minal Appeal No 118 of 1959
Appeal by special leave from the judgment and order dated July 2 1957 of the Calcutta High Court in Criminal Appeal No 101 of 1956 arising out of the judgment and order dated January 16 1956 of the Second Court of the Municipal Magistrate Calcutta in case No 208B of 1955
C B Aggarwala B B Tawakley and B P Maheshwari for the appellant
Nalin Chandra Bannerjee Sunil K Basu section N Mukherjee for P K Bose for the respondent No 2 1960
November 24
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by RAGHUBAR DAYAL J
This is an appeal by special leave against the Order of the Calcutta High Court affirming the conviction of the appellants Messrs Madan Mohan Damma Mal Ltd and Om Prokash Manglik its Manager under section 462 of the Calcutta Municipal Act 1951 W B XXXIII of 1951 hereinafter called the Act
The facts leading to this appeal are that Messrs Madan Mohan Damma Mal Ltd hereinafter called appellant No 1 sent a consignment of mustard oil about 499 maunds in weight from Firozabad the place of manufacture to itself at Calcutta on December 25 1954 in tank wagon No 75612
This wagon was placed at the Pathuriaghat siding at Calcutta at 666 about 845 am on January 3 1955
Dr Nityananda Bagui Food Inspector of the Calcutta Corporation accompanied by certain police officers went to that siding and took three samples of mustard oil contained in this wagon after arranging with Om Prokash Manglik appellant No 2 who was found near the wagon the purchase of 12 ounces of oil for annas eight
He took the sample of oil in three phials
They were properly sealed
One of them was given to appel lant No 2
The other two were kept by Dr Bagui
He sent one of them to the Public Analyst for examination the same day
Ashit Ranjan Sen the Public Analyst examined the oil contained in that phial on January 3 1955 but could not come to any positive opinion about its purity
Dr Bagui however seized the tank wagon that evening sealed it with the Corporation s seal and left it in the custody of appellant No 2
The oil in the tank was allowed to be removed to the godown of the appellants on January 6 1955
The lock of the godown was then sealed with the seal of the Corporation
Mr Sen reported on January 4 1955 that the oil was adulterated
He sent a detailed report about the result of the examination on January 24 1955
On receipt of the report about the mustard oil being adulterated Dr Bagui filed a complaint against the appellants on February 4 1955 with respect to their
selling and keeping for sale mustard oil a sample of which was found on analysis to be mustard oil which was adulterated with groundnut oil
During the course of the trial the trial Court on an application on behalf of the appellants ordered the despatch of the third sample phial of the oil in the custody of the Corporation s Health Officer to the Director of Health Services Government of West Bengal for analysis and report
This sample was analysed by Dulal Chandra Dey Court Witness No 1 and found to be adulterated with groundnut oil
The report of the Analyst was however sent to the Court under the signature of Dr section K Chatterjee D W 2 Deputy Director of Health Services Government of West Bengal
667 The appellants appear to have sent the sample of oil in their possession to Om Prakash Oil Expert to the UP Government who reported on July 27 1955 that the sample conforms to Agmark Specification for Mustard Oil and is considered to be free from adulterants such as sesame groundnut and linseed oil 
This report however has not been proved
The Deputy Commissioner of Police Enforcement Branch Calcutta sent a sample of mustard oil on January 10 1955 to the Public Analyst Food  Water West Bengal Public Health Laboratory
Sri section N Mitra D W 7 examined this sample and reported on the basis of its saponification value to be 1733 and iodine value to be 105 that the sample approximated to the standards of genuine mustard oil
This report does not establish that the sample was of pure mustard oil
Sri Mitra s reply to the query from the Deputy Commissioner of Police for clarification makes this very clear
It is But unless conclusive evidence of the presence of a foreign oil corroborated in some instances by the figures of the usual oil contents is obtained the sample is not and cannot be declared adulterated
In the present case the sample of mustard oil has already been examined exhaustively and has been certified as approximating to standards  but not as genuine
The legal implication of the expression is that the sample will have the benefit of doubt
 Further there is no good evidence on the record to establish that the sample sent to Sri Mitra was a sample from the appellants  tank wagon
Dr Bagui does not depose about the police people taking a sample of oil
He was not questioned about the police taking any sample of the oil
There seems to be no good reason for the police taking a sample of oil for the purpose of analysis and finding out whether the mustard oil was pure or not
The case put to Dr Bagui during his cross examination on behalf of the appellants appears to have been that he himself had taken four samples of the mustard oil in question and that one of those samples was sent to the Enforcement Branch
Dr Bagui denied that he had taken 668 four samples of the mustard oil His statement is fully corroborated by the statement of Kalidas Ganguli Sub Inspector Calcutta Enforcement Branch Police Department who had accompanied Dr Bagui on the occasion
He stated that the Corporation Food Inspector took three samples and the police took the one sample which was sealed with the Corporation seal
We are not satisfied that the police actually took one sample of the oil and had it sealed with the Corporation seal as deposed to by Kalidas Ganguli
The Courts below found on the evidence that the mustard oil in the appellants  tank wagon was adulterated with groundnut oil that the appellants were in possession of that oil and had stored that oil for sale in view of the presumption arising under subs
4 of section 462 of the Act and which had not been rebutted on behalf of the appellants
Learned counsel for the appellants has questioned the correctness of these findings
We have considered the evidence in connection with the analysis of the samples of mustard oil by the Chemists
Ashit Ranjan Sen PW 2 Public Analyst who examined the first sample sent by Dr Bagui on January 3 4 1955 found it adulterated on the basis of the data that the B R Index at 40 degree C was 604 and the Bellier s test for groundnut oil was positive inasmuch as it gave turbidity at 28 degree C Court Witness No 1 Dulal Chand Dey who actually analysed the sample sent by the Court also found it adulterated on the basis of his obtaining the saponification value to be 1755 iodine value to be 106degree 8 and the appearance of turbidity at 27 degree C He also found indication of the presence of a small amount of linseed oil
The correctness of his opinion on these data is admitted by Sri Mitra DW 7
In these circumstances the finding of the Courts below that the mustard oil in the appellant s tank wagon was adulterated is correct
It is not established that the sample of mustard oil sent to Sri Mitra by the Deputy Commissioner of the Enforcement Branch contained mustard oil from this tank wagon
The opinion of Sri Mitra about the nature of that sample therefore does not go against the opinion 669 of Sri Sen and Sri Dey that the mustard oil analysed by them was adulterated with groundnut oil
The other contention for the appellants is that they were not in possession of the oil when the sample of mustard oil was taken by Dr Bagui and that therefore no presumption under sub section
4 of section 462 of the Act can be raised against them for holding that the oil was stored for sale
It appears from the judgment of the High Court under appeal that it was not disputed at the hearing before it that the appellants were in possession of the mustard oil whose sample had been taken
On the evidence on the record we are of opinion that they were in possession of the mustard oil
The consignment of oil was from the manufacturing firm appellant No 1 to itself at Calcutta
Its manager appellant No 2 took delivery of the wagon from the railway authorities on January 3 1955
There is no direct evidence to the effect that such delivery was taken prior to Dr Bagui s taking sample of the mustard oil
But the circumstances in our opinion conclusively establish that appellant No 2 had taken delivery of the wagon prior to Dr Bagui s visit and taking samples of oil from the wagon
Appellant No 2 is not expected to and could not have got the wagon opened for the purpose of taking samples of oil if he had not taken delivery of the wagon from the railway authorities
The railway authorities themselves would have seen to it that nobody tampers with the contents of the wagon in its charge
Appellant No 2 must have therefore paid the freight for the wagon prior to Dr Bagui s visit and thus obtained delivery of the wagon
It was thereafter that he got control over the wagon and was in a position to take out oil from it or to permit anyone else to take out oil
We therefore hold that the appellants were in possession of the oil in the tank wagon when Dr Bagui took samples of the oil from it
The main contention however for the appellants is that the presumption that the mustard oil was stored for sale by the appellants under sub section
4 of section 462 of the Act is rebuttable and has been fully rebutted in view of certain arrangements between the 83 670 UP Oil Millers Association and the Deputy Commissioner of Police Enforcement Branch and the letter of the appellants to the Secretary of the Association Exhibit R on January 3 1955
We have considered the various documents which have been referred to in support of the arrangement between the Association stand the Deputy Commissioner Enforcement Branch but do not find therein anything which would restrain legally the appellants from selling the oil even if it is found to be adulterated
The proceedings of the meeting of the U P Oil Millers Association held on June 9 1954 and attended by the Deputy Commissioner and Assistant Commissioner of the Enforcement Branch show that no such agreement has been arrived at
Even the suggestion of the Deputy Commissioner that all the members of the Association should write to their respective mills that all the quantity of oil which would be imported should at first be passed and then made delivery of was not fully accepted the members simply stating that they always and invariably imported pure mustard oil
It was however decided that the samples of oil be taken from the next morning ie June 10 1954
We however find that in November 1954 the U P Oil Millers Association wrote to appellant No I that according to the decision of the Deputy Commissioner of Police Enforcement Branch every application to draw sample and test it should be accompanied by a certificate signed by the Chemist or the Manager or the Proprietor of the Mills to the effect that the mustard oil in the tank wagon was pure mustard oil free from Argemoni linseed or any other adulteration and that in February 1955 and April 1955 the Deputy Commissioner of Police Enforcement Branch had to remind the U P Oil Millers Association that it should advise all its members that whenever they indent any mustard oil from outside Bengal they would see that the railway receipts be accompanied by a clear certificate of examination from the Chemist of the factory who examined the same
Such directions from the Deputy Commissioner of Police Enforcement Branch do not appear to have 671 had any great effect as the consignment of oil received by the appellants was without any such certificate
Mahendra Kumar Gupta DW 1 Chemist of the appellants  mill deposed however that he had taken the sample of the oil sent in that wagon and found it to be genuine mustard oil free from any adulteration
Any such certificate about the purity of the mustard oil sent is not proved to have accompanied the railway receipt and to have been shown or made over to Dr Bagui or to the Police Officers who had accompanied him at the time
Letter Exhibit R was sent on behalf of appellant No I to the Secretary of the U P Oil Millers Association at 10 am on January 3 1955
The letter said Please arrange for sample and test through the proper authorities concerned so that we may take the delivery of oil only if it is found pure on analysis Any such statement can hardly be sufficient to rebut the presumption that the oil which was consigned by appellant No I to itself at Calcutta was stored for sale
The letter itself does not say that the oil will not be sold
It simply says that they may take the delivery of the oil only if it is found pure on analysis
What would be done to the oil if it is found to be impure is not stated
The Association was not in any arrangement with the Corporation which had the sole authority to take action with respect to the adulterat ed mustard oil
The Enforcement Branch of the Police had nothing to do with it
In the circumstances all the so called arrangement with the Enforcement Branch of the Police and the consequent letters similar to letter Exhibit R seem to be a subtle device to make things difficult for the proper authorities responsible to see that mustard oil fit for sale be pure
It is obvious in this case itself how this sort of arrangement has provided an occasion for the coming into existence of the alleged fourth sample of mustard oil from the appellants  tank wagon and the non committal report about its purity
We are therefore of opinion that this letter Exhibit R or the arrangement which led to such communication does not establish 672 that the mustard oil in the wagon which will be otherwise presumed to be stored for sale by the appellants was not stored for sale
We are therefore of opinion that the conviction of the appellants of the offence under section 462 of the Act is correct
The appeal therefore stands dismissed
Appeal dismissed


Summary:
The first appellant No 1 sent a consignment of mustard oil in a tank wagon from Firozabad U P to itself at Calcutta where it took delivery of the wagon from the railway authorities
The Food Inspector took samples of the oil from the wagon which on analysis were found to be adulterated
The appellants were prosecuted under section 462 of the Calcutta Municipal Act 951 for storing adulterated mustard oil for sale
The 665 appellants contended that the presumption under sub section
4 of section 462 that the mustard oil was stored for sale was rebutted in view of certain arrangements between the U P Oil Millers Association and the Deputy Commissioner of Police and of a letter written by the appellants to the Association asking that a sample may be taken and tested so that the appellants may take the delivery of oil only if it is found pure on analysis
 Held that this was not sufficient to rebut the presumption 
that the oil was stored for sale
The letter did not say that the oil would not be sold it was not stated as to what would be done if the oil was found to be impure
There was no arrangement between the Association and the Corporation which was the sole authority to take action
The arrangement and the letter were a device to make detection difficult