Alegzandra/wili-2018-roplus huggingface dataset:
She roie-immeeaght jeh'n Affrick Yiass noa-emshyragh eh Unnaneys ny h-Affrick Yiass, ny Unnaneys yn Affrick Yiass. V'eh currit er bun er 31 Boaldyn 1910 tra ren ny kiare coloinaghtyn Goaldagh—Coloinaght ny Rheynn, Coloinaght Natal, Coloinaght Transvaal as Coloinaght Awin Oranje—co-unnaneyssey rish nyn geilley. Lurg y Chied Chaggey Dowanagh va reiltys er yn Affrick Heear Yiass Germaanagh bronnit er yn Affrick Yiass myr anney jeh Commeeys ny h-Ashoonyn as haink er dy ve coontit, er y chooid smoo, myr queiggey elley jeh'n Unnaneys.

Ayns cosoylaght rish y lectraghys, ta'n moggyl rheynn dy ghas najooragh er bunneydys ooilley-ellanagh nish, lesh piob-linney ta kiangley Baile Mhic Ghormáin ayns Coontae ny Mee as Bealach Cláir, Coontae Aontrym. Ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n ghas ayns Nerin çhet stiagh trooid eddyr-chianglaghyn eddyr Twynholm ayns Nalbin as Baile an Lonfoirt, Coontae Aontrym as Loch Sionnaigh, Coontae Ghivlyn. Ta ymmyrkey leodagh çheet ass magher gas Chione Sailley magh veih coose Choontae Chorkee as cha nel Magher Gas an Choirib magh veih coose Choontae Vay Eo er ny foshley dys shoh. Ta'n magher ayns Coontae Vay Eo çheet ny whaiyl lesh condaigys ynnydagh mychione briwnys arganeagh dys y gas dy aaghlenney er çheer.

Chur arraghey magh ass Nerin lesh sleih-earroo Hostyn, ny Steatyn Unnaneysit, ny Canadey as ny h-Austrail raad ta eebyrtys Yernagh mooar cummal jiu. Va ny cooseyn sheear as jiass jeeillit son y chooid smoo rere yn arraghey magh shen. Roish y Ghortey Mooar, va'n ghlooaght cheddin, begnagh, ayns queiggaghyn Connaghtey, Lion as Mooan as cha row Queiggey Ulley cha glooit as y tree queiggaghyn elley. Jiu, ta'n ghlooaght foddey ny s'trimmey ayns Ullee as Lioin, ayns Divlyn er lheh, na ayns y Vooan as Connaghtey.

Va'n moggyl dy raaidyn yiarn ayns Nerin lhiassit ec ram colughtyn preevaadjagh car y 19-oo eash, as fir oc geddyn argid choonee reiltysagh 'sy 19-oo eash yeianagh. Rosh y moggyl y roshtynys smoo ayns 1920. V'eh coardit dy beagh towse lheanagh jeh 1,600mm (5 tr 3 oar) myr towse stundayrtit er yn ellan, ga dy row keeadyn dy chilometeryn dy raaidyn yiarn lesh towse keyl jeh 914mm (3 tr).

Ta cultoor Nerin jeant seose jeh meeryn cultoor y çhenn sthie-arraghee as cleaynaghyn (lheid as cultoor Gaelgagh) as, er y gherrid, Sostnaghey as Americaanaghey myrane lesh commeeys ayns cultoor ny h-Oarpey. Rere keeal lheeadagh, Ta Nerin coontit myr nane jeh ny hashoonyn Celtiagh 'syn Oarpey, gollrish Nalbin, Bretyn, y Chorn, Mannin as y Vritaan. Ta'n cochiangle shen dy cleaynaghyn cultooagh ry-akin ayns cummaghyn cam ta enmyssit fee Yernagh ny Cruint Cheltiagh. T'ad ry-akin ayns ornaidys ny h-obbraghyn crauee as neuvonnagh mean-eashagh. Ta'n aght shen foast ennoil jiu ayns cliejeeneydys as ellyn ghraafagh, myrane lesh yn aght er lheh jeh kiaull as daunse Yernagh tradishoonagh, as t'ad er ny ve cowreydagh da cultoor "Celtiagh" noa-emshiragh son y chooid smoo.

T'ad geddyn ensymeyn ass cardoon dys jannoo caashey feill-haghnagh. Ta caashey tradishoonagh ny Portiugal jeant jeh'n vinjey shoh ynrican, myr sampleyr, Queijo de Nisa.
Tra ren y Vretyn Vooar goaill stiagh y Teelynn Noa 'sy vlein 1840, haink urree dy ve ny cooid jeh Bretyn Yiass Noa er feie tammylt ghiare. Car y 19oo eash va ardjyn mooarey scarrit magh assjee son dy chur ny coloinyn Goaldagh y Tasmaan (va currit er bun myr coloin er lheh va enmyssit Thalloo Van Diemen 'sy vlein 1825), yn Austrail Yiass (1836), Victoria (1851), as Queensland (1859).

Ta ny gassyn ooasle ayns possan 0 (ta shin gra possan VIII rish shen neesht) ta ry-gheddyn er y laue yesh jeh taabyl ny bunstooghyn. Ta ooiley ny gassyn ooasle feer neu-ymobbreeagh (ta'n fockle 'argon' çheet veih fockle Greagish as y cheeall 'litçheragh' echey) - ta ny gassyn ooasle jeant ass un vreneen ny lomarcan.

Ta ronney shirveishyn yn RU bishaghey, ansherbee, as nish t'eh freggyrtagh son 73% LTS ny çheerey. Ta'n ronney shirveishyn jannoo kioneys er shirveishyn argidoil, ayns bancaght as urryssaght er lheh. Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd argidoil smoo er y theihll lesh Boorse Lunnin, Boorse Lunnin ry hoi Conaantyn ry-heet Argidoil as Reihyn Eddyr-ashoonagh (LIFFE), as y margey urryssagh Lloyd's of London bunnit ayns Ard-valley Lunnin. Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd scanshoil ry hoi dellal eddyr-ashoonagh as cochionneeaght as t'eh ny valley toshee er tree "ynnydyn anney" ry hoi y tarmaynys dowanagh (myrane lesh York Noa as Tokyo). Ta'n co-ghlooaghey banglaneyn bancyn joarree smoo er y theihll ayn. 'Sy yeihaght jerrinagh, ta ynnyd argidoil trughanagh gaase ayns ny Lhonglannyn, lesh HSBC as Barclays Bank aahoiaghey ny h-ard-offishyn ayns shen. Ta mooarane colughtyn eddyr-ashoonagh nagh vel bunnit 'syn RU son y chooid smoo, lheid as Citigroup, aahoiaghey ny kione-cherrooyn Oarpagh gys Lunnin. Ta nane jeh ny h-ynnydyn argidoil smoo ny h-Oarpey 'sy phreeu-valley Albinagh, Doon Edin as ta kione-cherroo yn Royal Bank of Scotland Group, nane jeh ny bancyn smoo 'sy dowan, soit ayn.

Çheer sleityn beggey t'ayns Nerin Hwoaie as ee 14,160 kilometeryn kerrinagh (5,470 mi ker) er eaghtyr. Ta Logh Nay, as eh 388 kilometeryn kerrinagh, ny logh smoo ayns ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh. She Slieau Dónairt (849 m) y slieau s'yrjey 'sy çheer.

She yl-vleeantag t'ayn, as t'ee gaase wheesh as 75cm er yrdjid as 60cm er lheead. Ta duillagyn roauyr glass-ghorrym eck, as blaaghyn baney. Ta rass lomarcan gaase ayns fynneig chruinn.

Ansherbee, ta studeyrys liorish faaishneyder yn ard-valley soilshaghey magh nagh vel earrooyn yn inymmyrkey shoh heose barrantoil as va mygeayrt 400,000 sthie-arree gleney 'sy vlein 2005. Ta coreir 'ir quaagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit beggan ny sloo na t'ayns çheeraghyn Oarpagh ennagh elley, ansherbee. Bee yn inymmyrkey daa cheayrt ny smoo harrish y daa yeihaght ry heet gys 9.1 millioonyn, er coontey veih 31 Jerrey Geuree ny bleeaney 2008.

Veih'n 9-oo eash, ren straihyn dy ruegyssyn Loghlynagh craghey mannishteryn as baljyn Yernagh. Chur ny ruegyssyn shen lesh taghyrt cadjin dy chraghey as caggey va ry-gheddyn dy dowin ayns Nerin hannah.
Ta lieh chooid eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit jeant seose jeh Sostyn, as ee 130,410 kilometeryn kerrinagh (50,350 mi ker) er eaghtyr. Çheer injil t'aynjee son y chooid smoo agh ta çheer sleitagh ry gheddyn sheear hwoaie jeh linney Tees-Exe as goaill stiagh Sleityn Cumbria ayns Slyst ny Loghyn, Sleityn Pennine as cruink chlagh eayil ayns Slyst ny Binn, Exmoor as Dartmoor. She y Thaimish, y Severn as y Humber preeu-awinyn as inveryn Hostyn. She Scafell Pike (978 m er yrjid), as eh soit ayns Slyst ny Loghyn, y slieau s'yrjey. Ta ram baljyn as ard-valjyn mooarey ayns Sostyn as, rere Cryssyn Baljagh Mooarey, ta shey jeh ny 50 Cryssyn smoo yn Unnaneys Oarpagh soit aynjee.

Jiu, t'ad ny jiastyn as ny h-organeyn cummit eukaryoteagh Saccharomyces cerevisiae as Schizosaccharomyces pombe smoo ynsaghit as toiggit ayn.

Va brattagh Israel (Ewnish: דגל ישראל Degel Yisrael; Arabish: علم إسرائيل Alam Isra'īl) doltit er 28 Jerrey Fouyir 1948, queig mee lurg seyrsnys y çheer. T'eh soilshaghey magh Rollage Ghavy gorrym er cooylrey bane eddyr daa rimmeig ghorrym cho-chruinnagh. Cha nel meenaghey shickyr ec daah yn ghorrym faagail magh dy lhisagh eh ve dorraghey myr gorrym y speyr. Va'n cummey echey currit sheese er son y Ghleashaght Heionagh 'sy vlein 1891. Ta cummey yn Tallit Ashkenazagh, yn 'illeag phadjeragh Ewagh as daah bane marish rimmeigyn gorrymey urree.

Ayns ny kiare feed as jeigyn anmagh, vooadee ny caslys-skeealyn eddyr-voggyl v'ayn dy tappee, as fir ennoil myr Sluggy Freelance, Roomies! (roie-hagher It's Walky), Piled Higher and Deeper, Newshounds, User Friendly, Penny Arcade as PvP. T'adsyn kuse dy ny fir smoo cummaghtagh t'ayn.

Ren de Heer jiooldey yn eie dy vel eh ny stiureyder bane jannoo skeeal bun-dooghyssagh: "Ta sleih gra, c'red ta fo ny stiureyder bane jannoo skeeal bun-dooghyssagh? T'ad ginsh y skeeal son y chooid smoo, as ta mee my haase daue shen y yannoo."

Ta'n taabyl shoh soilshaghey magh obbyr stronnaghys ayns ny çhengaghyn Celtiagh. Er y fa dy vel cairscreeuyn er lheh ec dagh fer jeu, ta enmyn cadjin currit oc son oardraghey. Ta shen jannoo ny s'assey eh ny çhengaghyn y chosoylaghey. Myr sampleyr, ta çh 'sy Ghaelg casley rish t keyl ayns ny çhengaghyn Gaelgagh elley.
Hoshee yn Çhyndaa Çhynskylagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit lesh co-ghlooaghey toshee er çhynskylyn eddrymey lheid as troggal lhongyn, meaineyrys geayil, obbragh staillin, as çhynskyl ny feederaght. Chroo yn impiraght margey har mooir da troaryn Goaldagh, as eh lhiggey da'n RU jannoo kioneys er traght eddyr-ashoonagh 'sy 19oo eas. Ansherbee, lesh çhynskylaghey çheeraghyn elley, myrane lesh parail tarmaynagh ny yei daa chaggey dowanagh, hoshee yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit e vondeish chohirreydagh y choayl as haghyr parail ayns çhynskyl eddrym veggan as ny veggan, trooid y 20oo eash. Ta'n jantyssaght foast ny chooid trome-cheeallagh y tarmaynys, agh cha row eh coontit agh er son sheyoo y troar ashoonagh 'sy vlein 2003. Ta'n çhynskyl gleashtanagh Goaldagh ny vooar-chooid jeh'n ronney shoh, agh haghyr pareil ayn lesh cohuittym yn MG Rover Group, ansherbee, as ec y traa t'ayn ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n çhynskyl fo shellooderaght colughtyn joarree. She BAE Systems, y colught Oarpagh EADS, shellooder Airbus, ny colughtyn smoo ayns obbragh etlanyn theayagh as coadee. Ta ronney mooar margee jeshaghtyn etlanys y theihill ec Rolls-Royce. Ta'n çhynskyl kemmigagh as potacareeagh lajer 'syn RU, lesh y nah as y sheyoo colught potacareeagh er y theihll, GlaxoSmithKline as AstraZeneca.

She steat ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit eh New Mexico (ny Meksico Noa ny Noa-Veksico). She Santa Fe yn preeu-valley as she Albuquerque y balley smoo 'sy steat.

Ta ny recortyssyn screeuee s'leah er Nerin çheet ass çheer-oaylleeyn classicagh Greagagh-Raueagh. Ta Ptolemy ayns yn Almagest echey çheet er Nerin myr Mikra Brettania (Y Vretyn Veg), ayns cosoylaght rish yn ellan smoo, va enmyssit Megale Brettania echey (Y Vretyn Vooar). Ayns yn obbyr ny s'anmey echey, Geographia, ta Ptolemy çheet er Nerin myr Iwernia as er y Vretyn Vooar myr Albion. Va ny h-enmyn "noa" shen goit ass enmyn dooghyssagh er ny h-ellanyn ec y tra shen. Va ny shenn-enmyn, ayns neu-chosoylaght, crooit roish cur fys dy jeeragh rish sleih ynnydagh. Ren ny Rauee ny s'anmey çheet er Nerin lesh yn ennym shen chammah agh ayns y chummey Ladjynaghey, Hibernia, ny Scotia. Ta Ptolemy recortyssey shey cleinyn jeig va cummal ayns dagh ayrn dy Nerin 'sy vlein 100 BNJ. Cha nel eh baghtal cre'n torçh dy chiangley v'ayn eddyr yn Impiraght Raueagh as ny cleinyn ayns Nerin henndeeagh. Ta screeuyn moyllee er çheu mooie er mayrn çheet ass screeuyn Raueagh, er wheesh dy vel coontyssyn dooghyssagh çheet ass feeleeaght as feayn-skeealleydaght Yernagh. Agh, ta mooarane dy chooinaghyn Raueagh er ny gheddyn ayns Nerin, myr sampleyr ayns Sí an Bhrú.

Eddyr yn obbyr shen ayns ny 1920yn as ny 1970yn cha daghyr monney ayns aavioghey yn çhengey. Va ny kied recortyssyn rheaymyssagh jeant jeh'n çhengey 'sy vlein 1933 liorish yn Olloo Carl J. S. Marstrander veih'n Rheynn Cheltiagh ayns Ollooscoill Oslo, Ren Coimisiún Béaloideasa Éireann ("Commishoon Beeal-Arrish Nerin") (1948) as y Manx Museum Folklife Survey (1949-51) jannoo straih jeh recortyssyn jeh ny Gaelgeyryn jerrinagh. 'Sy vlein 1952 ren Douglas C. Fargher (1926 - 1987) guee er sleih Vannin 'sy phabyr-naight Mona's Herald raad screeu eh:
T'ad ny preeu-stashoonyn ta rollaghit er y yesh; ta ny traenyn stappal ayns ec dagh stashoon agh Stondane, Roonysvaie, Balley Beg as Colby Level. Cha nel ny traenyn stappal ayn agh er yeearree. Va stashoon geearree ynrican ec Ballecostain eddyr Port Soderick as Stondane agh nish t'eh doont. Rish ny bleeantyn shoh chaie va droghad noa troggalit 'sy vlein 2001 ec Meary Veg myr chooid jeh corys sornaigys yl-ellanagh. Ayns ny 1980yn er çheet magh ass Doolish va ny traenyn stappal ec pairk beg cretooryn feie ec stashoon lesh yn ennym Logh yn Edd agh ta'n stashoon shen doont nish.

S'foddee yn 20-oo eash dy vrishey sheese ayns daa rheynn 'sy ghleashaght aavioghey. Ren y chied rheynn 'sy ghleashaght shen sheeyney veih bunneeaght y Çheshaght Ghailckagh ayns 1899 gys ny 1920yn tra ren Mona Douglas cur Aeglagh Vannin er bun as tra va Caarjyn Vannin currit er bun. Ren y nah rheynn sheeyney veih ny 1970yn gys y laa t'ayn nish, lesh staydys oikoil ec y Ghaelg, bunscoillyn Gaelgagh, as nyn lheid. Va'n chied rheynn kianglt rish freayltys y Ghaelg myr çhengey ashoonagh as bio yn Ellan as, dy kinjagh, va Gaelgeyryn dooghyssagh ayn ayns ny bleeantyn shen rere ny coontaghyn-pobble. Ansherbee, va'n nah rheynn 'sy ghleashaght aavioghey kianglt rish pohlldal y Ghaelg as yn aalaanaghey eck.

Cha nel fys shickyr er date baaish y Nornish. Ta ny recortyssyn jerrinagh er ny Nornisheyryn s'jerree çheet magh ass yn 19oo eash. Dy kinjagh, va'n çhengey geddyn baase feeu as 'sy 18oo eash yeianagh. T'eh raait dy nee Fughlaigh as Unst buill s'jerree y Nornish, raad dy row deiney foast ry-gheddyn as abbyrtyn aaloayrtagh 'sy Nornish ry-chlashtyn ec deiney as ad gaaloayrt meeryn ass arraneyn çheerey as daaneyn cho yeianagh as 1893. T'eh raait dy nee Walter Sutherland, hooar baase 'sy vlein 1850, ass Skaw ayns Unst y Nornisheyr s'jerree. Er y laue elley, ren ram focklyn y Nornish tannaghtyn er mayrn gys y laa t'ayn jiu ayns buill-enmyn as ayns çhiarrymyn bentyn rish y ghlasseraght, rish beiyn, rish yn emshir, as rish yn eeasteyraght.
Ta corys leeg sockyr Hostyn goaill stiagh keeadyn dy leegyn eddyr-chianglt as ad jeant seose jeh thousaneyn dy rheynnyn. Ta Preeu-rheynn Hostyn (Premiership) ec baare y leeg ny leeg smoo ard-ghooagh er feie ny cruinney as t'eh feer ennoil 'syn Aishey. Sheese, ta'n Leeg Sockyr (The Football League) jeant seose jeh tree rheynnyn as ta rheynn ashoonagh ec y Football Conference lesh daa leeg ardjynagh artagh. Ny yei shen ta'n structoor ny smoo ardjynagh. Ta clubyn mooarey ennoil lheid as Liverpool, Manchester United, Chelsea, as Arsenal. Va clubyn Sostynagh feer ladoosagh ayns Cohirraghyn Oarpagh lheid as cosneyderyn y Chappan Oarpagh/Leeg Fenee UEFA: Liverpool (queig keayrtyn), Manchester United (tree keayrtyn), Nottingham Forest (daa cheayrt) as Aston Villa. Ta'n Cappan Oarpagh cosnit ec ny smoo clubyn Sostynagh na ec clubyn ass çheeraghyn elley (kiare fwirranyn cosoylagh rish tree ass yn Iddaal, y Ghermaan, as y Çheer Injil). Erskyn ooilley, ta Sostyn 'sy nah rhenk ayns rolley cosneyderyn cappanyn Oarpagh lesh 35 cohirraghyn cosnit oc (ta 36 ec clubyn ny h-Iddaal). Ta cohirrey yn Chappan Oarpagh çheet magh myr eiyrtys speeideilys club Sostynagh elley, Wolverhampton Wanderers noi clubyn Oarpagh mooarey ayns ny 1950yn. She Staid Wembley, lesh soiagyn da 90,000 cronneyderyn, preeu staid spoyrtagh Hostyn.

Ta eaddeeyn ny eaddagh çheet er ny nheeghyn ta deiney ceau dys y corp dy choodaghey, tro ta ry-akin ayns dagh fer dy heshaghtyn deiney noa-emshiragh. She foaynoo myr coadey veih'n emshir y phreeu-chooish d'eaddeeyn. Ta eaddeeyn cooney lesh sauçhys car obbraghyn gaueagh lheid as troagyraght as coagyraght, as ny h-eaddeeyn jannoo seose scarrey eddyr y chrackan as y çhymbyllaght. Ta eaddeeyn kiarail scarrey slayntagh as ad freill foddeeaght eddyr tomaineyn as y corp as cur cagliagh er ym-skeaylley ny bunniagyn.

Rish traa liauyr, cha row monney fys ec çhengoayllee mychione y çhengey. Hug kuse jeu ish ‘sy phossan Chepang, ayns ny çhengaghyn Tibetagh-Burmagh, rere çhengaghyn elley ‘syn ard. V’ad credjal dy row y çhengey marroo as cha nod ad goaill ny smoo fys myekione (ta Ethnologue cur çhengey marroo urree).

Va'n raad yiarn Forsdal, y fer s'girrey er yn ellan, foslit 'sy vlein 1886. V'eh n'er smoo giare-heillagh myrgeddin. Va'n raad doont 'sy vlein 1940. Ec y toshiaght v'eh ny cholught seyr agh 'sy vlein 1905, v'eh covestit lesh Raad Yiarn Hwoaie Vannin gys Rhumsaa. Hannee ny raillaghyn ayns ynnyd derrey 1976, as va recortysyn ayn dy row traenyn er n'gholl sheose y raad derrey 1974. Cha row yn raad agh tree meeillaghyn er lhiurid agh v'eh er irree sheose 1:20 er feie yn raad. Va'n raad currit er bun er son y cohionnal meaineraght lesh shirveishyn troailtee joarit (cha row agh un varroose kionnit ec y shirveish as t'eh foast gobbyr er raad yiarn y jiass, myr F.39). Ta'n stashoon ayns Forsdal foast er ynnyd agh t'eh ayns shellooderaght preevaadjagh, agh lesh arraghey daa ghroghad ayns ny 1970yn, cha bee yn raad aa-oslit 'sy traa ta ry-heet.
She punt Sostynagh, cowrit liorish y chowrey £ argid oikoil yn RU. She Banc Hostyn y banc meanagh as t'eh freggyrtagh er son cur magh yn argid. Ta bancyn ayns Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie freayll kiart noteyn hene y chur magh, as ad smaghtit fo freaylley mie dy liooar noteyn Vanc Hostyn ayns tashtaghyn. Ec launshey yn euro v'eh reiht ec yn RU çheet lesh yn argid shen, as er yn Ard-vinishter Goaldagh, Tony Brown, ta olteynys y phossan argidoil reillt magh lesh ny bleeantyn ry heet. Dooyrt eh dy row eh ny vriwnys kiart da'n Vretyn Vooar as yn Oarpey. Ren reiltys Tony Blair gioal refrane y ghoaill er olteynys y phossan argidoil my vel "queig prowalyn tarmaynagh" er n'gheddyn. Ayns 2005, va 55% sleih-earroo yn RU noi'n argid, as va 30% son yn argid.

She ard as ellan jeh chooid ny h-Iddaal ee yn Tardeen (Iddaalish: Sardegna, Sardeenish: Sardigna ny Sardinnya). She Cagliari preeu-valley ny Sardeen.

Ta Bremen ny hoie mysh 60 km çheu yiass veih inver y Wesen er Mooir Hostyn. Ta'n chaayr Bremerhaven soit er yn inver, as ta'n daa chaayr shen janno seose y steat fo'n ennym cheddin, Bremen (Freie Hansestadt Bremen, "Caayr Heyr Hanseatagh Bremen").

Ta'n Elveeish çhemmit liorish y Ghermaan da'n twoaie, yn Austeyr as Liechtenstein da'n shiar, yn Iddaal da'n jiass, as y Rank da'n sheear. Is çheer yl-hengagh t'aynjee as ta kiare çhengaghyn ashoonagh ayn: Germaanish, Frangish, Iddaalish as Romansh.

Ta cummaghtyn lheeadagh er dagh nhee nagh vel 'freaylt' ec Parlamaid yn RU ec Reiltys as Parlamaid ny h-Albey. Ta ny cumaghtyn shen goaill stiagh nheeghyn lheid as edjaghys, currym slaynt, leigh as gurneilys ynnydagh. Lurg barriaght partee ashoonagh ny h-Albey, Partee Ashoonagh ny h-Albey, ayns reihys Parlamaid ny h-Albey, 2007, va reiltys mynlagh fo reirey yn PAA currit er bun fo stiurey yn 'er toshee, Alex Salmond, as haink er dy ve ny Chied-vinishter.

Va'n Çheshaght Ghailckagh currit er bun ayns 1899 liorish A.W. Moore ry-hoi freayltys as ardjaghey ny Gaelgey, çhengey ghooghyssagh Ellan Vannin. Ta'n çheshaght cur cooney da feaillaghyn lheid as Cooish as y roie-immeeaght eck, Feailley Gaelgagh, as Shennaghys, as da sleih by vie lhieu soilshaghey magh stoo 'sy Ghaelg. She Brian Stowell, screeudeyr as bard ny Gaelgey, ard-screeudeyr ny sheshaght.

She fer jeh ny çhengaghyn Germaanagh Germaanish (Deutsch; focklit magh myr [ˈdɔʏtʃ] ( eaisht)). She çhengey Ghermaanagh Heear ee, gollrish Baarle, Ollanish, as Affrickaanish. She fer jeh ny çhengaghyn smoo loayrit 'sy theihll t'ayn as t'ee coontit myr y chied çhengey ghooghyssagh 'syn Unnaneys Oarpagh. Ta ny smoo na 120 millioon loayrtee eck as t'ee loayrit liorish mysh 80 millioon loayrtee neu-ghooghyssagh. Ta Germaanish chadjinit goll er ynsaghey ayns scoillyn, ollooscoillyn as Undinyssyn Goethe feie yn chruinney.

Ta Skeerey Rosien stiurit as reirit ec Barrantee Skeerey Rosien. T'ad çheet ry-cheilley ec cruinnaghtyn ayns Halley Balley Phesson. She Stanley Ditchfield Clucas Captan ny Skeerey, as she Adrian Tinkler Caairliagh ny Barrantee.

Ta'n verrish rangagh ghlass (Ribes glandulosum) ny h-oltey jeh'n ghenus Ribes 'sy chynney Grossulariaceae (myrane lesh y verrish ghlass, y verrish ghoo as y verrish yiarg).
Ta Domhnach Cairnigh ny Domhnach Cearnaigh (Baarle: Donacarney) ny valley beg ayns shiar Choontae ny Mee, Nerin, er gerrey da'n joarey rish Coontae Lhoo. T'eh soit er gerrey da Baile Uí Mhornáin as queig kilomeadaryn veih çheshvean Ghroghad Aah. Ta keeill Chatoleagh, daa scoill, as thie lhionney 'sy valley beg. Ta daa valley eirinagh 'syn ard shen as ad enmyssit Domhnach Cairnigh Mór ("Doonagh Cairneach Mooar") as Domhnach Cairnigh Beag ("Doonagh Cairneach Beg").

Ta Purt Aer Dong Hoi (IATA: VDH, ICAO: VVDH), ny Purt Aer Đồng Hới, ny purt aeragh ayns commyoon Loc Ninh, 6 km çheu hwoaie veih Dong Hoi, preeu-valley queiggey Quang Binh, y Vietnam. Ta shirveishyn skedjallit ec y phurt aer dys y Hanoi as Caayr Ho Chi Minh.

Ta gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Bretin jeant seose jeh 22 choonseil unnaneagh, goaill stiagh ard-valjyn Cayr Deeth, Abertawe as Casnewydd, as ad nyn goonseilyn ynnydagh lheu hene. Ta reihysyn ayn dagh kiare bleeaney liorish voteyn singil neu-astreeaghey. Va ny reihysyn jerrinagh ayns Mee Voaldyn ny bleeaney 2008. Ta Sheshaght Gurneilys Ynnydagh Vretin soiaghey magh parteeasyn ny coonseilyn ynnydagh ayns Bretin.

By Aspick Anglicaanagh Sodor as Mannin eddyr ny bleeantyn 1604/1605 as 1633 eh John Phillips (m. 1555 - 7 Luanistyn 1633). Ta enney mooar er Phillips er-yn-oyr dy nee eshyn ren screeu sheese yn Ghaelg.

She steat ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit eh New Hampshire. T'eh çhemmit liorish Massachusetts da'n jiass, Vermont da'n sheear, Maine da'n shiar, as Québec da'n twoaie. She Concord y preeu-valley agh she Manchester y balley smoo.

Va reill Sostynagh aaniartit as bishit 'sy 16-oo eash, ansherbee, as ren eh shen leeideil gys aaghoaill Hiudaragh Nerin. Va ruegys begnagh slane cooilleenit roish toshiaght y 17-oo eash lurg Caggey ny Nuy Bleeaney as Immeeaght ny h-Eearlaghyn. Va'n gurneil shen niartit car ny caggaghyn (lheid as Caggaghyn ny Tree Reeriaghtyn as y Caggey Illiamagh) as y choloinaghey Sostynagh as Albinagh (Plandailyn Nerin) 'sy 17-oo eash. T'eh er credjal dy hooar 20,000 sidooryn Yernagh baase car Caggey ny Tree Reeriaghtyn, as t'eh oolit dy hooar 200,000 shivoilee baase myr eiyrtys er cochiangle jeh gonney, scughey, gastid cheylley as paitt car y chaggey. Va 16,000 shivoilee elley prowit as shiaullit myr sleabyn gys ny h-Injyn Sheear. Ta screeuderyn shennaghys ennagh gooley dy hooar seose gys lieh-chooid dy sleih-earroo Nerin baase myr eiyrtys jeh'n chaggey.

Ta blaaghyn baney-jiarg echey ayns umbyl. T'ad goll er pollnaghey liorish shellanyn. Ta ny messyn echey caulgagh, as t'ad croghey er eaddee as fynney dys skeaylley ny rassinyn echey. Ta duillagyn babbanagh-duillageenagh echey.

Ta Jilin (Sheenish: 吉林; pinyin: Jílín; Wade-Giles: Chi-lin; Manchu: ᡤᡳᡵᡳᠨ ᡠᠯᠠ Girin ula) ny queiggey ayns Deynphobblaght ny Sheen. T'ee soit ayns sheear hwoaie ny çheerey as t'ee çhemmit liorish y Chorea Twoaie as y Roosh da'n shiar, Heilongjiang da'n twoaie, Liaoning da'n jiass, as y Vongoil Sthie.

Ta ny h-eaystyn Telesto as Calypso soit çheusthie dy ny poyntyn Lagrange L4 as L5 60 keimyn er y chione as ny yei Tethys as çheusthie y chruinlee.
Ta Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow, ta soit 24 km (15 mi) eear veih'n phreeu-valley, ny purt aeragh smoo tarrooagh 'syn RU as ta ny smoo troailtee eddyr-ashoonagh aynjee na t'ayns purt aeragh elley erbee er feie ny cruinney.

She caayr Hanseatagh ayns sheear hwoaie yn Ghermaan ee Baljaght Chaayragh Bremen (Germaanish: Stadtgemeinde Bremen, focklit magh myr [ˈbʁeːmən] ( eaisht)). She caayr hraghtee as hynskylagh t'aynjee as purt vooar eck ee. T'ee ny soie er yn awin Weser. She cooid jeh'n ard moirvaljagh Bremen-Oldenburg as mysh 2.4 villioon deiney cummal ayn. She Bremen y jeihoo caayr smoo 'sy Ghermaan as y nah chaayr smoo ayns twoaie yn çheer.

Ta Helsinki, myrane lesh ny baljyn gerroil Vantaa (Vanda), Espoo (Esbo), as Kauniainen (Grankulla), jannoo seose yn ard preeu-valjagh lesh ny smoo na millioon cummaltee ayn. Ta Helsinki Vooar jeant seose jeh 12 valjaght as ta ny smoo na 1,300,000 cummaltee ayn. Ta kiarroo pobble ny çheerey ayn, myrane lesh 29% ny kiartagyn, as un trass jeh LTS.

By eh Spike Milligan ard-chrooder as ard-screeudeyr y chlaare. Ren ny screeuyn mestey co-chialgyn gannidagh marish aittys far-rieughagh, raaghyn daa foyragh, raaghyn tayrnagh, as ym-yiense dy chowryn-sheean anoayshagh. Ren fir jeh ny h-episodeyn ny s'anmey ymmyd jeh cowryn lectraneagh v'er nyn gummey ec y BBC Radiophonic Workshop aeg, as va chooid vooar jeu aa-ymmydit liorish claareeyn elley harrish jeihaghtyn nyn lurg. Ren meeryn jeh'n chlaare skittal er y theihll co-emshyragh 'sy Vretyn Vooar, as ad goaill arrish er reayrtyssyn jeh'n dellal chloie, jeh'n chochionneeaght, jeh'n çhynskyl, jeh ny h-ellynyn, jeh'n pholitickaght, jeh'n çheshaght chaggee, jeh'n ynsagh, jeh strughtoor keint, jeh'n lettyraght as jeh scannaneyn.

Ta'n neuchaslid kynneeagh anchasley harrish yn RU. Ayns Mean Souree ny bleeaney 2005, rere oolaghyn she possanyn kynneeagh neu-vaney 30.4% sleih-earroo Lunnin as 37.4% sleih-earroo Leicester, raad nagh vel agh 5% sleih-earrooyn Hiar Hwoaie Hostyn, Vretin as Heear Yiass Hostyn jeh mynlee kynneeagh rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001. 'Sy vlein 2007, va 22% scollagyn ny bun-scoillyn as 17.7% scollagyn ny mean-scoillyn ayns scoillyn pohlldit Hostyn jeh sluight kynneeagh mynlagh.

Ta bun-sylem çheet er sylem ta jeant ass procambium rish aase toshee lossreeyn. T'ee goaill stiagh protosylem as metasylem; ta cuishlinyn as tracheidjyn metasylem ny shlea na adsyn t'ec protosylem.

Ta Gaeltacht Dhún na nGall, ny Gaeltaght Ghoon ny Ghoal, soit da'n chooid smoo ayns sheear y choontae rish y vooir, as t'ee ny Gaeltacht smoo ayns Nerin. Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2006, va 23,783 cummaltee ayn, earroo ta jannoo seose 25% jeh sleih-earroo slane ny Gaeltacht. Ta'n Ghaeltacht 1,502 km² er eaghtyr, as she unnane yn earroo shen as 26% jeh thalloo ooilley ny Gaeltacht. Ta tree skeeraghyn jannoo seose ny preeu-vuill chummaltit 'sy Ghaeltacht - na Rosa, Gaoth Dobhair, as Cloich Cheann Fhaola. Myrane lesh ny skeeraghyn shen, ta'n Ghaeltacht goaill stiagh ny baljyn beggey Gleann Cholm Cille, Cill Charthaigh, na Gleannta, Baile na Finne, An Clochán Liath, Ailt an Chorráin, an Bun Beag, Gort a' Choirce, as an Fál Carrach, as ny h-ellanyn Aran Vooar as Toraigh.
She lus 'sy chynney Asteraceae eh cardoon (Cynara cardunculus). She mooinjer dooghyssagh onnane vlasstal t'ayn, as shimmey troarag t'echey. T'eh dooghyssagh da'n Oarpey heear as Meanvooiragh.

Ta'n Euar ny valley ayns Nerin Hwoaie (Yernish: Iúr Cinn Trá ny An tIúr, Baarle: Newry). Ta'n valley lieh soit ayns Coontae yn Dooin as lieh soit ayns Coontae Ard Maghey.

Ny yei shen, da'n chooid smoo jeh ellyneyr, she obbyr graih jannoo caslys-skeeal eddyr-voggyl, cha nee caa cosney argid. T'ad geeck da ny cooid ellyn, cummal seose er reireyder as baarailyn elley oc hene, gyn goaill monney cur stiagh ayn. Da ellyneyr ta geeck da'n cummal seose oc hene, ta lheead-boandey ny nhee mooar. Myr smoo ellynoil yn caslys-skeeal eddyr-voggyl, smoo deyr y cummal seose jeh. Ta ymmodee buill cummal seose caslys-skeeal eddyr-voggyl ayn: ta kuse jeu seyr agh shegin dhyt soilsheen y ghoaill stiagh; fir elley, t'ou geeck daue as nagh vel soilsheen oc. Dy mennick, ta ny buill cur dhyt cooid vog son dy leodaghey feme fys çhaghnagh ec sleih cur bun er caslys-skeeal eddyr-voggyl as ny duillagyn bentyn rish.

Ta Screeudeyr y Steat ry hoi Lhiennoo, Scoillyn as Lught-thie as Screeudeyr y Steat ry hoi Noaid, Ollooscoillyn as Schleiyn freggyrtagh son edjaghys ayns Sostyn, agh ta Lught-reill Ynnydagh Ynsee freggyrtagh ry hoi stiurey laa dy laa as argid. Va edjaghys steat cadjin currit stiagh ayns Sostyn as Bretin 'sy vlein 1870 da scollagyn ny bunscoillyn as 'sy vlein 1900 da scollagyn ny meanscoillyn. Ta'n edjaghys anneydagh da scollagyn eddyr queig bleeaney as shey bleeaney jeig d'eash (15 my vel ad ruggit ayns Jerrey Souree jeianagh ny Luanistyn). Ta'n chooid smoo dy scollagyn ynsit ayns scoillyn y steat, as coreir beg jeu reih scoillyn er bun ablid acadoil. Faagail magh dy row parail ayns earrooyn ny scollagyn as ad goll gys scoillyn preevaadjagh, ta coreir scollagyn ayns Sostyn ayns ny scoillyn shen ny yei er heet ny smoo na 7%. Va beggan ny smoo na lieh-chooid dy scollagyn ny h-ollooscoillyn Chambridge as Aah yn Ollee nyn eear-scollagyn scoillyn y steat. Ta shiartanse dy ny h-ollooscoillyn share er y theihll ayns Sostyn; ta Ollooscoill Chambridge, Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee, as Ollooscoill Lunnin rang-oardit mastey ny 20 ollooscoilyn share ayns THES - QS World University Rankings ny bleeaney 2007. Ansherbee, rere parail ayns earrooyn ny scollagyn ta gynsaghey çhengaghyn joarree, ta aggle ayn dy beagh eiyrtys jiooldagh er dellal, as nish ta yllee ayn tosheeaght ny smoo dy chur er çhengaghyn.

Leodee creck chaslys-earishlioaryn dy tappee ayns mean ny 1990yn, as hooar ymmodee shappyn baase. Ga dy vel ad loayrt er soilsheyderyn ard-feniagh myr Marvel as DC myr caslys-skeealyn “cadjin”, cha nel ad nyn gummey ym-fysseree myr dy row ad roish.

Ta cowraghyn cadjin goaill stiagh creddal beayn as shelley folley, çhiassaghey, ro-chur magh ollish 'syn oie, as coayl trimmid. Ta soiaghey er organeyn elley cur cowraghey elley orroo. Ta faaishnys-enn croghey er radio-oaylleeaght (caslys scell-X cleeau dy cadjin), prowal Mantoux, prowal folley as scrutaghey as aase mynvioee ass ushlaghtyn callinagh.
Ta'n Agglish Albinagh (enmyssit dy neuformoil myr y Kirk), quoi va scarrit magh veih'n Raue ayns 1560 (jeeagh er Calveenaghys as Aachummey ny h-Albey) ny h-agglish Phresbyteyragh, as t'ee er enney myr agglish ashoonagh ny h-Albey, as cha nel ee fo smaght y steat. Ta'n venrein ny h-oltey chadjin jeh'n Agglish, as ta shirreydys urree guee er shickyrys ny h-Agglish y choadey ec y chrooinaghey. Ta Agglish Aspickagh ny h-Albey, quoi ta ny cooid jeh'n Chommeeys Anglicaanagh, goaill toshiaght veih bunneeaght yerrinagh ny Presbyteyraght ayns Nalbin ayns 1690 nar v'ee rheynnit magh veih'n Agglish Albinagh, as cha nel ee ny 'fo-agglish' Agglish Hostyn. Myr eiyrtys skeiltyn elley 'syn Agglish Albinagh, 'sy nuyoo eash jeig er lheh, va agglishyn Presbyteyragh anchasley elley, goaill stiagh Agglish Heyr ny h-Albey, currit er bun.

1877 - Ny Caggaghyn Injinagh: Hie possan dy Lakȟóta stiagh gys y Chanadey fo stiurey Tȟatȟáŋka Íyotake dy haghney yn braggyrtys liorish Armee ny Steatyn Unnaneysit fo'n Churnal Nelson Miles.

Ayns mean ny 1980yn, soilshee magh DC Comics daa straih beagh jannoo er y çhynskyl dy trome, Batman: The Dark Knight Returns as Watchmen. V’ad ennoil as ghow ad ram tastey veih ny ym-fysseree cadjin; ry-cheilley marish caghlaaghyn sheshoil, haink blass ny s’appee, ny s’dorree er caslys-earishlioaryn. Myr sampleyr, haink noi-feniee myr Wolverine y ve ennoil, as va blass s’dorree er kuse dy soilsheyderyn neuchroghey myr First Comics as Dark Horse Comics. Va’n dorraghys as neunheeys ry-akin ayns skeealyn DC hie er fograghey dy trome, myr "A Death in the Family" ayns y straih Batman (as ayn, ta cooneyder Batman Robin goll er marroo liorish The Joker). Marvel, as y straih X-Men oc ennoil dy liooar, v’ad cur magh skeealyn mychione kynney-ghunverys jeh “caghlaaderyn” as ard-pooaryn oc, cosoylaghey tranlaase crauee ny kynneeagh.

Cha nel Bretin agh 20,758 kilometeryn kerrinagh (8,010 mi ker) er eaghtyr, ny jeihoo eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Çheer sleitagh t'aynjee son y chooid smoo, agh cha nel Bretin Jiass cho sleitagh na myr t'ayns y twoaie. Ta ny preeu-ardjyn çhynskylagh as y chooid smoo dy chummaltee ayns jiass Vretin, as ee goaill stiagh baljyn slystagh lheid as Cayr Deeth (preeu-valley as ynnyd politickagh as tarmaynagh), Abertawe, Casnewydd as Glionyn Vretin Yiass. Ta ny sleityn s'yrjey ayns Bretin ayns Eryri (Baarle: Snowdonia) as t'ad goaill stiagh yr Wyddfa as eh 1,085 m er yrjid - y slieau s'yrjey ayns Bretin. Ta ny smoo na 1,200 km (750 mi) oirr ny marrey ec Bretin. Ta shiartanse ellanyn magh ass mooarheer Vretin, as t'eh Moan (Bretnish: Ynys Môn, Baarle: Anglesey) yn ellan smoo as eh soit sheear hwoaie veih'n çheer.
Dee ad cardoon 'sy Çhenn Ghreag, 'sy Çhenn Raue as 'sy Çhenn Phershagh. Ta feanish ayn jeh'n cherroo eash RJC liorish Theophrastus, myr κάκτος (Ladjyn: cactus), agh cha nel enney y lus shen cruinn. V'eh ry-akin 'syn Oarpey mean-eashagh as jeianagh leah, as ayns America rish amm ny coloinyn. Hie eh ass fashan anmagh 'sy 19oo eash, agh t'eh goll er troarey foast 'sy Rank, y Spaainey as yn Iddaal. Ayns ard Geneva, ta troarag ynnydagh 'Argenté de Genève' ('Cardy') ny sur-vee ynnydagh. T'eh cadjin dy liooar 'syn Affrick hwoaie, ayns couscous Algeeragh as Tooneeshagh.

Ta fys ain dy row anchaslys mooar eddyr moaadys ny kialteenyn, ga dy row ny cummaghyn oc casley rish y cheilley.Ren Carl J. S. Marstrander, ny olloo Loghlynnagh, towshan smoo ny kialteenyn ayns ny 1930yn. Rere eh: "Ta mooadys 10 trieyn x 6 trieyn ec çheusthie Cheeill Vallachrink ayns Marooney. Er lhimmey jeh shen foddee ad ve 23 trieyn x 13 trieyn (Keeill Vian, Lonan), eer 57 trieyn × 18 trieyn (St Patrick's Chapel, Ellan Noo Pherrick), ny 75 trieyn × 24 trieyn (St. Trinian's, Marooney). Ta ny boallaghyn oc eddyr 2 hrie 4 oarleeyn as 4 trieyn 8 oarleeyn, as cleigh thallooin as cloaie coadey ad, 2-5 trieyn er yrjid, 4-10 trieyn er diunid... Ta cummey kiare-chuilleigagh oc, gyn rheynn erbee eddyr carrick as corp ny killag. Ta'n dorrys keyl cour y chione echey, as soit 'sy ghaabyl sheear son y chooid smoo. Cha nel agh un uinnag dy cadjin, as eshyn mysh 2-3 trieyn harrish y laare. Ta'n altar rish y voalley shiar, as cha nel eh agh 2 hrie er yrkid."

She rollage naeearaneagh çhyndaaee ta feer vagnaidit ee rollage vuillagh. T'eh cur magh scellyn jeh'n goulraght lectrovagnaidagh. Cha nel ny skellyn shen ry-akin er y Dowan mannagh vel ad çheet jeeragh hooin, cosoylagh rish sollys thieyn sollysh. 'Syn aght shen, ta cummey yn rollage cosoylagh rish rollage ta builley. Ta rollageyn naeearaneagh feer ghloo as ta ammyn çhyndaaee cadjin as giarey oc. Ta'n aght shen gientyn eddyrcheimyn feer chiart eddyr ny buillaghyn as ad eddyr millihullee as thullee er lhiurid da rollage er lheh.

Angiospermae: shimmey dooie angiospermagh t'ayn. Cha nel fo-hylem erbee ec ny monocotyn, agh t'eh ry-akin ayns possanyn elley. Ta fo-hylem ayn ny dyn rere dooie, as ny keayrtyn rere çhymbyllaght aase hene; t'eh ec y derrey villey, agh cha nel ec y billey elley 'sy dooie cheddin. Cha nel strughtooryn fo-hylem ny caghlaaghyn dooie casley rish y cheilley. Ta fo-hylem biljyn angiospermagh goll er creck myr fuygh creoi.

Haghyr beggan aachummey lesh shen, myr sampleyr, cur traa oik soit dy hiaght bleeantyn er yn oik, as aachummey y Choonceil Slattyssagh liorish cur stiagh fir er nyn reih ec y Chiare as Feed (lesh thannaghey cummaght y Lhiass-chiannoort orroo). Agh cha jagh ny pooaryn oc er injillaghey monney derrey ny 1960yn. Haghyr adsyn kyndagh rish brialtys er bunraght Ellan Vannin, er ny chur er bun liorish Lhiass-chiannoort Dundas ayns 1958. Ghow adsyn stiagh:
Hie ny baljyn Y Wig (Wick), Sant-y-brid (St Brides Major) as Ewenny dys y valley corpagh Bro Morgannwg, as hie Pentyrch dys Cayr Deeth. Myr shen, haink ad dy ve ayns y choontae freilt De Morgannwg. Ayns 2003 ren ad caghlaa creeaghyn y choontae freilt, as myr shen, ta Caerffili ooilley ayns Gwent.

Yn Eash Ooha, ghow eh toshiaght mysh 1970 as va ymmodee caghlaaghyn da caslys-earishlioaryn Americaanagh, ga nagh row dagh earishlioar nyn jannoo ec y traa cheddin. Ren ny caghlaaghyn goaill stiagh:

Va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit cummaghtagh ayns lhiasaghey ny scannaneaght, lesh Ealing Studios gaggyrt dy vel ad nyn seyrlanyn shinney er y theihll. Faagail magh dy vel shennaghys fillmyn scanshoil as ladoosagh 'syn RU, ta'n çhynskyl cowrit lesh resoonaght veayn er yn enney echey, as cleayney ny scannaneaght Americaanagh as Oarpagh.

Ta'n skeeal mooie, bentyn rish Dayindi, doo as bane, agh ta skeeal ny shennayraghyn lane daahit. T'ad loayrt abbyrtyn Yolŋu Matha, lesh fo-heidylyn, as ta'n insheyder loayrt Baarle.

Ta Mooir ny Tasmaan ny Mooir y Tasman (Baarle: Tasman Sea, Maorish: Te Tai-o-Rehua) ny mooir eddyr yn Austrail as y Teelynn Noa. T'ee ny rheynn jeh'n Cheayn Sheealtagh Jiass ta enmyssit ayns onnor y ronseyder Ollanagh Abel Janszoon Tasman, y chied Oarpagh ren feddyn magh y Teelynn Noa as y Tasmaan. Ta'n vooir mysh 2,000 km er lheead as 2,800 km veih'n twoaie gys y jiass.

Ta Conaant Veeal Feirshtey 1998 cour rish co-obbraghey politickagh eddyr y daa reiltys. Ta'n Choonseil Hirveishagh Hwoaie-Yiass, va currit er bun fo conaantyn y Chonaant, ny h-undinys raad dy vel shirveishee reiltysagh veih'n jiass as veih'n twoaie jargal çheet ry-cheilley dys polaaseyn ooilley-ellanagh dy chur er bun as dy chur ayns focklyn ayns daa "ard co-obbraghey" jeig lheid as eirinys, y çhymmyltaght as arraghey. Ta "bingyn cooilleenaght" ooilley-ellanagh ec shey jeh ny h-ardjyn shen. Myr sampleyr, ta sauçhys bee stiurit ec y Food Safety Promotion Board as ta Tourism Ireland geddyn margey da'n ellan er feie. Ta tree parteeghyn politickagh mooarey, Sinn Féin, Partee Glass Nerin as, er y gherrid, Fianna Fáil reaghit er bunneydys ooilley-ellanagh. Cha nel agh soiagyn ec Sinn Féin ayns y daa reiltys, ansherbee.

Hie yn ellan stiagh ayns laueyn ny Norlynee tra va Reeriaght Vannin as ny h-Ellanyn currit er bun 'sy vlein 1079, as hoshee lhing noa jeh neu-chrogheydys, seyr veih ny Gaeil elley, as seyr veih cummaghtyn joarree elley, fo reirey yn ree Gorree Crovan. 'Sy lhing shen va'n Ghaelg shickyr veih cleaynaghyn joarree as bree er y çhengey veih çhengaghyn elley. Agh haink jerrey lesh y çhickyrys shen tra hooar y ree Magnus III baase 'sy vlein 1265. Lurg y baase echey, hie yn reeriaght stiagh ayns laueyn Alistair III ny h-Albey, as harrish y daa cheead-bleeaney shen ny lurg, hie yn ellan eddyr laueyn ny h-Albinee as ny Sostynee. 'Syn eash shen, dirree yn Ghaelg magh ass ny çhengaghyn Gaelgagh elley myr çhengey er lheh.
Ta ram fungysyn troarey tomaineyn, noi-vaaghyn as fo-hoesyn. Myr sampleyr, ren Abraham Joffe studeyrys rheamyssagh er y chynney yl-çheeragh Fusarium as nyn domaineyn cochianglt lesh brishaghyn magh aleukia nieunagh y vee ayns y phobble. Ta fungysyn bunneydagh son bea ny cruinney myr shimbontyn, m.s. myr mycorrhizae, shimbontyn beisteigyn as scryssyn, as er son nyn drioshid as ad scryssey co-vreneenyn bea orgaanagh lhied as lignin, y co-oltagh foiee smoo beayn, as myr goal-vaaghyn, keim trome-chooishagh ayns çhymshal carboan ny cruinney.

Ren ny kied deiney cummal ayns Nerin mychione 9,000 bleeantyn er dy henney, agh cha nel mooarane fys er enney ain mychione ny cummaltee henn-chlaghagh ny noalittagh. Ta ronsaghey gien-oaylleeagh 'sy vlein 2004 coyrlaghey dy daink ny kied chummaltee dys yn ellan as ad çheet harrish ny sheelogheyn rish coose y Cheayn Sheears veih'n Spaainey. Rere sheiltynyssyn ny s'leah, haink ad veih'n Oarpey veanagh. Ta recortyssyn shendeeagh as caardyssagh goaill baght er beays dussanyn dy chynneeyn eigsoylagh foddee v'ad feayn-skeealleydagh ny firrinagh, lheid as ny Cruthinee, ny h-Attacotti, ny Conmaicne, ny h-Eóganachta, ny h-Érainn, as ny Soghain, mastey kynneeyn elley. Harrish y 1,000 bleeaney jerrinagh haink ny Loghlynee, ny Normanee, ny h-Albinee, as ny Sostynee as ad cur lesh y phobble dooghyssagh.

Ta Nerin (Yernish: Éire, Baarle: Ireland, Ullanish: Airlann) yn trass ellan smoo 'syn Oarpey as ny feedoo ellan smoo 'sy Chruinney. T'ee ny soie ayns sheear hwoaie ny h-Oarpey as t'ee cruinnit lesh keeadyn dy ellanyn as ellaneenyn. Ta'n Vretyn Vooar soit da'n shiar as ish scarrit veih Nerin liorish Mooir Vannin. Ta Pobblaght Nerin coodaghey 5/6 dy eaghtyr yn ellan. Ta Nerin Hwoaie, cooid jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit, coodaghey'n chooid elley, as t'ee ny soie ayns shiar hwoaie yn ellan. Ta'n ellan jeant seose jeh cruink as sleityn injil ta cruinnlaghey strah rea lheeadagh as ta awinyn yn-shiaulley sheeyney stiagh çheu sthie. Ta glasseraght rank 'syn ellan - troar jeh'n speyr faarkagh vog ayn. Va çheshvean yn ellan coodit liorish keylljyn gloo derrey ny 1600yn agh jiu t'ee ny h-ard smoo jee-cheyllit 'syn Oarpey. Ta shey sheeintee ghooghyssagh as feed ayns Nerin. Ta'n shynnagh ruy, yn arkan sonney, as y broc so-akin dy mennick, agh ta'n mwaagh Yernagh, y feeaih ruy as kiyt ny miljyn ry-gheddyn chammah.

Ta juyssyn dooghyssagh da cooid smoo ny Lieh-chruinney Hwoaie. 'syn Aishey as yn Europey, t'ad ry-akin eddyr ny h-Ellanyn Canaaaragh as Nalbin 'sy çheear dys yn Roosh as ny h-Ellanyn Philippeenagh 'sy çhiar. Ta juys Albinagh cummal dys 70°N ayns Norlynn, Soolynn as Finnlynn, as juys beg Shibbeyragh 'syn Çhibbeyr. 'syn Affrick, ta fer jeu, Juys Sumatragh, cummal eer fo'n yn Meanchiarkyl dys 2°S. 'syn America Hwoaie, t'ad ry-akin eddyr 66°N 'syn Chanadey dys 12°N 'syn Nickeraag (Juys Caribagh). Ta'n neuchaslid smoo eddyr oc ry-akin ayns Meksico as California.
Va'n Isle of Man Bank Limited (Gaelg: Banc Ellan Vannin, Çhiarmaanit) currit er bun er 26 Jerrey Fouyir 1865. By eh yn chied cholught çhiarmaanit va currit er bun lurg y clattys noa, yn Companies Act 1865, as y slattys shen lhiggey da bunneeaght ny sorçhyn shen dy cholughtyn er yn Ellan. Va'n banc kionnit ec yn National Provincial Bank 'sy vlein 1961, as hie eh stiagh 'sy Royal Bank of Scotland Group 'sy vlein 2000 myr cooid jeh NatWest.

She yn ennym ta currit er ard cultooragh ny Saamee eh Sápmi. T'eh ny hoie 'syn Oarpey my hwoaie as t'eh goaill stiagh ardjyn ayns Norlynn, 'sy Toolynn, ayns Finnlynn as 'sy Roosh. She Sápmi yn ennym smoo cadjin er yn ard, agh ta ny Saamee Julev cur Sábme er, as ta ny Saamee Yiassagh cur Saemie er. Ta'n ennym Norlynnish as Soolynnish Sameland currit er keayrtyn.

Ta mooadys eddyr 1 as 10 (μm) oc. Ta mitochondria giennaghtyn y chooid smoo jeh adenosine triphosphate (ATP) y chillag, as ta killagyn jannoo ymmyd jeh myr bun bree kemmigagh. Chammah's giennaghtyn bree, ta laue mitochondria ayns obbraghyn elley, goaill stiagh cowraghey, rheynn killag, apoptosis, as stiurey aase y chillag. Ta shiartanse dy çhingyssyn deiney bentyn rish mitochondria goaill stiagh meeobbraghey y chree.

Ta fliughane-oaylleeaght ny studeyrys er fungysyn, nyn droyn gie-oaylleeagh as bea-chemmigagh, nyn dacsonomeeaght, as yn ymmyd da deiney myr sponk, medshin (m.s. penisillin), bee (m.s. lhune, feeyn, caashey, fliughaneyn eeagh) as entheogen, as er y danjeyr lhieu, lhied as pyshoonaght as doghan. Dirree yn lus-phatoaylleeaght, studeyrys er gorlaghyn lus, ass fliughane-oaylleeaght, as ta'n daa jeu foast faggys-vooinjeragh. She fliughane-oayllee dooiney ta jannoo studeyrys er fliughane-oaylleeaght.

Ayns ny Mean Eashyn dy lheah, v'eh Vasconia yn ennym va currit er y thalloo eddyr ny h-awinyn Ebro as Garonne. Ny keayrtyn, va'n thalloo unnaneysit fo duicyn Vasconia. Ny yei ruegysyn ny Mooree as mooadaghey ny Frankee fo Çhalse Mooar, va'n thalloo brisht as haink er Reeriaght Phamplona dy ve n'ard-steat ayns y 9oo eash.

Hie eh er astyrt, marish y choyrle choontae, er 1 Averil 1996, rere'n Local Government (Wales) Act 1994. Rheynn ee ayns kiare: Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr, Merthyr Tudful, Rhondda Cynon Taf as rheynn dy Chaerffili.

She bluckaneyrys Gaelgagh y spoyrt smoo cadjin ayns Nerin rere cronneyderyn as cassey co-phobbylagh, as t'eh jannoo seose 34% jeh frastylyn spoyrt lane ec taghyrtyn ayns Nerin as harrish mooir, as ta'n immanaght çheet ny yei as ee jannoo seose 23%. Ta soccer 'sy trass ynnyd lesh 16% dy chronneyderyn as ta ruggyr 'sy cherroo ynnyd 8%. She Kione-chloie Bluckaneyrys Ooilley-Nerin y taghyrt spoyrt smoo fakinit ayns feaillere spoyrtoil Nerin. T'ad snaue, golf, aeroabee, soccer, bluckaneyrys Gaelgagh as snooker ny spoyrtyn lesh y commeeys cloie s'yrjey. She soccer y spoyrt smoo cadjin ta goaill stiagh fwirranyn eddyrashoonagh.

Ta dooie elley ass Acrasida, Plasmodiophorida, Labyrinthulomycota as Fonticula currit marish lheeahidyn glooie ny keayrtyn. Cha nel rang-oardraghey baghtal ayn.
Ta cassey yn reiltys 'sy tarmaynys fo stiurey Shansyleyr y Rheynn Argidys (Alistair Darling ec y traa t'ayn) as eh ny 'er toshee er Staaitchishtey yn AO, agh ta'n Ard-vinishter (Gordon Brown, MP ec y traa t'ayn) ny Chied-hiarn y Staaitchishtey; ta Shansyleyr y Rheynn Argidys ny Nah-hiarn y Staaitchishtey. Ayns ny bleeantyn jerrinagh, va'n RU stiurit ayns freggyrtys lesh prinsabylyn feoiltaghey margee as keeshyn as curmaghey injil. Veih'n vlein 1997, ta Bing Pholasee Argidoil Vanc Hostyn, fo stiurey Chiannoort Vanc Hostyn, freggyrtagh son lhie leahysyn use ec cormidyn as ad ymmyrçhagh dy chooilleeney lane deanyn bolgey da'n tarmaynys. Ta ny leahysyn shen currit nyn lhie ec y Shansyler dagh blein. Ta Reiltys ny h-Albey, rere lowal rish Parlamaid ny h-Albey, abyl leahys bunneydagh keeshyn er çheet stiagh ry-eeck ayns Nalbin y chaghlaa rere 3 pingyn ny smoo ny ny sloo 'sy phunt, agh cha row y cummaght shen cliaghtit derrey yn laa t'ayn.

Ta docamadyn veih'n 6oo gys y 8oo eash BNJ gra dy nee çhengey ny smoo shenn-emshiragh v'ayn 'sy Tocharish A as dy row ee ymmydit myr çhengey liturgagh y Vuddaghys, tra va'n Tocharish B loayrit ny smoo lheeadagh veih Turfan 'sy niar gys Tumshuq 'sy neear. Neuchosoylagh rish y Takish Chotanagh, çhengey Eeraanagh Heear veih'n çheu yiass jeh Awintragh Tarim, haink jerrey lesh ny çhengaghyn Tocharagh lurg haink ny h-eggyssyn Uyghuragh Turkagh stiagh 'syn awintragh 'sy 9oo eash BNJ.

Ta Colleish Chiaullee Detmold (Germaanish: Hochschule für Musik Detmold) coontit myr fer jeh ny scoillyn ciaullee as keim ollooscoill oc 'sy Ghermaan. T'ee soit ayns Detmold, y Ghermaan. Ta'n cholleish çhebbal keimyn ayns cummey kiaull, ayns greieyn kiaullaneagh, pianney, goo, kiaulldramey, as stiurey, myrane lesh keimyn 'sy chiaull chillagh as ynsagh kiaullee.

Ta 78 OAEyn ec y Reeriaght Unnaneysit ayns ard-reihysyn da Ard-whaiyl ny h-Oarpey as t'ad reiht ayns 12 co-heiyderysyn. Va feyshtyn er seyrsnys yn RU currit er oaie rere olteynys ny çheerey 'syn Unnaneys Oarpagh.

Ta reiltys ny kiannoortys ec Bretin, Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie, as t'ad fo stiurey Kied-vinishter, as quaiyl un-hamyragh jee-veanit. Cha nel kiannoortys ny quaiyl jee-veanit ec Sostyn, y çheer smoo 'syn RU, as t'ee jeeragh fo reirey reiltys as parlamaid yn RU ayns dagh keisht. Ta'n stayd shen enmyssit myr Feysht Lodainn Heear as eh mychione y nhee dy vel OAyn veih Bretin, Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie abyl votal, dy briwnyssagh ny keayrtyn, er nheeghyn bentyn rish Sostyn quoi ta loaghtit liorish cruinnaghtyn jee-veanit da ny co-heiyderysyn oc hene.

Ta ronney eddyr-voggyl ec ymmodee aundyryn caslys-skeealyn. Hug ny Eagle Awards bun er Reih Caslys-Skeealyn er yn Eddyr-Voggyl ayns 2000, as ren ny Ignatz Awards y chied red ayns 2001. Erreish da enmys caslys-skeealyn eddyr-voggyl da ymmodee jeh ny ronnaghyn caslys-skeealyn clouit tradishoonagh oc, hug ny Eisner Awards bun er ronney Caslys-Skeealyn Bun-Earrooagh Share ayns 2005. Ren ny Harvey Awards eiyrt orroo ayns 2006 (Obbyr Caslys-Skeeal Eddyr-voggyl Share) as ny Shuster Awards ayns 2007 (Aundyr Crooder Caslys-Skeeal Eddyr-voggyl Ard-Yindyssagh Canadagh).