Civil Appeal No 1442 of 1986 From the Judgment and Order dated 5101984 of the Bombay High Court in Writ Petition No 4063 of 1984
SB Bhasme and MA Firoz for the Appellant
VA Bobde
AK Sanghi and Shyam Murlidhar for the Respondents
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by RAY J
This application for special leave involves a very short but very important and substantial question of law namely whether a court while hearing writ petitions is under an obligation to pass a speaking order an order recording in brief at least the reasons which weighed with the court in determining the salient questions raised by the parties to the action while dismissing or rejecting the writ petition in order to enable the parties to know the reasons for such order more particularly when there is provision for appeal including appeal on special leave to this Court under Article 136 of the Constitution of India to apprise the appellate court of the reasons of the order in order to conform the basic principles of justice and fair play and as well as the rule of law which pervades our constitutional system and also in consonance with the principles of natural justice
On this vital ground we 461 deem it just and proper to grant special leave and accordingly special leave granted
The facts of the case in brief are inter alia that the petitioner a BSc
with 2nd Class honours was appointed as an assistant Teacher in 195 I in the New English Institute Girls High School conducted and managed by a registered society named New Education Institute the respondent No 1
The petitioner was transferred in New High School in June 1953
The petitioner passed the Secondary Teacher s Certificate Examination and he also passed the Diploma of Education Examination conducted by Basic Training Centre Dhule
This diploma is considered as equivalent to Bachelor of Education Degree for the purpose of considering suitability for additional benefits
The petitioner was promoted as supervisor in the same school in 1961 and thereafter From June 1968 he was working as Principal till his reversion by a resolution of the managing committee of the Institute dated October 28
The petitioner challenged the said resolution of reversion in a suit being regular Civil Suit No 755 of 1973
The said suit was dismissed
The petitioner challenged the said degree of dismissal in Civil Appeal No 107 of 1979
The appellate court allowed the appeal on reversing the degree of the trial court holding inter alia that the order of reversion was illegal and bad and the petitioner was entitled to have all the benefits and emoluments as principal of the said institution
The opposite party No 1 preferred a Second Appeal No 162 of 1981 in the High Court of Judicature at Bombay which is pending for hearing
During the pendency of the said appeal the opposite party No 1 commenced a departmental enquiry against the petitioner under the provisions of Clause 773 of Secondary School Code
A notice to show cause was issued to the petitioner wherefrom it would appear that the said proceeding mainly related to mistakes in accounting in matters pertaining to the society and not relating to the school
The Enquiry Committee on 741975 recommended the termination of the petitioner s services
Against that recommendation the petitioner filed an appeal to the Deputy Director of Education Nasik the respondent No 4
The respondent No 4 by his order dated 27121975 was of the opinion that the order terminating service of the petitioner was disproportionate to the findings recorded by the Enquiry Committee and directed that the petitioner s service should not be terminated till the Civil Court would decide the suit
This order of respondent No 4 was challenged by the management in an appeal filed to the Director of 462 Education
Though it was submitted that the said appeal was not maintainable under the said Secondary School Code the Joint Director of Education however after hearing allowed the said appeal by his order dated 691979 holding that all the charges levelled against the petitioner were of account matters
He further held that the management was equally responsible in as much as it left financial matters pertaining to the management of the society to the Headmaster and his clerks
Since it was not the duty of the Headmaster he could not be held responsible in management of accounts in the capacity of Headmaster
Some of the charges pertaining to the duties as Head Master had been fully proved and some partly against the petitioner
To be guilty under a single charge pertaining to financial matters is very serious
The Joint Director therefore held that the recommendations made by the Enquiry Committee regarding the termination of the service of the petitioner had to be upheld
The petitioner thereafter challenged the impugned order in writ petition No 1837 of 1980 before the High Court of Judicature at Bombay
On 1281980 the writ petition was rejected by merely re cording the order rejected 
No reasons whatsoever were recorded which impelled the court to reject the petition
The petitioner thereafter brought an action being Civil Suit No 199 of 1981 in the Court of Civil Judge Senior Division Nasik which is pending for hearing
During the pendency of these proceedings the management again commenced an enquiry under the provisions of Clause 773 of the Secondary Schools Code
This enquiry was completed without any compliance of the principles of natural justice in as much as the petitioner was not served with the chargesheet by the Enquiry Committee nor his nominee one Mr RG Kunte a teacher was allowed to participate in the proceedings of the Enquiry Committee
It was also alleged that out of 75 documents which the petitioner demanded inspection of only 25 documents were given inspection and the Enquiry Committee merely supplied him its findings without giving copy of summary of the proceedings of the Enquiry Committee
The findings recorded by the Enquiry Committee was received by the petitioner on 2641979 recommending termination of his service from the post of Assistant Teacher
The management also sent its order terminating the petitioner s service and this was received by him on 2641979
It was submitted that the entire procedure adopted by the Enquiry Com 463 mittee was in violation of Clause 773 of Secondary Schools Code and in fact the enquiry was exparte
Petitioner prayed for setting aside the order of the Enquiry Committee and for allowing the appeal
The Deputy Director of Education Nasik without giving any hearing to the petitioner sent a letter dated 1221980 informing the petitioner that under instruction from the Director of Education the decision of termination of service on the basis of the first enquiry held by the management of the Institute against him being upheld by the Director of Education it was not necessary to entertain his appeal against the decision of the enquiry subsequently held
The appeal was therefore filed
The respondent No 4 the Deputy Director of Education thus did not at all consider and decide the appeal after hearing the parties including the petitioner
The petitioner then made a representation to the Government by letter dated 841981 to decide the appeal in accordance with law
The government by letter dated 2441981 informed the petitioner that his appeal and his letter with the enclosures had been forwarded to the School Tribunal for hearing of the appeal and deciding it
This School Tribunal dismissed the said appeal without giving any decisions on merits
Against the order of the School Tribunal the petitioner filed a writ petition No 4063 of 1984 before the High Court Bombay
This writ petition was rejected by recording the following order Heard
In view of the earlier rejection of WP as well as the application to file appeal to Supreme Court this WPis also rejected
Aggrieved by the said judgment the petitioner filed the instant petition for special leave to appeal in this Court
lt was pleaded in the special leave petition that the third enquiry proceeding was commenced by the management under the provisions of Clause 773 of the Secondary School Code
During the pendency of the aforesaid proceedings it was further pleaded that the enquiry committee while proceeding with the enquiry arbitrarily violated the principles of natural justice as well as the provisions of Clause 773 of the said code
The Headmaster who was biased against the petitioner was appointed as one of the members of the Enquiry Com 464 mittee and he did not permit the petitioner s nominee to be
present in the enquiry which was held exparte
The petitioner was asked by the opposite party No 1 the New Education Institute by its letter dated 1511979 to nominate his representative
The petitioner by his letter dated 2911979 enquired of the management whether his nominee should be a Headmaster or an Assistant Teacher or a member of the Governing Council as the charges related to his actions as Headmaster as well as Assistant Teacher
No reply was received by the petitioner to this letter on the other hand an intimation was received by him on February 28 1979 about the formation of the Enquiry Committee
Immediately he nominated Mr RG Kunte as his nominee in the Enquiry Committee
The Enquiry Committee did not permit Mr
RG Kunte to be associated with the enquiry and it did neither send any chargesheet to the petitioner nor did it supply him the proceedings of the Enquiry Committee
It merely communicated to the petitioner its findings recorded on 2541479 and the same was received by the petitioner on 2641979 whereby the service of the petitioner as Assistant Teacher was terminated
The appeal filed by the petitioner against the said order to the respondent No 4 Deputy Director of Education Nasik was also not heard and decided after giving hearing to the petitioner
But respondent No 4 merely communicated by his letter dated 1221980 to the petitioner that as the decision of termination by the management on the basis of the first enquiry had been upheld so the appeal was filed
It was urged on behalf of the petitioner that the representation made by him to the Government was sent to the School s Tribunal with a direction to hear the appeal of the petitioner
The School s Tribunal dismissed the appeal without at all considering and determining the relevant questions involved in the appeal by simply holding that since writ petition against the earlier order of termination of service of the petitioner was rejected by the High Court the petitioner had no right to prefer any appeal to this Tribunal for agitating the same question though the appeal was filed against the subsequent order of termination made by the managing committee of the Institution
It was also urged on behalf of the petitioner that the Enquiry Committee was biased against the petitioner and one of the nominee in the Enquiry Committee was the Headmaster of the Institute who was the original complainant against the petitioner and therefore he was nominated by management to act as a Judge of his own cause
It was also submitted that the High Court of Bombay did not at all consider and decide both 465 the writ petitions ie the writ petition No 1837 of 1980 and writ A petition No 4063 of 1984 on merits which were dismissed by recording the laconic order rejected 
No speaking order was made assigning any reason whatsoever for rejecting the aforesaid two writ petitions which involved substantial questions of law and facts
It is a cardinal principle of rule of law which governs our policy that the Court including Writ Court is required to record reasons while disposing of a writ petition in order to enable the litigents more particularly the aggrieved party to know the reasons which weighed with the mind of the Court in determining the questions of facts and law raised in the writ petition or in the action brought
This is imperative for the fair and equitable administration of justice
More so when there is a statutory provision for appeal to the higher court in the hierarchy of courts in order to enable the superior court or the Appellate Court to know or to be apprised of the reasons which impelled the court to pass the order in question
This recording of reasons in deciding cases or applications affecting rights of parties is also a mandatory requirement to be fulfilled in consonance with the principles of natural justice
It is no answer at all to this legal position that for the purpose of expeditious disposal of cases a laconic order like dismissed  or rejected  will be made without passing a reasoned order or a speaking order
It is not however necessary that the order disposing of a writ petition or of a cause must be a lengthy one recording in detail all the reasons that played in the mind of the court in coming to the decision
What is imperative is that the order must in a nutshell record the relevant reasons which were taken into consideration by the Court in coming to its final conclusions and in disposing of the petition or the cause by making the order thereby enabling both the party seeking justice as well as the superior court where an appeal lies to know the mind of the court as well as the reasons for its finding on questions of law and facts in deciding the said petition or cause
In other words fair play and justice demands that justice must not only be done but must seem to have been done
It is pertinent to refer in this connection some of the decisions rendered by this Court
In Mahabir Prasad vs State of MP  at 134 it has been observed as follows opportunity to a party interested in the dispute to present his case on questions of law as well of fact ascertainment of facts from materials before the Tribunal after disclosing 466 the materials to the party against whom it is intended to use them and adjudication by reasoned judgment upon a finding of the facts in controversy and application of the law to the facts found are attributes of even a quasi judicial determination
It must appear not merely that the authority entrusted with quasi judicial authority has reached a conclusion or the problem before him it must appear that he has reached a conclusion which is according to law and just and for ensuring that end he must record the ultimate mental process leading from the dispute to its solution
Satisfactory decision of a disputed claim may be reached only if it be supported by most cogent reasons the appeal to the authority
Recording of reasons in support of a decision on a disputed claim by a quasi judicial authority ensures that the decision is reached according to law as is not the result of caprice whim or fancy or reached on the grounds of policy or expediency
A party to the dispute is ordinarily entitled to know the grounds on which the authority has rejected his claim if the order is subjected to appeal the necessity to record reasons in greater for with out recorded reasons the appellate authority has no mate rial on which it may determine whether the facts were properly ascertained the relevant law was correctly applied and the decision was just
 This decision was rendered in connection with the cancellation of the license of a wholesale distributor in sugar under UP Sugar Dealer s Licensing order 1962 by the District Magistrate and the rejection of the appeal by the State Government without recording any reasons
The above decision referred to in the case of Madhya Pradesh Industries Ltd vs Union of India Ors  where it has been observed that the practice of the executive authority dismissing statutory appeals against order which seriously prejudice the rights of the aggrieved party without giving reasons is a negation of rule of law
Similar observations have been made in the case of Mahabir Jute Mills vs Shibbon Lal Al
R at 2060
The same view was also reiterated in Siemen Engineering  Manufacturing Co vs Union of India  and Bachhan Singh vs State of Punjab AIR 1980 SC 1355 at 1358 paras 18  19 and it was observed that where an authority made an order in exercise of a quasi judicial func 467 tion it must record its reasons in support of the order it made
Similar A view was expressed by this Court in the case of Rangnath vs Daulat Rao and others  at 690 para 7
Every quasi judicial order must be supported by reasons
This well settled principle will undoubtedly apply to orders made by a Court in disposing of writ applications
In the premises aforesaid the appeal is allowed and the judgment and order passed on 8101984 in writ petition No 4063 of 1984 is hereby set aside
The Court below is directed to dispose of the said writ petition in accordance with law after giving hearing to the parties and by passing a speaking order as expeditiously as possible preferably within a period of four months from the date of receipt of the records by the court below
Let the records be sent to the court below forthwith
There will however be no order as to costs
APJ Appeal allowed


Summary:
The petitioner was initially appointed as an Assistant Teacher in a school run by the respondent society subsequently promoted as Supervisor and thereafter was working as Principal till reversion by a Resolution of the Managing Committee of the respondent society
The petitioner challenged the Resolution of reversion by filing a suit which was dismissed
The Appellate Court allowed the appeal holding that the order of reversion was illegal and bad and further held that the petitioner was entitled to have all the benefits and emoluments as Principal
During the pendency of the second appeal opposite party No 1 commenced a departmental enquiry against the petitioner under cl
773 of Secondary School Code which related to mistakes in accounting in matters pertaining to the society and not relating to the school and the Enquiry Committee recommended the termination of the petitioner s services
The petitioner filed an appeal to the Deputy Director of Education who held that the order terminating service was disproportionate to the findings recorded by the Enquiry Committee and directed that the petitioner s service should not be terminated till the decision of the suit
This order was challenged by the management before the Director of Education
The joint Director of Education allowed the appeal and upheld the recommendations made by the Enquiry Committee regarding the termination of service
The writ petition filed by the petitioner challenging the impugned order was rejected by merely recording the order rejected 
Thereafter the petitioner filed a suit and during its pendency the 459 management again commenced an enquiry which was completed without any compliance of the principles of natural justice and the Enquiry Committee recommended termination of the services of the petitioner from the post of Assistant Teacher
In appeal the Deputy Director of Education without giving any hearing to the petitioner sent a letter informing him that under instructions from the Director of Education the decision of termination of service on the basis of the first enquiry held against him being upheld by the Director of Education it was not necessary to entertain his appeal against the decision of the subsequent enquiry and therefore the appeal was filed
On a representation made by the petitioner the Government forwarded the appeal to the School Tribunal which was dismissed
The writ petition of the petitioner was also rejected
The petitioner appealed to this Court by way of Special Leave Petition
Allowing the appeal the court  HELD 1
The Judgment and Order passed on 861984 in Writ Petition No 4063 of 1984 is set aside and the Court below directed to dispose of the said writ petition in accordance with law after hearing the parties and by passing a speaking order as expeditiously as possible preferably within a period of four months
467B C 2
Fair play and justice demands that justice must not only be done but must seems to have been done
465F G Mahabir Prasad vs State of MP AIR 1970 SC 1302 at 1304 Madhya Pradesh Industries Ltd vs Union of India  Ors
   Mahabir Jute Mills vs Shibbon Lal  at 2060 Siemen Engineering  Manufacturing Co vs Union of India AIR 1976 SC 785 Bachhan Singh vs State of Punjab AIR 1980 SC 1355 at 1358 paras 18  19 and Rangnath vs Daulat Rao and Others  at 690 para 7 followed
It is a cardinal principle of the rule of law which governs our policy that the Court including writ Court is required to record reasons while disposing of a writ petition
This is imperative for the fair and 460 equitable adminstration of justice
The recording of reasons in deciding cases or applications affecting rights of parties is a mandatory requirement to be fulfilled in consonance with the principles of natural justice465B D 4
It is no answer that for the purpose of expeditious disposal of cases a laconic order like dismissed  or rejected  will be made without passing a reasoned order or a speaking order
465D E 5
The order must in a nutshell record the relevant reasons which were taken into consideration by the Court in coming to its final conclusions and in disposing of the petition or the cause by making the order thereby enabling both the parties seeking justice as well as the superior Court where an appeal lies to know the mind of the Court as well as the reasons for its finding on questions of law and facts in deciding the said petition or cause
465E F