5kg/5lb per workout on your lifts. Get fractional plates so you can add only 1kg/2lb per workout on your Bench Press and Overhead Press. This will improve your progress.", "Can teens do StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "Yes, I started in my late teens. Even kids can do this program \u2013 Chinese weightlifters often start as early as age six. This is a huge competitive advantage as they have at least ten years of technique practice by the time they\u2019re 18. The sooner you can start lifting weights, the better.", "Lifting weights will not stunt your growth. Arnold Schwarzenegger started lifting weights at age 15 and he\u2019s 1m82/6\u20192\u2033. Lou Ferrigno and Dave Drapper also started young but are over 1m80/6\u2033 tall. Same with athletes like Shaquille O\u2019Neal, David Robinson, Karl Malone and Michael Vick.", "Some people say lifting weights can stunt your growth if you fracture your growth plates. First, how does that even happen? Dropping the bar on you? Never happened to me in 18 years of lifting. If you start light, lift in the Power Rack and don\u2019t do anything stupid, you can\u2019t break a bone by lifting.", "Two, fractures are more common in contact and collision sports. Kids playing soccer get tackled all the time. Broken bones happen more than in the gym where it\u2019s just you and the bar. And yet we don\u2019t have an epidemic of kids turned into deformed dwarfs. The fractures seem to heal fine.", "If you believe fractures can stunt your growth, then you should be more afraid of contact and collision sports than lifting. If you do these sports then it\u2019s smart to lift weights too because that increases bone density and strengthen joints. This protects you against fractures and injuries.", "But lifting weights won\u2019t stunt your growth. This myth probably started in the 80s with Olympic lifter Naim S\u00fcleymano\u011flu aka Pocket Hercules. He was only 1m47/4\u201910\u201d but could lift +180kg/400lb over his head. Some people concluded the heavy weights stopped him from growing\u2026", "This is like saying basketball players are tall because they jump. It\u2019s not correlated but selection bias. There\u2019s way more compression when you run or jump than lift, and your spine handles it fine. Lifting weights can actually make you look taller by improving your posture so you stop slouching.", "The main cause of stunted growth is malnutrition. Outside of that your height is mostly genetically determined. You\u2019ll keep growing until you\u2019re about 21, regardless of lifting weights.", "Lifting weights is good for teens. It builds discipline and improves work ethic that helps with studies later. It gives them a healthy lifestyle that keeps them from unhealthy ones like drugs and drinking. And it gives over-active kids an outlet for their higher activity level that beats taking pills.", "The key is to start light. Get a 5kg bar or even a broomstick. Focus on proper form to build good habits and avoid injuries. If it\u2019s your kid, supervise him every workout to check his form (make sure you know proper form). Praise him for good form and discourage bad form immediately.", "Most important, don\u2019t force the kid. I like lifting, you may like lifting, but not everyone does. The kid may not like it. If he\u2019s not having fun, he won\u2019t be motivated. This can lead to technical errors that can cause injury. Or he\u2019ll just hate you for forcing him. He needs to have fun first and foremost.", "Can I get results with StrongLifts 5\u00d75 if I have bad genetics?", "Yes. StrongLifts 5\u00d75 works especially well for people with bad genetics, for which never worked before. This is because most people with bad genetics have imitated routines from people with good genetics \u2013 typically one muscle a day isolation split routine crap. That rarely works for naturals, especially those with bad genetics.", "I suggest you stop worrying about your genetics. I have what people consider \u201cbad genetics\u201d \u2013 skinny wrists, skinny ankles, small shoulders, naturally skinny (ectomorph). Despite that I\u2019ve been able to gain 43lb of muscle, Squat 419lb, Deadlift 500lb. I won\u2019t break world records, but I\u2019ve reached an advanced level making me stronger than the average gym goer.", "My point is, bad genetics doin\u2019t mean you can\u2019t improve. It must means you won\u2019t get as strong and muscular as the best of the best, and that results will take longer. But most people aren\u2019t competing, and aren\u2019t on tight deadlines. You can get much stronger than the average person, and you have the time. So it doesn\u2019t matter.", "More important, there is nothing you can do about your genetics. You cannot change them. What you can change is the actions you take. You can make the decision to go to the gym week after week, no matter what. That you can control. Your genetics you cannot.", "Funny thing is that if you do the work of going to the gym week after week, people will end up thinking you have good genetics. People who didn\u2019t know me before think that I\u2019ve always been sporty and stronger and whatever. They\u2019re surprised when I tell them I started out skinny and not able to do one pushup.", "You can get results despite your genetics. You do that by focusing on your training instead of whatever genetic limitation you have. You may not be able to ever Squat 500lb. But you can definitely Squat 300lb, even with bad genetics. And that is stronger than the average gym go-er.", "Will this make me slow for sports?", "No. It will make you faster, more powerful and more explosive. The big five exercises strengthen your whole body, including your legs. Stronger legs last longer because each step takes less effort. They can do more work in a given time. In physics we call this power (P=w/t) aka explosiveness.", "What about the added bulk? Doubling your Squat will increase your muscle mass. But the added bulk isn\u2019t enough to slow you down. Gaining strength and muscle is like putting a bigger engine in your car. It weighs more, but you\u2019re still going faster. Because you\u2019re more efficient and powerful.", "Gone are the days where athletes would only practice their sports. Ronaldo and Nadal lift weights. Tiger Woods benched 300lb. Every athlete and team now has a STRENGTH and conditioning coach. Strength improves balance and coordination, reduces injuries, and makes you more explosive.", "If you do sports but don\u2019t lift weights, you\u2019re putting yourself at a disadvantage in 2017.", "Isn\u2019t Squatting 3x/week too much?", "It is if you start with your five rep max on the first workout. You\u2019ll get sore legs and won\u2019t be able to Squat again two days later. This program will look impossible to do because you started too heavy. The trick is to start light to let your body get used to Squatting three times a week.", "I used to hammer my legs every Monday by doing almost a dozen of exercises for high reps. I was often sore for a week. So when I discovered the 5\u00d75 workout in 2003 I didn\u2019t get how anyone could Squat two more times in the same week. I know now \u2013 you stop training for failure.", "Most weight lifters Squat several times a week. I once Squatted every day for 50 days. Sprinters usually sprint several times a week. Runner run several times a week. Cyclists ride their bike several times a week. Only in bodybuilding are you supposed to only train legs once a week. It\u2019s BS.", "If you can\u2019t Squat three times a week, you\u2019re not overtrained. You\u2019re undertrained. You\u2019re in bad shape that\u2019s why you can\u2019t do it. Start light, let your body get used to it, and you\u2019ll be able to do it too.", "Can I do 5\u00d75 Deadlifts?", "You can do whatever you want. The question you should ask is whether that will get you better results. Will your Deadlift increase faster? And the answer to that is no.", "First, there\u2019s a big overlap in the muscles used on the big fives. Deadlifts are like half Squats. Rows strengthen your back. Presses strengthen your arms. Your whole body gets strong. So your Deadlift increases fine with only one heavy set of five. You don\u2019t need more. This has been proven.", "Two, you can lift heavier weights on Deadlifts than any other exercise. And each rep starts from a hard dead stop. Deadlifts are therefore more stressful. 5\u00d75 Deadlifts are harder to recover from than 5\u00d75 Squats. If you don\u2019t recover from all that stress, you can\u2019t get stronger. You fail and plateau.", "Three, you lack experience. People who do 5\u00d75 Deadlifts always come to their senses later. When you have to fight to get your 5\u00d75 on Squats, and fight to get your 5\u00d75 on presses, you don\u2019t want to end your workout with a 5\u00d75 Deadlift. You\u2019re happy to finish with one heavy set of five.", "If you like Deadlifts, warmup with sets of five like my app suggests. This give you more sets without the stress of sets across with the same weight. You won\u2019t hurt your recovery and plateau.", "Does StrongLifts 5\u00d75 work with Dumbbells?", "No. StrongLifts 5\u00d75 is a barbell program. The main idea is to add 2.5kg/5lb each workout. You can\u2019t do this with dumbbells because they usually go up by 2kg/5lb. This forces you to add 4kg/10lb per workout which is too much. You\u2019ll fail miss reps quickly, get frustrated, and fail to make progress.", "Even if you have dumbbells with smaller increments, you still can\u2019t Squat heavy. The hardest part is holding the dumbbells, not Squatting them. Let\u2019s say you\u2019re so storng you can Squat with 100lb in each hand. That\u2019s still only 200lb on your legs. I Squat double that with the bar.", "The point is that it\u2019s easier to lift heavier weights with barbells than dumbbells. That\u2019s why you\u2019ll get the best results by doing the main compound exercises with barbells. It will also give you the best progression because you can use smaller increments.", "This doesn\u2019t mean that dumbbells are useless. I like dumbbell exercises and do them. But I only use dumbbells for assistance exercises \u2013 like high rep dumbbell bench press at the end of my workout, after having done heavy Barbell Bench Press first. I don\u2019t substitute heavy barbell bench Press by dumbbell bench press.", "If you only have dumbbells or only want to use dumbbells, please do a specific dumbbell program.", "Does StrongLifts 5\u00d75 work with Machines?", "No. All the results of StrongLifts 5\u00d75 that I\u2019m promising only apply if you use free weight barbells. They do not apply if you lift inside a smith machine (bar attached to rails), weight-stacked machines, and other machines like the bowflex. Using those equipments inside of barbells will lead to inferior resuls and maybe injuries.", "The main benefit of using barbells over machines is this", "Barbells force you to balance the weight yourself. Machines balance the weight for you. The smith machine for example has the bar attached to rails. You don\u2019t need to balacnce it, the machine does. That means the machine is taking work away from your muscles. You want your muscles to do all the work when lifting weights. Because the more muscles work, and the harder they work, the stronger and more muscular you\u2019ll be.", "Barbells allow you to use natural movements. Because since the bar is not attached to rails, you can decide where the bar goes. With smith machines and other machines, the machine decides where the bar goes. This can force your body into unnatural movements that can injure your joints and lower back \u2013 especially once you start to go heavy.", "Back in 1999, when I started lifting, I trained mostly on machines for the first years. I did a lot of smith machine squats and chest machine press and all of that. One day the smith machine was taken, I decided to do free squats, and to my surprise I couldn\u2019t lift what I could lift on the smith machine. I couldn\u2019t balance the weight, it was heavier.", "I switched to free weights after that. Because that experience made me understand that free weights have to be superior to machines because the movement feels harder. It is harder because more muscles have to work to balance and lift the weight, since no machine is assisting you.", "If you want to do StrongLifts 5\u00d75, and you want to get the best results, use free weights. If your gym doens\u2019t have free weights, switch to another gym. I understand it may not be practical, but that is what I would do \u2013 because I want to train as efficiently as possible, and you need barbells for that.", "Some people don\u2019t care about efficient training, they don\u2019t care about getting the maximum strength and muscle they can. They just want to get a little \u201cfitter\u201d. To me that\u2019s boring. But if you\u2019re fine with then, then choose a machine-based program. Don\u2019t bastardize StrongLifts 5\u00d75 by using subpar equipment.", "What if my gym doesn\u2019t have barbells to do StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "What I would do is stop going to that gym, and go to a real gym. StrongLifts 5\u00d75 is a free weight, barbell training program. It uses barbells because that\u2019s the most effective way to get stronger. Machines, dumbbells, smith machines, cables, are not as effective and thus inferior solutions.", "You can be stubborn and use inferior equipment anyway. But your solution doesn\u2019t scale: you won\u2019t be able to progress like people using free weight barbells. You will fail reps sooner, especially if you use dumbbells. You\u2019ll get pains if you use smith machines because you\u2019ll struggle to squat and bench with proper form.", "Many people have been stubborn before you, and come around later. When you come around and decide to use free weight, you\u2019ll have to start from scratch. Because form is different when you have to balance the bar yourself. So you\u2019ll have to start light again to learn how to do exercises correctly.", "It\u2019s a big waste of your time. Just do it right from the get go. Cancel your gym membership, and go to a proper one. You paid for a year? They don\u2019t want refund you? Tell them to keep the money. Take your loss and join a proper gym anyway (I can\u2019t believe who will continue to go to a bad gym because they paid for a year \u2013 take your loss).", "If you insist on keep going to your gym, and use that bad equipment, then do another routine. I will not help you adapt StrongLifts 5\u00d75 to your equipment, because that would be ineffective and a waste of time. I hate wasting my time, so I\u2019m not going to help you waste yours. Come back when you have proper equipment and I\u2019ll be happy to help you then.", "How Can I Mix StrongLifts 5\u00d75 with Crossfit?", "StrongLifts 5\u00d75 is already a full training program. You should not mix it with another program. You need the rest days between StrongLifts 5\u00d75 workouts to get results. If you train on rest days, your body can\u2019t recover, and without recovery it can\u2019t get stronger and build muscle.", "So doing StrongLifts 5\u00d75 three times a week, and then Crossfit 5x/week won\u2019t work. Do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 three times a week, or do Crossfit 5x/week. If you insist on doing both, then do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 on mo/we/fr, and Crossfit Saturday \u2013 yes, only one Crossfit session.", "I\u2019ve never done Crossfit, but train in Crossfit gyms since I sold my home gym. Most casual Crossfitters I\u2019ve met should get stronger, build muscle and improve their form. You probably do too. So do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 for a few months, then go back to Crossfit \u2013 it will be easier.", "Should I take a week off StrongLifters 5\u00d75 every 8-12 weeks?", "No. The program is only 3 workouts per week. That means you\u2019re already getting four rest days a week. Add the extra rest days that most people take by skipping a workout here and there. And then consider the deloads once youstart failing reps. Rest is built into the program, and you\u2019re already get enough.", "Besides, a week off training is not going to make you stronger. It\u2019s going to cause detraining. The weight is going to feel heavier when you resume training, and your form will be off due to the lack of practice. You\u2019re going to lose strength and skill. So everything will be harder.", "If you want a break, then do a lighter week where you lift 10% less or only do two sets or only go to the gym twice, something like that. But don\u2019t stay at home doing nothing. That\u2019s just being lazy. Your workouts will be harder the week after which can make you lose motivation.", "Do I need a training partner for StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "No. I\u2019ve been training mostly alone since I started lifting in 1999. Most people will drag you down, so you\u2019re often better off alone.", "If you can find someone who has been lifting for some time, who has results to show for, who knows how to train properly, and lifts decent numbers\u2026 then I recommend you train with him. My early mentor was like that, and I learned a ton from him.", "Your best friend who want to start lifting with you is usually a bad training partner. He\u2019s a beginner like you, doesn\u2019t have any lifting knowledge or experience. He will be of no help. He can just drag you down by not showing up, complaining about how lifting is hard, implant bad ideas like let\u2019s skip today\u2019s workout, distracting you with other workouts, etc", "There\u2019s no question that you train better with a trainingpartner than alone. I\u2019ve had my best workouts with training partners. The problem is that good ones are hard to find. Most people just \u201cdon\u2019t have it\u201d. They won\u2019t push you train hard, won\u2019t motivate you, won\u2019t inspire you, won\u2019t add anything.", "That\u2019s why you are usually better off alone.", "Do I need a spotter to do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 safely?", "No. I\u2019ve lifted weights without spotter for the majority of the past 19 years.", "Spotters are no guarantee for safety. Most people don\u2019t know how to spot properly. Or they may not pay attention and fail to spot you when you miss reps. Even if you have a great spotter, your may not always be able to train together due to conflicting schedules.", "Power Racks are always available, and more reliable for Squats and Bench Press. You just set the safety pins at the proper height so that they can catch the weight when you fail. Done.", "For Deadlifts and Rows you don\u2019t need a spotter since you can\u2019t get stuck under the bar. If you can\u2019t lift it, just return the weight to the floor.", "You don\u2019t need a spotter for Overhead Press either. If you can\u2019t lift the weight overhead, you just return it to your shoulders and rack the bar.", "The bar will not fall on your head if you fail on the Overhead Press. The hardest part is the bottom \u2013 getting it from shoulders past your forehead. If you get past your head you can lock it out safely. If you can\u2019t get it past your forehead, you just return it to your shoulders and rack the weight.", "The one you stick to. It doesn\u2019t matter what time of the day is best. If you can\u2019t stick to it long-term, your program won\u2019t work. Train at the time that works best for you and your schedule.", "Most people train in the evening because they work nine to five. You may have to wait for the Power Rack to be free, which increases the time you spend in the gym. I never have this problem though as I just ask if I can train inbetween. I\u2019ve never been refused in 18 years of lifting.", "Some people avoid training on Monday and Tuesday. The gyms are always more crowded because people want to make up for pigging out on the weekend. But that means you\u2019ll have to train Saturday or Sunday. I prefer to have my weekend off so I usually train on Monday/Tuesday.", "You can try to get there before everyone else. Start work an hour or two earlier if you can. This way you can already leave around four and start lifting before the crowds arrives. This also prevents working out too late which can keep you up by raising your body temperature.", "Training in the morning is best if you have unpredictable work hours. Whatever happens the rest of the day, you already did your workout. You\u2019re more consistent because a longer work day no longer causes you to skip your workout. You progress better as a result.", "It\u2019s not easy though. You have to wake up earlier. Your gym has to be open early enough so you can get your workout in before work. The gym won\u2019t be crowded but that also means less or no spotters. And if you had a hard workout in the morning, you can feel tired afterwards and need a nap.", "Some people feel weaker in the morning. This is either from not sleeping properly the night before, or from not giving it enough time to adapt. I once Squatted around 400lb for 50 mornings in a row. While I do seem stronger in the afternoon/evening, it\u2019s not by much. You can do it.", "Eat before your morning workout so you can train harder. Keep the meal small so you don\u2019t feel sick while you lift. Eat at least 45min before going to the gym, first thing on waking up, so it can go down. If you don\u2019t have the time, have a protein shake instead \u2013 liquid food digests faster.", "Whatever time you choose, make it consistent. Choose the same days and times every week. This creates a habit that will pull you to the gym over time, instead of you pulling yourself there. It works even better if you workout right after or before work, so you go from one to the other.", "Note there is no maximum workout time. You don\u2019t have to finish within 45 minutes to avoid muscle breakdown. The idea behind that is to not do gazillions of exercises like some people. Take as much time as you need to do your exercises properly and get your reps.", "Should I workout if I\u2019m sick?", "I do. Now I\u2019m rarely sick because lifting weights boosts your immune system. I happens maybe three times a year. But I usually train anyway, don\u2019t feel much weaker, and feel better post workout.", "This is controversial. Some say you shouldn\u2019t stress your body more by lifting weights, so it can fight the sickness. Others say you should stay home to not make others sick. I say if I only trained when all was perfect, I wouldn\u2019t train much. Consistency is key and requires training when sick.", "The only exception is if you have the flu. I caught it years ago, tried to lift but was just weak. I spent the rest of the week in bed, sleeping most of the day. This is one of the rare times where I didn\u2019t train due to sickness. If you catch the flu, it\u2019s probably best to take several days off.", "But not if you have a cold, running nose, sore throat or mere headache. Just go. You\u2019ll probably feel better afterwards. Obviously clean the equipment when you\u2019re done if you train in a gym.", "How heavy you should lift depends on how you feel. Rule of thumb is to always go to the gym and try. If your warmup sets feels good, keep going. If they feel terrible, only do your warmup sets and call it a day. Or do one heavy set of five instead of the full five. And skip all the assistance/cardio.", "If you catch the flu and take a week off training, you\u2019ll have to lower the weight when you come back. Take 10% off on every exercise to deal with the strength loss. If you barely ate anything while you were sick, you\u2019ll probably need to take 20% or more off. You\u2019ll get the strength back quickly.", "What if I don\u2019t feel like lifting today?", "Lift anyway. It doesn\u2019t matter how you feel. Motivation is over-rated.", "If I waited to lift only when I felt like it or was motivated, I wouldn\u2019t train much. Now I do love lifting and enjoy it a lot. But there are plenty of times where the motivation isn\u2019t there. But the presence of motivation doesn\u2019t determine if I go to the gym or not. My schedule does: I have fixed days and times were I go to the gym. I don\u2019t deviate from it.", "To some people that sounds extreme. It doesn\u2019t sound like a big deal to skip today\u2019s workout. You can go tomorrow after all. But most people who think that way will not go tomorrow. Or the day after. Everyone who quit training, it started with one silly workout they skipped.", "I know this. And that\u2019s why I don\u2019t skip workout. That is also why I\u2019ve been so consistent since I started lifting in 1999.", "If you try this, you\u2019ll see that sometimes, you didn\u2019t feel like training, went to the gym anyway, and once you started Squatting, you become motivated. I think it\u2019s because you overcame that inertia, so know you start feeling good about it.", "Other times, it\u2019s just going to suck. That\u2019s fine. Just do your best. You\u2019ll notice that once you\u2019ve finished your workout, you\u2019ll be happy to have trained anyway. You\u2019re always happy to have gone in the gym afterwards.", "Fact is, feeling unmotivated doesn\u2019t mean you\u2019ll have a bad workout. Nor does feeling motivated guarantees you\u2019ll have a great workout.", "If you lack motivation over long periods of times (week, months), something is probably off with your training. But for day to day decision making about going to the gym, how you feel doesn\u2019t matter. Stick to your plan, and go.", "What if I\u2019m embarrassed to go the gym?", "Nobody cares about how much you lift. I\u2019ve been weak, now I\u2019m stronger, it doesn\u2019t make much difference. Most people mind their own business, and a lot of people don\u2019t understand what a 400lb Squat is anyway. I have friend who Squat over 700lb, and nobody bats an eye when they train in regular gyms.", "Now there may be the occasional jackass who may give you weird look or laughs from the corner. Screw him. You\u2019re going to go from empty bar to 100kg/220lb Squat within 3 months. You\u2019re going to end up Squatting more than him. Let him laugh and hope he\u2019ll remember you. You\u2019ll have the last laugh in three months.", "Yes I\u2019m telling you to use negative feelings to motivate you to change. Because I believe it\u2019s good to feel embarrassed and ashamed about being weak and skinny.I was embarrassed when I lost arm wrestling to all my friends in my teens. But that feeling of shame was what motivated me to take action and work on getting stronger.", "Just go, ignore the other people, follow the program. You\u2019ll get stronger.", "Should I lift if I\u2019m sore?", "Yes. It\u2019s counter-intuitive, but this will help getting rid of the soreness faster. By lifting again, you flush blood and nutrients to the sore muscles. This helps them recover faster.", "Most people will prefer to not lift when they\u2019re sore. They prefer to wait until the soreness is gone. But soreness doesn\u2019t mean the strength isn\u2019t there. And by not lifting, the soreness and discomfort will last longer. Plus you\u2019re skipping workouts which breaks consistency.", "Try it: go to the gym, warmup, and you\u2019ll see that the muscles will feel better. And make sure you didn\u2019t start too heavy. The first workouts should be easy. Don\u2019t make the mistake of starting with your max.", "Can I do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 every day?", "No. Because as explained above, your body needs rest days to recover from the stress of lifting weights. If you train every single day, your body doesn\u2019t get to rest properly for the next workout. After a while you\u2019ll start missing reps and fail to add weight each workout. That\u2019s when you\u2019ll start taking rest days anyway.", "Most people don\u2019t need to train every day to get results. You get plenty of results by training three times a week already. I\u2019ve been training since 1999 and don\u2019t train more than four times a week. You can get stronger and more muscular than most people with just three workouts a week.", "Impatience is bad when it comes to lifting. But if it\u2019s impatience that makes you want to do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 every day, then add more weight each workout instead. Use bigger increments of 5kg/10lb for a while. This will make you progress at double the rate, like when training every day, but while getting rest days between workouts.", "Can I do workouts for arms/ab/back/etc on off days?", "No, because then you\u2019re not getting any rest. Your body needs rest days as explained all over this guide. You need both workout AND rest days to get results on StrongLifts 5\u00d75. The program doesn\u2019t work if you don\u2019t get any rest \u2013 especially once the weights get really heavy, which they will quite fast.", "If you really want to add extra exercises for arms/abs, then do them at the end of your workout as described above. Your workouts will take slightly longer, but this way you have four rest days a week. If you don\u2019t have time to do them post-workout, then do those things on Saturday (assuming you train mo/we/fr). This way you have 3 full rest days.", "I have to start over due to bad form. How much weight do you suggest?", "Depends on what kind of technical errors you were making. In general:", "Range of motion errors \u2013 like you did a half Squat instead of breaking parallel. Correcting that means the same weight is going to be harder. Because it will travel a longer distance now. In these cases starting with about a third of what you were doing before is probably best (about 70kg if you were doing 100kg)", "Bad form \u2013 knees coming in on Squats or back rounding on Deadlifts, or using a too narrow/wide grip on bench/oh press. Sometimes you can fix these without lowering the weights. Try it. If you can\u2019t, then drop the weight by 20%, and slowly increase the weight again.", "You do not have to start from scratch with the empty bar! (unless you caught yourself using bad form 2-3 weeks in, and so your weights are still light). Only lower the weight as much as you need to be able to perform and maintain proper form.", "Can I Squat less deep if I think I\u2019m going to stall?", "No. The range of motion has to be the same on every rep, every set, every workout. Otherwise you don\u2019t know if you can lift more weight because you\u2019re getting stronger, or because you\u2019re using a different range of motion.", "The less deep you Squat, the easier it will be to Squat the weight because it travels a shorter distance. The minimum distance the bar must travel for the rep to be valid, is until your hips are lower than the top of your knees at the bottom of each Squat rep. You don\u2019t need to go lower than that. But you need to go at least that low.", "You do not have to Squat all the way down until your hips touch your ankles (ass-to-grass). If you were doing that, stop doing it, and progress will be easier for a few workouts. But you\u2019ll probably need to adjust your form a little, as it\u2019s going to feel different.", "What you don\u2019t do is turn your proper form, parallel Squats into half Squats. Nor do you start doing half bench presses when that gets hard, you continue to touch your chest on each rep and lock your elbows at the top. You use the same range of motion all the time.", "If you think you\u2019re going to stall, and you\u2019re afraid of failing reps, then consider it a fail, deload appropriately, and work your way back up.", "How should I train if I\u2019m traveling for work and only have access to hotel gyms?", "Most hotel gyms don\u2019t have barbells and power racks. They usually only have light dumbbells and tons of cardio equipment. StrongLifts 5\u00d75 doesn\u2019t work with dumbbells as already discussed \u2013 doing dumbbell Squats and Deadlifts is a plain waste of time. I hate wasting my time with less effecgtive stuff, so I\u2019d rather do nothing than that.", "Now I travel a lot, but never train in hotels. What I do is to go the local Crossfit. Most major cities have one. Crossfitters Squat and Deadlift like us. Their gyms are huge and have barbells/ and racks to Squat/Deadlift heavy. So I go to the local crossfit and train there.", "You don\u2019t have to join the Crossfit classes. Just go during open hours, and do your StrongLifts 5\u00d75 workout. Pay the daily drop-in rate and do your trianing. This way you\u2019re not skipping workouts, not doing subpar training that causes strength loss, you can just continue to progress.", "I\u2019ve been training only in Crossfit gyms since I sold my home gym in 2016, and it has worked great.", "What if I hate Squats/Rows/Bench/whatever?", "Usually, the exercise you hate is the one you should do the most. Whenever people hate an exercise it\u2019s because they\u2019re bad at it. They\u2019re weak at that exercise, or they can\u2019t figure out how to use proper form. So they want to substitute the exercise for an easier one \u2013 like Rows for dumbbell rows.", "The first problem with that is that you\u2019re never going to get good at that exercise if you don\u2019t do it. If you want to get good at that exercise, if you want better form, if you want to get stronger at it, you need to do that exercise more. A lot of strength depends on skill, and skills comes through deliberate practice.", "The second issue is it\u2019s the wrong way to deal with being stuck. Getting stronger is a linear process on paper where you simply add weight each workout. But in practice that journey is paved with lots of ups and downs. Plateaus are what causes those ups and downs.", "You hating that exercise because you can\u2019t figure out its form is your first plateau. You will encounter many other plateaus later because plateaus are part of strength training. How do you expect to push through future plateaus when you\u2019re giving up on the first one?", "Weakness and bad form are things you need to figure it out. You\u2019re not going to get anywhere if you can\u2019t figure out how to do a Squat. There\u2019s no substitute for this exercise. You either figure how to do it, or you waste your time with inferior exercises like a leg press or lunges.", "Of course if Bench Press keeps hurting your shoulders, then do close grip bench press instead. But try to at least figure out why it hurts. In many cases the issue is bad form. Most people never address that bad form but directly go for substitutions. That\u2019s just lazy.", "Will Smoking Hinder My Gains on StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "Probably not. I smoked for 10 years, and gained strength and muscle regardless. Then again, I was a weekend smoker. In the long run it\u2019s better for your health to quit smoking. Right now just start lifting. You don\u2019t have to fix everything at the same time.", "If you decide to quit later on, I recommend Allen Carr\u2019s Stop Smoking. Reading that book made me quit cold-turkey in 2006. I haven\u2019t touched a cigarette since then, and am glad I don\u2019t touch that crap anymore. I never liked it anyway.", "Will Alcohol Hinder My Gains on StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "Depends how much alcohol you\u2019re talking about.", "If you get drunk every night because you go out with colleagues after work, you\u2019re going to have a hard time the next day in the gym. Alcohol hurts sleep quality and dehydrates. You\u2019ll feel less motivated, struggle to train hard, and will feel weaker. It\u2019s very tempting to skip workouts with that kind of lifestyle.", "Guys also tend to eat junk food after drinking a lot of alcohol. That is on top of the massive amounts of sugar added to alcohol nowadays. None of that is helping you to build lean muscular body.", "One trick is to drink massive amounts of water before going to bed. This prevents dehydration from alcohol. You\u2019ll wake up to pee a lot, and will feel tired the next day. But at least you don\u2019t wake up with a headache and will be able to eat. That will make lifting easier after a night drinking.", "But the obvious solution here is to stop drinking so much. I rarely drink, and friends know. If I just met the guy and he doesn\u2019t know I don\u2019t drink, I just tell him I don\u2019t. I can have fun without. And then I don\u2019t drink. That\u2019s all the explanation I usually need.", "If you have the occasional drink here or there, alcohol is obviously not an issue. I rarely drink, but when I do it\u2019s one drink max.", "How to Convince my Friend to do StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "Let your results do the talking. When you can Squat +100kg/220lb, and have gained several pounds of muscles, you\u2019ll get his attention. He\u2019ll want to know what you\u2019re doing, and give it a try so that he\u2019s not \u201cbeing left out\u201d.", "You can also send him the link to this guide, so that he can read himself.", "Is it okay to lift in cold weather?", "Yes. I trained in a cold garage for 12 years. My home gym was in the garage of my parents. Winters usually don\u2019t get colder than -10\u00b0 C (14\u00b0 Fahreheit) in Belgium. But my parent\u2019s garage was an old building and badly insulated. So whatever the temperature outside, was the temperature I had to lift in.", "The biggest challenge when it\u2019s cold, is that it\u2019s harder to motivate yourself to step in the cold and lift. Your inner voice is going to tell you to skip the workout. The way I dealt was to come home from work, dress warm, go to the gym, start lifting.", "Don\u2019t give yourself time to think by winding down after work first. You won\u2019t want to leave that warm environment after. Keep moving by lifting immediately after work.", "Dress warm to handle the cold. I would wear a woolen hat and gloves, thick pullover, and long paints. You\u2019ll need to warmup a little more to increase your body temperature. A 5min jog can help for that (I would just run a few circles in the garage).", "The bar will feel cold on your hand, which is why I would wear woolen gloves. Once the bar is warm from your body temperature, you can remove the gloves so you have better bar control. If you can, you can also keep the bar in your home where it\u2019s warm, and only take it out when it\u2019s time to lift.", "Usually by the time you\u2019ve warmed up for Squats and do your first warmup set, your body temperature should be high enough that you don\u2019t need the woolen hat and pullover anymore. I would often remove them for my set, then put it back on during sets.", "I\u2019m 35. Am I too old for this?", "I\u2019m 37. I\u2019m stronger and more muscular than in my 20s. I have less injuries thanks to smarter training and less ego. I haven\u2019t seen any issues related to now getting close to 40. I\u2019ve been lifting for 20 years now and plan to lift for the next 20 and more.", "If you\u2019re afraid of injuries, that can happen whatever age \u2013 make sure you warmup properly, and use proper form. If you\u2019re afraid of not making gains \u2013 you will make gains.", "It seems like some guys think they\u2019re too old for doing this. I think it\u2019s because you\u2019re doing this that you feel old. It\u2019s your old people thinking that cause old people behavior, that makes you feel old. Start lifting and you\u2019ll start feeling younger.", "What about stretching?", "Lifting weights doesn\u2019t decrease flexibility. This is a myth spread by people doing mostly isolation. Powerlifters and Olympic lifters have to be flexible otherwise they couldn\u2019t bring their hips below their knees when they Squat. Regularly doing Squats actually maintains flexibility.", "If you\u2019ve been sedentary for years, you might need to stretch. What you don\u2019t use, you lose. If you never move your muscles through a full range of motion, they tighten up. So you lose the ability to move properly which can cause bad form. Common examples include\u2026", "Tight hips prevent your knees to stay out when you Squat. This causes lower back rounding aka butt wink on Squats \u2013 which causes back pain. Stretching can help you keep your knees out so your spine stays neutral. It also helps breaking parallel more easily.", "Tight shoulders prevent you to lockout the bar over your shoulders on the Overhead Press. It has to stay in front which is harder. Your spine can compensate by arching to get the bar balanced over your shoulders. But this can cause lower back pain.", "Stretching can help you regain the mobility you lost. It can improve your technique if limited range of motion was causing bad form. This can eliminate nagging pains and help you lift heavier weights. After that, doing exercises like Squats with proper form help you maintain that flexibility.", "But stretching isn\u2019t always the solution for bad form. You do need proper mobility to Squat with your knees out. But you also need to control your muscles while you move so you achieve proper form. That control requires a conscious effort from your part, as well as strength.", "Stretching doesn\u2019t teach you to stay tight. You\u2019re not generating force like when you do heavy Squat. You\u2019re relaxing. So don\u2019t be surprised if your Squat doesn\u2019t improve despite starting yoga. You may regain lost range of motion, but you still have to Squat to improve your Squat technique.", "Stretch movements, not muscles. Compound exercises work several muscles at the same time. It therefore doesn\u2019t make sense to do stretches like toe-touches. That\u2019s the equivalent of an isolation exercise. Do stretches that work several muscles at the same time, like the Squat stretch.", "You can stretch pre-workout (I don\u2019t). But it doesn\u2019t replace your warmup. You still have to start with an empty bar and work your way up. This works better because you can practice proper form. It warms up your muscles and prepares you for the heavy weights using lighter weights.", "I mostly do the Squat Stretch (hips/ankles) and passive hangs (shoulders/spine). I do the former after Squats, the latter between sets. You don\u2019t need gazillions of exercises \u2013 keep it simple.", "Flexibility comes faster than strength. Stretching takes more work at first and can be uncomfortable. But if you do it consistently you\u2019ll improve in a matter of weeks. It takes less work after that as the exercises of StrongLifts 5\u00d75 will help you maintain flexibility.", "How to Deadlift with Proper Form: The Definitive Guide" ] } ] }, "timestamp": null }, { "action": "Wizard => Apprentice", "text": "I am unsure, but it's easy to lookup. It was made popular on The Strongest Shall Survive with Bill Starr.", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.t-nation.com/training/the-new-5x5", "title": "The New 5x5 T Nation", "content": [ "How to Make 5x5 Training Even Better", "Few programs are as mythical in the strength training world as the 5x5 system. It was the cornerstone of Reg Park s training (Arnold s idol), but it was first popularized by Bill Starr with his book, The Strongest Shall Survive.", "There are tons of variants. Heck, even Mark Rippetoe s Starting Strength is a lower-volume version of the 5x5 system.", "5x5: The Basics", "While there are several 5x5 set/rep systems, most true 5x5 systems originate from Bill Starr s approach. Here are the basics:", "3 big lifts per workout (squat, power clean, and bench press in the original plan)", "Training the same 3 big lifts 3 days a week", "One day is a heavy day (using 80-85% of your 1RM). The next training day is a light day that uses around 15-20% less weight than on the heavy day. The third training day is a moderate day where you use weights that are around 10% lighter than the heavy day.", "You typically add 1-2 minor assistance exercises to the workout for 1-3 sets of 10, e.g., back extensions.", "The system has a lot of things I like and some I don t. I love the frequency of the traditional approach (hitting the big lifts three days a week). I strongly believe in training the big lifts more often to gain strength as rapidly as possible. I also like the focus on the big basics as well as the low reps.", "Is 5x5 really the best way to get stronger? The short answer is no, because there s no such thing as a best program for strength.", "But let s examine the 5x5 approach and look at why it is indeed a very good program and what its limitations might be. Afterwards, I ll present a superior alternative.", "5x5 Under the Microscope", "Here s how the program stacks up to the various physiological elements that make a body stronger:", "1 \u2013 Muscle Fiber Recruitment", "Science tells us that the weight lifted needs to represent 80% of your maximum to recruit the greatest number of muscle fibers. Indeed, the heavy day of the 5x5 system has you using 80-85% of your 1RM on the bar.", "If we break down a heavy day set, it would look like the following chart. Bear in mind that fatigue saps you of between 2-4% of your strength on every rep. By rep number 5 your strength potential is lower than it was in the first repetition. Accordingly, the bar will be relatively heavier.", "Rep Weight on Bar Fatigue Relative Weight", "1 85% 0% 85%", "As you can see, you re above 80-85% in all the reps, so it s all good as far as muscle fiber recruitment.", "But what about the medium and light days? Let s say you start at 75% of your 1RM. This is what it looks like:", "Out of 5 reps, 3 of them achieve complete muscle fiber recruitment, so you re not looking as good as you did on the heavy day in terms of recruitment.", "Now take a look at the light days where you re using about 70% of your 1RM:", "In this case, only 1 or 2 reps achieve maximum fiber recruitment. It s not ideal, but it isn t a complete waste either. However, if you had chosen to go with 65% of your 1RM \u2013 which is still within the traditional 5x5 guidelines \u2013 then you d have done 0 reps with maximal recruitment.", "Now, it doesn t mean that the medium and light days do nothing for strength, but from a muscle fiber recruitment perspective, only the heavy day does a good job.", "2 \u2013 Muscle Mass", "Can you build muscle with sets of 5 reps? Absolutely. But you do need to push those sets fairly hard.", "If you look at the theory of maximally effective reps by Chris Beardsley, a maximally effective rep is a rep where there is full fiber recruitment, so you re imposing mechanical stress on the fast twitch fibers that have the greater growth potential.", "To stimulate maximum muscle mass, we need 15-25 maximally effective reps per muscle. Since 5x5 has us using only one exercise per muscle group, all those maximally effective reps per muscle have to come from one exercise.", "On the heavy 5x5 day, you re using 80-85% of your 1RM. This means all of your reps are maximally effective reps. That s 25 maximally effective reps and that translates to a great muscle-growth day.", "If we look at the moderate day in the table above, we see that we have 3 maximally effective reps per set. That gives us 15 maximally effective reps per exercise. We re still in the right zone, which means that this workout, too, will be effective at stimulating growth.", "As for the light day, it won t have much of an impact on muscle growth since we re only getting 5 maximally effective reps or less in that session.", "Regardless, the take-home message is that the traditional 5x5 system with a heavy/light/medium set-up will indeed build enough muscle to help us gain strength.", "3 \u2013 Muscle Fiber Firing Rate", "Firing rate increases when the relative load starts to exceed 80% of 1RM. The closer you get to 100%, the higher it is. And since having a high firing rate is a motor skill, the greater the amount of practice you get, the better you become.", "If you re efficient at creating a high firing rate, you ll become a lot stronger during maximum efforts. So, what we re looking for is a large proportion of reps that have a high firing rate. The higher the ratio of high firing rate to low/medium firing rate, the better you become at using that high firing rate during max efforts. This is the true secret to high levels of strength.", "On the heavy day of the 5x5 program, we have 4 out of 5 reps that have a high firing rate. That s 20 reps out of 25 for the workout, which is pretty darn good!", "As far as the moderate/medium days, only 5 out of 25 reps hit the target muscle fiber firing rate. That s better than nothing, but not enough to improve the nervous system capacity to program a high firing rate.", "On the light days, we come up empty handed. No reps hit the minimum threshold.", "When you consider the whole training week, only 25 out of 75 reps have a high firing rate. The program might cause some overall improvements in your ability to achieve higher fiber firing rates and get stronger, but it will be far from optimal.", "4 \u2013 Intra and Intermuscular Coordination", "This is one area where 5x5 is very effective. You re essentially doing the same three big lifts over and over, training them three days a week. This is a great way to improve performance via an increase in intra and intermuscular coordination. You ll also improve your technique.", "I m a huge believer in the frequency of practice when it comes to increasing performance on a lift. That s why in Olympic lifting they pretty much focus exclusively on the snatch, clean & jerk, and squat.", "Think about it. Let s say there was a contest \u2013 the person who increases his squat the most in 6 weeks wins ten million dollars. Would you really squat only once a week? Of course not. You d likely squat every damn day!", "There s no question that doing the same lift more often will boost your strength faster on that lift, even if the other elements aren t maximized.", "5 \u2013 Feeling Secure", "I m not only talking about being confident about a lift, but how secure your brain feels while doing a movement. This involves stability (bracing properly, stabilizing the joints, having good movement mechanics, being in control of the movement) and the desensitization of the Golgi tendon organs.", "These GTOs are mechanisms that protect you against yourself. When they sense that your muscles are producing too much force for their own good, they will inhibit further force production. In most people, the GTOs are extremely conservative, but the more heavy lifting you do, the more they become desensitized and allow you to use a greater percentage of your strength potential.", "Feeling secure would also include not being overwhelmed by a heavy load.", "Now, your technique will improve simply by practicing a lift three days a week, and you will naturally become more comfortable with the movements. However, the weights used in 5x5 aren t heavy enough to get you psychologically used to maximal loads, nor are they enough to greatly desensitize the GTOs \u2013 especially on the medium and light days.", "The 5x5 approach is pretty damn good for building strength. However, it might not necessarily translate to a proportional increase in 1RM strength.", "For example, if your 5RM strength increases by 20%, maybe your 1RM will increase only by 10%. Furthermore, the light days don t contribute much to strength improvement. They work for technique improvements, but they won t build muscle and they won t get you stronger. They re more for recovery and technique work.", "How to Make 5x5 Better", "The 5x5 system actually shares many similarities with how I train athletes. I have them hit the whole body three days a week with 3-4 lifts per workout. I use different sets/reps schemes, but the principles are similar.", "One other difference is that I focus on different types of contractions. On one day we emphasize the eccentric or negative (slow eccentrics for example) and on another we emphasize the isometric component (including pauses during the movement). The other session consists of regular lifting.", "You could easily use that approach with the 5x5 system. You d use a slow eccentric on the moderate days and use pauses during lifts on light days. This allows you to get a stronger training effect, even with the lighter loads.", "That s because the motor pattern is different during an eccentric and isometric action. For example, in an eccentric action you preferentially recruit the fast-twitch fibers. On top of that, the main way of increasing strength during the eccentric is by increasing firing rate. So, with slow eccentrics, as you re getting fatigued, the firing rate will increase even if the load doesn t exceed 85% of what you can lift at that moment.", "Furthermore, emphasizing the eccentric can thicken the tendons and the part of the muscle fibers closer to the tendon. This will make the body feel more secure about lifting heavy weights.", "Lastly, a slow eccentric works well in developing technique, and the better your technique, the more you ll be able to apply your strength.", "Below is an example of one of the bobsled athletes I work with doing slow eccentrics (8 seconds down) with 200kg (440 pounds):", "And next is a video of a pro beach volleyball player doing a set of 6 reps with 225 pounds and a 5-6 second eccentric:", "As far as isometric pauses, they allow you to improve technique and rigidity/stability. In an isometric action, you have a much greater activation of the synergists and antagonist muscles than you do in an eccentric or concentric action. This will develop the capacity to be stable and solid under load. You ll also force your muscles to work together to perform optimally.", "Here s another client doing three 2-second pauses during a squat (sometimes we use one longer, 5-second pause at the mid-range):", "5x5: Improved!", "Day 1 \u2013 Heavy", "Load:\u200280-85% of 1RM", "Sets:\u20025", "Reps per set:\u20025", "Tempo:\u2002Normal (2 seconds down, 1 second up)", "Rest:\u20023-4 minutes", "Day 2 \u2013 Light", "Tempo:\u2002Either two 3-second pauses during the eccentric or one 5-second pause at mid-range", "Day 2 \u2013 Medium", "Tempo:\u20025 second eccentric", "You could successfully use this for 6 weeks, but if your goal is to develop maximal strength, you d need to approach it differently. Do a 3-4 week phase that includes lifting in the 90% zone. A week of this approach would look like this:", "Reps per set:\u20021 x 5, 1 x 4, 1 x 3, 1 x 2, 1x 1", "Tempo:\u20025 seconds eccentric (5010)", "The 5x5 loading scheme has stood the test of time, which means it works as advertised. However, that doesn t mean it s perfect and can t be improved upon.", "Look at any program objectively. Being attracted by the hype and aura of a program can be a good thing as it will get you excited. That will help you train harder. However, it will also prevent you from understanding why something works (or doesn t) and how it can be made even better.", "Related:\u20025 Best Loading Schemes for Size & Strength", "Related:\u2002The Best Rep Scheme for Greater Gains" ] }, { "url": "https://www.menshealth.com/uk/building-muscle/a757350/why-5x5-is-the-ultimate-way-to-build-lean-muscle/", "title": "Why 5x5 is the Ultimate Way to Build Lean Muscle", "content": [ "Why 5x5 is the Ultimate Way to Build Lean Muscle", "Expect chalk, sweat and tears in PT Callum Melly s less is more\u2019 strength plan", "Dust off your lifting straps, leave your ego at the door and make your home in the squat rack. Welcome to 5x5 training.", "Nothing has further highlighted to me the importance of rest, recovery and nutrition than 5x5 training; three days a week that will build your body brick by brick, burn fat and develop lean muscle, power and strength. The principles are simple and have to be respected; five sets of five reps for three compound movements, three times per week.", "Now, I know what you\u2019re thinking. You only train 3 times per week, so what do you do on the other four days? Simple. You rest.", "Ever heard the saying less is more? Well, this is where that applies. Compound exercises are both multi-muscle and multi-joint movements that are extremely taxing on the body and central nervous system, especially when performing fewer reps with a heavier load. Therefore, you have to give your body enough time to recover for at least one day between workouts. Otherwise, you will limit your ability to gain strength and build dense lean muscle.", "(Related: How to master the squat)", "There is a method to the madness. Ultimately, you will find yourself eating more, training less, getting stronger, bigger and leaner. Not bad for three days of hardcore workouts a week, right?", "OK, so now that I have exposed you to training method of the Incredible Hulk himself, I suppose I d better enlighten you as to how it works. Let s say our training days are Monday, Wednesday and Friday. You will follow two workouts in the form of A & B.", "Barbell Squats 5x5", "Barbell Row 5x5", "Barbell Overhead Press 5x5", "Deadlifts 1x5", "So your week would look like this:", "Monday - A", "Wednesday - B", "Friday - A", "You begin with 50% of your maximum weight for five sets of five reps. For example, I can squat 110kg for five sets, so my starting weight would be 55kg.", "I\u2019m hoping by now you have recovered from the shock of squatting three times per week and the 50% starting weight has restored your confidence, but that weight will soon build and before you know it you will be repping two-to-three plates a side for five sets of five reps. Each workout you increase the working weight by 2.5kg, a total of 7.5kg per week, 7.5kg x 12 = 90kg, so in 12 weeks time I should, by rights, be able to squat 145kg for five sets of five reps.", "(Related: Men s Health s hardest ever workouts)", "This 2.5kg incremental weekly progression will apply to each compound movement, except for deadlifts, where you will only perform one set of five reps on workout B and increase your weight by 5kg per week. Why only one set, I hear you ask? Because squats and deadlifts use a similar set of muscles, and to perform both exercises at maximum effort when you reach weeks 8-12 would burn you out. This isn\u2019t a sprint, it\u2019s a marathon, it\u2019s about training smart and eating and resting smarter.", "During weeks 1-6 when the weight is lighter and you\u2019re thinking \u201cI could have done more\u201d, you can add in three assisting exercises for 3 sets of 8-10 reps. However, they must be either bodyweight or a compound barbell movement. For example, for workout A you might want to add bodyweight dips, close grip chest press and skull crushers and for workout B you could add chin-ups, calf raises and pull-ups.", "As soon as your prioritized compound exercises become a struggle, drop the assistance exercises like a bad habit and save all your available energy for your weight increase at each workout. Trust me, you will need it!", "In terms of rest, for the lighter weights you can take as little as 90 seconds rest, but as soon as that weight becomes a burden upon your shoulders, take 3-5 minutes\u2019 recovery between each set. This is important as your CP (creatine phosphate) and central nervous system requires a longer rest period to recover. And on that note, I personally like to take 5g of Myprotein creapure creatine monohydrate, both pre and post workout, to maximize my working capacity at this demanding intensity.", "Now when it comes to nutrition, you need to both fuel and nourish your body with an adequate amount of calories and quality macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates and fats) to maximize your performance and recovery. I personally like to increase my maintenance calorie intake based on my TDEE (total daily energy expenditure) by 10% in weeks 1-4, 15% in weeks 5-8 and by 20% in weeks 9-12.", "This calorie increase is based on the higher demand of energy required as you progress through the programme; it also ensures I don\u2019t go into a dramatic 20% surplus when I begin. That will likely cause me to gain unnecessary body-fat.", "When push comes to shove, you need to listen to your body, if you\u2019re hungry then eat, but just be smart with what you\u2019re shoveling into your mouth.", "I tend to break my calorie intake into a 40 / 40 / 20 split, with 40% total calories coming from protein, 40% total calories coming from carbohydrates and 20% total calories coming from fats. Remember, both protein and carbohydrates equate to 4 calories per gram, whereas fats are 9 calories per gram, so in terms of the energy we receive from fats in comparison to protein and carbohydrates, a 40P / 40C / 20F split, is actually very balanced. Your 40% protein intake will also ensure you are consuming approx. 1.5-2g of protein per lb of body mass, which is ideal for promoting lean muscle growth, repair and recovery.", "(Related: Top tips for every muscle-building diet plan)", "Carbohydrates are essential for both maximizing our performance and replenishing muscle glycogen post-workout. I tend to stick to low GI starchy carbohydrates such as oats, sweet potato and whole grains, combined with fibrous carbohydrates such as green leafy vegetables throughout the day to ensure my blood sugar levels remain stable and I feel fuller for longer.", "I only tend to consume high GI carbohydrates first thing in the morning for some wake up energy and then post-workout when an insulin spike is beneficial to drive both proteins and glucose into the muscles to replenish muscle glycogen and start the repair process.", "Fats are also essential for nourishing your body and I try to get a variety of healthy fats into my diet which include avocado, nuts, eggs and oily fish. I aim for three whole eggs a day. Rich in vitamin D, omega 3 fatty acids, selenium and protein, eggs are a highly nutritious whole food that I believe should be a staple part of your daily diet.", "Last but not least is sleep, remember, we grow outside of the gym, not whilst we are beating ourselves to a pulp under the bar. You want to aim for 7-9 hours of deep sleep each night which is when natural human growth hormone levels are secreted at optimal levels, similar to the high levels secreted during intense exercise. I would also consume a slow digesting source of protein pre-bed such as greek yoghurt or micellar casein to drip feed your muscles with a steady supply of protein synthesis promoting amino acids.", "So there we have it, the 12-week workout that allows you to eat more, train less and yet burn fat, build strong dense muscle and help you break plateaus and beat PB\u2019s.", "By: Callum Melly", "The Simplest Way to Build More Muscle", "The ultimate Muscle-building trisets workout", "How to improve three ultimate muscle-building exercises", "A better way to build a bigger chest", "The new way to get lean" ] }, { "url": "https://muscleevo.net/stronglifts-5x5-workout/", "title": "The StrongLifts 5x5 Workout Why There Are Better Ways to", "content": [ "Custom Program Design", "The StrongLifts 5\u00d75 Workout: Why There Are Better Ways to Build Muscle", "Google around for information on the 5\u00d75 workout, and you\u2019ll find plenty of different opinions about whether or not it\u2019s a good way to put on muscle mass.", "Some say that 5\u00d75 is mainly for strength, and that you need higher reps in the 6-12 range to build size.", "Others say that if you\u2019re on a 5\u00d75 routine, gaining strength and eating enough, then mass gains are sure to follow.", "Who\u2019s right? Is the 5\u00d75 workout a good way to put on muscle mass? Or should you be using higher reps and lighter weights?", "What is the 5\u00d75 Workout?", "The 5\u00d75 workout is very simple: five sets of five reps for no more than a handful of compound movements, three times per week.", "Although there are numerous variations of the program, one of the most popular is StrongLifts 5\u00d75.", "With the StrongLifts 5\u00d75 workout, you perform just five compound exercises each week: the deadlift, squat, bench press, overhead press, and barbell row. There are two different workouts alternated throughout the week.", "In workout A, you do the squat, bench press, and barbell row. The lifts in workout B are the squat, overhead press, and deadlift.", "Workout A: Squat, Bench Press, Barbell Row", "Workout B: Squat, Overhead Press, Deadlift", "For each exercise, you do 5 sets of 5 reps. The exception is the deadlift, which you do for 1 set of 5 reps. You take a day of rest between each training day.", "Week one looks like this:", "Monday: Workout A", "Squat 5\u00d75", "Wednesday: Workout B", "Overhead Press 5\u00d75", "Friday: Workout A", "Week two starts with workout B, and looks like this:", "Monday: Workout B", "Wednesday: Workout A", "Friday: Workout B", "If you\u2019re able to do five reps on each set, you add weight to the exercise \u2013 usually around 2.5 kilograms, or 5 pounds \u2013 in the next workout. Your goal is to keep on adding weight to each exercise for as long as you can.", "Here are some videos of Mehdi, the guy behind StrongLifts, doing both workouts.", "StrongLifts 5\u00d75 Workout A", "StrongLifts 5\u00d75 Workout B", "Does 5\u00d75 Build Muscle?", "The 5\u00d75 workout is one of the most popular and effective programs out there for building strength. It\u2019s very simple to follow and requires little in the way of equipment.", "5\u00d75 has also stood the test of time. Although guys like Bill Starr and Reg Park seem to get much of the credit for coming up with the idea, Mark Berry (who was a champion weightlifter) was writing about it back in the 1930s.", "Everything is laid out for you, so there\u2019s very little to think about. You just go to the gym three times a week, stick to the plan, and focus on training as hard as possible.", "But, is 5\u00d75 a good way to put on muscle mass?", "Read on, and I\u2019ll cover the pros and cons of the 5\u00d75 workout, show you what the science has to say on the subject, as well as explaining why \u2013 contrary to popular belief \u2013 Arnold Schwarzenegger probably didn\u2019t use a 5\u00d75 program when he was a beginner.", "Training Frequency", "One of the main benefits of the 5\u00d75 program is that you\u2019re working the major muscle groups 2-3 times each week.", "Squats are done three times a week. The bench press, overhead press, row and deadlift are performed twice every seven days.", "In other words, you\u2019re hitting the legs three times a week. The chest, back and shoulders are worked twice a week.", "While a lot of bodybuilders like to train each muscle group once a week, there\u2019s a growing body of research to show that more frequent training will help you put on muscle more quickly.", "In fact, working a muscle more frequently has been shown in several studies to increase the speed at which that muscle grows.", "In one trial, subjects using a full-body routine, where each muscle is trained three times a week, grew faster than subjects on a split routine, where each muscle is trained once a week [1].", "And this isn\u2019t a lone piece of research that contradicts a sea of existing data on the subject. In fact, most research out there shows that the major muscles should be trained at least twice a week in order to maximize growth [2].", "SEE ALSO: The Muscle Building Cheat Sheet. This is a \u201cno waffle\u201d PDF, written in plain English, that shows you exactly how to go about building muscle. To get a copy of the cheat sheet emailed to you, please click or tap here.", "The 5\u00d75 program ensures you\u2019re hitting the major muscle groups 2-3 times every seven days, which \u2013 in most cases at least \u2013 is a better option than working those same muscle groups just once a week.", "Training Volume", "One argument that goes back and forth in the fitness industry centers on the number of sets you need to do for each muscle group.", "Some say that one set to failure is the fastest, most effective way to put on muscle. Anything more is overtraining, and you might as well just not bother.", "However, most research shows there is a \u201cdose-response\u201d relationship between the number of sets you do for a muscle and the speed at which that muscle grows [3].", "In other words, the more sets you do \u2013 up to a point at least \u2013 the faster your muscles will grow.", "A typical 5\u00d75 program will include 15 work sets every seven days for the legs (17 if you include deadlifts), 10 for the shoulders, 10 for the chest and 10 for the upper back, which certainly ticks the \u201csufficient volume for muscle growth\u201d box.", "Some say that the 5\u00d75 workout is mainly for strength, and that you need to do higher reps in the 6-12 range if you want to put on muscle.", "However, lower reps and heavier weights are a perfectly good way to gain muscle mass. In some cases, they\u2019ve been shown to work just as well as higher reps and lighter weights.", "A good example comes from a University of Central Florida study, where researchers put a group of 33 resistance-trained men through eight weeks of strength training [4].", "The subjects were divided into two groups:", "Group one did four sets of 10-12 reps. They also took around 60 seconds of rest between each set.", "Group two did the same exercises. They also did the same number of sets. But, they used a much heavier weight that limited them to 3-5 reps, taking around 3 minutes of rest between sets.", "None of the differences in body composition between the groups were statistically different.", "However, the researchers did find a clear trend towards greater gains in the group lifting heavier weights.", "In other words, the men training in the 3-5 rep range were the ones that put on the most muscle.", "This doesn\u2019t mean you should drop everything and immediately start doing sets of 3-5 reps all the time.", "One study is never the be-all-end-all when it comes to deciding how to train, and this is far from being the last word on rep ranges and muscle growth.", "However, the findings do show that heavy weights and lower reps in the 3-5 range can be used to put on muscle.", "Sets of Five", "There are lots of good things to be said about sets of five.", "For one, you\u2019re using a weight that\u2019s around 85% of your maximum. That\u2019s heavy enough to recruit large numbers of muscle fibers.", "Compared to higher reps, fatigue is minimal, so exercise technique is less likely to go down the pan. And, you still get enough volume to stimulate growth.", "However, there\u2019s some interesting research out there to show that varying the number of reps you do can speed up your rate of muscle growth.", "In one study, subjects lifted weights three times a week using either a constant or varied training program [5].", "The constant group kept their training program the same, doing 8-12 reps on every set. The varied group changed both the weight and the number of reps, switching from heavy (2-4 reps) to medium (8-12 reps) to light (20-30 reps) on days one, two and three, respectively.", "Statistically speaking, there was no significant difference in the rate of muscle growth between the two groups.", "But the effect size (which refers to the size of the difference between groups) did favor the varied protocol.", "The differences between the groups weren\u2019t dramatic \u2013 a centimeter or so here and a few millimeters there. But, this study lasted just eight weeks. Over months and years, those small differences will add up.", "Researchers have also found that the addition of a back-off set to a program that involved 5 sets of 3-5 reps led to faster gains in muscle size and strength [6].", "One group of subjects performed two leg exercises for 5 sets of 3-5 repetitions. A second group did the same thing, but added a back-off set (25-35 repetitions with a lighter weight) 30 seconds later.", "Over the course of four weeks, the guys using the back-off set gained more muscle mass and got stronger faster than subjects doing only 5 sets of 3-5 reps.", "This kind of \u201ccombination training\u201d is nothing new. In fact, it was very popular with some of the top bodybuilders in the 1950\u2019s, such as Bill Pearl and Reg Park.", "In his book The Wild Physique, Vince Gironda points out that Pearl and Park used to mix up their training, using both heavy and light weights.", "\u201cI remember studying Reg Park\u2019s physique when he was power training,\u201d writes Gironda.", "\u201cHe was doing 5 sets of 5 reps. His physique looked thick. Obviously, he had maximized his muscle fiber size.\u201d", "\u201cPark then went to South Africa and followed a system of 10-rep exercises. The appearance of his muscle changed because the capillary count looked higher, but the thickness appeared to suffer fractionally.\u201d", "\u201cA few years later, Park mixed up his training and his physique reached its ultimate potential. He had both cross-sectional thickness and muscle height. He looked superb.\u201d", "According to Gironda, both Pearl and Park would perform 3-4 sets with a heavy weight and low reps, and then finish off with 2-3 sets of higher reps with a lighter weight.", "If you want to put on muscle as fast as possible, it\u2019s my view that a variety of rep ranges and weights works better than doing 5 sets of 5 all the time.", "Limited Exercise Menu", "Most 5\u00d75 workouts involve a handful of compound exercises, such as the squat, deadlift, bench press and so on.", "These exercises do work large numbers of muscles, making them a very efficient use of your training time, and I like them a lot.", "However, maximizing the development of a muscle requires the use of several exercises, rather than just one.", "This ensures that all available fibers in a given muscle get a piece of the action, leading to more complete development of a muscle group.", "There was a study published in the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research that compared a knee-dominant exercise (the lying leg curl) with a hip-dominant exercise (the stiff-legged deadlift) [7].", "The lying leg curl led to greater muscle activation in certain parts of the hamstrings \u2013 the lower lateral and lower medial hamstrings in particular \u2013 compared to the stiff-legged deadlift.", "Here\u2019s how study author Brad Schoenfeld describes the results:", "\u201cActivation of the upper hamstrings was similar between exercises. Interestingly, however, activation of the lower hamstrings, both medially and laterally, was significantly greater in the lying leg curl.", "\u201cThe differences in activation of the lower hamstrings was stark, with the leg curl showing greater lower lateral hamstrings activity of approximately 170% and lower medial hamstrings activity of approximately 65% compared to the stiff-legged deadlift.\u201d", "What\u2019s more, a training program that involved several exercises for the quads \u2013 the leg press, squat and lunge \u2013 led to muscle growth in all heads of the quadriceps, while a squat-only program did not [11].", "You can\u2019t completely isolate one area of a muscle relative to another. And the potential shape and size of each muscle is determined ultimately by the genetic blueprint you were handed at birth.", "However, you can make the most of that potential by using different exercises to emphasize different sections of a muscle.", "Stronger Doesn\u2019t Always Mean Bigger", "Although Mark Berry was using something resembling a 5\u00d75 workout in the 1930\u2019s, Bill Starr \u2013 author of the 1976 book The Strongest Shall Survive: Strength Training for Football \u2013 seems to get much of the credit for coming up with the idea.", "As the title of Starr\u2019s book suggests, the 5\u00d75 workout was designed mainly for building strength.", "It\u2019s true that size and strength are linked\u2026 up to a point anyway.", "But there are multiple ways in which you can gain strength without a corresponding increase in muscle size.", "Stronger does not always mean bigger, and bigger does not always mean stronger. The fact that a training routine makes you stronger doesn\u2019t necessarily make it a good way to put on muscle mass.", "Over the years, I\u2019ve seen plenty of guys who can lift a lot of weight, but they\u2019re not particularly muscular.", "Getting very strong in the various compound lifts doesn\u2019t automatically translate into bigger muscles as is often claimed.", "I should also point out that there\u2019s nothing \u201cmagical\u201d about 5 sets of 5 repetitions (as opposed to, say, 4 sets of 6 repetitions or 6 sets of 4 repetitions).", "Starr only picked that configuration of sets and reps because \u201cit was easy to remember.\u201d", "Here\u2019s what he had to say on the subject in his book:", "\u201cOnce I had sorted out the specific exercises that would do the job most effectively, my next task was to assemble them into a working order. It was back to the research library to see what pure scientists had uncovered on the subject.\u201d", "\u201cSurprisingly enough, the research was rather easy to come by and the conclusions were almost universally alike concerning the acquisition of strength.\u201d", "\u201cThe researchers found that 4-6 repetitions of 4-6 sets, increasing the weight on each successive set, produced the most significant increase in strength. Terrific. I simplified the formula to five sets of five reps as that was the exact median and it was easy to remember.\u201d", "Compound Lifts and Testosterone", "A common argument in favor of the 5\u00d75 workout is that compound exercises create a more anabolic environment in the body, speeding up muscle growth by \u201cincreasing the release of muscle building hormones like testosterone and growth hormone.\u201d", "This, for the most part at least, is a myth.", "Exercises like squats and deadlifts do lead to a small temporary increase in testosterone and growth hormone. But the size and duration of this increase isn\u2019t sufficient to have much of an impact on muscle growth.", "The fact that a given workout increases levels of various anabolic hormones doesn\u2019t automatically make it a good way to put on muscle.", "In one study on the subject, researchers analyzed data collected from 56 men who took part in a 12-week resistance training program [8].", "If the post-exercise change in testosterone levels was important as far as building muscle is concerned, you\u2019d expect to see two things.", "Guys with the largest testosterone response after training would put on the most muscle. And those with the smallest response would build the least muscle.", "But when they looked at the data, the researchers could find no significant link between the exercise-induced rise in testosterone levels and gains in muscular size or strength.", "Other studies report similar findings, noting that gains in strength and size \u201cdid not appear to be influenced\u201d by the short-term hormonal response to exercise [9, 10].", "Did Arnold Use a 5\u00d75 Workout?", "One of the selling points of the 5\u00d75 workout is that Arnold Schwarzenegger used it when he was starting out.", "Some claim that it\u2019s \u201cwell documented that Arnold Schwarzenegger built his foundation\u201d using a routine that\u2019s \u201calmost identical\u201d to Starting Strength (another very popular 5\u00d75 workout).", "It is indeed well documented that the Austrian Oak used a routine that\u2019s almost identical to Starting Strength.", "But only if your definition of \u201cwell documented\u201d includes somebody saying so on the Internet.", "If Arnold did use a 5\u00d75 workout, or recommends it to beginners, he doesn\u2019t mention it in his Encyclopedia of Modern Bodybuilding or Arnold: Education of a Bodybuilder, both of which I\u2019ve read from cover to cover.", "Arnold didn\u2019t write the books himself, but had help from his ghostwriter Bill Dobbins.", "However, I\u2019m going to assume that he gave the thumbs up to everything that was in there, and that the contents are an accurate reflection of his views at the time the books were written.", "First, nowhere in either book does he lay out \u2013 exercise by exercise, set by set and rep by rep \u2013 exactly what program he used when he first started training.", "What\u2019s more, if he believed that the 5\u00d75 workout was such a good way to put on muscle, you\u2019d expect him to recommend it to everyone who sets foot in the gym for the first time.", "In Arnold: Education of a Bodybuilder, he says that beginners should start out with a bodyweight program consisting of high-rep sets of squats, push-ups, chins, rows, sit-ups, bent-leg raises, bent-over twists and calf raises.", "\u201cYou should lay a foundation by stimulating the muscles, tuning the whole body in to resistance training using your own body weight,\u201d he writes.", "\u201cAnd after you\u2019ve accomplished that and feel good about it \u2013 which should take from two to six months, depending on your initial condition and your rate of progress \u2013 you can safely go into weight training in the gym.\u201d", "Arnold\u2019s love for 5\u00d75 is also conspicuous by its absence in his Encyclopedia of Modern Bodybuilding. Here\u2019s what he had to say on the subject on page 149 of the 1992 edition:", "\u201cThe first task facing the beginning bodybuilder is to build up a solid foundation of muscle mass \u2013 genuine muscular weight, not bulky fat. Later, you will try to shape this muscle into a balanced, quality physique.", "\u201cYou do this by basic, hard training using heavy weights \u2013 grinding it out week after week until your body begins to respond. And what I mean by \u2018basic training\u2019 is not just a few exercises like bench presses, bent-over rows, and squats, but thirty to forty exercises all designed to stimulate and develop the major muscle groups of the body.\u201d", "In other words, Schwarzenegger says that anyone wanting to put on muscle should do a lot more than the small number of compound lifts found in most 5\u00d75 programs.", "On a Reddit Ask Me Anything, Schwarzenegger was asked his opinion of the 5\u00d75 workout.", "\u201cYou probably won\u2019t like this\u2026 When I was gaining strength, I liked to warm up with 10,8,6,4 and then stay at 2 reps for five sets, and then back to 4, then 6, and then use the stripping method and just drop plates and keep doing 4 reps until I couldn\u2019t.\u201d", "There is no evidence to be found in Arnold\u2019s Encyclopedia of Modern Bodybuilding or Arnold: Education of a Bodybuilder that he ever used a 5\u00d75 routine, or that he recommends the program to beginners.", "In fact, not one of the beginner exercise programs in either book involves doing ANY exercise for 5 sets of 5 reps.", "If you\u2019re looking for a way to put on muscle mass, the 5\u00d75 program is a decent place to start. It\u2019s relatively simple to follow, requires little in the way of equipment, and much of the \u201cthinking\u201d is done for you.", "However, the 5\u00d75 workout does have its weaknesses, most notably the limited menu of exercises and fixed number of reps per set. If building bigger muscles is your main goal, there are better options out there.", "SEE ALSO: THE MUSCLE BUILDING CHEAT SHEET", "If you re fed up spending hours in the gym with nothing to show for it, then check out The Muscle Building Cheat Sheet.", "It s a cut the waffle and just tell me what to do\u201d PDF that tells you exactly how to go about building muscle. To get a copy of the cheat sheet sent to you, please click or tap here to enter your email address.", "Filed Under: Build Muscle Tagged With: 5x5 workout" ] }, { "url": "https://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/wotw56.htm", "title": "What Is The Best 5x5 Workout That Will Produce Amazing", "content": [ "What Is The Best 5x5 Workout That Will Produce Amazing Muscle Gain?", "What is the best 5x5 workout that will produce amazing muscle gain? Our forum members share their take on the program, sample workouts, who would benefit or not, and more! Try the program and see if it works for you!", "TOPIC: What Is The Best 5x5 Workout That Will Produce Amazing Muscle Gain?", "Training does not have to be as complicated as they might look in the magazines and might even be inappropriate depending on what level you are at. Standard training programs that have been tried and tested over the years are hard to beat. The 5x5 program is one that has been tested and proven successful.", "What is the best 5x5 workout? Be specific. Include frequency, sets, reps, rest between sets, etc.", "Who would benefit from such a workout? Who would not?", "What method(s) can be applied to the 5x5 that would be more appropriate for more advanced trainers?", "How much cardio if any would be beneficial for this type of workout?", "Show off your knowledge to the world!", "haiz69 View Profile", "New Prizes:", "1st place - $75 in store credit.", "2nd place - $50 in store credit.", "1st Place - BurningHeart", "With all of the different exercises, weights, sets, reps, rest and routine splits you almost need a photographic memory or logbook to know how your workout for the day should go.", "Is your day too busy to have to deal with such a complicating workout program? Or are you an experienced weightlifter looking for a different routine to prevent muscle adaptation? Maybe you are a beginner looking for a way to breakthrough into the weightlifting scene. Whoever you are, the 5x5 method is a great routine to use and switch-up your workouts.", "In this article I ll go over a basic 5x5 routine along with condiments that can be added to the routine for advanced weightlifters. Also discussed will be the question of cardio and the benefits of the 5x5 routine.", "Whether you are satisfied with your current routine or not, learning the 5x5 method will prove useful in the future when it s time to switch workout programs. So here it is, the 5x5 method explained in depth.", "To begin with, the principal of 5x5 is obvious, five reps each set for five sets. As for the exercises done, the 5x5 method recommends working each body part at least twice a week. This means compound exercises should be mostly used with a few isolation exercises included to fill in any gaps.", "So in order to create an efficient 5x5 program, you want to use compound exercises as much as possible with isolations to only hit muscles that aren t fully worked with compound exercises.", "Once you scan Bodybuilding.com s muscle and exercise database and put an efficient combination of exercises into a program, the end result looks like this.", "5x5 Weightlifting Program: 12 Weeks", "Dumbbell Calf Raises", "Reverse Smith Machine Raises", "Lateral Dumbbell Raises", "Rear-Delt Row", "Weighted Chest Dip", "Front Delt Raise", "Lateral Dumbbell Raise", "Stiff-Legged Deadlifts", "Sets/Reps: 5 Reps, 5 Sets", "Rest: ~ 90 seconds between sets.", "~ 3 minutes between exercises.", "As you can see from the above workout, every muscle is worked in an equal fashion. Isolation exercises are kept to only filling in gaps that compound exercises miss.", "Here are some tips that may prove useful when using the 5x5 routine:", "Warm-up exercises may be done and are recommended because of the heavy weight this routine will have you lifting. Lifting weight with warmed up muscles will allow you to lift more weight than you would with cold muscles. To warm-up your muscles, simply do a set with about half of the weight that you will do for the normal set.", "For instance if it s time to incline bench press and you will use 200 pounds for the normal set, add a 45-pound plate on each side and do a warm-up set. If you are about to do weighted pull-ups, to warm-up you could do a set of pull-ups with only bodyweight.", "Adding Weight:", "The key point to this workout is remembering to increase the weight used every week. Since the number of reps and sets don t change, every week you should add at least 5 total pounds (2.5-pound plate on each side) for each exercise. That is how you make progress, by forcing yourself to add weight each time in the gym.", "You ll notice a couple of weeks after forcing to add the 5 extra pounds that the previous weight will seem like baby-weight.", "Add At Least 5 Pounds For Each Exercise Every Week.", "Switching Exercises:", "These exercises are not set in stone, other exercises can be substituted in if need be. Three reasons you might want to substitute different exercises in are: because you don t have access to certain equipment, some exercises may be too difficult at the moment (weighted pull-ups), or you just completed a routine that included some of these exercises and want a change of pace.", "Whatever your reason is for substituting an exercise in, you can find a list of exercises for each body part at this link.", "Diet & Rest:", "Depending on your goals, the proper diet will vary. There are various articles on Bodybuilding.com describing how to correctly diet.", "The benefits of 5x5 training vary, so the people that would benefit from 5x5 vary. A 5x5 program is a simple routine that is aimed for building functional strength. Thus a great and probably the best benefactor of 5x5 training would be a beginner.", "Beginners start off weak and should be focused on increasing their strength first of all, something that 5x5 does best. Add in the fact that the routine is simple and it makes it all the more attractive to a beginner.", "However a beginner isn t the only person who would benefit. Seasoned lifters will find success in this program because of the ability to switch their routine up.", "It is common knowledge that muscles strive to adapt to the environment, and is the reason they grow when worked out. It is also known that doing the same routine for a long time will accustom your muscles to the exercises, decreasing their growth. This means an experienced lifter can have a welcomed change in routine by switching to 5x5. It is even a greater benefit when used during the bulking months, where more muscle outweighs a leaner body.", "The people who would not benefit the most are those that are in a cutting phase. While muscle size and strength would still be gained when doing 5x5, it is not the optimal routine because the low reps focus solely on strength.", "Usually a bodybuilder in the cutting stage is looking for a more defined physique, something that is achieved with moderate reps and moderate weight due to the increased blood flow to the muscles.", "Someone else that wouldn t greatly benefit is a casual lifter. Casual lifters are usually looking to improve their body image and do not keep up with the latest research on bodybuilding. Thus using the heavy weight required with 5x5 could bring injury upon the lifter if done with improper form.", "A casual lifter may watch the movie Rocky and go to the gym that day looking to do heavy behind the neck presses without the knowledge that they can be detrimental to your shoulders.", "The 5x5 program does not have to be simple and concrete; some bodybuilders rather customize their workouts to match their goals. One method that can be applied is called Cluster training.", "Cluster Training:", "The idea behind cluster training is simple, and can be a great tool for breaking out of a plateau. All you do is take ~90% of your 1-rep max and do a rep followed by 10 seconds of rest, do that until you ve completed your 5 reps.", "So for example if you were doing bicep curls with 135 pounds, just take 90% of that (~120 pounds) and do 5 reps in cluster fashion.", "I wouldn t solely rely on cluster training, however I d recommend it one week out of every four or so. It s just a way to switch up your training and possibly increasing your strength more so than a normal set would.", "One Day, Full Body:", "If you are naturally gifted with a high recovery rate and want a change of routine, you may want to switch to a full body program. This is where you work your entire body in one day, three times a week (ex. Mon, Wed, Fri).", "When doing this it s important to remember workouts should still be kept to no more than an hour apiece. This means you ll have to cut out more isolation work and incorporate more compound exercises each day.", "An advantage to doing a one day, full-body routine is that you are able to work each muscle three times a week, as opposed to twice a week. It also has a disadvantage though, like I mentioned you will have to cut out isolation work and do more compound exercises. This could work your muscles less since you won t be hitting them directly. It s all about knowing your body and what works best for it.", "Unless you are in a cutting phase, which I don t think is optimal for 5x5 training anyway, then cardio should be kept to a minimum. The only reason I d recommend a day of cardio a week is to keep your endurance up. Otherwise cardio just burns a large amount of calories, hindering your bulking goals.", "If you do decide to do cardio on a bulking diet, remember to eat enough calories to compensate for the calories that will be burnt during cardio. Carbohydrates are most recommended to be consumed before cardio, to give your body something to use for energy as opposed to using muscle.", "A basic cardio workout would be a 20-minute run, punching bag or stationary bike ... Anything that will raise your heart rate for a long duration, increasing your endurance.", "To conclude, 5x5 training is a welcome change from the standard workout program. Beginners and experienced lifters alike should try it; remember stronger muscles equal more size gains in the long run.", "You may currently be in a routine that includes bodyweight dips for 12 reps. As of now you can only do 12 reps, however I can guarantee you after doing an extreme functional strength program such as 5x5, 12 bodyweight dips will seem like nothing.", "It is easy to get comfortable in a routine and never break away from it. Remember that once you get comfortable in a routine, your muscles also get comfortable, and comfortable muscles don t like to grow. So I d highly recommend giving 5x5 a try, freshen up and simplify your workouts!", "2nd Place - haiz69", "The Best 5X5 Program - Madcow s Intermediate", "Madcow s version of the 5X5 is without a doubt, the best 5X5 protocol to date. What makes Madcow s version so great, is weekly progression in weight that is built into the program.", "The program is based off of taking your current 5-rep maxes in your compound exercises, lowering the weight and building back up to them in a timeframe of 2-4 weeks. Also, the focus upon the major compound lifts makes Madcow s version tough to beat.", "The Training - 3X A Week:", "Squat: 5X5 - Ramping up the weight to a top set of 5 - Equal to Friday s Heavy Triple", "Bench: 5X5 - Ramping up the weight to a top set of 5 - Equal to Friday s Heavy Triple", "Barbell Row: 5X5 - Ramping up the weight to a top set of 5 - Equal to Friday s Heavy Triple", "Squat: 4X5 - First 3 sets the same as Monday, and the 4th set is the same as the 3rd.", "Military Press: 5X5 - Ramping up the weight to a top set of 5", "Deadlift: 5X5 - Ramping up the weight to a top set of 5", "Click Here For A Printable Log Of Wednesday.", "Squat: 4x5, 1x3, 1x8 - The first 4 sets are the same as Monday. The 5th set - Heavy Triple is 2.5% more than Monday s final set of five. The 6th set uses the weight from the 3rd set for 8 reps.", "Bench: 4x5, 1x3, 1x8 - The first 4 sets are the same as Monday. The 5th set - Heavy Triple is 2.5% more than Monday s final set of five. The 6th set uses the weight from the 3rd set for 8 reps.", "Barbell Row: 4x5, 1x3, 1x8 - The first 4 sets are the same as Monday. The 5th set - Heavy Triple is 2.5% more than Monday s final set of five. The 6th set uses the weight from the 3rd set for 8 reps.", "Explain The Progression Please!", "OK, as we can see, the exercise selection is simple. The progression is what makes the program. At the most basic level, every week, you are aiming to increase your top set of 5 of Monday by 2.5% on Friday (done for 3 reps). If completed, this becomes your top set of 5 on the following Monday.", "For example, if your top set of 5 on Monday for squats was 100, your heavy triple on Friday would be 102.5. On the following Monday, your top set of 5 would then be 102.5, and so on.", "On Wednesday, for the Deadlift and Military Press, just try to increase your top set of 5 by 2.5% each week.", "These small increases make the program. I highly suggest in investing in micro-plates (1.25 lbs.), or going to home depot, getting some chains+hooks, and rigging something up to put on the bar. This seems like a pain, but you will be able to progress for a much longer period of time by making smaller jumps in weight.", "Now, back to the progression. Obviously, if you simply start the program at your 5-rep max on Monday, you are bound to fail early in the program. You must give yourself 3-4 weeks to get back to your maxes. Madcow recommends setting it up, so that in 4 weeks after starting the program, you are back at your starting maxes.", "This means about 10% (2.5% a week X 4 should put you back where you started). The beauty of the program is that when you reach your starting 5-rep max in week 4, you will be much stronger and will be able to handle it much more easily than before.", "The Sets!", "Now, we must explain the ramping of weights for the sets. 5 sets of 5 reps includes your warm-up. You ARE NOT doing all 5 sets at the same weight. Generally, you want to increase the weight by 12.5% on each set of five, up to your pre-determined 5 rep max for that week. REMEMBER - If you are in week one, you will be working up to a top set of 5 that is 10% below your current 5 rep max.", "Now, we must remember that 12.5% will not always give us a perfect weight. Somewhere between 10-15% is the desired increase in weight. To do this, take your top set of five, and work backwards by subtracting 12.5% of it. This will give you your 4th set. Subtract 12.5% of the 4th set, and you have your third set, and so on.", "For example, if your top set of 5 for squats for the week is 200, your five sets would be:", "5X155 (Rounded up from 153 - If you have micro plates, it would be 152.5)", "While we could do this out for everything, Madcow has set up a nice Excel spreadsheet that does it ALL for you.", "This will basically set the entire program up for you!!", "2 sets of weighted hyperextensions", "4 sets of weighted sit-ups", "3 sets of sit-ups", "3 Sets of Weighted/Regular Dips", "3 Sets of Barbell Curls", "3 Sets of Tricep Extensions", "Do NOT do any more assistance work! This will be just fine. The focus of this program is on the compound lifts. YES - your arms will grow - Trust me!", "Who Would Benefit From This Program, Who Would Not?", "I felt that most lifters newer to bodybuilding (or ones that have never used a PROVEN program) can benefit the most from this program. Advanced trainees will have a hard time increasing their weights in a linear fashion, because they are already lifting a large amount of weight.", "I feel that people with 1-4 years experience should give this program a go. Obviously that is a rough estimate, but this program is best suited for intermediate trainees.", "Advanced Trainers:", "For the more advanced trainee, Madcow has a periodized version of the 5X5. This can be found on the same site. It includes loading and de-loading phases, that are more tailored to experienced lifters. Also, the program doesn t progress in a linear fashion like the intermediate program. More info can be found on Madcow s website.", "How Much Cardio If Any, Would Be Beneficial For This Type Of Workout?", "I feel cardio should always be a part of a training regimen. I also feel that High Intensity Interval Training is the way to go while bulking. This helps keep the fat off, endurance up and your heart healthy. HIIT two times a week for 15-20 minutes is plenty for bulking.", "There is nothing wrong with low-intensity cardio, so if you prefer that, then I suggest 3X a week for 30-35 minutes. Either way, do what you like, because being healthy is all a part of being able to lift some serious weight.", "I suggest this program for bulking, but it can be used for cutting as well. Let s get one thing straight though - If you want to put on muscle, you MUST eat above maintenance calories. No program, not even a great one like this will put on muscle unless you are eating enough calories to do so. EAT! End of story!", "Lastly!", "I can t take credit for this program. Madcow wrote it up, and it is his take on the 5X5.", "Workout of the Week is where forum members are asked to answer questions about what they think the best workouts are." ] }, { "url": "https://stronglifts.com/5x5/", "title": "StrongLifts 5 Get Stronger by Lifting Weights only 3x Week", "content": [ "Workout Planner", "StrongLifts 5\u00d75: Get Stronger Lifting Weights 3x/Week", "Last updated: December 21, 2018 by Mehdi", "The StrongLifts 5\u00d75 strength training program consists of two workouts\u2026", "Workout A: Squat, Bench Press, Barbell Row", "Workout B: Squat, Overhead Press, Deadlift", "Do three workouts per week. Never train two days in a row or do two workouts in a day. Wait one day before doing your next workout. This gives your body time to recover, get stronger and build muscle so you can lift heavier next workout. Alternate workout A and B each time you train.", "Most people train Monday, Wednesday and Friday. This gives you one recovery day between each workout, and two recovery days before your next workout on Monday. What also works is to train Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday\u2026 or Sunday, Tuesday, and Thursday.", "Start StrongLifts 5\u00d75 by doing workout A. Go home, eat and sleep. Two days later do workout B. Another two days later do workout A. Your first week will look like this if you train Mo/We/Fr\u2026", "StrongLifts 5x5 Week 1", "Monday - workout A Wednesday - workout B Friday - workout A", "Squat 5x5 Squat 5x5 Squat 5x5", "Bench Press 5x5 Overhead Press 5x5 Bench Press 5x5", "Barbell Row 5x5 Deadlift 1x5 Barbell Row 5x5", "Start week two with workout B because you finished week one with workout A. Then keep alternating the workouts each time you go to the gym. Your second week will look like this if you train Monday, Wednesday, and Friday like most people\u2026", "Overhead Press 5x5 Bench Press 5x5 Overhead Press 5x5", "Deadlift 1x5 Barbell Row 5x5 Deadlift 1x5", "Keep alternating workouts A and B. Week three and five will look like week one. Week four and six will look like week two. If this doesn\u2019t make sense, signup to my daily email tips to get spreadsheets \u2013 you\u2019ll get an overview of your first 12 weeks. The app also auto-alternates workouts A and B.", "Start light so your body can get used to Squatting, pressing and pulling three times a week. If you\u2019ve done these exercises before, with proper form, start with 50% of your five rep max. You can enter your best lifts in the spreadsheets or the apps, and they\u2019ll calculate your starting weights for you.", "If you\u2019ve never done these exercises before, haven\u2019t done them in years, or you\u2019re intimidated by free weights then start with the lowest weights possible. This way you can build up your confidence and practice proper form. Here are the recommended starting weights if you\u2019re new to lifting\u2026", "Squat, Bench Press, Overhead Press: 20kg/45lb (the empty Olympic barbell)", "Deadlift: 40kg/95lb (the empty bar with a plate of 10kg/25lb on each side)", "Barbell Row: 30kg/65lb (the empty bar with 5kg/10lb on each side)", "5\u00d75 means you do five sets of five reps with the same weight. Squat 20kg five times, rack the weight, and rest 90 seconds. Then Squat 20kg for five reps again. Repeat until you\u2019ve done five sets of five (5\u00d75). Then move to the next exercise. On Deadlifts only do one set of five reps (1\u00d75).", "Increase the weight every workout on each exercise where you completed five reps on each set. Add 2,5kg/5lb on those exercises. On Deadlift add 5kg/10lb. So if you\u2019re new to lifting and started with the recommended starting weights, your first two weeks will look like this\u2026", "Monday - A Wednesday - B Friday - A", "5x5 20kg/45lb Squat", "5x5 22.5kg/50lb Squat", "5x5 25kg/55lb", "5x5 20kg/45lb Overhead Press", "5x5 20kg/45lb Bench Press", "5x5 22.5kg/50lb", "5x5 30kg/65lb Deadlift", "1x5 40kg/95lb Barbell Row", "Monday - B Wednesday - A Friday - B", "5x5 22.5kg/50lb Bench Press", "1x5 45kg/105lb Barbell Row", "1x5 50kg/115lb", "Free: download the StrongLifts 5\u00d75 spreadsheet to get your first 12 weeks of training calculated for you. You\u2019ll know the exercises, weights, sets & reps to do. And the progress graphs will keep you motivated. Signup to my daily email tips to get the spreadsheet. Just click here.", "All weights include the bar because you lift it. So Squat 5\u00d75 27.5kg/60lb means you put 3.75kg/7.5lb on each side of the 20kg/45lb Olympic bar. You need small plates of 1.25kg/2.5lb to do this.", "The first weeks will feel easy. But the weight will increase fast. Within four weeks you\u2019ll be Squatting 30kg/60lb more, pressing 15kg/30lb more and Deadlifting 30kg/60lb more. Start with the bar and you could be Squatting 100kg/220lb for 5\u00d75 in 12 weeks. That\u2019s more than most people.", "Your goal is to add weight every workout for as long as you can. You won\u2019t be able to do this forever. Eventually you\u2019ll struggle to get five reps and fail (there are ways to get around that). But most people are surprised by how long they can add weight each workout with such a simple program.", "1.1 Typical Results", "1.2 Muscles Worked", "1.3 Why This Works", "1.4 Workout Videos", "1.5 Origins of 5\u00d75", "2.1 Workouts", "2.3 Exercise Order", "2.4 Sets & Reps", "2.5 Rest Times", "2.6 Lifting Tempo", "2.7 Breathing", "2.8 Rest Days", "2.9 Progression", "2.10 Starting Weights", "2.13 Strength Goals", "3.1 Failed Reps", "3.2 Deloads", "3.3 3\u00d75/3\u00d73/1\u00d73", "3.4 Madcow 5\u00d75", "4.1 Soreness", "4.3 Protein", "4.5 Sleep", "5 Assistance Work", "5.1 Arms", "5.2 Abs", "5.3 Calves", "6 Cardio", "6.2 Heart Health", "7.1 Home Gym", "7.2 Power Rack", "7.3 Squat Rack", "7.4 Squat Stands", "7.5 Smith Machine", "7.6 Barbell", "7.7 Collars", "7.9 Small Plates", "7.11 Bench", "7.12 Chalk", "8.1 Starting Too Heavy", "8.2 Changing The Program", "8.3 Adding Too Much Stuff", "8.4 Lifting in a Bad Gym", "8.5 Adding Weight Too Fast", "8.6 Lifting With Bad Form", "8.7 Not Lifting Heavy", "8.8 Skipping Workouts", "8.9 Rushing Your Sets", "8.10 Eating Too Little", "9 Popular Questions", "9.1 Will StrongLifts 5\u00d75 work for me?", "9.2 How long does it take to see results?", "9.3 What\u2019s the science behind this program?", "9.4 Does StrongLifts 5\u00d75 build muscle?", "9.5 Can I gain mass with StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "9.6 Can I lose fat with StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "9.7 Does this program work for guys over 40?", "9.8 Does StrongLifts 5\u00d75 work for women?", "9.9 Can teens do StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "9.10 Can I get results with StrongLifts 5\u00d75 if I have bad genetics?", "9.11 Will this make me slow for sports?", "9.12 Isn\u2019t Squatting 3x/week too much?", "9.13 Can I do 5\u00d75 Deadlifts?", "9.14 Does StrongLifts 5\u00d75 work with Dumbbells?", "9.15 Does StrongLifts 5\u00d75 work with Machines?", "9.16 What if my gym doesn\u2019t have barbells to do StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "9.17 How Can I Mix StrongLifts 5\u00d75 with Crossfit?", "9.18 Should I take a week off StrongLifters 5\u00d75 every 8-12 weeks?", "9.19 Do I need a training partner for StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "9.20 Do I need a spotter to do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 safely?", "9.21 What\u2019s the best time to workout?", "9.22 Should I workout if I\u2019m sick?", "9.23 What if I don\u2019t feel like lifting today?", "9.24 What if I\u2019m embarrassed to go the gym?", "9.25 Should I lift if I\u2019m sore?", "9.26 Can I do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 every day?", "9.27 Can I do workouts for arms/ab/back/etc on off days?", "9.28 I have to start over due to bad form. How much weight do you suggest?", "9.29 Can I Squat less deep if I think I\u2019m going to stall?", "9.30 How should I train if I\u2019m traveling for work and only have access to hotel gyms?", "9.31 What if I hate Squats/Rows/Bench/whatever?", "9.32 Will Smoking Hinder My Gains on StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "9.33 Will Alcohol Hinder My Gains on StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "9.34 How to Convince my Friend to do StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "9.35 Is it okay to lift in cold weather?", "9.36 I\u2019m 35. Am I too old for this?", "9.37 What about stretching?", "Your results depend on your age, gender, weight, technique, nutrition, sleep, experience, consistency, effort, etc. Many people have doubled their Squat to 300lb, gained 24lb and lost 12lb in a year on this program. But these results are atypical for older lifters or females with less testosterone.", "The typical result you can expect if you do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 as laid out is an increase in strength and muscle mass. The magnitude of the gains and time it takes varies. But I\u2019ve never met someone who didn\u2019t improve with this program. Do it by the book and here\u2019s what you can expect\u2026", "More Strength. You\u2019ll gain strength on every StrongLifts 5\u00d75 exercise. You\u2019ll quickly lift more than other people. Your strength will transfer to physical activities outside the gym. Picking up heavy objects, carrying groceries or walking up stairs will be easier.", "More Muscle. Your muscles will become stronger and bigger to lift the weights. If you\u2019ve never done a proper training program like this one before, you can gain up to 24lb of lean muscle in a year. You\u2019ll also regain lost muscle and stop muscle loss from aging/dieting.", "Less Fat. The heavier the weights, the more energy you\u2019ll burn. You\u2019ll also burn more energy post-workout for muscle recovery. Your metabolism will be higher. Eat right on top of lifting weights and you\u2019ll lose fat. Your waist and body-fat will decrease \u2013 without doing cardio.", "More Sex. A muscular body is more attractive than a fat one. Your clothes will fit better. Your posture will improve. Your testosterone levels will increase. You\u2019ll look and feel better, and this will increase your success with the opposite sex. You\u2019ll get laid more. Really.", "More Endurance. Your muscles will last longer before they get tired because they\u2019re stronger. It will take them less effort to do things like walking or running. Many people have been surprised to find out they can suddenly run three miles despite never actually running.", "More Power. Stronger muscles can do more work in the same amount of time. Increasing your strength will therefore make you more powerful and explosive for sports. You\u2019ll be faster on the field, harder to tackle and hit harder. You\u2019ll be tougher to beat.", "More Fitness. Your heart muscle will get stronger like every other muscle. Daily activities will take less effort because they\u2019ll put less demand on your stronger heart. Your blood pressure and heart rate will decrease. Your cardiovascular fitness will increase.", "More Flexibility. Your hip mobility will increase because Squatting three times a week moves your legs through a full range of motion. Your shoulder flexibility will increase from holding the bar on your upper-back \u2013 this opens your chest and improves your posture.", "More Health. Your testosterone will increase. Your cholesterol, blood pressure and stress will decrease. Your glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity will improve. And so on. All of this will make you feel healthier and younger. You\u2019ll have more energy than before.", "Less Injuries. Your bone density will increase and balance improve. Your joints, spine and the muscles around them will get stronger. They\u2019ll give them more support and protection. This makes you less likely to get injured and may even eliminate nagging pains.", "More Confidence. People will notice your new body and strength. Some will compliment you. A few might ask for advice. This positive feedback, the respect you\u2019ll get, and the changes you\u2019ll make will make you believe in yourself more. You\u2019ll become more confident.", "More Toughness. Adding weight every workout is hard work. But this strengthens your mind as well as your body. It increases your pain tolerance, pain treshold and mental toughness. This makes it easier for you to work hard because you become tougher.", "More Time. Only three workouts per week. Each takes 45 mins the first 12 weeks, max 80mins after that. So you\u2019ll spend max four hours in the gym each week. The other 164 hours you can spend-guilt-free on family, friends, hobbies, etc. You\u2019ll have a life outside the gym.", "More Money. You won\u2019t need expensive supplements to get results (most don\u2019t work anyway). You also won\u2019t need a lot of equipment. You can easily build a home gym and train from your garage as I did for ten years. This saves money on gym fees.", "For best results guys need to increase the main lifts to 140kg/300lb Squat, 100kg/220lb Bench and 180kg/400lb Deadlift. Anything below that isn\u2019t enough to see dramatic improvements. Your focus should therefore be to increase the weight until you reach these minimum targets.", "Warning: this program looks easy, but isn\u2019t. You\u2019re adding weight every workout. This triggers your body to gain strength and muscle to lift heavier the next workout. It\u2019s the most effective way to train but it\u2019s hard work. Some people don\u2019t have the mental fortitude for it. If you do, you\u2019ll gain.", "StrongLifts 5\u00d75 is a full body training program. Every exercise works several muscles. Together, these compound exercises work your whole body. This is what makes this program so time-efficient \u2013 you can train every single muscle by doing only three exercises per workout.", "This can be hard to believe if you\u2019re used to train one muscle a day by doing a dozen of exercises per workout. But you don\u2019t need to train your muscles directly for them to grow. They actually grow better with compound exercises because you can lift heavier weights. This triggers more growth.", "This is why more strength is more muscle. The stronger you are, the heavier the weights you can lift, and thus the more muscular you\u2019ll be. Your muscles must grow bigger to lift the heavier weights. It\u2019s therefore not the quantity of exercises you do that matters most. It\u2019s the intensity.", "The intensity is higher on compound exercises because you can use heavier weights. StrongLifts 5\u00d75 uses the five best compound exercises \u2013 \u201cthe big five\u201d. Here are all the muscles you\u2019ll work by doing the Squat, Bench Press, Overhead Press, Deadlift and Barbell Row every week\u2026", "Chest. Your whole chest works to push the bar away from you when you Bench Press. Your upper-chest works to lift the weight when you Overhead Press.", "Shoulders. Your whole shoulder girdle (front, side, rear) works to raise your arms when you Overhead Press. Your front shoulders also work to raise your arms when you Bench Press.", "Arms. Your biceps pull the weight to you when you Barbell Row. Your triceps push the weight when you Bench/Overhead Press. Your arms contract on every exercise to hold the bar.", "Forearms. Your forearms keep the bar in your hands on all exercises. They work very hard on Deadlifts to keep your hands closed against gravity so you don\u2019t lose the bar.", "Abs. Your abs work on every exercise to support your spine. They keep your lower back from rounding on Deadlifts, Squats and Rows. They keep it from arching on the Overhead Press.", "Calves. Your calves work to straighten your ankles when you Squat and Deadlift the weight up. They also stabilize you when you Overhead/Bench Press and Row.", "Traps. Your traps work to keep your shoulders in place when you Deadlift and Barbell Row. They transfer power to the bar. They also contract at the top of your Overhead Press.", "Thighs. Your quads, glutes and hamstring straighten your legs and hips when you Squat and Deadlift. They also keep you stabilized when you Overhead/Bench Press and Row.", "Back. Your lower back keeps your spine from rounding on Deadlifts, Squats and Row. Your upper-back pulls the weight back on Rows. It also keeps the bar close on Deadlifts.", "You can\u2019t make the mistake of favoring body-parts on StrongLifts 5\u00d75. The compound exercises work your whole body. So you won\u2019t turn into a captain upper-body with only chest and arms but no back and legs. Instead you\u2019ll build a balanced, well-proportioned physique.", "In fact, the upper/lower-body distribution is almost even. Over two weeks you do 150 Squat reps (lower), 150 Bench/OHP reps (upper), 15 DL reps (lower) and 75 Rows reps (upper). That 43% lower-body vs 57% upper-body work. This creates a balanced body development.", "Keep in mind StrongLifts 5\u00d75 is not a bodybuilding program. You will build your body. You will build muscle. A lot of muscle. But you won\u2019t turn into a bodybuilder. You\u2019ll build a muscular and athletic body instead. One that doesn\u2019t just look strong but actually is strong too.", "The key is to increase your strength. Don\u2019t expect the chest development of a 100kg/220lb bencher if you only bench half that. Don\u2019t expect legs like a 180kg/400lb Squatter if you can\u2019t even Squat two plates. Aim for that 140kg/300lb SQ, 100kg/220lb BP and 180kg/400lb DL.", "According to the legend, Milo from Croton trained for the Olympics by carrying a calf each day. The calf grew bigger which increased the weight he carried. This triggered his body to gain strength and muscle. It turned him into the best wrestler of his time. Milo won the Olympic Games 6x.", "It\u2019s just a legend, but there are many lessons here. He started light. He added weight slowly. He added weight every workout. He lifted a heavy object that worked his whole body. He lifted it frequently. He balanced it himself. His program was simple. But it was hard work. And it was effective.", "StrongLifts 5\u00d75 doesn\u2019t use a calf. But it works the same way. And that\u2019s why it\u2019s so effective.", "Free Weights. Machines balance the weight for you. Free weights force you to balance it. So they engage more muscles, improve balance and build strength that transfers outside the gym. The movements are also more natural and safer because you control how the bar moves.", "Barbells. You can lift heavier weights with barbells than dumbbells or kettlebells. Barbells therefore trigger your body harder to gain strength and muscle. And you only need one to do all StrongLifts 5\u00d75 exercises. This makes building a home gym cheap and easy.", "Compounds. You can lift heavier on compounds like Squats than isolation like leg curls. Squats use more muscles \u2013 you can lift heavier and thus build more muscle. And since compounds work several muscles you don\u2019t need gazillions exercises. Three is plenty \u2013 saves time.", "Squats. The Squat is the backbone of the program. It works your whole body, with heavy weights, and over a long range of motion. Squats are the best exercise to gain strength and muscle. You\u2019ll hate them because they\u2019re hard, love them for the results they deliver.", "Light Start. StrongLifts 5\u00d75 starts with light weights. This prevents soreness. It gives your body time to adapt to lifting more frequently. It prevents plateauing too early. It forces you to focus on lifting with proper form. And it prepares you for the heavy weeks later.", "Intensity. The workouts are short but intense. Each exercise works several muscles at the same time, and the weight is heavier. But you\u2019re only doing three exercises so you don\u2019t lose focus. By the time you\u2019re getting really tired, you\u2019ve finished your workout.", "Progressive Overload. Increasing the weight progressively triggers your body to get stronger. Your body arms itself to better handle the load next time. So your muscles get bigger, bones denser, and tendons stronger. Not lifting heavy makes you lose muscle and strength.", "Frequency. Squatting three times a week is better than once because you trigger your legs 3x more to grow muscle. You also get to practice proper form three times more. This improves your form which helps you lift more and triggers even more muscle growth.", "Fives. You can lift more weight if you do five reps than eight, ten or twelve. Your form is better because the set is over before fatigue sets in. The total amount of sets is the same whether you do 5\u00d75 or 3\u00d78 (25 vs 24). The weight is just heavier which stimulates more growth.", "No Failure. Training to failure gets you pumped and sore. Soreness prevents you to train the muscles again the same week. Yet training more frequently triggers more strength and muscle gains. You therefore don\u2019t try to hit failure on StrongLifts 5\u00d75. You try to add weight.", "Rest. Every workout stimulates strength and muscle gains. It makes you stronger. But it also tires your body. You need rest between workouts so your muscles can recover, grow stronger, and lift heavier weights next time. StrongLifts 5\u00d75 gives you four rest days a week.", "Plan. Failing to plan is planning to fail. Most people have no plan in the gym. They do what they feel like or see someone else do. StrongLifts 5\u00d75 gives you a plan every workout day. It gives you a simple way to progress. You\u2019ll know what to do and expect. You\u2019ll be confident.", "Adherence. The best training program is the one you actually stick to. It\u2019s easier to stick to StrongLifts 5\u00d75 because it only takes three workouts a week. And each workout takes less than an hour the first 12 weeks. You\u2019ll skip less workouts and be more consistent.", "Objective. StrongLifts 5\u00d75 is free of subjective BS like \u201cfeeling your muscles\u201d or how you look in the mirror. You know if the program works by looking at the weight on the bar. If it goes up over time \u2013 and it will \u2013 you\u2019re gaining strength and muscle, period.", "Fun. Many people get addicted to adding weight each workout. You\u2019ll get curious about how far you can get on StrongLifts 5\u00d75. For the first time you\u2019ll look forward to going to the gym and lift more than last time. Your motivation will go through the roof.", "Simple. You don\u2019t need a PhD to understand StrongLifts 5\u00d75. It\u2019s just two workouts with three exercises each. You do sets of five and add weight every time. Done. It\u2019s even simpler when you use the app as it will do all the thinking for you so you can focus on lifting.", "StrongLifts 5\u00d75 is based on common sense. If you\u2019re a logical thinker like me, this program will make sense to you. It will be obvious that this program is far more effective than the one muscle a day high rep isolation split routines so many people still waste time and effort on in 2017.", "Here are two videos in which you can see me doing the two workouts of StrongLifts 5\u00d75. I\u2019m lifting the weights that you\u2019ll be lifting in weeks 8/9. I\u2019m also completing each workout in less than thirty minutes. Watch both videos and listen to me answering common questions.", "Origins of 5\u00d75", "StrongLifts 5\u00d75 is based on the 5\u00d75 routine. I didn\u2019t invent 5\u00d75 \u2013 I just wrote a definitive guide on it in 2007 and created apps for it in 2010. It\u2019s not clear who invented the 5\u00d75 routine but it seems to have been around for almost 100 years now. Here\u2019s a short history on its origins\u2026", "In Muscle, Smoke and Mirrors, Randy Roach wrote that Milo Steinborn brought the Squat to the USA from Germany in the 1920s. Power Racks didn\u2019t exist yet so he put the bar vertically and then dropped it on his upper-back. Milo could Squat 250kg/550lb for reps like this\u2026", "The American lifters were floored and soon started to Squat too. Weightlifting coach Mark Berry gained 50lb body-weight by Squatting. By the late 1930s he was telling everyone to Squat in his magazine Strength. He seemed to have been the first one to write about the 5\u00d75 routine.", "Two decades later in the UK, Reg Park was 3x Mr Universe. He could Squat 600lb, Bench 500lb and Deadlift 700lb. In 1960 he put everything he learned in his book Strength & Bulk Training for Weight Lifters & Body Builders. His main program was a 5\u00d75 routine revolving around Squats.", "Reg Park later became Arnold Schwarzenegger\u2019s lifelong mentor. His biographies Total Recall and The Education of a Bodybuilder reveal that Arnold did a lot of heavy lifting. He was a competitive olympic lifter and powerlifter before turning bodybuilder. Reg Park most likely had Arnold do 5\u00d75 too.", "Meanwhile the Canadian weightlifter Doug Hepburn won Gold at the 1953 Olympics. He was big on 5\u00d75 and could Squat 760lb, Bench Press 580lb and Deadlift 705lb. Interestingly, Hepburn trained in Ed Yaricks gym in California which Reg Park visited in 1949. They might have met\u2026", "Many people consider Bill Starr the father of the 5\u00d75 routine. In 1976 he popularized it in his book The Strongest Shall Survive. Starr called his program \u201cThe Big Three\u201d \u2013 aimed at football, it was centered around the Squat, Bench Press and Power Clean for five sets of five reps.", "I discovered the 5\u00d75 routine in 2003 on the Internet. There was a forum poster \u201cJohn Smith\u201d writing about it (he turned out to be weightlifting coach Glenn Pendlay). And there was Madcow who talked to Pendlay and wrote about 5\u00d75 on the now defunct Geocities. Their writings sold me on 5\u00d75.", "In 2007 my mentor told me to start a website about lifting. I didn\u2019t want to at first, but then went for it. In June that year I wrote a definitive guide on the 5\u00d75 routine. People found it helpful, started to call it StrongLifts 5\u00d75, and somehow it became popular. In 2010 I created the first app for 5\u00d75.", "But I didn\u2019t invent 5\u00d75. The routine and its principles have been around long before I was born. And it will be around long after I\u2019m gone. Many training programs come and go. But the 5\u00d75 routine has stood the test of times. The reason should be obvious \u2013 it\u2019s simple, and actually works.", "StrongLifts 5\u00d75 triggers strength and muscle growth in your whole body using two workouts A and B. You Squat every workout as first exercise because that\u2019s the backbone of the program. The next two exercises change based on whether you do workout A or B. The workouts\u2026", "Workout A: Squat 5\u00d75, Bench Press 5\u00d75, Barbell Row 5\u00d75", "Workout B: Squat 5\u00d75, Overhead Press 5\u00d75, Deadlift 1\u00d75", "Do one workout per day. If this doesn\u2019t feel enough then the weight is too light. Be patient or increase the weight. Once the weight is heavy you won\u2019t be able to do more than three exercises without losing strength. Bench tires your shoulders for OHPress, and Rows tire your back for Deadlifts.", "Alternate workout A and B every time you train. Start with workout A today, do workout B in two days, then do workout A again. This means some weeks you\u2019ll do A/B/A, some B/A/B. If you don\u2019t get this then download the spreadsheets, or use the app as they alternate workouts for you.", "Wait at least one day between two workouts. This gives your body time to recover, get stronger and build muscle to lift heavier next workout. Don\u2019t workout two days in a row \u2013 the weight will be harder to lift and you\u2019ll miss reps because your muscles aren\u2019t fully recovered yet.", "Do three workouts a week. Most people train Monday/Wednesday/Friday but Tu/Th/Sa or Su/Tu/Th works too. As long as you wait at least one day between two workouts, it\u2019s fine. Try to train the same days and times each week. This creates a habit that will increase your consistency.", "You could do four workouts a week. You still have that day off inbetween but progress will be slightly faster. Most people like having two days off in a row though. And those who start with four usually switch to three later. So stick with three. Your training schedule will be more consistent.", "If you miss one or two workouts, continue where you left off. Let\u2019s say you train Mo/We/Fr and miss Friday. Do that workout on Saturday. No need to lower the weight, you don\u2019t lose strength that fast. The continue on Mo/We/F the week after. Again, use the app, they take care of all of this.", "Note that these three workouts a week are a full training program. You can\u2019t do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 on top of another program. It would hurt your recovery and prevent you to add weight each workout. You\u2019d miss reps, plateau and get nowhere. Do this program or the other \u2013 not both.", "On StrongLifts 5\u00d75 you do five exercises \u2013 the Squat, Bench Press, Deadlift, Overhead Press and Barbell Row. Every workout starts with Squats. The other exercises alternate each workout.", "Squat. The backbone of the program. Squats strengthen your legs and everything else with heavy weights. The bar moves through a longer range of motion than any other exercise.", "Bench Press. The upper-body equivalent of the Squat. The Bench strengthens your chest, shoulders and arms. The weight is heavier than on any other upper-body exercise.", "Deadlift. Trains pulling heavy weight from the floor with a neutral spine. Strengthens your grip, legs and entire back. The weight is heavier than on any other exercise on this program.", "Overhead Press. Trains lifting weights overhead. Strengthens your shoulders and everything under the bar. Hardest lift of all five, you\u2019ll lift the least amount of weight here.", "Barbell Row. Trains pulling weight towards you, like rowing on a boat. Strengthens your whole back and arms. Rows are assistance work for the other four exercises.", "You do these five exercises because they let you lift the heaviest weight. You can Squat heavier than you can Front Squat. Squats therefore trigger more strength and muscle gains, and so they\u2019re in the program. Every exercise lets you lift the heaviest weights to work your major muscle groups.", "Use a barbell for every exercise. You can lift the heaviest weight with a barbell. It\u2019s therefore the best tool to trigger your body to build strength and muscle. It\u2019s also the best tool to progress because you can start light with just the bar, and add weights as low as 0.5kg/1lb each workout.", "The barbell must move freely. It can\u2019t be attached to a machine because that takes work away from your muscles. You have to balance the weight yourself, not let a machine do it. You also need total control over how the bar moves \u2013 a machine can\u2019t be determining the bar path.", "So don\u2019t do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 on the smith machine. Its fixed bar makes your muscles work less since you don\u2019t have to balance it. It also forces you into unnatural movements that can cause pain and injuries. Even the newer 3D smith machine has the former problem so it\u2019s no good either.", "Dumbbells also don\u2019t work for this program. You can\u2019t Squat or Deadlift heavy because holding the weights is the limiting factor. And most dumbbells go up by 2kg/5lb. They force you to use bigger increments of 4kg/10lb per workout. You\u2019ll plateau earlier and more often than with a barbell.", "Kettlebells don\u2019t work for similar reasons. I can Squat 180kg/400lb with a bar. The heaviest kettlebell is 48kg. And holding one in each hand is harder than Squatting it so you\u2019re not challenging your legs. Plus kettlebells go up by 4kg. They\u2019re great for cardio but don\u2019t substitute a barbell.", "Safety concerns usually makes people prefer the smith machine or dumbbells. But you\u2019re not the first one to think about your safety. Many strong lifters lift heavier weights than we\u2019ll ever lift. Failing their weights could kill them. Yet the rate of injury is low because they\u2019ve already solved this problem\u2026", "Lift in the Power Rack. Rock climbers use a rope to catch them if they fall. StrongLifters use a Power Rack to catch the bar if they fail. I\u2019ve lifted mostly alone for over 10y in my home gym. Failed plenty but never got stuck under the bar because I lifted in the Power Rack.", "Start light. You don\u2019t put four plates on the bar because you read I can Squat that. You learn to walk before you try to run. Start with the empty bar and add a little weight each workout. As the weight increases so will your experience, comfort and confidence with the weight.", "Use proper form. It prevents injuries, improves efficiency and increases strength and muscle gains. Keep your spine neutral to avoid lower back injuries. Keep your thighs and feet aligned to avoid knee injuries. Don\u2019t flare your shoulders. Read my exercise guides.", "Your gym may not have a Power Rack or even a bar. I don\u2019t have a magic wand to make one appear. Either go to a real gym or build a home gym. Otherwise you\u2019re stuck doing an inferior program with what you have. But don\u2019t bastardize this program. Do it as laid out or don\u2019t do it all.", "Substituting any exercise will make the program less effective. You\u2019ll introduce exercises that trigger less strength and muscle gains because you can\u2019t go as heavy. Or you\u2019ll use machines where you don\u2019t balance the bar. There are no better exercises than these fives. They\u2019re the best.", "The key is to use proper form by using a complete range of motion. A half Squat will not build legs like a proper Squat will \u2013 your muscles are only working half the movement. Same with benching half reps \u2013 it doesn\u2019t work your chest muscles well. Read the guides so you do the exercises right.", "Use the same range of motion on every rep, set and workout regardless of the weight. Don\u2019t shorten the ROM when you start struggling just so you can get your reps. Otherwise you don\u2019t know if you can lift more because you got stronger or because you\u2019re just cheating the ROM. Keep it constant.", "The exercise order of StrongLifts 5\u00d75 is not random but on purpose. Stick to it.", "Always start with Squats. They\u2019re the hardest exercise and the backbone of the program. If you Squat second or last you\u2019ll make them harder because you\u2019re already tired. So you\u2019re more likely to skip them (especially if you hate Squats). Squat first so you can\u2019t rationalize your way out.", "Bench or Overhead Press next. This gives your legs and lower back rest before you need them again on Barbell Rows and Deadlifts. If you reverse the exercise order you\u2019ll struggle on those exercises. Your lower back and legs will be tired from Squats. You need them for Rows and Deadlifts.", "Starting with Deadlifts tires your lower back for Squats. Squats tire it for Deadlifts too. But you only Deadlift for 1\u00d75 after Squats. Squatting for 5\u00d75 is hard, and Squatting for 5\u00d75 after Deadlifts is even harder. You\u2019re going to be tempted to cut your Squats short or skip them alltogether.", "Sticking to the same exercise order every workouts also makes it easier to track improvements. If you keep everything constant except the weight, then you know that when you can lift heavier, it\u2019s because you got stronger. Not because you did this exercise first today and were more fresh.", "Squatting first makes you tired for the Bench/OHP. But your goal isn\u2019t to show strength. Your goal is to build it. Besides, powerlifters Bench/ Deadlift after Squats too in competitions. Get used to it.", "Don\u2019t Squat one set, Bench one set, Row one set and then go back to Squats. Do five sets of five on one exercise before moving to the next one. Stay focused on one exercise instead of rushing from one to the other. You\u2019ll have better technique which will help you lift heavier weights.", "The Power Rack may not be free when you arrive in the gym. Or the Bench might be taken when you\u2019re done Squatting. I encounter these situations all the time but never change the exercise order of my workout. Just ask how much time he has left. You\u2019ll get one of these replies\u2026", "Usually he\u2019ll tell you he only has one or two sets left. Great \u2013 you just wait. Gather your plates and stuff. Warmup for Squats maybe with a few stretches. He\u2019ll be done in five minutes so then it\u2019s your turn. Good you didn\u2019t change the exercise order.", "Sometimes he just started or still has many sets to do. Waiting would take too long. Ask if you can join and do your sets while he rests inbetween. I\u2019ve never been refused once in 18 years of training. In fact this is how I met my early mentor. Don\u2019t be shy, do it.", "It doesn\u2019t matter if you lift less than the other guy. I\u2019ve lifted with people who could Squat 700lb. They didn\u2019t mind. As long as you help loading the bar for their sets, don\u2019t complain and don\u2019t waste time, they\u2019ll be cool. This is the best way to make friends in the gym. Again \u2013 do it.", "Do five worksets of five reps (5\u00d75) on Squats, Bench, Overhead Press and Rows. Deadlift only one workset of five reps (1\u00d75). Warmup with light weights before your heavy worksets.", "5\u00d75 means five sets of five reps with the same weight. So Squat 5\u00d75 90kg/200lb means you Squat this weight for five reps on all five worksets. 1\u00d75 means one set of five reps \u2013 not five sets of one rep. So Deadlift 1\u00d75 140kg/300lb is one heavy workset where you pull 140kg/300lb for five reps.", "5\u00d75 Deadlifts after 5\u00d75 Squats doesn\u2019t work. Deadlifts use more muscles. The weight is heavier and each rep starts from a harder dead stop. Pulling heavy for 5\u00d75 is brutal. Instead of accelerating your progress, you\u2019ll slow it by missing reps more. Deadlift only 1\u00d75 \u2013 it\u2019s enough.", "StrongLifts 5\u00d75 uses sets of five reps \u2013 not eight or ten reps like on 3\u00d78 or 3\u00d710. That doesn\u2019t mean doing eight or ten reps is worthless. But it\u2019s not effective for people who haven\u2019t build basic strength, muscle mass and technique first. Here\u2019s why five reps work better:", "Heavier Weight. Five reps keep your sets short. They\u2019re over before you\u2019re tired. So you can lift heavier with fives than eight or ten reps. Heavy weights trigger your body more to gain strength and muscle. It has to get stronger and build muscle to lift the bigger weights.", "More Progress. You can add 2.5kg/5lb each workout more easily when doing five reps because you can lift heavier. This means you can apply progressive overload longer without plateauing. You\u2019ll lift heavier, get stronger and thus build more muscle mass by doing fives.", "Better form. The shorter set makes it easier to stay focused on lifting with proper form. And since it\u2019s over before you\u2019re tired, you can keep that proper form longer. This increases your lifting efficiency and safety. You can lift heavier weights without getting injured.", "The total reps is the same on 5\u00d75 and 3\u00d78 \u2013 25 vs 24 reps. But the weight is higher on 5\u00d75. Let\u2019s say you Squat 100kg for 3\u00d78. You can Squat at least 105kg if you do 5\u00d75 instead. That\u2019s why 5\u00d75 makes more sense \u2013 you\u2019re working your muscles with heavier weight. This triggers more growth.", "Five sets also give you almost double the form practice than three sets. The more you practice proper form, the more efficient you become. This increases how much you lift and decreases injuries. The 1\u00d75 Deadlifts give you less practice but you can fix that by doing fives on your warmup sets.", "Rest Times", "Rest as long as you need between sets to get five reps on your next set. The first weeks of StrongLifts 5\u00d75 you don\u2019t need much rest time because the weights are light. But as your work weight increases and becomes more challenging, you\u2019ll need to rest more. Here\u2019s what I recommend\u2026", "1min30 if you easily completed five reps on your last set", "3min if you struggled to get five reps on your last set", "5min if you failed to get five reps on your last set", "Rest times matter because ATP is your primary energy source for lifting. Each set depletes your ATP stores. It takes three minutes for them to recover 80%. Rest five minutes and you have 95% back. So resting longer between sets gives you more ATP for your next set. It helps you lift heavier.", "Short rest times make you sweat more and cause more pump. But they limit how heavy you can go by forcing you to lift with depleted ATP stores. The goal of StrongLifts 5\u00d75 is to lift heavy because that triggers maximum strength and muscle gains. Rest longer so you can go heavy.", "The drawback of longer rest times is that it makes your workouts take longer. You can fix that by only resting longer when needed. You don\u2019t need to rest between exercises or light warmup sets \u2013 just set the equipment, add weight and go. Keep longer rest times for your hard work sets.", "One way to know if you\u2019re ready for your next set is by paying attention to your breathing. Your heart rate will be elevated after a hard set and you\u2019ll be breathing heavily. When both go back to normal, it usually means you\u2019re ready for your next set. Don\u2019t start a set still breathing hard.", "My app has a built-in rest timer to guide you. It tells you how long to rest between work sets, warmup sets and exercises. It suggests different rest times if your last set was easy, hard, or if you missed reps. It also pings you when it\u2019s time to do your next set. Download the app here.", "Stay focused between sets. You can sit on a bench, but I like to stand. Review your form if you just taped yourself. Look at your training history in my app. Maybe visualize yourself doing your next set with perfect form. But avoid too much socializing as you\u2019ll lose focus and track of time.", "Lifting Tempo", "Use the lifting tempo that lets you lift the heaviest weights with proper form. Lifting slow is no good because it wastes strength. But lifting too fast makes it harder to control the bar and lift with proper form. You must be in control of the bar at all times. Just don\u2019t be slow.", "The first weeks of StrongLifts 5\u00d75 you\u2019ll have to lift more slowly so you can practice proper form. But as you gain experience you can start accelerating the bar on the way up. This recruits more muscle fibers and helps you lift heavier weights. It\u2019s not cheating but more effective.", "Always lower the bar under control. Don\u2019t lower it slowly because that wastes strength. But don\u2019t drop the bar either. Control it on the way down so you can maintain proper form. The bar should go down faster than it moves up. And the bar path should be as close to vertical as possible.", "Lifting slow causes more pump and fatigue. But it also limits how heavy you can go. The goal on this program is to lift heavy. You can lift heavier when you lift fast. That\u2019s why lifting fast recruits more muscle fibers \u2013 the heavier weight forces more muscles to get involved to lift it.", "Lifting fast doesn\u2019t mean the bar will actually move fast. Your lighter warmup weights will move fast. But your heavy work sets won\u2019t always do. The bar can sometimes move slowly on hard reps aka grinders. The point is that you put all your strength into the bar by trying to accelerate it.", "Take your time between reps. Rest a second before doing the next rep so you can get tight and take a big breath. This will also give you some recovery. Don\u2019t rush your reps or you\u2019ll lose focus and lift with bad form. But don\u2019t wait too long either or the next rep will be harder.", "The general rule is to take a big breath before you do the rep, hold it while you do the rep, then exhale when you finished your rep.", "Your blood pressure will increase when you hold your breath like this. But your body will get used to this, especially if you start with the empty bar and work your way up slowly. Your heart is a muscle, and it will get stronger like all your other muscles.", "Ignore people telling you to inhale on the way down or exhale on the up and similar bullshit. All of that does release pressure, but it also weakens your torso. It makes your lower back more prone to injury.", "The point of taking a big breath and hold it, is to create pressure in your abdomen. This pressure increases support for your lower back. It makes your lower back safer and less likely to get injured. Exhaling during reps does the opposite.", "Here\u2019s the proper way to breathe on each exercise:", "Deadlift/Barbell Row. Lower the weight to the floor and wait for the bar to be still before pulling the next rep. Use this rest to reset yourself \u2013 neutral spine and chest up. Then take a big breath and pull. This shouldn\u2019t take longer than a second so you don\u2019t lose the stretch reflex.", "Squats/Bench Press. Squat the weight up and lock your hips and knees. Bench the weight up and lock your elbows. Then rest a second to get tight for the next rep. Squeeze the bar, raise your chest and take a big breath. Then do your next rep.", "Overhead Press. Lower the bar to your chest. Rest a second to get your forearms vertical to the floor and raise your chest. Then take a big breath and press the next rep.", "An advanced technique that works well on the Bench and Overhead Press is to press several reps with one breath. Not exhaling means you don\u2019t lose tightness. But you must be able to hold your breath for 2-3 reps for this to work. Try this later when you\u2019re more experienced.", "Do three StrongLifts 5\u00d75 workouts per week. Wait at least one day between two workouts. If you lift Mon/Wed/Fri, you\u2019ll have four rest days a week on Tue, Thu, Sat and Sun.", "Rest days are crucial to get results on this program. The weight stresses your body every workout. This triggers it to get stronger and build muscle mass so it can better cope with the weight next workout. But your body needs time to recover, gain strength and add muscle.", "Workouts also cause fatigue. They increase your strength, fitness and endurance in the long-term. But in the short-term they tire your body, muscles and mind. You need rest days to start your next workout fresh. Otherwise you can\u2019t lift more weight than you did last time.", "Doing two workouts in a row therefore doesn\u2019t work. Your legs will still be tired for Squats, shoulders still tired to press, back still tired to pull. Worse, you could still be sore from your last workout if it was hard. This will make you struggle to lift more weight. You\u2019ll miss reps and plateau.", "Your schedule may force you to workout two days in a row. Once in a while is fine but every week will hurt your progress. If it\u2019s the only way, spread the workouts as much as possible \u2013 one early in the morning, the other late in the evening the next day. This gives your body more recovery time.", "Rest days doesn\u2019t mean bed rest. You can do any physical activity as long as it doesn\u2019t hurt your recovery by causing more fatigue. A walk or light jog is fine. A marathon is not. Avoid high intensity activities where you go all out. Give priority to the weights and you\u2019ll make better progress.", "This means if you\u2019re used to go by bike to work, it\u2019s probably okay to keep doing it even on your rest days. Your body is already used to it. Your legs might actually recover faster because this flushes blood and nutrients in your legs. If you never biked to work, probably a bad idea to start now.", "Increase the weight on every exercise where you did five reps on every set last workout. So if you Squatted five reps with 100kg/220lb on all five sets, then Squat 102.5kg/225lb next workout. It doesn\u2019t matter if you failed on other exercises. You did 5\u00d75 Squats. So add weight to it.", "Here are the increments to use:", "Squat: 2.5kg/5lb \u2013 that\u2019s one plate of 1.25kg/2.5lb on both sides of the bar.", "Bench/OHP/Row: 2.5kg/5lb. But smaller increments of 1kg/2lb work even better. Especially if you\u2019re small or female. You\u2019ll progress longer without missing reps and plateauing.", "Deadlift: 5kg/10lb \u2013 that\u2019s 2.5kg/5lb on both sides of the bar. Deadlifts use big muscles so you can handle more. Once you Deadlift 100kg/220lb, switch to 2.5kg/5lb per workout.", "Some gyms don\u2019t have small plates of 1.25kg/2.5lb to add 2.5kg/5lb each workout. Ask them to get a pair or buy your own set. Put it in your gym bag and take it with you every time. Small plates take no space and weigh little. They\u2019ll help you progress longer without hitting plateaus.", "What doesn\u2019t work is to add 2.5kg/5lb only on one side of the bar. This shifts the center of gravity. You\u2019ll have to adjust your grip to make up for it, then adjust it again when the bar is loaded evenly. This is asking for bad form, uneven loading of your body, and injury. Just get small plates.", "What also doesn\u2019t work is to add 5kg/10lb per workout (2.5kg/5lb per side). It works for a while on SQ/DL but not long. And it only works a few workouts on Bench/OHPress. The jump in weight is too big so you\u2019ll quickly miss reps, plateau and get frustrated. Compare:", "Adding 5lb to a 500lb Squat is a 1% increment", "Adding 5lb to a 200lb Squat is a 2.5% increment \u2013 2.5x more", "Adding 5lb to a 100lb Overhead Press is a 5% increment \u2013 5x more", "Adding 10lb to a 100lb Overhead Press is a 10% increment \u2013 10x more", "Adding 2.5lb to a 100lb Overhead Press is a 2.5% increment", "Adding 1lb to a a 100lb Overhead Press is a 1% increment", "The less weight you lift, the harder to add 5kg/10lb each workout. You can do it on SQ/DL for a while because they use big muscles (legs, back). The weight is heavier as a result. But Bench/OHP use small muscles (chest, shoulders, arms). The weight is lower which makes big jumps harder.", "This is why dumbbells don\u2019t work for this program. They usually go up by 2kg/5lb. This forces you to add 4kg/10lb per workout since you hold one in each hand. Moving from 50lb to 60lb dumbbells is a 20% increase. This is too much, too soon. It makes you miss reps and plateau.", "It\u2019s easier to progress without hitting a plateau than to have to break one. Small plates delay plateaus. So get a pair of 1.25kg/2.5lb. Then get fractional plates of 0.5kg/1lb too so you can microload on the Bench/OHP by adding only 1kg/2lb per workout. The lighter you are, the more you need this.", "The program progresses faster when using kg than lb. This is because the default increment of 2.5kg equals 5.51lb. So if you use kg like me, you\u2019ll Squat 7.5kg/16.5lb more in 12 weeks than the guy using lb. This is fine for SQ/DL. But you\u2019ll need to microload sooner on Bench and OHPress.", "The first two weeks you can add 10kg/20lb on SQ/DL, 5kg/10lb on BP/OHP/Row. This accelerates your progress when the empty bar feels too easy to start with. But lower the increments before you struggle to get your reps. Remember avoiding plateaus is easier than needing to break them.", "Some workouts will be so hard it will seem impossible to get 5\u00d75 next time with more weight. But remember each workout makes you stronger. So stick to the progression and increase the weight anyway. You\u2019ll be surprised how often the next workout turns out to be easier.", "Starting Weights", "Start light so your body can get used to Squatting, pressing and pulling three times a week. Focus on lifting with proper form meanwhile. This will prepare you for the heavy weights later.", "Starting too heavy will cause soreness. You\u2019ll feel like skipping your next workout which is usually the beginning of the end. One skipped workout often turns into two skipped workouts. Now you have to restart and lost a week. This ruins your motivation and usually ends the program.", "Some guys will start too heavy on Squats, because they\u2019re used to cycling or running. But this is irrelevant. The range of motion is smaller on cycling/running vs Squats. Your legs will sore if you start too heavy on Squats, even if you\u2019re used to do triathlons or ironman.", "Starting too heavy also causes plateaus. If you start with your five rep max today, you can\u2019t lift more two days later\u2026 and another two days later. You\u2019ll miss reps, get sore and end stuck. Your starting weight must be light so you have room to easily add weight for several workouts.", "The misconception is thinking light weights don\u2019t build strength and muscle. Of course lifting heavy is better. And you\u2019ll work towards that with StrongLifts 5\u00d75. But lighter weights trigger your body to gain strength and muscle too. You don\u2019t need to lift your absolute max every time.", "The other issue with starting too heavy is that it encourages bad form. Instead of practicing proper form with easy weight, you must lift it at all costs to get your reps. This builds bad technique habits which will cause plateaus and injuries later when the weight gets even heavier.", "Starting heavy is trying to accelerate your progress. You think it will make you stronger faster. But it doesn\u2019t because you end up missing reps, getting sore, skipping workouts and having to restart with lower weights. You\u2019ll think the program doesn\u2019t work and feel like quitting.", "Remember the fable of the rabbit losing the race to a turtle. You don\u2019t want to be the rabbit who starts heavy, gets sore/stuck, and then has to restart. You want to be like the turtle \u2013 starting light, adding weight steadily, and getting there faster by avoiding soreness and plateaus on the way.", "Your starting weights depend on your strength and experience. Download my spreadsheets and apps, they\u2019ll calculate your starting weights for you. Here\u2019s the basic idea\u2026", "If you\u2019ve done these exercises before, with proper form, then start with 50% of your max. So if you can Squat 5x100kg/220lb, start with 50kg/110lb. This will be easy but within two months you\u2019ll be Squatting 110kg/245lb for 5\u00d75 \u2013 more than you started with.", "If you\u2019ve never done these exercise or haven\u2019t lifted in years, then start with the empty bar. You may look ridiculous for a while, but the weight will increase each workout. Within three months you\u2019ll be Squatting 100kg/220lb for 5\u00d75 \u2013 more than most people.", "Deadlift and Barbell Row you don\u2019t start with the empty bar. You can\u2019t do these exercises with the bar in the air. Each rep must start from the floor. Start with 40kg/95lb on DL and 30kg/65lb on Row (bar weight included). Use full diameter plates so the bar starts at your mid-shin on each rep.", "If the empty bar is too heavy to start with, then use a lighter bar. This is a common issue with females who have less upper-body strength. Use the 5kg/10lb bar or two light dumbbells. Add weight each workout. The program will get you stronger. Switch to the bar when you can lift 20kg/45lb.", "If the starting weight is too light, you can fix that by using bigger increments for a couple of workouts. Instead of adding only 2.5kg/5lb, add 5kg/10lb or maybe even 10kg/20lb on SQ/DL. Switch back to the recommended increments once the weights becomes more challenging.", "Understand you gain little by starting heavy since the weights increase fast anyway. What you lose is time spent working on proper form with lighter weights. This turns into a huge advantage when the weights get heavy. So be conservative with your starting weights.", "If you make the mistake of starting too heavy, you should go to the gym anyway for your next workout, but lower the weights.", "Do several lighter warmup sets before your heavy work sets. Warmup with the empty bar. Add 10-20kg/25-45lb and do your next warmup set. Repeat until you reach your work weight.", "Warming up increases how much you can lift while decreasing the risk of injury. The warmup sets raise the temperature of your muscles and lubricate your joints. They also give you form practice before lifting heavy. And they prepare you mentally for the heavy weights to come.", "Never jump into your heavy work sets without warming up first. The weight will feel heavier and you\u2019ll miss reps more. Worse, you can injure yourself because your muscles are cold and you didn\u2019t get to practice proper form. Always warmup by doing several lighter sets first.", "Cardio pre-workout isn\u2019t enough. It raises your body\u2019s temperature but doesn\u2019t let you practice proper form. You must still do lighter warmup-sets. Also, too much cardio pre-workout will pre-exhaust your legs for Squats. Skip the cardio and do lighter warmup sets \u2013 it will save you time.", "The proper way to warmup is to start with two sets of five with the empty bar. Add 10-20kg/25-45lb and do your next warmup set for 2-3 reps. Keep adding weight until you reach your work weight. Don\u2019t rest between warmup sets to keep your workouts shorts. Only rest after the last one.", "If your work weight is the empty bar, then you don\u2019t need to warmup yet. The weight is too light to get injured plus doing extra sets could tire you out. If you insist on warming up, then do 2\u00d75 body-weight Squats first. For BP/OHP you can warmup by doing 2\u00d75 with a lighter bar or two dumbbells.", "Deadlift and Barbell Rows need less warmup because they\u2019re the last exercise. You\u2019re already warmed up by that point. Plus the starting weight can\u2019t be the empty bar because the weight has to start from the floor. So you\u2019re never warming up with the empty bar on Deadlift and Barbell Row.", "The StrongLifts app has a built-in warmup calculator that gives you the exact sets, reps and weights to warmup with. It gives you this for every exercise and weight. You need StrongLifts Pro to gain access to it, but you\u2019ll see that this feature alone is worth the price.", "Or you can use one of those free warmup calculators online. But they all suck. The mistake they make is to make you do five warmup sets regardless of how heavy your work weight is. Weaker people end up doing too many warmup sets while stronger people don\u2019t get enough. Examples\u2026", "100lb Squat \u2013 5x45lb, 5x45lb, 5x45lb, 3x60lb, 2x80lb, 5\u00d75 100lb. Terrible \u2013 you lifted 1015lb before you even started. Too many sets, too close weight jumps. This wastes strength. My app \u2013 5x45lb, 5x45lb, 3x65lb, 5\u00d75 100lb. That\u2019s 41% less volume yet you\u2019re warmed up fine. Don\u2019t be surprised to fail on Overhead Press from doing too many warmup sets.", "300lb Squat \u2013 5x45lb, 5x45lb, 5x120lb, 3x180lb, 2x240lb, 5\u00d75 300lb. Too big jumps of 60-75lb, too little sets. 300lb will feel heavy because you\u2019re not warmed up properly. My app \u2013 5x45lb, 5x45lb,5x95lb, 5x135lb, 3x185lb, 2x225lb, 1x265lb, 5\u00d75 300lb. More sets but you\u2019re stronger so you can take it without getting tired. Smaller weight jumps. Try it.", "This means the warmup calculator in my app is different. It gives you less warmup sets if your work weight is light so you don\u2019t get tired for your work sets. But it gives you more warmup sets if your work weight is heavy so you don\u2019t end up taking too big jumps. This is more effective.", "Warming up makes your workout longer. The stronger you are, the heavier your work weight, and the more warmup sets. Keep your workouts short by not resting between warmup sets. This will give you a good sweat without getting you too tired since the warmup weights are light.", "The only exception is your last warmup set. Rest before doing your first work set. This way you have full ATP available before doing that heavy set. On your other warmup sets, just add weight and go. Use the warmup rest timer in our app \u2013 it tells you how long to wait so you can focus on lifting.", "Respect your warmup sets by lifting them like your heavy sets. Your workout doesn\u2019t start when your 5\u00d75 weight is on the bar. Your workout starts with your warmup. Put the same focus and effort into them. If you do it right. your heavy work sets will feel easier.", "If 1\u00d75 Deadlifts doesn\u2019t feel enough, warmup by doing sets of five reps instead of 2-3 reps. This gives you more reps to practice proper form. It also increases how much Deadlifts you do. But it avoids the stress of doing 5\u00d75 Deadlifts with heavy weight on each set.", "You don\u2019t need to take a rest week every 12 weeks. StrongLifts 5\u00d75 includes plenty of breaks already with the four rest days a week. You also get breaks from lifting heavy when you deload after hitting a plateau. All of this takes care of your recovery. So keep lifting and adding weight.", "That said, if you train three times a week, 45 weeks a year, then a week off here and there won\u2019t hurt. This is the 80/20 rule aka Pareto\u2019s Principle. I usually take a week off training when going on holiday with family or friends. It never hurts my gains because I\u2019m consistent the rest of the year.", "You don\u2019t lose much strength if you eat properly and stay active during your break. You can actually come back stronger from the extra rest. You should be able to continue where you left off. But don\u2019t hesitate to lower the weight by maybe 10% to ease back into things and avoid soreness.", "Different case if you spent a week partying, drinking alcohol, eating crap and barely sleeping. It will suck when you come back \u2013 talking from experience. Lower the weight more to make it easier on yourself. Or maybe not\u2026 to teach yourself a lesson and not do it again next time\u2026", "It\u2019s crucial that you get back to the gym as soon as possible after your break. If you come back from holidays on Sunday, you should be back in the gym on Monday. You already had a week off. You don\u2019t want it to take another week as it makes your come back harder. Don\u2019t think about it, just go.", "I usually train between Christmas and New Year. But if your gym changes its opening hours, you can either do your workout in advance or skip it for once. Again, what you do between Christmas and New Year doesn\u2019t matter. It\u2019s what you do between New Year and Christmas that does.", "Travelling a lot for work is tougher. You\u2019ll have to train or you\u2019ll miss too many workouts. I usually go to the local Crossfit gym. Every city has one and they have all the equipment you need. Just pay the open gym drop-in fee. Don\u2019t bother with hotel gyms, they usually suck.", "By the way \u2013 skipping a workout is not a break. Breaks you plan in advance \u2013 \u201cI have a holiday coming up, I won\u2019t train\u201d. Skipping a workout usually happens in the moment \u2013 \u201cI don\u2019t feel like it today, screw it\u201d. Regular breaks are fine. Skipping workouts isn\u2019t \u2013 it\u2019s rationalizing laziness.", "Note that the StrongLifts app will tell you how much weight to start with after your break. It keeps track of how long you haven\u2019t trained and then recommends appropriate weight reductions. This prevents missed reps and soreness after your break. Download it here.", "Goals give you direction. They remind you of what you need to do to get where you want to be. They eliminate distractions by keeping you focused on what matters. Set SMART strength goals\u2026", "Specific: no vague \u201cget stronger\u201d but specific exercises \u2013 Squat, Bench, etc", "Measurable: no vague \u201cincrease my Squats\u201d but the exact amount \u2013 300lb Squat", "Achievable: you can\u2019t gain 30lb muscle in three months, the natural limit is 2lb/month", "Realistic: don\u2019t expect to look like Arnold and break world records after only six months", "Time-bound: set a deadline for your goals (birthday, end of the year, competition, etc)", "Here are some SMART strength goals you should set\u2026", "Squat 100kg/220lb 140kg/300lb 160kg/350lb 180kg/400lb", "Bench Press 80kg/175lb 100kg/220lb 110kg/240lb 120kg/265lb", "Deadlift 140kg/300lb 180kg/400lb 200kg/440lb 225kg/500lb", "Overhead Press 45kg/100lb 60kg/135lb", "70kg/155lb 80kg/175lb", "Barbell Row 70kg/155lb 90kg/200lb 100kg/220lb 110kg/240lb", "Time-frame 1-6 months 4-12 months 6-18 months 1-2 years", "These goals are all one rep maxes aka 1RMs. Powerlifting and weightlifting competition use 1RMs to compare strength between lifters and determine winners. Your 1RM is about 20kg/45lb heavier than your 5\u00d75. You can test it every six months if you\u2019re curious but don\u2019t have to.", "You can reach the beginner level with StrongLifts 5\u00d75. All it takes is going to the gym three times a week and doing the work. You can also reach the Intermediate I level with StrongLifts 5\u00d75. But you\u2019ll usually have to switch to 3\u00d75/3\u00d73/1\u00d73 to break through plateaus and get there.", "Beyond that most people need to switch to more advanced training programs like Madcow 5\u00d75. You also need more dedication \u2013 eating right, eating plenty, sleeping enough, perfecting technique, being consistent, etc. Not everyone is willing to put in the time and effort, so not everyone gets there.", "This doesn\u2019t mean you should switch to a new training program when you reach these strength goals. You switch program when your current one stops working. As long as the weight increases over time, keep going \u2013 even if you\u2019ve reached these strength goals. If it ain\u2019t broke, don\u2019t fix it.", "Age and body-weight impact time-frames. Young guys progress faster \u2013 more testosterone. Big guys progress faster too \u2013 they have bigger muscles. Old guys progress slower because of their slower recovery. Females progress slower due to less testosterone and smaller body-weights.", "Just try to improve. Most guys can easily reach the intermediate I level in 12 months. This will make you stronger than 80% of people. The strength you\u2019ll build will add muscle mass to your frame at a rate of 2lb/month on average. So that is an extra 24lb of lean muscle in a year.", "Note that you\u2019re unlikely to have constant lineair progress. In the beginning you will. Yet as the weight increases you\u2019ll eventually hit plateaus. Everyone does or we would all Squat 500kg. But some people hit plateaus sooner than others. This explains the range for the time-frames.", "Break your goals into mini-goals. Before you can Squat 400lb, you first have to Squat 350lb, 300lb, 265lb and 220lb. Focus on your next step instead of looking at the top of the mountain. Your main goal will look easier to achieve and you can check your progress on your way. Some ideas\u2026", "Relative Strength. Set multiples of your body-weight as goals. Let\u2019s say you weigh 80kg/175lb. 1xbw = 80k5/175lb Squat, 1.5x = 120kg/260lb. You can aim for 1x, 1.5x, 2x, 2.5x, 3x, etc.", "Plates. Set \u201cbig boy plates\u201d as goals. One big plate 20kg/45lb plates on each side of the bar on the Squat first. Then two big plates, then three and then four.", "Total. Squat 350lb, Bench 220lb and Deadlift 430lb to join the 1000lb club. Squat 140kg, Bench 100kg and Deadlift 160kg to join the 400kg club. Create your own clubs.", "Consistency. Three workouts a week for 12 weeks. Check the calendar in the app. Aim for three red circles every week on the same days for as long as possible.", "I recommend you set the Intermediate I goal by this day next year. Set the Beginner goals for within the next six months. Set the consistency goals too. Now print this and hang it somewhere you\u2019ll see your goals daily \u2013 on your fridge, bathroom, home gym, whatever. Then do the work.", "Failed Reps", "Failure is part of the game. You can\u2019t add weight every workout forever. Everyone plateaus eventually or this would be too easy. Failing reps isn\u2019t the end of the world, and doesn\u2019t make you a failure.", "Sometimes you fail reps because you\u2019re having a bad day. You didn\u2019t sleep well last night. You didn\u2019t eat enough today. You had a long day at work. Your mind isn\u2019t into it. You feel sick. It happens. What matters is that you show up anyway. Do your best today, you\u2019ll do better next workout.", "Sometimes you fail reps because you\u2019ve been making mistakes for a while. You got away with it when the weights were light. But now that they\u2019re heavier they\u2019re making you fail. The usual mistakes are rushing through your workouts, trying to accelerate progress, and not recovering properly\u2026", "Short Rest Times. Not recovering fully from the last set == more fail.", "Big Increments. Adding too much weight every workout == more fail.", "Bad Warmups. Doing too little warmup sets, too many, or none at all == more fail.", "Bad Form. Bad bar paths and not engaging maximum muscle mass == more fail.", "Skipped Workouts. Can\u2019t trigger growth if you don\u2019t lift consistently == more fail.", "Doing Too Much. Overdoing cardio/assistance hinders recovery == more fail.", "Lack of Sleep. Sleeping too little hours hinders recovery == more fail.", "Lack of Food. Eating like a bird hinders recovery == more fail.", "Some people start looking for a new program when they fail reps. They think this one must be broken. The ones who get the strongest don\u2019t give up on a program that easily. They also take their technique, nutrition, and sleep more seriously. They consider it part of their training \u2013 because it is.", "This is a lot of work. But unless you\u2019re a genetic freak or on drugs, you\u2019re going to have to work hard. In fact, the stronger and more muscular you want to be, the more time and effort you have to put into this. If you don\u2019t, you\u2019ll fail reps\u2026 and then your lifts, strength and muscle mass can\u2019t increase.", "So if you\u2019ve been eating one meal a day, sleeping five hours a night, doing cardio six times a week, adding 5kg/10lb per workout, resting only 30sec between sets, not warming up properly, and skipping workouts\u2026 then don\u2019t be surprised to fail reps. Fix all of that instead of switching program.", "Anyway, the first thing you do when you fail a set is to rest longer. Rack the bar and wait at least five minutes before doing your next set. Your ATP stores must be fully recovered otherwise you\u2019ll fail reps again. This is not cardio but strength training. Rest longer so you can lift heavy.", "Use the built-in rest timer in my app. Let\u2019s say you missed the third rep on the third set. Mark it as two reps done by tapping on the set circle several times in a row (the reps will decrease). The app will recommend you to rest longer before doing your next set so you get fives this time.", "Double-check your equipment is set to catch the bar if you fail on the Squat or Bench Press. You don\u2019t want the weight to be even harder by worrying about injury during your set. Squat and Bench in the Power Rack. Set the safety pins at the proper height so they can catch the bar if you fail.", "If you\u2019re afraid of failing, practice it a couple of times. Rock climbers make beginners drop off the wall so they feel the safety of the rope. You want to feel the safety of the Power Rack. Squat down, come back up, then fail mid-way. Let the pins catch the bar. This builds your confidence.", "Failing reps ends the set. If you miss the third rep on the third set, don\u2019t try to get the fourth and fifth reps later. Rack the weight, rest five minutes and then do your fourth set. Then rack the weight again, rest, and do your fifth set. It doesn\u2019t matter if you fail to get five reps \u2013 you do five sets max.", "The only exception is if you failed because you lost focus or balance. Let\u2019s say this made you miss the third rep on your third set. But then on your fourth and fifth set you get 5 reps. Here you can do a sixth set of five reps to replace your failed set where you only got two reps.", "Never lower the weight mid-workout to get five reps more easily. You\u2019ve already lifted that weight for sets of five last time. You can already do it. You now want your body to lift heavier weight. You need to lift that weight for that. So stick with it and try again.", "Don\u2019t cheat when you fail reps. Don\u2019t start doing half Squats and half Bench Presses. Keep the range of motion the same on every rep and set. The weight can only increase because you got stronger. Not because you moved the bar over a smaller distance than before.", "Same idea on the other exercises. Don\u2019t start using your knees on the Overhead Press \u2013 that\u2019s a Push Press and takes work away from your shoulder muscles. Don\u2019t start bouncing on Deadlifts and Rows either \u2013 it also takes work away by using the rebound of the plates against the floor.", "Don\u2019t let your form deteriorate to get the five reps at all costs. Maybe you can get the rep if you let your back round, your elbows flare or your knees cave in. But you\u2019re increasing the risk of injury. And you\u2019re building bad technique habits. Your form should be 80% perfect on your heavy sets.", "Switch to smaller increments of 1kg/2lb per workout on the Overhead and Bench Press well before you start failing. Get small plates so you can microload and avoid plateaus. Same on Squats \u2013 don\u2019t add more than 2.5kg/5lb per workout or you\u2019ll fail reps sooner.", "Repeat the weight next workout for every exercise where you failed reps on. So if you only got three reps on the last two sets of Squats with 100kg/220lb, you Squat 100kg/220lb again next workout. You don\u2019t increase your Squat weight because you didn\u2019t get five reps on all five sets.", "You do increase the weight on every exercise where you did get five reps on every set. Let\u2019s say you fail on the Squat but don\u2019t on the Bench Press and Barbell Row. Don\u2019t increase your Squat weight next workout \u2013 repeat it. But add weight on Bench and Rows since you got 5\u00d75 there.", "If you don\u2019t get it, just use my app. It tells you how much weight to lift next workout when you fail. It repeats the weight on the exercises you fail only while increasing it on the exercises you succeed. If you get 5\u00d75 next time, it then starts adding weight again. Download it here.", "You\u2019ll first fail on the exercises that use smaller muscles. Overhead Press first, then Bench Press, then Squat, and finally Deadlift. If you fail in a different order, your form is off. If you fail reps during the first 12 weeks, you started too heavy, you\u2019re adding too much weight, resting too little, etc", "Deloads", "Deload if you fail to get five reps on every set for three workouts in a row. Lower the weight by 10% on that exercise next workout. Then add weight every workout again. It will take several workouts to get back to the weight you got stuck on. But this time you\u2019ll succeed thanks to the deload.", "Example \u2013 you failed to Squat 100kg/220lb for 5\u00d75 three workouts in a row. You missed reps on one or several sets for three workouts. Next time you Squat don\u2019t try to get 5\u00d75 with 100kg/220lb again. Deload instead. Lower the weight by 10% on Squats and do 90kg/200lb for 5\u00d75 next workout.", "Only deload on the exercise you failed. So if you fail to Squat 5\u00d75 but did 5\u00d75 on Bench and Row, then only deload on Squat. And if you fail three workouts in a row on Squat, but only failed one workout on Bench, then deload on Squat but repeat the weight on the Bench Press.", "You can also deload if you have bad form. If you can\u2019t improve it at the current weight, and adding weight continues to make it worse, then take a step back. Deload 10% to work on your form.", "Add weight every workout after the deload. It will take five workouts to get back to that 100kg/220lb Squat. During those two weeks the weight will feel easy. Take your deload seriously though \u2013 lift the weight as if it was 100kg/220lb. When you get back to that weight, you\u2019ll get your fives this time.", "If you\u2019re confused about how to deload, just use my app. It automatically deloads the weight for you when you fail three workouts on an exercise. This saves you having to figure this out and maybe do it wrong. Let the app do the thinking and focus on lifting the weights instead.", "Deloads work by giving your body extra rest to get stronger for the next weight. There will be times on StrongLifts 5\u00d75 where the weight will stress your body more than it can handle. You\u2019ll fail because you won\u2019t be recovered in time for the next workout with heavier weight. Deloads fix that.", "Deloads also prevent mental plateaus. Instead of keep hitting against that brick wall, you stop trying after three failed workouts. Lower the weight instead and work your way up again. The weights will be easy for several workouts. This will build momentum and bring your motivation back.", "What deloads don\u2019t solve is failed reps caused by undertraining or bad recovery. Failed reps mean you\u2019re not strong enough for that weight yet. There are two reasons why this could happen\u2026", "Undertraining. You\u2019re not stressing your body enough to trigger it to get stronger. Example: you\u2019re skipping workouts or exercises. Your lifts can\u2019t increase if you barely do them. The stimulus has to be there for your body to gain strength and muscle.", "Overtraining. You stressed your body more than it can handle (by starting too heavy or adding too much weight). Or you\u2019re not recovering well between workouts \u2013 if you barely eat or sleep, your body can\u2019t recover from that stress. So it can\u2019t get stronger and lift more.", "Do your workouts and exercises consistently to trigger your body to get stronger. Take small weight jumps so your body can handle the stress. And get enough food and sleep so your body can recover from that stress. If you don\u2019t, the deload won\u2019t be effective \u2013 you\u2019ll keep failing.", "3\u00d75/3\u00d73/1\u00d73", "Switch to three sets of five reps (3\u00d75) when progress on 5\u00d75 stops. Switch to three sets of three reps (3\u00d73) when progress on 3\u00d75 stops. Switch to one heavy set of three reps followed by two lighter back-off sets (1\u00d73) when progress on 3\u00d73 stops. Don\u2019t do endless deloads so you can stick with 5\u00d75.", "5\u00d75 doesn\u2019t work forever. Nothing does. The stronger you get, the heavier the weights you can lift, and thus the bigger the stress of each 5\u00d75 workout. That stress eventually becomes too big for your body to recover from by the next workout. You don\u2019t get stronger in time so you fail reps.", "Deloads give you extra rest to break plateaus. But they don\u2019t decrease the bigger stress from lifting bigger weights. This is why no one can do 5\u00d75 forever. The heavier the weights you can lift, the more stress on your body, the more recovery needed. Your training must change to handle this.", "In this case, deload and switch to 3\u00d75. The last two sets on 5\u00d75 are the hardest ones. You\u2019re already tired from doing three sets. Doing two more sets of five is grueling once you\u2019re lifting heavy weights. That\u2019s when you drop those sets and do 3\u00d75 instead \u2013 three sets of five reps.", "By switching to 3\u00d75 you can increase the weight every workout again. You no longer have to repeat the weight or deload because you\u2019re not failing on the last two sets anymore. Your body recovers better with those two grueling sets gone. And your workout takes less time again.", "This is one way to know if it\u2019s time to switch from 5\u00d75 to 3\u00d75. If your workouts are taking two hours because you have to rest 10mins between sets to get 5\u00d75\u2026 you\u2019re probably overdoing it. Don\u2019t get stubborn about sticking with 5\u00d75. Switch to 3\u00d75 so you can continue to make progress.", "The workouts will be easier after you switch to 3\u00d75. It will feel like a long deload. But the weights will increase every workout. So you\u2019ll run into the same problem eventually. The stress from the now even heavier weights at 3\u00d75 will be too much for your body to handle again. You\u2019ll fail to get five reps.", "Deload and switch to 3\u00d73 \u2013 three sets of three reps. You can\u2019t get five reps on every set anyway so just do three. Then add weight every workout again. It will be easier since you stopped failing. Plus the exercise stress is lower so your body recovers better between workouts.", "Eventually you\u2019ll fail on 3\u00d73 too. Deload and switch to 1\u00d73 \u2013 one heavy set of three reps followed by two lighter back-off sets with 5% less weight. You\u2019ll be able to add weight every workout again until you get stuck. That is when it\u2019s time to switch to a different training program.", "Use my app \u2013 it will tell you when to switch to 3\u00d75/3\u00d73/1\u00d73. Basically, if you fail three workouts in a row at 5\u00d75, deload. Fail three workouts in a row again, deload + switch to 3\u00d75. Three fails in a row at 3\u00d75, deload + switch to 3\u00d73. Three fails in a row at 3\u00d73, deload + switch to 1\u00d73.", "3\u00d75/3\u00d73/1\u00d73 doesn\u2019t apply to Deadlift because it\u2019s only 1\u00d75. Plus most people get stuck on Squats before Deadlifts \u2013 so you\u2019re unlikely to need to change strategy here. On Barbell Rows switching to 3\u00d75 can make sense but 3\u00d73/1\u00d73 probably not as it\u2019s more assistance work.", "Madcow 5\u00d75", "Madcow 5\u00d75 is the training program after StrongLifts 5\u00d75. It uses the same exercises and principles like progressive overload. The difference is the weight increases every week not every workout. When you\u2019re no longer making progress on StrongLifts 5\u00d75, switch to Madcow 5\u00d75.", "People often ask if I do StrongLifts 5\u00d75. I did years ago but can\u2019t now. My lifts are too heavy for it. I\u2019ve Squatted 147.5kg for 5\u00d75. This is almost twice my body-weight. There\u2019s no way my body can recover in time to Squat 150kg for 5\u00d75 two days later\u2026 and then 152.5kg another two days. I\u2019d fail.", "I wish I could still add weight every workout. But I need a slower progression to get stronger. I need to add weight every week. This gives my body more time to recover from the heavier weights stressing it. It gives it a week to get stronger and build muscle to lift heavier next time.", "This the principle of diminishing returns. Most people can take their Squat from 0 to 100kg/220lb in three to four months. But taking it to 400lb usually takes one to two years. At first you have newbie gains. But the stronger you become, the slower gaining additional strength is.", "This also means that what takes your Squat from 0 to 100kg usually won\u2019t take it to 180kg. Nothing works forever, not even StrongLifts 5\u00d75. As your strength increases and body changes, the only way to keep progressing is to move to a different training program \u2013 in this case Madcow 5\u00d75.", "Switch when you\u2019re stuck on StrongLifts 5\u00d75. Deload and switch to 3\u00d75/3\u00d73/1\u00d73 first. Be consistent, use proper form, warm up properly and rest enough between sets. Get plenty of sleep and food. Once you reach a point where you\u2019re not lifting more than last month, it\u2019s time to switch.", "Some want to know the exact weight to reach first. Can\u2019t say. It depends on your weight, age, form, nutrition, sleep, etc. Many people get their Squat over 140kg/300lb before switching to Madcow 5\u00d75. You should be able to get your Squat over 100kg/220lb at the very least.", "Don\u2019t switch to make it easier. Adding weight every week is easier than every workout. But it becomes hard too. Besides, this is meant to be hard. You need to stress your body for it to get stronger. That\u2019s hard work. But if you stick with it you get used to it. Working hard gets easier.", "Don\u2019t switch because you read crap about changing programs every 12 weeks to confuse muscles. StrongLifts 5\u00d75 confuses your muscles by using a different weight each workout \u2013 a heavier one. Changing programs all the time only confuses you because you don\u2019t learn what works.", "Some people get bored doing the same five exercises. The fun should be in the journey of improving yourself. But if you need variety \u2013 do one or two assistance exercises at the end your workouts here and there. Get your variety that way instead of changing programs.", "The main reason to not switch to Madcow 5\u00d75 is because progress is slower. It\u2019s silly to add weight every week when you could do so every workout. Add weight on the bar every workout as long as you have the ability to do so. For most people that is until they can almost Squat 140kg/300lb.", "Many people never get to Madcow 5\u00d75. They do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 six months, usually from January to August. Then they quit for the winter. In January they start StrongLifts 5\u00d75 again to regain all the strength and muscle lost. Not what I\u2019d do but if you\u2019re happy, fine.", "You don\u2019t need to get sore to get results on StrongLifts 5\u00d75. Soreness aka DOMS may happen. Pump may happen too. But they don\u2019t mean you\u2019re gaining more strength and muscle from your workouts. The only thing that matters is that the weight on the bar increases over time.", "You\u2019ll get sore if you start too heavy. Squats can cause leg soreness that lasts up to a week. It doesn\u2019t matter if you run a lot or play soccer. Those aren\u2019t Squats. Muscles must get used to new exercises. The best way is to ease them in by starting light and slowly adding weight", "Don\u2019t skip your workouts if you\u2019re sore. This will only make the soreness last longer. It will be worst two days after your workout, and can last up to seven days. If you wait for the soreness to be over, you\u2019ll miss a week of training. Bad start. Plus it hurts every time you move meanwhile.", "Instead, stick to your training schedule and do your workouts. The warmup sets will hurt. But by the time your work weight is on the bar, you\u2019ll hardly feel the soreness anymore. And your muscles will feel better after your workout. Don\u2019t believe me \u2013 give it a try next time you\u2019re sore.", "The reason this works is because lifting again moves blood into your sore muscles. Blood contains nutrients that accelerate recovery. This gets rid of the soreness faster. So if your legs are sore, try to do light Squats with the empty bar the next day. They\u2019ll feel better afterwards.", "Any other activity that moves blood into your sore muscles will also help \u2013 a good massage, a hot bath, sauna, hammam, etc. Make sure you also eat properly and drink plenty of water so you get all the nutrients to help with muscle recovery. And get your eight hours of sleep in.", "If your legs continue to be sore, lower the weight and work your way back up. This will give them a break so they can adapt to the frequency. And quit doing anything else that stresses your legs until the soreness is gone \u2013 temporarily drop the cardio, running, sports, etc. Do less.", "I rarely get sore from lifting. If I get sore it\u2019s because I did a new exercise. If I don\u2019t lift for two weeks, resume, and try to lift what I did before the break, I\u2019ll get sore. But outside of that it\u2019s rare. You\u2019re not training to failure on StrongLifts 5\u00d75 so soreness should be minimal.", "Your body converts food to energy \u2013 calories. It burns these calories to lift the weights, and recover from your workouts. Most guys need at least 3000kcal/day to gain strength and build muscle on StrongLifts 5\u00d75. Skinny guys with fast metabolisms may need to eat even more.", "Here\u2019s why: building muscle is low on your body\u2019s priority list. If there\u2019s a shortage of food, your body will use it for critical tasks first. So you can\u2019t recover well on a caloric deficit. And if you can\u2019t recover well, you can\u2019t add weight next workout. You miss reps which means you can\u2019t progress.", "Eating maintenance calories is better but not ideal. You\u2019re not trying to maintain your situation on StrongLifts 5\u00d75 after all. You\u2019re trying to improve it by gaining strength and muscle. Eating over maintenance ensures there\u2019s no food shortage that hinders recovery between workouts.", "Good calorie calculators will suggest guys 16kcal/lb for maintenance. If you weigh 75kg/165lb that\u2019s 2640kcal. But again, you\u2019re not trying to maintain but improve. And adding weight every workout is hard work. It therefore makes sense to eat more. This brings us to 3000kcal/day.", "If that number scares you, remember forms follows function. Your body changes in response to the work you do. It gets skinny, fat, and weak from a sedentary lifestyle. And it gets strong, muscular, and fit from lifting heavy\u2026 BUT ONLY IF you give your body the food it needs to train hard and recover.", "I know you don\u2019t want to get fat. Unfortunately it\u2019s hard to build muscle without gaining any fat. You have to eat more to build muscle. But you need to eat less to lose fat. These goals contradict. If you try doing both, you\u2019ll either end up eating too little to build muscle, or too much to lose fat.", "This is why bodybuilders traditionally alternate muscle gaining and fat loss phases. They eat more food during the bulk, but less food during the cut. This is the simplest way to build muscle without gaining fat that actually works\u2026 if you\u2019re not obese, haven\u2019t trained before, and don\u2019t use drugs.", "Obese guys can indeed build muscle while losing fat when they start lifting. Their bodies use their fat reserves to build muscle. They build strength and muscle faster without needing as much food. And since muscle is denser than fat, they end up looking slimmer at the same body-weight.", "People who have lifted before can also build muscle while losing fat. Thanks to muscle memory you can regain lost muscle and strength faster after a long break. If I quit lifting and resume a year later, I\u2019d rebuild strength and muscle faster than it took the first time \u2013 while leaning out.", "And if you use drugs or have great genetics, then you can do things that naturals and mere mortals can\u2019t. But most people who try to build muscle while losing fat end up spinning their wheels. They don\u2019t progress because there\u2019s too much food to lose fat but not enough to build muscle.", "You can get away with eating a caloric deficit the first weeks of StrongLifts 5\u00d75. If you start light, the weights will increase and you\u2019ll gain some muscle. But the heavier the weights get, the bigger the stress, and the bigger the recover need. You\u2019ll need to eat more to keep progressing.", "You won\u2019t like eating more if you\u2019re an ex-fatty who worked hard to lose fat. You\u2019ll be afraid to gain it back. Same if you have six pack abs \u2013 you\u2019ll be afraid to lose it if your body-fat increases from eating more. Unfortunately you can\u2019t have it all at the same time. You have to choose.", "Choose muscle. You can easily lose 1lb of fat a week later. But you can\u2019t gain more than 2lb of lean muscle a month. And you need to lift heavy to gain that much muscle. This requires eating a lot food. Besides, a low body-fat is useless if you don\u2019t build muscle mass first \u2013 you just end up skinny.", "Dedicate the next year to building strength and muscle. Your body-fat will decrease if you started out obese. If you started skinny with single digit body-fat, it will increase to lower double digits. But you can easily decrease it in one year after you\u2019ve added 24lb of lean muscle and Squat 300lb.", "You might actually not even need to decrease your body-fat later. I don\u2019t have single digit body-fat levels. Neither do most athletes. Yet my abs are visible. Bigger muscles stick out further. They can push through the fat under your skin. So they can show despite a higher body-fat percentage.", "Eat quality, nutrient-dense food. You need the vitamins and minerals to help recovery. The occasional junk meal is fine. But you should eat mostly quality food. Don\u2019t eat junk food all the time \u2013 it builds bad habits that will make you fat if you quit lifting. And it\u2019s bad for your health.", "You\u2019ll need to eat three to four meals a day to get your calories. For most people working 9 to 5 and training around 6, that will be breakfast, lunch, dinner and an extra pre-workout meal. Dinner is your post-workout meal. If you train in the morning, eat first so you can train harder.", "Every meal should have vegetables. A lot of vegetables. Think half a plate. The rest should be a good source of protein with carbs and good fats. Example is chicken with broccoli, tomato, avocado and a big potato. Eat a fruit for desert and you\u2019ve hit all your macro and micronutrients to gain.", "Protein is the main muscle building nutrient. Your body uses protein to build new muscle. It also uses protein to repair damaged muscle tissue after your workouts. You need about 0.82g of protein per pound of body-weight (1.8g/kg). That\u2019s about 126g of protein if you\u2019re 70kg/154lb.", "If you\u2019re obese, your daily protein requirement may look too high with that formula. Use your lean body mass instead (without the fat). If you have a normal weight there will be little difference between your body-weight and lean body mass. Just use 0.82g/lb in that case.", "Protein shakes can be tempting. They take less time to prepare, and are cheap. But they don\u2019t keep you full long. And real food contains tons of micro-nutrients on top of just the protein. You need the minerals and vitamins to help recovery, as well as fiber to improve digestion.", "Most of your protein should therefore come from real food. If you eat like an omnivore this is easy. Eat some meat, chicken, fish or eggs with every meal. A 250g/8oz steak for lunch will provide you with 50g of protein, which is almost a third of your daily required intake.", "Your body uses water to cool you down through sweat during workouts. It also uses water for muscle recovery from your workouts. About 70% of your body is water. Your body uses it for every process. Not drinking water is therefore like not putting oil in your car \u2013 it can\u2019t function effectively.", "Dehydration causes strength loss, joint pain, stiff muscles, tiredness and constipation. Headaches are a common symptom. Think of hangovers the day after drinking alcohol \u2013 it dehydrates. Many people get headaches because they\u2019re dehydrated. Drinking more water often fixes that.", "The usual advice is to drink 8x8oz or 3 liters of water a day. But this is aimed at the average sedentary joe. You lift weights and sweat. You need to drink more to replace the water lost during workouts. And the warmer the season or place where you lift, the more water you need to drink.", "Remember you don\u2019t just want to avoid dehydration. You want to optimize for maximum strength and muscle gains. Your body has more critical uses for water than your muscles. An abundant intake of water ensures that you recover well between workouts and function effectively.", "Waiting until you\u2019re thirsty is usually too late. Better is to pay attention to the color of your urine. It should be clear through the day (unless you take vitamin B). You\u2019ll pee more at first but your bladder will adapt to drinking more. Plus going to the toilet will stop you from sitting for hours non-stop.", "I start my days by drinking two glasses of water. I always take a bottle of water with me to the gym, and sip on it during my workout. When it\u2019s hot, it\u2019s usually empty by the end of the workout. I drink at least four liters of water a day \u2013 that\u2019s on top of the water I get from tea, fruits, vegetables, etc", "You may have a hard time with the taste of water, because you\u2019re used to soda. Stick with it to get used to it. You can add pieces of lemon to give the water taste if you want.", "Your body releases muscle building hormones like testosterone and growth hormone when you sleep. They help you recover from your workouts. Sleep eight hours a night to maximize recovery.", "Many people only sleep six hours a night. But this makes it harder to train hard. You feel more tired and less motivated. The weight feels heavier and more challenging. Getting through your workouts takes more out of you. You fail reps more which slows or stops your progress.", "Lack of sleep also hurts your recovery. You go through five stages when you sleep. Each cycle lasts about 90 minutes. Your body releases growth hormone during stage three and four. You get less cycles if you sleep six hours than eight. More cycles is more hormones is more recovery.", "Lack of sleep weakens your immune system. You\u2019re more likely to get sick and skip workouts. It also causes hunger and sugar cravings that make you fat. And people who sleep less are more likely to be obese \u2013 one simple reason is less time sleeping is more time you can spend eating.", "You can get away with sleeping less than eight hours some nights. I\u2019ve hit PRs on five hours of sleep. But the more nights you don\u2019t get enough sleep, the bigger the negative effects. Eventually you have to repay your sleep debt by sleeping an hour extra for every hour you didn\u2019t sleep.", "Keeping a sleep diary helps. I use the iPhone health app and bedtime alarm. Set your wake and bedtime so you have your eight hours of sleep. Your phone will notify you when it\u2019s time to sleep. Then track your average sleeping time in the health app. I\u2019m getting close to eight hours.", "Some other tips to help you improve your sleep so you recover better from your workouts\u2026", "Dark Bedroom. Your brain has a built-in clock that regulates your sleep. It\u2019s influenced by light. Get black-out curtains or a good eye-mask to tell your brain it\u2019s time to sleep.", "Stop Blue Light. TV, computers and phones emit blue light that keeps you awake. Don\u2019t use them in your bedroom. Enable nightshfit on iPhone and f.lux on your computer.", "Quiet Bedroom. Noise in the middle of the night disrupts your sleep and wakes you up. Shut your ears by wearing ear plugs. You can also use a fan or white noise generator.", "Cool Temperature. Your body\u2019s temperature drops when you sleep. Get your room to 18C/60F to help this. Turn off the heather and use blankets if needed instead.", "Good Mattress. Invest in quality \u2013 you\u2019re using it every day for hours. Mattresses usually wear out and sag after ten years. Renew them so you don\u2019t wake up with lower back pain.", "Good Pillow. Same idea \u2013 invest in quality stuff since you\u2019re using it every day. Get a good one that supports your neck so you don\u2019t get neck pain when you wake up.", "Avoid Coffee and Alcohol. Caffeine is a stimulant that keeps you awake. Avoid coffee, tea and chocolate before bedtime. Avoid alcohol too as it helps falling asleep but hurts sleep quality.", "Don\u2019t Drink Late. If you drink too much water before going to bed, you\u2019ll have to wake up to pee. Stop drinking two hours before you go to bed.", "Consistent Sleep. Avoid staying up late on weekends and then waking up early on weekdays. The is like getting a jetlag every Monday. Wake up at the same time each day.", "No Big Meals. It takes about three hours to digest food. Don\u2019t eat big meals before bedtime or you\u2019ll struggle to fall a sleep. Move dinner time earlier and eat light before bed.", "If you can take a nap before doing your workouts, do it. Especially if you had little sleep the night before, you\u2019ll feel more energized after the nap. But don\u2019t nap after 5pm or for longer than 30mins. Otherwise you\u2019ll struggle to fall a sleep at night, and get tired again for the next day.", "And relax. Psychological stress adds on top of the physical stress you get from lifting weights. Being anxious about the weights you\u2019re going to lift today ends up making that workout harder. Take several deep breaths before you do your set to calm yourself down.", "Assistance Work", "Assistance exercises target small muscles which grow more slowly like your arms, abs and calves. Some people like to add accessory work for these muscles on StrongLifts 5\u00d75.", "Assistance work isn\u2019t necessary. StrongLifts 5\u00d75 works every muscle by using compound exercises. Your arm muscles work to pull the weight on rows and push it on presses. They hold the bar on every exercise. Meanwhile your abs support your spine. And your calves stabilize you.", "You therefore don\u2019t need to add exercises to work these muscles directly. The 80/20 rule dictates that 80% of your results will come from Squats, Bench, Deadlifts, OHPress and Rows. These lifts work a lot of muscles with heavy weights. They therefore trigger overall muscle growth.", "But most people don\u2019t lift heavy. They try to make up for a lack of intensity with quantity. Thing is, the only way you can do 5-7 assistance exercises after the main ones is if you lift light. If you lifted heavy you\u2019d be too tired to do more than 1-2 extra exercises max.", "Besides, the more assistance exercises you do, the longer your workout takes. This makes it tempting to take shorter rest times between sets. But that makes it harder to lift heavy as already discussed. It ends up hurting your progress on the main exercises that trigger most growth.", "If you insist on adding assistance work, then at least wait until you\u2019ve done StrongLifts 5\u00d75 for eight weeks. Focus on increasing your strength on the main exercises. Chances are that you won\u2019t even want to do assistance work after that. Because you\u2019ll be happy with the muscle gains.", "Where\u2019s the arm work on StrongLifts 5\u00d75? It\u2019s everywhere if you can think past the absence of biceps curls and skullcrushers. Consider this\u2026", "Biceps. You pull the weight to you on Barbell Rows. Your arms bend like when doing curls. But your biceps lift heavier weights because they get help from your back muscles.", "Triceps. You push the bar away on Bench/OHPress. Your arms straighten like on skullcrushers. But your triceps lift heavier weights by getting help from your shoulders and chest muscles.", "Forearms. Your hands hold the bar on every exercise. Your forearms grip the bar hard so you don\u2019t lose it on Deadlifts. This works your forearm muscles with the heaviest weights.", "Your arm muscles also contract isometrically during Squats and Deadlifts. This is similar to how your lower back muscles contract during these lifts to keep your spine neutral. Your arms and back don\u2019t move but contract to keep the position. This makes them stronger and more muscular.", "That\u2019s why the guy who can bench 100kg/220lb five times has bigger ams than the one who can only bench 40kg/95lb. His muscles had to become stronger and bigger to lift the heavier weights. And since his arms hold and press the bar, they had to get stronger and bigger too.", "Now I\u2019m sure you can find someone who\u2019s strong but has skinny arms. You can also find guys with man boobs and girls who are flat-chested. But most women have bigger boobs than men. And most strong people have bigger muscles than weak people. You\u2019re unlikely to be the exception.", "Even if direct arm work was better, curling 100lb works your biceps muscles harder than 50lb. So if you strengthen your arms by doing heavy compound exercises, you\u2019ll be able to do those curls with heavier weights later. That allows you to work your biceps harder than before.", "The best assistance exercise for your biceps is the Chinup. It works them more than Rows because you grip the bar with your palms facing up. Your elbows start straight and bend like on biceps curls. But you also bend at the shoulder to pull your arm down \u2013 this engages your back.", "Chinups work more muscles than curls. That\u2019s why you can lift heavier weight on Chinups. Every rep forces you to lift your own body-weight. This is easily double what you\u2019d lift on a biceps curl. Chinups trigger more arm growth because they uses more muscle with more weight.", "Dips are the best assistance exercise for your triceps. Your arms straighten to lift the weight, like on skullcrushers. But you can engage your chest muscles. More muscles working is more weight you can lift. Dips trigger your triceps muscle to grow more than skullcrushers do.", "If you want extra arm work, add Dips to workout A and Chinups to workout B. Three sets is enough since the main exercises already work your arms. Your program will look like this\u2026", "StrongLifts 5x5 with Arm Work", "Dips 3x10 Chinups 3x10 Dips 3x10", "If you can\u2019t do a single Chinup or Dip, do three sets of as many reps as you can (don\u2019t use machines). Once you can do 10 reps, switch to 3\u00d75 and add 1kg/2lb each workout. My app will show you how to progress when you upgrade to StrongLifts Pro. Use it to save yourself having to think about all this.", "Give your body time to get used to the extra arm work before adding more. This way you can also see the impact adding Chinups and Dips has on your arm development. A good strength goal to aim for on Chinups and Dips is five reps with a big plate 20kg/45lb hanging from your waist.", "After that you can add direct arm work if needed. The best isolation exercises for your biceps and triceps are Barbell Curls and Skullcrushers. Barbell Curl with the same Olympic bar you use for the Squat and Deadlift. You can use the EZ bar for Skullcrushers but not for curls.", "Two sets is enough with all the work your arms already get. Eight reps is fine to get that pump you might be looking for (plus you\u2019ll get 16 reps total, close to the 15 on chinups/dips). It will also stop you from lifting too heavy \u2013 these are small muscles, and they\u2019re getting at ton of work already.", "Progress will be hard since these are isolation exercises and you\u2019re doing high reps. Just focus on doing the exercise correctly, with proper form, moving your muscles over the full range of motion. Straight arms at the bottom of curls, touch your nose with the bar at the top. Feel the muscle.", "StrongLifts 5x5 with More Arm Work", "Weighted Dips 3x5 Weighted Chinups 3x5 Weighted Dips 3x5", "Skullcrushers 2x8 Barbell Curls 2x8 Skullcrushers 2x8", "That\u2019s five exercises per workout now which increases your gym time. DO NOT train your arms on rest days! They need to recover from your last workout so you can press and pull heavier next workout. If you tire them further on your rest days, they can\u2019t recover and you\u2019ll fail reps next workout.", "The only rest day you could dedicate to arm work is Saturday if you train Mo/We/Fr. This gives your arms Sunday to recover and get stronger for your workout on Monday. Chinups and Dips first because they\u2019re compound exercises \u2013 you need to go heavy. Isolation at the end.", "StrongLifts 5x5 with Extra Arm Day", "Monday - workout A Wednesday - workout B Friday - workout A Saturday - workout C", "Squat 5x5 Squat 5x5 Squat 5x5 Chinups 3x5", "Bench Press 5x5 Overhead Press 5x5 Bench Press 5x5 Dips 3x5", "Barbell Row 5x5 Deadlift 1x5 Barbell Row 5x5 Barbell Curls 2x8", "Skullcrushers 2x8", "Don\u2019t be surprised if your legs turn bigger than your arms on StrongLifts 5\u00d75. They\u2019re supposed to. Your legs are large muscles. They\u2019ll grow faster and turn bigger than your arms. Don\u2019t get confused by the captain upper-bodies in your gym with big arms but skinny legs. They\u2019re the abnormal ones.", "Arm work is by itself not enough to get 45cm/18\u2033 arms. Let\u2019s say you\u2019re 60kg/135lb at 1m85/6\u20192\u2033 \u2013 where\u2019s the meat to increase the girth of your arm? Unless you\u2019re over-weight, you\u2019re going to have to eat up. Most people need to gain 5 to 7kg/10-15lb to gain an inch on their arms.", "The main function of your abdominal muscles is to support your spine. They contract to keep your spine neutral when you stand, move, Squat, Deadlift, etc. The heavier the weight you lift, the harder your abs must work to keep your spine neutral. This triggers your ab muscles to grow.", "Your abs may not be visible if a layer of fat covers them. Most guys need to lower their body-fat to 10% before they can see their abs. Endless situps and crunches does not burn fat locally. You have to lower your overall body-fat to see your abs. You do this mostly by improving your nutrition.", "But a low body-fat is useless if you don\u2019t have abs to show for in the first place. You have to build your ab muscles first. Better, lifting heavy can make your abs so strong and muscular, that they stick out more. They can then be visible even though you have more than 10% body-fat, like in my case.", "Keep in mind that there is no such thing as lower abs. Your lower and upper abs contract as a whole. If your lower abs are bulging out, it\u2019s either just fat or you have bad posture \u2013 standing with excess arch aka hyper-lordosis, usually from sitting too much. Learn to stand properly.", "Extra ab exercises aren\u2019t necessary on StrongLifts 5\u00d75. But if you want to add some, do hanging knee raises and prone bridges. Add one to each workout. Two sets of eight on the former. Sets of 30-60sec for the latter. Upgrade to StrongLifts Pro in my app and it will show you how to progress.", "Squats and Deadlifts work your calves \u2013 the muscles contract to straighten your ankles when you lift the weight. The range of motion is limited though compared to doing standing or seated calf raises. So it can make sense to add these exercises to give your calf muscles extra work.", "But it can be a waste of time if you have high calf muscle insertions. My calves muscles hang high in the top third of my lower leg. The bottom two thirds is all tendons and bones. The muscle bellies are strong and muscular. But nothing can make them hang lower. This creates a skinny look.", "If you choose to add assistance exercises for your calves to StrongLifts 5\u00d75, go hard and heavy. Your calves are used to a lot of stress from walking every day. You\u2019ll have to stress them harder than other muscles to trigger growth. Make sure you go heavy with the weights.", "And be realistic. If you have high calves like me, the muscles are unlikely to ever stick out from every direction like some guys. Heck, I\u2019ve dated a skinny girl who weighed only 45kg but had bigger calves than me despite not training. Like they say, if you want big calves, choose better parents.", "Best thing in that case is to get over it. If anyone sees you in shorts and makes fun of your calves, pull your shorts up and squeeze those big quad muscles you\u2019ve built with Squats. It will shut them up.", "Cardio helps fat loss by increasing the amount of calories you burn. Your body burns calories to fuel your cardio. But it also burns more calories for up to 48 hours after your cardio if you do HIIT. If the total calories you burn is higher than the calories you eat, you lose fat.", "But lifting weights is always more important than cardio. Many people try to lose fat by doing cardio only. They usually lose a ton of muscle and end up skinny-fat. Lifting weights prevents muscle loss and builds muscle. It makes you look better. It therefore has priority over cardio.", "Nutrition is also more important than cardio. Most people can\u2019t out-train a bad diet. One Big Mac has 540kcal while 30min cardio only burns 300kcal. Unless you can train for hours like an athlete, you can\u2019t burn enough calories to lose fat. You have to improve your nutrition as well.", "In fact, you don\u2019t need cardio to lose fat. You can create a caloric deficit by eating less while lifting weights. Cardio just allows you to eat maintenance calories while creating a deficit. Or it can create a bigger deficit to speed up fat loss. But you can get lean without doing any cardio. I don\u2019t do it.", "Some people insist on doing cardio anyway, so here are your options\u2026", "HIIT. High Intensity Interval Training. Alternate intense exercise with easy rest periods. Heart rate goes over 85% during intense bouts. Metabolism increases for up to 48 hours after HIIT. But it\u2019s hard to do it more than 20mins. Example of HIIT: interval sprints.", "LISS. Low Intensity Stead State cardio. Heart rate stays constant, between 60-85% max. You can do LISS longer because of the lower intensity. But your metabolism doesn\u2019t increase much afterwards. Example of LISS is riding the stationary bike for 45mins.", "Low Intensity. Anything where your heart rate stays below 65% of its max \u2013 like walking. It can be relaxing but it burns less calories due to the lower intensity. You can make up for that by walking longer but most people don\u2019t have the time for it. And there\u2019s no afterburn.", "LISS burns more calories. The intensity is higher than when walking. But it\u2019s lower than on HIIT so you can do it longer. The issue is that 45mins of LISS after lifting is hard \u2013 you\u2019re tired. And you can\u2019t do it on your off days because that\u2019s for recovery. So you probably won\u2019t do more than 30mins.", "HIIT is therefore better. It\u2019s hard to do it more than 20mins. But you burn more calories through EPOC aka the afterburn \u2013 your metabolism is higher for up to 48 hours after the cardio. Add a 5min warmup and 5min cool down and you have 30mins total, burning just as much as with 30mins LISS.", "The only problem with HIIT cardio is that it\u2019s hard. You have to push yourself to get the most out of it. This also makes HIIT cardio harder to recover from. If you try to do this every day, it will hinder your recovery. You won\u2019t make good progress on StrongLifts 5\u00d75 \u2013 you\u2019ll miss reps and plateau.", "Do the minimum amount of cardio you need to get results first. This way when you get stuck (and you will, everyone does), you can add more cardio to get unstuck. If you do 6x cardio per week from day one, you can\u2019t do more later when you get stuck. More isn\u2019t better \u2013 less is more.", "Only competitive bodybuilders trying to get to low single digit body-fat level need cardio six times a week. Most people don\u2019t. And if you do it anyway, you\u2019ll add so much extra stress on top of the lifting that it will hinder your recovery. Best case you plateau, worst case you get an overuse injury.", "Best is to start with two HIIT cardio sessions a week first. Monday because you\u2019re fresh from the two days off. Friday because you\u2019re about to get two days off. After a few weeks you can add cardio on Wednesday too if needed. This gives you four rest days a week to recover.", "StrongLifts 5x5 - HIIT Cardio Post Workout", "HIIT Cardio HIIT Cardio", "Don\u2019t do cardio pre-workout. It will pre-exhaust your legs for Squats and limit how heavy you can go. Lifting weight is more important than cardio as already explained. Do your cardio at the end. Yes this is hard. Suck it up or don\u2019t do it. But don\u2019t give cardio priority over lifting.", "Cardio on your rest days is a terrible idea. When does your body recover for your next workout if you train five days in a row? Never. If you\u2019re not fully recovered between workouts, then you can\u2019t get stronger and lift more weight next time. If you can\u2019t lift more, then the program can\u2019t work.", "The only exception is Saturday. If you train Monday/Wednesday/Friday, then HIIT cardio on Saturday works. You have Sunday to recover before the next workout on Monday. You can add the second HIIT cardio session on Wednesday so they\u2019re spread apart. Like this\u2026", "StrongLifts 5x5 - Cardio Day", "Monday - workout A Wednesday - workout B Friday - workout A Saturday", "Squat 5x5 Squat 5x5 Squat 5x5 HIIT Cardio", "The simplest way to do HIIT cardio is on the stationary bike. Warmup five minutes at a low intensity. Then pedal as fast as you can for 30 seconds. Go back to an easy pace for 90seconds. Repeat for five rounds and cool down with 5min at a low intensity. This will take you about 20mins.", "The key is to push hard during the intensity bout. Increase the resistance so you can pedal fast and hard. You should be out of breath within ten seconds. Give it everything you have otherwise you won\u2019t get most out of this. This should be hard \u2013 you shouldn\u2019t want to do this more than 20mins.", "I don\u2019t do much cardio but when I do I like to swing the kettlebell. 200 reps in 10mins. Do sets of 20 reps and take as much rest as you need to make it. Start with 16kg if you\u2019re a guy and work up to 24kg. Use good form by engaging your hips. Be warned this will get you sore the first time.", "Lifting weights is good for your heart. It decreases your heart rate and blood pressure. My resting heart rate has been around 50 for years despite never running and barely doing cardio. Doctors are usually surprised by this as the main thing I do is lifting heavy weights several times a week.", "StrongLifts 5\u00d75 is not the typical routine where you do isolation exercises like curls with light weights. The people who do such routines need to add cardio. We do compound exercises that work our whole body. We increase the weight progressively. And we reach high training intensities.", "We\u2019re actually doing cardio if you think about it. You\u2019re Squatting heavy for a set of five reps \u2013 it takes about 20 seconds. Your heart rate increases and you get out of breath. After resting three minutes, you do your next set. This like high intensity interval cardio \u2013 it trains your heart and lungs.", "Everything under the bar gets stronger when you Squat heavy \u2013 muscles, joints, bones. Your heart is a muscle. It gets stronger like every other muscle. It has to so it can pump blood to your muscles and the rest of your body when you lift heavy weights. This strengthens your heart muscle.", "It works like this: your muscles contract when you lift weights. They compress your blood vessels which increases your blood pressure. Your heart must pump harder against this resistance to deliver blood. This strengthens it \u2013 your left ventricle increases in strength and muscle size.", "Your blood pressure comes back to normal after your set is done. But it also decreases over time. Lifting heavy weights strengthens your muscles. Stronger muscles are more efficient \u2013 it takes more effort to tire them. Stronger muscles therefore also put less demand on your heart.", "As an example, think of walking up stairs. Each step is like a single leg Squat. Double your Squat and your legs get twice as strong. Each step now takes your legs half the effort. So they puts less demand on your heart. Stronger muscles basically makes your heart more efficient.", "The point is that your cardiovascular fitness will improve if you do StrongLifts 5\u00d75, and work to that 300lb/140kg Squat. It will become above average level, and things like walking up stairs or even short runs will become easier. There\u2019s no need to do extra cardio to make your heart healthy.", "Stronger muscles last longer. It takes longer before they get tired because every movement takes less effort than before. So the stronger your muscles, the longer you last and thus the further you can go. Increasing your strength with StrongLifts 5\u00d75 increases your muscular endurance.", "Think about it \u2013 marathon runners rarely have to quit running because they got out of breath. They quit running because their legs are tired. Today\u2019s athletes and teams understand getting stronger makes you last longer. That\u2019s why they all have STRENGTH and conditioning coaches.", "Now of course, if you want to be good at long distance running or cycling, you have to run/cycle long distances. Just like you have to Squat to become good at Squatting, you have to run to be good at running \u2013 at the minimum to improve the skill of running. To get more efficient at it.", "The challenge is that it\u2019s hard to get good at both. Strength training makes weak endurance runners better at long distance running. But long distance running doesn\u2019t make weak lifters stronger at lifting. Instead it hurts strength gains by making you less explosive and hindering recovery.", "Strength and endurance are at opposite ends of the spectrum. There are freaks who manage to get good at both. But most people can\u2019t become an elite powerlifter and elite long-distance runner at the same time. What you need for strength is different than what you need for endurance.", "Long runs will tire your legs for Squats. Hard 5\u00d75 Squats will tire your legs for running. You need to make a choice and decide which one you\u2019ll give priority for the next year. Otherwise you\u2019ll spin your wheels and get good at neither. Worst case you get an overuse injury from doing too much.", "If you\u2019re weak, choose strength. You can get fit faster than you can gain strength. People who are already strong can get fit in a matter of weeks. But weak long distance runners who never lifted weights need months to increase their Squat to 14okg/300lb. So prioritize lifting.", "You can do one long run on Saturday if you train Monday/Wednesday/Friday. This gives your legs a day off before the Squats on Monday. Then maybe add a HIIT session on Wednesday. But watch out with doing too much. Your body needs to recover from all that stress in order to progress.", "You don\u2019t need bulky machines to do StrongLifts 5\u00d75. You also don\u2019t need much equipment. All you need is a barbell, bench, plates and Power Rack. That means you can do the full program at home in your garage, basement or backyard if you have the space. It costs about $1000.", "I bought a home gym in 2004. I put it in my parent\u2019s garage since I\u2019ve always lived in apartments. I lifted for 12 years in my home gym, mostly alone. Here are the benefits I found\u2026", "Freedom. Some gyms don\u2019t have Power Racks, and forbid Deadlifts/chalk. And you depend on the opening hours. With a home gym you\u2019re free to lift any way you want, with the music you want. You can train late at night after a long day, in the early morning or on holidays.", "Save Time. You never have to wait for the Power Rack or showers to be free. You don\u2019t waste time travelling to the gym and back. You don\u2019t need to pack your gym bag and all that. You just walk to your garage or basement \u2013 your equipment is there waiting for you.", "Save Money. You don\u2019t waste money on gym fees (I saved well over $5000 in gym fees over 10 years). You also don\u2019t waste money on fuel to drive to the gym and back.", "Save Ego. You\u2019re not concerned about others. You don\u2019t lift heavier than you should to impress people. You\u2019re lifting for yourself without getting distracted.", "Best Equipment. Athletes train with the best equipment. Yet gyms often have cheap and bad bars. Most people don\u2019t know the difference and they misuse the bars anyway by dropping weight. With a home gym you can buy the very best equipment on the market.", "The main drawback of having a home gym is that you need space. You need a garage, basement or backyard shed big enough to put everything in. Ceiling must be high enough for your rack to fit and to Overhead Press inside. The place must be at least 3m wide so you can put plates on your bar.", "This is why I sold my home gym in 2016. My parents moved to a new house which has no big garage. I live a simple life and travel a lot. I don\u2019t want a big house just to have a private gym. And gyms are better today than 10 years ago. So since 2016 I train in gyms again. Home gym drawbacks\u2026", "Space. You need about about 10m\u00b2/110 sq ft to put all your equipment. Your ceiling needs to be high enough for your Power Rack to fit. It also needs to be high enough to Overhead Press (otherwise you have to press outside or do it seated on a bench).", "Cost. You save money on gym fees in the long run. But there\u2019s a bigger investment of about $1000 upfront. And there\u2019s also the real estate cost of the extra 10m\u00b2/110 sq ft to own your private home gym (which you only use three times a week for four hour max\u2026)", "Noise. The neighbours will not be happy from the noise you make when doing heavy Deadlifts and Rows. You may have to build a solid platform with big rubber mats. It may not be enough so you might have to talk to your neighbours or train at specific hours.", "Lonely. There\u2019s no-one to help you when you fail. So you need to set the safety pins of your Power Rack at the proper height on each set. There\u2019s also no-one to motivate you when you have a bad day or keep you accountable. Discipline is more important.", "Distractions. You no longer get distracted by other people in your gym. But the people you live with may now distract you by coming to talk to you while you train, or asking you to help with something. You\u2019ll have to teach them this one hour of gym time is your private time.", "The home gym years were great though. I trained with better equipment than I could have ever found in gyms close by. I saved a ton of time too. And I saved a lot of money. The resale value is great if you buy quality equipment. And it lasts a lifetime \u2013 my brother still has my barbell.", "If you have the space, do it. Your garage, basement or backyard shed will do fine if the floor is solid concrete. Some people have even turned a room in their apartments into home gyms. If the place is too small for a Power Rack, consider a small Squat Rack or Squat Stands with saw horses.", "And buy quality. You don\u2019t want there to be any fear during your heavy lifts that your equipment might not be secure. Buy the best equipment you can get. This way you also don\u2019t have to buy equipment again later. Quality equipment lasts a lifetime and the resale value is great as I said.", "The Power Rack has four vertical supports. It has two to four J-hooks to set the bar in position for the Squat, Bench Press and Overhead Press. It also has two lateral, horizontal safety pins to catch the bar if you fail. You need a Power Rack to lift heavy and safely on StrongLifts 5\u00d75.", "You can\u2019t Squat heavy without Power Rack. You need one to get the bar on your back. You could pull the weight from the floor on your shoulders. But that wastes strength and is a Front Squat. With the Power Rack you can unrack the bar from the J-hooks on your upper-back.", "You also need the Power Rack so you don\u2019t get stuck under the bar. If you fail on the Squat or Bench mid-set, the horizontal safety pins will catch the bar. This increases safety but also confidence \u2013 you know you\u2019re safe if you fail. So you can go all-out, get more reps and make better progress.", "I lifted weights for 12 years in my home gym. I was usually alone, without spotter. I failed reps many times with heavy weights. But I never got stuck under the bar because I Squatted and Benched in the Power Rack. The safety pins always caught the bar when I failed. Here\u2019s an example\u2026", "Even if you have a spotter, best is to Squat and Bench in the Power Rack anyway. He might not pay attention or react fast enough when you fail. The Power Rack is more reliable \u2013 it catches the bar every single time, whatever happens. All it takes is setting the safety pins at the proper height.", "You don\u2019t need the Power Rack for the Deadlift and Barbell Row. Each rep starts on the floor and you can\u2019t get stuck under the bar. If you fail, you can return the weight to the floor. Unless you have limited space, it makes no sense to Deadlift and Row in the Power Rack. Just do it outside.", "You don\u2019t need the Power Rack for safety on the Overhead Press either. If you fail you return the bar to your chest. But the Power Rack helps you getting the bar on your shoulders for each set. It saves you having to clean it from the floor since you can take it from the J-hooks.", "Most Power Racks come with a pullup bar. You can use it to add chinups as assistance exercise for extra arm work\u2026 or for hanging knee raises for ab work. You can usually also get dip bars for your Power Rack so you can add Dips as assistance work for your triceps if needed.", "Your Power Rack must handle 350kg/700lb so it doesn\u2019t buckle during heavy Squats. The safety pins must be adjustable so you can set them at the proper height to catch failed reps. And it should have outside J-hooks to take the bar out for OHPress (unless the rack is tall enough to press inside).", "Here are some Power Racks I recommend\u2026", "Rep Fitness. 700lb capacity, pullup bar, and adjustable safety pins with outside J-hooks. No dip bars though so you\u2019ll need to buy that separately. I\u2019d probably get this Power Rack.", "Titan T2. 700lb capacity, pullup bar, adjustable safety pins and dip bars. Cheaper than Rep Fitness. Comes with dip bars but no outside j-hooks. Great reviews.", "PowerLine PPR200X. 600lb capacity, pullup bar and safety pins with J-hooks. No dip bars.", "Body-solid Pro. 1000lb capacity, pullup bar and adjustable safety pins. Similar to what I had.", "You can build your own Power Rack if you\u2019re into DIY. Many people have done it from scaffold or even wood. It takes half a day\u2019s work plus 100$ material to save 300$. If you earn more than that per hour, it\u2019s smarter to buy than build. But your milage may vary. You can find plans on the Internet.", "If your gym has no Power Rack, go to another gym or build a home gym. StrongLifts 5\u00d75 doesn\u2019t work without Power Rack. You can\u2019t lift safely without one. If you can\u2019t lift safely, you can\u2019t lift heavy. If you can\u2019t lift heavy, you can\u2019t get stronger. You can\u2019t get stronger, can\u2019t gain muscle.", "I understand switching gyms can be inconvenient. The gym can be further away and cost more. But this is what I would do. I\u2019ve lived in different countries and cities. I also travel a lot. Never do I end in gyms where I can\u2019t lift heavy, safely. I only train in real gyms because this is important to me.", "For example \u2013 I go to Hong Kong quite a lot. The best gym there is Pure Fitness. They have Power Racks, Eleiko bars, platforms, chalk. Heaven. But it\u2019s about $300/month and almost $50 per drop in. I\u2019m frugal and hate paying that much. But I\u2019ve done it many times so I can train properly.", "Do you want to get real results? Is this really important to you? Or are you fine wasting time and effort on a BS routine in a fake gym with shit equipment? It\u2019s not hard to get results with StrongLifts 5\u00d75. But you need the right equipment. If you really want this, you\u2019ll do what it takes.", "If you\u2019re stuck with a one year membership, try to get out of it. Get it cancelled or resell it. If nothing works then accept your loss and move on. Your time is more valuable. You can earn the money back later but you can\u2019t get your time back. Cut your loss and go train in a real gym.", "Squat Racks are open Power Racks. They also have J-hooks to get the bar on your back for Squats. But they\u2019re usually shorter and have no pullup bar. Some Squat Racks have safety pins, some not (which makes them unsafe). I used one the first five years of my training career.", "Squat Racks with safety pins are usually not adjustable. The pins are fixed. If they\u2019re too low for your build, you\u2019ll need to Squat deep to reach the pins. This will stretch your hips hard and can cause your lower back to round. You can fix that by raising your feet (stand on plywood).", "If the safety pins are too high for your build, you\u2019ll hit them on the way down. This will throw you off balance and mess with the next rep. Cutting your depth short is not an option because you have to break parallel. The only solution is to Squat outside the rack without safety.", "This means you\u2019ll need to ask for a spot on your heavy Squat sets. If he knows what he\u2019s doing, he can stand behind you and grab you by your sides to help you lift the weight when you can\u2019t. Two spotters on each side of the bar is even better \u2013 but they have to know what they\u2019re doing.", "Squat Racks usually can\u2019t be used for the Bench Press because the safety pins are too high. So you\u2019ll have to use the regular bench and ask a spotter for help when the weights get heavy. You can use the Squat Rack for the Overhead Press though to get the bar on your shoulders.", "Power Racks are better than Squat Racks because of the adjustable safety pins. But if your gym only has a Squat Rack then use it to get the bar on your back (and ask for a spotter). If you have limited space in your home gym, this looks like a great Squat Rack\u2026", "Rep Squat Rack. 1000lb capacity, adjustable safety pins, pullup bar, supports dip bars.", "Squat Stands consist of two vertical supports. Each one has J-hooks to help you get the bar on your upper-back for Squats. Olympic weight lifters usually use Squat Stands. It allows them to Squat the weight and then lift it overhead if they want to. I\u2019ve used them quite a bit in Crossfit gyms.", "The main drawback of Squat stands is that they don\u2019t have safety pins. Weight lifters drop the bar on the floor if they fail. But this takes practice. It also takes the right equipment \u2013 without bumper plates you break the bar and floor. Bumper plates cost more and take more space.", "If you train in a gym, you\u2019ll need to ask for a spot on your heavy Squat sets. If you train alone in your home gym as I used to, best is to get a pair of sturdy saw horses to catch the bar if you fail.", "Squat stands take less space than Power Racks. They\u2019re more mobile too since you can move them away when done. If you want to do assistance work like Pullups, raise the j-hooks and hang from the bar. If it\u2019s too short, get a doorway pullup bar or pullup station (this does takes more space).", "You can use Squat Stands for the Overhead and Bench Press too. Just watch out when you rack the weight \u2013 they can tip over if you rack it too hard into the J-hooks. I prefer the Power Rack as I don\u2019t need to ask anyone for a spotter. But if you\u2019re limited on space, this looks good\u2026", "Valor Fitness BD-9. 500lb capacity, mini safety pins (I wouldn\u2019t trust those)", "The smith machine is not a Power Rack. Don\u2019t use a smith machine for StrongLifts 5\u00d75.", "The bar moves freely in the Power Rack. But with the smith machine it\u2019s attached on rails. That means you don\u2019t decide where the bar goes. The smith machine does. It will force you into fixed, unnatural movements. This can hurt your knees, back, shoulders, wrists, elbows and shoulders.", "There are newer 3d smith machines that attempt to fix that by allowing horizontal bar movement. But the bar is still attached on rails. So the machine is still balancing the weight for you instead of letting you balance it yourself. This takes work away from your muscles and is thus less effective.", "The smith machine looks safer since the bar is attached on rails. But it has no horizontal safety pins to catch the weight. If you fail, you have to quickly rotate your hands to rack the bar. It\u2019s easy to miss the pins. If you do, you\u2019ll get sandwiched between the bar and the floor \u2013 like this guy.", "One common mistake is to start with the smith because you can\u2019t balance the bar. But this doesn\u2019t teach you to balance it since the machine does it for you. When you switch to free weights later, you\u2019ll still have trouble balancing the bar. You\u2019ll have to take weight off to train your balance.", "This is like using training wheels to learn how to ride a bike. Sooner or later you have to remove them. And when you do, you still have no balance because you didn\u2019t practice it. You\u2019re just building bad habits. This is why kids now use balance bikes instead of training wheels.", "The only way to learn how to balance the bar is to practice it from day one. You do this best using the tool you want to get good at balancing. Use the bar, start light, add weight each workout. Set the pins of the Power Rack to catch failed weight. Fail on purpose a few times to build confidence.", "If your gym only has a smith machine but no Power Rack, switch to a real gym or build a home gym. Don\u2019t risk injuring your joints by forcing your body into fixed movements with heavy weights.", "The best bar for StrongLifts 5\u00d75 is a powerlifting bar. It will give you the best comfort and security to lift heavy weights with confidence without hurting your joints. If you\u2019re building a home gym, get the best powerlifting bar you can afford. You\u2019ll use it on every exercise so don\u2019t be cheap on this.", "Powerlifting bars are 2m20/7.2 feet long and 20kg/45lb heavy. If your bar is shorter, it\u2019s probably not a powerlifting bar. If it tips over when you put a plate of 20kg/45lb on one side, it probably doesn\u2019t weigh 20kg/45lb (stand with it on the scale in your gym to check). Powerlifting bars have\u2026", "Rotating sleeves. The outer parts of the bar where you put plates on are 50mm/2\u2033. They rotate independently from the bar. This reduces stress on your wrists, elbows and shoulders.", "Knurling. The bar is covered with knurling to improve grip. The center has knurling so the bar doesn\u2019t slide off your upper-back during heavy Squats. The part that touches your shins when you Deadlift has no knurling. It\u2019s smooth to avoid shin scraping.", "28-29mm thickness. Thinner bars make your thumbs overlap your fingers more when you hold it. This improves your grip for Deadlifts, especially if you have small palms or short fingers.", "Stiffness. The bar doesn\u2019t bounce around when you Squat heavy. It should be stiff for proper form. It should also handle up to 450kg/1000lb without breaking in two.", "Many gyms use cheap bars to save money. Most people don\u2019t know the difference anyway because they don\u2019t lift heavy or focus on form. Unlike Power Racks, it\u2019s not a program deal-breaker if you only have access to cheap bars. But it can give you trouble in the long run.", "Cheap bars often have no middle knurling, so they can slide down when you Squat. The smooth part can be larger and thus harder to grip for Deadlifts. Or the whole bar can have knurling and scrape your shins for Deadlifts. Cheap bars usually bend more easily which can cause fear of it breaking in two.", "Some cheap bars have fixed sleeves. The bar can\u2019t rotate independently from the plates. The plates will spin on every rep and stress your wrists, elbows and shoulders when you Squat and Press. Some gyms have fixed weight bars which makes it impossible to add weight in small steps each workout.", "Your gym might have a powerlifting bar hidden in a corner. I\u2019ve lifted weights in gyms like that. The advanced lifters were fighting for the best bars and coming in earlier, while the rest didn\u2019t get what the big deal was about. Ask the gym manager \u2013 you never know.", "Note that powerlifting bars are different from weightlifting bars. Olympic lifters use bars that are less stiff. They bend aka \u201cwhip\u201d which creates momentum \u2013 it helps them Squat more after they clean it, and lift more overhead. For heavy Squats this is a bad idea as the bar moves too much around.", "The sleeves of weightlifting bars also spin faster. This helps Olympic lifters get under the bar faster without releasing their grip. But it makes the bar harder to grip on Deadlifts as it rotates more. It will roll down your back during Squats as well, especially since these bars have no center knurling.", "If your gym only has weightlifting bars, then use it. It\u2019s not ideal and takes getting used to. But it\u2019s better than nothing. If you\u2019re building a home gym, get a powerlifting bar. These are good\u2026", "Rogue Ohio Bar. After giving my first bar to my brother, I bought this one. Great bar.", "Cap OB-86PBCK. 28.5mm, center knurling, 1000lb capacity, black finish.", "Xmark XM-3817. 28mm, center knurling, 700lb capacity. Quite cheap.", "Troy Texas Power Bar. 28mm, 1500lb capacity, center knurling.", "Good powerlifting bars are expensive. They can cost more than your Power Rack. Save money on the plates, but not on the bar. Again, you\u2019ll use this on every single exercise. You want something that feels secure and comfortable so you can lift heavy with confidence.", "Dumbbells or kettlebells are no replacement for a barbell as already explained. You can use heavier weights with a barbell. Heavier is more stress on your body, and thus bigger strength and muscle gains. Db and kb are fine as assistance, I use them. But they don\u2019t replace barbells.", "Put collars on the bar so plates can\u2019t move while you lift. Your barbells can have slippy sleeves. Or you press some reps uneven. Or you hit the safety pins by mistake when you Squat or Bench Press. All of this can make the plates move while you lift, and distract you from lifting with proper form.", "Some people prefer to Bench Press without collars. If you fail mid-set, you can then tilt the bar to one side. The plates will drop on the floor so you can get away from under the bar. You can\u2019t get pinned by the weight, but the gym won\u2019t like you dropping weight on the floor like that.", "Best is to lift inside the Power Rack with the safety pins ready for maximum safety. Then collar the bar so the plates don\u2019t move and distract you while you lift. You don\u2019t want to have to change your form mid-set to prevent moving plates to drop off the bar.", "Spring Collars;. I use these. You have to squeeze the springs to collar the bar. This works your grip like a gripper. They can be hard to remove at first, but your grip strength will improve.", "Clamp Collars. Easier to put on than spring clips since no gripping is required. It uses a simple click system instead. But this means you don\u2019t get grip training between sets.", "Make sure you buy 50mm/2\u2033 collars so they fit on your powerlifting bar \u2013 it has 50mm/2\u2033 sleeves.", "Start with about 120kg/260lb worth of plates. Together with your bar, this will keep you busy for up to six months. The plate holes must be 50mm/2\u2033 holes to fit your bar. The biggest 20kg/45lb plate must have 45cm/17\u2033 diameter for proper form on Deadlifts and Barbell Rows.", "The best plates are round and made of solid cast iron. They\u2019re also the cheapest \u2013 some brands sell them for only $1 per pound. And they make that old school sound when you lift heavy weights. Here\u2019s the plate setup I recommend you start with:", "KG \u2013 4x20kg, 2x10kg, 2x5kg, 2\u00d72.5kg, 2\u00d71.25kg.", "LB \u2013 4x45lb, 2x25lb, 2x10lb, 4\u00d75lb, 2\u00d72,5lb (4x5lb to OHpress 85-90lb).", "That\u2019s 137.5kg/320lb if you include the bar. You\u2019ll run out of plates after a couple of months, first on Deadlifts. Just get an extra pair of 20kg/45lb to keep progressing. Recommended iron plates\u2026", "CAP OP. 2\u2033 holes, 17\u2033 diameter, cheap", "Rogue Olympic Plates. 2\u2033 holes, 17\u2033 diameter, probably higher quality.", "When you shop around for plates, you\u2019ll find several other types and materials. I recommend you stick with iron plates. But here\u2019s an overview\u2026", "Grip Plates. These plates have grip holes. They\u2019re easier to carry because you can hold them like a bar, with your thumb overlapping your fingers. But you don\u2019t get grip work from carrying the plates. I hate them. Let the plate work your grip instead of making them easier to hold.", "Hex Plates. These plates have 12 sides. They\u2019re meant to prevent rolling but don\u2019t. The plates will land on the corners when you Deadlift and Row. The bar will roll and cause bad form. Hex plates are made for machines. Don\u2019t use them for StrongLifts 5\u00d75.", "Rubber Coated. These plates are covered with rubber. They don\u2019t make noise when the plates cling when you lift. But they make noise when you drop heavy weight. Plus they cost more. Just collar the bar tight to reduce noise and get a rubber mat for your floor.", "Bumper Plates. Made of solid rubber. Crossfitters use these so they can drop the bar on the floor during Olympic lifts. You\u2019re not doing that on this program. Plus bumper plates are twice as thick as iron plates. They take up more space, and are more expensive.", "If you start with less than 60kg/135lb on Deadlifts and Rows, then get a pair of full diameter plates. Buy two bumpers of 5kb/10lb that are the same diameter as 20kg/45lb iron plates. The bar will start at the same height on the lighter weights. You\u2019ll practice proper form from the get-go.", "And get a weight tree with 50mm/2\u2033 holes to keep your plates organized.", "You need small plates aka fractional plates for StrongLifts 5\u00d75. Fractional plates weigh 0.25-1lb each. You use them for microloading \u2013 to increase the weight by 1kg/2lb on the Bench and OHPress. This makes you fail less and progress more, especially if you\u2019re weak, small or female.", "Many gyms don\u2019t have plates smaller than 1.25kg/2.5lb. Some only have 2.5kg/5lb plates. This forces you to add 2.5kg/5lb or even 5kg/10lb per workout. But this doesn\u2019t work on the Bench and OHPress as already explained \u2013 the increment is a too big percentage. You\u2019ll fail and get frustrated.", "The solution is to use fractional plates. Tell the gym manager to get a set so you progress better. Or buy your own set and put it in your gym bag \u2013 it doesn\u2019t take much space or weigh much. Don\u2019t add weight only on one side. This shifts the center of gravity and causes bad form.", "44 Sport Fractional Plates. .25, .5, .75, and 1lb.", "Ader Fractional Plates. .25, .5, .75, and 1lb.", "CFF Fractional Plates. .25, .5, .75, and 1lb.", "Fractional plates are more expensive per pound. This is normal because it costs more to make plates which are more accurate in weight (bigger plates are often off by a pound or two). We\u2019re not looking for accuracy here though but slow increments. The weights will average itself out over time.", "You can also microload by puttting a small chain of 0.5kg/1lb on each side of the bar.", "Returning the bar to the floor on Deadlifts and Rows makes noise. Even if you control the weight and don\u2019t drop it, heavy weight always makes noise. Don\u2019t try to reduce it by lowering the weight slowly or keeping it in the air between reps \u2013 it\u2019s bad form and bad for your lower back.", "Deadlift and Barbell Row on rubber mats instead to reduce the noise. This will protect your floor against impact too. Just don\u2019t expect miracles \u2013 it\u2019s weight.", "Rubber Mat \u2013 I had one like this in my home gym", "Rogue Deadlift Platform \u2013 great if you have the space", "You can also build your own platform using horse mats and plywood. Here\u2019s an example.", "You need a bench to Bench Press every workout A. You don\u2019t need a bench with uprights. Just get a flat bench and put it in the Power Rack. This saves space but it\u2019s also safer \u2013 you have safety pins to catch the bar if you fail. Make sure the bench is centered before doing your set.", "Your bench should be sturdy and handle at least 250kg/600lb. Keep in mind that the bench capacity usually includes your body-weight. So if the bench has a capacity of 300lb and you weigh 200lb, that means it can only handle 100lb. This is not enough on StrongLifts 5\u00d75.", "Don\u2019t take risks by buying a cheap bench with low capacity. The legs can bend under the weight and potentially kill you. If you need convincing, read what happened to this guy.", "The bench should be 30cm/12\u2033 wide. This gives you good upper-back support so you can press from a strong base. The pad should be firm for good power transfer. It should also be non-slippy so your upper-back can\u2019t slide while you Bench Press. It should help you stay tight.", "To engage your legs, the bench should be 45cm/17\u2033 tall. A shorter bench will put your knees higher than your hips when you setup. This makes it harder to use your legs. On the other hand, if your legs are short, you can raise your feet by putting a plate under it. Good benches\u2026", "Rep Fitness Flat Bench. 1000lb capacity, 17.5\u2033 tall, 12\u2033 wide. I\u2019d get this.", "Adidas Flat Bench. 600lb capacity, 17\u2033 tall, 12\u2033 wide.\\", "You don\u2019t need an adjustable bench to do incline or decline. Your whole chest works when you Bench. Your upper-chest works when you OHPress. Plus adjustable benches often have gaps where you put your glutes. This makes it harder to setup properly and bench heavy when putting it flat.", "You also don\u2019t need leg attachments. Squats work your legs harder. Abs you can work separately by doing hanging knee raises from the pullup bar. Leg attachments just get in the way of your legs when you setup for the Bench Press. Keep it simple and get a regular flat bench.", "Chalk is white powder that improves your grip for lifting. You put it on your palms to absorb sweat and increase friction. This stops the bar from moving around when you have sweating hands. You control the bar more, lift with better form, and hold the bar longer (this is crucial on Deadlifts).", "Chalk also decreases callus build-up from lifting. It creates a smooth surface for the bar by filling up your skin folds. Less skin gets trapped under the bar as a result. You get less and smaller calluses from lifting weights. You also stop tearing calluses when you Deadlift heavy.", "Babypowder is not chalk. That\u2019s talc and decreases friction. Powerlifters put babypowder on their legs when they Deadlift so the bar goes up faster. But they never put it on their hands because that makes the bar slippy and harder to hold. Babypowder worsen your grip instead of improving it.", "Board chalk is also not the same as gym chalk. Board chalk is made of calcium sulphate. Gym chalk is made of magnesium carbonate. It\u2019s the same white powder rock climbers and gymnasts use. You can find chalk in most rock climbing shops. Or you can order it online, links\u2026", "GSC Gym Chalk. Eight blocks for a total of 1lb. This should last you several months. Break one in peaces into a bucket. Then put it on your palms so it fills up your skin folds. It\u2019s normal to have to re-apply chalk on your next set by the way.", "Primo Chalk Bucket, 1lb chalk in a convenient bucket. Double the price but higher quality. I\u2019ve had eczema from chalk in the past. This one seems to be easier on the hands.", "Beasty Liquid Chalk. Liquid chalk leaves no traces. The chalk is dissolved in alcohol. Put it on your palms like hand sanitizer. After 10sec the alcohol evaporates and your hands are chalky. Use this if your gym doesn\u2019t allow chalk \u2013 it leaves no dust and works better than gloves.", "You won\u2019t need chalk the first weeks of StrongLifts 5\u00d75. But once the weights get heavy, you\u2019ll need chalk for Deadlifts to hold on the bar. If it\u2019s hot in your gym or you easily get sweaty hands, you\u2019ll also need chalk on the other exercises so the bar can\u2019t move around and cause bad form.", "Wash the chalk off your hands after your workout. Chalk dries out your skin \u2013 that\u2019s how it works. Your skin can get beat up in the winter if you leave it on too long. My skin is prone to eczema\u2019s so I always wash it off quickly when I\u2019m done. Consider moisturizing your hands to prevent dry skin.", "The best shoes for lifting have hard soles. They can\u2019t compress under the weight. This improves your balance, power transfer, and technique. You can lift heavier without hurting yourself.", "Running shoes are terrible for lifting. The soles have air or gel filling to absorb impact when you run. They compress differently on every rep you lift. But you can\u2019t predict how and thus can\u2019t control the bar. Lifting with running shoes causes bad form. It\u2019s like lifting weights on a trampoline.", "Lifting barefoot is better but not ideal, Your foot can slip when you Squat or Bench because you have no traction. Your arch also gets no support, which can be a bad idea if you\u2019re flat footed like me. And many gyms don\u2019t allow barefoot lifting because it\u2019s unclean and unsafe.", "Best is to wear shoes with soles made of hard plastic or dense rubber. Thin soles put you closer to the floor. They shorten the distance the bar travels when you Deadlift, helping you pull heavier. Flat soles help you involve your posterior chain more on Squats and Deadlifts. Check these\u2026", "Chuck Taylor. I lifted in these for 10 years. Flat soles, good traction, cheap. But the sole is made of rubber so it compresses a little. They\u2019re also narrow which can be uncomfortable if you have wide feet like me (the reason I stopped using them eventually).", "Reebok Lite TR. Similar to Chuck\u2019s but wider and with better ankle support. They\u2019re bulkier, more expensive and can get hot. I lifted in these for three years.", "Reebok Nano. My current shoe for lifting weights \u2013 version 6. Hard sole, fairly flat, strong Kevlar canvas. Light and take little space for traveling. Look great.", "Olympic lifters use weightlifting shoes. They have hard soles made of wood or hard plastic that don\u2019t compress. The heels help them reach parallel more easily by putting their shins more incline. And the metatarsal straps running across the shoe keep their foot from moving around.", "Some powerlifters also use weightlifting shoes. I Squatted with rogue wins for a while but didn\u2019t like them \u2013 they made me lean forward. My friend Mike Tuschcherer who Squats 700lb had flat soles put on his weightlifting shoes. This gives him the stability of the metatarsal strap but without the heel.", "It seems like your build will determine if weightlifting shoes work better for you. Weightlifting shoes are expensive though. Best is to start with a simple shoe first and take it from there.", "Belts help you lift heavier weights by increasing lower back support. They give your abs a surface to push against. Your abs contract harder which increases pressure in your trunk. This creates support for your lower back and spine. You can easily Squat/Deadlift 20kg/45lb more by wearing a belt.", "Wearing a belt isn\u2019t cheating. You\u2019re not taking work away from your abs. You\u2019re making them work harder by lifting heavier. This is similar to how chalk improves your grip \u2013 your forearms work more not less because the weight is heavier. Same with your abs when wearing a belt.", "Some people think belts make your abs weak. They can\u2019t be weak because they\u2019re keeping your spine neutral against a heavier weight. In fact, the more you can lift with belt, the more you can lift without. And you\u2019ll train your abs both ways anyway by only using the belt on your heavy sets.", "But belts don\u2019t protect your spine against bad form. Pulling with a round back can cause injury despite wearing a belt. The injury could be worse if you lifted heavier because you thought the belt made your back bulletproof. Always use proper form. Don\u2019t wear a belt to cover up back pain.", "You don\u2019t need a belt the first weeks of StrongLifts 5\u00d75. The weights are light, and you should focus on proper form first. But once it becomes harder to add weight every workout, start wearing a belt. It\u2019s most useful on the Squat, Deadlift and Overhead Press. I rarely wear it on Bench and Rows.", "Your belt should be the same width in the front and back. Bodybuilding belts are no good because they\u2019re usually smaller in the front. The point is to give your abs a surface to push against. Turn the belt around or get a proper belt that is 3-4\u2033 wide across.", "Single prong belts are easier to put on/off than two prongs. Belts with prongs are easier to adjust than lever belts. If you wear your belt looser/tighter on some exercises, you\u2019ll need a screwdriver to adjust a lever belt. With prong belts you just move the prong to the next notch.", "Get a 10mm thick belt unless you\u2019re a really big guy. Check these\u2026", "Ader Powerlifting belt. 10mm thick, 4\u2033 wide, single prong. Good price.", "Flexz Powerlifting belt. 10mm thick, 4\u2033 wide, single prong", "Bestbelt Athlete Belt. Many people like these belts, quality.", "Inzer Forever Belt. I have this one. 10mm, 4\u2033wide, single prong.", "Most belts will be stiff at first which can feel uncomfortable. You have to break it in like with a new pair of leather shoes. Roll and unroll the belt on itself a couple of times to accelerate the break-in.", "Always warmup without belt. Put it on for your last warmup sets and heavy sets only. And remove your belt between sets \u2013 don\u2019t walk around with it like the captain upper-bodies. It looks silly.", "First the stuff you don\u2019t need, and should stop using\u2026", "Mirrors. They only show you the front view. They can tweak your neck if you turn your head to check the mirror aside of you. And they cause bad form. Athlets don\u2019t check their form in a mirror in soccer, football or tennis. They learn to listen to how their body moves. If you want to check your form, get a gorilla pod instead and tape yourself with your phone.", "Gloves. They make the bar thicker and harder to hold. They stink like old socks after a couple of workouts. They wear out quickly and add an unnecessary expense. Use chalk instead to improve your grip and reduce calluses. And shave your calluses of with a pumice stone.", "Straps. Using straps on every exercise and set will weaken your grip. Let your grip get stronger instead of covering it up with straps. Use chalk, grip the bar hard, and mix grip on deadlifts.", "Bar pads. Useless with heavy weights. If the bar hurts when you Squat, you\u2019re holding it wrong, Fix your form. Start light so your upper-back can toughen up like the skin on your hand does.", "This stuff you can consider\u2026", "Dip Belt. This is a belt with a chain to attach weight for chinups and dips. You should do these exercises like every other compound exercise \u2013 heavy. Get a dip belt to add weight once you can do them without weight. Don\u2019t do endless reps or you just train endurance.", "Knee Sleeves. They lubricate your joints by trapping heat around your knees. This makes them less likely to get injured. Knee sleeves can also give you the confidence to Squat if you have bad knees. If you\u2019re a bit older best is to wear knee sleeves. But use good form.", "Wrist Wraps. They can give small wrists extra support (I never used them though). But make sure you grip the bar properly on Squats and presses first \u2013 straight wrists, no bending.", "Starting Too Heavy", "The biggest mistake on StrongLifts 5\u00d75 is starting too heavy. It doesn\u2019t give your body time to adapt to Squatting three times a week and get stronger. You get sore and want to skip workouts instead. You miss reps and get demotivated. You think the program doesn\u2019t work and want to quit.", "Most people want to start heavy to accelerate their progress. But they usually get the opposite. If you barely get your reps on your first workout, you can\u2019t lift 2.5kg/5lb more two days later. If your legs get extremely sore from the first workout, you can\u2019t Squat again two days later. You fail prematurely.", "Starting heavy also shifts the focus away from practicing proper form. If you struggle to get your reps early on, you\u2019ll be tempted to lift with bad form so you don\u2019t fail. But this builds bad technique habits. It will make you hit a plateau, or worse, get injured as the weights keep increasing.", "It\u2019s not a waste of time to start light. Yes, lifting heavy is better. But you must learn to walk before you can run. Let your body get used to Squatting three times a week first. Focus on lifting with proper form while the weights are light. This work will pay off once the weights become heavy.", "And the weights become heavy fast. You\u2019re adding 30kg/60lb to your Squat each month, 15kg/30lb to your presses, and 60kg/120lb to Deadlifts. But everyone\u2019s progress slows after while. So you end up at the same place in one year whether you start with an empty bar or 60kg/135lb.", "Strength training is a marathon, not a sprint. You don\u2019t win this game by trying to go as fast as you can. You win by sticking to it as long as you can. It takes time to get stronger and learn proper form. And you can\u2019t gain more than 2lb of a muscle a month. Patience is therefore key.", "The people in the gym don\u2019t care about the weights you lift. They\u2019re focused on themselves. And they\u2019ve been beginners too. If anyone laughs at you for starting light, let them laugh. 12 weeks from now, you\u2019ll be Squatting two plates. Their laughter will turn into amazement.", "Don\u2019t start with your five rep max. Start with an easy weight so you can focus on form and build momentum. If you miss reps the first week or even month, you started way too heavy. Back the weight down to give your body time to recover and get stronger.", "This advice applies to any program, StrongLifts 5\u00d75 but also Madcow 5\u00d75 later.", "Changing The Program", "The typical mistake here is substituting exercises \u2013 Front Squats instead of Squats, Sumo Deadlift vs Deadlifts, Incline Bench vs OHPress, etc. Or changing the sets and reps by doing three sets of eight reps vs 5\u00d75 to get more pump and soreness. Or doing 5\u00d75 Deadlifts instead of 1\u00d75.", "If your tooth hurts, you probably don\u2019t try to fix it yourself. You go to a dentist who has knowledge and experience dealing with tooth pain. So why would you try to fix your weakness and out-of-shapeness by creating your own program? What makes you think you have expertise on the subject?!?", "The priority on this program is to get stronger at the big five \u2013 SQ/BP/DL/OHP/ROW. To get strong at these exercises you have to master proper form and go heavy. To master proper form you have to do the exercises a lot. To get stronger you have to do sets of five. The program works best as is.", "The 5\u00d75 routine has been around for almost 100 years. StrongLifts for 10 years. Tens of thousands of people have done this routine. Everything I\u2019ve learned is in this guide. There\u2019s nothing you can do that someone else hasn\u2019t tried before. Nothing you can improve. This program is already optimized.", "You can learn through trial & error \u2013 by thinking you know better and do it your own way. Or you can save yourself time and effort by doing the program as laid out. This saves you making the same mistakes we\u2019ve made before you. It helps you gain strength and muscle faster.", "Do the program as laid out for at least 12 weeks before changing anything. Wait until you can Squat 300lb/140kg before you create your own program. Gain experience first.", "Adding Too Much Stuff", "The usual mistake here is adding a ton of assistance exercises to hit every muscle. Especially smaller muscles that don\u2019t need much work in the first place. Some people will try to do the big five exercises in one workout. Or they do cardio 5-6x per week on top of lifting to lose fat faster.", "But the more stuff you do, the bigger the stress on your body, and thus the bigger the recovery need. If your muscles can\u2019t recovery properly, they can\u2019t get stronger and lift more weight next workout. You miss reps. plateau and get frustrated. Your strength and muscle mass can\u2019t increase.", "Doing tons of exercises also forces you to lift lighter weights. You couldn\u2019t do so much if the weights were heavy \u2013 you\u2019d be exhausted. You have to lift lighter weight to do more exercises in one workout. But heavy weights build more strength. And more strength is more muscle.", "Plus what are you going to do when you plateau? If you do 10 exercises for your arms from day one, what do you do when they\u2019re used to that and no longer grow? What do you do when you\u2019re no longer losing fat doing cardio 6x/week? Everyone plateaus eventually, but you have nowhere to go.", "You\u2019re just making it more likely to quit. Self-discipline is like a muscle. The more stuff you do, the more you tire it out. Your mind needs breaks too. Anyone can lift for three hours and do cardio six times a week. But few people can do that for a year. Most people burn out and quit.", "Less is more when you start lifting. You don\u2019t need much to gain strength and muscle. The minimum effective dose is low. All it takes is doing the big fives exercises and adding weight each workout. If the workouts feel too easy, add weight or increase the increments. Or just be patient.", "The stronger you get, the more work you can handle, and thus the more you can do. You\u2019ll actually have to do more work to keep progressing. But by then you\u2019ll probably be happy to only do three exercises per workout. Don\u2019t understimate the program \u2013 it looks easy, but it\u2019s hard work.", "Lifting in a Bad Gym", "You can\u2019t do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 without free weights. Leg presses or smith squats take work away from your muscles. They don\u2019t make you balance the bar like free Squats. Worse, they force you into fixed movements that can cause injuries. Free weights are more effective and safer.", "You also can\u2019t do this without Power Rack. You need to get the bar safely on and off your back to lift heavy. You can\u2019t be wasting strength by cleaning it first (this limits how heavy you can Squat anyway). And you can\u2019t be afraid to fail and hold back because there are no safety pins to catch the bar.", "Dumbbells don\u2019t work for this program either. You can\u2019t Squat heavy with dumbbells \u2013 holding them is the limiting factor, not Squatting the weight. And you can\u2019t use small increments because dumbbells usually go up by 2kg/5lb. You\u2019ll just plateau sooner, get frustrated, and want to quit.", "You need to lift heavy to gain strength and muscle. The barbell is the best tool for that because you can use the heaviest weights. But you need something to catch the weight if you fail. Without Power Rack you can get stuck under the weight and get killed. Really.", "Your current gym may not have the equipment you need to do StrongLifts 5\u00d75. Switch to a real gym or build a home gym. But don\u2019t bastardize this program by doing it with machines or dumbbells. It won\u2019t work. You\u2019re not doing StrongLifts 5\u00d75 if you\u2019re not using proper equipment.", "Yes, switching gyms can be a major inconvenience to you. But this isn\u2019t meant to be easy. You\u2019re not the first or only one to deal with this problem. Many people do, including me. If you\u2019re not willing to do what it takes, best is to look for a different program \u2013 this one is clearly not for you.", "Adding Weight Too Fast", "StrongLifts 5\u00d75 doesn\u2019t work if you add 5kg/10lb per workout. This works on Deadlifts until you reach 100kg/220lb. It works if the starting weights feel too light. It works if you\u2019re coming back from a big break. But it doesn\u2019t work long, especially not on pressing exercises that work smaller muscles.", "Your body needs to recover to get stronger and lift heavier next workout. It can\u2019t recover in time if you stress it with huge increments. Adding 5kg/10lb to a 50kg/100lb press or 10kg/20lb to a 100kg/200lb Squat is a 10% increment. This can work once or twice but not every workout. It\u2019s too much.", "Taking bigger jumps won\u2019t make you gain strength and muscle faster. It will make you plateau faster. It will cause bad form. Worse, it can get you injured. Tendons take longer to recover than muscles. Big jumps can cause nasty pains that take weeks or months to recover. This slows your progress.", "Get small plates if your gym doesn\u2019t have any. Get fractional plates too so you can add 1kg/2lb per workout to your bench/ohp. Don\u2019t wait until you hit a plateau. Get the plates today so you don\u2019t hit a plateau in the first place. This saves you time wasted on failing and deloading.", "Lifting With Bad Form", "Bad form causes pains and injuries. The most dangerous mistakes are pulling with a rounded spine, Squatting with caved knees, benching with flared elbows, and arching on the OHPress. It can help you get more reps and lift more. But you\u2019re taking risks. If you get hurt, you\u2019ll slow your progress.", "Bad form also hinders strength gains. You have to move the bar in a vertical line because that\u2019s the shortest distance. But you also must involve as many muscles as you can. More muscles working is more weight you can lift. Good form increases efficiency while bad form reduces it.", "Bad form hinders muscle gains. You can lift more with half reps. But it doesn\u2019t work your muscles through a complete range of motion. It therefore doesn\u2019t work to cut your depth short on Squats, not touching your chest on bench, not touching the floor on pulls, and not locking your OHPress.", "The program starts light and easy. But the weight increases every workout. Small mistakes will turn into big ones fast if you don\u2019t address them early on. Read all the guides on this website. And practice good form from day one. Don\u2019t use bad form or shorten the ROM to get your reps.", "Not Lifting Heavy", "Lifting the same weight over and over again makes you weaker. You need to give your body a reason to gain strength and muscle. If you don\u2019t challenge yourself by trying to lift heavier as much as you can, your body will get lazy. The weight you keep lifting will become harder to lift.", "That means if your first two sets of five were hard, you don\u2019t lower the weight for the next three sets. You stick with the weight even if that means you won\u2019t get fives on the next three sets. You already can lift the previous weight for 5\u00d75. You have to try to lift this weight for 5\u00d75 to get stronger.", "That also means if you did 5\u00d75 last time, you add weight next time. Even if it was hard last time. It doesn\u2019t matter if you think you won\u2019t make it. You don\u2019t know until you try. Recover properly before your next workout. Then go to the gym, set the safety pins and go after those fives.", "Many people have been surprised to find out their next workout with more weight was easier than the last one. But it should be obvious why \u2013 your body is getting stronger every workout. And sometimes you\u2019re just having a bad day. That\u2019s why you should stick to the plan and try.", "Don\u2019t be afraid of failure. Your confidence can\u2019t increase if you avoid what you\u2019re afraid of. Everyone fails, I\u2019ve failed a lot. Lift in the Power Rack. Set the safety pins. Ask for a spot maybe. Heck, fail on purpose a few times so you can experience how it feels. But don\u2019t avoid failure.", "Some people don\u2019t add weight because they\u2019re OCD about their form. If your form is 80% perfect, add weight. As long as you\u2019re not making dangerous mistakes like lower back rounding, flaring elbows on bench, knees caving in on squat or arching on ohp\u2026 keep going.", "The 20% smaller form mistakes, try to fix while adding weight. Work on it during your warmup. But don\u2019t stick with light weights to achieve 100% perfect form. Anyone can have perfect form with light weights. It takes strength to have perfect form with heavy weight. Gotta lift heavy for that.", "Finally, every now and then there\u2019s some guy who quits the program because it didn\u2019t add muscle for him. Looking closer it usually turns out he didn\u2019t do the program for longer than a few weeks\u2026 and never got his lifts beyond a 80kg/175lb Squat, 60kg/135lb Bench and 100kg/220 Deadlift\u2026", "It should be obvious that you can\u2019t have the legs of a 140kg/300lb Squatter if you lift half that. You can\u2019t have the chest of a 100kg/220lb bencher if you bench half that. And you cant have the back development of someone who Deadlifts 180kg/400lb if you lift half that. Duh.", "It\u2019s not the program\u2019s fault if you don\u2019t lift heavy and then don\u2019t gain muscle. This is normal. You have to lift heavy to gain in muscle size. So do the work.", "Each workout triggers your body to gain strength and muscle. So your body can\u2019t get stronger if you skip workouts all the time. It can\u2019t lift heavier weights. You struggle instead and fail reps.", "If you miss one workout, you can usually resume the program where you left off. But skipping two workouts in a row can cause strength loss. Skip three workouts and you\u2019ll have to lower the weight to get your five reps on every set next workout. This slows your progress.", "StrongLifts 5\u00d75 works best if you do three workouts a week. Two can work, but not one a week. And one workout every 10 days definitely doesn\u2019t work. Look, there are 168 hours in a week. This program only needs four hours of your time. Get your priorities right and make time for this.", "Decide the days and times you\u2019ll train. Then stick to it whatever happens. Sore, not motivated, tired, or sick \u2013 it doesn\u2019t matter. Stick to your plan and go. Maybe you have a bad workout, maybe not. But bad workouts are always better than skipped ones \u2013 you never regret going to the gym.", "Yes, this is extreme. But quitting always starts by skipping one workout. It usually turns into two. Then you rationalize you\u2019ll restart next week. But next week becomes the week after. Before you know it you haven\u2019t trained for a month. This is how most people quit \u2013 it might sound familiar.", "Skipping workouts is therefore a slippery slope. It reinforces the bad habit you want to break \u2013 not going to the gym. You want to build the good habit of going to the gym. The only way to do this is by practicing going to the gym over and over again whatever happens.", "Stick to your plan. Say no to people. And don\u2019t make excuses.", "Rushing Your Sets", "You\u2019ll sweat more if you rest only 30 seconds or superset exercises. But you\u2019ll lift with depleted ATP stores. And your form will deteriorate because you get tired. Short rest times make it impossible to lift heavy, and they increase the risk of injury. You need to rest up to five minutes to get strong.", "The goal of StrongLifts 5\u00d75 is to lift heavy \u2013 not get a sweat, pumped, or out of breath. If you want to sweat, then do HIIT cardio after your workout. If you want pump, then add assistance work for that. But rest as much as you need on the main exercises so you can lift heavy and get stronger.", "If you only have half an hour to train, then only Squat. Don\u2019t rush your workout to get it all in. Squats work your whole body and are the backbone of the program. Do them properly and skip the rest.", "If you keep running out of time in the gym, then change your schedule. Don\u2019t squeeze your workout during lunch time. Unless you have a two hour break to lift and shower, you\u2019ll have to rush through your sets eventually. Train at a different time or consider a home gym to save time.", "Respect your warmup weights. Don\u2019t skip them. Don\u2019t rush through them thinking only your work sets matter. Take them seriously by putting the same effort and focus into it. Lift the light weight as if it was heavy. This will better prepare your body for the heavy weights and avoid injury.", "Eating Too Little", "Your body needs to recover from your workouts to get stronger. Food contains the material to recover your muscles. When there\u2019s a lack of food, your body uses it for critical tasks first. So your muscles can\u2019t recover well to get stronger. You have low energy, fail reps, and can\u2019t add weight.", "Skinny guys are often afraid to gain fat. Maybe you have a low body-fat and don\u2019t want to lose your abs by eating more. But lifting heavy is easier with more muscle mass. There isn\u2019t enough if you\u2019re 1m82/6\u20192\u2033 but only 60kg/135lb. I\u2019m shorter and weigh almost 20kg/45lb more. Gotta eat.", "People who\u2019ve been fat before are often afraid to get fat again. Maybe you did cardio and strict dieting to lose fat. And you now want to build muscle to look better. But the idea of eating more scares you. You\u2019re not supposed to eat junk food like when you were fat though. And you lift weights now.", "Obese guys usually want to lose fat/weight fast. The usual mistake is to cut too many calories. Eating 1500kcal/day can work when the weights are light. But your fat loss and strength will both plateau eventually \u2013 your calories are too low to cut further, and you can\u2019t recover well to lift heavy.", "Most people need at least 3000kcal/day. If you\u2019re obese, you\u2019ll build muscle while losing fat. But most people need to choose between building muscle or losing fat. Choose muscle first since it\u2019s harder than losing fat. You need to lift heavy to build muscle. So eat up for proper recovery.", "But don\u2019t eat like a pig. Don\u2019t eat mostly junk food. That builds bad habits that will make you unhealthy and fat in the long run. Eat quality food. Real food not shakes. Three to four meals a day.", "Will StrongLifts 5\u00d75 work for me?", "It has worked for me and my two brothers. It has worked for several of my friends. It has worked for girls I dated. It has worked for anyone I\u2019ve given this program to. I get emails every day from people from all over the world saying this program is the best thing that ever worked for them.", "So I\u2019m confident StrongLifts 5\u00d75 will work for you too. It will work really well if you\u2026", "Never entered a gym. You\u2019re intimidated by free weights, scared of injury, or just weak. This program starts light and focuses on form. You slowly get comfortable with the weights while avoiding injury. Your strength and confidence increase as the weight increase.", "Never used free weights. You\u2019ve gone to the gym before but only used machines. Maybe you\u2019ve benched with free weights but never did Squats, Deadlifts, and OHPress. You\u2019ll learn these lifts now by starting light, doing them a lot, and adding weight each workout.", "Resume after a break. You\u2019ve done these exercises before. But you quit last summer. Or you haven\u2019t lifted since high school. This program will get you back into shape fast. You\u2019ll get in even better shape if you\u2019ve never used this kind of structured training program.", "Now I\u2019ve never seen StrongLifts 5\u00d75 not work. I\u2019ve seen stories on the Internet of people saying this program didn\u2019t work for them. But it\u2019s usually because\u2026", "This is NOT for experienced lifters. Don\u2019t do this if you can Squat 300lb and Deadlift 400lb right now. You can\u2019t add weight every workout with those weights. That\u2019s why I don\u2019t do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 anymore \u2013 my weights are too heavy. Do Madcow 5\u00d75 instead.", "This is NOT for know-it-alls. You have to do the program as laid out for it to work. If you do it your way by changing things, it won\u2019t work. You have to be coachable. And you should re-read this guide every couple of weeks to catch things you missed the first time.", "This is NOT for wussies. This program won\u2019t work if you skip workouts. Not work if you skip Squats. Not work if you don\u2019t increase your lifts. You will not become strong and big unless you lift heavy weights. This takes hard work.", "So if you\u2019re 60kg/135lb at 1m82/6\u20192\u2033\u2026 you barely eat to avoid fat gains\u2026 your Squat is stuck at 80kg/175lb after 10 weeks\u2026 and you\u2019re not happy with how your body looks\u2026 this is NORMAL. You\u2019re not eating enough, not lifting heavy enough, and not being patient enough.", "Strength gains are almost immediate. You\u2019ll see the weight on the bar increase every workout. If you start with the bar, don\u2019t miss one workout and get your reps every time, you\u2019ll Squat 100kg/220lb in 12 weeks and 130kg/265lb in 16 weeks. That\u2019s stronger than most guys.", "The maximum amount of lean muscle you can gain naturally is 2lb per month. So if you\u2019ve never lifted before, you can gain 10lb of lean muscle mass in 20 weeks and 24lb by next year. Note that this is LEAN muscle \u2013 weight gains can be higher due to increase in water retention.", "If you\u2019ve lifted before and are coming back from a break, you\u2019ll gain muscle faster. Thanks to muscle memory you\u2019ll regain the muscle you lost during your break faster than you build it the first time. Your strength will come back faster as well, and you\u2019ll lose fat at the same time.", "Obese guys will also build muscle while losing fat. Your shirts will get tighter in the shoulders, neck and back. But your pants will get loose around the waist. Your body-weight may not change or even increase due to the muscle gains. But you\u2019ll look better because muscle is denser than fat.", "Don\u2019t rely on mirrors to track your body\u2019s changes. Your mind can play tricks on you. Many lifters have bigorexia \u2013 they keep seeing a skinny guy in the mirror despite increasing their muscle size. It\u2019s like anorexic women seeing someone fat in the mirror while they\u2019re skinny.", "Plus your body doesn\u2019t change as fast as the weight on the bar. The mirror can make you think you\u2019re not making progress when you are. You don\u2019t notice because you\u2019re looking at it every day. But people who haven\u2019t seen you in months will notice how your body has changed.", "Take pictures instead. Front, back, side. Full body, from head to toe. Every two weeks so your body changes are large enough to notice. Be consistent with how you take them \u2013 same camera, lightning, clothes, distance, time of the day. This makes it easier to see changes.", "If you do this, you\u2019ll see enough body changes after 12 weeks to motivate you to continue. Because it will take most people at least a year to achieve dramatic changes. Again, it takes on average a year to add 24lb of lean muscle naturally. You can\u2019t accelerate this. So you have to commit long-term.", "What\u2019s the science behind this program?", "The main theory is the stimulus \u2013 recovery \u2013 adaptation cycle. Stressing your body causes fatigue. It triggers it to recover. If the stress wasn\u2019t excessive your body adapts to better handle that same stress in the future. This is the old saying \u201cwhat doesn\u2019t kill you make you stronger\u201d.", "This means that if the stress is excessive, your body can\u2019t adapt to the stress. You get more fatigue which could lead to overtraining. On the other hand, if there\u2019s too little stress, then your body has no reason to get stronger than it already is. You don\u2019t improve because you\u2019re undertraining.", "Think of lifting in hot weather. The heat is a stressor. You sweat to keep your temperature down. You lose water and must drink to recover. Your sweat glands adapt to better deal with heat. You become more efficient by sweating earlier. This cools you down faster so you can train harder for longer.", "Think also of sedentary lifestyles. Lack of physical activity is an absence of stress. Your body, bones and muscles weaken because they have no reason to be strong. This saves your body resources and energy. But your flexibility also decreases because what you don\u2019t use, you lose.", "Think of tanning too. Your skin becomes pale in the winter. And it will burn if you fly to a sunny beach and spend the whole day in the sun. You\u2019ll have to stay in the next day so your skin can recover. This is like starting this program with too much weight, getting sore and having to skip workouts.", "But you\u2019re less likely to get burned if you only spend 15mins in the sun. Your body has time to produce melanin to protect your skin. It darkens so you can stay in the sun longer. This is like starting light on this program to avoid soreness, and then gradually increasing the weight.", "People love to say everyone is different. Sure some people get darker, some burn faster. Some are naturally strong, others are weaker. Some people handle stress better. But anyone can adapt and get stronger. Just start with a small dose and slowly increase it. This is progressive overload.", "The stronger you get, the more stress you can handle. Champions lift heavier weights than beginners. But this causes more fatigue. It takes them longer to recover between workouts. That\u2019s why they can\u2019t add weight every workout anymore. It takes them longer to keep getting stronger.", "The barbell is the best tool to stress your body and cause adaptation. The weight is heavier, and you have to balance it. The big five barbell exercises use a lot of muscle. This causes a bigger hormonal response because the stress is higher. You get a bigger adaptation as a result.", "How much stress is too much, how much too little? This is where this is more art than science. You look at your progress. But best is to be conservative. If the stress was insufficient, you can always fix that with progressive overload \u2013 add weight. If it\u2019s excessive though, you\u2019re stuck.", "Check the recommended books if you want to educate yourself more.", "Does StrongLifts 5\u00d75 build muscle?", "Yes. You can gain 24lb of lean muscle the first year if you\u2019ve never done a training program like this one. That is by only training three times a week and without using supplements or drugs.", "Here\u2019s how it works: your skeletal muscles are attached to your bones by tendons. When you Squat down your hip and knee joints bend. When you Squat up, they straighten. This movement is powered by your muscles which contract to bend and straighten your legs against the weight.", "The heavier the weight on your back, the harder your muscles must contract to Squat the weight. The harder they have to work to resist gravity on the way down too. This stress triggers your leg muscles to get stronger and bigger to better handle that weight next workout.", "Most people are confused because they only see five compound exercises. There aren\u2019t any isolation exercises to work muscles directly. But this is why this program works better to build muscle \u2013 you\u2019re doing the big five exercises which work your whole body with heavier weights.", "Some people think this program only builds strength. All the gains are \u201cneurological\u2019\u2026 Of course your central nervous system adapts to the training just like your bones, tendons, heart, etc. But only a fool would think your muscles are excluded from that adaptation. If you\u2019ve lift heavy, you know better.", "You have to eat though. Lifting heavy stresses your muscles. Your body needs to recover before it can add muscle. It can\u2019t do that if you eat like a bird. No program will add muscle on your frame if you eat like a bird. No rep range of exercise will. You have to eat more to gain muscle mass.", "This is not bodybuilding program. You\u2019ll build muscle. You\u2019ll good naked if you eat properly. Girls will like it \u2013 they always have with me. But you won\u2019t look like those guys in magazines or on instagram. Many of them use drugs but won\u2019t tell you. You\u2019re naive if you think they train naturally.", "If you insist on bodybuilding, you\u2019ll get better results by doing this program first. One, you\u2019ll learn to lift with proper form on the main exercises. Two, you\u2019ll increase your strength and muscle mass. So you can do the high rep, isolation at a higher intensity later than if you started with that.", "Most guys will never go there though. Because this program builds a great body, builds strength, and takes less time. It\u2019s also a simpler and saner way to train.", "Read the guide on how to build muscle", "Can I gain mass with StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "Yes, if you eat more calories than your body burns. Adding muscle mass and getting bulky comes down to increasing your body-weight. To gain weight you have to eat more calories than your body burns. You need to create a caloric surplus. You do that by eating more food.", "There\u2019s no training program, rep range or exercise that will make you gain 20lb/45lb. Because that\u2019s the minimum you\u2019re going to have to gain if you\u2019re a skinny 60kg/135lb at 1m82/6\u20192\u2033. Lifting can help you gain weight by making you hungry post workout. But you still have to eat the food.", "Maybe you\u2019re skinny and think you eat a lot. You don\u2019t or you wouldn\u2019t be skinny. Weigh yourself every week. If your weight doesn\u2019t go up, eat more until it does. If you have a high metabolism like me, you may have to eat a lot more to gain mass. Be consistent \u2013 don\u2019t eat less some days.", "Stay away from weight gainers. They\u2019re full of sugars and will make you fat and fart. Eat quality food instead. Carbs like potatoes and oats are your friends. Eat at least three meals a day. You\u2019re probably only eating one or two now. Wake up earlier so you can start with a big breakfast.", "Read the guide on how to gain weight for skinny guys.", "Can I lose fat with StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "If you\u2019re obese, you\u2019ll lose fat while building muscle. Your body will burn calories to lift the weights. It will also burn more calories post workout for muscle recovery (this will increase your metabolism). And your body will use your fat reserves to build muscle so you can lift heavy.", "Your body-weight may not change. It can increase because of the muscles you\u2019re building. But your clothes will fit differently \u2013 pants will become looser around your waist. And your shirts will get tighter in the neck, shoulders and back. You\u2019ll look more athletic because muscle is denser than fat.", "Obese guys usually stop worrying about their weight after a while. They realize they don\u2019t really care about that number on the scale. They just want to look good and be healthy. And if they get addicted to getting stronger, they\u2019ll prefer to stay big because that helps them lift heavier weights.", "If you\u2019re not obese, the lower your body fat, the harder to lower it further on this program. You have to eat less to lose fat. But you have to eat more to build muscle. If you eat too little, your muscles can\u2019t recover well between workouts. You can\u2019t add weight, and the program can\u2019t work.", "Doing StrongLifts 5\u00d75 on a caloric deficit to lose fat is therefore a bad idea. It will work the first few weeks when the weights are light. But not when the weights get heavier. You should be eating at least maintenance calories, and then add some cardio to help fat loss.", "Remember a low body-fat is useless if you don\u2019t have muscle to show for. And you can easily lose 1lb of fat per week later, but you can only gain 0.5lb a week now. So gain muscle first. Get your Squat to 140kg/300lb. After that you can focus on lowering your body-fat if it\u2019s still needed.", "Read the guide on how to lose fat", "Does this program work for guys over 40?", "Yes. Your body doesn\u2019t recover as fast as that of younger people. But you\u2019ll gain strength and muscle, even if you\u2019ve never lifted or are in your 70s. Your age will only be a problem if you think it is.", "Older people keep telling me StrongLifts 5\u00d75 has been like a fountain of youth. If your body feels old, you feel old, and you behave like an old person. But if your body feels young, you feel young, and you behave like a younger person. Here\u2019s how this program helps you achieve that\u2026", "Build muscle. You lose muscle from inactivity and sedentary lifestyle as you age. You also lose muscle as part of the aging process \u2013 up to 10% per decade over 50. Lifting weights decreases muscle loss from aging by building muscle. You\u2019ll gain a lot of the lost muscle back.", "Lose fat. Inactivity makes you fat, especially if you don\u2019t eat less although you move less. The lost muscle is replaced by fat, and you become skinny-fat. This program reverses that by building muscle, burning calories and boosting your metabolism. You lose fat.", "Build strength. Inactivity and muscle loss turn you weak as you age. You lose balance and coordination. Your joints become weak and you lose flexibility. This program reverses that by building strength, improving balance and strengthening joints. You get less injured.", "How much strength and muscle can you gain? More than you think. Go to a powerlifting competition. There are age categories for guys in their 40s, 50s, 50s, 60s, and even past 70s. The 40y old often lift more than younger guys because building strength takes time. They\u2019ll inspire you.", "The longer you\u2019ve been inactive, the lighter the weights you\u2019ll have to start with to avoid soreness. If the empty bar is too heavy, start with a lighter 5kg/10lb bar. If that\u2019s still too heavy to Squat, do body-weight Squats for a few workouts. Move to the bar once you\u2019re stronger.", "The empty bar can be too heavy to Overhead Press as well. Try with a lighter bar of 5kg/10lb. If that\u2019s still too heavy, substitute the OHPress by the Bench Press. Bench every workout for three-four weeks to increase your upper-body strength. Then add the Overhead Press back in.", "Add weight slowly. Maximum 2.5kg/5lb per workout. 1kg/2lb is even better, and a must for the Bench and OHPress. Use proper form to avoid injuries. The program will get you stronger just like it does for younger guys. But you\u2019ll need to modify StrongLifts 5\u00d75 sooner to keep making progress.", "Here\u2019s why: you recover slower than younger guys. So you need to modify StrongLifts 5\u00d75 to increase recovery between workouts. Your body can then get stronger and lift heavier without injuries.", "Switch from 5\u00d75 to 3\u00d75 as soon as you struggle to get your reps. You don\u2019t have to wait until you fail three times or deload. Just switch already to decrease the stress of your workouts. If you feel sore all the time despite not starting too heavy, you should definitely switch.", "The next change is to get more rest days. You could take two rest days between workouts. Instead of lifting Mo/We/Fr, you\u2019d lift on Mo/Th/Su, then Wed/Sat, and then Tu/Fr. But this changes your training schedule every week. So it\u2019s not ideal for building a long-lasting gym habit.", "Better is to simply train twice a week, Monday and Thursday for example. This way you have two rest days before your Thursday workout, and three rest days before your Monday workout. You\u2019ll do about the same amount of workouts in a month, but your training schedule will be consistent.", "StrongLifts 5x5 for Older Guys", "Monday - workout A Thursday - workout B", "Squat 3x5 Squat 3x5", "Bench Press 3x5 Overhead Press 3x5", "Barbell Row 3x5 Deadlift 1x5", "You\u2019ll make progress for several workouts until you start struggling to get your reps again. You can then switch to 3\u00d73 and 1\u00d73 to improve your recovery. Or you can switch Madcow 5\u00d75 to give you a break from adding weight every workout, and switch to slower weekly increases instead.", "Your progress will be slower compared to younger guys training three times a week. But you probably aren\u2019t in a hurry anymore. Your priority is more likely to be healthy. Slowing your progress will keep you healthy by improving your recovery. You\u2019ll avoid soreness, pains and injuries.", "Keep in mind turning 40 doesn\u2019t mean you HAVE TO do these changes. A 72y old need these changes more than a 57 old, and he needs it more than a 40y old. I\u2019m 36 and still Squat three times a week. I\u2019m just more careful to avoid injuries. Look at your progress to decide what to do.", "Does StrongLifts 5\u00d75 work for women?", "Yes. The bar doesn\u2019t know you\u2019re a woman, and doesn\u2019t care. And your body reacts to stress like men do \u2013 you gain strength and muscle in response to the stress of the bar weight to better deal with that stress next time. So women should lift weights like men, and do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 like men.", "The only difference is that you\u2019ll never get the strength, size and muscle mass of a man who trains equally hard. Men have about seven times higher testosterone levels than women. Men also have more upper-body muscle mass than women. And most men are taller and bigger than women.", "That\u2019s why men don\u2019t compete against women in sports. It wouldn\u2019t be fair, just like making a 52kg powerlifter compete against a +140kg heavy weight wouldn\u2019t be fair. All male strength records are higher than women\u2019s. The top 20% women only lift what the bottom 20% of men lift.", "So you won\u2019t get big and bulky. It\u2019s hard enough for guys, it\u2019s even harder for you. Because you don\u2019t have the same size and testosterone levels to work with. Some women solve that by taking anabolic steroids. But you probably don\u2019t want to grow a moustache.", "This program will get you toned instead. This term is often misused in fitness circles. Women are usually told to lift light weights for high reps to get muscle definition without bulk. But definition comes down to a low body-fat. And bulk requires being a man or taking steroids. So that\u2019s BS.", "Muscle tone really means the tension of your muscle at rest. When you sit, your muscles contract partially to maintain posture. Toned muscles look harder at rest. But lifting light weights doesn\u2019t build hard muscles. It build soft ones. Lifting heavy builds hard muscles and thus tone.", "Anyway, if the empty bar is too heavy, start with a lighter one of 5kg/10lb. If you don\u2019t have one, Goblet Squat until you\u2019re strong enough to Squat the bar. If you can\u2019t Overhead Press the bar, Bench Press instead to increase upper-body strength. If you can\u2019t Bench the bar, bench light dumbbells first.", "I\u2019ve seen girls who could Bench Press the empty bar for 5\u00d75 the first workout, despite only weighing around 45kg/100lb. I\u2019ve seen girls who couldn\u2019t even Bench the bar for one rep. But the newbie gains are with you. You\u2019ll be able to Bench it for 5\u00d75 within a few workouts if you stick to the program.", "Since you have less testosterone, muscle and size than men, your progress will also be slower. Stick with adding 2.5kg/5lb per workout on your lifts. Get fractional plates so you can add only 1kg/2lb per workout on your Bench Press and Overhead Press. This will improve your progress.", "Can teens do StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "Yes, I started in my late teens. Even kids can do this program \u2013 Chinese weightlifters often start as early as age six. This is a huge competitive advantage as they have at least ten years of technique practice by the time they\u2019re 18. The sooner you can start lifting weights, the better.", "Lifting weights will not stunt your growth. Arnold Schwarzenegger started lifting weights at age 15 and he\u2019s 1m82/6\u20192\u2033. Lou Ferrigno and Dave Drapper also started young but are over 1m80/6\u2033 tall. Same with athletes like Shaquille O\u2019Neal, David Robinson, Karl Malone and Michael Vick.", "Some people say lifting weights can stunt your growth if you fracture your growth plates. First, how does that even happen? Dropping the bar on you? Never happened to me in 18 years of lifting. If you start light, lift in the Power Rack and don\u2019t do anything stupid, you can\u2019t break a bone by lifting.", "Two, fractures are more common in contact and collision sports. Kids playing soccer get tackled all the time. Broken bones happen more than in the gym where it\u2019s just you and the bar. And yet we don\u2019t have an epidemic of kids turned into deformed dwarfs. The fractures seem to heal fine.", "If you believe fractures can stunt your growth, then you should be more afraid of contact and collision sports than lifting. If you do these sports then it\u2019s smart to lift weights too because that increases bone density and strengthen joints. This protects you against fractures and injuries.", "But lifting weights won\u2019t stunt your growth. This myth probably started in the 80s with Olympic lifter Naim S\u00fcleymano\u011flu aka Pocket Hercules. He was only 1m47/4\u201910\u201d but could lift +180kg/400lb over his head. Some people concluded the heavy weights stopped him from growing\u2026", "This is like saying basketball players are tall because they jump. It\u2019s not correlated but selection bias. There\u2019s way more compression when you run or jump than lift, and your spine handles it fine. Lifting weights can actually make you look taller by improving your posture so you stop slouching.", "The main cause of stunted growth is malnutrition. Outside of that your height is mostly genetically determined. You\u2019ll keep growing until you\u2019re about 21, regardless of lifting weights.", "Lifting weights is good for teens. It builds discipline and improves work ethic that helps with studies later. It gives them a healthy lifestyle that keeps them from unhealthy ones like drugs and drinking. And it gives over-active kids an outlet for their higher activity level that beats taking pills.", "The key is to start light. Get a 5kg bar or even a broomstick. Focus on proper form to build good habits and avoid injuries. If it\u2019s your kid, supervise him every workout to check his form (make sure you know proper form). Praise him for good form and discourage bad form immediately.", "Most important, don\u2019t force the kid. I like lifting, you may like lifting, but not everyone does. The kid may not like it. If he\u2019s not having fun, he won\u2019t be motivated. This can lead to technical errors that can cause injury. Or he\u2019ll just hate you for forcing him. He needs to have fun first and foremost.", "Can I get results with StrongLifts 5\u00d75 if I have bad genetics?", "Yes. StrongLifts 5\u00d75 works especially well for people with bad genetics, for which never worked before. This is because most people with bad genetics have imitated routines from people with good genetics \u2013 typically one muscle a day isolation split routine crap. That rarely works for naturals, especially those with bad genetics.", "I suggest you stop worrying about your genetics. I have what people consider \u201cbad genetics\u201d \u2013 skinny wrists, skinny ankles, small shoulders, naturally skinny (ectomorph). Despite that I\u2019ve been able to gain 43lb of muscle, Squat 419lb, Deadlift 500lb. I won\u2019t break world records, but I\u2019ve reached an advanced level making me stronger than the average gym goer.", "My point is, bad genetics doin\u2019t mean you can\u2019t improve. It must means you won\u2019t get as strong and muscular as the best of the best, and that results will take longer. But most people aren\u2019t competing, and aren\u2019t on tight deadlines. You can get much stronger than the average person, and you have the time. So it doesn\u2019t matter.", "More important, there is nothing you can do about your genetics. You cannot change them. What you can change is the actions you take. You can make the decision to go to the gym week after week, no matter what. That you can control. Your genetics you cannot.", "Funny thing is that if you do the work of going to the gym week after week, people will end up thinking you have good genetics. People who didn\u2019t know me before think that I\u2019ve always been sporty and stronger and whatever. They\u2019re surprised when I tell them I started out skinny and not able to do one pushup.", "You can get results despite your genetics. You do that by focusing on your training instead of whatever genetic limitation you have. You may not be able to ever Squat 500lb. But you can definitely Squat 300lb, even with bad genetics. And that is stronger than the average gym go-er.", "Will this make me slow for sports?", "No. It will make you faster, more powerful and more explosive. The big five exercises strengthen your whole body, including your legs. Stronger legs last longer because each step takes less effort. They can do more work in a given time. In physics we call this power (P=w/t) aka explosiveness.", "What about the added bulk? Doubling your Squat will increase your muscle mass. But the added bulk isn\u2019t enough to slow you down. Gaining strength and muscle is like putting a bigger engine in your car. It weighs more, but you\u2019re still going faster. Because you\u2019re more efficient and powerful.", "Gone are the days where athletes would only practice their sports. Ronaldo and Nadal lift weights. Tiger Woods benched 300lb. Every athlete and team now has a STRENGTH and conditioning coach. Strength improves balance and coordination, reduces injuries, and makes you more explosive.", "If you do sports but don\u2019t lift weights, you\u2019re putting yourself at a disadvantage in 2017.", "Isn\u2019t Squatting 3x/week too much?", "It is if you start with your five rep max on the first workout. You\u2019ll get sore legs and won\u2019t be able to Squat again two days later. This program will look impossible to do because you started too heavy. The trick is to start light to let your body get used to Squatting three times a week.", "I used to hammer my legs every Monday by doing almost a dozen of exercises for high reps. I was often sore for a week. So when I discovered the 5\u00d75 workout in 2003 I didn\u2019t get how anyone could Squat two more times in the same week. I know now \u2013 you stop training for failure.", "Most weight lifters Squat several times a week. I once Squatted every day for 50 days. Sprinters usually sprint several times a week. Runner run several times a week. Cyclists ride their bike several times a week. Only in bodybuilding are you supposed to only train legs once a week. It\u2019s BS.", "If you can\u2019t Squat three times a week, you\u2019re not overtrained. You\u2019re undertrained. You\u2019re in bad shape that\u2019s why you can\u2019t do it. Start light, let your body get used to it, and you\u2019ll be able to do it too.", "Can I do 5\u00d75 Deadlifts?", "You can do whatever you want. The question you should ask is whether that will get you better results. Will your Deadlift increase faster? And the answer to that is no.", "First, there\u2019s a big overlap in the muscles used on the big fives. Deadlifts are like half Squats. Rows strengthen your back. Presses strengthen your arms. Your whole body gets strong. So your Deadlift increases fine with only one heavy set of five. You don\u2019t need more. This has been proven.", "Two, you can lift heavier weights on Deadlifts than any other exercise. And each rep starts from a hard dead stop. Deadlifts are therefore more stressful. 5\u00d75 Deadlifts are harder to recover from than 5\u00d75 Squats. If you don\u2019t recover from all that stress, you can\u2019t get stronger. You fail and plateau.", "Three, you lack experience. People who do 5\u00d75 Deadlifts always come to their senses later. When you have to fight to get your 5\u00d75 on Squats, and fight to get your 5\u00d75 on presses, you don\u2019t want to end your workout with a 5\u00d75 Deadlift. You\u2019re happy to finish with one heavy set of five.", "If you like Deadlifts, warmup with sets of five like my app suggests. This give you more sets without the stress of sets across with the same weight. You won\u2019t hurt your recovery and plateau.", "Does StrongLifts 5\u00d75 work with Dumbbells?", "No. StrongLifts 5\u00d75 is a barbell program. The main idea is to add 2.5kg/5lb each workout. You can\u2019t do this with dumbbells because they usually go up by 2kg/5lb. This forces you to add 4kg/10lb per workout which is too much. You\u2019ll fail miss reps quickly, get frustrated, and fail to make progress.", "Even if you have dumbbells with smaller increments, you still can\u2019t Squat heavy. The hardest part is holding the dumbbells, not Squatting them. Let\u2019s say you\u2019re so storng you can Squat with 100lb in each hand. That\u2019s still only 200lb on your legs. I Squat double that with the bar.", "The point is that it\u2019s easier to lift heavier weights with barbells than dumbbells. That\u2019s why you\u2019ll get the best results by doing the main compound exercises with barbells. It will also give you the best progression because you can use smaller increments.", "This doesn\u2019t mean that dumbbells are useless. I like dumbbell exercises and do them. But I only use dumbbells for assistance exercises \u2013 like high rep dumbbell bench press at the end of my workout, after having done heavy Barbell Bench Press first. I don\u2019t substitute heavy barbell bench Press by dumbbell bench press.", "If you only have dumbbells or only want to use dumbbells, please do a specific dumbbell program.", "Does StrongLifts 5\u00d75 work with Machines?", "No. All the results of StrongLifts 5\u00d75 that I\u2019m promising only apply if you use free weight barbells. They do not apply if you lift inside a smith machine (bar attached to rails), weight-stacked machines, and other machines like the bowflex. Using those equipments inside of barbells will lead to inferior resuls and maybe injuries.", "The main benefit of using barbells over machines is this", "Barbells force you to balance the weight yourself. Machines balance the weight for you. The smith machine for example has the bar attached to rails. You don\u2019t need to balacnce it, the machine does. That means the machine is taking work away from your muscles. You want your muscles to do all the work when lifting weights. Because the more muscles work, and the harder they work, the stronger and more muscular you\u2019ll be.", "Barbells allow you to use natural movements. Because since the bar is not attached to rails, you can decide where the bar goes. With smith machines and other machines, the machine decides where the bar goes. This can force your body into unnatural movements that can injure your joints and lower back \u2013 especially once you start to go heavy.", "Back in 1999, when I started lifting, I trained mostly on machines for the first years. I did a lot of smith machine squats and chest machine press and all of that. One day the smith machine was taken, I decided to do free squats, and to my surprise I couldn\u2019t lift what I could lift on the smith machine. I couldn\u2019t balance the weight, it was heavier.", "I switched to free weights after that. Because that experience made me understand that free weights have to be superior to machines because the movement feels harder. It is harder because more muscles have to work to balance and lift the weight, since no machine is assisting you.", "If you want to do StrongLifts 5\u00d75, and you want to get the best results, use free weights. If your gym doens\u2019t have free weights, switch to another gym. I understand it may not be practical, but that is what I would do \u2013 because I want to train as efficiently as possible, and you need barbells for that.", "Some people don\u2019t care about efficient training, they don\u2019t care about getting the maximum strength and muscle they can. They just want to get a little \u201cfitter\u201d. To me that\u2019s boring. But if you\u2019re fine with then, then choose a machine-based program. Don\u2019t bastardize StrongLifts 5\u00d75 by using subpar equipment.", "What if my gym doesn\u2019t have barbells to do StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "What I would do is stop going to that gym, and go to a real gym. StrongLifts 5\u00d75 is a free weight, barbell training program. It uses barbells because that\u2019s the most effective way to get stronger. Machines, dumbbells, smith machines, cables, are not as effective and thus inferior solutions.", "You can be stubborn and use inferior equipment anyway. But your solution doesn\u2019t scale: you won\u2019t be able to progress like people using free weight barbells. You will fail reps sooner, especially if you use dumbbells. You\u2019ll get pains if you use smith machines because you\u2019ll struggle to squat and bench with proper form.", "Many people have been stubborn before you, and come around later. When you come around and decide to use free weight, you\u2019ll have to start from scratch. Because form is different when you have to balance the bar yourself. So you\u2019ll have to start light again to learn how to do exercises correctly.", "It\u2019s a big waste of your time. Just do it right from the get go. Cancel your gym membership, and go to a proper one. You paid for a year? They don\u2019t want refund you? Tell them to keep the money. Take your loss and join a proper gym anyway (I can\u2019t believe who will continue to go to a bad gym because they paid for a year \u2013 take your loss).", "If you insist on keep going to your gym, and use that bad equipment, then do another routine. I will not help you adapt StrongLifts 5\u00d75 to your equipment, because that would be ineffective and a waste of time. I hate wasting my time, so I\u2019m not going to help you waste yours. Come back when you have proper equipment and I\u2019ll be happy to help you then.", "How Can I Mix StrongLifts 5\u00d75 with Crossfit?", "StrongLifts 5\u00d75 is already a full training program. You should not mix it with another program. You need the rest days between StrongLifts 5\u00d75 workouts to get results. If you train on rest days, your body can\u2019t recover, and without recovery it can\u2019t get stronger and build muscle.", "So doing StrongLifts 5\u00d75 three times a week, and then Crossfit 5x/week won\u2019t work. Do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 three times a week, or do Crossfit 5x/week. If you insist on doing both, then do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 on mo/we/fr, and Crossfit Saturday \u2013 yes, only one Crossfit session.", "I\u2019ve never done Crossfit, but train in Crossfit gyms since I sold my home gym. Most casual Crossfitters I\u2019ve met should get stronger, build muscle and improve their form. You probably do too. So do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 for a few months, then go back to Crossfit \u2013 it will be easier.", "Should I take a week off StrongLifters 5\u00d75 every 8-12 weeks?", "No. The program is only 3 workouts per week. That means you\u2019re already getting four rest days a week. Add the extra rest days that most people take by skipping a workout here and there. And then consider the deloads once youstart failing reps. Rest is built into the program, and you\u2019re already get enough.", "Besides, a week off training is not going to make you stronger. It\u2019s going to cause detraining. The weight is going to feel heavier when you resume training, and your form will be off due to the lack of practice. You\u2019re going to lose strength and skill. So everything will be harder.", "If you want a break, then do a lighter week where you lift 10% less or only do two sets or only go to the gym twice, something like that. But don\u2019t stay at home doing nothing. That\u2019s just being lazy. Your workouts will be harder the week after which can make you lose motivation.", "Do I need a training partner for StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "No. I\u2019ve been training mostly alone since I started lifting in 1999. Most people will drag you down, so you\u2019re often better off alone.", "If you can find someone who has been lifting for some time, who has results to show for, who knows how to train properly, and lifts decent numbers\u2026 then I recommend you train with him. My early mentor was like that, and I learned a ton from him.", "Your best friend who want to start lifting with you is usually a bad training partner. He\u2019s a beginner like you, doesn\u2019t have any lifting knowledge or experience. He will be of no help. He can just drag you down by not showing up, complaining about how lifting is hard, implant bad ideas like let\u2019s skip today\u2019s workout, distracting you with other workouts, etc", "There\u2019s no question that you train better with a trainingpartner than alone. I\u2019ve had my best workouts with training partners. The problem is that good ones are hard to find. Most people just \u201cdon\u2019t have it\u201d. They won\u2019t push you train hard, won\u2019t motivate you, won\u2019t inspire you, won\u2019t add anything.", "That\u2019s why you are usually better off alone.", "Do I need a spotter to do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 safely?", "No. I\u2019ve lifted weights without spotter for the majority of the past 19 years.", "Spotters are no guarantee for safety. Most people don\u2019t know how to spot properly. Or they may not pay attention and fail to spot you when you miss reps. Even if you have a great spotter, your may not always be able to train together due to conflicting schedules.", "Power Racks are always available, and more reliable for Squats and Bench Press. You just set the safety pins at the proper height so that they can catch the weight when you fail. Done.", "For Deadlifts and Rows you don\u2019t need a spotter since you can\u2019t get stuck under the bar. If you can\u2019t lift it, just return the weight to the floor.", "You don\u2019t need a spotter for Overhead Press either. If you can\u2019t lift the weight overhead, you just return it to your shoulders and rack the bar.", "The bar will not fall on your head if you fail on the Overhead Press. The hardest part is the bottom \u2013 getting it from shoulders past your forehead. If you get past your head you can lock it out safely. If you can\u2019t get it past your forehead, you just return it to your shoulders and rack the weight.", "The one you stick to. It doesn\u2019t matter what time of the day is best. If you can\u2019t stick to it long-term, your program won\u2019t work. Train at the time that works best for you and your schedule.", "Most people train in the evening because they work nine to five. You may have to wait for the Power Rack to be free, which increases the time you spend in the gym. I never have this problem though as I just ask if I can train inbetween. I\u2019ve never been refused in 18 years of lifting.", "Some people avoid training on Monday and Tuesday. The gyms are always more crowded because people want to make up for pigging out on the weekend. But that means you\u2019ll have to train Saturday or Sunday. I prefer to have my weekend off so I usually train on Monday/Tuesday.", "You can try to get there before everyone else. Start work an hour or two earlier if you can. This way you can already leave around four and start lifting before the crowds arrives. This also prevents working out too late which can keep you up by raising your body temperature.", "Training in the morning is best if you have unpredictable work hours. Whatever happens the rest of the day, you already did your workout. You\u2019re more consistent because a longer work day no longer causes you to skip your workout. You progress better as a result.", "It\u2019s not easy though. You have to wake up earlier. Your gym has to be open early enough so you can get your workout in before work. The gym won\u2019t be crowded but that also means less or no spotters. And if you had a hard workout in the morning, you can feel tired afterwards and need a nap.", "Some people feel weaker in the morning. This is either from not sleeping properly the night before, or from not giving it enough time to adapt. I once Squatted around 400lb for 50 mornings in a row. While I do seem stronger in the afternoon/evening, it\u2019s not by much. You can do it.", "Eat before your morning workout so you can train harder. Keep the meal small so you don\u2019t feel sick while you lift. Eat at least 45min before going to the gym, first thing on waking up, so it can go down. If you don\u2019t have the time, have a protein shake instead \u2013 liquid food digests faster.", "Whatever time you choose, make it consistent. Choose the same days and times every week. This creates a habit that will pull you to the gym over time, instead of you pulling yourself there. It works even better if you workout right after or before work, so you go from one to the other.", "Note there is no maximum workout time. You don\u2019t have to finish within 45 minutes to avoid muscle breakdown. The idea behind that is to not do gazillions of exercises like some people. Take as much time as you need to do your exercises properly and get your reps.", "Should I workout if I\u2019m sick?", "I do. Now I\u2019m rarely sick because lifting weights boosts your immune system. I happens maybe three times a year. But I usually train anyway, don\u2019t feel much weaker, and feel better post workout.", "This is controversial. Some say you shouldn\u2019t stress your body more by lifting weights, so it can fight the sickness. Others say you should stay home to not make others sick. I say if I only trained when all was perfect, I wouldn\u2019t train much. Consistency is key and requires training when sick.", "The only exception is if you have the flu. I caught it years ago, tried to lift but was just weak. I spent the rest of the week in bed, sleeping most of the day. This is one of the rare times where I didn\u2019t train due to sickness. If you catch the flu, it\u2019s probably best to take several days off.", "But not if you have a cold, running nose, sore throat or mere headache. Just go. You\u2019ll probably feel better afterwards. Obviously clean the equipment when you\u2019re done if you train in a gym.", "How heavy you should lift depends on how you feel. Rule of thumb is to always go to the gym and try. If your warmup sets feels good, keep going. If they feel terrible, only do your warmup sets and call it a day. Or do one heavy set of five instead of the full five. And skip all the assistance/cardio.", "If you catch the flu and take a week off training, you\u2019ll have to lower the weight when you come back. Take 10% off on every exercise to deal with the strength loss. If you barely ate anything while you were sick, you\u2019ll probably need to take 20% or more off. You\u2019ll get the strength back quickly.", "What if I don\u2019t feel like lifting today?", "Lift anyway. It doesn\u2019t matter how you feel. Motivation is over-rated.", "If I waited to lift only when I felt like it or was motivated, I wouldn\u2019t train much. Now I do love lifting and enjoy it a lot. But there are plenty of times where the motivation isn\u2019t there. But the presence of motivation doesn\u2019t determine if I go to the gym or not. My schedule does: I have fixed days and times were I go to the gym. I don\u2019t deviate from it.", "To some people that sounds extreme. It doesn\u2019t sound like a big deal to skip today\u2019s workout. You can go tomorrow after all. But most people who think that way will not go tomorrow. Or the day after. Everyone who quit training, it started with one silly workout they skipped.", "I know this. And that\u2019s why I don\u2019t skip workout. That is also why I\u2019ve been so consistent since I started lifting in 1999.", "If you try this, you\u2019ll see that sometimes, you didn\u2019t feel like training, went to the gym anyway, and once you started Squatting, you become motivated. I think it\u2019s because you overcame that inertia, so know you start feeling good about it.", "Other times, it\u2019s just going to suck. That\u2019s fine. Just do your best. You\u2019ll notice that once you\u2019ve finished your workout, you\u2019ll be happy to have trained anyway. You\u2019re always happy to have gone in the gym afterwards.", "Fact is, feeling unmotivated doesn\u2019t mean you\u2019ll have a bad workout. Nor does feeling motivated guarantees you\u2019ll have a great workout.", "If you lack motivation over long periods of times (week, months), something is probably off with your training. But for day to day decision making about going to the gym, how you feel doesn\u2019t matter. Stick to your plan, and go.", "What if I\u2019m embarrassed to go the gym?", "Nobody cares about how much you lift. I\u2019ve been weak, now I\u2019m stronger, it doesn\u2019t make much difference. Most people mind their own business, and a lot of people don\u2019t understand what a 400lb Squat is anyway. I have friend who Squat over 700lb, and nobody bats an eye when they train in regular gyms.", "Now there may be the occasional jackass who may give you weird look or laughs from the corner. Screw him. You\u2019re going to go from empty bar to 100kg/220lb Squat within 3 months. You\u2019re going to end up Squatting more than him. Let him laugh and hope he\u2019ll remember you. You\u2019ll have the last laugh in three months.", "Yes I\u2019m telling you to use negative feelings to motivate you to change. Because I believe it\u2019s good to feel embarrassed and ashamed about being weak and skinny.I was embarrassed when I lost arm wrestling to all my friends in my teens. But that feeling of shame was what motivated me to take action and work on getting stronger.", "Just go, ignore the other people, follow the program. You\u2019ll get stronger.", "Should I lift if I\u2019m sore?", "Yes. It\u2019s counter-intuitive, but this will help getting rid of the soreness faster. By lifting again, you flush blood and nutrients to the sore muscles. This helps them recover faster.", "Most people will prefer to not lift when they\u2019re sore. They prefer to wait until the soreness is gone. But soreness doesn\u2019t mean the strength isn\u2019t there. And by not lifting, the soreness and discomfort will last longer. Plus you\u2019re skipping workouts which breaks consistency.", "Try it: go to the gym, warmup, and you\u2019ll see that the muscles will feel better. And make sure you didn\u2019t start too heavy. The first workouts should be easy. Don\u2019t make the mistake of starting with your max.", "Can I do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 every day?", "No. Because as explained above, your body needs rest days to recover from the stress of lifting weights. If you train every single day, your body doesn\u2019t get to rest properly for the next workout. After a while you\u2019ll start missing reps and fail to add weight each workout. That\u2019s when you\u2019ll start taking rest days anyway.", "Most people don\u2019t need to train every day to get results. You get plenty of results by training three times a week already. I\u2019ve been training since 1999 and don\u2019t train more than four times a week. You can get stronger and more muscular than most people with just three workouts a week.", "Impatience is bad when it comes to lifting. But if it\u2019s impatience that makes you want to do StrongLifts 5\u00d75 every day, then add more weight each workout instead. Use bigger increments of 5kg/10lb for a while. This will make you progress at double the rate, like when training every day, but while getting rest days between workouts.", "Can I do workouts for arms/ab/back/etc on off days?", "No, because then you\u2019re not getting any rest. Your body needs rest days as explained all over this guide. You need both workout AND rest days to get results on StrongLifts 5\u00d75. The program doesn\u2019t work if you don\u2019t get any rest \u2013 especially once the weights get really heavy, which they will quite fast.", "If you really want to add extra exercises for arms/abs, then do them at the end of your workout as described above. Your workouts will take slightly longer, but this way you have four rest days a week. If you don\u2019t have time to do them post-workout, then do those things on Saturday (assuming you train mo/we/fr). This way you have 3 full rest days.", "I have to start over due to bad form. How much weight do you suggest?", "Depends on what kind of technical errors you were making. In general:", "Range of motion errors \u2013 like you did a half Squat instead of breaking parallel. Correcting that means the same weight is going to be harder. Because it will travel a longer distance now. In these cases starting with about a third of what you were doing before is probably best (about 70kg if you were doing 100kg)", "Bad form \u2013 knees coming in on Squats or back rounding on Deadlifts, or using a too narrow/wide grip on bench/oh press. Sometimes you can fix these without lowering the weights. Try it. If you can\u2019t, then drop the weight by 20%, and slowly increase the weight again.", "You do not have to start from scratch with the empty bar! (unless you caught yourself using bad form 2-3 weeks in, and so your weights are still light). Only lower the weight as much as you need to be able to perform and maintain proper form.", "Can I Squat less deep if I think I\u2019m going to stall?", "No. The range of motion has to be the same on every rep, every set, every workout. Otherwise you don\u2019t know if you can lift more weight because you\u2019re getting stronger, or because you\u2019re using a different range of motion.", "The less deep you Squat, the easier it will be to Squat the weight because it travels a shorter distance. The minimum distance the bar must travel for the rep to be valid, is until your hips are lower than the top of your knees at the bottom of each Squat rep. You don\u2019t need to go lower than that. But you need to go at least that low.", "You do not have to Squat all the way down until your hips touch your ankles (ass-to-grass). If you were doing that, stop doing it, and progress will be easier for a few workouts. But you\u2019ll probably need to adjust your form a little, as it\u2019s going to feel different.", "What you don\u2019t do is turn your proper form, parallel Squats into half Squats. Nor do you start doing half bench presses when that gets hard, you continue to touch your chest on each rep and lock your elbows at the top. You use the same range of motion all the time.", "If you think you\u2019re going to stall, and you\u2019re afraid of failing reps, then consider it a fail, deload appropriately, and work your way back up.", "How should I train if I\u2019m traveling for work and only have access to hotel gyms?", "Most hotel gyms don\u2019t have barbells and power racks. They usually only have light dumbbells and tons of cardio equipment. StrongLifts 5\u00d75 doesn\u2019t work with dumbbells as already discussed \u2013 doing dumbbell Squats and Deadlifts is a plain waste of time. I hate wasting my time with less effecgtive stuff, so I\u2019d rather do nothing than that.", "Now I travel a lot, but never train in hotels. What I do is to go the local Crossfit. Most major cities have one. Crossfitters Squat and Deadlift like us. Their gyms are huge and have barbells/ and racks to Squat/Deadlift heavy. So I go to the local crossfit and train there.", "You don\u2019t have to join the Crossfit classes. Just go during open hours, and do your StrongLifts 5\u00d75 workout. Pay the daily drop-in rate and do your trianing. This way you\u2019re not skipping workouts, not doing subpar training that causes strength loss, you can just continue to progress.", "I\u2019ve been training only in Crossfit gyms since I sold my home gym in 2016, and it has worked great.", "What if I hate Squats/Rows/Bench/whatever?", "Usually, the exercise you hate is the one you should do the most. Whenever people hate an exercise it\u2019s because they\u2019re bad at it. They\u2019re weak at that exercise, or they can\u2019t figure out how to use proper form. So they want to substitute the exercise for an easier one \u2013 like Rows for dumbbell rows.", "The first problem with that is that you\u2019re never going to get good at that exercise if you don\u2019t do it. If you want to get good at that exercise, if you want better form, if you want to get stronger at it, you need to do that exercise more. A lot of strength depends on skill, and skills comes through deliberate practice.", "The second issue is it\u2019s the wrong way to deal with being stuck. Getting stronger is a linear process on paper where you simply add weight each workout. But in practice that journey is paved with lots of ups and downs. Plateaus are what causes those ups and downs.", "You hating that exercise because you can\u2019t figure out its form is your first plateau. You will encounter many other plateaus later because plateaus are part of strength training. How do you expect to push through future plateaus when you\u2019re giving up on the first one?", "Weakness and bad form are things you need to figure it out. You\u2019re not going to get anywhere if you can\u2019t figure out how to do a Squat. There\u2019s no substitute for this exercise. You either figure how to do it, or you waste your time with inferior exercises like a leg press or lunges.", "Of course if Bench Press keeps hurting your shoulders, then do close grip bench press instead. But try to at least figure out why it hurts. In many cases the issue is bad form. Most people never address that bad form but directly go for substitutions. That\u2019s just lazy.", "Will Smoking Hinder My Gains on StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "Probably not. I smoked for 10 years, and gained strength and muscle regardless. Then again, I was a weekend smoker. In the long run it\u2019s better for your health to quit smoking. Right now just start lifting. You don\u2019t have to fix everything at the same time.", "If you decide to quit later on, I recommend Allen Carr\u2019s Stop Smoking. Reading that book made me quit cold-turkey in 2006. I haven\u2019t touched a cigarette since then, and am glad I don\u2019t touch that crap anymore. I never liked it anyway.", "Will Alcohol Hinder My Gains on StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "Depends how much alcohol you\u2019re talking about.", "If you get drunk every night because you go out with colleagues after work, you\u2019re going to have a hard time the next day in the gym. Alcohol hurts sleep quality and dehydrates. You\u2019ll feel less motivated, struggle to train hard, and will feel weaker. It\u2019s very tempting to skip workouts with that kind of lifestyle.", "Guys also tend to eat junk food after drinking a lot of alcohol. That is on top of the massive amounts of sugar added to alcohol nowadays. None of that is helping you to build lean muscular body.", "One trick is to drink massive amounts of water before going to bed. This prevents dehydration from alcohol. You\u2019ll wake up to pee a lot, and will feel tired the next day. But at least you don\u2019t wake up with a headache and will be able to eat. That will make lifting easier after a night drinking.", "But the obvious solution here is to stop drinking so much. I rarely drink, and friends know. If I just met the guy and he doesn\u2019t know I don\u2019t drink, I just tell him I don\u2019t. I can have fun without. And then I don\u2019t drink. That\u2019s all the explanation I usually need.", "If you have the occasional drink here or there, alcohol is obviously not an issue. I rarely drink, but when I do it\u2019s one drink max.", "How to Convince my Friend to do StrongLifts 5\u00d75?", "Let your results do the talking. When you can Squat +100kg/220lb, and have gained several pounds of muscles, you\u2019ll get his attention. He\u2019ll want to know what you\u2019re doing, and give it a try so that he\u2019s not \u201cbeing left out\u201d.", "You can also send him the link to this guide, so that he can read himself.", "Is it okay to lift in cold weather?", "Yes. I trained in a cold garage for 12 years. My home gym was in the garage of my parents. Winters usually don\u2019t get colder than -10\u00b0 C (14\u00b0 Fahreheit) in Belgium. But my parent\u2019s garage was an old building and badly insulated. So whatever the temperature outside, was the temperature I had to lift in.", "The biggest challenge when it\u2019s cold, is that it\u2019s harder to motivate yourself to step in the cold and lift. Your inner voice is going to tell you to skip the workout. The way I dealt was to come home from work, dress warm, go to the gym, start lifting.", "Don\u2019t give yourself time to think by winding down after work first. You won\u2019t want to leave that warm environment after. Keep moving by lifting immediately after work.", "Dress warm to handle the cold. I would wear a woolen hat and gloves, thick pullover, and long paints. You\u2019ll need to warmup a little more to increase your body temperature. A 5min jog can help for that (I would just run a few circles in the garage).", "The bar will feel cold on your hand, which is why I would wear woolen gloves. Once the bar is warm from your body temperature, you can remove the gloves so you have better bar control. If you can, you can also keep the bar in your home where it\u2019s warm, and only take it out when it\u2019s time to lift.", "Usually by the time you\u2019ve warmed up for Squats and do your first warmup set, your body temperature should be high enough that you don\u2019t need the woolen hat and pullover anymore. I would often remove them for my set, then put it back on during sets.", "I\u2019m 35. Am I too old for this?", "I\u2019m 37. I\u2019m stronger and more muscular than in my 20s. I have less injuries thanks to smarter training and less ego. I haven\u2019t seen any issues related to now getting close to 40. I\u2019ve been lifting for 20 years now and plan to lift for the next 20 and more.", "If you\u2019re afraid of injuries, that can happen whatever age \u2013 make sure you warmup properly, and use proper form. If you\u2019re afraid of not making gains \u2013 you will make gains.", "It seems like some guys think they\u2019re too old for doing this. I think it\u2019s because you\u2019re doing this that you feel old. It\u2019s your old people thinking that cause old people behavior, that makes you feel old. Start lifting and you\u2019ll start feeling younger.", "What about stretching?", "Lifting weights doesn\u2019t decrease flexibility. This is a myth spread by people doing mostly isolation. Powerlifters and Olympic lifters have to be flexible otherwise they couldn\u2019t bring their hips below their knees when they Squat. Regularly doing Squats actually maintains flexibility.", "If you\u2019ve been sedentary for years, you might need to stretch. What you don\u2019t use, you lose. If you never move your muscles through a full range of motion, they tighten up. So you lose the ability to move properly which can cause bad form. Common examples include\u2026", "Tight hips prevent your knees to stay out when you Squat. This causes lower back rounding aka butt wink on Squats \u2013 which causes back pain. Stretching can help you keep your knees out so your spine stays neutral. It also helps breaking parallel more easily.", "Tight shoulders prevent you to lockout the bar over your shoulders on the Overhead Press. It has to stay in front which is harder. Your spine can compensate by arching to get the bar balanced over your shoulders. But this can cause lower back pain.", "Stretching can help you regain the mobility you lost. It can improve your technique if limited range of motion was causing bad form. This can eliminate nagging pains and help you lift heavier weights. After that, doing exercises like Squats with proper form help you maintain that flexibility.", "But stretching isn\u2019t always the solution for bad form. You do need proper mobility to Squat with your knees out. But you also need to control your muscles while you move so you achieve proper form. That control requires a conscious effort from your part, as well as strength.", "Stretching doesn\u2019t teach you to stay tight. You\u2019re not generating force like when you do heavy Squat. You\u2019re relaxing. So don\u2019t be surprised if your Squat doesn\u2019t improve despite starting yoga. You may regain lost range of motion, but you still have to Squat to improve your Squat technique.", "Stretch movements, not muscles. Compound exercises work several muscles at the same time. It therefore doesn\u2019t make sense to do stretches like toe-touches. That\u2019s the equivalent of an isolation exercise. Do stretches that work several muscles at the same time, like the Squat stretch.", "You can stretch pre-workout (I don\u2019t). But it doesn\u2019t replace your warmup. You still have to start with an empty bar and work your way up. This works better because you can practice proper form. It warms up your muscles and prepares you for the heavy weights using lighter weights.", "I mostly do the Squat Stretch (hips/ankles) and passive hangs (shoulders/spine). I do the former after Squats, the latter between sets. You don\u2019t need gazillions of exercises \u2013 keep it simple.", "Flexibility comes faster than strength. Stretching takes more work at first and can be uncomfortable. But if you do it consistently you\u2019ll improve in a matter of weeks. It takes less work after that as the exercises of StrongLifts 5\u00d75 will help you maintain flexibility.", "How to Deadlift with Proper Form: The Definitive Guide" ] } ], "selected_contents": [ [ false ], [ false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 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I will look it up just now", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077867 }, { "action": "Wizard => SearchAgent", "text": "types of gym outfits", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616077918 }, { "action": "SearchAgent => Wizard", "text": "", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.gq.com/story/how-to-dress-for-the-gym-according-to-women-survey", "title": "This Is What Women Want You to Wear the Gym GQ", "content": [ "How To Dress for the Gym, According to the Women Who Have to Look At You There", "\u00a9Warner Bros/Courtesy Everett Collection", "100 women told us which shorts, shirts, and shoes you should be sporting for your workouts.", "There's an excellent chance you're not putting the same amount of thought into how to dress for the gym as you do for a job interview, a wedding, even an average day at work. And why would you? You're going to work out to, well, work out. Your primary goal is sweat like a pig and lift as many heavy weights as you can until exhaustion (and the development of swole muscles and six packs, of course).", "But consider this: if you're a single guy looking to meet a lady, the gym is as good a place as any to do it (do not underestimate how sexy women find a man doing pushups). And even if you're already attached, a stylish man should want to be well-dressed no matter where he goes\u2014even while doing lat pulldowns. Unfortunately, gym clothes run the gamut from should-be-thrown-out tees to futuristic performance gear designed for pro athletes, but worn with conviction by that guy on the stair climber. So how do you, a regular man, pick something that'll make you look hot, feel comfortable, and avoid looking like you care more about your kicks than you do about your pecs?", "We can point out famous guys like David Beckham, Charlie Hunnam, and Jonah Hill who do it right, but those examples are nothing compared to the unfiltered opinions of 100 real-life women. So we reached out to them to find out what everyday women really think about your preference for tank tops and compression tights. Their answers will hopefully help you and men everywhere gain some new style insight and who knows, body confidence. One thing's for sure: these women wouldn't mind seeing some more skin fellas.", "The Shorts or Pants She Wants You to Wear", "It's a tie! Women liked the style of tapered sweatpants and the practicality (and coverage) of mesh shorts. There were however some hold outs for the shorter running shorts.", "What Women Liked (and Really Didn't Like) About These Bottoms:", "While mesh shorts are very practical, they often make guys look like....a tool? a doofus? a college student? probably that last one.", "I love a jogger pant on guys, I don't know why but they are sexy. It says, hey I'm a casual dude who can rock a sweat but I also recognize that no one wants to see me in week old sweats that I dropped nachos on while watching the game. The tapered sweat offers just the right mix of mystery and intrigue as to what is going on under there.", "Because tapered sweatpants look good on everyone. The rest of these items do not.", "As for not choosing the short shorts... I've been on the stretch mat. Some things I can't unsee.", "Stylish without having to see a dude's inner thigh or worse, a ball slip.", "Tapered sweatpants look great for your lifestyle, but are men who wear them to the gym actually working out?", "His junk won't fall out and you don't see awkward sweat stains.", "Sporty and long enough where not too much thigh is exposed.", "Most men would look okay in these. I am picking what I can stomach on men of all types and ages.", "Although I like tapered sweatpants, I think shorts would be a more reasonable choice for sweaty gym activities.", "These women are very down with short shorts:", "Hey, if you're objectifying my body in my yoga pants, I should get to have a little fun too.", "Always more thigh!!!", "Gams ...sexy sexy gams", "They look good on dudes with nice runner's legs. And built-in underwear is a jogger's (penis's) friend.", "The Shirt She Wants You to Wear", "Most women chose the workout-ready sweat-wicking T-shirt not only because it means less stink and visible sweating, but also because they prefer a plain old tee. That said, a number of them chose it for the muscle definition in the photo. Translation: trade your oversized tees for one that's more fitted.", "What Women Liked and Really Didn't Like About These Shirts:", "It was the only T-shirt option. I just really hate dudes in a tank tops and especially a muscle tee. Maybe I have Nick Viall PTS from this past season of The Bachelor, but the tank just doesn't do it for me. The long sleeve-r would actually be fine too, but the t-shirt is the winner for me.", "A high performance wicking tee hides gross armpit hair and male side boob, while looking sleek and professional .", "Probably smells the least.", "Just go for a plain tank or t-shirt unless you're, like, running a marathon, or doing something which ACTUALLY REQUIRES YOU TO WEAR PERFORMANCE CLOTHING.", "When I see someone wearing long sleeves at the gym, it makes me so uncomfortable \u2014 how are you not dying?? But a dude in a sleeveless top \u2014 no thanks.", "Can't we just have a regular short-sleeve tee as an option? I do not want to see armpit hair EVER so please don't bring 2 or 3 near a gym\u2014or my line of sight.", "No sweat stains. Also, muscle shirts that show nipple are a no.", "All of these are ok, but the long sleeve shirt has the most swag.", "You can see the body definition better.", "I don't particularly care about the moisture wicking, I just like the muscle definition.", "I'm pretty fine with any of these (save the muscle tee. Just...why?), but the long sleeve / short shorts combo gets my motor running for some reason.", "I love a good muscle tee under the right circumstances but a t-shirt is appropriate for post-gym activities and just as flattering.", "Because arms <3", "The Post-Workout Layer She Wants You to Wear", "The hooded sweatshirt took a whopping 61% of the vote. According to the women polled, it's sexy, looks chill and cozy, and is the thing she most wants to steal from your closet. Unsurprisingly women want you to wear something that feels good to hug.", "What Women Liked and Really Didn't Like About These Layers:", "I literally saw this option [sweatshirt] and said mmmmm daddy .", "I don't honestly have a strong opinion here...they're all fine. I would just most want to steal the sweatshirt so that's my pick.", "Track jackets are classic!", "Hoodies are peak sexy utilitarianism.", "Sweet and simple. But on a side note is anyone actually comfortable wearing a sweatshirt at the gym?", "You can't go wrong with a cozy hoody.", "No vests ever.", "Again, technical apparel is very attractive because other fabrics get so heavy with sweat. Plus, the gym is an activity where it should be all about you and your performance--not looking good for other people. Whatever makes you most comfortable!", "All of these are ok, but the sweatshirt is the most low key.", "Sucker for college hoodies-- nice talking point to start conversation.", "All guys look hot with a hoodie.", "\u00af_(\u30c4)_/\u00af in general, but vests are horrible on principle.", "Don't be a vest guy. Save that for retirement. Also, I'm not here at the gym to see your hip threads: keep your gym clothes clean for sure, but the point isn't to show off how much you spent on something you're going to sweat in.", "The Sneakers She Wants You to Wear", "The majority of women we surveyed were more concerned with your ankle support than how your sneakers look. Which accounts for the narrow lead Brooks has over Adidas here. But in the end, the Nike heritage sneakers were the best combination of form and function.", "What Women Liked and Really Didn't Like About These Sneakers:", "If you're running, wear running shoes. If you're lifting, don't wear running shoes. Jordans are hot if you're actually playing basketball. I'd be more turned off by a guy wearing inappropriate footwear than a guy wearing mildly dorky footwear.", "It takes a certain kind of guy to pull off an Air Jordan so I don't want him to wear them if he can't own them.", "The Ultraboost matches what I like to see guys in on the street.", "Old-school trainers look fly with that track jacket...", "Throwback shoes are the coolest, but you should wear whatever makes your feet feel the best.", "Actually have little preference here. A lot depends on what activity he's doing. I definitely judge when I see dudes lifting weights in running shoes.", "Whatever is best for your activity! Shoes are a personal thing. The Adidas look fly, though.", "I am a runner, so I like seeing people wearing legit running shoes and not just what looks the coolest.", "They are pretty and least clunky.", "They would offer the most support/they are the right equipment.", "Not #3 because my dad wears those to walk the dog.", "I'm always a little impressed by someone who goes beyond the typical navy/black/white sneaker in a way that's cute and stylish, not garish.", "The Gym Socks She Wants You to Wear", "Never underestimate women's opinions about everything you put on\u2014including socks. Most of our survey responders preferred the choice that is both unpretentious and functional. (Also: women find ankles sexy apparently)", "What Women Liked and Really Didn't Like About These Socks:", "Oh god, i mean, if you're wearing V\u00eatements socks at the actual gym, I will get mad at you. Regular socks are fine! Tube socks are kinda hot? I don't really care as long as they're clean. No second day socks.", "Serve me those calf socks daddy.", "The no-shows look the best with tapered sweatpants.", "Ankle socks mean business and comfort without distracting from your awesome kicks.", "I honestly couldn't care less what socks he works out in as long as they're not black.", "Men's socks are usually gross, the less you see of them the better. No shows aren't really practical for working out though.", "White gym socks are ugly. The less that's visible, the better.", "No show socks makes me think you're not wearing socks in your sweaty tennis shoes, and that grosses me out.", "High top socks are so fratty.", "Ankles are hot.", "I don't get the calf sock trend. Makes me think of a dad wearing socks and sandals", "I don't really Care. But ankle socks are weird.", "Some men don't have the calf muscle to keep the socks up!", "I hate high socks! Such a bro look.", "Obviously any dude wearing V\u00eatements socks is fashion savvy, but not stupid enough to spend a grand on V\u00eatements sweats. Respect.", "Your socks don't need to be fancy at the gym.", "My dad rocked calf socks, the affinity is beyond my control.", "Short shorts, calf socks, long sleeves, is it apparent that I have a thing for soccer players yet?", "The Gym Bag She Wants You to Carry", "If you already own a simple black backpack, you are in luck. The clear winner isn't technically a gym bag. Still, this North Face backpack looks nice and can be thrown in the wash to avoid smelling up your apartment. The leather duffle was by far the most contentious though. Women are not here for your fancy bag at the gym.", "What Women Liked and Really Didn't Like About These Bags:", "Love a dude with backpack. The others are ok but who uses a leather gym bag? That's just weird. It's like you're trying to do double duty with your briefcase and that's a no go. Number 4 is a really ugly color. I hate everything about this bag. I don't know why I'm having such a visceral reaction to it.", "I like a guy that keeps it simple for the gym and isn't trying too hard. We all know how gym clothes smell. Don't put them in your man purse.", "Oh, that's classy as hell. But, is that a sanitary option? I don't know.", "While a leather duffle is nice for the distinguished gentleman at the country club, hit the gym with a smart nylon duffle; it's easier to fold in tiny lockers.", "You MUST be able to wash your gym bag. Save the leather for carrying things that aren't drenched in sweat.", "Cool, sleek and functional.", "I think my husband has that exact bag <3", "Live your life with this one, bro.", "I love a book bag.", "I'm a sucker for the finance bro duffle...", "From old to young, fat to fit this bag feels like it could work.", "Seems the cleanest, like he might actually wash it once in awhile and it's not breeding foot fungi.", "I like it and would want to borrow it.", "Then the hands are free to help carry my stuff ;)", "Why would you bring leather to the gym? And 4 is a very sad bag.", "There's no need for the ostentatious leather bag, nor should you go in the opposite direction with the farmer's market tote. A simple sleek backpack\u2014or a simple, two-tone duffle\u2014is perfectly suitable for a gym look.", "The Winning Outfit", "Sweat pants: Nike, $60, buy now at store.nike.com", "Shorts: Champion, $25, urbanoutfitters.com", "Sneakers: Nike for J.Crew, $70, buy now at jcrew.com", "Socks: Adidas, $14, buy now at adidas.com", "T-Shirt: Under Armour, $18.74, underarmour.com Hoodie: Todd Snyder, $178, buy now at toddsnyder.com", "Backpack: The North Face, $79, buy now at endclothing.com", "The Rock Picks His Next Great Role" ] }, { "url": "https://www.shape.com/fitness/clothes/10-fitness-fabrics-explained", "title": "The Best Workout Material to Look for When Buying", "content": [ "10 Fitness Fabrics, Explained", "Your workout clothes do more than make you look good: wearing the right material can also increase the efficiency of your sweat sesh", "workout clothes,", "Bamboo pulp yields a natural fabric that\u2019s light, breathable, and moisture-wicking\u2014it also protects your skin from ultraviolet rays. \u201cIt feels insanely soft, repels odors, regulates your temperature, and is UPF 50+,\u201d says Tasc Performance designer, Sarah Chase. Tasc Performance and other brands blend chemical-free bamboo with organic cotton, wool, and spandex to make workout clothes like the Nola Crop Hex Print ($58; tascperformance.com) and Cruisin\u2019 1/4-Zip ($68; tascperformance.com). \u201cBamboo is the Swiss Army Knife of performance fabrics,\u201d says Tasc. \u201cYou could run a marathon, then go to spin class, then run errands, and you\u2019ll stay fresh, dry, and sun-protected.\u201d", "RELATED: The Treadmill Move That Will Tone Your Thighs", "Photo: Tasc Performance", "In the battle between cotton and polyester, cotton wins the whiff test. A recent Belgian study found that it gives off less post-workout stench than polyester because synthetic fabrics allow stink-causing bacteria to thrive. But don\u2019t head to spin class in a cotton tee just yet. Cotton absorbs moisture, potentially making you feel like a dishrag during a hard-charging workout. Still, for yoga, weight training, or other low-sweat activities, go with clothes made from cotton blends\u2014like the Anue Dasha Racerback ($48; newbalance.com) in Pima cotton and spandex.", "Photo: Anue Studio Apparel", "When you\u2019re running, biking, or doing another outdoor activity, you need protection from the elements. No wonder so much outside gear\u2014everything from running shoes such as Brooks Adrenaline ASR 11 GTX ($150; brooksrunning.com) to jackets like the MYTHOS 2.0 GORE-TEX Active Lady Jacket ($260; goreapparel.com)\u2014is made with it. This synthetic membrane coats regular fabrics, making it waterproof and windproof yet allows skin to breathe. \u201cWater from the outside doesn t penetrate, cold wind does not pass through, and perspiration can escape,\u201d says Cindy Otto Woods, North America product champion for Gore Bike Wear and Gore Running Wear.", "Photo: Gore Running Wear", "Famously used to make women\u2019s stockings, the synthetic fabric is soft as silk, mildew resistant, and dries quickly. It\u2019s also breathable and wicks sweat from your skin to the fabric\u2019s surface, where it can evaporate. You\u2019ll find nylon in all kinds of sportswear, like the lucy activewer Sculpting Tank ($65; lucy.com) and Pocket Capri Legging ($79; lucy.com), both made with 87 percent nylon. \u201cIt can stand up to even the sweatiest of workouts,\u201d says Isabelle de la Fontaine, lucy product director. \u201cIt also has tremendous stretch and recovery, so your pants move with you.\u201d", "Photo: lucy activewear", "Polyester is the workhorse of the workout fabrics, the one you see on labels most often. Basically plastic cloth, it\u2019s durable, wrinkle-resistant, lightweight, breathable, and non-absorbent, which means that moisture from your skin evaporates instead of being drawn into the material. Polyester also repels UV rays and insulates you even when it\u2019s wet. That\u2019s why companies like New Balance use polyester in warm-weather wear like the tennis Tournament Dress ($80; newbalance.com) and cold-weather products like the Chameleon Jacket ($150; newbalance.com), which are both 90 percent polyester.", "Polyester\u2019s main drawback: the stink factor. Synthetic material can foster bacteria growth, and it also doesn\u2019t dry quite as quickly as polypropylene or nylon.", "RELATED: Fashionable and Functional Fall Workout Gear", "Photo: New Balance", "Like polyester, polypropylene is made from plastic. But unlike polyester, this synthetic material is totally water-resistant, says Lauren Hallworth, product line manager for Brooks Running apparel. \u201cEven if you\u2019re sweaty after a run and the outside of the shirt is wet, what\u2019s touching you is completely dry,\u201d says Hallworth. \u201cIt\u2019s great as a base layer.\u201d Polypropylene forces moisture to pass through its fibers, expelling it to the fabric\u2019s surface where it can evaporate. Brooks Running uses polypropylene to make tops like the Equilibrium Base LS II ($75; brooksrunning.com) and PureProject Seamless Tank II ($55; brooksrunning.com).", "Photo: Brooks Running", "Spandex\u2014also known by the brand name Lycra\u2014puts the stretch in workout wear. The synthetic fabric can expand to nearly 600 percent of its size, offers an unrestricted range of motion, and then snaps back in place. Spandex is also breathable, wicks moisture, and dries quickly. Now you know why it\u2019s a staple in form fitting exercise clothes. Some Spandex products, like Oakley\u2019s O-Form fabric, feature something called four-way stretch. Says Stacy Dye, Oakley\u2019s global product director: \u201cThe key benefits of O-Form are freedom of movement; less chafing; maximum comfort; and antibacterial and moisture-wicking powers.\u201d You\u2019ll find spandex four-way stretch in bottoms like Oakley\u2019s En Route Round 2 Short ($50; oakley.com) and tops like the Oakley Energy Tank with built-in bra ($65; oakley.com).", "Photo: Oakley", "Similar to bamboo, TENCEL is made from wood pulp. But TENCEL contains tiny fibrils, or small hairs, that give the fabric sweat-wicking properties and a luxurious texture. \u201cTextiles made from TENCEL are softer than silk and cooler than linen,\u201d says Stacy Dye, Oakley\u2019s global product director. Plus, Tencel is biodegradable, breathable, and resistant to wrinkles. TENCEL is in form-fitting items like the Oakley Stride Tech Tank ($45; oakley.com), which is super strong yet baby-soft.", "A staple for hikers, wool is like nature\u2019s performance fabric. The material creates pockets that trap air, so it\u2019s fantastic at regulating heat and keeping your body warm. It\u2019s also breathable and wicks moisture. Bonus: the lightweight fibers don\u2019t retain odors. You\u2019ll find wool in everything from socks and underwear to fashion-forward fitness gear like the Nike Wool and Sheer Women\u2019s Training Top ($95; nike.com) and Nike Dri-FIT Wool Women\u2019s Henley Shirt ($80; nike.com), both 65 percent wool. Nike blends wool with its signature Dri-FIT polyester for excellent insulation and moisture protection.", "Photo: Nike", "The secret weapon that keeps X-STATIC, from stinking after a workout: silver. The fabric is woven with this heavy metal, which is an antimicrobial that prevents bacterial and fungal growth. Now, brands like Brooks Running, The North Face, and Lululemon Athletica are using silver in their own products. Says Tara Poseley, chief product officer for lululemon athletica: \u201cIt will never wash out or stop working.\u201d Silverescent will keep items like the Run Away Tee ($68; lululemon.com) and Run Swiftly Tech Racerback ($48; lululemon.com) fresh and stench-free forever." ] }, { "url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Choose-the-Right-Workout-Clothes", "title": "How to Choose the Right Workout Clothes 10 Steps with", "content": [ "\u00bb Clothes by Type", "In this Article:Selecting fabric typeGetting the clothing to fit wellChoosing clothingWearing the workout clothingCommunity Q&AReferences", "While many people want to look good while they exercise, your workout clothes should be less about fashion and more about comfort and fit. What you wear can impact the success of your workout. Some forms of exercise, such as biking and swimming, will require specific pieces of clothing. For general workouts, it is best to wear something that fits well and keeps you cool. Choose the right workout clothes by considering fabric, fit and comfort.", "Selecting fabric type", "Choose a fabric that provides wicking. Look for a synthetic fiber that will allow your skin to breathe by wicking--drawing the sweat away from your body. This will help keep your body cool while you exercise. Polyester, Lycra and spandex work well.", "Look for clothing that is made from polypropylene. Some lines of workout clothing will contain COOLMAX or SUPPLEX fibers, which can help you manage your body temperature.", "Wear cotton if you do not anticipate sweating a lot. Cotton is a soft, comfortable fiber that works well for light workouts, such as walking or stretching. When cotton becomes sweaty, it can feel heavy and cling to your body, so it would not work well for more intense or aerobic activities.", "Choose good brand clothes with specific workout technology (not just a generic polyester). Reputable brand clothes such as Nike Dri-Fit are generally of a higher quality than a generic brand.", "Getting the clothing to fit well", "Pay attention to fit. Depending on your own body image and personal style, you may prefer workout clothing that is loose, and covers most of your body. Or, you might want to wear fitted outfits that allow you to see your muscles and curves as you exercise.", "Tailor your attire to the specific activity. If you are running or biking, do not wear long pants that might cause you to trip or get stuck in the pedals. For yoga and Pilates practitioners, avoid clothing that will not move with you during different poses.", "Incorporate supportive undergarments into your workout wardrobe. Women should look for a good sports bra that offers support and flexibility, and men will want to look for a protective cup if they are playing contact sports as part of their workouts.", "Choose clothes that you find attractive. While function and fit are the most important elements, you want to feel good while you are exercising, otherwise you might be tempted to cut your workout short.", "Choose clothes according to your needs. Men can wear shorts with t-shirts for workout and women can wear leggings with tops and t-shirts for comfortable workout. People who don\u2019t like shorts can wear workout pants or flair pants for workout in gym.", "For winter season you can use to wear full sleeve t-shirts or sweatshirts for workout which helps to keep body warm and give enough comfort.", "Buy a few pairs of branded workout clothes in different colors for routine. Don\u2019t use to wear same color daily. Also buy a pair of good sports shoes for workout. You will feel more active in shoes and they also protect your feet from injuries. Buy few pairs of cotton socks.", "Wearing the workout clothing", "Layer your workout clothes during colder months. If you exercise outdoors, you will want to add a few layers of clothing during the winter, and even during fall and spring if you workout in the early mornings or late evenings. Wear items you can easily discard as your body temperature heats up during your workout.", "Wear the appropriate footwear. Runners, tennis players and trainers will want to choose a workout shoe that protects their bodies and boosts performance. Make sure you wear a comfortable athletic shoe that supports your feet and ankles.", "What natural fabrics are ideal when exercising?", "Cotton is usually the best, as it soaks up moisture very well and lets the skin breathe more than other fabrics.", "Do I need to wear Jetties while exercising?", "You can. You could wear any sneaker from adidas, nike, under armour, etc.", "Should I wear tight but flexible clothes or loose and comfortable clothes?", "Mrsdanielhowell", "Form-fitting clothes are the best. Baggy clothes restrict movement and may get caught on equipment.", "Where can I buy cheap workout attire?", "Try going to Under Armour, Nike, or Adidas outlets.", "What s the specifications for swimwear?", "Remember to use accessories that will help your workout. Wristbands are helpful for tennis players to wipe away sweat. Swimmers might use goggles and runners might need hats or sunglasses if they run during the day.", "Make sure about your proper size of tank top, muscle shirt, T-shirt, pants and shoes.", "Avoid wearing your casual, every day clothing during your workout. Items such as jeans, sweaters and sandals will prevent you from working out safely and effectively.", "Do not wear excessive jewelry when you exercise. Anything dangling from your neck or wrist runs the risk of snagging on a piece of equipment, or falling off your body.", "Choose Cold Weather Fitness Clothing", "Dress for Skiing", "Frame a Jersey", "Dress Professionally As a Lifeguard", "Refashion Old Gym Clothes (Girls)", "Wear Jerseys", "Choose the Right Sunglasses for Your Sport", "Select Winter Workout Clothes", "http://www.fitness-diet.becomegorgeous.com/exercises/choose_proper_workout_clothes-2094.html", "http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=55673", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/fitness/choosing-workout-clothes.aspx", "Categories: Sports Clothing", "Espa\u00f1ol: escoger la ropa adecuada para hacer ejercicio, Portugu\u00eas: Escolher as Roupas Certas para o Treino" ] }, { "url": "https://www.womenshealthmag.com/fitness/a19962221/what-not-to-wear-to-the-gym/", "title": "7 Things You Should Never Wear To The Gym", "content": [ "7 Things You Should Never Wear To The Gym", "Your aching boobs and chafing thighs will thank you.", "BraunSGetty Images", "You know when people say \u201cdress for success\u201d? Yeah, that\u2019s not just about the office. What you wear to the gym 100 percent affects your performance.", "That 10-year-old sports bra, or cotton T you ve had since middle school, can actually make working out feel harder, and even wreak havoc on your body.", "Here s what you should chuck from your workout wardrobe, stat:", "1. 100% Cotton Clothes", "Sure, research shows that cotton clothes stink less than synthetic fabrics, but \u201ccotton literally absorbs every ounce of sweat, which makes you you feel like you\u2019re wearing a wet towel,\u201d says Chad Moeller, a certified personal trainer.", "The more moist clothing is, the more likely bacteria will grow\u2014especially if you\u2019re wearing it for long periods of time, says Navya Mysore, M.D., a physician at One Medical in New York. And \u201cif any open areas of skin are exposed to bacteria-filled workout clothes, it can lead to a fungal infection at the site,\u201d she explains. Instead of cotton, opt for sweat-wicking fabrics made for exercise.", "2. Worn-Out Sneakers", "There\u2019s a general rule of thumb that you should wear your sneakers for about 300 miles before replacing them. But if you\u2019re not tracking miles, it can be tough to figure out just how much work you\u2019ve put your gym shoes through.", "More On Sneakers", "13 Sneakers That Are Perfect For Cross-Training", "\u201cYou know your sneakers are too old when the treads or designs on the bottom start to wear out,\u201d says Jasmine Marcus, a physical therapist in Ithaca, NY.", "\u201cIf the bottoms are flattening in areas and you can no longer see the design of the tread\u201d\u2014not to mention, if there are holes by the toes, or any other obvious signs of total disrepair\u2014\u201cit s time to get new sneakers.\u201d", "The problem with old shoes? They provide less cushioning and shock absorption, says Marcus, and as the bottoms get worn down, it can throw off the alignment of your feet and, as a result, your knees and hips.", "3. Regular Bras or Stretched-Out Sports Bras", "For the love of your breasts, do not wear a regular bra to the gym. Saggy old sports bras with stretched-out elastic are a bad idea, too. \u201cIf you\u2019re not wearing a sufficiently supportive bra to work out, bounce isn\u2019t the only thing you have to worry about,\u201d says Darria Long Gillespie, M.D., a clinical assistant professor at the University of Tennessee School of Medicine. \u201cIf you have a moderate to large chest, the movement can lead to upper back and shoulder pain post-workout.", "Not to mention, it can cause the breast tissue to stretch, damaging it and increasing your chances for sagging in the future, says Gillespie.", "If you\u2019re too nervous to leave your jewelry in the locker room, leave it at home\u2014it\u2019s a no-go on the gym floor. Let\u2019s start with necklaces: \u201cIf you re running with a long pendant, I hope you enjoy it beating against your chest and smacking you in the face, or getting tangled with your earbuds or the elliptical arms,\u201d says Angel Stone, a NASM-certified personal trainer.", "And you might think rings are fine, but \u201cwearing them while you lift could affect your grip on the weights and pose a serious risk if the weight slips out of your hand,\u201d she says. \u201cAlso, the pressure of a weight against your ring can cause deep indentations and even break the skin. And remember, a 25-pound weight can easily dent the metal or scratch the stone.\u201d", "5. Too-Tight Clothes", "Compression clothing, which is designed to allow movement while compressing the muscles, is fine. But clothing that\u2019s a size too small or too tight in any way? That can do more harm than good.", "Always Get Holes In Your Leggings? Try This Fix", "20 Best Leggings With Pockets", "The Best Workout Pants for Every Type of Exercise", "\u201cClothing should not be so tight that it restricts movement\u2014like shorts or leggings that make it impossible for you to bend over or descend into a full squat or shirts that keep you from raising the arms overhead,\u201d says Robert Herst, a certified personal trainer and powerlifter.", "\u201cAlso, clothing should not be so tight that it restricts circulation.\u201d Too-small pants can cause leg cramps, while tight sports bras can actually constrict your breathing, says Mysore. Restrictive shorts can cause chafing on the inner thighs, which can even lead to infection.", "6. Super-Baggy Clothes", "\u201cYou don t want to hide the body, because your trainer or instructor needs to see it to asses you, says Conni Ponturo, the founder of Absolute Pilates Upstairs in Woodland Hills, CA. Is the spine elongated, are the abdominals engaged, are the ribs poking out, are you overworking the wrong muscles?\u201d", "She adds: \u201cExercise clothes today are made to help the body move in a better way,\u201d so find an outfit that actually fits you, and that you feel awesome in\u2014looking good is just a bonus.", "7. A Face Full of Makeup", "This should really go without saying, but \u201cmakeup has its time and place, and the gym is not one of them,\u201d says Joshua Zeichner, M.D., director of cosmetic and clinical research in dermatology at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. \u201cWhen you sweat, dirt and oil can build up under makeup, which leads to irritation, and promotes acne breakouts.\u201d", "And so begins a vicious cycle, in which you wear more makeup to cover up the blemishes caused by wearing makeup. Ugh. \u201cIf your goal is actually work out at the gym, it\u2019s best to go with a freshly washed face wearing nothing besides a light sunscreen,\u201d says Zeichner.", "More From Activewear Week", "The Best Sports Bra For Every Bust Size", "13 Best Yoga Brands For 2019", "What Your Activewear Style Says About You", "How Often You Actually Need To Wash Gym Clothes", "Gabi Fresh: Plus-Size Women Need More Options", "The 8 Best High Impact Sports Bras Of 2019", "Anna Victoria On Feeling Unsure In Workout Clothes", "Activewear Week", "7 Things You Should Never Ever Do in a Fitness Class", "9 Pieces of Workout Clothes You ll Definitely Want to Wear Outside the Gym", "Would You Wear Gym Clothes to Work?", "7 At-Home Remedies You Should NEVER Try", "Found: The Best Eyeliner to Wear to the Gym" ] }, { "url": "https://wittysparks.com/right-workout-clothes-gym-wear/", "title": "Which types of clothes we should wear during a workout", "content": [ "Health Gym Clothing \u203a Gym Wear \u203a Workout Clothes \u203a Workout Clothing", "Which types of clothes we should wear during a workout?", "February 7, 2019 Nishitha", "https://wittysparks.com/right-workout-clothes-gym-wear/", "The best way to workout is to wear suitable gym wear / workout clothes that is designed to make your exercise and working-out process as comfortable as possible!", "After you get into a strenuous workout session, you ought to feel tired, exhaust, painful, extraordinary and along with it, you may be covered with sweat. Believe it or not, the reason behind all this can be your clothes. The type of clothes you wear might absorb sweat and result in bad odour and wet body caused by sweat.", "Choose workout-friendly clothes can help you in making a difference in how you feel after exercise. There are several factors that can influence how comfortable your workout clothes are, including what is the fabric they\u2019re made of and deciding whether the clothes you have chosen is right for the type of exercise you\u2019re doing or not.", "To solve your problem, Decathlon and Snapdeal offer you great gym wear that will be perfect for you doing any type of exercise. Choose from a wide range of assortment and practice the best exercise without feeling tired or sweaty.", "1 There are THREE things that you must consider before buying workout wear!", "1.1 1. Pick a good Fabric", "1.1.1 Think to the wick.", "1.1.2 Consider cotton.", "1.1.3 Stay away from fabrics that don\u2019t respire.", "1.2 2. Get the Right Fit and Size", "1.3 Change Your Clothes in the Seasons", "1.3.1 Hot weather.", "1.3.2 Cold weather.", "1.3.3 Wet or windy weather.", "There are THREE things that you must consider before buying workout wear!", "1. Pick a good Fabric", "Care your Workout Clothes", "While going at the gym and choosing to wear gym wear, it is essential to look after the fabric of the cloth i.e. it should easily pull sweat away from skin. Some fabrics are designed to pull sweat away from your skin during exercise and others absorb it. So, while choosing the fabric, you can consider the following features in the cloth. Consider shopping from an online store and use special Decathlon voucher code for getting some branded gym wear at very affordable prices.", "Also Read: Meet the Real Life Sleeping Beauty - suffers from rare syndrome!", "Think to the wick.", "There are many breathable artificial fabrics that might \u201cwick\u201d the fret away from your body and helps in evaporating it quickly and keep your body cool and composed. These are a special type of gym wear that is made from fabrics containing polypropylene or fabrics such as COOLMAX\u00ae and SUPPLEX\u00ae. When you find these two features in the cloth then it can be a good option to buy when you are performing any exercise that produces a lot of sweat without soaking and leaving you to feel sweaty and uncomfortable.", "Consider cotton.", "Opt cotton material shirts and pants that can absorb the sweat without pulling it away from your skin and help to easily get evaporate. The cotton gym wear can also make you feel heavy and wet when you workout hard.", "Stay away from fabrics that don\u2019t respire.", "Avoid choosing the dress made from rubber or plastic base material as it keeps sweat away from evaporating and keeping your body temperature high during a workout.", "2. Get the Right Fit and Size", "Wear the right Workout Clothes while exercising", "Next essential thing that you must consider is that your clothes should be of your perfect size and easily adjustable. To ensure that the clothes you are choosing is your right size or not, consider shopping from a reputed online store and grab unique Snapdeal coupon code for shopping in the budget. Look here a few tips while shopping your desired fit.", "Choose to wear a cloth that is loose, comfortable, and relaxed. But if you are doing a dynamic exercise like running or biking, and then avoid loose wide-leg pants that could get twisted up while running the pedals or your feet.", "While performing activities like yoga or Pilates, choose elastic and built-in fabrics that can easily take away sweat.", "In broad-spectrum, remember that you don\u2019t choose clothing that comes in between the activity you are doing.", "Also Read: Click-in To The World Of Digital Health", "Change Your Clothes in the Seasons", "Wear the right workout clothese in the right weather.", "If you do more of outdoor exercise and play different sports then consider opting different gym wear for different seasons. With these tips below, you can easily know how to dress for outdoor exercise:", "During summer seasons, opt for fabrics that let your skin to breathe and wick sweat away. Get dressed up in cool and comfortable clothes that allow you to move liberally.", "During the winter season, you may require a warmer cloth that\u2019ll keep you cosy and you can easily exercise and boost your heart rate with optimum body temperature.", "Wet or windy weather.", "During windy weather, it is common that your outdoor workout might get ruin faster than getting soaked in the rain or trapped in a strong wind. Instead, choose an outer layer cloth that can easily protect your skin from the rudiments.", "With the above three options for both men and women, hope you can easily get right workout wear for yourself. Just remember that sweating is common in working out, no matter what is the weather and how comfortable clothing you are wearing.", "Why taking a maternity insurance plan is a wise decision?", "The Basics of Preventing a Recurrent Sports Injury", "Previous Post7 Reasons to Choose Ruby on Rails for Start-up Web DevelopmentNext PostHow to Protect Yourself from Identity Theft Online" ] } ] }, "timestamp": null }, { "action": "Wizard => Apprentice", "text": "How many gym outfits have you bought? It's important to wear the right material while working out. They all have pros and cons. For example cotton wins the whiff test over polyester. But cotton absorbs more moisture so you feel sweatier working out.", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.gq.com/story/how-to-dress-for-the-gym-according-to-women-survey", "title": "This Is What Women Want You to Wear the Gym GQ", "content": [ "How To Dress for the Gym, According to the Women Who Have to Look At You There", "\u00a9Warner Bros/Courtesy Everett Collection", "100 women told us which shorts, shirts, and shoes you should be sporting for your workouts.", "There's an excellent chance you're not putting the same amount of thought into how to dress for the gym as you do for a job interview, a wedding, even an average day at work. And why would you? You're going to work out to, well, work out. Your primary goal is sweat like a pig and lift as many heavy weights as you can until exhaustion (and the development of swole muscles and six packs, of course).", "But consider this: if you're a single guy looking to meet a lady, the gym is as good a place as any to do it (do not underestimate how sexy women find a man doing pushups). And even if you're already attached, a stylish man should want to be well-dressed no matter where he goes\u2014even while doing lat pulldowns. Unfortunately, gym clothes run the gamut from should-be-thrown-out tees to futuristic performance gear designed for pro athletes, but worn with conviction by that guy on the stair climber. So how do you, a regular man, pick something that'll make you look hot, feel comfortable, and avoid looking like you care more about your kicks than you do about your pecs?", "We can point out famous guys like David Beckham, Charlie Hunnam, and Jonah Hill who do it right, but those examples are nothing compared to the unfiltered opinions of 100 real-life women. So we reached out to them to find out what everyday women really think about your preference for tank tops and compression tights. Their answers will hopefully help you and men everywhere gain some new style insight and who knows, body confidence. One thing's for sure: these women wouldn't mind seeing some more skin fellas.", "The Shorts or Pants She Wants You to Wear", "It's a tie! Women liked the style of tapered sweatpants and the practicality (and coverage) of mesh shorts. There were however some hold outs for the shorter running shorts.", "What Women Liked (and Really Didn't Like) About These Bottoms:", "While mesh shorts are very practical, they often make guys look like....a tool? a doofus? a college student? probably that last one.", "I love a jogger pant on guys, I don't know why but they are sexy. It says, hey I'm a casual dude who can rock a sweat but I also recognize that no one wants to see me in week old sweats that I dropped nachos on while watching the game. The tapered sweat offers just the right mix of mystery and intrigue as to what is going on under there.", "Because tapered sweatpants look good on everyone. The rest of these items do not.", "As for not choosing the short shorts... I've been on the stretch mat. Some things I can't unsee.", "Stylish without having to see a dude's inner thigh or worse, a ball slip.", "Tapered sweatpants look great for your lifestyle, but are men who wear them to the gym actually working out?", "His junk won't fall out and you don't see awkward sweat stains.", "Sporty and long enough where not too much thigh is exposed.", "Most men would look okay in these. I am picking what I can stomach on men of all types and ages.", "Although I like tapered sweatpants, I think shorts would be a more reasonable choice for sweaty gym activities.", "These women are very down with short shorts:", "Hey, if you're objectifying my body in my yoga pants, I should get to have a little fun too.", "Always more thigh!!!", "Gams ...sexy sexy gams", "They look good on dudes with nice runner's legs. And built-in underwear is a jogger's (penis's) friend.", "The Shirt She Wants You to Wear", "Most women chose the workout-ready sweat-wicking T-shirt not only because it means less stink and visible sweating, but also because they prefer a plain old tee. That said, a number of them chose it for the muscle definition in the photo. Translation: trade your oversized tees for one that's more fitted.", "What Women Liked and Really Didn't Like About These Shirts:", "It was the only T-shirt option. I just really hate dudes in a tank tops and especially a muscle tee. Maybe I have Nick Viall PTS from this past season of The Bachelor, but the tank just doesn't do it for me. The long sleeve-r would actually be fine too, but the t-shirt is the winner for me.", "A high performance wicking tee hides gross armpit hair and male side boob, while looking sleek and professional .", "Probably smells the least.", "Just go for a plain tank or t-shirt unless you're, like, running a marathon, or doing something which ACTUALLY REQUIRES YOU TO WEAR PERFORMANCE CLOTHING.", "When I see someone wearing long sleeves at the gym, it makes me so uncomfortable \u2014 how are you not dying?? But a dude in a sleeveless top \u2014 no thanks.", "Can't we just have a regular short-sleeve tee as an option? I do not want to see armpit hair EVER so please don't bring 2 or 3 near a gym\u2014or my line of sight.", "No sweat stains. Also, muscle shirts that show nipple are a no.", "All of these are ok, but the long sleeve shirt has the most swag.", "You can see the body definition better.", "I don't particularly care about the moisture wicking, I just like the muscle definition.", "I'm pretty fine with any of these (save the muscle tee. Just...why?), but the long sleeve / short shorts combo gets my motor running for some reason.", "I love a good muscle tee under the right circumstances but a t-shirt is appropriate for post-gym activities and just as flattering.", "Because arms <3", "The Post-Workout Layer She Wants You to Wear", "The hooded sweatshirt took a whopping 61% of the vote. According to the women polled, it's sexy, looks chill and cozy, and is the thing she most wants to steal from your closet. Unsurprisingly women want you to wear something that feels good to hug.", "What Women Liked and Really Didn't Like About These Layers:", "I literally saw this option [sweatshirt] and said mmmmm daddy .", "I don't honestly have a strong opinion here...they're all fine. I would just most want to steal the sweatshirt so that's my pick.", "Track jackets are classic!", "Hoodies are peak sexy utilitarianism.", "Sweet and simple. But on a side note is anyone actually comfortable wearing a sweatshirt at the gym?", "You can't go wrong with a cozy hoody.", "No vests ever.", "Again, technical apparel is very attractive because other fabrics get so heavy with sweat. Plus, the gym is an activity where it should be all about you and your performance--not looking good for other people. Whatever makes you most comfortable!", "All of these are ok, but the sweatshirt is the most low key.", "Sucker for college hoodies-- nice talking point to start conversation.", "All guys look hot with a hoodie.", "\u00af_(\u30c4)_/\u00af in general, but vests are horrible on principle.", "Don't be a vest guy. Save that for retirement. Also, I'm not here at the gym to see your hip threads: keep your gym clothes clean for sure, but the point isn't to show off how much you spent on something you're going to sweat in.", "The Sneakers She Wants You to Wear", "The majority of women we surveyed were more concerned with your ankle support than how your sneakers look. Which accounts for the narrow lead Brooks has over Adidas here. But in the end, the Nike heritage sneakers were the best combination of form and function.", "What Women Liked and Really Didn't Like About These Sneakers:", "If you're running, wear running shoes. If you're lifting, don't wear running shoes. Jordans are hot if you're actually playing basketball. I'd be more turned off by a guy wearing inappropriate footwear than a guy wearing mildly dorky footwear.", "It takes a certain kind of guy to pull off an Air Jordan so I don't want him to wear them if he can't own them.", "The Ultraboost matches what I like to see guys in on the street.", "Old-school trainers look fly with that track jacket...", "Throwback shoes are the coolest, but you should wear whatever makes your feet feel the best.", "Actually have little preference here. A lot depends on what activity he's doing. I definitely judge when I see dudes lifting weights in running shoes.", "Whatever is best for your activity! Shoes are a personal thing. The Adidas look fly, though.", "I am a runner, so I like seeing people wearing legit running shoes and not just what looks the coolest.", "They are pretty and least clunky.", "They would offer the most support/they are the right equipment.", "Not #3 because my dad wears those to walk the dog.", "I'm always a little impressed by someone who goes beyond the typical navy/black/white sneaker in a way that's cute and stylish, not garish.", "The Gym Socks She Wants You to Wear", "Never underestimate women's opinions about everything you put on\u2014including socks. Most of our survey responders preferred the choice that is both unpretentious and functional. (Also: women find ankles sexy apparently)", "What Women Liked and Really Didn't Like About These Socks:", "Oh god, i mean, if you're wearing V\u00eatements socks at the actual gym, I will get mad at you. Regular socks are fine! Tube socks are kinda hot? I don't really care as long as they're clean. No second day socks.", "Serve me those calf socks daddy.", "The no-shows look the best with tapered sweatpants.", "Ankle socks mean business and comfort without distracting from your awesome kicks.", "I honestly couldn't care less what socks he works out in as long as they're not black.", "Men's socks are usually gross, the less you see of them the better. No shows aren't really practical for working out though.", "White gym socks are ugly. The less that's visible, the better.", "No show socks makes me think you're not wearing socks in your sweaty tennis shoes, and that grosses me out.", "High top socks are so fratty.", "Ankles are hot.", "I don't get the calf sock trend. Makes me think of a dad wearing socks and sandals", "I don't really Care. But ankle socks are weird.", "Some men don't have the calf muscle to keep the socks up!", "I hate high socks! Such a bro look.", "Obviously any dude wearing V\u00eatements socks is fashion savvy, but not stupid enough to spend a grand on V\u00eatements sweats. Respect.", "Your socks don't need to be fancy at the gym.", "My dad rocked calf socks, the affinity is beyond my control.", "Short shorts, calf socks, long sleeves, is it apparent that I have a thing for soccer players yet?", "The Gym Bag She Wants You to Carry", "If you already own a simple black backpack, you are in luck. The clear winner isn't technically a gym bag. Still, this North Face backpack looks nice and can be thrown in the wash to avoid smelling up your apartment. The leather duffle was by far the most contentious though. Women are not here for your fancy bag at the gym.", "What Women Liked and Really Didn't Like About These Bags:", "Love a dude with backpack. The others are ok but who uses a leather gym bag? That's just weird. It's like you're trying to do double duty with your briefcase and that's a no go. Number 4 is a really ugly color. I hate everything about this bag. I don't know why I'm having such a visceral reaction to it.", "I like a guy that keeps it simple for the gym and isn't trying too hard. We all know how gym clothes smell. Don't put them in your man purse.", "Oh, that's classy as hell. But, is that a sanitary option? I don't know.", "While a leather duffle is nice for the distinguished gentleman at the country club, hit the gym with a smart nylon duffle; it's easier to fold in tiny lockers.", "You MUST be able to wash your gym bag. Save the leather for carrying things that aren't drenched in sweat.", "Cool, sleek and functional.", "I think my husband has that exact bag <3", "Live your life with this one, bro.", "I love a book bag.", "I'm a sucker for the finance bro duffle...", "From old to young, fat to fit this bag feels like it could work.", "Seems the cleanest, like he might actually wash it once in awhile and it's not breeding foot fungi.", "I like it and would want to borrow it.", "Then the hands are free to help carry my stuff ;)", "Why would you bring leather to the gym? And 4 is a very sad bag.", "There's no need for the ostentatious leather bag, nor should you go in the opposite direction with the farmer's market tote. A simple sleek backpack\u2014or a simple, two-tone duffle\u2014is perfectly suitable for a gym look.", "The Winning Outfit", "Sweat pants: Nike, $60, buy now at store.nike.com", "Shorts: Champion, $25, urbanoutfitters.com", "Sneakers: Nike for J.Crew, $70, buy now at jcrew.com", "Socks: Adidas, $14, buy now at adidas.com", "T-Shirt: Under Armour, $18.74, underarmour.com Hoodie: Todd Snyder, $178, buy now at toddsnyder.com", "Backpack: The North Face, $79, buy now at endclothing.com", "The Rock Picks His Next Great Role" ] }, { "url": "https://www.shape.com/fitness/clothes/10-fitness-fabrics-explained", "title": "The Best Workout Material to Look for When Buying", "content": [ "10 Fitness Fabrics, Explained", "Your workout clothes do more than make you look good: wearing the right material can also increase the efficiency of your sweat sesh", "workout clothes,", "Bamboo pulp yields a natural fabric that\u2019s light, breathable, and moisture-wicking\u2014it also protects your skin from ultraviolet rays. \u201cIt feels insanely soft, repels odors, regulates your temperature, and is UPF 50+,\u201d says Tasc Performance designer, Sarah Chase. Tasc Performance and other brands blend chemical-free bamboo with organic cotton, wool, and spandex to make workout clothes like the Nola Crop Hex Print ($58; tascperformance.com) and Cruisin\u2019 1/4-Zip ($68; tascperformance.com). \u201cBamboo is the Swiss Army Knife of performance fabrics,\u201d says Tasc. \u201cYou could run a marathon, then go to spin class, then run errands, and you\u2019ll stay fresh, dry, and sun-protected.\u201d", "RELATED: The Treadmill Move That Will Tone Your Thighs", "Photo: Tasc Performance", "In the battle between cotton and polyester, cotton wins the whiff test. A recent Belgian study found that it gives off less post-workout stench than polyester because synthetic fabrics allow stink-causing bacteria to thrive. But don\u2019t head to spin class in a cotton tee just yet. Cotton absorbs moisture, potentially making you feel like a dishrag during a hard-charging workout. Still, for yoga, weight training, or other low-sweat activities, go with clothes made from cotton blends\u2014like the Anue Dasha Racerback ($48; newbalance.com) in Pima cotton and spandex.", "Photo: Anue Studio Apparel", "When you\u2019re running, biking, or doing another outdoor activity, you need protection from the elements. No wonder so much outside gear\u2014everything from running shoes such as Brooks Adrenaline ASR 11 GTX ($150; brooksrunning.com) to jackets like the MYTHOS 2.0 GORE-TEX Active Lady Jacket ($260; goreapparel.com)\u2014is made with it. This synthetic membrane coats regular fabrics, making it waterproof and windproof yet allows skin to breathe. \u201cWater from the outside doesn t penetrate, cold wind does not pass through, and perspiration can escape,\u201d says Cindy Otto Woods, North America product champion for Gore Bike Wear and Gore Running Wear.", "Photo: Gore Running Wear", "Famously used to make women\u2019s stockings, the synthetic fabric is soft as silk, mildew resistant, and dries quickly. It\u2019s also breathable and wicks sweat from your skin to the fabric\u2019s surface, where it can evaporate. You\u2019ll find nylon in all kinds of sportswear, like the lucy activewer Sculpting Tank ($65; lucy.com) and Pocket Capri Legging ($79; lucy.com), both made with 87 percent nylon. \u201cIt can stand up to even the sweatiest of workouts,\u201d says Isabelle de la Fontaine, lucy product director. \u201cIt also has tremendous stretch and recovery, so your pants move with you.\u201d", "Photo: lucy activewear", "Polyester is the workhorse of the workout fabrics, the one you see on labels most often. Basically plastic cloth, it\u2019s durable, wrinkle-resistant, lightweight, breathable, and non-absorbent, which means that moisture from your skin evaporates instead of being drawn into the material. Polyester also repels UV rays and insulates you even when it\u2019s wet. That\u2019s why companies like New Balance use polyester in warm-weather wear like the tennis Tournament Dress ($80; newbalance.com) and cold-weather products like the Chameleon Jacket ($150; newbalance.com), which are both 90 percent polyester.", "Polyester\u2019s main drawback: the stink factor. Synthetic material can foster bacteria growth, and it also doesn\u2019t dry quite as quickly as polypropylene or nylon.", "RELATED: Fashionable and Functional Fall Workout Gear", "Photo: New Balance", "Like polyester, polypropylene is made from plastic. But unlike polyester, this synthetic material is totally water-resistant, says Lauren Hallworth, product line manager for Brooks Running apparel. \u201cEven if you\u2019re sweaty after a run and the outside of the shirt is wet, what\u2019s touching you is completely dry,\u201d says Hallworth. \u201cIt\u2019s great as a base layer.\u201d Polypropylene forces moisture to pass through its fibers, expelling it to the fabric\u2019s surface where it can evaporate. Brooks Running uses polypropylene to make tops like the Equilibrium Base LS II ($75; brooksrunning.com) and PureProject Seamless Tank II ($55; brooksrunning.com).", "Photo: Brooks Running", "Spandex\u2014also known by the brand name Lycra\u2014puts the stretch in workout wear. The synthetic fabric can expand to nearly 600 percent of its size, offers an unrestricted range of motion, and then snaps back in place. Spandex is also breathable, wicks moisture, and dries quickly. Now you know why it\u2019s a staple in form fitting exercise clothes. Some Spandex products, like Oakley\u2019s O-Form fabric, feature something called four-way stretch. Says Stacy Dye, Oakley\u2019s global product director: \u201cThe key benefits of O-Form are freedom of movement; less chafing; maximum comfort; and antibacterial and moisture-wicking powers.\u201d You\u2019ll find spandex four-way stretch in bottoms like Oakley\u2019s En Route Round 2 Short ($50; oakley.com) and tops like the Oakley Energy Tank with built-in bra ($65; oakley.com).", "Photo: Oakley", "Similar to bamboo, TENCEL is made from wood pulp. But TENCEL contains tiny fibrils, or small hairs, that give the fabric sweat-wicking properties and a luxurious texture. \u201cTextiles made from TENCEL are softer than silk and cooler than linen,\u201d says Stacy Dye, Oakley\u2019s global product director. Plus, Tencel is biodegradable, breathable, and resistant to wrinkles. TENCEL is in form-fitting items like the Oakley Stride Tech Tank ($45; oakley.com), which is super strong yet baby-soft.", "A staple for hikers, wool is like nature\u2019s performance fabric. The material creates pockets that trap air, so it\u2019s fantastic at regulating heat and keeping your body warm. It\u2019s also breathable and wicks moisture. Bonus: the lightweight fibers don\u2019t retain odors. You\u2019ll find wool in everything from socks and underwear to fashion-forward fitness gear like the Nike Wool and Sheer Women\u2019s Training Top ($95; nike.com) and Nike Dri-FIT Wool Women\u2019s Henley Shirt ($80; nike.com), both 65 percent wool. Nike blends wool with its signature Dri-FIT polyester for excellent insulation and moisture protection.", "Photo: Nike", "The secret weapon that keeps X-STATIC, from stinking after a workout: silver. The fabric is woven with this heavy metal, which is an antimicrobial that prevents bacterial and fungal growth. Now, brands like Brooks Running, The North Face, and Lululemon Athletica are using silver in their own products. Says Tara Poseley, chief product officer for lululemon athletica: \u201cIt will never wash out or stop working.\u201d Silverescent will keep items like the Run Away Tee ($68; lululemon.com) and Run Swiftly Tech Racerback ($48; lululemon.com) fresh and stench-free forever." ] }, { "url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Choose-the-Right-Workout-Clothes", "title": "How to Choose the Right Workout Clothes 10 Steps with", "content": [ "\u00bb Clothes by Type", "In this Article:Selecting fabric typeGetting the clothing to fit wellChoosing clothingWearing the workout clothingCommunity Q&AReferences", "While many people want to look good while they exercise, your workout clothes should be less about fashion and more about comfort and fit. What you wear can impact the success of your workout. Some forms of exercise, such as biking and swimming, will require specific pieces of clothing. For general workouts, it is best to wear something that fits well and keeps you cool. Choose the right workout clothes by considering fabric, fit and comfort.", "Selecting fabric type", "Choose a fabric that provides wicking. Look for a synthetic fiber that will allow your skin to breathe by wicking--drawing the sweat away from your body. This will help keep your body cool while you exercise. Polyester, Lycra and spandex work well.", "Look for clothing that is made from polypropylene. Some lines of workout clothing will contain COOLMAX or SUPPLEX fibers, which can help you manage your body temperature.", "Wear cotton if you do not anticipate sweating a lot. Cotton is a soft, comfortable fiber that works well for light workouts, such as walking or stretching. When cotton becomes sweaty, it can feel heavy and cling to your body, so it would not work well for more intense or aerobic activities.", "Choose good brand clothes with specific workout technology (not just a generic polyester). Reputable brand clothes such as Nike Dri-Fit are generally of a higher quality than a generic brand.", "Getting the clothing to fit well", "Pay attention to fit. Depending on your own body image and personal style, you may prefer workout clothing that is loose, and covers most of your body. Or, you might want to wear fitted outfits that allow you to see your muscles and curves as you exercise.", "Tailor your attire to the specific activity. If you are running or biking, do not wear long pants that might cause you to trip or get stuck in the pedals. For yoga and Pilates practitioners, avoid clothing that will not move with you during different poses.", "Incorporate supportive undergarments into your workout wardrobe. Women should look for a good sports bra that offers support and flexibility, and men will want to look for a protective cup if they are playing contact sports as part of their workouts.", "Choose clothes that you find attractive. While function and fit are the most important elements, you want to feel good while you are exercising, otherwise you might be tempted to cut your workout short.", "Choose clothes according to your needs. Men can wear shorts with t-shirts for workout and women can wear leggings with tops and t-shirts for comfortable workout. People who don\u2019t like shorts can wear workout pants or flair pants for workout in gym.", "For winter season you can use to wear full sleeve t-shirts or sweatshirts for workout which helps to keep body warm and give enough comfort.", "Buy a few pairs of branded workout clothes in different colors for routine. Don\u2019t use to wear same color daily. Also buy a pair of good sports shoes for workout. You will feel more active in shoes and they also protect your feet from injuries. Buy few pairs of cotton socks.", "Wearing the workout clothing", "Layer your workout clothes during colder months. If you exercise outdoors, you will want to add a few layers of clothing during the winter, and even during fall and spring if you workout in the early mornings or late evenings. Wear items you can easily discard as your body temperature heats up during your workout.", "Wear the appropriate footwear. Runners, tennis players and trainers will want to choose a workout shoe that protects their bodies and boosts performance. Make sure you wear a comfortable athletic shoe that supports your feet and ankles.", "What natural fabrics are ideal when exercising?", "Cotton is usually the best, as it soaks up moisture very well and lets the skin breathe more than other fabrics.", "Do I need to wear Jetties while exercising?", "You can. You could wear any sneaker from adidas, nike, under armour, etc.", "Should I wear tight but flexible clothes or loose and comfortable clothes?", "Mrsdanielhowell", "Form-fitting clothes are the best. Baggy clothes restrict movement and may get caught on equipment.", "Where can I buy cheap workout attire?", "Try going to Under Armour, Nike, or Adidas outlets.", "What s the specifications for swimwear?", "Remember to use accessories that will help your workout. Wristbands are helpful for tennis players to wipe away sweat. Swimmers might use goggles and runners might need hats or sunglasses if they run during the day.", "Make sure about your proper size of tank top, muscle shirt, T-shirt, pants and shoes.", "Avoid wearing your casual, every day clothing during your workout. Items such as jeans, sweaters and sandals will prevent you from working out safely and effectively.", "Do not wear excessive jewelry when you exercise. Anything dangling from your neck or wrist runs the risk of snagging on a piece of equipment, or falling off your body.", "Choose Cold Weather Fitness Clothing", "Dress for Skiing", "Frame a Jersey", "Dress Professionally As a Lifeguard", "Refashion Old Gym Clothes (Girls)", "Wear Jerseys", "Choose the Right Sunglasses for Your Sport", "Select Winter Workout Clothes", "http://www.fitness-diet.becomegorgeous.com/exercises/choose_proper_workout_clothes-2094.html", "http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=55673", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/fitness/choosing-workout-clothes.aspx", "Categories: Sports Clothing", "Espa\u00f1ol: escoger la ropa adecuada para hacer ejercicio, Portugu\u00eas: Escolher as Roupas Certas para o Treino" ] }, { "url": "https://www.womenshealthmag.com/fitness/a19962221/what-not-to-wear-to-the-gym/", "title": "7 Things You Should Never Wear To The Gym", "content": [ "7 Things You Should Never Wear To The Gym", "Your aching boobs and chafing thighs will thank you.", "BraunSGetty Images", "You know when people say \u201cdress for success\u201d? Yeah, that\u2019s not just about the office. What you wear to the gym 100 percent affects your performance.", "That 10-year-old sports bra, or cotton T you ve had since middle school, can actually make working out feel harder, and even wreak havoc on your body.", "Here s what you should chuck from your workout wardrobe, stat:", "1. 100% Cotton Clothes", "Sure, research shows that cotton clothes stink less than synthetic fabrics, but \u201ccotton literally absorbs every ounce of sweat, which makes you you feel like you\u2019re wearing a wet towel,\u201d says Chad Moeller, a certified personal trainer.", "The more moist clothing is, the more likely bacteria will grow\u2014especially if you\u2019re wearing it for long periods of time, says Navya Mysore, M.D., a physician at One Medical in New York. And \u201cif any open areas of skin are exposed to bacteria-filled workout clothes, it can lead to a fungal infection at the site,\u201d she explains. Instead of cotton, opt for sweat-wicking fabrics made for exercise.", "2. Worn-Out Sneakers", "There\u2019s a general rule of thumb that you should wear your sneakers for about 300 miles before replacing them. But if you\u2019re not tracking miles, it can be tough to figure out just how much work you\u2019ve put your gym shoes through.", "More On Sneakers", "13 Sneakers That Are Perfect For Cross-Training", "\u201cYou know your sneakers are too old when the treads or designs on the bottom start to wear out,\u201d says Jasmine Marcus, a physical therapist in Ithaca, NY.", "\u201cIf the bottoms are flattening in areas and you can no longer see the design of the tread\u201d\u2014not to mention, if there are holes by the toes, or any other obvious signs of total disrepair\u2014\u201cit s time to get new sneakers.\u201d", "The problem with old shoes? They provide less cushioning and shock absorption, says Marcus, and as the bottoms get worn down, it can throw off the alignment of your feet and, as a result, your knees and hips.", "3. Regular Bras or Stretched-Out Sports Bras", "For the love of your breasts, do not wear a regular bra to the gym. Saggy old sports bras with stretched-out elastic are a bad idea, too. \u201cIf you\u2019re not wearing a sufficiently supportive bra to work out, bounce isn\u2019t the only thing you have to worry about,\u201d says Darria Long Gillespie, M.D., a clinical assistant professor at the University of Tennessee School of Medicine. \u201cIf you have a moderate to large chest, the movement can lead to upper back and shoulder pain post-workout.", "Not to mention, it can cause the breast tissue to stretch, damaging it and increasing your chances for sagging in the future, says Gillespie.", "If you\u2019re too nervous to leave your jewelry in the locker room, leave it at home\u2014it\u2019s a no-go on the gym floor. Let\u2019s start with necklaces: \u201cIf you re running with a long pendant, I hope you enjoy it beating against your chest and smacking you in the face, or getting tangled with your earbuds or the elliptical arms,\u201d says Angel Stone, a NASM-certified personal trainer.", "And you might think rings are fine, but \u201cwearing them while you lift could affect your grip on the weights and pose a serious risk if the weight slips out of your hand,\u201d she says. \u201cAlso, the pressure of a weight against your ring can cause deep indentations and even break the skin. And remember, a 25-pound weight can easily dent the metal or scratch the stone.\u201d", "5. Too-Tight Clothes", "Compression clothing, which is designed to allow movement while compressing the muscles, is fine. But clothing that\u2019s a size too small or too tight in any way? That can do more harm than good.", "Always Get Holes In Your Leggings? Try This Fix", "20 Best Leggings With Pockets", "The Best Workout Pants for Every Type of Exercise", "\u201cClothing should not be so tight that it restricts movement\u2014like shorts or leggings that make it impossible for you to bend over or descend into a full squat or shirts that keep you from raising the arms overhead,\u201d says Robert Herst, a certified personal trainer and powerlifter.", "\u201cAlso, clothing should not be so tight that it restricts circulation.\u201d Too-small pants can cause leg cramps, while tight sports bras can actually constrict your breathing, says Mysore. Restrictive shorts can cause chafing on the inner thighs, which can even lead to infection.", "6. Super-Baggy Clothes", "\u201cYou don t want to hide the body, because your trainer or instructor needs to see it to asses you, says Conni Ponturo, the founder of Absolute Pilates Upstairs in Woodland Hills, CA. Is the spine elongated, are the abdominals engaged, are the ribs poking out, are you overworking the wrong muscles?\u201d", "She adds: \u201cExercise clothes today are made to help the body move in a better way,\u201d so find an outfit that actually fits you, and that you feel awesome in\u2014looking good is just a bonus.", "7. A Face Full of Makeup", "This should really go without saying, but \u201cmakeup has its time and place, and the gym is not one of them,\u201d says Joshua Zeichner, M.D., director of cosmetic and clinical research in dermatology at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. \u201cWhen you sweat, dirt and oil can build up under makeup, which leads to irritation, and promotes acne breakouts.\u201d", "And so begins a vicious cycle, in which you wear more makeup to cover up the blemishes caused by wearing makeup. Ugh. \u201cIf your goal is actually work out at the gym, it\u2019s best to go with a freshly washed face wearing nothing besides a light sunscreen,\u201d says Zeichner.", "More From Activewear Week", "The Best Sports Bra For Every Bust Size", "13 Best Yoga Brands For 2019", "What Your Activewear Style Says About You", "How Often You Actually Need To Wash Gym Clothes", "Gabi Fresh: Plus-Size Women Need More Options", "The 8 Best High Impact Sports Bras Of 2019", "Anna Victoria On Feeling Unsure In Workout Clothes", "Activewear Week", "7 Things You Should Never Ever Do in a Fitness Class", "9 Pieces of Workout Clothes You ll Definitely Want to Wear Outside the Gym", "Would You Wear Gym Clothes to Work?", "7 At-Home Remedies You Should NEVER Try", "Found: The Best Eyeliner to Wear to the Gym" ] }, { "url": "https://wittysparks.com/right-workout-clothes-gym-wear/", "title": "Which types of clothes we should wear during a workout", "content": [ "Health Gym Clothing \u203a Gym Wear \u203a Workout Clothes \u203a Workout Clothing", "Which types of clothes we should wear during a workout?", "February 7, 2019 Nishitha", "https://wittysparks.com/right-workout-clothes-gym-wear/", "The best way to workout is to wear suitable gym wear / workout clothes that is designed to make your exercise and working-out process as comfortable as possible!", "After you get into a strenuous workout session, you ought to feel tired, exhaust, painful, extraordinary and along with it, you may be covered with sweat. Believe it or not, the reason behind all this can be your clothes. The type of clothes you wear might absorb sweat and result in bad odour and wet body caused by sweat.", "Choose workout-friendly clothes can help you in making a difference in how you feel after exercise. There are several factors that can influence how comfortable your workout clothes are, including what is the fabric they\u2019re made of and deciding whether the clothes you have chosen is right for the type of exercise you\u2019re doing or not.", "To solve your problem, Decathlon and Snapdeal offer you great gym wear that will be perfect for you doing any type of exercise. Choose from a wide range of assortment and practice the best exercise without feeling tired or sweaty.", "1 There are THREE things that you must consider before buying workout wear!", "1.1 1. Pick a good Fabric", "1.1.1 Think to the wick.", "1.1.2 Consider cotton.", "1.1.3 Stay away from fabrics that don\u2019t respire.", "1.2 2. Get the Right Fit and Size", "1.3 Change Your Clothes in the Seasons", "1.3.1 Hot weather.", "1.3.2 Cold weather.", "1.3.3 Wet or windy weather.", "There are THREE things that you must consider before buying workout wear!", "1. Pick a good Fabric", "Care your Workout Clothes", "While going at the gym and choosing to wear gym wear, it is essential to look after the fabric of the cloth i.e. it should easily pull sweat away from skin. Some fabrics are designed to pull sweat away from your skin during exercise and others absorb it. So, while choosing the fabric, you can consider the following features in the cloth. Consider shopping from an online store and use special Decathlon voucher code for getting some branded gym wear at very affordable prices.", "Also Read: Meet the Real Life Sleeping Beauty - suffers from rare syndrome!", "Think to the wick.", "There are many breathable artificial fabrics that might \u201cwick\u201d the fret away from your body and helps in evaporating it quickly and keep your body cool and composed. These are a special type of gym wear that is made from fabrics containing polypropylene or fabrics such as COOLMAX\u00ae and SUPPLEX\u00ae. When you find these two features in the cloth then it can be a good option to buy when you are performing any exercise that produces a lot of sweat without soaking and leaving you to feel sweaty and uncomfortable.", "Consider cotton.", "Opt cotton material shirts and pants that can absorb the sweat without pulling it away from your skin and help to easily get evaporate. The cotton gym wear can also make you feel heavy and wet when you workout hard.", "Stay away from fabrics that don\u2019t respire.", "Avoid choosing the dress made from rubber or plastic base material as it keeps sweat away from evaporating and keeping your body temperature high during a workout.", "2. Get the Right Fit and Size", "Wear the right Workout Clothes while exercising", "Next essential thing that you must consider is that your clothes should be of your perfect size and easily adjustable. To ensure that the clothes you are choosing is your right size or not, consider shopping from a reputed online store and grab unique Snapdeal coupon code for shopping in the budget. Look here a few tips while shopping your desired fit.", "Choose to wear a cloth that is loose, comfortable, and relaxed. But if you are doing a dynamic exercise like running or biking, and then avoid loose wide-leg pants that could get twisted up while running the pedals or your feet.", "While performing activities like yoga or Pilates, choose elastic and built-in fabrics that can easily take away sweat.", "In broad-spectrum, remember that you don\u2019t choose clothing that comes in between the activity you are doing.", "Also Read: Click-in To The World Of Digital Health", "Change Your Clothes in the Seasons", "Wear the right workout clothese in the right weather.", "If you do more of outdoor exercise and play different sports then consider opting different gym wear for different seasons. With these tips below, you can easily know how to dress for outdoor exercise:", "During summer seasons, opt for fabrics that let your skin to breathe and wick sweat away. Get dressed up in cool and comfortable clothes that allow you to move liberally.", "During the winter season, you may require a warmer cloth that\u2019ll keep you cosy and you can easily exercise and boost your heart rate with optimum body temperature.", "Wet or windy weather.", "During windy weather, it is common that your outdoor workout might get ruin faster than getting soaked in the rain or trapped in a strong wind. Instead, choose an outer layer cloth that can easily protect your skin from the rudiments.", "With the above three options for both men and women, hope you can easily get right workout wear for yourself. Just remember that sweating is common in working out, no matter what is the weather and how comfortable clothing you are wearing.", "Why taking a maternity insurance plan is a wise decision?", "The Basics of Preventing a Recurrent Sports Injury", "Previous Post7 Reasons to Choose Ruby on Rails for Start-up Web DevelopmentNext PostHow to Protect Yourself from Identity Theft Online" ] } ], "selected_contents": [ [ false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, true, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ] ] }, "timestamp": 1616077993 }, { "action": "Apprentice => Wizard", "text": "I have so far gotten 10 outfits, it saves me from doing laundry often. I have a mixture of material but mostly polyester because of the sweat issue. Do you go to the gym too?", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616078108 }, { "action": "Wizard => SearchAgent", "text": "polyester workout advantages", "context": {}, "timestamp": 1616078205 }, { "action": "SearchAgent => Wizard", "text": "", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.noliju.com/en/35-polyester", "title": "Polyester the essential fabric of workout clothes for women", "content": [ "> Materials>Polyester", "Polyester is one of the leading sports fabric. It has many advantages.", "Polyester fabric has the advantage over natural fibers, of being extremely resistant, especially to wind and water.", "One of the other advantages of polyester is a great holding capacity for water. It allows to easily wick away perspira...", "One of the other advantages of polyester is a great holding capacity for water. It allows to easily wick away perspiration during your sporting activity.", "Another remarkable property of polyester is its ability not to wrinkle. Thus during your running sessions or for a daily use you will always have a perfect look!", "Polyester Technical characteristics", "Polyester is a widely used synthetic fiber, which has many properties. It is often blended with other fibers, wool and cotton for example to make fabrics with mixed characteristics.", "\u2022 Polyester care", "Polyester clothing must be washed and ironed on the reverse side.", "Machine wash : choose low-temperature washing cycles.(at 30 \u00b0 C).", "Although Polyester garments are wrinkle free, if you want to iron them, make sure your iron is set at 110 \u00b0 C, this is the recommended temperature for synthetic materials.", "Polyester does not support heat, so avoid tumble dry that can damage your garment. Dry cleaning is not recommended.", "Our polyester sportswear", "Our black Philou and Pierre technical t-shirts will protect you from bad weather during your outdoor running sessions. And thanks to the polyester properties you will be also kept dry during your summer sports outings.", "Black running T-shirt Philou", "Shine daily in this fashion sport T-shirt !Versatile, it will accompany you with elegance at the...", "White running T-shirt Pierre", "Be beautiful and sportive every day!Its technically breathable material and original perforated...", "White Running T-shirt Arno", "This white feminine and technical t-shirt for women will seduce you with its softness and its...", "Burgundy Running T-shirt Arno", "This burgundy feminine and technical t-shirt for women will seduce you with its softness and its...", "Sport Printed T-shirt Boris", "Our T-shirt Boris has an active trendy style with its technical french fabric, it\u2019s fantasy...", "Black Tank top Arno", "We adapted our successful Arno t-shirt in a pretty tank top for active women, always combining...", "Outfit Tank Top Enzo and...", "Discover our chic outfit of the new collection Burgundy chic . The first utilisation of this...", "Outfit Bra Ugo, Tank Top...", "Be the queen of the track with this black and burgundy outfit composed of the bra Ugo, the tank...", "Outfit Bra Ugo and Legging...", "This burgundy and black outfit will seduce you thanks to its elegance and originality, it will be..." ] }, { "url": "https://www.shape.com/fitness/clothes/10-fitness-fabrics-explained", "title": "The Best Workout Material to Look for When Buying", "content": [ "10 Fitness Fabrics, Explained", "Your workout clothes do more than make you look good: wearing the right material can also increase the efficiency of your sweat sesh", "workout clothes,", "Bamboo pulp yields a natural fabric that\u2019s light, breathable, and moisture-wicking\u2014it also protects your skin from ultraviolet rays. \u201cIt feels insanely soft, repels odors, regulates your temperature, and is UPF 50+,\u201d says Tasc Performance designer, Sarah Chase. Tasc Performance and other brands blend chemical-free bamboo with organic cotton, wool, and spandex to make workout clothes like the Nola Crop Hex Print ($58; tascperformance.com) and Cruisin\u2019 1/4-Zip ($68; tascperformance.com). \u201cBamboo is the Swiss Army Knife of performance fabrics,\u201d says Tasc. \u201cYou could run a marathon, then go to spin class, then run errands, and you\u2019ll stay fresh, dry, and sun-protected.\u201d", "RELATED: The Treadmill Move That Will Tone Your Thighs", "Photo: Tasc Performance", "In the battle between cotton and polyester, cotton wins the whiff test. A recent Belgian study found that it gives off less post-workout stench than polyester because synthetic fabrics allow stink-causing bacteria to thrive. But don\u2019t head to spin class in a cotton tee just yet. Cotton absorbs moisture, potentially making you feel like a dishrag during a hard-charging workout. Still, for yoga, weight training, or other low-sweat activities, go with clothes made from cotton blends\u2014like the Anue Dasha Racerback ($48; newbalance.com) in Pima cotton and spandex.", "Photo: Anue Studio Apparel", "When you\u2019re running, biking, or doing another outdoor activity, you need protection from the elements. No wonder so much outside gear\u2014everything from running shoes such as Brooks Adrenaline ASR 11 GTX ($150; brooksrunning.com) to jackets like the MYTHOS 2.0 GORE-TEX Active Lady Jacket ($260; goreapparel.com)\u2014is made with it. This synthetic membrane coats regular fabrics, making it waterproof and windproof yet allows skin to breathe. \u201cWater from the outside doesn t penetrate, cold wind does not pass through, and perspiration can escape,\u201d says Cindy Otto Woods, North America product champion for Gore Bike Wear and Gore Running Wear.", "Photo: Gore Running Wear", "Famously used to make women\u2019s stockings, the synthetic fabric is soft as silk, mildew resistant, and dries quickly. It\u2019s also breathable and wicks sweat from your skin to the fabric\u2019s surface, where it can evaporate. You\u2019ll find nylon in all kinds of sportswear, like the lucy activewer Sculpting Tank ($65; lucy.com) and Pocket Capri Legging ($79; lucy.com), both made with 87 percent nylon. \u201cIt can stand up to even the sweatiest of workouts,\u201d says Isabelle de la Fontaine, lucy product director. \u201cIt also has tremendous stretch and recovery, so your pants move with you.\u201d", "Photo: lucy activewear", "Polyester is the workhorse of the workout fabrics, the one you see on labels most often. Basically plastic cloth, it\u2019s durable, wrinkle-resistant, lightweight, breathable, and non-absorbent, which means that moisture from your skin evaporates instead of being drawn into the material. Polyester also repels UV rays and insulates you even when it\u2019s wet. That\u2019s why companies like New Balance use polyester in warm-weather wear like the tennis Tournament Dress ($80; newbalance.com) and cold-weather products like the Chameleon Jacket ($150; newbalance.com), which are both 90 percent polyester.", "Polyester\u2019s main drawback: the stink factor. Synthetic material can foster bacteria growth, and it also doesn\u2019t dry quite as quickly as polypropylene or nylon.", "RELATED: Fashionable and Functional Fall Workout Gear", "Photo: New Balance", "Like polyester, polypropylene is made from plastic. But unlike polyester, this synthetic material is totally water-resistant, says Lauren Hallworth, product line manager for Brooks Running apparel. \u201cEven if you\u2019re sweaty after a run and the outside of the shirt is wet, what\u2019s touching you is completely dry,\u201d says Hallworth. \u201cIt\u2019s great as a base layer.\u201d Polypropylene forces moisture to pass through its fibers, expelling it to the fabric\u2019s surface where it can evaporate. Brooks Running uses polypropylene to make tops like the Equilibrium Base LS II ($75; brooksrunning.com) and PureProject Seamless Tank II ($55; brooksrunning.com).", "Photo: Brooks Running", "Spandex\u2014also known by the brand name Lycra\u2014puts the stretch in workout wear. The synthetic fabric can expand to nearly 600 percent of its size, offers an unrestricted range of motion, and then snaps back in place. Spandex is also breathable, wicks moisture, and dries quickly. Now you know why it\u2019s a staple in form fitting exercise clothes. Some Spandex products, like Oakley\u2019s O-Form fabric, feature something called four-way stretch. Says Stacy Dye, Oakley\u2019s global product director: \u201cThe key benefits of O-Form are freedom of movement; less chafing; maximum comfort; and antibacterial and moisture-wicking powers.\u201d You\u2019ll find spandex four-way stretch in bottoms like Oakley\u2019s En Route Round 2 Short ($50; oakley.com) and tops like the Oakley Energy Tank with built-in bra ($65; oakley.com).", "Photo: Oakley", "Similar to bamboo, TENCEL is made from wood pulp. But TENCEL contains tiny fibrils, or small hairs, that give the fabric sweat-wicking properties and a luxurious texture. \u201cTextiles made from TENCEL are softer than silk and cooler than linen,\u201d says Stacy Dye, Oakley\u2019s global product director. Plus, Tencel is biodegradable, breathable, and resistant to wrinkles. TENCEL is in form-fitting items like the Oakley Stride Tech Tank ($45; oakley.com), which is super strong yet baby-soft.", "A staple for hikers, wool is like nature\u2019s performance fabric. The material creates pockets that trap air, so it\u2019s fantastic at regulating heat and keeping your body warm. It\u2019s also breathable and wicks moisture. Bonus: the lightweight fibers don\u2019t retain odors. You\u2019ll find wool in everything from socks and underwear to fashion-forward fitness gear like the Nike Wool and Sheer Women\u2019s Training Top ($95; nike.com) and Nike Dri-FIT Wool Women\u2019s Henley Shirt ($80; nike.com), both 65 percent wool. Nike blends wool with its signature Dri-FIT polyester for excellent insulation and moisture protection.", "Photo: Nike", "The secret weapon that keeps X-STATIC, from stinking after a workout: silver. The fabric is woven with this heavy metal, which is an antimicrobial that prevents bacterial and fungal growth. Now, brands like Brooks Running, The North Face, and Lululemon Athletica are using silver in their own products. Says Tara Poseley, chief product officer for lululemon athletica: \u201cIt will never wash out or stop working.\u201d Silverescent will keep items like the Run Away Tee ($68; lululemon.com) and Run Swiftly Tech Racerback ($48; lululemon.com) fresh and stench-free forever." ] }, { "url": "https://www.livestrong.com/article/414298-comparison-of-fabric-for-exercise-clothing/", "title": "Comparison of Fabric for Exercise Clothing Livestrong com", "content": [ "Comparison of Fabric for Exercise Clothing", "Gabrielle Dion", "The science of fitness clothing has come a long way from those baggy cotton sweatshirts and knit leg warmers of previous decades. Today, exercisers have a vast array of choices for workout fabrics, and choosing appropriate materials for a particular sport or purpose can be a difficult process.", "The first factor to consider when purchasing new workout out clothes is the type of exercise you\u2019ll be doing. Sport-specific attire is designed take into account the types of movements that will be done and what type of fabric the wearer will need to stay comfortable and dry.", "For yoga and stretching, Lindsay Law of Overstock.com points out that polyester and spandex are good fabrics for allowing the exerciser to bend easily. For high-impact cardiovascular exercises like running and aerobics, she recommends moisture-wicking fabrics like nylon for staying dry while sweating.", "About Moisture-Wicking Fabrics", "While once the most commonly-worn exercise fabric, cotton absorbs moisture and can therefore become heavy and uncomfortable on the body once it becomes drenched in sweat. Today, athletes who want to stay dry during their workout have a wide variety of synthetic fabrics to choose from, including Nike Dri-FIT and Polartec PowerDry.", "According to REI.com, \u201cSynthetic fibers are, essentially, plastic\u2014and virtually nonabsorbent.\u201d Moisture travels along the surface of the fiber, but since it cannot be absorbed, the moisture from persperation is then dispersed from the inside of piece of clothing and drawn to the outside of it, where it evaporates when it makes contact with the air.", "In addition to the material itself, a chemical finish is often applied to moisture-wicking clothing in order to enhance its performance, allowing it to quickly draw moisture along its nonabsorbent fibers and transport it to the garment s exterior.", "Temperature-Specific Fabrics", "For outdoor sports, staying cool in the heat or staying warm in the cold are important to maximizing one\u2019s performance. One type of high-performance cooling fabric, COOLMAX, uses moisture-wicking technology to draw moisture away from the skin and keep the wearer dry and comfortable, but in addition it is specifically designed to be light and breathable for warmer- weather workouts.", "For cold weather, synthetic fibers like Polartec Thermal Pro create air pockets that trap air and retain body heat, providing warmth without being too heavy on the body. In addition to insulating the body, many of these thermal garments are sprayed with a water repellent finish that helps sheild the wearer from rain and snow.", "While the use of Spandex has been used for decades with the purpose of comfort during bending and stretching activities, newer technology has allowed stretchable fabric to find a whole new market in compression clothing. Using a special knitting process and fabric, compression sleeves can improve circulation during and after physical activity to help alleviate stiff, sore muscles and hasten muscle recovery. The sleeves stimulate blood flow, helping to reduce lactic acid build-up and prevent delayed onset muscle soreness.", "Overstock.com, \u201cHow to Pick the Best Exercise Clothing,\u201d by Lindsay Law, March 2011.", "REI.com, \u201cHow to Choose a Base Layer (Long Underwear).\u201d", "iRunFar.com, \u201cCompression Leg Sleeves & Socks Discussion,\u201d by Meghan Hicks, September 2010.", "The Advantages of Cotton Clothing", "Is Cotton a Good Material for Workouts?", "What Should Women Wear to the Gym?", "What to Wear Under Pads for Football", "What Are Clothing Textures?", "What Should Men Wear for Doing Bikram Yoga?" ] }, { "url": "https://40plusstyle.com/what-is-polyester-advantages-disadvantages/", "title": "Properties of polyester and other fabrics What is", "content": [ "40+ Style \u00bb How to dress after 40 \u00bb Do you have a problem wearing synthetic fabrics like polyester or is it just me?", "Do you have a problem wearing synthetic fabrics like polyester or is it just me?", "I was out shopping with a young Singaporean woman last week, when she noticed me checking the clothing labels. I explained to her that I always check the labels before buying anything as I\u2019m keen on only wearing quality fabrics and preferably no synthetic fabrics. I was surprised to learn that she wasn\u2019t aware of all the different fabrics and their qualities. To her it clearly didn\u2019t matter what fabric a garment was made of (so lang as it looked good of course) and price was a far more important factor.", "I also see these fabrics on some of the most stylish bloggers. Unfortunately, many times when I really like a garment from a picture, I\u2019m disappointed that it\u2019s 100% polyester. This is a fabric I will just not buy in the stores. It certainly limits a lot of my clothing choices as a lot of the bright garments are made from Polyester.", "Understanding the different fabrics", "Even I don\u2019t always know the specifics of the different fabrics and to be honest I SHOULD know as I once completed cerfification for the knowledge of fabrics (above an image of my notes from all the fabric testing we did). I carried out (burning) tests knew all the fabric\u2019s names and their qualities and could distinguish them by smell. It\u2019s surprising how much I have forgotten.", "So for a little brush up for us all, here are some of the main fabrics and their qualities (most of the research was done through Wikipedia):", "wool Hair of domestic goats or sheep Less conbustible than cotton or synthetics, easily returns to original shape, keeps you warm, is breathable, resistant to tearing. Pills easily, dull fiber, stronger dry than wet, can itch, can mildew/mold, will deteriorate through sunlight exposure.", "Cashmere Hair of the indian cashmere goat Soft, lightweight and silky. Can be expensive.", "Mohair Hair of the North African Angora goat Soft and easier to dye, light, absorbant, non-flammable, absorbs moisture, resistant to creases.", "Silk Animal textile made from the fibres of the cocoon of the Chinese silkworm Most hypoallergenic of all fabrics, soft and beautiful shine, highly absorbant and lets your skin breathe, durable, light. expensive, yellows with age, needs special care and dry cleaning, leaves water spots.", "PLANT FABRICS", "Cotton A soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective capsule, around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium. Hypoallergenic and dust mite resistant, durable, environmentally friendly, soft, breaths well. Creases, easily soiled, burns easily, weakens with exposure to light.", "Modal A cellulose fiber made by spinning reconstituted cellulose, often from beech trees. 50% more water-absorbent than cotton, can be dyed like cotton and is colourfast, resistant to shrinkage and fading, lightweight, appearance of silk, soft and smooth. Prone to stretching and pilling.", "Polyester Polyesters include naturally occurring chemicals, such as in the cutin of plant cuticles, as well as synthetics. Used in all types of clothing, either alone or blended with fibres such as cotton. Easily dyed, strong, light weight, and resistant to shrinking, stretching, mildew and creasing. Sun resistant. Main disadvantage is that Polyester does not breathe. Fabric shine can be unattractive. Stains are difficult to remove. Not environmentally friendly.", "Acrylic A fibre used to imitate wools, including cashmere. Woolly feel, durable, soft, colour fast, easy to clean. Not as warm as wool, can irritate the skin.", "Viscose or rayon Viscose is a viscous organic liquid used to make rayon and cellophane. Viscose is becoming synonymous with rayon, a soft material commonly used in shirts, shorts, coats, jackets, and other outer wear. Viscose rayon has a silky appearance and feel, breathable similar to cotton, inexpensive. Not environmentally friendly, creases easily.", "Nylon A tough, lightweight, elastic synthetic polymer with a proteinlike chemical structure. Used to imitate silk. Very resilient, easy to care, resistant to insects, fungi and mildew. Not absorbant, can have an unpleasant sheen, environmentally unfriendly, prone to static electricity.", "Spandex or Lycra A polyurethane product that can be made tight-fitting without impeding movement. It is used to make activewear, bras, and swimsuits. very elastic, good resistance to lotions oils and perspiration, light weight, strong and durable, soft, smooth, easy to care for. Does not breath very well, slippery on surfaces, sensitive to heat, will show every blub on your body!", "Velvet A closely woven fabric of silk, cotton, or nylon that has a thick short pile on one side. Depends on the fabric it s made of.", "Satin A smooth, glossy fabric, typically of silk but also nylon or polyester, produced by a weave in which the threads of the warp are caught and looped by the weft only...: a blue satin dress Luxurious, smooth, silky, drapes nicely. prone to water spots.", "Organza A thin, stiff, transparent fabric made of silk or a synthetic yarn. Lightweight, fine, crisp and sheer.", "My main issue with synthetic fabrics like polyester", "The main problem for me of synthetic fabrics like polyester is that they don\u2019t breathe. This results in a feeling of humidity all the time and I find it generally unpleasant. Many synthetic fibers also look too shiny and cheap to me and just don\u2019t give me the same sense of luxury, comfort and happiness as natural fabrics like cotton, wool and silk. Synthetic fabrics when worn as trousers also hugely irritate my intimates and I have learnt never to make the mistake of buying 100% synthetic pants.", "So I\u2019m very picky about the fabrics I buy and always check the labels. I\u2019m always astonished as to how few natural fabrics are on sale in a humid country like Singapore. Even expensive brands like Diane von Furstenberg stock a lot of synthetic materials and charge high prices for it!", "Brands that feature a lot of natural fabrics", "Here are some recommendations of brands that feature natural fabrics. Please check the specifications of each individual item though! If you have some further recommendations, please let me know by leaving a comment below and I will update this list.", "Eileen Fisher: lots of cotton and silk", "7 for all mankind: great cotton jeans", "Emerson Fry: uses beautiful natural", "So I really wonder: is it just me or are you picky about your fabrics as well? Do you check the fabric label before you decide to buy something? How particular are you about fabrics and what are your favorites? How much more are you willing to pay extra for a quality fabric?", "1 Tanya", "I am very picky about fabrics and refuse to buy anything made of polyester, mainly because it doesn\u2019t breathe. I completely agree with you on the disappointment of finding out that designers charge an arm and a leg for polyester.", "I used to work in technical sales and picked up some advice about dressing/looking like I don\u2019t need the sale, which meant selecting richer-looking fabrics for my suits. I started with polyester suits due to budget, but after reading that piece of advice, switched to wool and the occasional cotton or cotton blend. What surprised me was how much cooler light-weight wool pants are, even lined, in the heat than polyester.", "I also take a note from men\u2019s clothing. Although synthetics are becoming more prevalent, their clothes are still mainly made of natural fibers.", "My budget is still limited, so I usually wait until the end of a season to pick up pieces in wool and silk. I\u2019ve been giving viscose/rayon some thought as that fabric is prevalent in the fast fashion stores, but after reading your note on its environmental effects, I may have to reconsider.", "You are so right about wool. When buying a suit I always went for (cool) wool. Cooler and so much better looking. However, I no longer work in an office and since Singapore is hot, I tend to go for cotton more now.", "I understand where you both are coming from. For me too, certain fabrics just are too (what I call) \u2018plastic\u2019, so I skip those. For underwear, like Sylvia writes, I definitely want cotton to avoid irritation. And for socks cotton and wool, to avoid sweaty or cold feet.", "If money was no issue and if my favorite articles would be available in fabrics like cotton, silk or wool, I would choose for that if I consider the feeling, the breathability and sometimes the look.", "For me, there is however one other important aspect besides cost and comfort and that is maintenance. The first thing I check in the labels is the wash prescription. My preference is \u2018machine washable\u2019: a cheap and easy method. \u2018Handwash only\u2019 is not handy, but still acceptable. \u2018Dryclean only\u2019 is something I will try to avoid, except for coats. Way too expensive in maintenance and too complicated.", "This criterium unfortunately often contradicts the one of comfort and breathability, since fabrics like wool and silk are usually not the ones you just throw in your machine ;-).", "And since my style is more one of loose, sheer layers, then of body hugging clothes, breathability is not such a big problem, in general.", "Totally understand that as well. But the labels are not always reliable. Afraid of claims, labels will always be rather safe than sorry. I find that my silk tops can be washed in water, but yes, they do take additional work\u2026", "5 Chicatanyage", "Interesting. I do try to avoid polyester. Thought viscose was more natural and made of wood pulp. I find it a lot in quite expensive clothes", "You are right, that is why viscose is still breathes like cotton. But there are chemicals involved with the creation and apparently it\u2019s very polluting. Here is what wikipedia says:", "At first wood pulp is dissolved in caustic soda and after steeping it for a specified period of time it is shredded and allowed to age. Aging contributes to viscosity of viscose. The longer the ageing time the less viscosity it will have. The aged pulp is then treated with carbon disulfide to form a yellow-colored cellulose xanthate, which is dissolved in caustic soda again, but of a lower concentration. This is the starting stage of viscose formation. During the process an acetate dope is added to alkali cellulose which is necessary for the yarn lustre. Viscose currently is becoming less common because of the polluting effects of carbon disulfide and other by-products of the process, forcing some factories to close. One way to comply with sulphur emission standards is to install a wet sulfuric acid process unit which recovers sulfur compounds to sulfuric acid or use the Lyocell process which uses N-Methylmorpholine N-oxide as solvent.", "Let\u2019s hope they do that.", "No, it\u2019s definitely not just you. As a general rule, I absolutely detest completely synthetic fabrics. I\u2019ve accepted that a lot of times, I\u2019m going to get something with a pretty low synthetic mix \u2014 say 5-15% \u2014 and I can live with that. I don\u2019t mind a tiny bit of spandex in a pair of otherwise cotton jeans, and such, but pure polyester or acrylic just gives me the shivers. Very much a case of too-often being cheap and shoddy-looking, and also, I just hate the way it feels. Borderline synthetics like Modal and Viscose are basically OK with me, because they breathe.", "If I lived in a climate as hot as yours, I\u2019m sure I\u2019d hate it even more than I do.", "Yes, I\u2019m ok with Spandex too and if the fabric looks decent and I really like the garment, I sometimes go for mixes\u2026", "I agree totally. I will occasionally buy blends, and like Ana, I don\u2019t mind a bit of spandex to make things more comfortable, but totally polyester- no way! As \u201chot flash Hannah\u201d, I have to be cool and comfortable, or I am not a nice person! As a bit of a contradiction, however, I am finding that exercise-wear made of microfiber are comfortable, and I even sleep in \u201clong johns\u201d made of poly microfiber, because they DO seem to breathe, and I have found that keeping my body temp relatively constant helps to stave off night sweats. I think that is because they are knits, and not wovens, and they are a far cry from my grandmother\u2019s bright green polyester doubleknit pants. Microfiber feels ok on my skin, and in athletic weaves, it seems to wick the perspiration away pretty effectively. Maybe manufacturers are actually using their brains for a change!", "Good point Kris. Most of my sportswear is synthetic too. Special fabrics that keep you drier when you sport. For some reason I can tolerate those and specially made dry-fit fabrics do help with sport!", "When the hot southern summer sun hits polyester, it is NOT a pretty thing. I have a whole Pinterest board called \u201cToo Bad It\u2019s Polyester\u201d for things I like the look of but will never buy.", "I learned in lampworking class that many synthetic fabrics basically conduct heat into your core. I made the mistake of wearing a cotton/rayon or maybe cotton/poly blend tee to class one day and could feel the fabric heat up and heat me up. Had to change so I wouldn\u2019t heat stroke. Sun on any kind of high poly blend has the same effect at a lower intensity.", "For day wear, I can do viscose/rayon, although I notice that it heats up in the sun more and doesn\u2019t breathe as well as cotton or linen. Microfiber exercise wear and woven technical fabrics are a totally different animal and don\u2019t seem to cause the same issues as poly. My Athleta capris are comfortable in the summer.", "What a great idea to make such a pinboard! I might consider doing that as well. Perhaps it will make manufacturers more aware that we DO care about fabric quality.", "13 Anne @ the Frump Factor", "I buy a lot of cotton/polyester blends, which (in my view) give me the best of both worlds while avoiding the pitfalls of both. I also like viscose and some rayons. Mostly, though, I don\u2019t go by the label; I go by the look and feel of the garment. If it looks too shiny, feels scratchy, or doesn\u2019t breathe, I probably won\u2019t buy it. And even some all-natural fabrics fail this test.", "Synthetic fibers have come a long way. I don\u2019t think it\u2019s quite true any more that all polyesters don\u2019t breathe. (Isn\u2019t athletic wear often made of polyester fabrics that actually wick sweat away from the body?) So I really just go by look and feel. Do I love well-made garments created exclusively from high-quality, natural fabrics? Yes, of course. Can I afford to buy them all the time? No.", "Oops \u2014 one of your alert readers already pointed out the athletic wear issue. Sorry! \ud83d\ude42", "A cotton/polyester blend can work well. I guess I have just become extra sensitive to polyester as it really is too hot for Singapore. Synthetics are definitely great for sports!", "I always prefer natural fibers because my skin can breathe more freely in them. However, today the quality of the synthetic fibers are much better that what they used to be so once in a while if I love something I\u2019ll pick it up. As far as evening gowns go, I don\u2019t have much of a choice because silk can go for a thousand or more.", "Yes, you will need to be creative with evening gowns. Lucky I don\u2019t have many black tie events!", "As a lady who attends many white and black tie events, I cannot agree that silk dresses will go for that much money. I\u2019ve been able to find wonderful dresses and gowns made of pure silk at incredible bargain prices. I don\u2019t shop in designer boutiques, but rather on-line, in vintage shops and dress agencies. Also, I am a decent seamstress and that certainly helps.", "I loathe synthetic fibres, and avoid them at all costs. I am dismayed that so many clothing manufacturers offer polyester, nylon, and other man-made materials. Is it my imagination or was there lots more silk clothing in shops just a few years ago? I seem to remember that not even 10 years ago many dresses were made of silk. I have some Ann Taylor Loft dresses from that time, and they are 100% silk. Now, even Ann Taylor offers more polyester than anything else.", "The first thing I do when looking at a garment is checking the label for fibre content. If it doesn\u2019t meet my specifications I won\u2019t buy it. I don\u2019t care how pretty it is. I do make an exception for viscose, which, although it wrinkles easily, is fairly pleasant to wear. I find that viscose can be handwashed and dried on a towel without losing its shape or shrinking too much.", "19 issy", "I am 48. I avoid polyester in most cases. Though I will buy something in polyester if it is lightweight and \u201cbreezy\u201d and for just a season or two. Now that I am having hot flashes, synthetic fabrics are harder for me. But I do love a ponte knit pant or skirt in the Winter.", "I do however, not like cotton for exercising. It is just too hot and sticky to work in AND get approriate coverage. So I do tend to go toward synthetics for excersing.", "Thanks for your comment Issy. I too use sportswear for exercizing. Should probably have mentioned that in my article!", "21 Heather Fonseca", "WOnderful post! I love that list of fabrics as I\u2019ve forgotten so much as well.", "On polyester, I think I dislike the idea of it more than the reality. I do have polyester garments and they don\u2019t bother me at all physically. Wool, on the other hand, is impossible on my skin as I have a lanolin allergy. I do really dislike acrylic sweaters though and I won\u2019t buy the,m as they tend to pill. Wish I could afford more silk! And cashmere!", "I usually wait for the sales to snap up the silk. It\u2019s just the most perfect fabric for dressy blouses and tops in Singapore!", "I like your list. Now I finally know what \u201cModal\u201d is. Always wondered about that.", "Synthetics don\u2019t bother me at all. Not even during my hot flashes period (which, thank God, are over). They might bother me a bit more when it is really hot. But when you live in Holland you don\u2019t really have to take sunshine into consideration. LOL.", "Therefore I never look at the label. Which sometimes gives me a nasty surprise: like a white shirt that calls for dry cleaning only\u2026.. And I know you are right Sylvia, that manufacturers put these things on labels for no reason other than to avoid claims, but I don\u2019t dare to take the chance of washing it myself.", "Wool is difficult for me. It irritates often, which I feel immediately when I put it on. And it pills quickly which means it looks shabby in no time. Exceptions to that rule are cool wools and cashmere. And then we are talking serieus money.", "You are lucky. Unlimited choices in the shop!", "In that respect, yes I am. But it is not a frase my bankmanager would use haha.", "I try to stay away from some synthetic fabrics, and I won\u2019t buy for instance acrylic knits. I don\u2019t like polyester either, at least not anything that\u2019s 100 % polyester, but some blends can be ok, like in blazers which is not worn in direct contact with my skin. And I do like milano fabric in pants and dresses for winter, which I think contains a small amount of polyester. I like wearing viscose garments too, too bad that it\u2019s not environmentally friendly. And of course I totally agree when it comes to sportswear, as I\u2019m a jogger and need moisture wicking clothing for that.", "I think they CAN make it environmentally friendly if companies are just willing to make the investment of getting the proper filters. I agree polyester can fine in blends or for blazers. I have succumbed to a blazer with a blend as well. Will see how it goes\u2026", "28 Kim,USA", "I do have a problem with polyester. It sticks on my skin when I am sweating and just don\u2019t have any flow or body. I also feel very uncomfortable it hug the bulges on the body, lol! I love cotton. ^_^", "Exactly why I don\u2019t like it!", "30 Robin", "Kim-What do you wear for exercising? Almost all workout wear is made of polyester or poly blends. It\u2019s purpose is to wear while sweating.", "I am not the one you asked, but I wear cotton leotards with a bit of lycra. I used to dance ballet at a professional level (3 hours of training 5 days per week for 20 years) and am very fit. The problem is that an athlete\u2019s body sweats more than average people, because their bodies are so efficient. I sweat quite a bit.", "Of course, cotton absorbs sweat, and I just live with the fact that my leotard or other clothing will be soaked after 15 to 20 minutes. I\u2019ll just take it off when I am done, shower, and put it in the wash. I went for a 10km run with my husband the other day, and wore cotton shorts and a tank top. It was okay. I just don\u2019t like the feel of artifical fibres.", "32 tania", "I am so happy I read your opinions! I was in London this weekend and I was shocked to discover that about 95 percent of clothes in the shops was from polyester!!!! I would never buy it, it\u2019s disgusting, you immediately sweat, it\u2019s full of static electricity and it looks cheap\u2026 At the end I didn\u2019t buy anything which never happened to me in LONDON! I stilll wonder who wears it? And why is it so widespread this year?! please STOP IT!!!!!", "Hi Tania, I think it\u2019s because people want more clothes for less money. I think we have to get the focus back on quality again and getting people to buy less clothes but higher quality. This is one thing I will try and do more this year.", "This is very true: fewer clothes and more quality! I love vintage shopping, and thanks to growing up with a hobby seamstress mum, I know quite a bit about fabrics and sewing techniques. Most modern clothing \u2014 even in the middle to upper price ranges \u2014 cannot hold a candle to vintage items.", "I don\u2019t know if you are familiar with Marks & Spencer, a British retailer in the lower-price category \u2014 what I\u2019d call typical high street. They\u2019ve been around since the 1880s and used to have all their clothing made in the UK. Their house label was called St Michael. Two years ago, I bought a 1950s tweed skirt with box pleats from that label. The fabric is amazing: thick wool tweed woven in Scotland; ample seam allowances, finished edges, hand stitching (in the pleats, buttonholes), darts in the lining to prevent bunching, etc. The attention to detail is amazing, and is only available in couture clothing these days.", "This skirt was made for the average woman, not a society lady, and it is almost 60 years old, but it still looks great. I am almost certain that most of our clothing won\u2019t be around anymore in 60 years as it will have fallen apart.", "35 Melinda Nowers", "So glad I found your blog\u2026.and yes, I am picky. Although every once and awhile, I do break my own rules. I am a stylist and explain this every time to my clients. It\u2019s very frustrating when the higher end labels use synthetics. Thanks to your chart though I did not realize Modal was a combo. Good to know\u2026.Melinda", "thestyleexpress.com", "This becomes a problem when you are into vintage clothing\u2026\u2026. \ud83d\ude1b", "In any case, I start itching if I so much as LOOK at acrylic.", "I have long held a passion for quality fibres and, if selected carefully, they can be a fantastic investment.", "The first myth I would like to dispel is that they need to cost a lot more than man-made fabrics. Yes, they can be extortionate, but shop around and you can find some very good items which are realistically priced. The initial outlay for man-made fibres may be less, but in all likelihood, the product won\u2019t last as well or look as good.", "Secondly, I couldn\u2019t agree more with Sylvia about the qualities of nature fibres versus man-made fibres. A scarf made of 100% acrylic may be a bright splash of colour on a dull winter\u2019s day, but it won\u2019t keep you as warm as one with cashmere or silk.", "Additionally, a beautiful silk scarf needn\u2019t been reserved for cold days \u2013 it can still be worn on a summer\u2019s evening because, as Sylvia points out, it allows the skin to breath. You\u2019d look pretty daft with an acrylic bundle wrapped around you, so that scarf is going to stay in your drawer for half the year unused! Doesn\u2019t seem quite such good value now, does it?", "As a retailer of pure silk scarves, I come across a percentage of ladies everyday who simply wouldn\u2019t spend the money on this sort of item. They love it, they stroke it, they covet it \u2013 but they won\u2019t buy it because they consider it too extravagant. Sure, we all have a budget. However, spending a few more pounds on something wonderful can make us feel top of the world.", "How very true! I, too, pay lots of attention to fibre composition and details such as stitching. You are spot on in your assessment that most people only look at the purchase price. I have a formula that I use when buying clothing: purchase price divided by the number of times I wear the item. I have a lovely Diane von Furstenberg silk wrap dress that I bought at Harrods (fellow Brit here \ud83d\ude42 ) for full price several years ago along with a Burberry jacket.", "Both items together were quite expensive indeed (almost 800 quid), but this is a dress that I can wear all year long. I probably wear it 25 times in an average year \u2014 with tights and a woolen coat in winter, and with bare legs and open-toed shoes on a cool summer day. I handwash it and put it on a towel to dry. The same is true for my Burberry jacket \u2014 lots of wear and washes (despite a dry cleaning only label), but it still looks great. I figure that my \u201ccost-per-wear\u201d for the DvF dress, which was roughly \u00a3275, is little more than \u00a31.", "The lesson is to not just look at the price on the shop\u2019s tag, but to calculate how much wear you\u2019ll get out of it. You may be surprised to find that the seemingly high-priced designer item is less expensive than a \u00a325 dress from Primark or Matalan that falls apart after two times in the wash.", "39 Anthea", "I loved reading your comments here \u2013 I\u2019ve often thought I\u2019m alone in the irritation I feel \u2013 physically \u2013 if I try to wear polyester or acrylic \u2013 and mentally, when I see shops full of these fabrics. But now I\u2019m noticing how many garments say that they\u2019re viscose, when they look and feel like polyester. I\u2019m wanting to buy some summer clothes to head off to Africa: it\u2019s only when I reach the heat that the acid test hits I you know the truth of what I\u2019ve bought [it\u2019s snowing now where I live so little chance of finding out at home]. Does anyone know a way \u2013 prior to reaching the sunshine \u2013 of telling whether something truly is viscose or polyester?", "In school we always did burning tests. Viscose, being cellulose, would burn rapidly, leaving an ashy residue that smells of burnt paper. Polyester melts and has a more oily smell, with black smoke. All this will not be of much use in shops though, so all you can do is trust the label\u2026", "41 Marlena", "Yes, there is a good way and that is to feel the fabric. Viscose has a cool feel to it. When you touch it you will know what I mean, it just does not seem to warm at all even if you have warm hands. It always seems cooler. It also has a more \u201cmeaty\u201d, or \u201cweighty\u201d feel in your hand.", "Polyester on the other hand feels more rough and unbreathable. It feels like plastic, as if you can wrap your hand in it and it will almost be waterproof. Feels like if you rub your hair against it it will be static.", "If you do not feel this way about the fabric then it ia probably a blend with cotton or similar, and the bad effects will not be as strong and I would say it is safe to buy.", "Hope it helps! Please check out my blog as fabrics and accessible quality fashion is the topic as I am so passionate about it!", "http://Www.thehighstreetdaily.com", "As someone who sews I have a passion for fabrics and can tell what a cloth is by the feel and so understand the pros and cons of synthetic fibers. The cons are many the pros are few. Why anyone would want to wear a cheap synthetic fiber I can\u2019t understand. Especially as underpants \u2013 eck. People forget we are ourselves organic creatures. Wrap smoked ham in plastic wrap and it will sweat and smell yet if you use a ham cloth it will last a while. Common sense. Ego overcomes sense and the desire for fashion at an affordable price dictates & guides the ego. I do own some synthetic items (its almost impossible to avoid them now) yet I look at the quality feel and weigh it against the price, however in some case they make sense as in quality outdoor and protective clothing, and women\u2019s bras have used synthetics for years but are still able to be comfortable and long wearing. What most people don\u2019t understand is that its all about price and making a buck. The almighty bottom dollar. Natural fabrics take time and money to produce. Synthetics quick and easy. The price of cotton world wide has risen and so producers are adding synthetics to make it stretch out and cut their costs. Bottom line is if people buy they will continue to use it. Its is the consumer that dictates. I personally have spent big money on gorgeous silk and natural fiber items. In turn I look after my garments and they last. I\u2019m not adverse to a bit of viscose/acrylic but the items don\u2019t last and end up in the rag bag. I\u2019m sure many readers have been devastated when they have to throw out a cherished silk, linen or cotton item, not because it looks like a dish cloth or has little lumpy bits, or even lost its shape but because after years and years of wear it just simply wore out, yet it still managed to look and feel great right to the end \u2013 and I bet compliments have been given on it as well. Think quality over quantity. But the world of fast food fashion is brain washing the masses.", "I\u2019ve enjoyed reading the comments on this. I live in Brisbane, a sub-tropical climate with usually hot, humid summers. The only way I can keep cool is to wear cotton garments. I\u2019ve been dismayed lately at the amount of viscose clothes in the cheaper clothing shops recently. I bought a couple of viscose tops (one woven, the other knit fabric) to see how I went with them but they wrinkle badly after hanging in the wardrobe, even when they came off the line fairly wrinkle free after drip-drying; and I\u2019m sure they\u2019ve also shrunk \u2013 so I think these will be heading for the bin soonish \u2013 a waste of money. So back to reading labels on garments in the search for cotton. Good quality cotton, knit or woven, can have very good wearability properties, but it\u2019s hard to find. So the shops won\u2019t be making much money out of me buying new clothes as I\u2019ll be on my perpetual search for cotton. I find it great even in winter \u2013 as well as allowing your skin to breathe, it insulates your body to the temperature you need.", "Something new that has appeared lately are garments made of knit linen. I\u2019ve bought a few and find they\u2019re very comfortable to wear, don\u2019t wrinkle and don\u2019t need ironing like woven linen.", "Has anybody had any experience with clothes made from bamboo, which also seems to be around?", "thanks for your feedback Alice. I\u2019ve personally not experienced bamboo yet, but hopefully others will see it and give you your feedback..", "No sorry, I don\u2019t have any experience with bamboo either. Am intrigued by the knit linen. Should be lovely, linen and not creasing. Wow. Have not seen that in the shops yet.", "Most of my casual blouses are made of bamboo. I purchase them from Chicago\u2019s Merchandise Mart during a once a year One Of A Kind Christmas shopping featuring different designers in the USA and Canada, sometimes Asia. I love this material. I was not careful with washing them the first time, now I treat them with TLC as I replenish them. Gentle wash cold and delicate or no heat dry process. Hang to completely dry, no need to iron.", "Thanks for great feedback Carmen!", "48 Sheil", "I\u2019d add my voice to everyone who doesn\u2019t touch polyester with a barge pole. It\u2019s both uncomfortable and ugly, cheap looking. I can spot it at 100 metres. I don\u2019t mind viscose since it seems breathable and keeps well. I\u2019m ok with buying mixed garments \u2013 cotton or other natural fibres with man made, as long as there\u2019s not too much in it. I find in the right proportion, they help each other and can make for a good product.", "I won\u2019t buy acrylic products either because they degenerate very quickly and find it an inferior \u2018wool\u2019.", "In a tropical climate, I would certainly want to buy natural fibres. I don\u2019t know how people manage to wear anything else. I can only assume they are made into very loose garments(?)", "I do prefer natural products, but can\u2019t always afford them, and some/many are often of inferior quality. Some linen garments are really itchy. I don\u2019t know if it\u2019s just me. A good linen product is a thing of love, to me. It is cherished.", "Thank you for taking part in this conversation Shell and giving feedback!", "50 Crissy", "I recently became aware of the natural feel of wearing 100% cotton clothes. I haven\u2019t purchased anything synthetic this entire year and I\u2019ve never felt better in my clothes. I also switched all my bed sheets, blankets and towels to 100% cotton as well. The feel of natural fibers in your life is so worth it, i recommend it to anyone!", "Yes, it makes a real difference. Thanks for your feedback Crissy!", "52 Omkari", "Not only are synthetics (especially polyester) uncomfortable to wear, they are not healthy for you or the environment. They off-gas in the landfill, take years and years to decompose (if ever) and don\u2019t allow your body to naturally release toxins. People who have to manufacture this \u201ctextile\u201d and make garments from it are at a great health risk. Studies have proven that these workers are showing higher incidents of breast and lung cancer. Don\u2019t buy polyesters!! This is the only way the clothing industry will listen\u2026. when their polyester, health risk garments remain on the racks and the natural fibered ones are purchased and adorning our beautiful, healthy bodies.", "Thanks for the feedback Omkari. I hope many women will read this and stop buying less polyester. Sofar the amount of polyester only seems to increase in shops\u2026.", "Hi, I don\u2019t know how old this article is since I can\u2019t find a date on it so I\u2019m sorry if I\u2019m beating a dead horse. I just wanted to correct you when you said that polyester is bad for the environment. Sure, it\u2019s not the best, but it\u2019s more or less the same as cotton as far as impact is concerned. The extra energy needed to create polyester is about equal to the energy saved from laundering polyester in comparison to cotton. In addition, polyester is recyclable and can thus be turned into a new blouse, skirt, or whatever after it\u2019s been soiled whereas cotton is turned into insulation or other uses. Also, if reference to the scientific process, yes you are wearing plastic when wearing polyester, but you are wearing plastic textiles which naturally have holes in them as a result of being woven together. The size of the threads can be determined giving polyester textiles all different feels to them, which is why in my experience I\u2019ve never felt like I was wearing a plastic bag on a hot day, in fact many of my summer blouses are made from polyester. It\u2019s quite a versatile fabric, and while certain pieces of clothing aren\u2019t suitable for a hot day, it\u2019s because that\u2019s not what it was made for.", "55 EmilyAnn Frances May", "I agree with your commenters about the quality and beauty of natural fibers. I want to add a different point of view concerning the price of clothing and affordability. Given the ongoing difficult times many are having in this economy, many people are obtaining necessities like clothing by buying the lowest price items possible. Synthetics and blends are widely available for many lower income people. Consider how much money a wardrobe for the office would cost a secretary making $30K per year. A pure wool suit would be at least $200. A wool blend much less and a polyester suit would cost maybe $50. When rents consume over half the monthly take home pay, there are many considerations to make when purchasing things like clothing.", "For those who can afford natural fiber clothing and fabrics for sewing one way to help out is to donate these high quality garments to charities that help outfit women who are re-entering the workforce after completing an educational program. Or pass the clothing on to people you know who need some helping out.", "I think some solution can be reached by finding ways to recycle synthetic fibers like they do in Japan.", "Yes very good point EmilyAnn and great suggestions!", "Tired of suffering through scoring desert summers, I jumped on the not-polyester train with gusto in the fall of 2012. My closet is now cotton, linen, silk, and rayon. It\u2019s heaven.", "Yes it can make a real difference!", "The thing with polyester textiles is the wide variety of types of fibers that are not included in the tag. Polyester is a polymer, basically plastic. That means that you can mold it into whatever you want, and there are polyester threads of widely different properties. In most cases, the more noticable difference comes in the filament count. There are many polyester fabrics that are indistiguishable in comfort and properties to cotton, because of a high filament count and a good quality texturizing process (not to mention microfilaments, which have great properties). But it is harder and more expensive to make than polyester with a higher filament count, so most clothing made from polyester is of the lower-grade. The thing is, in the cases where higher quality polyester is used there is no mention of it in the tag, because, in essence, it\u2019s still polyester. You can also give the textile all kinds of inherent properties, from flame-retardancy to impermeability. My point is, don\u2019t hate on polyester because most of is low-grade, and don\u2019t rely entirely on the tag; feel the clothing first, usually it\u2019s enough to tell.", "Yes very true Ariel. But as you say it\u2019s not easy to determine how good the polyester is when you\u2019re in the shops\u2026.", "There would be no way to know how hot a garment will feel in the summer without buying it first, so I just do not buy it. Feeling it by hand is not enough. It all feels awful to me anyway.", "62 GalAboutMtl", "Hi all! I am ALSO trying very hard to avoid polyester in my wardrobe\u2026.but its REALLY difficult! Any suggestions of North American retailers that do a good job of staying away from synthetics, and still offer stylish clothes?", "I just looked at all the shirts I love the most and they are either 100% polyester or a high percentage mix. To me, when polyester is turned into the right kind of fabric, it is the coolest, most breathable, and no unsightly sweating color change when outdoors in some nice hot sun. My exercise wear is all polyester, and I have grown to hate cotton for all it\u2019s flaws in the heat. If I want to keep warm, then I\u2019ll use cotton. Wool is an itchy nightmare. Hand or gently washing my synthetics, and hanging to dry, keeps them so perfect compared to cotton. I wonder why women\u2019s polyester clothing isn\u2019t as wonderful as I think it is.", "I got here looking for more info about fabrics, so surprised to see dislike for synthetics.", "Keith, I apologise for being blunt, but polyester really isn\u2019t a wonderful fabric. As polyester is essentially plastic (it\u2019s a petroleum-based polymer), science has proven over and over again that it does not breathe at all. I really don\u2019t know why you would call your polyester shirts breathable, when every chemist will confirm that polyester fibres do not possess breathability unless you cut holes in the fabric. When wearing polyester you are essentially wrapping your body in a plastic bin liner (from a chemical persepctive): http://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polyesters.html", "Also, cotton doesn\u2019t really keep you very warm at all. It is a breathable fibre with a high water absorption capacity (polyester repels water, btw). Cotton is a fibre suitable for warm climates. It\u2019s not good for cold, wet weather as it has quite poor insulation capabilities. This is a fibre characteristic, and not dependent on the weave.", "I don\u2019t really understand why you would call wool an itchy nightmare unless you are perhaps allergic to lanolin. Merino wool is well-known for its heat retention and insulation abilities, and has been used by outdoorsmen for centuries. The shepherds and farmers in the mountains of Bavaria, Austria, and Switzerland still wear specially woven woolen jackets, cloaks and coats because they protect so well from the elements. Essential in an area where the weather can go from a pleasant 20 C with clear blue skies to a snow and hail storm within 60 to 90 minutes.", "http://www.merkur-online.de/aktuelles/bayern/mm-mehr-zuschuesse-bayerische-bergbauern-298562.html and http://www.fotos.sc/gali_+192589/gallery.html", "65 EmiyAnn Frances May", "Keith, well thought out comments based on your own experiences. For me, some natural fibers are also very disagreeable since I\u2019m allergic to goats hair and certain woolens make me itch. I once worked with an interfacing that contained goats hair (I think it was Armo hair canvas) while making a dressmaker suit. My hands began to itch and turn very red. I had not checked the content of the interfacing before buying. Although Armo gives a lovely shaping to a woman\u2019s suit for someone like me it would result in a very costly visit to the dermatologist.", "What I\u2019m trying to say is that we all have different needs and different responses to fibers. There should always be a variety available. What needs to be done is find a way to creatively recycle all kinds of fibers when our clothing is no longer serviceable as a garment for ourselves or as a give-away to others.", "If I have a year end bonus I could splurge on something lovely but the hard cold reality is that luxury items during this prolonged recession are the province of those who can afford to buy them without having an impact on their other responsibilities. If one can do so they by all means enjoy your shopping and spending. make your choices and respect the choices others make.", "I always check the labels, hate buying polyester for the same reasons \u2013 it looks cheaper and makes me feel \u2018damp\u2019. Why are manufacturers ignoring more natural products? Why aren\u2019t designers using more viscose, which still breathes and can look like jersey, silk, or cotton? I find shopping incredibly frustrating, as most dresses are either entirely polyester, or a polyester spandex mix. I have heard about higher quality polyester having more breathable properties, but not yet found it, even by feeling the material. I am not a pure material fanatic, as viscose or rayon is fine with me, but having a wider choice of materials available would be nice.", "67 liz", "Yes!! I ALWAYS look at fabric type. Polyester is a total deal breaker for me, too. Bummer as it seems to have replaced cotton in a lot of clothing lately. I, too, have noticed that higher end stores are selling garments with poly, and for an arm and a leg. They would have to pay ME to wear such things.", "68 Jeanette Ball", "Totally agree about synthetics \u2013 here in Australia where it is hot and most of the population live on the coast (read:humid) our stores are filled with polyester garments.", "I hate wearing anything synthetic and living in the tropics means I need natural fibres. I found it really hard to find anything made of natural fibres when I first came to Singapore years ago so I started making my own clothes again. Now I think there is a little more available in natural fibres but I have more selection and control of what works for me with going to the fabric markets and sewing. I do not mind the creases that natural fabric give, and yes polyester fabric does not crease and always looks good but it is not a fabric for the humid weather. I always check the fabric labels before I purchase anything. I wish they were easier to find on the garments as sometimes there are none.", "Yes you\u2019re right that details are sometimes hard to find here. I don\u2019t think there are specific regulations here (as I know there are in Europe). Well done for creating your own clothes!", "I will not buy anything with any amount of polyester in it. I sweat a lot as it is. UGH. Even stores like GAP are now adding a lot of poly to their tees, etc. Fabric content is the first consideration after looks for me.", "I have respiratory reactions to synthetic fabrics; polyester and rayon being the worst. (Even washing the item doesn\u2019t help). I am able to wear a small amount of cotton clothing with spandex content below my waist but cannot wear spandex above my waist \u2013 again the respiratory reactions, including a headache. I wear 100% cotton tees, and tank tops when exercising. Cotton and small amount of spandex content for the bottoms. I don\u2019t have any trouble finding cotton tops and I shop online often. For dress selections I am limited to cotton and silk and the search for dresses is challenging. Fabric content is first thing I check. It is a comfort to know that I am not alone in this difficulty of searching for synthetic free clothing.", "Hi Shirley, Wow I never realised reactions to synthetic clothing could be so severe. Thanks a lot for your feedback.", "74 One Bert", "Polyester is superior to cotton. All Nike Dri-fit and Adidas Climate Control apparel is made of 100 percent polyester. It fits better, keeps you dry, keeps it\u2019s size, retains it\u2019s color, and doesn\u2019t stains easily contrary to what the writer would have you believe. This article is nonsense when it comes to that fabric\u2026", "For sport yes as it needs to do different things. Here in Singapore I also prefer the dryfit sportswear to cotton but for normal wear polyester is definitely not the way to go.", "No, One Bert, this article isn\u2019t rubbish. Polyester is not superior at all. I suggest not buying into the marketing hype, but studying the actual science behind the making of polyester. Feel free to wear your plastic, but don\u2019t tout its superiority to others who know more about fabrics.", "http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/polyester.aspx", "http://www.popsci.com/article/cotton-vs-polyester-which-gym-clothes-trap-most-body-odor", "http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/09/05/346055067/stinky-t-shirt-bacteria-love-polyester-in-a-special-way", "I also shop by looking at labels due to the lack of breathability for the synthetics. It is really tough to find natural and breathable clothes that are stylish and available locally.", "I agree with you that I avoid buying synthetic fabrics whenever possible. My body seems even more sensitive to breath-ability because I find even synthetic athletic fabrics that say specifically that they are breathable are not breathable enough for my body. Does anyone else out there find athletic garments that say they are breathable not breathable enough? I can wear something from cotton or wool and feel comfortable but when I put on something synthetic in the same environment I am suddenly hot and uncomfortable. I can wear a mix of the two fabrics and depending on the percentages, I can feel comfortable. A little synthetic material (<20%) is usually fine for me.", "Yeah I\u2019m the same too. It seems as though here in the UK,people don\u2019t pay much attention to materials when buying clothing and are sometimes ready to fork out \u00a3100 on a polyester dress which cost \u00a310 pounds to make just because of the brand name. Quality is often forgotten. However I\u2019m French and in France ,people pay much more attention to those kinds of things. You\u2019ll often see people asking the shop assistants what material the clothing is made out of just as you do.", "The following rule tends to be true over there: The more high market the shop,the more natural materials they use and when they use sythetic it can be a mix of very good quality stuff.", "I however, CANNOT wear polyester or acrylic for more than an hour or 2 as it makes me sweat soo much and for some reason it also tends to make my sweat smelly which is something I don\u2019t get from cotton or wool. \ud83d\ude42 Makes me itch too. BUT I find that good quality gymwear is almost always synthetic and I prefer it to cotton sports wear which just seems to absorb all the humidity. Pretty interesting contradiction really \ud83d\ude42", "I, too, wear predominantly natural fibers. Pretty much all of the observations made in others\u2019 comments are why synthetics don\u2019t work for me. (My body does seem to do fine in rayon, although I did not know it was so polluting to create). I especially like bamboo\u2013it is so soft and silky, but I don\u2019t know if it, too, requires a creation process that is not environmentally friendly.", "In less than two months my son is getting married (a winter wedding in Houston). His bride really wants me to wear a formal mother-of-the-groom dress to conform with her mom\u2019s and stepmom\u2019s choice in wedding wear. I\u2019ve been urged NOT to wear black, but after hours of searching, I am not finding natural fibers in formal wear (except black). Does anyone have a suggestions as to where to look? I have olive skin but could wear deep teal, forest or sage green, deep plum, some browns\u2013like chocolate, navy. I\u2019d like 3/4 or long sleeves or a jacket if dress is sleeveless. I\u2019m about 5\u20197\u2033, (38AA), 140lbs. (Size 8-10.) The bride\u2019s desire is that I wear tea-length or maxi hem. I\u2019d prefer to spend $250 or less (so probably no silk), and want to be able to use the dress again.", "Thanks for any leads. \ud83d\ude42", "Hi Jessica. You may like to look at this article for inspiration https://40plusstyle.com/how-to-dress-mother-of-the-bride/ even though prices tend to be quite high for this store. Other than that it will be a matter of trying every store. I found this dress https://40plusstyle.com/the-blue-green-party-dress/ at Cos, which is a (brushed) pure cotton, but you will need to lucky to find something like this. You can also check my selection of dresses here which come in a variety of fabrics: https://40plusstyle.com/fabulous-dresses-and-tunics/ Good luck and enjoy the wedding! (By the way, this is a once-in-a-lifetime event; I once made the mistake of not spending enough on a major event so I do believe in spending more for special events like this. Perhaps you could consider a silk dress after all).", "Hi, Jessica. I second Kate\u2019s separates suggestion. I chose separates for my friend\u2019s wedding who had a similar request. Her wedding was held in the middle of summer. She had a 3-color scheme that flattered most skin tones. I wore an olive linen ensemble \u2013 maxi skirt, tank, collared jacket \u2013 and it turned out great!", "I firmly believe that formality exists on a continuum. I completely understand both your future daughter-in-law\u2019s wish that you dress formally and avoid black (it really is overrated and overdone), and your desire to find something in a natural fibre and flattering, rewearable cut. My advice is separates! Separates can look as formal as you wish them to be \u2013 a full, floor-length ball gown skirt and matching bustier can be white tie appropriate \u2013 or the very same skirt can be more casual when paired with a blouse or a simple cashmere jumper. You can also select a sleeker skirt silhouette. I will post some image links later. I am currently on my Ipad which makes switching between windows very difficult.", "84 Connie Anderson", "I am a highly sensitive person. It was near impossible to find school clothes as a kid. Acrylic must not breathe. I get so hot in it. It would be good for park as. I usually stick to cotton with a hint of something else so it won\u2019t shrink. I couldn\u2019t stomach polyester. But I love microfiber in blankets, etc. It is just impossible to find clothes that don\u2019t scratch, don\u2019t make me feel like I am in a sauna, pinch, bind, etc. I love to dress nice for work, outings, etc.. But, like you said: too many synthetic materials and very cheap sewing from third world countries (WomanWithin).", "85 metta jr", "Hii\u2026\u2026am from Tanzania\u2026.", "I always prefer to wear cloth made from cotton since it makes me comfotable", "i am an elderly lady who cannot wear synthetics at all bras are a nightmare I break out in a really firey sore rash if I try I am big busted so do really need a bra but cannot buy a all cotton one anywhere..ideally I would like some made but can\u2019t even do that,always wear cotton tops and pants no nylon taboo", "Ever try girlease bra liners , they are great ! Company is in San Diego CA. Found them one line . This is a step up from when grand ma used to put tissues in bra ! LoL. Also try gold bond powder or other anti fungal powder or OTC anti fungal cream after clearing with your doctor of course.", "88 Christiane", "I just wanted to suggest to take corn starch instead of Gold bond because it\u2019s the same stuff but they had chemicals in it for preservation (apparently It helps to preserve but corn starch is one of the best and versatile product that ever exist with many anti-bacterial, anti-viral and fungal and so on in it\u2026 I also wanted to add that I too i\u2019m very picky with the material i wear and always check the label. Cotton, bamboo is new to me and i love it, wool, leather etc\u2026 even my household has to be as closest as possible to true material like wood. I\u2019m sick of finding plastic in everything and everywhere. Today i was actually looking up for a pillow i saw on FB. The filling inside is call Fossflakes so i want to know what the flakes are made up of and that\u2019s how i fell on your site\u2026 This is the ingredients i found\u2026 The filling material of the Fossflakes Superior Comfort-U Body Pillow Senior is a unique blend of 70% Fossflakes Essentials (polyethylene) and 30% Fossflakes Clusters (siliconized polyester fibers)\u2026. How good is that? Completely turned me off\u2026 too bad it was a nice body pillow.", "89 Rasna", "I am very picky as well! It is nice to see that I am not the only one. It doesn\u2019t matter how beautiful a garment is, if it is polyester or rayon I don\u2019t buy it. I stick mainly to cotton and silk, and sometime cashmere if I can afford it.", "90 K. Louise, Spoonie Style", "I have a facebook page and fashion blog for people living with chronic illness and/or chronic pain\u2013a common side effect for many medications is sweating for no reason, in addition to the fact that many chronic illnesses come with a \u201cbroken\u201d personal thermostat and/or extreme skin sensitivity. This makes polyester a very difficult fabric for my readers to wear, and probably 2/3 of the research I do on clothing is spent just checking fabric content. I make a point of including plus-size items (weight gain being another common side effect of maintenance meds and limited physical activity) and about 97% of plus-size clothing, including very high-end items, is polyester. I do allow, with some caveats, clothing made of nylon or occasionally acrylic, since these at least have slightly better moisture permeability\u2026.and since virtually every bra in existence is made of nylon or polyester, it\u2019s an important distinction at times. For the commenter Jessica, looking for a mother-of-the-groom dress, you may want to look into Rent the Runway\u2013an option which allows you to rent extremely high-end gowns for an event rather than purchasing them outright. Soft Surroundings is a nice source for highly embellished pieces and items in quality fabrics that come in regular and plus sizes. For simple basics, J. Jill is perhaps the best at reliable quality and timelessness\u2013their fit model is very boxy, however, so sizing down or having small alterations made may be advisable for some who prefer a more curve-skimming fit.", "Im With You. Cannot Wear, Or Wont Wear, Synthetics.", "92 Ann", "Couldn\u2019t agree more about polyester and other synthetics. I too am an avid reader of labels. I have to disagree about wool however. I have sensitive skin (made worse by chemotherapy) but I wear woollen underwear in winter\u2014I have some which feels like silk. It all depends on the right wool. Superfine merino is the way to go, not cheap stuff from China. And I have to also disagree about other fibres keeping one just as warm as wool. The only ones that do that are other natural fibres such as alpaca or cashmere \u2014which can be obtained for a reasonable price if you shop around.", "93 Rosie the Grouch", "I\u2019m very curious to know where you find (soft) woollen underwear? I have never seen that. In fact, even just 100% cotton underpants are hard to find where I shop (Northern and Central Europe).", "94 George Kiama", "I am also concerned about Polyester because it is hard to clean I have some few Polyester clothes.I normally don\u2019t look at the fabric when buying.In Africa many people are not aware of fabrics and their qualities.", "95 Nikki Franklin", "I also always read labels anything cotton silk linen mix are good for me. I have also recently tried viscose & does seem to breathe quite well. I find assistants in shops seem a bit mystified when request what fabric contains & wish sometimes the writing was a big bigger as very hard to decipher. Thanks for the list of fabrics & their qualities", "I find polyester hot, and I am upset that it is almost all the jeans I have shopped for including Gap, Old Navy and Loft.", "If anyone knows of jeans that are cotton only with some spandex maybe, let me know.", "I don\u2019t know what type of jeans you like, but when I wear denim, which doesn\u2019t happen very often, I choose Seven for all Mankind. Mine are 96% cotton with a bit of spandex. I also have a pair of J. Crew jeans that are cotton with just a bit of stretch, and Banana Republic still makes 98% cotton jeans with a hint of spandex for better fit.", "Hi there. For jeans and t-shirts that are mostly cotton with a bit of spandex try American eagle outfitters! Infact I found very few with polyester and I look very carefully as I appear to have a sensitivity to polyester.", "Many of aeo have viscose as well which is so soft and comfy.", "T-shirts are 100% cotton. Check out the yoga pants as well .", "I hope this helps. Their prices are agreeable too.", "99 Mavis", "Hi there \u2013 I could not agree more \u2013 I cannot wear synthetic materials as I get so hot and water really does run down me (perspiration)! Why are so many garments made of it. Even expensive clothes. Don\u2019t they realise it causes so many problems and is so bad for the environment. What can we do apart from not buying the goods but others do not see it and just buy all the time.", "100 mxine", "Hi, im a graphic designer living in rarotonga, cook islands. I found this blog because of my research on buying a sublimation that print designs on fabrics for display and hoped of printing on a variety of fabrics but to my dismay it will only on POLYESTER, the thank you for the info its important for us to use breathable and environmentally friendly fabrics and in the last 15 years we have been seeing an increase in polyester sarongs and fabrics not suited to our island climate\u2026puzzling? Like why? I almost was going to purchase this amazing printer but only by cause the colours looks so hood and vibrant. Thank you:-)", "I am a label checker also, polyester makes me sweat. It also affects my deodorant. 100% cotton or silk for me.", "I love the look of polyester shirts and love that they last longer than other materials like cotton. However, all of my polyester shirts stick to my skin which cause a very unattractive look (shows my stomach) and is obnoxious. Any advice on how to help this issue would be very appreciated! I have thought about a cotton undershirt? I have polyester undershirts and that makes everything stick together.", "Yes a cotton underskirt could help. Of course this issue is one of the reasons I avoid polyester skirts myself.", "104 VICKIE", "Your list failed to mention the most wonderful fabric for clothing or home furnishings, and that is natural flax linen. As I have grown older, comfort is my number 1 issue in clothing, due to health and other concerns. I began making my own loose style of clothing with linen because I could not find the style and fabric I wanted in the stores. Linen is the way to go for all clothing as it is breathable, antibacterial, and comfortable in all seasons. I suggest that anyone dealing with health issues, menopause, or just want a more organic way of living to try linen. I wear nothing else!", "Thanks for letting us know Vickie!", "106 Rosie the Grouch", "I also couldn\u2019t help noticing that linen was missing from the list. Two other plant fabrics missing are hemp and bamboo \ud83d\ude42", "I agree, Vickie, this past year I\u2019ve been hit hard with Perimenopause, and I\u2019ve been searching for clothes that are breathable. Linen has been the best, but I still have not found a bra I can comfortably wear.", "108 Valerie", "Its such a relief to find someone who thinks like me \u2026. I really hate all of this synthetic fabric that seem to be everywhere these days. Polyester, nylon and spandex are the worse ones for me. I know of many women who shop in \u2018second hand clothing\u2019 stores for just this reason where they can pick up items with quality natural fabrics.", "AND \u2026 whats with the use of Merino wool ??? When I was young this was only used for carpet and the like because it was so tough. Why are we not using the softer wools \u2013 you would think Merino was the only sheep that roamed this planet.", "Anyway Vickie, thanks for publishing \u2026 its a very interesting read .", "109 Ann", "I don\u2019t know where you live Valerie, but it is well known in Australia that Merino sheep produce the finest wool. It may have been used for carpets when you were young but years of careful breeding have reduced the micron reading so that it can now be used for all-season wear, even summer. I do agree with you about the synthetics though\u2014horrible and uncomfortable.", "I have to disagree; A poly-spandex blend such as in activewear is almost exclusively all that I\u2019ll wear. The colors don\u2019t fade, the fabric is taut and durable, it\u2019s supportive, looks vibrant, much easier to wash, less expensive to wash (cold water, gentle cycle, low heat dry), doesn\u2019t hold onto water and sweat like cotton and similar fabrics do, stretches and conforms to the body, more resistant to shrinkage, and is not a source of nutrition for bugs or other pests.", "Plus, what difference does it make if a cotton shirt or a polyester shirt is out in a landfill? It\u2019s still gonna take years and years for either one to decompose.", "111 Jeannie", "It\u2019s true that a polyester shirt could take up to 200 years to decompose, but a cotton shirt takes less than one year to decompose, often less than 6 months.", "Ummmm \u2026. exactly!!! less than one year \u2013 which basically means they dont last. At all. i wear designer clothing \u2013 i want it to last longer than just 1 year!! completely agree andrew \u2013 synthetic fabrics are more comfortable, hygeinic and durable.", "Reading the many comments regarding how many find it difficult to locate 100%", "cotton apparel, I\u2019m compelled to introduce my family\u2019s company, Needham Lane.", "Designed in USA and manufactured in India, all of our products, dresses, skirts, tunics, sleepwear, are made in 100% cotton. Visit our line at http://www.needhamlane.com", "114 Leola Kielty", "I am 83 years old and cannot wear polyester and other similar fabrics. My entire body gets very cold and sweaty all over. In recent years I find lots of fabrics made of cotton with some polyester which I can usually wear. However, for many years starting in 1950 thru 2010 it was impossible to find cotton blouses and shirts. For years I didn\u2019t realize what was causing me to be so uncomfortable and clammy all the time. I would advise everyone to only put cotton clothes on their babies. When my son was born (1951) I didn\u2019t understand about fabrics and I am sure he suffered from the fabrics I put on him. He was a sweaty and fussy baby. Please mothers, only put clothes on your babies that are cotton or at least 50% cotton. Carter makes lots of them.", "115 Karen Griffin", "Thanks for these comments. Since I started menopause I have had such trouble keeping my body temperature regulated and finding comfortable clothing. Cotton without polyester is becoming harder and harder to find. I buy only 100% cotton sheets and cotton or wool blankets. Otherwise I\u2019m miserable. It makes it hard to go somewhere \u2013 I usually travel with my own bedding, which makes me seem ungrateful as a guest when I use my own bedding. I\u2019m glad to hear that I\u2019m not the only one who notices how polyester makes you so uncomfortable. Even when signs say \u201ccotton\u201d they might not be more than partly cotton. Keep reading labels! I especially love the comments about the babies. I see these babies wearing the most outrageous get-ups sometimes in the name of fashion. Poor little guys!", "116 LiLi", "Nice read overall. Be careful listing above fibers. Modal and Viscose/Rayon are artifical fibers (a mix of chemical and natural materials)", "117 Valerie RJ", "As many have said, it\u2019s nice to see it\u2019s not just me.", "One issue for me is, fabrics with a high polyester content (heaven forbid 100%!) not only don\u2019t breathe, but a lot of times they don\u2019t give. Especially when you\u2019re talking a button down shirt.", "The primary issue is, polyester (and most manmade fibers) make my skin crawl. I seem to have skin that is sensitive to touch. I have the same problem with wool, cashmere, and angora. Feels great when I touch them with my hands, but I put it on and it makes me swat at whatever is trying to touch me. Especially my face.", "If I wear it too long it will actually cause my skin to hurt\u2026", "I am also with you. I will not wear anything polyester, period.", "I find it astounding that a company like Underarmor is so successful. Their clothing is almost elusively polyester.", "For those seeking 100% soft cotton sleepwear and apparel, I invite you to visit my company, Needham Lane,website, http://www.needhamlane.com", "120 Karianne", "Thanks for writing this article! For me synthetic clothing is a no-go to, mostly because of the static shocks you get when wearing these fabrics. In The Netherlands it\u2019s cold quite often so the heating is on at home and everywhere you go. The air gets very dry because of it and synthetics will give me shocks with almost everything I touch.", "Viscose syntetics? Absolutely wrong. Viscose/Rayon is made from cellulose. Cotton is also cellulose. It is breathable which is impossible for a syntetic fiber. Modal is also viscose but a little stronger.", "You better check your sources.", "This is what Wikipedia says: Viscose is both a semi-synthetic fiber, formerly called viscose rayon, or rayon and a solution of cellulose xanthate. The latter is produced by treating dissolving pulp with aqueous sodium hydroxide and carbon disulfide which is used to spin the viscose rayon fiber. Although a large part of it is cellulose, it\u2019s still very much a man-made fabric. It\u2019s actually declining in popularity due to its high pollution levels.", "Thank you for this fabric information. I always question polyester because I\u2019ve been told it\u2019s changed from when it first came out years ago, but I still find that it does not breathe unless it is a lower percentage combined with another fabric such as cotton with exception to polyester and spandex. Many times I find something that I really like with beautiful colors and learn it is 100% Polyester. I pass. In regards to Mohair which should be soft and comfortable I don\u2019t understand why I find that it itches.", "I landed on this page while looking for advice about electric blankets \u2014 they all seem to be made of synthetic fabric. I wanted to know the difference between \u201cnon-woven polyester\u201d, and, well, ordinary polyester. Until about 9 years ago, I slept between sheets that where a blend of polyester and cotton. When I got my first pure cotton bed sheets \u2014 WOW! \u2014 the increase in comfort was AMAZING. I actually slept more peacefully, woke up well-rested and in comfort. Now I can almost say I\u2019m allergic to polyester. But I guess there\u2019s no such thing as a cotton, or wool, or even silk electric blanket. I\u2019m thinking that the cotton sheets I use will shield me from the dreaded polyester, but I know polyester to generate a lot of static electricity. In my case it\u2019s especially bad because I have long flowing hair, which itself sparks when I comb it (which I rarely need to do anyway). Any info & advice would be most welcome.", "Non-woven is most likely a fleece like material.", "126 Maureen", "I agree for the most part. I much prefer natural fibers in general, but every once in awhile will find a polyester blend that works for me and wears well. I like that I can grab it in the morning without having to iron. I recently brought a beautiful poly/spandex dress which I have never done before and I was pleasantly surprised how comfortable it is. Possibly manufacturers are improving the quality a little these days.", "127 Ainun Najwa", "In the recent years, human have known how to make their own fibers by synthesizing the cellulose like molecules from oils example are polyester and nylons. The synthesizing forms are quite flexible and often very poor in breathing and hence they should always be mix with cotton.", "128 Anabela", "It\u2019s nice to learn that it\u2019s not just me that looks at fabric labels! What\u2019s also upsetting is that active wear/ sports where your skin should breathe because your sweating, a lot of Sports wear is polyester and expensive! They cheap out on quality but still sell it pricey!", "I just don\u2019t like how polyester feels on my skin and knowing that it\u2019s not environmentally friendly makes it worse.", "I am more concerned about how a garment looks and feels than fabric content, but I, too, have trouble wearing polyester. I have a couple tops that are labeled as polyester, but feel more like rayon. One is woven and the other is light knit. I have a couple other light knit items that are polyester but are very light and soft. I can wear these, too, but they are not very cool in summer. I have no problem wearing rayon, although it does not hold up as well as most other fabrics. Rayon feels cool in hot weather, but tears easily when wet. This means it does not hold up well for wearing during strenuous activity when you sweat. I have been having a lot of trouble finding night gowns. I absolutely cannot wear polyester or poly-cotton blend nightgowns. Polyester is usually made of short fibers that pill after a few washings. Pilled polyester feels like steel wool against my skin. There was a company that made the best cotton nightgowns until about ten years ago when they started selling 60 percent cotton, 40 percent polyester gowns. Soon nearly all the nightgowns sold in better department stores were made of poly-cotton. I am very careful at looking at fabric labels when I shop for nightgowns. It does not matter how careful I am. Sometimes I see a gown that says 100 percent cotton, but the \u201chand\u201d of it feels just like polyester. Designers are also using more short staple cotton. That too will pill just like polyester. Unfortunately, I think that in the future we will be seeing more short staple cotton in our clothing because long staple cotton is very expensive to grow. Growers need to use a lot of pesticides on it. Short staple cotton is not as susceptible to the pests that can ruin long staple cotton crops.", "130 Anja Sutcliffe", "Hello, I am searching the net for women that share my concern about polyester and synthetic clothing across the board especially in women\u2019s fashion. I am one of those women who cannot wear polyester and nylon and depended on cotton clothing my entire life. Not just when we are 40+, synthetic clothing irritates younger women as well. I got so fed up with the industry, specially in the legging market, that I developed my own brand of colorful cotton leggings. I opened my company Just for Colors in August 2016. It took almost a year to develop the company and my product to design and perfect the fit and the cotton fabric for my leggings. My leggings are designed with the mature women\u2019s body in mind with a design that doesn\u2019t squeeze us into shape but pants that give us flexibility and breathing room while conforming perfectly to our natural bodyform.", "I found in the last 20 years that polyester and nylon kicked out cotton in the entire industry, including leggings, I was unable to find cotton leggings anywhere in the stores or online that where colorful and cheerful. I did find them for my daughter and was always mad that there is nothing for us older girls out there in cotton. Blacks and grays are dominating the market.There is nothing wrong with a black or grey legging, but if that is all there is than there is a problem. I don\u2019t want to wear blacks and grays, I love color and I love fun designs and prints. Leggings for everyday wear, specially as a stay-at-home mom, who just wants to feel dressed and comfortable in functional clothes, that can be washed with ease and thrown into the dryer without feeling static. I have suffered my younger years with eczema and still have a tendency to very dry and easy irritable skin, thus I avoid synthetics at all cost. The same can be said for women\u2019s bras, there is nothing , absolutely nothing out there in cotton, just very unfashionable sport bras, that look terrible after a few times in the wash. Accommodating bras and panties are next on my designer heart. I also would love to experiment with other sustainable fabrics, specially with clothes that directly touch the skin.", "I am asking for help in introducing my cotton leggings to the market in finding women who encounter the same issues that I have in a world that has put plastic in our daily lives and has taken over the clothing industry and convinced us women that we have to wrap ourselves in plastic to be fashionable. My skin needs cotton, it cannot breathe without it. I am a women over 50 and I want to be fashionable and wear fun clothes that won\u2019t compromise my health.", "131 Fiona Blair", "Please check out my good friends facebook page \u2013 she is of the same opinion as you with her clothing line and will never make anything out of polyester!", "132 Simone Altmann", "An interesting and informative blog. I too am a label looker as I just can\u2019t tolerate synthetic fibres. Mela Purdie an Australian fashion designer uses a fabric called mouseline tec polyester. I can\u2019t seem to find any information on this fabric. Although it sounds synthetic it is a fabric that I can wear. Can anyone shed any light on this fabric?", "I definitely avoid polyester, it gives me an awful rash. Also, it makes you sweat smell much worse. Once I slept in a hotel with 50% polyester sheets and I got all itchy.", "Last few years I find it more easy to find cotton jeans without polyester.", "But now I\u2019m shopping for a summer dress and it seems 90% is polyester!", "Viscose is ok, it breathes, no humid feeling and no rash. (I thought it was natural)", "Well I just read all the comments and then went and checked all my clothes and was shockingly surprised that most of my best looking shirts and pants are 60% cotton and 40% polyester.", "On the other hand all my 100% cotton clothes looking dull just after a single hand wash. I don\u2019t know about the rest of you but I want to look good and wool, linen and cotton doesn\u2019t do it for me.", "There is a reason why there is so much polyester and nylon out there. Cause it looks good and very durable.", "In my view girl will sacrifice a bit of discomfort in order to look amazing rather than look like a granny in a wrinkled, cheap looking dress.", "Combinations of polyester with another fabric can look good. But many polyesters actually look cheap and don\u2019t look good in my opinion. As with anything it depends on the quality. However, the main reason why there is so much polyester and nylon is because it\u2019s cheap to produce and brands simply make more money from it.", "I love the breakdown of these fabrics as I am always explaining the differences to people after I took a textiles class in college. My biggest fabric beef is with rayon, not so much woven raton but the rayon spandex blends because even if you dont dry them they shrink to much over time. My favorite is linen..obviously because its breathable but also because it can get a little baggy throughout the day whih I actually like. I hate when people complain that linen is too sheer or shrinks, like no sh**t do your research before buying fabrics.", "137 Lisa", "Who cares, most people can\u2019t afford to buy all their clothing in natural fibre fabrics. I see something I like, I try it on and if it looks good and feels good and I can afford it then I buy it. I hate it when people are so laadidaa and picky about everything. Some synthetic wools and fabrics feel nicer than the animal fabrics.", "I don\u2019t have a problem with natural vs synthetic necessarily. I just go by the look and feel of the garment. Some 100 percent cotton garments can also look and feel quite cheap, for example, if the fabric is too thin or coarse. I have no knowledge of garment manufacture, but I usually look at the stitching to see if a garment is higher or lower quality. Messy stitching or crooked seams are a dead giveaway. I also like to see that that the patterns match up along seams or at least don\u2019t look obviously misaligned. I would like to know if there are some fabric blends that are considered higher quality than others or are more durable.", "Thank-you! It\u2019s frustrating shopping when the vast majority of clothes are made from those itchy, fake fabrics! I\u2019m actually put off working in an office because I cannot stand the thought of all the polyester shirts and trousers; I feel itchy, sweaty and gross just thinking about it! They\u2019re always the wrong feeling, like when it\u2019s hot they\u2019re sweaty but when it\u2019s cold, they\u2019re freezing. Like reverse thermals. It\u2019s so distracting when your clothes just aren\u2019t right and it\u2019s so difficult to find anything made out of a nice, breathable fabrics. I don\u2019t even shop with my friends now because I wind them up feeling all the fabrics first. Don\u2019t even get me started on how badly women\u2019s clothes are designed too, they\u2019re uncomfortable, impractical and mostly made of sweaty sandpaper lol! Give me strength. Please do a separate article on where to buy well made clothes online because I think everyone is done with the high street and I\u2019d be so interested in finding a store/ brand I can finally trust! xxx", "140 Tessa", "Sorry for the correction by Viscose is manufactured from naturally occurring polymers so it is classified as a semi-synthetic fabric, not a synthetic one as you have put. Because although the fibres are naturally-occurring, the Viscose process used to make the fabric is very much man-made. It is defined as a \u2018re-generated cellulose fibre\u2019. Also, Rayon is the generic name used for any fibre using regenerated cellulose and subsequently the yarn and fabric made from this. Viscose however, is the process that the wood pulp goes through to make the Rayon fabric, there are other processes used to make Rayon fabrics, such as Modal or Lyocell, again these are given their names after the process used to make them. Both Model and Lyocell are more environmentally friendly processes than the viscose process, but they are still a cellulosic fibre that makes a rayon fabric. The viscose process is also called the \u2018Cellulose Xanthate\u2019 process!", "Yes, I look at clothing labels and won\u2019t wear certain things. I am also studying a masters in fashion futures and sustainability and read a lot about fibres!", "141 Derick Lloyd", "I have a casual jacket manufactured by SOHO UNITED, that does not have a Washing or Dry Cleaning instruction label. There IS a tab that identifies the material as 50% Poliester (not Polyester), and 50% AL6ODON (or something close to that, it is not totally clear) and I need to determine how to clean it. It was a gift to me and unfortunately I am unable to determine a way of contacting the manufacturer, or the establishment it was purchased from. I have searched extensively for information without success, and hope some kind caring person can advise me.", "142 Sue", "I detest polyester \u2013 hot in the summer, cold in the winter, and does not breathe.", "To me, polyester = plastic. I don\u2019t care what other name it gets called; it\u2019s still plastic. Lived in Houston and polyester in 99% humidity does not work together. Houston women don\u2019t wear hosiery either. It\u2019s just miserable. Ladies \u2014 if something says it\u2019s \u201csilky\u201d that does not mean it is real silk. Silky is glorified polyester.", "Try real silk (if you can afford it), linen, cotton or a combination of cotton and linen. If it\u2019s 100% linen, you might consider having it dry cleaned \u2014 it doesn\u2019t wrinkle as much as washing. I can manage some items with rayon. Yes, you may pay more for natural fabrics, but they usually last longer. Look at it this way \u2014 natural fabrics are cheaper than heat strokes.", "143 hiuzetr", "I recently saw a $230 Prada men\u2019s tie made of polyester. The polyester turned me of more than the price. And then I saw the tie was lined with silk!! Why didn\u2019t they make the tie of silk and its lining of polyester?? Almost comical.", "144 A.C. Smith", "Yeah, me too! My initial prejudice is for naturals and against synthetics. However, my extensive wardrobe still includes a few synthetic or part synthetic items and I\u2019d be loath to chuck them, because they do do a turn. Really, it\u2019s a matter of horses for courses. Thus, e.g., while most of my shirts are 100% cotton (including some sea", "island quality), there are also a dozen or so polycotton shortsleeved ones that are convenient and were also dirt cheap. Again, most of my tailored suits are 100% pure wool but that doesn\u2019t stop me occasionally wearing the one wool and poly mix one any more than the silk and linen mix one. Such eclecticism leads to desirable versatility. I have all cotton underwear but would wear certain synthetic base layers for their thermal properties.", "I cannot stand polyester! The man-made materials of all kinds seem to continually cause issues in the world. I am extremely allergic to it. I am always carrying benadryl. If I react I can have hives the size of my head all over my body, eyes swollen shut, lips up to 3x their size. I\u2019ve been reacting for 14yrs now. Olive oil on hives helps with itch, either claritin or zytec everyday has helped with touch all day in places I go and not notice.", "I was wondering what sort of features a fabric made of 95% polyester and 5% elastane. Does it perish easily? is it see through? how does it go after a few washes?", "147 Deb", "I detest polyester and acrylics but I don\u2019t have the budget for Eileen Fisher \u2013 plus her clothes just don\u2019t flatter my petite pear-shaped figure \u2013 way too boxy. I find I\u2019ve been buying more modal or microfiber.", "The bright green drape dress", "What kind of clothes do women over 40 want?", "The best dresses with sleeves for summer", "Fitness clothes for women over 40 \u2013 some ideas", "Previous post: Can women over 40 buy only expensive clothing?", "Next post: The bright green drape dress" ] }, { "url": "https://oureverydaylife.com/the-advantages-of-polyester-cotton-12402231.html", "title": "The Advantages of Polyester Cotton Our Everyday Life", "content": [ "The Advantages of Polyester Cotton", "About Polyester Cotton Blend", "The Advantages of Wool Clothing", "Which Fabrics Are Most Fire Resistant?", "Lauren Burke/Photodisc/Getty Images", "Polyester-cotton material is a blend of both fabrics, with a ratio in the vicinity of 35 percent polyester and 65 percent cotton, although 50-50 blends are also readily available. When the two materials are blended, the wearer gets the benefits of both polyester and cotton fibers in one fabric.", "Pros and Cons of Polyester", "Polyester is sometimes referred to as the poor man\u2019s cotton, notes the Portland Tribune website. It isn\u2019t as comfortable as cotton because it keeps sweat close to your body, whereas cotton soaks up and then releases moisture. Unlike cotton, polyester does not breathe and is apt to stick to skin when an individual sweats, but it is extremely tear-resistant and is more elastic than cotton. Polyester is a strong and flexible material and extends the wear of cotton. Manmade fabrics, such as polyester, don\u2019t allow air to ventilate as well as cotton does, and this characteristic allows fungi to thrive if polyester is worn close to the body for long periods of time. An advantage of polyester is that it is not reliant on nature to grow, and it is cheaper than cotton.", "Pros and Cons of Cotton", "The benefits of cotton are that it is breathable, which means it is a good material to wear when it\u2019s hot. However, cotton will wear out and rip, particularly if it is 100 percent cotton. Cotton canvas won\u2019t rip as easily, but it is heavy. Natural fibers, such as cotton, are more expensive than synthetic (polyester) materials. Cotton burns, whereas polyester melts. Cotton is hypoallergenic and doesn\u2019t cause allergies or irritate skin. It is soft and long-lasting if cared for. It is easily blended with polyester or other synthetics and can be treated so that it is heat-resistant. Cotton is also easily dyed because of its absorbency properties. Cotton is a natural product, and therefore doesn\u2019t contain any chemicals. Because cotton has a naturally textured surface, it is good for cleaning and can be sterilized. Cotton doesn\u2019t irritate the skin, because it is supple; but it is not as durable as polyester, which is unyielding. Cotton canvas is far more abrasion-resistant than polyester.", "When combining polyester with cotton, the result is a stronger material, which is durable and affordable. Cotton combined with polyester is less prone to pilling and static.Today\u2019s poly-cotton blends are softer than their predecessors. This type of fabric keeps it shape and color longer, and it doesn\u2019t shrink. Blended products are usually less expensive and last longer than cotton, according to TMS Promotional Wear and Products.", "Portland Tribune: Sustainable", "TMS Promotional Wear and Products: Cotton vs. Polyester" ] } ] }, "timestamp": null }, { "action": "Wizard => Apprentice", "text": "I workout from home, not much going to the gym these days. Polyester is great for comfort and mobility. Nylon is considered the best fabric for high impact workouts, it is moisture wicking and helps you stay dry. Do you have a favorite exercise?", "context": { "contents": [ { "url": "https://www.noliju.com/en/35-polyester", "title": "Polyester the essential fabric of workout clothes for women", "content": [ "> Materials>Polyester", "Polyester is one of the leading sports fabric. It has many advantages.", "Polyester fabric has the advantage over natural fibers, of being extremely resistant, especially to wind and water.", "One of the other advantages of polyester is a great holding capacity for water. It allows to easily wick away perspira...", "One of the other advantages of polyester is a great holding capacity for water. It allows to easily wick away perspiration during your sporting activity.", "Another remarkable property of polyester is its ability not to wrinkle. Thus during your running sessions or for a daily use you will always have a perfect look!", "Polyester Technical characteristics", "Polyester is a widely used synthetic fiber, which has many properties. It is often blended with other fibers, wool and cotton for example to make fabrics with mixed characteristics.", "\u2022 Polyester care", "Polyester clothing must be washed and ironed on the reverse side.", "Machine wash : choose low-temperature washing cycles.(at 30 \u00b0 C).", "Although Polyester garments are wrinkle free, if you want to iron them, make sure your iron is set at 110 \u00b0 C, this is the recommended temperature for synthetic materials.", "Polyester does not support heat, so avoid tumble dry that can damage your garment. Dry cleaning is not recommended.", "Our polyester sportswear", "Our black Philou and Pierre technical t-shirts will protect you from bad weather during your outdoor running sessions. And thanks to the polyester properties you will be also kept dry during your summer sports outings.", "Black running T-shirt Philou", "Shine daily in this fashion sport T-shirt !Versatile, it will accompany you with elegance at the...", "White running T-shirt Pierre", "Be beautiful and sportive every day!Its technically breathable material and original perforated...", "White Running T-shirt Arno", "This white feminine and technical t-shirt for women will seduce you with its softness and its...", "Burgundy Running T-shirt Arno", "This burgundy feminine and technical t-shirt for women will seduce you with its softness and its...", "Sport Printed T-shirt Boris", "Our T-shirt Boris has an active trendy style with its technical french fabric, it\u2019s fantasy...", "Black Tank top Arno", "We adapted our successful Arno t-shirt in a pretty tank top for active women, always combining...", "Outfit Tank Top Enzo and...", "Discover our chic outfit of the new collection Burgundy chic . The first utilisation of this...", "Outfit Bra Ugo, Tank Top...", "Be the queen of the track with this black and burgundy outfit composed of the bra Ugo, the tank...", "Outfit Bra Ugo and Legging...", "This burgundy and black outfit will seduce you thanks to its elegance and originality, it will be..." ] }, { "url": "https://www.shape.com/fitness/clothes/10-fitness-fabrics-explained", "title": "The Best Workout Material to Look for When Buying", "content": [ "10 Fitness Fabrics, Explained", "Your workout clothes do more than make you look good: wearing the right material can also increase the efficiency of your sweat sesh", "workout clothes,", "Bamboo pulp yields a natural fabric that\u2019s light, breathable, and moisture-wicking\u2014it also protects your skin from ultraviolet rays. \u201cIt feels insanely soft, repels odors, regulates your temperature, and is UPF 50+,\u201d says Tasc Performance designer, Sarah Chase. Tasc Performance and other brands blend chemical-free bamboo with organic cotton, wool, and spandex to make workout clothes like the Nola Crop Hex Print ($58; tascperformance.com) and Cruisin\u2019 1/4-Zip ($68; tascperformance.com). \u201cBamboo is the Swiss Army Knife of performance fabrics,\u201d says Tasc. \u201cYou could run a marathon, then go to spin class, then run errands, and you\u2019ll stay fresh, dry, and sun-protected.\u201d", "RELATED: The Treadmill Move That Will Tone Your Thighs", "Photo: Tasc Performance", "In the battle between cotton and polyester, cotton wins the whiff test. A recent Belgian study found that it gives off less post-workout stench than polyester because synthetic fabrics allow stink-causing bacteria to thrive. But don\u2019t head to spin class in a cotton tee just yet. Cotton absorbs moisture, potentially making you feel like a dishrag during a hard-charging workout. Still, for yoga, weight training, or other low-sweat activities, go with clothes made from cotton blends\u2014like the Anue Dasha Racerback ($48; newbalance.com) in Pima cotton and spandex.", "Photo: Anue Studio Apparel", "When you\u2019re running, biking, or doing another outdoor activity, you need protection from the elements. No wonder so much outside gear\u2014everything from running shoes such as Brooks Adrenaline ASR 11 GTX ($150; brooksrunning.com) to jackets like the MYTHOS 2.0 GORE-TEX Active Lady Jacket ($260; goreapparel.com)\u2014is made with it. This synthetic membrane coats regular fabrics, making it waterproof and windproof yet allows skin to breathe. \u201cWater from the outside doesn t penetrate, cold wind does not pass through, and perspiration can escape,\u201d says Cindy Otto Woods, North America product champion for Gore Bike Wear and Gore Running Wear.", "Photo: Gore Running Wear", "Famously used to make women\u2019s stockings, the synthetic fabric is soft as silk, mildew resistant, and dries quickly. It\u2019s also breathable and wicks sweat from your skin to the fabric\u2019s surface, where it can evaporate. You\u2019ll find nylon in all kinds of sportswear, like the lucy activewer Sculpting Tank ($65; lucy.com) and Pocket Capri Legging ($79; lucy.com), both made with 87 percent nylon. \u201cIt can stand up to even the sweatiest of workouts,\u201d says Isabelle de la Fontaine, lucy product director. \u201cIt also has tremendous stretch and recovery, so your pants move with you.\u201d", "Photo: lucy activewear", "Polyester is the workhorse of the workout fabrics, the one you see on labels most often. Basically plastic cloth, it\u2019s durable, wrinkle-resistant, lightweight, breathable, and non-absorbent, which means that moisture from your skin evaporates instead of being drawn into the material. Polyester also repels UV rays and insulates you even when it\u2019s wet. That\u2019s why companies like New Balance use polyester in warm-weather wear like the tennis Tournament Dress ($80; newbalance.com) and cold-weather products like the Chameleon Jacket ($150; newbalance.com), which are both 90 percent polyester.", "Polyester\u2019s main drawback: the stink factor. Synthetic material can foster bacteria growth, and it also doesn\u2019t dry quite as quickly as polypropylene or nylon.", "RELATED: Fashionable and Functional Fall Workout Gear", "Photo: New Balance", "Like polyester, polypropylene is made from plastic. But unlike polyester, this synthetic material is totally water-resistant, says Lauren Hallworth, product line manager for Brooks Running apparel. \u201cEven if you\u2019re sweaty after a run and the outside of the shirt is wet, what\u2019s touching you is completely dry,\u201d says Hallworth. \u201cIt\u2019s great as a base layer.\u201d Polypropylene forces moisture to pass through its fibers, expelling it to the fabric\u2019s surface where it can evaporate. Brooks Running uses polypropylene to make tops like the Equilibrium Base LS II ($75; brooksrunning.com) and PureProject Seamless Tank II ($55; brooksrunning.com).", "Photo: Brooks Running", "Spandex\u2014also known by the brand name Lycra\u2014puts the stretch in workout wear. The synthetic fabric can expand to nearly 600 percent of its size, offers an unrestricted range of motion, and then snaps back in place. Spandex is also breathable, wicks moisture, and dries quickly. Now you know why it\u2019s a staple in form fitting exercise clothes. Some Spandex products, like Oakley\u2019s O-Form fabric, feature something called four-way stretch. Says Stacy Dye, Oakley\u2019s global product director: \u201cThe key benefits of O-Form are freedom of movement; less chafing; maximum comfort; and antibacterial and moisture-wicking powers.\u201d You\u2019ll find spandex four-way stretch in bottoms like Oakley\u2019s En Route Round 2 Short ($50; oakley.com) and tops like the Oakley Energy Tank with built-in bra ($65; oakley.com).", "Photo: Oakley", "Similar to bamboo, TENCEL is made from wood pulp. But TENCEL contains tiny fibrils, or small hairs, that give the fabric sweat-wicking properties and a luxurious texture. \u201cTextiles made from TENCEL are softer than silk and cooler than linen,\u201d says Stacy Dye, Oakley\u2019s global product director. Plus, Tencel is biodegradable, breathable, and resistant to wrinkles. TENCEL is in form-fitting items like the Oakley Stride Tech Tank ($45; oakley.com), which is super strong yet baby-soft.", "A staple for hikers, wool is like nature\u2019s performance fabric. The material creates pockets that trap air, so it\u2019s fantastic at regulating heat and keeping your body warm. It\u2019s also breathable and wicks moisture. Bonus: the lightweight fibers don\u2019t retain odors. You\u2019ll find wool in everything from socks and underwear to fashion-forward fitness gear like the Nike Wool and Sheer Women\u2019s Training Top ($95; nike.com) and Nike Dri-FIT Wool Women\u2019s Henley Shirt ($80; nike.com), both 65 percent wool. Nike blends wool with its signature Dri-FIT polyester for excellent insulation and moisture protection.", "Photo: Nike", "The secret weapon that keeps X-STATIC, from stinking after a workout: silver. The fabric is woven with this heavy metal, which is an antimicrobial that prevents bacterial and fungal growth. Now, brands like Brooks Running, The North Face, and Lululemon Athletica are using silver in their own products. Says Tara Poseley, chief product officer for lululemon athletica: \u201cIt will never wash out or stop working.\u201d Silverescent will keep items like the Run Away Tee ($68; lululemon.com) and Run Swiftly Tech Racerback ($48; lululemon.com) fresh and stench-free forever." ] }, { "url": "https://www.livestrong.com/article/414298-comparison-of-fabric-for-exercise-clothing/", "title": "Comparison of Fabric for Exercise Clothing Livestrong com", "content": [ "Comparison of Fabric for Exercise Clothing", "Gabrielle Dion", "The science of fitness clothing has come a long way from those baggy cotton sweatshirts and knit leg warmers of previous decades. Today, exercisers have a vast array of choices for workout fabrics, and choosing appropriate materials for a particular sport or purpose can be a difficult process.", "The first factor to consider when purchasing new workout out clothes is the type of exercise you\u2019ll be doing. Sport-specific attire is designed take into account the types of movements that will be done and what type of fabric the wearer will need to stay comfortable and dry.", "For yoga and stretching, Lindsay Law of Overstock.com points out that polyester and spandex are good fabrics for allowing the exerciser to bend easily. For high-impact cardiovascular exercises like running and aerobics, she recommends moisture-wicking fabrics like nylon for staying dry while sweating.", "About Moisture-Wicking Fabrics", "While once the most commonly-worn exercise fabric, cotton absorbs moisture and can therefore become heavy and uncomfortable on the body once it becomes drenched in sweat. Today, athletes who want to stay dry during their workout have a wide variety of synthetic fabrics to choose from, including Nike Dri-FIT and Polartec PowerDry.", "According to REI.com, \u201cSynthetic fibers are, essentially, plastic\u2014and virtually nonabsorbent.\u201d Moisture travels along the surface of the fiber, but since it cannot be absorbed, the moisture from persperation is then dispersed from the inside of piece of clothing and drawn to the outside of it, where it evaporates when it makes contact with the air.", "In addition to the material itself, a chemical finish is often applied to moisture-wicking clothing in order to enhance its performance, allowing it to quickly draw moisture along its nonabsorbent fibers and transport it to the garment s exterior.", "Temperature-Specific Fabrics", "For outdoor sports, staying cool in the heat or staying warm in the cold are important to maximizing one\u2019s performance. One type of high-performance cooling fabric, COOLMAX, uses moisture-wicking technology to draw moisture away from the skin and keep the wearer dry and comfortable, but in addition it is specifically designed to be light and breathable for warmer- weather workouts.", "For cold weather, synthetic fibers like Polartec Thermal Pro create air pockets that trap air and retain body heat, providing warmth without being too heavy on the body. In addition to insulating the body, many of these thermal garments are sprayed with a water repellent finish that helps sheild the wearer from rain and snow.", "While the use of Spandex has been used for decades with the purpose of comfort during bending and stretching activities, newer technology has allowed stretchable fabric to find a whole new market in compression clothing. Using a special knitting process and fabric, compression sleeves can improve circulation during and after physical activity to help alleviate stiff, sore muscles and hasten muscle recovery. The sleeves stimulate blood flow, helping to reduce lactic acid build-up and prevent delayed onset muscle soreness.", "Overstock.com, \u201cHow to Pick the Best Exercise Clothing,\u201d by Lindsay Law, March 2011.", "REI.com, \u201cHow to Choose a Base Layer (Long Underwear).\u201d", "iRunFar.com, \u201cCompression Leg Sleeves & Socks Discussion,\u201d by Meghan Hicks, September 2010.", "The Advantages of Cotton Clothing", "Is Cotton a Good Material for Workouts?", "What Should Women Wear to the Gym?", "What to Wear Under Pads for Football", "What Are Clothing Textures?", "What Should Men Wear for Doing Bikram Yoga?" ] }, { "url": "https://40plusstyle.com/what-is-polyester-advantages-disadvantages/", "title": "Properties of polyester and other fabrics What is", "content": [ "40+ Style \u00bb How to dress after 40 \u00bb Do you have a problem wearing synthetic fabrics like polyester or is it just me?", "Do you have a problem wearing synthetic fabrics like polyester or is it just me?", "I was out shopping with a young Singaporean woman last week, when she noticed me checking the clothing labels. I explained to her that I always check the labels before buying anything as I\u2019m keen on only wearing quality fabrics and preferably no synthetic fabrics. I was surprised to learn that she wasn\u2019t aware of all the different fabrics and their qualities. To her it clearly didn\u2019t matter what fabric a garment was made of (so lang as it looked good of course) and price was a far more important factor.", "I also see these fabrics on some of the most stylish bloggers. Unfortunately, many times when I really like a garment from a picture, I\u2019m disappointed that it\u2019s 100% polyester. This is a fabric I will just not buy in the stores. It certainly limits a lot of my clothing choices as a lot of the bright garments are made from Polyester.", "Understanding the different fabrics", "Even I don\u2019t always know the specifics of the different fabrics and to be honest I SHOULD know as I once completed cerfification for the knowledge of fabrics (above an image of my notes from all the fabric testing we did). I carried out (burning) tests knew all the fabric\u2019s names and their qualities and could distinguish them by smell. It\u2019s surprising how much I have forgotten.", "So for a little brush up for us all, here are some of the main fabrics and their qualities (most of the research was done through Wikipedia):", "wool Hair of domestic goats or sheep Less conbustible than cotton or synthetics, easily returns to original shape, keeps you warm, is breathable, resistant to tearing. Pills easily, dull fiber, stronger dry than wet, can itch, can mildew/mold, will deteriorate through sunlight exposure.", "Cashmere Hair of the indian cashmere goat Soft, lightweight and silky. Can be expensive.", "Mohair Hair of the North African Angora goat Soft and easier to dye, light, absorbant, non-flammable, absorbs moisture, resistant to creases.", "Silk Animal textile made from the fibres of the cocoon of the Chinese silkworm Most hypoallergenic of all fabrics, soft and beautiful shine, highly absorbant and lets your skin breathe, durable, light. expensive, yellows with age, needs special care and dry cleaning, leaves water spots.", "PLANT FABRICS", "Cotton A soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective capsule, around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium. Hypoallergenic and dust mite resistant, durable, environmentally friendly, soft, breaths well. Creases, easily soiled, burns easily, weakens with exposure to light.", "Modal A cellulose fiber made by spinning reconstituted cellulose, often from beech trees. 50% more water-absorbent than cotton, can be dyed like cotton and is colourfast, resistant to shrinkage and fading, lightweight, appearance of silk, soft and smooth. Prone to stretching and pilling.", "Polyester Polyesters include naturally occurring chemicals, such as in the cutin of plant cuticles, as well as synthetics. Used in all types of clothing, either alone or blended with fibres such as cotton. Easily dyed, strong, light weight, and resistant to shrinking, stretching, mildew and creasing. Sun resistant. Main disadvantage is that Polyester does not breathe. Fabric shine can be unattractive. Stains are difficult to remove. Not environmentally friendly.", "Acrylic A fibre used to imitate wools, including cashmere. Woolly feel, durable, soft, colour fast, easy to clean. Not as warm as wool, can irritate the skin.", "Viscose or rayon Viscose is a viscous organic liquid used to make rayon and cellophane. Viscose is becoming synonymous with rayon, a soft material commonly used in shirts, shorts, coats, jackets, and other outer wear. Viscose rayon has a silky appearance and feel, breathable similar to cotton, inexpensive. Not environmentally friendly, creases easily.", "Nylon A tough, lightweight, elastic synthetic polymer with a proteinlike chemical structure. Used to imitate silk. Very resilient, easy to care, resistant to insects, fungi and mildew. Not absorbant, can have an unpleasant sheen, environmentally unfriendly, prone to static electricity.", "Spandex or Lycra A polyurethane product that can be made tight-fitting without impeding movement. It is used to make activewear, bras, and swimsuits. very elastic, good resistance to lotions oils and perspiration, light weight, strong and durable, soft, smooth, easy to care for. Does not breath very well, slippery on surfaces, sensitive to heat, will show every blub on your body!", "Velvet A closely woven fabric of silk, cotton, or nylon that has a thick short pile on one side. Depends on the fabric it s made of.", "Satin A smooth, glossy fabric, typically of silk but also nylon or polyester, produced by a weave in which the threads of the warp are caught and looped by the weft only...: a blue satin dress Luxurious, smooth, silky, drapes nicely. prone to water spots.", "Organza A thin, stiff, transparent fabric made of silk or a synthetic yarn. Lightweight, fine, crisp and sheer.", "My main issue with synthetic fabrics like polyester", "The main problem for me of synthetic fabrics like polyester is that they don\u2019t breathe. This results in a feeling of humidity all the time and I find it generally unpleasant. Many synthetic fibers also look too shiny and cheap to me and just don\u2019t give me the same sense of luxury, comfort and happiness as natural fabrics like cotton, wool and silk. Synthetic fabrics when worn as trousers also hugely irritate my intimates and I have learnt never to make the mistake of buying 100% synthetic pants.", "So I\u2019m very picky about the fabrics I buy and always check the labels. I\u2019m always astonished as to how few natural fabrics are on sale in a humid country like Singapore. Even expensive brands like Diane von Furstenberg stock a lot of synthetic materials and charge high prices for it!", "Brands that feature a lot of natural fabrics", "Here are some recommendations of brands that feature natural fabrics. Please check the specifications of each individual item though! If you have some further recommendations, please let me know by leaving a comment below and I will update this list.", "Eileen Fisher: lots of cotton and silk", "7 for all mankind: great cotton jeans", "Emerson Fry: uses beautiful natural", "So I really wonder: is it just me or are you picky about your fabrics as well? Do you check the fabric label before you decide to buy something? How particular are you about fabrics and what are your favorites? How much more are you willing to pay extra for a quality fabric?", "1 Tanya", "I am very picky about fabrics and refuse to buy anything made of polyester, mainly because it doesn\u2019t breathe. I completely agree with you on the disappointment of finding out that designers charge an arm and a leg for polyester.", "I used to work in technical sales and picked up some advice about dressing/looking like I don\u2019t need the sale, which meant selecting richer-looking fabrics for my suits. I started with polyester suits due to budget, but after reading that piece of advice, switched to wool and the occasional cotton or cotton blend. What surprised me was how much cooler light-weight wool pants are, even lined, in the heat than polyester.", "I also take a note from men\u2019s clothing. Although synthetics are becoming more prevalent, their clothes are still mainly made of natural fibers.", "My budget is still limited, so I usually wait until the end of a season to pick up pieces in wool and silk. I\u2019ve been giving viscose/rayon some thought as that fabric is prevalent in the fast fashion stores, but after reading your note on its environmental effects, I may have to reconsider.", "You are so right about wool. When buying a suit I always went for (cool) wool. Cooler and so much better looking. However, I no longer work in an office and since Singapore is hot, I tend to go for cotton more now.", "I understand where you both are coming from. For me too, certain fabrics just are too (what I call) \u2018plastic\u2019, so I skip those. For underwear, like Sylvia writes, I definitely want cotton to avoid irritation. And for socks cotton and wool, to avoid sweaty or cold feet.", "If money was no issue and if my favorite articles would be available in fabrics like cotton, silk or wool, I would choose for that if I consider the feeling, the breathability and sometimes the look.", "For me, there is however one other important aspect besides cost and comfort and that is maintenance. The first thing I check in the labels is the wash prescription. My preference is \u2018machine washable\u2019: a cheap and easy method. \u2018Handwash only\u2019 is not handy, but still acceptable. \u2018Dryclean only\u2019 is something I will try to avoid, except for coats. Way too expensive in maintenance and too complicated.", "This criterium unfortunately often contradicts the one of comfort and breathability, since fabrics like wool and silk are usually not the ones you just throw in your machine ;-).", "And since my style is more one of loose, sheer layers, then of body hugging clothes, breathability is not such a big problem, in general.", "Totally understand that as well. But the labels are not always reliable. Afraid of claims, labels will always be rather safe than sorry. I find that my silk tops can be washed in water, but yes, they do take additional work\u2026", "5 Chicatanyage", "Interesting. I do try to avoid polyester. Thought viscose was more natural and made of wood pulp. I find it a lot in quite expensive clothes", "You are right, that is why viscose is still breathes like cotton. But there are chemicals involved with the creation and apparently it\u2019s very polluting. Here is what wikipedia says:", "At first wood pulp is dissolved in caustic soda and after steeping it for a specified period of time it is shredded and allowed to age. Aging contributes to viscosity of viscose. The longer the ageing time the less viscosity it will have. The aged pulp is then treated with carbon disulfide to form a yellow-colored cellulose xanthate, which is dissolved in caustic soda again, but of a lower concentration. This is the starting stage of viscose formation. During the process an acetate dope is added to alkali cellulose which is necessary for the yarn lustre. Viscose currently is becoming less common because of the polluting effects of carbon disulfide and other by-products of the process, forcing some factories to close. One way to comply with sulphur emission standards is to install a wet sulfuric acid process unit which recovers sulfur compounds to sulfuric acid or use the Lyocell process which uses N-Methylmorpholine N-oxide as solvent.", "Let\u2019s hope they do that.", "No, it\u2019s definitely not just you. As a general rule, I absolutely detest completely synthetic fabrics. I\u2019ve accepted that a lot of times, I\u2019m going to get something with a pretty low synthetic mix \u2014 say 5-15% \u2014 and I can live with that. I don\u2019t mind a tiny bit of spandex in a pair of otherwise cotton jeans, and such, but pure polyester or acrylic just gives me the shivers. Very much a case of too-often being cheap and shoddy-looking, and also, I just hate the way it feels. Borderline synthetics like Modal and Viscose are basically OK with me, because they breathe.", "If I lived in a climate as hot as yours, I\u2019m sure I\u2019d hate it even more than I do.", "Yes, I\u2019m ok with Spandex too and if the fabric looks decent and I really like the garment, I sometimes go for mixes\u2026", "I agree totally. I will occasionally buy blends, and like Ana, I don\u2019t mind a bit of spandex to make things more comfortable, but totally polyester- no way! As \u201chot flash Hannah\u201d, I have to be cool and comfortable, or I am not a nice person! As a bit of a contradiction, however, I am finding that exercise-wear made of microfiber are comfortable, and I even sleep in \u201clong johns\u201d made of poly microfiber, because they DO seem to breathe, and I have found that keeping my body temp relatively constant helps to stave off night sweats. I think that is because they are knits, and not wovens, and they are a far cry from my grandmother\u2019s bright green polyester doubleknit pants. Microfiber feels ok on my skin, and in athletic weaves, it seems to wick the perspiration away pretty effectively. Maybe manufacturers are actually using their brains for a change!", "Good point Kris. Most of my sportswear is synthetic too. Special fabrics that keep you drier when you sport. For some reason I can tolerate those and specially made dry-fit fabrics do help with sport!", "When the hot southern summer sun hits polyester, it is NOT a pretty thing. I have a whole Pinterest board called \u201cToo Bad It\u2019s Polyester\u201d for things I like the look of but will never buy.", "I learned in lampworking class that many synthetic fabrics basically conduct heat into your core. I made the mistake of wearing a cotton/rayon or maybe cotton/poly blend tee to class one day and could feel the fabric heat up and heat me up. Had to change so I wouldn\u2019t heat stroke. Sun on any kind of high poly blend has the same effect at a lower intensity.", "For day wear, I can do viscose/rayon, although I notice that it heats up in the sun more and doesn\u2019t breathe as well as cotton or linen. Microfiber exercise wear and woven technical fabrics are a totally different animal and don\u2019t seem to cause the same issues as poly. My Athleta capris are comfortable in the summer.", "What a great idea to make such a pinboard! I might consider doing that as well. Perhaps it will make manufacturers more aware that we DO care about fabric quality.", "13 Anne @ the Frump Factor", "I buy a lot of cotton/polyester blends, which (in my view) give me the best of both worlds while avoiding the pitfalls of both. I also like viscose and some rayons. Mostly, though, I don\u2019t go by the label; I go by the look and feel of the garment. If it looks too shiny, feels scratchy, or doesn\u2019t breathe, I probably won\u2019t buy it. And even some all-natural fabrics fail this test.", "Synthetic fibers have come a long way. I don\u2019t think it\u2019s quite true any more that all polyesters don\u2019t breathe. (Isn\u2019t athletic wear often made of polyester fabrics that actually wick sweat away from the body?) So I really just go by look and feel. Do I love well-made garments created exclusively from high-quality, natural fabrics? Yes, of course. Can I afford to buy them all the time? No.", "Oops \u2014 one of your alert readers already pointed out the athletic wear issue. Sorry! \ud83d\ude42", "A cotton/polyester blend can work well. I guess I have just become extra sensitive to polyester as it really is too hot for Singapore. Synthetics are definitely great for sports!", "I always prefer natural fibers because my skin can breathe more freely in them. However, today the quality of the synthetic fibers are much better that what they used to be so once in a while if I love something I\u2019ll pick it up. As far as evening gowns go, I don\u2019t have much of a choice because silk can go for a thousand or more.", "Yes, you will need to be creative with evening gowns. Lucky I don\u2019t have many black tie events!", "As a lady who attends many white and black tie events, I cannot agree that silk dresses will go for that much money. I\u2019ve been able to find wonderful dresses and gowns made of pure silk at incredible bargain prices. I don\u2019t shop in designer boutiques, but rather on-line, in vintage shops and dress agencies. Also, I am a decent seamstress and that certainly helps.", "I loathe synthetic fibres, and avoid them at all costs. I am dismayed that so many clothing manufacturers offer polyester, nylon, and other man-made materials. Is it my imagination or was there lots more silk clothing in shops just a few years ago? I seem to remember that not even 10 years ago many dresses were made of silk. I have some Ann Taylor Loft dresses from that time, and they are 100% silk. Now, even Ann Taylor offers more polyester than anything else.", "The first thing I do when looking at a garment is checking the label for fibre content. If it doesn\u2019t meet my specifications I won\u2019t buy it. I don\u2019t care how pretty it is. I do make an exception for viscose, which, although it wrinkles easily, is fairly pleasant to wear. I find that viscose can be handwashed and dried on a towel without losing its shape or shrinking too much.", "19 issy", "I am 48. I avoid polyester in most cases. Though I will buy something in polyester if it is lightweight and \u201cbreezy\u201d and for just a season or two. Now that I am having hot flashes, synthetic fabrics are harder for me. But I do love a ponte knit pant or skirt in the Winter.", "I do however, not like cotton for exercising. It is just too hot and sticky to work in AND get approriate coverage. So I do tend to go toward synthetics for excersing.", "Thanks for your comment Issy. I too use sportswear for exercizing. Should probably have mentioned that in my article!", "21 Heather Fonseca", "WOnderful post! I love that list of fabrics as I\u2019ve forgotten so much as well.", "On polyester, I think I dislike the idea of it more than the reality. I do have polyester garments and they don\u2019t bother me at all physically. Wool, on the other hand, is impossible on my skin as I have a lanolin allergy. I do really dislike acrylic sweaters though and I won\u2019t buy the,m as they tend to pill. Wish I could afford more silk! And cashmere!", "I usually wait for the sales to snap up the silk. It\u2019s just the most perfect fabric for dressy blouses and tops in Singapore!", "I like your list. Now I finally know what \u201cModal\u201d is. Always wondered about that.", "Synthetics don\u2019t bother me at all. Not even during my hot flashes period (which, thank God, are over). They might bother me a bit more when it is really hot. But when you live in Holland you don\u2019t really have to take sunshine into consideration. LOL.", "Therefore I never look at the label. Which sometimes gives me a nasty surprise: like a white shirt that calls for dry cleaning only\u2026.. And I know you are right Sylvia, that manufacturers put these things on labels for no reason other than to avoid claims, but I don\u2019t dare to take the chance of washing it myself.", "Wool is difficult for me. It irritates often, which I feel immediately when I put it on. And it pills quickly which means it looks shabby in no time. Exceptions to that rule are cool wools and cashmere. And then we are talking serieus money.", "You are lucky. Unlimited choices in the shop!", "In that respect, yes I am. But it is not a frase my bankmanager would use haha.", "I try to stay away from some synthetic fabrics, and I won\u2019t buy for instance acrylic knits. I don\u2019t like polyester either, at least not anything that\u2019s 100 % polyester, but some blends can be ok, like in blazers which is not worn in direct contact with my skin. And I do like milano fabric in pants and dresses for winter, which I think contains a small amount of polyester. I like wearing viscose garments too, too bad that it\u2019s not environmentally friendly. And of course I totally agree when it comes to sportswear, as I\u2019m a jogger and need moisture wicking clothing for that.", "I think they CAN make it environmentally friendly if companies are just willing to make the investment of getting the proper filters. I agree polyester can fine in blends or for blazers. I have succumbed to a blazer with a blend as well. Will see how it goes\u2026", "28 Kim,USA", "I do have a problem with polyester. It sticks on my skin when I am sweating and just don\u2019t have any flow or body. I also feel very uncomfortable it hug the bulges on the body, lol! I love cotton. ^_^", "Exactly why I don\u2019t like it!", "30 Robin", "Kim-What do you wear for exercising? Almost all workout wear is made of polyester or poly blends. It\u2019s purpose is to wear while sweating.", "I am not the one you asked, but I wear cotton leotards with a bit of lycra. I used to dance ballet at a professional level (3 hours of training 5 days per week for 20 years) and am very fit. The problem is that an athlete\u2019s body sweats more than average people, because their bodies are so efficient. I sweat quite a bit.", "Of course, cotton absorbs sweat, and I just live with the fact that my leotard or other clothing will be soaked after 15 to 20 minutes. I\u2019ll just take it off when I am done, shower, and put it in the wash. I went for a 10km run with my husband the other day, and wore cotton shorts and a tank top. It was okay. I just don\u2019t like the feel of artifical fibres.", "32 tania", "I am so happy I read your opinions! I was in London this weekend and I was shocked to discover that about 95 percent of clothes in the shops was from polyester!!!! I would never buy it, it\u2019s disgusting, you immediately sweat, it\u2019s full of static electricity and it looks cheap\u2026 At the end I didn\u2019t buy anything which never happened to me in LONDON! I stilll wonder who wears it? And why is it so widespread this year?! please STOP IT!!!!!", "Hi Tania, I think it\u2019s because people want more clothes for less money. I think we have to get the focus back on quality again and getting people to buy less clothes but higher quality. This is one thing I will try and do more this year.", "This is very true: fewer clothes and more quality! I love vintage shopping, and thanks to growing up with a hobby seamstress mum, I know quite a bit about fabrics and sewing techniques. Most modern clothing \u2014 even in the middle to upper price ranges \u2014 cannot hold a candle to vintage items.", "I don\u2019t know if you are familiar with Marks & Spencer, a British retailer in the lower-price category \u2014 what I\u2019d call typical high street. They\u2019ve been around since the 1880s and used to have all their clothing made in the UK. Their house label was called St Michael. Two years ago, I bought a 1950s tweed skirt with box pleats from that label. The fabric is amazing: thick wool tweed woven in Scotland; ample seam allowances, finished edges, hand stitching (in the pleats, buttonholes), darts in the lining to prevent bunching, etc. The attention to detail is amazing, and is only available in couture clothing these days.", "This skirt was made for the average woman, not a society lady, and it is almost 60 years old, but it still looks great. I am almost certain that most of our clothing won\u2019t be around anymore in 60 years as it will have fallen apart.", "35 Melinda Nowers", "So glad I found your blog\u2026.and yes, I am picky. Although every once and awhile, I do break my own rules. I am a stylist and explain this every time to my clients. It\u2019s very frustrating when the higher end labels use synthetics. Thanks to your chart though I did not realize Modal was a combo. Good to know\u2026.Melinda", "thestyleexpress.com", "This becomes a problem when you are into vintage clothing\u2026\u2026. \ud83d\ude1b", "In any case, I start itching if I so much as LOOK at acrylic.", "I have long held a passion for quality fibres and, if selected carefully, they can be a fantastic investment.", "The first myth I would like to dispel is that they need to cost a lot more than man-made fabrics. Yes, they can be extortionate, but shop around and you can find some very good items which are realistically priced. The initial outlay for man-made fibres may be less, but in all likelihood, the product won\u2019t last as well or look as good.", "Secondly, I couldn\u2019t agree more with Sylvia about the qualities of nature fibres versus man-made fibres. A scarf made of 100% acrylic may be a bright splash of colour on a dull winter\u2019s day, but it won\u2019t keep you as warm as one with cashmere or silk.", "Additionally, a beautiful silk scarf needn\u2019t been reserved for cold days \u2013 it can still be worn on a summer\u2019s evening because, as Sylvia points out, it allows the skin to breath. You\u2019d look pretty daft with an acrylic bundle wrapped around you, so that scarf is going to stay in your drawer for half the year unused! Doesn\u2019t seem quite such good value now, does it?", "As a retailer of pure silk scarves, I come across a percentage of ladies everyday who simply wouldn\u2019t spend the money on this sort of item. They love it, they stroke it, they covet it \u2013 but they won\u2019t buy it because they consider it too extravagant. Sure, we all have a budget. However, spending a few more pounds on something wonderful can make us feel top of the world.", "How very true! I, too, pay lots of attention to fibre composition and details such as stitching. You are spot on in your assessment that most people only look at the purchase price. I have a formula that I use when buying clothing: purchase price divided by the number of times I wear the item. I have a lovely Diane von Furstenberg silk wrap dress that I bought at Harrods (fellow Brit here \ud83d\ude42 ) for full price several years ago along with a Burberry jacket.", "Both items together were quite expensive indeed (almost 800 quid), but this is a dress that I can wear all year long. I probably wear it 25 times in an average year \u2014 with tights and a woolen coat in winter, and with bare legs and open-toed shoes on a cool summer day. I handwash it and put it on a towel to dry. The same is true for my Burberry jacket \u2014 lots of wear and washes (despite a dry cleaning only label), but it still looks great. I figure that my \u201ccost-per-wear\u201d for the DvF dress, which was roughly \u00a3275, is little more than \u00a31.", "The lesson is to not just look at the price on the shop\u2019s tag, but to calculate how much wear you\u2019ll get out of it. You may be surprised to find that the seemingly high-priced designer item is less expensive than a \u00a325 dress from Primark or Matalan that falls apart after two times in the wash.", "39 Anthea", "I loved reading your comments here \u2013 I\u2019ve often thought I\u2019m alone in the irritation I feel \u2013 physically \u2013 if I try to wear polyester or acrylic \u2013 and mentally, when I see shops full of these fabrics. But now I\u2019m noticing how many garments say that they\u2019re viscose, when they look and feel like polyester. I\u2019m wanting to buy some summer clothes to head off to Africa: it\u2019s only when I reach the heat that the acid test hits I you know the truth of what I\u2019ve bought [it\u2019s snowing now where I live so little chance of finding out at home]. Does anyone know a way \u2013 prior to reaching the sunshine \u2013 of telling whether something truly is viscose or polyester?", "In school we always did burning tests. Viscose, being cellulose, would burn rapidly, leaving an ashy residue that smells of burnt paper. Polyester melts and has a more oily smell, with black smoke. All this will not be of much use in shops though, so all you can do is trust the label\u2026", "41 Marlena", "Yes, there is a good way and that is to feel the fabric. Viscose has a cool feel to it. When you touch it you will know what I mean, it just does not seem to warm at all even if you have warm hands. It always seems cooler. It also has a more \u201cmeaty\u201d, or \u201cweighty\u201d feel in your hand.", "Polyester on the other hand feels more rough and unbreathable. It feels like plastic, as if you can wrap your hand in it and it will almost be waterproof. Feels like if you rub your hair against it it will be static.", "If you do not feel this way about the fabric then it ia probably a blend with cotton or similar, and the bad effects will not be as strong and I would say it is safe to buy.", "Hope it helps! Please check out my blog as fabrics and accessible quality fashion is the topic as I am so passionate about it!", "http://Www.thehighstreetdaily.com", "As someone who sews I have a passion for fabrics and can tell what a cloth is by the feel and so understand the pros and cons of synthetic fibers. The cons are many the pros are few. Why anyone would want to wear a cheap synthetic fiber I can\u2019t understand. Especially as underpants \u2013 eck. People forget we are ourselves organic creatures. Wrap smoked ham in plastic wrap and it will sweat and smell yet if you use a ham cloth it will last a while. Common sense. Ego overcomes sense and the desire for fashion at an affordable price dictates & guides the ego. I do own some synthetic items (its almost impossible to avoid them now) yet I look at the quality feel and weigh it against the price, however in some case they make sense as in quality outdoor and protective clothing, and women\u2019s bras have used synthetics for years but are still able to be comfortable and long wearing. What most people don\u2019t understand is that its all about price and making a buck. The almighty bottom dollar. Natural fabrics take time and money to produce. Synthetics quick and easy. The price of cotton world wide has risen and so producers are adding synthetics to make it stretch out and cut their costs. Bottom line is if people buy they will continue to use it. Its is the consumer that dictates. I personally have spent big money on gorgeous silk and natural fiber items. In turn I look after my garments and they last. I\u2019m not adverse to a bit of viscose/acrylic but the items don\u2019t last and end up in the rag bag. I\u2019m sure many readers have been devastated when they have to throw out a cherished silk, linen or cotton item, not because it looks like a dish cloth or has little lumpy bits, or even lost its shape but because after years and years of wear it just simply wore out, yet it still managed to look and feel great right to the end \u2013 and I bet compliments have been given on it as well. Think quality over quantity. But the world of fast food fashion is brain washing the masses.", "I\u2019ve enjoyed reading the comments on this. I live in Brisbane, a sub-tropical climate with usually hot, humid summers. The only way I can keep cool is to wear cotton garments. I\u2019ve been dismayed lately at the amount of viscose clothes in the cheaper clothing shops recently. I bought a couple of viscose tops (one woven, the other knit fabric) to see how I went with them but they wrinkle badly after hanging in the wardrobe, even when they came off the line fairly wrinkle free after drip-drying; and I\u2019m sure they\u2019ve also shrunk \u2013 so I think these will be heading for the bin soonish \u2013 a waste of money. So back to reading labels on garments in the search for cotton. Good quality cotton, knit or woven, can have very good wearability properties, but it\u2019s hard to find. So the shops won\u2019t be making much money out of me buying new clothes as I\u2019ll be on my perpetual search for cotton. I find it great even in winter \u2013 as well as allowing your skin to breathe, it insulates your body to the temperature you need.", "Something new that has appeared lately are garments made of knit linen. I\u2019ve bought a few and find they\u2019re very comfortable to wear, don\u2019t wrinkle and don\u2019t need ironing like woven linen.", "Has anybody had any experience with clothes made from bamboo, which also seems to be around?", "thanks for your feedback Alice. I\u2019ve personally not experienced bamboo yet, but hopefully others will see it and give you your feedback..", "No sorry, I don\u2019t have any experience with bamboo either. Am intrigued by the knit linen. Should be lovely, linen and not creasing. Wow. Have not seen that in the shops yet.", "Most of my casual blouses are made of bamboo. I purchase them from Chicago\u2019s Merchandise Mart during a once a year One Of A Kind Christmas shopping featuring different designers in the USA and Canada, sometimes Asia. I love this material. I was not careful with washing them the first time, now I treat them with TLC as I replenish them. Gentle wash cold and delicate or no heat dry process. Hang to completely dry, no need to iron.", "Thanks for great feedback Carmen!", "48 Sheil", "I\u2019d add my voice to everyone who doesn\u2019t touch polyester with a barge pole. It\u2019s both uncomfortable and ugly, cheap looking. I can spot it at 100 metres. I don\u2019t mind viscose since it seems breathable and keeps well. I\u2019m ok with buying mixed garments \u2013 cotton or other natural fibres with man made, as long as there\u2019s not too much in it. I find in the right proportion, they help each other and can make for a good product.", "I won\u2019t buy acrylic products either because they degenerate very quickly and find it an inferior \u2018wool\u2019.", "In a tropical climate, I would certainly want to buy natural fibres. I don\u2019t know how people manage to wear anything else. I can only assume they are made into very loose garments(?)", "I do prefer natural products, but can\u2019t always afford them, and some/many are often of inferior quality. Some linen garments are really itchy. I don\u2019t know if it\u2019s just me. A good linen product is a thing of love, to me. It is cherished.", "Thank you for taking part in this conversation Shell and giving feedback!", "50 Crissy", "I recently became aware of the natural feel of wearing 100% cotton clothes. I haven\u2019t purchased anything synthetic this entire year and I\u2019ve never felt better in my clothes. I also switched all my bed sheets, blankets and towels to 100% cotton as well. The feel of natural fibers in your life is so worth it, i recommend it to anyone!", "Yes, it makes a real difference. Thanks for your feedback Crissy!", "52 Omkari", "Not only are synthetics (especially polyester) uncomfortable to wear, they are not healthy for you or the environment. They off-gas in the landfill, take years and years to decompose (if ever) and don\u2019t allow your body to naturally release toxins. People who have to manufacture this \u201ctextile\u201d and make garments from it are at a great health risk. Studies have proven that these workers are showing higher incidents of breast and lung cancer. Don\u2019t buy polyesters!! This is the only way the clothing industry will listen\u2026. when their polyester, health risk garments remain on the racks and the natural fibered ones are purchased and adorning our beautiful, healthy bodies.", "Thanks for the feedback Omkari. I hope many women will read this and stop buying less polyester. Sofar the amount of polyester only seems to increase in shops\u2026.", "Hi, I don\u2019t know how old this article is since I can\u2019t find a date on it so I\u2019m sorry if I\u2019m beating a dead horse. I just wanted to correct you when you said that polyester is bad for the environment. Sure, it\u2019s not the best, but it\u2019s more or less the same as cotton as far as impact is concerned. The extra energy needed to create polyester is about equal to the energy saved from laundering polyester in comparison to cotton. In addition, polyester is recyclable and can thus be turned into a new blouse, skirt, or whatever after it\u2019s been soiled whereas cotton is turned into insulation or other uses. Also, if reference to the scientific process, yes you are wearing plastic when wearing polyester, but you are wearing plastic textiles which naturally have holes in them as a result of being woven together. The size of the threads can be determined giving polyester textiles all different feels to them, which is why in my experience I\u2019ve never felt like I was wearing a plastic bag on a hot day, in fact many of my summer blouses are made from polyester. It\u2019s quite a versatile fabric, and while certain pieces of clothing aren\u2019t suitable for a hot day, it\u2019s because that\u2019s not what it was made for.", "55 EmilyAnn Frances May", "I agree with your commenters about the quality and beauty of natural fibers. I want to add a different point of view concerning the price of clothing and affordability. Given the ongoing difficult times many are having in this economy, many people are obtaining necessities like clothing by buying the lowest price items possible. Synthetics and blends are widely available for many lower income people. Consider how much money a wardrobe for the office would cost a secretary making $30K per year. A pure wool suit would be at least $200. A wool blend much less and a polyester suit would cost maybe $50. When rents consume over half the monthly take home pay, there are many considerations to make when purchasing things like clothing.", "For those who can afford natural fiber clothing and fabrics for sewing one way to help out is to donate these high quality garments to charities that help outfit women who are re-entering the workforce after completing an educational program. Or pass the clothing on to people you know who need some helping out.", "I think some solution can be reached by finding ways to recycle synthetic fibers like they do in Japan.", "Yes very good point EmilyAnn and great suggestions!", "Tired of suffering through scoring desert summers, I jumped on the not-polyester train with gusto in the fall of 2012. My closet is now cotton, linen, silk, and rayon. It\u2019s heaven.", "Yes it can make a real difference!", "The thing with polyester textiles is the wide variety of types of fibers that are not included in the tag. Polyester is a polymer, basically plastic. That means that you can mold it into whatever you want, and there are polyester threads of widely different properties. In most cases, the more noticable difference comes in the filament count. There are many polyester fabrics that are indistiguishable in comfort and properties to cotton, because of a high filament count and a good quality texturizing process (not to mention microfilaments, which have great properties). But it is harder and more expensive to make than polyester with a higher filament count, so most clothing made from polyester is of the lower-grade. The thing is, in the cases where higher quality polyester is used there is no mention of it in the tag, because, in essence, it\u2019s still polyester. You can also give the textile all kinds of inherent properties, from flame-retardancy to impermeability. My point is, don\u2019t hate on polyester because most of is low-grade, and don\u2019t rely entirely on the tag; feel the clothing first, usually it\u2019s enough to tell.", "Yes very true Ariel. But as you say it\u2019s not easy to determine how good the polyester is when you\u2019re in the shops\u2026.", "There would be no way to know how hot a garment will feel in the summer without buying it first, so I just do not buy it. Feeling it by hand is not enough. It all feels awful to me anyway.", "62 GalAboutMtl", "Hi all! I am ALSO trying very hard to avoid polyester in my wardrobe\u2026.but its REALLY difficult! Any suggestions of North American retailers that do a good job of staying away from synthetics, and still offer stylish clothes?", "I just looked at all the shirts I love the most and they are either 100% polyester or a high percentage mix. To me, when polyester is turned into the right kind of fabric, it is the coolest, most breathable, and no unsightly sweating color change when outdoors in some nice hot sun. My exercise wear is all polyester, and I have grown to hate cotton for all it\u2019s flaws in the heat. If I want to keep warm, then I\u2019ll use cotton. Wool is an itchy nightmare. Hand or gently washing my synthetics, and hanging to dry, keeps them so perfect compared to cotton. I wonder why women\u2019s polyester clothing isn\u2019t as wonderful as I think it is.", "I got here looking for more info about fabrics, so surprised to see dislike for synthetics.", "Keith, I apologise for being blunt, but polyester really isn\u2019t a wonderful fabric. As polyester is essentially plastic (it\u2019s a petroleum-based polymer), science has proven over and over again that it does not breathe at all. I really don\u2019t know why you would call your polyester shirts breathable, when every chemist will confirm that polyester fibres do not possess breathability unless you cut holes in the fabric. When wearing polyester you are essentially wrapping your body in a plastic bin liner (from a chemical persepctive): http://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polyesters.html", "Also, cotton doesn\u2019t really keep you very warm at all. It is a breathable fibre with a high water absorption capacity (polyester repels water, btw). Cotton is a fibre suitable for warm climates. It\u2019s not good for cold, wet weather as it has quite poor insulation capabilities. This is a fibre characteristic, and not dependent on the weave.", "I don\u2019t really understand why you would call wool an itchy nightmare unless you are perhaps allergic to lanolin. Merino wool is well-known for its heat retention and insulation abilities, and has been used by outdoorsmen for centuries. The shepherds and farmers in the mountains of Bavaria, Austria, and Switzerland still wear specially woven woolen jackets, cloaks and coats because they protect so well from the elements. Essential in an area where the weather can go from a pleasant 20 C with clear blue skies to a snow and hail storm within 60 to 90 minutes.", "http://www.merkur-online.de/aktuelles/bayern/mm-mehr-zuschuesse-bayerische-bergbauern-298562.html and http://www.fotos.sc/gali_+192589/gallery.html", "65 EmiyAnn Frances May", "Keith, well thought out comments based on your own experiences. For me, some natural fibers are also very disagreeable since I\u2019m allergic to goats hair and certain woolens make me itch. I once worked with an interfacing that contained goats hair (I think it was Armo hair canvas) while making a dressmaker suit. My hands began to itch and turn very red. I had not checked the content of the interfacing before buying. Although Armo gives a lovely shaping to a woman\u2019s suit for someone like me it would result in a very costly visit to the dermatologist.", "What I\u2019m trying to say is that we all have different needs and different responses to fibers. There should always be a variety available. What needs to be done is find a way to creatively recycle all kinds of fibers when our clothing is no longer serviceable as a garment for ourselves or as a give-away to others.", "If I have a year end bonus I could splurge on something lovely but the hard cold reality is that luxury items during this prolonged recession are the province of those who can afford to buy them without having an impact on their other responsibilities. If one can do so they by all means enjoy your shopping and spending. make your choices and respect the choices others make.", "I always check the labels, hate buying polyester for the same reasons \u2013 it looks cheaper and makes me feel \u2018damp\u2019. Why are manufacturers ignoring more natural products? Why aren\u2019t designers using more viscose, which still breathes and can look like jersey, silk, or cotton? I find shopping incredibly frustrating, as most dresses are either entirely polyester, or a polyester spandex mix. I have heard about higher quality polyester having more breathable properties, but not yet found it, even by feeling the material. I am not a pure material fanatic, as viscose or rayon is fine with me, but having a wider choice of materials available would be nice.", "67 liz", "Yes!! I ALWAYS look at fabric type. Polyester is a total deal breaker for me, too. Bummer as it seems to have replaced cotton in a lot of clothing lately. I, too, have noticed that higher end stores are selling garments with poly, and for an arm and a leg. They would have to pay ME to wear such things.", "68 Jeanette Ball", "Totally agree about synthetics \u2013 here in Australia where it is hot and most of the population live on the coast (read:humid) our stores are filled with polyester garments.", "I hate wearing anything synthetic and living in the tropics means I need natural fibres. I found it really hard to find anything made of natural fibres when I first came to Singapore years ago so I started making my own clothes again. Now I think there is a little more available in natural fibres but I have more selection and control of what works for me with going to the fabric markets and sewing. I do not mind the creases that natural fabric give, and yes polyester fabric does not crease and always looks good but it is not a fabric for the humid weather. I always check the fabric labels before I purchase anything. I wish they were easier to find on the garments as sometimes there are none.", "Yes you\u2019re right that details are sometimes hard to find here. I don\u2019t think there are specific regulations here (as I know there are in Europe). Well done for creating your own clothes!", "I will not buy anything with any amount of polyester in it. I sweat a lot as it is. UGH. Even stores like GAP are now adding a lot of poly to their tees, etc. Fabric content is the first consideration after looks for me.", "I have respiratory reactions to synthetic fabrics; polyester and rayon being the worst. (Even washing the item doesn\u2019t help). I am able to wear a small amount of cotton clothing with spandex content below my waist but cannot wear spandex above my waist \u2013 again the respiratory reactions, including a headache. I wear 100% cotton tees, and tank tops when exercising. Cotton and small amount of spandex content for the bottoms. I don\u2019t have any trouble finding cotton tops and I shop online often. For dress selections I am limited to cotton and silk and the search for dresses is challenging. Fabric content is first thing I check. It is a comfort to know that I am not alone in this difficulty of searching for synthetic free clothing.", "Hi Shirley, Wow I never realised reactions to synthetic clothing could be so severe. Thanks a lot for your feedback.", "74 One Bert", "Polyester is superior to cotton. All Nike Dri-fit and Adidas Climate Control apparel is made of 100 percent polyester. It fits better, keeps you dry, keeps it\u2019s size, retains it\u2019s color, and doesn\u2019t stains easily contrary to what the writer would have you believe. This article is nonsense when it comes to that fabric\u2026", "For sport yes as it needs to do different things. Here in Singapore I also prefer the dryfit sportswear to cotton but for normal wear polyester is definitely not the way to go.", "No, One Bert, this article isn\u2019t rubbish. Polyester is not superior at all. I suggest not buying into the marketing hype, but studying the actual science behind the making of polyester. Feel free to wear your plastic, but don\u2019t tout its superiority to others who know more about fabrics.", "http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/polyester.aspx", "http://www.popsci.com/article/cotton-vs-polyester-which-gym-clothes-trap-most-body-odor", "http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/09/05/346055067/stinky-t-shirt-bacteria-love-polyester-in-a-special-way", "I also shop by looking at labels due to the lack of breathability for the synthetics. It is really tough to find natural and breathable clothes that are stylish and available locally.", "I agree with you that I avoid buying synthetic fabrics whenever possible. My body seems even more sensitive to breath-ability because I find even synthetic athletic fabrics that say specifically that they are breathable are not breathable enough for my body. Does anyone else out there find athletic garments that say they are breathable not breathable enough? I can wear something from cotton or wool and feel comfortable but when I put on something synthetic in the same environment I am suddenly hot and uncomfortable. I can wear a mix of the two fabrics and depending on the percentages, I can feel comfortable. A little synthetic material (<20%) is usually fine for me.", "Yeah I\u2019m the same too. It seems as though here in the UK,people don\u2019t pay much attention to materials when buying clothing and are sometimes ready to fork out \u00a3100 on a polyester dress which cost \u00a310 pounds to make just because of the brand name. Quality is often forgotten. However I\u2019m French and in France ,people pay much more attention to those kinds of things. You\u2019ll often see people asking the shop assistants what material the clothing is made out of just as you do.", "The following rule tends to be true over there: The more high market the shop,the more natural materials they use and when they use sythetic it can be a mix of very good quality stuff.", "I however, CANNOT wear polyester or acrylic for more than an hour or 2 as it makes me sweat soo much and for some reason it also tends to make my sweat smelly which is something I don\u2019t get from cotton or wool. \ud83d\ude42 Makes me itch too. BUT I find that good quality gymwear is almost always synthetic and I prefer it to cotton sports wear which just seems to absorb all the humidity. Pretty interesting contradiction really \ud83d\ude42", "I, too, wear predominantly natural fibers. Pretty much all of the observations made in others\u2019 comments are why synthetics don\u2019t work for me. (My body does seem to do fine in rayon, although I did not know it was so polluting to create). I especially like bamboo\u2013it is so soft and silky, but I don\u2019t know if it, too, requires a creation process that is not environmentally friendly.", "In less than two months my son is getting married (a winter wedding in Houston). His bride really wants me to wear a formal mother-of-the-groom dress to conform with her mom\u2019s and stepmom\u2019s choice in wedding wear. I\u2019ve been urged NOT to wear black, but after hours of searching, I am not finding natural fibers in formal wear (except black). Does anyone have a suggestions as to where to look? I have olive skin but could wear deep teal, forest or sage green, deep plum, some browns\u2013like chocolate, navy. I\u2019d like 3/4 or long sleeves or a jacket if dress is sleeveless. I\u2019m about 5\u20197\u2033, (38AA), 140lbs. (Size 8-10.) The bride\u2019s desire is that I wear tea-length or maxi hem. I\u2019d prefer to spend $250 or less (so probably no silk), and want to be able to use the dress again.", "Thanks for any leads. \ud83d\ude42", "Hi Jessica. You may like to look at this article for inspiration https://40plusstyle.com/how-to-dress-mother-of-the-bride/ even though prices tend to be quite high for this store. Other than that it will be a matter of trying every store. I found this dress https://40plusstyle.com/the-blue-green-party-dress/ at Cos, which is a (brushed) pure cotton, but you will need to lucky to find something like this. You can also check my selection of dresses here which come in a variety of fabrics: https://40plusstyle.com/fabulous-dresses-and-tunics/ Good luck and enjoy the wedding! (By the way, this is a once-in-a-lifetime event; I once made the mistake of not spending enough on a major event so I do believe in spending more for special events like this. Perhaps you could consider a silk dress after all).", "Hi, Jessica. I second Kate\u2019s separates suggestion. I chose separates for my friend\u2019s wedding who had a similar request. Her wedding was held in the middle of summer. She had a 3-color scheme that flattered most skin tones. I wore an olive linen ensemble \u2013 maxi skirt, tank, collared jacket \u2013 and it turned out great!", "I firmly believe that formality exists on a continuum. I completely understand both your future daughter-in-law\u2019s wish that you dress formally and avoid black (it really is overrated and overdone), and your desire to find something in a natural fibre and flattering, rewearable cut. My advice is separates! Separates can look as formal as you wish them to be \u2013 a full, floor-length ball gown skirt and matching bustier can be white tie appropriate \u2013 or the very same skirt can be more casual when paired with a blouse or a simple cashmere jumper. You can also select a sleeker skirt silhouette. I will post some image links later. I am currently on my Ipad which makes switching between windows very difficult.", "84 Connie Anderson", "I am a highly sensitive person. It was near impossible to find school clothes as a kid. Acrylic must not breathe. I get so hot in it. It would be good for park as. I usually stick to cotton with a hint of something else so it won\u2019t shrink. I couldn\u2019t stomach polyester. But I love microfiber in blankets, etc. It is just impossible to find clothes that don\u2019t scratch, don\u2019t make me feel like I am in a sauna, pinch, bind, etc. I love to dress nice for work, outings, etc.. But, like you said: too many synthetic materials and very cheap sewing from third world countries (WomanWithin).", "85 metta jr", "Hii\u2026\u2026am from Tanzania\u2026.", "I always prefer to wear cloth made from cotton since it makes me comfotable", "i am an elderly lady who cannot wear synthetics at all bras are a nightmare I break out in a really firey sore rash if I try I am big busted so do really need a bra but cannot buy a all cotton one anywhere..ideally I would like some made but can\u2019t even do that,always wear cotton tops and pants no nylon taboo", "Ever try girlease bra liners , they are great ! Company is in San Diego CA. Found them one line . This is a step up from when grand ma used to put tissues in bra ! LoL. Also try gold bond powder or other anti fungal powder or OTC anti fungal cream after clearing with your doctor of course.", "88 Christiane", "I just wanted to suggest to take corn starch instead of Gold bond because it\u2019s the same stuff but they had chemicals in it for preservation (apparently It helps to preserve but corn starch is one of the best and versatile product that ever exist with many anti-bacterial, anti-viral and fungal and so on in it\u2026 I also wanted to add that I too i\u2019m very picky with the material i wear and always check the label. Cotton, bamboo is new to me and i love it, wool, leather etc\u2026 even my household has to be as closest as possible to true material like wood. I\u2019m sick of finding plastic in everything and everywhere. Today i was actually looking up for a pillow i saw on FB. The filling inside is call Fossflakes so i want to know what the flakes are made up of and that\u2019s how i fell on your site\u2026 This is the ingredients i found\u2026 The filling material of the Fossflakes Superior Comfort-U Body Pillow Senior is a unique blend of 70% Fossflakes Essentials (polyethylene) and 30% Fossflakes Clusters (siliconized polyester fibers)\u2026. How good is that? Completely turned me off\u2026 too bad it was a nice body pillow.", "89 Rasna", "I am very picky as well! It is nice to see that I am not the only one. It doesn\u2019t matter how beautiful a garment is, if it is polyester or rayon I don\u2019t buy it. I stick mainly to cotton and silk, and sometime cashmere if I can afford it.", "90 K. Louise, Spoonie Style", "I have a facebook page and fashion blog for people living with chronic illness and/or chronic pain\u2013a common side effect for many medications is sweating for no reason, in addition to the fact that many chronic illnesses come with a \u201cbroken\u201d personal thermostat and/or extreme skin sensitivity. This makes polyester a very difficult fabric for my readers to wear, and probably 2/3 of the research I do on clothing is spent just checking fabric content. I make a point of including plus-size items (weight gain being another common side effect of maintenance meds and limited physical activity) and about 97% of plus-size clothing, including very high-end items, is polyester. I do allow, with some caveats, clothing made of nylon or occasionally acrylic, since these at least have slightly better moisture permeability\u2026.and since virtually every bra in existence is made of nylon or polyester, it\u2019s an important distinction at times. For the commenter Jessica, looking for a mother-of-the-groom dress, you may want to look into Rent the Runway\u2013an option which allows you to rent extremely high-end gowns for an event rather than purchasing them outright. Soft Surroundings is a nice source for highly embellished pieces and items in quality fabrics that come in regular and plus sizes. For simple basics, J. Jill is perhaps the best at reliable quality and timelessness\u2013their fit model is very boxy, however, so sizing down or having small alterations made may be advisable for some who prefer a more curve-skimming fit.", "Im With You. Cannot Wear, Or Wont Wear, Synthetics.", "92 Ann", "Couldn\u2019t agree more about polyester and other synthetics. I too am an avid reader of labels. I have to disagree about wool however. I have sensitive skin (made worse by chemotherapy) but I wear woollen underwear in winter\u2014I have some which feels like silk. It all depends on the right wool. Superfine merino is the way to go, not cheap stuff from China. And I have to also disagree about other fibres keeping one just as warm as wool. The only ones that do that are other natural fibres such as alpaca or cashmere \u2014which can be obtained for a reasonable price if you shop around.", "93 Rosie the Grouch", "I\u2019m very curious to know where you find (soft) woollen underwear? I have never seen that. In fact, even just 100% cotton underpants are hard to find where I shop (Northern and Central Europe).", "94 George Kiama", "I am also concerned about Polyester because it is hard to clean I have some few Polyester clothes.I normally don\u2019t look at the fabric when buying.In Africa many people are not aware of fabrics and their qualities.", "95 Nikki Franklin", "I also always read labels anything cotton silk linen mix are good for me. I have also recently tried viscose & does seem to breathe quite well. I find assistants in shops seem a bit mystified when request what fabric contains & wish sometimes the writing was a big bigger as very hard to decipher. Thanks for the list of fabrics & their qualities", "I find polyester hot, and I am upset that it is almost all the jeans I have shopped for including Gap, Old Navy and Loft.", "If anyone knows of jeans that are cotton only with some spandex maybe, let me know.", "I don\u2019t know what type of jeans you like, but when I wear denim, which doesn\u2019t happen very often, I choose Seven for all Mankind. Mine are 96% cotton with a bit of spandex. I also have a pair of J. Crew jeans that are cotton with just a bit of stretch, and Banana Republic still makes 98% cotton jeans with a hint of spandex for better fit.", "Hi there. For jeans and t-shirts that are mostly cotton with a bit of spandex try American eagle outfitters! Infact I found very few with polyester and I look very carefully as I appear to have a sensitivity to polyester.", "Many of aeo have viscose as well which is so soft and comfy.", "T-shirts are 100% cotton. Check out the yoga pants as well .", "I hope this helps. Their prices are agreeable too.", "99 Mavis", "Hi there \u2013 I could not agree more \u2013 I cannot wear synthetic materials as I get so hot and water really does run down me (perspiration)! Why are so many garments made of it. Even expensive clothes. Don\u2019t they realise it causes so many problems and is so bad for the environment. What can we do apart from not buying the goods but others do not see it and just buy all the time.", "100 mxine", "Hi, im a graphic designer living in rarotonga, cook islands. I found this blog because of my research on buying a sublimation that print designs on fabrics for display and hoped of printing on a variety of fabrics but to my dismay it will only on POLYESTER, the thank you for the info its important for us to use breathable and environmentally friendly fabrics and in the last 15 years we have been seeing an increase in polyester sarongs and fabrics not suited to our island climate\u2026puzzling? Like why? I almost was going to purchase this amazing printer but only by cause the colours looks so hood and vibrant. Thank you:-)", "I am a label checker also, polyester makes me sweat. It also affects my deodorant. 100% cotton or silk for me.", "I love the look of polyester shirts and love that they last longer than other materials like cotton. However, all of my polyester shirts stick to my skin which cause a very unattractive look (shows my stomach) and is obnoxious. Any advice on how to help this issue would be very appreciated! I have thought about a cotton undershirt? I have polyester undershirts and that makes everything stick together.", "Yes a cotton underskirt could help. Of course this issue is one of the reasons I avoid polyester skirts myself.", "104 VICKIE", "Your list failed to mention the most wonderful fabric for clothing or home furnishings, and that is natural flax linen. As I have grown older, comfort is my number 1 issue in clothing, due to health and other concerns. I began making my own loose style of clothing with linen because I could not find the style and fabric I wanted in the stores. Linen is the way to go for all clothing as it is breathable, antibacterial, and comfortable in all seasons. I suggest that anyone dealing with health issues, menopause, or just want a more organic way of living to try linen. I wear nothing else!", "Thanks for letting us know Vickie!", "106 Rosie the Grouch", "I also couldn\u2019t help noticing that linen was missing from the list. Two other plant fabrics missing are hemp and bamboo \ud83d\ude42", "I agree, Vickie, this past year I\u2019ve been hit hard with Perimenopause, and I\u2019ve been searching for clothes that are breathable. Linen has been the best, but I still have not found a bra I can comfortably wear.", "108 Valerie", "Its such a relief to find someone who thinks like me \u2026. I really hate all of this synthetic fabric that seem to be everywhere these days. Polyester, nylon and spandex are the worse ones for me. I know of many women who shop in \u2018second hand clothing\u2019 stores for just this reason where they can pick up items with quality natural fabrics.", "AND \u2026 whats with the use of Merino wool ??? When I was young this was only used for carpet and the like because it was so tough. Why are we not using the softer wools \u2013 you would think Merino was the only sheep that roamed this planet.", "Anyway Vickie, thanks for publishing \u2026 its a very interesting read .", "109 Ann", "I don\u2019t know where you live Valerie, but it is well known in Australia that Merino sheep produce the finest wool. It may have been used for carpets when you were young but years of careful breeding have reduced the micron reading so that it can now be used for all-season wear, even summer. I do agree with you about the synthetics though\u2014horrible and uncomfortable.", "I have to disagree; A poly-spandex blend such as in activewear is almost exclusively all that I\u2019ll wear. The colors don\u2019t fade, the fabric is taut and durable, it\u2019s supportive, looks vibrant, much easier to wash, less expensive to wash (cold water, gentle cycle, low heat dry), doesn\u2019t hold onto water and sweat like cotton and similar fabrics do, stretches and conforms to the body, more resistant to shrinkage, and is not a source of nutrition for bugs or other pests.", "Plus, what difference does it make if a cotton shirt or a polyester shirt is out in a landfill? It\u2019s still gonna take years and years for either one to decompose.", "111 Jeannie", "It\u2019s true that a polyester shirt could take up to 200 years to decompose, but a cotton shirt takes less than one year to decompose, often less than 6 months.", "Ummmm \u2026. exactly!!! less than one year \u2013 which basically means they dont last. At all. i wear designer clothing \u2013 i want it to last longer than just 1 year!! completely agree andrew \u2013 synthetic fabrics are more comfortable, hygeinic and durable.", "Reading the many comments regarding how many find it difficult to locate 100%", "cotton apparel, I\u2019m compelled to introduce my family\u2019s company, Needham Lane.", "Designed in USA and manufactured in India, all of our products, dresses, skirts, tunics, sleepwear, are made in 100% cotton. Visit our line at http://www.needhamlane.com", "114 Leola Kielty", "I am 83 years old and cannot wear polyester and other similar fabrics. My entire body gets very cold and sweaty all over. In recent years I find lots of fabrics made of cotton with some polyester which I can usually wear. However, for many years starting in 1950 thru 2010 it was impossible to find cotton blouses and shirts. For years I didn\u2019t realize what was causing me to be so uncomfortable and clammy all the time. I would advise everyone to only put cotton clothes on their babies. When my son was born (1951) I didn\u2019t understand about fabrics and I am sure he suffered from the fabrics I put on him. He was a sweaty and fussy baby. Please mothers, only put clothes on your babies that are cotton or at least 50% cotton. Carter makes lots of them.", "115 Karen Griffin", "Thanks for these comments. Since I started menopause I have had such trouble keeping my body temperature regulated and finding comfortable clothing. Cotton without polyester is becoming harder and harder to find. I buy only 100% cotton sheets and cotton or wool blankets. Otherwise I\u2019m miserable. It makes it hard to go somewhere \u2013 I usually travel with my own bedding, which makes me seem ungrateful as a guest when I use my own bedding. I\u2019m glad to hear that I\u2019m not the only one who notices how polyester makes you so uncomfortable. Even when signs say \u201ccotton\u201d they might not be more than partly cotton. Keep reading labels! I especially love the comments about the babies. I see these babies wearing the most outrageous get-ups sometimes in the name of fashion. Poor little guys!", "116 LiLi", "Nice read overall. Be careful listing above fibers. Modal and Viscose/Rayon are artifical fibers (a mix of chemical and natural materials)", "117 Valerie RJ", "As many have said, it\u2019s nice to see it\u2019s not just me.", "One issue for me is, fabrics with a high polyester content (heaven forbid 100%!) not only don\u2019t breathe, but a lot of times they don\u2019t give. Especially when you\u2019re talking a button down shirt.", "The primary issue is, polyester (and most manmade fibers) make my skin crawl. I seem to have skin that is sensitive to touch. I have the same problem with wool, cashmere, and angora. Feels great when I touch them with my hands, but I put it on and it makes me swat at whatever is trying to touch me. Especially my face.", "If I wear it too long it will actually cause my skin to hurt\u2026", "I am also with you. I will not wear anything polyester, period.", "I find it astounding that a company like Underarmor is so successful. Their clothing is almost elusively polyester.", "For those seeking 100% soft cotton sleepwear and apparel, I invite you to visit my company, Needham Lane,website, http://www.needhamlane.com", "120 Karianne", "Thanks for writing this article! For me synthetic clothing is a no-go to, mostly because of the static shocks you get when wearing these fabrics. In The Netherlands it\u2019s cold quite often so the heating is on at home and everywhere you go. The air gets very dry because of it and synthetics will give me shocks with almost everything I touch.", "Viscose syntetics? Absolutely wrong. Viscose/Rayon is made from cellulose. Cotton is also cellulose. It is breathable which is impossible for a syntetic fiber. Modal is also viscose but a little stronger.", "You better check your sources.", "This is what Wikipedia says: Viscose is both a semi-synthetic fiber, formerly called viscose rayon, or rayon and a solution of cellulose xanthate. The latter is produced by treating dissolving pulp with aqueous sodium hydroxide and carbon disulfide which is used to spin the viscose rayon fiber. Although a large part of it is cellulose, it\u2019s still very much a man-made fabric. It\u2019s actually declining in popularity due to its high pollution levels.", "Thank you for this fabric information. I always question polyester because I\u2019ve been told it\u2019s changed from when it first came out years ago, but I still find that it does not breathe unless it is a lower percentage combined with another fabric such as cotton with exception to polyester and spandex. Many times I find something that I really like with beautiful colors and learn it is 100% Polyester. I pass. In regards to Mohair which should be soft and comfortable I don\u2019t understand why I find that it itches.", "I landed on this page while looking for advice about electric blankets \u2014 they all seem to be made of synthetic fabric. I wanted to know the difference between \u201cnon-woven polyester\u201d, and, well, ordinary polyester. Until about 9 years ago, I slept between sheets that where a blend of polyester and cotton. When I got my first pure cotton bed sheets \u2014 WOW! \u2014 the increase in comfort was AMAZING. I actually slept more peacefully, woke up well-rested and in comfort. Now I can almost say I\u2019m allergic to polyester. But I guess there\u2019s no such thing as a cotton, or wool, or even silk electric blanket. I\u2019m thinking that the cotton sheets I use will shield me from the dreaded polyester, but I know polyester to generate a lot of static electricity. In my case it\u2019s especially bad because I have long flowing hair, which itself sparks when I comb it (which I rarely need to do anyway). Any info & advice would be most welcome.", "Non-woven is most likely a fleece like material.", "126 Maureen", "I agree for the most part. I much prefer natural fibers in general, but every once in awhile will find a polyester blend that works for me and wears well. I like that I can grab it in the morning without having to iron. I recently brought a beautiful poly/spandex dress which I have never done before and I was pleasantly surprised how comfortable it is. Possibly manufacturers are improving the quality a little these days.", "127 Ainun Najwa", "In the recent years, human have known how to make their own fibers by synthesizing the cellulose like molecules from oils example are polyester and nylons. The synthesizing forms are quite flexible and often very poor in breathing and hence they should always be mix with cotton.", "128 Anabela", "It\u2019s nice to learn that it\u2019s not just me that looks at fabric labels! What\u2019s also upsetting is that active wear/ sports where your skin should breathe because your sweating, a lot of Sports wear is polyester and expensive! They cheap out on quality but still sell it pricey!", "I just don\u2019t like how polyester feels on my skin and knowing that it\u2019s not environmentally friendly makes it worse.", "I am more concerned about how a garment looks and feels than fabric content, but I, too, have trouble wearing polyester. I have a couple tops that are labeled as polyester, but feel more like rayon. One is woven and the other is light knit. I have a couple other light knit items that are polyester but are very light and soft. I can wear these, too, but they are not very cool in summer. I have no problem wearing rayon, although it does not hold up as well as most other fabrics. Rayon feels cool in hot weather, but tears easily when wet. This means it does not hold up well for wearing during strenuous activity when you sweat. I have been having a lot of trouble finding night gowns. I absolutely cannot wear polyester or poly-cotton blend nightgowns. Polyester is usually made of short fibers that pill after a few washings. Pilled polyester feels like steel wool against my skin. There was a company that made the best cotton nightgowns until about ten years ago when they started selling 60 percent cotton, 40 percent polyester gowns. Soon nearly all the nightgowns sold in better department stores were made of poly-cotton. I am very careful at looking at fabric labels when I shop for nightgowns. It does not matter how careful I am. Sometimes I see a gown that says 100 percent cotton, but the \u201chand\u201d of it feels just like polyester. Designers are also using more short staple cotton. That too will pill just like polyester. Unfortunately, I think that in the future we will be seeing more short staple cotton in our clothing because long staple cotton is very expensive to grow. Growers need to use a lot of pesticides on it. Short staple cotton is not as susceptible to the pests that can ruin long staple cotton crops.", "130 Anja Sutcliffe", "Hello, I am searching the net for women that share my concern about polyester and synthetic clothing across the board especially in women\u2019s fashion. I am one of those women who cannot wear polyester and nylon and depended on cotton clothing my entire life. Not just when we are 40+, synthetic clothing irritates younger women as well. I got so fed up with the industry, specially in the legging market, that I developed my own brand of colorful cotton leggings. I opened my company Just for Colors in August 2016. It took almost a year to develop the company and my product to design and perfect the fit and the cotton fabric for my leggings. My leggings are designed with the mature women\u2019s body in mind with a design that doesn\u2019t squeeze us into shape but pants that give us flexibility and breathing room while conforming perfectly to our natural bodyform.", "I found in the last 20 years that polyester and nylon kicked out cotton in the entire industry, including leggings, I was unable to find cotton leggings anywhere in the stores or online that where colorful and cheerful. I did find them for my daughter and was always mad that there is nothing for us older girls out there in cotton. Blacks and grays are dominating the market.There is nothing wrong with a black or grey legging, but if that is all there is than there is a problem. I don\u2019t want to wear blacks and grays, I love color and I love fun designs and prints. Leggings for everyday wear, specially as a stay-at-home mom, who just wants to feel dressed and comfortable in functional clothes, that can be washed with ease and thrown into the dryer without feeling static. I have suffered my younger years with eczema and still have a tendency to very dry and easy irritable skin, thus I avoid synthetics at all cost. The same can be said for women\u2019s bras, there is nothing , absolutely nothing out there in cotton, just very unfashionable sport bras, that look terrible after a few times in the wash. Accommodating bras and panties are next on my designer heart. I also would love to experiment with other sustainable fabrics, specially with clothes that directly touch the skin.", "I am asking for help in introducing my cotton leggings to the market in finding women who encounter the same issues that I have in a world that has put plastic in our daily lives and has taken over the clothing industry and convinced us women that we have to wrap ourselves in plastic to be fashionable. My skin needs cotton, it cannot breathe without it. I am a women over 50 and I want to be fashionable and wear fun clothes that won\u2019t compromise my health.", "131 Fiona Blair", "Please check out my good friends facebook page \u2013 she is of the same opinion as you with her clothing line and will never make anything out of polyester!", "132 Simone Altmann", "An interesting and informative blog. I too am a label looker as I just can\u2019t tolerate synthetic fibres. Mela Purdie an Australian fashion designer uses a fabric called mouseline tec polyester. I can\u2019t seem to find any information on this fabric. Although it sounds synthetic it is a fabric that I can wear. Can anyone shed any light on this fabric?", "I definitely avoid polyester, it gives me an awful rash. Also, it makes you sweat smell much worse. Once I slept in a hotel with 50% polyester sheets and I got all itchy.", "Last few years I find it more easy to find cotton jeans without polyester.", "But now I\u2019m shopping for a summer dress and it seems 90% is polyester!", "Viscose is ok, it breathes, no humid feeling and no rash. (I thought it was natural)", "Well I just read all the comments and then went and checked all my clothes and was shockingly surprised that most of my best looking shirts and pants are 60% cotton and 40% polyester.", "On the other hand all my 100% cotton clothes looking dull just after a single hand wash. I don\u2019t know about the rest of you but I want to look good and wool, linen and cotton doesn\u2019t do it for me.", "There is a reason why there is so much polyester and nylon out there. Cause it looks good and very durable.", "In my view girl will sacrifice a bit of discomfort in order to look amazing rather than look like a granny in a wrinkled, cheap looking dress.", "Combinations of polyester with another fabric can look good. But many polyesters actually look cheap and don\u2019t look good in my opinion. As with anything it depends on the quality. However, the main reason why there is so much polyester and nylon is because it\u2019s cheap to produce and brands simply make more money from it.", "I love the breakdown of these fabrics as I am always explaining the differences to people after I took a textiles class in college. My biggest fabric beef is with rayon, not so much woven raton but the rayon spandex blends because even if you dont dry them they shrink to much over time. My favorite is linen..obviously because its breathable but also because it can get a little baggy throughout the day whih I actually like. I hate when people complain that linen is too sheer or shrinks, like no sh**t do your research before buying fabrics.", "137 Lisa", "Who cares, most people can\u2019t afford to buy all their clothing in natural fibre fabrics. I see something I like, I try it on and if it looks good and feels good and I can afford it then I buy it. I hate it when people are so laadidaa and picky about everything. Some synthetic wools and fabrics feel nicer than the animal fabrics.", "I don\u2019t have a problem with natural vs synthetic necessarily. I just go by the look and feel of the garment. Some 100 percent cotton garments can also look and feel quite cheap, for example, if the fabric is too thin or coarse. I have no knowledge of garment manufacture, but I usually look at the stitching to see if a garment is higher or lower quality. Messy stitching or crooked seams are a dead giveaway. I also like to see that that the patterns match up along seams or at least don\u2019t look obviously misaligned. I would like to know if there are some fabric blends that are considered higher quality than others or are more durable.", "Thank-you! It\u2019s frustrating shopping when the vast majority of clothes are made from those itchy, fake fabrics! I\u2019m actually put off working in an office because I cannot stand the thought of all the polyester shirts and trousers; I feel itchy, sweaty and gross just thinking about it! They\u2019re always the wrong feeling, like when it\u2019s hot they\u2019re sweaty but when it\u2019s cold, they\u2019re freezing. Like reverse thermals. It\u2019s so distracting when your clothes just aren\u2019t right and it\u2019s so difficult to find anything made out of a nice, breathable fabrics. I don\u2019t even shop with my friends now because I wind them up feeling all the fabrics first. Don\u2019t even get me started on how badly women\u2019s clothes are designed too, they\u2019re uncomfortable, impractical and mostly made of sweaty sandpaper lol! Give me strength. Please do a separate article on where to buy well made clothes online because I think everyone is done with the high street and I\u2019d be so interested in finding a store/ brand I can finally trust! xxx", "140 Tessa", "Sorry for the correction by Viscose is manufactured from naturally occurring polymers so it is classified as a semi-synthetic fabric, not a synthetic one as you have put. Because although the fibres are naturally-occurring, the Viscose process used to make the fabric is very much man-made. It is defined as a \u2018re-generated cellulose fibre\u2019. Also, Rayon is the generic name used for any fibre using regenerated cellulose and subsequently the yarn and fabric made from this. Viscose however, is the process that the wood pulp goes through to make the Rayon fabric, there are other processes used to make Rayon fabrics, such as Modal or Lyocell, again these are given their names after the process used to make them. Both Model and Lyocell are more environmentally friendly processes than the viscose process, but they are still a cellulosic fibre that makes a rayon fabric. The viscose process is also called the \u2018Cellulose Xanthate\u2019 process!", "Yes, I look at clothing labels and won\u2019t wear certain things. I am also studying a masters in fashion futures and sustainability and read a lot about fibres!", "141 Derick Lloyd", "I have a casual jacket manufactured by SOHO UNITED, that does not have a Washing or Dry Cleaning instruction label. There IS a tab that identifies the material as 50% Poliester (not Polyester), and 50% AL6ODON (or something close to that, it is not totally clear) and I need to determine how to clean it. It was a gift to me and unfortunately I am unable to determine a way of contacting the manufacturer, or the establishment it was purchased from. I have searched extensively for information without success, and hope some kind caring person can advise me.", "142 Sue", "I detest polyester \u2013 hot in the summer, cold in the winter, and does not breathe.", "To me, polyester = plastic. I don\u2019t care what other name it gets called; it\u2019s still plastic. Lived in Houston and polyester in 99% humidity does not work together. Houston women don\u2019t wear hosiery either. It\u2019s just miserable. Ladies \u2014 if something says it\u2019s \u201csilky\u201d that does not mean it is real silk. Silky is glorified polyester.", "Try real silk (if you can afford it), linen, cotton or a combination of cotton and linen. If it\u2019s 100% linen, you might consider having it dry cleaned \u2014 it doesn\u2019t wrinkle as much as washing. I can manage some items with rayon. Yes, you may pay more for natural fabrics, but they usually last longer. Look at it this way \u2014 natural fabrics are cheaper than heat strokes.", "143 hiuzetr", "I recently saw a $230 Prada men\u2019s tie made of polyester. The polyester turned me of more than the price. And then I saw the tie was lined with silk!! Why didn\u2019t they make the tie of silk and its lining of polyester?? Almost comical.", "144 A.C. Smith", "Yeah, me too! My initial prejudice is for naturals and against synthetics. However, my extensive wardrobe still includes a few synthetic or part synthetic items and I\u2019d be loath to chuck them, because they do do a turn. Really, it\u2019s a matter of horses for courses. Thus, e.g., while most of my shirts are 100% cotton (including some sea", "island quality), there are also a dozen or so polycotton shortsleeved ones that are convenient and were also dirt cheap. Again, most of my tailored suits are 100% pure wool but that doesn\u2019t stop me occasionally wearing the one wool and poly mix one any more than the silk and linen mix one. Such eclecticism leads to desirable versatility. I have all cotton underwear but would wear certain synthetic base layers for their thermal properties.", "I cannot stand polyester! The man-made materials of all kinds seem to continually cause issues in the world. I am extremely allergic to it. I am always carrying benadryl. If I react I can have hives the size of my head all over my body, eyes swollen shut, lips up to 3x their size. I\u2019ve been reacting for 14yrs now. Olive oil on hives helps with itch, either claritin or zytec everyday has helped with touch all day in places I go and not notice.", "I was wondering what sort of features a fabric made of 95% polyester and 5% elastane. Does it perish easily? is it see through? how does it go after a few washes?", "147 Deb", "I detest polyester and acrylics but I don\u2019t have the budget for Eileen Fisher \u2013 plus her clothes just don\u2019t flatter my petite pear-shaped figure \u2013 way too boxy. I find I\u2019ve been buying more modal or microfiber.", "The bright green drape dress", "What kind of clothes do women over 40 want?", "The best dresses with sleeves for summer", "Fitness clothes for women over 40 \u2013 some ideas", "Previous post: Can women over 40 buy only expensive clothing?", "Next post: The bright green drape dress" ] }, { "url": "https://oureverydaylife.com/the-advantages-of-polyester-cotton-12402231.html", "title": "The Advantages of Polyester Cotton Our Everyday Life", "content": [ "The Advantages of Polyester Cotton", "About Polyester Cotton Blend", "The Advantages of Wool Clothing", "Which Fabrics Are Most Fire Resistant?", "Lauren Burke/Photodisc/Getty Images", "Polyester-cotton material is a blend of both fabrics, with a ratio in the vicinity of 35 percent polyester and 65 percent cotton, although 50-50 blends are also readily available. When the two materials are blended, the wearer gets the benefits of both polyester and cotton fibers in one fabric.", "Pros and Cons of Polyester", "Polyester is sometimes referred to as the poor man\u2019s cotton, notes the Portland Tribune website. It isn\u2019t as comfortable as cotton because it keeps sweat close to your body, whereas cotton soaks up and then releases moisture. Unlike cotton, polyester does not breathe and is apt to stick to skin when an individual sweats, but it is extremely tear-resistant and is more elastic than cotton. Polyester is a strong and flexible material and extends the wear of cotton. Manmade fabrics, such as polyester, don\u2019t allow air to ventilate as well as cotton does, and this characteristic allows fungi to thrive if polyester is worn close to the body for long periods of time. An advantage of polyester is that it is not reliant on nature to grow, and it is cheaper than cotton.", "Pros and Cons of Cotton", "The benefits of cotton are that it is breathable, which means it is a good material to wear when it\u2019s hot. However, cotton will wear out and rip, particularly if it is 100 percent cotton. Cotton canvas won\u2019t rip as easily, but it is heavy. Natural fibers, such as cotton, are more expensive than synthetic (polyester) materials. Cotton burns, whereas polyester melts. Cotton is hypoallergenic and doesn\u2019t cause allergies or irritate skin. It is soft and long-lasting if cared for. It is easily blended with polyester or other synthetics and can be treated so that it is heat-resistant. Cotton is also easily dyed because of its absorbency properties. Cotton is a natural product, and therefore doesn\u2019t contain any chemicals. Because cotton has a naturally textured surface, it is good for cleaning and can be sterilized. Cotton doesn\u2019t irritate the skin, because it is supple; but it is not as durable as polyester, which is unyielding. Cotton canvas is far more abrasion-resistant than polyester.", "When combining polyester with cotton, the result is a stronger material, which is durable and affordable. Cotton combined with polyester is less prone to pilling and static.Today\u2019s poly-cotton blends are softer than their predecessors. This type of fabric keeps it shape and color longer, and it doesn\u2019t shrink. Blended products are usually less expensive and last longer than cotton, according to TMS Promotional Wear and Products.", "Portland Tribune: Sustainable", "TMS Promotional Wear and Products: Cotton vs. Polyester" ] } ], "selected_contents": [ [ false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ] ] }, "timestamp": 1616078276 } ], "start_timestamp": 1616077496 } }