Appeal No 1869 1967
Appeal under section 116 A of the Representation of the People Act 1951 from the judgment and order dated October 24 1967 of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in Election Petition 14 of 1967
KP Bhandari and Harder Singh for the appellants
CL Lakhanpal and DD Sharma for respondent No 1
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by Mitter J
In the election petition out of which the present appeal arises the main question canvassed was whether the nomination paper of respondent No 8 appellant No 2 before this Court was wrongly rejected
It is admitted that if the rejection was wrong the election cannot stand
The petitioner challenged the election to the Lambi Assembly Constituency reserved seat in the district of Ferozepore
There were eight candidates the first respondent being the returned candidate
The petition was filed by one of the unsuccessful candidates impleading the other seven candidates and Kishan Lal whose nomination paper was rejected
According to the petitioner Kishan Lal was a Hindu and being a Chamar by caste he belonged to a scheduled caste within the meaning of paragraph 2 read with Part X of the Constitution Scheduled Castes Order 1950 issued under article 341 of the Constitution he had filed a declaration under section 332 of the Representation of the People Act stating his caste to be chamar covered by item 9 in Part X Punjab of the Schedule to the Order
The said item reads as follows Chamar Jatia Chamar Reghar Raigar Ramdasi or Ravidasi
 It was stated in the petition that the Returning Officer had at first accepted the nomination paper of Kishan Lal on 21st January 1967 but subsequently on an objection having been raised by the first respondent on the ground that Kishan Lal was not a member of a Scheduled Caste the proceedings were adjourned till the next day when after admitting evidence the same was rejected on the plea that Kishan Lal was a mochi by caste
The petitioner s case was that Chamar and mochi were not two separate castes and the word mochi  was applied to a chamar who actually started working in lwather
On the pleadings the learned trial Judge framed four issues 1
respondent No 8 Kishan Lal a Hindi Chamar by caste which is a scheduled caste within the 999 meaning of Part X of the Schedule to the Constitution Scheduled Castes Order 1950 2
Was the nomination paper or respondent No 8 Kishan Lal accepted by the Returning Officer and it so whether the Returning Officer had the power of reviewing his order  3
Has the nomination paper of respondent No 8 Kishan Lal been wrongly rejected If so is the election of the returned candidate void 4
Is Chamar or Mochi one and the same caste and a scheduled caste within the meaning of Part X of the Constitution Scheduled Castes Order 1950 The point canvassed before him with a good deal of force was that the Returning Officer had sought to review his own order passed on 21st January 1967 accepting the nomination paper and this he was not competent to do
The learned Judge did not accept that a finalised order had been reviewed
An examination of the document tends to support the appellant s argument about the nomination paper having been accepted at first but rejected subsequently
The manner of recording the order is suggestive of the above
It appears that the Returning Officer at first  wrote the word accepted  and gave the date as 21 1 1967 to the left of his signature the endorsement rejecting the nomination paper is by way of a post script abbreviated as PS the last two lines curving over the signature
Unfortunately however for the petitioner the Returning Officer although he appeared in court to produce some documents was not orally examined and we are therefore without his testimony on the subject
Kishan Lal who came to give evidence in this case in support of the petition stated in his examination in chief that At the time of the scrutiny of the nomination papers for elections in 1967 the Returning Officer at first announced orders on my nomination papers accepting the same
Then an objection was raised by respondent No 1 Shiv Chand
Thereafter the Returning Officer adjourned the matter to the next date on which after examining evidence led by the parties he rejected the nomination papers
 Prima facie this goes to support the case of the petitioner but in corss examination Kishan Lal stated At the time when the nomination papers were being scrutinised by the Returning Officer an objection was raised when he was writing the order 1000 This nullifies the effect of the statement in the examination inchief and suggests that this objection was raised before the order had been signed or announced
This is strengthened by the evidence of Shiv Chand RW 7
He said The Returning Officer had not announced that he had accepted the nomination papers of Kishan Lal but had written the word accepted 
This I know because I was sitting next to him
 On this evidence it is not possible to hold that the Returning Officer had announced his decision accepting the nomination paper but had reviewed his own order afterwards on objection being raised and let in evidence on the next day and rejected the nomination paper
Before the learned trial Judge a good deal of evidence was adduced and arguments advanced as to whether the words chamar  and mochi  were synonymous and even if Kishan Lal was held to be a mochi there was no reason to exclude him from the fold of the caste of chamars in which case his nomination paper was wrongly rejected
For this we have to refer to article 341 of the Constitution under el 1 of which the President may with respect to any State or Union Territory and where it is a State after consulting the Governor of the State by public notification specify the castes races or tribes or parts or groups within castes races or tribes which shall for the purposes of the Constitution be deemed to be Scheduled Castes in relation to that State or Union Territory as the case may be
This article empowered the President to specify not only the entire castes but tribes or parts or groups within castes races or tribes which were to be treated as Scheduled Castes in relation to a particular caste
So far as chamars and mochis are concerned it will be noted from a reference to the Constitution Scheduled Castes Order 1950 that the President was not of opinion that they were to be considered to belong to the same caste in all the different States
For instance in the States of Andhra Pradesh Bihar Gujarat Kerala Madhya Pradesh Madras Maharashtra Mysore Orissa Rajasthan and West Bengal chamars and mochis were put on the same footing
Before the Reorganisation of the Punjab Act of 1966 item 9 of Part X of the Order specifying the Scheduled Castes in the State read Chamar Jatia chamar Reghar Raigar Ramdasi or Ravidasi After the reorganisation of territories and creation of new States by the said Act the Scheduled Castes Order was amended pro 1001 viding for the specification of Scheduled Castes for the new States and territories
The Constitution Scheduled
Castes Union Territories Order of 1951 was also amended in 1966
As a result of the above changes the final position with regard to the Scheduled Castes was as follows
Item No 9 remained unaltered as regards the new States of Haryana and the Punjab
Chamars and Mochis were put in the same class as regards the Union territory of Delhi and Himachal Pradesh while the position in the Union territory of Chandigarh remained the same as in the old State of Punjab
This shows that even when the subject of specification of Scheduled Castes engaged the attention of the President in 1966 he did not take the view that mochis should be classed together with chamars in so far as the State of Haryana Punjab and Union territory of Chandigarh were concerned
It is also clear that the question of inclusion of mochis in the Scheduled Castes was considered by him
Apart from this there are two decisions of this Court which conclude the point
In Basavalingappa vD Munichinnappa and othersx an election petition was filed challenging the election of the first respondent inter alia on the ground that he was not a member of any of the scheduled castes mentioned in the Constitution Scheduled Castes Order 1950
Respondent No 1 claimed that he belonged to the scheduled caste listed as Bhovi  in the Order
The appellant on the other hand contended that respondent No 1 was a Voddar by caste and that Voddar was not a scheduled caste specified in the order and consequently he could not stand for election from a scheduled caste constituency
It was held by this Court that it was not open to anyone to seek for any modification in the order by producing evidence to
show for example that though caste alone was mentioned in the order caste B was also a part of caste A and as such to be deemed to be included in caste A
This Court also pointed out that wherever one caste has another name it has been mentioned in brackets after it in the Order
Therefore generally speaking it would not be open to any person to lead evidence to establish that caste B is part of caste A notified in the Order
 In the peculiar circumstances of this case evidence was allowed to be led to identify the caste specified in the Order because the Order referred to a Scheduled Caste known as Bhovi in the Mysore State as it was before 1956 and therefore it had to be accepted that there was some caste which the President intended to include after consultation with Rajpramukh in the Order when the Order mentioned the caste Bhovi as a scheduled caste
But when it was not disputed specifically that there was no caste 1  1002 known as Bhovi in the Mysore State before 1956 the only course open tocourts was to find which caste was meant by Bhovi by taking evidence
A point very similar to the one before us came up for consideration in this Court in Bhaiya Lal vs Harikrishen Singh and others1
There the appellant s election was challenged on the ground that he belonged to the Dohar caste and was not a chamar
Dealing with this point it was stated by this Court 
the plea that the Dohar caste is a subcaste of the Chamar caste cannot be entertained in the present proceedings in virtue of the Constitution Scheduled Castes Order 1950
 Reference was then made to article 341 of the Constitution cls 1 and 2 and it was said in order to determine whether or not a particular caste is a scheduled caste within the meaning of article 341 one has to look at the public notification issued by the President in that behalf
In the present case the notification refers to Chamar Jatav or Mochi and so in dealing with the question in dispute between the parties the enquiry which the Election Tribunal can hold is whether or not the appellant is a Chamar Jatav or Mochi
The plea that though the appellant is not a Chamar as such he can claim the same status by reason of the fact that he belongs to the Dohar caste which is a sub caste of the Chamar caste cannot be accepted
It appears to us that an enquiry of this kind would not be permissible having regard to the provisions contained in article 341 These judgments are binding on us and we do not therefore think that it would be of any use to look into the gazetteers and the glossaries on the Punjab castes and tribes to which reference was made at the Bar to find out whether mochi and chamar in some parts of the State at least meant the same caste although there might be some difference in the professions followed by their members the main difference being that Chamars skin dead animals which mochis do not
However that may be the question not being open to agitation by evidence and being one the determination of which lies within the exclusive power of the President it is not for us to examine it and come to a conclusion that if a person was in fact a mochi he could still claim to belong to the scheduled caste of chamars and be allowed to 1  1003 contest an election on that basis
Quite a lot of evidence was adduced orally and also by documents before the learned trial Judge to show that Kriqhan Lal was a chamar and not a mochi
The learned Judge examined the evidence thoroughly and we do not propose to do the same again
In his view Krishan Lal was a mochi and not a chamar and we do not see any reason why we should come to any different conclusion
Once we hold that it is not open to this Court to scrutinise whether a person who is properly described as a mochi also falls within the caste of chamars and can describe himself as such the question of the impropriety of the rejection of his nomination paper based on such distinction disappears
In this case Krishan Lal was found to be a mochi and not a chamar and therefore his nomination paper was rightly rejected
He tried to prove by evidence that he was a chamar but he did not succeed therein
The appeal therefore falls and is dismissed with costs
GC Appeal dismissed


Summary:
Appellant No 1 filed a petition challenging the election of the first respondent from the Lambi Assembly Constituency  reserved seat in the district of Ferozepur Punjab at the 1967 general election
It was urged in the petition that the nomination paper of appellant No 2 had been wrongly rejected by the Returning Officer who had held that appellant No 2 was a mochi and as such not a member of the chamar caste mentioned in item 9 of the Constitution Scheduled Castes Order 1950 issued under article 341 of the Constitution
It was also urged that the Returning Officer had at first accepted the nomination paper but had subsequently reviewed his own order
The High Court dismissed the petition whereupon an appeal was filed in this Court
HELD i On the evidence it was not possible to hold that the Returning Officer had after announcing his decision accepting the nomination paper reviewed his own order afterwards
ii No ground had been made out for disturbing the conclusion of the trial court on the evidence that appellant No 2 was a mochi and not a member of the chamar caste
iii It was not open to this Court to scrutinise whether a person properly described as a mochi also fell within the caste of chamars and could describe himself as such
The question was one the determination of which lay within the exclusive power of the President under article 341 of the Constitution
1003 B C  Basavalingappa vD Munichinnappa  Ors  and Bhaiya Lal vs Harikrishen Singh  Ors   applied
Article 341 empowered the President to specify not only entire castes races or tribes but also parts or groups within castes races or tribes which were to be treated as Scheduled Castes in relation to a particular State or Union Territory
So far as chamars and mochis are concerned a reference to the Constitution Scheduled Castes Order 1950 shows that the President was not of opinion that they were to be considered to belong to the same caste in all the different States
In several States chamars and mochis were put on the same footing but not so in the State of Punjab
Even after the Reorganisation of the Punjab Act 1966 when the question of specification of Scheduled Castes in the territories created came up for his consideration the President did not take the view that mochis should be classed with chamars in so far as the States of Haryana Punjab and the Union Territory of Chandigarh were concerned though he directed that in the Union Territories of Delhi and Himachal Pradesh mochis and chamars were to be placed in the same group
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