Appeal No 135 of 1961
Appeal by special leave from the judgment and order dated January 3 1961 of the Rajasthan High Court Jodhpur in Civil Writ Petition No 1 of 1961
M K Nambiar R K Garg D P Singh M K Ramamurthi and section C Agarwala for the appellant petitioner
H N Sanyal Additional Solicitor General of India C C Kasliwal Advocate General of Rajasthan Khan Singh and D Gupta for the respondents
April 14
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by WANCHOO J
These two connected matters arise out of an order approving a scheme framed under Chap
IV A of the  No IV of 1939 hereinafter referred to as the Act and will be disposed of together
The brief facts necessary for present purposes are these
The appellant was plying a bus between Jaipur and Ajmer on a permit granted to him for three years by resolution of the Regional Transport Authority Jaipur dated December 1617 1958
In August 1960 the State Government promulgated rules under section 68 1 of the Act called the Rajasthan State Road Transport Services Development Rules 1960 hereinafter called the Rules
The Rules were framed for carrying out the purposes of Chap
IV A of the Act and provided inter alia for framing of schemes hearing of objections determination and payment of 980 compensation and other incidental matters
A draft scheme was published on September 7 1960 for taking over the Jaipur Ajmer route
The appellant made objections to the draft scheme within the time allowed by the notification thereof
The State Government appointed the Legal Remembrancer to hear and decide the objections under r 7 of the Rules
It appears that in the meantime an application was made under article 226 by some bus operators before the Rajasthan High Court challenging the constitutionality of section 68 D of the Act and the legality of the Rules framed by the State Government
This application was dismissed and the High Court inter alia decided while considering r 76 that it was not open to the officer hearing the objections to cancel the draft scheme and seems to have held that there was no such power even under section 68 D2 of the Act
This decision was given on November 9 1960
The draft scheme came up for consideration before the officer appointed to hear objections on November 21 1960
An application was made before him that the appellant should be permitted to give evidence on points of fact which were narrated in the application in order that the officer may be in a position to decide the objections justly
This application was rejected by the officer on the ground that there was no provision in the Rules for recording of evidence of witnesses
The matter then came up for consideration on November 23 1960
On that date another application was made in which it was said that the appellant wanted to lead evidence to show that the draft scheme must be rejected in its entirety and it was contended that the view taken by the Rajasthan High Court to the effect that it was not open to the officer to cancel a draft scheme was incorrect
This application was also rejected by the officer with the observation that he was bound hand and foot by the decision of the Rajasthan High Court and if there was anything wrong in the interpretation given by the High Court the remedy lay elsewhere
Thereafter the officer gave a hearing to the appellant in the sense that he heard arguments on behalf of the appellant and approved the draft scheme 981 by his order dated December 7 1960
The approved scheme was then published on December 121960
On January 9 1961 the Regional Transport Authority informed the appellant that his permit was cancelled as from January 26 1961 or such later date from which the buses of Rajasthan State Roadways begin to operate on the above mentioned route
In the meantime the appellant unsuccessfully moved the Rajasthan High Court and his prayer for leave to appeal to this Court was also rejected
The appellant then applied for special leave to appeal to this Court which was granted and that is how the matter has come up before us
Two main points have been urged before us on behalf of the appellant namely i the officer was wrong in the view he took that it was not open to him to reject the draft scheme in its entirety and ii the officer was wrong in holding that he could not take evidence whether oral or documentary and all that he had to do under section 68 D of the Act was to hear arguments on either side
It is contended that in view of these two wrong decisions of the officer his approach to what he had to do in dealing with objections under section 68 D was quite incorrect
 with the result that there was no effective hearing of the objections and any approval given to the scheme in these circumstances is liable to be set aside and the appellant is entitled to be heard in the real sense in which those words were used in section 68 D 2
Section 68 D 2 with which we are concerned is in these words The State Government may after considering the objections and after giving an opportunity to the objector or his representatives and the representatives of the State transport undertaking to be heard in the matter if they so desire approve or modify the scheme
 The view taken by the Rajasthan High Court in its decision of November 9 1960 seen is to be that this section does not justify what it called the cancellation of the scheme
We are of the opinion that this view is 982 not correct
What section 68 D2 provides is that after hearing the parties the State Government may approve or modify the draft scheme
This in our opinion clearly implies that the authority which has to approve or modify the scheme has the power also if it so thinks fit not to approve the scheme at all
What is before the
State Government under section 68 D 2 is a draft scheme
That sub section provides that the State Government may approve or modify the scheme that does not mean that the State Government is bound to approve the scheme with or without modifications
An authority to which power has been given to approve or modify some proposal has certainly in our opinion the power to say that it will not approve the proposal at all for the words may approve on a reasonable interpretation include may not approve
If a person may approve he is not bound to approve
Up to the stage when the hearing takes place under sub s2 the draft scheme is merely a proposal before the State Government and it will only become effective if it approves of it with or without modifications
But this power clearly implies the power to say that it does not approve the draft scheme at all and if it says that the draft scheme will stand rejected and the State Transport Undertaking may have to submit another scheme for approval
When section 68 E speaks of cancellation it refers to a scheme already approved under section 68 D3 and in that con
text the word cancellation is properly used
But the fact that section 68 E provides for the cancellation of a scheme which has already been approved does not mean that it is not open to the State Government under section 68 D2 to say after hearing the objections that it does not approve the scheme at all which is put up before it as a draft for approval
We are therefore of the opinion that under section 68 D2 it is open to the State Government to say after hearing objections that it does not approve of the draft scheme at all in which case the draft scheme will stand rejected and the State Transport Undertaking may have to frame a fresh scheme in accordance with the procedure provided in Chap
The officer therefore was wrong 983 in holding that he had no power to reject the scheme in the sense that he could withhold approval of it altogether though we may add that he came to that conclusion because of the earlier decision of the Rajasthan High Court
As for r 76 of the Rules it is in similar terms as section 68 D2 and must therefore mean what we have said above with respect to section 68 D2
If however by the use of the word shall in r 76 in place of the word may which appears in section 68 D2 the intention is to curtail the power of the officer hearing the objections the rule would be bad as going beyond what is provided in section 68 D2
But we do not think that the use of the word shall in r 76 makes any difference for the word shall had to be used there according to the rules of English Grammar and has no greater force than the word may used in section 68 D2 The learned Additional Solicitor General who appeared for the State of Rajasthan did not contest that what we have said above was the true position in section 68 D2 and r 76
ii The next question is the scope of the hearing under section 68 D2
The officer has held that the scope of the hearing is confined only to hearing of arguments and no more and that is why he rejected the prayer of the appellant for leading evidence whether oral or documentary
Now it has been held by this Court in Gullapalli Nageswara Rao vs Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation 1 that a State Government acts as a quasi judicial tribunal when giving a hearing under section 68 D
The purpose of the hearing is that the State Government has to satisfy itself that the opinion of the State Transport Undertaking formed under section 68 C namely that the scheme is for the purpose of providing an efficient adequate economical and properly coordinated road transport service is correct
The objections are all made to show that the scheme does not provide for an efficient adequate economical and properly coordinated road transport 1 1959 Supp 1 SCR 319 984 service
In order therefore to arrive at the conclusion that the draft scheme provides for a transport service of this nature the State Government as a quasi judicial authority may require materials to come to that conclusion
A hearing before a quasi judicial authority does not merely mean an argument it may in proper cases include the taking of evidence both oral and documentary
It seems to us that in the circumstances of the provision contained in section 68 D2 and the purpose of the hearing thereunder taking of evidence whether oral or documentary that maybe desired to be produced by either party may be necessary before the State Government can arrive at a just conclusion with respect to the objections to the draft scheme
We cannot therefore agree with the officer that there is no warrant for taking any evidence at all at a hearing under section 68 D2
It seems to us considering the nature of the objections and the purpose for which the hearing is given that production of evidence either oral or documentary is comprehended within the hearing contemplated in section 68 D2
The officer therefore was wrong in loading that it was not open to the parties to produce evidence before him and they were confined only to submit their arguments on the basis of the draft scheme on the one hand and their written objections on the other
We may however point out that the production of evidence documentary or oral does not mean that the parties can produce any amount of evidence they like and prolong the proceedings inordinately and the State Government when giving the hearing would be powerless to check this
We need only point out that though evidence may have to be taken under section 68 D2 it does not follow that the evidence would be necessary in every case
It will therefore be for the State Government or as in this case the officer concerned to decide in case any party desires to lead evidence whether firstly the evidence is necessary and relevant to the inquiry before it
If it considers that evidence is necessary it will give a reasonable opportunity to the party desiring to produce evidence to give evidence relevant to the enquiry and within reason and it 985 would have all the powers of controlling the giving and the recording of evidence that any court has
Subject therefore to this over riding power of the State Government or the officer giving the hearing the parties are entitled to give evidence either documentary or oral during a hearing under section 68 D2
In view of what we have said above the approach of the officer in this case was wrong on both the points
He was wrong in his view that it was not open to him to reject the scheme in toto and withhold approval altogether
He was also wrong in the view that it was not open to him to take evidence whether oral or documentary though of course as we have said above the control on this evidence must be in him
The result of this wrong approach to our mind has certainly been that the appellant did not get a hearing to which he was entitled under section 68D2
In the circumstances we must hold that the approval of the scheme was without a proper hearing under section 68 D2 which even though arguments were heard in full in this case vitiates the approval given to the scheme by the officer concerned
We therefore allow the appeal and set aside the order of the officer concerned approving the scheme and direct that the draft scheme be reconsidered by the said officer or such other officer as the State Government may appoint hereafter after giving a hearing in the light of the observations we have made above
The appellant will get his costs from the State of Rajasthan
In the circumstances no order is necessary in the writ petition which is hereby dismissed
We pass no order as to costs in the writ petition
Petition dismissed


Summary:
By section 68 D2 of the  The State Government may after considering the objections and after giving an opportunity to the objector or his representatives and the representatives of the State Transport Undertaking to be heard in the matter it they so desire approve or modify the scheme
The appellant s objections to the draft scheme in question were heard by the Legal Remembrance appointed by the State Government to hear such objections under r 76 of the Rajasthan State Transport Services Development Rules 1960 framed under section 68 1 of the Act
The appellant applied to the said Officer for permission to give evidence in order that he could show that the entire scheme ought to be rejected
His applications were rejected by the Officer holding that the Rules did not provide for recording of evidence and that according to a decision of the Rajasthan High Court dated November 9 1960 section 68 D2 of the Act did not empower him to cancel the draft scheme in its entirety
He therefore heard the arguments addressed on behalf of the appellant and approved the scheme
After moving unsuccessfully the Rajasthan High Court the appellant appealed to this Court by special leave Held that the Officer was in error on both the points
Section 68 D2 of the Act clearly implies that the authority which has to approve or modify the scheme has also the power if it thinks proper to disapprove the scheme altogether
The words  may approve in the section properly construed must also include may not approve
The use of the word shall in r 76 of the Rules instead of the word may which is otherwise similar in its terms to section 68 D2 of the Actcan make no difference
In hearing objections under section 68 D2 of the Act the State Government or its Officers act as a quasi judicial tribunal and regard being to the nature of the objections and the purpose of the hearing thereunder there can be no doubt that production of evidence both oral and documentary is clearly contemplated by the section
979 Gullapalli Nageswara Rao vs Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation 1959 Supp 1 SCR 319 referred to
Bat that does not mean that the parties can produce any amount of evidence merely to prolong the proceeding
It is for the State Government or the Officer to decide whether the evidence sought to be adduced is necessary and relevant to the enquiry and if so they will have all the powers that a court has of controlling the giving and recording of such evidence
Where a draft scheme is disapproved under section 68 D2 and thus stands rejected any fresh scheme that may have to be framed must be framed according to the procedure prescribed by Ch
IVA of the Act