Civil Wars Among The Companions Of The Prophet
I agree. The people we think were the specimens of perfection were actually humans like us. If we follow Allah’s guidance from Quran regarding infighting between Muslims and penalty for killing, it is unimaginable how they could possibly fight with each other. First killing any other person is a severe crime and on top of it killing another innocent Muslim doesn’t seem forgiveable offence, except as Allah wills.. So, why infighting and killing right after Prophet’s death. The Quran’s guidance is to resolve everything peacefully and only if one group aggresses against another group of Muslims all other groups should join together to fight against agressing group to stop. I am not a historian, but was this the cases you mentioned. If so, fighting was justified, otherwise not.