Appeal No 209 of 1959
Appeal from the judgment and order dated October 5 1956 of the Patna High Court in Miscellaneous Appeal No 367 of 1953
L K Jha and R C Prasad for the Appellant
M C Setalvad Attorney General for India N De and P K Mukherjee for the respondents
April 7
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by VENKATARAMA AIYAR J
This is an appeal against the Judgment of the High Court of Patna in an appeal under the 
The appellant is the State of Bihar and the respondents are a company registered under the Indian Companies Act doing business as building contractors
They entered into three contracts for the construction of aerodrome hangarettes buildings stores and other works at Ranchi the first of them being contract No 21 of 1942 dated November 5 1942 and the other two being contracts Nos 6 and 8 dated April 5 1943
After the above works were completed disputes arose between the parties over the bills and eventually by an agreement dated February 6 1948 they were referred to the arbitration of one Col A W section Smith
The arbitrator made his award on June 4 1948 and sent a copy thereof to the parties
The respondents thereupon filed a petition under sections 17 and 20 of the Indian  for a decree in terms of the award
The appellant filed objections thereto and the petition was then registered as Title Suit No 53 of 1951
While this suit was pending the arbitrator who had meantime left for Hong Kong sent to the court of the Additional Subordinate Judge of 829 Ranchi before whom the suit was pending a copy of the award duly signed by him for being filed as provided in the Act
Notices were issued by the court under section 142 of the Act and in answer thereto the appellant filed an application to set aside the award on various grounds
To this the respondents filed their reply statement
In view of this application the respondents did not press their petition tinder sections 17 and 20 of the  which was in consequence dismissed and the proceedings which commenced with the receipt of the award from the arbitrator were continued as Title Suit No 53 of 1951
After an elaborate trial the Additional Subordinate Judge Ranchi passed a decree in terms of the award except as to a part which he held to be in excess of the claim
The appellant took the matter in appeal to the High Court of Patna which confirmed the decree of the Subordinate Judge but granted a certifi cate under articles 132 and 1331 of the Constitution and hence this appeal
Though the controversy between the parties ranged in the courts below over a wide area before us it was restricted to two questions whether there was a valid agreement of reference to arbitration binding on the Government and whether a decree could be passed on the unstamped copy of the award filed in the court
On the first question the appellant contends that the agreement for reference to arbitration does not comply with the requirements of section 1753 of the Government of India Act 1935 which was the Constitutional provision in force at the relevant date and it is therefore void that the award passed in proceedings founded thereon is a nullity and that no decree should be passed in terms thereof
Section 1753 is as follows Subject to the provisions of this Act
with respect to the Federal Railway authority all contracts made in the exercise of the executive authority of the Federation or of a province shall be expressed to be made by the Governor General or by the Governor of the Province as the case may be and all such contracts and all assurances of property 830 made in the exercise of that authority shall be executed on behalf of the Governor General or Governor by such persons and in such manner as he may direct or authorise
 Under this section a contract entered into by the Governor of a Province must satisfy three conditions
It must be expressed to be made by the Governor it must be executed and the execution should be by such persons and in such manner as the Governor might direct or authorise
We have now to examine whether the agreement to refer to arbitration dated February 6 1948 satisfies the above conditions
It expressed to be made between the Governor of Bihar and the respondents
It is also a formal document executed by one Y K Lall Executive Engineer Ranchi Division and by the respondents
So the only point that remains for consideration is whether the Executive Engineer was a person who was directed or authorised by the Governor to execute the agreement in question
The appellant contends that he as not and relies in support of his contention on a notification dated April 1 1937 issued by the Government of Bihar
That notification in so far as it is material is as follows In exercise of the powers conferred by sub section 3 of section 175 of the Government of India Act 1935 the Governor of Bihar is pleased in supersession of all existing orders to direct that the undermentioned classes of deeds contracts and other instrument may be executed on his behalf as follows AIn the case of the Public Works Department subject to any limit fixed by
Departmental orders 2
All instruments relating to the execution of works of all kinds connected with buildings bridges roads canals tanks reservoirs docks and harbours and embankments and also instrumets relating By Secretaries to Government Chief Engineers Superin tending Engineers Divisional Officers Sub divisional Offi cers Assistant or Assistant Executive 831 to the construction of water Engineers and the works sewage works the n Electric Inspector
erection of machinery and the working of coal mines
        12
All deeds and in By Secretaries and struments relating to any  Joint Secretaries to matters other than those Government
specified in heads 1 to 11
There was a discussion in the courts below as to whether the present agreement fell within item 2 or item 12
If the agreement could be held to be an instrument relating to the execution of works it would fall within item 2 and the Executive Engineer would be a person authorised under this notification to enter into this contract but if it does not fall within that item it must fall within entry 12 in which case he would not be competent to execute the agreement
Both the courts below have held that the agreement to refer to arbitration was not one relating to execution of works as that had been completed and the dispute related only to payment of the bills and that further the essential feature of an arbitration agreement was the constitution of a private Tribunal and it could not therefore be brought within item 2 and that accordingly it fell within item 12
But the learned Judges of the High Court were also of the opinion that Y K Lall the Executive Engineer had in fact been specifically authorised to execute the arbitration agreement and that that was sufficient for the purpose of section 1753
The appellant impugns the correctness of this conclusion and contends that it is not warranted by the record
It becomes therefore necessary to refer in some detail to the correspondence bearing on this point
On July 26 1947 Mr Murrel Secretary to the Government wrote to Col Smith as follows I am directed to say that the Government of Bihar propose to appoint you as Arbitrator for the settlement of a claim put forth by Messrs Karam Chand Thapar and Brothers Limited in connection with the construction of the Hinoo Aerodrome at Ranchi Job 108 If You agree to undertake the 832 work  the necessary forms of acceptance of appointment of Arbitrator etc
may please be for warded to this Department for completion by the Government of Bihar and by the Contractor
 To this Col Smith sent a reply agreeing to act as arbitrator
In that letter he also suggested that the contract between the parties might be suitably amended so as to permit arbitration
This is significant because under cl 23 of the contract all disputes between the parties had to be referred to the Superintending Engineer whose decision was to be final and if that had been amended as suggested the arbitration clause would have become part of the original contract and there would have been no occasion for the present contention
Referring to the above suggestion for amending the agreement the Secretary Mr Murrel wrote on September 5 1947 to Col Smith that the opinion of the Legal Remembrancer would have to be got
On January 19 1948 Col Smith wrote to the Secretary that he was ready to take up his duties as arbitrator and again desired that the contract should be amended so as to provide for arbitration
On January 27 1948 the Secretary to the Government informed Col Smith that opinion had been received from the Legal Remembrancer that an agreement for arbitration should be executed in accordance with the provisions of the and that a draft agreement copy enclosed has been drawn up accordingly and steps are being taken to execute it as quickly as possible On the same date the Executive Engineer wrote to the respondents as follows It has since been decided by Government to determine your claims in connection with the above through arbitration conducted in accordance with the provisions of the 1 of 1940
You are therefore requested to please attend the Divisional Office immediately to execute necessary agreement for the purpose Pursuant to this letter the respondents joined in the execution of the agreement dated February 6 1948 along with the Executive Engineer for referring the 833 dispute to arbitration
On February 25 1948 the Secretary informed the arbitrator that the draft agreement had been slightly modified in consultation with the Government Pleader and he also wrote to the Executive Engineer that certain formal corrections should be made in the agreement and signed by both the parties
And that was done
Having carefully gone through the correspondence we agree with the learned Judges of the High Court that the Executive Engineer had been authorised by the Governor acting through his Secretary to execute the agreement for reference to arbitration
It will be seen that it was the Secretary who from the very inception took the leading part in arranging for arbitration
He was throughout speaking in the name of and on behalf of the Government and he did so as directed
The subject matter of the arbitration was a claim which concerned the Government
The proposal at the earlier stages to amend cl
23 of the original contract so as to include an arbitration shows that the intention of the parties was to treat the agreement for arbitration as part and parcel of that contract
Even after the agreement was executed the Secretary made corrections and modifications in the agreement on the basis that it was the Government that was a party thereto
The conclusion from all this is in our judgment irresistible that Y K Lall the Executive Engineer had been authorised to execute the agreement dated February 6 1948
It was suggested that the Secretary was possibly labouring under a mistaken notion that the agreement to refer to arbitration was covered by item 2 and acting under that misconception he directed Y K Lall to execute the agreement
Even if that were so that would not make any difference in the position because the Secretary undoubtedly did intend that Y K Lall should execute the agreement and that is all that is required under section 1753
It was further argued for the appellant that there being a Government notification of a formal character 834 we should not travel outside it and find authority in a person who is not authorised thereunder
But section 1753 does not prescribe any particular mode in which authority must be conferred
Normally no doubt such conferment will be by notification in the Official Gazette but there is nothing in the section itself to preclude authorisation being conferred ad hoc on any person and when that is established the requirements of the section must be held to be satisfied
In the result we hold that the agreement dated February 6 1948 was executed by a person who was authorised to do so by the Governor and in consequence there was a valid reference to arbitration
It is next contended that as the copy of the award in court was unstamped no decree could have been passed thereon
The facts are that the arbitrator sent to each of the parties a copy of the award signed by him and a third copy also signed by him was sent to the court
The copy of the award which was sent to the Government would appear to have been insufficiently stamped
If that had been produced in court it could have been validated on payment of the deficiency and penalty under section 35 of the Indian Stamp Act 1899
But the Government has failed to produce the same
The copy of the award which was sent to the respondents is said to have been seized by the police along with other papers and is not now available
When the third copy was received in court tile respondents paid the requisite stamp duty under section 35 of the Stamp Act and had it validated
Now the contention of the appellant is that the instrument actually before the court is what it purports to be a certified copy and that under section 35 of the Stamp Act there can be validation only of the original when it is unstamped or insufficiently stamped that the document in court which is a copy cannot be validated and acted upon and that in consequence no decree could be passed thereon
The law is no doubt well settled that the copy of an instrument cannot be validated That was held in The Rajah of Bobbili vs Inuganti China Sitaramasani Garu 1 where it was observed 835 The provisions of this section section 35 which allow a document to be admitted in evidence on payment of penalty have no application when the original document which was unstamped or was insufficiently stamped has not been produced and accordingly secondary evidence of its contents cannot be given
To hold otherwise would be to add to the Act a provision which it does not contain
Payment of penalty will not render secondary evidence admissible for under the stamp law penalty is leviable only on an unstamped or insufficiently stamped document actually produced in Court and that law does not provide for the levy of any penalty on lost documents Therefore the question is whether the award which was sent by the arbitrator to the court is the original instrument or a copy thereof
There cannot in our opinion be any doubt that it is the original and not a copy of the award
What the arbitrator did was to prepare the award in triplicate sign all of them and send one each to the party and the third to the court
This would be an original instrument and the words certified copy appearing thereon are a mis description and cannot have the effect of altering the true character of the instrument
There is no substance in this contention of the appellant either
In the result the appeal fails and is dismissed with costs
Appeal dismissed


Summary:
A dispute between the respondent company and the Government of Bihar over the bills for the amount payable to tile company in respect of the construction works carried out by it for the Government was referred to arbitration
The agreement to refer to arbitration was executed on behalf of the Governor by L an executive engineer who had been specifically authorised to do so by a Secretary to the Government
The arbitrator made his award and sent copies thereof to the parties
The respondent applied to the Court under the provisions of the  for a decree in terms of the award
The State filed objections thereto and the matter was registered as a suit
While the suit was pending the arbitrator sent to the court a copy of the award duly signed by him for being filed as provided in the Act and on the receipt thereof the respondent bad it validated on payment of the requisite stamp duty under section 35 of the Indian Stamp Act 1899
The appellant the State of Bihar contended that no decree could be passed on the basis of the award on the grounds 1 that the agreement for reference to arbitration did not comply with the requirements of section 1753 of the Government of India Act 1935 inasmuch as it was not signed by the person authorised to do so under the notification issued by the Government of Bihar on April 1 1937 in exercise of the powers conferred by section 1753 and 2 that the instrument before the court was a certified copy and that under section 35 of the Indian Stamp Act 1899 a copy Could not be validated or acted upon
Held that section 1753 of the Government of India Act 1935 does not prescribe any particular mode in which authority must be conferred and that where authorisation is conferred ad hoc on any person the requirements of the section must be held to be satisfied
828 Held further that the award sent by the arbitrator to the court was the original and not a copy of the award and by applying the provisions of section 35 of the Indian Stamp Act 1899 it was effectively validated
The Rajah of Bobbili vs Inuganti China Sitaramasami Garu 1899 LR 26 IA 262 referred to