// Vulnerability label: clean
pragma solidity ^0.4.24;

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/ownership/Ownable.sol

/**
 * @title Ownable
 * @dev The Ownable contract has an owner address, and provides basic authorization control
 * functions, this simplifies the implementation of "user permissions".
 */
contract Ownable {
  address public owner;


  event OwnershipRenounced(address indexed previousOwner);
  event OwnershipTransferred(
    address indexed previousOwner,
    address indexed newOwner
  );


  /**
   * @dev The Ownable constructor sets the original `owner` of the contract to the sender
   * account.
   */
  constructor() public {
    owner = msg.sender;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
   */
  modifier onlyOwner() {
    require(msg.sender == owner);
    _;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Allows the current owner to relinquish control of the contract.
   */
  function renounceOwnership() public onlyOwner {
    emit OwnershipRenounced(owner);
    owner = address(0);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Allows the current owner to transfer control of the contract to a newOwner.
   * @param _newOwner The address to transfer ownership to.
   */
  function transferOwnership(address _newOwner) public onlyOwner {
    _transferOwnership(_newOwner);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Transfers control of the contract to a newOwner.
   * @param _newOwner The address to transfer ownership to.
   */
  function _transferOwnership(address _newOwner) internal {
    require(_newOwner != address(0));
    emit OwnershipTransferred(owner, _newOwner);
    owner = _newOwner;
  }
}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/ownership/HasNoEther.sol

/**
 * @title Contracts that should not own Ether
 * @author Remco Bloemen <remco@2π.com>
 * @dev This tries to block incoming ether to prevent accidental loss of Ether. Should Ether end up
 * in the contract, it will allow the owner to reclaim this ether.
 * @notice Ether can still be sent to this contract by:
 * calling functions labeled `payable`
 * `selfdestruct(contract_address)`
 * mining directly to the contract address
 */
contract HasNoEther is Ownable {

  /**
  * @dev Constructor that rejects incoming Ether
  * @dev The `payable` flag is added so we can access `msg.value` without compiler warning. If we
  * leave out payable, then Solidity will allow inheriting contracts to implement a payable
  * constructor. By doing it this way we prevent a payable constructor from working. Alternatively
  * we could use assembly to access msg.value.
  */
  constructor() public payable {
    require(msg.value == 0);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Disallows direct send by settings a default function without the `payable` flag.
   */
  function() external {
  }

  /**
   * @dev Transfer all Ether held by the contract to the owner.
   */
  function reclaimEther() external onlyOwner {
    owner.transfer(address(this).balance);
  }
}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/ownership/rbac/Roles.sol

/**
 * @title Roles
 * @author Francisco Giordano (@frangio)
 * @dev Library for managing addresses assigned to a Role.
 *      See RBAC.sol for example usage.
 */
library Roles {
  struct Role {
    mapping (address => bool) bearer;
  }

  /**
   * @dev give an address access to this role
   */
  function add(Role storage role, address addr)
    internal
  {
    role.bearer[addr] = true;
  }

  /**
   * @dev remove an address' access to this role
   */
  function remove(Role storage role, address addr)
    internal
  {
    role.bearer[addr] = false;
  }

  /**
   * @dev check if an address has this role
   * // reverts
   */
  function check(Role storage role, address addr)
    view
    internal
  {
    require(has(role, addr));
  }

  /**
   * @dev check if an address has this role
   * @return bool
   */
  function has(Role storage role, address addr)
    view
    internal
    returns (bool)
  {
    return role.bearer[addr];
  }
}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/ownership/rbac/RBAC.sol

/**
 * @title RBAC (Role-Based Access Control)
 * @author Matt Condon (@Shrugs)
 * @dev Stores and provides setters and getters for roles and addresses.
 * @dev Supports unlimited numbers of roles and addresses.
 * @dev See //contracts/mocks/RBACMock.sol for an example of usage.
 * This RBAC method uses strings to key roles. It may be beneficial
 *  for you to write your own implementation of this interface using Enums or similar.
 * It's also recommended that you define constants in the contract, like ROLE_ADMIN below,
 *  to avoid typos.
 */
contract RBAC {
  using Roles for Roles.Role;

  mapping (string => Roles.Role) private roles;

  event RoleAdded(address addr, string roleName);
  event RoleRemoved(address addr, string roleName);

  /**
   * @dev reverts if addr does not have role
   * @param addr address
   * @param roleName the name of the role
   * // reverts
   */
  function checkRole(address addr, string roleName)
    view
    public
  {
    roles[roleName].check(addr);
  }

  /**
   * @dev determine if addr has role
   * @param addr address
   * @param roleName the name of the role
   * @return bool
   */
  function hasRole(address addr, string roleName)
    view
    public
    returns (bool)
  {
    return roles[roleName].has(addr);
  }

  /**
   * @dev add a role to an address
   * @param addr address
   * @param roleName the name of the role
   */
  function addRole(address addr, string roleName)
    internal
  {
    roles[roleName].add(addr);
    emit RoleAdded(addr, roleName);
  }

  /**
   * @dev remove a role from an address
   * @param addr address
   * @param roleName the name of the role
   */
  function removeRole(address addr, string roleName)
    internal
  {
    roles[roleName].remove(addr);
    emit RoleRemoved(addr, roleName);
  }

  /**
   * @dev modifier to scope access to a single role (uses msg.sender as addr)
   * @param roleName the name of the role
   * // reverts
   */
  modifier onlyRole(string roleName)
  {
    checkRole(msg.sender, roleName);
    _;
  }

  /**
   * @dev modifier to scope access to a set of roles (uses msg.sender as addr)
   * @param roleNames the names of the roles to scope access to
   * // reverts
   *
   * @TODO - when solidity supports dynamic arrays as arguments to modifiers, provide this
   *  see: https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/issues/2467
   */
  // modifier onlyRoles(string[] roleNames) {
  //     bool hasAnyRole = false;
  //     for (uint8 i = 0; i < roleNames.length; i++) {
  //         if (hasRole(msg.sender, roleNames[i])) {
  //             hasAnyRole = true;
  //             break;
  //         }
  //     }

  //     require(hasAnyRole);

  //     _;
  // }
}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/ownership/Whitelist.sol

/**
 * @title Whitelist
 * @dev The Whitelist contract has a whitelist of addresses, and provides basic authorization control functions.
 * @dev This simplifies the implementation of "user permissions".
 */
contract Whitelist is Ownable, RBAC {
  event WhitelistedAddressAdded(address addr);
  event WhitelistedAddressRemoved(address addr);

  string public constant ROLE_WHITELISTED = "whitelist";

  /**
   * @dev Throws if called by any account that's not whitelisted.
   */
  modifier onlyWhitelisted() {
    checkRole(msg.sender, ROLE_WHITELISTED);
    _;
  }

  /**
   * @dev add an address to the whitelist
   * @param addr address
   * @return true if the address was added to the whitelist, false if the address was already in the whitelist
   */
  function addAddressToWhitelist(address addr)
    onlyOwner
    public
  {
    addRole(addr, ROLE_WHITELISTED);
    emit WhitelistedAddressAdded(addr);
  }

  /**
   * @dev getter to determine if address is in whitelist
   */
  function whitelist(address addr)
    public
    view
    returns (bool)
  {
    return hasRole(addr, ROLE_WHITELISTED);
  }

  /**
   * @dev add addresses to the whitelist
   * @param addrs addresses
   * @return true if at least one address was added to the whitelist,
   * false if all addresses were already in the whitelist
   */
  function addAddressesToWhitelist(address[] addrs)
    onlyOwner
    public
  {
    for (uint256 i = 0; i < addrs.length; i++) {
      addAddressToWhitelist(addrs[i]);
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev remove an address from the whitelist
   * @param addr address
   * @return true if the address was removed from the whitelist,
   * false if the address wasn't in the whitelist in the first place
   */
  function removeAddressFromWhitelist(address addr)
    onlyOwner
    public
  {
    removeRole(addr, ROLE_WHITELISTED);
    emit WhitelistedAddressRemoved(addr);
  }

  /**
   * @dev remove addresses from the whitelist
   * @param addrs addresses
   * @return true if at least one address was removed from the whitelist,
   * false if all addresses weren't in the whitelist in the first place
   */
  function removeAddressesFromWhitelist(address[] addrs)
    onlyOwner
    public
  {
    for (uint256 i = 0; i < addrs.length; i++) {
      removeAddressFromWhitelist(addrs[i]);
    }
  }

}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/math/SafeMath.sol

/**
 * @title SafeMath
 * @dev Math operations with safety checks that throw on error
 */
library SafeMath {

  /**
  * @dev Multiplies two numbers, throws on overflow.
  */
  function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256 c) {
    // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than asserting 'a' not being zero, but the
    // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
    // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-solidity/pull/522
    if (a == 0) {
      return 0;
    }

    c = a * b;
    assert(c / a == b);
    return c;
  }

  /**
  * @dev Integer division of two numbers, truncating the quotient.
  */
  function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
    // assert(b > 0); // Solidity automatically throws when dividing by 0
    // uint256 c = a / b;
    // assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold
    return a / b;
  }

  /**
  * @dev Subtracts two numbers, throws on overflow (i.e. if subtrahend is greater than minuend).
  */
  function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
    assert(b <= a);
    return a - b;
  }

  /**
  * @dev Adds two numbers, throws on overflow.
  */
  function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256 c) {
    c = a + b;
    assert(c >= a);
    return c;
  }
}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20Basic.sol

/**
 * @title ERC20Basic
 * @dev Simpler version of ERC20 interface
 * @dev see https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/179
 */
contract ERC20Basic {
  function totalSupply() public view returns (uint256);
  function balanceOf(address who) public view returns (uint256);
  function transfer(address to, uint256 value) public returns (bool);
  event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/ERC20/BasicToken.sol

/**
 * @title Basic token
 * @dev Basic version of StandardToken, with no allowances.
 */
contract BasicToken is ERC20Basic {
  using SafeMath for uint256;

  mapping(address => uint256) balances;

  uint256 totalSupply_;

  /**
  * @dev total number of tokens in existence
  */
  function totalSupply() public view returns (uint256) {
    return totalSupply_;
  }

  /**
  * @dev transfer token for a specified address
  * @param _to The address to transfer to.
  * @param _value The amount to be transferred.
  */
  function transfer(address _to, uint256 _value) public returns (bool) {
    require(_to != address(0));
    require(_value <= balances[msg.sender]);

    balances[msg.sender] = balances[msg.sender].sub(_value);
    balances[_to] = balances[_to].add(_value);
    emit Transfer(msg.sender, _to, _value);
    return true;
  }

  /**
  * @dev Gets the balance of the specified address.
  * @param _owner The address to query the the balance of.
  * @return An uint256 representing the amount owned by the passed address.
  */
  function balanceOf(address _owner) public view returns (uint256) {
    return balances[_owner];
  }

}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol

/**
 * @title ERC20 interface
 * @dev see https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20
 */
contract ERC20 is ERC20Basic {
  function allowance(address owner, address spender)
    public view returns (uint256);

  function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value)
    public returns (bool);

  function approve(address spender, uint256 value) public returns (bool);
  event Approval(
    address indexed owner,
    address indexed spender,
    uint256 value
  );
}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/ERC20/StandardToken.sol

/**
 * @title Standard ERC20 token
 *
 * @dev Implementation of the basic standard token.
 * @dev https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20
 * @dev Based on code by FirstBlood: https://github.com/Firstbloodio/token/blob/master/smart_contract/FirstBloodToken.sol
 */
contract StandardToken is ERC20, BasicToken {

  mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) internal allowed;


  /**
   * @dev Transfer tokens from one address to another
   * @param _from address The address which you want to send tokens from
   * @param _to address The address which you want to transfer to
   * @param _value uint256 the amount of tokens to be transferred
   */
  function transferFrom(
    address _from,
    address _to,
    uint256 _value
  )
    public
    returns (bool)
  {
    require(_to != address(0));
    require(_value <= balances[_from]);
    require(_value <= allowed[_from][msg.sender]);

    balances[_from] = balances[_from].sub(_value);
    balances[_to] = balances[_to].add(_value);
    allowed[_from][msg.sender] = allowed[_from][msg.sender].sub(_value);
    emit Transfer(_from, _to, _value);
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Approve the passed address to spend the specified amount of tokens on behalf of msg.sender.
   *
   * Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk that someone may use both the old
   * and the new allowance by unfortunate transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this
   * race condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the desired value afterwards:
   * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
   * @param _spender The address which will spend the funds.
   * @param _value The amount of tokens to be spent.
   */
  function approve(address _spender, uint256 _value) public returns (bool) {
    allowed[msg.sender][_spender] = _value;
    emit Approval(msg.sender, _spender, _value);
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Function to check the amount of tokens that an owner allowed to a spender.
   * @param _owner address The address which owns the funds.
   * @param _spender address The address which will spend the funds.
   * @return A uint256 specifying the amount of tokens still available for the spender.
   */
  function allowance(
    address _owner,
    address _spender
   )
    public
    view
    returns (uint256)
  {
    return allowed[_owner][_spender];
  }

  /**
   * @dev Increase the amount of tokens that an owner allowed to a spender.
   *
   * approve should be called when allowed[_spender] == 0. To increment
   * allowed value is better to use this function to avoid 2 calls (and wait until
   * the first transaction is mined)
   * From MonolithDAO Token.sol
   * @param _spender The address which will spend the funds.
   * @param _addedValue The amount of tokens to increase the allowance by.
   */
  function increaseApproval(
    address _spender,
    uint _addedValue
  )
    public
    returns (bool)
  {
    allowed[msg.sender][_spender] = (
      allowed[msg.sender][_spender].add(_addedValue));
    emit Approval(msg.sender, _spender, allowed[msg.sender][_spender]);
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Decrease the amount of tokens that an owner allowed to a spender.
   *
   * approve should be called when allowed[_spender] == 0. To decrement
   * allowed value is better to use this function to avoid 2 calls (and wait until
   * the first transaction is mined)
   * From MonolithDAO Token.sol
   * @param _spender The address which will spend the funds.
   * @param _subtractedValue The amount of tokens to decrease the allowance by.
   */
  function decreaseApproval(
    address _spender,
    uint _subtractedValue
  )
    public
    returns (bool)
  {
    uint oldValue = allowed[msg.sender][_spender];
    if (_subtractedValue > oldValue) {
      allowed[msg.sender][_spender] = 0;
    } else {
      allowed[msg.sender][_spender] = oldValue.sub(_subtractedValue);
    }
    emit Approval(msg.sender, _spender, allowed[msg.sender][_spender]);
    return true;
  }

}

// File: contracts/pixie/PixieToken.sol

contract PixieToken is StandardToken, Whitelist, HasNoEther {

  string public constant name = "Pixie Token";

  string public constant symbol = "PXE";

  uint8 public constant decimals = 18;

  uint256 public constant initialSupply = 100000000000 * (10 ** uint256(decimals)); // 100 Billion PXE ^ decimal

  bool public transfersEnabled = false;

  address public bridge;

  event BridgeChange(address to);

  event TransfersEnabledChange(bool to);

  /**
   * @dev Constructor that gives msg.sender all of existing tokens.
   */
  constructor() public Whitelist() {
    totalSupply_ = initialSupply;
    balances[msg.sender] = initialSupply;
    emit Transfer(0x0, msg.sender, initialSupply);

    // transfer bridge set to msg sender
    bridge = msg.sender;

    // owner is automatically whitelisted
    addAddressToWhitelist(msg.sender);
  }

  function transfer(address _to, uint256 _value) public returns (bool) {
    require(
      transfersEnabled || whitelist(msg.sender) || _to == bridge,
      "Unable to transfers locked or address not whitelisted or not sending to the bridge"
    );

    return super.transfer(_to, _value);
  }

  function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) public returns (bool) {
    require(
      transfersEnabled || whitelist(msg.sender) || _to == bridge,
      "Unable to transfers locked or address not whitelisted or not sending to the bridge"
    );

    return super.transferFrom(_from, _to, _value);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Allows for setting the bridge address
   * @dev Must be called by owner
   *
   * @param _new the address to set
   */
  function changeBridge(address _new) external onlyOwner {
    require(_new != address(0), "Invalid address");
    bridge = _new;
    emit BridgeChange(bridge);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Allows for setting transfer on/off - used as hard stop
   * @dev Must be called by owner
   *
   * @param _transfersEnabled the value to set
   */
  function setTransfersEnabled(bool _transfersEnabled) external onlyOwner {
    transfersEnabled = _transfersEnabled;
    emit TransfersEnabledChange(transfersEnabled);
  }
}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/crowdsale/Crowdsale.sol

/**
 * @title Crowdsale
 * @dev Crowdsale is a base contract for managing a token crowdsale,
 * allowing investors to purchase tokens with ether. This contract implements
 * such functionality in its most fundamental form and can be extended to provide additional
 * functionality and/or custom behavior.
 * The external interface represents the basic interface for purchasing tokens, and conform
 * the base architecture for crowdsales. They are *not* intended to be modified / overriden.
 * The internal interface conforms the extensible and modifiable surface of crowdsales. Override
 * the methods to add functionality. Consider using 'super' where appropiate to concatenate
 * behavior.
 */
contract Crowdsale {
  using SafeMath for uint256;

  // The token being sold
  ERC20 public token;

  // Address where funds are collected
  address public wallet;

  // How many token units a buyer gets per wei.
  // The rate is the conversion between wei and the smallest and indivisible token unit.
  // So, if you are using a rate of 1 with a DetailedERC20 token with 3 decimals called TOK
  // 1 wei will give you 1 unit, or 0.001 TOK.
  uint256 public rate;

  // Amount of wei raised
  uint256 public weiRaised;

  /**
   * Event for token purchase logging
   * @param purchaser who paid for the tokens
   * @param beneficiary who got the tokens
   * @param value weis paid for purchase
   * @param amount amount of tokens purchased
   */
  event TokenPurchase(
    address indexed purchaser,
    address indexed beneficiary,
    uint256 value,
    uint256 amount
  );

  /**
   * @param _rate Number of token units a buyer gets per wei
   * @param _wallet Address where collected funds will be forwarded to
   * @param _token Address of the token being sold
   */
  constructor(uint256 _rate, address _wallet, ERC20 _token) public {
    require(_rate > 0);
    require(_wallet != address(0));
    require(_token != address(0));

    rate = _rate;
    wallet = _wallet;
    token = _token;
  }

  // -----------------------------------------
  // Crowdsale external interface
  // -----------------------------------------

  /**
   * @dev fallback function ***DO NOT OVERRIDE***
   */
  function () external payable {
    buyTokens(msg.sender);
  }

  /**
   * @dev low level token purchase ***DO NOT OVERRIDE***
   * @param _beneficiary Address performing the token purchase
   */
  function buyTokens(address _beneficiary) public payable {

    uint256 weiAmount = msg.value;
    _preValidatePurchase(_beneficiary, weiAmount);

    // calculate token amount to be created
    uint256 tokens = _getTokenAmount(weiAmount);

    // update state
    weiRaised = weiRaised.add(weiAmount);

    _processPurchase(_beneficiary, tokens);
    emit TokenPurchase(
      msg.sender,
      _beneficiary,
      weiAmount,
      tokens
    );

    _updatePurchasingState(_beneficiary, weiAmount);

    _forwardFunds();
    _postValidatePurchase(_beneficiary, weiAmount);
  }

  // -----------------------------------------
  // Internal interface (extensible)
  // -----------------------------------------

  /**
   * @dev Validation of an incoming purchase. Use require statements to revert state when conditions are not met. Use super to concatenate validations.
   * @param _beneficiary Address performing the token purchase
   * @param _weiAmount Value in wei involved in the purchase
   */
  function _preValidatePurchase(
    address _beneficiary,
    uint256 _weiAmount
  )
    internal
  {
    require(_beneficiary != address(0));
    require(_weiAmount != 0);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Validation of an executed purchase. Observe state and use revert statements to undo rollback when valid conditions are not met.
   * @param _beneficiary Address performing the token purchase
   * @param _weiAmount Value in wei involved in the purchase
   */
  function _postValidatePurchase(
    address _beneficiary,
    uint256 _weiAmount
  )
    internal
  {
    // optional override
  }

  /**
   * @dev Source of tokens. Override this method to modify the way in which the crowdsale ultimately gets and sends its tokens.
   * @param _beneficiary Address performing the token purchase
   * @param _tokenAmount Number of tokens to be emitted
   */
  function _deliverTokens(
    address _beneficiary,
    uint256 _tokenAmount
  )
    internal
  {
    token.transfer(_beneficiary, _tokenAmount);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Executed when a purchase has been validated and is ready to be executed. Not necessarily emits/sends tokens.
   * @param _beneficiary Address receiving the tokens
   * @param _tokenAmount Number of tokens to be purchased
   */
  function _processPurchase(
    address _beneficiary,
    uint256 _tokenAmount
  )
    internal
  {
    _deliverTokens(_beneficiary, _tokenAmount);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Override for extensions that require an internal state to check for validity (current user contributions, etc.)
   * @param _beneficiary Address receiving the tokens
   * @param _weiAmount Value in wei involved in the purchase
   */
  function _updatePurchasingState(
    address _beneficiary,
    uint256 _weiAmount
  )
    internal
  {
    // optional override
  }

  /**
   * @dev Override to extend the way in which ether is converted to tokens.
   * @param _weiAmount Value in wei to be converted into tokens
   * @return Number of tokens that can be purchased with the specified _weiAmount
   */
  function _getTokenAmount(uint256 _weiAmount)
    internal view returns (uint256)
  {
    return _weiAmount.mul(rate);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Determines how ETH is stored/forwarded on purchases.
   */
  function _forwardFunds() internal {
    wallet.transfer(msg.value);
  }
}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/crowdsale/distribution/utils/RefundVault.sol

/**
 * @title RefundVault
 * @dev This contract is used for storing funds while a crowdsale
 * is in progress. Supports refunding the money if crowdsale fails,
 * and forwarding it if crowdsale is successful.
 */
contract RefundVault is Ownable {
  using SafeMath for uint256;

  enum State { Active, Refunding, Closed }

  mapping (address => uint256) public deposited;
  address public wallet;
  State public state;

  event Closed();
  event RefundsEnabled();
  event Refunded(address indexed beneficiary, uint256 weiAmount);

  /**
   * @param _wallet Vault address
   */
  constructor(address _wallet) public {
    require(_wallet != address(0));
    wallet = _wallet;
    state = State.Active;
  }

  /**
   * @param investor Investor address
   */
  function deposit(address investor) onlyOwner public payable {
    require(state == State.Active);
    deposited[investor] = deposited[investor].add(msg.value);
  }

  function close() onlyOwner public {
    require(state == State.Active);
    state = State.Closed;
    emit Closed();
    wallet.transfer(address(this).balance);
  }

  function enableRefunds() onlyOwner public {
    require(state == State.Active);
    state = State.Refunding;
    emit RefundsEnabled();
  }

  /**
   * @param investor Investor address
   */
  function refund(address investor) public {
    require(state == State.Refunding);
    uint256 depositedValue = deposited[investor];
    deposited[investor] = 0;
    investor.transfer(depositedValue);
    emit Refunded(investor, depositedValue);
  }
}

// File: openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/lifecycle/Pausable.sol

/**
 * @title Pausable
 * @dev Base contract which allows children to implement an emergency stop mechanism.
 */
contract Pausable is Ownable {
  event Pause();
  event Unpause();

  bool public paused = false;


  /**
   * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
   */
  modifier whenNotPaused() {
    require(!paused);
    _;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
   */
  modifier whenPaused() {
    require(paused);
    _;
  }

  /**
   * @dev called by the owner to pause, triggers stopped state
   */
  function pause() onlyOwner whenNotPaused public {
    paused = true;
    emit Pause();
  }

  /**
   * @dev called by the owner to unpause, returns to normal state
   */
  function unpause() onlyOwner whenPaused public {
    paused = false;
    emit Unpause();
  }
}

// File: contracts/pixie/PixieCrowdsale.sol

contract PixieCrowdsale is Crowdsale, Pausable {

  event Finalized();

  event MinimumContributionUpdated(uint256 _minimumContribution);

  event OwnerTransfer(
    address indexed owner,
    address indexed caller,
    address indexed beneficiary,
    uint256 amount
  );

  mapping(address => bool) public whitelist;

  mapping(address => bool) public managementWhitelist;

  mapping(address => uint256) public contributions;

  bool public isFinalized = false;

  // Tuesday, July 3, 2018 10:00:00 AM GMT+01:00
  uint256 public openingTime = 1530608400;

  // Wednesday, August 1, 2018 9:59:59 AM GMT+01:00
  uint256 public privateSaleCloseTime = 1533113999;

  // Monday, October 1, 2018 9:59:59 AM GMT+01:00
  uint256 public preSaleCloseTime = 1538384399;

  // Wednesday, October 31, 2018 9:59:59 AM GMT+00:00
  uint256 public closingTime = 1540979999;

  // price per token (no discount)
  uint256 public rate = 396039;

  // 22.5% discount
  uint256 public privateSaleRate = 485148;

  // 12.5% discount
  uint256 public preSaleRate = 445544;

  uint256 public softCap = 2650 ether;

  uint256 public hardCap = 101000 ether;

  uint256 public minimumContribution = 1 ether;

  // refund vault used to hold funds while crowdsale is running
  RefundVault public vault;

  /**
  * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner or the someone in the management list.
  */
  modifier onlyManagement() {
    require(msg.sender == owner || managementWhitelist[msg.sender], "Must be owner or in management whitelist");
    _;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Constructs the Crowdsale contract with pre-defined parameter plus params
   *
   * @param _wallet Address where collected funds will be forwarded to
   * @param _token Address of the token being sold
   */
  constructor(address _wallet, PixieToken _token) public Crowdsale(rate, _wallet, _token) {
    vault = new RefundVault(wallet);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Checks whether funding goal was reached.
   * @return Whether funding goal was reached
   */
  function softCapReached() public view returns (bool) {
    return weiRaised >= softCap;
  }

  /**
   * @dev vault finalization task, called when owner calls finalize()
   */
  function finalization() internal {
    if (softCapReached()) {
      vault.close();
    } else {
      vault.enableRefunds();
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Overrides Crowdsale fund forwarding, sending funds to vault if not finalised, otherwise to wallet
   */
  function _forwardFunds() internal {
    // once finalized all contributions got to the wallet
    if (isFinalized) {
      wallet.transfer(msg.value);
    }
    // otherwise send to vault to allow refunds, if required
    else {
      vault.deposit.value(msg.value)(msg.sender);
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Must be called after crowdsale ends, to do some extra finalization
   * work. Calls the contract's finalization function.
   */
  function finalize() onlyOwner public {
    require(!isFinalized, "Crowdsale already finalised");

    finalization();
    emit Finalized();

    isFinalized = true;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Adds single address to whitelist.
   * @param _beneficiary Address to be added to the whitelist
   */
  function addToWhitelist(address _beneficiary) external onlyManagement {
    whitelist[_beneficiary] = true;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Adds list of addresses to whitelist. Not overloaded due to limitations with truffle testing.
   * @param _beneficiaries Addresses to be added to the whitelist
   */
  function addManyToWhitelist(address[] _beneficiaries) external onlyManagement {
    for (uint256 i = 0; i < _beneficiaries.length; i++) {
      whitelist[_beneficiaries[i]] = true;
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev Removes single address from whitelist.
   * @param _beneficiary Address to be removed to the whitelist
   */
  function removeFromWhitelist(address _beneficiary) external onlyManagement {
    whitelist[_beneficiary] = false;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Adds single address to the management whitelist.
   * @param _manager Address to be added to the management whitelist
   */
  function addToManagementWhitelist(address _manager) external onlyManagement {
    managementWhitelist[_manager] = true;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Removes single address from the management whitelist.
   * @param _manager Address to be removed to the management whitelist
   */
  function removeFromManagementWhitelist(address _manager) external onlyManagement {
    managementWhitelist[_manager] = false;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Allows for updating the opening time in the event of a delay
   * @dev Must be called by management, use sparingly as no restrictions are set
   *
   * @param _openingTime the epoch time to set
   */
  function updateOpeningTime(uint256 _openingTime) external onlyManagement {
    require(_openingTime > 0, "A opening time must be specified");
    openingTime = _openingTime;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Allows for updating the private sale close time in the event of a delay
   * @dev Must be called by management, use sparingly as no restrictions are set
   *
   * @param _privateSaleCloseTime the epoch time to set
   */
  function updatePrivateSaleCloseTime(uint256 _privateSaleCloseTime) external onlyManagement {
    require(_privateSaleCloseTime > openingTime, "A private sale time must after the opening time");
    privateSaleCloseTime = _privateSaleCloseTime;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Allows for updating the pre sale close time in the event of a delay
   * @dev Must be called by management, use sparingly as no restrictions are set
   *
   * @param _preSaleCloseTime the epoch time to set
   */
  function updatePreSaleCloseTime(uint256 _preSaleCloseTime) external onlyManagement {
    require(_preSaleCloseTime > privateSaleCloseTime, "A pre sale time must be after the private sale close time");
    preSaleCloseTime = _preSaleCloseTime;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Allows for updating the pre sale close time in the event of a delay
   * @dev Must be called by management, use sparingly as no restrictions are set
   *
   * @param _closingTime the epoch time to set
   */
  function updateClosingTime(uint256 _closingTime) external onlyManagement {
    require(_closingTime > preSaleCloseTime, "A closing time must be after the pre-sale close time");
    closingTime = _closingTime;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Allows for updating the minimum contribution required to participate
   * @dev Must be called by management
   *
   * @param _minimumContribution the minimum contribution to set
   */
  function updateMinimumContribution(uint256 _minimumContribution) external onlyManagement {
    require(_minimumContribution > 0, "Minimum contribution must be great than zero");
    minimumContribution = _minimumContribution;
    emit MinimumContributionUpdated(_minimumContribution);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Utility method for returning a set of epoch dates about the ICO
   */
  function getDateRanges() external view returns (
    uint256 _openingTime,
    uint256 _privateSaleCloseTime,
    uint256 _preSaleCloseTime,
    uint256 _closingTime
  ) {
    return (
    openingTime,
    privateSaleCloseTime,
    preSaleCloseTime,
    closingTime
    );
  }

  /**
   * @dev Extend parent behavior to update user contributions so far
   * @param _beneficiary Token purchaser
   * @param _weiAmount Amount of wei contributed
   */
  function _updatePurchasingState(address _beneficiary, uint256 _weiAmount) internal {
    super._updatePurchasingState(_beneficiary, _weiAmount);
    contributions[_beneficiary] = contributions[_beneficiary].add(_weiAmount);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Checks whether the hard cap has been reached.
   * @return Whether the cap was reached
   */
  function hardCapReached() public view returns (bool) {
    return weiRaised >= hardCap;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Checks whether the period in which the crowdsale is open has already elapsed.
   * @return Whether crowdsale period has elapsed
   */
  function hasClosed() public view returns (bool) {
    return now > closingTime;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Overridden method used to allow different rates for private/pre sale
   * @param _weiAmount Value in wei to be converted into tokens
   * @return Number of tokens that can be purchased with the specified _weiAmount
   */
  function _getTokenAmount(uint256 _weiAmount) internal view returns (uint256) {
    if (now < privateSaleCloseTime) {
      return _weiAmount.mul(privateSaleRate);
    }

    if (now < preSaleCloseTime) {
      return _weiAmount.mul(preSaleRate);
    }

    return _weiAmount.mul(rate);
  }

  /**
   * @dev Checks whether the period in which the crowdsale is open has elapsed.
   * @return true if crowdsale period is open, otherwise false
   */
  function isCrowdsaleOpen() public view returns (bool) {
    return now >= openingTime && now <= closingTime;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Extend parent behavior requiring contract to not be paused.
   * @param _beneficiary Token beneficiary
   * @param _weiAmount Amount of wei contributed
   */
  function _preValidatePurchase(address _beneficiary, uint256 _weiAmount) internal {
    super._preValidatePurchase(_beneficiary, _weiAmount);

    require(isCrowdsaleOpen(), "Crowdsale not open");

    require(weiRaised.add(_weiAmount) <= hardCap, "Exceeds maximum cap");

    require(_weiAmount >= minimumContribution, "Beneficiary minimum amount not reached");

    require(whitelist[_beneficiary], "Beneficiary not whitelisted");

    require(whitelist[msg.sender], "Sender not whitelisted");

    require(!paused, "Contract paused");
  }

  /**
   * @dev Allow owner to transfer tokens. Will be used to transfer unsold tokens.
   * @param _beneficiary Token beneficiary
   * @param _tokenAmount Amount of tokens to deliver
   */
  function transfer(address _beneficiary, uint256 _tokenAmount) external onlyOwner {
    _deliverTokens(_beneficiary, _tokenAmount);
    emit OwnerTransfer(msg.sender, address(this), _beneficiary, _tokenAmount);
  }
}