Quran And Atheistic Arguments
The purpose of these verses is Tazkeer and Tazkeer is always done by addressing the premise of argument-the very base of it. Its true that Quraysh and Jews believed in God, but we experience every day that human beings tend to forget very basic of the facts and need to be reminded about that; and in order to build the next level argument or reminder, first the very base needs to be reminded to get someone’s attention ( which in case of Arabs at that time would be that this message is from the same God, who you already know created this and this etc. so get attentive ) and then next level argument / reminder can be build. In today’s time, the same tazkeer reminds us and take our attention right at the very basic phenomenon of creation which we take for granted and it does gives us an impetus to think. The following comments of Ghamidi Sahab might also be helpful, though not directly related to the question but do address the dimension of atheism that you alluded to in your question: Please refer to the video below from 1:10:24 to 1:13:24 https://youtu.be/nXEKH5BxMzg?t=4224