Appeal No 11 of 1954
68 Appeal from the judgment and Decree dated the 20th day of June 1950 of the High Court of Judicature for the State of Punjab at Simla in Regular First Appeal No 73 of 1941 arising out of the Decree dated the 19th day of December 1940 of the Sikh Gurudaras Tribunal Lahore in Suit No 11 of 1938
Gurbachan Singh and R section Narula for the appellant
Achhru Ram Naunit Lal with him for the respondents Nos
I and 2
K L Mehta for the respondents Nos
3 to 5 1955
March 24
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by JAGANNADHADAS J
This is an appeal on leave granted by the High Court of Punjab against its judgment affirming the decree of the Sikh Gurdwara Tribunal dated the 19th December 1940 dismissing the plaintiff s suit
The plaintiff in the appeal is the Committee of Management of Sikh Gurdwaras within the Municipal limits of Amritsar except the Gurdwara Sri Akal Takhat Sahib Amritsar
The plaint was filed under section 25 A of the Sikh Gurdwaras Act 1925 Punjab Act VIII of 1925 hereinafter referred to as the Act for possession of certain properties situated in Amritsar marked and bounded as specified in the plaint and purporting to have been declared as a Sikh Gurdwara by the Government of Punjab under section 17 of the Act by means of the notification No 9 G dated the 3rd March 1937
The case of the plaintiff Committee is that these properties were and were determined to be a Sikh Gurdwara by name Gurdwara Bunga Sarkar by the Sikh Gurdwara Tribunal by its decree dated the 4th November 1935 and confirmed on appeal therefrom by the High Court of Judicature at Lahore on the 16th June 1936 and that accordingly the Committee was entitled to possession of the properties
The facts that have led up to the present appeal are as follows After the Act was passed and within one year of its commencement the then existing non statutory Shiromani Gur 69 dwara Parbandhak Committee filed a list under section 3 of the Act claiming the suit properties and certain other items attached thereto as belonging to the Gurdwara Harmandir Sahib
These properties comprised two items called Bunga Sarkar and Bunga Mai Mallan and the shops appurtenant to each of them
Objections were filed to this list by way of two applications under section 8 of the Act claiming these as private properties
One was by Sardar Balwant Singh dated the 8th March 1928 and the other was by Sardar Raghbir Singh dated the 10th March 1928
Sardar Raghbir Singh claimed the whole of Bunga Sarkar and its appurtenant shops as well as 13rd of the Bunga Mai Mallan and of the appurtenant shops
Sardar Balwant Singh s claim was confined to 13rd share in Bunga Mai Mallan and in the appurtenant shops
The other 13rd share in Bunga Mai Mallan was apparently treated by these claimants as belong ing to some other person who was not a party to these proceedings
These two applications were forwarded under section 14 of the Act to the Gurdwara Tribunal for its decision
The parties to these proceedings entered into a compromise on the 6th february 1930
There were two compromises one relating to each of the applications
The net effect of the compromises was that some out of the items claimed were admitted to be the private property of the respective claimants and the rest as wakf bungas for the Yatries to Sri Darbar Sahib that the non personal properties were to remain in the management of the claimants their heirs and representatives as such wakf with certain stipulations as to how that management was to be carried on
The Tribunal disposed of the two applications before them in terms of these compromises
It may be mentioned that though the original list under section 3 of the Act was filed by the then non statutory Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee the compromises were entered into by the Managing Committee of the Gurdwaras within the limits of the Municipal Committee Amritsar which presumably had already by then been formed Linder section 85 of the Act
Now quite independently of these 70 proceedings befere the Tribunal and prior to the filing of the list under section 3 and of the objections under section 5 above referred to there had been filed a petition under section 7 of the Act signed by 55 Sikhs claiming these very properties as being in themselves a Sikh Gurdwara by name Bunga Sarkar Maharaja Ranjit Singh Saheb and enclosing a list of properties as belonging thereto under section 72 of the Act
It does not appear that this petition was brought to the notice of the Gurdwara Tribunal when it passed the decree in terms of the compromise with reference to the objections under section 5 of the Act
The petition under section 7 was in the usual course followed by a notification issued by the Government on the 18th February 1930 under section 73 of the Act
This resulted in 1 an objection under section 8 by the Granthis objecting that this was not a Sikh Gurdwara and 2 two other objections by Sardar Raghbir Singh and Sardar Balwant Singh already previously above referred to under section 10 of the Act claiming the properties as their own and objecting to the claim made that they were Sikh Gurdwaras
These objections were filed on the 5th April 1930
It may be noticed that the notification under section 73 of the Act was within a few days after the compromise decrees in the proceedings under section 5 of the Act and it does not appear whether the compromises were brought to the notice of the Government or not
These objections under sections 8 and 10 and presumably also the petition under section 7 were forwarded to the Tribunal for its decision under section 14 of the Act
The petition under section 8 filed by the Granthis was contested by the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee Statutory and after recording some evidence the Tribunal came to the conclusion that Bunga Sarkar was a Sikh Gurdwara and declared it as such on the 28th August 1935
On the objections under section 10 notices were given to the Committee of Manaaement as well as to the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee but they declined to become parties to it
The contest under section 10 of the Act 71 was only as between the claimants and some of the Sikhs who filed the petition under section 7
At the hearing before the Tribunal both sides relied upon the previous compromises in support of their respective claims
The Tribunal by its decision dated the 4th November 1935 decided that the properties which had been declared as the properties of Sardar Raghbir Singh and Sardar Balwant Singh respectively should be declared to be their personal properties and that the rest of the properties claimed to belong to Bunga Sarkar and Bunga Mai Mallan should be declared to be Sikh Gurdwaras and as properties appurtenant thereto
It was also declared that these two Gurdwaras and the properties held to be appurtenant to them should vest in the management of Sardar Raghbir Singh and Sardar Balwant Singh by virtue of and as per terms of the compromises
As against these decrees two appeals were presented by the Sikh worshippers to the High Court and the only question that ultimately appears to have been raised was that the direction given by the Tribunal to the effect that the properties should remain in the management of the claimants Sardar Raghbir Singh and Sardar Balwant Singh was illegal
The High Court without giving any decision on the legal question so raised was of the opinion that it was no function of the Sikh Gurdwara Tribunal to pass an order on an application made under section 10 by the claimants that the claimants should manage the properties appurtenant to the Gurdwaras by virtue of the compromises
They thought that the question of right of management should be left open in these proceedings and that the directions in the decree of the Tribunal relating to the management should be deleted therefrom and that the rest of the decrees of the Sikh Gurdwara Tribunal is to stand
They expressed their conclusion in the following terms That portion of the decree of the Sikh Gurdwara s Tribunal which has declared the respondents  right to manage the Gurdwaras and the properties appended thereto shall form no part of the decree granted by the Tribunal the rest of the decree of the Sikh Gur 72 dwaras Tribunal stands that is to say the properties which have been declared to be the personal properties of Sardar Raghbir Singh and Sardar Balwant Singh shall remain their properties and the properties which have been declared to be appended to the two Gurdwaras shall remain the properties of the two Gurdwaras
The High Court also added that though the proceedings mentioned the existence of two Gurdwaras by name Bunga Sarkar and Bunga Mai Mallan the real position seemed to be that there was only one Gurdwara viz Bunga Sarkar and that Bunga Mai Mallan had no separate existence as a Gurdwara but was a well known part of Bunga Sarkar
This decision of the High Court was on the 16th June 1936
This was followed by notification No 9 G dated the 3rd March 1937 under section 17 of the Act which is the foundation of the present suit
On these facts a number of contentions were raised by both sides before the High Court as well as before us
The judgment of the High Court as well as the arguments before us have covered a wide range
On the merits the case for the plaintiff is quite simple
The plaintiff says that whatever may be the position with reference to the earlier compromises arrived at between the parties in the proceedings under section 5 of the Act the later proceedings with reference to those very properties under section 10 of the Act resulted in the judgment of the High Court dated the 16th June 1936 which is conclusive and binding
By virtue of the said judgment and the notification dated the 3rd March 1937 following thereupon the plaintiff is entitled to possession of the properties by virtue of section 25 A of the Act
On the side of the defendants various objections have been raised which may be summarised as follows 1 The proceedings under section 10 did not result in any specific declaration in favour of the Committee that the properties in dispute in the present suit constituted a Sikh Gurdwara or belong to a Sikh Gurdwara
No such declaration can be gathered from the decision of the Tribunal dated the 4th November 1935 or from that of 73 the High Court on appeal dated the 16th June 1936
2 The Tribunal had no jurisdiction in disposing of an application under section 10 of the Act to give a positive declaration that the property in question is a Sikh Gurdwara
Its only function was to decide whether or not the properties claimed were the private properties of the claimants
Hence even if the decision of the Tribunal and of the High Court can be treated as a decision declaring the properties as a Sikh Gurdwara that is not valid and the notification issued thereupon is void
3 Any such decision would be contrary to section 37 of the Act and also contrary to the principles of res judicata and would be therefore a nullity on that ground
4 The conduct of the Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee and the concerned Committee of Management in entering into the compromises in the proceedings under section 5 of the Act without disclosing the pendency of the petition filed by the 55 Sikhs under section 7 of the Act followed up by their declining to be made parties in the section 10 proceedings and in virtually promoting the contest of the proceedings under sections 8 and 10 was fraudulent
They are accordingly estopped from relying on the decree obtained under section 10 proceedings and basing their right to relief thereon
5 The suit under section 25 A lies only where the decision on an objection under section 101 is reached after the notification that the Gurdwara is a Sikh Gurdwara is published since the section refers to
a decision in favour of a Notified Sikh Gurdwara implying the pre existence of such notification
6 The suit under section 25 A was barred by limitation
7 The whole appeal abated in the High Court inasmuch as one of the respondents Sardar Balwant Singh died during the pendency of the appeal
His legal representatives were not brought on record in time and the High Court declined to excuse the delay and to set aside the abatement as a result of which the entire appeal abated the claim against both the respondents being joint and not being maintainable against one only in the absence of 10 74 the other
In addition to these contentions which have been put forward before us and strenuously argued by both sides the High Court also based its decision on the view that section 7 of the Act assumes the existence of a Gurdwara and that a notification issued under section 7 3 without there being in fact a Gurdwara in existence would be ultra vires
In the present case in view of the prior proceedings under section 5 and the compromises following thereupon the non existence of the Gurdwara as claimed in the petition under section 71 must be taken to have been made out and therefore the notification and all the proceedings following thereupon are illegal and ultra vires
Though we have heard elaborate arguments from both sides on these various contentions it appeared to us ultimately that the plea of limitation is decisive against the appellants and that it is unnecessary to express any opinion on any of the other contentions raised
The question of limitation arises with reference to the terms of section 25 A which is as follows 25 A 1 When it has been decided under the provisions of this Act that a right title or interest in immovable property belongs to a Notified Sikh Gurdwara  or any person the Committee of the Gurdwara concerned or the person in whose favour a declaration has been made may within a period of one year from the date of the decision or the date of the constitution of the Committee whichever is later institute a suit before a tribunal claiming to be awarded possession of the right title or interest in the immovable property in question as against the parties to the previous petition and the tribunal shall if satisfied that the claim relates to the right title or interest in the immovable property which has been held to belong to the Gurdwara or to the person in whose favour the declaration has been made pass a decree for possession accordingly
2Notwithstanding anything contained in any Act to the contrary the court fee payable on the plaint in such suit shall be five rupees
75 This section provides for the filing of the suit the period of one year from the date of the decision or the date of the constitution of the committee whichever is later
Now the date of the decision in this case must be taken to be the date when the High Court on appeal disposed of the proceedings under section 10 ie the 16th June 1936
The present suit has been filed on the 25th February 1938 ie clearly beyond one year of the decision
The question for consideration therefore is whether the suit can be said to have been within one year from the date of the constitution of the Committee of the Gurdwara concerned
Now one has to turn to sections 85 86 and 88 of the Act to appreciate which is the Committee concerned with this Gurdwara and what the date of its constitution is
Section 85 is as follows in so far as it is relevant Subject to the provisions of section 88 there shall be one committee for the Gurdwaras known as the Darbar Sahib Amritsar and the Baba Atal Sahib and all other Notified Sikh Gurdwaras situated within the municipal boundaries of Amritsar other than the Sri Akal Takht Sahib
Section 86 is as follows in so far as it is relevant For every Notified Sikh Gurdwara other than a Gurdwara specified in section 85 a committee shall be constituted after it has been declared to be a Sikh Gurdwara under the provisions of this Act
Section 88 is as follows in so far as it is relevant 1The committees described in sections 85 and 86 shall be constituted as soon as may be after the constitution of the Board provided that no committee shall be constituted for any gurdwara under the provisions of this Act unless and until it has been declared to be a Sikh Gurdwara under the provisions of this Act
2When all the members of any committee described in section 85 have been elected or co opted as the case may be according to the provisions of that section the Provincial Government shall notify the fact that the committee has been duly constituted 76 and the date of the publication of the notification shall be deemed to be the date of the constitution of the committee
Now it is not disputed that the present plaintiff which is the Committee of Management for all the Gurdwaras situated within the Municipal limits of Amritsar except the Gurdwara Sri Akal Takht Sahib was constituted prior to the year 1930 and was in fact functioning at the date of the compromises in the section 5 proceedings dated the 6th February 1930
It is also not disputed that by virtue of section 852 this committee also became the Committee concerned with the suit Gurdwara which is admittedly located within the Municipal limits of Amritsar
But it is contended for the appellants that this Committee becomes concerned with the suit Gurdwara only from the date when the notification under section 17 is issued ie from the 3rd March 1937 and that therefore the plaintiff had one year from that date for the filing of the suit and that in the situation section 25 A in providing the alternative period of limitation as being one year from the date of the constitution of the committee must be construed reasonably as being one year from the date of the notification in such a case and that for the purposes of this section the pre existing committee must be deemed to have been constituted for the suit Gurdwara only on the date of the notification
In support of this contention it has been pointed out that the specific policy of the Act as disclosed in sections 86 and 88 is that no Committee is to be formed for a Gurdwara until after  it has been declared a Sikh Gurdwara under the provisions of the Act
It is accordingly urged that the phrase constitution of the committee in section 25 A should be construed so as to indicate a point of time not earlier than the notification of the concerned Gurdwara and that in the circumstances and in such cases the date of the notification of the Gurdwara must be the date of the constitution of the concerned committee
It appears to us however that this contention is untenable
Section 86 in terms relates to a Notified Sikh Gurdwara other than Gurdwaras 77 specified in section 85
Hence so far as our present purpose is concerned the policy underlying section 86 does not necessarily apply to the Gurdwaras within the Municipal limits of Amritsar for which a Committee already exists
Moreover sub section 2 of section 88 provides with reference to Committees under section 85 that as soon as all the members described therein have been elected or co opted the fact should be duly notified and also declares in clear and categorical terms that the date of the publication of the notification shall be deemed to be the date of the constitution of the Committee
In the face of this deeming provision relating to these committees it is not permissible to impute to such a Committee any other date as the date of its constitution for any of the purposes of the Act and to imply an exception and an addendum to the specific deeming provision
This would be legislating
We cannot therefore accept the contention of the appellant that the date of the notification under section 17 in the present case should be deemed to be the date of the constitution of the Committee concerned for the purposes of section 25 A It has been urged that this view deprives the Committee of the benefit of the longer alternative period of limitation and that in a case where no notification under section 17 has been issued until after the expiry of an year from the date of the final decision that the Gurdwara claimed is a Sikh Gurdwara the remedy under section 25 A would become inapplicable
It may be that an exceptional case of undue delay in the publication of the notification may be a casus omissus but such a delay need not be assumed to be a matter of course
That at any rate is not the present case where the notification was in fact issued within nine months of the decision of the High Court
The Committee which should have been alert with reference to these matters had not only the whole of these nine months to take steps to get the notification published earlier but it had three months thereafter to come forward with the present suit
However this may be we do not consider that there is any question of hardship 78 because obviously section 25 A is only an enabling section providing a cheap remedy by way of a suit before the Tribunal itself
We are clearly of the opinion that the present suit under section 25 A is barred by limitation and on this ground the appeal must fail
The appeal is accordingly dismissed with costs
Appeal dismissed


Summary:
The plaintiff which is the Committee of Management for all Gurudwaras situated within the Municipal limits of Amritsar except the Gurudwara Sri Akal Takht Sabib was constituted prior to the year 1930 and by virtue of section 852 of the Sikh Gurudwaras Act Punjab Act VIII of 1925 became the Committee concerned with the suit Gurudwara
There were certain proceedings under the Act in respect of the suit properties which were ultimately decided by the High Court on the 16th June 1936 and the decision was followed by a notification under section 17 of the Act on the 3rd March 1937
As a result the plaintiff became entitled to get possession of the said properties by instituting a suit before a tribunal under section 25 A of the Act within one year from the date of the decision or the date of the constitution of the Committee whichever was later
The present suit was filed on the 25th February 1938 which was beyond one year of the decision and the question was whether the suit can be said to have been instituted within one year of the date of the constitution of the Committee of the Gurudwara concerned the contention being that the plaintiff must be deemed to have become the committee concerned with the suit Gurudwara only on the date of the notification thereof in 1937 under section 17 of the Act by virtue of the provisions of sections 86 and 88
Held that the date of the notification in 1937 under section 17 cannot be deemed to be the date of the constitution of the Committee concerned for the purposes of section 25 A and that the present suit is barred by limitation
Section 86 does not apply to Gurudwaras within the Municipal limits of Amritsar specified in section 85 in respect of which a Committee already exists and by virtue of sub section 2 of section 88 the date of the publication of the notification of the Committee which already has been in existence since 1930 will be the date of the constitution of the Committee within the meaning of section 25 A