Criminal Appeal No 21 of 1965
Appeal by special leave from the judgment and order dated May 19 1964 of the Punjab High Court Circuit Bench at Delhi in Criminal Appeal No 7 D of 1963
ASR Chari CL Sareen and RL Kohli for the appellant
BRL lyenger SP Nayar for RN Sachthey for the respondent
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by Sikri J
This appeal by special leave was limited to the question whether the case comes under section 302 of the Indian Penal Code
The case of the prosecution which has been accepted by 247 the learned Sessions JUdge and the High Court was
in brie as follows On January 31 1962 at about 230 pm a fight took place  between Dalip Kumar PW 12 and Harjinder Singh appellant near the water tap in front of a tin factory in Zamirwali lane Delhi
Harjinder was apparently worsted in the fight and he then left the place holding out a threat that he would teach a lesson to Dalip Kumar
The appellant
returned with his brother Amarjit Singh to the house of Dalip Kumar and shouted to Dalip Kumar to come out
Tejibai opened the door of the house and asked the appellant and Amarjit Singh to go away but either these two or the appellant pulled Dalip Kumar out of the house into the lane and gave him beating near a lamp post in the comer of Zamirwali lane
that time the deceased Kewal Kumar who was the brother of Dalip Kumar came and tried to intervene and rescue his brother
It is at this stage that the evidence conflicting as to what exactly happened According to one version Amarjit Singh accused caught hold of Kewal Kumar and the appellant took out the knife and stabbed the deceased
According to the other version given by Mohd Ali PW 5 this is what happened Dalip Kumar s brother holding Jinda accused asked him not to fight
Jinda at that time took out the knife from his pocket and opened it with both his hands and then gave a blow with it under the belly and the upper portion of the left thigh
Amarjit Singh accused did not do
anything
 In cross examination he stated Jinda accused was holding Dalip Kumar from the collar of his shirt by his left hand
At that time Kewal Kumar was on right hand side of Jinda accused
When Jinda took out the knife and opened it with both his hands Dalip Kumar and his brother Kewal were grappling with Jinda accused Jinda accused gave only one knife blow to Kewal Kumar
Kewal Kumar was m bent condition when he was stabbed only once After inflicting this injury the appellant ran away
Dr G section Mittal PW 8 noted the following injuries on the person of the deceased 1
A stab wound 1x14x On left thigh upper and below the inguinal ligament
Abrasion l x linear on back of left fore arm middle
He described the other features of the injuries as follows 248 The direction of the stab wound was Oblique and was going medially
Sartorius muscle was cut underneath along with femoral artery and vein
Cut over major part of their diameter
There was effusion of blood in the muscles and around the track over left thigh upper end  He deposed that death was due to shock and hemorrhage from injury to femoral vessels by stab wound of the thigh
He further stated It is correct that femoral artery and vein are important main vessels of
the body
The cutting of these vessels would result in great loss of blood
The cutting injuries of these vessels could result in immediate death or after short duration
 It was urged before the Sessions Judge 0n behalf of the appellant that in the circumstances of the case the offence if at all committed Would fall under section 326 IPC The learned Sessions Judge relying on Virsa Singh vs State of Punjab 1 hed In this case the prosecution has proved that the bodily injury the nature of which has been described above was present
This injury was caused with the pen knife deliberately
It was not accidental or unintentional
Injury of any other kind
was not intended
This injury in the opinion of this doctor was sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death
This being so the case  would apply and the offence which the accused Jinda has committed falls us 302 Indian Penal Code The High Court on appeal over ruled a similar contention in the following words Lastly the counsel has attempted to take the case out of the purview of the offence of murder
It has been contended that it was
just a small knife with which a blow was given and that it was not on the vital part of the body and therefore the appellant should not be held guilty of murder
In my opinion the contention is wholly unsustainable
The deceased a boy of about 16 years of age had merely come to help his brother when the appellant who had deliberately come armed with knife from his house stabbed the deceased with that knife on vulnerable part
1 do not see how the 1  249 offence can be considered not to fall within the purview of murder
 Later the High Court observed It is futile to contend that he did not intend to kill the deceased
The injury and the weapon are quite eloquent in this respect
 The learned counsel for the appellant Mr Chari contends on the facts established in this case no offence under section 302 s been committed and the appellant should have been connected under section 326 or at the most under section 304 part two
The learned counsel for the respondent strongly relies
on the decision this Court in Virsa Singh vs Slate of Punjab1 and he says at all the ingredients laid down in that case by this Court are ascent in this case and therefore the High Court was correct in firming the conviction of the appellant under section 302 IPC It seems to us
that all the ingredients which were laid down this Court in that case have not been established in this case
Bose J speaking for the
Court observed To put it shortly the prosecution must prove the following facts before it can bring a case under section 300 3rdly First it must establish quite objectively that a bodily injury is present Secondly the nature of the injury must be proved
These are purely objective investigations
Thirdly it must be proved that there was an intention to inflict that particular bodily injury that is to say that it was not accidental or unintentional or that some other kind of injury was intended
Once these three elements are proved to be present the enquiry proceeds further and
Fourthly it must be proved that the injury of the type just described made up of the three elements set out above is sufficient to cause death in the ordinary course of nature
This part of the enquiry is purely objective and inferential and has nothing to do with the intention of the offender
 The learned Judge further explained the third ingredient at p 1503 in the following words The question is not whether the prisoner intended to inflict a serious injury or a trivial one but whether he 1  250 intended to inflict the injury  that is proved tO be present
If he can show that he did not or if the totality of  the circumstances justify such an inference then of course the intent that the section requires is not proved
But if there is nothing beyond the injury and the fact that the appellant inflicted it the only possible inference is that he intended to inflict it
Whether he knew of its seriousness or intended serious consequences is neither here nor there
The question so far as the intention is concerned is not whether he intended to kill or to inflict an injury of a particular degree of seriousness but whether he intended to inflict the injury in question and once the existence of the injury is proved the intention to cause it will be presumed unless the evidence or the circumstances warrant an opposite conclusion
In Rajwant singh vs
State of Kerala1 Hidayatullah J referring to Virsa Singh vs state of Punjab2 observed As was laid down in Virsa Singh vs State of Punjab for the application of this clause it must be first established that an injury is caused next it must be established objectively what the nature of that injury in the ordinary course of nature is
If the
injury is found to be sufficient to cause death one test is satisfied
Then it must be proved that there was an intention to inflict that very injury and not some other injury and that it was not accidental or unintentional
If this is also held against the offender the offence of murder is satisfied
 It seems to us that the
High Court has not considered whether the third ingredient laid down by Bose J in Virsa Singh vs State Punjab2 has been proved in this case or not
In our opinion the circumstances justify the inference that the accused did not intend to cause an injury on this particular portion of the thigh
The evidence indicates that while the appellant was trying to assault Dalip Kumar and the deceased intervened the appellant timing himself one against two took out the knife and stabbed 1he deceased It also indicates that the deceased at that stage was in a crouching position presumably to intervene and separate the two
It cannot therefore be said With any definiteness that the appellant aimed the blow tat this particular part of the thigh knowing that it would cut the artery
It may be observed that the appellant had not used the knife While he was engaged in the fight with Dalip Kumar
It was only when he felt that the deceased also came up against him that he whipped out the knife
1 AIR 1965 SC1874 1878 2  251 in these circumstances it cannot be said that it has been proved that it was
the intention of the appellant to inflict this particular injury on tiffs particular place
It is therefore not possible to apply cl 3 of section 300 to the act of the accused
Nevertheless the deceased was in a crouching position when the appellant struck him with the knife
Though the knife was  5 to 6 in length including the handle it was nonetheless a dangerous weapon
When the appellant struck the deceased with the knife he must have known that the deceased then being in a bent position the blow would land in the abdomen or near it a vulnerable part of the human body and that such a blow was likely to result in his death
In these circumstances it would be quite legitimate to hold that he struck the deceased with the knife with the intention to cause an injury likely to cause death
We are therefore of the opinion that the offence falls under section 304 Part 1
The appeal is allowed and the conviction is altered from one under section 302 to section 304 Part 1 and the appellant is sentenced to seven years rigorous imprisonment
GC Appeal allowed


Summary:
The appellant was convicted by the Sessions Judge under section 302 of the Indian Penal Code and the conviction was upheld by the High Court
According to the prosecution evidence the appellant was trying to assault one D when the latter s brother K intervened
The appellant took out a knife and caused an injury on K s thigh which cut an artery and resulted in his death
In appeal by special leave before this Court it was urged that in the circumstances of the case the intention and knowledge requisite for an offence under section 302 IPC had not been established
HELD i The appellant had not used the knife while he was engaged in the fight with D
It was only when he felt that the deceased also came up against him that  he whipped out the  knife
The deceased was at that time in a crouching position
In these circumstances it could not be said that the appellant intended to cause the injury in the thigh knowing that it would cut the artery
It was therefore not possible to apply cl 3 of section 300 to the act of the accused and he was not guilty of murder
250 G H Virsa Singh vs State of Punjab   applied
ii However when the appellant struck the deceased with the knife he must have known that the deceased then being in a bent position the blow would land in the abdomen or near it a vulnerable  part of the human body and that such a blow was likely to result in his death
In these circumstances it would be quite legitimate to hold that he struck the deceased with the knife with the intention to cause an injury likely to cause death
The offence therefore
clearly fell under section 304 Part 1
251 B C