ION Criminal Appeal No 49 of 1955
Appeal by special leave from the order dated the 9th July 1954 of the Punjab High Court at Simla in Criminal Revision No 778 of 1954 arising out of the judgment and order dated the 30th June 1954 of the Court of Additional Sessions Judge  Amritsar in Criminal Appeal No 409 of 1954
477 Ram Das and Raghu Nath Pandit for the appellants
Jindralal and P G Gokhale for the respondent
April 26
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by BHAGWATI J
This appeal with special leave involves the interpretation of section 9 of the Punjab Security of the State Act 1953 Punjab Act XII of 1953 hereinafter called the Act
The appellants were members of the Amritsar District Motor Union which took out a procession on 23rd March 1954 to protest against the policy of the Punjab Government to nationalise motor transport
The procession started from Gul Park and was taken on lorries and jeeps
It stopped near Chitra Talkies and then started on foot
When it reached near Prabhat Studio the appellants raised slogans Jaggu mama hai hai Jaggu maternal uncle be dead and Khachar Khota hai hai mule cum donkey be dead
The first slogan was alleged to have been directed against the Hon ble Shri Jagat Narain Transport Minister Punjab State and the second slogan against the Hon ble Shri Bhim Sen Sachar Chief Minister Punjab State
The uttering of these slogans was considered objectionable and the appellants were charged in the Court of the Magistrate First Class Amritsar that you on or about the 23rd day of March 1954 at Amritsar while being members of a procession raised slogans Jaggu mama hai hai Khachar Khota hai hai which besides being indecent amounted to defamation and was pre judicial to the security of the State and the maintenance of public order and thereby committed an offence punishable under section 9 of the Security of the State Act
The appellants pleaded not guilty and claimed to be tried
They also led evidence in defence
The learned Magistrate however disbelieved the defence and accepting the prosecution evidence found that the appellants did raise these slogans
In the opinion 478 of the learned Magistrate the slogans were in fact abuses hurled at the Transport Minister and the Chief Minister of the Punjab Government which besides being indecent amounted to defamation and were prejudicial to the maintenance of public order
The appeal taken by the appellants before the Court of Additional Sessions Judge Amritsar was unsuccessful
The learned Additional Sessions Judge also found against the appellants and observed that the slogans were highly objectionable and they fell within the ambit of section 9 of the said Act that by raising those slogans the appellants undermined the public order as well as decency and they also amounted to defamation
He therefore maintained the conviction of the appellants and the sentences of 3 months  rigorous imprisonment which had been imposed by the learned Magistrate upon them
The appellants filed a Revision Application before the High Court of Judicature for the State of Punjab at Simla but the same was summarily dismissed by the learned Chief Justice
The appellants thereafter applied for and obtained from this Court Special Leave to appeal and the appeal has accordingly come on for hearing and final disposal before us
On the evidence on record there is no doubt that the appellants were members of the procession and did utter those slogans against the Transport Minister and the Chief Minister of the Punjab Government
The question however remains whether in uttering these slogans they committed an offence under section 9 of the Act
Section 9 of the Act reads as follows 9
Whoever a makes any speech or b by words whether spoken or written or by signs or by visible or audible representations or otherwise publishes any statement rumour or report shall if such speech statement rumour or report undermines the security of the State friendly relations with foreign States public order decency or morality or amounts to contempt of Court defama 479 tion or incitement to an offence prejudicial to the security of the State or the maintenance of public order or tends to overthrow the State be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to three years or with fine or with both
It cannot be denied that the appellants by words spoken published statements in relation to the Transport Minister and the Chief Minister of the Punjab Government
A futile argument was advanced before us by the advocate of the appellants that this condition was not satisfied but we need not pause to consider the same
The sole question for our determination is whether such statements 1 undermined the security of the State friendly relations with foreign States public order decency or morality or 2 amounted to contempt of Court defamation or incitement to an offence prejudicial to the security of the State or maintenance of public order or 3 tended to overthrow the State
The appellants were no doubt affected by the policy of the Punjab Government to nationalise motor transport and the Transport Minister and the Chief Minister were really responsible for sponsoring that policy
Their tirade therefore was against both these individuals and in the demonstration which the appellants held against that policy they gave vent to violent expressions of opinion against them and in the slogans which they uttered used expres sions which were certainly objectionable
The slogan Jaggu mama hai hai could be translated as Jaggu whose sister is my father s wife is dead woe betide him and was in that sense a vulgar abuse burled against the Transport Minister
The slogan Khachar khota hai hai could be translated as mulecum donkey is dead woe betide him and it was directed against the Hon ble Shri Bhim Sen Sachar Chief Minister Punjab Government whose name Sachar was caricatured into khachar being mule and was also combined with khota a donkey
This was again a vulgar abuse burled against the Chief Minister Punjab Government
The appellants  conduct in this behalf could not at 480 all be justified
Whatever their grievances against the Transport Minister and the Chief Minister of the Punjab Government were they were entitled to ventilate them in a decent and dignified manner and they were certainly not justified in hurling such vulgar abuses against these individuals howsoever prejudicial to the interest of the appellants the policy of nationalised motor transport sponsored by them might have been
No decent citizen should have uttered such slogans and the State authorities were well within their rights in proceeding against the appellants
The difficulty however in the way of the State authorities is that they misconceived their remedy
Howsoever provocative and indecent or unbefitting a responsible citizen of the State the conduct of the appellants was the charge which was levelled against the appellants was one under section 9 of the Act and before the prosecution could succeed they bad not only to prove that what the appellants did was against decency and was defamatory of these indi viduals but also was such that it undermined public order decency or morality or was tantamount to an incitement to an offence prejudicial to the maintenance of public order
The learned counsel for the State very rightly conceded that the statements could not be said to undermine the security of the State or friendly relations with foreign States nor did they amount to contempt of Court or defamation prejudicial to the security of the State nor did they tend to overthrow the State
Howsoever reprehensible these slogans were they certainly would not have that effect
The only way in which he sought to bring these slogans uttered by the appellants within the mischief of section 9 of the Act was by urging before us that the statements undermined public order decency or morality and that they were tantamount to an incitement to an offence prejudicial to the maintenance of public order
In support of this contention be referred us to the evidence of Ram Rakha PW 2 Sub Inspector CID who had accompanied the procession There was a sufficient number of public men 481 there and they felt annoyed over these slogans
The police had sufficient arrangements and had there been no arrangement there might have been a dispute
There was also the evidence of Gurdit Singh P W 3 There were many other persons of the public with the procession
People took these slogans ill and Sunder Singh PW 4 There were many other persons of the public
The slogans had a bad effect on the public
It is significant to observe that in the initial report made by the Sub Inspector Ram Rakha as also the Diary Report prepared by him no mention had been made by him of the members of the public having felt annoyed over these slogans
The two other witnesses Gurdit Singh PW 3 and Sunder Singh PW 4 were shown in their cross examination to have been the associates of the police in the investiga tions which they used to carry on and were not at all worthy of credence
These statements therefore in regard to the members of the public having felt annoyed over these slogans uttered by the appellants were liable to be discredited
Even assuming that some members of the public who had congregated near the Prabhat Studio felt annoyed at these slogans and took them ill it is a far cry from that annoyance to undermining of the public order decency or morality or incitement to an offence prejudicial to the maintenance of public order
The only offence prejudicial to the maintenance of public order which could be thought of in this context was that of rioting and there is not the slightest evidence on record to justify an inference that the effect of the utterance of these slogans by the appellants against the Transport Minister and the Chief Minister would but for the police arrangements have led to the undermining of the public order or would have led to rioting which would be certainly prejudicial to the mainten ance of public order
Indecent and vulgar though these slogans were as directed against the Transport Minister and the Chief Minister of the Punjab Government the utterance thereof by the appellants who were the members of the procession protesting against 482 the scheme of nationalised motor transport was hardly calculated to undermine decency or morality the strata of society from which the appellants came being habituated to indulge freely in such vulgar abuses without any the slightest effect on the persons hearing the same
These slogans were certainly defamatory of the Transport Minister and the Chief Minister of the Punjab Government but the redress of that grievance was personal to these individuals and the State authorities could not take the cudgels on their behalf by having recourse to section 9 of the Act unless and until the defamation of these individuals was prejudicial to the security of the State or the mainten ance of public order
So far as these individuals were concerned they did not take any notice of these vulgar abuses and appeared to have considered the whole thing as beneath their notice
Their conduct in this behalf was consistent with the best traditions of democracy
Those who fill a public position must not be too thin skinned in reference to comments made upon them
It would often happen that observations would be made upon public men which they know from the bottom of their hearts were undeserved and unjust yet they must bear with them and submit to be misunderstood for a time Per Cockburn CJ in Seymour vs Butterworth1 and gee the dicta of the Judges in R vs Sir R Carden2
Whoever fills a public position renders himself open thereto
He must accept an attack as a necessary though unpleasant appendage to his office Per Bramwell B in Kelley vs Sherlock3
Public men in such positions may as well think it worth their while to ignore such vulgar criticisms and abuses hurled against them rather than give importance to the same by prosecuting the persons responsible for the same
While commending thus the conduct of the Transport Minister and the Chief Minister of the Punjab Government we cannot help observing that the step 1    376 377   168 169
2 3  689
483 which the State authorities took against the appellants in prosecuting them under section 9 of the Act was unjustified as the slogans uttered by the appellants did not under the circumstances set out Above fall within the mischief of that section
Deprecating as we do the conduct of the appellants in uttering these slogans we cannot help feeling that the prosecution has failed to establish that the appellants were guilty of the offence with which they had been charged with the result that the appeal of the appellants will be allowed their convictions and sentences passed upon them will be set aside and they will be set at liberty forthwith
We only hope that the observations made by us here will be an eyeopener to the appellants and they will behave them selves better in the future


Summary:
The appellants were members of a procession taken out to protest against the policy of the Punjab Government to nationalise motor transport and raised the slogans Jaggu mama hai hai Jaggu maternal uncle be dead and Khachar Khota hai hai mule cumdonkey be dead
The words were directed against the Transport Minister and the Chief Minister respectively and were defamatory
The appellants were prosecuted and convicted under section 9 of the Punjab Security of the State Act 1953
Held that the statements could not be said to undermine the security of the State or friendly relations with foreign States nor did they amount to contempt of Court or defamation prejudicial to the security of the State nor did they tend to overthrow the State and that the prosecution had failed to establish that the act of the appellants undermined public order decency or morality or was tant amount to an incitement to an offence prejudicial to the maintenance of public order and consequently the prosecution under section 9 was not justified
Public men may as well think it worth their while to ignore such vulgar criticisms and abuses hurled against them rather than give importance to the same by prosecuting the person responsible for the same
Seymour vs Butterworth 1862   376 377 B vs Sir B Carden 1879  Kelly vs Sherlock 1866 LR 1 QB 686 689 referred to