Criminal Appeal Nos
600 601 of 1989
From the Judgment and Order dated 1331986 of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in Crl
No 434 and 1295 of 1984
Ms Geeta Luthra Ms Pinky Anand and DN Goburdhah for the Appellant
RL Kohli and RC Kohli for the Respondents
The following Judgments of the Court were delivered SABYASACHI MUKHARJI J Ravinder Kaur daughter of Gurbachan Singh resident of Amritsar was married to Satpal Singh in November 1982
She died on 25th June 1983 at about 230 pm
She it was alleged committed suicide because of the cruel behaviour of her in laws soon after her marriage
She used to visit her parents  at Amritsar occa sionally and during those visits she used to tell them that there was demand for dowry and also taunting of her by the members of the family of her in laws and also insinuation that she was carrying on illegitimate child
There are sufficient relevant and acceptable evidence to that effect
It is alleged that provoked by the aforesaid conduct and behaviour  she committed suicide
The father in law moth er in law and the husband of the accused have been the abettors to the crime
The evidence further established that she died of second to third degree burns on the body and there was sprawling of kerosene oil on her body and the body was burnt by fire
Accused No 3 Smt
Kamal Dip Kaur the mother in law of the deceased and the mother of the accused Satpal Singh stated in her statement under section 3 13 Cr
PC that she was lying in her house at that time and the de ceased was 295 cooking food on a kerosene stove and as such the deceased caught fire accidentally
Learned Addl
Sessions Judge held that there was absence of burn injuries on the fingertips of the mother in law and other members of the family
As mentioned before the de ceased was married in November 1982
After marriage she used to stay in the house of her in laws at Raja Sansi
The deceased used to visit the house of her parents at Amritsar occasionally as noted before
During these visits she used to tell them that her in laws were not happy with the dowry given to the latter
It is further on evidence that she complained that her in laws used to taunt her and insisted her tO bring more dowry
It is stated that she complained that the in laws taunted her that at the time of the mar riage her parents did not serve proper meals to the in laws and their guests
It is further stated that the accused used to tell her that they had been offered by fridge etc
by other parties for the marriage of the accused while she had not brought dowry expected from her parents
It is also on evidence that she was often openly threatened that she would be turned out of the house in case she did not bring more articles
These were all established by the evidence of Gurbachan Singh father of the deceased and his two daugh ters
It was insinuated of her by the accused that she was carrying an illegitimate child
On the totality of these evidence on record it was held by the learned Sessions Judge that the accused were guilty of abetment to suicide and as such punishable under section 306 of the IPC
The High Court on appeal was of the view that the guilt of the accused had not been proved and as such acquitted them
The first thing that is necessary for proving the of fence is the fact of suicide
Abetment is a separate and distinct offence provided the thing abetted is an offence
Abetment does not involve the actual commission of the crime abetted it is a crime apart
See the observations of Baren dra Kumar Ghosh It was contended on behalf of the accused that there was no direct evidence of the act of suicide by Ravinder Kaur
There indeed could not be in the circumstances in which she died
She was in the house of her in laws
There is ample and sufficient evidence that she had complained that she was taunted for bringing meager dowry and that even insinuated that she was carrying an illegitimate child 
The aforesaid facts stand established by cogent and reliable evidence
These are grave and serious provocation enough for an ordinary woman in the Indian set up to do 296 what the deceased is allegedto have done
There is also evidence that the persons in the house of her in laws in cluding the mother in law mother of the accused Satpal Singh made no attempt to save her from the burn injuries
The absence of any burn injury in the hands of the people around indicates and establishes that there was no attempt to save the deceased though she was seen being burnt
The evidence of attitude and conduct of the in laws the father in law mother in law and the husband after Ravinder Kaur the deceased got burns in not informing the parents and not taking prompt steps to take her to hospital for giving medical assistance corroborate the inference that these accused connived and abetted the crime
Criminal charges must be brought home and proved beyond all reasona ble doubt
While civil case may be proved by mere preponder ance of evidence in criminal cases the prosecution must prove the charge beyond reasonable doubt
See Mancini vs Director of Public Prosecutions  Woolmington vs The Director of Public Prosecutions  It is true even today as much as it was before
There must not be any reasonable doubt  about the guilt of the accused in respect of the particular offence charged
The courts must strictly be satisfied that no innocent person innocent in the sense of not being guilty of the offence of which he is charged is convicted even at the risk of letting of some guilty persons
Even after the introduction of section 498A of the IPC and section 113A of the Indian Evidence Act the proof must be beyond any shadow of reasonable doubt
There is a higher standard of proof in criminal cases than in civil cases but there is no absolute standard in either of the cases
See the observations of Lord Denning in Bater vs Bater at 459 but the doubt must be of a reasonable man
The standard adopted must be the standard adopted by a prudent man which of course may vary from case to case circumstances to circumstances
Exaggerated devotion to the rule of benefit of doubt must not nurture fancilful doubts or lingering suspicions and thereby destroy social defence
Justice cannot be made sterile on the plea that it is better to let hundred guilty escape than punish an innocent
Letting guilty escape is not doing justice according to law
The conscience of the court can never be bound by any rule but that is coming itself dictates the consciousness and prudent exercise of the judgment
Reasonable doubt is simply that degree of doubt which would permit a reasonable and just man to come to a conclusion
Reasonableness of the doubt must be commensurate with the nature of the offence to be investigated
297 Having regard to the circumstances of the case there is no direct evidence indicating the circumstances in which the death took place the conduct of the accused and the nature of the crime with which the accused was charged there cannot be any scope of doubt that the learned Sessions Judge was right and the conviction was properly made
This is not a case where there could be two views possible on the facts found and on the facts which could not possibly be found because of ithe nature of the offence
The fact the two view are reasonably possible is not established by the fact that two different conclusions are reached by two adjudica tory authorities
The factum of that may be only a piece of evidence but whether two views at all are possible or not has to be judged in all circumstances by the Judge by the logic of the facts found in the background of law
For the reasons aforesaid I respectfully agree with the judgment and order proposed by my learned brother
RAY J Special leave granted
These appeals are at the instance of Gurbachan Singh the complainant against the judgment and order passed in Criminal Appeal No 434 SB of 1984 by the High Court of Punjab  Haryana at Chandigarh acquitting the accused re spondents of the charge under section 306 of the Indian Penal Code on setting aside the conviction and sentence passed by the Additional Session Judge on August 9 1984 convicting and sentencing all the accused
The appeal was allowed on holding that there was no evidence on record that the ac cused at the time of commission of suicide by Ravinder Kant in any way instigated or abetted her to commit suicide and as such the prosecution failed to establish the charge against the accused and their conviction consequently can not be sustained
The prosecution case is that the deceased Ravinder Kaur daughter of Gurbachan Singh the complainant was married to Satpal Singh in November 1982
After marriage Ravinder Kaur started living in the house of her in laws at Raja Sansi
She used to visit the house of her parents at Amritsar occasionally and during these visits she used to tell them that her in laws were not happy with the dowry given to her and they used to taunt her and insisted her to bring more dowry and that they even used to taunt her that her parents at the time of the marriage did not serve them with proper meals
The accused also used to tell her that they were being offered Fridge etc
by the other parties in the marriage of Accused Satpal Singh and that she has not brought the dowry expected from her parents
She was often told 298 by them that she would be turned out of the house in case she did not bring more articles
In November 1982 Gurbachan Singh visited the house of her in laws at Raja Sansi where his daughter complained that the behaviour of her in laws towards her was not cordial and that they were maltreating her for bringing insufficient dowry and they even taunted her that she was carrying an illegitimate child
Hearing these complaints from her daugh ter Gurbachan Singh brought her daughter to his house at Amritsar one day prior to Baisakhi 1983 and his daughter continued to remain at his house for about eight days
There 
after Satpal Singh his father Harbhajan Singh accused and his mother Smt
Kanwal Dip Kaur along with Harjit Singh and Mohinder Singh maternal uncles of Satpal Singh came to the house of Gurbachan Singh at Amritsar and pursuaded that he should send Ravinder kaur with them where upon Gurbachan Singh told them that his daughter complained against the ill treatment and cruel behaviour towards her for bringing insufficient dowry and they also taunted her for this as well as for her illegitimate child and put pressure on her to bring more dowry
So he was reluctant to send her daughter back to her in laws
Gurbachan Singh called Ved Prakash President of the Mohalla Committee Smt
Raj Kumari a social worker living in the neighbourhood of Gurbachan Singh and one Ramesh Kumar to his house and all these complaints and grievances were repeated in presence of these persons
The accused assured him that in future they would not maltreat and taunt her and that he would not receive any complaint against them
They also assured him that in future they would not ask her to bring more dowry
On these assurances of the accused Gurbachan Singh sent his daughter with the accused to Raja Sansi the house of the accused
For about two months Gurbachan Singh did not receive any information from his daughter and so he sent his two daughters Surjit Kaur and Sajinder Kaur to Raja Sansi to the house of the inlaws of Ravinder Kaur to enquire about her welfare
The said daughters of Gurbachan Singh went to the house of the in laws of Ravinder Kaur on June 23 1983 that is two days prior to the death of Ravinder Kaur
The de ceased complained to them about the torture as well as cruel behaviour of her in laws as before and they have not stopped maltreating her and torturing her and she was not happy there
On June 25 1983 at about 630 pm Mohinder Singh maternal uncle of Satpal Singh came to the shop of Gurbachan Singh at Amritsar and informed him that his daugh ter committed suicide by sprinkling 299 kerosene oil on her body and then setting herself on fire and that she was lying at SGTB Hospital Amritsar
Gurbachan Singh immediately went to the hospital and found the dead body of her daughter lying in the dead house
It has been alleged that Ravinder Kaur committed suicide on June 25 1983 at 230 pm having fed up with the cruel behaviour of her in laws
The appellant alongwith the mem bers of his family stayed in the hospital
On June 26 1983 Gurmeet Singh ASI Police Station Ajnala came to the dead house at Amritsar at about 5 pm and examined the dead body of Ravinder Kaur
He recorded the statements of Gurba chan Singh Ved Prakash and Ramesh Kumar
The statement of Gurbachan Singh was reproduced in the Roznamcha and the statements of Gurbachan Singh and Ved Prakash President of the Mohalla Sudhar Committee and Ramesh Kumar though disclosed the commission of a cognizable offence by the accused yet Gurmit Singn ASI and even Shri Iqbal Singh Dhillon DSP Ajnala Police Station did not register the case for extraneous reasons
On June 27 1983 Dr Gurdip Kumar Uppal Medical Offi cer Police Hospital Amritsar conducted the post mortem examination on the dead body of Ravinder Kaur and found 2nd to third degree burns on the body of deceased
Gurbachan Singh alongwith his daughters and Raj Kumari Ramesh Kumar Ved Prakash and others met the SSP Amritsar in this regard and the investigation of the case was then entrusted by SSP to Shri Surjit Singh SP Head Quar ters Amritsar who summoned Gurbachan Singh and other per sons and recorded their statements on July 23 1983
All the three accused were charged for an offence under section 306 of the Indian Penal Code and they pleaded not guilty to the charge framed against them
The accused No 3 Smt
Kanwal Dip Kaur the mother of the accused Satpal Singh stated in her statement under section 313 Cr
PC that she was lying in her house at the time and the deceased was cooking food in the kitchen on a kerosene stove and she caught fire accidentally
The learned Additional Sessions Judge held that the absence of burn injuries on the fingertips of the mother in law or other members of the family as evident from the statement of DW 1 Jaswant Singh 300 ruled out the story of accidental fire as set up by the defence
He further held referring to the provisions of section 113A of the Evidence Act that having regard to the facts and circumstances of the case it may be presumed that the ac cused persons have abetted the suicide committed by the deceased and they fail to reverse this prosecution case by any evidence
Accordingly the Additional Sessions Judge Amritsar convicted the accused under section 306 IPC and sen tenced them to suffer rigorous imprisonment for five years each and to pay a fine of Rs2000 each in default of payment of fine the accused shall be further liable to rigorous imprisonment for four months
The accused respondents preferred an appeal being Crimi nal Appeal No 454 of 1984 in the High Court of Punjab and Haryana
The appeal was allowed and the conviction and sentence was set aside on the ground that the prosecution failed to establish the charge against the accused persons
Hence this appeal by special leave has been filed by the complainant
It has been contended by the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant that the cruel behaviour mal treatment and taunts for not bringing sufficient dowry have been made to the deceased Ravinder Kaur soon after her coming to the house of her in laws
It has also been urged that in November 1982 she complained of her in laws  iII treatment and taunts to his father and her father took her to his house
It has also been urged that the accused Satpal Singh and his father accused Harbhajan Singh and other relatives of the accused met the deceased father at his house and requested him to send his daughter to the house of her in laws and assured them that they would not maltreat her or taunt her or torture her for not bringing sufficient dowry
These assurances were given in the presence of Ved Prakash the President of the Mohalla Sudhar Committee and Raj Kumari a social worker and one Ramesh Kumar
Gurbachan Singh father of the deceased on these assurances given by the accused and their relations sent his daughter Ravinder Kuar to her in laws house
It has also been urged that on June 23 1983 the two daughters Surjit Kaur and Sujinder Kaur were sent by Gurbachan Singh to the house of the in laws of Ravinder Kaur to enquire about her welfare
Surjit Kaur PW 7 stated in her statement under section 161 Cr
PC that her sister Ravinder Kaur complained them about the same iII treatment by her husband continuing in the same manner as before and as such she was not happy
This was reported by them to their father at Amritsar
It has also been urged that all the three accused taunted the deceased Ravinder Kaur that she was carrying an illegitimate child
Being 301 depressed with these taunts and iII treatment the deceased committed suicide by sprinkling kerosene on her person and setting her to fire
The evidences of PW 4 Gurbachan Singh father of the deceased and the evidence of PW 7 Surjeet Kaur as well as evidence of PW 6 Raj Kumari were duly considered by the trial court and the trial court clearly found the accused persons guilty of the offence of abetting the sui cide committed by the deceased
The court of appeal below had wrongly found that the prosecution could not prove charge against the accused and set aside the order of con viction and sentence made by the trial court and acquitted the accused
It has been urged in this connection that the defence that it was a case of accidental fire and not of suicide was also not believed by the trial court and the trial court gave very cogent and plausible reasons for not believing this story and holding that it was a case of suicide committed by the deceased Ravinder Kaur by the taunts and ill treatment made to her by her in laws and this forced her to take her own life by suicide
It has been submitted that the accused have abetted the commission of suicide by Ravinder Kaur deceased and the accused are therefore guilty of the said charge
The order of acquittal made by the High Court is not sustainable in these circum stances
The learned counsel Mr RC Kohli has made three fold submissions before this Court
The first submission is that the case of suicide committed by the deceased Ravinder Kaur was not proved and as such the conviction on the charge of section 306 IPC as made by the trial court was not sustain able
He has further submitted that the prosecution has not proved beyond reasonable doubts that the deceased committed suicide
The next submission made is that the evidences produced on behalf of the prosecution are meagre and do not prove that the accused had abetted the commission of suicide by the deceased Ravinder Kaur
The prosecution did not prove that there was any instigation by the accused persons charged with the offence in this case
The High Court has rightly held that the prosecution failed to prove the ingre dients of section 306 of the IPC and acquitted the accused of the charge under section 306
This order of acquittal should not be interfered with by this Court in this appeal
It has been lastly contended that if two reasonable views could be taken of evidences one in favour of the accused and the other against them the appellate court should not interfere in such case and set aside the order of acquittal
As regards the first submission that the case of suicide has not been proved it is relevant to mention that in the FIR exhibit PF lodged by the complainant it has been specifi cally stated that due to constant 302 harassment of Ravinder Kaur by the accused persons for having brought less dowry in her marriage as well as due to constant taunts and also torture the deceased committed suicide by pouring kerosene oil on her and burnt herself and afterwards she died
It has been further stated in the FIR that the complainant apprehended that some quarrel must have happened on the day of the incident between his daughter Ravinder Kaur and her husband Satpal Singh father in law Harbhajan Singh and mother in law Kanwaldip Kaur before she took the extreme step
PW 4 Gurbachan Singh has also stated in his deposition that his daughter used to tell them that her husband father in law and mother in law always taunted her saying that her parents had not given sufficient dowry during the marriage and had not even served them with proper meals at the time of marriage
He further stated that on 25th June 1983 at 630 pm Mohinder Singh maternal uncle of Satpal Singh came to shop and told him that his daughter had committed suicide by sprinkling kerosene oil on her body and then setting her on fire
In his statement under Section 161 Cr
PC recorded on 23rd July 1983 he also stated that her two daughters namely Sajinder Kaur and Surjeet Kaur PW 7 who visited Raja Sansi to meet their sister Ravinder Kaur two days before the incident were told by her deceased daughter that her in laws often taunted her for not bringing sufficient dowry
It has also been stated by him that the accused taunted her daughter saying that she was carrying an illegal child which is a great defame for them
It has also been stated that due to the bad treatment meted out towards his daughter Ravinder Kaur at the hands of her husband Satpal Singh her mother inlaw Kanwaldip Kaur and her father in law Harbhajan Singh that she had not brought scooter and fridge and had brought less dowry in her marriage they had forced her to put kerosene oil on her body and commit suicide and as they often taunted her saying that she had begotten immoral and illegal pregnancy and for this reason she had committed suicide and thus had lost her life Furthermore though the house of the accused persons is not far off yet the information was given not by his son in law or other members of the family promptly but it was given by the maternal uncle of the son in law Satpal Singh at 630 pm to the appellant although the incident occurred at about 230 pm
It is also evident that the deceased Ravinder Kaur who had second to third degree burns on her person was brought to the hospital in the evening and the doctor PW I immediately examined her and declared that she was already dead
Another most pertinent question which has been decided by the Trial Court is that the de fence story as stated by her mother in law 303 Kanwaldip Kaur in her examination under section 3 13 Cr
PC that it was a case of accidental fire and not a case of suicide was falsified by the absence of burn injuries on the finger tips of the mother in law or other members of the family
The Trial Court rightly held that the intending circumstances show that she was not allowed to move till the process of burning had become irrecoverable and till she succumbed to her injuries
 We do not find any infirmity in this finding and we also hold on consideration and appraisement of the evidences as well as the circumstances set out hereinbefore that it was not a case of accidental fire but a case of suicide commit ted by the deceased Ravinder Kaur being constantly abused taunted for bringing less dowry and also being defamed for carrying an illegitimate child
It is pertinent to mention that in the appeal before the High Court it was not urged on behalf of the accused that the case of suicide was not proved and as such there was no finding by the High Court on this score
In such circumstances this argument is totally devoid of merit and as such it is not sustainable
It is convenient to refer in this connection the deci sion cited at the bar in Wazir Chand and Another vs State of Haryana with State of Haryana vs Wazir Chand and Another to which one of us BC Ray J was a party wherein it has been held that a plain reading of this provision section 306 IPC shows that before a person can be convicted of abetting the suicide of any other person it must be established that such other person committed sui cide
 This decision is not at all applicable to the instant case in view of our specific finding that the evidence adduced on behalf of the prosecution clearly establish that the deceased Ravinder Kaur committed suicide at the instiga tion and abetment of the accused persons in the commission of the said offence
The next argument advanced is that the evidences were too meagre and unreliable to sustain the conviction
It has also been urged that the High Court considered the evidences and came to a reasonable finding that the prosecution could not prove the ingredients of Section 306 IPC as there was no instigation by the accused nor there was any conspiracy for the commission of that offence
The High Court arrived at this finding on some contradictions in the statement of the evidences of PW 4 Gurbachan Singh father of the deceased and of PW 7 Surjeet Kaur sister of the deceased respectively with their statements made under Section 161 Cr
PC 304 It is convenient to refer in this connection the obser vation made by this Court in the case of Sat Pal vs Delhi Administration  at 30 to the following effect It emerges clear that on a criminal prosecu tion when a witness is cross examined and contradicted with the leave of the court by the party calling him his evidence cannot as a matter of law be treated as washed off the record altogether
It is for the Judge of fact to consider in each case whether as a result of such cross examination and contradiction the witness stands thoroughly discredited or can still be believed in regard to a part of his testimony
If the Judge finds that in the process the credit of the witness has not been completely shaken he may after reading and considering the evidence of the witness as a whole with due caution and care accept in the light of the other evidence on the record that part of his testimony which he finds to be creditworthy and act upon it
 We have already referred to the material portions of the FIR as well as all the statements made by PW 4 in his evidence as well as his statement under Section 161 Cr
PC as well as the evidence of PW 7 and her statement under Section 161 Cr
On a plain reading of these statements it will be crystal clear that the accused persons since the date when the deceased Ravinder Kaur went to her in laws  house after the marriage was mal treated and was constantly taunted harassed and tortured for not bringing sufficient dowry from her father and she was taunted for carrying an illegitimate child
The appellant sometime in November 1982 went to her in laws house
His daughter Ravinder Kaur complained to him about this torture and constant taunts for not bringing sufficient dowry
On hearing this her father brought her to his house and after eight days the accused persons Satpal Singh his father Harbhajhan Singh and two maternal uncles came to the house of the appellant and requested him to send his daughter with them assuring that there would be no further taunts or any iII treatment by the respondents
The President of the Mohalla Sudhar Committee Ved Prakash PW 5 and a social worker Smt
Raj Kumari PW 6 and another person Ramesh Kumar of the same village were called in by Gurbachan Singh and in their presence all these talks were held
On the assurances given Gurbachan Singh sent his daughter with them
It is also in evidence that as no information of her was received Gurbachan Singh sent his two other daughters namely Surjeet Kaur PW 7 and Sajinder Kaur to the 305 house of the in laws of the deceased Ravinder Kaur to en quire about her welfare
Ravinder Kaur told them that there was no improvement in the treatment meted out to her and she was being taunted and tortured by her in laws in the same way and she was not happy
Two days thereafter ie on 25th June 1983 at 230 PM this unfortunate incident occurred
PW 7 Gurjeet Kaur also stated in her deposition to the same effect
In her statement under Section 161 Cr
PC she also stated categorically that after about one month of the marriage whenever Ravinder Kaur met her she told that her in laws ie the respondents were not treating her well for bringing less dowry
She was also told that the respondents were demanding refrigerator and a scooter
They had also taunted that she was having illegitimate child
She further stated that two days prior to the present occurrence she and her sister Sajinder Kaur went to Raja Sansi to enquire about the welfare of our sister Ravinder Kaur who told them weepingly that she was being beaten by the accused and again was mal treated for bringing less dowry and scooter and fridge etc
She further stated that the respondents were leveling allegations that she had been carrying an illegiti mate child and that she should die
It was also stated by her that her mother in law Kanwaldip Kaur was present in the house and she was abusing Ravinder Kaur in their presence
The learned Sessions Judge after carefully considering and weighing the evidences held that the witnesses PW 4 Gurbachan Singh PW 5 Ved Prakash President of the Mohalla Sudhar Committee PW 6 Smt
Raj Kumari social worker and PW 7 Surjeet Kaur clearly proved that the respondents mal treated Ravinder Kaur for bringing less dowry and they even tortured her for carrying an illegiti mate child
The said witnesses testified to the greedy and lusty nature of the respondents that they were persistently demanding more money
It has also been held that the worst part of the cruelty was that she was even taunted for carry ing an illegitimate child
The Trial Court also held that a respectable lady cannot bear this kind of false allegation levelled against her and this must have mentally tortured her
Thus the persistent demands of the accused for more money their tortures and taunts amounted to instigation and abetment that compelled her to do away with her life
This finding was arrived at by the learned Sessions Judge on a proper appreciation of the evidences adduced by the prosecution
The High Court without properly considering and weighing the evidences of the prosecution witnesses and on a wrong appreciation of the evidences found that the prosecution failed to prove the ingredients of 306 Section 306 of IPC
It was also held that there was no evidence on record that the accused at the time of commis sion of suicide by Ravinder Kaur deceased in any way insti gated or abetted her to commit suicide even though it has been brought but in evidences that the deceased was being maltreated by the accused continuously after her coming to the house of her in laws
It was further held that the prosecution has singularly failed to establish the charge against the accused and their conviction and sentences were consequently unsustainable
We have already stated hereinfore that PW 4 Gurbachan Singh PW 7 Surjeet Kaur have clearly stated in their depositions about the ill treatment torture and the cruel behaviour meted out to the deceased Ravinder Kaur which instigated her to take the extreme step of putting an end to her life by sprinkling kerosene oil on her body and setting fire
We have also stated hereinbefore that though the incident occurred at 230 PM the information of the death of Ravinder Kaur by burning was given to her father Gurba chan Singh at 630 PM in his shop at Amritsar
Gurbachan Singh with members of his family immediately rushed to the hospital and found the dead body of her daughter in the dead house of the hospital
It is also in evidence that Ravinder Kaur was brought to the hospital after much delay when she was already dead
The Trial Court rightly held that in such cases direct evidence is hardly available
It is the circumstantial evidence and the conduct of the accused persons which are to be taken into consideration for adjudicating upon the trust fulness or otherwise of the prosecution case
We have already referred to hereinbefore the evidences of the prosecution witnesses who clearly testified to the greedy and lusty nature of the accused in that they persist ently taunted the deceased and tortured her for not having brought sufficient dowry from her father
It is also in evidence that they also taunted her for carrying an illegit imate child
All these tortures and taunts caused depression to her mind and drove her to take the extreme step of put ting an end to her life by sprinkling kerosene oil on her person and setting fire
Circumstantial evidence as well as the evidences of the prosecution witnesses clearly prove beyond reasonable doubt that the accused persons instigated and abetted Ravinder Kaur deceased in the commission of the offence by committing suicide by burning herself
The find ings arrived at by the Trial Court after considering and weighing 307 the entire evidences are unexceptional
The findings arrived at by the High Court without considering properly the cir cumstantial evidence as well as the evidences of the prose cution witnesses cannot be sustained
As such the findings of the High Court are liable to be reversed and set aside
The High Court drew an inference from the conduct of Gurbachan Singh PW 4 in making a delay of about 24 hours after receipt of the information regarding her daughter s death to make a statement to the police about the incident with lodging the FIR on the same date ie June 25 1983 or on the following morning
The High Court therefore held that all these circumstances would raise considerable doubt regarding the veracity of the evidence of these two witness es PW 4 and PW 7 and point an infirmity in their evidence as would render it unsafe to base the conviction of the accused
It is in evidence of PW 4 that he was intimate about the death of his daughter by committing suicide by the maternal uncle of Satpal Singh son in law on June 25 1983 at about 530 pm
He immediately rushed to the hospital with members of his family where his daughter was brought
It is also in his evidence that he stayed there the whole night with his wife and other members of his family near the dead body of his deceased daughter and also on the next day till the dead body was handed over to him after the comple tion of post martem in the afternoon
The Assistant Sub Inspector of Police of Ajnala Police Station reached SGTB Hospital on the next day ie on June 26 1983 and got his statement recorded there
It has been rightly held by the Additional Sessions Judge that in the circumstances it cannot be said that there has been any delay in reporting the matter to the police
We fully accept this finding of the Additional Sessions Judge and we also held that the delay in lodging the FIR in the above circumstances does not raise any doubt regarding the veracity of the said two witnesses and there is no infirmity in the evidences of PW 4 and PW 7 which would render them unsafe to base the conviction of the accused as wrongly observed by the High Court
It is also convenient to refer to this connection to the provisions of Section 113A of which provide that 113 A Presumption as to abetment of suicide by a married women When the question is whether the commission of suicide by a woman had been abetted by her husband or any rela tive of her husband and it is shown that 308 she had committed suicide within a period of seven years from the date of her marriage and that her husband or such relative of her husband had subjected her to cruelty the court may presume having regard to all the other circumstances of the case that such suicide had been abetted by her husband or by such relative of her husband In the instant case the deceased Ravinder Kaur was married to the accused Satpal Singh in November 1982 and she committed suicide on June 25 1983
It has also been found on a consideration of the circumstantial evidence that she was compelled to take the extreme step of committing suicide as the accused persons had subjected her to cruelty by constant taunts mal treatment and also by alleging that she has been carrying an illegitimate child
The suicide having been committed within a period of seven years from the date of her marriage in accordance with the provisions of this Section the Court may presume having regard to all the other circumstances of the case which we have set out earlier that such suicide has been abetted by the husband and his relations
Therefore the findings arrived at by the Additional Sessions Judge are quite in accordance with the provisions of this Section and the finding of the High Court that the accused persons could not be held to have instigate or abetted the commission of offence is not sustainable in law
It has been contended on behalf of the accused respond ents that Section 113 A of the was inserted in the Statutes Book by Act 46 of 1983 whereas the offence under Section 306 IPC was committed on June 23 1983 ie prior to the insertion of the said provision in the 
It has therefore been submitted by the learned counsel for the respondents that the provi sions of this Section cannot be taken recourse to while coming to a finding regarding the presumption as to abetment of suicide committed by a marriage woman against the ac cused persons
The provisions of the said Section do not create any new offence and as such it does not create any substantial right but it is merely a matter of procedure of evidence and as such it is retrospective and will be applicable to this case
It is profitable to refer in this connection to Hals bury s Laws of England Fourth Edition Volume wherein it has been stated that The general rule as mat all statutes other than those which are merely declaratory or which relate only to mat 309 ters of procedure or of evidence are prima facie prospective and retrospective effect is not to be given to them unless by express words or necessary implication it appears that this was the intention of the legislature It has also been stated in the said volume of Halsbury s Law of England at page 574 that The presumption against retrospection does not apply to legislation concerned merely with matters of procedure or of evidence on the contrary provisions of that nature are to be construed as retrospective unless there is a clear indication that such was not the inten tion of Parliament In Blyth vs Blyth the wife left the husband in 1954 and lived with the co respondent until August 1955 when she broke off the association
In 1958 the husband and wife met by chance and sexual intercourse took place
In December 1962 the husband sought a divorce on the ground of his wife s adultery
During the pendency of the application section 1 of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1963 came into force on July 31 1963 which provided that any presumption of condonation which arises from the contin uance or resumption of marital intercourse may be rebutted on the part of a husband as well as on the part a of wife by evidence sufficient to negative the necessary intent
The question arose whether this provision which came into force on July 31 1963 can be applied in the instant case
It was held that the husband s evidence was admissible in that Section 1 of the Act of 1963 only altered the law as to the admissibility of evidence and the effect which the courts are to give to evidence so that the rule against giving retrospective effect to Acts of Parliament did not apply
In Herridge vs Herridge similar ques tion arose it was held that section 21 of the Act of 1963 was a procedural provision for it dealt with the adducing of evidence in relation to an allegation of condonation in any trial after July 31 1963 accordingly the subsection was applicable even though the evidence related to events before that date and the resumption of cohabitation in the present case did not amount by reason of Section 21 to condonation
On a conspectus of these decisions this argument on behalf of 310 the appellant fails and as such the presumption arising under Section 113 A of The Evidence Act has been rightly taken into consideration by the Trial Court
It has been urged by referring to the decision in Brij Lal vs Prem Chand  Anr JT that where two views could reasonably be taken the appellate court should not interfere with the order of acquittal made by the Trial Court
In the instant case on a proper consideration and weigh ing of the evidences the only reasonable view that can be taken is that the cruel behaviour and constant taunts and harassment caused by the accused persons while Ravinder Kaur deceased was in her in laws house instigated her to commit suicide and in our considered opinion no other rea sonable view follows from a proper consideration and ap praisement of the evidences on record
As such the decision cited above is not applicable to the facts and circumstances of the instant case
For the reasons aforesaid we set aside the judgment and order of acquittal passed by the High Court and affirm the conviction of the accused of the offence under Section 306 IPC and sentence imposed upon them by the Additional Sessions Judge Amritsar
The respondents will immediately surrender in the Court of Sessions Judge Amritsar to serve out the remaining period of their sentence
RNJ Appeals allowed


Summary:
The Respondent had filed a suit for defamation in the Bombay High Court against the petitioner claiming Rupees one crore as damages for the injury alleged to have been caused to his reputation by the publicationimputation of certain alleged defamatory statements made by the petitioner at a Press Conference held at New Delhi on January 10 1989
The allegation in the plaint was that the petitioner le velled several accusations at the said Press Conference which were widely circulatedreported in the newspapers of January 11 1989
In substance the allegation was that the Respondent and his family members pocketed more than Rs300 crores through fraudulent deals in lands situate in Banga lore and other parts of Karnataka whereby the respondent favoured his relativesfriends besides non resident Indi ans
By the instant petition filed by the petitioner under section 25
Code of Civil Procedure the petitioner prays for the transfer of the said suit pending in Bombay High Court to any Civil Court in Karnataka preferably the City Civil Court at Bangalore on the ground of forum non conven ience
In support of the petition it is urged by the peti tioner that i the petitioner s father maintains a family house at Bangalore ii that all the events that provide the defence to the litigation took place in Karnataka at Bangalore iii that the entire documentary evidence touch ing the alleged acts being in official files and in private custody would be easily available in Bangalore iv that most of the witnesses who are in the know of respondent s wrongs are residents of Karnataka more particularly Banga lore v that the discovery and inspection of documents can be conveniently had in Bangalore vi that the evidence relating to telephone tappings done at the behest of the respondent would be available in Karnataka and vii that the people of Karnataka State are vitally interested in the outcome of the litigation
For these reasons amongst oth ers the petitioner prays for the Transfer of the suit from Bombay to Bangalore
470 The respondent while opposing the transfer of the suit contends that the petitioner having aligned himself with the Ruling Party at the Centre was indulging in making intemper ate slanderous and false allegations against him with a view to maligning him and advancing the political interest of the Ruling Party at the Centre
According to him the hearing of the suit has been delayed as the petitioner has not filed his written statement
The respondent further contends that being the dominus litis he was entitled to choose the forum
Allowing the petition this Court HELD The Supreme Court is empowered at any stage to transfer any suit appeal or other proceeding from a High Court or other Civil Court in one State to a High Court or other Civil Court of another State if it is satisfied that such an Order is expedient for the ends of justice
474H 475A The question of expediency would depend on the facts and circumstances of each case but the paramount consideration for the exercise of power must be to meet the ends of jus tice
476C Words of wide amplitude for the ends of justice have been advisedly used to leave the matter to the discretion of the apex court as it is not possible to conceive of all situations requiring or justifying the exercise of power
475D If the ends of justice so demand the case may be trans ferred under this provision notwithstanding the right of dominus litus to choose the forum and considerations of plaintiff s convenience etc
cannot eclipse the requirement of justice
Justice must be done at all costs if necessary by the transfer of the case from one Court to another
476D E The ends of justice in the instant case demand that the suit be transferred from the Bombay High Court to the City Civil Court Bangalore where most of the documentary evi dence and the majority of witnesses are available
Since the respondent ordinarily resides in Bangalore and was the Chief Minister of Karnataka during the period the various acts of which he is accused of took place the impact of the accusa tion would be as much if not more on the readers of Banga lore
No prejudice much less substantial prejudice would be caused to the respondent if the suit is transferred as prayed
477C  F G 471 Sanjay Gandhi and Anr
vs Rani Jethmalani  and Union of India vs Shrimani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee and Ors
   referred to