Riba (usable Vs Consumable)
For anything that’s usable (not consumable), the usage fee charged is called rent, and it’s perfectly halal. In fact prophet SAW is reported to have rented out land himself. Please see: https://sunnah.com/bukhari/47/16 It’s only when lending a consumable item (money, grain, etc.) the usage fee is called riba. In other words, what makes charging a usage fee haram when lending an item is the difference between the consumable/non-consumable nature of the item. Enforcing penalties is also perfectly fine. The concept of riba only kicks in when there’s a loan transaction. Renting out an item is not a loan, hence the penalty for late payment is not riba.