[ { "chosen_topic": "Science fiction", "persona": "i enjoy movies about aliens invading the earth.", "wizard_eval": 5, "dialog": [ { "speaker": "0_Wizard", "text": "I think science fiction is an amazing genre for anything. Future science, technology, time travel, FTL travel, they're all such interesting concepts.", "checked_sentence": { "chosen_Science_fiction_0": "Science fiction (often shortened to SF or sci-fi) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life." }, "checked_passage": { "chosen_topic_0_Science_fiction": "Science fiction" }, "retrieved_passages": [ { "Hyperspace (science fiction)": [ "Hyperspace is a faster-than-light (FTL) method of traveling used in science fiction.", "It is typically described as an alternative \"sub-region\" of space co-existing with our own universe which may be entered using an energy field or other device.", "As seen in most fiction hyperspace is most succinctly described as a \"somewhere else\" within which the laws of general and special relativity decidedly do \"not\" apply \u2013 especially with respect to the speed of light being the cosmic speed limit.", "Entering and exiting said \"elsewhere\" thus directly enables travel near or faster than the speed of light \u2013 almost universally with the aid of extremely advanced technology." ] }, { "Science fiction": [ "Science fiction (often shortened to SF or sci-fi) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life.", "Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a \"literature of ideas\".", "It usually avoids the supernatural, unlike the related genre of fantasy.", "Historically, science-fiction stories have had a grounding in actual science, but now this is only expected of hard science fiction." ] }, { "History of science fiction": [ "The literary genre of science fiction is diverse, and its exact definition remains a contested question among both scholars and devotees.", "This lack of consensus is reflected in debates about the genre's history, particularly over determining its exact origins.", "There are two broad camps of thought, one that identifies the genre's roots in early fantastical works such as the Sumerian \"Epic of Gilgamesh\" (earliest Sumerian text versions c. 2150\u20132000 BCE).", "A second approach argues that science fiction only became possible sometime between the 17th and early 19th centuries, following the scientific revolution and major discoveries in astronomy, physics, and mathematics." ] }, { "Science fiction film": [ "Science fiction film (or sci-fi film) is a genre that uses speculative, fictional science-based depictions of phenomena that are not fully accepted by mainstream science, such as extraterrestrial lifeforms, alien worlds, extrasensory perception and time travel, along with futuristic elements such as spacecraft, robots, cyborgs, interstellar travel or other technologies.", "Science fiction films have often been used to focus on political or social issues, and to explore philosophical issues like the human condition.", "In many cases, tropes derived from written science fiction may be used by filmmakers ignorant of or at best indifferent to the standards of scientific plausibility and plot logic to which written science fiction is traditionally held." ] }, { "Time travel": [ "Time travel is the concept of movement between certain points in time, analogous to movement between different points in space by an object or a person, typically using a hypothetical device known as a time machine, in the form of a vehicle or of a portal connecting distant points in spacetime, either to an earlier time or to a later time, without the need for the time-traveling body to experience the intervening period in the usual sense.", "Time travel is a widely-recognized concept in philosophy and fiction.", "It was popularized by H. G. Wells' 1895 novel \"The Time Machine\", which moved the concept of time travel into the public imagination." ] }, { "List of starships in Stargate": [ "This is a list of fictional starships in the \"Stargate\" universe depicted through a series of television shows and three feature-length movies.", "The Ancients are one of the most technologically advanced races in \"Stargate\", and this is reflected in their starships.", "Duplicates of these ships are utilized by their nanite creations, the Asurans, as they also possess knowledge of Ancient technology.", "The Puddle Jumper or Jumper is a small spacecraft used extensively in the \"Stargate Atlantis\" series.", "Puddle Jumpers were created by the Ancients and most exist within the city built by the Ancients known as Atlantis." ] }, { "History of US science fiction and fantasy magazines to 1950": [ "Science fiction and fantasy magazines began to be published in the US in the 1920s.", "Stories with science fiction themes had been appearing for decades in pulp magazines such as \"Argosy\", but there were no magazines that specialized in a single genre until 1915, when Street & Smith, one of the major pulp publishers, brought out \"Detective Story Magazine\".", "The first magazine to focus solely on fantasy and horror was \"Weird Tales\", which was launched in 1923, and established itself as the leading weird fiction magazine over the next two decades; writers such as H.P.", "Lovecraft, Clark Ashton Smith and Robert E. Howard became regular contributors." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Hyperspace (science fiction)", "Science fiction", "History of science fiction", "Science fiction film", "Time travel", "List of starships in Stargate", "History of US science fiction and fantasy magazines to 1950" ] }, { "speaker": "1_Apprentice", "text": "I'm a huge fan of science fiction myself! ", "retrieved_passages": [ { "Science fiction": [ "Science fiction (often shortened to SF or sci-fi) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life.", "Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a \"literature of ideas\".", "It usually avoids the supernatural, unlike the related genre of fantasy.", "Historically, science-fiction stories have had a grounding in actual science, but now this is only expected of hard science fiction." ] }, { "History of science fiction": [ "The literary genre of science fiction is diverse, and its exact definition remains a contested question among both scholars and devotees.", "This lack of consensus is reflected in debates about the genre's history, particularly over determining its exact origins.", "There are two broad camps of thought, one that identifies the genre's roots in early fantastical works such as the Sumerian \"Epic of Gilgamesh\" (earliest Sumerian text versions c. 2150\u20132000 BCE).", "A second approach argues that science fiction only became possible sometime between the 17th and early 19th centuries, following the scientific revolution and major discoveries in astronomy, physics, and mathematics." ] }, { "Isaac Asimov": [ "Isaac Asimov (; born Isaak Ozimov; January 2, 1920\u00a0\u2013 April 6, 1992) was an American writer and professor of biochemistry at Boston University.", "He was known for his works of science fiction and popular science.", "Asimov was a prolific writer, and wrote or edited more than 500 books and an estimated 90,000 letters and postcards.", "His books have been published in 9 of the 10 major categories of the Dewey Decimal Classification.", "Asimov wrote hard science fiction and, along with Robert A. Heinlein and Arthur C. Clarke, he was considered one of the \"Big Three\" science fiction writers during his lifetime." ] }, { "U.S. television science fiction": [ "U.S. television science fiction is a popular genre of television in the United States that has produced many of the best-known and most popular science fiction shows in the world.", "Most famous of all, and one of the most influential science-fiction series in history, is the iconic \"\" and its various spin-off shows, which comprise the Star Trek franchise.", "Other hugely influential programs have included the 1960s anthology series \"The Twilight Zone,\" the internationally successful \"The X-Files,\" and a wide variety of television movies and continuing series for more than half a century.", "The first popular science-fiction program on American television was the children's adventure serial \"Captain Video and His Video Rangers\", which ran from June 1949 to April 1955." ] }, { "History of US science fiction and fantasy magazines to 1950": [ "Science fiction and fantasy magazines began to be published in the US in the 1920s.", "Stories with science fiction themes had been appearing for decades in pulp magazines such as \"Argosy\", but there were no magazines that specialized in a single genre until 1915, when Street & Smith, one of the major pulp publishers, brought out \"Detective Story Magazine\".", "The first magazine to focus solely on fantasy and horror was \"Weird Tales\", which was launched in 1923, and established itself as the leading weird fiction magazine over the next two decades; writers such as H.P.", "Lovecraft, Clark Ashton Smith and Robert E. Howard became regular contributors." ] }, { "Starstruck (comics)": [ "Starstruck is an American comic book series.", "It was inspired by the off-Broadway stage play with the same name written by Elaine Lee, with contributions from Susan Norfleet Lee and Dale Place.", "The \"Starstruck\" creator-owned illustrated science fiction serial has been produced at various intervals since 1982 by writer Lee and artist Michael Wm.", "Kaluta; their primary collaborators are colorist Lee Moyer and letterer Todd Klein.", "The series, epic in scope, has been carried across multiple comic companies, but primarily by Epic Comics, Dark Horse Comics, and IDW Publishing.", "It was collected in a revised and recolored hardcover book form as \"Starstruck Deluxe Edition\" in 2011." ] }, { "LGBT themes in speculative fiction": [ "LGBT themes in speculative fiction refer to the incorporation of lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) themes into science fiction, fantasy, horror fiction and related genres.", "Such elements may include an LGBT character as the protagonist or a major character, or explorations of sexuality or gender that deviate from the hetero-normative.", "Science fiction and fantasy have traditionally been puritanical genres aimed at a male readership, and can be more restricted than non-genre literature by their conventions of characterisation and the effect that these conventions have on depictions of sexuality and gender." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Science fiction", "History of science fiction", "Isaac Asimov", "U.S. television science fiction", "History of US science fiction and fantasy magazines to 1950", "Starstruck (comics)", "LGBT themes in speculative fiction" ] }, { "speaker": "0_Wizard", "text": "Awesome! I really love how sci-fi storytellers focus on political/social/philosophical issues that would still be around even in the future. Makes them relatable.", "checked_sentence": { "self_Science_fiction_film_1": "Science fiction films have often been used to focus on political or social issues, and to explore philosophical issues like the human condition." }, "checked_passage": { "self_3_Science_fiction_film": "Science fiction film" }, "retrieved_passages": [ { "Oddworld Inhabitants": [ "Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\"." ] }, { "Legalism (Chinese philosophy)": [ "Fajia () or Legalism is one of Sima Tan's six classical schools of thought in Chinese philosophy.", "Roughly meaning \"house of Fa\" (administrative \"methods\" or \"standards\"), the \"school\" (term) represents some several branches of realistic statesmen or \"men of methods\" (fashu zishi) foundational for the traditional Chinese bureaucratic empire.", "Compared with Machiavelli, it has often been considered in the Western world as akin to the Realpolitikal thought of ancient China.", "Largely ignoring morality or questions on how a society ideally should function, they examined contemporary government; emphasizing a realistic consolidation of the wealth and power of autocrat and state, with the goal of achieving increased order, security and stability." ] }, { "Sci-Fi on the Rock": [ "Sci-Fi on the Rock is an annual science fiction, fantasy and horror festival held in St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.", "It was founded by Darren Hann and Melanie Collins in mid-to-late 2006, and held its first festival in 2007.", "It began in 2007 at the Hotel Mount Pearl, moving on to be housed in the Holiday Inn in St. John's as of April 2008.", "The convention made another move in 2016 to the Sheraton Hotel Newfoundland.", "The festival has had a number a notable guests both from Newfoundland and beyond, including science-fiction author Kenneth Tam (\"Defense Command\", \"His Majesty's New World\"), comic-book artist Paul Tucker (\"The Underworld Railroad\", \"Google John Smith\"), actor Brian Downey (\"Lexx\", \"Millennium\"), actor Jeremy Bulloch (\"The Empire Strikes Back\", \"Octopussy\"), author William Meikle (\"The Midnight Eye\" series), horror author Matthew LeDrew (\"Black Womb\", \"Roulette\") and author Shannon Patrick Sullivan (\"The Dying Days\")." ] }, { "Starstruck (comics)": [ "Starstruck is an American comic book series.", "It was inspired by the off-Broadway stage play with the same name written by Elaine Lee, with contributions from Susan Norfleet Lee and Dale Place.", "The \"Starstruck\" creator-owned illustrated science fiction serial has been produced at various intervals since 1982 by writer Lee and artist Michael Wm.", "Kaluta; their primary collaborators are colorist Lee Moyer and letterer Todd Klein.", "The series, epic in scope, has been carried across multiple comic companies, but primarily by Epic Comics, Dark Horse Comics, and IDW Publishing.", "It was collected in a revised and recolored hardcover book form as \"Starstruck Deluxe Edition\" in 2011." ] }, { "The Spirit of the Age": [ "The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825." ] }, { "Science fiction film": [ "Science fiction film (or sci-fi film) is a genre that uses speculative, fictional science-based depictions of phenomena that are not fully accepted by mainstream science, such as extraterrestrial lifeforms, alien worlds, extrasensory perception and time travel, along with futuristic elements such as spacecraft, robots, cyborgs, interstellar travel or other technologies.", "Science fiction films have often been used to focus on political or social issues, and to explore philosophical issues like the human condition.", "In many cases, tropes derived from written science fiction may be used by filmmakers ignorant of or at best indifferent to the standards of scientific plausibility and plot logic to which written science fiction is traditionally held." ] }, { "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe": [ "The music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is the film and television scores composed by various composers for the films and television series of that franchise.", "Ramin Djawadi provided the first MCU music with his original score for \"Iron Man\" in 2008.", "Alan Silvestri was the first composer to work on multiple MCU films after he transitioned from scoring \"\" (2011) to \"Marvel's The Avengers\" (2012), while Brian Tyler was the first composer to reference the work of another MCU composer when he quoted Silvestri's \"Captain America March\" in his score for \"\" (2013).", "Original music has also been composed for the Marvel One-Shots short film series, and other related projects of the MCU, including the fanfares for the two Marvel Studios logos, composed by Tyler and Michael Giacchino, respectively." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Oddworld Inhabitants", "Legalism (Chinese philosophy)", "Sci-Fi on the Rock", "Starstruck (comics)", "The Spirit of the Age", "Science fiction film", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe" ] }, { "speaker": "1_Apprentice", "text": "I agree. One of my favorite forms of science fiction is anything related to time travel! I find it fascinating.", "retrieved_passages": [ { "Science fiction": [ "Science fiction (often shortened to SF or sci-fi) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life.", "Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a \"literature of ideas\".", "It usually avoids the supernatural, unlike the related genre of fantasy.", "Historically, science-fiction stories have had a grounding in actual science, but now this is only expected of hard science fiction." ] }, { "Science fiction film": [ "Science fiction film (or sci-fi film) is a genre that uses speculative, fictional science-based depictions of phenomena that are not fully accepted by mainstream science, such as extraterrestrial lifeforms, alien worlds, extrasensory perception and time travel, along with futuristic elements such as spacecraft, robots, cyborgs, interstellar travel or other technologies.", "Science fiction films have often been used to focus on political or social issues, and to explore philosophical issues like the human condition.", "In many cases, tropes derived from written science fiction may be used by filmmakers ignorant of or at best indifferent to the standards of scientific plausibility and plot logic to which written science fiction is traditionally held." ] }, { "History of science fiction": [ "The literary genre of science fiction is diverse, and its exact definition remains a contested question among both scholars and devotees.", "This lack of consensus is reflected in debates about the genre's history, particularly over determining its exact origins.", "There are two broad camps of thought, one that identifies the genre's roots in early fantastical works such as the Sumerian \"Epic of Gilgamesh\" (earliest Sumerian text versions c. 2150\u20132000 BCE).", "A second approach argues that science fiction only became possible sometime between the 17th and early 19th centuries, following the scientific revolution and major discoveries in astronomy, physics, and mathematics." ] }, { "Time travel": [ "Time travel is the concept of movement between certain points in time, analogous to movement between different points in space by an object or a person, typically using a hypothetical device known as a time machine, in the form of a vehicle or of a portal connecting distant points in spacetime, either to an earlier time or to a later time, without the need for the time-traveling body to experience the intervening period in the usual sense.", "Time travel is a widely-recognized concept in philosophy and fiction.", "It was popularized by H. G. Wells' 1895 novel \"The Time Machine\", which moved the concept of time travel into the public imagination." ] }, { "Parallel universes in fiction": [ "A parallel universe is a hypothetical self-contained reality co-existing with one's own.", "A specific group of parallel universes are called a \"multiverse\", although this term can also be used to describe the possible parallel universes that constitute reality.", "While the terms \"parallel universe\" and \"alternative reality\" are generally synonymous and can be used interchangeably in most cases, there is sometimes an additional connotation implied with the term \"alternative reality\" that implies that the reality is a variant of our own.", "The term \"parallel universe\" is more general, without any connotations implying a relationship, or lack of relationship, with our own universe." ] }, { "Alternate history": [ "Alternate history or alternative history (Commonwealth English), sometimes abbreviated as AH, is a genre of fiction consisting of stories in which one or more historical events occur differently.", "These stories usually contain \"what if\" scenarios at crucial points in history and present outcomes other than those in the historical record.", "The stories are conjectural, but are sometimes based on fact.", "Alternate history has been seen as a subgenre of literary fiction, science fiction, or historical fiction; alternate history works may use tropes from any or all of these genres.", "Another term occasionally used for the genre is \"allohistory\" (literally \"other history\")." ] }, { "Time travel in fiction": [ "Time travel is a common theme in fiction and has been depicted in a variety of media, such as literature, television, film, and advertisements.", "The concept of time travel by mechanical means was popularized in H. G. Wells' 1895 story, \"The Time Machine\".", "In general, time travel stories focus on the consequences of traveling into the past or the future.", "The central premise for these stories oftentimes involves changing history, either intentionally or by accident, and the ways by which altering the past changes the future and creates an altered present or future for the time traveler when they return home." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Science fiction", "Science fiction film", "History of science fiction", "Time travel", "Parallel universes in fiction", "Alternate history", "Time travel in fiction" ] }, { "speaker": "0_Wizard", "text": "It's not quite sci-fi, but my favorite version of time travel is in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. Breaks zero logical rules.", "checked_sentence": { "partner_Time_travel_in_fiction_3": "The central premise for these stories oftentimes involves changing history, either intentionally or by accident, and the ways by which altering the past changes the future and creates an altered present or future for the time traveler when they return home." }, "checked_passage": { "partner_6_Time_travel_in_fiction": "Time travel in fiction" }, "retrieved_passages": [ { "Magical objects in Harry Potter": [ "The following is a list of magical objects used in the \"Harry Potter\" series.", "In \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\", Hermione Granger creates fake, enchanted Galleons that are used for communication between members of Dumbledore's Army.", "Like real Galleons, the coins have numerals around the edge; on normal Galleons these serial numbers aren't used the same way the enchanted coins are used, the numbers represent the time and date of the next meeting, and automatically change to match whatever numbers Harry Potter sets on his coin.", "Due to the coins being infused with a Protean Charm, once Harry Potter alters his, every coin changes to suit." ] }, { "List of supporting Harry Potter characters": [ "The following are supporting characters in the \"Harry Potter\" series written by J. K. Rowling.", "For members of the Order of the Phoenix, Dumbledore's Army, Hogwarts staff, Ministry of Magic, or for Death Eaters, see the respective articles.", "The Dursley family are Harry Potter's last living relatives.", "To ensure Harry's safety, Albus Dumbledore placed him in the Dursleys' care when he was a baby.", "The Dursleys live at Number 4, Privet Drive, Little Whinging in Surrey, England.", "They are all Muggles, and despise all things related to magic \u2013 and anything out of the ordinary in general \u2013 and the Wizarding World, especially the Potters." ] }, { "Harry Potter": [ "Harry Potter is a series of fantasy novels written by British author J. K. Rowling.", "The novels chronicle the life of a young wizard, Harry Potter, and his friends Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley, all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry.", "The main story arc concerns Harry's struggle against Lord Voldemort, a dark wizard who intends to become immortal, overthrow the wizard governing body known as the Ministry of Magic, and subjugate all wizards and muggles, a reference term that means non-magical people.", "Since the release of the first novel, \"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\", on 26 June 1997, the books have found immense popularity, critical acclaim, and commercial success worldwide." ] }, { "Order of the Phoenix (fictional organisation)": [ "The Order of the Phoenix is a secret organisation in the \"Harry Potter\" series of fiction books written by J. K. Rowling.", "Founded by Albus Dumbledore to fight Lord Voldemort and his followers, the Death Eaters, the Order lends its name to the fifth book of the series, \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\".", "Before the Harry Potter series starts \u2013 when the character Lord Voldemort declared war on the wizarding world \u2013 Albus Dumbledore, headmaster of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry and an upstanding and powerful citizen of the wizarding world, attempted to take control of the situation by founding the Order of the Phoenix." ] }, { "Places in Harry Potter": [ "J. K. Rowling's \"Harry Potter\" universe contains numerous settings for the events in her fantasy novels.", "These locations are categorised as a dwelling, school, shopping district, or government-affiliated locale.", "The Weasleys' home, known as the Burrow, is located outside the village of Ottery St Catchpole, also near the home of the Lovegoods, the Diggorys and the Fawcetts.", "The Burrow was used as the Order of the Phoenix's headquarters, due to the compromised Fidelius Charm placed on 12 Grimmauld Place, in \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\" until it lost its given protection.", "The Weasley house has seven floors." ] }, { "Ministry of Magic": [ "The Ministry of Magic is the government of the Magical community of Britain in \"J. K. Rowling's Wizarding World\" .The magical government in Britain is first mentioned in \"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone,\" the Ministry makes its first proper appearance in \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\".", "Throughout the books, it is generally depicted as either corrupt, incompetent, or both, with its high officials blind to actual events and dangers.", "It reaches a zenith of corruption before being effectively taken over by Lord Voldemort.", "At the end of the final book, following Voldemort's death, Kingsley Shacklebolt takes over the ministry, changing it for the better." ] }, { "Harry Potter (film series)": [ "Harry Potter is a British-American film series based on the \"Harry Potter\" novels by author J. K. Rowling.", "The series is distributed by Warner Bros. and consists of eight fantasy films, beginning with \"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\" (2001) and culminating with \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 2\" (2011).", "A spin-off prequel series will consist of five films, starting with \"Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them\" (2016).", "The \"Fantastic Beasts\" films mark the beginning of a shared media franchise known as J. K. Rowling's Wizarding World.", "The series was mainly produced by David Heyman, and stars Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert Grint, and Emma Watson as the three leading characters: Harry Potter, Ron Weasley, and Hermione Granger." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Magical objects in Harry Potter", "List of supporting Harry Potter characters", "Harry Potter", "Order of the Phoenix (fictional organisation)", "Places in Harry Potter", "Ministry of Magic", "Harry Potter (film series)" ] }, { "speaker": "1_Apprentice", "text": "And that's difficult to do when dealing with time travel. I actually haven't seen the latest Harry Potter movies. Guess it's time to check them out!", "retrieved_passages": [ { "Politics of Harry Potter": [ "There are many published theories about the politics of the Harry Potter books by J. K. Rowling, which range from them containing criticism of racism to anti-government sentiments.", "According to \"Inside Higher Ed\", doctoral theses have been devoted to the Harry Potter books.", "There are also several university courses centred on analysis of the Potter series, including an upper division Political Science course.", "\"Time\" magazine noted the political and social aspects of Harry Potter in their 2007 Person of the Year issue where Rowling placed third behind politicians Vladimir Putin and Al Gore.", "Harry Potter's potential social and political impact was called similar to the 19th century phenomenon of Harriet Beecher Stowe's popular, but critically maligned book, \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\", which fuelled the abolitionist movement leading up to the American Civil War." ] }, { "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series": [ "Religious debates over the \"Harry Potter\" series of books by J. K. Rowling are based on claims that the novels contain occult or Satanic subtexts.", "A number of Protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox Christians have argued against the series, as have some Shia and Sunni Muslims.", "Supporters of the series have said that the magic in \"Harry Potter\" bears little resemblance to occultism, being more in the vein of fairy tales such as \"Cinderella\" and \"Snow White\", or to the works of C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien, both of whom are known for writing fantasy novels with Christian subtexts.", "Far from promoting a particular religion, some argue, the \"Harry Potter\" novels go out of their way to avoid discussing religion at all." ] }, { "Magical objects in Harry Potter": [ "The following is a list of magical objects used in the \"Harry Potter\" series.", "In \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\", Hermione Granger creates fake, enchanted Galleons that are used for communication between members of Dumbledore's Army.", "Like real Galleons, the coins have numerals around the edge; on normal Galleons these serial numbers aren't used the same way the enchanted coins are used, the numbers represent the time and date of the next meeting, and automatically change to match whatever numbers Harry Potter sets on his coin.", "Due to the coins being infused with a Protean Charm, once Harry Potter alters his, every coin changes to suit." ] }, { "Harry Potter": [ "Harry Potter is a series of fantasy novels written by British author J. K. Rowling.", "The novels chronicle the life of a young wizard, Harry Potter, and his friends Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley, all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry.", "The main story arc concerns Harry's struggle against Lord Voldemort, a dark wizard who intends to become immortal, overthrow the wizard governing body known as the Ministry of Magic, and subjugate all wizards and muggles, a reference term that means non-magical people.", "Since the release of the first novel, \"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\", on 26 June 1997, the books have found immense popularity, critical acclaim, and commercial success worldwide." ] }, { "Harry Potter fandom": [ "\"\"Harry Potter\" fandom\" refers to the community of fans of the \"Harry Potter\" books and movies who participate in entertainment activities that revolve around the series, such as reading and writing fan fiction, creating and soliciting fan art, engaging in role-playing games, socializing on \"Harry Potter\"-based forums, and more.", "The fandom interacts online as well as offline through activities such as fan conventions, tours of iconic landmarks relevant to the books and production of the films, and parties held for the midnight release of each book and film.", "By the fourth \"Harry Potter\" book, the legions of fans had grown so large that considerable security measures were taken to ensure that no book was purchased before the official release date." ] }, { "List of supporting Harry Potter characters": [ "The following are supporting characters in the \"Harry Potter\" series written by J. K. Rowling.", "For members of the Order of the Phoenix, Dumbledore's Army, Hogwarts staff, Ministry of Magic, or for Death Eaters, see the respective articles.", "The Dursley family are Harry Potter's last living relatives.", "To ensure Harry's safety, Albus Dumbledore placed him in the Dursleys' care when he was a baby.", "The Dursleys live at Number 4, Privet Drive, Little Whinging in Surrey, England.", "They are all Muggles, and despise all things related to magic \u2013 and anything out of the ordinary in general \u2013 and the Wizarding World, especially the Potters." ] }, { "Legal disputes over the Harry Potter series": [ "Since first coming to wide notice in the late 1990s, the \"Harry Potter\" book series by J. K. Rowling has engendered a number of legal disputes.", "Rowling, her various publishers and Time Warner, the owner of the rights to the \"Harry Potter\" films, have taken numerous legal actions to protect their copyrights, and also have fielded accusations of copyright theft themselves.", "The worldwide popularity of the \"Harry Potter\" series has led to the appearance of a number of locally produced, unauthorised sequels and other derivative works, sparking efforts to ban or contain them.", "While these legal proceedings have countered a number of cases of outright piracy, other attempts have targeted not-for-profit endeavours and have been criticised." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Politics of Harry Potter", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series", "Magical objects in Harry Potter", "Harry Potter", "Harry Potter fandom", "List of supporting Harry Potter characters", "Legal disputes over the Harry Potter series" ] }, { "speaker": "0_Wizard", "text": "If you really want a look at the potential negative consequences of scientific innovation, what you should check out is the TV show Fringe. Incredibly well written.", "checked_sentence": { "chosen_Science_fiction_0": "Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a \"literature of ideas\"." }, "checked_passage": { "chosen_topic_0_Science_fiction": "Science fiction" }, "retrieved_passages": [ { "Characters of Casualty": [ "\"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "\"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two \u2013 Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) \u2013 have since left the show." ] }, { "Adolescent sexuality in the United States": [ "According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in the year 2007, 35% of US high school students were currently sexually active and 47.8% of US high school students reported having had sexual intercourse.", "This percentage has decreased slightly since 1991.", "According to a 1994 study, every year an estimated one in four sexually active teens contracts a sexually transmitted infection (STI).", "Teenage pregnancy is four times as prevalent in the United States as in the European Union.", "However, US teen pregnancy rates have been steadily declining for decades, according to the Centers for Disease Control and were at a \"record low\" as of 2012." ] }, { "Fringe (TV series)": [ "Fringe is an American science fiction television series created by J. J. Abrams, Alex Kurtzman, and Roberto Orci.", "It premiered on the Fox network on September 9, 2008, and concluded on January 18, 2013, after five seasons and 100 episodes.", "The series follows Olivia Dunham (Anna Torv), Peter Bishop (Joshua Jackson), and Walter Bishop (John Noble), all members of the fictional Fringe Division of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, based in Boston, Massachusetts, under the supervision of Homeland Security.", "The team uses fringe science and FBI investigative techniques to investigate a series of unexplained, often ghastly occurrences, which are related to mysteries surrounding a parallel universe." ] }, { "List of films considered the worst": [ "The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "\"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana\u2014from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness." ] }, { "Days Gone Bye (The Walking Dead)": [ "\"Days Gone Bye\" is the first episode of the post-apocalyptic horror television series \"The Walking Dead\".", "It originally aired on AMC in the United States on October 31, 2010.", "The episode was written and directed by Frank Darabont, the series creator.", "Robert Kirkman, the creator of the eponymous series of comic books, considered the idea of creating a television show based on the comic series, but did not move forward.", "Frank Darabont expressed interest in developing the series for television.", "In January 2010, AMC formally announced that it had ordered a pilot for a possible series adapted from \"The Walking Dead\" comic book." ] }, { "Stigma management": [ "When a person receives unfair treatment or alienation due to a social stigma, the effects can be detrimental.", "Social stigmas are defined as any aspect of an individual's identity that is devalued in a social context.", "These stigmas can be categorized as visible or invisible, depending on whether the stigma is readily apparent to others.", "Visible stigmas refer to characteristics such as race, age, gender, physical disabilities, or deformities, whereas invisible stigmas refer to characteristics such sexual orientation, gender identity, religious affiliation, early pregnancy, certain diseases, or mental illnesses." ] }, { "All I Really Want to Do (album)": [ "All I Really Want to Do is the debut solo studio album by American singer-actress Cher and was released on October 16, 1965, by Imperial Records.", "The album was produced for Cher by her then husband and singing partner, Sonny Bono, with contributions from arranger Harold Battiste.", "The album is by-and-large a collection of cover versions but does contain three songs written by Bono.", "Upon its release, the album was well received by critics and garnered positive reviews.", "At the same time that the duo Sonny & Cher were debuting on Atco Records, Sonny Bono arranged a solo deal for Cher on the Imperial label." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Characters of Casualty", "Adolescent sexuality in the United States", "Fringe (TV series)", "List of films considered the worst", "Days Gone Bye (The Walking Dead)", "Stigma management", "All I Really Want to Do (album)" ] }, { "speaker": "1_Apprentice", "text": "Thank you for the suggestion, I will definitely check it out!", "retrieved_passages": [ { "Charles Downing Lay": [ "Charles Downing Lay (September 3, 1877 \u2013 February 15, 1956) was an American landscape architect.", "The son of Oliver Ingraham Lay, a professional painter, and Hester Marian Wait Lay, Charles Downing Lay was born in Newburgh, New York.", "At age 7, Lay began spending summers with his grandmother in Stratford, Connecticut.", "Her house was located at 95 Chapel Street, which is approximately away from the banks of the Housatonic River.", "Lay spent much of his childhood in Stratford fishing, sailing, and swimming and developed a great appreciation for nature.", "The Housatonic, along with the Long Island Sound, would greatly influence the course of Lay's career." ] }, { "Pyro-Magnetics Corporation": [ "Pyro-Magnetics Corporation was a Whitman, Massachusetts based manufacturer of industrial furnaces.", "The business produced a processor for disposing hazardous wastes.", "The product's technical requirements were approved by the Environmental Protection Agency in June 1982.", "In late 1982 the corporation sold its two operating units to pay debts and after the sale few of its employees remained.", "The Pyro-Magnetics Corporation filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy at a federal bankruptcy court in Whitman, in April 1983.", "Prior to this the firm embarked on an unsuccessful attempt to raise cash by developing commercial applications for its high-temperature melting technology." ] }, { "Charles Downing": [ "Charles Downing (died 1845) was a Delegate to the US House of Representatives from the Florida Territory.", "He was born in Virginia, although it is unknown when.", "In his life, Downing studied law, and after being admitted to The Florida Bar, practiced in St. Augustine, Florida.", "Initially a member of the Legislative Council of the Territory of Florida, Downing was elected to the Twenty-fifth United States Congress, and took office on March 4, 1837.", "Two years later, he was re-elected to the Twenty-sixth United States Congress, and his term ended on March 3, 1841.", "Charles Downing died St. Augustine, Florida." ] }, { "Charles Downing (pomologist)": [ "Charles Downing (July 9, 1802\u00a0\u2013 January 18, 1885), was an American pomologist, horticulturist, and author.", "Although not as well known to the public as his brother Andrew Jackson Downing, Charles established a sound reputation for his creative work in pomology.", "Born in Newburgh, New York, his taste for horticultural pursuits was early stimulated by close contact with a nursery owned by his father, Samuel Downing.", "Even while attending an academy in the neighborhood he worked a portion of the time in this nursery.", "Upon the death of his father in 1822, he succeeded to the entire charge of the establishment." ] }, { "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches": [ "The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines." ] }, { "Mobile Orchestra": [ "Mobile Orchestra is the fifth studio album by American electronica project Owl City, which was released on July 10, 2015.", "In 2014, Owl City released an EP called \"Ultraviolet\" and released \"Beautiful Times\" as the lead single.", "Following the release, Young stated his intent to release a steady \"series of EPs\" in 2014 rather than one larger recording.", "On October 7, 2014, Young released two new songs simultaneously, \"You're Not Alone\" (featuring Britt Nicole) and \"Tokyo\" (featuring Sekai no Owari).", "The former would eventually become part of the international edition of the album while the latter would become the fourth track of the Japanese edition." ] }, { "Slash fiction": [ "Slash fiction is a genre of fan fiction that focuses on interpersonal attraction and sexual relationships between fictional characters of the same sex.", "While the term \"slash\" originally only referred to stories where male characters were involved in an explicit sexual relationship as a primary plot element (also known as \"m/m slash\"), it is now used to refer to any fan story containing a pairing between same-sex characters.", "Many fans distinguish female-focused slash as a separate genre, commonly referred to as femslash (also known as \"f/f slash\" or \"femmeslash\").", "These fan written stories are not canon, and the characters are usually not engaged in such relationships in their respective fictional universes." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Charles Downing Lay", "Pyro-Magnetics Corporation", "Charles Downing", "Charles Downing (pomologist)", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches", "Mobile Orchestra", "Slash fiction" ] }, { "speaker": "0_Wizard", "text": "It blends science fiction and paranormal/psychological/MK Ultra type stuff together, but it's science fiction at its core.", "checked_sentence": { "no_passages_used": "no_passages_used" }, "checked_passage": { "no_passages_used": "no_passages_used" }, "retrieved_passages": [ { "Science fiction": [ "Science fiction (often shortened to SF or sci-fi) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life.", "Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a \"literature of ideas\".", "It usually avoids the supernatural, unlike the related genre of fantasy.", "Historically, science-fiction stories have had a grounding in actual science, but now this is only expected of hard science fiction." ] }, { "Visionary fiction": [ "Visionary fiction is a fiction genre with New Age or mind, body, spirit themes and perspectives, including consciousness expansion, spirituality, mysticism, and parapsychology.", "It is sometimes classed as a subtype of speculative fiction.", "Examples include the novels \"The Celestine Prophecy\" \"The Alchemist\", and \"\".", "The Book Industry Study Group's BISAC subject heading FIC039000 is \"FICTION / Visionary & Metaphysical\".", "Although similar themes and content occur in the literature of numerous cultures in many ages, the term \"visionary fiction\" was suggested by Renee Weber, professor of philosophy at Rutgers University, and used by John Algeo in a 1982 article describing recent examples and earlier precursors." ] }, { "History of science fiction": [ "The literary genre of science fiction is diverse, and its exact definition remains a contested question among both scholars and devotees.", "This lack of consensus is reflected in debates about the genre's history, particularly over determining its exact origins.", "There are two broad camps of thought, one that identifies the genre's roots in early fantastical works such as the Sumerian \"Epic of Gilgamesh\" (earliest Sumerian text versions c. 2150\u20132000 BCE).", "A second approach argues that science fiction only became possible sometime between the 17th and early 19th centuries, following the scientific revolution and major discoveries in astronomy, physics, and mathematics." ] }, { "Science fiction film": [ "Science fiction film (or sci-fi film) is a genre that uses speculative, fictional science-based depictions of phenomena that are not fully accepted by mainstream science, such as extraterrestrial lifeforms, alien worlds, extrasensory perception and time travel, along with futuristic elements such as spacecraft, robots, cyborgs, interstellar travel or other technologies.", "Science fiction films have often been used to focus on political or social issues, and to explore philosophical issues like the human condition.", "In many cases, tropes derived from written science fiction may be used by filmmakers ignorant of or at best indifferent to the standards of scientific plausibility and plot logic to which written science fiction is traditionally held." ] }, { "Alien (film)": [ "Alien is a 1979 science fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott, and starring Sigourney Weaver, Tom Skerritt, Veronica Cartwright, Harry Dean Stanton, John Hurt, Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto.", "It is the first movie in what became a large \"Alien\" franchise.", "The film's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and attacks the crew of a spaceship.", "Dan O'Bannon, drawing upon previous works of science fiction and horror, wrote the screenplay from a story he co-authored with Ronald Shusett.", "The film was produced by Gordon Carroll, David Giler and Walter Hill through their company Brandywine Productions, and was distributed by 20th Century Fox." ] }, { "Shadow Man (2006 film)": [ "Shadow Man is a 2006 American thriller film directed by Michael Keusch, and also written and produced by Steven Seagal, who also starred in the film.", "The film co-stars Eva Pope, Imelda Staunton and Garrick Hagon.", "The film was released on direct-to-DVD in the United States on June 6, 2006.", "Widowed former CIA agent Jack Foster (The Shadow Man) is an enigmatic Fortune 500 business owner, and is the father of an 8-year-old daughter named Amanda.", "It's the anniversary of the death of Jack's wife, and Jack is taking Amanda to Romania, which is the birthplace of Amanda's mother, who died 5 years ago.", "But upon arrival at the airport in Bucharest, Romania, a car bomb blows up his CIA agent father-in-law George's limo, and Amanda is kidnapped." ] }, { "LGBT themes in speculative fiction": [ "LGBT themes in speculative fiction refer to the incorporation of lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) themes into science fiction, fantasy, horror fiction and related genres.", "Such elements may include an LGBT character as the protagonist or a major character, or explorations of sexuality or gender that deviate from the hetero-normative.", "Science fiction and fantasy have traditionally been puritanical genres aimed at a male readership, and can be more restricted than non-genre literature by their conventions of characterisation and the effect that these conventions have on depictions of sexuality and gender." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Science fiction", "Visionary fiction", "History of science fiction", "Science fiction film", "Alien (film)", "Shadow Man (2006 film)", "LGBT themes in speculative fiction" ] }, { "speaker": "1_Apprentice", "text": "Always looking for more science fiction to digest!", "retrieved_passages": [ { "History of US science fiction and fantasy magazines to 1950": [ "Science fiction and fantasy magazines began to be published in the US in the 1920s.", "Stories with science fiction themes had been appearing for decades in pulp magazines such as \"Argosy\", but there were no magazines that specialized in a single genre until 1915, when Street & Smith, one of the major pulp publishers, brought out \"Detective Story Magazine\".", "The first magazine to focus solely on fantasy and horror was \"Weird Tales\", which was launched in 1923, and established itself as the leading weird fiction magazine over the next two decades; writers such as H.P.", "Lovecraft, Clark Ashton Smith and Robert E. Howard became regular contributors." ] }, { "Amazing Stories": [ "Amazing Stories is an American science fiction magazine launched in April 1926 by Hugo Gernsback's Experimenter Publishing.", "It was the first magazine devoted solely to science fiction.", "Science fiction stories had made regular appearances in other magazines, including some published by Gernsback, but \"Amazing\" helped define and launch a new genre of pulp fiction.", "\"Amazing\" was published, with some interruptions, for almost eighty years, going through a half-dozen owners and many editors as it struggled to be profitable.", "Gernsback was forced into bankruptcy and lost control of the magazine in 1929, and by 1938 it was purchased by Ziff-Davis, who hired Raymond A. Palmer as editor." ] }, { "Analog Science Fiction and Fact": [ "Analog Science Fiction and Fact is an American science-fiction magazine published under various titles since 1930.", "Originally titled Astounding Stories of Super-Science, the first issue was dated January 1930, published by William Clayton, and edited by Harry Bates.", "Clayton went bankrupt in 1933 and the magazine was sold to Street & Smith.", "The new editor was F. Orlin Tremaine, who soon made \"Astounding\" the leading magazine in the nascent pulp science fiction field, publishing well-regarded stories such as Jack Williamson's \"Legion of Space\" and John W. Campbell's \"Twilight\".", "At the end of 1937, Campbell took over editorial duties under Tremaine's supervision, and the following year Tremaine was let go, giving Campbell more independence." ] }, { "Future Science Fiction and Science Fiction Stories": [ "Future Science Fiction and Science Fiction Stories were two American science fiction magazines that were published under various names between 1939 and 1943 and again from 1950 to 1960.", "Both publications were edited by Charles Hornig for the first few issues; Robert W. Lowndes took over in late 1941, and remained editor until the end.", "The initial launch of the magazines came as part of a boom in science fiction pulp magazine publishing at the end of the 1930s.", "In 1941 the two magazines were combined into one, titled \"Future Fiction combined with Science Fiction\", but in 1943 wartime paper shortages ended the magazine's run, as Louis Silberkleit, the publisher, decided to focus his resources on his mystery and western magazine titles." ] }, { "Science fiction": [ "Science fiction (often shortened to SF or sci-fi) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life.", "Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a \"literature of ideas\".", "It usually avoids the supernatural, unlike the related genre of fantasy.", "Historically, science-fiction stories have had a grounding in actual science, but now this is only expected of hard science fiction." ] }, { "Galaxy Science Fiction": [ "Galaxy Science Fiction was an American digest-size science fiction magazine, published from 1950 to 1980.", "It was founded by a French-Italian company, World Editions, which was looking to break into the American market.", "World Editions hired as editor H. L. Gold, who rapidly made \"Galaxy\" the leading science fiction (sf) magazine of its time, focusing on stories about social issues rather than technology.", "Gold published many notable stories during his tenure, including Ray Bradbury's \"The Fireman\", later expanded as \"Fahrenheit 451\"; Robert A. Heinlein's \"The Puppet Masters\"; and Alfred Bester's \"The Demolished Man\"." ] }, { "Science fiction magazine": [ "A science fiction magazine is a publication that offers primarily science fiction, either in a hard copy periodical format or on the Internet.", "Science fiction magazines traditionally featured speculative fiction in short story, novelette, novella or (usually serialized) novel form, a format that continues into the present day.", "Many also contain editorials, book reviews or articles, and some also include stories in the fantasy and horror genres.", "Malcolm Edwards and Peter Nicholls write that early magazines were not known as science fiction: \"if there were any need to differentiate them, the terms scientific romance or 'different stories' might be used, but until the appearance of a magazine specifically devoted to sf there was no need of a label to describe the category." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "History of US science fiction and fantasy magazines to 1950", "Amazing Stories", "Analog Science Fiction and Fact", "Future Science Fiction and Science Fiction Stories", "Science fiction", "Galaxy Science Fiction", "Science fiction magazine" ] } ], "chosen_topic_passage": [ "Science fiction (often shortened to SF or sci-fi) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life.", "Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a \"literature of ideas\".", "It usually avoids the supernatural, unlike the related genre of fantasy.", "Historically, science-fiction stories have had a grounding in actual science, but now this is only expected of hard science fiction.", "Science fiction is difficult to define, as it includes a wide range of subgenres and themes.", "Hugo Gernsback, who suggested the term \"scientifiction\" for his \"Amazing Stories\" magazine, wrote: \"By 'scientifiction' I mean the Jules Verne, H. G. Wells and Edgar Allan Poe type of story\u2014a charming romance intermingled with scientific fact and prophetic vision... Not only do these amazing tales make tremendously interesting reading\u2014they are always instructive.", "They supply knowledge... in a very palatable form... New adventures pictured for us in the scientifiction of today are not at all impossible of realization tomorrow..." ] }, { "chosen_topic": "Internet access", "persona": "i have high speed internet.", "wizard_eval": 5, "dialog": [ { "speaker": "0_Apprentice", "text": "Can you imagine the world without internet access? ", "retrieved_passages": [ { "Right to Internet access": [ "The right to Internet access, also known as the right to broadband or freedom to connect, is the view that all people must be able to access the Internet in order to exercise and enjoy their rights to freedom of expression and opinion and other fundamental human rights, that states have a responsibility to ensure that Internet access is broadly available, and that states may not unreasonably restrict an individual's access to the Internet.", "In December 2003 the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) was convened under the auspice of the United Nations.", "After lengthy negotiations between governments, businesses and civil society representatives the WSIS Declaration of Principles was adopted reaffirming the importance of the Information Society to maintaining and strengthening human rights: The WSIS Declaration of Principles makes specific reference to the importance of the right to freedom of expression in the \"Information Society\" in stating: A poll of 27,973 adults in 26 countries, including 14,306 Internet users, conducted for the BBC World Service between 30 November 2009 and 7 February 2010 found that almost four in five Internet users and non-users around the world felt that access to the Internet was a fundamental right." ] }, { "Internet censorship and surveillance by country": [ "This list of Internet censorship and surveillance by country provides information on the types and levels of Internet censorship and surveillance that is occurring in countries around the world.", "Detailed country by country information on Internet censorship and surveillance is provided in the \"Freedom on the Net\" reports from Freedom House, by the OpenNet Initiative, by Reporters Without Borders, and in the \"Country Reports on Human Rights Practices\" from the U.S. State Department Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor.", "The ratings produced by several of these organizations are summarized below as well as in the Censorship by country article." ] }, { "Internet access": [ "Internet access is the ability of individuals and organizations to connect to the Internet using computer terminals, computers, and other devices; and to access services such as email and the World Wide Web.", "Various technologies, at a wide range of speeds have been used by Internet service providers (ISPs) to provide this service.", "Internet access was once rare, but has grown rapidly.", "In 1995, only percent of the world's population had access, with well over half of those living in the United States, and consumer use was through dial-up.", "By the first decade of the 21st century, many consumers in developed nations used faster broadband technology, and by 2014, 41 percent of the world's population had access, broadband was almost ubiquitous worldwide, and global average connection speeds exceeded 1 Mbit/s." ] }, { "Digital divide in Canada": [ "The digital divide in Canada refers to the discrepancy that exists between Canadians who have access to information and communication technologies (ICT) and the benefits they provide compared to those who don't.", "This divide can be the result of many factors including high costs for technology and online access, differences in the availability of online connectivity resources in different locations across the country, and lacking digital literacy.", "The digital divide in Canada also stems from income inequality among Canadians and differences in online connectivity practices exhibited by those of different age, gender, first language, and cultural background." ] }, { "Digital divide by country": [ "The digital divide is an economic and social inequality with regard to access to, use of, or impact of information and communication technologies (ICT).", "Factors causing the divide can vary depending on the country and culture, as can the potential solutions for minimizing or closing the divide.", "The following is a list of countries that have a digital divide along with contributing factors and steps the country is taking to resolve the issue.", "The digital divide in Argentina is the term used to describe the technological and connectivity gap between different demographics and regions, specifically the gaps present in the country of Argentina." ] }, { "Albert State School": [ "Albert State School is a heritage-listed state school with war memorial at 210-220 Albert Street, Maryborough, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia.", "It was designed by Robert Ferguson and built in 1883 by George William and Edwin Negus.", "It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 November 2014.", "Albert State School in Maryborough opened in 1883 in a substantial new building designed by architect, Robert Ferguson, in a period when the town was undergoing major expansion and during the establishment of important institutions.", "As Maryborough grew, the school expanded to include other structures and landscape elements." ] }, { "National broadband plan": [ "Broadband is a term normally considered to be synonymous with a high-speed connection to the internet.", "Suitability for certain applications, or technically a certain quality of service, is often assumed.", "For instance, low round trip delay (or \"latency\" in milliseconds) would normally be assumed to be well under 150ms and suitable for Voice over IP, online gaming, financial trading especially arbitrage, virtual private networks and other latency-sensitive applications.", "This would rule out satellite Internet as inherently high-latency.", "In some applications, utility-grade reliability (measured for example in seconds per 30 years outage time as in the PSTN network) or security (say AES-128 as required for smart grid applications in the US) are often also assumed or defined as requirements." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Right to Internet access", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country", "Internet access", "Digital divide in Canada", "Digital divide by country", "Albert State School", "National broadband plan" ] }, { "speaker": "1_Wizard", "text": "No I could not! I couldn't imagine living when internet access was rare and very few people had it!", "checked_sentence": { "chosen_Internet_access_0": "Internet access was once rare, but has grown rapidly." }, "checked_passage": { "chosen_topic_0_Internet_access": "Internet access" }, "retrieved_passages": [ { "Internet access": [ "Internet access is the ability of individuals and organizations to connect to the Internet using computer terminals, computers, and other devices; and to access services such as email and the World Wide Web.", "Various technologies, at a wide range of speeds have been used by Internet service providers (ISPs) to provide this service.", "Internet access was once rare, but has grown rapidly.", "In 1995, only percent of the world's population had access, with well over half of those living in the United States, and consumer use was through dial-up.", "By the first decade of the 21st century, many consumers in developed nations used faster broadband technology, and by 2014, 41 percent of the world's population had access, broadband was almost ubiquitous worldwide, and global average connection speeds exceeded 1 Mbit/s." ] }, { "Internet censorship and surveillance by country": [ "This list of Internet censorship and surveillance by country provides information on the types and levels of Internet censorship and surveillance that is occurring in countries around the world.", "Detailed country by country information on Internet censorship and surveillance is provided in the \"Freedom on the Net\" reports from Freedom House, by the OpenNet Initiative, by Reporters Without Borders, and in the \"Country Reports on Human Rights Practices\" from the U.S. State Department Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor.", "The ratings produced by several of these organizations are summarized below as well as in the Censorship by country article." ] }, { "Digital divide by country": [ "The digital divide is an economic and social inequality with regard to access to, use of, or impact of information and communication technologies (ICT).", "Factors causing the divide can vary depending on the country and culture, as can the potential solutions for minimizing or closing the divide.", "The following is a list of countries that have a digital divide along with contributing factors and steps the country is taking to resolve the issue.", "The digital divide in Argentina is the term used to describe the technological and connectivity gap between different demographics and regions, specifically the gaps present in the country of Argentina." ] }, { "Digital divide in the United States": [ "The digital divide in the United States refers to inequalities between individuals, households, and other groups of different demographic and socioeconomic levels in \"access\" to information and communication technologies (\"ICTs\") and in the \"knowledge and skills\" needed to effectively use the information gained from connecting.", "The global digital divide refers to inequalities in access, knowledge, and skills, but designates countries as the units of analysis and examines the divide between developing and developed countries on an international scale.", "Although the digital divide in American has decreased considerably, there are still certain groups of Americans with limited access." ] }, { "National broadband plan": [ "Broadband is a term normally considered to be synonymous with a high-speed connection to the internet.", "Suitability for certain applications, or technically a certain quality of service, is often assumed.", "For instance, low round trip delay (or \"latency\" in milliseconds) would normally be assumed to be well under 150ms and suitable for Voice over IP, online gaming, financial trading especially arbitrage, virtual private networks and other latency-sensitive applications.", "This would rule out satellite Internet as inherently high-latency.", "In some applications, utility-grade reliability (measured for example in seconds per 30 years outage time as in the PSTN network) or security (say AES-128 as required for smart grid applications in the US) are often also assumed or defined as requirements." ] }, { "Right to Internet access": [ "The right to Internet access, also known as the right to broadband or freedom to connect, is the view that all people must be able to access the Internet in order to exercise and enjoy their rights to freedom of expression and opinion and other fundamental human rights, that states have a responsibility to ensure that Internet access is broadly available, and that states may not unreasonably restrict an individual's access to the Internet.", "In December 2003 the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) was convened under the auspice of the United Nations.", "After lengthy negotiations between governments, businesses and civil society representatives the WSIS Declaration of Principles was adopted reaffirming the importance of the Information Society to maintaining and strengthening human rights: The WSIS Declaration of Principles makes specific reference to the importance of the right to freedom of expression in the \"Information Society\" in stating: A poll of 27,973 adults in 26 countries, including 14,306 Internet users, conducted for the BBC World Service between 30 November 2009 and 7 February 2010 found that almost four in five Internet users and non-users around the world felt that access to the Internet was a fundamental right." ] }, { "Internet": [ "The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide.", "It is a \"network of networks\" that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies.", "The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing.", "The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the United States Federal Government in the 1960s to build robust, fault-tolerant communication via computer networks." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Internet access", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country", "Digital divide by country", "Digital divide in the United States", "National broadband plan", "Right to Internet access", "Internet" ] }, { "speaker": "0_Apprentice", "text": "Oh me either! It seems like such a long time ago. I wonder when Internet was first created?", "retrieved_passages": [ { "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters": [ "The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "\", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "Ryo-Ohki\".", "In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"" ] }, { "List of The Boys characters": [ "The following is a list of fictional characters in the comic book series The Boys, created by Garth Ennis and Darick Robertson.", "The Boys are a CIA black ops team, initially created by Col. Greg Mallory to manage, police, and sometimes liquidate Vought-American's superhumans.", "While this is in part to help protect normal humans from the actions of the largely out of control \"supes,\" this is also to ensure that the company lack the stability or the platform to push the use of superhumans in national defense.", "Over time, however, the team's focus was changed, due to Butcher's increased influence, from one of management and containment to one of direct confrontation." ] }, { "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters": [ "This is a list of characters from the Japanese anime series \"Bakugan Battle Brawlers\".", "Daniel \"Dan\" Kuso (known in the Japanese version as is the main human protagonist in the series, who, is 12 years old in the first season, 15 in New Vestroia, 16 in Gundalian Invaders, and 17 in Mechtanium Surge.", "In the beginning he is ranked #121, and by episode 39, he is ranked #1, and has become ranked #4 or under in episode 6 of Mechtanium Surge.", "In \"New Vestroia\", Dan returns to New Vestroia to help Drago save the world from the invading Vestals.", "Despite having just been introduced to the new Brawling system, Dan manages to get the hang of it before he battles his way into the Resistance by tying with Ace." ] }, { "Long Long Time Ago 2": [ "Long Long Time Ago 2 (; literally \"Our Story 2\") is a 2016 Singaporean period film directed by Jack Neo, the second of a two-part series and the sequel to \"Long Long Time Ago\".", "Continuing from \"Long Long Time Ago\", Zhao Di takes over her family farm with the help of Ah Long after the 1969 floods.", "After the government started reclaiming land for development in 1977, licensed owners like Zhao Di are compensated but her brother accuses her of having an affair with Ah Long to get the money for himself.", "Osman does not approve his son playing in a rock band as he fears the negative influence, causing his son to run away from home." ] }, { "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters": [ "This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\"." ] }, { "List of placeholder names by language": [ "This article is about placeholder names in various languages.", "In Afrikaans, \"dinges\" ('thing'), \"goeters\" ('things'), \"watsenaam\" ('what's its name') are common placeholders.", "A common placeholder name for a semi-mythological place - much the same as Timbuktu - is \"Pofadder\" (a real town).", "A general term for a far away, remote/rural environment is \"Boendoe\".", "\"Van die jaar toet\" (from the year \"tut\") is often used to indicate an unspecified, long time ago.", "Arabic uses \"Fulan\", \"Fulana[h]\" (\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646 / \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0629) and when a last name is needed it becomes \"Fulan AlFulani\", \"Fulana[h] AlFulaniyya[h]\" (\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a / \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)." ] }, { "Nothing Records": [ "Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company\u2014in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases\u2014the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters", "List of The Boys characters", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters", "Long Long Time Ago 2", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters", "List of placeholder names by language", "Nothing Records" ] }, { "speaker": "1_Wizard", "text": "It used to be restricted, but around 1995, the restricted were lifted and commercial use of it began", "checked_sentence": { "chosen_Internet_access_0": "Use by a wider audience only came in 1995 when restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic were lifted." }, "checked_passage": { "self_0_Internet_access": "Internet access" }, "retrieved_passages": [ { "History of the Internet": [ "The history of the Internet begins with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s.", "Initial concepts of wide area networking originated in several computer science laboratories in the United States, United Kingdom, and France.", "The US Department of Defense awarded contracts as early as the 1960s, including for the development of the ARPANET project, directed by Robert Taylor and managed by Lawrence Roberts.", "The first message was sent over the ARPANET in 1969 from computer science Professor Leonard Kleinrock's laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to the second network node at Stanford Research Institute (SRI)." ] }, { "List of smoking bans": [ "This is a list of smoking bans by country.", "Smoking bans are public policies, including criminal laws and occupational safety and health regulations, which prohibit tobacco smoking in workplaces and/or other public spaces.", "Legislation may also, in some cases, restrict the carrying or possessing of any lit tobacco product.", "A law came into effect on 30 May 2007 restricting smoking in closed public areas and outlawing the advertisement of tobacco, although the measure was reportedly poorly enforced in the country until 2013.", "From 2013 law enforcement has been implemented, and smoking is strictly forbidden in closed public areas, including bars, pubs, restaurants etc." ] }, { "Road space rationing": [ "Road space rationing, also known as alternate-day travel, driving restriction, no-drive days, (; ; ) is a travel demand management strategy aimed to reduce the negative externalities generated by urban air pollution or peak urban travel demand in excess of available supply or road capacity, through artificially restricting demand (vehicle travel) by rationing the scarce common good road capacity, especially during the peak periods or during peak pollution events.", "This objective is achieved by restricting traffic access into an urban cordon area, city center (CBD), or district based upon the last digits of the license number on pre-established days and during certain periods, usually, the peak hours." ] }, { "Photography": [ "Photography is the science, art, application and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film.", "Typically, a lens is used to focus the light reflected or emitted from objects into a real image on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a timed exposure.", "With an electronic image sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a digital image file for subsequent display or processing." ] }, { "Aerial photography": [ "Aerial photography is the taking of photographs from an aircraft or other flying object.", "Platforms for aerial photography include fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs or \"drones\"), balloons, blimps and dirigibles, rockets, pigeons, kites, parachutes, stand-alone telescoping and vehicle-mounted poles.", "Mounted cameras may be triggered remotely or automatically; hand-held photographs may be taken by a photographer.", "Aerial photography should not be confused with air-to-air photography, where one or more aircraft are used as chase planes that \"chase\" and photograph other aircraft in flight." ] }, { "Freeware": [ "Freeware is software that is available for use at no monetary cost.", "In other words, while freeware may be used without payment it is most often proprietary software, as usually modification, re-distribution or reverse-engineering without the author's permission is prohibited.", "Two historic examples of freeware include Skype and Adobe Acrobat Reader.", "There is no agreed set of rights or a license or an EULA which would define \"freeware\" unambiguously; every Freeware publisher defines their own rules for their Freeware.", "For instance, redistribution of Freeware by third-parties is often permitted but there is a significant portion of Freeware which prohibits redistribution." ] }, { "Fireworks": [ "Fireworks are a class of low explosive pyrotechnic devices used for aesthetic and entertainment purposes.", "The most common use of a firework is as part of a fireworks display (also called a fireworks show or pyrotechnics), a display of the effects produced by firework devices.", "Fireworks competitions are also regularly held at a number of places.", "Fireworks take many forms to produce the four primary effects: noise, light, smoke, and floating materials (confetti for example).", "They may be designed to burn with colored flames and sparks including red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, and silver." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "History of the Internet", "List of smoking bans", "Road space rationing", "Photography", "Aerial photography", "Freeware", "Fireworks" ] }, { "speaker": "0_Apprentice", "text": "That is awesome. I wonder why it was restricted? Probably because they only wanted government and big companies to use it at first.", "retrieved_passages": [ { "Wonder Woman": [ "Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\"." ] }, { "List of The Awesomes characters": [ "The following is a list of characters from the series \"The Awesomes\".", "Professor Dr. Jeremy \"Prock\" Awesome (voiced by Seth Meyers) - The son of Mr.", "Awesome.", "Jeremy Awesome is the young new leader of the Awesomes.", "Known as Prock (a portmanteau of Professor and Doctor, since Prock has a JD and an MD) he has always wanted to be a superhero like his father, Mr.", "Awesome.", "Prock disappointingly doesn't have any of his father's impressive physical powers: indeed, he is unimposing and injury-prone.", "However, he's the smartest on the team and a natural leader: in a crisis he comes up with excellent plans and assigns jobs to everyone on the team." ] }, { "Mike Awesome": [ "Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 \u2013 February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut." ] }, { "Porter's generic strategies": [ "Porter's generic strategies describe how a company pursues competitive advantage across its chosen market scope.", "There are three/four generic strategies, either lower cost, differentiated, or focus.", "A company chooses to pursue one of two types of competitive advantage, either via lower costs than its competition or by differentiating itself along dimensions valued by customers to command a higher price.", "A company also chooses one of two types of scope, either focus (offering its products to selected segments of the market) or industry-wide, offering its product across many market segments.", "The generic strategy reflects the choices made regarding both the type of competitive advantage and the scope." ] }, { "Oddworld Inhabitants": [ "Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\"." ] }, { "Wonder Woman (2017 film)": [ "Wonder Woman is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.", "It is the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU).", "The film is directed by Patty Jenkins, with a screenplay by Allan Heinberg, from a story by Heinberg, Zack Snyder, and Jason Fuchs, and stars Gal Gadot as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman, alongside Chris Pine, Robin Wright, Danny Huston, David Thewlis, Connie Nielsen, and Elena Anaya.", "\"Wonder Woman\" is the second live action theatrical film featuring the titular character, following her debut in 2016's \"\"." ] }, { "Marvel Cinematic Universe": [ "The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films, independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series, and digital series.", "The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.", "Phil Coulson, portrayed by Clark Gregg, is an original character to the MCU and the only character to appear across all the different media of the MCU." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Wonder Woman", "List of The Awesomes characters", "Mike Awesome", "Porter's generic strategies", "Oddworld Inhabitants", "Wonder Woman (2017 film)", "Marvel Cinematic Universe" ] }, { "speaker": "1_Wizard", "text": "Yes, it was developed from a government funded projects to help with universities research and laboratories in the United States...I am so glad they expanded it! ", "checked_sentence": { "chosen_Internet_access_0": "The Internet developed from the ARPANET, which was funded by the US government to support projects within the government and at universities and research laboratories in the US \u2013 but grew over time to include most of the world's large universities and the research arms of many technology companies." }, "checked_passage": { "none": "Internet access" }, "retrieved_passages": [ { "Natural scientific research in Canada": [ "This article outlines the history of natural scientific research in Canada, including physics, astronomy, space science, geology, oceanography, chemistry, biology, and medical research.", "Neither the social sciences nor the formal sciences are treated here.", "The early European explorers were responsible for charting much of what would become the east and west coasts of Canada as well as the Arctic.", "John Cabot, the Italian explorer sailing under the English flag made two voyages to North America in 1497 and 1498 along the coast of what is now called Newfoundland.", "Gaspar Corte-Real, the Portuguese explorer, is thought to have explored the area along the Newfoundland, Labrador and Greenland coasts in 1500 and 1501." ] }, { "Project Labor Agreement": [ "A Project Labor Agreement (PLA), also known as a Community Workforce Agreement, is a pre-hire collective bargaining agreement with one or more labor organizations that establishes the terms and conditions of employment for a specific construction project.", "Before any workers are hired on the project, construction unions have bargaining rights to determine the wage rates and benefits of all employees working on the particular project and to agree to the provisions of the agreement.", "The terms of the agreement apply to all contractors and subcontractors who successfully bid on the project, and supersedes any existing collective bargaining agreements." ] }, { "Stony Brook University": [ "The State University of New York at Stony Brook (also known as Stony Brook University or SUNY Stony Brook) is a public sea-grant and space-grant research university located in Stony Brook, New York in the United States.", "It is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system.", "The institution was founded in 1957 in Oyster Bay as State University College on Long Island, and would evolve into the present university after a move to Stony Brook in 1962.", "Since its establishment in Stony Brook, the university has expanded to include more than 200 major buildings with a combined area of more than 11 million gross square feet across 1,454 acres of land." ] }, { "Scottish independence referendum, 2014": [ "A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government." ] }, { "Arizona State University": [ "Arizona State University (commonly referred to as ASU or Arizona State) is a public metropolitan research university on five campuses across the Phoenix metropolitan area, and four regional learning centers throughout Arizona.", "The 2018 university ratings by \"U.S. News & World Report\" rank ASU No.", "1 among the Most Innovative Schools in America for the third year in a row and has ranked ASU No.", "115 in National Universities with overall score of 47/100 with 83% of student applications accepted.", "ASU is one of the largest public universities by enrollment in the U.S.", "It had approximately 72,000 students enrolled in fall 2017, including 59,198 undergraduate and 12,630 graduate students." ] }, { "University of Texas at Austin": [ "The University of Texas at Austin (UT, UT Austin, or Texas) is a public research university and the flagship institution of the University of Texas System.", "Founded in 1881, its campus is located in Austin, Texas, approximately 1 mile (1.6\u00a0km) from the Texas State Capitol.", "UT Austin was inducted into the Association of American Universities in 1929, becoming only the third university in the American South to be elected.", "The institution has the nation's eighth-largest single-campus enrollment, with over 50,000 undergraduate and graduate students and over 24,000 faculty and staff.", "A Public Ivy, it is a major center for academic research, with research expenditures exceeding $550 million for the 2014\u20132015 school year." ] }, { "History of the Internet": [ "The history of the Internet begins with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s.", "Initial concepts of wide area networking originated in several computer science laboratories in the United States, United Kingdom, and France.", "The US Department of Defense awarded contracts as early as the 1960s, including for the development of the ARPANET project, directed by Robert Taylor and managed by Lawrence Roberts.", "The first message was sent over the ARPANET in 1969 from computer science Professor Leonard Kleinrock's laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to the second network node at Stanford Research Institute (SRI)." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Natural scientific research in Canada", "Project Labor Agreement", "Stony Brook University", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014", "Arizona State University", "University of Texas at Austin", "History of the Internet" ] }, { "speaker": "0_Apprentice", "text": "I am too, it makes life so much easier!", "retrieved_passages": [ { "List of Bully Beatdown episodes": [ "This is a list of episodes from the MTV show \"Bully Beatdown\".", "\"First aired: 22 March 2009\" The victim for the series premier is named Alan, a man who gets bullied by his bigger younger brother.", "In his tape, Alan explains that Ryan gets away with bullying him because he is the family favorite.", "He also states that in the past Ryan pushed him down a flight of stairs and put his head through a wall.", "Another victim named Nick appears in the tape and accuses Ryan of humiliating him and giving him a scar on the forehead by pushing him down some bleachers.", "Ryan accepts Mayhem's challenge to fight an MMA fighter." ] }, { "California Trail": [ "The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.", "After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming.", "In the present states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs.", "By 1847, two former fur trading frontier forts marked trailheads for major alternative routes through Utah and Wyoming to Northern California." ] }, { "List of Hollyoaks characters (2015)": [ "\"Hollyoaks\" is a British television soap opera that was first broadcast on 23 October 1995.", "The following is a list of characters that appeared in the serial in 2015, by order of first appearance.", "All characters were introduced by executive producer, Bryan Kirkwood.", "The first character to be introduced was Dylan Jenkins (James Fletcher) \u2013 the estranged son of established character Trevor Royle (Greg Wood), who made his first appearance in early January.", "Shortly following, in late January, was the younger sister of Porsche (Twinnie Lee Moore) and Celine McQueen (Sarah George), Cleo (Nadine Rose Mulkerrin)." ] }, { "Bass amplifier": [ "A bass amplifier or \"bass amp\" is a musical instrument electronic device that uses electrical power to make lower-pitched instruments such as the bass guitar or double bass loud enough to be heard by the performers and audience.", "Bass amps typically consist of a preamplifier, tone controls, a power amplifier and one or more loudspeakers (\"drivers\") in a cabinet.", "While bass amps share many features with the guitar amplifiers used for electric guitar, such as providing an amplifier with tone and volume controls and a carrying handle, they are distinct from other types of amplification systems, due to the particular challenges associated with low-frequency sound reproduction." ] }, { "Sumba, Faroe Islands": [ "Sunnb\u00f8ur () is the southernmost village of the Faroe Islands on the island of Su\u00f0uroy.", "It is located in Sumba Municipality.", "The municipality has 353 inhabitants (2012).", "239 of these people are living in Sumba.", "The other villages in the Municipality of Sumba are: Lopra (88 inns.", "), Akrar (26 inns.", "), V\u00edkarbyrgi (0 inns.).", "Sumba is known for several things, e.g.", "its beauty, for the high bird cliff Beinisv\u00f8r\u00f0 and the skills of the local people regarding Faroese chain dance.", "They are very good dancers and have a long tradition for singing long songs along with the chain dance.", "Poul F. Joensen (born 1898 - died 1970) is one of the most famous Farose poets; he was born in Sumba and grew up there." ] }, { "Double bass": [ "The double bass, or simply the bass (and numerous other names), is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra.", "It is a transposing instrument and is typically notated one octave higher than tuned to avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff.", "The double bass is the only modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths (like a viol), rather than fifths, with strings usually tuned to E, A, D and G. The instrument's exact lineage is still a matter of some debate, with scholars divided on whether the bass is derived from the viol or the violin family." ] }, { "Addressing mode": [ "Addressing modes are an aspect of the instruction set architecture in most central processing unit (CPU) designs.", "The various addressing modes that are defined in a given instruction set architecture define how machine language instructions in that architecture identify the operand(s) of each instruction.", "An addressing mode specifies how to calculate the effective memory address of an operand by using information held in registers and/or constants contained within a machine instruction or elsewhere.", "In computer programming, addressing modes are primarily of interest to compiler writers and to those who write in assembly languages." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "List of Bully Beatdown episodes", "California Trail", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2015)", "Bass amplifier", "Sumba, Faroe Islands", "Double bass", "Addressing mode" ] }, { "speaker": "1_Wizard", "text": "What is your favorite thing to do with internet access? I like being able to use my computer and smartphone to use my email and browse the world wide web", "checked_sentence": { "chosen_Internet_access_0": "Internet access is the ability of individuals and organizations to connect to the Internet using computer terminals, computers, and other devices; and to access services such as email and the World Wide Web." }, "checked_passage": { "none": "Internet access" }, "retrieved_passages": [ { "Internet": [ "The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide.", "It is a \"network of networks\" that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies.", "The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing.", "The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the United States Federal Government in the 1960s to build robust, fault-tolerant communication via computer networks." ] }, { "History of the Internet": [ "The history of the Internet begins with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s.", "Initial concepts of wide area networking originated in several computer science laboratories in the United States, United Kingdom, and France.", "The US Department of Defense awarded contracts as early as the 1960s, including for the development of the ARPANET project, directed by Robert Taylor and managed by Lawrence Roberts.", "The first message was sent over the ARPANET in 1969 from computer science Professor Leonard Kleinrock's laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to the second network node at Stanford Research Institute (SRI)." ] }, { "World Wide Web": [ "The World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or the Web) is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet.", "English scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989.", "He wrote the first web browser computer program in 1990 while employed at CERN in Switzerland.", "The Web browser was released outside CERN in 1991, first to other research institutions starting in January 1991 and to the general public on the Internet in August 1991.", "The World Wide Web has been central to the development of the Information Age and is the primary tool billions of people use to interact on the Internet." ] }, { "Digital divide by country": [ "The digital divide is an economic and social inequality with regard to access to, use of, or impact of information and communication technologies (ICT).", "Factors causing the divide can vary depending on the country and culture, as can the potential solutions for minimizing or closing the divide.", "The following is a list of countries that have a digital divide along with contributing factors and steps the country is taking to resolve the issue.", "The digital divide in Argentina is the term used to describe the technological and connectivity gap between different demographics and regions, specifically the gaps present in the country of Argentina." ] }, { "Internet censorship and surveillance by country": [ "This list of Internet censorship and surveillance by country provides information on the types and levels of Internet censorship and surveillance that is occurring in countries around the world.", "Detailed country by country information on Internet censorship and surveillance is provided in the \"Freedom on the Net\" reports from Freedom House, by the OpenNet Initiative, by Reporters Without Borders, and in the \"Country Reports on Human Rights Practices\" from the U.S. State Department Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor.", "The ratings produced by several of these organizations are summarized below as well as in the Censorship by country article." ] }, { "Internet privacy": [ "Internet privacy involves the right or mandate of personal privacy concerning the storing, repurposing, provision to third parties, and displaying of information pertaining to oneself via of the Internet.", "Internet privacy is a subset of data privacy.", "Privacy concerns have been articulated from the beginnings of large scale computer sharing.", "Privacy can entail either \"Personally Identifying Information\" (PII) or non-PII information such as a site visitor's behavior on a website.", "PII refers to any information that can be used to identify an individual.", "For example, age and physical address alone could identify who an individual is without explicitly disclosing their name, as these two factors are unique enough to typically identify a specific person." ] }, { "Internet access": [ "Internet access is the ability of individuals and organizations to connect to the Internet using computer terminals, computers, and other devices; and to access services such as email and the World Wide Web.", "Various technologies, at a wide range of speeds have been used by Internet service providers (ISPs) to provide this service.", "Internet access was once rare, but has grown rapidly.", "In 1995, only percent of the world's population had access, with well over half of those living in the United States, and consumer use was through dial-up.", "By the first decade of the 21st century, many consumers in developed nations used faster broadband technology, and by 2014, 41 percent of the world's population had access, broadband was almost ubiquitous worldwide, and global average connection speeds exceeded 1 Mbit/s." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Internet", "History of the Internet", "World Wide Web", "Digital divide by country", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country", "Internet privacy", "Internet access" ] } ], "chosen_topic_passage": [ "Internet access is the ability of individuals and organizations to connect to the Internet using computer terminals, computers, and other devices; and to access services such as email and the World Wide Web.", "Various technologies, at a wide range of speeds have been used by Internet service providers (ISPs) to provide this service.", "Internet access was once rare, but has grown rapidly.", "In 1995, only percent of the world's population had access, with well over half of those living in the United States, and consumer use was through dial-up.", "By the first decade of the 21st century, many consumers in developed nations used faster broadband technology, and by 2014, 41 percent of the world's population had access, broadband was almost ubiquitous worldwide, and global average connection speeds exceeded 1 Mbit/s.", "The Internet developed from the ARPANET, which was funded by the US government to support projects within the government and at universities and research laboratories in the US \u2013 but grew over time to include most of the world's large universities and the research arms of many technology companies.", "Use by a wider audience only came in 1995 when restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic were lifted." ] }, { "chosen_topic": "Pharmacist", "persona": "i am a pharmacist.", "wizard_eval": 5, "dialog": [ { "speaker": "0_Apprentice", "text": "I am just finishing my university course and I will be a qualified pharmacist. I am so excited about finishing and getting out there into the world of work! Do you work yourself?", "retrieved_passages": [ { "Pharmacy school": [ "The basic requirement for pharmacists to be considered for registration is an undergraduate or postgraduate pharmacy degree from a recognized university.", "In many countries, this involves a four- or five-year course to attain a master of pharmacy degree (MPharm).", "In the United States of America, students graduating after January 1, 2003, must complete a doctor of pharmacy degree to become a licensed pharmacist.", "This same requirement has been coming into place in other countries such as Canada and France.", "The doctor of pharmacy degree requires completion of four years at an accredited college of pharmacy (most students applying for admission into a college of pharmacy already have an undergraduate degree)." ] }, { "Doctor of Pharmacy": [ "A Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.", "; New Latin Pharmaciae Doctor) is a professional doctorate degree in pharmacy.", "In some countries, it is a first professional degree, and a prerequisite for licensing to exercise the profession of pharmacist.", "In Algeria, Doctor of Pharmacy degree replaced the state's diploma of pharmacist in 2011, thus concepts on clinical pharmacy and pharmaceutical care were taught for the first time.", "Currently, Pharm.D is a 6-year course being offered in Ghana which started in the academic year 2012/2013 notably by the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) leading to the award of doctor of pharmacy certificate and a pharmacist license to operate." ] }, { "Pharmacist": [ "Pharmacists, also known as chemists (Commonwealth English) or druggists (North American and, archaically, Commonwealth English), are healthcare professionals who practice in pharmacy, the field of health sciences focusing on safe and effective medication use.", "A pharmacist is a member of the health care team directly involved with patient care.", "Pharmacists undergo university-level education to understand the biochemical mechanisms and actions of drugs, drug uses, therapeutic roles, side effects, potential drug interactions, and monitoring parameters.", "This is mated to anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology." ] }, { "Sebastian Vettel": [ "Sebastian Vettel (; born 3 July 1987) is a German racing driver currently driving in Formula One for Scuderia Ferrari.", "He is a four-time Formula One World Champion, having won the championship in , , and with Red Bull Racing.", "He is regarded by fellow and former drivers as one of the greatest Formula One drivers in the history of the sport.", "Leaving Red Bull for the 2015 season, Vettel initially signed a three-year contract with Ferrari, which was later extended until the end of 2020.", "Vettel started his career in Formula One as a test driver for BMW Sauber and made his debut with the team at the 2007 United States Grand Prix, replacing the injured Robert Kubica." ] }, { "Pharmacy technician": [ "A pharmacy technician is a health care provider who performs pharmacy-related functions, generally working under the direct supervision of a licensed pharmacist.", "Pharmacy technicians work in a variety of locations (usually in community, retail, and hospital pharmacies), but can also work for long-term care facilities, pharmaceutical manufacturers, third-party insurance companies, computer software companies, or in government or teaching.", "Job duties include dispensing prescription drugs and other medical devices to patients and instructing on their use.", "They may also perform administrative duties in pharmaceutical practice, such as reviewing prescription requests with doctor's offices and insurance companies to ensure correct medications are provided and payment is received." ] }, { "Characters of Casualty": [ "\"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "\"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two \u2013 Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) \u2013 have since left the show." ] }, { "Bangalore University Task Force": [ "Bangalore University Task Force on Teacher Education (simply known as BU Task Force) is a high-power committee constituted in May 2012 to inspect the quality and functioning of teacher education colleges under Bangalore University.", "The Task Force, chaired by the University's Academic Council member Mr. H. Karan Kumar, submitted an interim report on the quality & functioning of 7 M.Ed.", "Colleges during August 2012, which was unanimously accepted by the Academic Council in its meeting held on 29 August 2012.", "The Task Force recommended that the admission of students to all the 7 M.Ed.", "colleges be suspended for the academic year 2012 - 13." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Pharmacy school", "Doctor of Pharmacy", "Pharmacist", "Sebastian Vettel", "Pharmacy technician", "Characters of Casualty", "Bangalore University Task Force" ] }, { "speaker": "1_Wizard", "text": "Yes, I perform administrative duties as a pharmacy technician.", "checked_sentence": { "partner_Pharmacy_technician_3": "They may also perform administrative duties in pharmaceutical practice, such as reviewing prescription requests with doctor's offices and insurance companies to ensure correct medications are provided and payment is received." }, "checked_passage": { "partner_4_Pharmacy_technician": "Pharmacy technician" }, "retrieved_passages": [ { "Pharmacy technician": [ "A pharmacy technician is a health care provider who performs pharmacy-related functions, generally working under the direct supervision of a licensed pharmacist.", "Pharmacy technicians work in a variety of locations (usually in community, retail, and hospital pharmacies), but can also work for long-term care facilities, pharmaceutical manufacturers, third-party insurance companies, computer software companies, or in government or teaching.", "Job duties include dispensing prescription drugs and other medical devices to patients and instructing on their use.", "They may also perform administrative duties in pharmaceutical practice, such as reviewing prescription requests with doctor's offices and insurance companies to ensure correct medications are provided and payment is received." ] }, { "Pharmacy": [ "Pharmacy is the science and technique of preparing and dispensing drugs.", "It is a health profession that links health sciences with chemical sciences and aims to ensure the safe and effective use of pharmaceutical drugs.", "The scope of pharmacy practice includes more traditional roles such as compounding and dispensing medications, and it also includes more modern services related to health care, including clinical services, reviewing medications for safety and efficacy, and providing drug information.", "Pharmacists, therefore, are the experts on drug therapy and are the primary health professionals who optimize use of medication for the benefit of the patients." ] }, { "Lahore College of Pharmaceutical Sciences": [ "Lahore College of Pharmaceutical Sciences (LCPS) is very first private institution of pharmacy education in Pakistan which was inspected, recognized and approved by the pharmacy council of Pakistan in 1997.", "The founder of this college is named as Father Of Pharmacy Dr. Naim Anwar Muzaffar.", "This college is \u201cFirst Mover\u201d in private institutions of Pharmacy; this institution is offering different course related to Health Sciences as well as Business Administration.", "loop 9 The combination of highly experienced and foreign qualified faculty with the support and involvement of Pharmaceutical Industry, Health Care Organizations and other Business Industries, \u201cLahore College of Pharmaceutical Sciences\u201d has developed into a modern pharmaceutical and business education institution." ] }, { "Electronics technician (United States Navy)": [ "The United States Navy job rating of Electronics Technician (abbreviated as ET) is a designation given by the Bureau of Naval Personnel (BUPERS) to enlisted members who satisfactorily complete initial Electronics Technician \"A\" school training.", "The Electronics Technician (abbreviated as ET) rating was originally established as Radio Technician (abbreviated as RT) in April 1942 during the height of World War II.", "The story of their training may be found at \"Solving the Naval Radar Crisis\" by Raymond C Watson, Jr. Trafford Publishing 2007 .", "The rating insignia adopted was that of the established Radioman (abbreviated as RM) rating, and remained until October 1945, when the rating name was changed to Electronic Technician's Mate (abbreviated as ETM)." ] }, { "Auxiliary police": [ "Auxiliary police, also called special police, are usually the part-time reserves of a regular police force.", "They may be armed or unarmed.", "They may be unpaid volunteers or paid members of the police service with which they are affiliated.", "In most jurisdictions, auxiliary police officers are empowered to make arrests for crimes that occur in their presence.", "The Australian Federal Police can appoint Special Members who do not have full police powers.", "Special Members are generally recruited locally to perform regulatory and administrative duties, but also perform some community policing duties in location such as Norfolk Island, Christmas Island and Jervis Bay Territory." ] }, { "Pharmacy school": [ "The basic requirement for pharmacists to be considered for registration is an undergraduate or postgraduate pharmacy degree from a recognized university.", "In many countries, this involves a four- or five-year course to attain a master of pharmacy degree (MPharm).", "In the United States of America, students graduating after January 1, 2003, must complete a doctor of pharmacy degree to become a licensed pharmacist.", "This same requirement has been coming into place in other countries such as Canada and France.", "The doctor of pharmacy degree requires completion of four years at an accredited college of pharmacy (most students applying for admission into a college of pharmacy already have an undergraduate degree)." ] }, { "Doctor of Pharmacy": [ "A Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.", "; New Latin Pharmaciae Doctor) is a professional doctorate degree in pharmacy.", "In some countries, it is a first professional degree, and a prerequisite for licensing to exercise the profession of pharmacist.", "In Algeria, Doctor of Pharmacy degree replaced the state's diploma of pharmacist in 2011, thus concepts on clinical pharmacy and pharmaceutical care were taught for the first time.", "Currently, Pharm.D is a 6-year course being offered in Ghana which started in the academic year 2012/2013 notably by the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) leading to the award of doctor of pharmacy certificate and a pharmacist license to operate." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Pharmacy technician", "Pharmacy", "Lahore College of Pharmaceutical Sciences", "Electronics technician (United States Navy)", "Auxiliary police", "Pharmacy school", "Doctor of Pharmacy" ] }, { "speaker": "0_Apprentice", "text": "Fantastic so you know all about the field. I completed my four year course and also two 6 month placements but its not the same until you actually start working. Do you work in a busy pharmacy?", "retrieved_passages": [ { "Bachelor's degree": [ "A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin \"baccalaureus\") or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin \"baccalaureatus\") is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to seven years (depending on institution and academic discipline).", "In some institutions and educational systems, some bachelor's degrees can only be taken as graduate or postgraduate degrees after a first degree has been completed.", "In countries with qualifications frameworks, bachelor's degrees are normally one of the major levels in the framework (sometimes two levels where non-honours and honours bachelor's degrees are considered separately), although some qualifications titled bachelor's degrees may be at other levels (e.g." ] }, { "Medical school": [ "A medical school is a tertiary educational institution \u2014or part of such an institution\u2014 that teaches medicine, and awards a professional degree for physicians and surgeons.", "Such medical degrees include the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, MBChB, BMBS), Doctor of Medicine (MD), or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO).", "Many medical schools offer additional degrees, such as a Doctor of Philosophy, Master's degree, a physician assistant program, or other post-secondary education.", "Medical schools can also carry out medical research and operate teaching hospitals.", "Around the world, criteria, structure, teaching methodology, and nature of medical programs offered at medical schools vary considerably." ] }, { "Pharmacy school": [ "The basic requirement for pharmacists to be considered for registration is an undergraduate or postgraduate pharmacy degree from a recognized university.", "In many countries, this involves a four- or five-year course to attain a master of pharmacy degree (MPharm).", "In the United States of America, students graduating after January 1, 2003, must complete a doctor of pharmacy degree to become a licensed pharmacist.", "This same requirement has been coming into place in other countries such as Canada and France.", "The doctor of pharmacy degree requires completion of four years at an accredited college of pharmacy (most students applying for admission into a college of pharmacy already have an undergraduate degree)." ] }, { "Doctor of Pharmacy": [ "A Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.", "; New Latin Pharmaciae Doctor) is a professional doctorate degree in pharmacy.", "In some countries, it is a first professional degree, and a prerequisite for licensing to exercise the profession of pharmacist.", "In Algeria, Doctor of Pharmacy degree replaced the state's diploma of pharmacist in 2011, thus concepts on clinical pharmacy and pharmaceutical care were taught for the first time.", "Currently, Pharm.D is a 6-year course being offered in Ghana which started in the academic year 2012/2013 notably by the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) leading to the award of doctor of pharmacy certificate and a pharmacist license to operate." ] }, { "Characters of Casualty": [ "\"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "\"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two \u2013 Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) \u2013 have since left the show." ] }, { "Central Philippine University": [ "Central Philippine University (also referred to as Central or CPU) is a private research university in Iloilo City, Philippines.", "Established in 1905 through a grant given by the American business magnate, industrialist and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller under the auspices of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, it is the first Baptist founded and second American university in the Philippines and Asia (after Silliman University (1901) in Dumaguete).", "It initially consisted of two separate schools: the \"Jaro Industrial School\" for boys and the \"Baptist Missionary Training School\" that trains ministers and other Christian workers." ] }, { "Pharmacist": [ "Pharmacists, also known as chemists (Commonwealth English) or druggists (North American and, archaically, Commonwealth English), are healthcare professionals who practice in pharmacy, the field of health sciences focusing on safe and effective medication use.", "A pharmacist is a member of the health care team directly involved with patient care.", "Pharmacists undergo university-level education to understand the biochemical mechanisms and actions of drugs, drug uses, therapeutic roles, side effects, potential drug interactions, and monitoring parameters.", "This is mated to anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Bachelor's degree", "Medical school", "Pharmacy school", "Doctor of Pharmacy", "Characters of Casualty", "Central Philippine University", "Pharmacist" ] }, { "speaker": "1_Wizard", "text": "Yes, I work directly with a lot of patients.", "checked_sentence": { "partner_Pharmacist_1": "A pharmacist is a member of the health care team directly involved with patient care." }, "checked_passage": { "partner_6_Pharmacist": "Pharmacist" }, "retrieved_passages": [ { "California v. Murray": [ "The trial of Conrad Murray (People of the State of California v. Conrad Robert Murray) was the American criminal trial of Michael Jackson's personal physician, Conrad Murray, who was charged with involuntary manslaughter for the pop singer's death on June 25, 2009, from a massive overdose of the general anesthetic propofol.", "The trial, which started on September 27, 2011, was held in the Los Angeles County Superior Court in Los Angeles, California, before Judge Michael Pastor and it was televised.", "The prosecutors in the case (David Walgren and Deborah Brazil, both Los Angeles deputy district attorneys), in their opening statement, told jurors: \"misplaced trust in the hands of Murray cost Jackson his life\"." ] }, { "Yes (band)": [ "Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums." ] }, { "Yes Minister": [ "Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington." ] }, { "Denturist": [ "A Denturist in the United States and Canada, clinical dental technician in the UK or (in Australia) a dental prosthetist, is a member of the oral health care team who provides an oral health examination, takes impressions of the surrounding oral tissues, constructs and delivers removable oral prosthesis (dentures and partial dentures) directly to the patient.", "They differ from prosthodontists, who are qualified specialist dentists for making fixed or removable appliances for patients.", "According to the United States National Denturist Association website, denturists can perform the following functions: 1." ] }, { "Caravaggio": [ "Michelangelo Merisi (Michele Angelo Merigi or Amerighi) da Caravaggio (, ; ; 28 September 1571 \u2013 18 July 1610) was an Italian painter active in Rome, Naples, Malta, and Sicily from the early 1590s to 1610.", "His paintings combine a realistic observation of the human state, both physical and emotional, with a dramatic use of lighting, and they had a formative influence on Baroque painting.", "Caravaggio employed close physical observation with a dramatic use of chiaroscuro that came to be known as tenebrism.", "He made the technique a dominant stylistic element, darkening shadows and transfixing subjects in bright shafts of light." ] }, { "Sam Brownback": [ "Samuel Dale Brownback (born September 12, 1956) is an American lawyer, politician, and diplomat who is the designate to become the United States Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom.", "Brownback previously served as the 46th Governor of Kansas, as a U.S.", "Senator from Kansas, as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, and as the Secretary of Agriculture of Kansas.", "A member of the Republican Party, he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives during the Republican Revolution of 1994, representing Kansas's 2nd congressional district for a single term, before running in a 1996 special election for the U.S. Senate seat previously held by Bob Dole." ] }, { "United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, 2011": [ "The United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, also known as the UK-wide referendum on the Parliamentary voting system was held on Thursday 5 May 2011 (the same date as local elections in many areas) in the United Kingdom (UK) to choose the method of electing MPs at subsequent general elections as part of the Conservative \u2013 Liberal Democrat Coalition Agreement drawn up after the 2010 general election which had resulted in the first hung parliament since February 1974 and also indirectly in the aftermath of the 2009 expenses scandal under the provisions of the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 and was the first national referendum to be held under provisions laid out in the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "California v. Murray", "Yes (band)", "Yes Minister", "Denturist", "Caravaggio", "Sam Brownback", "United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, 2011" ] }, { "speaker": "0_Apprentice", "text": "Your role would be very important with face to face interaction with patients. Especially those who are unwell or very worried about a medical issue", "retrieved_passages": [ { "Face-to-face interaction": [ "Face-to-face interaction (less often, face-to-face communication or face-to-face discourse) is a concept in sociology, linguistics, media and communication studies describing social interaction carried out without any mediating technology.", "Face-to-face interaction is defined as the mutual influence of individuals\u2019 direct physical presence with his/her body language.", "Face-to-face interaction is one of the basic elements of the social system, forming a significant part of individual socialization and experience gaining throughout one's lifetime.", "Similarly it is also central to the development of various groups and organizations composed of those individuals." ] }, { "Characters of Casualty": [ "\"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "\"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two \u2013 Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) \u2013 have since left the show." ] }, { "Self-disclosure": [ "Self-disclosure is a process of communication by which one person reveals information about himself or herself to another.", "The information can be descriptive or evaluative, and can include thoughts, feelings, aspirations, goals, failures, successes, fears, and dreams, as well as one's likes, dislikes, and favorites.", "Social penetration theory posits that there are two dimensions to self-disclosure: breadth and depth.", "Both are crucial in developing a fully intimate relationship.", "The range of topics discussed by two individuals is the breadth of disclosure.", "The degree to which the information revealed is private or personal is the depth of that disclosure." ] }, { "Media richness theory": [ "Media richness theory, sometimes referred to as information richness theory or MRT, is a framework used to describe a communication medium's ability to reproduce the information sent over it.", "It was introduced by Richard L. Daft and Robert H. Lengel in 1986 as an extension of information processing theory.", "MRT is used to rank and evaluate the richness of certain communication media, such as phone calls, video conferencing, and email.", "For example, a phone call cannot reproduce visual social cues such as gestures which makes it a less rich communication media than video conferencing, which affords the transmission of gestures and body language." ] }, { "Virtual team": [ "A virtual team (also known as a geographically dispersed team, distributed team, or remote team) usually refers to a group of individuals who work together from different geographic locations and rely on communication technology such as email, FAX, and video or voice conferencing services in order to collaborate.", "The term can also refer to groups or teams that work together asynchronously or across organizational levels.", "Powell, Piccoli and Ives (2004) define virtual teams as \"groups of geographically, organizationally and/or time dispersed workers brought together by information and telecommunication technologies to accomplish one or more organizational tasks.\"" ] }, { "Networked advocacy": [ "Networked advocacy or net-centric advocacy refers to a specific type of advocacy.", "While networked advocacy has existed for centuries, it has become significantly more efficacious in recent years due in large part to the widespread availability of the internet, mobile telephones, and related communications technologies that enable users to overcome the transaction costs of collective action.", "The study of networked advocacy draws on interdisciplinary sources, including communication theory, political science, and sociology.", "Theories of networked advocacy have been heavily influenced by social movement literature, and refer to the preexisting networks used to create and support collective actions and advocacy as well as the networks that such actions and advocacy create." ] }, { "Erving Goffman": [ "Erving Goffman (11 June 1922\u00a0\u2013 19 November 1982) was a Canadian-American sociologist and writer, considered by some \"the most influential American sociologist of the twentieth century\".", "In 2007 he was listed by \"The Times Higher Education Guide\" as the sixth most-cited author in the humanities and social sciences, behind Anthony Giddens, Pierre Bourdieu and Michel Foucault, and ahead of J\u00fcrgen Habermas.", "Goffman was the 73rd president of the American Sociological Association.", "His best-known contribution to social theory is his study of symbolic interaction.", "This took the form of dramaturgical analysis, beginning with his 1956 book, \"The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life\"." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Face-to-face interaction", "Characters of Casualty", "Self-disclosure", "Media richness theory", "Virtual team", "Networked advocacy", "Erving Goffman" ] }, { "speaker": "1_Wizard", "text": "Yes, it is necessary to develop our organization.", "checked_sentence": { "partner_Face-to-face_interaction_3": "Similarly it is also central to the development of various groups and organizations composed of those individuals." }, "checked_passage": { "partner_0_Facetoface_interaction": "Face-to-face interaction" }, "retrieved_passages": [ { "Yes (band)": [ "Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums." ] }, { "Yes Minister": [ "Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington." ] }, { "Quebec referendum, 1995": [ "The 1995 Quebec referendum was the second referendum to ask voters in the Canadian French-speaking province of Quebec whether Quebec should proclaim national sovereignty and become an independent country, with the condition precedent of offering a political and economic agreement to Canada.", "The culmination of multiple years of debate and planning after the failure of the Meech Lake and Charlottetown constitutional accords, the referendum was launched solely by the provincial Parti Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois government of Jacques Parizeau.", "Despite initial predictions of a heavy sovereignist defeat, an eventful and complex campaign followed, with the \"Yes\" side flourishing after being taken over by charismatic Bloc Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois leader Lucien Bouchard." ] }, { "United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, 2011": [ "The United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, also known as the UK-wide referendum on the Parliamentary voting system was held on Thursday 5 May 2011 (the same date as local elections in many areas) in the United Kingdom (UK) to choose the method of electing MPs at subsequent general elections as part of the Conservative \u2013 Liberal Democrat Coalition Agreement drawn up after the 2010 general election which had resulted in the first hung parliament since February 1974 and also indirectly in the aftermath of the 2009 expenses scandal under the provisions of the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 and was the first national referendum to be held under provisions laid out in the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000." ] }, { "The Yes Men": [ "The Yes Men are a culture jamming activist duo and network of supporters created by Jacques Servin and Igor Vamos.", "Through actions of tactical media, the Yes Men primarily aim to raise awareness about problematic social and political issues.", "To date, the duo have produced three films: \"The Yes Men\" (2003), \"The Yes Men Fix the World\" (2009) and \"The Yes Men Are Revolting\" (2014).", "In these films, they impersonate entities that they dislike, a practice that they call \"identity correction\".", "The Yes Men operate under the mission statement that lies can expose truth.", "They create and maintain fake websites similar to ones they intend to spoof, which have led to numerous interview, conference, and TV talk show invitations." ] }, { "Say Yes to Education": [ "Say Yes to Education, Inc. (Say Yes) is a U.S. non-profit organization that seeks to improve inner-city education.", "The main focus of Say Yes is to increase high school and college graduation rates by offering a range of support services to at-risk, economically disadvantaged youths and families, and by pledging full scholarships for a college or vocational education to children living in poverty.", "Say Yes is organized around local chapters and operates in the northeastern U.S.", "The organization also partners with other groups to provide services to disadvantaged students and their families.", "Businessman and philanthropist George A. Weiss founded Say Yes to Education, Inc. in 1987, initially making a promise to 112 sixth graders at Belmont Elementary School in Philadelphia that he would cover the expenses of their college tuition if they graduated from high school." ] }, { "Scottish independence referendum, 2014": [ "A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Yes (band)", "Yes Minister", "Quebec referendum, 1995", "United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, 2011", "The Yes Men", "Say Yes to Education", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014" ] }, { "speaker": "0_Apprentice", "text": "I think that pharmacists, pharmacy technicians and all pharmacy staff are very important in society today. Society is moving towards more pharmacy care for minor ailments rather than GP. Would you agree?", "retrieved_passages": [ { "Pharmacy technician": [ "A pharmacy technician is a health care provider who performs pharmacy-related functions, generally working under the direct supervision of a licensed pharmacist.", "Pharmacy technicians work in a variety of locations (usually in community, retail, and hospital pharmacies), but can also work for long-term care facilities, pharmaceutical manufacturers, third-party insurance companies, computer software companies, or in government or teaching.", "Job duties include dispensing prescription drugs and other medical devices to patients and instructing on their use.", "They may also perform administrative duties in pharmaceutical practice, such as reviewing prescription requests with doctor's offices and insurance companies to ensure correct medications are provided and payment is received." ] }, { "Pharmacy": [ "Pharmacy is the science and technique of preparing and dispensing drugs.", "It is a health profession that links health sciences with chemical sciences and aims to ensure the safe and effective use of pharmaceutical drugs.", "The scope of pharmacy practice includes more traditional roles such as compounding and dispensing medications, and it also includes more modern services related to health care, including clinical services, reviewing medications for safety and efficacy, and providing drug information.", "Pharmacists, therefore, are the experts on drug therapy and are the primary health professionals who optimize use of medication for the benefit of the patients." ] }, { "Telepharmacy": [ "Telepharmacy is the delivery of pharmaceutical care via telecommunications to patients in locations where they may not have direct contact with a pharmacist.", "It is an instance of the wider phenomenon of telemedicine, as implemented in the field of pharmacy.", "Telepharmacy services include drug therapy monitoring, patient counseling, prior authorization and refill authorization for prescription drugs, and monitoring of formulary compliance with the aid of teleconferencing or videoconferencing.", "Remote dispensing of medications by automated packaging and labeling systems can also be thought of as an instance of telepharmacy." ] }, { "Pharmacist": [ "Pharmacists, also known as chemists (Commonwealth English) or druggists (North American and, archaically, Commonwealth English), are healthcare professionals who practice in pharmacy, the field of health sciences focusing on safe and effective medication use.", "A pharmacist is a member of the health care team directly involved with patient care.", "Pharmacists undergo university-level education to understand the biochemical mechanisms and actions of drugs, drug uses, therapeutic roles, side effects, potential drug interactions, and monitoring parameters.", "This is mated to anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology." ] }, { "Pharmacy school": [ "The basic requirement for pharmacists to be considered for registration is an undergraduate or postgraduate pharmacy degree from a recognized university.", "In many countries, this involves a four- or five-year course to attain a master of pharmacy degree (MPharm).", "In the United States of America, students graduating after January 1, 2003, must complete a doctor of pharmacy degree to become a licensed pharmacist.", "This same requirement has been coming into place in other countries such as Canada and France.", "The doctor of pharmacy degree requires completion of four years at an accredited college of pharmacy (most students applying for admission into a college of pharmacy already have an undergraduate degree)." ] }, { "Doctor of Pharmacy": [ "A Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.", "; New Latin Pharmaciae Doctor) is a professional doctorate degree in pharmacy.", "In some countries, it is a first professional degree, and a prerequisite for licensing to exercise the profession of pharmacist.", "In Algeria, Doctor of Pharmacy degree replaced the state's diploma of pharmacist in 2011, thus concepts on clinical pharmacy and pharmaceutical care were taught for the first time.", "Currently, Pharm.D is a 6-year course being offered in Ghana which started in the academic year 2012/2013 notably by the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) leading to the award of doctor of pharmacy certificate and a pharmacist license to operate." ] }, { "Intercom Plus": [ "IntercomPlus is the Walgreen Company's proprietary pharmacy computer system.", "It was founded as Intercom in 1981, and was the first large scale retail pharmacy computer system .", "It relies on VSAT satellite access and/or broadband connections to link the over 8,000 Walgreens retail, mail service, and specialty pharmacies.", "Through its usage, Intercom made Walgreens the largest private user of satellite transmission data in the world, second only to the U.S. Government .", "The design of the system enables seamless store-to-store prescription filling, making filling a refill at a location other than where it was filled originally essentially no different from filling it again at the original location." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Pharmacy technician", "Pharmacy", "Telepharmacy", "Pharmacist", "Pharmacy school", "Doctor of Pharmacy", "Intercom Plus" ] }, { "speaker": "1_Wizard", "text": "Yes, without the monitoring tasks we do, while checking for side effects, there would be chaos.", "checked_sentence": { "partner_Pharmacist_2": "Pharmacists undergo university-level education to understand the biochemical mechanisms and actions of drugs, drug uses, therapeutic roles, side effects, potential drug interactions, and monitoring parameters." }, "checked_passage": { "partner_3_Pharmacist": "Pharmacist" }, "retrieved_passages": [ { "Obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder": [ "Obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder where people feel the need to check things repeatedly, perform certain routines repeatedly (called \"rituals\"), or have certain thoughts repeatedly.", "People are unable to control either the thoughts or the activities for more than a short period of time.", "Common activities include hand washing, counting of things, and checking to see if a door is locked.", "Some may have difficulty throwing things out.", "These activities occur to such a degree that the person's daily life is negatively affected.", "Often they take up more than an hour a day.", "Most adults realize that the behaviors do not make sense." ] }, { "Automation bias": [ "Automation bias is the propensity for humans to favor suggestions from automated decision-making systems and to ignore contradictory information made without automation, even if it is correct.", "This problem has come under increasing scrutiny as decision making in such critical contexts as intensive care units, nuclear power plants, and aircraft cockpits have increasingly involved computerized system monitors and decision aids.", "Errors of automation bias tend to occur when decision-making involves a degree of dependence on computers or other automated aids and the human element is largely confined to monitoring the tasks underway." ] }, { "Icinga": [ "Icinga is an open source computer system and network monitoring application.", "It was originally created as a fork of the Nagios system monitoring application in 2009.", "Icinga is attempting to get past perceived short-comings in Nagios' development process, as well as adding new features such as a modern Web 2.0 style user interface, additional database connectors (for MySQL, Oracle, and PostgreSQL), and a REST API that lets administrators integrate numerous extensions without complicated modification of the Icinga core.", "The Icinga developers also seek to reflect community needs more closely and to integrate patches more quickly." ] }, { "Aceh Monitoring Mission": [ "The Aceh Monitoring Mission (AMM) was established by the European Union after the \"Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Free Ache Movement\" was signed on 15 August 2005 in Helsinki, Finland.", "The AMM is one of many missions under the EU's Common Security and Defence Policy.", "The Aceh Monitoring Mission, led by Mr Pieter Feith from the EU, was established to monitor the implementation of various aspects of the peace agreement set out in the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed in August 2005.", "The European Union, together with five contributing countries from ASEAN (Thailand, Malaysia, Brunei, Philippines and Singapore), Norway and Switzerland, provided monitors for the peace process in Aceh (Indonesia)." ] }, { "Functional programming": [ "In computer science, functional programming is a programming paradigm\u2014a style of building the structure and elements of computer programs\u2014that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids changing-state and mutable data.", "It is a declarative programming paradigm, which means programming is done with expressions or declarations instead of statements.", "In functional code, the output value of a function depends only on the arguments that are passed to the function, so calling a function \"f\" twice with the same value for an argument \"x\" produces the same result \"f(x)\" each time; this is in contrast to procedures depending on a local or global state, which may produce different results at different times when called with the same arguments but a different program state." ] }, { "Bicalutamide": [ "Bicalutamide, sold under the brand name Casodex among others, is an antiandrogen medication that is primarily used to treat prostate cancer.", "It is typically used together with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue or surgical removal of the testicles to treat advanced prostate cancer.", "Bicalutamide may also be used to treat excessive hair growth in women, as a component of feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women, to treat early puberty in boys, and to prevent overly long-lasting erections in men.", "It is taken by mouth.", "Common side effects in men include breast enlargement, breast tenderness, and hot flashes." ] }, { "Vigilance (psychology)": [ "In modern psychology, vigilance, also termed sustained concentration, is defined as the ability to maintain concentrated attention over prolonged periods of time.", "During this time, the person attempts to detect the appearance of a particular target stimulus.", "The individual watches for a signal stimulus that may occur at an unknown time.", "The study of vigilance has expanded since the 1940s mainly due to the increased interaction of people with machines for applications involving monitoring and detection of rare events and weak signals.", "Such applications include air traffic control, inspection and quality control, automated navigation, military and border surveillance, and lifeguarding." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder", "Automation bias", "Icinga", "Aceh Monitoring Mission", "Functional programming", "Bicalutamide", "Vigilance (psychology)" ] }, { "speaker": "0_Apprentice", "text": "I agree. It has been great talking with an experienced worker in the field I am trained in. Just cant wait to get my first job. I will be mentored first for a year which will be great. ", "retrieved_passages": [ { "List of Warriors characters": [ "The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "Each cat has a prefix.", "Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan." ] }, { "Characters of Casualty": [ "\"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "\"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two \u2013 Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) \u2013 have since left the show." ] }, { "James Cant Ranch Historic District": [ "The James Cant Ranch is a pioneer ranch complex in Grant County in eastern Oregon, United States.", "The ranch is located on both sides of the John Day River in the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument.", "The ranch was originally homesteaded by Floyd Officer in 1890.", "Officer sold the property to James Cant in 1910.", "Cant increased the size of the property and built a modern ranch complex on the west bank of the river.", "The National Park Service bought the ranch from the Cant family in 1975, and incorporated the property into the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument.", "The National Park Service used the main house as a visitor center until 2003." ] }, { "List of EastEnders characters (2014)": [ "The following are characters who first appeared, or returned, in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" during 2014 listed by order of first appearance.", "All new characters in 2014 were introduced by Dominic Treadwell-Collins, executive producer.", "Nancy Carter arrived in January with her fianc\u00e9, Wayne Ladlow, Stan Carter, Babe Smith and new market inspector, Aleks Shirovs.", "February saw Stacey Branning return with her daughter Lily and also her new boyfriend, Luke Riley, followed by Tosh Mackintosh.", "On 10 March, Charlie Cotton and on 4 April, Lee Carter.", "Donna Yates, a new market stallholder and Pam Coker, Les Coker's wife, both arrived on 14 April." ] }, { "South African labour law": [ "South African labour law regulates the relationship between employers, employees and trade unions in the Republic of South Africa.", "The Native Labour Regulations Act 1911 prohibited strikes by trade unions, introduced wage ceilings and a pass system for moving around jobs.", "Over 70,000 Chinese labourers were brought in, and used by landowners to undercut the wages of other workers.", "Among white workers, there was significant unrest, and major strikes took place in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 For a period of sixteen years, from 1979 to 1995, several critical developments occurred in the field of labour law in South Africa, beginning with a radical change in the first of these years, when a significant Commission of Enquiry was held, resulting in the establishment of an Industrial Court, which was given extensive powers to mould, change, shape and develop the law." ] }, { "Track geometry": [ "Track geometry is three-dimensional geometry of track layouts and associated measurements used in design, construction and maintenance of railroad tracks.", "The subject is used in the context of standards, speed limits and other regulations in the areas of track gauge, alignment, elevation, curvature and track surface.", "Although, the geometry of the tracks is three-dimensional by nature, the standards are usually expressed in two separate layouts for horizontal and vertical.", "Horizontal layout is the track layout on the horizontal plane.", "This can be thought of as the plan view which is a view of a 3-dimensional track from the position above the track." ] }, { "List of EastEnders characters (2017)": [ "The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" in 2017, by order of first appearance.", "All characters are introduced by the show's executive producer Sean O'Connor or, from 27 November, his successor as executive consultant, John Yorke.", "The first character to be introduced was Keegan Baker (Zack Morris), a friend of Shakil Kazemi (Shaheen Jafargholi), followed by Emerald Fox (Do\u00f1a Croll), the mother of Denise Fox (Diane Parish) and Kim Fox-Hubbard (Tameka Empson).", "Madison Drake (Seraphina Beh), Alexandra D'Costa (Sydney Craven) and Travis Law-Hughes (Alex James-Phelps), three new teenage characters, were also introduced in January as well as their school teacher Mr Gethin Pryce (Cerith Flinn) and Hugo Browning (Simon Williams), the chairman of Weyland & Co." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "List of Warriors characters", "Characters of Casualty", "James Cant Ranch Historic District", "List of EastEnders characters (2014)", "South African labour law", "Track geometry", "List of EastEnders characters (2017)" ] }, { "speaker": "1_Wizard", "text": "I agree, just wait till you get your master of pharmacy, you won't need to be mentored anymore.", "checked_sentence": { "chosen_Pharmacist_0": "Among other licensing requirements, different countries require pharmacists to hold either a Bachelor of Pharmacy, Master of Pharmacy, or Doctor of Pharmacy degree." }, "checked_passage": { "chosen_topic_0_Pharmacist": "Pharmacist" }, "retrieved_passages": [ { "List of Warriors characters": [ "The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "Each cat has a prefix.", "Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan." ] }, { "Nandini (TV series)": [ "Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo." ] }, { "Characters of Casualty": [ "\"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "\"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two \u2013 Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) \u2013 have since left the show." ] }, { "The Biggest Loser (season 16)": [ "The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of \"The Biggest Loser\" which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC.", "Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show.", "There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom.", "This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists.", "The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "This season was also the last for host Alison Sweeney to focus on other projects." ] }, { "Doctor of Pharmacy": [ "A Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.", "; New Latin Pharmaciae Doctor) is a professional doctorate degree in pharmacy.", "In some countries, it is a first professional degree, and a prerequisite for licensing to exercise the profession of pharmacist.", "In Algeria, Doctor of Pharmacy degree replaced the state's diploma of pharmacist in 2011, thus concepts on clinical pharmacy and pharmaceutical care were taught for the first time.", "Currently, Pharm.D is a 6-year course being offered in Ghana which started in the academic year 2012/2013 notably by the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) leading to the award of doctor of pharmacy certificate and a pharmacist license to operate." ] }, { "Pharmacy school": [ "The basic requirement for pharmacists to be considered for registration is an undergraduate or postgraduate pharmacy degree from a recognized university.", "In many countries, this involves a four- or five-year course to attain a master of pharmacy degree (MPharm).", "In the United States of America, students graduating after January 1, 2003, must complete a doctor of pharmacy degree to become a licensed pharmacist.", "This same requirement has been coming into place in other countries such as Canada and France.", "The doctor of pharmacy degree requires completion of four years at an accredited college of pharmacy (most students applying for admission into a college of pharmacy already have an undergraduate degree)." ] }, { "Bangalore University Task Force": [ "Bangalore University Task Force on Teacher Education (simply known as BU Task Force) is a high-power committee constituted in May 2012 to inspect the quality and functioning of teacher education colleges under Bangalore University.", "The Task Force, chaired by the University's Academic Council member Mr. H. Karan Kumar, submitted an interim report on the quality & functioning of 7 M.Ed.", "Colleges during August 2012, which was unanimously accepted by the Academic Council in its meeting held on 29 August 2012.", "The Task Force recommended that the admission of students to all the 7 M.Ed.", "colleges be suspended for the academic year 2012 - 13." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "List of Warriors characters", "Nandini (TV series)", "Characters of Casualty", "The Biggest Loser (season 16)", "Doctor of Pharmacy", "Pharmacy school", "Bangalore University Task Force" ] } ], "chosen_topic_passage": [ "Pharmacists, also known as chemists (Commonwealth English) or druggists (North American and, archaically, Commonwealth English), are healthcare professionals who practice in pharmacy, the field of health sciences focusing on safe and effective medication use.", "A pharmacist is a member of the health care team directly involved with patient care.", "Pharmacists undergo university-level education to understand the biochemical mechanisms and actions of drugs, drug uses, therapeutic roles, side effects, potential drug interactions, and monitoring parameters.", "This is mated to anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology.", "Pharmacists interpret and communicate this specialized knowledge to patients, physicians, and other health care providers.", "Among other licensing requirements, different countries require pharmacists to hold either a Bachelor of Pharmacy, Master of Pharmacy, or Doctor of Pharmacy degree.", "The most common pharmacist positions are that of a \"community pharmacist\" (also referred to as a \"retail pharmacist\", \"first-line pharmacist\" or \"dispensing chemist\"), or a \"hospital pharmacist\", where they instruct and counsel on the proper use and adverse effects of medically prescribed drugs and medicines." ] }, { "chosen_topic": "Homebrewing", "persona": "i brew my own beer.", "wizard_eval": 5, "dialog": [ { "speaker": "0_Apprentice", "text": "I have homebrewed before. Beer can be fun to craft.", "retrieved_passages": [ { "Beer": [ "Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea.", "Beer is brewed from cereal grains\u2014most commonly from malted barley, though wheat, maize (corn), and rice are also used.", "During the brewing process, fermentation of the starch sugars in the wort produces ethanol and carbonation in the resulting beer.", "Most modern beer is brewed with hops, which add bitterness and other flavours and act as a natural preservative and stabilizing agent.", "Other flavouring agents such as gruit, herbs, or fruits may be included or used instead of hops." ] }, { "Beer in Canada": [ "Beer in Canada was introduced by European settlers in the seventeenth century.", "The first commercial brewery was La Brasseries due Roy [sic] started by New France Intendant Jean Talon, in Qu\u00e9bec City in 1668.", "Many commercial brewers thrived until Prohibition in Canada.", "The provincial and federal governments' attempt to eliminate \"intoxicating\" beverages led to the closing of nearly three quarters of breweries between 1878 and 1928.", "It was only in the second half of the twentieth century that a significant number of new breweries opened up.", "The Canadian Beer industry now plays an important role in Canadian identity, though globalization of the brewing industry has seen the major players in Canada acquired by, or merged with, foreign companies, notably its three largest beer producers, Labatt, Molson and Sleeman." ] }, { "Microbrewery": [ "A microbrewery or craft brewery is a brewery that produces small amounts of beer (or sometimes root beer), typically much smaller than large-scale corporate breweries, and is independently owned.", "Such breweries are generally characterized by their emphasis on quality, flavour and brewing technique.", "The microbrewing movement began in the United Kingdom in the 1970s although traditional artisanal brewing existed in Europe for centuries and subsequently spread to other countries.", "As the movement grew and some breweries expanded their production and distribution, the more encompassing concept of craft brewing emerged." ] }, { "Beer in England": [ "Beer in England has been brewed for hundreds of years.", "As a beer brewing country, England is known for its top fermented cask beer (also called real ale) which finishes maturing in the cellar of the pub rather than at the brewery and is served with only natural carbonation.", "English beer styles include bitter, mild, brown ale and old ale.", "Stout, porter and India Pale Ale were also originally brewed in London.", "Lager style beer has increased considerably in popularity since the mid 20th century.", "Other modern developments include consolidation of large brewers into multinational corporations; growth of beer consumerism; expansion of microbreweries and increased interest in bottle conditioned beers." ] }, { "Beer in the United States": [ "Beer in the United States is manufactured by more than 3,000 breweries, which range in size from industry giants to brew pubs and microbreweries.", "The United States produced 196 million barrels () of beer in 2012, and consumes roughly of beer per capita annually.", "In 2011, the United States was ranked fifteenth in the world in per capita consumption, while total consumption was second only to China.", "Although beer was a part of colonial life in the United States, the passing of the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1919 resulted in the prohibition of alcoholic beverage sales, forcing nearly all American breweries to close or switch to producing non-alcoholic products." ] }, { "Fred Eckhardt": [ "Otto Fredrick \"Fred\" Eckhardt (May 10, 1926 \u2013 August 10, 2015) was an American brewer, homebrewing advocate, and writer.", "Eckhardt is best remembered as a pioneer in the field of beer journalism, publishing a series of articles and books on the topic, including the seminal 1989 tome, \"The Essentials of Beer Style.\"", "At the time of his death in 2015, Eckhardt was memorialized as \"the Dean of American beer writers.\"", "Otto Fredrick Eckhardt, known to family and friends as \"Fred,\" was born May 10, 1926.", "He grew up in the town of Everett, Washington.", "Eckhardt was first exposed to the homebrewing of beer by his father, who produced his own low quality beverage during the years of Prohibition in the United States." ] }, { "GABS Hottest 100 Aussie Craft Beers of the Year": [ "The GABS 'Hottest 100 Aussie Craft Beers of the Year' poll began as a bit of fun in January 2008 at The Local Taphouse beer bars in Melbourne and Sydney, the home of the very first GABS beer festival in 2011.", "Staff and customers voted for their favourite five Australian craft beers of the year and the resultant list of 100 beers was jokingly called the \"hottest 100 Aussie craft beers of the year\" after the famous Triple J Hottest 100 songs annual poll.", "Now supported by beer publications Crafty Pint and Australian Brews News, the annual beer poll attracts thousands of beer fans around the country who vote for their favourite Australian craft beers each year." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Beer", "Beer in Canada", "Microbrewery", "Beer in England", "Beer in the United States", "Fred Eckhardt", "GABS Hottest 100 Aussie Craft Beers of the Year" ] }, { "speaker": "1_Wizard", "text": "basically homebrewing is personal small scale beer production", "checked_sentence": { "chosen_Homebrewing_0": "Homebrewing is the brewing of beer on a small scale for personal, non-commercial purposes." }, "checked_passage": { "chosen_topic_0_Homebrewing": "Homebrewing" }, "retrieved_passages": [ { "Homebrewing": [ "Homebrewing is the brewing of beer on a small scale for personal, non-commercial purposes.", "Beer has been brewed on the domestic level since its advent, thousands of years prior to its commercial production, although its legality has varied according to local regulation.", "Beer has been brewed domestically throughout its 7,000-year history, beginning in the Neolithic period in Mesopotamia (modern Iraq), Egypt and China.", "It seems to have first developed as thick beers; during this time meads, fruit wines and rice wines were also developed.", "Women brewers dominated alcohol production on every occupied continent until commercialization and industrialization of brewing occurred." ] }, { "Microbrewery": [ "A microbrewery or craft brewery is a brewery that produces small amounts of beer (or sometimes root beer), typically much smaller than large-scale corporate breweries, and is independently owned.", "Such breweries are generally characterized by their emphasis on quality, flavour and brewing technique.", "The microbrewing movement began in the United Kingdom in the 1970s although traditional artisanal brewing existed in Europe for centuries and subsequently spread to other countries.", "As the movement grew and some breweries expanded their production and distribution, the more encompassing concept of craft brewing emerged." ] }, { "Beer in the United States": [ "Beer in the United States is manufactured by more than 3,000 breweries, which range in size from industry giants to brew pubs and microbreweries.", "The United States produced 196 million barrels () of beer in 2012, and consumes roughly of beer per capita annually.", "In 2011, the United States was ranked fifteenth in the world in per capita consumption, while total consumption was second only to China.", "Although beer was a part of colonial life in the United States, the passing of the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1919 resulted in the prohibition of alcoholic beverage sales, forcing nearly all American breweries to close or switch to producing non-alcoholic products." ] }, { "Beer": [ "Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea.", "Beer is brewed from cereal grains\u2014most commonly from malted barley, though wheat, maize (corn), and rice are also used.", "During the brewing process, fermentation of the starch sugars in the wort produces ethanol and carbonation in the resulting beer.", "Most modern beer is brewed with hops, which add bitterness and other flavours and act as a natural preservative and stabilizing agent.", "Other flavouring agents such as gruit, herbs, or fruits may be included or used instead of hops." ] }, { "Grodziskie": [ "Grodziskie (; other names: Gr\u00e4tzer, Grodzisz) is a historical style of beer from Poland that is typically made from oak-smoked wheat malt.", "The beer can be described as having a clear, light golden color, high carbonation, low alcohol content, low to moderate levels of hop bitterness, and a strong smoke flavor and aroma.", "The taste is light and crisp, with primary flavors coming from the smoked malt, the high mineral content of the water, and the strain of yeast used to ferment the beverage.", "The beer was nicknamed \"Polish Champagne\" because of its high carbonation levels, and because it was valued as a high-quality beverage to be used for special occasions." ] }, { "Pearl Brewing Company": [ "The Pearl Brewing Company (also known as the Pearl Brewery or just Pearl) was an American brewery, established in 1883 in Downtown San Antonio, Texas, USA.", "In 1985, Pearl's parent company purchased the Pabst Brewing Company and assumed the Pabst name.", "In 1999, the Pabst Brewing Company began transferring its production to Miller Brewing, on a contract basis, and closing all of its breweries.", "Pearl beer is still in production at Miller's Ft. Worth, Texas facility, but the Pearl Brewery in San Antonio was closed in 2001.", "Since then, the former brewery was purchased by Silver Ventures, Inc., which has made the property the crown jewel in revitalization efforts of southern Midtown and northern Downtown San Antonio." ] }, { "History of beer": [ "Beer is one of the oldest beverages humans have produced, dating back to at least the 5th millennium BC in Iran, and was recorded in the written history of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia and spread throughout the world.", "As almost any cereal containing certain sugars can undergo spontaneous fermentation due to wild yeasts in the air, it is possible that beer-like beverages were independently developed throughout the world soon after a tribe or culture had domesticated cereal.", "Chemical tests of ancient pottery jars reveal that beer was produced as far back as about 7,000 years ago in what is today Iran." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Homebrewing", "Microbrewery", "Beer in the United States", "Beer", "Grodziskie", "Pearl Brewing Company", "History of beer" ] }, { "speaker": "0_Apprentice", "text": "Yes, that is correct. And it can be used to make some really cool concoctions.", "retrieved_passages": [ { "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters": [ "\"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "(Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge." ] }, { "Vanilla ice cream": [ "Vanilla is frequently used to flavor ice cream, especially in North America and Europe.", "Vanilla ice cream, like other flavors of ice cream, was originally created by cooling a mixture made of cream, sugar, and vanilla above a container of ice and salt.", "The type of vanilla used to flavor ice cream varies by location.", "In North America, consumers are interested in a more prominent, smoky flavor, while in France, they want a more anise-like flavor.", "To create the smooth consistency of ice cream, the mixture has to be stirred occasionally and then returned to the container of ice and salt to continue the solidification process." ] }, { "Paul Farbrace": [ "Paul Farbrace (born 7 July 1967) is a former English professional cricketer, and, as of 2017, is assistant coach to the England cricket team.", "Farbrace, nicknamed \"Farbie\", was a wicket-keeper and right-handed batsman who represented Kent County Cricket Club and Middlesex County Cricket Club, playing in 40 first-class cricket matches and 28 List A cricket matches.", "He enjoyed considerable success as head coach of the Sri Lankan Cricket Team, winning the ICC World Twenty20 2014 and Asia Cup 2014.", "Farbrace played for Kent between 1987 and 1989 and for Middlesex from 1990 to 1995.", "His peak season in county cricket was 1991, when he played 20 first-class matches, made 54 dismissals, but he only averaged 14.81 with the bat." ] }, { "My Ruin": [ "My Ruin is an American Los Angeles-based alternative metal band, composed of the husband and wife duo Tairrie B and Mick Murphy.", "The band has been through various line-up changes since its formation in 1999.", "Its fanbase is mostly in the UK.", "Its sound consists of passionate vocals set against heavy rock beats.", "Vocalist Tairrie B Murphy has cultivated a reputation both on and off the stage for her aggressive performances and acerbic vocal style.", "Over the decade since the band's formation, the sound has evolved and become heavier with each record, with Mick Murphy\u2019s guitar playing becoming a prominent feature along with his solos and riffs." ] }, { "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album)": [ "Metamorphosis is the second studio album by American singer Hilary Duff.", "The album was released on August 26, 2003 by Hollywood Records as a follow up to her holiday album, \"Santa Claus Lane\" (2002).", "According to Duff, the album incorporates elements of pop and rock music, and it represents changes that are specific to her life and that everyone experiences.", "Duff worked with several producers on the album such as The Matrix who worked with Latin Pop Singer, Myra, also signed to Hollywood Records prior.", "Others who collaborated on the album include Chico Bennett, Matthew Gerrard, John Shanks, and his frequent writing partner Kara DioGuardi." ] }, { "What to Do When You Are Dead": [ "What to Do When You Are Dead is the second studio album by American rock band Armor for Sleep.", "Following the completion of two songs written from the perspective of being dead, vocalist/guitarist Ben Jorgensen created a whole story from this perspective.", "\"What to Do When You Are Dead\" is a concept album, with each song telling the story of the protagonist's suicide as well as his journey through the afterlife.", "Recording took place between August and October 2004 with producer Machine.", "A rough mix of \"Car Underwater\" was made available in November, followed by two US tours in February 2005.", "\"What to Do When You Are Dead\" was released on February 22 through independent label Equal Vision Records." ] }, { "Nothing Records": [ "Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company\u2014in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases\u2014the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters", "Vanilla ice cream", "Paul Farbrace", "My Ruin", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album)", "What to Do When You Are Dead", "Nothing Records" ] }, { "speaker": "1_Wizard", "text": "beer has been brewed by home brewers even prior to commercial production", "checked_sentence": { "chosen_Homebrewing_0": "Beer has been brewed on the domestic level since its advent, thousands of years prior to its commercial production, although its legality has varied according to local regulation." }, "checked_passage": { "chosen_topic_0_Homebrewing": "Homebrewing" }, "retrieved_passages": [ { "Beer in Canada": [ "Beer in Canada was introduced by European settlers in the seventeenth century.", "The first commercial brewery was La Brasseries due Roy [sic] started by New France Intendant Jean Talon, in Qu\u00e9bec City in 1668.", "Many commercial brewers thrived until Prohibition in Canada.", "The provincial and federal governments' attempt to eliminate \"intoxicating\" beverages led to the closing of nearly three quarters of breweries between 1878 and 1928.", "It was only in the second half of the twentieth century that a significant number of new breweries opened up.", "The Canadian Beer industry now plays an important role in Canadian identity, though globalization of the brewing industry has seen the major players in Canada acquired by, or merged with, foreign companies, notably its three largest beer producers, Labatt, Molson and Sleeman." ] }, { "Beer in England": [ "Beer in England has been brewed for hundreds of years.", "As a beer brewing country, England is known for its top fermented cask beer (also called real ale) which finishes maturing in the cellar of the pub rather than at the brewery and is served with only natural carbonation.", "English beer styles include bitter, mild, brown ale and old ale.", "Stout, porter and India Pale Ale were also originally brewed in London.", "Lager style beer has increased considerably in popularity since the mid 20th century.", "Other modern developments include consolidation of large brewers into multinational corporations; growth of beer consumerism; expansion of microbreweries and increased interest in bottle conditioned beers." ] }, { "History of beer": [ "Beer is one of the oldest beverages humans have produced, dating back to at least the 5th millennium BC in Iran, and was recorded in the written history of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia and spread throughout the world.", "As almost any cereal containing certain sugars can undergo spontaneous fermentation due to wild yeasts in the air, it is possible that beer-like beverages were independently developed throughout the world soon after a tribe or culture had domesticated cereal.", "Chemical tests of ancient pottery jars reveal that beer was produced as far back as about 7,000 years ago in what is today Iran." ] }, { "Microbrewery": [ "A microbrewery or craft brewery is a brewery that produces small amounts of beer (or sometimes root beer), typically much smaller than large-scale corporate breweries, and is independently owned.", "Such breweries are generally characterized by their emphasis on quality, flavour and brewing technique.", "The microbrewing movement began in the United Kingdom in the 1970s although traditional artisanal brewing existed in Europe for centuries and subsequently spread to other countries.", "As the movement grew and some breweries expanded their production and distribution, the more encompassing concept of craft brewing emerged." ] }, { "Beer": [ "Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea.", "Beer is brewed from cereal grains\u2014most commonly from malted barley, though wheat, maize (corn), and rice are also used.", "During the brewing process, fermentation of the starch sugars in the wort produces ethanol and carbonation in the resulting beer.", "Most modern beer is brewed with hops, which add bitterness and other flavours and act as a natural preservative and stabilizing agent.", "Other flavouring agents such as gruit, herbs, or fruits may be included or used instead of hops." ] }, { "Beer in Belgium": [ "Beer in Belgium varies from pale lager via the amber of special and lambic beer, red of Flemish red, to black of Scotch and Stout beers.", "There are approximately 180 breweries in the country, ranging from international giants to microbreweries.", "In 2016, UNESCO inscribed Belgian beer culture on their list of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity, noting that: beer culture in Belgium combines know-how concerning nature, social practices and craft skills that constitute an integral part of daily and festive life.", "Regularly shared between practitioners, knowledge and skills are transmitted from masters to apprentices in breweries but also within families, in public spaces and through formal education." ] }, { "Beer in Australia": [ "Beer arrived in Australia at the beginning of British colonisation.", "In 2004 Australia was ranked fourth internationally in per capita beer consumption, at around 110 litres per year; although, the nation ranked considerably lower in a World Health Organization report of alcohol consumption per capita of 12.2 litres.", "The most popular beer style in modern Australia is lager.", "The oldest brewery still in operation is the Cascade Brewery, established in Tasmania in 1824.", "The largest Australian-owned brewery is the family-owned Coopers Brewery, as the other two major breweries Foster's Group and Lion Nathan are owned by the South African SABMiller and the Japanese Kirin Brewing Company, respectively." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Beer in Canada", "Beer in England", "History of beer", "Microbrewery", "Beer", "Beer in Belgium", "Beer in Australia" ] }, { "speaker": "0_Apprentice", "text": "Home brewers have been around for centuries if not thousands of years.", "retrieved_passages": [ { "History of professional baseball in Milwaukee": [ "The following is a history of professional baseball in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, including its current team, the Brewers.", "Milwaukee was an early prospect for professional baseball, with several brief experiments at the major league level but mostly in the minor leagues.", "The longest-lasting minor league club was the Milwaukee Brewers, who played in the American Association from 1902 through 1952.", "The nicknames of these teams were initially assigned by the media rather than the teams themselves.", "Some were known as the \"Creams\" or \"Cream Citys\" after the distinctive brick which gave Milwaukee its nickname, others were known as the \"Brewers\", in reference to one of the city's chief industries." ] }, { "Cornelius keg": [ "A cornelius keg (also known as a Corney or soda keg) is a stainless steel canister (keg) originally used as containers by the soft drink industry.", "They can be used to store and dispense homemade sodas and home brewed beer.", "Cornelius kegs were originally made by Cornelius, Inc.", "In the keg, fully made soda is stored under pressure just like standard cans and bottles.", "The soda is referred to as \"pre-mix\" in the industry, as compared to Bag-In-Box (BIB) packages which are concentrated syrup.", "BIB soda is cheaper but requires a high quality water source and well calibrated dispenser.", "Pre-mix soda costs more and takes up more space, but can be used anywhere, and the equipment is simpler and cheaper." ] }, { "Ballast Point Brewing Company": [ "Ballast Point Brewing Company is an American brewery founded in 1996 by Jack White in San Diego, California.", "Ballast Point Brewing Co. started in the back of Home Brew Mart, a homebrew supply store White founded in 1992.", "As of 2015, it was the second largest brewer in San Diego County and the 17th largest brewery in the country based on sales volume.", "The company's main production facility is in Miramar.", "It also has brewery locations in San Diego's Little Italy and Scripps Ranch neighborhoods, as well as its original Home Brew Mart location in San Diego's Linda Vista neighborhood..", "In 2017, Ballast Point opened its first East Coast brewing facility in Daleville, Virginia, near Roanoke." ] }, { "Mikkeller": [ "Mikkeller is a microbrewery founded in 2006 in Copenhagen, Denmark that is based on the so-called \"cuckoo\", \"phantom\" or \"gypsy\" ethos; that is, the company does not operate an official brewery and, instead, collaborates with other brewers to produce their recipes or experimental one-off brews.", "The brewery was founded by two home brewers: Mikkel Borg Bjergs\u00f8, a high school teacher, and journalist Kristian Klarup Keller.", "Both sought to introduce their home-brewed beer to the public and to \"challenge beer friends with intense new tastes\", drawing inspiration from the American breweries that \"aren't afraid to play and break all the rules\"." ] }, { "Ryan Braun": [ "Ryan Joseph Braun (born November 17, 1983) is an American baseball left fielder for the Milwaukee Brewers of Major League Baseball (MLB).", "While currently the starting left fielder for the Brewers, Braun has also played right field during his career and was also a third baseman during his rookie season.", "Braun was a two-time All-American at the University of Miami, where he was named \"National Freshman of the Year\" by \"Baseball America\" in 2003.", "The Brewers drafted him in the first round (fifth overall) in the 2005 MLB draft.", "He was the team's Minor League Player of the Year in 2006.", "Braun is considered a five-tool player for his ability to hit for power and average, his baserunning speed, and his excellent fielding and arm strength." ] }, { "2007 Milwaukee Brewers season": [ "The 2007 Milwaukee Brewers season marked the 25th anniversary of the Milwaukee Brewers winning the American League Championship and the 50th anniversary of the Milwaukee Braves winning the World Series.", "During the offseason, the Brewers re-signed free agents Bill Hall and Chris Capuano.", "The Brewers were also able to sign starting pitcher Jeff Suppan, second-baseman Craig Counsell, and third baseman Tony Graffanino from free agency.", "The Brewers finished in second place in the National League Central with a record of 83-79.", "The Brewers headed into the season celebrating their 25th anniversary of their American League Championship." ] }, { "Charlie Papazian": [ "Charles N. \"Charlie\" Papazian (born January 23 ca.", "1950) is an American nuclear engineer, brewer and author.", "He founded the Association of Brewers and the Great American Beer Festival, and wrote \"The Complete Joy of Home Brewing\" (1984).", "He is the longtime former president (1979-2016) of the Brewers Association.", "He is also the creator of the National Pie Day, a celebration of pies which is celebrated on January 23, Papazian's birthday.", "Papazian, an American of Armenian descent attended the University of Virginia, graduating in 1972 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Nuclear Engineering.", "He lives in the Boulder, Colorado area with his wife Sandra." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "History of professional baseball in Milwaukee", "Cornelius keg", "Ballast Point Brewing Company", "Mikkeller", "Ryan Braun", "2007 Milwaukee Brewers season", "Charlie Papazian" ] }, { "speaker": "1_Wizard", "text": "when people first started they made thick beers, then fruit and rice wines", "checked_sentence": { "chosen_Homebrewing_0": "It seems to have first developed as thick beers; during this time meads, fruit wines and rice wines were also developed." }, "checked_passage": { "chosen_topic_0_Homebrewing": "Homebrewing" }, "retrieved_passages": [ { "Korean cuisine": [ "Korean cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change.", "Originating from ancient agricultural and nomadic traditions in the Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria, Korean cuisine has evolved through a complex interaction of the natural environment and different cultural trends.", "Korean cuisine is largely based on rice, vegetables, and meats.", "Traditional Korean meals are noted for the number of side dishes (\ubc18\ucc2c; \"banchan\") that accompany steam-cooked short-grain rice.", "Kimchi is served at nearly every meal.", "Commonly used ingredients include sesame oil, \"doenjang\" (fermented bean paste), soy sauce, salt, garlic, ginger, pepper flakes, \"gochujang\" (fermented red chili paste) and napa cabbage." ] }, { "Homebrewing": [ "Homebrewing is the brewing of beer on a small scale for personal, non-commercial purposes.", "Beer has been brewed on the domestic level since its advent, thousands of years prior to its commercial production, although its legality has varied according to local regulation.", "Beer has been brewed domestically throughout its 7,000-year history, beginning in the Neolithic period in Mesopotamia (modern Iraq), Egypt and China.", "It seems to have first developed as thick beers; during this time meads, fruit wines and rice wines were also developed.", "Women brewers dominated alcohol production on every occupied continent until commercialization and industrialization of brewing occurred." ] }, { "Korean alcoholic beverages": [ "Korean culture has a wide variety of traditional alcoholic beverages, called sul ().", "Most of these beverages end with the Sino-Korean word \"ju\" (), while some alcoholic beverages end with the native Korean word \"sul\"; the Sino-Korean \"ju\" is not used as an independent noun.", "It is said that there are over 1,000 different kinds of alcoholic beverages in Korea.", "Most Korean alcohols are made from glutinous and non-glutinous rice and are fermented with the aid of yeast and nuruk (a wheat-based source of the enzyme amylase).", "Fruits, flowers, herbs and other natural ingredients have also been used to craft traditional Korean alcoholic beverages." ] }, { "Italian cuisine": [ "Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States." ] }, { "Cabernet Sauvignon": [ "Cabernet Sauvignon () is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties.", "It is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from Canada's Okanagan Valley to Lebanon's Beqaa Valley.", "Cabernet Sauvignon became internationally recognized through its prominence in Bordeaux wines where it is often blended with Merlot and Cabernet Franc.", "From France, the grape spread across Europe and to the New World where it found new homes in places like California's Santa Cruz Mountains, Napa Valley, New Zealand's Hawkes Bay, Australia's Margaret River and Coonawarra regions, and Chile's Maipo Valley and Colchagua." ] }, { "Israeli cuisine": [ "The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra\u2019eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel." ] }, { "Beer in Belgium": [ "Beer in Belgium varies from pale lager via the amber of special and lambic beer, red of Flemish red, to black of Scotch and Stout beers.", "There are approximately 180 breweries in the country, ranging from international giants to microbreweries.", "In 2016, UNESCO inscribed Belgian beer culture on their list of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity, noting that: beer culture in Belgium combines know-how concerning nature, social practices and craft skills that constitute an integral part of daily and festive life.", "Regularly shared between practitioners, knowledge and skills are transmitted from masters to apprentices in breweries but also within families, in public spaces and through formal education." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Korean cuisine", "Homebrewing", "Korean alcoholic beverages", "Italian cuisine", "Cabernet Sauvignon", "Israeli cuisine", "Beer in Belgium" ] }, { "speaker": "0_Apprentice", "text": "That's interest. Rice is also very versatile.", "retrieved_passages": [ { "Rice": [ "Rice is the seed of the grass species \"Oryza sativa\" (Asian rice) or \"Oryza glaberrima\" (African rice).", "As a cereal grain, it is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in Asia.", "It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production (rice, 741.5 million tonnes in 2014), after sugarcane (1.9 billion tonnes) and maize (1.0 billion tonnes).", "Since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important grain with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans." ] }, { "HMS Versatile (D32)": [ "HMS \"Versatile\" (D32) was an Admiralty V-class destroyer of the British Royal Navy that saw service in World War I, the Russian Civil War, and World War II.", "\"Versatile\", the first Royal Navy ship of the name, was ordered on 30 June 1916 as part of the 9th Order of the 1916\u201317 Naval Programme.", "She was laid down on 31 January 1917 by Hawthorn Leslie and Company at Tyneside, England, and launched on 31 October 1917.", "She was completed on 11 February 1918 and commissioned into service the same day.", "Her original pennant number, F29, was later changed to G10 and became D32 during the interwar period.", "All V- and W-class destroyers, \"Versatile\" among them, were assigned to the Grand Fleet or Harwich Force." ] }, { "Condoleezza Rice": [ "Condoleezza \"Condi\" Rice (; born November 14, 1954) is an American political scientist and diplomat.", "She served as the 66th United States Secretary of State, the second person to hold that office in the administration of President George W. Bush.", "Rice was the first female African-American Secretary of State, as well as the second African-American Secretary of State (after Colin Powell), and the second female Secretary of State (after Madeleine Albright).", "Rice was President Bush's National Security Advisor during his first term, making her the first woman to serve in that position.", "Rice was born in Birmingham, Alabama, and grew up while the South was racially segregated." ] }, { "Malaysian cuisine": [ "Malaysian cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices found in Malaysia, and reflects the multiethnic makeup of its population.", "The vast majority of Malaysia's population can roughly be divided among three major ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese and Indians.", "The remainder consists of the indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia, the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia, the Peranakan and Eurasian creole communities, as well as a significant number of foreign workers and expatriates.", "As a result of historical migrations, colonisation by foreign powers, and its geographical position within its wider home region, Malaysia's culinary style in the present day is primarily a melange of traditions from its Malay, Chinese, Indian, Indonesian and ethnic Bornean citizens, with heavy to light influences from Thai, Portuguese, Dutch, and British cuisines, to name a few." ] }, { "Indian cuisine": [ "Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies." ] }, { "Rice University": [ "Rice University, officially William Marsh Rice University, is a private research university located on a 295-acre campus in Houston, Texas, United States.", "The university is situated near the Houston Museum District and is adjacent to the Texas Medical Center.", "Rice is generally considered the foremost university and the most selective institution of higher education in the state of Texas.", "Opened in 1912 after the murder of its namesake William Marsh Rice, Rice is now a research university with an undergraduate focus.", "Its emphasis on education is demonstrated by a small student body and 6:1 student-faculty ratio, and it has been nationally recognized as a leading university for undergraduate teaching." ] }, { "Rice cooker": [ "A rice cooker or rice steamer is an automated kitchen appliance designed to boil or steam rice.", "It consists of a heat source, a cooking bowl, and a thermostat.", "The thermostat measures the temperature of the cooking bowl and controls the heat.", "Complex rice cookers may have many more sensors and other components, and may be multipurpose.", "The term rice cooker formerly applied to non-automated dedicated rice-cooking utensils, which have an ancient history (a ceramic rice steamer dated to 1250 BC is on display in the British Museum).", "It now applies mostly to automated cookers.", "Electric rice cookers were developed in Japan, where they are known as pressure cookers ." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Rice", "HMS Versatile (D32)", "Condoleezza Rice", "Malaysian cuisine", "Indian cuisine", "Rice University", "Rice cooker" ] }, { "speaker": "1_Wizard", "text": "woman were the main home brewers before beer was even commercialized", "checked_sentence": { "chosen_Homebrewing_0": "Women brewers dominated alcohol production on every occupied continent until commercialization and industrialization of brewing occurred." }, "checked_passage": { "chosen_topic_0_Homebrewing": "Homebrewing" }, "retrieved_passages": [ { "History of professional baseball in Milwaukee": [ "The following is a history of professional baseball in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, including its current team, the Brewers.", "Milwaukee was an early prospect for professional baseball, with several brief experiments at the major league level but mostly in the minor leagues.", "The longest-lasting minor league club was the Milwaukee Brewers, who played in the American Association from 1902 through 1952.", "The nicknames of these teams were initially assigned by the media rather than the teams themselves.", "Some were known as the \"Creams\" or \"Cream Citys\" after the distinctive brick which gave Milwaukee its nickname, others were known as the \"Brewers\", in reference to one of the city's chief industries." ] }, { "Beer in England": [ "Beer in England has been brewed for hundreds of years.", "As a beer brewing country, England is known for its top fermented cask beer (also called real ale) which finishes maturing in the cellar of the pub rather than at the brewery and is served with only natural carbonation.", "English beer styles include bitter, mild, brown ale and old ale.", "Stout, porter and India Pale Ale were also originally brewed in London.", "Lager style beer has increased considerably in popularity since the mid 20th century.", "Other modern developments include consolidation of large brewers into multinational corporations; growth of beer consumerism; expansion of microbreweries and increased interest in bottle conditioned beers." ] }, { "Beer in Canada": [ "Beer in Canada was introduced by European settlers in the seventeenth century.", "The first commercial brewery was La Brasseries due Roy [sic] started by New France Intendant Jean Talon, in Qu\u00e9bec City in 1668.", "Many commercial brewers thrived until Prohibition in Canada.", "The provincial and federal governments' attempt to eliminate \"intoxicating\" beverages led to the closing of nearly three quarters of breweries between 1878 and 1928.", "It was only in the second half of the twentieth century that a significant number of new breweries opened up.", "The Canadian Beer industry now plays an important role in Canadian identity, though globalization of the brewing industry has seen the major players in Canada acquired by, or merged with, foreign companies, notably its three largest beer producers, Labatt, Molson and Sleeman." ] }, { "Ballast Point Brewing Company": [ "Ballast Point Brewing Company is an American brewery founded in 1996 by Jack White in San Diego, California.", "Ballast Point Brewing Co. started in the back of Home Brew Mart, a homebrew supply store White founded in 1992.", "As of 2015, it was the second largest brewer in San Diego County and the 17th largest brewery in the country based on sales volume.", "The company's main production facility is in Miramar.", "It also has brewery locations in San Diego's Little Italy and Scripps Ranch neighborhoods, as well as its original Home Brew Mart location in San Diego's Linda Vista neighborhood..", "In 2017, Ballast Point opened its first East Coast brewing facility in Daleville, Virginia, near Roanoke." ] }, { "Mikkeller": [ "Mikkeller is a microbrewery founded in 2006 in Copenhagen, Denmark that is based on the so-called \"cuckoo\", \"phantom\" or \"gypsy\" ethos; that is, the company does not operate an official brewery and, instead, collaborates with other brewers to produce their recipes or experimental one-off brews.", "The brewery was founded by two home brewers: Mikkel Borg Bjergs\u00f8, a high school teacher, and journalist Kristian Klarup Keller.", "Both sought to introduce their home-brewed beer to the public and to \"challenge beer friends with intense new tastes\", drawing inspiration from the American breweries that \"aren't afraid to play and break all the rules\"." ] }, { "Cornelius keg": [ "A cornelius keg (also known as a Corney or soda keg) is a stainless steel canister (keg) originally used as containers by the soft drink industry.", "They can be used to store and dispense homemade sodas and home brewed beer.", "Cornelius kegs were originally made by Cornelius, Inc.", "In the keg, fully made soda is stored under pressure just like standard cans and bottles.", "The soda is referred to as \"pre-mix\" in the industry, as compared to Bag-In-Box (BIB) packages which are concentrated syrup.", "BIB soda is cheaper but requires a high quality water source and well calibrated dispenser.", "Pre-mix soda costs more and takes up more space, but can be used anywhere, and the equipment is simpler and cheaper." ] }, { "The Beer Store": [ "Brewers Retail Inc. (doing business as The Beer Store), is a Canadian privately owned chain of retail outlets selling beer and other malt beverages in the province of Ontario, Canada, founded in 1927.", "Owned at its inception by a consortium of Ontario-based brewers, it currently operates as a unique open retail and wholesale system jointly owned by 30 Ontario-based brewers.", "Under this ownership model, all qualified brewers are free to list their products without discrimination and set their own selling prices.", "These prices are subject only to basic LCBO price approval which must comply with legislated minimum and uniform pricing requirements." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "History of professional baseball in Milwaukee", "Beer in England", "Beer in Canada", "Ballast Point Brewing Company", "Mikkeller", "Cornelius keg", "The Beer Store" ] }, { "speaker": "0_Apprentice", "text": "I did not know that. I bet they made some great beer.", "retrieved_passages": [ { "List of breweries in Montana": [ "Breweries in Montana produce a wide range of beers in different styles that are marketed locally, regionally, and nationally.", "Brewing companies vary widely in the volume and variety of beer produced, from small nanobreweries and microbreweries to massive multinational conglomerate macrobreweries.", "In 2012 Montana's 38 brewing establishments (including breweries, brewpubs, importers, and company-owned packagers and wholesalers) employed 220 people directly, and more than 4,700 others in related jobs such as wholesaling and retailing.", "As of August 2016, there are 68 breweries in operation in the state of Montana." ] }, { "Microbrewery": [ "A microbrewery or craft brewery is a brewery that produces small amounts of beer (or sometimes root beer), typically much smaller than large-scale corporate breweries, and is independently owned.", "Such breweries are generally characterized by their emphasis on quality, flavour and brewing technique.", "The microbrewing movement began in the United Kingdom in the 1970s although traditional artisanal brewing existed in Europe for centuries and subsequently spread to other countries.", "As the movement grew and some breweries expanded their production and distribution, the more encompassing concept of craft brewing emerged." ] }, { "Craps": [ "Craps is a dice game in which the players make wagers on the outcome of the roll, or a series of rolls, of a pair of dice.", "Players may wager money against each other (playing \"street craps\", also known as \"shooting dice,\" \"rolling bones,\" or any combination thereof) or a bank (playing \"casino craps\", also known as \"table craps\", or often just \"craps\").", "Because it requires little equipment, \"street craps\" can be played in informal settings.", "Craps developed from a simplification of the early English game of \"hazard\".", "Its origins are complex and may date to the Crusades, later being influenced by French gamblers." ] }, { "Pabst Brewing Company": [ "The Pabst Brewing Company () is an American company that dates its origins to a brewing company founded in 1844 by Jacob Best and was, by 1889, named after Frederick Pabst.", "It is currently a holding company which contracts the brewing of over two dozen brands of beer and malt liquor: these include its own flagship Pabst Blue Ribbon, as well as brands from now defunct breweries including P. Ballantine and Sons Brewing Company, G. Heileman Brewing Company, Lone Star Brewing Company, Pearl Brewing Company, Piels Bros., Valentin Blatz Brewing Company, National Brewing Company, Olympia Brewing Company, Falstaff Brewing Corporation, Primo Brewing & Malting Company, Rainier Brewing Company, F & M Schaefer Brewing Company, Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company, Jacob Schmidt Brewing Company and Stroh Brewery Company." ] }, { "Dock Street Brewing Company": [ "Dock Street Brewing Company is a brewery in the Cedar Park neighborhood of Philadelphia, USA.", "It claims to be the first craft brewing company based in the Philadelphia area following Prohibition and one of the first in the country.", "The name Dock Street was chosen in honor of the seaport district of the same name in Philadelphia which was the largest producer of beer in the then-newly formed country in the late 1700s.", "Dock Street was created in 1985 as a bottled beer operation based in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania.", "It was founded by photographer Rosemarie Certo and her husband Jeffrey Ware, a Philadelphia restaurateur." ] }, { "Beer in Slovakia": [ "Beer in Slovakia () has been produced and consumed at least since the 15th century.", "Together with the neighbouring Czech Republic, with whom it has a shared and intertwined history, Slovakia has a number of breweries and a rich beer culture.", "Brews in Slovakia usually range between 3.8 and 5.0% alcohol content, and are traditionally classified by their density, or specific gravity using the Plato scale.", "This is the amount of dissolved solids before fermentation, and tells roughly how much fermentable material (usually malted barley) was used and hints at what the alcohol content might be.", "Common measurements of 10\u00b0 or 12\u00b0 would be equivalent to 1040 or 1048 in the English \"original gravity\" scale." ] }, { "Christian Moerlein Brewing Co.": [ "Christian Moerlein Brewing Co. is a private beer company that began production in 1853 in Cincinnati, Ohio by German immigrant Christian Moerlein.", "Before closing its doors in 1919 as result of prohibition, Christian Moerlein was among the ten largest American breweries by volume.", "In 1981, the brand was revived by the Hudepohl Brewing Company as a \"better beer\" a precursor to the current craft beer category and is considered a pioneer craft beer of today's craft beer movement.", "In 1999, Hudepohl-Schoenling Brewing Co. sold out to a group of out-of-town owners, a sale that included the famed Christian Moerlein craft beer brand." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "List of breweries in Montana", "Microbrewery", "Craps", "Pabst Brewing Company", "Dock Street Brewing Company", "Beer in Slovakia", "Christian Moerlein Brewing Co." ] }, { "speaker": "1_Wizard", "text": "the reason women did it mostly because it was considered a part of baking", "checked_sentence": { "chosen_Homebrewing_0": "The tradition of brewing being in the domain of women stemmed from the fact that brewing was a by-product of gathering, and often considered a part of baking." }, "checked_passage": { "chosen_topic_0_Homebrewing": "Homebrewing" }, "retrieved_passages": [ { "Baking powder": [ "Baking powder is a dry chemical leavening agent, a mixture of a carbonate or bicarbonate and a weak acid and is used for increasing the volume and lightening the texture of baked goods.", "Baking powder works by releasing carbon dioxide gas into a batter or dough through an acid-base reaction, causing bubbles in the wet mixture to expand and thus leavening the mixture.", "Baking powder is used instead of yeast for end-products where fermentation flavors would be undesirable or where the batter lacks the elastic structure to hold gas bubbles for more than a few minutes, or to speed the production.", "Because carbon dioxide is released at a faster rate through the acid-base reaction than through fermentation, breads made by chemical leavening are called quick breads." ] }, { "Baking": [ "Baking is a method of cooking food that uses prolonged dry heat, normally in an oven, but also in hot ashes, or on hot stones.", "The most common baked item is bread but many other types of foods are baked.", "Heat is gradually transferred \"from the surface of cakes, cookies, and breads to their centre.", "As heat travels through, it transforms batters and doughs into baked goods with a firm dry crust and a softer centre\".", "Baking can be combined with grilling to produce a hybrid barbecue variant by using both methods simultaneously, or one after the other.", "Baking is related to barbecuing because the concept of the masonry oven is similar to that of a smoke pit." ] }, { "Nordic bread culture": [ "Nordic bread culture has existed in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden from prehistoric time through to the present.", "Four grain types dominated in the Nordic countries: barley and rye are the oldest; wheat and oats are more recent.", "During the Iron Age (500 AD \u2013 1050 AD), rye became the most commonly used grain, followed by barley and oats.", "Rye was also the most commonly used grain for bread up until the beginning of the 20th century.", "Today, older grain types such as emmer and spelt are once again being cultivated and new bread types are being developed from these grains.", "Archaeological finds in Denmark indicate use of the two triticum (wheat) species, emmer and einkorn, during the Mesolithic Period (8900 BC \u2013 3900 BC)." ] }, { "Mexican breads": [ "Mexican breads and other baked goods are the result of centuries of experimentation and the blending of influence from various European baking traditions.", "Wheat, and bread baked from it, was introduced by the Spanish at the time of the Conquest.", "The French influence in Mexican Bread is the strongest.", "From the bolillo evolving from a French baguette to the concha branching out from a French brioche even the terminology comes from France.", "A ba\u00f1o mar\u00eda, meaning a water bath for a custard type bud\u00edn or bread pudding comes from the French word bain marie.", "Mexican bread While the consumption of wheat has never surpassed that of corn in the country, wheat is still a staple food and an important part of everyday and special rituals." ] }, { "Women's mixed martial arts": [ "While mixed martial arts is primarily a male dominated sport, it does have female athletes.", "Female competition in Japan includes promotions such as DEEP Jewels.", "Now defunct promotions that featured female fighters were Valkyrie, and Smackgirl.", "Professional mixed martial arts organizations in the United States that invite women to compete are industry leader Ultimate Fighting Championship, the all female Invicta Fighting Championships, Resurrection Fighting Alliance, Bellator Fighting Championships, and Legacy Fighting Championship.", "Now defunct promotions that featured female fighters were Strikeforce and EliteXC." ] }, { "Sodium bicarbonate": [ "Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogen carbonate), commonly known as baking soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO.", "It is a salt composed of sodium ions and bicarbonate ions.", "Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline but often appears as a fine powder.", "It has a slightly salty, alkaline taste resembling that of washing soda (sodium carbonate).", "The natural mineral form is nahcolite.", "It is a component of the mineral natron and is found dissolved in many mineral springs.", "It is among the European Union-encoded food additives, identified as E 500.", "Because it has long been known and is widely used, the salt has many related names such as baking soda, bread soda, cooking soda, and bicarbonate of soda." ] }, { "Women migrant workers from developing countries": [ "Since the late 20th century, substantial labour migration from developing countries to high-income countries has occurred.", "This includes a substantial portion of female migrants.", "The term feminization of migration has been proposed as a suggested \"gendered pattern\" in international migration where there is a trend towards a higher percentage of women among voluntary migrants.", "Studies on women migrant workers in high-income countries tend to focus on their employment in domestic work and care work for dual-income families.", "For more than 4 decades, female migrant numbers have rivaled those of male migrants." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Baking powder", "Baking", "Nordic bread culture", "Mexican breads", "Women's mixed martial arts", "Sodium bicarbonate", "Women migrant workers from developing countries" ] } ], "chosen_topic_passage": [ "Homebrewing is the brewing of beer on a small scale for personal, non-commercial purposes.", "Beer has been brewed on the domestic level since its advent, thousands of years prior to its commercial production, although its legality has varied according to local regulation.", "Beer has been brewed domestically throughout its 7,000-year history, beginning in the Neolithic period in Mesopotamia (modern Iraq), Egypt and China.", "It seems to have first developed as thick beers; during this time meads, fruit wines and rice wines were also developed.", "Women brewers dominated alcohol production on every occupied continent until commercialization and industrialization of brewing occurred.", "The tradition of brewing being in the domain of women stemmed from the fact that brewing was a by-product of gathering, and often considered a part of baking.", "The Greeks and Romans cultivated both grape wine and beer, to a lesser extent.", "Roman women often directed production in larger households while the labor was performed by slaves.", "By the Tang dynasty, homebrewing seems to have been a familiar domestic chore in China, albeit the lower classes had to make do with poorly-filtered mash.", "Laws against making alcohol were enacted and repealed between the Zhou and Ming dynasties." ] }, { "chosen_topic": "Red hair", "persona": "i have red hair.", "wizard_eval": 5, "dialog": [ { "speaker": "0_Apprentice", "text": "red hair is rare but looks good sometimes.", "retrieved_passages": [ { "Red hair": [ "Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1\u20132% of the human population.", "It occurs more frequently (2\u20136%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin." ] }, { "Monkeys in Chinese culture": [ "Monkeys, particularly macaques and gibbons, have played significant roles in Chinese culture for over two thousand years.", "Some examples familiar to English speakers include the zodiacal Year of the Monkey, the Monkey King Sun Wukong in the novel \"Journey to the West\", and Monkey Kung Fu.", "The Chinese language has numerous words meaning \"simian; monkey; ape\".", "Some diachronically changed meanings in reference to different simians.", "For instance, Chinese \"xingxing\" \u7329\u7329 originally named \"a mythical creature with a human face and pig body\", and became the modern name for the \"orangutan\".", "Within the classification of Chinese characters, almost all \"monkey; ape\" words \u2013 with the exceptions of \"nao\" \u5912 and \"yu\" \u79ba that were originally monkey pictographs \u2013 are written with radical-phonetic compound characters." ] }, { "Human hair color": [ "Hair color is the pigmentation of hair follicles due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin.", "Generally, if more eumelanin is present, the color of the hair is darker; if less eumelanin is present, the hair is lighter.", "The darker a person's natural hair color is, the more individual hair follicles they have on their scalp.", "Levels of melanin can vary over time causing a person's hair color to change, and it is possible to have hair follicles of more than one color on the same person.", "Particular hair colors are associated with ethnic groups.", "Gray or white hair is associated with age.", "The Fischer\u2013Saller scale, named after Eugen Fischer and , is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color." ] }, { "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters": [ "The following is a list of fictional characters in Laurell K. Hamilton's \"\" series of novels.", "The title character, Anita Blake starts as a human with the power of necromancy.", "She joins the organization Animators, Inc. as an animator: a person who raises zombies) and a vampire executioner.", "In later volumes, she acquires some powers that are commonly associated with vampires.", "She contracts the lycanthropy viruses which makes her associate with were-creatures.", "She also grows powers as a succubus.", "Bert is the founder and managing partner of Animators, Inc. Over 6 feet tall and built like a former athlete, Bert is an unscrupulous boss who is inclined to sign the animators up for almost any job if the price is right." ] }, { "List of Monster High characters": [ "Mattel's fashion doll franchise \"Monster High\" features a variety of fictional characters, many of whom are students at the titular high school.", "The female characters are classified as Ghouls and the male characters are classified as Mansters.", "The characters are generally the sons and daughters, or related to monsters that have been popularized in fiction.", "The franchise's official website identifies six of the characters as Original Ghouls.", "In addition to the listed Ghouls and Mansters, there are other characters who have been introduced in the franchise's related media including the web/video and book series." ] }, { "San Baudelio de Berlanga": [ "The Hermitage of San Baudelio de Berlanga (\"Ermita de San Baudelio de Berlanga\") is an early 11th-century church at Caltojar in the province of Soria, Castile and Le\u00f3n, Spain, 80\u00a0km south of Berlanga de Duero.", "It is an example of Mozarabic architecture and was built in the 11th century, in what was then the frontier between Islamic and Christian lands.", "It is dedicated to Saint Baudilus or Baudel.", "Declared a national monument in 1917, The Hermitage of San Baudelio de Berlanga is thought to have been built to honor Saint Baudilus, or San Baudelio as he is known in Spanish.", "Saint Baudilus was a monk who lived during the second or third century in N\u00eemes and is mentioned in two twelfth-century documents." ] }, { "Red": [ "Red is the colour at the end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet.", "It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625\u2013740 nanometres.", "It is a primary color in the RGB color model and the CMYK color model, and is the complementary color of cyan.", "Reds range from the brilliant yellow-tinged scarlet and vermillion to bluish-red crimson, and vary in shade from the pale red pink to the dark red burgundy.", "The red sky at sunset results from Rayleigh scattering, while the red color of the Grand Canyon and other geological features is caused by hematite or red ochre, both forms of iron oxide." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Red hair", "Monkeys in Chinese culture", "Human hair color", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters", "List of Monster High characters", "San Baudelio de Berlanga", "Red" ] }, { "speaker": "1_Wizard", "text": "I know, it's a shame that red hair is only 1 to 2% of the population.", "checked_sentence": { "chosen_Red_hair_0": "Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1\u20132% of the human population." }, "checked_passage": { "chosen_topic_0_Red_hair": "Red hair" }, "retrieved_passages": [ { "Red hair": [ "Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1\u20132% of the human population.", "It occurs more frequently (2\u20136%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin." ] }, { "Human hair color": [ "Hair color is the pigmentation of hair follicles due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin.", "Generally, if more eumelanin is present, the color of the hair is darker; if less eumelanin is present, the hair is lighter.", "The darker a person's natural hair color is, the more individual hair follicles they have on their scalp.", "Levels of melanin can vary over time causing a person's hair color to change, and it is possible to have hair follicles of more than one color on the same person.", "Particular hair colors are associated with ethnic groups.", "Gray or white hair is associated with age.", "The Fischer\u2013Saller scale, named after Eugen Fischer and , is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color." ] }, { "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters": [ "The following is a list of fictional characters in Laurell K. Hamilton's \"\" series of novels.", "The title character, Anita Blake starts as a human with the power of necromancy.", "She joins the organization Animators, Inc. as an animator: a person who raises zombies) and a vampire executioner.", "In later volumes, she acquires some powers that are commonly associated with vampires.", "She contracts the lycanthropy viruses which makes her associate with were-creatures.", "She also grows powers as a succubus.", "Bert is the founder and managing partner of Animators, Inc. Over 6 feet tall and built like a former athlete, Bert is an unscrupulous boss who is inclined to sign the animators up for almost any job if the price is right." ] }, { "Ginger Kids": [ "\"Ginger Kids\" is the eleventh episode in the ninth season of the American animated television series \"South Park\".", "The 136th episode of the series overall, it first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on November 9, 2005.", "The episode was written and directed by series co-creator Trey Parker.", "It caused controversy after its ironic premise was misunderstood by people who acted violently against redheads.", "In the episode, Cartman suffers from a mysterious and sudden onset of Gingervitus.", "Sick and tired of being ridiculed for his red hair, light skin and freckles, he rallies all the ginger kids everywhere to fight against discrimination and rise up and become the master race they are intended to be." ] }, { "Melanocortin 1 receptor": [ "The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), also known as melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MSHR), melanin-activating peptide receptor, or melanotropin receptor, is a G protein\u2013coupled receptor that binds to a class of pituitary peptide hormones known as the melanocortins, which include adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and the different forms of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).", "MC1R is one of the key proteins involved in regulating mammalian skin and hair color.", "It is located on the plasma membrane of specialized cells known as melanocytes, which produce the pigment melanin through the process of melanogenesis." ] }, { "List of Monster High characters": [ "Mattel's fashion doll franchise \"Monster High\" features a variety of fictional characters, many of whom are students at the titular high school.", "The female characters are classified as Ghouls and the male characters are classified as Mansters.", "The characters are generally the sons and daughters, or related to monsters that have been popularized in fiction.", "The franchise's official website identifies six of the characters as Original Ghouls.", "In addition to the listed Ghouls and Mansters, there are other characters who have been introduced in the franchise's related media including the web/video and book series." ] }, { "Introduction to genetics": [ "Genetics is the study of genes\u2014what they are, what they do, and how they work.", "Genes inside the nucleus of a cell are strung together in such a way that the sequence carries information: that information determines how living organisms inherit various features (phenotypic traits).", "For example, offspring produced by sexual reproduction usually look similar to each of their parents because they have inherited some of each of their parents' genes.", "Genetics identifies which features are inherited, and explains how these features pass from generation to generation.", "In addition to inheritance, genetics studies how genes are turned on and off to control what substances are made in a cell\u2014gene expression; and how a cell divides\u2014mitosis or meiosis." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Red hair", "Human hair color", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters", "Ginger Kids", "Melanocortin 1 receptor", "List of Monster High characters", "Introduction to genetics" ] }, { "speaker": "0_Apprentice", "text": "yea the really good red hair is great.", "retrieved_passages": [ { "Red hair": [ "Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1\u20132% of the human population.", "It occurs more frequently (2\u20136%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin." ] }, { "Yea, Victoria": [ "Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population." ] }, { "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters": [ "The following is a list of fictional characters in Laurell K. Hamilton's \"\" series of novels.", "The title character, Anita Blake starts as a human with the power of necromancy.", "She joins the organization Animators, Inc. as an animator: a person who raises zombies) and a vampire executioner.", "In later volumes, she acquires some powers that are commonly associated with vampires.", "She contracts the lycanthropy viruses which makes her associate with were-creatures.", "She also grows powers as a succubus.", "Bert is the founder and managing partner of Animators, Inc. Over 6 feet tall and built like a former athlete, Bert is an unscrupulous boss who is inclined to sign the animators up for almost any job if the price is right." ] }, { "Toyah Willcox": [ "Toyah Ann Willcox (born 18 May 1958) is an English singer and actress.", "In a career spanning more than thirty years, Willcox has had 8 Top 40 singles, released over 20 albums, written two books, appeared in over forty stage plays and ten feature films, and voiced and presented numerous television shows.", "Between 1977 and 1983 she fronted the band Toyah, before embarking on a solo career in the mid-1980s.", "Her biggest hits include \"It's a Mystery\", \"Thunder in the Mountains\" and \"I Want to Be Free\".", "Willcox was born in Kings Heath, Birmingham.", "Her father Beric Willcox ran a successful joinery business and owned three factories." ] }, { "Human hair color": [ "Hair color is the pigmentation of hair follicles due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin.", "Generally, if more eumelanin is present, the color of the hair is darker; if less eumelanin is present, the hair is lighter.", "The darker a person's natural hair color is, the more individual hair follicles they have on their scalp.", "Levels of melanin can vary over time causing a person's hair color to change, and it is possible to have hair follicles of more than one color on the same person.", "Particular hair colors are associated with ethnic groups.", "Gray or white hair is associated with age.", "The Fischer\u2013Saller scale, named after Eugen Fischer and , is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color." ] }, { "List of Monster High characters": [ "Mattel's fashion doll franchise \"Monster High\" features a variety of fictional characters, many of whom are students at the titular high school.", "The female characters are classified as Ghouls and the male characters are classified as Mansters.", "The characters are generally the sons and daughters, or related to monsters that have been popularized in fiction.", "The franchise's official website identifies six of the characters as Original Ghouls.", "In addition to the listed Ghouls and Mansters, there are other characters who have been introduced in the franchise's related media including the web/video and book series." ] }, { "Ginger Kids": [ "\"Ginger Kids\" is the eleventh episode in the ninth season of the American animated television series \"South Park\".", "The 136th episode of the series overall, it first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on November 9, 2005.", "The episode was written and directed by series co-creator Trey Parker.", "It caused controversy after its ironic premise was misunderstood by people who acted violently against redheads.", "In the episode, Cartman suffers from a mysterious and sudden onset of Gingervitus.", "Sick and tired of being ridiculed for his red hair, light skin and freckles, he rallies all the ginger kids everywhere to fight against discrimination and rise up and become the master race they are intended to be." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Red hair", "Yea, Victoria", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters", "Toyah Willcox", "Human hair color", "List of Monster High characters", "Ginger Kids" ] }, { "speaker": "1_Wizard", "text": "Agreed, which is why it is such a shame that red hair is so rare.", "checked_sentence": { "chosen_Red_hair_0": "Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1\u20132% of the human population." }, "checked_passage": { "chosen_topic_0_Red_hair": "Red hair" }, "retrieved_passages": [ { "Red hair": [ "Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1\u20132% of the human population.", "It occurs more frequently (2\u20136%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin." ] }, { "Human hair color": [ "Hair color is the pigmentation of hair follicles due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin.", "Generally, if more eumelanin is present, the color of the hair is darker; if less eumelanin is present, the hair is lighter.", "The darker a person's natural hair color is, the more individual hair follicles they have on their scalp.", "Levels of melanin can vary over time causing a person's hair color to change, and it is possible to have hair follicles of more than one color on the same person.", "Particular hair colors are associated with ethnic groups.", "Gray or white hair is associated with age.", "The Fischer\u2013Saller scale, named after Eugen Fischer and , is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color." ] }, { "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters": [ "The following is a list of fictional characters in Laurell K. Hamilton's \"\" series of novels.", "The title character, Anita Blake starts as a human with the power of necromancy.", "She joins the organization Animators, Inc. as an animator: a person who raises zombies) and a vampire executioner.", "In later volumes, she acquires some powers that are commonly associated with vampires.", "She contracts the lycanthropy viruses which makes her associate with were-creatures.", "She also grows powers as a succubus.", "Bert is the founder and managing partner of Animators, Inc. Over 6 feet tall and built like a former athlete, Bert is an unscrupulous boss who is inclined to sign the animators up for almost any job if the price is right." ] }, { "Morsum": [ "Morsum (North Frisian: \"Muasem\") is a village on the North Sea island of Sylt in the district of Nordfriesland in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.", "Today, it is an \"Ortsteil\" of the \"Gemeinde Sylt\".", "Morsum is located close to the scientifically important geotope and to the beginning of the Hindenburgdamm linking Sylt with the mainland.", "Morsum (North Frisian: \"Muasem\") derives from \"settlement of Mar\".", "Morsum was first mentioned in a document of 1462 (\"Zinsbuch\" of the \"Bistum Schleswig\").", "Until the 19th century, it was the most populous village on Sylt.", "In 1695, Morsum had 118 taxable dwellings.", "A school house was built in 1705." ] }, { "Melanocortin 1 receptor": [ "The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), also known as melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MSHR), melanin-activating peptide receptor, or melanotropin receptor, is a G protein\u2013coupled receptor that binds to a class of pituitary peptide hormones known as the melanocortins, which include adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and the different forms of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).", "MC1R is one of the key proteins involved in regulating mammalian skin and hair color.", "It is located on the plasma membrane of specialized cells known as melanocytes, which produce the pigment melanin through the process of melanogenesis." ] }, { "Ginger Kids": [ "\"Ginger Kids\" is the eleventh episode in the ninth season of the American animated television series \"South Park\".", "The 136th episode of the series overall, it first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on November 9, 2005.", "The episode was written and directed by series co-creator Trey Parker.", "It caused controversy after its ironic premise was misunderstood by people who acted violently against redheads.", "In the episode, Cartman suffers from a mysterious and sudden onset of Gingervitus.", "Sick and tired of being ridiculed for his red hair, light skin and freckles, he rallies all the ginger kids everywhere to fight against discrimination and rise up and become the master race they are intended to be." ] }, { "Introduction to genetics": [ "Genetics is the study of genes\u2014what they are, what they do, and how they work.", "Genes inside the nucleus of a cell are strung together in such a way that the sequence carries information: that information determines how living organisms inherit various features (phenotypic traits).", "For example, offspring produced by sexual reproduction usually look similar to each of their parents because they have inherited some of each of their parents' genes.", "Genetics identifies which features are inherited, and explains how these features pass from generation to generation.", "In addition to inheritance, genetics studies how genes are turned on and off to control what substances are made in a cell\u2014gene expression; and how a cell divides\u2014mitosis or meiosis." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Red hair", "Human hair color", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters", "Morsum", "Melanocortin 1 receptor", "Ginger Kids", "Introduction to genetics" ] }, { "speaker": "0_Apprentice", "text": "yea i know, i think europeans have more of it", "retrieved_passages": [ { "Yea, Victoria": [ "Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population." ] }, { "Lacy Walter Giles Yea": [ "Lacy Walter Giles Yea (20 May 1808 \u2013 18 June 1855) was a British Army colonel, known for his role in the Crimean War, where he was killed in action.", "Born in Park Row, Bristol, on 20 May 1808, he was eldest son of Sir William Walter Yea, second baronet, of Pyrland, near Taunton, Somerset, who married, on 24 June 1805, Anne Heckstetter (d. 1846), youngest daughter of Colonel David Michel of Dulish House, Dorset.", "Lacy Yea was educated at Eton College.", "He was commissioned as ensign in the 37th foot on 6 October 1825, obtained an unattached lieutenancy on 19 December 1826, was appointed to the 5th Foot on 13 March 1827, and exchanged to the 7th (Royal Fusiliers) on 13 March 1828." ] }, { "1776 (musical)": [ "1776 is a musical with music and lyrics by Sherman Edwards and a book by Peter Stone.", "The story is based on the events surrounding the signing of the Declaration of Independence.", "It dramatizes the efforts of John Adams to persuade his colleagues to vote for American independence and to sign the document.", "It premiered on Broadway in 1969, earning warm reviews, and ran for 1,217 performances.", "The production was nominated for five Tony Awards and won three, including the Tony Award for Best Musical.", "In 1972 it was made into a film adaptation.", "It was revived on Broadway in 1997.", "In 1925, Rodgers and Hart had written a musical about the American Revolution, called \"Dearest Enemy\"." ] }, { "Dan Liljenquist": [ "Daniel R. Liljenquist (born July 10, 1974) is an American businessman and former politician.", "He was a Republican member of the Utah State Senate representing the state's 23rd senate district in Davis County from January 2009 to December 2011.", "He resigned to run in the 2012 election for U.S. Senate against 36-year-incumbent United States Senator Orrin Hatch.", "Liljenquist was defeated by Hatch in the primary election.", "He currently consults on pension reform and healthcare.", "He serves on the boards of the Lucy Burns Institute, which publishes Ballotpedia, and the Utah Debate Commission.", "Born in Nashville to Dr. John E. Liljenquist and Colleen Redford Liljenquist, he spent most of his childhood in Idaho Falls." ] }, { "Yea Big + Kid Static": [ "Yea Big + Kid Static is a hip-hop duo formerly based out of Chicago, Illinois.", "The group's two members, Stefen Robinson and Moses Harris, Jr., have been working together since 2005.", "The duo of Yea Big + Kid Static was formed in late 2005 by Stefen Robinson (Yea Big) and Moses Harris, Jr. (Kid Static).", "Their work is a blend of sample-based experimental hip-hop, D.I.Y.", "punk, and roots music.", "Yea Big + Kid Static has toured with bands as diverse as The Mae Shi, Rapider Than Horsepower, Bark Bark Bark and Gentleman Auction House; and released a digital-only side project, \"Secretary\", with Brad Breeck (of The Mae Shi) and Andrea Cochran." ] }, { "Shire of Yea": [ "The Shire of Yea was a local government area about northeast of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia.", "The shire covered an area of , and existed from 1869 until 1994.", "The shire's population was dominated by the town of Yea.", "Yea was first incorporated as a road district on 1 February 1869, and became a shire on 28 November 1873.", "Its boundaries changed a number of times throughout its existence: The Shire was described in the 1949 Australian Blue Book as an elevated area given to pastoral and dairying pursuits, along with sheep and cattle grazing.", "By 1994, 51% of Yea's land was under cultivation as farmland, with the Kinglake National Park and Yea River Regional Park as well as the Murrindindi Forest, the latter being important to Yea's economy for timber production, accounting for much of the rest." ] }, { "Anachronisms in the Book of Mormon": [ "There are a number of words and phrases in the Book of Mormon that are anachronistic\u2014their existence in the text of the Book of Mormon is at odds with known linguistic patterns, archaeological findings, or known historical events.", "Each of the anachronisms is a word, phrase, artifact, or other concept that critics, historians, archaeologists, or linguists believe did not exist in the Americas during the time period in which the Book of Mormon claims to have been written.", "Mormon scholars and apologists respond to the anachronisms in several ways.", "The list below summarizes the most prominent anachronisms, as well as perspectives of Mormon scholars and common apologetic rebuttals." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Yea, Victoria", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea", "1776 (musical)", "Dan Liljenquist", "Yea Big + Kid Static", "Shire of Yea", "Anachronisms in the Book of Mormon" ] }, { "speaker": "1_Wizard", "text": "They do, as they are 2 to 6% red haired people in northern or western Europe.", "checked_sentence": { "chosen_Red_hair_0": "It occurs more frequently (2\u20136%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations." }, "checked_passage": { "chosen_topic_0_Red_hair": "Red hair" }, "retrieved_passages": [ { "A Charlie Brown Valentine": [ "A Charlie Brown Valentine is an animated television special, based on characters from the Charles M. Schulz comic strip \"Peanuts\".", "It features the \"Peanuts\" characters during the week leading up to Valentine's Day.", "Initially broadcast February 14, 2002 on ABC, \"A Charlie Brown Valentine\" was the first new \"Peanuts\" special to air on television since 1994's \"You're in the Super Bowl, Charlie Brown\", and the first original special to be televised since Schulz's death in February 2000.", "\"A Charlie Brown Valentine\" was the first \"Peanuts\" special to be produced after the death of \"Peanuts\" creator Charles M. Schulz in 2000." ] }, { "Red hair": [ "Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1\u20132% of the human population.", "It occurs more frequently (2\u20136%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin." ] }, { "Born Free (music video)": [ "The music video for English recording artist M.I.A.", "'s \"Born Free\" was directed by Romain Gavras.", "The video, which depicts a genocide against red haired people, was filmed in California and directed by Romain Gavras as a nine-minute short film without the prior knowledge of M.I.A.", "'s record labels.", "Several incidents relating to the extra-judicial killing of Tamil males by the Sri Lankan Army filmed on mobile phones in Sri Lanka, some of which had been broadcast by news outlets worldwide, inspired M.I.A.", "'s treatment for the film-video.", "The video's portrayal of military force, violence and brutality met with a positive critical reception but much controversy worldwide, including a ban from YouTube in the US and UK, with some critics hailing its representation of oppression and political turmoil and others criticizing the explicit material in the video." ] }, { "Human hair color": [ "Hair color is the pigmentation of hair follicles due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin.", "Generally, if more eumelanin is present, the color of the hair is darker; if less eumelanin is present, the hair is lighter.", "The darker a person's natural hair color is, the more individual hair follicles they have on their scalp.", "Levels of melanin can vary over time causing a person's hair color to change, and it is possible to have hair follicles of more than one color on the same person.", "Particular hair colors are associated with ethnic groups.", "Gray or white hair is associated with age.", "The Fischer\u2013Saller scale, named after Eugen Fischer and , is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color." ] }, { "Weapon Brown": [ "Weapon Brown is a 2002 comic book published by Death Ray Graphics and written by Jason Yungbluth, the author of \"Deep Fried\", an anthology comic also published by Death Ray Graphics, in which the Weapon Brown character and story first appeared split across four issues in a story called \"A Peanut Scorned\".", "The entire story was compiled from these four issues of \"Deep Fried\", had new content added, and was then released as a one shot issue in December 2002.", "The story features parodies of the cast of \"Peanuts\" as well as a number of parodied objects and settings set in a post-apocalyptic world, and drawn in a darker, more adult style as a direct contrast to the more innocent style used by Charles M. Schulz." ] }, { "Born Free (M.I.A. song)": [ "\"Born Free\" is a song by English recording artist M.I.A., released alongside an accompanying short film/music video of the same name from her third album, \"Maya\".", "XL Recordings and Interscope Records/N.E.E.T.", "released \"Born Free\" as a digital download from the album on 23 April 2010, with the music video released on 26 April 2010.", "\"Born Free\" was composed by Maya \"M.I.A.\"", "Arulpragasam, Dave \"Switch\" Taylor, Alan Vega and Martin Rev, with production by M.I.A.", "and Switch.", "The artwork for the single was released on 25 April 2010.", "\"Born Free\" was her next release following the track \"O...Saya\" from the film \"Slumdog Millionaire\" and the birth of her son in 2009." ] }, { "Brown hair": [ "Brown hair is the second most common human hair color, after black hair.", "It varies from light brown to almost black hair.", "It is characterized by higher levels of the dark pigment eumelanin and lower levels of the pale pigment pheomelanin.", "Its strands are thicker than those of fair hair but not as much as those of red hair.", "People with brown hair are often referred to as brunette, which in French is the feminine form of \"brunet,\" the diminutive of \"brun\" (brown, brown-haired or dark-haired).", "Brown hair is common among populations in the Western world, especially among those from Central Europe, Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Southern Cone, the United States, and also some populations in the Greater Middle East where it transitions smoothly into black hair." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "A Charlie Brown Valentine", "Red hair", "Born Free (music video)", "Human hair color", "Weapon Brown", "Born Free (M.I.A. song)", "Brown hair" ] }, { "speaker": "0_Apprentice", "text": "oh wow thats cool", "retrieved_passages": [ { "Wow Oh Wow": [ "\"Wow Oh Wow\" is a song by Irish hip pop duo Jedward.", "It is the third single released from their second album, \"Victory\".", "It was released as a digital download on 18 November 2011.", "The song is written by Orits\u00e9 Williams of boy band JLS, and songwriters Johannes Joergensen, Savan Kotecha, Daniel Klein of Deekay.", "In September 2011, \"Wow Oh Wow\" was announced as the third single from \"Victory\".", "Jedward debuted the song on Irish chat show \"The Late Late Show\".", "The song was released as a digital-only single.", "The music video was directed by Dale \"Rage\" Resteghini and filmed in Los Angeles, California in October 2011." ] }, { "Steve Jobs": [ "Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 \u2013 October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s." ] }, { "Those Darlins": [ "Those Darlins was a rock and roll band from Nashville, Tennessee active between 2006 and 2016.", "The group has released three albums, their alt-country-leaning self-titled debut \"Those Darlins\" in 2009, the garage rock influenced \"Screws Get Loose\" in 2011, and the more classic rock and roll \"Blur the Line\" in 2013.", "The band also owns and operates its own record label, Oh Wow Dang Records.", "The band entered into a hiatus in 2016.", "Lead singer Jessi Zazu died from cancer on September 12, 2017.", "Jessi Zazu, Nikki Kvarnes, and Kelley Anderson formed Those Darlins after meeting at the Southern Girls Rock & Roll Camp in Murfreesboro, Tennessee." ] }, { "OMG (Usher song)": [ "\"OMG\" is a song by American recording artist Usher and American rapper will.i.am, who also wrote and produced the song.", "It uses the auto-tune effect in several lines, as well as \"Jock Jams\"-esque sports arena chanting.", "It was released on March 22, 2010 as the first worldwide single off his sixth studio album, \"Raymond v. Raymond\", and the fourth single overall, following the three US singles \"Papers\", \"Hey Daddy (Daddy's Home)\", and \"Lil Freak\".", "The song was met with a mixed reception from critics, who criticized the use of auto-tune, but commended the song's dance and club vibe.", "The song marks the second time that Usher has collaborated with will.i.am, following the single \"What's Your Name\", from his previous album \"Here I Stand\" (2008)." ] }, { "Bow Wow (rapper)": [ "Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\"." ] }, { "Pow wow": [ "A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wows may be private or public.", "There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel." ] }, { "Atelier Bow-Wow": [ "Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L\u2019Ecole d\u2019Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987\u201388 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Wow Oh Wow", "Steve Jobs", "Those Darlins", "OMG (Usher song)", "Bow Wow (rapper)", "Pow wow", "Atelier Bow-Wow" ] }, { "speaker": "1_Wizard", "text": "I know, and the frequency is lower in other populations.", "checked_sentence": { "chosen_Red_hair_0": "It occurs more frequently (2\u20136%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations." }, "checked_passage": { "chosen_topic_0_Red_hair": "Red hair" }, "retrieved_passages": [ { "Genetic studies on Jews": [ "Genetic studies on Jews are part of the population genetics discipline and are used to better understand the chronology of migration provided by research in other fields, such as history, archaeology, linguistics, and paleontology.", "These studies investigate the origins of various Jewish populations today.", "In particular, they investigate whether there is a common genetic heritage among various Jewish populations.", "Studies of autosomal DNA, which look at the entire DNA mixture, show that Jewish populations have tended to form relatively closely related groups in independent communities, with most in a community sharing significant ancestry and up to 75% Levantine genes." ] }, { "Genetic studies on Croats": [ "Population genetics is a scientific discipline which contributes to the examination of the human evolutionary and historical migrations.", "Particularly useful information is provided by research of two uniparental markers within our genome, the Y-chromosome (Y-DNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).", "The studied data suggests that around 3/4 of the contemporary Croatian male individuals are the descendants of Old Europeans who came here before and after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), while the rest of the population from those who arrived in the last 10,000 years, mostly during the Neolithic period.", "The contemporary Croatian female individuals have genetic diversity which fits within a broader European maternal genetic landscape." ] }, { "Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia": [ "The study of the genetics and archaeogenetics of the ethnic groups of South Asia aims at uncovering these groups' genetic history.", "The geographic position of the South Asia makes its biodiversity important for the study of the early dispersal of anatomically modern humans across Asia.", "Studies based on mtDNA variation have reported genetic unity across various South Asian sub\u2013populations.", "Conclusions of studies based on Y Chromosome variation and Autosomal DNA variation have been varied, although many researchers argue that most of the ancestral nodes of the phylogenetic tree of all the mtDNA types originated in South Asia." ] }, { "Haplogroup O-M122": [ "In human population genetics, haplogroups define the major lineages of direct paternal (male) lines back to a shared common ancestor in Africa.", "Haplogroup O-M122 \uff08also known as Haplogroup O2 (formerly Haplogroup O3)\uff09is an Eastern Eurasian Y-chromosome haplogroup.", "The lineage ranges across Southeast Asia and East Asia, where it dominates the paternal lineages with extremely high frequencies.", "This lineage is a descendant haplogroup of haplogroup O-M175.", "Researchers believe that O-M122 first appeared in Southeast Asia approximately 25,000-30,000 years ago or roughly between 30,000 and 35,000 years ago according to more recent studies (Karmin \"et al.\"" ] }, { "Genetic studies on Moroccans": [ "Moroccan genetics encompasses the genetic history of the people of Morocco, and the genetic influence of this ancestry on world populations.", "It has been heavily influenced by geography.", "In prehistoric times, the Sahara desert to the south and the Mediterranean Sea to the north were important geographical barriers.", "West Asia and Northeast Africa form a single land mass at the Suez.", "The Maghreb and Southwest Europe are separated by only 15\u00a0km (9\u00a0mi) at the Straits of Gibraltar, and a similar distance separates the Horn of Africa from the Arabian peninsula at the Bab el-Mandeb strait.", "At periods of low sea-levels, such as during a glacial maximum, islands that are currently submerged in the Mediterranean, and possibly in between the Gibraltar straits, would have been habitable." ] }, { "Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas": [ "The genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas primarily focuses on Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups and Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups.", "Autosomal \"atDNA\" markers are also used, but differ from mtDNA or Y-DNA in that they overlap significantly.", "The genetic pattern indicates Indigenous Amerindians experienced two very distinctive genetic episodes; first with the initial peopling of the Americas, and secondly with European colonization of the Americas.", "The former is the determinant factor for the number of gene lineages, zygosity mutations and founding haplotypes present in today's Indigenous Amerindian populations." ] }, { "Quantitative genetics": [ "Quantitative genetics is a branch of population genetics that deals with phenotypes that vary continuously (in characters such as height or mass)\u2014as opposed to discretely identifiable phenotypes and gene-products (such as eye-colour, or the presence of a particular biochemical).", "Both branches use the frequencies of different alleles of a gene in breeding populations (gamodemes), and combine them with concepts from simple Mendelian inheritance to analyze inheritance patterns across generations and descendant lines.", "While population genetics can focus on particular genes and their subsequent metabolic products, quantitative genetics focuses more on the outward phenotypes, and makes summaries only of the underlying genetics." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Genetic studies on Jews", "Genetic studies on Croats", "Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia", "Haplogroup O-M122", "Genetic studies on Moroccans", "Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas", "Quantitative genetics" ] }, { "speaker": "0_Apprentice", "text": "yea i think its the genes", "retrieved_passages": [ { "Yea, Victoria": [ "Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population." ] }, { "Lacy Walter Giles Yea": [ "Lacy Walter Giles Yea (20 May 1808 \u2013 18 June 1855) was a British Army colonel, known for his role in the Crimean War, where he was killed in action.", "Born in Park Row, Bristol, on 20 May 1808, he was eldest son of Sir William Walter Yea, second baronet, of Pyrland, near Taunton, Somerset, who married, on 24 June 1805, Anne Heckstetter (d. 1846), youngest daughter of Colonel David Michel of Dulish House, Dorset.", "Lacy Yea was educated at Eton College.", "He was commissioned as ensign in the 37th foot on 6 October 1825, obtained an unattached lieutenancy on 19 December 1826, was appointed to the 5th Foot on 13 March 1827, and exchanged to the 7th (Royal Fusiliers) on 13 March 1828." ] }, { "1776 (musical)": [ "1776 is a musical with music and lyrics by Sherman Edwards and a book by Peter Stone.", "The story is based on the events surrounding the signing of the Declaration of Independence.", "It dramatizes the efforts of John Adams to persuade his colleagues to vote for American independence and to sign the document.", "It premiered on Broadway in 1969, earning warm reviews, and ran for 1,217 performances.", "The production was nominated for five Tony Awards and won three, including the Tony Award for Best Musical.", "In 1972 it was made into a film adaptation.", "It was revived on Broadway in 1997.", "In 1925, Rodgers and Hart had written a musical about the American Revolution, called \"Dearest Enemy\"." ] }, { "Shire of Yea": [ "The Shire of Yea was a local government area about northeast of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia.", "The shire covered an area of , and existed from 1869 until 1994.", "The shire's population was dominated by the town of Yea.", "Yea was first incorporated as a road district on 1 February 1869, and became a shire on 28 November 1873.", "Its boundaries changed a number of times throughout its existence: The Shire was described in the 1949 Australian Blue Book as an elevated area given to pastoral and dairying pursuits, along with sheep and cattle grazing.", "By 1994, 51% of Yea's land was under cultivation as farmland, with the Kinglake National Park and Yea River Regional Park as well as the Murrindindi Forest, the latter being important to Yea's economy for timber production, accounting for much of the rest." ] }, { "Yea Big + Kid Static": [ "Yea Big + Kid Static is a hip-hop duo formerly based out of Chicago, Illinois.", "The group's two members, Stefen Robinson and Moses Harris, Jr., have been working together since 2005.", "The duo of Yea Big + Kid Static was formed in late 2005 by Stefen Robinson (Yea Big) and Moses Harris, Jr. (Kid Static).", "Their work is a blend of sample-based experimental hip-hop, D.I.Y.", "punk, and roots music.", "Yea Big + Kid Static has toured with bands as diverse as The Mae Shi, Rapider Than Horsepower, Bark Bark Bark and Gentleman Auction House; and released a digital-only side project, \"Secretary\", with Brad Breeck (of The Mae Shi) and Andrea Cochran." ] }, { "Dan Liljenquist": [ "Daniel R. Liljenquist (born July 10, 1974) is an American businessman and former politician.", "He was a Republican member of the Utah State Senate representing the state's 23rd senate district in Davis County from January 2009 to December 2011.", "He resigned to run in the 2012 election for U.S. Senate against 36-year-incumbent United States Senator Orrin Hatch.", "Liljenquist was defeated by Hatch in the primary election.", "He currently consults on pension reform and healthcare.", "He serves on the boards of the Lucy Burns Institute, which publishes Ballotpedia, and the Utah Debate Commission.", "Born in Nashville to Dr. John E. Liljenquist and Colleen Redford Liljenquist, he spent most of his childhood in Idaho Falls." ] }, { "Essential gene": [ "Essential genes are those genes of an organism that are thought to be critical for its survival.", "However, being \"essential\" is highly dependent on the circumstances in which an organism lives.", "For instance, a gene required to digest starch is only essential if starch is the only source of energy.", "Recently, systematic attempts have been made to identify those genes that are absolutely required to maintain life, provided that all nutrients are available.", "Such experiments have led to the conclusion that the absolutely required number of genes for bacteria is on the order of about 250-300.", "These essential genes encode proteins to maintain a central metabolism, replicate DNA, translate genes into proteins, maintain a basic cellular structure, and mediate transport processes into and out of the cell." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Yea, Victoria", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea", "1776 (musical)", "Shire of Yea", "Yea Big + Kid Static", "Dan Liljenquist", "Essential gene" ] }, { "speaker": "1_Wizard", "text": "I guess so, since it appears when two copies of the recessive allele on chromosome 16 is present.", "checked_sentence": { "chosen_Red_hair_0": "Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein." }, "checked_passage": { "chosen_topic_0_Red_hair": "Red hair" }, "retrieved_passages": [ { "Dominance (genetics)": [ "Dominance in genetics is a relationship between alleles of one gene, in which the effect on phenotype of one allele masks the contribution of a second allele at the same locus.", "The first allele is dominant and the second allele is recessive.", "For genes on an autosome (any chromosome other than a sex chromosome), the alleles and their associated traits are autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive.", "Dominance is a key concept in Mendelian inheritance and classical genetics.", "Often the dominant allele codes for a functional protein whereas the recessive allele does not.", "A classic example of dominance is the inheritance of seed shape in peas." ] }, { "Zygosity": [ "Zygosity is the degree of similarity of the alleles for a trait in an organism.", "Most eukaryotes have two matching sets of chromosomes; that is, they are diploid.", "Diploid organisms have the same loci on each of their two sets of homologous chromosomes except that the sequences at these loci may differ between the two chromosomes in a matching pair and that a few chromosomes may be mismatched as part of a chromosomal sex-determination system.", "If both alleles of a diploid organism are the same, the organism is homozygous at that locus.", "If they are different, the organism is heterozygous at that locus." ] }, { "Mendelian inheritance": [ "Mendelian inheritance is a type of biological inheritance that follows the laws originally proposed by Gregor Mendel in 1865 and 1866 and re-discovered in 1900.", "These laws were initially controversial.", "When Mendel's theories were integrated with the Boveri\u2013Sutton chromosome theory of inheritance by Thomas Hunt Morgan in 1915, they became the core of classical genetics.", "Ronald Fisher combined these ideas with the theory of natural selection in his 1930 book \"The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection\", putting evolution onto a mathematical footing and forming the basis for population genetics within the modern evolutionary synthesis." ] }, { "Red hair": [ "Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1\u20132% of the human population.", "It occurs more frequently (2\u20136%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin." ] }, { "Introduction to genetics": [ "Genetics is the study of genes\u2014what they are, what they do, and how they work.", "Genes inside the nucleus of a cell are strung together in such a way that the sequence carries information: that information determines how living organisms inherit various features (phenotypic traits).", "For example, offspring produced by sexual reproduction usually look similar to each of their parents because they have inherited some of each of their parents' genes.", "Genetics identifies which features are inherited, and explains how these features pass from generation to generation.", "In addition to inheritance, genetics studies how genes are turned on and off to control what substances are made in a cell\u2014gene expression; and how a cell divides\u2014mitosis or meiosis." ] }, { "Solid white (chicken plumage)": [ "In poultry standards, solid white is coloration of plumage in chickens (\"Gallus gallus domesticus\") characterized by a uniform pure white color across all feathers, which is not generally associated with depigmentation in any other part of the body.", "Color is an important feature of most living organisms.", "In the wild, color has great significance affecting the survival and reproductive success of the species.", "The environmental constraints which lead to the specific colors of birds and animals are very strong and individuals of novel colors tend not to survive.", "Under domestication, mankind has transformed all the species involved which have thus been freed from environmental pressures to a large extent." ] }, { "Preimplantation genetic diagnosis": [ "Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD or PIGD) is the genetic profiling of embryos prior to implantation (as a form of embryo profiling), and sometimes even of oocytes prior to fertilization.", "PGD is considered in a similar fashion to prenatal diagnosis.", "When used to screen for a specific genetic disease, its main advantage is that it avoids selective pregnancy termination as the method makes it highly likely that the baby will be free of the disease under consideration.", "PGD thus is an adjunct to assisted reproductive technology, and requires in vitro fertilization (IVF) to obtain oocytes or embryos for evaluation." ] } ], "retrieved_topics": [ "Dominance (genetics)", "Zygosity", "Mendelian inheritance", "Red hair", "Introduction to genetics", "Solid white (chicken plumage)", "Preimplantation genetic diagnosis" ] } ], "chosen_topic_passage": [ "Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1\u20132% of the human population.", "It occurs more frequently (2\u20136%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "It is associated with fair skin color, lighter eye colors (gray, blue, green, and hazel), freckles, and sensitivity to ultraviolet light.", "Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered.", "The term redhead has been in use since at least 1510.", "Red hair is most commonly found at the northern and western fringes of Europe; it is centered around populations in the British Isles.", "Redheads today are commonly associated with the Celtic nations and to a far lesser extent the Germanic peoples." ] } ]