Civil Appeal No 577 of 1961
Appeal by special leave from the judgment and decree dated January 7 1959 of the Allahabad High Court in Second Appeal No 448 of 1952
Sarjoo Prasad Vithal Bhai Patel and SS Shukla for the appellants
C B Agarwala and J P Goyal for the respondent No I 1963
May 3 The judgement of the Court was delivered by RAGHBAR DAYAL J
The facts leading to this appeal by special leave are these
Nine 551 persons including Kedar Nath instituted a suit for ejectment and recovery of rent against two defendants on the allegation that defendant No I was the tenant inchief who had sub let the premises to defendant No 2
The suit for ejectment was decreed against both the defendants and for arrears of rent against defendant No 1
On appeal by defendant No 2 the District judge set aside the decree for ejectment against defendant No 2 and confirmed the rest of the decree against defendant No 1
It is against this decree that the nine original plaintiffs filed the second appeal in the High Court on February 29 1952
Kedar Nath appellant No 3 died on September 8 1955
In view of rr 3 and 11 of O XXII of the Code of Civil Procedure hereinafter called the Code the appeal abated so far as Kedar Nath was concerned as no application for bringing his legal representatives on the record was made within the prescribed time
On October 1 1956 two applications were filed in the High Court One was an application under section 5 of the Limitation Act for the condonation of the delay in filing the application for substitution of the heirs in placec of Kedar Nath
The other was the application for substitution in which it was prayed that Bithal Das and Banarsi Das the sons of Kedar Nath deceased be substituted in place of the deceased appellant as they were his heirs and representatives
These two applications were dismissed on May 1 1957 with the result that the appeal stood abated as against Kedar Nath
Bhagwati Prasad appellant No 9 also died on July 21956
His widow Remeshwari Devi was brought on the record in his place
When the appeals of the appellants other than Kedar Nath came up for hearing on September 1 1958 a preliminary objection was taken for the 552 respondent that the entire appeal had abated
Mr jagdish Swarup learned counsel appearing for the appellants contended that the deceased belonged to a joint Hindu family and other members of the family were already on the record and that it was not necessary to bring on record any other person
He further stated that the appeal could not be said to have abated in the particular circumstances
The Court allowed the appellants time for filing an affidavit stating that the deceased was a member of the joint Hindu family and other relevant facts
On September 8 1958 an affidavit was filed by Suraj Prasad Misra pairokar of the appellants
Para 9 of the Affidavit stated that Lala Ram Chandra Prasad appellant No 8 managed the family properties including the one in dispute which was joint and looked after the affairs of the properties and acted for and on behalf of the family and was already on the record
A counter affidavit was filed stating that the allegations in para 9 of the affidavit were misleading that there was no allegation in the affidavit that the family was a joint Hindu family and that the true facts were that the family of the plaintiffsappellants was not a joint family that the members were separated that Lala Ram Chandra Prasad was not karta of the joint Hindu family that the plaintiffs were assessed to income tax separately and that the property in dispute was not joint family property or even joint property
A rejoinder affidavit was then filed by Sri Narain general agent of the appellants stating that the aforesaid statements in the counteraffidavit were misleading and irrelevant and re affirming that Ram Chandra Prasad managed the house property of the family including the one in dispute and that he looked after the affairs of the house property and acted for and on behalf of the family just as other members of the family looked after other affairs including the business belonging to the family
553 At the hearing of the appeal of the surviving appellants the only point which was urged for consideration seems to have been that the surviving appellants were competent to continue the appeal in view of OXLI r 4 C P C
This contention was repelled in view of the full Bench decision of the Allahabad High Court reported in Baij Nath vs Ram Bharose 1 as the interests of the surviving appellants and the deceased appellant were joint and indivisible and as in the event of the success of the appeal there would be two inconsistent and contradictory decrees
It accordingly dismissed the appeal
It is against this decree that this appeal has been filed after obtaining special leave
Mr Sarjoo Prasad learned counsel for the appellants has raised two points
One is that the provision of r 2 of O XXII and not of r 3 of that Order apply to the facts of this case as the nine appellants constitute a joint Hindu family and the surviving plaintiffs could continue the appeal
The second point is that if the provisions of r 3 of OXXII applied and the appeal of Kedar Nath had abated the provisions of r 4 of OXLI have not been correctly construed in Baij Nath vs Ram Bharose 1 and Ramphal Sahu vs Babu Satdeo Jha 2
We see no force in the first contention
We have already referred to the contents of the various affidavits filed by the parties subsequent to the point being raised that Kedar Nath the deceased appellant and the surviving appellants constituted a joint Hindu family
They clearly indicate that the affidavits filed on behalf of the appellants made no averment that Kedar Nath and the surviving appellants formed a joint Hindu family even though time had been given to them for filing an affidavit stating such a fact
The inference is obvious and 1 ILR 1953 All Pat 870 554 is that these people did not form a joint Hindu family as alleged by the respondents
It is further of significance that the application made on October 1 1956 for substituting the sons of Kedar Nath in his place stated that they were his heirs and legal representatives
The application was on the basis that Kedar Nath was not a member of the joint Hindu family
We are therefore of opinion that it is not proved that Kedar Nath deceased and the other appellants constituted a joint Hindu family that the right to appeal survived to the surviving appellants alone and that they could have continued their appeal in view of r 2 of of XXII of the Code
The second contention really is that the surviving appellants could have instituted the appeal against the entire decree in view of the provisions of O XLI r 4 of the Code that they were therefore competent to continue the appeal even after the death of Kedar Nath and the abatement of the appeal so far as he was concerned that the Court could have reversed or varied the whole decree in favour of all the original plaintiffs and could have granted relief with respect to the rights and interests of Kedar Nath as well
We do not agree with this contention Rule 4 of OXLI reads Where there are more plaintiffs or more defendants than one in a suit and the decree appealed from proceeds on any ground common to all the plaintiffs or to all the defendants any one of the plaintiffs or of the defendants may appeal from the whole decree and there upon the appellate Court may reverse or vary the decree in the favour of all the plaintiffsor defendants as the case may be These provisions enable one of the plaintiffs or one of the defendants to file an appeal against the entire 555 decree
The second appeal filed in the High Court was not filed by any one or by even some of the plaintiffs as an appeal against the whole decree but was filed by all the plaintiffs jointly and therefore was not an appeal to which the provisions of r 4 OXLI could apply
The appeal could not have been taken to be an appeal filed by some of the plaintiffs against the whole decree in pursuance of the provisions of r 4 of OXLI from the date when the appeal abated so far as Kedar Nath was concerned
If the appeal could be treated to have been so filed then it would have been filed beyond the period prescribed for the appeal
At that time the decree stood against the surviving plaintiffs and the legal representatives of Kedar Nath
The legal representatives could not have taken advantage of r 4 of O XLI
It follows that r 4 of O XLI would not be available to the surviving plaintiffs at that time
Further the principle behind the provisions of r 4 seems to be that any one of the plaintiffs or defendants in filing such an
appeal represents all the other non appealing plaintiffs or defendants as he wants the reversal or modification of the decree in favour of them as well in view of the fact that the original decree proceeded on a ground common to all of them
Kedar Nath was alive when the appeal was filed and was actually one of the appellants
The surviving appellants cannot be said to have filed the appeal as representing Kedar Nath
Kedar Nath s appeal has abated and the decree in favour of the respondents has become final against his legal representatives
His legal representatives cannot eject the defendants from the premises in suit
It will be against the scheme of the Code to hold that r 4 of O XLI empowered the Court to pass a decree in favour of the legal representatives of the 556 deceased Kedar Nath on hearing an appeal by the surviving appellants even though the decree against him has become final
This Court said in State  of Punjab vs Nathu Ram1
The abatement of an appeal means not only that the decree between the appellant and the deceased respondent had become final but also as a necessary corollary that the appellate Court cannot in any way modify that decree directly or indirectly
The reason is plain
It is that in the absence of the legal representatives of the deceased respondent the appellate Court cannot determine anything between the appellant and the legal representatives which may affect the rights of the legal representatives under the decree
It is immaterial that the modification which the Court will do is one to which exception can or cannot be taken No question of the Provisions of r 4 of OXLI overriding the provisions of r 9 of O XXII arises
The two deal with different stages of the appeal and provide for different contingencies
Rule 4 of 0 XLI applies to the stage when an appeal is filed and empowers one of the plaintiffs or defendants to file an appeal against the entire decree in certain circumstances
He can take advantage of this provision but he may not
Once an appeal has been filed by all the plaintiffs the provisions of 0 XLI r 4 became unavailable
Order XXII operates during the pendency of an appeal and not at its institution
If some party dies during the  pendency of the appeal his legal representatives have to be brought on the record within the period of limitation
If that is not done the appeal by the deceased appellant abates and does not proceed any further
There is thus no inconsistency between the previsions of r 9 of O XXII and those of r 4 of O XLI CPC They operate at different stages and provide for 1 1962 2 SC R 636 557 different contingencies
There is nothing common in their provisions which make the provisions of one interfere in any way with those of the other
We do not consider it necessary to discuss the cases referred to at the hearing
Suffice it to say that the majority of the High Courts have taken the correct view viz that the appellate Court has no power to proceed with the appeal and to reverse and vary the decree in favour of all the plaintiffs or defendants under O XLI r 4 when the decree proceeds on a ground common to all the plaintiffs or defendants if all the plaintiffs or the defendants appeal from the decree and any of them dies and the appeal abates so far as he is concerned under OXXII r 3
See  Ramphal Sahu vs Babu Satdeo Jha 1 Amin Chand vs Baldeo Sahai Ganga Sahai2 Baij Nath vs Ram Bharose 3 Nanak vs Ahmad Ali 4 Pyarelal vs Sikhar Chand 5 Raghu Sutar vs Nrusingha Nath 6 Venkata Ram Rao vs Narayana 7 Sonahar Ali vs Mukbul Ali 8
The Bombay Calcutta and Madras High Courts have taken a differentview  see Shripad Balwant vs Nagu KushebaSatulal Bhattachariya vs Asiruddin ShaikhSomasundaram Chettiar vs Vaithilinga Mudaliar OrderXLI r 33 is of no greater help to the contention of the appellants that their appeal could continue even though the appeal by Kedar Nath had abated as the Court could have passed a decree in favour of the rights and interests of Kedar Nath deceased as well
This rule reads  The Appellate Court shall have power to pass any decree and make any order which ought to have been passed or made and to pass or make such further or other decree or order as the case may require an this power may be exer cised by the Court notwithstanding that the 1 ILR 1953 2 All
Lah667 3 ILR 1953 2 All
6 AIR 1959 Orissa 148
7 AIR 1963 AP 168 8 A IR 9 IRR 10 ILR 11 ILR 558 appeal is as to part only of the decree and may be exercised in favour of all or any of the respondents or parties although such respondents or parties may not have filed any appeal or objection  Provided that the Appellate Court shall not make any order under section 35A in pursuance of any objection on which the Court from whose decree the appeal is preferred has omitted or refused to make such order
 This rule is under the sub heading judgment in appeal 
Rule 31 provides that the judgment of the Appellate Court shall be in writing and shall state inter alia the relief to which the appellant is entitled in case the decree appealed from is reversed or varied
Rule 32 provides as to what the judgment may direct and states that the judgment may be for confirming varying or reversing the decree from which the appeal is preferred or if the parties to the appeal agree as to the form which the decree in appeal shall take or as to the order to be made in appeal the Appellate Court may pass a decree or make an order accordingly
The reversal or variation in the decree would therefore be in accordance with what the appellant had been found to be entitled
The decree therefore is not to be reversed or varied with respect to such rights to which the appellant is not found entitled
Rule 33 really provides as to what the Appellate Court can find the appellant entitled to
It empowers the Appellate Court to pass any decree and make any order which ought to have been passed or made in the proceedings before it and thus could have reference only to the nature of the decree or Order in so far as it affects the rights of the appellant
It further empowers the Appellate Court to pass or make such further or other decree or Order as the case may require
The Court is thus given wide discretion to pass such decrees and Orders as 559 the interests of justice demand
Such a power is to be exercised in exceptional cases when its non exercise will lead to difficulties in the adjustment of rights of the various parties
A case like the present is not a case of such a kind
When the legal representatives of the deceased appellant and the surviving appellants were negligent in not taking steps for substitution the Court is not to exercise its discretion in favour of such a party
The discretionary power cannot be exercised to nullify the effect of the abatement of the appeal so far as Kedar Nath is concerned
In fact such an exercise of power will lead to the existence of two contradictory decrees between the heirs of Kedar Nath and the respondents one passed by the appellate Court and another to the contrary effect by the Court below which has attained finality consequent on the abatement of the appeal in so far as they are concerned
This is always avoided
Rule 33 deals with a matter different from the matter dealt with by r 9 of O XXII and no question of its provisions overriding those of r 9 of O XXII or vice versa arises
In Mahomed Khaleel Shirazi  Sons vs Los Panneries Lyonnaises 1 it was held that O XLI r 33 was not intended to apply to an appeal which was not a competent appeal against a party under the Code or under the Letters Patent of the High Court
This principle applies with equal force in the present case
The appeal by the surviving appellants is not competent in the circumstances of the case and therefore the provisions of 0
XLI r 33 are not applicable to it
We are therefore of opinion that the High Court could not have heard the appeal of the surviving appellants when the appeal by kedar Nath had 1 53 IA 84 560 abated as all the appellants had a common right and interest in getting a decree of ejectment against defendant No 2 and such decree could have been on a ground common to all of them
The defendant cannot be ejected from the premises when he has a right to remain in occupation of the premises on the basis of the decree holding that Kedar Nath one of the persons having a joint interest in letting out the property could not have ejected him
It is not possible for the defendant to continue as tenant of one of the landlords and not as a tenant of the others when all of them had a joint right to eject him or to have him as their tenant
We therefore dismiss the appeal with costs
Appeal dismissed


Summary:
Nine persons including K instituted a suit for ejectment and recovery of rent against two defendants and obtained a decree but on appeal the District judge set aside the decree against defendant No 2
The plaintiffs then filed a second appeal in the High Court on February 29 1952 and while the appeal was pending K died on September 8 1955
No application for bringing his legal representatives on the record was however made within the prescribed time and the appeal abated so far as K was concerned
When the appeal of the appellants other than K came up for hearing on September 1 1958 a preliminary objection was taken for the respondents that the entire appeal had abated on the ground that the interest of the surviving appellants and the deceased appellant were joint and indivisible and that in the event of the success of the appeal there would be two inconsistent and contradictory decrees
The appellants claimed that the appeal was maint
ainable on the grounds that the surviving appellants could have filed the appeal against the entire decree in view of the provisions of O 41 r 4 of the Code of Civil Procedure that they were therefore competent to continue the appeal even after the death of K and the abatement of the appeal so far as he was concerned and that the Court could have reversed or varied the whole decree in favour of all the original plaintiffs and could have granted relief with respect to the rights and interests of K as well
Held 1 that the provisions of r 4 of 0
41 of the Code of Civil Procedure were not applicable since the second appeal in the High Court was not filed by anyone or by even some of the plaintiffs as an appeal against the whole decree but was filed by all the plaintiffs jointly and the surviving appel 550 lants could not be said to have filed the appeal as representing K 2 that an appellate court had no power to proceed with the appeal and to reverse and vary the decree in favour of all the plaintiffs or defendants under O 41 r 4 of the Code of Civil Procedure when the decree proceeded on a ground comm
on to all the plaintiffs or defendants if all the plaintiffs or the defendants appealed from the decree and any of them died and the appeal abated so far as he was concerned under O 22 r 3
Ramphal Sahu vs Babu Satdeo Jha ILR 19 Pat 870 Amin Chand vs Baldeo Sahai Ganga Sahai ILR  Baij Nath vs Ram Bharose ILR 1953 2 All 434 Nanak vs Ahmad Ali AIR 1946 Lah 399 Pyarelal vs Sikhar Chand ILR 1957 MP 21 Raghu Sutar vs Narusingha Nath AIR 1959 Orissa 148  Venkata Ran Rao vs Narayana A IR and Sonahar Ali vs Mukbul Ali AIR 1956 Assam 164 approved
Shripad Balwant vs Nagu Kusheba ILR  Satula Bhattachariya vs Asiruddin Shaikh ILR and Somasundaram Chettiar vs Vaithilinga Mudaliar ILR  disapproved
3 that the provisions of O 41 r 33 were not applicable since the appeal by the surviving appellants was not competent in the circumstances of the case
Mohomed KhaleeJ Shirazi  Sons vs Lee Tanneries 53 IA 84 relied on