Appeal No 208 of 1955
Appeal from the judgment and decree dated November 27 1951 of the former Nagpur High Court in Second Appeal No 169 of 1947 arising out of the judgment and decree dated February 3 1947 of the First Additional District Judge Amraoti in Civil Appeal No 85 A of 1946 against the judgment and decree dated December 20 1945 of the Civil Judge First Class Ellichpur in Civil Suit No 1 of 1943
W section Barlingay and A G Ratnaparkhi for the appellant
H J Umrigar and Sardar Bahadur for respondent No 1
R Ganapathy Iyer M P Nathwani and R H Dhebar for respondent No 2 1960
January 12
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by section K DAS J
This is an appeal on a certificate section K Da J granted
by the High Court of Nagpur under clause c 712 of Article 1331 of the Constitution to the effect that the case is a fit one for appeal to this Court
It raises some important questions as to the right of the revenue authorities of the State Government concerned to resume certain lands which are known as  patel ki huq inam  lands situate in what was previously known as the ceded area of Berar
The plaintiff Bhagwantrao Shivaji Patel Bhagwantrao to give his short name is the appellant before us
Vishwasrao Patel
who was defendant No 2 in the suit is now respondent No 1
Originally the Provincial Government of the Central Provinces and Berar was defendant No 1 and now the State of Bombay is respondent No 2 before us
Formerly the lands in suit lay within the province of Central Provinces and Berar later they fell within the State of Madhya Pradesh and now they are in Bombay
The relevant facts which have given rise to the appeal may now be shortly stated
The lands in suit were comprised in six survey numbers stated in paragraph one of the plaint
They lay in village Nawabag a jagir village of Ellichpur now called Archalpur taluq of Berar and we shall hereinafter give some more details of that jagir
In that village there were four families of Patels some members of which held the Patel s office in rotation of ten years each
These four families went by the surnames of Dongre Rokade Raut and Ingle
We are concerned with the Rokade family
One Shivajirao of that family had two sons called Amrit and Bhagwant
Bhagwant as we know is the appellant before us
Vishwasrao respondent No 1 is the son of Amrit
Shivajirao died sometime in 1886
His son Amrit died in 1920
In 1923 there was a partition between the appellant and respondent No 1
The case of the appellant was that as a result of this partition the  patelki inam  lands were divided and the lands in suit were allotted to the share of the appellant
When Shivajirao was alive he worked as patel so did Amritrao in his turn
Lastly Vishwasrao also worked as patel
In 1935 a special officer was appointed by Government to prepare a record of rights of the jagir village of Nawabag
This 713 officer submitted a report on which certain enquiries were made
As a result of these enquiries it was held that the appellant was not entitled to hold the patelki inam lands which were given as emoluments of his office to the working patel from the Rokade family
It was ordered by the Deputy Commissioner that the lands in possession of the appellant should be resumed and regranted to the working patel viz respondent No 1
The appellant appealed against this order
The Commissioner of Berar set aside the order of eviction but maintained the status quo pending final orders of Government
Ultimately on December 19 1941 the Financial Commissioner held that the person actually working as patel was entitled to receive the full emoluments of his office and revenue officers had consistently refused to admit any claims to shares in patelki emoluments
Accordingly he set aside the order of the Commissioner and restored that of the Deputy Commissioner
Thereupon the appellant brought his suit in 1942 in which he claimed that the Government had no jurisdiction or authority to resume and regrant the lands to respondent No 1 and the orders passed by the revenue authorities concerned were null and void
The appellant asked for possession and mesne profits
By a subsequent amendment of the plaint the appellant alleged that at least two of the plots 211A and 91A had ceased to be  patelki inam  lands and were private property of the family
Therefore in any view of the matter Government had no right to resume these two plots
His claim with regard to these plots was alternatively placed on a somewhat different footing and we shall in due course consider that claim
The suit was dismissed by the trial Judge but on appeal by the present appellant the learned Additional District Judge of Amraoti decreed the suit
There was a second appeal to the High Court of Nagpur which allowed the appeal set aside the decree of the lower appellate court and restored that of the trial Judge
The High Court substantially held that 1 the lands in suit were granted by the then sovereign authority by way of remuneration or emoluments for 91 714 services to be rendered by the patel and the grant was recognised as a service inam by the British Government and 2 it was open to the revenue authorities to resume and regrant the lands in accordance with the provisions of the Patels and Patwaris Law 1900 in force in Berar and section 190 of the Berar Land Revenue Code 1928
Thereafter the appellant applied for and obtained a certificate from the High Court and the present appeal has been brought pursuant to that certificate
To appreciate the points which have been urged before us on behalf of the appellant it is necessary to state some more historical facts about the jagir village Nawabag and the  patelki inam  lands comprised therein
The original sanads by which the jagir of Nawabag or the  patelki inam  was created have not been produced in this case
There is no doubt howeverthat both are of very ancient origin
Berar was ceded by the Nizam of Hyderabad in 1853 and the Inam Rules for settlement of jagir and inam claims were made in 1859 Rule 1 whereof stated inter alia that land which was proved to have been held as inams either under a fixed quit rent or rent free for a period of 40 years before the cession was to be treated by the British Government as inam possessed under a valid title
The promulgation of the Inam Rules was followed by an inams investigation
exhibit P 1 is the copy of an inam entry dated August 31 1866
This document shows that the jagir of Nawabag was granted by the Kings of Delhi to one Shah Abdul Huq originally
It was subsequently continued and confirmed by sanads granted by the Nizam of Hyderabad in 1757
The village had a total area of about 1846 bighas out of which about 262 bighas were held by patels in lieu of their  huq  in the proportion of I bighas per netan a measure of nine bighas
The Inam Commissioner stated that the jagir had been held upward of 100 years before the inam enquiry and should be continued except for an area of 200 big has for which there was no satisfactory proof in perpetuity subject to a quit rent of Rs 87 8 0
There is an earlier document exhibit P 9A of October 241771 715 which shows that there was a dispute between the jagirdars and the patels about the latter s right to get If bighas of  patelki inam  land per  netan 
The jagirdars disputed the claim of the patels and ultimately the dispute was submitted to the Nazim Sahib of Ellichpur
The document contains the following recital which shows that the  patelki inam  lands of village Nawabag were also very ancient grants The Nazim after seeing from the previous records as to who was in enjoyment granted the mukaddami inamof a bigha and a half from year to year as desired by the mukaddaman
As per the old judicial usage land is calculated at the rate of one and half bigha pernetan and measured out from the lands of Nawabag and the aforesaid mukaddaman are held to be occupants of the said cultivated landIt appears that out of 262 bighas of  patelki inam lands in the village the Rokade family held about 11 plotsapproximately of about 50 acres
Sometime before 1904 some of the co sharer jagirdars of Nawabag ali enated the jagir lands to strangers
This led to resumption proceedings by Government and ultimately half of the jagir village was resumed by Government in or about 1904 05
As a result of a detailed enquiry survey numbers 1 to 21 and 40 to 45 of the  patelki inam  lands fell in the resumed portion and survey numbers 22 to 39 were included in the jagir portion
As survey numbers 2IA and 9IA in possession of the Rokade family fell in the resumed portion they were recorded as Khalsa and were assessed to revenue while the remaining survey numbers viz 291 343 362 and 372 continued to be in possession of the Rokade family free of assessment
There was another resumption proceeding in or about 1917 when it was discovered that the jagirdars had alienated lands falling in the jagir portion also
This time the lands resumed were not made Khalsa but were regran ted to the jagirdas
As a result of this regrant the jagirdars thought that they were entitled to take possession of the patelki inam lands of the Rokade family also
This led to some more revenue proceedings and we come now to one of the important 716 documents in this case viz a letter dated August 28 1922 by which sanction of Government was conveye to the exclusion from resumption of 25 acres and 15 gunthas of land in the khalsa portion of the village and to the exclusion from the land regranted to the jagirdar viz of 24 acres 30 gunthas in the inam portion of Nawabag jagir village
The order made by the Government further stated that the aforesaid lands would be recorded in the name of Amrit Shivaji Patel as his  patelki huq inam 
Some of the other patel families made an attempt to get a release of the inam lands held by them which had since been resumed but this attempt proved unsuccessful and Government held that an enquiry showed that with the exception of Amritrao no member of the old patelki families except Deo Rao was in possession of the old patelki inam lands and as Deo Rao did not belong to a branch in which the right to officiation resided his claim could not be considered
The order of Government in 1922 therefore made it clear that the patelki inam lands of Amritrao formed one
homogenous separate service grant and were not dependent on the resumption of the jagir of Nawabag
The proceedings of 1917 1922 were followed by the proceedings of 1935 1941 which culminated in a third resumption of the  patelki inam  lands and regrant to Vishwasrao and to Which we have earlier referred
These proceedings bring the history of the lands in suit up to the time when the appellant brought his suit in 1942
Now apart from the alternative claim with regard to survey numbers 2IA and 9IA and the claim of title by adverse possession which claims we shall consider later the principal question which falls for decision in this appeal is the true nature of these  patelki inam  lands do they constitute a grant by way of remuneration or emoluments of the patel s office by the use of the lands as found by the High Court or do they constitute a grant of land to the patelki family burdened with service and so long as the service is performed by any member of the family the lands are joint family lands subject to partition 717 etc
among the members of the family Onbehalf of the appellant it has been very stronglycontended before us that the finding of the High Court on this point is wrong
On this part of the case learned counsel for the appellant has made a four fold submission firstly that the rights which the Rokade family had in these lands were rights of dealing with the property as owners subject to a member of the family rendering patelki service or in other words the grant was a grant of land burdened with service secondly the grant was made by the jagirdar of village Nawabag and not by the sovereign authority and neither the Inam Rules nor the provisions of the Patels and Patwaris Law 1900 applied thirdly even if the aforesaid Rules and provisions applied the appellant still retained his hereditary rights in the lands and fourthly the orders of Government dated August 28 1922 did not confer any new right nor did they deprive anybody of any subsisting right in respect of the  patelki inam  lands and Government had no right to resume the lands and regrant them to respondent No 1
The second submission can be disposed of without much difficulty
We have already stated that the sanads creating the jagir or the  patelki inam  have not been produced
The earliest document we have is the kararnama of October 24 1771
That document shows as we have stated earlier that there was a dispute between the jagirdars and the patels the patels were demanding I bighas per netan as their  huq and the jagirdars were saying that no such  huq  was mentioned in the sanads granted to the jagirdars
The dispute was referred to the Nazim who was the local representative of the then sovereign authority and the decision of the Nazim was expressed by saying that the Nazim granted the inam of a bigha and a half from year to year for each netan it was also stated that this was supported by old judicial usage
In our view the kararnama shows two things first the grant of  patelki inam  of 1 12 bighas per netan was in its origin a grant by the sovereign authority which the Nazim confirmed in accordance with old 718 judicial usage secondly that the grant was from year to year in lieu of patelki services and was binding on the jagirdars who agreed to be bound by it
The entry in the Inam Register dated August 31 1866 exhibit P 1 is to the same effect it shows that 262 bighas were excluded from the jagir  as allowed to patel in lieu of his huq to 1 12 bighas in contradistinction to other petty inams allowed by the holders jagirdars themselves
On behalf of the appellant our attention has been drawn to Rules 1 and 11 of the Inam Rules and to Rule XV it has been submitted that if the  patelki inam  was separate from and independent of the jagir which was a class 111 inam a separate title deed in the form of an inam certificate would have been granted in respect of the  patelki inam  as a class IV inam
It may be as the High Court points out that the  patelki inams  were not separately recognised during the inam enquiry and it was then assumed as if these were interests carved out of the lands granted
to the jagirdars
There is how
ever clear evidence in the record that the  patelki inam of this case was independent of the jagir
Immediatly after the first resumption proceedings against the jagirdars in 1904 05 the position of the patels came under consideration of the revenue authorities
In 1906 one Moti of Dongre family was appointed patel by the Sub divisional officer Ellichpur
In 1907 Amrit son of Shivaji was appointed patel in the Rokade family to officiate in rotation with Moti
This appointment was made by the Deputy Commissioner
In 1908 there was a dispute between the jagirdars and patels and the order of the Sub divisional officer who decided the dispute said The Jagirdar says that his family appointed Patels from the watan family but this is not borne out by such papers as exist
There is a petition dated 4 1 67 from the Jagirdar requesting the Revenue authority of the time to appoint a certain person as Patel
At that period then the Revenue authorities and not the Jagirdar appointed the Patel
The Patels are village servants only and are responsible only to the Government and not to the Jagirdar
719 The Patel family has had watandari rights for certainly 150 years or so
I am of opinion therefore that the watan seems independent of the Jagir
 This dispute went up to Commissioner Sly later Sir Frank Sly and he held that the patelki is a watan independent of the jagir and he approved the proposal for rotation between Moti and Amrit
The  patelki inams  were treated on the same basis in the resumption proceedings of 1917 1922 and by the order dated August 28 1922 Government excluded the  patelki inam  lands from the resumption proceedings relating to the jagir on the footing that they were separate from and independent of the jagir
Mr Walker then Financial Commissioner said in his order dated August 7 1918 exhibit ID 11 Although the Patel holds no Inam Certificate I agree with the Commissioner that the inam resumption procedure which was necessitated by the action of the jagirdar ought not to upset the arrangement concerning the Patels which was made at the suggestion of His Exalted Highness the Nizam s Government many years ago
To give effect to this view it will be necessary to reopen the enquiry as regards the whole village both the khalsa part and the regranted inam part and to determine what fields in each represent the original grant of 262 bighas to the Patel in lieu of his huq
When that area has been determined the orders of resumption will have to be modified so as to exclude it
 There is therefore overwhelming evidence in this case to show that the patelki inams were separate from and independent of the jagir of Nawabag though the lands lay within the jagir village
This brings us to the more important question what is the true character of the patelki inam lands of this case  On this point also we think that there is clear and unimpeachable evidence in support of the finding of the High Court
We have already referred to the kararnama of 1771 and the inam entry of 1866
If the grants were a grant of land to the patelki 720 families burdened with service it is difficult to under stand how there could arise a dispute about remuneration between the jagirdars and patels and why the remuneration of 1 12 bighas per netan should be fixed from year to year
In a revenue case of 1908 Amrit Patel had himself stated that the land was given to his ancestors in lieu of patelki huq and it should not be assessed to land revenue
Even in his plaint the appellant had asserted that the  Patels were given certain lands out of the jagir village for their working as patels and for discharging other duties
 There is another important document in this connection
In the second resumption proceedings of 1917 Government had first decided to resume the jagir and regrant it to the then Jagirdar Amerulla Khan
In the orders passed exhibit ID 18 it was stated that the Jagirdars would be at liberty to allow the working patels to hold such lands as were considered reasonable by the Deputy Commissioner free of revenue and in lieu of mushahara emoluments or wages
It is important to note that everybody understood then that the  patelki inam  was in lieu of wages or emoluments for the office of patel
These orders led to an enquiry and Amritrao made a statement that he was holding survey numbers 26 27 29 34 36 and 37 in lieu of patelki emoluments
He said that he was even willing to hold 4 acres 17 gunthas of survey No 27 in lieu of his emoluments
It appears that the Sub divisional officer then recommended that Amrit Patel should be given only 4 acres 17 gunthas as emoluments for his office
Later an application was made on behalf of Amrit which was signed by his brother the present appellant as his agent in which occurred the following significant statements The learned SDO has again lost sight of the fact that the family of the applicant has been doing the work of the Patel from a very long time that in the early days of the Berar Administration when land had no value and did not fetch the income it is doing now the applicant and his predecessors worked to what they would get from the land
Cash had more value then than land and hence the Inamdars thought 721 it is advisable to commute money payment into land grant
That the learned Sub Divisional Officer has lost sight of the fact that in the inam enquiry and the sanad granted to the Inamdar of the Nawabag Jahagir in 1866 the land in the possession of the applicant has been deducted from the area of the village and it isonly the rest of the area that is made over to theInamdar vide Co 5 of the sanad viz area of grant
This shows that in 1866 the area reserved for the Patel was considered as a fair remuneration in kind to the Patel for his work These statements show clearly enough what the appellant and his brother Amrit understood to be the character of the  patelki inam  lands they clearly said that the lands were given in lieu ofemoluments or remuneration
This view ultimatelyprevailed and the earlier orders were modified on the recommendation of Commissioner Standan who saidthat the lands held by the patel as  patelki inam should be excluded from resumption and the patel should be allowed to hold the lands free of any payment in lieu of cash remuneration for his office
Inthe result were passed the orders dated August 281922 to which a reference has already been made
These transactions and the statements made thereinare admissible in the absence of the sanads creatingthe grant to show how the parties themselves haveunderstood and dealt with the grant in contestedrevenue proceedings between the jagirdars and patels
On behalf of the appellant it has been submittedthat there is evidence in the record to show that someof the patels had alienated  patelki inam  landsand the  patelki inam  lands of each patel remainedwith him in spite of the fact that the office was heldin rotation  these circumstances it is contendedmilitate against the view that the grant was a meregrant of office with emoluments in the shape of Inamlands
We are unable to accept this contention ascorrect
The statement of the appellant himself in a 92 722 revenue case of 1937 38 exhibit ID 15 shows that the lands alienated by the other patels were resumed and regranted to the jagirdar in the resumption proceedings of 1917 18
After Amritrao had succeeded in getting his  patelki inam  lands excluded from resumption the other patels also unsuccessfully attempted to get their lands released a circumstance to which we have earlier referred
This shows that Government never accepted the position that the  patelki inam  lands could be freely alienated on the contrary the evidence in the record shows that Government had resumed such lands on more than one occasion
As to the second circumstance it is indeed true that the office was rotatory this is provided for in section 3 of the Patels and Patwaris Law 1900 but each patel retained his inam land even when it was not his turn to work as patel
We do not however consider this circumstance as establishing that the grant was other than what the High Court held it to be
Section 3 of the Patels and Patwaris Law 1900 says in clear terms that when there are two or more patels in a  village and the duties can in the opinion of the Deputy Commissioner be efficiently performed by one patel the Deputy Commissioner can direct that each patel shall hold office in turn by rotation for a term of not less than 10 years
This does not mean that a patel ceases to be a patel when his turn is over he continues to be a patel and enjoys his emoluments
We propose now to examine the position Under the Inam Rules 1859 the Berar Patels and Patwaris Law 1900 and the Berar Land Revenue Code 1928
The argument on behalf of the appellant is that even under the Inam Rules he is entitled to his share in the patelki inam lands so long as a member of the family works as patel
Learned counsel for the appellant has drawn our attention to Rules V and VI and has submitted that being a service inam the it patelki inam  would come under the fourth class mentioned in Rule 11 and would be governed by Rule VI2 which says  Inams granted in lieu of lands or money stipends commonly called huqs and ressums of offices such as 723 Deshmukh Deshpandia and others the service of which has either been dispensed with or otherwise discontinued shall be disposed of according to clause of the Rule V if they are hereditary in their terms either by express declaration of Government or by recognized usage
Nothing in this rule shall be deemed to apply to cash allowance known as ressums or lawazamas granted to Deshmukhs and Deshpandias in lieu of emoluments previously payable to them That Rule refers to clause 2 of Rule V which reads  If the present incumbent is a descendant of the original grantee the inam will be continued to him hereditarily subject to the following conditions  First Successions limited to direct lineal heirs and undivided brothers
Second The inam escheats to Government on failure of such heirs
Third Future alienation of the inam is prohibited
Fourth The right of adoption to an inam is not recognized
 The contention before us is that under Rule VI2read with Rule V2 the appellant was entitled to his share in the  inam  as an undivided brother of Amritrao Patel
We do not think that this contention is correct
For one thing Rule VI2 applies to inams granted in lieu of lands or money stipends the service of which has either been dispensed with or otherwise discontinued
That is not the case here
Secondly clause 8 of Rule VI makes it clear that when the inam attached to the office is wholly or partially in the enjoyment of members of the family who do not perform service such portion of the alienated inam as may be considered necessary for the efficient performance of the duties will be attached to the office holders and Rule XIV2 says that service grants are not liable to be alienated by purchase or otherwise
Rule VIII explains the term inam  and Rule 11 also has a bearing on the question before us
It says so far as it is relevant for our purpose  The settlement will be made with the head member of the family holding the office or enjoying the 724 inam and who will be held alone responsible to Government and in no case will the Government interfere to compel the actual incumbent of an office to make over any portion of his regulated service grant to other branches of the family as service grants cannot be divided according to the orders of Government  Rule XXI2 says interalia that in respect to service grants the decisions of the Commissioner and the Resident respecting lands held free by the village officers as remuneration for service shall be considered final
From these Rules it is manifestly clear to us that there is nothing in them on the basis of which the appellant can claim as of right that he has a share in the patelki inam  lands as a member of the patel s family irrespective of whether he performs the service or not
The position under the Patels and Patwaris Law 1900 appears to be clearer still
Section 9 of the said Law states that the emoluments appertaining to the office of the patel or patwari shall be enjoyed solely by the person for the time being holding the office even a substitute shall receive the whole of the emoluments appertaining to the office unless the Deputy Commissioner otherwise directs and if there are two or more patels in a village the Deputy Commissioner shall determine the proportions in which they shall share in the emoluments of office
Sections 10 and 1 1 say that the emoluments appertaining to the office of patel shall not be liable to attachment or sale and every assignment thereof shall be void
Under section 20 the jurisdiction of the Civil Court is barred with respect to any claim by any person to any emolument appertaining to the office of patel
These provisions clearly indicate that the  patelki inam  lands are subject to orders passed by the revenue authorities in respect of the matters mentioned therein and no right is given to a member of the family of the patel to claim a share in the emoluments
The power to resume lands granted on condition that the holder shall render certain services is 725 specifically referred to in s190 of the Berar Land Revenue Code
We quote below the material portion of the section   Section 1901 If alienated land has been granted on condition that the holder shall render certain services or incur expenditure for the benefit of the community or any section thereof and the holder fails to render such services or to incur such expenditure to the satisfaction of the Deputy Commissioner or if the holder transfers the land in such a manner that in ther opinion of the Deputy Commissioner the purpose of the grant is likely to be defeated the Deputy Commissioner may declare such land to be forfeited
2 Land forfeited under this section shall vest in the Crown for the purposes of the Province free of all encumbrances and shall be regranted on the original conditions made under this Law
 Section 192 says inter alia that no civil court shall entertain any suit to obtain a decision on any matter which the revenue authorities are empowered under the Law to determine and among the matters mentioned in the section is any claim against the State relating to any property or emoluments appertaining to the office of any hereditary officer or servant
These provisions also negative the claim of the appellant
We proceed now to consider certain decisions on which learned counsel for the appellant has sought to place reliance
We may notice here one comment made by him
He has submitted that the High Court has relied on the decision of the Privy Council in Venkata Jagannadha vs Veerabadrayya 1 where the question was whether the karnam service lands enfranchised to a karnam a village accountant in Madras State were subject to any claim of partition by other members of the family and his comment is that the  patelki inam  lands in Berar stand on a footing different from karnam service lands in Madras and there are decisions in which it has been held that co sharers have a right to a share in service grants in Berar
The first decision to which oar attention has 1 1921 LR 48 IA 244
726 been drawn is Krishnarao vs Nilkantha and Others 2
That was a case of a jagir and it was held that it came under the third class and nothing regarding ordinary rule is that if persons are entitled beneficially to shares in an estate they may have a partition
It was further held that property consisting of an ordinary inam village was liable to partition at the suit of a co sharer except when it was held on a saranjam or other impartible tenure or where the terms of the grant impose a condition upon its enjoyment
We do not think that this decision establishes what the appellant is seeking to establish in this case that is that be has a share in the emoluments of the patel s office
The next decision is that of the Privy Council in Mir Subhan Ali vs Imami Begum 3  all that was laid down there was that the devolution and incidents of an inam estate in Berar were regulated by the Inam Rules 1859 but only in matters not mentioned in the sanad or certificate or other document evidencing the special terms of the grant in the particular case
The fundamental question at issue there was one of construction namely whether the beneficial interest in the Inam granted to a common ancestor of the parties and continued by the British Government in 1866 passed under the terms of the grant then made to all heirs of the grantees according to Shia Mahomedan Law or whether the interest devolved on the male descendants only
It was not a service grant and no question of a share in the emoluments of the patel s office arose there
In Lakhamgouda Basavaprabhu Sardesai vs Baswantrao and Others 4 the Privy Council pointed out the distinction between the grant of an office to be remunerated by the use of land and the grant of land burdened with service it said that in the former case the land would be prima facie resumable but not so in the latter case unless the terms of the grant or the circumstances in which it was made established that it was resumable
1 AIR 1922 Nag
2 3 AIR 1931 PC 157
727 In the case of Jaiwantrao and Another vs Sahebrao 1 the inam certificate issued to the head of the senior branch of a family of Deshmukh watandars stated that the village was granted for personal maintenance to the claimant his descendants and co sharers Accordingly it was held that a co sharer was entitled to possession of his share appearing from the inam statement
In Raje Shrinivasrao vs Raje Vinayakrao2 there was grant of two villages to the great grandfather of the appellant and the respondent who were brothers and  his lineal heirs  or  his successors 
The question was whether primogeniture was to be the order of descent or the estate was impartible
It was held that the ordinary principles of Hindu Law were applicable and the earlier decision in Mir Subhan Ali vs Imami Begam 3 was referred to
Here again the grant was not a service grant and no question of a claim of a share in the emoluments of office fell even for consideration not to speak of decision
We consider it unnecessary to multiply decisions
It is enough to state that no decision has been brought to our notice in which it has been held that a member of the patel s family is entitled as of right to a share in the emoluments of the patel s office and that Government has no right to resume  patelki inam lands and regrant the same to the officiator
It remains now to consider the special claim with regard to survey numbers 2IA and 9lA
The case of the appellant was that these two plots ceased to be inam lands when they fell in the resumed portion of the Jagir they were sold by Bannobi Begum and Mahmudi Begum the jagirdars and the appellant and his brother Amrit brought suits and obtained decrees in respect of these two plots and in execution of the decrees they obtained possession
The learned trial Judge rightly pointed out that the decrees aforesaid related to property other than plots 2IA and 9lA
Moreover it is not disputed that the entire  patelki inam  lands in possession of Amritrao patel including the plots which were made khalsa in 1904 05 were 1 2 ILR 3 728 excluded from resumption and Amrit s patelki inam lands were treated as a homogenous unit by the orders passed on August 28 1922
The two plots 21 1 A and 91Atherefore stand on the same footing as other patelki inam lands of Amritrao
The claim of title by adverse possession can be disposed of in a few words
Once it is held that the lands were given by way of emoluments for the patel s office no question of title by adverse possession arises against Government even though the lands were shown as excluded from the jagir of Nawabag in 1866
Amrit worked as patel till he died in 1920 and even though the appellant got possession by partition in 1923 it was open to Government to resume the lands in 1941 and regrant the same to respondent No 1
The appellant can only succeed if he establishes that he had a right to a share in the patelki inam  lands and Government had no right to resume the same
This the appellant has failed to establish
For the reasons given we hold that the appeal is without merit and must be dismissed with costs
Appeal dismissed


Summary:
The expression  the total sum directed to be paid  used in section 171 a of the  properly construed does not mean the total sum directed to be paid to each individual applicant
Consequently an employer against whom a direction for payment is made under section 153 of the Act has a right of appeal under section 171 a not only when a single applicant is awarded a sum exceeding Rs 300 but also when an award of a like amount is made on a single application made under section 162 of the Act on behalf of several employees belonging to the same unpaid group or on several applications consolidated into one under section 163 thereof
Section 171 a does not contemplate that before the right to appeal can accrue to the employer in the latter case each individual applicant must be awarded Rs 300 or more
Since the language of the statute is clear and unambiguous no consideration of any possible hypothetical anomaly can be allowed to affect its plain meaning
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AIK  A C Arumugam  Ors
vs Manager Jawahar Mills Ltd Salem junction AIR 1956 Mad 79 Promod Ranjan Sarkar vs R N Mullick AIR 1959 Cal
318 and Cachar Cha Sramik Union vs Manager Martycherra Tea Estate  Anr
AIR 1959 Assam 13 approved