ivil Appeal No 195 of 1963
Appeal from the judgment and decree dated March 24 1959 the Allahabad High Court in First Appeal No 7647
CB Agarwala and JP Goyal for the
appellant
ST Desai MV Goswami and BC Misra for the respondent No 1
MV Goswami and BC Misra for respondents Nos 2 7
and 8
RS Gupta SS Khanduja and Ganpat Rai for respondent No 9
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by Hidayatullah J
This appeal arises from a suit filed by respondents 1 and 2 for declaration of their rights to the Phulpur Estate for possession of properties belonging to the Estate and for mesne profits
The Phulpur Estate is situated in Allahabad District
One Rai Bahadur Rai Pratap Chand who died on January 23 1901 was the Zamindar of this Estate
After his death his widow Rani Gomti Bibi succeeded to the Estate
Rani Gomti Bibi was considerably influenced by her brother Gaya Prasad and priests belonging to some temples
In the years following the death of her husband Rani Gomti Bibi made many endowments involving vast properties and in July 1920 the Court of Wards assumed charge of the Estate which the Rani was mismanaging
On February 21 1923 the Rani adopted one Bindeshwari Prasad and then applied to the Court of Wards under section 37 of the UP Court of Wards Act for permission to make the adoption
The Collector Mr Knox made an enquiry and on April 3 1923
made a report exhibit 79 stating that the evidence tendered before him was so conflicting and unreliable that he had come to the conclusion that the authority of Rai Pratap Chand to adoption by his widow was not proved
He therefore recommended that Rani Gomti Bibi be declined permission to make the adoption and the Board of Revenue accordingly refused permission
Rani Gomti Bibi however executed a deed of adoption on November 6 1924 in favour of Bindeshwari Prasad
A suit was filed by Parmeshwar Dayal who was the first plaintiff in the persent suit in 1925 against Rani Gomti Bibi Bindeshwari Prasad and the Court of Wards challenging the adoption made by the Rani
On August 21 1926 the suit was decreed and it was held that the adoption was contrary to section 37 of the UP Court of Wards Act 1912 and was thus 29 invalid inasmuch as permission to take the adoption was not obtained from the Court of Wards
Rani Gomti Bibi then applied to the Court of Wards for permission to adopt Bindeshwari Prasad s brother s son Dwarka Nath who is the present appellant
Fresh enquiries about the authority of the husband were made by the then Collector Mr Thompson
He examined witnesses from a list filed by Gaya Prasad in the earlier suit of 1925
After considering the evidence the Collector recommended grant of permission under section 37 of the UP Court of Wards Act and permission was accordingly granted by the Board of Revenue
On November 28 i929 the Rani adopted Dwarka Nath at Phulpur
Immediately after this adoption the Court of Wards released the Estate and assumed charge of it again on behalf of Dwarka Nath who was a minor
On january 5 1943 Rani Gomti Bibi died and the present suit was filed by Parmeshwar Dayal and one Amarnath Agarwal to whom Parmeshwar Dayal had assigned 616th share in the Estate
This suit was decreed by the Civil Judge of Allahabad who held inter alia that Parmeshwar Dayal was the nearest reversioner of Rai Partap Chand and was entitled to succeed him and further that the adoption was invalid as there was no proof of authority given by Rai Pratap Chand to Rani Gomti Bibi to make the adoption
The suit for declaration and possession was decreed with mesne profits amounting to Rs 88000 against Dwarka Nath and the Collector and the Court of Wards who was also made a party to the suit
Three appeals were filed against the judgment and by a common judgment dated March 24 1959 the High Court affirmed the decree except in respect of mesne profits
The High Court certified the case as fit for appeal to his Court and the present appeal results
At the hearing Mr CB Agarwala stated on behalf of the appellant that he did not challenge that Parmeshwar Dayal was the nearest reversioner of Rai Pratap Chand
We are also not now concerned with the endowments
Mr Agarwala contended that the findings about authority by Rai Pratap Chand to the adoption were erroneous an required to be reconsidered
In seeking reconsideration of this finding
Mr Agarwala relied both on facts and law
In so far as his claim is to have the evidence reconsidered it may be stated at once that it is not the practice of this Court to examine the evidence at large specially when the High Court and the Court below have drawn identical conclusion from it
In this case the evidence about the authority such as it was was considered both by the Trial Judge and the High Court and they could not persuade themselves to accept it
Following the settled practice of this Court we declined to look into the evidence for the third time but we permitted Mr Agarwala to raise arguments of law and we shall deal with those arguments now
30 Mr Agarwala relies upon ss 37 and 53 of the UP Court of Wards Act 1912 and contends that inasmuch as the Court of Wards made an enquiry into the truth of the allegations that Rai Pratap Chand had given express authority to Rani Gomti Bibi to make an adoption after his death and found in favour of authority the conclusion of the Court of Wards to grant permission and the reasons for the decision cannot be questioned by a civil suit
This argument in our judgment cannot be accepted
Section 37 of the UP Court of Wards Act in so far as it is material
reads as follows 37
Disabilities of wards A ward shall not be competent a     b to adopt without the consent in writing of the Court of Wards c    
Provided first that the Court of Wards shall not withhold its consent under clause b   if the adoption    is not contrary to the personal or special law applicable to the ward     lm0 The section obviously places a hurdle in the way of adoptions by the wards which must be removed before the adoption can be valid
The section affects the competence of the Wards to make the adoption and as the consent is a pre requisite any adoption made without such consent must be ineffective
The section however does not make the sanction of the Court of Wards to cure illegalities or breaches of the personal law
Nor does the sanction make up for incompetence arising under the personal law
It is obvious that if the adoption is void by reason of the personal law of the person adopting the consent of the Court of Wards cannot cure it
Nor would  the consent take the place of the essential ceremonies or the religious observances where necessary
Those matters would have to be determined according to the personal law in civil court of competent jurisdiction
Mr Agarwala argues that section 53 is a bar to any suit questioning the adoption made after the consent of the Court of Wards to the adoption has been given
That section cannot be used in this manner
It reads 53
i The exercise of any discretion conferred on the State Government or the Court of Wards bythis Act shall not be questioned in any Civil Court
2    
The section merely puts the exercise of discretion by officers acting under the Court of Wards Act beyond question
Thus if the Court of Wards gave or refused its consent to a proposed adoption a suit would not He either to cancel the consent or to compel it
This section however does not go to the length that after the consent of the Court of Wards the adoption itself cannot be question 31 ed at all
There are no words in the section to this effect nor can such a result be implied
If the Court of Wards gave its concurrence to a proposed adoption the bar created by section 37 of the Act would be removed
but it would not make the adoption immune from attacks in a Civil Court on any ground on which adoptions are usually questioned there
Mr Agarwala claims that the reasons for the consent of the Court of Wards are a part of the consent and are within section 531
This cannot be accepted
No doubt the Court of Wards reached its own conclusion for purpose of section 37 that Raj Pratap Chand had accorded authority to Rani Gomti Bibi to adopt a son
but if the adoption was questioned in a civil court
the civil court would not be ousted of its jurisdiction to decide the question
All that the civil court would be compelled hold would be that the requirements of the Court of Wards Act ds to the consent of the Court of Wards were fulfilled
In our judgment the legal argument that after the consent of the Court of Wards the Civil Court was incompetent to reconsider the question of the authority given by the husband cannot be accepted
In deciding the question of authority the High Court rejected the oral evidence led before it and affirmed the conclusions of the trial Judge
The High Court considered this evidence both intrinsically and in the light of the attending circumstances and found it unacceptable
The trial Judge pointed out that as lawyers were present when Rai Pratap Chand is alleged to have given authority to his widow and as it was also suggested that that fact should be recorded it was unbelievable if the statements were true that written authority would not have been prepared then and there
The High Court did not content itself with accepting the opinion of the trial Judge but discussed the evidence de novo and rejected it
The High Court pointed out that Rai Pratap Chand was only 30 years old at the time of his death and his wife was 25 years old and he could not have abandoned the hope of having an issue
Evidence shows that the writing was put off because it was not thought that Rai Pratap Chand was dying
The High Court also pointed out that Rani Gomti Bibi executed between November 24 1901 and August 19 1904 4 documents making different endowments
In none of these documents she mentioned that she had been asked by her husband to make them
The High Court pertinently pointed out that the oral evidence showed that the declaration of the authority to his wife and the oral will to make the endowments were made by Rai Pratap Chand at the same time and these facts would have figured as the reason for the endowments in these documents
Mr Agarwala contends that even if the reasons for the endowments might be expected to be expressed
it is not logical to say that the deeds should have recited the irrelevant fact that authority was given to Rani Gomti Bibi to make the adoption
This is perhaps right but the fact remains that the two directions of Rai Pratap Chand went hand in hand and even if the fact of authority was not 32 recited in the documents one would expect at least the oral will to make the endowments to be mentioned
This shows that the whole story about oral directions to Rani Gomti Bibi was untrue
Mr Agarwala then seeks to use the statements made by Gaya Prasad and the witnesses before Mr Thompson
In the High Court this claim was based upon sections 11 32 and 157 of the Indian Evidence Act
The High Court rejected these statements and declined to attach any value to them
Section 11 was not relied upon before us but the other two sections were referred to in an effort to have that evidence read
Section 157 of the Indian Evidence Act lays down 157
Former statements of witness may be proved to corroborate later testimony as to same fact In order to corroborate the testimony of a wmess any former statement made by such witness relating to the same fact at or about the time when the fact took place or before any authority legally competent to investigate the fact may be proved
 Two circumstances which are alternative are conditions precedent to the proof of earlier statements trader this section
The first is that the statements must have been made at or about the time when a fact took place
The fact here is the authority said to have been given by the husband in 1901
The statements were made on December 18 1928 27 years after the event
They cannot be said to have been made at or about the time when the fact took place
Further as rightly pointed out by ihe High Court the Court of Wards was making an enquiry for the purpose of according its consent
It was not enquiring into the fact of the giving of authority as an authority legally competent 
That authority as we have pointed out already is the civil court for the civil court alone can finally decide such a question
It can do so even after the Court of Wards had reached a conclusion and contrary to that conclusion
Section 157 therefore cannot make the statements provable
Mr Agarwala next relies on section 327 of the Indian Evidence Act to introduce the earlier statements
That sub section reads 32
Statements
written or verbal of relevant facts made by a person who is dead or who cannot be found or who has become incapable of giving evidence or whose attendance cannot be procured without an amount of delay or expense which under the circumstances of the case appears to the Court unreasonable are them selves relevant facts in the following cases     7 When the statement is contained in any deed will or other document which relates to any such transaction as is mentioned in section 13 clause a
    33 Clause 7 makes relevant statements made in deeds wills and such other documents which relate to transactions by which a right or custom in question was created claimed modified recognised asserted or denied to add the words of cl
aof section 13
The clause does not allow introduction of parole evidence see Field on the Law of Evidence 8th Edn
p 202
Such parole evidence may be relevant under cl
5 of section 32 but that is not relied upon
We questioned Mr Agarwala whether he wished to rely upon clause 5 but he did not wish to put his case under that clause and we need not therefore consider the application of that clause
We think Mr Agarwala is right in taking this course be cause cl
5 requires that such a statement should have been made before the quest ion in dispute was raised
The statements in question were definitely made after the question in dispute in the suit had already arisen because one enquiry had already been made by Mi 
Knox and the statements now relied upon were made in the second enquiry before Mr Thompson
Mr Agarwala next wishes to use the statements made by Gaya Prasad on March 14 1926 exhibit 72 but that clearly is not admissible because when it was made in the suit Gaya Prasad was being examined as a party before issues were framed
In fairness to Mr Agarwala it may be mentioned that he did not press the point after noticing the above fact
Mr Agarwala contends lastly that as Dwarka Nath was adopted on November 28 1929 and the present suit was filed on May 21 1945 after more than 15 years and as during this time
Dwarka Nath had been considered by everyone to be legally and validly adopted the suit ought to have been dismissed
It may be pointed out that Parmeshwar Dayal never accepted the adoption of Dwarka Nath
He had filed an earlier suit and questioned the competence of Rani Gomti Bibi to make the adoption of Bindeshwari Prasad
In that suit he had denied that Rai Pratap Chand had given authority to his wife to make the adoption of a son after his death
He consistently denied the validity of the second adoption and in these circumstances it cannot be said that he was concluded by any rule of law from questioning the adoption of Dwarka Nath after Rani Gomti Bibi s death
On an examination of all the legal pleas against the judgment of the High Court we are satisfied that none of them avails the appellant
In so far as the question of fact are concerned we have already stated that we do not propose to go into them as it did not appear to us that there was any legal reason for reaching a different conclusion
We accordingly dismiss the appeal but order that the parties shall bear their own costs throughout
Appeal dismissed


Summary:
A widow whose estate was under the charge of the Court of Wards
made an adoption and applied under section 37 of the UP Court of Wards Act 1912 for permission to make the adoption
The Collector refused the permission as the grant of authority to adopt by the husband who died in 1901 was not proved
The 1st respondent s father the nearest reversioner filed a suit challenging the adoption as contrary to section 37 of the Act and the suit was decreed
The widow
thereafter applied to the Court of Wards for permission to adopt the appellant
Fresh enquiries about grant of authority by the husband to adopt were made and permission was granted and the appellant was adopted in 1929
Immediately after the adoption of the appellant the Court of Wards released the estate and assumed charge of it again on behalf of the appellant who was a minor
On the death of the widow in 1943 the 1st respondent s father filed a suit challenging the validity of the appellant s adoption on the ground that the widow had no authority from her husband to adopt
The Trial Court decreed the suit and the High Court on appeal
affirmed the decree
In appeal to this Court it was contended that the conclusion of the Court of Wards to grant permission and the reasons for the decision could not be questioned in a civil suit
HELD The Civil Court was competent to reconsider the question of the authority given by the husband even after the consent of the Court of Wards
Section 37 of the UP Court of Wards Act affects the competence of the wards to make an adoption and as the consent of the Court of Wards is a pre requisite any adoption made without such consent must be ineffective
The section however does not make the sanction of the Court of Wards cure illegalities or breaches of personal law
Nor does the sanction make up for incompetence arising under the personal law
Those matters would have to be determned according to the personal law in a Civil Court of competent jurisdiction
30E G Section 53 also is not a bar to such a suit
The section only provides that if the Court of Wards gave or refused its consent to a proposed adoption a suit would not lie to cancel the consent or to compel it
It does not go to the length of saying that after the consent of the Court of Wards the adoption itself cannot be questioned at all
30H In deciding the question of authority the statements made by witnesses at the second enquiry by the Court of Wards for giving its consent to adopt could not be considered by the Civil Court they were not relevant or admissible either under section 327 or section of the Indian Evidence Act
32 D F 33 A C 28 As the 1st respondent s father never accepted the appellant s adoption it could not be said that the suit filed more than 15 years after the adoption during which time the appellant had been considered by everyone to be legally and validly adopted ought to be dismissed
33E G