Civil Appeal No 239 of 1985
SH Sheth for the Appellant
PH Parekh and Miss Indu Malhotra for the Respondents The Judgment of the Court was delivered by TULZAPURKAR J
The short question raised in this appeal is whether a pending appeal would be governed by the Bombay Rents Hotel and Lodging House Rates Control Act 1947 for short the Act upon the Part II of the Act being made applicable to the area in which the suit premises were situate during its pendency  The material facts giving rise to the question are these By a registered lease dated 361957 Exb 75 the respondents plaintiffs gave a lease of an open plot admeasuring about 7500 sq
forming part of a non agricultural land bearing Survey No 7041 situated in village Kalwada in Valsad District Gujarat State to the appellant defendant for a period of 10 years for the purpose of running a flour mill after making necessary construction thereon at an yearly rent of Rs 101 
There was a clause for the renewal of the term but if it was not renewed the lessors were given the right to recover vacant possession on removal of construction at the expiry of the initial term
Admittedly there was no renewal of the term and therefore on the expiry of 10 years the lessors became entitled to recover vacant possession on 361967 but the appellant defendant was permitted to hold over
By a notice under section 106 of the Transfer of Property Act issued on 2121970 the respondents plaintiffs called upon the appellant defendant to vacate and hand over vacant possession of the suit plot after midnight of 261971 that is to say on 3 61971 but as the notice was not complied with a suit in ejectment was filed against the appellant defendant on 1271972
Since the suit premises were not governed by any rent legislation eviction on the ground of determination of tenancy under Transfer of Property Act was available to the respondents plaintiffs
The trial court negatived all the defenses that were raised by the defendant 1055 appellant and decreed the suit for ejectment in favour of the respond A dents plaintiffs on 282197
On 2061977 the appellant defendant challenged the decree by filing an appeal to the District Court Navsari being Civil Appeal No 60 of 1977
While aforesaid appeal was pending in the District Court the State of Gujarat by its Notification dated 26th March 1980 applied Part 11 of the Act to village Kalwada where the suit premises were situated
Thereupon the defendant appellant with the permission of the court raised the contention that he was entitled to the protection of Part II of the Act and since none of the grounds on which eviction could be had by the landlord under Part II had been made out by the respondents plaintiffs they were not entitled to recover possession of the suit plot by virtue of the decree passed by the trial court
That contention was refuted on behalf of the respondents plaintiffs on the ground that in view of the proviso to section 50 of the Act and particularly the latter part thereof Part I I of the Act had no retrospective operation so far as pending appeals were concerned and such appeals had to be disposed of as if Part II of the Act was not applicable
The learned Assistant Judge who heard the appeal took the view that the proviso to section 50 read with the latter part thereof expressly enacted that pending appeals arising out of decrees or orders passed before the coming into operation of the Act had to be disposed of as if the Act had not been passed and therefore the appellant defendant was not entitled to any protection as claimed by him and the respondents plaintiffs were entitled to the decree for possession he therefore dismissed the appeal
The High Court confirmed the view taken by the learned Assistant Judge by dismissing the appellant defendant s second appeal summarily The appellant defendant has challenged before us the aforesaid view taken by the courts below in this appeal
In support of the plea that his client s appeal pending in the district Court was governed by Part II of the Act no sooner that Part was made applicable to Village Kalwada Counsel for the defendant appellant raised two contentions In the first place he urged that a section could be prospective in one part and retrospective i n another and that it has been so held in regard to section 12 occurring in Part II of the Act by this Court he pointed out that in Chandrasingh Manibhai and others vs Surjit Lal Ladhamal Chhabda and othersl this Court has taken the view that 1 1056 sub secs
2 and 3 of sec
12 are having regard to the language employed therein prospective in operation and therefore would apply to suits filed after the Act has come into force while in Shah Bhojraj Kuverji Oil Mills and Ginning factory vs Subhash Chandra Yograj Sinha1 it has been held that sub sec
1 of sec 12 by reason of the words used therein is retrospective in operation and covered even suits pending on the date when the Act is brought into force or is made applicable to an area and all such pending suits would have to be decided as if the protection afforded by sub sec
l is available to the tenants who are parties to such suits he urged that such protection against eviction under sec
12 l of the Act would be available to the tenant independently of sec
50 of the Act
Further according to the learned Counsel since an appeal is a continuation of a suit the protection of sub sec
 I  would be available to the tenant in the pending appeal He therefore urged that since Civil Appeal No 60 of 1977 was nothing but a continuation of the suit which was pending at the time when sec
12 was made applicable to Village Kalwada the defendant appellant was entitled to the protection of sec
121 of the Act and the trial court s decree for eviction obtained by the respondents plaintiffs was of no avail to them
Secondly he contended that sec
50 and the proviso thereto did not apply to the present case at all according to him that the proviso is not an independent provision but is linked with the substantive enactment contained in sec
50 which deals with the repeal of two earlier enactments namely Bombay Rent Restriction Act 1939 and the Bombay Rents Hotel Rates and Lodging House Rates Control Act 1944 and since the present suit was one under the Transfer of Property Act and was not under either of the two repealed Acts there would be no question of applying the proviso to such a suit or to any appeal arising out of a decree in such suit
According to P him such suits and appeals arising from decrees in such suits would be governed by sec 121 of the Act which has retrospective operation and since protection was available to his client in the pending appeal the decree for ejectment ought to have been set aside by the lower courts
The question thus raised requires proper construction being placed on the two relevant and connected provisions of the Act namely section 121 and section 50
These provisions run thus 1  1057 12
1 no ejectment ordinarily to be made if tenant A pays or is ready and willing to pay standard permitted increases
A landlord shall not be entitled to the recovery of possession of any premises so long as the tenant pays or is ready and willing to pay the amount of the standard rent and permitted increases if any and observes and performs the other conditions of the tenancy in so far as they are consistent with the provisions of this Act
Repeal
The Bombay Rent Restriction Act 1939 and the Bombay Rents Hotel Rates and Lodging House Rates Control Act 1944 are hereby repealed Provided that all suits and proceedings between a landlord and a tenant relating to the recovery or fixing of rent or possession of any premises to which the provisions of Part II apply and all suits and proceedings by a manager of a hotel or an owner of a lodging house against a lodger for the recovery of charges for or possession of the accommodation provided in a hotel or lodging house situate in an area to which Part III applies which are pending in any Court shall be transferred to and continued before the Courts which would have jurisdiction to try such suits or proceedings under this Act or shall be continued in such Courts as the case may be and all the provisions of this Act and the rules made thereunder shall apply to all such suits and proceedings
Nothing in this proviso shall apply to execution proceedings and appeals arising out of decrees or orders passed before the coming into operation of this Act and such execution proceedings and appeals shall be decided and disposed of as if this Act had not been passed
So far as section 12 of the Act is concerned having regard to the two decisions mentioned earlier it is clear that this Court has ruled that sub secs
2 and 3 of s 12 are prospective but sub sec
1 thereof is retrospective in operation and in that behalf the Court in Shah Bhojraj s case supra has relied upon the difference in the language employed in sub sec
2 and 3 on the one hand and sub sec
1 on the other
Since sub sec
2 commences with the words no suit for recovery of possession shall be instituted   and since sub sec
3 as it then stood commenced with the words no decree for eviction shall be passed in any such suit   the 1058 Court took the view that such language plainly indicated that these provisions w re intended to operate prospectively that is to say would apply to suits instituted after the coming into force of the Act
but so tar as sub sec l is concern the court pointed out that the point of time when sub sec
 t operates is when the decree for recovery of possession has to be passed and that the language of that sub section which provides that the landlord is not entitled to recover possession if the tenant pays or shows his willingness to pay the standard rent and to observe the other conditions of the tenancy is such that it applied equally to suits pending when Part II comes into force and those to be filed subsequently and is not limited only to suits filed after the Act comes into force in a particular area and in fact the Court in that case granted the benefit of the protection of sub sec
1 of sec
12 to the tenant who was a party to a suit which was already pending when Part II of the Act was made applicable
to the area in which the suit premises were situated
the decision in Shah Bhojraj s case therefore is a clear authority for the proposition that sec
121 of the Act has retrospective operation and would apply to a suit which is pending when Part II comes into force or is made applicable to a particular area where the suit premises are situated but it must be observed that the question whether the protection of sec
121 of the Act would be available in regard to a pending appeal when Part II is made applicable to the particular area did not arise for consideration nor was decided in that case
Counsel for the appellant defendant has however urged that on the well accepted principle that an appeal is nothing but a continuation of the suit the retrospective operation of s 12i must be extended to such pending appeal especially as the languages thereof must receive the same interpretation in regard to a pending appeal
We have no doubt that by itself the provision would apply to pending appeals but the provision has to be considered in the light of the other provision to be found in s 50 and the proviso thereto read with the latter part thereof which expressly deals differently with the aspect of applicability of the Act especially Part II thereof to pending suits and original proceedings on the one hand and pending execution proceedings and appeals on the other
That is why counsel for the appellant defendant raised the second contention that section 50 and the proviso thereto read with the latter part thereof did not apply to the present case at all and in that behalf urged that the proviso M together with the latter part thereof is not an independent provision 1059 but is linked with the substantive enactment contained in s 50 that A is to say the proviso has been inserted merely with a view to qualify or create an exception to what is state in the main provision 
The manner in which the two contentions were put forward by counsel for the appellant defendant clearly showed that he realized that unless the present case was taken out of the purview of s 50 and the proviso thereto read with the latter part thereof his client would not be able to claim the benefit of the protection of section 121 of the Act
Therefore the two contentions being inter dependent it will be desirable to deal with the second contention first
Of course we shall also deal with his contention that the defendant
appellant would be entitled to the protection of section 121 independently of and irrespective of whether his client s case is covered by section 50 and the proviso thereof read with the latter part thereof or not
Turning then to the second contention of counsel for the appellant defendant it is obvious that the question whether the present case falls within or outside the purview of the proviso to section 50 depends upon what is true nature and scope of the proviso introduced at the end of s 0  Is it introduced merely with a view to quality or create exceptions to what is contained in the main provision of section 50 or does it g beyond that purpose and enact a substantive law of its own by way of providing for special savings following upon the repeal of the two earlier enactments the 1939 Act and the 1944 Act  That a proviso could be of either type was not disputed before us by counsel for the appellant defendant
In fact in Shah Bhojraj s case supra this is Court after referring to two English decisions and a passage in Caries on Statute Law 5th edition at page 166 of the Report has observed thus The law with regard to provisos is well settled and well understood As a general rule a proviso is added to enactment to qualify or create an exception to what is in the enactment and ordinarily a proviso is not interpreted as stating a general rule But provisos are often added not as exceptions or qualifications to the main enactment but as savings clauses in which cases they will not be considered as controlled by the section
 The question is in which category the instant proviso together with latter part thereof fall 
It may be stated that this very question 1060 Was hotly debated before the Court in that case but was not decided and kept open because of the view taken by the Court on the contention pertaining to proper interpretation of s 121 of the Act and since the Court held that section 121 is retrospective in operation and covers suits pending on the date when Part II was applied to the particular area it granted relief to the tenant appellant against eviction
We might observe however that the same result would have obtained even if the case were considered under the proviso to s 50 because under it suits and proceedings pending at the date when Part II is made applicable are required to be decided by applying the 1947 Act to them
Since the question raised before us relates to the applicability of the 1947 Act to a pending appeal we shall have to decide the question pertaining to the true nature and scope of the proviso to sec
50 in this case
Before we deal with that question we might indicate that the said proviso to section 50 as it originally stood has undergone certain amendments effected by Bombay Act 3 of 1949
The proviso as it originally stood ran thus omitting unnecessary parts Provided that all suits and proceedings other than execution proceedings and appeals between a landlord and a tenant relating to recovery or fixing of rent or possession of any premises to which the provisions of part II apply    which are pending in any Court shall be transferred to and continued before the Courts which h would have jurisdiction to try such suits or proceedings under this Act and thereupon all the preprovisions of this Act and the Rules made thereunder shall apply to all such suits and proceedings
 By the Bombay Act 3 of 1949 three changes were made by the legislature
i it deleted the words other than execution proceedings and appeals appearing in brackets from the proviso and inserted a new paragraph at the end of that proviso dealing separately with executions proceedings and appeals ii it inserted the words or shall be continued in such Courts as the case may be in the proviso and iii it deleted the word thereupon from the proviso
The object of amendments made at ii and iii was to remove the judicial confusion caused by Courts taking conflicting views on the question whether the Act  1947 Act applied only to transferred cases and not others Previously the proviso stated that all suits and proceedings of a certain category mentioned there
1061 in shall be transferred to and continued before the Courts which A would have jurisdiction to try them under the Act and thereupon the provisions of the Act shall apply to them and therefore some Courts took the view that the provisions of the Act 1947 Act will apply only to suits and proceedings which were so transferred and continued and others held to the contrary This conflict was set at rest by these amendments
By the amendment made at i what was there in the body of the proviso was relegated to a new separate paragraph and no change was effected except that the effect of the wide expression all suits and proceedings was re emphasised and further clarified by using the words execution proceedings and appeals arising out of decrees and orders passed before the coming into operation of this Act in the new paragraph
Bearing in mind the aforesaid legislative amendments we shall proceed to consider the question as to what is the true nature and scope of the proviso
For that purpose it will be necessary to read as a whole the entire provision namely the substantive part of section 50
the proviso thereto and the new paragraph added at the end of the proviso
So read two aspects stand out very clearly
In the first place it is clear that under the substantive part of section 50 on the coming into force of the Act the 1947 Act the two earlier enactments 1939 Act and the 944 Act stand repealed
If nothing more was said then section 7 of the Bombay General Clauses Act 1904 would have come into play and would have had the effect of saving the legal proceedings or remedies in respect of any right privilege obligation or liability acquired accrued or incurred under the repealed enactments
In other words all suits and proceedings including education proceedings and appeals arising therefrom which were pending on the relevant date and which were governed by the provisions of these respective repealed Acts would have been saved and the rights and obligations of the parties thereto would have been worked out under the relevant provisions of the repealed Acts
But here a clear intention to deviate from the normal rule which applies to the repeal of enactments is clearly evinced by the Legislature by the manner in which the proviso w s enacted initially or as it now stands after the amendments
Either under the proviso as it originally stood or under the new separate paragraph enacted by way of an amendment the legislative intent was and is quite clear that only suits and original proceedings between a landlord and a tenant of the description or categories specified 1062 therein which were pending on the relevant date are required to be decided and disposed of by applying the provisions of the 1947 Act while execution proceedings and appeals arising out of decrees or orders passed before the coming into operation of the Act are denied the benefits of the provisions of the Act and have been directed to be decided and disposed of as if this Act had not been passed that is to say such execution proceedings and appeals would be continued to be governed by and shall be disposed of in accordance with the law that was then applicable to them In other words it is clear that the proviso was and has been enacted to provide for special savings which suggests that it has not been introduced merely with a view to qualify or create exceptions to what is contained in the substantive part of section 50
Secondly it does appear that the Legislature while framing the Act the 1947 Act was enacting certain provisions for the benefit of tenants which conferred larger benefits on them than were in fact conferred by the earlier enactments which were repealed and this would be clear if regard be had to the wider definition of the expression tenant  adopted in section 511 of the Act and therefore the legislature thought it advisable that in regard to pending suits and original proceedings also of course of the description or categories specified therein in which the decrees and orders were not passed to provisions of the Act should be made applicable
It is with this intention that the proviso to section 50 has been enacted in the manner it has been done
What is more while so extending the larger benefits of the Act the 1947 Act to tenants the Legislature has used a very wide expression namely all suits and proceedings between a landlord and a tenant so as to include within that category suits and proceedings filed under the repealed Acts as also under the general law or Transfer of Property Act
Deliberate use of such wide expression clearly shows that the benefit of the Act was intended to be given to all tenants who were parties to all suits and proceedings filed either under the repealed Acts or under the general law or Transfer of Property Act and were pending at the relevant date
It is therefore clear that the proviso read with the separate paragraph added thereto will have to be regarded as an independent provision enacting a substantive law of its own by way of providing for special savings and Counsel s contention that the same has been added merely with a view to qualify or to create an exception to what is contained in the main provision of section 50 has to be rejected
We might refer to a Bombay High Court decision in Shankarlal 1063 Ramratan vs Pandharinath Vishnu1 where a similar view of the proviso to section 50 of the Act has been taken and we approve the same
Having regard to the aforesaid conclusion which we have reached on the true nature and scope of the proviso to section 50 of the Act it would be clear that the present case in which an appeal arising out of a decree passed in a suit filed under the Transfer of Property Act was pending when Part II of the Act was made applicable to village Kalwada would be directly covered by the proviso read with the separate paragraph added thereto and the appeal was liable to be decided and disposed of as if the 1947 Act had not been passed that is to say had to be disposed of in accordance with the law that was then applicable to it In this view of the matter we are of the opinion that the learned Assistant Judge as well as the High Court were right In coming to the conclusion that the appellant plaintiff was not entitled to any protection of the 1947 Act as claimed by him
Counsel for the appellant defendant however faintly urged before us that his client would be entitled to the protection of section 121  of the Act which has been held to be retrospective in operation independently of and irrespective of whether his case was covered by the proviso to section 50 read with the latter part thereof or not
It is impossible to accept this contention for the simple reason that 8
121 of the Act would unquestionably be a general provision whereas the proviso to section 50 read with the new paragraph added thereto which has now been held to be an independent provision enacting substantive law in itself and which expressly deals with pending matters suits and other proceedings in contradistinction with execution proceedings and appeals would be a special provision contained in the Act and obviously under the normal rule of interpretation the special provision must prevail over the general and therefore if a case is covered by the special provision the general provision will not be attracted to it The Contention has therefore to be rejected Before parting with the case we would like to point out that Chandrasingh Manibhai s case supra was also a case dealing 1 53 Bom
LR 319 1064 with an appeal arising out of a decree passed on a date prior to the coming into force of the 1947 Act in a suit filed under the Transfer of Property Act which was pending at the relevant date and the question was whether on the principle that the appeal was in the nature of a rehearing of the suit the same should be decided in accordance with the provisions of the 1947 Act which had come into force during its pendency and this Court took the view that having regard to the proviso to section 50 as it originally stood the Act was given retrospective operation only to a limited extent and execution proceedings and appeals were excluded from this effect and were to be governed by the law in force at the time when the decrees were passed and therefore the tenant was not entitled to the protection of the 1947 Act and was liable to be evicted
Really speaking this decision had concluded the point raised before us in the present appeal But since in Shah Bhojraj s case supra a distinction was made between sub sec
1 of section 12 on the one hand and sub secs
2 and 3 on the other and it was held that the former provision was retrospective in operation and the latter prospective Counsel for the appellant defendant made valiant attempt to brings his client s case within the purview of section 121 by putting forward the plausible contention that his case was not covered by the proviso to section 50 read with the separate paragraph added thereto at all on the ground that the said proviso together with the new separate paragraph added thereto was not an independent provision enacting any substantive law therein but was linked with the main provision contained in section 50 and had been introduced merely with a view to qualify or create an exception to what is contained in the main provision but that attempt has failed in view of our conclusion on the true nature and scope of the said proviso read with the Dew separate paragraph added to it
In the result the appeal fails and is dismissed but in the circumstances there will be no order as to costs
NVK Appeal dismissed


Summary:
The respondents plaintiffs gave a lease of an open plot lo the appellant defendant for a period of 10 years for the purpose of running a flour mill after making necessary construction thereon at a yearly rent
In the lease deed there was a clause for the renewal of the term and also that if it was not renewed the lessors were given the right to recover vacant possession on removal of construction at the expiry of the initial term
There was no renewal of the term on the expiry of 10 years lease period and the appellant defendant was permitted to bold over
Later by a notice nuder section 106 of the Transfer of Property Act the respondent called upon the appellant defendant to vacate and hand over vacant possession As the notice was not complied with a suit in ejectment was filed against the a appellant defendant The trial court negatived all the daffiness that were raised by the appellant defendant and decreed the suit for ejectment in favour of the respondents plaintiffs
The appellant defendant challenged the decres by an appeal to the District Court and while the appeal was pending the State by a Notification dated 26th March 1980 applied Part II of the Bombay Rents Hotel and Lodging House Rates Control Act 1947 to the village where the suit premises were situated
The appellant defendant with the permission of the court raised the contention in the appeal that he was entitled to the protection of Part II of the Act and since none of the grounds on which eviction could have been made under Part II had been made out by the respondents plaintiffs they were not entitled to recover possession
This contention was refuted ml behalf of The respondents plaintiffs on the ground that in view of the proviso to s 50 of the Act and particularly the latter part thereof Part II of the Act had no retrospective operation so far as 1052 pending appeals were concerned and such appeals had to be disposed of as if Part II of the Act was not applicable
The Assistant Judge took the view that the proviso to section 50 read with the latter part thereof expressly enacted that pending appeals arising out of decrees or orders passed before the coming into operation of the Act had to be disposed of as if the Act had not been passed and therefore the appellant defendant was not entitled to any protection as claimed by him and the respondents plaintiffs were entitled to the decree for possession and dismissed the appeal
The second appeal of the appellant defendant to the High Court was summarily dismissed
In the appeal to this Court on the question whether a pending appeal would be governed by the Bombay Rents Hotel Rates and Lodging House Rates Control Act 1947 Upon the Part II of the Act being made applicable in the area in which the suit premises were situated during its pendency 
Dismissing the Appeal  HELD 1
Having regard to the two decisions in Chandrasingh Manibhai and others vs Surjit lal Ladhamal Chhaabda and others and Shah Bhojraj Kuverji Oil Mills and ginning factory v Subhash Chandra Yograj Sinha  it is clear that sub secs
2 and 3 of section 12 are prospective but sub sec
1 thereof is retrospective in operation
1056B 2
By the Bombay Act 3 of 1949 three changes were made by the legislature i it deleted the words other than execution proceedings and appeals appearing in brackets from the proviso and inserted a new para graph at the end of that proviso dealing separately with execution proceedings and appeals ii it inserted the words or shall be continued in such Courts as the case may be in that proviso and iii it deleted the word thereupon from the proviso
the object of amendments made at ii and iii was to remove the judicial confusion caused by Courts taking conducting views on the question whether the Act 1947 Act applied only to transferred cases and not others
By the amendment made at i i what war there in the body of the proviso was relegated to a new separate paragraph and no change was effected except that the effect of the wide expression  all suits and proceedings was re emphsised and further clarified by using the words execution proceedings and appeals arising out orders passed before the coming into operation of this Act in the new paragraph
1060G H 1061B C 3
i The substantive part of section 50 the proviso thereto and the new paragraph added at the end of the proviso has to be read as a whole to know the true nature and scope of the proviso
1059B ii Under the substantive part of section 50 on the coming into force of 11 the Act the 1947 Act the two earlier enactments the 1939 Act and the 1053 1944 Act stand repealed
If nothing more was said then section 7 of the A Bombay General Clauses Act 1904 would have come into play and would have had the effect of saving the legal proceedings or remedies in respect of any right privilege obligation or liability acquired accrued or incurred under the repealed enactments
In other words all suits and proceedings including execution proceedings and appeals arising therefrom which were pending on the relevant date and which were governed by the provisions of the repealed Acts would have been saved and the rights and obligations of the parties thereto would have been worked out under the relevant provisions of the repealed Acts
But the proviso which provides for special savings clearly indicates that pending suits and original proceedings in which decrees and orders have not been passed alone should be governed by the provisions of the Act and not execution proceedings and appeals arising out of such decrees and orders passed before the coming into operation of the Act
1061E G 1062A B iii The proviso was and has been enacted to provide for special savings which suggests that it has not been introduced merely with a view to qualify or create exceptions to what is contained in the substantive part of section 50
Secondly it does appear that the Legislature while framing the Act the 1947 Act was enacting certain provisions for the benefit of tenants which conferred larger benefits on them than were in fact conferred by the earlier enactments which were repealed this is clear if regard be had to the wider definition of the expression tenant  adopted in section S II and therefore the Legislature thought it advisable that in regard to pending suits and original proceedings of the description or categories specified therein in which the decrees and orders were not passed the provisions of the Act should be made applicable
It is with this intention that the proviso to section 50 has been enacted in the manner it has been done
1062C E iv While extending the larger benefits of the 1947 Act to tenants the Legislature has used a very wide expression namely all suits and proceedings between a landlord and tenant so as to include within that category suits and proceedings filed under the repealed Acts as also under the general law or Transfer of Property Act 1062F v The proviso read with the separate paragraph added thereto will have to be regarded as an independent provision enacting a substantive law of its own by way of providing for special savings
1062G Shankarlal Ramrotan vs Pandharinath Vishnu 53 Bom
L R 319 approved
In the instant case an appeal arising out of a decree passed in a suit filed under the Transfer of Property Act was pending when Part II of the Act was made applicable to village Kalwada where the suit property was situated would be directly covered by the proviso read with the separate paragraph added thereo and the appeal was liable to be decided and disposed of as if the 1941 Act had not been passed that is it had to 1054 be disposed of in accordance with the law that was then applicable to it
The Assistant Judge as well as the High Court were therefore right in coming to the conclusion that the appellant defendant was not entitled to any protection of the 1947 Act as claimed by him
1063B Dl