Civil Appeal No 1517 of 1971
From the Judgment and Order dated 8 2 71 of the High Court of Judicature at Madras in section A No 88766
K Ram Kumar and Mrs J Ramachandran for the Appellants
R section Ramamurthi and M K D Namboodri for the Respondents
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by TULZAPURKAR J
The only question that arises for consideration in this Appeal is whether the Respondents Plaintiffs  suit was barred by Limitation under article 134 B of the Limitation Act
One Muthammal who was the absolute owner or the suit properties executed a deed of settlement dated 17th May 1925 Ea A3 whereby she endowed the suit properties to a temple in the village the deity therein being her family deity She constituted herself as the first Trustee for her life and after that her husband and mother were to be the trustees and after their demise respondent s heirs were to be the trustees
Five years later i e
On 21st January 1930 she purported to cancel and revoke the trust settlement by getting the Deed of Cancellation registered
Thereafter certain mortgages were executed by her in respect of the properties and later on the properties were sold by her to the father of the appellants Nos 1 and 2
She died on 7th October 1960
The plaintiffs claiming 812 to be the trustees of the endowment filed a suit on 22 8 1962 claiming possession of the properties challenging the alienations that were made in favour of the appellants  father
The appellants raised a plea of adverse possession and the suit being barred under Art 144 of the Limitation Act
On merits the Trial Court came to the CONCLUSION that the deed of settlement itself was not a genuine deed but even if it were the suit which had been filed on 22nd August 1962 was barred under Act 144
When the matter was taken in appeal the Appellate Court took the view that the deed of settlement was valid and genuine and in fact it effected a legal endowment in favour of the deity the original settlor having divested herself of the ownership completely
In other words the deed of cancellation was in effective in law
The suit was regarded as one falling under article 134 of the Limitation Act and since the suit had been filed thin 12 years from the death of the settlor Muthammal it was held to be within time and the plaintiffs  suit was decreed
The appellants appealed to the High Court and in Second Appeal the High Court confirmed the first Appellate Courts decree
That is how the appellants have come up in appeal to this Court
Though initially the parties were at variance on the question as to whether it was article 144 or article 134 of the Limitation Act 1908 that was applicable to the suit in the High Court at the stage of the second appeal it was common ground that the suit was governed by article 134 B
Before us also counsel for both the parties agreed that the suit would be governed by article 134 but a question raised was as to when did the period of 12 years under that article commence  Whether it commenced from the date of the death of the settlor or her deemed resignation as a trustee  Counsel for the appellants conceded before us that if the period for the suit is regarded as commencing from the death of Muthammal which occurred on 7 10 1960 the suit would obviously be within time but he contended that there was a resignation on the part of Muthammal as a Trustee and such resignation if not overt and express must be deemed to have taken place by reason of the fact that she herself had executed and registered the Deed of Cancellation exhibit B l on 21 1 1930 and thereafter she had alienated the properties in favour of the appellants  father and she even left the village for quite a few years
And since the suit which was filed in the year 1962 was filed long after the expiry of 12 years from such deemed resignation it was barred
In this behalf counsel relied upon a 813 decision of this Court in Srinivas vs Ramaswami1 where a view A has been taken that deemed resignation or deemed removal of the prior manager could be the commencement or the starting point of limitation
On the other hand counsel for the respondents plaintiffs urged that there was no plea of limitation specifically raised on the basis that there was any deemed resignation on the part of Muthammal and therefore parties did not lead any evidence focusing heir attention on this aspect of the matter and even if there be some evidence vaguely or generally led by the parties on this aspect the same should be ignored for in the absence of a plea being raised in that behalf such evidence has to be ignored and would be of no avail
Alternatively counsel for the respondents plaintiffs contended that even otherwise by the mere execution of a Deed of Cancellation C and indulgence in alienations of properties by Muthammal in favour of the appellants  father no deemed resignation should be implied for a wrongful cancellation deed and a wrongful alienation cannot affect her character as a trustee of the properties under the Deed of Settlement which was complete and under which she had divested herself of the ownership of the properties irretrievably therefore the starting point of limitation for the suit must be held to be the date on which Muthammal died
It can not be disputed that where a trustee wrongfully alienates some trust property and for that matter even if the entire trust property is alienated he does not cease to be a trustee
On parity of reasoning it stands to reason that by wrongfully executing a Deed of Cancellation the settlor cannot effectively revoke the settlement and if such settlor happens to be the trustee he shall continue to be the trustee of the settlement
In the instant case there is a clear finding recorded by the first appellate court and the High Court that a Deed of Settlement dated 17th May 1925 was valid and complete in all respects whereunder Muthammal had divested herself of the properties which she had endowed to the temple and both the cancellation Deed as well as the alienations were ineffective and wrongful and therefore it could not be said that by indulging in these acts she had resigned her position as a trustee of the endowment One more aspect was relied upon by the counsel for the appellants that Muthammal had left the village for quite a few years and that there was evidence to show that the Puja of the deity in the temple way done by some other person and even some devotees had contributed to the expenses of the temple
The fact that the Muthammal had left the village for few years is neither here not there
And 1 19661 3 SCR 120 814 the other two aspects in our view are really equivocal and would not be conclusive of the matter on the point of Muthammal having resigned in as much as the temple which was a village temple was already in existence to which only properties had been endowed by Muthammal and the temple was a public religious institution to which the endowment had been made by Muthammal and as such the fact that certain expenses of the temple were contributed by devotees or members of the public would hardly be indicative of the fact that Muthammal had resigned from the position as a trustee qua the 
endowed property in question Similar would be the position with regard to the fact that some persons were performing the Puja which would not be unnatural in the case of a public religious institution
It is true as has been observed by this Court in Srinivas as case supra that there could conceivably be a deemed resignation or a deemed removal but for that purpose some additional facts would be required to be proved
In our view the aforesaid facts on which reliance has been placed by counsel for the appellants by themselves are insufficient to warrant the inference that there was deemed resignation on her part
Having regard to the above discussion we are clearly of the view that in the instant case limitation will have to be regarded as having commenced on the date of the death of Muthammal and the respondents plaintiffs suit would be within time
As a last attempt counsel for the appellants made a faint request that if the materials were insufficient an opportunity should be given to the appellants to lead evidence on that aspect of the matter and the matter should be remanded back to the Trial Court
We do not think that at this distance of time we could consider this request favourably especially when there was no specific plea raised by the appellants in the written statement based on this aspect of the matter
In the result we confirm the decisions of the first appellate court and the High Court
The appeal is dismissed
No costs
A P J Appeal dismissed


Summary:
Muthammal the absolute owner of the suit properties executed a Deed of Settlement dated May 17 1925 exhibit A 3 whereby she endowed the suit properties to a temple of her family deity
She constituted herself as the first trustee for her life and after that her husband and mother were to be the trustees and after their demise the respondents  heirs were to be the trustees
Five years later ie On January 28 1930 she purported to cancel and revoke the trust settlement by getting the Deed of Cancellation registered
Thereafter certain mortgages were executed by her in respect of the properties and later on the properties were sold by her to the father of appellants Nos
I and 2
She died on October 1 1960
The respondents plaintiffs claiming to be the trustees of the endowment filed a suit on August 29 1962 for possession of the properties challenging the alienations that were made in favour of the appellants  father
The appellants contested the suit and raised the plea of adverse possession and the suit being barred under Article 144 of the Act
The trial court held that the Deed of Settlement itself was not a genuine deed but even if it were the suit was barred under Article 144
In the appeal by respondents plaintiff the Appellate Court held that Deed of Settlement was valid and genuine and in fact it effected a legal endowment in favour of the diet the original settlor having disvested herself of the ownership completely and consequently the Deed of Cancellation was ineffective in law
The suit was regarded as one falling under article 134B of the Act and the suit having been filed within 12 years from the death of the settlor was held to be within time and the respondents Plaintiffs   suit was decreed
In the second appeal filed by the appellants the High Court confirmed the first Appellate Court s decree
810 on appeal to this Court the appellants relying on the decision in Srinivas vs Ramaswami19663 SC R 120 contended that there was a resignation on the part of the settlor as a Trustee and such resignation if not overt and express must be deemed to have taken place by reason of the fact that she herself had executed and registered the Deed of Cancellation Ex
B 1 on January 21 1930 and thereafter she had alienated the proper ties in favour of the appellants  father and she even left the village for quite a few years and since the suit was filed in the year 1962 long after the expiry of 12 years from such deemed resignation it was barred
The respondents plaintiffs however contended that there was no plea of limitation specifically raised on the basis that there was any deemed resignation on the part of the settlor and as the parties did not lead any evidence focussing their attention on this aspect of the matter and if there be some evidence vaguely or generally led by the parties on this aspect the same should be ignored
alternatively it was contended that even other wise by the mere execution of a Deed of Cancellation and indulgence in alienations of properties by the settlor in favour of the appellants  father no deemed resignation should be implied for a wrongful Cancellation Deed and a wrongful alienation cannot affect her character as a trustee of the properties under the Deed of Settlement which was complete and under which she had divested herself of the ownership of the properties irretrievably
The starting point of limitation for the suit must be held to be the date on which the settler died
Dismissing the appeal  HELD 1
Limitation in the instant case will have to be regarded as having commenced on the date of the death of the settlor and the respondents plaintiffs  suit would be within time
814E 2
Where a trustee wrongfully alienates some trust property and even if the entire trust property is alienated he does not cease to be a trustee
By wrongfully executing a Deed of Cancellation the settlor cannot effectively revoke the settlement and if such settlor happens to be the trustee he shall continue to be the trustee of the settlement
813 a F In the instant case there is a clear finding recorded by the first Appellate Court and the High Court that the Deed of Settlement dated May 17 1925 was valid and complete in all respects where under the settlor had divested herself of the properties which she had endowed to the temple and both the Cancellation Deed as well as the alienations were ineffective and wrongful and therefore it could not be said that by indulging in these acts she had resigned her position as a trustee of the endowment
813 F G 3 The fact that the settlor had left the village for a few years is neither here nor there
The facts regarding performing of Puja of the deity in the temple by some other persons and contribution towards the expenses of the temple by some devotees are really equivocal and would not be conclusive of the matter on the point of the settlor having resigned inasmuch as the temple which was a village temple was already in existence 811 to which only properties had been endowed and the temple was a public A religious institution to which the endowment had been made and as such the fact that certain expenses of the temple were contributed by devotees or members of the public would hardly be indicative of the fact that the settlor had resigned from the position as a trustee qua the endowed property
Similar would be the position with regard to the fact that some persons were performing the Puja which would not be unnatural in the case of a public religious institution
813H 814A C There could conceivably be a deemed resignation or a deemed removal but for inferring the same some additional facts would be required to be proved
The facts on which reliance had been placed by the appellants by themselves are insufficient to warrant the inference that there was a deemed resignation 814C D Srinivas vs Ramaswami 19661 3 SCR 120 referred to