Triumph Of Jesus AS And His Immediate Followers
The verse of al Mujaadial does not hint at the political supremacy of the prophets. Their triumph is the humiliation and annihilation of their opponents, in principle, which sometimes turns out to be political supremacy. and it actually happened in the case of Bani Israel and Bani Ishmael because they were promised political supremacy if they prove themselves true believers and preach His message. Persecution of the followers is a part of the process which ultimately leads to their deliverance from the persecution. The same happened to the followers of Jesus and later with their efforts the believers came to power. yes, in the verse cited, the believers are the extended believers.
The ayat says that the immediate followers were triumphant or at least there is no context to distinguish the believers who said they would help Allah from those whom Allah made triumphant.