nl: append field to problem_fields list for every model in apps.get_models with argument kwargs dictionary, only if app_configs is None,
code: problem_fields = [ field for model in apps . get_models ( ** kwargs ) if app_configs is None or model . _meta . app_config in app_configs for field in model . _meta . local_fields if isinstance ( field , models . BooleanField ) and not field . has_default ( ) ]