minal Appeal No 343 of 1977
Appeal by Special Leave from the Judgment and Order dt
21 10 75 of the Delhi High Court in Criminal Revision No 118 of 1973
A K Sen  A K Nag for the Appellant
R N Sachthey  section P Nayar for Respondent No 1
V Prabha and section P Nayar for Respondent No 2
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by FAZAL ALI J
This appeal by special leave is directed against the judgment of the High Court of Delhi dated 21st October 1975 by which the High Court set aside the order of the Magistrate discharging the appellant and directed his commitment to the Court of Session
The facts of the case have been detailed in the judgment of the High Court and that of the trial Court and it is not necessary for us to repeat the same all over again
It will be enough to say that the complainant Pratap Bhanu Prakash Singh purchased 27000 shares of Rohtas Industries which are entrusted to the appellant against a loan of Rs 182 lacs advanced by the appellant
Accordingly the allegation was made in the complaint that the appellant committed a breach of trust of the amount covered by the shares by selling them against express directions of the complainant
The allegations were denied by the appellant who put forward a plea that there was no entrustment and that the shares were pi iced in the hands of the appellant as security and therefore the question of breach of trust did not arise
In view of the allegations and counter allegations more by the parties we are not inclined to go into the merits of the case particularly when we propose to uphold the order of the High Court directing commitment of the appellant to the Court of Session
Any observations which may be made by us on merits are likely to prejudice either party at the trial and therefore we refrain from going into merits at this stage
We are however satisfied that having regard to the reasons given by the High Court it cannot be said that the High Court was in error in exercising its discretion by setting aside the order of discharge and directing commitment to the Court of Session
It appears that the appellant was tried by the trial Magistrate who after entering into pros and con of the case found that no prima facie case was established and he accordingly discharged the appellant by his order dated 28 10 1971
he complainant unsuccessfully filed a Revision against this order before the Sessions Judge Delhi who affirmed the order of the Magistrate
Ultimately the matter came up in revision before the High Court which after going through facts and circumstances of the case found that a prima facie case for commitment was made out and set aside the order of discharge passed 490 by the Magistrate and upheld by the Sessions Judge and directed that the appellant be committed to the Court of Session
Hence this appeal by special leave before us
Two points were argued by Mr Ashoke Sen the leaned counsel for the appellant
In the first place it was urged that having regard to the admitted facts and circumstances of the case no prima facie case against the accused was made out and the trial Magistrate was therefore justified in discharging the appellant and the High Court exceeded its jurisdiction in reversing the order of discharge and di recting commitment
For the reasons that we have already given it is not possible for us to hold that the order of the High Court suffers High Court suffers from the infirmity pointed out
The High Court has arrived at a finding of fact that a primafacie case was made out for directing commitment to the Court of Session and this Court would not normally interfere with the discretion exercised by the High Court
We would like to point out that under Sec
213 sub cl
2 of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1898 hereinafter referred to as the 1898 Code a Magistrate can discharge the accused if he finds that there are no sufficient grounds for committing the accused
It is obvious that the High Court has applied its mind to the facts and circumstances of the case and it is not for this Court in appeal by special leave to go into the sufficiency or insufficiency of the material before the Magistrate which may afford a justification for passing an order of discharge
In these circumstances the first argument put forward by the learned counsel for the appellant is overruled and we refrain from saying anything more on this aspect
The second argument of Mr Ashoke was that even if the High Court was right in directing commitment by setting aside the order of discharge the position will be that by virtue of a legal fiction the commitment proceedings which culminated in the discharge of the appellant would revive so as to attract the operation of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973 hereinafter referred to as the 1973 Code as a result of which the case against the appellant would cease to be one which would be exclusively triable by the Sessions Court and therefore the Magistrate would be competent to try the case himself under the 1973 Code
In order to appreciate the argument advanced by the learned counsel for the appellant it may be necessary to extract the relevant portion of the 1973 Code
The relevant section 484 runs thus  4841 The Code of Criminal Procedure 1898 is hereby repealed 2 Notwithstanding such repeal a if immediately before the ate on which a Code comes into force there is any appeal application trial inquiry or investigation pending then  such appeal application trial inquiry or investigation shall be disposed of continued held or made as the case may be in accordance with the provisions of the C de of Criminal Procedure 1898 as in force immediately before such commence 491 ment hereinafter referred to as the Old Code  as if this Code had not come into force  Provided that every inquiry under Chapter XVIII of the Old Code which is pending at the commencement of this Code shall be dealt with and disposed of in accordance with the provisions of this Code
 The first part of this section clearly excludes the application of the 1973 Code to any appeal application trial inquiry etc
pending at the time when the 1973 Code comes into force
The provisio to sec
4841  2 however carves out an exception to the general rule contained in section 4842 a and provides that where a commitment inquiry is pending at the commencement of the 1973 Code it is to be governed by the 1973 Code and not the 1898 Code
It was thus argued that the moment the order of discharge passed by the Magistrate was set aside the commitment inquiry revived and would be deemed to be pending on the date on which the order of the High Court was passed that is to say 21 10 1975 and thereafter the inquiry would have to be regulated by the provisions of the 1973 Code
It was argued that under the 1973 Code a case under section 409 is not exclusively triable by Sessions Court but is triable by a First Class Magistrate and therefore there would be no question of commitment of the case to the Court of Session but the Magistrate would have to try the case himself as he was competent to do so being a Magistrate of the First Class
We have examined this argument carefully but we are unable to accede to the same
The High Court has not passed any order to the effect that the commitment inquiry was to be revived but has in absolutely clear and unequivocal terms ordered that the respondent shall stand committed to the Court of Session under sec
409  view of the order passed by the High Court there is no question of any inquiry being received
Moreover it would appear from the perusal of sec
437 of the 1898 Code that the revisional Court in hearing a revision against an order of discharge passed the Magistrate may direct Commitment without any in quiry at all or he may direct a fresh inquiry
In this connection the relevant portion of section 437 of the 898 Code runs as follows  When on examining the record of any case under section 435 or otherwise the Sessions Judge or District Magistrate considers that such case is triable exclusively by the Court of Session and that an accused person has been improperly discharged by the inferior Court the Sessions Judge or District Magistrate may cause him to be arrested and may thereupon instead of directing t fresh inquiry order him to be committed for trial upon tie matter of which he has been in the opinion of the Sessions Judge or District Magistrate improperly discharged
It therefore manifestly clear that there are two courses open to the revisional court 1 either to set aside the order of discharge and direct a fresh inquiry to be made under section 436 in which 492 case the inquiry will automatically revive or 2 that instead of directing any fresh inquiry pass an order committing the accused for trial to the Court of Session
An order of the second category amounts to an order of commitment and there is no necessity of any further inquiry at all
In the instant case as the High Court did not choose to order any further inquiry but directed that the accused will stand committed to the Court of Session the question of revival of the inquiry does not arise at all
Indeed if the High Court would have directed further inquiry into the matter then the matter would have gone back to the Magistrate and the original inquiry would have revived in terms of the order of the High Court
In that case no doubt the 1973 Code may have applied
In the instant case since by virtue of the order of the High Court the Magistrate had no control or siesin of the case at all the question of any inquiry pending before him does not arise
For these reasons therefore we overrule the second contention put forward by Mr Ashoke Sen
The result is that the appeal fails and is dismissed
As the case is old the Sessions Court will give top priority to this case and dispose it of as early as possible in accordance with law
section R Appeal dismissed


Summary:
A complaint filed by respondent Pratap Bhanu Prakash Singh alleging that the appellant to whom he has entrusted the 27000 shares purchased by him from Rohtas Industries against a loan of Rs 182 lacs advances by the latter has committed a breach of trust of the amount covered by the shares by selling them against his express directions was inquired into the trial magistrate and was dismissed later on 28 10 71
The revision filed before the Sessions Judge Delhi failed
In the further revision the High Court set aside the order of discharge and directed that the appellant be committed to the Court of Sessions
Dismissing the appeal by special leave the Court HELD  1
it is not for the Supreme Court in appeal by special leave to go into the sufficiency or insufficiency of the material before the magistrate which may afford a justification for passing an order of discharge
Under sec tion 213 sub clause 2 of the Crl
Procedure
Code 1898 a magistrate can discharge the accused if he finds that there are no sufficient grounds for committing the accused
490 B D 2
Under section 437 of the Criminal Procedure Code 1898 the revisional Court in hearing a revision petition against an order of discharge passed by the magistrate may direct a commitment without any inquiry at all or he may direct a fresh inquiry
There are two courses open to the revisional Court  1 either to set aside the order of disc charge and direct a fresh inquiry to be made under Section 436 in which case the inquiry will automatically revive or 2 that instead of directing any fresh inquiry an order committing the accused for trial to the Court of Sessions
An order of the second category amounts to an order of commitment and there is no necessity of any further inquiry at all
491 E F H 492 A 3
The first part of Section 484 clearly excludes the application of 1973 code to any appeal application trial inquiry etc
pending at the time when the 1973 Code comes into force
The provision to section 484 1 2 carves out an exception to the general rule contained in Section 4842 a and provides that where a commitment inquiry is pending at the commencement of the 1973 Code it is to be governed by 1973 Code and not by 1898 Code
In the instant case the High Court has not passed any order to the effect that the commitment inquiry was to be revived but has in absolutely clear and unequivocal terms ordered the respondent shall stand committed to the Court of Sessions us 409
 Since by virtue of the High Court the magistrate had no control or siesin of the case at allthe of any inquiry pending before him does not arise
491 B CE 492 B C 489