Civil Appeal Nos
1575 and 1965 of 1971
From the Judgment and Order dated 12 1 1968 of the Calcutta High Court in Civil Rule No 2523 and 2527 of 1960
V section Desai section P Nayar and Miss A Subhashini for the Appellant
section T Desai J Ramamurthi and D N Gupta for the Respondents and Vice Versa
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by UNTWALIA J
These two appeals one by the Union of India and the other by Ms Jardine Henderson Ltd are by certificate granted by the Calcutta High Court
Since the facts in both the cases are very much similar involving the interpretation of the various clauses of section 31 of The  hereinafter referred to as the Validation Act the two appeals have been heard together and are being disposed of by this judgment
There were two brothers named Basanta Kumar Daw respondent No 2 in Civil Appeal No 1575 of 1971 and Haridhan Daw respondent No 2 in Civil Appeal No 1965 of 1971
The facts of Civil Appeal No 1575 of 1971 are these For realization of arrears of income tax dues the Certificate Officer of 24 Parganas forwarded to the Collector a Certificate in accordance with Section 462 of the Indian Income tax Act 1922 specifying the amount of arrears due from respondent No 2
Thereupon a Certificate case was started against him Basanta Kumar Daw under the Bengal Public Demands Recovery Act 1913 hereinafter called the Bengal Act by the Certificate Officer acting as a Collector
Notice under section 7 was served on the Certificate debtor on 31 10 1949
Basanta Kumar Daw entered appearance and filed an objection under section 9 of the Bengal Act
This objection was rejected by the Certificate Officer by his Order dated March 8 1951
On April 2 1951 the Certificate debtor made an application for review of the said order dated 8 3 1951 stating therein inter alia that the appeal preferred by him before the Income tax Appellate Tribunal had been allowed in part and some payments also had 559 been made since then the Certificate case therefore could not proceed for the recovery of the sum of Rs 3687410 annas the original amount mentioned in the Certificate
The Certificate Officer declined to review his previous order and rejected the review petition
But he made certain enquiries from the Income tax Officer whether the amount of the Certificate had to be reduced
The Income tax Officer informed him that the Tribunal had reduced the demand on appeal on 13 9 1950 and after adjustment of the previous payments made by the Certificate debtor the revised demand stood at Rs 190013 annas only
Thereupon the Certificate Officer amended the Certificate on the basis of the information received from the Income tax Officer and reduced the demand
On July 18 1956 he directed the issue of sale notice under Rule 462 framed under the Bengal Act in respect of the half share of Basanta Kumar Daw the other half belonging to his brother Haridhan Daw in premises nos
201 to 2051 Old China Bazar Street Calcutta
Now a few facts of the other appeal being Civil Appeal No 1965 of 1971 may be stated
The Income tax officer sent a requisition to the Certificate officer of 24 Parganas for the recovery of a sum of Rs 5954115 annas against Haridhan Daw respondent No 2 in this appeal
A Certificate case was started
A notice under section 7 of the Bengal Act was served on the Certificate debtor on January 30 1951
He also filed a petition of objection under section 9
But the Certificate Officer by his order dated January 13 1954 rejected the objection filed by the Certificate debtor under the Bengal Act
A review application was also rejected in this case on January 27 1954
On March 2 1954 the Income tax Officer informed the Certificate Officer that the original demand of Rs 5954115 annas had been enhanced to Rs 596047 annas under section 35 of the Income tax Act and requested him to realize the enhanced amount
The order under section 35 was passed on March 2 1953
The Certificate Officer thereupon informed the Income tax Officer that the Bengal Act did not provide for enhancing the demand of the existing Certificate and asked him to file a separate Certificate for the additional amount
He however continued the Certificate proceedings for the recovery of the original amount
Ms Jardine Henderson Ltd respondent in Civil Appeal No 1575 of 1971 and appellant in Civil Appeal No 1965 of 1971 purchased the whole of the premises in question on September 20 1954 for a total sum of Rs 300100 purchasing one half of the undivided share from each of the two brothers
560 In both the cases the Company received a notice on August 6 1956 fixing a date for settling the terms of the sale proclamations in respect of the respective one half share of each of the two Certificate debtors
Immediately thereafter the respondent company made an application in each of the two cases that it had purchased the property being unaware of the pendency of any Certificate case against any of its vendors for realization of income tax dues and that the Company was the owner of the property and it was not liable to be sold as that of the Certificate debtor
The Certificate Officer rejected the objection holding that the purchase having been made after service of notice under section 7 of the Bengal Act on the Certificate debtor was void as against any claim enforceable in execution of the Certificate and hence the Company had no right to object to the sale
The Company went up in appeal before the Commissioner and succeeded in both the cases
Two revisions were filed before the Board of Revenue which were allowed
The respondent company then moved the High Court under Article 227 of the Constitution
The petition giving rise to Civil Appeal No 1575 was allowed and hence the Union of India has come up in appeal
The other petition giving rise to Civil Appeal No 1965 of 1971 was dismissed by the same Bench and the Company has therefore come up in appeal
The Validation Act was not there when the orders were passed either by the Commissioner or the Board of Revenue
But in the High Court as also here the main controversy between the parties was the effect of the Validation Act on the two Certificate proceedings
Mr V section Desai appearing for the Union of India in the first instance submitted that the order reducing the amount of the Certificate in Civil Appeal No 1575 was an order under section 10 of the Bengal Act
Hence the notice served under section 7 on the Certificate debtor continued to have its effect in spite of the reduction of the amount and no fresh notice under section 7 was necessary to be served
In agreement with the High Court we have no difficulty in rejecting this argument
We may first read some of the relevant provisions of the Bengal Act
Section 7 reads as follows When a certificate has been filed in the office of a Certificate officer under section 4 or section 6 he shall cause to be served upon the certificate debtor in the prescribed manner a notice in the prescribed form and a copy of the certificate
 561 The effect of service of notice of certificate is provided in section 8 which provides  From and after the service of notice of any certificate under section 7 upon a certificate debtor a any private transfer or delivery of any of his immovable property situated in the district in which the certificate is filed or of any interest in any such property shall be void against any claim enforceable in execution of the certificate
 Under Section 9 the Certificate debtor may file a petition of objection denying his liability in whole or in part
Under section 10 it is provided The Certificate officer in whose office the original certificate is filed shall hear the petition take evidence if necessary and determine whether the certificate debtor is liable for the whole or any part of the amount for which the certificate was signed and may set aside modify or vary the certificate accordingly  On reading the provisions aforesaid it is clear that if the Certificate is modified or varied by the Certificate Officer under section 10 while disposing of the petition of objection filed by the certificate debtor under section 9 then the Certificate case proceeds further without a fresh notice under section 7
But in the instant case the amount was not reduced on the objection of the Certificate debtor but it was reduced on receipt of the information from the Income tax Officer
In the Bengal Act itself there is no express provision enabling a person other than the Certificate debtor claiming an interest in the property to be sold to file any objection
He of course under section 22 can take recourse to the said provision by filing an application to set aside the sale of immovable property on deposit of the amounts provided therein
But the rules in Schedule II under section 38 have the effect as if enacted in the body of the Act
In Schedule II is to be found rule 39 which is very much like rule 58 of Order 21 of the Code of Civil Procedure 1908
The Company preferred a claim objecting to the sale of property on the ground that it was not liable to sale as it had purchased the property from the two Certificate debtors
It was therefore not quite accurate to say that the Company had no locus standi to prefer the claim
It was open to it to show under rule 40 that at the date of the service of notice under section 7 it had some interest in the property in dispute
If the notice served at the beginning 562 of the two Certificate cases under section 7 on the two Certificate debtors was not a valid notice in the sense that in one case on the reduction of the amount of the Certificate it became necessary to give a fresh notice and in the other without a fresh demand notice under the Income tax Act for the enhanced amount the Certificate case could not proceed then the Company had validly purchased the property and its purchase was not void
The property purchased by it could not then be sold for realization of the income tax dues against the two brothers
If however no fresh notice was necessary to be served in either of the two cases then it is plain that the Company s purchase was void as against the claim enforceable in execution of the Certificate
The answer in both the cases has got to be given with reference to the Validation Act and no other point of any consequence was argued or could be pressed with any success in either of the two appeals
In Income tax Officer Kolar Circle and another vs Seghu Buchiah Setty1 best Judgment assessments had been made for the assessment years 1953 54 and 1954 55
A notice of demand for each of the two years was served upon the assessee under section 29 of the Income tax Act 1922
The assessee preferred appeals
In the meantime for non payment tax he was treated as a defaulter and a Certificate was forwarded to the Collector under section 462
Thereafter the tax payable by the assessee was substantially reduced in appeal
The Income tax Officer informed the assessee of the reduced tax liability and called upon him to pay the reduced amount
No fresh notice of demand was issued under section 29
Pending further appeals to the Appellate Tribunal the assessee wanted the Certificate proceedings to be stayed and on his request being rejected he moved the High Court under Article 226 of the Constitution
The High Court held that the department was not entitled to treat the respondent as a defaulter in the absence of a fresh notice of demand and quashed the recovery proceedings
On appeal to this Court the majority view expressed was that the amount of tax assessed being reduced as a result of the orders of the Appellate Assistant Commissioner a fresh demand notice had to be served on the respondent before he could be treated as a defaulter
The recovery proceedings initiated against him on the basis of the original demand notice were therefore rightly quashed by the High Court
The Statement of Objects and Reasons which led to the introduction and passing of the Validation Act would show that it was to get over the difficulties in the collection of income tax and other direct taxes created by the Supreme Court decision in Seghu Buchiah Setty s case 563 supra that the Validation Act was passed with retrospective effect
The interpretation of this Act falls for our consideration for the first time in this Court
This is an Act to provide for the continuation and validation of proceedings in relation to Government dues and for matters connected therewith In the Schedule appended to the Act are enumerated various tax statutes including the Income tax Act
Taxing Authority has been defined in clause d of section 2 and clause e defines Tax Recovery Officer to mean an officer to whom a certificate for the recovery of arrears of Government dues may be issued under this Act
Section 3 without the proviso may be read as a whole Continuation and validation of certain proceedings 1 Where any notice of demand in respect of any Government dues is served upon an assessee by a Taxing Authority under any scheduled Act and any appeal or other proceeding is filed or taken in respect such Government dues then a where such Government dues are enhanced in such appeal or proceeding the Taxing Authority shall serve upon the assessee another notice of demand only in respect of the amount by which such Government dues are enhanced and any proceedings in relation to such Government dues as are covered by the notice or notices of demand served upon him before the disposal of such appeal or proceeding may without the service of any fresh notice of demand be continued from the stage at which such proceedings stood immediately before such disposal b where such Government dues are reduced in such appeal or proceeding i it shall not be necessary for the Taxing Authority to serve upon the assessee a fresh notice of demand ii the Taxing Authority shall give intimation of the act of such reduction to the assessee and where a certificate has been issued to the Tax Recovery Officer for the recovery of such amount also to that officer 564 iiiany proceedings initiated on the basis of the notice or notices of demand served upon the assessee before the disposal of such appeal or proceeding may be continued in relation to the amount so reduced from the stage at which such proceedings stood immediately before such disposal c no proceedings in relation to such Government dues including the imposition of penalty or charging of interest shall be invalid by reason only that no fresh notice of demand was served upon the assessee after the disposal of such appeal or proceeding or that such Government dues have been enhanced or reduced in such appeal or proceeding  The Act was made retrospective by an express provision in section 5
Clause a deals with the case of an enhancement of Government dues and provides that the proceedings initiated may be continued from the stage at which such proceedings stood immediately before the disposal of the appeal or proceedings in which the enhancement was made
Another notice of demand is required to be served in respect of the amount by which the dues are enhanced
On a plain reading of clause a of section 3 it is clear that the intention of the legislature is not to allow the nullification of the proceedings which were initiated for recovery of the original demand
On the basis of another notice of demand for the enhanced amount two courses are open to the department 1 to initiate another proceeding for the recovery of the amount by which the dues are enhanced treating it as a separate demand or 2 to cancel the first proceedings and start a fresh one for the recovery of the entire amount including the enhanced one
In the latter case the first proceedings started for the recovery of the original amount will lose its force and the fresh proceeding will have to proceed de novo
But in the former the first proceedings are not affected at all
In Civil Appeal No 1965 of 1971 this is exactly the view taken by the High Court and in our opinion rightly
Mr section T Desai appearing for the Company submitted that where the amount was enhanced in appeal or revision there was no express provision in the Income tax Act for service of a fresh or another notice of demand for the additional amount
But if the amount was enhanced under the power of rectification under section 35 then sub section 4 thereof requires 565 Where any such rectification has the effect of enhancing the assessment or reducing a refund the Income tax Officer shall serve on the assessee a notice of demand in the prescribed form specifying the sum payable and such notice of demand shall be deemed to be issued under section 29 and the provisions of this Act shall apply accordingly
 The effect of this sub section according to the counsel has not been done away with by clause a of section 3 of the Validation Act
We reject this argument as being unsound and for two reasons
Firstly on a correct interpretation of sub section 4 of section 35 it would be noticed that though the expression used is the sum payable but in the context it would mean only the extra enhanced sum payable and not the whole of the enhanced amount
The expression sum payable had to be used in sub section 4 because that sub section was also providing for a contingency where by the rectification order the amount of refund was reduced
In such a case the expression the sum payable would obviously mean the difference between the amount refunded and the reduced amount which was liable to be refunded
The second reason is that even if it were to be held that in the case of enhancement the expression the sum payable in sub section 4 means the whole of the enhanced amount by a rule of harmonious construction it has got to be held that in view of section 31 a of the Validation Act even in the case of a rectification a notice of demand is to be served now only in respect of the amount by which the Government dues are enhanced
Now coming to the case of reduction dealt with in clause b of sub section 1 of section 3 of the Validation Act it would be seen that sub clause i clearly provides that it is not necessary for the Taxing Authority to serve upon the assessee a fresh notice of demand
The only thing which he is required to do is that he has to give intimation of the fact of such deduction to the assessee and to the Tax Recovery Officer
The purpose of giving intimation to the assessee is to bring it to his pointed knowledge that the demand against him has been reduced although by other methods also such as by service of a copy of the Appellate Order or the revisional order being served on him he may be made aware of that
The intimation to the Tax Recovery Officer is essential as without that intimation from the Taxing Authority he cannot reduce the amount of the Certificate debt in the proceedings already commenced
The High Court has taken the view that the provision contained in sub clause ii of clause b of section 31 of the Validation Act is mandatory and in absence of a formal intima 566 tion to the assessee and to the Tax Recovery Officer as required by the said provision the proceedings initially started could not be continued under sub clause iii
In our opinion the view of the High Court is not sustainable in law
On the facts of this case the assessee himself in his review application had clearly mentioned that the demand against him stood reduced in appeal
He also claimed that he had made certain payments
Although the Tax Recovery Officer rejected his review petition as probably he had no power of review he took the precautionary measure of making inquiry from the Taxing Authority
Thereupon the Taxing Authority gave him the information and the amount of the Certificate debt was substantially reduced
We therefore hold that on the facts of this case the requirement of sub clause ii stood fulfilled and nothing further had to be done in the matter by the Taxing Authority
That being so the proceedings initiated on the basis of the notice of demand served upon the assessee before the reduction of the amount in appeal could be continued in relation to the amount so reduced from the stage at which such proceedings stood immediately before such disposal as provided for in sub clause iii
Clause c of section 31 of the Validation Act is also important and it clearly and expressly provides that no proceedings in relation to Government dues shall be invalid merely because no fresh notice of demand was served upon the assessee after the dues were enhanced or reduced in any appeal or proceeding
It is therefore plain that in neither of the two cases did the Certificate proceeding become invalid in one case by reduction of the demand and in the other by an enhancement
In both the cases notices under section 7 of the Bengal Act had been served upon the Certificate debtors before the property in question was transferred by them to the Company
The transfer was therefore void against the Certificate claims in both the cases under section 8a of the Bengal Act
Mr section T Desai called our attention to the decision of the Allahabad High Court in Ram Swarup Gupta vs Behari Lal Baldeo Prasad and others1
That case is however clearly distinguishable as in that the property was sold in Certificate proceedings started for the realization of the original amount even after the amount had been reduced in appeal
It is obvious that that sale was illegal and invalid as rightly held by the High Court because after reduction the demand had to be reduced on intimation by the Taxing Authority and the property could not be sold for the original amount
567 For the reasons stated above Civil Appeal No 1575 of 1971 is allowed with costs payable by the respondent company the Judgment and Order of the High Court are set aside and it is directed that the Certificate case shall proceed to disposal in accordance with law as expeditiously as possible
Civil Appeal No 1965 of 1971 is dismissed but we make no order as to costs in this appeal
V D K CA No 196571 dismissed


Summary:
In Income Tax Officer Kolar Circle and Anr
vs Seghu Buchiah Setty  this Court held that the recovery proceedings initiated against the assessee respondent on the basis of the original demand notice were had as it was of the view that the amount of tax assessed when reduced as a result of the appellate orders a fresh demand notice had to be served on the respondent before he could be treated as a defaulter
To get over the difficulties in the collection of income tax and other direct taxes created by the decision in Seghu Chetty s case the was passed with retrospective effect by an express provision in section 5
The property belonging to two brothers the certificate debtors in CA 1575NT 71 and CA 1965 NT of 1963 respectively were purchased by Ms Jurdine Henderson Ltd on September 20 1954 ie after service of notices under section 7 of the Bengal Public Demands Recovery Act 1913
The objections raised by the certificate debtors were rejected and the property came to be sold
In both cases the Company received a notice on August 6 1956 fixing a date for settling the terms of the sale proclamation in respect of the respective one half share of each of the two Certificate debtors
Immediately thereafter the respondent company made an application in each of the two cases that it had purchased the property being unaware of the pendency of any Certificate case against any of its vendors for realization of incometax dues and that the Company was the owner of the property and it was not liable to be sold as that of the Certificate debtor
The Certificate Officer rejected the objection holding that the purchase having been made after service of notice under section 7 of the Bengal Act on the Certificate debtor was void as against any claim enforceable in execution of the Certificate and hence the Company had no right to object to the sale
The Company went up in appeal before the Commissioner and succeeded in both the cases
Two revisions were filed before the Board of Revenue which were allowed
The respondent company then moved the High Court under Article 227 of the Constitution
The petition giving rise to Civil Appeal No 1575 was allowed
The other petition giving rise to CA 1965 of 1971 was dismissed by the same Bench
556 Two questions namely a the locus standi of the purchaser Company to prefer a claim objecting to the sale of the property and b the effect of section 31a and b of the Validation Act 1964 read with Section 354 of the Income Tax Act 1962 arose for decision in these appeals
Allowing CA 157571 and dismissing CA 196571 both by certificates the Court
 HELD 1
The Company as a purchaser of the property of the certificate debtors had locus standi to prefer the claim
The company preferred a claim objecting to the sale of property on the ground that it was not liable to be sold as it had purchased the property from the two certificate debtors
In the Bengal Public Demands Recovery Act 1913 there is no express provision enabling a person other than the Certificate debtor claiming an interest in the property to be sold to file any objection
He of course under section 22 can take recourse to the said provision by filing an application to set aside the sale of immovable property on deposit of the amounts provided therein
But the rules in Schedule II under section 38 have the effect as if enacted in the body of the Act
In Schedule II is to be found rule 39 which is very much like rule 58 of Order 21 of the Code of Civil Procedure 1908
561 F G a It was open to it to show under rule 40 that at the date of the service of notice under section 7 it had some interest in the property in dispute
If the notice served at the beginning of the two Certificate cases under section 7 on the two Certificate debtors was not a valid notice in the sense that in one case on the reduction of the amount of the Certificate it became necessary to give a fresh notice and in the other without a fresh demand notice under the Income tax Act for the enhanced amount the Certificate case could not proceed then the Company had validly purchased the property and its purchase was not void
The property purchased by it could not then be sold for realization of the income tax dues against the two brothers
If however no fresh notice was necessary to be served in either of the two cases then it is plain that the Company s purchase was void as against the claim enforceable in execution of the Certificate
561 H 562 A C b It is clear from sections 7 8 9 and 10 of the Bengal Public Demands Recovery Act 1913 that if the Certificate is modified or varied by the certificate officer under Section 10 while disposing of the petition of objection filed by the Certificate debtor under section 9 then the Certificate case proceeds further without a fresh notice under section 7561 D E In the instant case the amount was not reduced on the objection of the Certificate debtor but it was reduced on receipt of the information from the Income Tax Officer
561 E 2
The transfer was void against the Certificate claims in both cases under section 8a of the Bengal Public Demands Recovery Act 1913
In both the cases notices under section 7 of the Bengal Act had been served upon the Certificate debtor before the property in question was transferred by them to the company
In neither of the two cases did the certificate proceeding became invalid in one case by reduction of the demand and in the other by an enhancement since clause c of section 31 of the Validation Act clearly and expressly provides that no proceedings in relation to Government dues 557 shall be invalid merely because no fresh notice was served upon the assessee after the dues were enhanced or reduced in any appeal or proceeding
566 E F Ram Swarup Gupta vs Behari Lal Baldeo Prasad and Ors  Distinguished
a On a plain reading of clause a of section 3 of the Validation Act it is clear that the intention of the Legislature is not to allow the nullification of the proceedings which were initiated for recovery of the original demand
On the basis of another notice of demand for the enhanced amount two courses are open to the department i to initiate another proceedings for the recovery of the amount by which the dues are enhanced treating it as a separate demand or 2 to cancel the first proceedings and start a fresh one for the recovery of the entire amount including the enhanced one
In the latter case the first proceedings started for the recovery of the original amount will lose its force and the fresh proceedings will have to proceed de novo
But in the former the proceedings are not affected at all
564 E G 3
b The argument that the effect of sub section 4 of section 35 of the Income Tax Act has not been done away with by clause a of section 3 of the Validation Act 1964 is not correct
Firstly on a correct interpretation of sub section 4 of section 35 it would be noticed that though the expression used is the sum payable but in the context it would mean only the extra enhanced sum payable and not the whole of the enhanced amount
The expression sum payable had to be used in sub section 4 because that sub section was also providing for a contingency where by the rectification order the amount of refund was reduced
In such a case the expression the sum payable would obviously mean the difference between the amount refunded and the reduced amount which was liable to be refunded
Secondly even if it were to be held that in the case of enhancement the expression the sum payable in sub section 4 means the whole of the enhanced amount by a rule of harmonious construction it has got to be held that in view of section 31a of the Validation Act even in the case of a rectification a notice of demand is to be served now only in respect of the amount by which the Government dues are enhanced
565 B E 4
Sub clause i of clause b of sub section 1 of section 3 of the Validation Act clearly provides that it is not necessary for the Taxing Authority to serve upon the assessee a fresh notice of demand
The only thing which he is required to do that he has to give intimation of the fact of such deduction to the assessee and to the Tax Recovery officer
The purpose of giving intimation to the assessee is to bring it to his pointed knowledge that the demand against him has been reduced although by other methods also such as by service of a copy of the Appellate Order or the revisional order being served on him he may be made aware of that
The intimation to the Tax Recovery Officer is essential as without that intimation from the Taxing Authority he cannot reduce the amount of the Certificate debt in the proceedings already commenced
565 E H a The view of the High Court that the provision contained in subclause ii of clause b of section 31 of the Validation Act is mandatory and in absence of a formal intimation to the assessee and to the Tax Recovery Officer as required by the said provision the proceedings initially started could not be continued under sub clause iii is not sustainable in law
565 H 566 A 558 b On the facts of the case in CA 1575NT71 the requirement of sub clause ii stood fulfilled and nothing further had to be done in the matter by the Taxing Authority
That being so the proceedings initiated on the basis of the notice of demand served upon the assessee before the reduction of the amount in appeal could be continued in relation to the amount so reduced from the stage at which such proceedings stood immediately before such disposal as provided for in sub clause iii
566 C D