ivil Appeal Nos
1725 26 of 1973
From the judgment and order dated 27th October 1972 of the Allahabad High Court in Special Appeals Nos 424 and 425 of 1971
P N Lekhi MK Garg and V K Jain for the Appellants
A P section Chauhan and CK Ratnaparkhi for the Respondents
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by TULZAPURKAR J
These appeals by certificate granted by the Allahabad High Court raise the following substantial question of law of general importance which needs to be decided by this Court Whether the view taken by the Full Bench in Smt
Maya vs Raja Dulaji and others 1 that the lessorlandlord should not only be disabled person on the relevant dates but that he should continue to live on the date immediately preceding the date of vesting within the meaning of clauses h of section 21 1 of the UP Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act represents a correct construction of clause h of section 211 of the Act  The facts giving rise to the aforesaid question may be stated
One Smt Ram Kali widow of Tikam Singh was the land holder of the plots agricultural land in dispute situated in villages Agaota 371 and Khaiya Khera in District Bulandshahr UP
On June 14 1945 Smt
Ram Kali who was a Sirdar and a disabled person  falling within section 157 1 of the UP Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act 1950 hereinafter called the Act executed a registered deed of lease for a period of S years in favour of Uttam Singh the predecessors in title of the respondents but before the expiry of the period of S years she died in August 1945 and Dan Sahai her husband s real brother and predecessors in title of the appellants inherited her interest
Dan Sahai was also a disabled person  within the meaning of section 1571 of the Act
It seems that after the expiry of the period of the registered lease Uttam Singh and Murli Singh continued to hold the land as tenants from year to year under Dan Sahai
In consolidation proceedings a question arose whether Uttam Singh and Murli Singh who were lessees under Smt
Ram Kali and Dan Sahai acquired the status of Sirdars or they remained Asamis of the plots in dispute
The case of Dan Sahai was that they were Asamis and not adhivasis entitled to be treated as Sirdars under section 240 of the Act and that depended upon whether as tenants or occupants of the plots in dispute their case fell within the provisions of section 211 h of the Act
The contention of Dan Sahai was that since Smt
Ram Kali was a disabled person on the date of letting and since he who succeeded her was also a disabled person on April 2 1946 the lease in favour of Uttam Singh and Murli Singh would fall within section 211 h and as such Uttam Singh and Murli Singh shall be deemed to be Asamis
On the other hand the contention on behalf of Uttam Singh and Murli Singh was that the land holder should not only be a disabled person on both the dates mentioned in sub cl
a of cl
h of section 211 being the date of letting as also April 9 1946 but the same landlord should continue to live on the date immediately preceding the date of vesting which is 1 7 1952 under the Act and since in the instant case the same landlord who had let out the plots and who was disabled person on the date of letting had not continued to live on the date immediately preceding the date of vesting section 211 b was totally inapplicable and therefore they were entitled to be treated as Sirdars
The Division Bench of the Allahabad High Court in Special Appeals Nos
424 425 of 1971 accepted the contention raised by counsel on behalf of Uttam Singh and Murli Singh the respondents  predecessors relying on the view taken by the Full Bench in Smt
Maya vs Raja Dulaji and others 1 and decided the appeals in their favour by holding that they were not Asamis but had become Sirdars
372 At the outset it may be stated that it was not disputed either in the lower courts or before us that both Smt
Ram Kali as well as Shri Dan Sahai who succeeded to her interest in the plots after her death were disabled persons under section 1571 of the Act
In fact it was accepted by both the sides that on the date of letting being 14th June 1945 Smt
Ram Kali the then land holder was a disabled person and on 9th April 1946 being the other relevant date under sub clause a of clause h of section 211 Dan Sahai the then land holder was a disabled person who continued to be the land holder upto the date of vesting and the question is whether in such 8 case the occupation of the plots by Uttam Singh and Murli Singh under the lease from both of them would fall within the provisions of section 211 h of the Act
The relevant provision runs thus 211 Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act every person who on the date immediately preceding the date of vesting occupied or held land as   h a tenant of sir of land referred to in sub clause a of clause i of the explanation under section 16 a sub tenant referred to in sub clause ii of clause a of section 20 or an occupant referred to in sub clause i of the said section where the land holder or if there are more than one land holders all of them were person or persons belonging a if the land was let out or occupied prior to the ninth day of April 1946 both on the date of letting or occupation as the case may be and on the ninth day of April 1946 and b if the land was let out or occupied on or after the ninth day of April 1946 on the date of letting or occupation to any one or more of the classes mentioned in sub section I of Section 157
shall be deemed to be an asami thereof  373 In other words section 21 1 h provides that every person occupying or A holding land in any one of the capacities mentioned in cl
h on the date immediately preceding 1 7 1952 shall be deemed to be an Asami thereof notwithstanding anything contained in the Act if the landholder or if there are more than one all of them were disabled persons within the meaning of section 1571 both on the date of letting as well as on April 9 1946 where the letting has taken place prior to April 9 1946 or were disabled persons on the date of letting if the letting has occurred after April 9 1946
In the instant case it is not disputed that Uttam Singh and Murli Singh were on the date immediately preceding the date of vesting holding or occupying the plots in question in one or the other capacity mentioned in cl
h secondly since the letting was prior to April 9 1946 sub cl
a of cl
h is attracted and it is also not disputed that on the date of letting the then land holder Smt
Ram Kali was a disabled person and on April 9 1946 the then land holder Dan Sahai who succeeded her was also a disabled person under section 1571 of the Act
Incidentally Dan Sahai continued to be the land holder on the date immediately preceding 17 1952
On these facts it seems to us clear that all the requirements of section 211 h could be said to have been satisfied but the Division Bench relying upon the Full Bench decision in Smt
Maya vs Raja Dulaji and others supra held that Uttam Singh and Murli Singh were not Asamis and had become Sirdars because section 211 h was not attracted inasmuch as in their view it was a requirement of that provision that not merely should the land holder be a disabled person on both the dates mentioned in sub cl
a of cl
h but the same land holder should continue to be landholder on the date immediately preceding the date of vesting ie the identity of the disabled land holder or landholders on both the dates and the land holder or land holders seeking the benefit or protection of the provision on the date immediately preceding 171952 must remain unchanged and this requirement was not satisfied in this case
The question is whether on true construction of the provision such a requirement can be read into the said provision  In Smt
Maya vs Raja Dulaji and others supra the facts were that the disputed plots belonged to one Bijain and were inherited on his death by his widow Smt
Lakshmi and when Smt
Lakshmi died her minor unmarried daughter Kumari Maya became the land holder
Her elder sister Saheb Kunwar acting as her guardian executed a registered lease of the plots in favour of the plaintiffs Ram Charan and others on 15101947 for a period of five years a case falling under sub cl
b of cl
Later on Maya was also married to her 374 sister s husband Thakurdas who was admitted to the holding as co tenant with Maya with the consent of the Zamindar in the year 1948
Thus on the date of vesting 171952 both Maya who was still minor and disabled person as well as her husband Thakurdas were the land holders of the plots in question
The lessee plaintiffs filed a suit in the year 1954 for a declaration that they had become Adhivasis of the land on the coming into force of the UPZA and LR Act and had subsequently acquired Sirdari rights on the passing of the UP Act XX of 1954 The suit was decreed by both the Courts below and hence Maya defendant preferred a second appeal to the High Court
The question raised for determination was whether for the purposes of section 21  1 h the disability of the landholders who were in existence on the date of vesting was material or the disability of the land holders who let out the land was a deciding factor The Court noticed that section 211 h had been introduced in the Act for the first time by UP Act XVI of 1953 with retrospective effect from July 1 1952 and was later on amended by UP Act XX of 1954 and has thereafter continued in its present form
Section 211 h as originally enacted in express terms required that the land holder or if there are more than one landholder all of them were person or persons belonging both on the date of letting and on the date immediately preceding the date of vesting to any one or more of the classes mentioned in sub section
2 of section 10 or cl
viii of sub section
I of section 157
As a result of the amendment made by Act XX of 1954 the words both on the date of letting and on the date immediately preceding the date of vesting were omitted
In other words by the amendment the requirement that disability of the land holder should subsist on the date immediately preceding the date of vesting was deleted
The Full Bench accepted the position that for purposes of section 211 h in its present form the disability of the land holder need not continue or subsist on the date immediately preceding the date of vesting and might cease on or before the date of vesting but took the view that in the case before it there were two land holders on the date immediately preceding the date of vesting namely Smt
Maya and her husband Thakurdas that a new body of land holders  had come into existence subsequent to the date of letting and that all of them were not land holders who had let out the land as disabled person and therefore the plaintiffs became Adhivasis and the defendants were not entitled to the benefit of section 211 h of the Act
In other words the Full Bench has been of the view that for purposes of section 211 h it is necessary that the land holders on the date immediately preceding the date of vesting must be the same persons as those who let out the 375 land and suffered from disability on the date of letting and also on A April 9 1946 in case the letting was before that date
In other words the identity of the land holder or land holders must remain unchanged up to the date of vesting
For reading such a requirement into the provision the Full Bench has given two reasons a that such a requirement arises on construction of certain words used in cl
h vide para 17 of the Judgment and b that the protection given to a disabled landholder was intended to be a personal protection granted to the very individual who let out the land as a disabled person and this was warranted by a historical survey of parallel provisions contained in the preceding Tenancy Laws in UP vide Para 19
According to the Full Bench the crucial words used in cl
h are where the landholder or if there are more than one land holder all of them were person or persons belonging to any one or more of the classes of disabled persons under section 1571 and the Full Bench has reasoned the word are  and the word them  together with the word were  in the aforementioned phrase clearly show that the intention of the Legislature was that on the date of vesting the land holder  should be the very person who was the land holder on the relevant dates to earn the benefit of cl
h of section 211
The Court observed that section 211 b could bear the interpretation suggested by counsel for Smt
Maya only if the words or their predecessor in interest  were added before the words all of them
The Court has further stated that historical survey of the parallel provisions contained in the preceding Tenancy Laws showed that the protection given to a disabled person had always been in the nature of a personal protection granted to the very individual who let out the land as a disabled land holder and the protection ceased to be available when the identity or personality of that land holder is changed and in that behalf reliance was placed on certain provisions of the Agra Tenancy Act 1926 and UP Tenancy Act 1939
In our view neither reason holds good for sustaining the literal construction placed upon the provision by the Full Bench
It is true that cl
h contains the phrase where the land holder or if there are more than one landholder all of them were persons belonging to any one or more of the classes mentioned in section 1571 but for arriving at the correct interpretation of this crucial phrase it is necessary to have regard to the definition of landholder  and the provisions of section 157 of the Act with which section 211 h is inter connected
376 Under section 326 of the Act the definition of landholder  as given in the UP Tenancy Act 1939 has been adopted since the expression is not defined in the Act
That expression has been defined in section 311 of the UP Tenancy Act 1939 thus Landholder means the person to whom rent is or but for a contract express or implied would be payable
 This definition must be read in light of section 31 of that Act which runs thus All words and expressions used to denote the possessor of any right title or interest in land whether the same be proprietary or otherwise shall be deemed to include the predecessors and successors in right title or interest of such Person In other words the expression landholder  who obviously is a possessor of interest in land under section 311 means a person to whom rent is payable and under section 31 by legal fiction it shall include his predecessor in interest as also successor in interest to whom the rent was or is payable
It is such definition that will have to be read in the UPZA and LR Act wherever that expression occurs
It is thus obvious that the expression landholder  occurring in section 211 h must mean a person to whom rent is payable and by fiction would include his predecessor in interest
Read in this light there would be no question of adding the word predecessor in interest of the land holder in section 211 h as that would be implicit in the term landholder  on account of the deeming provision of section 31 read with section 311 of the Tenancy Act 1939
It does appear that this aspect of the matter was not brought to the notice of the Full Bench when it construed the concerned crucial phrase
Moreover after the amendment effected by Act XX of 1954 the thrust of cl
h is on the landholder or landholders being disabled persons on the material dates only
Further section 1571 permits leases by disabled persons and says that a Bhumidhar or an Asami holding land in lieu of maintenance allowance under section 11 who is a disabled person falling under any of the clauses a to g may let the whole or any part of his holding and the proviso thereto is very important which runs thus Provided that in the case of a holding held jointly by more persons than one but one or more of them but not 377 all are subject to the disabilities mentioned in clause a to g the person or persons may let out his or their share in the holding And sub section
2 provides that where any share of a holding has been let out under the aforesaid proviso the Court may on an application of the Asami or the tenure holder determine the share of the lessor in the holding and partition the same
Having regard to the aforesaid proviso under which even in the case of a joint holding a lease of his share by a disabled land holder is permissible and the same is liable to be separated by a partition it is obvious that the expression all of them must refer to all such land holders who were disabled land holders on the material dates
When under the proviso to s 1571 a lease of his share by a disabled land holder in joint holding held alongwith a non disabled person is expressly permitted and under section 1572 the Court has to determine such share of the disabled lessor and partition the same on an application being made in that behalf it is difficult to accept that the Legislature intended to deprive the protection of section 211 h to such disabled land holder simply because on the date immediately preceding the date of vesting such land holder comes to hold the land jointly with some other non disabled land holder
In other words on the facts found in the Full Bench case when on the date of letting the entire holding belonged to Smt
Maya who was a disabled person and on the date of vesting she alongwith her husband Thakurdas a non disabled person became joint holder could Smt
Maya at any rate to the extent of her share in the joint holding be denied the benefit of section 211 h notwithstanding the proviso to section 1571 and section 1572 being in the Statute  The answer is obviously in the negative
In fact in view of the fact that on the material date being the date of letting the entire holding belonged to Smt Maya the disabled person and having regard to the deeming provision which has to be read in the definition of landholder  and having regard to the thrust of amended cl
h which does not require that the successor in interest be a disabled person on the date of vesting the benefit of section 21 1 h should have been extended or made available in respect of the entire holding
In other words on true construction of the crucial phrase occurring in cl
h it is not possible to read into the provision the additional requirement namely that the identity of the land holder or land holders must remain unchanged up to the date of vesting
378 Coming to the second reason the Full Bench has observed that a historical survey of parallel provisions of the Agra Tenancy Act 1926 and UP Tenancy Act 1939 supported the conclusion that protection was granted only to the very individual who let out the land as a disabled land holder and the protection ceased when the identity of the personality of that land holder changed and in that behalf reference was made to section 296 and 7 of the former Act and section 41 2 of the latter Act
Now apart from the fact that the scheme of the UPZA and LR Act is different from these two earlier enactments a careful analysis of the two provisions in the earlier enactments will clearly show that in each of the provisions express words had been used conferring personal rights on the individuals concerned which is not the case with section 211 h of the Act
Having regard to the above discussion we are of the opinion that the view taken by the Full Bench of Allahabad High Court in Smt
Maya vs Raja Dulaji and others supra does not represent the correct construction of section 211 h of the Act
On true construction of the said provision in our view the benefit thereof would be available to the land holder on the date of vesting if the same landholder or his predecessor existing on the material dates was a person or persons belonging to one or more of the classes mentioned in section 1571 of the Act
Since in the instant case which falls under sub cl
a of cl
h on the date of actual letting Smt
Ram Kali was disabled person and since on the next material date namely April 9 1946 Dan Sahai successor in interest of Smt
Ram Kali was also a disabled person the land holder on the date of vesting who incidentally happened to be Dan Sahai would be entitled to the benefit of section 211 h and the respondents successors of Uttam Singh and Murli Singh would remain Asamis and cannot be said to have become Sirdars
We might mention that after the arguments in these appeals were concluded and our Judgment was ready for pronouncement we were informed that in a later case Dwarika Singh vs Dy
Director of Consolidation l a larger Bench of S Judges of the Allahabad High Court has by majority overruled the view taken in Smt
Maya s case
379 In the result the appeals are allowed the orders of the Division Bench in Special Appeals Nos
424 425 of 1971 are set aside and for reasons given by us above the decision of the learned Single Judge dated May 10 1971 is restored
We direct that each party will bear its own costs
section R Appeals allowed


Summary:
One Smt
Ram Kali widow of Tikam Singh was the land holder of the agricultural lands in dispute situated in villages Agaota and Khaiya Khera in District Bulandshahr UP
On June 14 1915 Smt
Ram Kali who was a Sirdar and a disabled person falling within section 1571 of the UP Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act 1950 executed a registered deed of lease fora period of five years in favour of Uttam Singh and Murli Singh the predecessors in title of the respondents but before the expiry of the period of five years she died in August 1945 and Dan Sahai who was also disabled person within the meaning of section 1571 of the Act her husband s real brother and predecessors in title of the appellants inherited her interest
After the expiry of the period of registered lease Uttam Singh and Murli Singh continued to hold the lands as tenants from year to year under Dan Sahai
In consolidation proceedings a question arose whether Uttam Singh and Murli Singh who were lessees adhivasis under Smt
Ram Kali and Dan Sahai acquired the status of Sirdars being entitled to be treated so under section 240B of the Act or they remained Asamis of the plots in dispute
The Division Bench of the Allahabad High Court relying on the earlier view taken by its Full Bench in Smt
Maya vs Raja Dulaji and others  decided the appeals in favour of the respondents by holding that they were not Asamis but had become Sirdars
Hence the appeals by certificate by successors in title of Ram Kali and Dan Sahai
Allowing the appeals the Court  HELD 1
On true construction of section 211h of the UP Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act the benefit thereof would be available to the land holder on the date of vesting if the same land holder or his predecessor existing on the material dates was a person or persons belonging to one or more clauses mentioned in section 1571 of the Act
378 C D Since in the instant case which falls under sub clause a of clause h on the date of actual letting Smt
Ram Kali was a disabled person and since on the next material date namely April 91946 Dan Sahai successor in interest of Smt
Ram Kali was also a disabled person the land holder on the date of vesting who incidentally happened to be Dan Sahai would be entitled to the benefit of section 211h and the respondents successors of Uttam Singh and 369 Murli Singh would remain Asamis and cannot be said to have become Sirdars within the meaning of section 240B of the UP Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act 1950
378 E F 2
Section 211h of the UP Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act 1950 provides that every person occupying or holding land in any one of the capacities mentioned in clause h on the date immediately preceding 1 7 1952 shall be deemed to be an Asami thereof notwithstanding anything contained in the Act if the land holder or if there are more than one all of them were disabled persons within the meaning of section 1571 both on the date of letting as well as on April 9 1946 where the letting has taken place prior to April 9 1946 or were disabled persons on the date of letting if the letting has occurred after April 9 1946
373 A B 31
It is true that clause h contains the phrase where the land holder or if there are more than one land holder all of them were person or persons belonging to any one or more than one of the clauses mentioned in section 1571 of the Act
Under section 326 of the Act the definition of landholder as given in the UP Tenancy Act 1939 has been adopted since the expression is not defined in the Act
The expression land holder who obviously is a possessor of interest in land under section 311 of the UP Tenancy Act 1939 means a person to whom rent is payable and under section 31 ibid
by legal fiction it shall include his predecessor in interest as also successor in interest to whom the rent was or is payable
It is such definition that will have to be read in the UP Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act wherever that expression occurs
Therefore the expression land holder occurring in section 211h of the Act must mean a person to whom rent is payable and by fiction would include his predecessor in interest
Read in this light there would be no question of adding the words predecessor in interest of the land holder in section 211h as that would be implicit in the term land holder on account of deeming provision of section 31 read with section 311 of the UP Tenancy Act 1939
375 G H 376 A D F 32
Section 1571 of the U P Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act permits leases by disabled persons and provides that a Bhumidar or on an Asami holding land in lieu of maintenance allowance under section 11 who is a disabled person falling under any of the clauses a to g may let the whole or any part of his holding provided that in the case of a holding held jointly by more persons than one but one or more of them but not all are subject to the disabilities mentioned in clauses a to g the person or persons may let out his or their share in the holding
Having regard to the proviso under which even in the case of a joint holding a lease of his share by a disabled land holder is permissible and the same is liable to be separated by a partition the expression all of them must refer to all such land holders who were disabled land holders on the material dates
When under the proviso to section 1571 a lease of his share by a disabled land holder in joint holding held along with a non disabled person is expressly permitted and under section 1572 the Court has to determine such share of the disabled lessor and partition the same on an application being made in that behalf it cannot be said that the Legislature intended to deprive the protection of section 211h to such disabled land holder simply because on the date immediately preceding the date of vesting such land holder comes to hold the 370 land jointly with some other non disabled land holder
On true construction of the crucial phrase occurring in clause h it is not possible to read into the provision the additional requirement namely that the identity of the land holder or land holders must remain unchanged up to the date of vesting
376 G H 377 A B D G H Further the scheme of the UP Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act is different from the Agra Tenancy Act 1926 and UP Tenancy Act 1939
In each of the two provisions of these two Acts express words have been used conferring personal rights on the individuals concerned which is not the case with section 211h of the Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act
378 B C Smt
Maya vs Raja Dulaji and Ors
1 over ruled
Dwarika Singh vs Dy
Director of Consolidation All WC 213 1981 All
LJ 484 approved