Welfare State And View Of Javed Ahmed Ghamidi
There are more than one avenues to collect revenue for a Muslim government. Zakat on assets, Ushar on crops, and zakat on animals, the land is owned by the government. They can levy property tax. Still the government needs more funds it can request the people and with their consent imposed more taxes. The second question, if something ethically necessary and it belongs to the public affairs, it can be made a law or ruling to be adopted by the concerned authorities, like the companies you cited.