Civil Appeal No 1145 of 1970
From the Judgment and Order dated 8 4 1969 of the Allahabad High Court in First Appeal No 4555
Mrs Rani Chhabra for the Appellant
B N Dikshit O P Rana and Mrs Shobha Dikshit for the Respondent
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by FAZAL ALI J
This appeal by certificate is directed against a judgment dated January 6 1969 of the Allahabad High Court and arises in the following circumstances
The land in dispute originally belonged to Smt
Jawahar Devi who had inherited the same from her father Shankar Das who died sometime in or before the year 1905
Jawahar Devi had a daughter Putli Bibi who had three sons namely Basantlal Shankarlal and Girdharilal
Jawahar Devi died in the year 1934
On the 25th February 1905 Jawahar Devi let out the land to the late Lala Lachman Das for the construction of a mill which was known as Narain Das Lachman Das Oil Mill 
The lease was to continue for 50 years and contained a clause for renewal
In the year 1936 37 the lessee Lachman Das transferred his rights in the 817 lease to Northern India Oil Industries Limited hereinafter referred to as the Company 
Thereafter the three sons of Putli Bibi sent a notice on the 15th of December 1937 to Ms Narain Dass Lachman Dass claiming damages
At that stage Girdharilal sold his rights in the land to his brother Basant Lal
In the year 1938 a suit was filed by Basantlal and Shankarlal against Ms Narain Dass Lachman Dass as well as the Company
This suit was however compromised on the 2nd of June 1941 and on the same date a fresh lease was executed by the two plaintiffs therein in favour of the company
The terms of the lease were incorporated in the compromise Exhibit 31 but both the lease and the compromise were contained in unregistered documents
Disputes again arose between the parties and led to the institution of a suit by the company against Basantlal and Shankarlal for specific performance of the compromise above mentioned Exhibit 31
This suit also ended on the 26th of May 1943 in a compromise according to which a fresh lease embodying the terms of the lease dated the 2nd June 1941 was to be executed by Basantlal and Shankarlal in favour of the Company and at its cost within a week provided the company complied with the covenants contained in that lease to the satisfaction of Rai Bahadur Lala Ram Narain Treasurer Imperial Bank of India Kanpur
Despite the second compromise disputes again cropped up between the parties and ultimately Basantlal and Shankarlal who are the appellants before us sent to the company a notice dated 26th of February 1944 Exhibit 36 A terminating the lease dated the 2nd June 1941 on the ground of breach by the company of covenants 2 4 and 5 contained therein
Time was allowed to the company till the 30th June 1944 for the removal of machinery stores buildings and other constructions
The Company however secured an order from a civil court forbidding the appellants from ejecting it
On the 7th June 1946 the Company applied to the State Government for compulsory acquisition of the land
Its request was accepted and the land covered by the lease was acquired by the Government for the purpose of the company
In proceedings before the Collector the appellants claimed compensation not only for the land but also for the buildings and other structures standing thereon
Compensation for the land was awarded to them but the rest of their claim was turned down
The matter was re agitated before the District Judge to whom it was referred and then in appeal before the High Court
The District Judge and the High Court raised the quantum of compensation for the land but rejected the claim of the appellants for compensation in respect of buildings and structures
818 In the appeal before us no dispute subsists about the compensation for the land and the controversy is limited to the compensation for the buildings etc which were constructed on the premises by the lessee and to which the appellants claim title on the ground that the company did not remove the same despite a period of more than 4 months granted to it for the purpose in the notice dated the 26th of February 1944 and that the title thereto had consequently vested in the appellants with effect from 1st July 1944
Before proceeding further we may recapitulate the manner in which the present dispute was dealt with by the two Courts below
It was argued before the District Judge on behalf of the State that the lease dated the 2nd June 1941 being unregistered it was inadmissible in evidence and that the Company therefore was not bound to vacate the premises
The District Judge overruled the argument and in our opinion rightly on the ground that the terms of the lease formed part of the decree based on compromise Exhibit 31 that the compromise related to the property which was the subject matter of the suit and that therefore the compromise did not require registration
The argument was repeated before the High Court and was rejected for the same reason for which it was repelled by the District Judge
Another point taken before the District Judge was that as the appellants had accepted the rent after having given the notice dated February 26 1944 their conduct in doing so amounted to waiver of the notice as a result of which the tenancy continued to subsist
The District Judge accepted this point and non suited the appellants mainly on this ground
The High Court however did not agree with the conclusion of the District Judge and held that in the first place there was no evidence to show that the rent was accepted at any time after the notice was given to the company and secondly as the rent was accepted by the appellants under protest it could not amount to waiver because there was no intention on the part of the lessor to treat the lease as subsisting
In this connection the High Court observed as follows We have been taken through the deposition of Basant Lal but we have failed to find anything in that statement which may go to show that rent for the period beginning after the termination of the lease was accepted by him
All that he said was as follows Rent was sent to me and I accepted some rent under protest
 819 From that statement it cannot be said that the rent so accepted was for the period after termination of the lease
There is another sentence in the statement of Basant Lal which reads as follows  I treated the defendant as trespasser from 26th February 1944 and accepted payment for use and occupation of the land  The learned District Judge therefore was not right in taking the view that the notice was waived
 We find ourselves in complete agreement with the view taken by the High Court
There is no reliable evidence at all to show the exact date when the rent was accepted or at any rate the fact that the rent was accepted between the 26th February 1944 when the notice was sent and the 30th June 1944 when the Company was asked to vacate the premises
Furthermore the High Court has pointed out from the evidence of the appellants that the Company was treated as a trespasser ever since 26th February 1944 namely the date when the notice was given and has held that any rent which the appellants accepted was really not rent but mere compensation for wrongful use and occupation of the land
In these circumstances we fully endorse the finding of the High Court that there was no waiver of the notice such as was spelt by the District Judge
The High Court however upheld the order of the District Judge for a different reason which was that there could not be any forfeiture of the tenancy under section 111g of the Transfer of Property Act unless a notice was given to the lessee by the lessor expressing his intention to terminate the lease and in addition a notice under s114 A of that Act also affording an opportunity to the lessee to comply with the terms the non compliance of which would result in forfeiture
According to the High Court as the second condition was not complied with there was no forfeiture and hence the title to the structures etc continued to vest in the lessee and therefore after the Government acquired the land under the Land Acquisition Act the appellants were not entitled to any compensation for the structures and the materials as claimed by them
We are however unable to agree with the view taken by the High Court for the reasons that we shall give hereafter
It is no doubt true that section 114 A of the Transfer of Property Act requires two conditions to be fulfilled before a suit for ejectment could lie 1 that a notice should be given to the lessee specifying the particular breach complained of and 2 that the lessee should be called upon to remedy the breach
If these conditions are fulfilled then alone the lessor would be entitled to bring a suit for ejectment 820 of the lessee
In the instant case it is no doubt common ground that in the notice dated February 26 1944 the appellants did not at all mention that the lessee should remedy the breach within a reasonable period to be fixed by the lessor but that does not advance the case of the lessee because s114 A merely bars a suit for ejectment of the lessee
In the instant case as the land had been acquired for the purpose of the lessee viz the Company the question of filing a suit for ejectment did not arise at all
In fact the lessees themselves filed a suit and obtained an injunction restraining the appellants from ejecting them before the land acquisition proceedings were taken in respect of the land in dispute
Thus the non compliance of sub section b of s114 A is of no consequence so far as this particular case is concerned
In the lease dated 2nd June 1941 clause 6 clearly lays down that within four months after the expiry of the period of the lease the lessee would be entitled to remove the stocks and machinery
The last part of that clause also empowers the lessor to re enter possession and acquire title to the buildings etc that may be constructed by the lessee
Mr Dixit appearing for the State of UP relied on s108h of the Transfer of Property Act which runs thus 108h
The lessee may even after the determination of the lease remove at any time whilst he is in possession of the property leased but not afterwards all things which he has attached to the earth provided he leaves the property in the State in which he received it He contended that even if the lease was determined the title to the construction etc would vest in the lessor only if the lessee does not remove the materials at any time whilst he is in possession of the property leased
It was argued that in the instant case as the leased land was acquired by the Government while the lessee was still in possession and continued to be in possession by virtue of the land having been acquired the lessor could not claim any title to the constructions or the materials
There could be no doubt that this is the real effect of clause h of section 108 but section 108 opens with a sort of a non obstante clause which is as follows In the absence of a contract or local usage to the contrary the lessor and the lessee of immovable property as against one another respectively possess the rights and are subject to the liabilities mentioned in the rules next following or such of them as are applicable to the property leased
 821 A construction of this clause clearly reveals that where there is a contract to the contrary the provisions of s108h would not apply
In the lease dated June 2 1941 there is not only an express clause under which the lessee was entitled to remove the stocks and materials within four months after the termination of the lease but thereafter there was another stipulation that in case the lessee failed to do so all the buildings etc would become the property of the lessor
In this connection the relevant part of the lease may be extracted thus 6
That within four months after the expiry of the period of lease the lessees their successors or assigns will be entitled to remove their stocks and machinery etc
pipelines electric installation fixtures fittings including stocks and materials of their constructions and fittings which stand on the plot of land shown by the letters A F H G in the accompanying map and will on the expiry at the period of lease have over to the lessors the said plot of land shown by letters A F H G in the accompanying map duly levelled but the lessees would not be entitled to remove the boundary walls or any constructions or buildings which at present are created which may be created during the period of lease on the plot of land shown by letters A B E F in the accompanying map and which is outside the compound of the lessees Oil Mills on the eastern side and on which at present stand twenty three quarters facing Hamirpur Road as their quarters or any other buildings that may be created in their place or on their site as well as boundary walls would become the property of the lessors on the expiry of the period of lease without any compensation being paid for the same by the lessors to the lessees Emphasis ours Thus although the lessee continued to remain in the premises after the expiry of the notice terminating the lease yet by force of the express recitals in clause6 extracted above the buildings etc became the property of the lessors
Unfortunately this aspect of the matter does not appear to have been considered by the High Court
In these circumstances therefore the conclusion is inescapable that 822 after the Government acquired the property it was bound to pay compensation to the appellants not only for the land but also for the buildings and structures thereon
As however neither of the Courts below have assessed the compensation for the buildings etc as they stood in the year 1946 when the land was acquired the matter will have to be determined by the District Judge afresh in so far as such compensation is concerned
We would therefore allow this appeal with costs set aside the Judgments of the High Court and the District Judge in so far as no compensation has been awarded in respect of the buildings structures etc and remand the case to the District Judge for determining such compensation according to the rates prevailing in 1946 and also to determine the interest and solatium to be paid on such compensation from 1946 upto the date of payment
SR Appeal allowed


Summary:
The appellants terminated the lease of the suit lands by a notice dated 26th February 1944 and allowed the lessee company Narain Das Lachman Das Oil Mill time till 30th June 1944 for the removal of machinery stores buildings and other constructions in terms of clause 6 of the lease deed dated 2nd June 1941
The company not only secured an order from a Civil Court forbidding the appellants from ejecting it but applied to the State Government for compulsory acquisition of the suit land
In the land acquisition proceedings the claim of the appellants for the machinery stores buildings and other constructions made by the lessee by virtue of automatic vesting in the appellants in terms of clause 6 of the lease deed dated 2nd June 1941 and also pursuant to notice of termination was negatived
Having failed before the District Court and the High Court to obtain the relief the appellants obtained special leave of the Supreme Court
Allowing the appeal the Court  HELD 1 Although the lessee continued to remain in the premises after the expiry of the notice terminating the lease yet by force of the express recitals in clause 6 of the lease deed dated 2nd June 1941 the buildings etc became the property of the lessors
Therefore after the Government acquired the property it was bound to pay compensation to the appellants not only for the land but also for the buildings and structures thereon
821H 822A 2 There was no waiver of the notice by the appellants
There is no reliable evidence at all in the instant case to show the exact date when the rent was accepted or at any rate the fact that the rent was accepted between the 26th February 1944 when the notice was sent and the 30th June 1944 when the Company was asked to vacate the premises
Besides there is a finding of fact that the Company was treated as a trespasser ever since 26th February 1944 namely the date when the notice was given and that any rent which the appellants accepted was really not rent but mere compensation for wrongful use and occupation of the land
819C E 3 It is no doubt true that section 114A of the Transfer of Property Act requires two conditions to be fulfilled before a suit for ejectment could lie i that a notice should be given to the lessee specifying the particular breach complained of and ii that the lessee should be called upon to remedy the 816 breach
If these conditions are fulfilled then alone the lessor would be entitled to bring a suit for ejectment of the lessee
Section 114A merely bars a suit for ejectment of the lessee in the instant case as the land had been acquired for the purpose of the lessee namely the Company the question of filing a suit for ejectment did not arise at all
In fact the lessees themselves filed a suit and obtained injunction restraining the appellants from ejecting them before the land acquisition proceedings were taken in respect of the land in dispute
Thus the non compliance of sub section
b of section 114A is of no consequence so far as this particular case is concerned
In the lease dated 2nd June 1941 clause 6 clearly lays down that within four months after the expiry of the period of the lease the lessee would be entitled to remove the stocks and machinery
The last part of that clause also empowers the lessor to re enter possession and acquire title to the buildings etc that may be constructed by the lessee
819H 820B D 4 A construction of clause h of section 108 of the Transfer of Property Act clearly reveals that where there is a contract contrary to the provisions of that section would not apply
In the lease dated June 2 1941 there is not only an express clause under which the lessee was entitled to remove the stocks and materials within four months after the termination of the lease but thereafter there was another stipulation that in case the lessee failed to do so all the buildings etc
would become the property of the lessor
821A B