Appeal No 611 of 1962
Appeal by special leave from the judgment and decree dated February 11 1959
of the Patna High Court in Appeal from Original Decree No 525 of 1951
Bishan Narain
D R Prem
B R G K Achar and R N Sachthey for the appellant
A V Viswanatha Sastri and K K Sinha for respondents Nos 1 to 5
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by Raghubar Dayal J
Bilas Rai Bohra son of Bansidhar Bohra and Sree Ram Bohra son of Ganpat Ram Bohra sued the Union of India for the recovery of Rs 13448 from the defendant for 831 compensation on account of loss and damage suffered by the plaintiffs owing to non delivery of II bales of cloth which had been consigned on October 20 194 8 by Ms Ram Kishan Das Sagarmal of Bombay to the plaintiffs under the description of Ms Banshidhar Ganpat Rai
It was alleged in para 1 of the plaint that the plaintiffs carried on business in cloth and other articles in the name and style of Ms Bansidhar Ganpat Rai which was their joint family trading firm governed by the Mitakshara School of Hindu Law of which joint family the plaintiffs were the kartas and representatives and that they sued as such
This statement in para 1 of the plaint was not admitted in the written statement
The trial Court decreed the suit on August 29 1951
The decree inter alia said  It is ordered that the suit be decreed with costs defendants do pay to the plaintiffs the sum of Rs 13448 with interest thereon The Union of India appealed to the High Court of Patna and prayed for the setting aside of the decree and for the dismissal of the suit with costs
The plaintiffs respondents were served with notice of the appeal
Subsequently Bilas Rai Bohra died on July 24 1957
On September 5 1958 the Union of India presented an application for substitution under 0 22 r 4 read with 0 22 r 1 1 CPC for setting aside the abatement and condonation of delay
It was stated in the application that the applicant s advocate came to know of the death of Bilas Rai Bohra plaintiff No 1 on May 14 1958 when the case was on the daily list with a note to that effect that he promptly communicated the fact to the railway authorities but due to the mistake of the Attacher proper steps for substitution could not be taken in time
It was further stated that after a good deal of enquiry and efforts for three days the date of the death of Bilas Rai Bohra and the names and addresses of his heirs and legal representatives could be ascertained
A prayer was made for substituting the heirs of Bilas Rai Bohra they being his sons a widow and a daughter
Their names were mentioned in the application
This application was opposed on behalf of the heirs of Bilas Rai Bohra
It was mentioned therein that on September 27 1957 an application for substitution of the heirs of Bilas Rai Bohra was made in another appeal in which the Union of India was a respondent and that therefore the Union of India and its Advocate were aware of the death of Bilas Rai Bohra and of the names of his heirs
832 On December 1 1958 the High Court dismissed the applica tion for the setting aside of the abatement of the appeal against Bilas Rai Bohra and for the substitution of the heirs as it was of opinion that there had been gross negligence on the part of the appellant the Union of India as its counsel had information about the death of Bilas Rai Bohra at least on May 16 1958
The High Court did not feel satisfied on the facts of the case that any ground had been made out for setting aside the abatement of the appeal
It may be mentioned here that it was not urged in the High Court that there had been no abatement of the appeal against the heirs and legal representatives of Bilas Rai Bohra
It could not have been urged when the Union of India itself had applied for the setting aside of the abatement and the substitution of the heirs and legal representatives of Bilas Rai Bohra
The appeal of the Union of India against the surviving respondent viz Sree Ram Bohra came up for hearing on February II 1959 when a preliminary objection was raised on behalf of the respondent to the effect that the appeal had abated entirely as it had abated against the heirs of plaintiff respondent No 1
It was contended for the Union of India that the two plaintiffs viz Bilas Rai Bohra deceased and Sree Ram Bohra had filed the suit as kartas of the joint family which was the owner of the firm of Ms Bansidhar Ganpat Rai and that after the death of one of the kartas the other plaintiff who was also described in the plaintiff s suit as karta was competent to represent the family and so there could be no question of abatement of the entire appeal
Again it was not contended that the appeal against the heirs of Bilas Rai Bohra had not abated
The High Court upheld the preliminary objection and held that the appeal had become incompetent and was liable to be dismissed
It was of opinion that even if it be taken that both th plaintiffs had filed the suit in their capacity as kartas of the same joint family the joint family had gained by virtue of the appeal having abated against the heirs of Bilas Rai Bohra as the decree passed in favour of the joint family through the representation of Bilas Rai Bohra could not be set aside and in case the appeal was permitted to proceed against the joint family in the presence of the other karta Sree Ram Bohra there might be occasion for the coming into existence of two inconsistent decrees
The High Court accordingly dismissed the appeal
It was against 83 3 this order that the Union of India obtained the certificate from the High Court under article 133 and then filed this appeal
The sole point for decision in the appeal then is whether the appeal of the Union of India before the High Court against the respondent Sree Ram Bohra respondent No 2 was competent after it had abated against respondent No 1 Bilas Rai Bohra on account of his heirs and legal representatives being not brought on the record
It has not been disputed for the appellant that in case it is held that the appeal had abated against the heirs and legal representatives of Bilas Rai Bohra it became incompetent against the surviving respondent alone
The suit was filed by both the plaintiffs
Both were respondents in the appeal
The decree was a joint one without any specification regarding the shares of each of the decree holders
The appeal must therefore become incompetent if it has abated against one of the respondents
What is really urged for the appellant is that there could be no abatement of the appeal on the death of Sree Ram Bohra and the omission to bring on record his heirs and representatives as the real plaintiff was the joint family which owned the firm Bansidhar Ganpat Rai the consignee of the bales which were not delivered and as the suit had been brought by the two named plaintiffs as the kartas of the joint family
It is said that on the death of one of the kartas the other karta continued to represent the joint family the real plaintiff respondent and that therefore there could not be any abatement of the appeal
We do not consider the contention sound
We have not been referred to any text of Hindu Law or any decided case in support of the proposition that a joint Hindu family can have more than one karta
The very idea of there being two kartas of a joint Hindu family does not appear prima facie consistent with the concept of a karta
Their describing themselves as kartas of the joint Hindu family owning the firm and their suing as such cannot make them kartas of the joint Hindu family if the Hindu Law does not contemplate the existence of two kartas
In paragraph 236 of Mulla s Hindu Law XII Edition is said Property belonging to a joint family is ordinarily managed by the father or other senior member for the time being of the family
The manager of a joint family is called karta
834 The father is in all cases naturally and in the case of minor sons necessarily the manager of the joint family property  The existence of two kartas cannot lead to the smooth management of the property of the joint Hindu family and the other affairs of the family in view of the powers which the karta of a joint Hindu family possesses under the Hindu Law powers which are not restricted to only such powers which ordinarily the manager of property of certain persons who confer authority on him to manage the property possesses
The karta of the joint Hindu family is certainly the manager of the family property but undoubtedly possesses powers which the ordinary manager does not possess
The karta cannot therefore be just equated with the manager of property
Reference was made to the case reported as Bhagwan Dayal vs Mst
Reoti Devi1
It was stated at p 482  The legal position may be stated thus  Coparcenary is a creature of Hindu law and cannot be created by agreement of parties except in the case of reunion
It is a corporate body or a family unit
The law also recognizes a branch of the family as a subordinate corporate body
The said family unit whether the larger one or the subordinate one can acquire hold and dispose of family property subject to the limitations laid down by law
Ordinarily the manager or by consent express or implied of the members of the family any other member or members can carry on business or acquire property
subject to the limitations laid down by the said law for or on behalf of the family
 The fact that any other member or members other than the manager of the joint Hindu family carry on business etc on behalf of the family does not mean that such members who act for the family do so as kartas of the family
In the absence of any text of Hindu law or of any previous decision that a joint Hindu family can have two kartas we are not prepared to express any definite opinion on the question whether there can be two kartas of a joint Hindu family and if there can be two kartas what would be the effect of the death of one of them on the maintainability of a suit brought by both of them
1  835 Two persons may look after the affairs of a joint Hindu family on the basis of the members of the joint Hindu family clothing them with authority to represent the family
They would be two persons entitled to represent the family and their power to represent would depend on the terms of the authority conferred on them by the members of the joint Hindu family
Their authority to act for the family is not derived under any principle of Hindu law but is based on the members of the joint Hindu family conferring certain authority on them
It cannot therefore be said that when two such representatives of a joint Hindu family sue and obtain a decree in their favour for the benefit of the joint Hindu family and an appeal is filed against both of them as respondents representing the joint Hindu family the other representative would continue to represent the joint family on the death of one of the representatives
He could not possibly do so when the authority given by the joint Hindu family be to the effect that both of them were to act jointly
In the absence of any knowledge about the terms of authority of the two representatives it is not possible to urge successfully that on the death of one of the representatives the other representative still continued to represent the joint Hindu family
On the death of one of the representatives the karta of the family in accordance with the principles of Hindu law will automatically be the person entitled to represent the joint Hindu family till such time that the family again decides to confer the authority on specified members of the joint Hindu family to represent it
There is no material on the record to indicate the terms and scope of the authority conferred on the two plaintiffs by the joint Hindu family
We therefore consider the matter in appeal on the basis that the suit was brought by two persons as plaintiffs
They can at best be taken to represent the joint Hindu family which owned that firm Bansidhar Ganpat Rai
Any one of them cannot represent the joint family after the death of the other till his authority to represent the family is confirmed by the members of the family
There is no allegation or proof about such confirmation or fresh vesting of authority in the second plaintiff viz Sree Ram Bohra
For the purpose of the suit there were two plaintiffs and on the death of one of them it was necessary for the opposite party to implead his heirs and legal representatives within time
It failed to do so and therefore the appeal against those heirs and representatives of Bilas Rai Bohra was rightly held to have abated
The result of such abatement makes this appeal against the other respondent incompetent as the decree against both the respon 836 dents viz Bilas Rai Bohra and Sree Ram Bohra was a joint decree
There was nothing in the decree to indicate for whose benefit it was passed or in what proportions the two decree holders were to get the decretal amount
The appeal against Sree Ram Bohra was therefore incompetent
This view is supported by the decision of this Court in The State of Punjab vs Nathu Ram1
It was held there that when the decree in favour of the respondents is joint and indivisible the appeal against the respondents other than the deceased respondent cannot be proceeded with if the appeal against the deceased respondent has abated
We are therefore of opinion that the High Court was right in holding that the appeal against Sree Ram Bohra alone became incompetent
It has been further argued for the appellant that the High Court should have allowed the appellant s application for setting aside the abatement
The High Court exercised its discretion judiciously after taking into consideration the facts urged in support of the prayer that the abatement of the appeal be set aside
We do not find any reason to consider that the discretion was not properly exercised
We therefore do not consider this a fit case to interfere with the discretion exercised by the High Court in this regard
We therefore dismiss the appeal with costs
Appeal dismissed


Summary:
The respondent and B filed a suit and obtained a decree for a certain sum against the appellant
The appellant appealed to the High Court and subsequently B died
The High Court dismissed an application setting aside the abatement of the appeal against B and for substitution as it was of opinion that there had been gross negligence on the part of the appellant
when the appeal came up for hearing a preliminary objection was raised by the respondent that the appeal had abated entirely which was upheld by the High Court
On appeal by certificate the appellants contended that there could be no abatement of the appeal as the had been brought by the respondent and B as the Kartas of the joint family and on the death of one of the Karta the other Karta continued to represent the joint family the real plaintiff respondent
HELD The appeal against the respondent was incompetent
When two representatives of a joint Hindu family sued and obtained a decree in their favour for the benefit of the joint Hindu family and an appeal was filed against both of them as respondents representing the joint Hindu family the other representative would not continue to represent the joint family on the death of one of the representatives
835 B D Any one of them could not represent the joint family after the death of the other till his authority to represent the family was confirmed by the members of the family
835 F G The State of Punjab vs Nathu Ram   relied on