{"question": "Markedly inappropriate sensitivity, self impoance and suspiciousness are clinical features of", "exp": "D i.e. Paranoid P", "cop": 4, "opa": "Aantisocial", "opb": "Historic", "opc": "Schizoid", "opd": "Paranoid", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "6143feea-ad2e-4523-9033-5b337cccc2b1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug of choice for treatment of Acute withdrawl symptoms of Alcohol include", "exp": "Chordiazepoxide is Benzodiazepine derivative that acts on GABA receptors & open chloride channels which is used to treat the acute withdrawl symptoms of alcohol.\nNaltrexone, Acomprosate, Disulfirm are the drugs used for maintenance of abstinence.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Acamprosate", "opb": "Naltrexone", "opc": "Chlordiazepoxide", "opd": "Disulfiram", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "f4e1e1f8-1575-4031-9014-4907f0d39796", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Expression and consequent release of previously repressed emotion is", "exp": "Abreaction is a process by which repressed material is remembered back, relived again along with expression of associated emotions.\nIt is a type of Catharasis (purging of emotions) used as therapy in few psychiatric disorders.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Regression", "opb": "Passive aggression", "opc": "Abreaction", "opd": "Undoing", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "7a09a31e-6ff8-468b-99d2-48989edb2796", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is NOT associated with", "exp": "(B) Thought insertion # THOUGHT INSERTION is more commonly associated with shizophrenia.> OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts that produce uneasiness, apprehension, fear or worry (obsessions), repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing the associated anxiety (compulsions), or a combination of such obsessions and compulsions.> The acts of those who have OCD may appear paranoid and potentially psychotic.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Repetitive behavior", "opb": "Thought insertion", "opc": "Anxiety", "opd": "Paranoid behavior", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "e9d2479e-dfdd-400f-acc5-0abdb0e3476d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Thyrotoxicosis is most commonly associated with", "exp": "(A) Anxiety # ACUTE ANXIETY:# Physical Symptoms:> Motoric Symptoms: Tremors, Restlessness, Muscle twitches, Fearful facial expression> Autonomic & Visceral Symptoms: Palpitation, Tachycardia, Sweating, Flushes, Dyspnea, Hyperventilation, Dry mouth, Frequency and hesitancy of micturition.; Dizziness, Diarrhea, Mydriasis.> Psychic Symptoms: Cognitive Symptoms: Poor concentration, distractibility, Hyperarousal, Vigilance or scanning; Perceptual Symptoms: Derealization, Depersonalization; Affective Symptoms: Diffuse, unpleasant, vague sense of apprehension, Fearfulness, Inability to relax, irritability, Feeling of impending doom (When severe);> Other Symptoms: Insomnia (initial), Exaggerated striate response.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Anxiety", "opb": "Paranoid states", "opc": "Mania", "opd": "Delirium", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "6be41dcc-54c0-419f-8a57-1f28778b5e00", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Claustrophobia means", "exp": "Claustrophobia refers to irrational fear of closed spaces.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Fear of heights", "opb": "Fear of lizards", "opc": "Fear of closed spaces", "opd": "Fear of open spaces", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "6bfffe9f-8117-41d7-b262-a466c6e55d9a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common phobia is", "exp": "The phobia is defined as an irrational fear of a specific object, situation or activity, often leading to persistent avoidance of the feared object, situation or activity Types- agoraphobia, social phobia and specific phobia Agoraphobia is an example of irrational fear of situations. It is the commonest type of phobia encountered in clinical practice (Ref: A sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja,7th edition, pg no 92)", "cop": 4, "opa": "Acrophobia", "opb": "Thanatophobia", "opc": "Photophobia", "opd": "Agoraphobia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Anxiety disorders stress disorders and grief", "id": "cda0e6ef-e6a4-4349-a457-5ff260c24b7c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Cyclothymia is a type of", "exp": "Persistent mood disorders are characterised by persistent mood symptoms which last for more than 2 years but are not severe enough to be labelled as even hypomania or mild depressive episode. If the symptom consists of persistent inability of mood between mild depression and mild elation, the disorder is called as cyclothymia (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja,7th edition, pg no73)", "cop": 4, "opa": "Bipolar mood disorder", "opb": "Major depression", "opc": "Dysthymia", "opd": "Persistant mood disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood disorders", "id": "6813255e-f3cb-41f7-b229-b51569bc3ef2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common mental health disorder is", "exp": "Tourette's disorder(Gilles de la Tourette) - combined vocal and multiple motor tic disorder. presence of both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics (>1 year) Onset <18 years involuntary, spasmodic, stereotyped movement of small groups of muscles; seen most predominantly in moments of stress or anxiety Ex: Nose twitching, Shoulder shrugging, Sustained eye closure, Tensing of abdominal or limb muscles Etiology- Neurotransmitter dysregulation in basal ganglia, striatum, and frontal lobes. Rx- Haloperidol , pimozide(first line) , Risperidone , olanzapine comorbidity- ADHD, OCD AUTO IMMUNE-PANDAS( Peadiatric Auto immune NeuroPsychiatric disorders assosiated with Streptococcus) Akathisia* Motor restlessness (unpleasant need to move), usually in the lower extremities Ballismus* Intermittent, coarse, large-amplitude, jerking, shaking, flinging movements Chorea* Irregular, spasmodic movements, usually affecting the limbs or face Tic* Non-rhythmic, Stereotyped, rapid, recurring movement, involuntary or semivoluntary, and sudden in onset. TYPES: (motor tic) or vocalization (phonic or vocal tic) Tremor* Unintentional, somewhat rhythmic, muscle movement involving oscillations of one or more pas of the body Stereotypy* Repetitive, usually meaningless, gestures, habits, or automatisms Reference: P 3617: chap 46.Tic Disorders(Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th Edition)P 81 DSM-5", "cop": 2, "opa": "Anxiety", "opb": "Depression", "opc": "Phobia", "opd": "Schizophrenia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "2825e7d6-6284-4830-9bc2-29596605a6e4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Neurofibrillary tangles are deposition of", "exp": "Neurofibrillary tangles are intraneural depsition of Tau protein in highly phosphary leted form seen in Alzeihmer's disease,Normally tau protein aids microtubutes for axonal transport and hence axonal transport is interupted in Alzheimer's disease.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Aβ peptide", "opb": "Lewy bodies", "opc": "Tau protein", "opd": "Hirana bodies", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "ed5f7450-7e17-4c78-bb62-366ddc0fea4e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "reinforcrmrnt theory in management of behavioral issues was given by", "exp": "Behavioral therapy is learning given by BF Skinner , according to him all behaviors are learned phenomenon and thus can be unlearned Positive reinforcement a type of reinforcement when a behavior is rewarded there is more chance that the behavior is repeated Negative reinforcement is that when a behavior is done and an aversive response is removed, the behavior is repeated. When I go and meet my girlfriend, she checks my messages and picks up fight (aversive response) suddenly I delete all messages one day and that day there was no fight (no aversive response) then that behavior is repeated (delete all messages before meeting my girlfriend) Extinction is the type of reinforcement where a behavior is done and a rewarding response is removed the chance is that behavior will not be repeated A child likes to play with children( reward) but when the child fights with other children( undesirable behavior) the child will be removed from playing( removing a reward) , then the child stops fighting with other children( reduction of undesirable behaviour) Ref. kaplon and sadock synopsis, 11 th edition, pg no. 845", "cop": 2, "opa": "lorenz", "opb": "skinner", "opc": "seligman", "opd": "mary ainswoh", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Treatment in psychiatry", "id": "7b6aa345-75df-448f-883a-1a9159b07084", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Antidepressant drug used in nocturnal eneuresis is", "exp": "Adverse effects ofTCAs l. Anticholinergic - Dry mouth, bad taste, urinary retention, blurred vision, palpitation, constiPation. 2. Sedation, mental confusion, weakness. 3. Increased appetite and veigfit gain. 4. Sweating andfinc tremer. 5. Decreased seizure threshold (clomipramine, maprotiline & bupropion). 6. Postural hypotension > Marimum by amitripSline - Goodman & Gillman 11/e p. 4j3. 7. Cardiac arrythmia; Maximum by amitriptyline and dosulpin. REF : Oxford text book of psychiatry 3rd Ed.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Imipramine", "opb": "Fluoxetine", "opc": "Trazdone", "opd": "Sealine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "e9b0fb7b-2e09-4fd4-8754-a2679d20cf98", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In alcohol withdrawal delirium drug of choice is", "exp": "B i.e. ChlordiazepoxideTreatment of alcohol withdrawal delirium:Patients withdrawing from alcohol who exhibit withdrawal phenomena should receive a 25 to 50 mg of chlordiazepoxide every 2 to 4 hours until they seem to be out of danger.Once the delirium appears, 50 to 100 mg of chlordiazepoxide should be given every 4 hours orally, or lorazepam should be given intravenously (IV) if oral medication is not possible.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Benzodiazepine", "opb": "Chlordiazepoxide", "opc": "Lithium", "opd": "Haloperidol", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "f4ec5bfd-e4d2-4729-8da2-269afa13af38", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Irresistable urge to do a thing repeatedly is seen in", "exp": "Ans. a (Obsessive compulsive disorder). (Ref Harrison, Medicine, 18th/ch. 391)OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER (OCD)# Definition- is a psychiatric disorder, specifically, an anxiety disorder. OCD is manifested in a variety of forms, but is most commonly characterized by a subject's obsessive (repetitive, distressing, intrusive) thoughts and related compulsions (tasks or rituals) which attempt to neutralize the obsessions.- Characterized by recurrent Obsessions or Compulsions that are recognized by the individual as unreasonable- Undoing = Compulsion \"Acts\" in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.- Obsessions: Anxiety-Provoking & Intrusive Thoughts commonly concerning Contamination, Doubt, Guilt, Aggression & Sex- Compulsions: Peculiar Behaviors that reduce Anxiety via Hand-Washing, Organizing, Checking, Counting & Praying# Risk Factors/Etiology- Associated with abnormalities of Serotonin metabolism# Prevalence:- 2% of population.- Occurs at a 1 to 1 male-to-female ratio ***# Onset:- Insidious & occurs during childhood, adolescence or early adulthood# Physical Examination- Chapped hands when hand-washing compulsion is present# Treatment- Pharmacotherapy: SSRI (Fluoxetine or Fluvoxamine) & Clomipramine- Behavioral Psychotherapies: Relaxation Training, Guided Imagery, Exposure,- Response Prevention, Thought Stopping Techniques & Modeling", "cop": 1, "opa": "Obsessive compulsive disorder", "opb": "Schizophrenia", "opc": "Schizoaffective disorder", "opd": "Depression", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Neurotic Disorders", "id": "f44c9b3b-2f12-4418-8ea2-01cd950b5300", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The common side effect with fluoxetine therapy is", "exp": "SIDE EFFECTS Paradoxical SUICIDE, this is a type of suicide where an antidepressant used to treat depression and decrease suicide increase the chance of suicidal attempt ( IT'S A PARADOX). The explanation that is given is SSRI initially activates the patient and decreases fatigue, thus patients with low mood and suicidal ideas will have more energy to act on the ideas. GIT- loose stools and ulcer thus it should not be given in an empty stomach SD- delays ejaculation. This mechanism is used for its prescription in patients with premature ejaculation ANXIETY INSOMNIA Ref.Kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 1013", "cop": 4, "opa": "Seizure", "opb": "Anxiety", "opc": "Hypotension", "opd": "Loose stools", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Pharmacotherapy in psychiatry", "id": "6da1cee3-f990-4280-8015-ae3d7fbfe3a0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Akinesia and mutism is", "exp": "Stupor  / semicoma is characterized by akinesia(lack of movement) and mutism(decreased nerbal response).", "cop": 3, "opa": "Coma", "opb": "Torpor", "opc": "Stupor", "opd": "Twilight state", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "85932701-5267-4f02-bce4-26d358c4332b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Physical withdrawl symptoms are absent in patients abusing", "exp": "B i.e. Cannabis", "cop": 2, "opa": "Alcohol", "opb": "Cannabis", "opc": "Opium", "opd": "Pethidine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "137d3508-50e9-42a7-b71c-fa65cad47628", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Type C personality disorder is", "exp": ". *ANAKSTIC *Also known as OCPD( obsessive compulsive personality disorder) *Perfectionism *Rigidity *Punctuality * indecisiveness *Conscientiousness *excessive attention to detail *extreme orderliness in one area of life *ANXIOUS (AVOIDANT) PERSONALITY DISORDER *free-floating anxiety * 'born worriers'. *pervasive feelings of terror and apprehension *Unattractive * inferior avoidance of those social situations *DEPENDENT PERSONALITY DISORDER * dependence on other people *lack of self-confidence, initiative and drive *describe themselves as depressed *Needs others to assume responsibility * self pessimism * selfdoubt * self-devaluation.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Avoidant personality disorder", "opb": "Histrionic personality disorder", "opc": "Paranoid personality disorder", "opd": "Narcissistic personality disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "d1fb973d-6762-4b57-ae08-83e5ab4836f6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Confabulation is defect of", "exp": "Confabulation Unconscious filling of gaps in memory by imagining experiences or events that have no basis in fact. it is commonly seen in amnestic syndromes. it is a charecterstic feuture of Koraskoff's psychosis, a condition that occurs due to thiamine deficiency the charecterstic feuture of confabulation is fluent plausible lying, that is individual is not aware that he lying and filling up the memory gaps but still speaks things in a fluent way and this is a dysfunction of memory Reference: Kaplan & Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry, 11th edition, page 1409.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Memory", "opb": "Intelligence", "opc": "Attention", "opd": "Concentration", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Symptoms and signs in psychiatry and classification", "id": "c7240626-b70a-4a44-9cfb-21d8fc24793c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common delusions seen in schizophrenia are", "exp": "Delusions of persecution are most common delusions in schizophrenia Bizarre delusions may also be seen in schizophrenia Ref: Essentials of postgraduate psychiatry By JN Vyas 1st ed Pg 398", "cop": 2, "opa": "Delusions of erotomania", "opb": "Delusions of persecution", "opc": "Delusions of grandiosity", "opd": "Delusions of infidelity", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders", "id": "b464a8bd-60b9-41a0-9097-58560033a0f3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Reinforcement is used in", "exp": "reinforcement is a method of behavioral therapy there are various types of reinforcement namely positive reinforcement namely positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement and punishment psychonalysis is a type of psychotherapy which was introduced by FREUD Abreaction is one of the impoant step in psychoanalysis hynoanalysis is a technique which is famously called as hypnosis introduced by James Braid. it is a eye fixation ata single point and showing too much concetration on that paicular point and thus dissosiating from the rest of the world. Reference: Kaplon and sadock, 11 th edition, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 105", "cop": 1, "opa": "Psychoanalysis", "opb": "Hypnoanalysis", "opc": "Abreaction", "opd": "Conditioned learning", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "29c13237-5c17-4fd1-9452-4627cf137ade", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Biochemical aetiology of Alzheimer's disease relates to", "exp": "Alzheimer's disease is the commonest cause of dementia and it is not treatable disorder. Neurochemically there is a marked decrease in the brain choline acetyltransferase (CAT) with a similar decrease in brain acetylcholinesterase(AchE) (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th edition, pg no.24). The main neurotransmitter implicated in Alzheimer's disease is Acetylcholine.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Serotonin", "opb": "Dopamine", "opc": "Acetylcholine", "opd": "GABA", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Organic mental disorders", "id": "2ad9041c-cbfb-4f65-a5c0-41958cdce222", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Rathi, 26 years old female diagnosed to be suffering from depression. Now for the past 2 days had sucidal tendency, thought & ideas. The best treatment is", "exp": "D i.e. ECT", "cop": 4, "opa": "Amitryptiline", "opb": "Selegidine", "opc": "Haloperidol + CPZ", "opd": "ECT", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "d9ccb419-a928-4fb8-b27e-364e40e0bcd4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The drug used in the treatment of cessation of smoking  & tobacco addiction", "exp": "Vareniciline is a partial agonist at α4 β2 subtype of Nicotine receptor used to treat tobbacco addiction.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Vareniciline", "opb": "Acamprosate", "opc": "Baclofen", "opd": "Naltrexone", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "bf936984-9678-42bb-bc27-ce51ce138f79", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor", "exp": "Ans:C-BuspironeBuspirone is in a class of medications called anti-anxiety medications.Buspirone is not related to other anti-anxiety medications, such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates or other sedative/ anxiolytic drugs.It is approved for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).", "cop": 3, "opa": "Fluoxetine", "opb": "Fluvoxamine", "opc": "Buspirone", "opd": "Citalopram", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "bc54d1e0-c6e7-4346-9f82-6f5319348a68", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Delusion is", "exp": "(Thought) (60- 61- Neeraj Ahuja 6th)* Delusion is a disorder with disturbed content of thought* Hallucination & Illusion are disorders of perception* Delirium & dementia are disorders of cognition* Insight is disturbed in psychosisDELUSION - False belief based on in correct inference about external reality; not consistent with patient's intelligence and cultural back ground that cannot be corrected by reasoning", "cop": 2, "opa": "Perception", "opb": "Thought", "opc": "Insight", "opd": "Depression", "subject_name": "Medicine", "topic_name": "Psychiatry", "id": "d20c6544-aede-4195-b5d5-09200b7ab9ce", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Neurotransmitter related to schizophrenia pathology isa) Achb) Dopaminec) Serotonind) NA", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "bcd", "opb": "acd", "opc": "ac", "opd": "bd", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "dc7baf62-b0d2-44cb-a739-aeb47532f576", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common psychiatry disorder is", "exp": "C i.e. Depression", "cop": 3, "opa": "Dementia", "opb": "Schizophrenia", "opc": "Depression", "opd": "Paronia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "8bcef866-67f3-4b2c-9777-c35157a7e48a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Percentage of monozygotic twins with schizophrenia", "exp": "Monozygotic twin → 46-50%; and Dizygotic twin → 12%.", "cop": 4, "opa": "0.10%", "opb": "1%", "opc": "10%", "opd": "50%", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "817a1a09-ca99-47e7-a6d8-9361800b4e92", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Token economy is used in the treatment of", "exp": "Token economy: It is a form of behavior modification designed to increase desirable behavior and decrease undesirable behavior with the use of tokens. Individuals receive tokens immediately after displaying desirable behavior. The tokens are collected and later exchanged for a meaningful object or privilege. The primary goal of a token economy is to increase desirable behavior and decrease undesirable behavior. Often token economies are used in institutional settings (such as psychiatric hospitals or correctional facilities) to manage the behavior of individuals who may be aggressive or unpredictable.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Schizophrenia", "opb": "Depression", "opc": "Dementia", "opd": "Delirium", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders", "id": "23f81bda-30da-45f3-bf14-5a87aa750ed9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not a feature of dementia", "exp": "Dementia refers to a disease process marked by progressive cognitive impairment in clear consciousness. Reference: Kaplan & Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry, 11th edition, page 704.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Forgetfulness", "opb": "Loss of neurons in brain", "opc": "Loss of sensorium", "opd": "Wearing diy clothes", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Organic mental disorders", "id": "ba20d71c-d835-4c80-8c64-2affd0370f6d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Erotomania is seen in", "exp": "In erotomania, which has also been referred to as de Clerambault syndrome it is also called as psychose passionelle. here the patient has the delusional conviction that another person, usually of higher status, is in love with him or her. Besides being the key symptom in some cases of delusional disorder, it is known to occur in schizophrenia, mood disorder, and other organic disorders. the persons on which the delusions are built are stalked and there is even risk of homicide. Reference: Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11th edition, Page 336.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Bipolar mania", "opb": "Unipolar mania", "opc": "Neurosis", "opd": "OCD", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Symptoms and signs in psychiatry and classification", "id": "faf871f3-d13d-4b83-a879-c9bda46d3e82", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Lithium is treatment of choice for", "exp": "B i.e. Bipolar MDP prophylaxis", "cop": 2, "opa": "Unipolar MDP prophylaxis", "opb": "Bipolar MDP prophylaxis", "opc": "Schizophrenia", "opd": "Acute mania", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "94272b80-ef86-4d4c-9899-db224b0afe27", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "\"I am dead\" is a form of", "exp": "(A) Nihilistic delusion # Delusion of control: This is a false belief that another person, group of people, or external force controls one's general thoughts, feelings, impulses, or behavior.> Nihilistic delusion: This is a false belief that one does not exist or has become deceased.> Delusional jealousy (or delusion of infidelity): A person with this delusion falsely believes that a person is lying to them or that a spouse or lover is having an affair, with no proof to back up their claim.> Delusion of guilt or sin (or delusion of self-accusation): This is a false feeling of remorse or guilt of delusional intensity.> Delusion of mind being read: The false belief that other people can know one's thoughts.> Delusion of reference: The person falsely believes that insignificant remarks, events, or objects in one's environment have personal meaning or significance.> Erotomania: A delusion where someone believes another person is in love with them.> Religious delusion: Any delusion with a religious or spiritual content. These may be combined with other delusions, such as grandiose delusions (the belief that the affected person is a god, or chosen to act as a god, for example).> Somatic delusion: A delusion whose content pertains to bodily functioning, bodily sensations, or physical appearance. Usually the false belief is that the body is somehow diseased, abnormal, or changed--for example, infested with parasites.> Delusions of parasitosis (DOP) or delusional parasitosis: a delusion in which one feels infested with an insect, bacteria, mite, spiders, lice, fleas, worms, or other organisms. Affected individuals may also report being repeatedly bitten. In some cases, entomologists are asked to investigate cases of mysterious bites. Sometimes physical manifestations may occur including skin lesions.> Delusion of poverty: The person strongly believes that he is financially incapacitated. Although this type of delusion is less common now, it was particularly widespread in the days before state support.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Nihilistic delusion", "opb": "Somatic delusion", "opc": "Delusion of Infidelity", "opd": "Delusion of reference", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "f92cf0a1-c409-4605-bca3-fb39c33c8e93", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not a feature of heroin {smack} withdrawal", "exp": "Heroin or di-acetyl-morphine is about two times more potent than morphine in injectable form. Apa from the parenteral mode of administration, heroin can also be smoked or 'chased' ( chasing the dragon), often in an impure form (called ' smack' or ' brown sugar' in India). Withdrawal SyndromeThe onset of withdrawal symptoms occurs typically within 12-24 hours, peaks within 24-72 hours, and symptoms usually subside within 7-10 days of the last dose of opioid. The characteristic symptoms include lacrimation, rhinorrhoea, pupillary dilation, sweating, diarrhoea, yawning, tachycardia, mild hypeension, insomnia, raised body temperature, muscle cramps, generalised body ache, severe anxiety, piloerection, nausea, vomiting and anorexia. There are marked individual differences in the presentation of withdrawal symptoms. Heroin withdrawal syndrome is far more severe than the withdrawal syndrome seen with morphine. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 43", "cop": 3, "opa": "Yawning", "opb": "Muscle cramps", "opc": "Hypersomnia", "opd": "Hypeention", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance abuse", "id": "a84b7916-b3d6-4519-a66d-f5b0b5a303d5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Morbid jealousy is most often seen in patients taking", "exp": "Some Complications of Alcohol Dependence Medical Complications Central Nervous System: i. Peripheral neuropathy ii. Delirium tremens iii. Rum fits (Alcohol withdrawal seizures) iv. Alcoholic hallucinosis v. Alcoholic jealousy vi. Wernicke-Korsakoff psychosis vii. Marchiaa-Bignami disease viii. Alcoholic dementia ix. Suicide x. Cerebellar degeneration xi. Central pontine myelinosis xii. Head injury and fractures. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 39", "cop": 1, "opa": "Alcohol", "opb": "Amphetamine", "opc": "LSD", "opd": "Cannabis", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance abuse", "id": "1df63d84-9e14-4ea8-9d64-c3082bb31060", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Treatment of choice for Obsessive compulsive disorder is", "exp": "(B) Fluoxetine # FLUOXETINE (20-80 mg/day) is a good alternative to clomipramine & often preferred these days for its better side-effect profile in the treatment of Obsessive compulsive disorder.> Clomipramine, fluoxetine, and fluvoxamine are approved for the treatment of OCD.> Clomipramine is a TCA that is often tolerated poorly owing to anticholinergic and sedative side effects at the doses required to treat the illness (150 to 250 mg/d).> Its efficacy in OCD is unrelated to its antidepressant activity.> Fluoxetine (40 to 60 mg/d) and fluvoxamine (100 to 300 mg/d) are as effective as clomipramine and have a more benign side-effect profile.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Imipramine", "opb": "Fluoxetine", "opc": "Chlorpromazine", "opd": "Benzodiazepine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "224c5484-1068-48a8-bfbe-2e1a2d3c2426", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "OCD is characterised by", "exp": "(D) Onset late adulthood # Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder:> An obsession is defined as an idea, impulse or image which intrudes into conscious awareness repeatedly. It is recognized as one's own idea, impulse or image but is ego-alien (foreign to one's personality). It is recognized as irrationl and absurd (insight is present) Patient tries to resist against it but is unable to Failure to resist leads to marked distress.> Differentiation has to be made from delusion and thought insertion.> A delusion is recognized as one's own idea but is not recognized as ego-alien. It is strongly believed, hence it is never thought to be irrational and is never resisted.> Thought inertion is not thought of as one's own idea, but somebody else's thought being forcibly inerted into one's mind.> An obsession is usually associated with a compulsion carcinoma form of behaviour which usually follows obsessions.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Obsession of contamination rare", "opb": "Buspirone is used to augment the therapy", "opc": "Patient readily discussses the symptoms", "opd": "Onset late adulthood", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "700154fb-c8ca-40dd-8b85-21ba2cd19dac", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "vilazadone is a", "exp": "SPARI * IMPOANCE antidepressant with anti anxiety propey * MECHANISM serotonin paial agonist and reuptake inhibitor * DRUGS Vilazodone Ref.kaplon and sadock, synopsis of sychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 955", "cop": 4, "opa": "SSRI", "opb": "SARI", "opc": "SNRI", "opd": "SPARI", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Pharmacotherapy in psychiatry", "id": "00f95184-0734-41ae-a175-71667a3e1c98", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "EEG waves prominent in occipital lobe is", "exp": "Stages of Sleep Electrophysiological Criteria Stage Of Sleep 1)Voltage 2) Frequency 1)EOG 2)EMG Wakefulness (eyes closed) 1)Low-voltage2) mixed, Alpha (8-13 Hz) 1)Eye movements, blinks2)High tonic activity, voluntary movements Non Rapid Eye Movement sleep 75 %* Stage I 5 % 1)Low-voltage, 2) mixed, Theta (3-7 Hz)*, veex sharp waves 1)Slow eye movements2)Tonic activity slightly decreased stage II 45 % 1)Low-voltage2) mixed ,K-complexes* sleep spindles * (12-14 Hz bursts) 1) Low tonic activity 2)EOG None Stage III 12 % 1)High-amplitude (75 uV) 2) Slow(delta) waves * (< 2Hz) occupying 20% to 50 % of epoch Stage IV 13% 1)High-amplitude 2) Slow(delta) waves occupy >50% of epoch Rapid Eye Movements sleep 25%* 1)Low-voltage2) Mixed, Saw-tooth waves, theta activity, slow alpha activity 1)Tonic atonia* with phasic twitches 2)Rapid Eye Movements As we proceed from wakefulness to sleep, we see the EEG waves becoming slower (i.e decreasing in frequency), increasing in amplitude, heterogeneous (mixed activity) to homogenous waves. K complexes (negative sharp wave followed by a positive slow wave) EEG wave Frequency Recorded B A Te D Beta 13-30 Hz Parietally, frontally Activation of various areas of the brain Alpha 8-13 Hz Occipitally Wakefulness(eyes closed) Theta 4-8 Hz All areas Sleeping adults, children Delta 0.5-4Hz All areas Sleeping adults, infants Pneumonic BATeD waves in active brain - deep sleep Reference: P.752 24.1 Normal Sleep Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry, 10th Edition)", "cop": 1, "opa": "Alpha", "opb": "Beta", "opc": "Gamma", "opd": "Theta", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "c3ecdc55-9ba0-41ca-b534-64300f896680", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A student unable to deliver speech before audience is suffering from", "exp": "Social phobia is an example of irrational fear of activities or social interaction, characterised by an irrational fear or social interaction, characterised by an irrational fear of performing activities in the presence of other people or interacting with others. The patient is afraid of his own actions being viewed by others critically, resulting in embarrassment or humiliation. (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja,7th edition, pg no 93)", "cop": 1, "opa": "Social phobia", "opb": "OCD", "opc": "Agoraphobia", "opd": "Claustrophobia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Anxiety disorders stress disorders and grief", "id": "45bcd114-0e13-4547-98d6-3e94677fa0a8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Characteristic Symptom in induced psychotic disorder is", "exp": "C i.e. Accepting delusions of other person", "cop": 3, "opa": "Insomnia", "opb": "Profound mood disturbance", "opc": "Accepting delusions of other person", "opd": "Suicidal Ideation", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "a7baf99b-645c-4995-bf3e-2afc6a83ba8d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Blockers are indicated in", "exp": "C i.e. Anxiety", "cop": 3, "opa": "Phobia", "opb": "Schizophrenia", "opc": "Anxiety", "opd": "Mania", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "796a5e1c-762c-4b6a-9176-084cee809ade", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Abnormal thought possession is found in", "exp": "Normally one experience's one's thinking as being one's own, although this sense of personal possession is never in the foreground of one's consciousness. One also has the feeling that one is in control of one's thinking. This loss of control is seen in obsessions. Ref- Fish psychopathology, 3e, pg 36.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Organic brain syndrome", "opb": "Hysteria", "opc": "Obsessive compulsive disorder", "opd": "Neuroasthenia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Personality disorders", "id": "c92aab84-1f56-4138-be30-1df3dc7fe1a9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Catatonic schizophrenia is associated with", "exp": "- Catatonic schizophrenia is a type of schizophrenia that includes extremes of behavior.- It includes motor symptoms.- At one end of the extreme the patient cannot speak, move or respond - there is a dramatic reduction in activity where viually all movement stops, as in a catatonic stupor.- At the other end of the extreme they are overexcited or hyperactive, sometimes mimicking sounds (echolalia) or movements (echopraxia) around them - often referred to as catatonic excitement.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Paranoid thoughts", "opb": "Suicidal behavior", "opc": "Motor symptoms", "opd": "Mental Retardation", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders", "id": "5cbaa15f-87c3-442e-9e09-b4f907afe0df", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Catastrophic reaction is feature of", "exp": "Dementia is a chronic organic mental disorder. A catastrophic reaction is seen in dementia when beyond confronted with an assignment which is beyond the residual intellectual capacity, patient may go into a sudden rage. (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th edition, pg no.22)", "cop": 1, "opa": "Dementia", "opb": "Schizophrenia", "opc": "Delirium", "opd": "Anxiety", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Organic mental disorders", "id": "d21baa38-2e64-4d96-813a-d517bc6e52d1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common complication of modified ECT", "exp": "* Electro convulsive therapy (seizure) increases production of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)Q. Madsen proposed generation of new neurons in the hippocampus may be an impoant neurobiological element underlying the clinical effects of ECT. * ECT is most commonly indicated (-85% of all ECT) and most effective in treatment of major depression (with psychosis / delusions /or suicidal tendency)Q. ECT is indicated in psychotic (delusional) depressionQ because nihilistic delusions may induce suicidal tendency, whereas ECT is not indicated in neurotic depression (dysthynia), cyclothymiaQ. ECT may be useful in MDP (bipolar) in decreasing duration of depressive episode. ECT is not (or less) useful in chronic conditions like chronic schizophrenia (with negativ symptoms esp)Q. Use of ECT is not the first line (choice) of treatment in mania & schizophrenia (lithium & anti psychotics are mainstay of treatment). Panic disorder is also treated with drugs not ECT. REF : Oxford text book of psychiatry 3rd Ed.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Intracerebellar Bleed", "opb": "Fracture spine", "opc": "Body ache", "opd": "Amnesia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "700f1fb5-cb8e-4cd7-845f-9e0a26324303", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Maximum benefit of electroconvulsive therapy is in", "exp": "Most important and most common indication for ECT is severe depression with suicidal risk. Indications of ECT\n1. Severe depression with suicidal risk or with psychotic features or with stupor.\n2. Some types of schizophrenia (catatonic or paranoid)\n3. Schizophrenic or depressive stupor\n4. Severe catatonia with stupor\n5. Severe psychoses (schizophrenia or mania) with the risk of suicide or homicide or physical assault.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Hysteria", "opb": "Chronic schizophrenia", "opc": "Depression with suicidal tendency", "opd": "Mania", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "a0574875-2119-47c4-a5f3-f6175c39ac89", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The most commonly implicated neurotransmitter in the aetiology of schizophrenia is", "exp": "Schizophrenia is presently thought to be probably due to a functional increase of dopamine at the postsynaptic receptor, though other neurotransmitters such as serotonin (especially 5-HT2 receptors), GABA and acetylcholine are also presumably involved. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 63", "cop": 3, "opa": "Norepinephrine", "opb": "Serotonin", "opc": "Dopamine", "opd": "GABA", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders", "id": "798e154e-3279-45d8-b342-bdc264afa10c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Anesthetic agent used in ECT is", "exp": "Methohexitol is a barbitutate used as induction agent in ECT.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Ketamine", "opb": "Thiopentone", "opc": "Propofol", "opd": "Methohexitol", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "e45230c6-70a1-4839-9496-a3f433bd89f9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Tricyclic Anti depressant are contraindicated in", "exp": "A i.e. Glucoma", "cop": 1, "opa": "Glucoma", "opb": "Brain Tumor", "opc": "Bronchial Asthma", "opd": "Hypeension", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "fb847604-8f26-4439-ac10-206b471fc967", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": ".Bad trips is seen in", "exp": "Hallucinogens * ALSO CALLED AS Psychotomimetic/ Psychedelic * FIRST Man made HALLICINOGEN ==================== Albe Hoffman * MECHANISM OF ACTION Lysergic acid diethylamide=======serotonin * Introduced by Albe Hoffmann and he himself experienced its effects * Phencyclidine =======NMDA antagonist * Also known as angel dust * Related to ketamine=== dissociative anesthetic * Has anti-suicidal propey PSYCHIATRIC RELEVANCE FLASHBACKS====== person even after weeks of using substance may experience the same hallucinations BAD TRIPS====== bad experiences during intoxication of the substance They tend to see hallucinations and monsters and are threatened by the images Ref.kaplon and Sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no.649", "cop": 2, "opa": "flunitrazepam", "opb": "LSD", "opc": ".toluene", "opd": "anabolic androgenic steroids", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance abuse", "id": "20c6343f-16f5-4d1b-8f03-9ecede4cb800", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "NOT an Anxiolytic drug", "exp": "(A) Melatonin # ANTIANXIETY DRUGS:> Benzodiazepines: Diazepam, Chlordiazepoxide, Oxazepam, Lorazepam, Alprazolam.# Chlormethiazole:> Atypical anxiolyitcs: Buspirone, Gepirone, Ipsapirone. Typical anxiolyitc drugs act GABA receptors BZP site, whereas atypical agents are presynaptic 5HT1A receptor partial agonist and inhibits the release of 5HT.> Melatonin is effective in sleep disorders and is Possibly Effective for:> Withdrawal from drugs called benzodiazepines, High blood pressure, Insomnia, jet lag, Reducing anxiety before surgery, tumours, sunburn, thrombocytopenia.> SSRI's: like sertraline, fluoxetine, Paroxetine> TCA's: like imipramine, amitryptiline> Beta blockers: for controlling tachycardia and palpitation", "cop": 1, "opa": "Melatonin", "opb": "Haloperidol", "opc": "Alprazolam", "opd": "Setraline", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "9cff557b-82b0-4d30-b750-7ca47822c777", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The most prevalent psychiatric illness in the general community is", "exp": "Anxiety disorders, the most prevalent psychiatric illnesses in the general community, are present in 15- 20% of medical clinic patients there are several anxiety disorders namely panic disorder agaraphobia specific phobia obsessive compulsive disorder somatization disorder conversion disorder dissosiation disorder adjustment disorder post traumatic disorder Reference: Kaplon and sadock, 11 th edition, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 387", "cop": 1, "opa": "Anxiety disorder", "opb": "Schizophrenia", "opc": "Depression", "opd": "Mood disorders", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Anxiety disorders stress disorders and grief", "id": "a440486f-1460-4ebd-b8e9-e15fb0fecb49", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Best test for diagnosis of organic mental disorder", "exp": "B i.e. Bender - Gestalt test", "cop": 2, "opa": "Sentence completion test", "opb": "Bender gestalt test", "opc": "Rorschach test", "opd": "Thematic Appreciation Test", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "6368f454-13ae-4b44-8aa7-7ced0378a735", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "For severe intractable obsessional neurosis the psychosurgery of choice is", "exp": "B. i.e. Cingulotomy", "cop": 2, "opa": "Bifrontaltractotomy", "opb": "Cingulotomy", "opc": "Amygdalotomy", "opd": "Temporal lobe lesion", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "436e04e4-3c05-4a2c-87a7-83919d54f5e7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "One of the following is not a compulsive and habit forming disorder", "exp": "Nymphomania is the condition of excessive sexual desire in females. It is not an impulse control disorder.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Kleptomania", "opb": "Pyromania", "opc": "Nymphomania", "opd": "Pathological gambling", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "b10c8239-1ca7-4a9b-a253-bc8331afaf1b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug of choice for Generalised anxiety disorder", "exp": "-Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the drug of choice in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder.-Sho-acting benzodiazepines such as alprazolam are used during acute episodes.Treatment:First line:-Cognitive behavioural therapy-SSRIs or SNRIsSecond-line:- Benzodiazepines- Buspirone", "cop": 3, "opa": "Benzodiazepines", "opb": "Buspirone", "opc": "Seraline", "opd": "Olanzapine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "05564c15-71e1-46e3-ae32-df832aefdf2e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "LSD was introducd by", "exp": "Hallucinogens * ALSO CALLED AS Psychotomimetic/ Psychedelic * FIRST Man made HALLICINOGEN ==================== Albe Hoffman * MECHANISM OF ACTION Lysergic acid diethylamide=======serotonin * Introduced by Albe Hoffmann and he himself experienced its effects * Phencyclidine =======NMDA antagonist * Also known as angel dust * Related to ketamine=== dissociative anesthetic * Has anti-suicidal propey Ref.Kaplon and Sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no.649", "cop": 1, "opa": "albe hoffman", "opb": "delay and deniker", "opc": "John F Cade", "opd": "Egaz Moniz", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance abuse", "id": "10f7eb85-ebda-4224-bb87-18914bc64576", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Kleine Levine syndrome is", "exp": "Kleine Levin syndrome- is the best-recognized recurrent hypersomnia. It afflicts males in early adolescence. In its classic form, the recurrent episodes are associated with a) extreme sleepiness (18- to 20-hour sleep periods) b) voracious eating, c)hypersexuality, d) disinhibition (e.g., aggression). Episodes typically last for a few days up to several weeks and appear once to ten times per year. A monosymptomatic hypersomnolent form can occur. Reference: P 2161 chap. 20 Sleep Disorders(Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th Edition)", "cop": 4, "opa": "Insomnia", "opb": "Depression", "opc": "Anxiety", "opd": "Hypersomnia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "5a31613f-0530-446a-bcf1-8f09e997687c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Non sedating Antidepressant is", "exp": "A i.e. Fluoxetine", "cop": 1, "opa": "Fluoxetine", "opb": "Mianserine", "opc": "Amoxaprine", "opd": "Imipramine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "e4a3dbd5-a4fe-467c-9255-c16295197ea2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Bad Prognostic factor for Schizophrenia is", "exp": "A i.e. Late onset of diseaseAbsence of family history, Presence of depression and catatonic subtype are definitely good prognostic factors. And here Late onset does not mean onset after 35 years, which is a good prognostic factor. Here late onset means insidious onset, which is a bad prognostic factor.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Late onset of disease", "opb": "Catatonia", "opc": "Presence of depression", "opd": "Absence of family history", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "4c6b8f16-2bdd-484d-93dd-c658a19269a9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Term Psychiatry was coined by", "exp": "Reil, Johann Christian (1759-1820) : Coined the Term Psychiatry Special Mention- Founded the 1st psychiatric journal Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no.244", "cop": 2, "opa": "Moral", "opb": "Johann reil", "opc": "Eugen Bleuler", "opd": "Phillipe Pinel", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Cognitive development and defence mechanism", "id": "7ea90ccb-4bd3-4a90-a70b-991325124ecb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Early morning awakening and reduced latency of REM sleep is suggestive of", "exp": "Disturbance of biological functions is common in depression, with insomnia (or sometimes increased sleep), loss of appetite and weight (or sometimes hyperphagia and weight gain), and loss of sexual drive. The somatic syndrome in depression is characterised by: a. A significant decrease in appetite or weight b. Early morning awakening, at least 2 (or more) hours before the usual time of awakening c. Diurnal variation, with depression being worst in the morning d. Pervasive loss of interest and loss of reactivity to pleasurable stimuli e. Psychomotor agitation or retardation. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no.72", "cop": 2, "opa": "Delirium", "opb": "Depression", "opc": "Schizophrenia", "opd": "Anxiety", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood disorders", "id": "7d2012ed-7fa3-4074-ba55-6fb26f11656a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Therapeutic dose of Lithium is", "exp": "(B) 0.8-1.2 mEq/lit # BLOOD LITHIUM LEVELS:> Therapeutic levels = 0.8-1.2 mEq/L For treatment of acute mania> Prophylactic levels = 0.6-1.2 mEq/L For relapse prevention in bipolar disorders> Toxic Lithium Levels > 2.0 mEq/L", "cop": 2, "opa": "l-2mEq/lit", "opb": "0.8-1.2 mEq/lit", "opc": "0.3-0.6 mEq/lit", "opd": "2-3 mEq/lit", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "f86b6558-eb70-43d2-903b-01ed759da03b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug of choice for rapid cycles of bipolar disorder is", "exp": "LITHIUM is the drug of choice for EUPHORIC MANIA VALPROATE is the drug of choice for RAPID CYCLING DISORDER LAMOTRIGINE is the drug of choice for bipolar depression Valproate is the drug used mainly for rapid cyclers-more than 4 episodes of psychosis or depression in one yr Atypical antipsychotics -DOC -for acute mania Ref: Essentials of postgraduate psychiatry By JN Vyas 1st ed Pg 620", "cop": 1, "opa": "Valproate", "opb": "Lithium", "opc": "Haloperidol", "opd": "Chlorpromazine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood disorders", "id": "74fe4ca3-7c5c-4cfe-8115-836f52c2bc15", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Treatment of choice in depression with sucidal tendencies", "exp": "D i.e. ECT", "cop": 4, "opa": "TCA", "opb": "MAO-Inhibitiors", "opc": "Fluoxetine+TCA+MAO-Inhibitor", "opd": "Electro convulsive therapy", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "072c9440-e35a-4628-b809-058000dbbafd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "La belle indifference is seen in", "exp": "A i.e. Conversion reactionLa belle indifferenceQ is in-appropiate attitude of calm or lack of concern about one's disability. It is seen in conversion (dissociative) disorderQ (but not specific), physical illness etc.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Conversion Reaction", "opb": "Schizophrenia", "opc": "Mania", "opd": "Depression", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "2bdddc44-52f3-4e7e-9355-3f60c4424d7c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug of choice for Narcolepsy", "exp": "Modafinil is a wakefullness promoting drug,used in the treatment of Narcolepsy.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Modafinil", "opb": "Sildenafil", "opc": "Disulfiram", "opd": "Dexemedotimidine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "6252b790-c8a6-4ce4-8658-22ba5fc5b94b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Hysteria is characterized by", "exp": "C i.e. Indifference to suffering- Flight of ideas & Pressure speech are features of Mania. Autism is found in Schizophrenia (Bleuler's 4-A)- La -Belle-Indifference : It is lack of concern towards the symptoms despite severe disability. It is found in Hysteria (Conversion Disorder)Q, Paial lobe lesion, Multiple Sclerosis, Dissociative DisorderQ, Physical illness.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Flight of ideas", "opb": "Pressure on speech", "opc": "Indifferene to suffering", "opd": "Autistic Thinking", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "0608809c-d4ab-48cd-bdc1-4529fa788192", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "a patient had pre mature ejaculation and was staed on SSRI with a sho half life", "exp": "SSRI * IMPOANCE Most widely prescribed antidepressant * MECHANISM Specifically acts on serotonin transpoers and increases serotonin in synapse. DRUGS FLUOXETINE FLUVOXAMINE DAPOXETINE CITALOPRAM ESCITALOPRAM ESCITALOPRAM SERALINE PAROXETINE USE FLUOXETINE=============CHILDHOOD DEPRESSION FLUVOXAMINE===========OCD DAPOXETINE==============PME ESCITALOPRAM===========HEA SAFE, PATHOLOGICAL EMOTIONS PAROXETINE=========SEDATING, PANIC DISORDER IMPULSE CONTROL DISORDERS PME PARAPHILIA SIDE EFFECTS Paradoxical SUICIDE, this is a type of suicide where an antidepressant used to treat depression and decrease suicide increase the chance of suicidal attempt ( IT'S A PARADOX). The explanation that is given is SSRI initially activates the patient and decreases fatigue, thus patients with low mood and suicidal ideas will have more energy to act on the ideas. GIT- thus it should not be given in an empty stomach SD- delays ejaculation. This mechanism is used for its prescription in patients with premature ejaculation ANXIETY INSOMNIA Ref. kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 955", "cop": 4, "opa": "escitalopram", "opb": "fluoxetine", "opc": "citalopram", "opd": "dapoxetine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Pharmacotherapy in psychiatry", "id": "f3dae4a5-90c3-42c8-acda-715a85764419", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Otto Veraguth sign is found in", "exp": "D i.e. Depression", "cop": 4, "opa": "Mania", "opb": "Anxiety", "opc": "OCD", "opd": "Depression", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "917ede42-cedc-49b2-88dd-981b5eb71190", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Phobia is defined as", "exp": "Phobia is defined as an irrational fear of a specific object, situation or activity, often leading o persistent avoidance of the feared object, situation or activity. Common types Agoraphobia Social phobia Specific phobia (Ref: A sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja,7th edition, pg no 92)", "cop": 2, "opa": "Palpitation on thinking about a definite entity", "opb": "Excessive unreasonable fear about a specific situation", "opc": "Perception without stimulation", "opd": "Altered perception", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Anxiety disorders stress disorders and grief", "id": "e34dbda7-10fd-4089-88f3-29d3e781afce", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Biochemical abnormalities in schizophenia", "exp": "Biochemical Theories Schizophrenia is presently thought to be probably due to a functional increase of dopamine at the postsynaptic receptor, though other neurotransmitters such as serotonin (especially 5-HT2 receptors), GABA and acetylcholine are also presumably involved. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 63", "cop": 2, "opa": "Increased dopamine", "opb": "Increased dopamine and increased serotonin", "opc": "Decreased dopamine", "opd": "Decreased dopamine and decreased serotonin", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders", "id": "0d83f6d1-b3cf-450d-888d-bc0ce3154d19", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug of choice for rapid cycling MDP is", "exp": "C i.e. Sodium Valproate Rapid Cycling MDP - The patient must have at least 4 episodes within 12 months of mood disturbance (that meet criteria of major depressive, manic, hypomanic or mixed episode). - It is usually due to use of conventional antidepressant especially tricyclic & presence of hypothyroidism. So antidepressants are better avoided but antipsychotics may be used.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Lithium", "opb": "Carbamazepine", "opc": "Sodium valporate", "opd": "Haloperidol", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "e136b65b-de48-4b56-acff-e9670cb292bc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The eponymus Trisomy 18 is", "exp": "(D) Edward's syndrome EXAMPLES OF CHROMOSOMAL DISORDERSChromosomesResult2n (46, XX)Normal female2n (46, XY)Normal maleNUMERICAL ABNORMALITIESTriploidy (3n), tetraploidy (4n)Spontaneous abortionParthenogenesis (2n from same parent)Spontaneous abortionAneuploidy (2n + specific chromosome) Trisomy 21 (47, XY,+21)Down's syndrome (characteristic facies, IQ usually < 50, congenital heart disease, reduced life expectancy)Trisomy 18 (47, XY, +18)Edwards'syndrome (characteristic skull and facies, frequent malformations of heart, kidney and other organs)Trisomy 13(47, XY,+13)Patau's syndrome (cleft lip and palate, polydactyly, small head, frequent congenital heart disease)Sex Chromosome Aneuploidies Phenotypically male 47, XXYKlinefelter's syndrome (infertility, gynaecomastia, small testes)47, XYYXYY male (usually asymptomatic, often tall)Phenotypically female 47, XXXTrisomy X (usually asymptomatic, 20% mentally handicapped)45, X0Turner's syndrome (short stature, webbed neck, primary amenorrhoea)STRUCTURAL CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONSInherited 46, XY, del(5p)Cri du chat syndrome, deletion of short arm of chromosome 545, XY,t(14;21)Fusion of 14 and 21, no essential chromosomal material lost (NORMAL, but balanced carrier of abnormal chromosome)46, XY, t(14;21)Fused 14;21 chromosome has segregated into gamete with normal chromosome 21, and fertilisation has generated trisomy 21 (Down's syndrome)AcquiredOccur in over 50% of haematological malignancies; also common in other neoplastic cells46, XY, t(9,22)Philadelphia chromosome (chronic myeloid leukaemia)46, XY, t(2,8) or t(8,14) or t(8,22)Burkitt's lymphoma", "cop": 4, "opa": "Cri du chat syndrome", "opb": "Patau's syndrome", "opc": "Down's syndrome", "opd": "Edward's syndrome", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "00b6bd07-5d35-48f6-9d5c-062e9cde5fd9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Phobia is a type of", "exp": "In ICD-10, neurosis, stress-related and somatoform disorders have been classified into the following types: Phobic anxiety disorders Other anxiety disorders Obsessive-compulsive disorders (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja,7th edition, pg no 89)", "cop": 2, "opa": "Psychosis", "opb": "Neurosis", "opc": "Mania", "opd": "Depression", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Anxiety disorders stress disorders and grief", "id": "24ab5dfe-5b8b-4e0a-8878-09c379a24d16", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drugs used in Heroin withdrawl are A/E", "exp": "D i.e. Haloperidol", "cop": 4, "opa": "Buprenorphine", "opb": "Clonidine", "opc": "Dextropropoxyphene", "opd": "Haloperidol", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "ba6d592d-6bd5-4086-9be3-07b4a2d675d2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common delusional disorder in male", "exp": "What is a Delusion DELUSION - * false fixed firm belief, * subjective ceainity, * compelling counterargument, * impervious to other experiences and * outside socio cultural and educational background How is delusional disorder different from schizophrenia * Age of onset=====40's * They don't have hallucinations * Duration criteria for diagnosing delusional disorder is 3 months when compared to 1 month in schizophrenia * No socio occupational detion apa from the delusion Epidemiology SS 0.3%======Delusional disorder 1%========schizophrenia SS 5%======mood disorder Most common SS M.C type of delusional disorder in Men =========paranoid SS M.C type of delusional disorder in Female========erotomanic Ref. Kaplon and Sadock, Synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, 335", "cop": 3, "opa": "persecutory", "opb": "grandiose", "opc": "erotomanic", "opd": "jealousy", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Symptoms and signs in psychiatry and classification", "id": "4f5beb3c-3ed6-497c-be64-e36a9c8da912", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A person developing hatredness towards his brother starts, overcaring him and brings gifts to him.This is an example of", "exp": "Reaction formation is a neurotic defense mechanism where an individual transforms his feelings into exact opposite.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Sublimation", "opb": "Passive aggression", "opc": "Reaction formation", "opd": "Dissociation", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "bb8ba5e0-350b-4915-855f-c222f23ddd7e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Narcolepsy is due to abnormality in", "exp": "Narcolepsy is the prototypical example of sleepiness produced by a basic CNS dysfunction of sleep mechanisms. The etiology stems from a genetically triggered Hypocretin dysfunction and deficit. It is apparent that the hypocretin system plays a critical role in narcolepsy. The Hypocretin producing cell bodies are specific to Hypothalamus and have widespread anatomical projections. Ref: Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11e, pg 548. Ebrahim IO, Howard RS et al. The Hypocretin/ Orexin system. J R Soc Med, 2002 May, 95(5), 227-30.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Hypothalamus", "opb": "Neocoex", "opc": "Cerebellum", "opd": "Medulla oblongata", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Sleep disorders and eating disorders", "id": "4adf6142-51de-4b7f-ad18-dac76b057f16", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Antipsychotic drug with maximum hypotensive effect is", "exp": "low potency antipsychotics like thioridazine and chlorpromazine are associated with lot of systemic side effects as mentioned in the below table. They have side effects like hypotension, sedation, giddiness, dryness of mouth and cardiac side effects. High potency has lot of neurological side effects. Ref.Kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 972", "cop": 3, "opa": "Fluphenazine", "opb": "Trifluperazine", "opc": "Thioridazine", "opd": "Haloperidol", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Pharmacotherapy in psychiatry", "id": "bd8c5395-a46b-4746-8225-cbf91591bd0f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A man hits his neighbour. Next day he feels that police is behind him and his brain is being controlled by radio waves by his neighbour. The probable diagnosis is", "exp": "This patient:-\n\n\nExperiences that he is being persecuted against (police are behind him, he hits the neighbours) —>Delusion of persecution.\nExperiences that his actions are under the control of some external force (as his brain is being controlled by radio-waves) Passivity phenomenon.\n\n\"Delusion of persecution may occur in the context of primary delusional experiences, auditory hallucinations,\nbodily hallucinations or experiences of passivity\". _____________________ Fish's clinical psychopathology\n\nImportance of history of hitting the neighbour:-\n\n\"Patient with persecutory delusions are often associated with quarrelousness and angel, and the individual who\nacts out his or her anger may at times be assaultive or even homicidal\". ______________ Kaplan & Sadock's", "cop": 3, "opa": "Thought insertion", "opb": "Passivity feeling", "opc": "Delusion of persecution", "opd": "Obscessive compulsive disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "da2cc1b2-cff3-48c1-bff6-fc002afa8d74", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Normal IQ is", "exp": "IQ ranges of 70-80 Boderlline deficiency 80-90 dullness 90-110 normal/ average intelligence 110-120 superior intelliegnce 120-140 very superior intelligence >140 genius Ref: Wikipedia.", "cop": 4, "opa": "45", "opb": "85", "opc": "65", "opd": "100", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Child psychiatry", "id": "6fd6fbeb-c795-4bd8-bab7-1148755718d1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "\"8 stages of psychosocial development\" were given by", "exp": "Erik erikson gave 8 stages of psychosocial / personality development where an individual experience psychological conflict in each stage.\nRoger Sperry: Gave concept of \"Split - brain\".", "cop": 3, "opa": "Sigmond Freud", "opb": "Carl Jung", "opc": "Erik erikson", "opd": "Roger Sperry", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "bb82d5b5-922b-4ac3-8019-2f6b8caabbef", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A clinical sign of mania is", "exp": "Mania this disorder tends to occur in episodes which last 3-4months, followed by complete recovery. There is a flight of ideas(rapidly produced speech with abrupt shifts from topic to topic, using external environmental cues. Typically the connections between the shifts are apparent). When the flight becomes severe, incoherence may occur. A less severe and a more ordered flight in the absence of pressure of speech is called prolixity (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th edition,p g no.70)", "cop": 4, "opa": "Neologism", "opb": "Perseveration", "opc": "Echolalia", "opd": "Flight of ideas", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood disorders", "id": "6d68e1b8-6afe-4cb4-b4a3-5ac138cd4270", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Shortest acting non benzodiazepine sedative is", "exp": "Zaleplon is the shortest acting among the other 3 'Z' compounds given above.\nMidazolam is the shortest acting sedtive among all the Benzodiazepines.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Zolpidem", "opb": "Zopiclone", "opc": "Zaleplon", "opd": "Midazolam", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "fe778774-bb52-4c96-bfb8-f7c3a21e3b7a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Oedipus complex is seen in", "exp": "Sigmund freud gave Psychosexual stages of development. It includes Oral (upto 18 months), Anal (1 to 3 years), Phallic (3 to 5 years), Latency (5-6 to 11 -13 years) & Genital (11-13 to young adulthood) phases. Oedipus complex is seen in Phallic phase. The analogous thing in girls is Electra complex. Ref: Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11e, pg 158, 160.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Girls of 1-3 years of age", "opb": "Boys of 1-3 years of age", "opc": "Girls of 3-5 years of age", "opd": "Boys of 3-5 years of age", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Child psychiatry", "id": "1da9fa69-5c1b-47c8-887d-605aaa8b19c0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug of choice for rapid cyclers is", "exp": "Sodium valproate is the drug of choice for rapid cyclers.\nRapid cyclers has 4 or more than 4 episodes of mania, depression or hypomania in 1 year.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Lithium", "opb": "Sodium valproate", "opc": "Carbamazepine", "opd": "Amitryptaline", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "4fc5d981-f4df-4ff8-942e-f2fcd66ea9ab", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A component of conversion disorder is", "exp": "ICD 10 includes conversion disorders under dissociative disorders,\nhowever, traditionally conversion disorders are known as hysteria Conversion disorder may present with\n1. Hysterical fits\n2. Motor symptoms like abnormal movements and gait disturbance or inability to move\n3. Sensory symptoms like Blindness but walks and doesn't injure himself Tubular vision Glove stocking anesthesia Loss of sensation (not dermatomal)", "cop": 1, "opa": "Hystericfits", "opb": "Derealisation", "opc": "Depersonaiisation", "opd": "Amnesia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "eb8c0d33-d4ab-4c73-b081-d3c16c4333dd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Topographical theory of mind was given by", "exp": "Sigmund freud gave both structural & topographical theories of mind.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Adler", "opb": "Carl Jung", "opc": "Sigmund freud", "opd": "Emil kraepin", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "082b1293-0ca8-4ed3-9281-c269b1b90d07", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug of choice in delirium tremens is", "exp": "The drugs of choice for alcoholic detoxification are usually benzodiazepines. Chlordiazepoxide (80-200 mg/day in divided doses) and diazepam (40-80 mg/day in divided doses) are the most frequently used benzodiazepines. The higher limit of the normal dose range is used in delirium tremens. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no.40", "cop": 3, "opa": "CPZ", "opb": "Phenytoin", "opc": "Chlordiazepoxide", "opd": "Morphine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance abuse", "id": "98e69aa6-af36-4949-8f3c-4f46aa00e548", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Delusion is not seen in", "exp": "Delusion is psychotic symptom, can be associated with schizophrenia, depression with psychotic symptoms, mania with psychotic symptoms. anxiety disorder is a type of neurosis here the patients will have insight they will present with palpitations, breathlessness, ruminations, worries, distress and fear of impending doom. Diagnostic criteria for Severe Depression with psychotic symptoms: A severe depressive episode which meets the criteria given for severe depressive episode without psychotic symptoms and in which delusions, hallucinations, or depressive stupor are present. The delusions usually involve ideas of sin, povey, or imminent disasters, responsibility for which may be assumed by the patient. Reference: ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1992", "cop": 2, "opa": "Depression", "opb": "Anxiety", "opc": "Schizophrenia", "opd": "Mania", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Symptoms and signs in psychiatry and classification", "id": "edfee157-a46e-4d7b-ae7a-af91cd58b662", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Formication is seen", "exp": "Formication - also know as magnan phenomenon or cocaine bugs it is tactile type of hallucination seen in cocaine intoxication Jet black pigmentation - also seen in cocaine Flashback phenomenon / run amok / amotivational syndrome - seen in cannabis Flu like syndrome (water from everywhere - lacrimation, sweating, rhinorrhea and diarrhea) seen in opioids withdrawal", "cop": 2, "opa": "Cannabis", "opb": "Cocaine", "opc": "Opioids", "opd": "Ecstasy", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance Related and Addictive Disorders", "id": "22e71cf0-8865-4747-8e15-382a23fbe181", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Treatment of choice for Nocturnal enuresis is", "exp": "Behavioral therapy like using alarms is the treatment of choice for Nocturnal enuresis.\nDesmopressin is the drug of choice for Nocturnal enuresis although Imipramine and Oxybutynin are also used.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Oxybutynin", "opb": "Imipramine", "opc": "Desmopressin", "opd": "Behavioral therapy", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "eaf929bc-cdac-4cd4-bff9-2feff559dc61", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Treatment is not required in withdrawal of", "exp": "D i.e. LSD", "cop": 4, "opa": "Cannabis", "opb": "Alcohol", "opc": "Amphetamine", "opd": "LSD", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "843c45ce-65da-45a1-81d4-1d51fe29dbea", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Poor prognostic factor in schizophrenia is", "exp": "Gradual onset", "cop": 4, "opa": "Acute onset", "opb": "Middle age", "opc": "Family history of affective disorder", "opd": "Gradual onset", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "2d185e19-abd6-48f6-9aea-240c0b2fb537", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Loss of insight is seen", "exp": "D i.e. Schizophrenia", "cop": 4, "opa": "Hysteria", "opb": "Anxiety", "opc": "OCN", "opd": "Schizophrenia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "dc516dd3-1cc6-469c-9713-ac66bb331abe", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Persistent belief of medical illness despite adequate investigation is", "exp": "(A) Hypochondriasis > Hypochondriasis is a persistant preoccupation with fear or belief of having disease, based on persons own interpretation of normal body function or minor physical abnormality.> This preoccupation persists despite repeated reassurance based on appropriate clinical examination and thorough investigation.> The patient in question is persistently preoccupied about her disease (headache) despite of all normal investigations and seeks another consultation as she still insists that there is something wrong in her head.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Hypochondriasis", "opb": "Delusional disorder", "opc": "Factitious disorder", "opd": "conversion disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "42b24c65-bf81-4a33-8ed2-f1ff0d371145", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Delirium tremens is seen in", "exp": "Delirium tremens Delirium tremens (DT) is the most severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome. It occurs usually within 2-4 days of complete or significant abstinence from heavy alcohol drinking in about 5% of patients, as compared to acute tremulousness which occurs in about 34% of patients. The course is sho, with recovery occurring within 3-7 days. This is an acute organic brain syndrome (delirium) with characteristic features of: i. Clouding of consciousness with disorientation in time and place. ii. Poor attention span and distractibility. iii. Visual (and also auditory) hallucinations and illusions, which are often vivid and very frightening. Tactile hallucinations of insects crawling over the body may occur. iv. Marked autonomic disturbance with tachycardia, fever, hypeension, sweating and pupillary dilatation. v. Psychomotor agitation and ataxia. vi. Insomnia, with a reversal of sleep-wake pattern. vii. Dehydration with electrolyte imbalance. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 38", "cop": 1, "opa": "Alcohol withdrawal", "opb": "Alcohol overdoses", "opc": "Morphine poisoning", "opd": "Atropine poisoning", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance abuse", "id": "d44bd0f6-0767-4a6e-af9f-9465abb521df", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug for premature ejaculation", "exp": "Over the past one or two decades, clinical investigators have paicipated in an increasing number of studies that are helping in our understanding of Pre Mature Ejaculation, which will undoubtedly facilitate future treatments. Apa from a number of behavioral approaches, the treatment of PE consists of primarily off-label use of oral selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) either on-demand or daily delivery. However, various undesirable side-effects of these medications have led researchers to search for and develop new therapeutic approaches for Pre Mature Ejaculation. Dapoxetine is a sho-acting SSRI developed specifically for the treatment of Pre Mature Ejaculation. Early trials with dapoxetine have documented successful outcomes without serious sho- or long-term side-effects. Ref: Dapoxetine, a novel SSRI for the treatment of pre mature ejaculation. Ther Clinc Risk Manag, 2007 Jun 3(2): 277-89.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Dapoxetine", "opb": "Chlorpromazine", "opc": "Citalopram", "opd": "Escitalopram", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Sleep disorders and eating disorders", "id": "3fed3383-fd38-4bf7-87eb-c6c873a1ffa5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "ECT is not useful in treatment of", "exp": "A i.e. Chronic schizophrenia", "cop": 1, "opa": "Chronic Schizophrenia", "opb": "Catatonic Schizophrenia", "opc": "Endogenous depression", "opd": "Acute psychosis", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "961a0778-ec51-48d2-b551-108eb622cd17", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug of choice for Obscessive Compulsive Disorder", "exp": "B i.e. fluoxetine", "cop": 2, "opa": "Imipramine", "opb": "Flouxetine", "opc": "Nor tryptiline", "opd": "Clomipramine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "97dbcedb-dc20-43f8-97f8-712713a31240", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Mania is a", "exp": "According to ICD-10 mood disorders are classified as Manic episodes Depressive episodes Bipolar mood disorder Recurrent depressive disorder Persistent mood disorder Other mood disorders (including mixed effective episodes and recurrent brief depressive disorder) (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th edition, pg no.69)", "cop": 1, "opa": "Mood disorder", "opb": "Psychological Disorder", "opc": "Obsessive disorder", "opd": "Neurotic disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood disorders", "id": "09ff664b-1c49-48cf-87a4-18c366058e82", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Delusion is not present in", "exp": "D i.e. Compulsive disorder", "cop": 4, "opa": "Delirium", "opb": "Mania", "opc": "Depression", "opd": "Compulsive disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "7279c815-aa99-444e-80d4-417fc395233d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A young lady is present with history of repeated episodes of overeating followed by purging using laxatives, she is probably suffering from", "exp": "Bulimia Nervosa Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder charac terised by the following clinical features: 1. Bulimia nervosa usually has an onset in early teens or adolescence. 2. There is an intense fear of becoming obese. There may be an earlier history of anorexia nervosa. 3. There is usually body-image disturbance and the person is unable to perceive own body size accurately. 4. There is a persistent preoccupation with eating, and an irresistible craving for food. There are episodes of overeating in which large amounts of food are consumed within sho periods of time (eating binges). 5. There are attempts to 'counteract' the effects of overeating by one or more of the following: selfinduced vomiting, purgative abuse, periods of starvation, and/or use of drugs such as appetite suppressants. 6. No known medical illness is present which can account for the disorder. 7. Absence of any other primary psychiatric disorder. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no.144", "cop": 1, "opa": "Bulimia nervosa", "opb": "Schizophrenia", "opc": "Anorexia nervosa", "opd": "Benign eating disorders", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Sleep disorders and eating disorders", "id": "1ad5c5d6-7e55-4732-b2d3-bce2e7fc7eeb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The term 'schizophrenia' was coined by", "exp": "Coined The Term Eugen Bleuler Schizophrenia Sigmund Freud Free association,Oedipus Complex,Penis Envy, Repression,Psychoanalysis Hecker Hebephrenia Johann Christian Reil Father of Psychiatry", "cop": 1, "opa": "Eugene Bleuler", "opb": "Sigmund Freud", "opc": "Hecker", "opd": "Johann christian reil", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders", "id": "82611616-0b30-47d2-9c93-20d176b58388", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Feeling of creeping insects is seen in", "exp": "D i.e. Cocaine abuse", "cop": 4, "opa": "Alcohol withdrawl", "opb": "Lead Poisoning", "opc": "Schizophrenia", "opd": "Cocaine abuse", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "5ce97c67-f61f-489c-a1cb-908afcfc06c8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Reduced latency of REM sleep is a feature of", "exp": "Reduced latency of REM is typically seen in depression Insomnia and early morning wakening is also seen Ref: Essentials of postgraduate psychiatry By JN Vyas 1st ed Pg 604-607", "cop": 2, "opa": "Schizophrenia", "opb": "Depression", "opc": "Insomnia", "opd": "Narcolepsy", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood disorders", "id": "fd938ee9-412d-40b5-8038-20e0dee51942", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Duration needed to diagnose hypomania is", "exp": "Symptoms of elevated mood should be present for 4 days to diagnose as hypomania.", "cop": 2, "opa": "1 day", "opb": "4 day", "opc": "1 week", "opd": "2 weeks", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "0ef431f3-5905-4777-b5e1-9e9dd9178920", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Formication and delusion of persecution occurs together in aEUR'", "exp": "Cocaine psychosis (Ref. Nimboodiri 3/e p. 334; Essentials of clinical psychiatry 4/e p. 580] This question is tricky one as tactile hallucination (fornication) and delusion of persecution are seen both in cocaine as well as amphetamine abuse. Read the question carefully, examinor has asked about the presence of formication and delusion of persecution together. In amphetamine abuse these two do not occur together - Fornication (tactile hallucination) is seen in Chronic abuse. - Paranoid ideation (delusion of persecution) Acute intoxication. occurs in On the other hand both delusion of persecution and formication are seen together in chronic cocaine abuse. \"Cocaine abuse can present with auditory hallucinations, tactile hallucination including fornication andparanoid delusion (delusion of persecution\". -BK Puri 3/e 356", "cop": 3, "opa": ">Cocaine", "opb": ">Amphetamine", "opc": ">Cannabis", "opd": ">LSD", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "5c5a180c-9b36-40a1-b3dd-bcc68fdcc13a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Disulfiram is a type of", "exp": "Disulfiram inhibits Aldehyde dehyrogenase enzyme and leads to accumulation of Acetaldehyde resulting in aversive symptoms.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Aversion therapy", "opb": "Anticraving therapy", "opc": "Detoxification", "opd": "Opioid management therapy", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "5b956614-2df7-4084-91a4-37f71b18ce00", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Pfropf's Schizophrenia", "exp": "Pfropf's Schizophrenia is Schizophrenia seen in children.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Schizophrenia in professors", "opb": "Schizophrenia in children", "opc": "Schizophrenia in patients", "opd": "Schizophrenia in doctors", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "302b5362-c0b5-4b88-b47d-6bce3943b50f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": ".Erotomania means", "exp": "there are several named delusions delusion of love is called as De clerambult syndrome this is also called as delusion of love * EROTOMANIC o ALSO KNOWN AS * Declerambault syndrome * Psychose passionelle o RISK * Stalkers * Risk of homicide PRESENTATION Female from a lower socio-economic class would feel that a male celebrity is in love with her The initial proposal is from the male side The so-called paners would not have communicated in person at all Patient might feel that the perceived paner would send hidden messages that is known only to her Ref.kaplon and Sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, Pg.No.333", "cop": 1, "opa": "delusion of love", "opb": "delusion of dobles", "opc": "delusion of persecution", "opd": "delusion of nihilism", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders", "id": "4f0d1d9b-64a8-440c-ae69-c4b3b7d819c0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Confabulation is seen in", "exp": "Wernickes encephalopathyis a triad of GLOBAL CONFUSION, OPHTHALMOPLEGIA AND ATAXIA It is due to deficiency of thiamine It is 100% reversible Most impoant symptom needed for the diagnosis is confusion If the patients wernickes encephalopathy is not trated it would result in koraskoff's psychosis koraskoff's psychosis is a misnomer it is associated with confabulation that is fluent plausible lying, where the patient fills up with memory gaps with information and she is not aware that wat is she is saying is not truth Reference: Kaplon and sadock, 11 th edition, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 624", "cop": 3, "opa": "Mania", "opb": "Depression", "opc": "Alcoholism", "opd": "Delirium", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "306d8b59-a166-4634-9964-7a480f09df25", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Thoughts in mind with rhyming rather than with meaning of thoughts is", "exp": "Clang association: Association or speech directed by the sound of a word rather than by its meaning; words have no logical connection. Circumstantiality: Disturbance in the associative thought and speech processes in which a patient digresses into unnecessary details and inappropriate thoughts before communicating the central idea. Flight of ideas: Rapid succession of fragmentary thoughts or speech in which content changes abruptly and speech may be incoherent. Perseveration: Pathological repetition of the same response to different stimuli, as in a repetition of the same verbal response to different questions. Reference: Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of psychiatry, 11th edition, pages 1409,1412,1415.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Flight of ideas", "opb": "Perseveration", "opc": "Circumstantiality", "opd": "Clang association", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Symptoms and signs in psychiatry and classification", "id": "3df9fafb-c1c6-47eb-8d41-739776e28cca", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Fixation of anal phase of Psychosexual stage of development can lead to", "exp": "Anal phase (1.5-3 years) child derives pleasure by holding and releasing faeces.\nArrest or fixation of this stage can lead to obsessive compulsive disorder in future.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Anxiety disorders", "opb": "Depression", "opc": "Obsessive compulsive disorder", "opd": "Schizophrenia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "430c2a05-6707-4392-94e5-acde06179680", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "positive reinforcrmrnt was given by", "exp": "Behavioral therapy is learning given by BF Skinner , according to him all behaviors are learned phenomenon and thus can be unlearned Positive reinforcement a type of reinforcement when a behavior is rewarded there is more chance that the behavior is repeated Negative reinforcement is that when a behavior is done and an aversive response is removed, the behavior is repeated. When I go and meet my girlfriend, she checks my messages and picks up fight (aversive response) suddenly I delete all messages one day and that day there was no fight (no aversive response) then that behavior is repeated (delete all messages before meeting my girlfriend) Extinction is the type of reinforcement where a behavior is done and a rewarding response is removed the chance is that behavior will not be repeated A child likes to play with children( reward) but when the child fights with other children( undesirable behavior) the child will be removed from playing( removing a reward) , then the child stops fighting with other children( reduction of undesirable behaviour) Ref. kaplon and sadock synopsis, 11 th edition, pg no. 845", "cop": 2, "opa": "lorenz", "opb": "B F skinner", "opc": "seligman", "opd": "abraham maslow", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Treatment in psychiatry", "id": "4237d85a-9f8c-4def-b38b-71bc76053ba8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "EEG pattern of person at rest with eyes closed", "exp": "Ans, is 'a' i.e., Alpha Beta (b) waveAlpha (a) waveTheta waveDelta waveRecorded fronry'seen ino From parietal & frontal region during specific activation of these parts of braino Seen in drowsiness & children and patients awake, at rest with eyes open.o Recorded from parieto occipital regiono Seen in almost all normal adults when they are awake and in quiet resting state of cerebrationo Seen in awake patient at rest with mind wandering and eyes closed.o Seen in hippocampuso In parietal and temporal region of normal children &drowsiness, emotional stress in adults especially disappointment and frustration.Seen in very deep NREM sleep & infant,serious organic brain disease, in subcortical transactions separating the ceberal cortex from thalamus.Frequency>14 Hz8-13 Hzo 4-7 Hzo 3-5 Hz (min.)AmplitudeLow amplitudeo High amplitudeo High amplitudeo Large amplitude (Max)Voltage o 50 micro volts (usually) to 100 o 2 to 4 times greater than most other types", "cop": 1, "opa": "Alpha", "opb": "Beta", "opc": "Gamma", "opd": "Delta", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Normal Sleep", "id": "e259c3a5-2292-451b-a287-38d4ef11b68b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The following is not an atypical antipsychotic", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.e. Thioridazine The most important distinction in modem day classification of antipsychotic drug is between the classical agents (typical) agents such as chlorpromazine, haloperidol and Zuclopenthixol and the atypical antipsychotics which include clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine and quetiapine.The atypical antipsychotics are \"atypical\" in their mode of action and adverse effect profile.Classical antipsychoticsAtypical antipsychotics* Acts by blocking D2 receptors* Usually do not act on D2 receptors* Highly likely to cause extra-pyramidal* Acts on 5HT2, muscarinic acetylcholinesymptomreceptors and 0 3/4 adrenoceptors * Extrapyramidal symptoms less commonExamples PhenothiazinesExamples- Chlorpromazine- Clozapine- Thioridazine- Sulpiride- Trifluoperazine- Olanzapine- Fluphenazine- RisperidoneButyrophenones- Ziprasidone- Trifluperidol- Sertindole- Droperidol- Ami sulpiride- Penfluridol Thioxanthene - Thiothixene - Flupenthixol Others - Pimozide - Reserpine", "cop": 1, "opa": "Thioridazine", "opb": "Clozapine", "opc": "Olanzapine", "opd": "Resperidone", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Pharmacotherapy Management of Children and Adolescents", "id": "d7f4f29c-0148-4f2e-81e8-de73e5921f2f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Z track technique is used for", "exp": "Ans. (C) Administration of long acting depot antipsychotics(Ref: Kaplan and Sadock's Concise Text book of Clinical Psychiatry 11th Ed; Page No- 873)Guidelines for Administration of Long Acting Antipsychotic Depot Injections (LAAI)LAAIs are given to patient with psychosis or mania who have poor compliance to oral treatment.A test dose is given for all drugs except olanzapine, risperidone, paliperidone and aripiprazole.Route of administration is by intramuscular route with maximum permissible volume as given below.Deltoid2 mlDorsogluteal4 mlVentrogluteal (Safest site)4 mlRectus femoris5 mlVastus lateralis5 mlZ track technique is used for injection into all sites, except deltoid. The skin is stretched laterally from the intended site of injection and then insert the needle at 90deg angle. After 10 seconds of injecting the drug, skin is released to allow the displaced tissue to cover the needle track. It is done to maximize absorption in to muscles by preventing the drug from moving back to subcutaneous tissue.Z track technique is also used to inject iron.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Monitoring of lithium therapy", "opb": "Monitoring of carbamazepine therapy", "opc": "Administration of long acting depot antipsychotics", "opd": "Administration of nicotine patches", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Pharmacotherapy In Psychiatry", "id": "d88b9608-9ff4-4def-bcab-6e9a852f7b75", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Wernicke&;s encephalopathy involves", "exp": "Wernicke's encephalopathy : The neuropathological lesions are symmetrical and paraventricular, involving the mammillary bodies, the thalamus, the hypothalamus, the midbrain, the pons, the medulla, the fornix, and the cerebellum. Ref: Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11th edition, page 632.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Mammillary body", "opb": "Thalamus", "opc": "Frontal lobe", "opd": "Arcuate fasciculus", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance abuse", "id": "b74d5aca-2c9f-42ed-8184-98c465b7ac61", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Ganser syndrome is a feature of", "exp": "Dissociative Disorders Ganser's syndrome ( hysterical pseudodementia) is commonly found in prison inmates. The characteristic feature is vorbeireden, which is also called as 'approximate answers'. The answers are wrong but show that the person understands the nature of the question asked. For example; when asked the colour of a red pen, the patient calls it blue. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 102", "cop": 3, "opa": "OCD", "opb": "Conversion disorder", "opc": "Dissociative disorder", "opd": "Schizoid personality disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Somatoform disorders", "id": "f12ea90e-b493-45bf-9323-e516bb32a66a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Agoraphobia is seen in patient with", "exp": "Panic attack and phobia are usually seen as comorbid conditions.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Generalized anxiety disorder", "opb": "Social anxiety disorder", "opc": "Panic attacks", "opd": "OCD", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "d919c084-99c3-4cac-9fdf-9e06e7f8a4af", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A schizophrenic patient on antipsychotic drugs may develop the following side effect", "exp": "NAME OF THE TRACT LOCATION FUNCTION PROBLEMS WHEN BLOCKED Meso coical To prefrontal coex Controls attention, drive In patients with schizophrenia decreased dopamine in meso coical tract causes lack of drive, decreased attention Decreased attention, drive Worsens negative symptoms in schizophrenia Meso limbic To limbic system Control thoughts, emotions In patients with schizophrenia increased dopamine in mesolimbic tract causes delusions and hallucinations Decreases thoughts and emotions Improves positive symptoms in schizophrenia Nigro striatal To basal ganglia Smoothens and co-ordinates movements Extra pyramidal symptoms Tubero infundibular To hypothalamus Regulates prolactin Dopamine decreases prolactin Galactorrhea Amenorrhea Sexual dysfunctions Reference: Kaplon and sadock, 11 th edition, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 537", "cop": 2, "opa": "Decreased prolactin", "opb": "Increased prolactin", "opc": "Hypeension", "opd": "Wakefullness", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "b6299cc8-e726-4cce-b45f-6ecc0eb95c2a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common type of Delusion associated with Schizophrenia is", "exp": "(A) Delusion of persecution # Most common type of delusion associated with schizophrenia involves persecutory.> It believes that he/she is being followed or is under surveillance or that he/she is being made fun of,tricked,or treated very unfairly by others.> when schizophrenics experience this type of delusion,they may feel very frightened or paranoid,as a result they will often do things to protect themselves from prosecutor.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Delusion of persecution", "opb": "Delusion of grandiosity", "opc": "Delusion of nihilism", "opd": "Delusion of Reference", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "937d10a9-8aa9-4d91-91e4-5df7822f14b4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In opioid overdose treatment of choice is", "exp": "(A) Naloxone IV", "cop": 1, "opa": "Naloxone IV", "opb": "Nalorphine IV", "opc": "Haemodialysis", "opd": "Forced alkaline diuresis", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "9bcf4702-9a26-41db-9aa2-be1e249957bc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Naltrexone is used in opioid addiction because", "exp": "Ans. is 'c' i.e. prevent relapse Naltrexone is a pure opioid antagonistIt is a competitive antagonist at all opioid receptors.It can be used orally, to assist in the rehabilitation of ex-opioid abusers who are fully withdrawn (otherwise it will induce an acute Withdrawl syndrome).A patient who then takes an opioid, fails to experience the kick or euphoria because of the opioid antagonistic actions of the Naltrexone.", "cop": 3, "opa": "To treat withdrawal symptoms", "opb": "To treat overdose of opioids", "opc": "Prevent relapse", "opd": "Has addiction potential", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Opioid-Related Disorders", "id": "b60cf28b-8a10-4523-a4f7-45d6c9376d5e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Kleptomania is", "exp": "Kleptomania is irresistible impulse to steal.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Delusion", "opb": "Obsession", "opc": "Impulse", "opd": "Compulsion", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "b602d103-3bc9-4d39-bc19-14407eb46ac2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Persistent feeling of guilt is seen in", "exp": "increased guilt is a carecterstic of depression DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR DEPRESSION Depressed mood most of the day Anhedonia=== loss of interest in previous pleasurable activities Fatiguability Dec sleep Dec appetite Hopelessness Suicidal ideas Ideas of guilt Reference: Kaplon and sadock, 11 th edition, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 347", "cop": 2, "opa": "OCD", "opb": "Depression", "opc": "Mania", "opd": "Schizophrenia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "03d3e00a-2930-48f4-b20d-62adcde241e7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Night mares are seen in", "exp": "Patient with post traumatic stress disorder experiences dreams about trauma called as \"nightmares\".", "cop": 2, "opa": "Adjustment disorder", "opb": "Post Traumatic stress disorder", "opc": "Dissociation", "opd": "Obsessive compulsive disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "ba549d7b-7108-4c5f-87ce-02d50a5290a4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Alpha rhythm in EEG is seen in", "exp": "The EEG recordings show typical features of sleep which is broadly divided into two broadly different phases: 1. D-sleep (desynchronised or dreaming sleep), also called as REM- sleep (rapid eye movement sleep), active sleep, or paradoxical sleep. 2. S-sleep (synchronised sleep), also called as NREM-sleep (non-REM sleep), quiet sleep, or ohodox sleep. S-sleep or NREM-sleep is fuher divided into four stages, ranging from stages 1 to 4. As the person falls asleep, the person first passes through these stages of NREM-sleep. The EEG recording during the waking state shows alpha waves of 8-12 cycles/sec. frequency. The onset of sleep is characterised by a disappearance of the alpha-activity. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 133", "cop": 3, "opa": "Sleep with eyes closed and mind wandering", "opb": "Mental activity", "opc": "Awake with eyes open", "opd": "REM sleep", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Sleep disorders and eating disorders", "id": "64a8c094-3dd0-42de-94ef-6da630c3a33d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In a alcoholic individual, tolerance to alcohol that disappears as rapidly as it develops is known as", "exp": "Ans. b (Pharmacokinetic tolerance) (Ref. Harrison 18th/ p 2562)ALCOHOL - BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS, TOLERANCE, AND DEPENDENCE# Even though \"legal intoxication\" requires a blood alcohol concentration of at least 80 to 100 mg/dL, behavioral, psychomotor, and cognitive changes are seen at levels as low as 20 to 30 mg/dL.# Deep but disturbed sleep can be seen at twice the legal intoxication level, and death can occur with levels between 300 and 400 mg/dL.# Alcohol enhances GABA-A receptors and inhibits NMDA receptors.# Types of compensatory changes after repeated exposure producing tolerance of higher alcohol levels-Metabolic or pharmacokinetic tolerance# First, after 1-2 weeks of daily drinking, metabolic or pharmacokinetic tolerance can develop, with a 30% increase in the rate of hepatic alcohol metabolism.# This alteration disappears almost as rapidly as it develops.Cellular or pharmacodynamics tolerance# Second, cellular or pharmacodynamic tolerance develops through neurochemical changes that may also contribute to physical dependence.# The cellular changes caused by chronic alcohol exposure may not resolve for several weeks or longer following cessation of drinking.Behavioural tolerance# Third, individuals can develop behavioural tolerance, i.e., can learn to adapt their behaviour so that they can function better than expected under drug influence.Functional Tolerance# Humans and animals develop tolerance when their brain functions adapt to compensate for the disruption caused by alcohol in both their behavior and their bodily functions. This adaptation is called functional tolerance.Environment-dependent tolerance# The development of tolerance to alcohol's effects over several drinking sessions is accelerated if alcohol is always administered in the same environment or is accompanied by the same cues. This effect has been called environment- dependent tolerance.Learned tolerance# The development of tolerance also can be accelerated by practicing a task while under the influence of alcohol. This phenomenon is called behaviorally augmented (i.e., learned) tolerance.Educational points:EFFECTS OF BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS IN THE ABSENCE OF TOLERANCEBlood Level, mg/dLUsual Effect20Decreased inhibitions, a slight feeling of intoxication80Decrease in complex cognitive functions and motor performance200Obvious slurred speech, motor incoordination, irritability, and poor judgment300Light coma and depressed vital signs400Death", "cop": 2, "opa": "Cellular tolerance", "opb": "Pharmacokinetic tolerance", "opc": "Pharmacodynamic tolerance", "opd": "Behavioural tolerance", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance Abuse", "id": "3c18bc52-03af-46ab-b5bd-39353e440913", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The Rorschach Inkblot test consists of a set of .......... standardized inkblots. These vary in colour, shading, form, and complexity.", "exp": "Rorschach Inkblot test- Evaluation of Personality, it contains 10 cards having ambiguous inkblot patterns and the subject has to interpret what he is seeing in the card from preselected options Extra Edge Thematic Apperception Test- Test is built on the assumption that people's stories reveal impoant aspects of their needs and self-perceptions as well as their views about significant others' in their life. In rhis 20 stimulus cards depicting a number of scenes of varying ambiguity will be shown.", "cop": 4, "opa": "5", "opb": "7", "opc": "9", "opd": "10", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "81fe9a94-47ed-413f-9a6a-ddc676c95fdc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Phobia is", "exp": "Neurosis", "cop": 4, "opa": "Psychosis", "opb": "Fear of animal", "opc": "Anxiety", "opd": "Neurosis", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "8e2710cf-467d-49aa-a39a-b38fce02ea66", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Language function is preserved in", "exp": "(B) Asperger's syndrome # Autism (i.e. marked impairment in reciprocal social and interpersonal interaction):i. Absent social smile,ii. Lack of eye-to-eyecontact,iii. Lack of awareness of others' existence or feelings; treats people as furniture,iv. Lack of attachment to parents and absence of separation anxiety,v. No or abnormal social play; prefers solitary games,vi. Marked impairment in making friends,vii. Lack of imitative behavior, viii. Absence of fear in presence of danger> Asperger syndrome or Asperger's syndrome or Asperger disorder is an autism spectrum disorder that is characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. It differs from other autism spectrum disorders by its relative preservation of linguistic and cognitive development. Although not required for diagnosis, physical clumsiness and atypical use of language are frequently reported.> Rett's syndrome is a disorder which is only reported in girls so far. After an apparently normal early development and normal head circumference at birth, there is a deceleration of head growth between the age of 5 months and 30 months. There is also a loss of purposive hand movements and acquired fine motor manipulative skills between the same ages, with the subsequent development of stereotyped movements of hands (e.g. handwringing). Later, other movement disorders also develop and severe mental handicap is invariable> Tourette's disorder is typically characterized by:1. Multiple motor tics.2. Multiple vocal tics.3. Duration of more than 1 year.4. Onset usually before 11 years of age and almost always before 21 years of age.> The disorder is usually more common (about 3 times) in males and has a prevalence rate of about 0.5 per 1000 people.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Autism", "opb": "Asperger's syndrome", "opc": "Rett syndrome", "opd": "Tourette syndrome", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "67db7747-54dc-4e65-a1f5-4ca2b8e0ad97", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug of choice for Obscessive Compulsive Neurosis is", "exp": "D i.e. Clomipramine", "cop": 4, "opa": "Imipramine", "opb": "CPZ", "opc": "Carbamazapine", "opd": "Clomipramine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "00c62618-4f2f-4700-bcc4-7cbe89ad97a0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Anna Freud is related to", "exp": "Ans) b (Psychoanalysis) RefKaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, p 217Anna Freud (1895-1982)Anna Freud, the daughter of Sigmund Freud, ultimately made her own set of unique contributions to psycho- analysis. While her father focused primarily on repression as the central defense mechanism, Anna Freud greatly elaborated on individual defense mechanisms, including reaction formation, regression, undoing, introjection, identification, projection, turning against the self, reversal, and sublimation. She was also a key figure in the development of modem ego psychology in that she emphasized that there was \"depth in the surface.\"The defenses marshaled by the ego to avoid unacceptable wishes from the id were in and of themselves complex and worthy of attention. Up to that point, the primary focus had been on uncovering unconscious sexual and aggressive wishes. She also made seminal contributions to the field of child psychoanalysis and studied the function of the ego in person-ality development. She founded the Hampstead child therapy course and clinic in London in 1947 and served as its director.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Ego", "opb": "Psychoanalysis", "opc": "Psychogenic", "opd": "Existantial", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Psychoanalysis", "id": "5f8563f8-7770-4a44-af98-7785406a91a0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "\"Foli a deux\" is", "exp": "The person with delusion influences the other to develop same delusion.\n2 persons sharing same delusion  - \"Foli a deux\".\n3 persons sharing same delusion  - \"Foli a trios\".\nSharing a delusion to group of people : Pseudo community.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Delusion of doubles", "opb": "Substance abuse disorder", "opc": "Sharing delusion with one more person", "opd": "Dissociation disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "ace8716c-bdaa-4d61-a5ec-cb02ab069231", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A Chronic alcoholic blames the family environment as a cause of his alcoholism. This is phenomenon of", "exp": "Ans:C-RationalizationRationalization or rationalisation (also known as making excuses) is a defense mechanism in which controversial behaviors or feelings are justified and explained in a seemingly rational or logical manner to avoid the true explanation, and are made consciously tolerable--or even admirable and superior--by plausible means. It is also an informal fallacy of reasoning.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Projection", "opb": "Denial", "opc": "Rationalization", "opd": "Sublimation", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "5f88fa79-c75b-4ea8-b46c-e551e9ddd2db", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A patient came with complaints of having a deformed nose and also complained that nobody takes him seriously because of the deformity of his nose. He has visited several cosmetic surgeons but they have sent him back saying that there is nothing wrong with his nose. He is probably suffering from", "exp": "C i.e. Delusional disorder In Delusional dysmorphophobia (delusional disorder) patient feels his body pa or body ugly or mishappen.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Hypochondriasis", "opb": "Somatization", "opc": "Delusional Disorder", "opd": "OCD", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "c208ccbe-1ab8-406c-bd4c-3681eb5416dd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common psychiatric disorder seen with \"PANDAS\" is", "exp": "PANDAS : Pediatric autoimmume neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections. Autoimmune response triggered by streptoocccal infections can lead to neuro psychiatric manifestations such as OCD and Tics.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Depression", "opb": "OCD", "opc": "Anxiety", "opd": "Delusional disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "0b1a7c1a-282e-4915-9d57-c4006b877455", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The antisocial disorder is characterized by", "exp": "Personality Disorders An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that detes markedly from the expectations of individuals' culture. manifested in cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, impulse control. Cluster A Paranoid , Schizoid , Schizotypal Cluster B Anti Social , Borderline , Histrionic , Narcisstic Cluster C Avoidant , Dependant , Obsessive Compulsive Cluster B personality disorders *DISSOCIAL *Asocial, antisocial and psychopathic *Lacks empathy *Lacks guilt *Lacks shame *Cruel *Callous *Aggressive *Change of occupation *Absentism *Failed relationships EMOTIONALLY UNSTABLE *Unstable and internse relationship *Disturbance in self image *Impulsivity *Affective instability *Chronic feeling of emptiness *Suicidal behavior *Difficulty controlling anger Dissosiative symptoms *HISTIRIONIC *Theatrical behavior *Superficial charming *Life and soul of the pay *Craving for attention, appreciation and affection *Excessive reaction to minor events( over act) *Egocentricity *Seductiveness *manipulative *Difficulty sustaining long term relationships *NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER *grandiose sense of self-impoance *preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success *exhibitionistic need for constant attention and admiration *anger or humiliation in response to criticism *taking advantage of other people *lack of empathy *Regards self as \"special\" Reference: P.645 section II DSM -5 PERSONALITY DISORDER", "cop": 3, "opa": "Excessive sensitivity to suspiciousness", "opb": "Emotional coldness, lack of pressure", "opc": "Unconcern for feeling for others, disregard for social norms", "opd": "Self dramatization, exaggerated expression of emotions", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "4aa6b7b7-99f7-43c3-b7d7-4fa76a5b1658", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "One of the impoant defence mechanism is", "exp": "Repression is a primary defence mechanism and is defined as unconsciously excluding from conscious awareness of anxiety-provoking ideas and /or feelings. eg in normal life: forgetting and slips of the tongue (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja,7th edition, pg no 207)", "cop": 3, "opa": "Alienation", "opb": "Confabulation", "opc": "Repression", "opd": "Suppression", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Cognitive development and defence mechanism", "id": "23eaad31-9f18-4ded-9989-e50d2e89f97c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Schizophrenia drugs mainly act on", "exp": "Dopamine Hypothesis states In schizophrenia, there is an imbalance of dopamine transmission with dopaminergic hyperactivity in subcoical regions but hypoactivity in prefrontal coical regions. Antipsychotics reduce psychotic symptoms by decreasing dopamine activity, their potency is highly correlated with the drug's affinity for D2 receptors. PET studies indicate that dopamine receptor antagonists are effective when approximately 80 percent* of D2 receptors in the striatum are occupied. Higher occupancy rates are associated with more extrapyramidal side effects*(less common with Atypical/ second generation Antipsychotics) Reference: Page No.1491 chap.12.6 Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology of Schizophrenia P.3111 chap 31.17 First-Generation Antipsychotics(Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th Edition)", "cop": 2, "opa": "D1 dopamine receptors", "opb": "D2 dopamine receptors", "opc": "D3 dopamine receptors", "opd": "Ach receptors", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "748f7d36-3003-4c7c-a466-3136f543c0b4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Delusion is a disorder of", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.e. Thought Delusion is a disorder of the thought Delusion sociocultural of the patient's* A false unshakable belief which is not amenable to reasoning and is not in keeping with the patient's and educational background.(i) Because delusions are fixed, false beliefs, they cannot be corrected by the physician. Contradiction delusional belief may cause the patient to become angry and stop the interview.A-96 (ii) The physician should not pretend to agree with the delusion but should take a neutral position and continue the examination.The other thought disorder is obsessionObsessionObsessions are persistent intrusive thoughts, ideas or impulses.The patient realizes that the ideas do not make sense and are not being imposed from outside (i.e. delusion).An example is a man who is always fighting an impulse to run down die hall of the office building through a plate glass window at the end. He knows that this action is potentially life threatening and he does not want to hurt himself but he cannot stop thinking about it and feeling anxious.* Other optionsOption 'b' - The facial artery and vein do not course through the deep part of the gland. They are related to the superficial part of the gland.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Thought", "opb": "Perception", "opc": "Insight", "opd": "Cognition", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Organic Mental Disorder", "id": "058f3fef-53f5-4d5f-b310-644c445bfede", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Disruption or disorganisation of biological rhythm is observed in", "exp": "Ans. c (Depression) (Harrison's medicine 17th ed., Chapter 386)ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION# Although evidence for genetic transmission of unipolar depression is not as strong as in bipolar disorder, monozygotic twins have a higher concordance rate (46%) than dizygotic siblings (20%), with little support for any effect of a shared family environment. There is some evidence that a functional polymorphism in the serotonin transporter (5- HTT) gene may interact with stressful life events to markedly increase risk of depression and suicide. Positron emission tomography (PET) studies show decreased metabolic activity in the caudate nuclei and frontal lobes in depressed patients that returns to normal with recovery. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies show comparable changes in blood flow.# Postmortem examination of brains of suicide victims indicate altered noradrenergic activity.# Diurnal variations in symptom severity and alterations in circadian rhythmicity of a number of neurochemical and neurohumoral factors suggest that biologic differences may be secondary to a primary defect in regulation of biologic rhythms. Patients with major depression show consistent findings of a decrease in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep onset (REM latency), an increase in REM density, and, in some subjects, a decrease in stage IV delta slow-wave sleep.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Schizophrenia", "opb": "Anxiety", "opc": "Depression", "opd": "Mania", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood Disorders", "id": "adeea719-c3ba-4504-8382-c3621cb1c138", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Repetitive irresesistable thought to do something", "exp": "Ans. is 'b' i.e., Obsession Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) OCD is an anxiety disorder which is characterized by recurrent, unwanted thoughts (Obsessions) and repettive behaviors (compulsions). An obsession has following characteristic : - An idea, impulse or image which intrudes into the conscious awareness repeatedly. It is recognized as one's own ideas, impulse or image but is perceived as egoalien (foreign to one's personality). It is recognized as irrational and absurd (insight is present --4 Patient knows about disorder). Patient tries to resist against it but is unable to do so which leads to marked distress or anxiety. A compulsion has following characteristics :- It is repetitive, purposeful form of behavior is carried out because of strong feeling of compulsion to do so. It usually follows an obsession. ts goal is to prevent or reduce the anxiety or stress caused by obsession however it do not always succeed in doing so. It is irrational or excessive and not realistic. Insight is present. A patient with OCD may have an obsession, a compulsion or both (mostly patients have both). A patient with OCD realizes the irrationality of the obsession and experiences both the obsession and the compulsion as ego-dystonic (unwanted behavior). The person is preoccupied with details rules, list order, organisation or schedules to the extent that the major point of activity is lost. The person shows perfectionism that interfers with task completion (e.g., unable to complete project because his own ovely strict standard are not met).", "cop": 2, "opa": "Phobia", "opb": "Obsession", "opc": "Compulsion", "opd": "Anxiety", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "e10415ca-cd9e-49e6-ae65-4d7606c6fa69", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "To diagnose depression, symptoms should last at least for", "exp": "Symptoms should last for at least 2 weeks, for cyclothymia -mild form of depression, symptoms should last for 2 years Ref: Essentials of postgraduate psychiatry By JN Vyas 1st ed Pg 604-607", "cop": 3, "opa": "4 weeks", "opb": "6 months", "opc": "2 weeks", "opd": "6 weeks", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood disorders", "id": "70221dec-38f2-4de6-beb6-69f9c91dd7e5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Agarophobia is", "exp": "Ans, b (Fear of crowds). (Ref Harrison, Medicine 18th/Ch. 12, 21, 391)AGORAPHOBIA# Irrational & undue phobia of a particular situation is known as agoraphobia.# This is an example of irrational fear of situation.# It is commonest type of phobia encountered in clinical practice.# Women out number men in suffering agoraphobias# It is characterized by irrational fear of being in places away from familiar setting of homes.# Although it was earlier thought to be a fear of open spaces only now it includes fear of open space, public places, crowded places, any other place where there is no escape from public view.# Infact patient is afraid of all the places or situation from where escape may be difficult or help may not be available if he suddenly develops embarrassing or incapacitating symptoms.# These embarassing or incapacitating symptoms are the classical symptoms of public phobia.# A full-blown panic attack may occur (agoraphobia with panic disorder) or only a few symptoms like dizziness or tachycardia may occur (agoraphobia without panic disorder).", "cop": 2, "opa": "Fear of closed spaces", "opb": "Fear of crowds", "opc": "Fear of death", "opd": "Fear of fire", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Neurotic Disorders", "id": "ea15726a-55a5-4001-83b9-e19564b75c7f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Fronto temporal dementias include A/E", "exp": "D i.e. Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease, the most common cause of dementiaQ initially presents with minor forgetfulness & gradually progressive sho term memory lossQ (making learning of new information difficult). Language is usually affected early with difficulty in finding words or naming objects, & impairments in the ability to construct fluent & informative sentences. The memory is lost for recent events first with a delayed loss of long term memory mainly affecting episodic memoryQ. It is a parieto temporal disease. Multi infarct (or vascular) dementia (or atherosclerotic psychosis), the 2,0 most common cause of dementia (not Alzheimer's disease) is caused by cerebro- vascular disease (ischemia or infarct)Q. It is characterized by an abrupt onset, acute exacerbations ((lit repeated infarcts), stepwise wise (step-ladder pattern) progressionQ (i.e. impairment of memory & intellect), fluctuating course (periods of deterioration f/b paial recovery for few months) and presence of hypeension (m.c.), cardiovascular disease & h/o previous stroke or transient ischemic attack. Lewy Body dementia, the 2,,d most common cause of degenerative dementia characteristically presents with progressive & fluctuating dementia (affecting cognition, attention & visuosptial ability), recurrent delirium like phase, systematized delusions, visual hallucinations (usually well formed & detailed), motor features of Parkinsonism (bradykinesia > tremor, rigidity), extra pyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic sensitivity syndrome (to antipsychotics)Q, together with repeated fallsQ, syncope, transient loss of consciousness, autonomic dysfunctions (eg. ohostatic hypotension) & urinary incontinence. It is (like Parkinson's disease) a ' synucleinpathy' reflecting abnormal aggregation of eosinophilic inclusion Lewy bodies (i.e. a synuclein & ubiquitin) in cytoplasm of neurons of neocoex & substantia nigra. Pick's disease (in contrast to parietal - temporal- Alzheimers ds,)Q is a prototype fronto- temporal dementia. It classically presents with insidious onset gradually progressive behavioural & personality changes (frontal lobe function) and language disorder (such as aphasia - left temporal lobe function) usually preceding or overshadowing patient's cognitive problems. Patients may show apathy (medial frontal damage), disinhibition (basal - frontal dysfunction), symptoms of kluver Bucy syndrome (i.e. hypersexuality, hyperorality, placidity, and a compulsion to attend to any visual stimulus) and loss of drive, motivation, insight and spontaneity of speech (frontal language). The striking pathological findings is Knife blade atrophy of frontal & temporal poles with Pick's cells (ballooned neurons) and Pick's inclusion body (irregular, silver staining, intracytoplasmic bodies composed of tau, ubiquitin etc that displace nucleus towards periphery). Fronto- temporal dementias include - Pick's disease, lobar atrophyQ, frontal lobe degeneration (non- Alzheimer's type), fronto temporal dementia with parkinsonism, motor neuron diseaseQ (MND) with dementia, semantic dementiaQ with aphasia & agnosia, progressive nonfluent aphasic syndromeQ. Sometimes (not always) coicobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy & parkinsonism dementia complex of Guam are also included.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Pick's disease", "opb": "Nonfluent aphasia", "opc": "Semantic dementia", "opd": "Alzheimer's disease", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "a22492b1-1b05-4292-904f-0bcc4fba264f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Korsakoff's psychosis is seen in", "exp": "(C) Chronic alcoholism# Conditions resulting in the vitamin deficiency and its effects include chronic alcoholism and severe malnutrition.> Alcoholism may be an indicator of poor nutrition, which in addition to inflammation of the stomach lining, causes thiamine deficiency.> Other causes include dietary deficiencies, prolonged vomiting, eating disorders, or the effects of chemotherapy. It can also occur in pregnant women who have a form of extreme morning sickness known as hyperemesis gravid a rum. Mercury poisoning can also lead to Korsakoff's syndrome.> It has also been caused by centipede (mukade) bites in Japan.There is no specific treatment because the previous thiamine deficiency produces irreversible damage to the medial thalamic nuclei and mammillary bodies.> Mammillary body atrophy may be visible on high-resolution MRI.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Acute alcoholism", "opb": "Carbon monoxide poisoning", "opc": "Chronic alcoholism", "opd": "Multiple sclerosis", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "b857abbf-403b-4434-9e22-8f6ba48382da", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Treatment modality NOT used in ADHD includes", "exp": "(D) Haloperidol # Stimulant medication Dextroamphetamine (10-40 mg/day) and methylphenidate (10-60 mg/day) are the drugs of choice in the treatment of hyperkinetic disorder, with a response rate of nearly 90%. They act on the reticular activating system causing stimulation of the inhibitory influences on the cerebral cortex, thus decreasing hyperactivity and/or distractibility> Others:1. When stimulant medication is not available is not effective, other drugs can be used after careful individual consideration of the risks and benefits in the individual patient. These include clonidine, imipramine, bupropion, venlafaxine chlorpromazine, thioridazine, and lithium carbonate. Atomoxetine may be an alternative for children who do not respond to stimulants. Barbiturates are contmindicated in ADD as they increase hyperactivity.2. Behavior modification3. Counseling and supportive psychotherapy Behavior modification and counseling are very important in the successful management of ADD and can be used along with drug therapy.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Clonidine", "opb": "Atomoxetine", "opc": "Dexamphetamine", "opd": "Haloperidol", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "59c9bfe2-69d5-4fbc-bcb6-790f2bec80c1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Pseudodementia is seen in", "exp": "Depressive pseudodementia- depression in the elderly people may mimic dementia clinically. Identification of depression is very impoant as it is far more easily treatable than dementia. (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th edition, pg no.23)", "cop": 2, "opa": "Alcoholism", "opb": "Depression", "opc": "Schizophrenia", "opd": "Mania", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Organic mental disorders", "id": "6187a6b2-8e52-405a-a0d0-2c3339b5f4b7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Visual analogue scale (VAS) most widely used to measure", "exp": "C i.e. Pain intensity", "cop": 3, "opa": "Sleep", "opb": "Sedation", "opc": "Pain intensity", "opd": "Depth of Anaesthesia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "0b8cf27d-44c4-4e70-99a5-e1d11abdb60e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug of choice in depression in old person is", "exp": "Elderly are at greater risk of developing adverse events while taking any medication. always in elderly management for psychiatric disorder we follow the principle of STA LOW AND GO SLOW amitriptilline and imipramine a tricyclic antidepressent which has lot of adverse effects like exacerbation of glaucoma, ECG changes like prolonged QTc intervel, urinary retention. Buspirone is 5HT1A paial agonist that has anti anti anxiety effects and is used for anxiety disorders and for augmentation agent for depression and not as first line mangement for depression. Newer, non-tricyclic antidepressants are often claimed to be as effective as but safer than tricyclic antidepressants and hence drugs of choice in elderly people Fluoxetine is also effective in treating elderly patients with dementia and depressive symptoms Ref: Kaplon and sadock, 11 th edition, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 1334", "cop": 1, "opa": "Fluoxetine", "opb": "Buspirone", "opc": "Amitriptyline", "opd": "Imipramine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood disorders", "id": "fcf07dd3-2cef-4c63-8c05-cf49d765fa16", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Type C personality disorder", "exp": "Cluster C has disorders considered \"anxious and fearful\" and characterised by \"introversion\". These include Anxious (Avoidant), Dependent and Obsessive Compulsive (or Anankastic) personality disorders. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 113", "cop": 1, "opa": "Avoidant personality disorder", "opb": "Histronic personality disorder", "opc": "Paranoid personality disorder", "opd": "Narcissistic personality disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Personality disorders", "id": "c78026a4-8071-44ae-8ca9-b16f60353ce1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "ECT is absolutely contraindicated in", "exp": "(A) Raised ICT # ECT is treatment of choice in severe depression.# indication of ECT in depression are:> Depression with suicidal risk> Severe refractory depression> Delusional depression> Depression with significant antidepressant side effects.> The response is rapid. Usually 6-8 ECTs are given three times a week along with antidepressants.# Contraindications of ECT:> The only absolute contraindication is the presence of raised intracranial tension.> Relative contraindications are: Recent myocardial infarction, Severe hypertension, Cerebrovascular accident, Severe pulmo iary disease, Retinal detachment, Pheochromocytoma.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Raised ICT", "opb": "Heart disease", "opc": "Pregnancy", "opd": "Very will patients", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "1027e025-fd16-4fd2-bd05-67bcf93f9676", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Counteransference is", "exp": "TRANSFERENCE============during therapy unconscious direction of feelings from the patient to the therapist COUNTER TRANSFERENCE==== during therapy unconscious direction of feelings from the therapist to the patient Ref.Kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 845", "cop": 2, "opa": "Patient's feeling towards therapist", "opb": "Doctor's feeling towards the patient", "opc": "Psychic connection between patient and disease", "opd": "Type of defence mechanism", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Treatment in psychiatry", "id": "59924bd5-8bb3-4176-b515-2302af5a684e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The bad prognostic factors of schizophrenia include", "exp": "Age below 18years early age of onset, poor compliance to medications, poor insight, poor knowledge, attitude and practice among family members, expressed emotions among family members , male gender, insidious onset of illness , simple and hebephrenic type of schizophrenia are usually bad prognostic factors for schizophrenia Ref: Essentials of postgraduate psychiatry By JN Vyas 1st ed Pg: 370", "cop": 1, "opa": "Age 18 yrs", "opb": "Age 40 yrs", "opc": "Sudden onset", "opd": "Female", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders", "id": "af557dbf-a3ef-4873-891b-1fa2b2a7d997", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Durg of choice in Delirium tremens is", "exp": "Ans. C i.e. ChlordiazepoxideTreatment of deliriumHospitalization, preferably in an ICU, is indicated and treatment should be directed at the underlying cause.Metabolic abnormalities are corrected and hydration and nutrition cared for.Medicines are essential to control psychotic symptoms, agitation, and restlessness.Drugs used are:Antipsychotics (Neuroleptic) - Drugs of choice.Typical antipsychotics: - Haloperldol (Drug of choice), Thioridazine, Chlorpromazine,Atypical antipsychotics - Risperidone, Quetiapine, Olanzapine.Benzodiazepines: Used for delifium related to alcohol (delirium tremens):Chlordiazepoxide, Diazepam, Lorazepam, Clonazepam.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Diazepam", "opb": "Phenytoin", "opc": "Chlordiazepoxide", "opd": "Morphine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "5e01b26b-6f3b-41da-b779-0512eeab064b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Dementia of Alzheimer&;s type is not associated with one of the following", "exp": "Dementia is a chronic organic mental disorder, characterized by the following main clinical features: 1. Impairment of intellectual functions, 2. Impairment of memory (predominantly of recent memory, especially in early stages), 3. Deterioration of personality with lack of personal care. Reference: A sho textbook of Psychiatry by Niraj Ahuja, page no.22.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Depressive symptoms", "opb": "Delusions", "opc": "Apraxia and Aphasia", "opd": "Cerebral infarcts", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Organic mental disorders", "id": "e9d46596-2431-44a9-8a4b-8c039f75398d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Duration required for the diagnosis of acute and transient psychosis is", "exp": "If symptoms are for less than 1 months, it is a transient psychotic disorder or brief psychotic disorder as per DSM. As per ICD 10, acute psychosis is less than 2 weeks duration. Reference: Kaplon and sadock, 11 th edition, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 340", "cop": 2, "opa": "1 week", "opb": "2 weeks", "opc": "1 month", "opd": "6 months", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "f58ff94f-5846-49f0-9e54-ae72c02b5a30", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Psychosurgery is used in", "exp": "Psychosurgery can be used in the treatment of OCD that has become intractable and is not responding to other methods of treatment. The best responders are usually those who have significantly associated depression, although pure obsessives also respond. The main benefit is the marked reduction in associated distress and severe anxiety. (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th edition, pg no.98)", "cop": 3, "opa": "Phobia", "opb": "Generalized anxiety", "opc": "OCD", "opd": "Depression", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Treatment in psychiatry", "id": "60c1bc25-7c92-4508-824b-05c52f3fc569", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The most common complication of modified ECT", "exp": "Ans:D i.e. AmnesiaModified ECT-Both electricity and anesthetic agents and muscle relaxants are used to cause the convulsions. Methohexital is the most commonly used anesthetic.Common Complications:Memory disturbances-Retrograde amnesia(M/C)Headaches, muscle aches, fractures, tooth dislocationsProlonged seizures>180seconds", "cop": 4, "opa": "Intracerebral bleed", "opb": "Fracture spine", "opc": "Body ache", "opd": "Amnesia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "64bc88cf-bf29-4011-a4c9-5db290ca407f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common type of schizophrenia is", "exp": "Most common-paranoid Best prognosis-catatonic Worst prognosis-simple Personality deterioration-hebephrenic Ref: Essentials of postgraduate psychiatry By JN Vyas 1st ed Pg 365-370", "cop": 1, "opa": "Paranoid", "opb": "Catatonic", "opc": "Hebephrenic", "opd": "Simple", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders", "id": "1c7222d5-8536-4b29-9d2a-fdaf8f802c08", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Amnesia is found in", "exp": "A i.e. Head injury Amnesia can be seen after head injuryQ either as a pa of concussion injury or as an organic brain syndrome. Other causes of amnesia are Organic amnestic syndromes - Dementia, delirium, Korsakoff\"s syndromeQ Dissociative disorder Transient global amnesia Type of memory loss in different Organic mental disorders Memory Delirium Dementia Organic Amnestic syndrome Immediate memory Normal Normal Disturbed Recent memory Disturbed Disturbed Disturbed Remote memory Normal Disturbed Disturbed", "cop": 1, "opa": "Head injury", "opb": "Mania", "opc": "Schizophrenia", "opd": "Psychiatric state", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "46758100-e75d-4d01-9644-8f4c497000f7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A 30 year old manic patient was prescribed Haloperidol one week back. For the last two days he has become restless and kept pacing in the room for a day. On examinarion he was found to have tremors of hand. He is most likely suffering from", "exp": "D i.e. Akathisia", "cop": 4, "opa": "Anhedonia", "opb": "Dystonia", "opc": "Restless leg syndrome", "opd": "Akathesia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "15cebf5a-f475-4266-aa90-7e7cb8e85385", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Coprolalia is seen in", "exp": "coprolalia-involuntary use of vulgar or obscene language. Observed in some cases of schizophrenia and in Tourette's syndrome. coprophagia- Eating of filth or feces. The echolalia-psychopathological repeating of words or phrases of one person by another; tends to be repetitive and persistent. Seen in catatonic schizophrenia. Reference: Page No 922 signs and symptoms in psychiatry(Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th Edition)", "cop": 4, "opa": "Delirium", "opb": "Alcoholic intoxication", "opc": "Mania", "opd": "Tourette syndrome", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "5becf6ff-8b2c-4319-be38-ed95dd037a67", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Onanism is a disorder of", "exp": "Sexual detion", "cop": 3, "opa": "Stealing", "opb": "Gambling", "opc": "Sexual detion", "opd": "Hair pulling", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "71e90450-0376-4467-82c0-97eb83e0371f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Cotard's syndrome has", "exp": "In the 19th century, the French psychiatrist Jules Cotard described several patients with a syndrome called delire de negation. sometimes referred to as nihilistic delusional disorder or Cotard syndrome. Patients with the syndrome complain of having lost not only possessions, status, and strength but also their hea, blood, and intestines. this is more commonly seen in depression. persecutory and referential delusions are common in psychosis like schizophrenia delusion of marital infedility is common in othello syndrome Reference: Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11th edition, Page 336,307", "cop": 3, "opa": "Persecutory delusions", "opb": "delusion of marital infedility", "opc": "Nihilistic delusions", "opd": "referential delusions", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Symptoms and signs in psychiatry and classification", "id": "54b77b67-04b4-415a-9e32-e38940648222", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Borderline personality disorder", "exp": "Borderline personality disorder The central feature of borderline personality disorder is a pervasive pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationship, self perception and mood The patient make recurrent suicidal threats and gesture and a small propoion of patients carry out the act or self multilation like cutting or burning The patients have difficulty in controlling their anger and impulsitivity. There is unceainty about personal identity *EMOTIONALLY UNSTABLE *Unstable and internse relationship *Disturbance in self image *Impulsivity *Affective instability *Chronic feeling of emptiness *Suicidal behavior *Difficulty controlling anger Dissosiative symptoms Reference: Kaplon and sadock, 11 th edition, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 868", "cop": 2, "opa": "Chronic feeling of emptiness", "opb": "Unstable interpersonal relationship", "opc": "Grandiosity", "opd": "Low self esteem", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "2563085e-9031-4b38-982d-987fa455c49f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Slow waves in EEG is seen in", "exp": "schizophrenia: widespread slow activity, dysrhythmia, spikes, and spike-wave complexes) generally have been regarded as nonspecific. mood disorders : depression: an increase of alpha and/or beta activity left frontal regions in depressed patients. ( decreased left frontal activation) manic episode: Less alpha power and higher EEG frequencies in manic patients with respect to healthy subjects have been interpreted as a sign of overarousal Delirium: diffuse slowing of the background rhythms from alpha (8 to 13 Hz) to theta (4.0 to 7.5 Hz) activity. Delta activity (<3.5 Hz) usually does not become prominent until the patient approaches non-responsiveness. The typical changes are slowing or even loss of the posterior dominant rhythm, slow wave increase, reduced reactivity to eye-opening, and intermittent, especially frontally located, rhythmic delta activity (FIRDA). EEG changes in mood disorders, schizophrenia are non-specific. The changes in delirium are consistent than other conditions. Considering the best answer to go with D) Delirium Reference: Page No.237 1.15 Applied Electrophysiology CTP", "cop": 4, "opa": "Depression", "opb": "Mania", "opc": "Schizophrenia", "opd": "Delirium", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "cbfa10e2-ac71-4eaa-a510-604647b419d9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Prophylactic maintenance serum level of lihium is", "exp": "B i.e. 0.7 - 1.2 meq/L", "cop": 2, "opa": "0.2 - 0.8 meq/L", "opb": "0.7 -1.2 meq/L", "opc": "1.2 - 2.0 meq/L", "opd": "1.2 - 2.0 meq/L", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "c0635aff-5c16-4f58-8b40-4d0a51d39fd3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most specific of psychosis", "exp": "A i.e. Neologism", "cop": 1, "opa": "Neologism", "opb": "Incoherence", "opc": "Pressure of speech", "opd": "Perseveration", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "0de1f602-dd78-4503-9415-4dc68eadcd1b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Treatment of Choice in Phobic disorder", "exp": "C i.e. Behaviour therapy", "cop": 3, "opa": "Psychotherapy", "opb": "Benzodiazepines", "opc": "Behaviour Therapy", "opd": "5-HT reuptake inhibitor", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "710ccf65-1e2b-4a60-acd3-304a8c72f220", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In a young male, history of firm unshakable belief of hands passing through the body & gripping his lungs indicates", "exp": "This patient has :-\n\n\nFalse but firm belief → Delusion.\nHand passing through the body & gripping his lungs → delusion is bizarre (belief that is impossible):\n\n\nBizarre delusions are seen in schizophrenia.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Schizophrenia", "opb": "Depression", "opc": "Somatization", "opd": "Asthma", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "2d871ee2-06aa-4794-9380-2897e3d0dde1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Used for aveing smoking habit is", "exp": "Bupropion (also called as amfebutamone a NDRI antidepressant )and varenicline are pharmacological agents recently used in promoting smoking cessation as adjuvant to behavioural or cognitive behaviour treatment (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja,7th edition, page no.52)", "cop": 2, "opa": "Buspirone", "opb": "Bupropion", "opc": "Methadone", "opd": "Venlafaxine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance abuse", "id": "19885671-a3bf-4ee7-830f-e2d87f6b6c53", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Psychodynamic theory of mental illness is based on", "exp": "Psychodynamic theory concentrates on unresolved childhood conflicts leading to adult symptoms. Like in case of Specific phpbia, A symbolic basis for a fear rooted in some unresolved early trauma. Ref: Basics of Psychotherapy: A practical guide to improving clinical success, 1e, Pg 41.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Unconscious internal conflict", "opb": "Maladjusted reinforcement", "opc": "Organic neurological problem", "opd": "Focus on teaching patient to restrain absurd thoughts", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Cognitive development and defence mechanism", "id": "2b154897-ade9-4fd5-a24f-d85d1df68c3d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Opiate withdrawal is treated with", "exp": "The withdrawal symptoms can be managed by one of the following methods: 1. Use of substitution drugs such as methadone to ameliorate the withdrawal symptoms. 2. Clonidine is a a2 agonist that acts by inhibiting norepinephrine release at presynaptic a2 receptors. 3. Naltrexone with Clonidine: Naltrexone is an orally available narcotic antagonist which, when given to an opioid-dependent individual, causes withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms are managed with the addition of clonidine for 10-14 days after which clonidine is withdrawn and the patient has continued on naltrexone alone. 4. Other Drugs: The other detoxification agents include LAAM ( Levo-alpha-acetyl-Metha dol), propoxyphene, diphenoxylate, buprenorphine (long-acting synthetic paial m-agonist which can be administered sublingually), and lofexidine (a2 agonist, similar to clonidine). In paicular, Buprenorphine has recently been used widely for detoxification as well as for maintenance treatment in many pas of the World. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 44", "cop": 4, "opa": "CPZ", "opb": "Nalorphine", "opc": "Pethidine", "opd": "Methadone", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance abuse", "id": "982c29a6-0298-4f72-ab29-1a678788eed0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Marijuana withdrawal syndrome is associated with", "exp": "(A) Irritability# SYMPTOMS OF MARIJUANA WITHDRAWAL> Vary with an individual's level of dependency.> Mild form ofMarijuna dependence may experience minor physical and psychological discomfort, such as headaches or restlessness.> Severe forms of Marijuana addiction may endure more intense withdrawal symptoms, including sweating, fever, chills and hallucinations.# Physical Symptoms of Withdrawal: Stomach discomfort. Sweating. Tremor. Fever and chills. Headache.# Psychological Symptoms: Withdrawal for heavy marijuana users most often involves psychological symptoms that include Restlessness. Insomnia. Fatigue. Diminished appetite. Irritability. Anxiety, Depression.# Marijuana Withdrawal Timeline Day 1: Feelings such as irritability, anxiety & insomnia. Days 2-3: Typically the peak of withdrawal symptoms. Cravings can be strong, so relapse is most likely during this time & Sweating, chills and stomach pains have also been reported during this period. Days 4-14: Over the next several weeks, symptoms generally improve. However, depression can set in as brain chemistry changes and adapts to functioning without THC. Marijuana cravings may still be present as well. Days 15+: Most, if not all, symptoms should be gone by week three. Those with severe psychological addictions have reported feelings of depression and anxiety for up to several months after discontinuing marijuana use.# Treatment: Currently no medicines approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat marijuana dependence.> There have been clinical trials of several drugs to find out if they can relieve withdrawal symptoms, including anti-anxiety drugs, antidepressants, sleep aids, anti-seizure drugs, mood stabilizers, and THC replacements.> Of these, the most promising results have come from the sleep aid Zolpidem, the anti-anxiety medication Buspirone, and the anti-convulsant drug Gabapentin.> These drugs relieve the insomnia and anxiety associated with marijuana withdrawal, and in the case of gabapentin, can also help to improve former users' ability to think clearly during withdrawal.> Three therapies that have been successful are: Contingency management This approach uses tangible rewards, like reward vouchers or prizes, to encourage healthy behavior, such as remaining abstinent from drugs. Motivational enhancement therapy. This behavioral treatment helps people in recovery to set concrete personal goals that they will be motivated to achieve. Counselors then help the individual to formulate a plan to meet those goals. Cognitive-behavioral therapy. This treatment uses counseling and education to help people in recovery to recognize dangerous behaviors and counteract them with healthier choices.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Irritability", "opb": "Seizures", "opc": "Increased sleep", "opd": "Excessive appetite", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "0988dba2-b673-47d9-a156-56c01bcd5e34", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The features of OCD are A/E", "exp": "B i.e. Egosyntonic", "cop": 2, "opa": "Irrationale thought", "opb": "Egosyntonic", "opc": "Resisting the idea", "opd": "Persistence of idea", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "e5bb7771-f950-4729-a84b-1fb0a1378a20", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Conscious simulations of signs of disease is", "exp": "(A) Malingering # Exposure to life-threatening events can produce the stress-related psychiatric condition of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The nature of war can lead to genuine PTSD or the conscious simulation of symptoms of PTSD for secondary gain. Since malingering has a significant impact on the military and its mission, the importance of differentiating malinge ring from genuine PTSD. Factitious disorder was a clear sign of psychopathology, and hysteria had such clear secondary gains. Most obvious reason is that conversion disorder looks like feigning--that is, the clinical features are similar, if not identical. Inconsistent symptoms, particularly weakness or tremor that improves when distracted, are hallmarks of both conditions & in the case of these symptoms, probably reflect both conditions being a product of the voluntary motor system.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Malingering", "opb": "Post traumatic stress disorder", "opc": "Factitious disorder", "opd": "Conversion disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "2e7f7ab1-c788-4781-a3c5-db673487af6a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Loosening of association is an example of", "exp": "The disorders of form of thought include looseness of associations, derailment, incoherence, tangentiality, circumstantiality, neologisms, echolalia, verbigeration, word salad, and mutism. Loosening of assosiation is a type of formal thought disorder where the patient's thoughts are not connected and there are no meaningful connections. this is a charecterstic feuture of schizophrenia. this is one of the 4A's of schizophrenia that was given by Eugene Bleuler. 4A's that is given by schizophrenia is the most repeated question they are autism ambivalance apathy assosiation loss or loosening of assosiation Reference: Kaplan & Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry 11th edition, page 313,300", "cop": 1, "opa": "Formal Thought disorder", "opb": "perceptional disorder", "opc": "Perseveration", "opd": "Concrete thinking", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Symptoms and signs in psychiatry and classification", "id": "43c0142a-39af-401b-9c71-dfdae631101d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The features of \"Anankastic\" personality disorder is", "exp": "Anankastic personality is also known as the obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. They are very rigid and stubborn. The other characteristics are *Also known as OCPD( obsessive compulsive personality disorder) *Perfectionism *Rigidity *Punctuality * indecisiveness *Conscientiousness *excessive attention to detail *extreme orderliness in one area of life other charecterstics are Excessive doubt & caution Preoccupation with details rules,makes a lot of lists and order. There is no risk of obsessive-compulsive disorder in future but there is a risk of depression. Reference: Kaplon and sadock, 11 th edition, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 742", "cop": 3, "opa": "Procrastination", "opb": "Lack of impulse control", "opc": "Rigidity and stubbornness", "opd": "Not bound to rules", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Personality disorders", "id": "0c4a0853-3e75-42fb-ba21-f4704316dd6d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Serum lithium levels for mania should be maintained in between", "exp": "Lithium is a mood stabilizer It is used for the treatment of mania it was introduced by John F Cade it is a liver friendly drug it should not be given in patients with renal abnormalties it has a narrow thereaputic index above 0.8-1.2 meq/L it leads to lithium toxicity TOC for lithium toxicityis HEMODIALYSIS Therapeutic drug monitoring is done for lithium as it is not a safe drug its levels should be within 0.8-1.2meq/l. Ref: Essentials of postgraduate psychiatry By JN Vyas 1st ed Pg 620", "cop": 2, "opa": "0.2-0.8 meq/l", "opb": "0.8-1.2 meq/l", "opc": "2-2.5 meq/l", "opd": "1.2-2 meq/l", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood disorders", "id": "f89fb8af-1a51-4349-9783-ba2fa8ca0e84", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Modafinil is used for", "exp": "(A) Narcolepsy # MODAFINIL# Narcolepsy Narcolepsy is both a disorder of the ability to sustain wakefulness voluntarily and a disorder of REM sleep regulation The classic \"narcolepsy tetrad\" consists of excessive daytime somnolence plus three specific symptoms related to an intrusion of REM sleep characteristics (e.g., muscle atonia, vivid dream imagery) into the transition between wakefulness and sleep# Cataplexy: sudden weakness or loss of muscle tone without loss of consciousness, often elicited by emotion. Hallucinations at sleep onset (hypnogogic hallucinations) or upon awakening (hypnopompic hallucinations); and Muscle paralysis upon awakening (sleep paralysis). Narcolepsy: Treatment The treatment of narcolepsy is symptomatic. Somnolence is treated with wake-promoting therapeutics. Modafinil is now the drug of choice, principally because it is associated with fewer side effects than older stimulants and has a long half-life; 20CM00 mg is given as a single daily dose. Modafinil, like other stimulants, increases the release of monoamines, specifically the catecholamines norepinephrine and dopamine, from the synaptic terminals. However, modafinil also elevates hypothalamic histamine levels In the United States, modafinil is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration only for the treatment of narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea and shift work sleep disorder. In some countries, it is also approved for idiopathic hypersomnia (all forms of excessive daytime sleepiness where causes can't be established). Older drugs such as methylphenidate (10 mg bid to 20 mg qid) or dextroamphetamine (10 mg bid) are still used as alternatives, particularly in refractory patients.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Narcolepsy", "opb": "Psychogenic erectile dysfunction", "opc": "OCD", "opd": "Orthostatic hypotension", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "7c8d52c2-e81a-4d7b-a297-bb06ceca7ea3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Sociopathic personality is associated with the following", "exp": "(D) Drug addiction# Sociopathy, also known as psychopathy, is a personality disorder in which an individual lacks empathy and caring for people or societal norms. It is diagnosed as anti-social personality disorder or ASP, by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association.> It can lead to criminal behavior and institutionalization. No effective treatment currently exists.> The causes of sociopathy remain a mystery but scientific theories abound, including genetic mutation, abnormal nervous system development and problems in the home environment during childhood.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Alcoholism", "opb": "Schizophrenia", "opc": "OCN", "opd": "Drug addiction", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "82d075c8-7796-4c29-97af-b6819aea54c5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug of choice in mixed mania is", "exp": "(A) Lithium # Lithium has traditionally been the drug of choice for the tratment of manic episode (acute phase) as well as for prevention of bipolar mood disorder.> Lamotigine is particularly effective for bipolar depression.> Sodium Valproate is useful for acute treatment of mania & prevention of bipolar mood disorder and particularly useful in those patients who are refractory to lithium.> Carbamazepine & Oxcarbazepine are useful for acute treatment of mania & prevention of bipolar mood disorder and particularly useful in those patients who are refractory to lithium & valproate.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Lithium", "opb": "Lamotrigine", "opc": "Sodium Valproate", "opd": "Carbamezepine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "e4e6e18c-365f-4259-a616-c97166e5b44f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Somatic passivity is a feature of", "exp": "Somatic Passivity: The patient believes that sensation are being imposed upon his body by an outside force. Pa of Schizophrenia - First-Rank SymptomsSchizophrenia - First-Rank SymptomsDELUSIONAL PERCEPTIONAUDITORY HALLUCINATIONSDELUSIONS OF THOUGHT INTERFERENCEThought inseion (put into your head)Thought withdrawal (taken out of your head)Thought broadcasting (broadcast so that other people know what you are thinking)PASSIVITY PHENOMENON OR DELUSIONS OF CONTROLControl of the Impulses, Actions, Feelings, Sensations by an external force", "cop": 2, "opa": "Depressive illness", "opb": "Paranoid Schizophrenia", "opc": "Hypochondriasis", "opd": "Panic disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders", "id": "beb0d1f1-b69b-4d6d-976c-f5aab658bd98", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most reliable test for spinal tuberculosis", "exp": "Ans. c. CT guided biopsy", "cop": 3, "opa": "Raised ESR", "opb": "PPD skin test", "opc": "CT guided biopsy", "opd": "MRI", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "43ddca2e-110c-43c6-ae9f-01a9ead2bf21", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The DSM IV classification of psychiatric disorder as proposed by American Psychiatry Association classifies and helps in diagnosing the patient on multiple axes. Of these, axis V represents the degree of", "exp": "Axis I Axis I consists of clinical disorders and other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention. Axis II Axis II consists of personality disorders and mental retardation. Axis III Axis III lists any physical disorder or general medical condition that is present in addition to the mental disorder. Axis IV Axis IV is used to code the psychosocial and environmental problems that contribute significantly to the development or exacerbation of the current disorder. Axis V Axis V is a global assessment of functioning (GAF) scale in which clinicians judge patients' overall levels of functioning during a paicular time. Reference: Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry, 10th Edition, page 306.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Present state of symptoms", "opb": "Comorbid medical condition", "opc": "Global assessment of function", "opd": "Comorbid psychological problem", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Symptoms and signs in psychiatry and classification", "id": "0953ccc3-bb07-43e7-a37b-63f60fd62ed0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Altruism is an example for", "exp": "Altruism is a mature defense mechanism where an individual satisfies his internal needs by satisfying others.\nEx: A person who lost his son during accidents, started educating & campaigning people about road safety measures.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Narcissistic defense mechanism", "opb": "Neurotic defense mechanism", "opc": "Immature defense mechanism", "opd": "Mature defense mechanism", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "a5757ceb-a6f6-40a3-bd4b-60ff0c2258c8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A 40 year old male Raghu, is brought to psychiatric OPD with complaints of 6 months of odd and disorganized behavior. He also hears voices commenting about him. The likely diagnosis is", "exp": "Patient has auditory hallucinations and disorganized behavior, 2 out of 5 symptoms are present according to diagnostic criteria. And the symptoms are present for past 6 months, which suggests of schizophrenia.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Schizophrenia", "opb": "Delusional disorder", "opc": "Major depression", "opd": "Conversion disorders", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "a4688063-9f18-4a69-a323-878f22107eb5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "IQ is", "exp": "Intellectual Disability (ID), formerly known as Mental retardation. ID is defined as a disability characterised by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behaviour that emerges before the age of 18 years. Wide acceptance of this definition has led to the international consensus that an assesment of both social adaptation and intelligenc quotient (IQ)are necessary to determine the level of intellectual disability. Ref: Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11e, pg 1118", "cop": 1, "opa": "Mental age / Chronological age x 100", "opb": "Chronological age / Mental age x 100", "opc": "Mental age + Chronological age x 100", "opd": "Mental age - Chronological age x 100", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Child psychiatry", "id": "70790b9c-46ba-481b-90d6-7a0d243e308b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common psychiatric condition is", "exp": "(A) Anxiety related # Anxiety is the most common feature in phobic disorders. Manifestations include the following: Elevated heart rate Elevated blood pressure Tremor Palpitations Diarrhea Sweating Dyspnea Paresthesias Dizziness> About 1 in every 10 people will have troublesome anxiety or phobias at some point in their lives.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Anxiety related", "opb": "Depressive related", "opc": "Phobias", "opd": "Schizophrenia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "e58a26f6-a974-4b87-b644-07850861429c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Arrange the following subtypes of schizophrenia, in order of prognosis, with the best prognosis first and the worst prognosis last, 1. Paranoid schizophrenia2. Catatonic schizophrenia3. Simple schizophrenia4. Disorganised schizophrenia", "exp": "The correct sequence is Catatonic schizophrenia followed by Paranoid schizophrenia followed by Disorganised schizophrenia followed by Simple Schizophrenia Please remember in both DSM-5 and ICD-11, these subtypes have been removed", "cop": 3, "opa": "4-2-1-3", "opb": "2-1-3-4", "opc": "2-1-4-3", "opd": "1-2-4-3", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders", "id": "e11268cf-9f08-491b-8937-3875cbd26f46", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Parkinsonism differ from atypical parkinsonism by the absence of", "exp": "Atypical Parkinsonisms Characterised by Progressive supranuclear palsy Coicobasal ganglionic degeneration Frontotemporal dementia Multiple-system atrophy a)Cerebellar type (MSA-c) b)Parkinson type (MSA-p) Poor response to dopamine early loss of balance prominent intellectual changes rapid onset of progression conspicuous postural hypotension urinary & bowel incontinence Little or no tremor Reference: Chapter 372. Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement Disorders Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 18th edition", "cop": 1, "opa": "Resting tremor", "opb": "Postural instability", "opc": "Veical gaze palsy", "opd": "Gait abnormality", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "7dbe5e2f-e61e-4425-b9d7-bff75482c89a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Dementia is produced by deficiency of vitamin", "exp": "(C) Thiamine # DEMENTIA is the progressive decline in cognitive function due to damage or disease in the brain beyond what might be expected from normal aging.> Although dementia is far more common in the geriatric population, it may occur in any stage of adulthood.> This age cutoff is by definition, as similar sets of symptoms due to organic brain dysfunction are given different names, such as developmental disorders, in populations younger than adulthood.> In dementia, affected areas in cognition may be memory, attention, language, and problem solving.> Especially in the later stages of the condition, affected persons may be disoriented in time (not knowing what day of the week, day of the month, or even what year it is), in place (not knowing where they are), and in person (not knowing who they are).> Symptoms of dementia can be classified as either reversible or irreversible depending upon the etiology of the disease. Less than 10 percent of cases of dementia are due to causes which may presently be reversed with treatment.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Vitamin A", "opb": "Vitamin D", "opc": "Thiamine", "opd": "Pyridoxine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "08fd1340-756c-46ef-b8a8-10c66ede7188", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Treatment of hyperkinetic syndrome includes", "exp": "CNS stimulants are the first choice agents in that they have been shown to have greatest efficacy with generally mild tolerable side effect. Excellant safety record is documented fro sho and sustained release preparations of Methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine and dextroamphetamine and amphetamine salt combinations. Methylphenidate- 0.3-1 mg/kg tid; upto 60mg/day. Both dexamphetamine and methylphenidate act on the reticular activating system, causing stimulation of the inhibitory influences on the cerebral coex, thus decreasing hyperactivity and/or distractibility Ref: Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11e, pg 1175. A sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja,7th edition, pg no 167", "cop": 2, "opa": "Imipramine", "opb": "Methylphenidate", "opc": "Haloperidol", "opd": "Clozapine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Child psychiatry", "id": "b9468c3e-6af6-4fac-8203-d63a448e1519", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "IQ range of \"Imbecile\" is", "exp": "Idiot : 0 - 25.\nImbecile : 26 - 50.\nMoron : 51 - 70.", "cop": 2, "opa": "0 - 12", "opb": "26 - 50", "opc": "51 - 70", "opd": "71 - 85", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "a2fdfb75-cf50-4e73-aad7-9aaf87ed8034", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Maximum duration of sleep is spent in", "exp": "Maximum duration is spent in NREM 2.", "cop": 2, "opa": "NREM 1", "opb": "NREM 2", "opc": "NREM 3", "opd": "REM", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "9eb5a7d8-bfd5-4a0d-bf75-549fe61d0a44", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Paranoid psychosis observed with cocaine abuse can be explained by", "exp": "C i.e. Reverse tolerance", "cop": 3, "opa": "Tolerance", "opb": "Intoxication", "opc": "Reverse tolerance", "opd": "Withdrawal", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "c74277fa-635a-4af9-b080-102439b0e0b4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "M.C. psychological features of AIDS is", "exp": "B i.e. Depression Depression is most common psychological feature in: AIDSQ Post paumQ/ Post myocardial infarctionQ Post surgery Myxedema OCN leads to secondary depressionQ Pseudo dementia & Nihilistic delusions are seen in depressionQ.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Mania", "opb": "Depression", "opc": "Suicidal Tendency", "opd": "Violence", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "72c633e4-f17d-4498-8f86-75fa00ca5586", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Mood congruent delusion seen in Depression", "exp": "Nihilistic delusion is seen severe depression where patient denies the existence of himself & world. Also called as \"Cotard syndrome\".", "cop": 2, "opa": "Delusion of grandeur", "opb": "Delusion of nihilisim", "opc": "Delusional parasitosis", "opd": "Delusion of reference", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "636d6e7c-212d-4411-88e8-453f5685ca9d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "negative reinforcrmrnt was given by", "exp": "Behavioral therapy is learning given by BF Skinner , according to him all behaviors are learned phenomenon and thus can be unlearned Positive reinforcement a type of reinforcement when a behavior is rewarded there is more chance that the behavior is repeated Negative reinforcement is that when a behavior is done and an aversive response is removed, the behavior is repeated. When I go and meet my girlfriend, she checks my messages and picks up fight (aversive response) suddenly I delete all messages one day and that day there was no fight (no aversive response) then that behavior is repeated (delete all messages before meeting my girlfriend) Extinction is the type of reinforcement where a behavior is done and a rewarding response is removed the chance is that behavior will not be repeated A child likes to play with children( reward) but when the child fights with other children( undesirable behavior) the child will be removed from playing( removing a reward) , then the child stops fighting with other children( reduction of undesirable behaviour) Ref. kaplon and sadock synopsis, 11 th edition, pg no. 845", "cop": 2, "opa": "jean piaget", "opb": "B F Skinner", "opc": "braid", "opd": "mary ainswoh", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Treatment in psychiatry", "id": "04603f1c-2864-48b9-a387-814c15fd3a51", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The most common comorbid illness with depression is", "exp": "Substance use disorder is the commonest comorbid psychiatric illness. The other impoant ones are panic disorder, social anxiety and OCD. Substance use is more common in men depressives and anxiety in women depressives. Bipolar disorder patients have twice the rates of prevalence, in comparison to the unipolar depressive patients.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Anxiety disorder", "opb": "Substance use disorder", "opc": "Obsessive-compulsive disorder", "opd": "Comorbid illnesses are rare", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood Disorders", "id": "24877349-63c4-4c90-b422-7755767d1548", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Transmitters mainly involved in OCN is", "exp": "D i.e. SerotoninOCN involves Serotonin (5-HT) system, so fluoxetine (SSRI) is DOC.DiseaseRelated NeurotransmitterAlzheimer'sdisease- Acetyl cholineQ & Nor epinephrine are hypoactive- So anticholine-esterase - TacrineQ is used in treatment.DepressionNorepinephrine, Serotonin (5-HT)Q & Dopamine are reducedOCNSerotonin (5 117)(2SchizophreniaDopamine, Serotonin & Norepinephrine are ted(2", "cop": 4, "opa": "GABA", "opb": "NE", "opc": "Dopamine", "opd": "Serotonin", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "e09e47be-f3c3-4f28-a37f-74491907588e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The term ‘id’ was coined by", "exp": "The Id\nThe id is theorised to be the original state of human mental apparatus with which a newborn baby is born. It is totally unconscious, containing the basic drives and instincts concerned with survival, sexual drive and aggression.\nIt is characterised by primary process thinking and is based on the pleasure principle, lacking any direct link with reality. \nThe only urge of these drives is immediate gratification.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Freud", "opb": "Skinner", "opc": "Wayker", "opd": "Blueler", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "58f5f831-fec0-41bf-9893-5133ac3011d8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Wechsler test is a test for", "exp": "Wechsler Intelligence Scales are a series of standardized tests used to evaluate cognitive abilities and intellectual abilities in children and adults. Purpose: Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children and Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence are used as tools in school placement, in determining the presence of a learning disability or a developmental delay, in identifying giftedness, and in tracking intellectual development. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales (regular and revised) are used to determine vocational ability, to assess adult intellectual ability in the classroom, and to determine organic deficits. Both adult and children's Wechsler scales are often included in neuropsychological testing to assess the brain function of individuals with neurological impairments.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Memory", "opb": "Orientation", "opc": "Speech", "opd": "Intelligence", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Psychoanalysis", "id": "2d317caf-08fc-4f44-97f5-215935cff377", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Catatonia is most commonly seen with", "exp": "Catatonic schizophrenia (Cata: disturbed, tonic: tone) is characterised by a marked disturbance of motor behaviour the charecterstic feuture of catatonia is mutism and stupour catatonia can be rated by a rating scale called as Bush Francis Catatonia Rating Scale.It can present in three clinical forms: excited catatonia, stuporous catatonia, and catatonia alternating between excitement and stupor. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 59", "cop": 1, "opa": "Schizophrenia", "opb": "dissociation", "opc": "Anxiety disorder", "opd": "Obsessive compulsive disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Symptoms and signs in psychiatry and classification", "id": "acacbf69-12d7-4d1f-8973-6364ac6f8059", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "1st line treatment for smoking cessation includes", "exp": "Varenicline -ALPA 4 BETA 2 paial agonist for nicotinic receptors is the new 1st line treatment for smoking dependence. Ref: Essentials of postgraduate psychiatry By JN Vyas 1st ed Pg 351", "cop": 3, "opa": "Noriptyline", "opb": "Clonidine", "opc": "Varenicline", "opd": "Buspirone", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance abuse", "id": "9f624eff-f0aa-41e1-bf2e-ed1bb7254349", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Repetition of movements, actions, words, and phrases is known as", "exp": "Description: Perseveration: (1)Pathological repetition of the same response to different stimuli, as in a repetition of the same verbal response to different questions. (2) Persistent repetition of specific words or concepts in the process of speaking. Seen in cognitive disorders, schizophrenia, and other mental illness. egsample: when asked where are they from, they'll answer chennai when asked the next questions, what is their educational qualification, they'll answer chennai when asked the next question, wheather they have taken break fast, they'll answer chennai thus chennai, though an appropriate answer for the first question, it is inappropriately answered for the subsequent questions. D. Characteristic of obsessive compulsive disorder {OCD} Perseveration refers to the uncontrollable repetition of a paicular response, such as a word, phrase, or gesture, despite the absence or cessation of the original stimulus. Perseverative disorders can occur with various conditions including Alzheimer's disease, aphasia, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and brain injury. Ref: Kaplon and sadock, 11 th edition, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 622", "cop": 3, "opa": "Fusion", "opb": "Mannerism", "opc": "Perseveration", "opd": "Stereotyping", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Personality disorders", "id": "5f6846ac-2a1d-4fa6-b347-f4df469167e4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Declerembault syndrome is", "exp": "Declerembault syndrome or Erotomania: Delusion of love: is typicaly a young female of lower socioeconomic status believes that a highter socioeconomic status male is secretly in love with her, even after he denies it.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Delusion of Persecution", "opb": "Delusion of reference", "opc": "Delusion of love", "opd": "Delusion of grandeur.", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "55288273-d3c5-431b-97b7-3b64eb9e04bb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Narcolepsy is due to the abnormality in", "exp": "Narcolepsy: Types central nervous system dysfunction of sleep mechanisms, hypocretin dysfunction, and deficit With Cataplexy symptom tetrad (1) excessive daytime sleepiness (2) cataplexy** (3) sleep paralysis (4) hypnagogic hallucinations **Temporary sudden loss of muscle tone, causing weakness and immobilization onset second decade of life. Without Cataplexy trigger for cataplexy: Strong emotions(laughter and anger) Due To Medical Condition Nocturnal sleep-fragmented, considerable sleep disturbance is present (tumors or sarcoidosis of the hypothalamus, multiple sclerosis plaques affecting the hypothalamus, paraneoplastic syndromes) Treatment: scheduled naps, lifestyle adjustment, modafinil, SSRI Reference: P 2161 chap. 20 Sleep Disorders(Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th Edition)", "cop": 1, "opa": "Hypothalamus", "opb": "Neocoex", "opc": "Cerebellum", "opd": "Medulla oblongata", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "65c25af6-e378-40a7-8a4e-ed00d3beee24", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A patient with pneumonia for 5 days is admitted to the hospital in altered sensorium. He suddenly ceases to recognize the doctor and staff. He thinks that he is in jail and complains of scorpion attacking him. His probable diagnosis is", "exp": "B i.e. Acute delirium Delirium Acute confusional stateQ occurring in various medical, surgical, metabolic, toxic & post operative conditions. It is characterized by acute agitation, disorientation, and inability to sustain attention, form memories or reasonQ. Characteristic features include - Clouding of consciousnessQ (ie decreased awareness & decreased ability to respond to environmental stimuli) - DisorientationQ (in time > place > person) - Hallucinations (mostly visual) & illusionsQ - Autonomic dysfunctionQ, agitation, insomnia - Carphologia/floccillation (picking movements at clothes coversheets) & occupational delirium (pantomimes as if continuing the usual occupation in hospital bed) This patient in question has - disturbance in consciousness (altered sensorium) - disorientation - to place (thinks, he is in jail) - to person ( ceases to recognize the doctor & staff) - hallucination (complains of scorpions attacking him) - after acute medical illness. All these features are consistent with the diagnosis delirium. DSM-IV-Diagnostic Criteria of Delirium d/t General Medical Condition/Substance Intoxication/ or Withdral Disturbance of Consciousness (i.e. reduced clarity of awareness of the environment) with reduced ability to focus, sustain or shift attention. Change in Cognition (such as memory deficit, disorientation, language disturbance) or the development of a perceptual disturbance that is not better accounted for by a preexisting, established or evolving dementia. or C. Disturbance develops over a sho period of time (usually hours to days) and tends to fluctuate during the course of the day. D. There is evidence from the history, physical examination or laboratory findings that the disturbance is caused by direct physiological consequences of general medical condition/ symptoms (A, B) developed during substance intoxication and medication use is etiologically related to the disturbance /or of symptoms (A & B) developed during or sholy after a withdraw! syndrome", "cop": 2, "opa": "Acute Dementia", "opb": "Acute delirium", "opc": "Acute schizophrenia", "opd": "Acute paronia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "f1d7f52e-1363-469d-8903-2c03ffd5324f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "46 years old male Ashwath, comes to your OPD and while giving history suddenly becomes blank and blames that your stole his thoughts. Diagnosis", "exp": "It is a disorder of thought possession.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Thought block", "opb": "Thought withdrawal", "opc": "Neologism", "opd": "Perseverration", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "a57c4d7d-138d-4c06-8360-c24838f9b097", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Anaclitic depression is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Depression on top of dysthymia", "opb": "Depression with increased sleep & increased appetite", "opc": "Depression in child deprived of care taker", "opd": "Depression with seasonal pattern", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "12ffc582-a42f-4874-bcc0-a35b0fa58e05", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Anal phase of psychosexual stages of development is seen during", "exp": "Oral phase: 0-1.5 years\nAnal phase: 1.5-3 years\nPhallic phase: 3-5 years\nLatent phase: 5-12 years\nGenital phase: > 12 years", "cop": 2, "opa": "0-1.5 years", "opb": "1.5-3 years", "opc": "3-5 years", "opd": "5-12 years", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "8652bc51-efa3-4b41-9aba-60d1821ab73d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A Victim of Tsunami has difficulty in overcoming the experience. She still recollects the happenings in dreams and thoughts. The most likely diagnosis is", "exp": "Ans. a (Post traumatic stress disorder) (Ref: Ahuja Psychiatry 6th/pg. 263)POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER# PTSD arises as a delayed or protracted response to an exceptionally stressful or catastrophic life event such as disasters, rape, war or torture or serious accident.# The reaction may occur shortly after the trauma (acute stress disorder) or be delayed and subject to recurrence (PTSD).- Acute Stress Disorder: Anxiety lasts < 1 month (but > 2 days).- Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Anxiety lasts > 1 month.# In both syndromes, individuals experience associated symptoms of detachment and loss of emotional responsivity.# Women more likely to be affected than men.# Symptoms of PTSD may develop after a period of latency, within 6 months after the stress or may be delayed beyond this period.# The patient may feel depersonalized and unable to recall specific aspects of the trauma, though typically it is reexpe- rienced through intrusions in thought, dreams, or flashbacks, particularly when clues of the original event are present.# Patients often actively avoid stimuli that precipitate recollections of the trauma and demonstrate a resulting increase in vigilance, arousal, and startle response.# Risk factors for the development of PTSD include a past psychiatric history and personality characteristics of high neuroticism and extroversion. Twin studies show a substantial influence of genetics on all symptoms associated with PTSD, with less evidence for environment effect.# Etiology and Pathophysiology:- In PTSD there are excessive release of norepinephrine from the locus coeruleus in response to stress and increased noradrenergic activity at projection sites in the hippocampus and amygdala.# Rx:- Acute stress reactions are usually self-limited, and treatment typically involves the short-term use of benzodiazepines and supportive/expressive psychotherapy.# TCAs such as imipramine and amitriptyline, the MAOI phenelzine, and the SSRIs (fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram, paroxetine) can all reduce anxiety, symptoms of intrusion, and avoidance behaviors, as can prazosin.# Trazodone, a sedating antidepressant, is frequently used at night to help with insomnia (50 to 150 mg qhs).# Carbamazepine, valproic acid, or alprazolam have also independently produced improvement in uncontrolled trials.# Psychotherapeutic strategies that encourage the patient to dismantle avoidance behaviors through stepwise focusing on the experience of the traumatic event are the most effective.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Post traumatic stress disorder", "opb": "Conversion disorder", "opc": "Panic disorder", "opd": "Phobia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Anxiety & Stress", "id": "f9b1e68a-1b13-47a8-82e9-db0d9216beae", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Good prognostic factor in schizophrenia is", "exp": "Prognostic factors in Schizophrenia Good Prognosis Poor Prognosis Age* Late onset Young onset Sex Female male Precipitating factors present Absent Mode of onset Acute onset Insidious onset Premorbid functioning Good social, sexual, and work histories Poor social, sexual, and work histories Affective symptoms* Mood disorder symptoms (especially depressive disorders) Withdrawn, autistic behaviour Marital status Married Single, divorced, or widowed Family h/o* Family history of the mood disorders Family history of schizophrenia Suppo systems Good Poor Symptoms * Positive symptoms Negative symptomsNeurological signs and symptomsHistory of perinatal traumaNo remissions in 3 yearsMany relapsesHistory of assaultiveness Reference: P.476 chap 13 SchizophreniaKaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, 10th Edition", "cop": 4, "opa": "Early age of appearance", "opb": "Male sex", "opc": "Presence of negative symptoms", "opd": "Precipitating factors", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "4655fb13-4d01-43c0-b10a-446bc40f54b4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The term \"Dementia precox\" was coined by", "exp": "C i.e., Kraepelin Benedict Morel used term demence precoce (in french) for deteriorated patients whose illness began in adolescence. Emil Kraeplin translated it into dementia. PrecoxQ i.e. dementia = deteriorated cognitive process & precox = early onset Eugen Bleuler coined term schizophreniaQ Kahlbaum described catatoniaQ, Hacker decribed hebephrenia", "cop": 3, "opa": "Freud", "opb": "Bleuler", "opc": "Kraepelin", "opd": "Schneider", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "1f78b4ab-d93b-4f29-8a4e-d7d9cac19f76", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Stimulant drug is given to child for the treatment of", "exp": "Stimulant medication- dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate have been traditionally used for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Methylphenidate is the currently the drug of choice. it acts on the reticular activating system, causing stimulation of the inhibitory influences on the cerebral coex, thus decreasing hyperactivity and /or distractability (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja,7th edition, pg no 167)", "cop": 4, "opa": "Conduct disorder", "opb": "Speech developmental disorder", "opc": "Pervasive disorder", "opd": "ADHD", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Child psychiatry", "id": "73459d57-9156-49f8-8a57-f8b70eaec495", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In alcohol withdrawal, drug of choice is", "exp": "The usual duration of uncomplicated withdrawal syndrome is 7-14 days. The aim of detoxification is the symptomatic management of emergent withdrawal symptoms. The drugs of choice for detoxification are usually benzodiazepines. Chlordiazepoxide (80-200 mg/day in divided doses) and diazepam (40-80 mg/day in divided doses) are the most frequently used benzodiazepines. The higher limit of the normal dose range is used in delirium tremens. A typical dose of Chlordiazepoxide in moderate alcohol dependence is 20 mg QID (four times a day) on day 1, 15 mg QID on day 2, 10 mg QID on day 3, 5 mg QID on day 4, 5 mg BD on day 5 and none on day 6. However, in more severe dependence, higher doses are needed for longer periods (up to 10 days). These drugs are used in a standardised protocol, with the dosage steadily decreasing every day before being stopped, usually on the tenth day. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no.40", "cop": 3, "opa": "TEP", "opb": "Chlormethazole", "opc": "Chlordiazepoxide", "opd": "Buspirone", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance abuse", "id": "455a7df3-63c0-40a7-9e96-156c7220d438", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Monosymptomatic hypochondriasis means", "exp": "* Somatic o ALSO KNOWN AS * Monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis * Delusional parasitosis * Olfactory reference syndrome o DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS * HYPOCHONDRIASIS====NOT REASSURED as in hypochondriasis Ref.Kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry,11 th edition, pg no.333", "cop": 3, "opa": "paranoid type delusional disorder", "opb": "Declerambault syndrome", "opc": "somatic type delusional disorder", "opd": "othello syndrome", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders", "id": "a7c0b968-04cf-4bf4-a969-e98cb9612a5c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Hysteria is characterised by", "exp": "(A) Indifference to suffering # The characteristics of HYSTERIA are :> Impulsive, uncontrolled behavior (impulse dyscontrol).> Manipulative, exhibitionistic, emotional, dramatic, and/or seductive behavior (histrionic personality traits).> Absence of objective signs of organic illness.> Presence of multiple vague somatic symptoms, especially in a female patient (masked depression, somatization disorder or Briquet's hysteria).> Hypochondriasis; Any mental illness.> Presence of certain symptoms which are not explainable in the context of present organic illness (functional overlay, conversion symptoms).> Difficult patient; poor doctor-patient communication.> 'Sick' role or 'abnormal illness behavior'.; Psychosomatic disorders.; Malingering. ; Psychosexual dysfunctions.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Indifference to suffering", "opb": "Flight of ideas", "opc": "Pressure of speech", "opd": "Autistic thinking", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "9e421c94-2b77-4b40-bfeb-d704f8e20660", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Intense depression & misery, without any cause is seen in", "exp": "Melancholic depression is characterized by state of intense depression and feeling of misery without any cause.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Melancholic depression", "opb": "Reactive depression", "opc": "Schizophrenia", "opd": "Mania", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "d4ba8246-89cb-4d5c-8e38-33f67a02a941", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Delusion of Nihilism and Early morning insomnia are characteristic features of", "exp": "B i.e. Major depression", "cop": 2, "opa": "Mania", "opb": "Major depression", "opc": "Personality disorder", "opd": "Personality disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "a3dc06df-43ce-483d-9c2f-c62817550fd6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A young male, victim of earthquake few months back, presented with complains of recurrent and intrusive recollection of the events and thoughts with anxiety causing disturbed routine life. The likely diagnosis is", "exp": "Ans. a (Post-traumatic stress disorder). (Ref. Psychiatry by Niraj Ahuja, 5th ed., 115, 188)ACUTE STRESS DISORDER & POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDERThese disorders are characterized by Severe Anxiety symptoms & follow a threatening event that caused feelings of Fear, Helplessness or Horror.# Acute Stress Disorder: Anxiety lasts < 1 month (but > 2 days)# Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Anxiety lasts > 1 month# May occur at any age# 50% of cases resolve within 3 months# symptoms begin immediately after trauma, but may occur after months / years# Re-experiencing of the Traumatic Event- Dreams, Flashbacks or Intrusive Recollections- Avoidance of Stimuli associated with the trauma or numbing of general responsiveness- Increased Arousal: Anxiety, Sleep disturbances & Hypervigilance# \"Survivor guilt\" - A feeling of irrational guilt about an event sometimes occurs.# Rx: Counseling after a stressful situation to prevent PTSD from developing. Group Psychotherapy with other survivors is helpful. Pharmacotherapy: ntidepressants (SSRI, TCAs) or Benzodiazepines", "cop": 1, "opa": "Post-traumatic stress disorder", "opb": "Obsessive compulsive disorder", "opc": "Paranoid schizophrenia", "opd": "Delusional disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Anxiety & Stress", "id": "2aa42d31-6c2e-4814-b8d0-d72b46d366f3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Ekbom's syndrome is seen in", "exp": "Ekbom's syndrome or Delusional parasitosis is seen in cocaine intoxication where patient feels a sensation of insects crawling over the body.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Cocaine intoxication", "opb": "Amphetamine", "opc": "Severe depression", "opd": "Acute psychosis", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "3cfeff15-6063-4de7-8aac-e97821faffb9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Type of schizophrenia with mental retardation", "exp": "Pfropf schizophrenia occurring in the presence of mental retardation .it differs from schizophrenia in only that there is often a povey of ideation and delusions are not usually very well systematised.therefore behavioural disturbances are more prominent than delusions and hallucinations Ref: A sho textbook of Psychiatry. Nihal Ahuja. Edition 7. Pg no:61", "cop": 4, "opa": "Von-Gosh syndrome", "opb": "Paranoid schizophrenia", "opc": "Catatonic schizophrenia", "opd": "Pfropf schizophrenia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders", "id": "58aa3c2c-a4a7-49f4-bb99-ab8b246710fc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Kleptomania means", "exp": "Disruptive, Impulse-Control & Conduct Disorder: include intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania, kleptomania, conduct disorder*, antisocial personality disorder* , oppositional defiant disorder*. (* - usually described as a type of personality disorders) Feature Of Impulse-Control Disorders failure to resist an impulse /drive temptation to perform the act of tension or arousal before the act Pleasure/relief after the act Regret/guilt following the act compulsive drive to reduce dysphoria Intermittent Explosive Disorder (1) repeated aggressive acts resulting in the destruction of propey, (2) the dispropoionate response to the stimulus that preceded the aggression. Kleptomania - the Pathological compulsion to steal Pyromania -a pattern of behavior, with more than one occasion of purposeful fire setting. it is not done for monetary or other gains. Pathological Gambling- Gambling with increasing amounts of money needed to achieve the same level of excitement (tolerance) and restlessness and irritability when attempting to stop or cut back on gambling (withdrawal) Impulse control disorders and obsessive compulsive disorders involves doing repeated motor acts. In impulse control disorders, there is an urge and the person is not able to control the temptation and he does the act and finally by finishing the act there is a pleasure that is experienced. in obsessive compulsive disorder there is a obsession that is denoted by recurrent, irrelevant, intrusive thought and this thought is stressful To overcome that thought the person has to do some motor acts that are called as compulsions by doing these compulsions there is no pleasure but, there is a sense of releif of tension. b Reference: Page No.925 chap 7.3 Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry(Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th Edition) DSM-5 section II Disruptive, Impulse-Control & Conduct Disorder P-461", "cop": 2, "opa": "Irresistible desire to set fire", "opb": "Irresistible desire to steal things", "opc": "Compulsive hair pulling", "opd": "Pathological gambling", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "782b1cba-3ca2-4392-8cd3-5a1de1e79e2d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A 72 yr. old male lost 10kgs since last 3 months. He had profuse guilt for the mistakes he has done in life and doesn't sleep more than 4 hrs. per day. The probable diagnosis is", "exp": "Dysthymia is chronic mild depression in which person have symptoms for more than 2 yrs. Ref: Essentials of postgraduate psychiatry By JN Vyas 1st ed Pg 604-607", "cop": 2, "opa": "Schizophrenia", "opb": "Dysthymia", "opc": "Involutional melancholia", "opd": "Anhedonia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood disorders", "id": "7b3f5261-868c-4b15-8171-84c3a3cad6b9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The period of normalcy is seen between two psychotic episodes. The diagnosis is", "exp": "Bipolar mood disorder earlier known as manic-depressive psychosis is characterised by recurrent episodes of mania and depression in the same patient at different times. These episodes can occur in any sequence. (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja,7th edition, pg no73)", "cop": 2, "opa": "Schizophrenia", "opb": "Manic depressive psychosis (MDP)", "opc": "Alcoholism", "opd": "Depression", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood disorders", "id": "d0635db6-7a3e-4fb0-9bf4-31090de8b949", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Post Traumatic stress syndrome is due to", "exp": "D i.e. Major life threatening events", "cop": 4, "opa": "Head Injury", "opb": "CVD", "opc": "Minor Stress", "opd": "Major Life threatening events", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "d9ea0f70-05a4-4cb4-a7fc-5def9ce80413", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The term schizophrenia was coined by", "exp": "Emil Kraepelin: Manic-Depressive Psychosis and Dementia Praecox (dementia of the young). Eugen Bleuler - schizophrenia-\"splitting\" of psychic functions*. His four primary symptoms (four As) were Abnormal associations, Autistic behavior, and thinking, Abnormal affect, Ambivalence. Ku Schneider First Rank Symptoms Second-Rank Symptoms Audible thoughts Voices arguing or discussing(commanding voices) Voices commenting on patient's actions (commenting voices) Made feelings Made impulses or drives Made volitional acts Thought withdrawal Thought inseion Thought broadcasting Delusional perception Somatic Passivity Other disorders of perception Sudden delusional ideas Perplexity Depressive and euphoric mood changes Feelings of emotional impoverishment and several others as well . pneumonic 3HMT-DP Reference: Page No.1434 chap 12.2 Phenomenology of Schizophrenia (Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th Edition)", "cop": 3, "opa": "Erich muir", "opb": "Sigmund freud", "opc": "Bluelar", "opd": "Emil kraeplin", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "6b189422-736a-4f32-bd6e-09e192606d39", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Treatment of choice for bipolar disorder is", "exp": "ithium was introduced by JOHN F CADE it is used in treatment of MANIA it is a liver friendly drug it has to be used in caution with people with deranged renal parameters if the patient is on lithium, he should be warned about of intake of other meds like NSAIDS, ACE inhibitors , as it may result in toxicity if a patient develops lithium toxicity, the TREATMENT OF CHOICE IS HEMODIALYSIS Reference: p.565 chap 15.1 Depression and Bipolar Disorder", "cop": 3, "opa": "Fluoxetine", "opb": "Imipramine", "opc": "Lithium", "opd": "Chlorpromazine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "5005f639-4cf4-4b0e-a557-82e28978f76d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Yawning is a feature of", "exp": "Opoid withdrawl", "cop": 4, "opa": "Alcohol withdrawl", "opb": "Cocaine withdrawl", "opc": "Cannabis withdrawl", "opd": "Opoid withdrawl", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "98a67ca3-c9b4-4907-846b-1d0cb2ee3835", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Illusion with altered sensorium is seen in", "exp": "D i.e. Delirium", "cop": 4, "opa": "Schizophrenia", "opb": "Hysteria", "opc": "MDP", "opd": "Delirium", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "06e346af-97be-4fc0-b064-9fdd317fc128", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Impaired \"anticipatory posture\" is seen in", "exp": "Posture that a child assumes when he wants to get picked up is termed as anticipatory posture. Autism is characterized by poor parental attachment ,eye contact and absence of anticipatory posture.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Erb's palsy", "opb": "Autism", "opc": "ADHD", "opd": "Oppositional defiant disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "e333bbb7-8a8c-4358-8064-288703fa15db", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Irresistable urge to drink alcohol is known as", "exp": "Dipsomania", "cop": 2, "opa": "Kleptomania", "opb": "Dipsomania", "opc": "Pyromania", "opd": "Trictillomania", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "46e3bcb5-fb1e-4d5b-bd6c-383039fea85e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A young female presented with halo's abdominal pain and amnesia she is likely to be suffering from", "exp": "B i.e. Dissociative disorderAmnesia is seen in dissociative disorders and Conversion disorder presents with anesthesia (sensory dysfunction) voluntary motor dysfunction or hysterical fits.Q.Autonomic system is characteristically not involved in conversion disorderQDisorder PresentationDissociative disorder****AmnesiaQFugueQ (wandering away from home)Trance & Possession disorderGanser syndrome (hysterical Pseudodementia)QConversion disorder*Hysterical fits - usually occur in safe place & infront of people - never occur during sleep - injury, incontinence & tongue bite usually absent *Motor symptoms - paralysis - abnormal movements - gait disturbance (Atasia abasia) *Sensory symptoms - blindness but walks well & does not injure himself - tubular vision, deafness - Glove stocking anesthesia Loss of all sensation Abrupt boundary Not according to dermatomes - Hemianesthesia i.e. Loss of vibration sense maintains a strict midline seperation inspite of fact that vibrationcan be perceived on other side through bone conduction.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Conversion disorder", "opb": "Dissociative disorder", "opc": "Depresonalization disorder", "opd": "Mania", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "a6874576-93ac-4764-bb54-41ded09bf90f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The specific laboratory finding often reflect the clinical manifestations of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) is", "exp": "(A) Elevated Creatine kinase # Laboratory abnormalities of NMS:> Elevated serum CK -- Laboratory findings often reflect the clinical manifestations of NMS with more severe rigidity leading to more profound creatine kinase (CK) elevation.> In NMS, CK is typically more than 1000 IU/L and can be as high as 100,000 IU/L.> Normal CK can be seen if rigidity is not clearly well developed, particularly early in the onset of the syndrome.> Elevated CK, particularly in the mild to moderate range, is not specific for NMS and is often seen in patients with acute and chronic psychosis due to intramuscular injections and physical restraints, and sometimes without specific explanation.> CK levels greater than 1000 IU/L, however, are probably more specific for NMS, and the degree of CK elevation correlates with disease severity and prognosis.> Other-- Other laboratory abnormalities are common but nonspecific.> A consistent laboratory finding is leukocytosis, with a white blood cell count typically 10,000 to 40,000/mm3 . A left shift may be present.> Mild elevations of lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, & liver transaminases are common.> Electrolyte abnormalities - Hypocalcemia, Hypomagnesemia, Hypo & Hypernatremia, Hyperkalemia, & Metabolic Acidosis are frequently observed.> Myoglobinuric acute renal failure can result from rhabdomyolysis.> Low serum iron concentration (mean 5.71 pmol/L; normal 11 to 32 pmol/L) is commonly seen in NMS patients and is a sensitive (92 to 100 percent) but not specific marker for NMS among acutely ill psychiatric patients> Investigations FBC often shows leukocytosis. U&Es may show metabolic disturbance due to acidosis or renal failure. Hypocalcaemia is a frequent association. Arterial blood sample to assess acid-base balance. LFTs may show elevated transaminases and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of muscle origin. CK is usually elevated. Urine myoglobin should be checked. Coagulation studies (particularly prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and international normalised ratio (INR)) should be checked (to detect coagulopathy). A urinary drug screen should be performed (particularly for salicylates, cocaine and amfetamines). If sepsis is suspected then blood and other relevant cultures should be taken.> Imaging may be indicated: CXR should be considered if sepsis is suspected. CT scan of the head, in order to exclude other diagnoses. Lumbar puncture may be required to exclude other diagnoses (particularly where there is fever and altered mental status). There are no significant cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings in neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) other than raised protein.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Elevated Creatine kinase", "opb": "Hypocalcemia", "opc": "Increased Alkaline phosphatase", "opd": "Leukocytosis", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "19a3f2fe-c35a-491d-be17-711c04ba4683", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A 16 years old female presents with recurrent abdominal pain hut biochemical assays and ultrasound abdomen is normal. After\nwaking up from sleep, she suddenly complains of loss of vision of bilateral eyes. Ophthalmologist finds nothing on\nexamination. This condition is most probably due to", "exp": "A 16 years old female presents with recurrent abdominal pain but biochemical assays and ultrasound abdomen is normal. After waking up from sleep, she suddenly complains of loss of vision of bilateral eyes. Ophthalmologist finds nothing on examination.\nThis condition is most probably due to Malingering.\nMalingering is fabricating or exaggerating the symptoms of mental or physical disorders for a variety of 'secondary gain' motives, which may include financial compensation\n(often tied to fraud); avoiding school, work or military service; obtaining drugs; getting lighter criminal sentences, or simply to attract attention or sympathy.\nMalingering Fabricating or exaggerating the symptoms of mental or physical disorders for a variety of ‘secondary gain' motives, which may include financial compensation (often tied to fraud);\navoiding school, work or military service; obtaining drugs: getting lighter criminal sentences: or simply to attract attention or sympathy.\nMalingering can lead to abuse of the medical system, with unnecessary tests being performed and time being wasted by the clinician as opposed to those with legitimate health problems.\nMalingering can exist in a variety of intensities, from pure (in which all symptoms are falsified) to partial, in which symptoms are exaggerated.\nTreatment: Treatment lies in the clinician being able to detect the disorder.\nCues for the clinician include If the patient has legal problems Potential for financial reward,\nantisocial personality disorder If the patient’s story is in congruent with known facts or other informant accounts If the patient will not cooperate while being evaluated Psychological evaluation is\nalso recommended as a way to diagnose malingering, in particular, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) as this measure has validity scales of value for this purpose.\nThe MMPI-2 provides objective, scientifically based information about whether an individual has responded honestly to the test,\nor whether he or she has exaggerated or minimized psychological problems (possibly to obtain an external incentive, such as money damages in a personal injury lawsuit).", "cop": 4, "opa": "Bilateral optic neuritis", "opb": "Posterior cerebellar artery infarct", "opc": "Occipital hemorrhage", "opd": "Malingering", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "a9cb7bab-34ed-4da6-b144-31652dc64ada", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Neurotransmitter changes proposed in cases of Anxiety", "exp": "There are various neurotransmitters that is studied under the neurobiology of anxiety they are mainly as follows decreased GABA, hence benzodiazepines which acts on GABA is a onderful anti anxiety drug decrased serotonin , hence SSRI are used in management of all anxiety disorders increased norepinephrine, thus proponolol which is a beta blocker is used in the management of anxiety especially in social anxiety disorders. Reference: Kaplon and sadock, 11 th edition, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 387", "cop": 1, "opa": "Increased NE, and decreased GABA and serotonin", "opb": "Decreased NE and serotonin, and increased Ach", "opc": "Decreased GABA and Ach", "opd": "Increased serotonin, and decreased NE and GABA", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "f4718a6b-3259-4734-b48e-893b964969fd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The most common disorder associated with Panic Attack is", "exp": "(B) Post-traumatic stress disorder# 17 symptoms have been identified that make up PTSD.> These 17 symptoms are divided into three separate clusters.> Three PTSD symptom clusters, and the specific symptoms that make up these clusters, are described below.> Re-Experiencing Symptoms Frequently having upsetting thoughts or memories about a traumatic event. Having recurrent nightmares. Acting or feeling as though the traumatic event were happening again, sometimes called a \"flashback.\"> Having very strong feelings of distress when reminded of the traumatic event. Being physically responsive, such as experiencing a surge in your heart rate or sweating, to reminders of the traumatic event.# Avoidance Symptoms: Making an effort to avoid thoughts, feelings, or conversations about the traumatic event. Making an ef- fort to avoid places or people that remind you of the traumatic event. Having a difficult time remembering important parts of the traumatic event.> A loss of interest in important, once positive, activities. Feeling distant from others. Experiencing difficulties having positive feelings, such as happiness or love. Feeling as though your life may be cut short.# Hyperarousal Symptoms> Having a difficult time falling or staying asleep.> Feeling more irritable or having outbursts of anger.> Having difficulty concentrating.> Feeling constantly \"on guard\" or like danger is lurking around every corner.> Being \"jumpy\" or easily startled. Emotional numbing symptoms are part of the avoidance cluster of PTSD symptoms. Emotional numbing symptoms generally refer to those symptoms that reflect difficulties in experiencing positive emotions.> The specific symptoms that make up the emotional numbing symptoms are: A loss of interest in important, once positive, activities. Feeling distant from others. Experiencing difficulties having positive feelings, such as happiness or love.> PTSD is characterized by recurrent and intrusive recollections of the stressful event either in flash-backs (images, thoughts, or perceptions) and/or in dreams.> There is an associated sense of re-experiencing of the stressful event.> There is marked avoidance of the events or situations that arouse recollections of the stressful event, along with marked symptoms of anxiety and increased arousal.> The other important clinical features of PTSD include partial amnesia for some aspects of the stressful event, feeling of numbness, and anhedonia (inability to experience pleasure).", "cop": 2, "opa": "OCD", "opb": "Post-traumatic stress disorder", "opc": "Depression", "opd": "Schzophrenia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "d1cd03b9-992c-425a-a0d9-c71f6ce0e16a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug most useful in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder is", "exp": "Fluoxetine", "cop": 2, "opa": "Amoxapine", "opb": "Fluoxetine", "opc": "Doxepin", "opd": "Dothiepin", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "c244e7af-3cab-465a-a982-5dc248a1e063", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The technique of Psychological autopsy is useful in studying the causation of", "exp": "Etiology: Some of the common causes of suicide are: Psychiatric Disorders are a major cause of suicide. Some common causes are: Depression: Major depression Depression secondary to serious physical illness. Reactive depression, secondary to life stressors, e.g. family and/or marital disputes, failure in goal achievement, occupational and financial difficulties, and death of significant others. Alcoholism and drug dependence Schizophrenia Genetic factors (a concordance rate of 18% in monozygotic twins) and biochemical factors (low levels of 5-HIAA) are impoant in some case of suicide.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Schizophrenia", "opb": "Personality disorders", "opc": "Drug dependence", "opd": "Suicide", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood Disorders", "id": "cd8bdfe0-4f7e-49bb-b46a-258733ebe07b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Ailurophobia is", "exp": "Acrophobia : Fear of height.\nHydrophobia : Fear of water.\nAilurophobia : Fear of cats.\nXenophobia : Fear of strangers.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Fear of height", "opb": "Fear of water", "opc": "Fear of cats", "opd": "Fear of strangers", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "c9d89eaa-d0de-4143-91d3-c058d892eb7c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Microcephaly is related to", "exp": "(D) Schizophrenia # MICROENCEPHALY:> This is a disorder characterized by a small head and may be caused by a disturbance in the rapid growing of nerve cells. The term \"microencephaly\" is used to specifically denote a small brain. Relation has been found between schizophrenia, deletions of chromosomes and microcephaly> Microcephaly can also be associated with other conditions that are only indirectly associated with the nervous system: Alcoholism (which can result in the fetal alcohol syndrome disability); Diabetes; Varicella zoster virus (Chickenpox); Rubella (German measles); Radiation. After the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, several women in close proximity to Ground Zero who had been pregnant at the time gave birth to children with microcephaly> Many genetic conditions are associated with MACROCEPHALY, including familial macrocephaly, autism, PTEN mutations such as Cowden disease, neurofibromatosis type 1, and tuberous sclerosis; overgrowth syndromes such as Sotos syndrome (cerebral gigantism), Weaver syndrome, Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (Bulldog syndrome), and macrocephaly-capillary malformation (M-CMTC) syndrome; neuro-cardio-facial-cutaneous syndromes such as Noonan syndrome, Costello syndrome, and cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome; Fragile X syndrome; leukodystrophies (brain white matter degeneration) such as Alexander disease, Canavan disease, and megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts; and glutaric aciduria type 1 and D-2-hydroxyglutahc aciduria.> Cowden syndrome (also known as \"Cowden's disease,\" and \"Multiple hamartoma syndrome\" is a rare autosomal dominar t inherited disorder characterized by multiple tumor-like growths called hamartomas and an increased risk of certain form;; of cancer.> Clinical features of Cowden syndrome are diverse, including breast, endometrial, thyroid, kidney and colorectal cancers, dermatologic features such as oral and skin papillomas, trichilemmomas, gastrointestinal features such as mixed polyposis including hamartomas, and neurologic features such as autism and Lhermitte Duclos disease.> Tuberous sclerosis or tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare multi-system genetic disease that causes non-malignant tumors to grow in the brain and on other vital organs such as the kidneys, heart, eyes, lungs, and skin.> A combination of symptoms may include seizures, developmental delay, behavioral problems, skin abnormalities, lung and kidney disease.> TSC is caused by a mutation of either of two genes, TSC1 and TSC2, which code for the proteins hamartin and tuberin respectively. These proteins act as tumor growth suppressors, agents that regulate cell proliferation and differentiation.> Alexander disease is a slowly progressing and fatal neurodegenerative disease. It is a very rare disorder which results from a genetic mutation and mostly affects infants and children, causing developmental delay and changes in physical characteristics. Delays in development of some physical, psychological and behavioral skills, progressive enlargement of the head (macrocephaly), seizures, spasticity, in some cases also hydrocephalus, dementia", "cop": 4, "opa": "Alexander disease", "opb": "Tuberous sclerosis", "opc": "Cowden disease", "opd": "Schizophrenia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "4182ddad-77e5-4a3a-afc5-80b2edcfd33b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Semen squeeze", "exp": "* Squeeze Technique: * Variation of the Masters and Johnson method. * As a man approaches climax, either he or his paner squeezes the tip of the penis just below the head of the penis as he approaches the point of climax. * Pressure is held there until the sensation of impending orgasm diminishes. * This pressure can even be held until there is some reduction in erection. * The process can then be staed over again so that over time a man prolongs the time period until he reaches ejaculation. * Useful to treat cases of premature ejaculation REF : HARRISON 21ST ED", "cop": 2, "opa": "Erectile dysfunction", "opb": "Premature ejaculation", "opc": "Retrograde ejaculation", "opd": "Antegrade ejaculation", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "7b71a7e9-a736-461a-a63c-7728fa32dcde", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Behaviour Therapy is not useful in", "exp": "B i.e. Hysteria (This is a relative answer because cognitive therapy mostly use behaviour components also and are k/a cognitive behaviour therapy (C.B.T) )Some common clinical applications of behaviour therapy are agoraphobiaQ, other phobias, obscessive compulsive disorderQ (obscessive thoughts that accompany rituals), alcohol (drug) dependence, eating disorders (anorexia and bulimia nervosa), type A behaviour, sexual dysfunctions (impotence, premature ejaculation), paraphilias, shy bladder (enuresis), encompresis, hyperventilation and Schizophrenia (tocken economy for desired behavior). - Kaplan's 957Cognitive therapy is used in depression, panic disorder, GADQ, obscessive compulsive disorder, personality disorder and somatoform disorder (hysteria)Q. - Kaplan-958Stuttering is treated by combinations of behaviour distraction, relaxation techniques and directed speech modification therapy. Most modern treatments of stuttering include components that target stuttering as, in pa, a learned behaviour that can be modified through behaviour techniques eg self therapy proposed by speech foundation of America. It is based on premise that stuttering is not a symptom, but a behaviour that can be modified. - Kplan's -1188Somatization disorder combined with conversion disorder was earlier referred to as hysteria (conversion reaction or dissociative reaction). Somatization disorder is treated with cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), brief psychodynamic psychotherapyQ and antidepressants. (Kaplan-638, New oxford-1006). Evidence based psychological treatment of conversion disorder, involve CBT or interpersonal therapy discouraging, 'maintaining factors' such as excessive bed rest and challenging patient's negative or false beliefs (New Oxford-1019). Resolution of conversion disorder is facilitated by insight oriented suppoive or behaviour therapy (i.e. CBT). Hypnosis, anxiolytics, & behaviour relaxation exercises are effective in some cases. Psychodynamic approaches include psychoanalysis & insight oriented psychotherapy, in which patients explore intrapsychic conflictsQ and the symbolism of conversion disorder symptoms. (Kaplan's - 641-42)", "cop": 2, "opa": "Phobia", "opb": "Hysteria", "opc": "Stuttering", "opd": "OCD", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "9b7a12a1-16b0-4ef8-9068-935e11803c56", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common hereditary cause of mental retardation", "exp": "Fragile X-syndrome is the most common \"hereditary\" cause of mental retardation.\nOvarall most common cause : \"Down's syndrome\".", "cop": 1, "opa": "Fragile X syndrome", "opb": "Down's syndrome", "opc": "Frederich's ataxia", "opd": "Edward syndrome", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "e9531611-27a8-4bed-baf1-1a798efff3a3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A patient with pneumonia for 5 days is admitted to the hospital now with an altered sensorium. He suddenly ceases to recognize the doctor and staff. He thinks that he is in jail and complains of scorpion attacking him. His probable diagnosis is", "exp": "Ans.B. i.e. Acute deliriumDeliriumAcute confusional state occurring in various medical, surgical, metabolic, toxic & post-operative conditions. It is characterized by acute agitation, disorientation, and inability to sustain attention, form memories or reason. Characteristic features include- Clouding of consciousness (i.e, decreased awareness & decreased ability to respond to environmental stimuli)- Disorientation (in time > place > person)- Hallucinations (mostly visual) & illusions- Autonomic dysfunction, agitation, insomnia- Carphologia/floccilation (picking movements at clothes coversheets) & occupational delirium (pantomimes as if continuing the usual occupation in a hospital bed)This patient in question has- disturbance in consciousness (altered sensorium) - disorientation - to place (thinks, he is in jail)- ceases to recognize the doctor & staff- hallucination (complaints of scorpions attacking him) - after an acute medical illness.All these features are consistent with the diagnosis delirium.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Acute Dementia", "opb": "Acute delirium", "opc": "Acute schizophrenia", "opd": "Acute paranoia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "fead8126-aed9-4011-8ebd-5357aab87c0e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Total score in Mini Mental Status Examination (MMS", "exp": "Ans. is 'b' i.e., 30 Mini-mental status examination (MMSE)o The mini-mental status examination offers a quick and simple way to quantify congnitive function and screen for cognitive impairement It helps to confirm the presence of cognitive impairment and to follow the progression of dementia. It tests individual's orientation, attention, calculation, recall, language, and motor skills. Each section of test involves a related series of questions or commands. The individual receives one point for each correct answer. The individual can receive a maximum score of 30 points, i.e., MMSE is 30 point programme to evaluate cognitive function.QuestionsPointsOrientationo Name : season/date/dav/month/yearo Name : Hospital'fooritowfrstate,''country5 (1 for each name)5 (1 for each name)Registrationo Identify three objects by name and ask the patient to repeat3 (1 for each object)Attention & calculationo Serial 7s; subtract from 100(e.g., 93-86-79-72-65)5 (1 for each substruction)Recallo Recall the three objects presented earliero Languageo Name pencil and watcho Repeat \"No ifs and, or buts\"o Follow a 3 step command (e.g., \"Take this paper, fold it in half, and place it on table'')o Write \"close your eyes'' and ask the patient in obey written commando Ask patient to write a sentenceo Ask patient to copy a design (e.g., intersecting pentagons)3 (1 for each object)1 (1 for each object)13 (1 for each command)111Total30o A score of 25 or above suggests normal cognition. A score below 25 suggests possible cognitive impairment and a score below 20 indicates definite impairment.", "cop": 2, "opa": "25", "opb": "30", "opc": "32", "opd": "35", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Organic Mental Disorder", "id": "8851246a-9185-4be5-8b34-2d972d23f778", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Rorschach test measures", "exp": "this is Rorschach Test. it was given by Herman Rorschach, a Swiss psychiatrist. it was developed 1910. The Rorschach test is the most frequently used projective personality instrument. it has in total of 10 cards 5 cards are black and white as mentioned in the image 2 cards are black and red and 3 cards are multicoloured cards based on the response a individul given , the patients personality is assessed. Reference: Kaplon and Sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, page number:249", "cop": 3, "opa": "Intelligence", "opb": "Creativity", "opc": "Personality", "opd": "Neuraticism", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Symptoms and signs in psychiatry and classification", "id": "1dc770ac-a9aa-4deb-a6e4-f9894a29f598", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Methylphenindate is drug of choice for", "exp": "Ans. b (ADHD). (Ref. Pharmacology by KD Tripathi 5th/- 436; Harrison 18th/27, 369)Drugs used for ADHD# Methylphenidate# Amphetamine# PimolineMethylphenidate acts by releasing NA & dopamine in brain. It is preferred because it causes less tachycardia & growth retardation.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Obsessive compulsive disorder", "opb": "ADHD (attention deficit hypersensitivity disorder)", "opc": "Enuresis", "opd": "Autism", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Child Psychiatry", "id": "8cadb067-b35b-4389-ad2f-ce1e5562f67d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Child not eating vegetables. His mother stas giving a chocolate each time he finishes vegetables in the diet. The condition is", "exp": "Ans. a. Operant conditioning", "cop": 1, "opa": "Operant conditioning", "opb": "Classical conditioning", "opc": "Social training", "opd": "Negative reinforcement", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "24e193c5-5c96-4e0e-bb5b-92d9f9b3af83", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The major risk factor for bipolar disorder is", "exp": "There are several factors that is said to be a causation for bipolar disorders they can be classified under nature versus nuure hypothesis natural causes plays a impoant role and one of the impoant cause among them is family history or high genetic loadine more the number of genes more is the risk of bipolar disorder in a person Reference: Kaplon and sadock, 11 th edition, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 355", "cop": 1, "opa": "Positive family history of bipolar", "opb": "High neuroticism in personality", "opc": "Low socioeconomic status", "opd": "Stressful life events", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "b7a69c02-c493-4b5e-8df3-8b46e1a1b6c0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Pathognomonic of maniac episode is", "exp": "Mania tends to occur in episodes lasting 3-4 months followed by complete clinical cure In mania, there can be delusions of grandeur(grandiosity) with markedly inflated self-esteem. A delusion of persecution may sometimes develop secondary to a delusion of grandeur. (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th edition, pg no.69)", "cop": 2, "opa": "Elevated mood", "opb": "Grandiosity", "opc": "Decreased appetite", "opd": "Increased sleep", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood disorders", "id": "be651be5-430f-43a3-9c6c-4070a2340c09", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Erotomanic delusion is seen in", "exp": "(A) de Clerambault's syndrome # EROTOMANIA is a type of delusion in which the affected person believes that another person, usually a stranger, high-stalus or famous person, is in love with him or her. The illness often occurs during psychosis, especially in patients with schizophrenia, delusional disorder or bipolar mania.During an erotomanic episode, the patient believes that a \"secret admirer\" is declaring his or her affection to the patient, often by special glances, signals, telepathy, or messages through the media. Usually the patient then returns the perceived affection by means of letters, phone calls, gifts, and visits to the unwitting recipient. Even though these advances are unexpected and unwanted, any denial of affection by the object of this delusional love is dismissed by the patent as a ploy to conceal the forbidden love from the rest of the world.> The term erotomania is often confused with \"obsessive love\", obsession with unrequited love, or hypersexuality. Obsessive love is not erotomania by definition. Erotomania is also called de Clerambault's syndrome, after the French psychiatrist Gaetan Gatian de Clerambault (1872-1934), who published a comprehensive review paper on the subject (Les Psychoses Passionelles) in 1921.", "cop": 1, "opa": "de Clerambault's syndrome", "opb": "Cotard syndrome", "opc": "Couvade syndrome", "opd": "Othello syndrome", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "1a89ce4c-cc30-4290-b491-c70f39b61f34", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Erotomania is a", "exp": "Erotomania: Synonym for delusions of love. Erotomanic (De Clerambault syndrome): In erotomania, is also referred to as de Clerambault syndrome it is also called as psychose passionelle. here the patient has the delusional conviction that another person the person on whom the patient has a delusion is usally from a higher status or a celebrity the patient is usually socio economically deprived the patient beleives that person in the higher status usally initiates the love proposal. inspite of the patient and the person not having any contacy, patient beleives that the person sends hidden messages that the patient alone can understand the persons on which the delusions are built are stalked and there is even risk of homicide. Besides being the key symptom in some cases of delusional disorder, it is known to occur in schizophrenia, mood disorder, and other organic disorders. Reference: Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11th edition, Page 336.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Mood disorder", "opb": "Impulse control disorder", "opc": "Delusional disorder", "opd": "Personality disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood disorders", "id": "ecbb79b0-8a8b-457e-bcae-15d53c66cdca", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In ADHD the comorbid condition is", "exp": "Ans: a (Learning disability)ADHD :Cardinal features- Extreme and persistant restlessness,- Sustained and prolonged motor activity,- Difficulty in maintaining attention,- Impulsiveness and difficulty in withholding responses.Symptoms should atleast last for 6 monthsICD 10 requires that symptom should start before 6 yrs of ageComorbidityConduct disorder,Depressive disorder,Anxiety disorder,Learning disabilityLanguage impairmentTreatment1. Support and psychological Rx2. Medicationsstimulant drugs- if severe restlessness and attention deficitMethyl phenidates/e - irritablity .depression, poor appetite, insomnia, slowing of growthAmoxetines/e- nausea,abd pain,loss of apetite, sleep disturbance, severe liver damage", "cop": 1, "opa": "Learning disability", "opb": "Schizhophrenia", "opc": "OCD", "opd": "Seizure", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Child Psychiatry", "id": "b549c496-47fb-4206-99f5-1a5a1901d110", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Active substance in Hashish is", "exp": "D i.e. Tetra hydrocannabinol", "cop": 4, "opa": "Morphine", "opb": "LSD", "opc": "Mescaline", "opd": "TetraHydrocannabinol", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "839c46af-520e-4c32-83cb-8723d0d41f69", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Clang associations are seen in", "exp": "Patient adds rhyming words in a sentence even though they are meaningless.\nExample : I ate dosa, bosa is in mosa.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Mania", "opb": "Depression", "opc": "Schizophrenia", "opd": "Phobia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "d6312e46-02d9-47d3-a909-8e9f3b1d4c1f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Well dressed man comes with a feeling of women trapped in his body, he is suffering from", "exp": "GENDER IDENTITY DISORDERSThese disorders are characterised by the disturbance in gender identity, i.e. the sense of one's masculinity or femininity is disturbed. This group includes:1. Transsexualism: Male and female; primary and secondary.2. Gender identity disorder of childhood.3. Dual-role transvestism.4. Intersexuality. TranssexualismTranssexualism, the severest form of gender identity disorders, is characterised by the following clinical features: 1. Normal anatomic sex.2. The persistent and significant sense of discomfo regarding one's anatomic sex and a feeling that it is inappropriate to one's perceived-gender.3. Marked preoccupation with the wish to get rid of one's genitals and secondary sex characteristics, and to adopt sex characteristics of the other sex (perceived-gender).4. Diagnosis is made after pubey. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 121", "cop": 3, "opa": "Paraphilia", "opb": "Transvestism", "opc": "Gender identity disorder", "opd": "Frotturism", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Sleep disorders and eating disorders", "id": "4f92ae9e-fcdd-4ca0-92be-cdd2001530b2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The term \"Dementia praecox\" was coined by", "exp": "Although earlier descriptions of schizophrenia-like illness are recorded in the literature (such as in Ayurveda; Kahlbaum's description of catatonia; Hecker's description of hebephrenia), the scientific study of the disorder began with the description of dementia praecox by Emil Kraepelin. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 54", "cop": 3, "opa": "Freud", "opb": "Bleuler", "opc": "Kraepelin", "opd": "Schneider", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders", "id": "428d8d0b-8de5-4a13-8ddc-c19579cd1930", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Disorientation occurs in", "exp": "B i.e. Organic brain syndrome", "cop": 2, "opa": "Schizophrenia", "opb": "Organic Brain Syndrome", "opc": "Depression", "opd": "Mania", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "87af7f29-9c23-4e93-8ad5-609833205e10", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A 40 years old female presented with agitated depression, attempted to suicide, feeling of guilt The First line of treatment includes", "exp": "(A) Pentotal interview to resolve guilt # Important Steps for Preventing Suicide include:1. Take all the suicidal threats, gestures and/or attempts seriously and notify a psychiatrist or a mental health professional.2. Psychiatrist (or a mental health professional) should quantify the seriousness of the situation (a proper risk assessment).and take remedial precautionary measures, i. Inspect physical surroundings and remove all means of committing suicide, like sharp objects, ropes, drugs, firearms etc. Also, search the patient thoroughly, ii. Surveillance, depending on the severity of risk.3. Acute psychiatric emergency interview.4. Counseling and guidance i. to deal with the desire to attempt suicide, ii. to deal with ongoing life stressors, and teaching coping skills and interpersonal skills.5. Treatment of the psychiatric disorder(s) with medication, psychotherapy and/or ECT. ECT is the treatment of choice for patients with major depression with suicidal risk. It should also be used for the treatment of suicidal risk associated with psychotic disorders.6. Follow-up care is very important to prevent future suicidal attempts or suicide.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Pentotal interview to resolve guilt", "opb": "ECT", "opc": "Psychotherapy", "opd": "Antidipressent medication", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "c40355b0-b384-412d-864a-2b0f5650e7f5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Folie a deux is", "exp": "Shared psychotic disorder or folie a deux, the characteristic feature is the transmission of delusions from \"inducer\" (primary patient), who is the \"originally\" ill patient and suffers from a psychotic disorder to another person who may share the inducer's delusions in entirety or in pa. the person who receives the delusion is usually financially dependent on the inducer person the person who receives the delusion is intellectually less normal and tend to beleive everything that the inducer person tells. both the person who induces and receives the delusion live in close proximity they live in social isolation with less contact with the outside world as they remain together delusion system perpetutes. treament of choice for such patients is seperation of the receiver of delusion from the inducer and the symptom of delusion reduces. Depending on whether the delusions are shared among two, three, four, five and even twelve people, it is called as folie a deux, folie a trios, folie a quatre, folie a cinq and folie a douze. Shared psychotic disorder is mostly observed among people who live in close proximity and in close relationships. Reference: Kaplon and sadock, 11 th edition, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 390", "cop": 2, "opa": "OCD", "opb": "Shared delusion disorder", "opc": "Hysteria", "opd": "Neurasthenia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Personality disorders", "id": "1f10b85e-0f5b-4265-97c2-c4c1b8b13252", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not a feature of Wernicke's Korsakoff Syndrome", "exp": "C i.e. Normal pupillary response", "cop": 3, "opa": "Ataxia", "opb": "Psychosis", "opc": "Normal pupillary response", "opd": "Opthalmoplegia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "e5a70b3c-480d-4a40-8ca3-65460903b580", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Classical triad of global confusion, ataxia and ophthalmoplegia is seen in", "exp": "Wernicke&;s encephalopathy is an acute reaction to a severe deficiency of thiamine, the commonest cause being chronic alcohol use. Impoant clinical signs: Ocular signs- coarse nystagmus and ophthalmoplegia with bilateral external rectus paralysis occurring early. Higher mental function disturbances-disorientation, confusion, recent memory disturbances, poor attention span and distractibility are quite common. Other early symptoms are apathy and ataxia (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th edition, pg no.38)", "cop": 3, "opa": "Alzheimer's disease", "opb": "Delerium tremors", "opc": "Wernicke's encephalopathy", "opd": "Korsakoff psychosis", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Organic mental disorders", "id": "8d0c6732-e5ef-4414-b156-757457c84b8f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The prophylactic blood level of Lithium is", "exp": "The prophylactic blood level of Lithium is 0.5 - 0.8 mEq/L.", "cop": 2, "opa": "0.3 mEq/L", "opb": "0.6 mEq/L", "opc": "0.9 mEq/L", "opd": "1.2 mEq/L", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "beb77802-8d0c-4c50-9884-2e7167438062", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug of therapeutic benefit in Schizophrenia is", "exp": "D i.e. Fluphenazine", "cop": 4, "opa": "Lithium", "opb": "Doxepin", "opc": "Imipramine", "opd": "Fluphenazine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "0228d154-764b-47ac-818e-e9ff514c9ec0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not affected by Wernicke&;s disease", "exp": "In Wernicke&;s disease, neuropathologically, neuronal degeneration and haemorrhage are seen in thalamus, hypothalamus, mammillary bodies and midbrain. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no.38", "cop": 3, "opa": "Hypothalamus", "opb": "Thalamus", "opc": "Hippocampus", "opd": "Mamillary bodies", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Organic mental disorders", "id": "32bafe2e-149b-47ca-a836-64aa2d13d4a8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common cause dementia in an adult is", "exp": "Dementia is a chronic organic mental disorder characterised by impairment of intellectual function, impairment of memory, deterioration of personality with lack of personal care Alzheimer&;s is the commonest cause of dementia seen in about 70% of all cases of dementia in USA. It is more commonly seen in women (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja,7th edition, pg no23)", "cop": 1, "opa": "Alzheimer's", "opb": "Multi-infarct", "opc": "Pick disease", "opd": "Metabolic cause", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Organic mental disorders", "id": "07317fc2-68f9-4029-9494-35d5eb7a7e2b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Maximum benefit of Electro Convulsive Therapy is in", "exp": "Ans.C i.e. Depression with suicidal tendencyElectroconvulsive therapyProduces grand mal seizure in an anesthetized patient.Mechanism of action:- The ability of the brain to form and reorganize synaptic connections, especially in response to learning or experience or following injury.- Increases levels of Brain-Derived Growth Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth FactorIndications:- Treatment-resistant depression- Severe depression with suicidal risk(most common indication)-Depression with psychotic featuresEmergency:- Refusal to eat or drink- The imminent risk for suicide- Neuroleptic malignant syndrome- Catatonia and catatonic schizophrenia- Severe agitated depression", "cop": 3, "opa": "Hysteria", "opb": "Mania", "opc": "Depression with Suicidal Tendency", "opd": "Chronic Schizophrenia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "e64a2fda-f71a-4eea-b067-b5ef04805e3f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A 16 year old girl was brought to the psychiatric emergency after she slashed her wrist in an attempt to commit suicide. On enquiry her father revealed that she had made several such attempts of wrist slashing in the past, mostly in response to trivial fights in her house. Further she had marked fluctuations in her mood with a pervasive pattern of unable interpersonal relationship. The most probable diagnosis is", "exp": "Self inflicted injury, suicidal attempt, unstable mood (fluctuating mood) and unstable interpersonal relationship suggest the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Borderline personality disorder", "opb": "Major depression", "opc": "Histrionic personality disorder", "opd": "Adjustment disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "88bdee17-3c0c-462a-b4f0-40a2de18f9cd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Nihilistic ideas are seen in", "exp": "In the 19th century, the French psychiatrist Jules Cotard described several patients with a syndrome called delire de negation. sometimes referred to as nihilistic delusional disorder or Cotard syndrome. Patients with the syndrome complain of having lost not only possessions, status, and strength but also their hea, blood, and intestines. this is a charecterstic delusion that is present in sever depression Reference: Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11th edition, Page 336.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Simple schizophrenia", "opb": "Paranoid schizophrenia", "opc": "Cotard's syndrome", "opd": "mania", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Symptoms and signs in psychiatry and classification", "id": "8c184658-ae20-4d06-94e9-b3f790723f11", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Defense mechanism in depression", "exp": "Defence mechanism in disease Disease Defence mechanism Psychosis Projection Neurosis Repression Phobia Displacement Inhibition Depression Introjection OCD Undoing Reaction formation", "cop": 4, "opa": "Altruism", "opb": "Projection", "opc": "Undoing", "opd": "Introjection", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Psychoanalysis", "id": "73c7d7b6-5d0a-4f74-956b-edb70dc2c8d4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Person always has sexual thoughts & unacceptable sexual desire. He became a painter & picturized his thoughts by making nude paintings and sold them. This is an example of", "exp": "Sublimation is a maure defense mechanism where unacceptable feelings are expressed in a socially acceptable manner.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Acting out", "opb": "Intellectualization", "opc": "Sublimation", "opd": "Inhibition", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "089c6df5-ce54-4cd1-9c5a-47e89bf755bd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Punch drunk is boxers is a type of", "exp": "Punch drunk syndrome: Head injury is a risk factor for Dementia. People who take pa in boxing are at a risk of developing Dementia. This is due to repeated minor traumas to the coex, basal ganglia, cerebellum resulting beta-amyloid deposition in the brain Reference: P no. 110 chap.7 Factors influencing risk of Dementia Handbook of Dementia, Kar& Jolley", "cop": 2, "opa": "Delirium", "opb": "Dementia", "opc": "Disability", "opd": "Depression", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "29fdc667-6fbe-481a-9b94-0728e5f3921f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The difference between malingering and hysteria is", "exp": "D i.e. Conscious motive in malingeringThe most impoant difference between hysteria & malingering is that- In Malingering patient intentionally produces symptoms (conscious motive)Q.In Hysteria (conversion disorder), patient does not intentionally produces symptomsQ.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Hypnosis", "opb": "Malingering has poor prognosis", "opc": "Hysteria is more common in females", "opd": "Consciousmotive in malingering", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "1159bb06-db64-47c6-9c39-2a22882a216b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Congenital Anomaly produced by lithium therapy is", "exp": "C i.e. Hea block", "cop": 3, "opa": "Limb shoening", "opb": "Anencephaly", "opc": "Hea Block", "opd": "Renal Agenesis", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "f6112091-8441-4c2f-984f-121b5f8c2158", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The term \"id\" in the structural model of the mind refers to", "exp": "sigmund Freud was a pioneer in psychiatry he introduced the new school called PSYCHOANALYSIS he introduced the TOPOGRAPHICAL THEORY OF MIND he gave the concept of structural theory of mind he gave the concept of interpretation of dreams Reference: Kaplon and sadock, 11 th edition, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 447", "cop": 1, "opa": "Emotional pa of mind", "opb": "Rational pa of mind", "opc": "Moral pa of mind", "opd": "Conscience pa of mind", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "5c82b8ea-2239-4ebe-bc42-f873173a9860", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Biochemical etiology of Alzheimer's disease relates to", "exp": "Neurotransmitters, which are decreased in Alzheimer's disease:- Acetylcholine (most important), norepinephrine, somatostatin, corticotropin.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Serotonin", "opb": "Dopamine", "opc": "Acetylcholine", "opd": "GABA", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "8c0c5496-7657-415b-b71a-48505ecb10f8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Flight of idea is seen in", "exp": "A i.e. Mania", "cop": 1, "opa": "Mania", "opb": "Schizophrenia", "opc": "Depression", "opd": "Delirium", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "30fa4567-fd3d-4b9f-9658-cd28a9a37ac6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Alpha wave on EEG represent", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Awake and fully alert", "opb": "Awake with eyes closed with mind wandering", "opc": "Awake with eyes open", "opd": "Deep sleep", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "9d5fdd56-feef-451b-a6ec-11954a73efe8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Symptomatic treatment is not required in withdrawal of", "exp": "A i.e. Cannabis", "cop": 1, "opa": "Cannabis", "opb": "Morphine", "opc": "Alcohol", "opd": "Cocaine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "ad8904ea-3d2f-4c65-afa2-1e4b0b21b7d6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not a feature of Korsakoff Psychosis is", "exp": "A i.e. Normal Sensorium", "cop": 1, "opa": "Normal sensorium", "opb": "Loss of recent memory", "opc": "Loss of long term memory", "opd": "Confabulation", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "6c90a2d9-564b-4016-9525-8cee9e93d6b9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Mode of action of fluoxetine is", "exp": "C i.e. Inhibition of axonal uptake of 5 HT", "cop": 3, "opa": "GABA inhibition", "opb": "Adrenergic neuron blocking action", "opc": "Inhibition of axonal uptake of 5HT", "opd": "Adrenergic stimulation", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "f93d33d4-2271-4e9d-8ef5-e1003cf45c96", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Positive symptoms in Schizophrenia is because of", "exp": "a) ↑ dopaminergic activity in mesolimbic pathway → positive symptoms\nb) ↓ dopaminergic activity in mescortical pathway → Negative symtoms\nc) ↓ dopaminergic activity in nigrostriatal parthway → Paskinsonism\nd) Tuberoinfundibular pathway regulates prolactin secretion.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Increased dopaminergic activity in Mesolimbic Pathway", "opb": "Decreased dopaminergic activity in Mesocortical Pathway", "opc": "Decreased dopaminergic activity in Nigrostriatal pathway", "opd": "Increased dopaminergic activity in tuberoinfundibular pathway.", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "98c3eb6e-4ba8-41d9-a6ec-9d23c30f82e5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Double depression is", "exp": "(B) Depression with Dysthymia > An episode of major depression may become superimposed on an underlying neurotic depression. This is known as double depression.> Neurotic depression has been renamed as dysthymia or dysthymic disorder in DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10.> This category does not requi presence of stress as a precipitating factor, & does not put emphasis on the presence of other neurotic symptoms or traits.> Dysthymia is defined as any mild depression which is not severe enough to be called a depressive episode, and lasts for two years or more. This is more common in females, with an average age of on in late third decade.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Depression with 2 episodes", "opb": "Depression with Dysthymia", "opc": "Depression for 2 weeks/2years", "opd": "Dysthymia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "66e69058-6670-4ea8-a625-a428527d4657", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Confabulation means", "exp": "Striking feature of Korsakoff's psychosis is tendency to confabulate, which has been defined as falsification of memory in clear consciousness. It probably results from an inability to distinguish the temporal sequence of past events. The choice A means illusion and B and D means hallucination. Confabulation: As recent memory is more severely disturbed, very remote events are better remembered, especially in the initial stages. Recent memory impairment also leads to disorientation in time and place. To fill in the memory gaps, patient uses imaginary events in the early phase of illness (confabulation). With the progression of the disease, confabulation disappears.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Misinterpretation of stimulus by any of the special sense organs", "opb": "Perception in the absence of a stimulus", "opc": "Making stories to fill in the gaps caused by memory loss", "opd": "Conversion with imaginary person", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance Related and Addictive Disorders", "id": "93386596-c819-4112-bb43-245a92bec1bc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not a feature of mania", "exp": "B i.e. DisorientationDSM - IV Diagnostic criteria of Mania (episode)Abnormally & persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood lasting for at least 1 week (or any duration if need hospitalization).are neededInflated self esteem or grandiosityQDecreased need for sleepQ (3 hours)More talkative or pressure to keep talkingQFlight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racingDistractibilityQ (i.e. attention too easily drawn to unimpoant or irrelevant external stimuli)Increase in goal-directed activity (social, spiritual, religious, sexual)Q or psychomotor agitation Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities (eg unrestrained buying sprees, foolish business investments, donations or sexual indiscretions)Q that have a high potential for painful consequences.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Elation", "opb": "Disorientation", "opc": "Pressure of speech", "opd": "Delusion of grandeur", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "e6353d52-b2e2-42e6-ba15-a3d98e28260e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Antipsychotic drugs act through", "exp": "(B) Dopamine D2 receptor blockade # Antipsychotics work by blocking a specific subtype of the dopamine receptor, referred to as the D2 receptor.> Older antipsychotics, known as conventional antipsychotics, block the D2 receptor and improve positive symptoms.> Second generation of antipsychotics or Atypical antipsychotics, block D2 receptors as well as a specific subtype of serotonin receptor, the 5HT2A receptor.> It is believed that this combined action at D2 and 5HT2A receptors treats both the positive and the negative symptoms.> Atypical antipsychotics include clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, paliperidone and ziprasidone.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Dopamine D1 receptor blockade", "opb": "Dopamine D2 receptor blockade", "opc": "Dopamine D3 receptor blockade", "opd": "Dopamine D4 receptor blockade", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "b8534792-fa62-467d-94b9-8c502ce8666e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The term 'free association' is coined by", "exp": "A. i.e. Freud Psychoanalysis Credit for invention of psychoanalysis belongs to Sigmund FreudQ, (born on 6 may 1956 in Freiburg, Czech Republic spent most of life in Vienna (Austria) & died in Lndon in 1939)Q Principles of role of meaning, free association, resistance, transference, counter transference and parapraxes are at the core of psychoanalysis as a treatmentQ. Other tenets (principles) include unconscious mental activity, role of childhood experiences in shaping adult personality and notion of psychic determination. Concept of psychic determinism means that all mental activity is purposeful & meaningful (not accidental)Q, though unconscious, & is linked with previous experiences of life. Role of meaning - means all symptoms, thoughts, feelings & behaviours are final common pathways of meaningful psychological processes. Many of which were unconscious. So even content of auditory hallucinations (produced by biological factors) is meaningful & shows psychological characteristics unique to that patients. Free association is a technique when patient is asked to say whatever came to mind. Freud recognized that patients often resist the physician's effo to heal reflected by mundane behaviours such as unable to follow suggestions, missing medication or scheduled appointment; all reflecting unconscious resistance to getting better. Parapraxes or slips of tongue, often reveal unconscious intent that is outside the individual's awareness. Transference is patient's displacement of early wishes & feelings toward persons from past onto the analyst or physician. It is influenced by analyst's real characteristics as it is an admixture of figures from the patient's past & the real relationship with the clinician in present. Counter transference is the flip side of transference - the clinician's feelings towards the patientQ, based on mixture of real characteristics of patient and qualities associated with figures from the clinician's past. In classical psychoanalysis, no detailed history taking, mental status examination or formalized diagnosis is attempted. The patient is allowed to communicate unguidedQ, by using free association. Therapist constantly challenges existing defences & interprets resistances and transference (patient's feeling, behaviour & relationship with the therapist)Q. The physician remains passive & his approach is non-directive i.e. no direct advice is ever givenQ to the patient. The crux of therapy is on interpretation.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Freud", "opb": "Adler", "opc": "Erikson", "opd": "Juna", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "52406578-87e0-4a49-8948-b41311326fa7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A 31 year old male, with mood disorder, on 30 mg of haloperidol and 100 mg of lithium, is brought to the hospital emergency room with history of acute onset of fever, excessive sweating, confusion, rigidity of limbs and decreased communication for a day. Examination reveals tachycardia and labile blood pressure and investigations reveal increased CPK enzyme levels and lecocytosis. He is likely to have developed.", "exp": "C i.e. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "cop": 3, "opa": "Lithium toxicity", "opb": "Tardive dyskinesia", "opc": "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "opd": "Hypeensive encephalopathy", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "7bee6e1f-cf32-4810-8f21-6e7876f8e679", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Concrete thinking stage of cognitive development is", "exp": "Stages of Intellectual development was postulated by Jean Piaget. 0- 1.5 yrs Senosorimotor 2- 7 yrs Preoperational 7- 11 yrs Concrete operation 11 to end of adolescence Formal operation Concrete operation is so named because in this period child operates and acts on concrete, real and perceivable world of objects and events. Ref: Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11e, pg 94.", "cop": 3, "opa": "0-2 years", "opb": "2-5 years", "opc": "5-10 years", "opd": "10-15 years", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Cognitive development and defence mechanism", "id": "f5c4320c-67e0-4ba6-9ebd-15df56f522be", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Risk factor for suicide", "exp": "some of the risk factors for suicide are male gender substance abuse recent stressor family history of attempted or completed suicide past history of attempted or completed suicide personality--- Borderline personality disorder charecterstic---impulsivity unmarried umemployed lack of spouse lack of soial suppo Reference: Kaplon and sadock, 11 th edition, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 307", "cop": 2, "opa": "Female sex", "opb": "Unmarried", "opc": "Age 30 years", "opd": "Married", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "36922a5f-e682-408a-ba4e-e9bab60ee0b5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "DSM IV criteria for depression is", "exp": "DURATION CRITERIA FOR DEPRESSION======14 DAYS DURATION CRITERIA FOR MANIA==========7 DAYS DURATION CRITERIA FOR HYPOMANIA======4 DAYS DURATION CRITERIA FOR DYSTHYMIA======2 YEARS DSM-IV-TR Criteria for Major Depressive Episode A. Atleast 1 symptom B.5 or more symptoms i)depressed mood ii)loss of interest or pleasure depressed mood markedly diminished interest/pleasure significant weight loss/ weight gain. insomnia or hypersomnia psychomotor agitation or retardation fatigue or loss of energy wohlessness or inappropriate guilt inability to think or concentrate recurrent thoughts of death , suicidal idea, suicide attempt A+B have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning. Reference: p.535 chap 15.1 Depression and Bipolar Disorder", "cop": 2, "opa": "1 week", "opb": "2 weeks", "opc": "3 weeks", "opd": "4 weeks", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "abbf0b34-17d2-4b93-bb9c-9cd5f0821fea", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Repetition of movements, actions, words and phrases beyond point of relevance", "exp": "Perseveration: (1) Pathological repetition of the same response to different stimuli, as in a repetition of the same verbal response to different questions. (2) Persistent repetition of specific words or concepts in the process of speaking. Seen in cognitive disorders, schizophrenia, and other mental illness. egsample: when asked where are they from, they'll answer chennai when asked the next questions, what is their educational qualification, they'll answer chennai when asked the next question, wheather they have taken break fast, they'll answer chennai thus chennai, though an appropriate answer for the first question, it is inappropriately answered for the subsequent questions. Reference: Kaplan & Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry, 11th edition, page 1415.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Fusion", "opb": "Mannerism", "opc": "Perseveration", "opd": "Stereotypy", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Symptoms and signs in psychiatry and classification", "id": "c5ce7974-10e9-46b4-8f19-29b64c0de9f6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Beta Wave tracing in EEG is found in", "exp": "EEG waves wave frequency condition beta > 13Hz during cognitive effos, drowsiness and light sleep alpha 8-13Hz relaxed wakefulness with eyes closed theta 4-7.5Hz deep sleep, hyperventillation delta 0.1-3.5Hz drowsiness, deep sleep Ref: Standard EEG in clinical psychiatry, Wiley-blackwell, 1e, pg 34.", "cop": 4, "opa": "REM sleep", "opb": "NREM sleep", "opc": "Quiet wakefulness", "opd": "Awake", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Sleep disorders and eating disorders", "id": "db0a4d80-721b-4110-97af-892752831c98", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The maximum DALY loss is for the following disease", "exp": "DALY is called as Disability Adjusted Life year it was given by WHO to quantify the burden of various disorders it is studied as sum of years of life lost due to premature death plus years lost due to dysability it has been found that mood disorders and alcohol use disorder ranks highest in the DALY Reference: Kaplon and sadock, 11 th edition, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 1400", "cop": 2, "opa": "Schizophrenia", "opb": "Unipolar depression", "opc": "Bipolar depression", "opd": "Mania", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "56c1bb65-4608-4fb2-9ddd-550142e6aabc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The site of lesion in Korsakoff's psychosis is", "exp": "C i.e. Mammilary body", "cop": 3, "opa": "Frontal lobe", "opb": "Corpus striatum", "opc": "Mammilary Body", "opd": "Cingulate gyrus", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "a54269c6-2645-4ef6-8ec1-58ff30939641", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Features of serotonin syndrome associated with SSRI and MAOIs are", "exp": "Co-prescription of serotonergic drugs with other serotonergic agents and especially MAOIs can lead to serotonin syndrome.it is characterised by classic triad of mental status changes,neuromuscular abnormalities and autonomic hyperactivity.these include anxiety, agitation, confusion, clonus, hyperreflexia, myoclonus, rigidity, increased hea rate, tremor, flushing, hypehermia and excessive sweating. Death can occur in severe serotonin syndrome. (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th edition, pg no185)", "cop": 1, "opa": "Tremors", "opb": "Agitation", "opc": "Cardiovascular collapse", "opd": "Hypothermia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Pharmacotherapy in psychiatry", "id": "e2274b2e-b66d-45d3-b799-146529421f3f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common psychiatric disorder in community is", "exp": "(A) Depression # DEPRESSION is the most common psychiatric illness in India.> Neurotic depression is far common than psychotic depression.> Neurotic depression is followed by anxiety neurosis is prevalence.> This is in contrast to West, where anxiety neurosis is the commonest.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Depression", "opb": "Schizophrenia", "opc": "Paranoid disorders", "opd": "Obsessive compulsive neurosis", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "a6ac4478-bd5f-41e6-9107-20c03f32bb4f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Desensitization is a type of", "exp": "BEHAVIOUR THERAPY : Systematic Desensitization, Therapeutic-Graded Exposure, flooding, Paicipant, Modeling, Asseiveness Training, Social Skills Training, Aversion Therapy, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing(EMDR)* Systematic Desensitization (Wolpe) based on counterconditioning, therapy for all types of phobia is exposure it can be done by several means systemic sensitization works on the mechanism of graded exposure along with relaxation flooding is a technique involved sudden and reapid exposure and extinction of phobia in systemic desensitization, the main steps that are invoved are mainly introducing a step ladder and combining it with relaxation and hence helps them to overcome that paicular phobia this method of systemic desensitization was given by Joseph Wolpe a person overcomes maladaptive anxiety elicited by a situation or an object by approaching the feared situation gradually in a state of complete relaxation and are then exposed to the stimulus that elicits the anxiety response. The negative reaction of anxiety is inhibited by the relaxed state, a process called reciprocal inhibition. Indications: Phobias, obsessions, compulsions, and ceain sexual disorders Reference: P.2789 30.3 Behavior Therapy(Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th Edition)", "cop": 3, "opa": "Psychotherapy", "opb": "Psychoanalysis", "opc": "Behavioural therapy", "opd": "Psycodynamic therapy", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "a43a97f7-25ef-4719-9645-02998c399e78", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Antisocial behaviour/ Dissocial personality is characterised by", "exp": "1. Callous inconcern for the feelings of others. 2. Gross and persistent attitude of irresponsibility and disregard for social norms, rules and regulations, 3. incapacity to maintain enduring relationships, though having no difficulty in establishing them 4. very low tolerance to frustration and a low threshold for discharge of aggression, including violence. 5. incapacity to experience guilt or to profit from experience, paicularly punishment. 6. marked proneness to blame others, or to offer plausible rationlisations, for the behaviour that has brought patient into conflict with society. Ref: ICD-10, CDDG, pg 159.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Excessive sensitivity to suspiciousness", "opb": "Emotional coldness and lack of pressure", "opc": "Unconcern for feelings of others, disregard for social norms", "opd": "Self dramatization and exaggerated expression of emotions", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Child psychiatry", "id": "ad34f462-d86b-49da-bb99-a3cfa893d7b9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Delusion of doubles is found in", "exp": "CAPGRAS' SYNDROME (THE DELUSION OF DOUBLES) Capgras' syndrome is a syndrome that is closely related to delusional disorders and is characterised by a delusional conviction that other persons in the environment are not their real selves but are their own doubles. It is one of the several delusional misidentification syndromes, of which there are four types described: 1. Typical Capgras' syndrome ( Illusion des sosies): Here the patient sees a familiar person as a complete stranger who is imposing on him as a familiar person. 2. Illusion de Fregoli: The patient falsely identifies stranger(s) as a familiar person(s). 3. Syndrome of subjective doubles: The patient's own self is perceived as being replaced by a double. 4. Intermetamorphosis: Here the patient's misidentification is complete and the patient misidentifies not only the 'external appearance' (as in the previous three types) but also the complete personality. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 87", "cop": 2, "opa": "Schizo affective disorder", "opb": "Capgras syndrome", "opc": "Reactive psychosis", "opd": "Paranoid schizophrenia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders", "id": "af5b5604-4b58-4e84-b3a8-a70a87e3fa97", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The AUDIT questionnaire is used for detection of", "exp": "Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a simple method of screening for excessive drinking and to assist in brief assessment. It is a screening tool it has 10 items it was developed by WHO( world health organisation) it assess alcohol consumption, drinking behaviors, and alcohol-related problems A score of 8 or more is considered to indicate hazardous or harmful alcohol use maximum score is 40 Ref: Kaplon and sadock, 11 th edition, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 624", "cop": 4, "opa": "Schizophrenia", "opb": "Opioid addiction", "opc": "Depression", "opd": "Alcoholism", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance abuse", "id": "932efa21-a881-4fac-8090-3c987c9810e9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "\"Magical thinking\" is seen in", "exp": "Patients with schizotypal personality disorder will have odd & eccentric thoughts & magical thining, that is he believes that his thinking can influence external world.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Schizoid personality disorder", "opb": "Schizotypal personality disorder", "opc": "Histrionic personality disorder", "opd": "Narcisstic personality disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "7faadabe-2f29-4182-8c2e-d3ce632ee345", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Deficiency of hypocretin leads to", "exp": "Hypocretin is a neurotransmitter that promotes wakefulness and it's deficiency leads to Narcolepsy.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Somnambulism", "opb": "Bruxism", "opc": "Narcolepsy", "opd": "Restless leg symdrome", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "c5d33c87-b5e9-42f5-b878-fe3949dfc9ee", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug of choice for delirium tremens is", "exp": "Alcohol Withdrawal: * when there is Cessation of (or reduction in) alcohol use that has been heavy and prolonged. Two (or more) of the following, develop increased hand tremor insomnia Anxiety grand mal seizures nausea vomiting psychomotor agitation hallucinations or illusions transient visual, tactile,auditory autonomic hyperactivity The classic sign of alcohol withdrawal is tremulousness Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium(Delirium Tremens*): alcohol intoxication/withdrawal is associated with agitated confusion, tactile or visual hallucinations, delusions, seizures. *Rum Fits -During withdrawal causes one or several grand mal convulsions. Treatment of delirium tremens: benzodiazepines, antipsychotic agents(haloperidol). Reference: P.396 397 chap 12.2 - Alcohol-Related DisordersSuicide Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry, 10th Edition", "cop": 3, "opa": "Acamprosate", "opb": "Barbiturates", "opc": "Benzodiazepines", "opd": "Naltrexone", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "74c3b9bd-50d5-40ad-8232-8de4701e369a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most useful drug in Enuresis is", "exp": "C i.e. TrimipramineNocturnal eneuresis can be managed by behavior therapy eg classic conditioning with eneuresis alarm (method of choice)Q, desmopressin, (drug of choice)Q & tricyclic antidepressant imipramineQ.Behavioral Therapy- Behavioral therapy eg classic conditioning with the bell (or buzzer) & pad apparatus (=Enuresis alrm system) is the most effective treatment for enuresis with minimum relapse.- Enuresis alarm system (i.e. classic conditioning behavioral therapy) is the method/treatment of choice. It is equally effective in children with or without concomitant mental disorders.Other Behavioral Modification & Motivation Therapy- Restriction of fluid intake after 8 p.m.- Interruption of sleep before the expected time of bed wetting- Bladder training aimed at increasing the holding time ofbladder, encouragement or reward for delaying micturation for increasing times during waking hours has also been used.- These behavioral modifications and motivational therapy (reward for being dry at night) may although sometimes be effective, these methods are decidedly inferior to the bell and pad.PsychotherapySuppoive psychotherapy to child & parents may deal with coexisting secondary emotional & family difficulties but is not effective alone in the sho term treatment of enuresis.PharmacotherapyMedication is considered when problem interfers significantly with child's functioning causing impairment in social, family, & school function & behavioral and fluid restriction have not been efficacious. Although the problem often recurres as soon as the medication is withdrawn. Approved drugs include - Desmopressin (DDAVP, an antidiuretic compound available as an intranasal spray) is the drug of choice.- Reboxetine, a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (non cardiotoxic)- Tricyclic antidepressant imipramineQ (not preferred d/t risk of sudden death in children with ADHD). -Anticholinergics, amphetamines, diazepam (no beneficial response)", "cop": 3, "opa": "Haloperiodol", "opb": "Diazepam", "opc": "Trimipramine", "opd": "Chlorpromazine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "27a58e3b-ddf0-4b0a-bcb0-ef3549bc72dc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Flooding is a treatment modality used in", "exp": "Phobia is treated by behaviour therapy. If properly planned, this mode of treatment is usually successful. Impoant techniques are flooding, systemic desensitisation, exposure and response prevention, relaxation technique (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th edition, pg no.94)", "cop": 1, "opa": "Phobia", "opb": "Depression", "opc": "Mania", "opd": "Schizophrenia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Anxiety disorders stress disorders and grief", "id": "e29a788c-4a30-4c69-b6a9-3661b1ef0650", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A lady used to repeatedly wash her hands due to the fear of acquiring AIDS is due to", "exp": "(A) OCD # Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric anxiety disorder most commonly characterized by a subject's obsessive, distressing, intrusive thoughts and related compulsions (tasks or \"rituals\") which attempt to neutralize the obsessions.# Obsessions are defined by:> Recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that are experienced at some time during the disturbance, as intrusive and inappropriate and that cause marked anxiety or distress.> Thoughts, impulses, or images are not simply excessive worries about real-life problems.> Person attempts to ignore or suppress such thoughts, impulses, or images, or to neutralize them with some other thought or action.> Person recognizes that the obsessional thoughts, impulses, or images are a product of his or her own mind, and are not based in reality.> Tendency to haggle over small details that the viewer is unable to fix or change in any way. This begins a mental pre-occupation with that which is inevitable.# Compulsions are defined by:> Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession, or according to rules that must be applied rigidly.> The behaviors or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing distress or preventing some dreaded event or situation; however, these behaviors or mental acts either are not connected in a realistic way with what they are designed to neutralize or prevent or are clearly excessive.", "cop": 1, "opa": "OCD", "opb": "Mania", "opc": "Depression", "opd": "Anxiety", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "c337bf74-49d1-4b5d-9838-04319f80bd54", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Frued is known for", "exp": "Ans. a (Psychoanalysis) (Ref. Neeraj Ahuja, 5th/pg.55, 210)Psychoanalysis was first described by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939).Psychoanalysis encomprises of:1. A psychological theory of mind and personality development based primarily on the concept of intrapsychic conflict.2. A procedure for the investigation of unconscious psychic processes otherwise inaccessible3. A therapeutic technique of treating psychiatric disorder by psychological means.NAMECOMMENTSEugen Bleuler- Named schizophrenia, and held that its defining characteristic was a disorder of the thinking process.- First introduced the term autism in 1911.- Coined the term ambivalence (the coexistence of two opposing drives, desires, feelings or emotions towards the same person, object or goal) to designate one of the major symptoms of schizophrenia.Kraeplin- Coined the term 'dementia precox'.Sigmond Freud- 'Psychotherapy' is after his name.- Invention of 'psychoanalysis'", "cop": 1, "opa": "Psychoanalysis", "opb": "Cognitive therapy", "opc": "Counselling", "opd": "Flooding", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Psychoanalysis", "id": "cb8a27ca-bb7d-4c5d-bb3d-1f98b5f767b1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Sigmund Freud divided \"Id, Ego and Superego\" as 3 components of mind according to", "exp": "Structural theory of mind: Includes Ig, Ego and Superego\nTopographical theory of mind: Includes Unconscious, Preconscious and Conscious as 3 parts of mind.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Topographical theory of mind", "opb": "Structural theory of mind", "opc": "Psychoanalytical theory of mind", "opd": "Primary process of thinking", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "943cde7a-7a52-4a8f-9d88-ee50f016ea92", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Stereotypic moments are", "exp": "Stereotypic movements are seen in catatonic type of schizophrenia.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Sustained posture against gravity", "opb": "Passive inducible movements", "opc": "Repetitive, spontaneous, nonfunctional movements", "opd": "Resistance to passive movements", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "01b05661-0555-4a89-892e-fc7d1a2a8874", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Patient with IQ of 60 has", "exp": "Mental Retardation Level IQ Range 1. Mild 50-70* 2. Moderate 35-50* 3. Severe 20-35* 4. Profound <20* Reference: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry by Niraj Ahuja page no.156.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Severe MR", "opb": "Profound MR", "opc": "Moderate MR", "opd": "Mild MR", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Organic mental disorders", "id": "68c854bc-5abf-4d40-b709-b2c425eb3e7c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Rorschach test is done with", "exp": "The Rorschach Inkblot Test is a projective psychological test consisting of 10 symmetric inkblots printed on cards (5 colour and 5 black and white). This test is often employed in diagnosing underlying thought disorders and differentiating psychotic from non-psychotic thinking Ref: Kaplon and sadock, 11 th edition, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 217", "cop": 1, "opa": "Symmetric ink blots", "opb": "Asymmetric ink blots", "opc": "Counting numbers backwards", "opd": "Subtractions with odd numbers", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Symptoms and signs in psychiatry and classification", "id": "11371e39-bed9-4280-80dd-5fe8693d6171", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In mood disorder, rapid cyclers are defined as", "exp": "(A) 4 or more episodes per year# Rapid cycling:> Most people who meet criteria for bipolar disorder experience a number of episodes, on average 0.4 to 0.7 per year, lasting three to six months.> Rapid cycling, however, is a course specifier that may be applied to any of the above subtypes. It is defined as having four or more episodes per year and is found in a significant fraction of individuals with bipolar disorder. The definition of rapid cycling most frequently cited in the literature (including the DSM) is that of Dunner and Fieve: at least four major depressive, manic, hypomanic or mixed episodes are required to have occurred during a 12-month period.There are references that describe very rapid (ultra-rapid) or extremely rapid (ultra-ultra or ultradian) cycling. One definition of ultra-ultra rapid cycling is defining distinct shifts in mood within a 24-48-hour period.", "cop": 1, "opa": "4 or more episodes per year", "opb": "Mania occuring during summer", "opc": "Mania consistent during lunar year", "opd": "Depressive episodes during winter", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "046047eb-6357-4c40-b0b3-57f8331dbf2b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The percentage of Schizophrenia in First degree relatives is", "exp": "(C) 6.4% # Genetic factors are involved in at least a subset of individuals who develop schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is observe d in 6.6% of all first-degree relatives of an affected proband. If both parents are affected, the risk for offspring is 40%. The concordance rate for monozygotic twins is 50%, compared to 10% for dizygotic twins.", "cop": 3, "opa": "1.25%", "opb": "2.40%", "opc": "6.40%", "opd": "4.35%", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "7dcbe635-aeba-42e4-9d16-c571d87c1d29", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A homosexual person feels that he is imposed by a female body & persistent discomfo with his sex, diagnosis is", "exp": "A i.e. Gender identity disorder", "cop": 1, "opa": "Gender identity disorder", "opb": "Transvestism", "opc": "Voyerism", "opd": "Paraphillias", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "f78ef3cf-d560-488c-b5bf-69f0533129fc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A patient has a fear that his penis will retract into abdomen and  that may result in his death. Diagnosis", "exp": "It is a culture bound delusional disorder where a person believes his sex organs retract, disappear & lead to death.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Koro", "opb": "Latah", "opc": "Dhat syndrome", "opd": "Cotard syndrome", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "d2417a06-84ee-46d3-ab8d-0558970063dc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "\"Chasing the dragon\" phenomena occurs with", "exp": "\"Chasing the dragon\" refers to inhaling the vapour from a heated solution of morphine, heroin. The \"chasing\" occurs as the user gingerly keeps the liquid moving in order to keep it from overheating and burning up too quickly, on a heat conducting material such as aluminium foil. The moving smoke is chased after with a tube through which the user inhales. Reference: Kaplon and sadock, 11 th edition, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 659", "cop": 1, "opa": "Opioids", "opb": "LSD", "opc": "Cocaine", "opd": "Amphetamine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance abuse", "id": "efa79494-4f98-4582-b794-a07a0b7e1099", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Postponing paying attention of conscious impulse or conflict is mature defence mechanism known as", "exp": "Sublimation: Gratification of an impulse whose goal is retained but whose aim or object is changed from a socially objectionable one to a socially valued one. Suppression: Conscious or semiconscious decision to postpone attention to a conscious impulse or conflict. Humour:ove expression of feelings without personal discomfo and without unpleasant effo on others. Anticipation: Realistic anticipation of or planning for future inner discomfo. Ref: Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11e, pg 161.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Sublimation", "opb": "Suppression", "opc": "Humor", "opd": "Anticipation", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Cognitive development and defence mechanism", "id": "10faac4c-857d-4945-913d-f3337d9409d8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "45 years old Chandu is always preoccupied with feeling of illness. The diagnosis is", "exp": "B i.e. Hypochondriasis", "cop": 2, "opa": "Somatoform disorder", "opb": "Hypochondriasis", "opc": "Munchausen syndrome", "opd": "Dissociative disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "7b7fcc40-aa79-45ea-b1a2-86536d3e5e28", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Delirium is distinguished from dementia by the presence of", "exp": "Ans.C. Clouding of consciousnessThe hallmark of delirium is fluctuation in the level of consciousness.Periods of lucency may be interspersed with periods of marked unresponsiveness.Another distinguishing feature is that the onset of delirium usually occurs within hours or days, whereas the onset of dementia may be insidious throughout weeks to months.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Impaired judgment", "opb": "Impaired memory", "opc": "Clouding of consciousness", "opd": "Thought disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "d82c55e7-8baf-4242-a650-e4fad91a3cae", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "side effect of bupropion is", "exp": "NDRI * IMPOANCE Anti-depressant which does not deal with serotonin neurotransmission Also called as Zyban * MECHANISM Prevents reuptake of nor adrenaline and dopamine * DRUGS Bupropion * USE ADHD SMOKING CESSATION HYPOACTIVE SEXUAL DESIRE DISORDER * SIDE EFFECTS seizures ref, kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 955", "cop": 2, "opa": "relapse of smoking", "opb": "seizures", "opc": "impairs attention", "opd": "decreases sexual desire", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Pharmacotherapy in psychiatry", "id": "1de0dcd7-847d-4d21-85c6-af930ebd4050", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Gegenhalten is", "exp": "Paratonic rigidity or Gegenhalten: an erratic, fluctuating, \"pseudoactive\" increase in resistance to passive movement.On repeated flexing and extending the patient's arm at the elbow, on abruptly ceasing the arm is extended and continues the sequence by flexion(facilitory paratonia) Clasp-knife rigidity: increased tension in the extensor of a joint when it is passively flexed, giving way suddenly on exeion of fuher pressure; seen in upper motor neuron disease. cogwheel rigidity: tension in a muscle that gives way in little jerks when the muscle is passively stretched Leadpipe Rigidity: posture adopted when the rigidity of the limb is maintained equally throughout the passive flexion. Hysterical rigidity: seen in hysterical patients the resistance to passive movement increases in propoion to the effo applied by the examiner rigidity reflex: the state of immobility generated in female animals, especially those in estrus, when they make physical contact with a male. Reference: P.404 chap 2.1 The Neuropsychiatric Approach to the Patient(Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th Edition)", "cop": 2, "opa": "Cogwheel rigidity", "opb": "Paratonic rigidity", "opc": "Claspknife rigidity", "opd": "Lead pipe rigidity", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "7d3cc8cd-ddbf-488a-8b10-f44094d43bc0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common psychiatric illness", "exp": "Mood disorders are common. In the most recent surveys, major depressive disorder has the highest lifetime prevalence (almost 17 percent) of any psychiatric disorder. Reference: Synopsis of Psychiatry, page 348.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Depression", "opb": "Bipolar", "opc": "Mania", "opd": "Cyclothymia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood disorders", "id": "746840e0-8aa1-4d12-8276-a4686d467474", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Methadone is used for opioid withdrawal because", "exp": "The opioid antagonist naloxone reverses the effects of a dose of morphine or heroin within minutes. This may be life-saving in the case of a massive overdose. Naloxone administration also provokes an acute withdrawal syndrome in a dependent person who has recently taken an opioid. In the treatment of opioid addiction, a long-acting opioid (eg, methadone, buprenorphine ) is often substituted for the shoer-acting, more rewarding, opioid (eg, heroin). The signs and symptoms of withdrawal include a lot of distressing symptoms which makes the patient take the substance again. the symptoms of opiod withdrawl are remebered witha clue\" ALL ORIFICES BLEED\" the symptoms include rhinorrhea, lacrimation, yawning, chills, gooseflesh (piloerection), hyperventilation, hypehermia, mydriasis, muscular aches, vomiting, diarrhoea, anxiety, and hostility. the detoxification of opiod withdrawl is done by 3 methods that are listed below 1.SYMPTOMATIC DETOXIFICATION============clonidine, diazepam, dicyclomine, anti emetic, anti diarrhoeal 2.AGONIST ASOSIATED DETOXIFICATION========methadone, bupenorphine 3.ANTAGONIST ASSOSIATED DETOXIFICATION=====naltrexone STRONG OPIOID AGONISTS Morphineentanyl PAIAL AGONISTS CodeineHydrocodone MIXED OPIOID AGONIST-ANTAGONISTS BuprenorphineNalbuphine OPIOID ANTAGONISTS Naloxone", "cop": 3, "opa": "Its antagonist at opioid receptor", "opb": "Its paial antagonist at opioid receptor", "opc": "Its agonist at opioid receptor", "opd": "Its paial agonist at opioid receptor", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "864c914b-b4cf-4550-a87d-ca7642fae01c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A lady while driving a car meets with an accident. She was admitted in an ICU for 6 months. After being discharged she often gets up in night and feels terrified. She is a afraid to sit in a car again. The diagnosis is", "exp": "D i.e. Post traumatic stress disorder", "cop": 4, "opa": "Anxiety disorder", "opb": "Phobia", "opc": "Conversion disorder", "opd": "Post Traumatic Stress Disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "ca83905b-82af-40c0-b65d-58fd4968ab5d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "acrophobia is fear of", "exp": "there are several named phobias that are frequently asked in entrance questions namely TYPES EXPLANATION Acro phobia Heights Agaro phobia Open places Ailuro phobia Cats Claustro phobia Closed spaces Zoo phobia Animals Myso phobia Dis and germs Xeno phobia strangers", "cop": 1, "opa": "heights", "opb": "Snakes", "opc": "Cats", "opd": "death", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Personality disorders", "id": "aade918f-a811-4ca4-9794-efbfc1765dfd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A person brings gifts for her wife next day after having fight with her. This is an example of", "exp": "Undoing is a neurotic defense mechanism where an act is done to nullify a previous act.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Reaction formation", "opb": "Aim inhibition", "opc": "Undoing", "opd": "Suppression", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "afbb9828-ce13-467a-bdd6-768d5b4d8691", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The site of lesion in korsakoff psychosis is", "exp": "Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is associated with periventricular lesions surround the third ventricle, aqueduct, and fouh ventricle, with petechial haemorrhages in occasional acute cases and atrophy of the mammillary bodies in most chronic cases. There is frequently endothelial proliferation, demyelination, and some neuronal loss. These changes may be detected by MRI scanning. The amnestic defect is related to lesions in the dorsalmedial nuclei of the thalamus. Reference: Harrison19e pg: 1783", "cop": 3, "opa": "Frontal lobe", "opb": "Corpus striatum", "opc": "Mamillary body", "opd": "Cingulated gyrus", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "13400bc8-4a2e-4a9a-8472-6090f5cb711b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "\"Attributing one's unacceptable feelings to others\" is known as", "exp": "(A) Projection # Attributing one's feeling to another is \"Projection\":# Psychological projection or projection bias is a psychological defense mechanism where a person subconsciously denies his or her own attributes, thoughts, and emotions, which are then ascribed to the outside world, usually to other people. Thus, projection involves imagining or projecting the belief that others originate those feelings.> Projection reduces anxiety by allowing the expression of the unwanted unconscious impulses or desires without letting the conscious mind recognize them.> An example of this behavior might be blaming another for self failure. The mind may avoid the discomfort of consciously admitting personal faults by keeping those feelings unconscious, and by redirecting libidinal satisfaction by attaching, or \"projecting,\" those same faults onto another person or object.> The theory was developed by Sigmund Freud", "cop": 1, "opa": "Projection", "opb": "Sublimition", "opc": "Dissosiation", "opd": "Reaction formation", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "963301c9-2747-480c-803b-fdfcb2542fee", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Highest insight is", "exp": "Insight has six levels- level 1- complete denial of illness level 2- slight awareness of being sick and needing help, but denying it at the same time level 3- awareness of being sick but blaming it on others, on external factors, or on organic factors. level 4- awareness that illlness is causeed by something unknown in the patient. level 5- intellectual insight, admission that patient is ill and that symptoms or failure in social adjustment are caused by the patien's own peicular irrational feelings or disturbances without applying this knowledge to futue experiences. level 6- true emotional insight. Ref: Synopsis of Psychiatry, 10e, Chapter 7.1", "cop": 2, "opa": "Intellectual", "opb": "Emotional", "opc": "Psychological", "opd": "Affective", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Cognitive development and defence mechanism", "id": "f9b2df9a-27d1-4069-a13c-5c563f0fc9eb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Catatonic features seen in schizophrenia are also seen in", "exp": "Catatonia can be present in several mental disorders, most commonly seen in schizophrenia and mood disorders. The hallmark symptoms of catatonia--mutism, stuporousness, blunted affect, extreme withdrawal, negativism, and marked psychomotor retardation there are various causes for catatonia namely both catatonic and non catatonic schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (often with psychotic features medical and neurological disorders like akinetic mutism seen in frontal lobe syndromes, locked in syndrome Reference: Kaplan & Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry, 11th edition, page 360.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Severe depression", "opb": "Conversion disorder", "opc": "Personality disorder", "opd": "Somatisation disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Symptoms and signs in psychiatry and classification", "id": "4e682dca-a5dd-46e1-91da-547dfcdeeafb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most Common delusion of Schizophrenia includes", "exp": "(A) Persecution # DELUSIONS are misguided beliefs that have no basis in reality, and people with schizophrenia often suffer from delusions as a symptom of their disease. Their disorganized thinking and impaired ability to interpret new information often lead them to false perceptions. People with schizophrenia often have delusions that fit certain common categories.> Persecutory delusions are the most common type of delusions experienced by people with schizophrenia. These types of delusions are based on suspicions of being targeted by someone or something. People with these types of delusions mistakenly believe that they are being followed, harmed, poisoned or tormented. Delusions of persecution are suggestive of the paranoid type of schizophrenia.> Referential: Referential delusions are another common type of delusion reported by people with schizophrenia. People with referential delusions believe that gestures and words of others are specifically directed at them. They become convinced that they are the focus of song lyrics, books or comments made by someone on television.> Grandiose: Delusions of grandeur are based on the affected person's mistaken idea that he is someone of extreme importance. People with this type of delusions may believe they are a popular celebrity or a powerful political figure. Since they believe they are well-known or famous, it is disturbing to them when others do not recognize or acknowledge them as such.> Religious: Religious delusions center around misguided ideas about one's relationship with God. People with schizophrenia with this type of delusion may believe they have a special relationship with God or that God has given them special powers. They may profess an ability to speak directly to God or a responsibility to carry out God's plans. In some cases, these individuals may actually believe that they are God.> Somatic: Somatic delusions involve a preoccupation with one's body. These delusions commonly consist of erroneous beliefs that they are suffering from a physical condition, such as a tumor. However, the perceived source of the physical malady is usually bizarre, such as having a foreign substance in one's body.> Control: Delusions of control involve the belief that one's thoughts and actions have been taken over by some outside force. People with schizophrenia with delusions of control believe that their thoughts have been involuntarily taken from their mind. Therefore, they are convinced that the thoughts in their mind are not their own. Delusions of control may also include the belief that their bodies are being manipulated to perform certain actions.# SUBTYPES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA: With the publication of DSM-5, the APA removed all sub-classifications of schizophrenia. The five sub-classifications included in DSM-IV-TR were:> Paranoid type: Delusions or auditory hallucinations are present, but thought disorder, disorganized behavior, or affective flattening are not. Delusions are persecutory and/or grandiose, but in addition to these, other themes such as jealousy, religiosily. or somatization may also be present.> Disorganized type: Named hebephrenic schizophrenia in the ICD. Where thought disorder and flat affect are present together.> Catatonic type: The subject may be almost immobile or exhibit agitated, purposeless movement. Symptoms can include catatonic stupor and waxy flexibility.> Undifferentiated type: Psychotic symptoms are present but the criteria for paranoid, disorganized, or catatonic types have not been met.> Residual type: Where positive symptoms are present at a low intensity only.> ICD-10 defines two additional subtypes: Post-schizophrenic depression: A depressive episode arising in the aftermath of a schizophrenic illness where some low level schizophrenic symptoms may still be present. Simple schizophrenia: Insidious and progressive development of prominent negative symptoms with no history of psychotic episodes.> Latent schizophrenia, schizophrenic reaction, pseudoneurotic schizophrenia, pseudopsychopathic schizophrenia, \"symptom- depleted\" schizophrenia are in the Russian version of the ICD-10.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Persecution", "opb": "Grandiose", "opc": "Reference", "opd": "Nihilistic", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "8cf5d1a1-e91e-4f6b-bb5c-0d119d8d96d7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Organic Mental Disease is indicated by", "exp": "B i.e. Delusions Presenting Features Visual or other non-auditory hallucinationsQ Complex delusionsQ Soft neurological signsQ, confusion, disorientationQ & memory impairment Neurological signs & symptoms as seizures, sensory or motor disturbance, impairment of conciousnessQ Misidentification syndromes as capgras etc. First rank symptoms as made feelings, voices commenting etc. H/O head injury, drug or alcohol use Concurrent medical or neurological illness Ist episode, sudden onset, older age of onset. Organic Mental Disease - Organic mental disorders are of 3 types Dementia Delirium Substance & medical related condition - In subcoical dementia - complex delusions are found.Q", "cop": 2, "opa": "Incoherence", "opb": "Delusion", "opc": "Flight of idea", "opd": "Preservation of speech", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "5166d930-1a4c-470b-8716-be34e68a88d4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Depot preparations are available for", "exp": "Depot preparations are available for risperidone, olanzapine, haloperidol, fluphenazine There is no depot preparations for clozapine that is available as there is a lot of side effect associated with agranulatocytosis and myocarditis and hence it is not given as depot preparation. Ref.Kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 1023", "cop": 2, "opa": "Haloperidol", "opb": "Risperidone", "opc": "Olanzapine", "opd": "Imipramine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Pharmacotherapy in psychiatry", "id": "8c00f3a4-07de-4226-b84f-2257931c4000", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Generalised anxiety disorder is characterized by", "exp": "GAD is characterized by free floating anxiety and negative apprehension about day today tril life events. Anxiety about specific situations are more likely to be seen in phobia. Reference: Kaplon and sadock, 11 th edition, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 407", "cop": 4, "opa": "Free floating anxiety", "opb": "Worry about tril issues", "opc": "Inability to relax", "opd": "Anxiety about specific situations", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "78aa4688-a299-4752-987c-64c4a104d7c9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In schizophrenia, good prognostic factor is", "exp": "(D) Acute onset PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN SCHIZOPHRENIAGood Prognostic FactorsPoor Prognostic Factors* Acute or abrupt onset* Insidious onset* Onset > 35 years of age (late onset)* Onset < 20 years of age (early onset)* Presence of precipitating stressor* Absence of stressor* Good premorbid adjustment* Poor premorbid adjustment* Catatonic subtype (Paranoid subtype* Disorganized, simple, undifferentiated, has an intermediate prognosis) or chronic catatonic subtypes* Short duration (< 6 months)* Chronic course (> 2 years)* Presence of depression* Absence of depression* Predominance of positive symptoms* Predominance of negative symptoms* Family history of mood disorder* Family history of schizophrenia* First episode* Past history of schizophrenia* Pyknic (fat) physique* Asthenic (thin) physique* Female sex* Male sex* Good social support* Poor social support or unmarried* Presence of confusion, perplexity, or* Flat or blunted affect disorientation in the acute phase* Proper treatment, good treatment* Absence of proper treatment or compliance, and good response poor response to treatment to treatment* Outpatient treatment* Institutionalization (long term hospitalization)* Normal cranial CT scan* Evidence of ventricular enlargement on cranial CT scan", "cop": 4, "opa": "Family history of schizophrenia", "opb": "Young onset", "opc": "No precipitating factors", "opd": "Acute onset", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "3c1ba989-42fb-48c2-a0e6-ea47481689d0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Delusion that someone from high socioeconomic status is loving you is", "exp": "Delusion is defined as a false , fixed, firm belief which is impervious to other experiences, person holds it with subjective ceainty , leads to compelling counterargument and which is outside the social , cultural and educational background. There are several types of delusions Some of the named delusions are ERATOMANIC DELUSION- De clerambault syndrome- patient has a delusion that person from a higher social class is in love with the patient. They may even STALK the person on whom they have delsuion. INFIDELITY DELUSION-OTHELLO syndrome. This is most common in ALCOHOLIC MALES. patient presents with doubt regarding infedility of the wife Delusional misidentification-CAPGRAS SYNDROME-patient with this delusion have an idea that a familiar person is replaced by an imposter Ref- Fish Psychopathology, 3e, pg 123.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Othello syndrome", "opb": "Capgras syndrome", "opc": "De Clerambault syndrome", "opd": "Franklin syndrome", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Personality disorders", "id": "20f8f824-767e-4577-a872-63a315988f65", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The absolute contraindication for Electro Convulsive Therapy {ECT} is", "exp": "CONTRA INDICATIONS * NO ABSOLUTE Contra indication RELATIVE CONTRAINDICATION -----------------Brain tumour with midline shift / arrythmia Ref.Kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 1065", "cop": 1, "opa": "Raised Intra Cranial Tension", "opb": "Vascular Dementia", "opc": "Diabetic Retinopathy", "opd": "Peripheral Neuropathy", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Treatment in psychiatry", "id": "77fd9fb5-aa63-46fd-8b21-be7f01be285a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Maximum duration of time spent is in NREM stage", "exp": "Young adulthood, the distribution of sleep is as follows- NREM 75% stage 1 5% stage 2 45% stage 3 12% stage 4 13% REM 25% Ref- Synopsis of psychiatry, 11e, pg 535.", "cop": 2, "opa": "I", "opb": "II", "opc": "III", "opd": "IV", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Sleep disorders and eating disorders", "id": "7ae4def0-9337-4253-bd17-fa60286a70ab", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In Korsakoff's Psychosis, the following in not seen", "exp": "Suicidal tendencies", "cop": 2, "opa": "Memory disturbances", "opb": "Suicidal tendencies", "opc": "Loss of recent memory", "opd": "Pshycosis", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "21faea47-ef93-438d-b9e7-9b90180d74fe", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Intense depression & misery without any cause is", "exp": "Melancholia:- Melancholia is severe depressive state with psychomotor retardation. Ref:- Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry 10th edition; Pg num:- 1892", "cop": 1, "opa": "Melancholia", "opb": "Mania", "opc": "Schizophrenia", "opd": "Major depressive disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders", "id": "8f33eea9-e3e6-4a0d-9c08-6e6606c6e1e8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Trichotillomania is", "exp": "HABIT AND IMPULSE DISORDERS This category includes disorders such as pathological gambling, pyromania, kleptomania, trichotillomania, and intermittent explosive disorder. The disorders in this heterogeneous group are characterised by impulsive behaviour which the patient cannot resist or control. There may be a feeling of release of tension by doing the act and a feeling of guilt after the act is overTrichotillomania (compulsive hair-pulling) is characterised by noticeable hair loss caused by person's persistent and recurrent failure to resist impulses to pull out hair. There is an intense urge to pull out hair with mounting tension before the act and a sense of relief afterwards. There is no pre-existent skin lesion or inflammation, and hair pulling is not secondary to any delusion or hallucination. Ref: A sho textbook of Psychiatry.Niraj Ahuja.edition 7.Pg no:119", "cop": 3, "opa": "Irresistable desire to set fire", "opb": "Irresistable desire to steal things", "opc": "Compulsive hair pulling", "opd": "Pathological gambling", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Personality disorders", "id": "db5ac09f-2a26-4a61-8ec3-c2c48b551221", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common age for depression is", "exp": "An almost universal observation, independent of country or culture, is the twofold greater prevalence of major depressive disorder in women than in men. The mean age of onset for major depressive disorder is about 40 years, with 50 percent of all patients having an onset between the ages of 20 and 50 years. Reference: Synopsis of Psychiatry, page 349.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Middle age men", "opb": "Middle age female", "opc": "Young girl", "opd": "Children", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood disorders", "id": "7fc81453-8f41-4fe9-b95c-0d79922f91c7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The following name is associated with psychodynamic theory", "exp": "Contributor: Freud, Sigmund (1856-1939) Coined the Term: Free association, Psychoanalysis, Psychodynamics, Oedipus complex, Electra complex, Penis envy, Primal scene, Ego defence mechanisms, Repression, Psychological determinism, Pleasure principle, Reality principle Special Mention: Founder of psychoanalysis; some of the significant contributions include interpretation of dreams, theory of infantile sexuality, structural and topographical model of mind, theory of instincts, psychopathology of everyday life and stages of psychosexual development Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no.243.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Carl Jung", "opb": "Sigmund Freud", "opc": "Emil Kraeplin", "opd": "Eugen Bleuler", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Cognitive development and defence mechanism", "id": "32becfae-96b7-412a-9c12-e597716834dc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug of choice in Obsessive compulsive disorder is", "exp": "Ans. is 'b' i.e. Fluoxetine The drug of choice for obsessive compulsive disorder is Fluoxetine.RememberThe treatment of choice for obsessive compulsive disorder is behavior therapy. (Only 50% of OCP patients show improvement with pharmacotherapy alone).", "cop": 2, "opa": "Imipramine", "opb": "Fluoxetine", "opc": "Alprazolam", "opd": "Chlorpromazine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Adjustment Disorders", "id": "6aba1a8c-6c86-441c-aee4-851a2ae13cc4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug used for reducing sex drive in sexual offenders", "exp": "Drug therapy: Antipsychotics have sometimes been used for severe or dangerous aggression associated with paraphilias. Benperidol was earlier believed to be paicularly useful but the claim has not been substantiated, and the drug is not available in the market. Antiandrogens (cyproterone acetate or medroxyprogesterone acetate) can be used in paraphilias with excessive sexual activity.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Penfluridol", "opb": "Trifluperidol", "opc": "Benperidol", "opd": "Molindone", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Sexual Disorders", "id": "312174f6-b9e8-4970-9001-2cf437b7f71a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Delusions of control, persecution and self reference are seen in", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Paranoia", "opb": "Paranoid schizophrenia", "opc": "Mania", "opd": "OCD", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "a500edc0-52c1-4ccc-bdc8-513ed8fb4d8c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In Profound MR, IQ is", "exp": "IQ range for categoriesICD-10DSM-IVMild50-6950-55 to 70Moderate35-4935-40 to 50-55Severe20-3420-25 to 35-40ProfoundBelow 20Below 20-25Reference: Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry; 3rd edition; Chapter 18; Learning Disability", "cop": 4, "opa": "50-69", "opb": "35-49", "opc": "20-34", "opd": "< 20", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Child psychiatry", "id": "4eafd9d8-b2ea-4f44-ac7f-a12103f61945", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Akinesia (hypoactivity) and mutism is a feature of", "exp": "Akinesia + Mutism is a feature of stupor, which is seen in catatonic schizophrenia or catalepsy.\nOption c : Cataplexy is sudden loss of muscle tone seen in Norcolepsy, which is not a correct answer.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Twillight state", "opb": "Stupor", "opc": "Cataplexy", "opd": "Torpor", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "cc118bb4-b546-47dd-bcbb-b77e11468e29", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common phobia", "exp": "Phobia is clinical condition where there is a fear of any stimulus because of which there is anxiety and distress and to avoid the distress there is avoidance and finally results in dysfunction MOST HERITABLE TYPE OF PHOBIA IS BLOOD INJECTION TYPE OF PHOBIA MOST COMMON TYPE OF PHOBIA IS SPECIFIC PHOBIA ONLY TYPE OF PHOBIA WHERE THERE IS HYPOTENSION AND FALLS IS BLOOD INJECTION TYPE OF PHOBIA Reference: Kaplon and sadock, 11 th edition, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 400", "cop": 1, "opa": "Specific phobia", "opb": "Social phobia", "opc": "Agarophobia", "opd": "Claustrophobia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "2fbff252-e345-45d1-b5be-1f6592d206e4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drugs abuse with symptoms similar like paranoid schizophrenia are seen in", "exp": "D i.e. Amphetamine", "cop": 4, "opa": "LSD", "opb": "Cannabis", "opc": "Heroin/Cocaine", "opd": "Amphetamine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "a0f76de1-50d5-42af-a608-0aec6edbe11e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Flash back is seen in", "exp": "Hallucinogens * ALSO CALLED AS Psychotomimetic/ Psychedelic * FIRST Man made HALLICINOGEN ==================== Albe Hoffman * MECHANISM OF ACTION Lysergic acid diethylamide=======serotonin * Introduced by Albe Hoffmann and he himself experienced its effects * Phencyclidine =======NMDA antagonist * Also known as angel dust * Related to ketamine=== dissociative anesthetic * Has anti-suicidal propey PSYCHIATRIC RELEVANCE FLASHBACKS====== person even after weeks of using substance may experience the same hallucinations BAD TRIPS====== bad experiences during intoxication of the substance They tend to see hallucinations and monsters and are threatened by the images NEW CREATIVE CAPACITY PSYCHOLOGICAL INSIGHT TREATMENT= ANTIPSYCHOTICS Ref.Kaplon and Sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no.649", "cop": 2, "opa": "flunitrazepam", "opb": "LSD", "opc": "toluene", "opd": "anabolic androgenic steroids", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance abuse", "id": "d72e308c-b51f-477d-a784-a289cc6839b2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A 60 year old male comes to casuality with acute retention of urine since 12 hours. On examination there was distended bladder. His son gives a history of taking some drug by the pateint. Since 2 days as he is suffering from depression. The most likely drug is", "exp": "B i.e. Amitryptiline", "cop": 2, "opa": "CPZ", "opb": "Amitryptiline", "opc": "Haloperidol", "opd": "Pimozide", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "eb257af1-e9e3-4e64-805d-9b1cc8ed0bab", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Roid rage is seen in", "exp": "ANABOLIC ANDROGENIC STEROIDS Testosterone like hormones * Muscle building propey * Body builders * Normal testosterone range is 300-1000micrograms * Need to administer 10-100 times the normal to have effect kaplon and Sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no 686", "cop": 4, "opa": "flunitrazepam", "opb": "LSD", "opc": "toluene", "opd": "anabolic androgenic steroids", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance abuse", "id": "02b7f906-1771-4e6d-ae41-43ab1356dccb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Paranoid Psychosis with cocaine is seen due to", "exp": "The complications of chronic cocaine use include acute anxiety reaction, uncontrolled compulsive behaviour, psychotic episodes (with persecutory delusions, and tactile and other hallucinations), delirium and delusional disorder. Ref: Sho textbook of Psychiatry by Niraj Ahuja, 7th edition page 47.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Tolerance", "opb": "Withdrawal", "opc": "Reverse Tolerance", "opd": "Intoxication", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance abuse", "id": "5e088685-4960-47dc-b798-474ca1817782", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A medical student could not deliver a seminar, fearing seniors. He is aware of the irrationality of his fear. Likely diagnosis is", "exp": "Social phobia is an example of irrational fear of activities or social interaction, characterised by an irrational fear or social interaction, characterised by an irrational fear of performing activities in the presence of other people or interacting with others. The patient is afraid of his own actions being viewed by others critically, resulting in embarrassment or humiliation. (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja,7th edition, pg no 93)", "cop": 2, "opa": "Agoraphobia", "opb": "Social phobia", "opc": "Claustrophobia", "opd": "Specific phobia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Anxiety disorders stress disorders and grief", "id": "356f5b80-cb65-47d3-91bf-549e4a278d54", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Total score in Mini Mental Status Examination is", "exp": "The MMSE is a 30-point cognitive test developed in the mid-1970s to provide a bedside assessment of a broad array of cognitive function, including orientation, attention, memory, construction, and language. Kaplan & Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry, 11th edition, page 241.", "cop": 2, "opa": "25", "opb": "30", "opc": "32", "opd": "35", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Organic mental disorders", "id": "6a3efaa3-6424-413f-8fdb-15a866a35811", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Tianeptine acts by", "exp": "C i.e. Serotonin uptake inhancer", "cop": 3, "opa": "MAO inhibitor", "opb": "Serotonin uptake inhibitor", "opc": "Serotonin uptake inhancer", "opd": "5-LIT agonist", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "9e726c44-1d4b-40fb-bd51-55bc8016fd42", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Excessive sexual desire in males is known as", "exp": "Disorders of Appetitive Phase (Sexual Desire Disorders)1. Hypoactive sexual desire disorder:This disorder is characterised by an absence of fantasies and desire for sexual activity which is not secondary to other sexual dysfunctions, such as premature ejaculation or dyspareunia.This disorder is many times more common in females (previously called as frigidity) and its prevalence increases with age. 2. Sexual aversion disorder and lack of sexual enjoyment disorder:In the sexual aversion disorder, there is an aversion to and avoidance of all sexual activity with a sexual paner. 3. Excessive sexual drive:Rarely, both men (Satyriasis) and women (Nymphomania) may complain of the excessive sexual drive as a problem. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 126", "cop": 2, "opa": "Nymphomania", "opb": "Satyriasis", "opc": "Triabadism", "opd": "Sadism", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Sleep disorders and eating disorders", "id": "442fa731-65c1-461b-ab3c-368b35e26cfa", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Global cerebral dysfunction characterized by alteration in cognitive function and consciousness is known as", "exp": "Delirium is the commonest organic symptom seen in clinical practice. Characterised by acute onset, clouding of consciousness, disorientation, asterixis, multifocal myoclonus, occupational delirium, tone and reflex abnormalities (Ref: A sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th edition, pg no.19). Alteration of consciousness is not seen in cases of anxiety, depression & dementia.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Acute anxiety", "opb": "Depression", "opc": "Delirium", "opd": "Dementia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Organic mental disorders", "id": "edceef2a-c021-40e3-ae79-a36dfdeb193e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Akathesia is treated by A/E", "exp": "C i.e. HaloperidolAkathesia is characterised by inner restlessnessQ (feeling of discomfo & agitation) and external restlessness (compulsion to move extremities & fidgety movementsQ). It is seen in basal ganglia disorders (eg Parkinson's disease) and alongwith extrapyramidal side effects of antipsychotic drugsQ.In acute dystonia (neurolept induced), there are linguofacial bizarre muscle spasmQ (1/t grimacing, toicollis, locked jaw, chewing, puffing of cheeks) occurring within few hours or the most 1 weekQ of staing or rapidly increasing the dose of neuroleptic drug. DOC is anticholinergic, antihistaminic drugs.Anhedonia: It means not getting interest or happiness in pleasurable stimuli & nihilism (helplessness, wohlessness hopelessness). It is a feature of depression.The development of subjective symptoms of restlessness within 4 weeksQ of initiating or increasing the dose of neuroleptic with Pacing, Rocking, Fidgety movements & inability to sit or stand for atleast several minutesQ are diagnostic of neuroleptic induced acute akathisia.Haloperidol, a neurolept causes akathisia (not used in treatment)Q. Treatment of akathisia (internal & external restlessness): 1. JO Blockers (drug of choice)Q, 2. Centrally acting (antiparkinson) anticholinergics ex. trihexyphenidyl, benztropine etcQ are less effective, 3. Amantidine, Cyproheptadine & DiazepamQ are used in resistant cases only.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Trihexyphenidyl", "opb": "Diazepam", "opc": "Haloperidol", "opd": "Promethazine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "d591cb60-3882-47d5-a8d4-c1e609d3a735", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Maximum heritability is seen in", "exp": "C i.e. Schizophrenia", "cop": 3, "opa": "Depression", "opb": "Mania", "opc": "Schizophrenia", "opd": "Panic Disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "022073be-7e5f-4750-ae85-b348d35f1405", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Prevalence of schizophrenia in dizygotic twins of schizophrenic patient is", "exp": "Usual prevalence in general population is 0.5 to 1% and 40% in child with both parents being schizophrenic. Among dizygotic twins, it is 12% if a parent is schizophrenic Ref: Essentials of postgraduate psychiatry By JN Vyas 1st ed Pg 386", "cop": 3, "opa": "40%", "opb": "1%", "opc": "12%", "opd": "0.10%", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders", "id": "d84adc88-3216-4eeb-ab2b-973cd885ea7b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Maximum score that can be obtained in MMSE is", "exp": "Mini-Mental State Examination : The MMSE is an 11-question measure developed to asses a broad array of cognitive function including orientation, attention, memory, construction, and language. Its validity and inter-rater reliability is good, takes only 5-10 minutes to administer, practical to use repeatedly and routinely. For screening, a cut-off of 24 for identifying cases of dementia has been suggested. The maximum score is 30. A score of 23 or lower is indicative of cognitive impairment. * MMSE( MINI MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION) * MCI demtia===score less than. 24 * MILDdemntia====score less than. 20 * MODERATE demntia==score less than. 18 * SEVERE dementia====score less than 10 Reference: Page NO.1053 Chap 7.10 Psychiatric Rating Scales(Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th Edition)", "cop": 2, "opa": "13", "opb": "30", "opc": "47", "opd": "55", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "763fe5c3-3617-4b5f-ad77-1e7445fbe7db", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Bipolar II disorder includes", "exp": "D i.e. Major depression & hypomania", "cop": 4, "opa": "Cyclothymic disorder", "opb": "Dysthemia", "opc": "Single manic episode", "opd": "Major depression & hypomania", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "ed5c2cbb-e896-4cae-afca-8f9cb9faedb1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "\"La belle indifference\" is seen in", "exp": "\"La belle indifference\" is seen in conversion disorder, where the patient has feeling of indiference towards his symptoms.\nExample: If a person suddenly experiences loss of vision he is expected to get  extremely concerned about it. But patient of conversion disorder seems to be unconcerened towards his symptoms.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Somatization disorder", "opb": "Conversion disorder", "opc": "Post traumatic stress disorder", "opd": "Premature ejaculation", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "da226c09-2ce8-45c8-a26f-8f47373b2d5d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Agoraphobia is", "exp": "(A) Fear of open spaces PHOBIC DISORDERSFear of Situation or ObjectsPhobias* Dread of Open spaceAgoraphobia* Dread of VehiclesAmaxophobia* Dread of FloodsAntlophobia* Dread of ConfinementClaustrophobia* Dread of Being locked inClithrophobia* Dread of DogsCynophobia* Dread of Sexual intercourse or STDCypridcphobia* Dread of DrinkingDipsophobia* Dread of Surgical operationErgasiophobia* Dread of MarriageGamophobia* Dread of FoodGatophobia* Dread of WritingGraphophobia* Dread of WomenGynephobia* Dread of SunHeliophobia* Dread of SteelingKleptophobia* Dread of SpeakingLalophobia* Dread of RabiesLyssophobia* Dread of PregnancyMaieusiophobia* Dread of CorpseNecrophobia* Dread of OdoursOsmophobia* Dread of EatingSitophobia* Dread of TuberculosisPhthisiophobia* Dread of ChokingPnigophobia* Dread of FirePyrophobia* Dread of ColdPsychrophobia* Dread of DevilSatanophobia* Dread of DeathThanatophobia* Dread of Being Buried aliveTaphephobia* Dread of GodTheophobia* Dread of StrangersXenophobia> Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder which primarily consists of the fear of certain settings that may present unexpected challenges or demands.> These could include parking lots, shopping malls or restaurants.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Fear of open spaces", "opb": "Fear of closed spaces", "opc": "Fear of heights", "opd": "Fear of crowded places", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "42e6e206-6f59-4c05-9f95-e0ff36e0fd20", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A 50 year old guy presented with 25 years of married life, having 5 years of established doubt on his wife's fidelity, despite proof to the contrary, and his other aspects of life are normal. The probable diagnosis is", "exp": "(C) Delusional disorder # DELUSIONAL DISORDER is an uncommon psychiatric condition in which the patients present with delusions, but with no accompanying prominent hallucinations, thought disorder, mood disorder, or significant flattening of affect.> There are seven types of Delutional disorders: Erotomanic type (erotomania): delusion that another person, often a prominent figure, is in love with the individual. The individual may breach the law as he/she tries to obsessively make contact with the desired person. Grandiose type: delusion of inflated worth, power, knowledge, identity or believes himself/herself to be a famous person, claiming the actual person is an impostor or an impersonator. Jealous type: delusion that the individual's sexual partner is unfaithful when it is untrue. The patient may follow the partner, check text messages, emails, phone calls etc. in an attempt to find \"evidence\" of the infidelity. Persecutory type: This delusion is a common subtype. It includes the belief that the person (or someone to whom the person is close) is being malevolently treated in some way. The patient may believe that he/she has been drugged, spied-on, harassed and so on and may seek \"justice\" by making police reports, taking court action or even acting violently. Somatic type: delusions that the person has some physical defect or general medical condition Mixed type: delusions with characteristics of more than one of the above types but with no one theme predominating. Unspecified type: delusions that cannot be clearly determined or characterized in any of the categories in the specific types.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Panic disorders", "opb": "Depression disorders", "opc": "Delusional disorder", "opd": "Phobias", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "13feca52-f2e0-494f-a576-f2fd01a96bc8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The most common form of dissociation hysteria is", "exp": "Dissociative Amnesia This is the commonest clinical type of dissociative disorder. Occurring mostly in adolescent and young adults (females more than males, except in war), it is characterised by a sudden inability to recall impoant personal information (amnesia), paicularly concerning stressful or traumatic life events. The amnesia cannot be explained by everyday forgetfulness and there is no evidence of an underlying medical illness. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 100", "cop": 2, "opa": "Fugue", "opb": "Amnesia", "opc": "Multiple perosonality", "opd": "Somnambulism", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Somatoform disorders", "id": "352ab228-9092-459d-979a-819111cc8d65", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Maximum benefit from ECT is seen in", "exp": "Lucio Bini and Ugo Cerletti *introduced ECT in 1938 for the treatment of psychiatric illness Indications for the Use of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) Diagnostic Indications Clinical indications Major a)Major depression, both unipolar and bipolarb)Psychotic depression in paicularMania, including mixed episodesc)Schizophrenia with acute exacerbation d)Catatonic subtype paicularly Schizoaffective disorder Primary use Rapid definitive response required Risks of alternative treatments outweigh benefitsPast h/o poor response to drugs/good response to ECTPatient preference Other Secondary use a)Parkinson's disease b)Neuroleptic malignant disorder Failure to respond to pharmacotherapy in the current episodeIntolerance of pharmacotherapy in the current episodeRapid definitive response necessitated by deterioration of the patient's condition this is one of the repeated questions in psychiatry you always have to carefully read all the choices if the choice has depression with suicidal ideas , that is the answer if depression with suicidalideas is not given in the choice , then search for catatonia if catatonia is also not in the choice then go for treatment resistant schizophrenia and mania in PGI queestion paper where there are multiple answers for a single question, you can select all these choices namely depression with suicidal ideas catatonia treatment resistant mania and schizophrenia Ref: P.3290 chap. 31.34a Electroconvulsive Therapy", "cop": 2, "opa": "Hysteria", "opb": "Depression with suicidal tendency", "opc": "Chronic schizophrenia", "opd": "Mania", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "33d91541-4c12-45ff-aa39-fb94fe368186", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In Alzheimer disease patients, the major effect on neurotransmitter systems of tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine is to", "exp": "Low levels of Ach are associated with the symptoms of Alzheimer disease. Tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (i.e., they block the breakdown of Ach, increasing its availability). These agents can thus be effective in slowing down the progression of the illness. They do not restore the function the patient has already lost.", "cop": 3, "opa": "increase dopamine availability", "opb": "decrease dopamine availability", "opc": "increase Ach availability", "opd": "decrease Ach availability", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Organic Mental Disorders", "id": "34c5ae30-0251-4530-b3d9-71b6ec52e08a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Blunting of affect is seen in", "exp": "Ans. a (Schizophrenia). (Ref. Harrison, Medicine, 15th ed., 2554; Psychiatry by Niraj Ahuja, 5th ed., 55)EUGEN BLEULER'S FUNDAMENTAL SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA (4 A'S)# Ambivalence (marked inability to decide for or against)# Autism (withdrawal into self)# Affect blunting (disturbance of affect)# Association disturbances (loosening of association, thought disorder)", "cop": 1, "opa": "Schizophrenia", "opb": "Depression", "opc": "Mania", "opd": "Delirium", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia", "id": "901a3e45-f021-4ca5-a904-caa4b1cc98d9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Defence mechanism in OCD", "exp": "Three defense mechanisms are common in OCD- Isolation, Undoing & Reaction formation Isolation: Unconsciously isolate and disown their own thoughts, experiencing as forign thoughts. Undoing: unconsciously cancel out an unacceptable desire or act by performing another act. Reaction formation: suppress an unacceptable desire by taking on a lifestyle that expresses the opposite desire.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Progression", "opb": "Regression", "opc": "Magical thinking", "opd": "Reaction formation", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Cognitive development and defence mechanism", "id": "a1e27927-3149-473e-92db-8e38918d7236", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "\"Rationalization\" is seen in", "exp": "Rationalization is a neurotic defense mechanism where an individual gives rational explanation to justify his own unacceptable behavior, seen in substance abuse disorder.\nEx: A chronic alcoholic blames his family environment as a cause of his alcoholism.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Schizophrenia", "opb": "Phobia", "opc": "Obsessive compulsive disorder", "opd": "Substance abuse disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "feaf1a7a-c265-44a8-8274-940ac31403f9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Type of schizophrenia with mental retardation is", "exp": "froph's schizophrenia: This is a syndrome of schizophrenia occurring in the presence of Mental Retardation. it differs from schizophrenia in only that there is often a povey of ideation and delusions are not usually very well systematized. therefore, behavioural disturbances are much more prominent than delusions and hallucinations Schizophrenia DSM-5 DSM-5 has deleted all subtypes Delusion hallucinations disorganized speech grossly disorganized or catatonic behaviour negative symptoms Duration >1month (active phase of illness) Impairment in work, interpersonal, self-care during the period of illness All these should be present for >6 months which includes ICD-10 requires a duration of-of month subtypes Paranoid presence of one or more delusions and frequent auditory hallucinations. Most common*. Good prognosis *if treated. Age of onset middle age Disorganized (Hebephrenic) thought disorder, disorganized behaviour and flat or inappropriate affect. Delusions and hallucinations, if present, are poorly systematized. They have Poor premorbid function*, an insidious onset during adolescence*, a continuous course*, and a poor prognosis* Catatonic* common in low SES. >2 of following symptoms: Immobility (stupor or catalepsy*) excessive purposeless motor activity negativism peculiar movements(posturing,stereotypy,mannerisms,grimacing); echolalia*- or echopraxia* Undifferentiated diagnosis is through the exclusion of the other subtypes. Includes those who meet criteria for schizophrenia but cannot be placed into any subtypes Residual* Have met the criteria for schizophrenia before, have negative symptoms, residual symptoms, but no longer have psychotic symptoms the catalepsy*-a person maintains the body position(even painful) into which they are placed. echolalia*-repetition of words ; echopraxia*- repetition of movements Reference: P.61 Textbook of Psychiatry , Neeraj Ahuaja", "cop": 4, "opa": "Von gogh syndrome", "opb": "Paranoid schizophrenia", "opc": "Catatonic schizophrenia", "opd": "Pfroph schizophrenia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "8ca15d4b-3571-4d26-964e-f21f554097ad", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not a feature of dementia is", "exp": "A i.e. Loss of Sensorium- Memory impairment (ex. forgetfulness) is typically an early & prominent feature in dementia.- No matter how severe the disorientation seems (d/t memory impairment),However, patients show no impairment in their level of consciousness.- Lability of emotions, sloppy grooming, uninhibited remarks, silly jokes or a dull, apathetic or vacuous facial expression & manner suggest dementia especially when coupled with memory impairment.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Loss of sensorium", "opb": "Disturbances in language function", "opc": "Wearing of diy clothes", "opd": "Loss of neurons in brain", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "8fbb7a9e-582f-42ca-9d14-7add2c154405", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Antipsychotic drug with least extrapyramidal effects is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Clozapine", "opb": "Risperidone", "opc": "Thioridazine", "opd": "Chlorpromazine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "721eaa5f-5bf8-478e-aa4c-7ab51e93016d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "According to Sigmund Freud, primary process thinking is", "exp": "The id is theorised to be the original state of human mental apparatus with which a newborn baby is born. It is totally unconscious, containing the basic drives and instincts concerned with survival, sexual drive and aggression. It is characterised by primary process thinking and is based on the pleasure principle, lacking any direct link with reality. The only urge of these drives is immediate gratification. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no.206", "cop": 1, "opa": "Illogical and Bizarre", "opb": "Rational", "opc": "Absent during sleep", "opd": "Logical and Unconscious", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Cognitive development and defence mechanism", "id": "0611d1a9-7be2-4a44-bf29-f2747f0a8ed4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "More common in binge eating compared to bulimia nervosa is", "exp": "Bulimia Nervosa Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterised by the following clinical features: 1. Bulimia nervosa usually has an onset in early teens or adolescence. 2. There is an intense fear of becoming obese. There may be an earlier history of anorexia nervosa. 3. There is usually body-image disturbance and the person is unable to perceive own body size accurately. 4. There is a persistent preoccupation with eating and an irresistible craving for food. There are episodes of overeating in which large amounts of food are consumed within sho periods of time (eating binges). 5. There are attempts to 'counteract' the effects of overeating by one or more of the following: self-induced vomiting, purgative abuse, periods of starvation, and/or use of drugs such as appetite suppressants. 6. No known medical illness is present which can account for the disorder. 7. An absence of any other primary psychiatric disorder. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no.144", "cop": 1, "opa": "Obesity", "opb": "Self induced vomiting", "opc": "Menstrual disorder", "opd": "Sho duration", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Sleep disorders and eating disorders", "id": "dd4ca0d1-8062-4296-b78d-e555975cb375", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Bruxism is", "exp": "Bruxism (teeth-grinding): The patient has an involuntary and forceful grinding of teeth during sleep. Though the bed paner repos loud sounds produced by grinding of teeth and destruction of the tooth enamel is obvious, the patient remains completely unaware of the episode(s). Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 140", "cop": 3, "opa": "Walking during sleep", "opb": "Nocturnal enuresis", "opc": "Grinding of teeth during sleep", "opd": "Sleep apnoea", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Sleep disorders and eating disorders", "id": "37d485f6-7019-4aa8-bfd0-c83028277b93", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Characteristic feature of subcoical dementia is", "exp": "A i.e. Memory loss Aphasia, Agnosia, Dyslexia are characteristic features of coical dementia. So we are only left with memory loss for sub coical dementia.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Memory loss", "opb": "Aphasia", "opc": "Dyslexia", "opd": "Tactile agnosia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "d2f23a62-f0ff-4787-9e03-d893ee4f98de", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "\"Mellanby effect\" is seen with", "exp": "Mellanby effect: Intoxicating effect of alcohol are greater at a given BAC (blood alcohol concentration) when blood alcohol level is increasing than for the same BAC when blood alcohol level is falling.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Paracetamol", "opb": "Aspirin", "opc": "Alcohol", "opd": "LSD", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "a845cf78-93cb-4e55-b23b-b6db8a2b46c7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "extinction was given by", "exp": "Behavioral therapy is learning given by BF Skinner , according to him all behaviors are learned phenomenon and thus can be unlearned Positive reinforcement a type of reinforcement when a behavior is rewarded there is more chance that the behavior is repeated Negative reinforcement is that when a behavior is done and an aversive response is removed, the behavior is repeated. When I go and meet my girlfriend, she checks my messages and picks up fight (aversive response) suddenly I delete all messages one day and that day there was no fight (no aversive response) then that behavior is repeated (delete all messages before meeting my girlfriend) Extinction is the type of reinforcement where a behavior is done and a rewarding response is removed the chance is that behavior will not be repeated A child likes to play with children( reward) but when the child fights with other children( undesirable behavior) the child will be removed from playing( removing a reward) , then the child stops fighting with other children( reduction of undesirable behaviour) Ref. kaplon and sadock synopsis, 11 th edition, pg no. 845", "cop": 4, "opa": "morel", "opb": "bleuler", "opc": "schneider", "opd": "skinner", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Treatment in psychiatry", "id": "6592cc6d-47f6-4a5a-b779-8247ef508b1d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common cause of suicide is", "exp": "Depression is the most common cause of suicide Ref: Essentials of postgraduate psychiatry By JN Vyas 1st ed Pg 604-607", "cop": 2, "opa": "Schizophrenia", "opb": "Depression", "opc": "Cyclothymia", "opd": "Mania", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood disorders", "id": "3c07f790-ba76-4f80-8b0d-b2bc1f22d963", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Wernicke&;s encephalopathy in alcohol consumption can be treated with", "exp": "Alcohol-Induced Amnestic Disorder: (1) Wernicke's encephalopathy, Confabulation, Ataxia, Ophthalmoplegia (gaze palsy, lateral orbital palsy)horizontal nystagmus tends to reverse rapidly with thiamine supplementation. it can be remebered with a mnemonic GOA G====Global confusion O====ophthalmoplegia A====Ataxia (2) Korsakoff's syndrome (permanent in 50 to 70%): anterograde, retrograde amnesia and potential impairment in visuospatial, abstract, and other types of learning. .They respond to 50 to 100 mg of oral thiamine a day, usually administered for many months. Both are due to thiamine deficiency, causing neuropathological lesions symmetrically in mammillary bodies, thalamus, hypothalamus, midbrain, pons, medulla, fornix, and cerebellum. Reference: P.1279 11.2 Alcohol-Related DisordersKaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th Ed", "cop": 2, "opa": "Pyridoxine", "opb": "Thiamine", "opc": "Riboflavin", "opd": "Niacin", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "3f9d4886-d8c1-4a90-b5a4-3f83d84336cd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Normal therapeutic level of Lithium level is", "exp": "Blood Lithium Levels (in treatment of bipolar disorder)* Therapeutic levels = 0.6-1.2 mEq/L (For the treatment of acute mania)* Prophylactic levels = 0.6-1.0 mEq/L (For relapse prevention in bipolar disorder)* Toxic lithium levels > 2.0 mEq/L Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no.190", "cop": 2, "opa": "0.5 to 0.7 mEq/litre", "opb": "0.7 to 1.1 mEq/litre", "opc": "0.1 to 0.3 mEq/litre", "opd": "1.5 to 2 mEq/litre", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Pharmacotherapy in psychiatry", "id": "b8c86f0d-1664-4264-8369-442b8fb65628", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Agoraphobia commonly occurs with", "exp": "(C) Panic attacks # Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by anxiety in situations where the sufferer perceives certain environments as dangerous or uncomfortable, often due to the environment's vast openness or crowdedness.> These situations include wide-open spaces, as well as uncontrollable social situations such as the possibility of being met in shopping malls, airports and on bridges.> Agoraphobia is defined within the DSM-IV TR as a subset of panic disorder, involving the fear of incurring a panic attack in those environments. In the DSM-5, however, agoraphobia is classified as being separate from panic disorder.> The sufferer may go to great lengths to avoid those situations, in severe cases becoming unable to leave their home or safe haven.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Bipolar affective disorder", "opb": "Schizophrenia", "opc": "Panic attacks", "opd": "Depression", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "45a6b4ee-86fb-4029-aa19-59d12d8e95d4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Ambivalence is most commonly seen in", "exp": "SCHIZOPHRENIA:- Eugen Bleuler coined the term \"Schizophrenia. which replaced dementia praecox in scientific literature. Bleuler proposed four symptoms which he called as fundamental (or primary) symptoms of schizophrenia. These symptoms are also known as 4 A's of Bleuler. They include: A. Autistic thinking and behavior (Autism): Excessive fantasy thinking which is irrational and withdrawn behavior. B. Ambivalence: Marked inability to take decisions. C. Affect disturbances: Disturbances of emotions such as inappropriate affect. D. Association disturbances: Disturbances of association of thoughts such as formal thought disorders. Ref:- Psychiatry by Sandeep Govil, pg num:- 80", "cop": 1, "opa": "Schizophrenia", "opb": "Hysteria", "opc": "Mania", "opd": "Obsessive compulsive disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders", "id": "8275cb94-c460-4493-9b8b-1f5a4ddf724f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A patient on t/t for psychiatric disorder takes overdose of a drug, develops bradycardia, hypotension, decreased sweating and salivation. The likely drug is", "exp": "A i.e. Amitryptilline", "cop": 1, "opa": "Amitryptilline", "opb": "Lithium", "opc": "Selegiline", "opd": "Amphetamine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "138ae62a-1c8a-44f0-a3d1-631677c36758", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Somnambulism is seen in", "exp": "Most of the NREM phase disorders occur in NREM 3, except Somnoliquy & Bruxism which are seen in NREM 2.", "cop": 3, "opa": "NREM 1", "opb": "NREM 2", "opc": "NREM 3", "opd": "REM", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "7f407d0e-8119-45de-9859-065084718a7a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Delusions of persecution, grandiosity and infidelity are features of", "exp": "i.e. (Paranoid schizophrenia): (2721-H 17th)PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIACharacterized by1. Delusion of persecution2. Delusion of reference3. Delusion of grandeur (or grandiosity)4. Delusion of infidelity (or Jealousy)5. Schneider's first rank symptoms6. The delusions are usually well-systematized7. The personality deterioration is much less than in other types of schizophrenias8. Patients may be apprehensive (due to delusions & hallucination)SCHIZOPHRENIACATATONICClinical presentation is dominated by profound changes in motor activity, negativism and echolalia or echopraxiaPARANOIDProminent preoccupation with a specific delusional systemDISORGANIZEDDisorganized speech and behavior are accompanied by a superficial or silly affectRESIDUALNegative symptomatology exists in the absence of delusions, hallucination or motor disorders", "cop": 3, "opa": "Bipolar disorders", "opb": "Obsessive compulsive disorder", "opc": "Paranoid schizophrenia", "opd": "Borderline personality disorder", "subject_name": "Medicine", "topic_name": "Psychiatry", "id": "6a786bb2-799d-413d-ab36-92550e038f3f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Black patch delirium is seen in", "exp": "Delirium can develop after cataract surgery in ilder patient who wear eye patches.Delirium caused by this sensory deprivation is called as \"Black patch\" delirium.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Dart skinned individuals", "opb": "Patients with malignant melanoma", "opc": "Patients with 3 degree burns", "opd": "Post cataract surgery patient", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "d7a04660-6f48-4926-85d6-17df578e390c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Agoraphobia is associated with", "exp": "(D) Panic disorders # AGORAPHOBIA is characterized by anxiety in situations like environment's vast openness or crowdedness.> These situations include wide-open spaces, as well as uncontrollable social situations such as the possibility of being met in shopping malls, airports and on bridges.> It is most commonly associated with panic disorders and standardized tools, such as Panic and Agoraphobia Scale, can be used to measure the severity of agoraphobia and panic attacks and monitor treatment.> Exposure treatment can provide lasting relief to the majority of patients with agoraphobia. Systematic desensitization may also be used. Medications like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Benzodiazepines, MAO inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants are also sometimes prescribed for treatment of agoraphobia.> Antidepressants should be used in conjunction with exposure as a form of self-help or with cognitive behaviour therapy.", "cop": 4, "opa": "OCD", "opb": "Bipolar disorders", "opc": "Stress disorders", "opd": "Panic disorders", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "fad37c6e-f9b6-42cf-ad2e-fda03643695f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "CAGE test is used for diagnosis of", "exp": "CAGE Questionnaire The CAGE questionnaire basically consists of four questions: i. Have you ever had to Cut down on alcohol (amount)? ii. Have you ever been Annoyed by people's criticism of alcoholism? iii. Have you ever felt Guilty about drinking? iv. Have you ever needed an Eye-opener drink (early morning drink)? A score of 2 or more identifies problem drinkers. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 39", "cop": 3, "opa": "Opioid abuse", "opb": "Schizophrenia", "opc": "Alcoholism", "opd": "Paranoid Psychosis", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance abuse", "id": "59ffc77f-3f4b-41ff-be1e-172d29ea1020", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Cingulotomy is used to treat", "exp": "Cingulotomy and Capsulotomy are the psychosurgical techniques that can be used in the treatment of OCD.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Parkinsonism", "opb": "Schizophrenia", "opc": "OCD", "opd": "Autism", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "439e22a6-0e40-4642-be02-3501c832a017", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Treatment of seasonal affective disorder", "exp": "Seasonal affective disorder is mood disorder with seasonal pattern treated with Bright light therapy.", "cop": 3, "opa": "SSRIs", "opb": "ECT", "opc": "Bright light therapy", "opd": "Sensate focus", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "6c16170d-7cb8-48f0-aee3-f505871de921", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Anxious,shy, avoidant symptoms come under cluster", "exp": "Patients with cluster C personality disorders have shy and anxiety features. This cluster contains 3 personality disorders namely Avoidant Dependent Obsessive-compulsive Ref. Kaplan and sadock synopsis of psychiatry, page 742", "cop": 3, "opa": "A", "opb": "B", "opc": "C", "opd": "D", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Personality disorders", "id": "a3ad596d-1eea-4996-bef0-f98fdaccf050", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Rapid cycling Bipolar disorder is characterized by", "exp": "(A) More than 4 episodes per year # RAPID CYCLING MOOD DISORDER has an earlier age of onset (third decade) than recurrent depressive (unipolar) disorder. Unipolar depression, on the other hand, is common in two age groups: late third decade and fifth to sixth decades.> An average manic episode lasts for 3-4 months and a depressive episode lasts from 4-6 months. Unipolar depression usually lasts longer than bipolar depression.> With rapid institution of treatment, the major symptoms of mania are controlled within weeks and of depression within 6-8 weeks.> Nearly 40% of depressive with episodic course improve in 3 months, 60% in 6 months and 80% improve with in a period of one year. 15-20% of patients develop a chronic course of illness, which may last for two or more years. Chronic depression is usually characterized by less intense depression, hypochondriacal symptoms, presence of comorbid disorders (like dysthymic disorder, alcohol dependence, personality disorders and medical disorders), presence of ongoing stressors and unfavorable early environment.> As the age advances, the intervals between two episodes shorten and, the duration of the episodes and their frequency tends to increase. Although not all patients have relapses, it has been estimated that up to 75% of patients have a second episode within 5 years.> Some patients with bipolar mood disorder have more than 4 episodes per year; they are known as rapid cyclers.> About 70-80% of all rapid cyclers are women.> When phases of mania and depression alternate very rapidly (e.g. in matter of hours or days), the condition is known as ultra-rapid cycling.> Some of the factors associated with rapid cycling include the use of antidepressants (especially tricyclic antidepressants), low thyroxin levels, female gender, bipolar II pattern of illness, and the presence of neurological disease.> There is an increased mortality in patients with mood disorders by almost two times the general population. The most important cause of death is suicide, the life-time risk of which is 10-15 times higher in depression. Patients with depression also have higher mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases and co-morbid alcohol and drug use disorders. Patients with depression also exhibit a variety of disturbances in immune function.", "cop": 1, "opa": "More than 4 episodes per year", "opb": "More common in males", "opc": "High thyroxine levels", "opd": "Bipolar 1 pattern of illness", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "766ecdc9-9a69-4ed9-aa39-2c558e39cbfb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "NOT a side effect of Lithium", "exp": "(A) Leucopenia # RENAL: The renal side-effects occur in 10-50% of all patients on maintenance lithium therapy. Polyuria, polydipsia. Tubular changes. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Nephrotic syndrome.> Gastrointestinal: These side-effects are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, metallic taste and abdominal pain.> Dermatological: These include acneiform eruptions, papular eruptions and exacerbation of psoriasis.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Leucopenia", "opb": "Hypothyroidism", "opc": "Polyuria", "opd": "Hypercalcaemia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "fa45b70f-f377-4f7a-880d-72420620a450", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "General Adaptation Syndrome {GAS} is seen in", "exp": "Hans Selye developed a model of stress that he called as General Adoptation Syndrome (GAS). It consisted of three phases- 1. Alarm reaction, 2. Stage of resistance, 3. Stage of exhaustion. Ref: Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11e, pg 477", "cop": 4, "opa": "Panic Attacks", "opb": "Depression", "opc": "Anxiety", "opd": "Stressful Situations", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Cognitive development and defence mechanism", "id": "05eeb4ad-6fa9-4a0c-ad29-633fa27450f7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Therapeutic exposure is a form of", "exp": "Main line of management for phobias is psychological management The main management is exposure which can be done in several ways which is explained below SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION JOSEPH WOLPE Joseph Wolpe gave the concept of systematic desensitization This is a treatment used in phobia In phobia there is a conditioned fear response to aversive neutral stimulus and avoidance of that response leads to phobia Whenever there is a fear response there is stimulation of sympathetic system In that case stimulation of parasympathetic system by relaxation there is reduction in anxiety First step is to make a step ladder which are arranged based on the severity Then is go step by step and along with doing applied relaxation Slowly the the sympathetic system is reduced The patient will be able to approach stimulus without anxiety Ref.Kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 398", "cop": 1, "opa": "Behaviour therapy", "opb": "Psychoanalysis", "opc": "Cognitive therapy", "opd": "Suppoive therapy", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Treatment in psychiatry", "id": "20b1e008-9540-42c4-b375-2ad6f0b24cb4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most commonly abused opioid is", "exp": "Heroine-brown sugar /diacetylmorphine is the most commonly abused opioid opiods works on mu, kappa and delta receptor. there is a new recpetor that is introduced that is called as orphanin receptor opiod withdrawl is a distressing experience for the patient that makes the patient to take the sunstance again the main clue for opiod withdrawl isALL ORIFICES BLEED there is lacrimation, sweating, vomiting, rhinorrhea, diarrhoea, muscle cramps and stomach ache the piloerection that occurs in opiod withdrawl is called as COLD TURKEY the tratment of opiod withdrawl can be doneby several means SUPPOIVE CARE: clonidine+benzodiazepines+dicyclomine+anti emetic+anti diarrhoeal AGONIST ASSOSIATED DETOXIFICATION: methadone and bupenorphine ANTAGONIST ASSOSIATED DETOXIFICATION: naltrexone Ref: Essentials of postgraduate psychiatry By JN Vyas 1st ed Pg 338", "cop": 2, "opa": "Morphine", "opb": "Diacetyl morphine", "opc": "Codeine", "opd": "Fentanyl", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance abuse", "id": "7ddec216-bfc6-459f-871e-1cdb70f99366", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "\"Chasing the dragon\" is a slang used with", "exp": "\"Chasing the dragon\" refers to inhalation of vapours of Heroin (opioid) placed on a heated aluminium foil.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Cocaine", "opb": "Heroin", "opc": "LSD", "opd": "Ketamine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "6e18463a-2cf4-4f5b-9dd8-331d62b27203", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Capgras syndrome is", "exp": "o Delusion that a familiar person is replaced by an imposter This is more common in Alzeimers demetia and organic conditions. ref.kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg No.333", "cop": 4, "opa": "delusion of marital infedility", "opb": "delusion of love", "opc": "delusion of persecution", "opd": "delusion of doubles", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders", "id": "a7e078d4-ca95-4b7f-8007-5d7581cb52f9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Increase in suicidal behaviour is due to", "exp": "Karolinska Institute in Sweden first noted that low concentrations of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were associated with suicidal behavior. This finding has been replicated many times and in different diagnostic groups.CSF, neurochemical, and receptor studies suppo the hypothesis that reduced central serotonin is associated with suicide. Reference: Synopsis of Psychiatry, page 766, 767.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Increase in serotonin", "opb": "Decrease in serotonin", "opc": "Increase in noradrenaline", "opd": "Reactive depression", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood disorders", "id": "503bcfa0-4f98-4865-a6f7-eaa1d64a1b56", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug of choice for prophylaxis of Mania is", "exp": "B i.e. Lithium Condition Drug of choice Acute mania Prophylaxis of bipolar disorder Lithium (Li)Q LiQ Rapid cyclers ValproateQ or Li & L-T3 > Carbamazepine", "cop": 2, "opa": "Diazepam", "opb": "Lithium", "opc": "Haloperidol", "opd": "Fluoxetin", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "2b851fef-01ed-4250-87cc-a17e8d56e3b5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Excessive sexual desire in female", "exp": "Ans. a- Nymphomania Nymphomania is an excessive sexual desire in females where she enjoys having multiple sexual paners or desires excessive sexual activity.Satyriasis is an excessive sexual desire in males where they enjoy having multiple sexual paners or desire excessive sexual activity.Types of Sexual perversionsThese are persistently indulged sexual acts in which complete satisfaction is sought and obtained without sexual intercourse.a) Sadism :Sexual gratification is obtained or increased from acts of physical cruelty or infliction of pain on one's paner.It is seen more commonly in men. To obtain sexual gratification, the sadist may bite, beat, whip, produce cuts on the victim, etc.b) Lust murder :In extremes of sadism, murder serves as a stimulus for the sexual act and becomes the equivalent of coitus, the act is accompanied by erection, ejaculation, and orgasm.c) Necrophagia : (Necros =corpse; phagia = to eat) :This is an extreme degree of sadism in which the person after mutilating the body, sucks or licks the wounds, bites the skin, drinks blood, and eats the flesh of his victim to derive sexual pleasure.d) Masochism :Sexual gratification is obtained or increased by the suffering of pain.Masochists get pleasure from being beaten, abused, toured, humiliated, enslaved, degraded, or dominated by their sexual paner.e) Necrophilia :In this condition, there is a desire for sexual intercourse with dead bodies.It is said to have a sadomasochistic foundation and that decomposition, foul smell, and coldness act as stimulants.f) Fetishism :A fetish is an abnormal stimulus or object of sexual desire.Fetishism means the use of such objects of sexual gratification leading to orgasm. For example underclothing, brassiere, petticoat, stocking, shoes, etc.g) Transvestism = Eonism:A transvestite (trans = opposite, vista = clothing) is a person whose whole personality is dominated by the desire of being identified with the opposite sex.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Nymphomania", "opb": "Satyriasis", "opc": "Frigidity", "opd": "Fetishism", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "f980146f-d376-4e62-8066-a9c32bebdf71", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common symptom of alcohol withdrawal is", "exp": "Features of alcohol withdrawal include tremor of the hands (shakes); agitation and anxiety; autonomic nervous system overactivity including an increase in pulse, respiratory rate, sweating, and body temperature; and insomnia. These symptoms usually begin within 5-10 h of decreasing ethanol intake, peak on day 2 or 3, and improve by day 4 or 5, although mild levels of these problems may persist for 4-6 months as a protracted abstinence syndrome.Harrison 19epg 2727", "cop": 2, "opa": "Body ache", "opb": "Tremor", "opc": "Diarrhea", "opd": "Rhinorrhea", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "35fe67e1-5da2-4085-812b-a42c7370b97f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A patient was on treatment with trifluperazine for some time. He presents with complaint of hypehermia, lethargy and sweating. Needed investigations are", "exp": "D i.e. Hemogram, CPK & Renal Function Test", "cop": 4, "opa": "CT Scan brain & hemogram", "opb": "Hemogram, Electrolyte level and creatinine", "opc": "ECG, Chest X-Ray and Hemogram", "opd": "Hemogram, CPK and Renal Function Test", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "26f091b9-f4f5-416d-85c0-1322967ed806", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Antipsychotic drug with prolonged action", "exp": "D i.e. Fluphenazine", "cop": 4, "opa": "Trifluperazine", "opb": "Thioridazine", "opc": "Penfluridol", "opd": "Fluphenazine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "b3568b92-fa5b-494e-b7be-9025ad7e693f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Rivastigmine and Donepezil are drugs used predominantly in the management of", "exp": "In dementia, specific drug treatment such as cholinesterase inhibitors (e.g. donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine) in moderate Alzheimer&;s disease, or memantine (NMDA antagonist) in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease, can be helpful. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 26", "cop": 4, "opa": "Depression", "opb": "Dissociation", "opc": "Delusion", "opd": "Dementia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Organic mental disorders", "id": "4938f254-fc3a-423f-9ad5-28ad31e724f9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Life span of Sigmund Freud was", "exp": "A. i.e. 1856 - 39", "cop": 1, "opa": "1856-39 and he passed most of his life in Austria", "opb": "1859-36 and he passed most of his life in Austria", "opc": "1859-36 and he passed most of his life in Grmany", "opd": "1859-36 and he passed most of his life in France", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "c93baff2-9ab9-4a76-b38a-d2311630df7b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Antipsychotic drug associated with raised QT interval", "exp": "Anti-psychotic Drugs that prolong the QT interval and in some have been associated with torsades de pointes Clozapine-Anti-psychotic / Schizophrenia Felbamate-Anti-convulsant / Seizure Fosphenytoin-Anti-convulsant / Seizure Lithium-Anti-mania / bipolar disorder Quetiapine-Anti-psychotic / Schizophrenia Risperidone-Anti-psychotic / Schizophrenia Ziprasidone-Anti-psychotic / Schizophrenia", "cop": 1, "opa": "Risperidone", "opb": "Phenobarbitone", "opc": "Fluoxetine", "opd": "Midazolam", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders", "id": "775c9ff1-3d7c-4e07-9c3a-8459f2bddce7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "ECT is useful in", "exp": "C i.e. Acute depression", "cop": 3, "opa": "Mania (Acute)", "opb": "Chronic Schizophrenia", "opc": "Acute Depression", "opd": "Pannic Disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "eae33c56-9639-4fdf-8334-4511aba87ca5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Oedipus complex has been described by", "exp": "Contributor: Freud, Sigmund (1856-1939) Coined the Term: Free association, Psychoanalysis, Psychodynamics, Oedipus complex, Electra complex, Penis envy, Primal scene, Ego defence mechanisms, Repression, Psychological determinism, Pleasure principle, Reality principle Special Mention: Founder of psychoanalysis; some of the significant contributions include: interpretation of dreams, theory of infantile sexuality, structural and topographical model of mind, theory of instincts, psychopathology of everyday life and stages of psychosexual development Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no.243", "cop": 3, "opa": "Plato", "opb": "Socaes", "opc": "Freud", "opd": "Huxley", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Cognitive development and defence mechanism", "id": "14f829f6-8172-4eae-a1fc-469430487aca", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Widmark Formula is used for", "exp": "C i.e. Alcohol The neuropathological lesion of wernicke - Karsakoff syndrome are symmetrical & paraventricular, involving the mammillary bodyQ, the thalamus, hypothalmus, mid brain, pons, medulla, fornix & cerebellum. Mc Ewan's sign & morbid jealousy is seen in alcohol abuse, and Widmark formula is used to determine the quantity of alcohol taken by person.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Opium", "opb": "Cannabis", "opc": "Alcohol", "opd": "Amphetamine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "c20aad78-4fb5-4e49-aa16-a3b7fe810c00", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug effect mimicking ''Schizophrenia' includes", "exp": "(C) Phencyclidine # PHENCYCLIDINE is an NMDA receptor antagonist also acts as a D2 receptor partial agonist. It induces symptoms that mimic schizophrenia. Amphetamines trigger the release of dopamine and excessive dopamine function is believed to be responsible for many symptoms of schizophrenia.> Cannabis use is also suspected to contribute to the hyperdopaminergic state that is characteristic of schizophrenia.> Drugs such as ketamine, Phencyclidine (PCP), and Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have been used to mimic schizophrenia for research purposes.> Alcohol abuse via a kindling mechanism can occasionally cause the development of a chronic substance induced psychotic disorder, i.e. schizophrenia.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Barbiturates", "opb": "Cocaine", "opc": "Phencyclidine", "opd": "Levodopa", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "ce810d9e-80f4-423f-9a31-e47df4591852", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "25 years old gentleman has repeated thoughts that he has not locked his car door properly and frequently checks it while driving. He also repeatedly checks locks in his house. Diagnosis is", "exp": "Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and obsessive compulsive personality disorders a(OCPD)two different types of disorders OCD is classified under anxiety disorders whereas OCPD is classified under personality disorder Patients with OCD have recurrent, irresistible, irrelevant and intrusive thoughts that are EGO DYSTONIC. They will present with repeated doubts wheather they have locked the door and vehicles, repeated contamination thoughts and does acts to counter this obsessions. These acts are called as compulsions. OCPD , a type of cluster C personality which is characterized by Preoccupied with rules Perfectionism that interferes with task completion Inflexibility Devoted to work Stubbornness EGO SYNTONICITY IS THE CHARACTERISTIC FEUTURE Key note. OCD= EGO DYSTONIC OCPD= EGO SYNTONIC Ref. Kaplan and sadock synopsis of psychiatry, 11e, Pg.756.", "cop": 1, "opa": "OCD", "opb": "OPCD", "opc": "Phobia", "opd": "Somatoform disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Personality disorders", "id": "958cd7de-be16-4c0f-ade7-5c86c6ba1dba", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A patient was brought with coarse tremors, arousal, sweating, irritability and tachycardia. History of daily alcohol intake is present. The diagnosis is", "exp": "Coarse tremors / tremulousness is the most common symptom seen after alcohol withdrawl. Arousal, sweating, irritability and tachy cardia are the other sympthoms seen after 6-8 hours of alcohol withdrawl.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Alcohol withdrawl", "opb": "Delirium tremens", "opc": "Korsakoff's psychosis", "opd": "Opioid withdrawl", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "98cd42f8-6261-42c4-8ddc-eb2315b657d0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Bad prognostic indicator of Schizophrenia is", "exp": "B i.e. Family history of schizophreniaPrognostic Factors: Predictors of Course & Outcome in SchizophreniaFactorsGood outcome(i.e. Better prognosis)Poor Outcome(Poorer prognosis)OnsetAge at onset (clinical)Onset type of SchizophreniaAcute (abrupt)QAbout 20-25Late onset Schizophrenia (>45 yr)QInsidiousQBelow (Early (childhood) onsetSchizophreniaQRate of progression (clinical)Episode of schizophreniaLength of episode prior to assessment (i.e.Course)RapidFirstSho (months or less; <6months)SlowPast history of schizophreniapresentChronic (years; > 2years)Sex & PhysiqueFemaleQ, Fatty (pyknic)QMale, Thin (asthenic)QFamily history of mental illnessAffective (mood disorder)(2SchizophreniaPrenatal adverse events & other adversesocial factorsGene polymorphism eg COMT (catechol-0-methyl-transferase), NMDA2A,NRG1 (neuregulin), DTNBP1 (dysbindin),G72, DAAO (D-aminoacid oxidase),RGS4, PRODH (Proline dehydrogenase)Genetic factors absent(none)Genetic factorsPresentPrecipitating factor (stressor)PresentAbsentInitial Clinical SymptomsMood disorder symptoms(especially depression)Q,Withdrawn/negative symptoms(eg flat or blunt affect, povey of predominance of positivesymptoms, catatonia, paranoia,schizoaffective symptoms, atypicalsymptoms, confusion(disorientation/perplexity)thought, apathy, asociality);obsessive-compulsive symptoms,autistic behaviorSchizophrenia-subtypeCatatonia subtype (paranoid hasintermediate prognosis), type 1non-deficit typeDisorganized, simple,undifferentiated, chronic catatonic,type II deficit typeCT/MRI (Head)Normal morphologyDilated (enlarged) ventricle, brainatroph y(2Neurological signs & symptoms; H/Operinatal trauma; assaultiveness, substanceabuse, cannabis use, many relapses & noremission in 3 yearsAbsentPresentPremorbid scocial, sexual, and workGood (eg married), resident ofPoor (eg single, divorced;(occupational) historiesdeveloped country, middle or highwidowed); underdeveloped socioeconomic statusnation, low S-E status, irregularoccupational recordEarly treatment with medication, long termPresentAbsent (i.e. absence of properdrug maintenance, response to medication treatment or poor response toinitially; out door treatment treatment or required long termhospitalization)", "cop": 2, "opa": "Late onset", "opb": "Family history of Schizophrenia", "opc": "Positive precipitating factors", "opd": "Prominent affective symptoms", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "cde820f5-8624-4d55-b8ec-b88c515d9264", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Opiate withdrawl is treated with", "exp": "D i.e. Methadone", "cop": 4, "opa": "CPZ", "opb": "Nalorphine", "opc": "Pethidine", "opd": "Methadone", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "ac9803f7-c56a-44c7-b4cd-e5481ccd87e5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common mental disorder as a cause of suicide", "exp": "Suicide is a model of psychiatric emergencies and is also the commonest cause of death among the psychiatric patient&;s psychiatric disorders are a major cause of suicide, for example, depression(1major depression 2depression secondary to a serious physical illness 3reactive depression), alcoholism and drug dependence and schizophrenia (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th edition, pg no.222)", "cop": 2, "opa": "Mania", "opb": "Depression", "opc": "Alcohol dependence", "opd": "Schizophrenia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood disorders", "id": "943a6b99-1519-4f94-a6be-f28ccd5905d2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Waxy flexibility and stereotype verbal and behavioural signs are seen in", "exp": "Ans. c (Catatonic schizophrenia). (Ref. Psychiatry by Niraj Ahuja, 5th ed., 60, 254)Schizophrenia: Symptoms must be present at least 6 monthsSchizophreniform Disorder: > 1 month but < 6 months.FEATURES OF CATATONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA# Bizarre posturing# Rigidity# Echolalia, echopraxia# Mutism# Waxy flexibility# Ambitendancy (no goal directed actions)# Stupor# Negativism (motiveless resistance to all commands and doing opposite)# Other signs (mannerisms, stereotype verbal and behavioural automatic obedience, verbigeration)TYPES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA ***Schizophrenia Paranoid Type# MC Type of Schizophrenia# Older patients (Onset is in their late twenties or thirties)Best prognosis# Presenting Symptoms: Preoccupation with delusions and/or hallucinations, usually involving grandeur or persecution.Schizophrenia Disorganized Type# Presenting Symptoms: Disorganized speech and behavior. Flat or inappropriate affect. Marked regression to primitive disinhibited behavior (Bizarre Behavior). Severe thought disorder. Poor contact with reality# Risk Factors: These patients tend to be younger than 25Worst prognosis.Schizophrenia Catatonic Type# Presenting Symptoms: Psychomotor Disturbances, ranging from severe retardation to excitation. Extreme negativism. Peculiarities of voluntary movements. Mutism is very common.# Complications: Medical care may be necessary because of exhaustion, malnutrition, self- inflicted injury, or hyperpyrexia.Schizophrenia Residual Type# Presenting Symptoms: Absence of positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech/behavior & catatonic behavior).# Patients tend to have negative symptoms (Social Withdrawal, Flat Affect, Occupational Dysfunction).Schizophrenia Undifferentiated Type# Presenting Symptoms: Meet criteria for schizophrenia.# Do not meet criteria for other schizophrenia types.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Paranoid schizophrenia", "opb": "Hebephrenic schizophrenia", "opc": "Catatonic schizophrenia", "opd": "Simple schizophrenia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia", "id": "a26a59c8-bead-452f-87aa-e762fd3a9b88", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The Psychological disorder most commonly associated with myxedema", "exp": "B i.e. Depression", "cop": 2, "opa": "Mania", "opb": "Depression", "opc": "Phobia", "opd": "Paronia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "b6ebf1ab-9bba-4c56-98e6-aca8e8fe8dcb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Dissociative disorders are\n(A)Multiple person\n(B)Fugue\n(C)Hypochondriasis\n(D)Obsession\n(E)Borderline personality'disorder", "exp": "Dissociative Disorders Types Dissociative fugue Multiple persona\nI -' disorder Dissociative amnesia Trance & possession disorder Ganser’ssyndrome (found in prison inmates) Characterized by Onset is sudden,\ndisturbance is temporary & recovery' is often abrupt Disturbance in the normally integrated functions of conciuosness,\nidentity & memory Often, there is precipitating stress before the onset.\nThere is clear temporal relation b/w stressor & the onset of illness Secondary gain is present Physical examination & investigation is normal", "cop": 3, "opa": "BC", "opb": "CA", "opc": "AB", "opd": "DA", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "df18bf51-c52c-49e3-a552-198336bd2417", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Transference resolved by", "exp": "(D) Psychodynamic psychotherapy # Transference: Patient's feelings, behavior and relationship with the therapist.> Transference is a phenomenon in psychoanalysis characterized by unconscious redirection of feelings from one person to another.> Transference was first described by Sigmund Freud, who acknowledged its importance for psychoanalysis for better understanding of the patient's feelings.> Focus in psychodynamic psychotherapy is, in large part, the therapist and patient recognizing the transference relationship and exploring the relationship's meaning.> Since the transference between patient and therapist happens on an unconscious level, psychodynamic therapists who are largely concerned with a patient's unconscious material use the transference to reveal unresolved conflicts patients have with childhood figures.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Inter-personal psychotherapy", "opb": "Client based psychotherapy", "opc": "Cognitive Behaviour Therapy", "opd": "Psychodynamic psychotherapy", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "ed709cac-a2fc-40ec-b02c-a5a8a8e7d556", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common type of schizophrenia", "exp": "D i.e. Paranoid", "cop": 4, "opa": "Simple", "opb": "Hebephrenic", "opc": "Catatonic", "opd": "Paranoid", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "1fa5ede1-d052-468a-8027-150d486cb0cc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "\"Amotivational syndrome\" is caused by", "exp": "Ans. a (Cannabis) (Ref-Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, Xth/ Chapter 12.5, Pg 420).MARUUANA/AND/CANNABIS# Marijuana is the most commonly used illegal drug in the United States.# Acute intoxication from marijuana and cannabis compounds is related to both the dose of Tetrahydrocanabinol (THC) and the route of administration.# THC is absorbed more rapidly from marijuana smoking than from orally ingested cannabis compounds.# Acute marijuana intoxication usually consists of a subjective perception of relaxation and mild euphoria resembling mild to moderate alcohol intoxication.# This condition is usually accompanied by some impairment in thinking, concentration, and perceptual and psychomotor function. Higher doses of cannabis may produce behavioral effects analogous to severe alcohol intoxication. THC causes a specific \"amotivational syndrome.\"# Often it can be difficult to recognize the signs of marijuana use because most of the signs take place while the individual is under the influence. Marijuana users may show following signs: Rapid, loud talking and bursts of laughter in early stages of intoxication, Sleepy or stuporous in the later stages, Inflammation in whites of eyes; pupils unlikely to be dilated, Odor similar to burnt rope on clothing, Weight gain or loss., etc# Chronic marijuana use has also been reported to increase the risk of psychotic symptoms in individuals with a past history of schizophrenia.Signs and Symptoms of Intoxication and WithdrawalDrugIntoxicationWithdrawalOpioidsCNS depression, nausea, vomiting, constipation, pupillary constriction, seizures, respiratory depression (life-threatening in overdose). Naloxone/naltrexone will block opioid receptors and reverse effects (beware of antagonist clearing before opioid, particularly with long-acting opioids such as methadone).Anxiety, insomnia, anorexia, diaphoresis, dilated pupils, fever, rhinorrhea, piloerection, nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhea, yawning.Extremely uncomfortable, but rarely lifethreatening.AmphetaminesPsychomotor agitation, impaired judgement, tachycardia, pupillary dilation, hypertension, paranoia, angina, hallucination, sudden death.Treat with haloperidol for severe agitation and symptom-targeted medications.Post-use \"crash\" with hypersomnolence, depression, malaise, severe craving, suicidality.Phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP)Belligerence, psychosis, violence, impulsiveness, psychomotor agitation, fever, tachycardia, vertical/ horizontal nystagmus, ataxia, delirium. Give benzodiazepines for severe symptoms; otherwise reassure.Recurrence of intoxication symptoms due to reabsorption in the GI tract; sudden onset of severe, random violence.LSDMarked anxiety or depression, delusions visual hallucinations, flashbacks, pupillary dilation. Give benzodiazepines or traditional antipsychotics for severe symptoms. MarijuanaEuphoria, slowed sense of time, impaired judgement, social withdrawal, appetite, dry moth, conjunctival injection, hallucinations, anxiety, paranoia, amotivational syndrome. BarbituratesLow safety margin, respiratory depression.Anxiety, seizures, delirium, lifethreatening cardiovascular collapse.BenzodiazepinesInteractions with alocohol, amnesia, ataxia, somnolence, mild respiratory depression.Rebound anxiety, seizures, tremor, insomnia, hypertension, tachycardia.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Cannabis", "opb": "Cocaine", "opc": "Alcohol", "opd": "Diazepam", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance Abuse", "id": "2e441c10-6f30-469d-809f-4461376c3b6e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Schizophrenia with the worst prognosis", "exp": "Hebephrenic schizophrenia Key Symptoms: Disorganized speech, behavior (often silly/ shallow) and flat or inappropriate affect Order of prognosis from good to bad in Schizophrenia: Catatonic > Paranoid > Undifferentiated > Hebephrenic > Simple Reference: Oxford Handbook of psychiatry; 3rd edition; Chapter 6; Schizophrenia and related psychoses", "cop": 3, "opa": "Catatonic", "opb": "Paranoid", "opc": "Hebephrenic", "opd": "Undifferentiated", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders", "id": "170029ac-2a8e-43a6-ad55-e31059a55b20", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Tourette is a disorder of", "exp": "Tourette's disorder(Gilles de la Tourette) - combined vocal and multiple motor tic disorder. presence of both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics (>1 year) Onset <18 years involuntary, spasmodic, stereotyped movement of small groups of muscles; seen most predominantly in moments of stress or anxiety Ex: Nose twitching, Shoulder shrugging, Sustained eye closure, Tensing of abdominal or limb muscles Etiology- Neurotransmitter dysregulation in basal ganglia, striatum, and frontal lobes. Rx- Haloperidol , pimozide(first line) , Risperidone , olanzapine comorbidity- ADHD, OCD AUTO IMMUNE-PANDAS( Peadiatric Auto immune NeuroPsychiatric disorders assosiated with Streptococcus) Akathisia* Motor restlessness (unpleasant need to move), usually in the lower extremities Ballismus* Intermittent, coarse, large-amplitude, jerking, shaking, flinging movements Chorea* Irregular, spasmodic movements, usually affecting the limbs or face Tic* Non-rhythmic, Stereotyped, rapid, recurring movement, involuntary or semivoluntary, and sudden in onset. TYPES: (motor tic) or vocalization (phonic or vocal tic) Tremor* Unintentional, somewhat rhythmic, muscle movement involving oscillations of one or more pas of the body Stereotypy* Repetitive, usually meaningless, gestures, habits, or automatisms Reference: P 3617: chap 46.Tic Disorders(Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th Edition)P 81 DSM-5", "cop": 2, "opa": "Attention deficit", "opb": "Tics", "opc": "Autism", "opd": "Mental retardation", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "ca13a82e-7978-4817-be45-acd2f797deb4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common side effect after ECT", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Headache", "opb": "Seizures", "opc": "Anterograde amnesia", "opd": "Retrograde amnesia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "0225dd74-d984-4026-8c7d-3674b874e936", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The eight stage classification of human life is proposed by", "exp": "D i.e. Erikson", "cop": 4, "opa": "Sigmund freud", "opb": "Pavel", "opc": "Strauss", "opd": "Erikson", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "fee36486-d9c3-40e2-a692-9c01675abe3e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Pseuddogia Fantastica is seen in", "exp": "Patients with \"Factitious disorder or Munchausen syndrome\" distart the history and there will be discrepancy between history, examination and reports which is termed as \"Pseudologia Fantastica\".", "cop": 2, "opa": "Malingering", "opb": "Factitious disorder", "opc": "Somatization syndrome", "opd": "Dissociative fugue", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "940a4255-7b65-4a61-a1c5-967e5e1c1e15", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Alexithymia is", "exp": "Alexithymia is inability or difficulty in describing or being aware of one's emotions or moods; elaboration of fantasies associated with depression, substance abuse, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Reference:Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive textbook of Psychiatry Tenth edition, Volume 3 Pg.4559", "cop": 4, "opa": "A feeling of intense rapture", "opb": "Pathological sadness", "opc": "Affective flattening", "opd": "Inability to recognize and describe feelings", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Symptoms and signs in psychiatry and classification", "id": "eb17ba7d-abb4-4a46-a7b6-7956727901e6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "behavioural therapy was given by", "exp": "Behavioral therapy is learning given by BF Skinner , according to him all behaviors are learned phenomenon and thus can be unlearned Positive reinforcement a type of reinforcement when a behavior is rewarded there is more chance that the behavior is repeated Negative reinforcement is that when a behavior is done and an aversive response is removed, the behavior is repeated. When I go and meet my girlfriend, she checks my messages and picks up fight (aversive response) suddenly I delete all messages one day and that day there was no fight (no aversive response) then that behavior is repeated (delete all messages before meeting my girlfriend) Extinction is the type of reinforcement where a behavior is done and a rewarding response is removed the chance is that behavior will not be repeated A child likes to play with children( reward) but when the child fights with other children( undesirable behavior) the child will be removed from playing( removing a reward) , then the child stops fighting with other children( reduction of undesirable behaviour) Ref. kaplon and sadock synopsis, 11 th edition, pg no. 845", "cop": 1, "opa": "skinner", "opb": "freud", "opc": "konrad lorenz", "opd": "beck", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Treatment in psychiatry", "id": "05947d13-cdb4-42af-af54-f77b0f72320f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Pimvanserin is used in the treatment of", "exp": "Pimvanserin is a 5HT2A blocker used to treat delusions and hallucinations in Parkinson's disease associated psychosis.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Schizophrenia", "opb": "Down's syndrome", "opc": "Parkinsonism", "opd": "Huntington's chorea", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "50aca5d5-e2e8-46cd-8bc9-f79b284eb241", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Depression is seen ina) Hyperthyroidismb) Hypoglycemiac) Adrenal disorderd) Pheochromocytoma", "exp": "Endocrinological disorders causing major depression are :-\n\nThyroid :- Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism\nAdrenal :- Cushing's disease, Addison's disease\nParathyroid :- Hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism\nPituitary :- Hypopituitarism, Acromegaly, Hyperprolactinemia", "cop": 1, "opa": "ac", "opb": "bc", "opc": "ad", "opd": "b", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "bc51f995-0c11-45b6-ac98-7ea27df36231", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Delusion is disorder of", "exp": "Ans. a (Thought). (Ref. Short, Textbook of Psychiatry by Niraj Ahuja, 5th/86)# Delusion is a disorder of belief.# Delusion is false unshakable belief, which is not keeping with patient's socio-cultural & educational background.# These are of 2 types:- Primary- Secondary# Primary delusions (Autochthonous delusions)- Arise de-novo & cannot be explained on the basis of other's experiences or perceptions.- Also known as autochthonous delusions, they are characteristic of schizophrenia & are seen in its early stages.# Secondary delusions- These are commonest delusions seen in clinical practice & are not diagnostic of schizophrenia.- They are seen in other psychoses too.- These can be explained as arising from other abnormal experiences.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Thought", "opb": "Perception", "opc": "Insight", "opd": "Behaviour", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "dff4c649-c411-4d80-a2ea-e5dde9ab22d2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most accurate treatment for erectile dysfunction is", "exp": "Sildenafil citrate has been used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Rapidly absorbed after oral administration, the maximum plasma concentration is reached in 30-120 minutes. It is metabolised in liver (mainly by cytochrome P450 3A4) and is conveed to an active metabolite. Sildenafil has a terminal half-life of about 4 hours. It is highly bound to plasma proteins and is not dialyzable. It is a competitive and selective inhibitor of cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate)-specific PDE-5 (phosphodiesterase type 5). It prevents the rate of breakdown of cGMP causing enhanced relaxation of cavernosal smooth muscle, increase in aerial flow into corpus cavernosa, compression of subtunical veins, and hence penile erection. The typical dose is 50 mg (25-100 mg), 1 hour before sexual activity. The maximum recommended dosing frequency is once a day. The adverse effects include a transient and mild headache, flushing, dyspepsia, and nasal congestion. Caution needs to be exercised in patients with known history of hypersensitivity, Other similar drugs include tadalafil and vardenafil. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 132", "cop": 1, "opa": "Sildenafil", "opb": "Master and Johnson technique", "opc": "Beta blockers", "opd": "Papaverine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Sleep disorders and eating disorders", "id": "7da1fda6-6168-40c0-b649-1b1242f96671", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Normal Lithium therapeutic level is", "exp": "B i.e. 0.7-1.1 meq/L", "cop": 2, "opa": "0.5-0.7 mEq/L", "opb": "0.7-1.1 mEq/ L", "opc": "0.1-0.3 meq/L", "opd": "1.5-2 mEq/ L", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "c8f4b2a0-8077-4662-8c5b-a75a34e44082", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Reversible cause of dementia is", "exp": "Dementia Types:- The dementia can be divided in to reversible and irreversible dementias. It is extremely impoant to do detailed work up of a patient of dementia as around 15% of cases are reversible. The reversible causes of dementia are:- A. Neurosurgical conditions (subdural hematoma, normal pressure hydrocephalus, intracranial tumors, intracranial abscess). B. Infectious causes (meningitis, encephalitis, neurosyphilis, lyme disease). C. Metabolic causes (vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, niacin deficiency, hypo and hypehyroidism, hypo and hyperparathyroidism D. Others (drugs and toxins, alcohol abuse, autoimmune). Ref:- Psychiatry by Sandeep Govil; pg num:- 35", "cop": 1, "opa": "Hypothyroidism", "opb": "Alzheimer's disease", "opc": "Huntington chorea", "opd": "Vitamin A deficiency", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood disorders", "id": "435fefef-669c-4da6-9084-6a7704bd3741", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A distinguishing feature of psychotic disorders is", "exp": "psychosis is a type of illness where the patient does not have touch with reality and beleives in fantacy. it is charecterstically mentioned that these patients does not have insight. insight is defined has patient not having any understanding about their illness this lack of touch with reality and accepting the fantacy usually presents as delusions and hallucinations. suspisousness is considered to be at the idea level which even normal people can have and that cannot be considered as a distinguishing feuture for the diagnosis of psychosis Suspiciousness may be seen in delusional/paranoid psychotic disorders as well as a paranoid personality disorder, whereas impaired reality testing is the hallmark of psychotic experience. obsessions and compulsions are pa of neurotic illness and it is not a feuture of psychosis severe depression can present even without psychosis and hence it is not a distinguishing feuture for psychosis Reference: Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry; 3rd edition", "cop": 3, "opa": "Suspiciousness", "opb": "Obsessions and Compulsions", "opc": "Confusion between fantasy and reality", "opd": "Presence of severe depression", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood disorders", "id": "0bfc5f51-2cd4-406b-bec5-4c77bb12e4cf", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Fixation is a concept related to", "exp": "Fixation is concept introduced by Sigmund Freud, he explains this in his each stage of Psychosexual stages of development. Ref: Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11e, pg 157.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Psychosocial stages of development", "opb": "Psychosexual stages of development", "opc": "Cognitive stages of development", "opd": "Hierarchy of needs", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Cognitive development and defence mechanism", "id": "8a08a416-d091-41e7-bab2-ce9e9184aee6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "significance of punishment in behaviour management was given by", "exp": "Behavioral therapy is learning given by BF Skinner , according to him all behaviors are learned phenomenon and thus can be unlearned Positive reinforcement a type of reinforcement when a behavior is rewarded there is more chance that the behavior is repeated Negative reinforcement is that when a behavior is done and an aversive response is removed, the behavior is repeated. When I go and meet my girlfriend, she checks my messages and picks up fight (aversive response) suddenly I delete all messages one day and that day there was no fight (no aversive response) then that behavior is repeated (delete all messages before meeting my girlfriend) Extinction is the type of reinforcement where a behavior is done and a rewarding response is removed the chance is that behavior will not be repeated A child likes to play with children( reward) but when the child fights with other children( undesirable behavior) the child will be removed from playing( removing a reward) , then the child stops fighting with other children( reduction of undesirable behaviour) Ref. kaplon and sadock synopsis, 11 th edition, pg no. 845", "cop": 3, "opa": "lorenz", "opb": "schneider", "opc": "skinner", "opd": "bleuler", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Treatment in psychiatry", "id": "ef39671e-7cc0-4024-b56d-15eb85476c5a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Term 'Catatonia' was used by", "exp": "Contributor: Kahlbaum, Karl (1828-1899) Coined the Term: Catatonia, Symptom complex, Cyclothymia Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no.244", "cop": 1, "opa": "Karl kahlbaum", "opb": "Adolf Meyer", "opc": "Leo Kanner", "opd": "Karen Horney", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Cognitive development and defence mechanism", "id": "6bf6ecd9-36a4-4d51-a641-cf67c7594e28", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "shared psychotic disorder", "exp": "* Shared psychotic disorder o Induced psychotic disorder o Falret o Patient who has a psychotic symptom passes the delusion to a new person o The new person is dependent on the person harboring the psychotic symptoms o The new person may be intellectually impaired or have subnormal intelligence o Treatment of choice is the SEPERATION of the patient from the person who is inducing the delusion o Low dose antipsychotics may help Ref.Kaplon and Sadock, Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11 th edition, Pg.no.333", "cop": 1, "opa": "falret", "opb": "Jacob Kasanin", "opc": "Benedict Morel", "opd": "Ku schneider", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders", "id": "6012ca84-b378-4988-9ef7-86183809ad4f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A 25 years old male c/o recurrent abdominal pain but biochemical assays and ultrasound abdomen is normal. He also complains of constant headaches. He suddenly complains of loss of vision of bilateral eyes. Ophthalmologist finds nothing on examination. Symptoms are most probably due to", "exp": "Ans. D. Factitious disorderFactitious disorderIt is also known as Hospital addiction, hospital hoboes, or Professional patient.The term Munchausen syndrome is used for those patients who repeatedly simulate or fake diseases (intentionally) for the sole purpose of obtaining medical attention. There is no other recognizable motive (in contrast to malingering).The typical presentation of Munchausen syndrome is characterized by a restless journey from doctor to doctor and hospital to hospital, an ever-changing list of complaints and symptoms.The patient tries to maintain the sick role to obtain medical attention. There may be evidence of earlier treatment usually surgical procedure, for example, multiple surgical scars (gridiron abdomen).", "cop": 4, "opa": "Bilateral optic neuritis", "opb": "Posterior inferior cerebellar aery infarct", "opc": "Malingering", "opd": "Factitious disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "615ba3d3-a86f-4541-b15e-24b74b16e791", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Global cerebral dysfunction characterised by alteration in cognitive function and consciousness is known as", "exp": "Ans. c (Delirium) (Ref. Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, 10th ed., p. 325. Table 10.2-5)Global cerebral dysfunction characterised by alteration in cognitive function and consciousness is known as delirium.# Delirium is Characterized by disorganized thinking, hallucinations (often visual), illusions, misperceptions, disturbance in sleep- wake cycle, cognitive dysfunction.# Usually 2deg to other illness (e.g., CNS disease, infection, trauma, substance abuse/withdrawal, metabolic/electrolyte disturbances, hemorrhage, urinary/fecal retention).# Most common presentation of altered mental status in inpatient setting. Abnormal EEG.# Treatment:Identify and address underlying cause. Optimize brain condition (02, hydration,# pain, etc). Antipsychotics (mainly haloperidol).Delirum versus DementiaCharacteristicsDeliriumDementiaHistoryAcute, identifiable dateChronic, cannot be datedOnsetRapidInsidiousDurationDays to weeksMonths to yearsCourseFluctuatingChronically progressiveLevel of consciousnessFluctuatingNormalOrientationImpaired periodicallyDisorientation to personMemoryRecent memory markedly impairedRemote memories seen as recentPerceptionVisual hallucinationsHallucinations less commonSleepDisrupted sleep-wake cycleLess sleep disruptionReversibilityReversibleMostly irreversiblePhysiologic changesProminentMinimalAttention spanVery shortNot reduced PsychosisA distorted perception of reality (psychosis) characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and/ or disorganized thinking. Psychosis can occur in patients with medical illness, psychiatric illness, or both.HallucinationsPerceptions in the absence of external stimuli (e.g., seeing a light that is not actually present).DelusionsUnique, false beliefs about oneself or others that persist despite the facts (e.g., thinking aliens are communicating with you)Somatoform disordersSomatization disorder# Set of eight more symptoms (four pain, two gastrointestinal, one sexual, one pseudoneurologic)# Onset before age 30# Symptoms usually occur over period of years# More common in women than in men (20 to 1)Conversion disorder# One or more symtoms# Altering of physical functioning, suggesting physical disorder# Usually skeletal, muscular, sensory, or some peripheral non-autonomic system, e.g., paralysis of the hand, loss of sight# Loss of functioning is real and unfeigned# Loss for la belle indifferenceHypochondriasis# Unrealistic interpretation of physical sign as abnormal# Preoccupation with illness or fear of illness when none present# Preoccupation persists in spite of reassurance# At least 6 months duration# Treat by simple palliative care and fostering relationshipSomatoform pain disorder# Severe, prolonged pain with no cause found# Pain disrupts day-to-day life# Look for secondary gainBody dysmorphic disorder# Preoccupation with unrealistic negative evaluation of personal attractiveness# Sees self as ugly or horrific when normal in appearance# Preoccupation disrupts day-to-day life# May seek multipe plastic surgeries or other extreme interventions", "cop": 3, "opa": "Acute anxiety", "opb": "Depression", "opc": "Delirium", "opd": "Dementia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Organic Mental Disorder", "id": "3d90f1c0-838a-49c6-b9b2-f15196abc160", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug that is mostly used to decrease the suicidal tendencies in Manic Bipolar Disorder", "exp": "(B) Lithium # With Lithium treatment, patients have been shown to present a decreased risk of suicide (especially when treated with Lithium) and a reduction of frequency and severity of their episodes, which in turn moves them toward a stable life and reduces the time they spend ill.> In order to maintain their state of balance, therapy is often continued indefinitely, as around 50% of the patients who dis- continue it relapse quickly and experience either full-blown episodes or sub-syndromal symptoms that bring significant functional impairments.> There is a high rate of suicide among people with untreated bipolar disorder, and studies show that lithium treatment significantly reduces this risk.> Conversely, patients who discontinue lithium treatment are 20 times as likely to commit suicide during the first 6 months following discontinuation.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Fluoxetine", "opb": "Lithium", "opc": "Carbamazepine", "opd": "Risperidone", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "aa3866be-aee3-4351-b3fe-53b5fef45745", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A man taking 20 cigarettes per day, staed coughing, his family suggested quitting cigarettes. He is ready to quit but thinks that quitting will make him irritable, the best health planning model followed is aEUR'", "exp": "Precontemplation and preparation Five stages of change have been conceptualized for a variety of problem behaviours The five stages of change are: ?- Precontemplation- Contemplation- Preparation- Action- MaintenancePrecontemplationIt is the stage at which there is no intention to change behaviour in the forseeable future. Many individuals in this stage are unaware or underaware of their problems.ContemplationIt is the stage in which people are aware that a problem exists and are seriously thinking about overcoming it but, have not yet made a commitment to take an action.PreparationIt is a stage that combines intention and behavioural criteria.Individuals in this stage are intending to take action in the next month and have unsuccessfully taken action in the past yearActionIt is the stage in which individuals modify their behaviour experiences or environment in order to overcome their problems.Action involves the most ove behavioural changes and require considerable commitment of time and energy.MaintenanceIt is the stage in which people work to prevent relapse and consolidate the gains attained during action.For addictive behaviour this stage extends from six months to indeterminate period past the initial action.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Cost and survival", "opb": "Persuasion", "opc": "Precontemplation and preparation", "opd": "Precontemplation and preparation", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "4a9c0183-0ee6-4f2b-a371-49c202b3f8dc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Quod Hanc means", "exp": "This is a very interesting concept When males comes with impotence the history has to be obtained from the patient to rule out wheather it is organic or psychogenic erectile dysfunction Ceain points in history helps us to confirm that we are dealing with a case of psychogenic impotence The history is mainly * Early morning erection * Erection when not needed * Erection during masturbation * Erection when having sexual relationship with other paners now when coming back to the question there are ceain people who can maintain erectio only with ceain paners but could not maintain erection with other paners called as impotence quoad hunc another question that asked under this heading is Madonna- putana complex * given by Freud * These men can maintain erection with women whom they consider as degraded Ref.Kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 584", "cop": 4, "opa": "Passive paner in sexual intercourse", "opb": "Women having high sexual desire", "opc": "Sexual paner in pedophilia", "opd": "Male impotent to paicular woman", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Sleep disorders and eating disorders", "id": "415bd591-0ace-400c-a45f-65a751c17e47", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Wernicke&;s encephalopathy is due to deficiency of", "exp": "The commonest cause of the organic amnestic syndrome is chronic alcohol dependence. It is also called as Wernicke-korasakoff syndrome. Wernicke&;s encephalopathy is the acute phase of delirium proceeding to the organic amnestic syndrome, while korasakoff&;s syndrome is the chronic phase of the amnestic syndrome. (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja,7th edition, pg no. 27)", "cop": 1, "opa": "Thiamine", "opb": "Niacin", "opc": "Folic acid", "opd": "Pyridoxine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Organic mental disorders", "id": "95f96565-8482-47d2-91c6-f128b4fbe37b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Obsessive Compulsive Neurosis is likely to progress into", "exp": "C i.e. Secondary depression In OCN failure to control ego-alien impulse leads to development of depression, as the patient is unable to control the behaviour about which he knows that it is irrational & absurd.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Paronia", "opb": "Edogenous Depression", "opc": "Secondary Depression", "opd": "Dissociation", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "4f35db58-710f-46ce-8af1-6ccf603be707", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Ability to form a concept and generalize is known as", "exp": "Thinking characterised by the ability to grasp the essentials of a whole, to break a whole into its pas, and to discern common propeies. To think symbolically. Ref: Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11e, pg 1407.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Concrete thinking", "opb": "Abstract thinking", "opc": "Intelligent thinking", "opd": "Delusional thinking", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Cognitive development and defence mechanism", "id": "9f3f1112-f5ad-4552-8d80-aff1b5039102", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Mental retardation is diagnosed if. (Intelligence quotient) is less than", "exp": "70", "cop": 3, "opa": "90", "opb": "80", "opc": "70", "opd": "60", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "2225fd58-8948-4443-91f2-5d33309285f6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Perseveration is", "exp": "(B) Repetition of word or a phrase > \"Perseveration refers to a tendency to present with a point or theme, even after it has been dealt with exhaustively or the listener has tried to change the subject.\"> Perseveration is seen in schizophrenia3 but is not characteristic of this disorder.> It also seen in autistic disorders and few other psychosis. It is chracterised by repeatition of thoughts, speech or brief behavioural sequences without a sense of incompletion and not as a preventive or a corrective measure. This implies clearly that it is carried out without any purpose.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Repetition of an activity", "opb": "Repetition of word or a phrase", "opc": "Inability to change the mental set in spite of a new stimulus", "opd": "Persistence of uncomfortable posture for long periods", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "d96cc682-11b4-4b5a-90d1-907c1fafd37e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Sleep pattern seen in mania is", "exp": "A person in mania is hyperactive so that he has decreased need for sleep.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Hypersomnia", "opb": "Insomnia", "opc": "Decreased need for sleep", "opd": "Somnambuslism", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "90c0ad42-5672-4f24-ac4e-504cf8c2a724", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Irresistible urge to do a thing repeatedly is seen in", "exp": "An obsession is defined as an idea, impulse or image which intrudes into the conscious awareness repeatedly, patient tries to resist against it but is unable to . an obsession is usually associated with compulsion and a compulsion is defined as a form of behaviour which usually follows obsessions,the behaviour is not realistic and is either irrational or excessive compulsion may diminish the anxiety associated with obsession (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th edition, pg no 95)", "cop": 1, "opa": "Obsessive - compulsive disorder", "opb": "Schizophrenia", "opc": "Schizoaffective disorder", "opd": "Depression", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Anxiety disorders stress disorders and grief", "id": "5e4d2fdd-8412-49dc-804a-7207fded32c8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "18 years old male hears voices discussing him in 3rd person has", "exp": "Voices discussing the person in 3rd person (third person hallucination) is characteristic of schizophrenia.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Obsession", "opb": "Depression", "opc": "Mania", "opd": "Schizophrenia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "5246b7b9-0008-4093-91b1-eeb5f54b74e3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A 24 year old female working in a office thinks his boss is secretly in love with her. Even though he denies the facts, she feels he is hiding it from her. This disorder is suggestive of", "exp": "Declerembault syndrome also called as Erotomania is where a female usually of lower socioeconomic status believes that  a high profile male is secretly in love with her.\n\nCotard syndrome : Delusion of Nihilism.\nOthello syndrome : Delusion of Infidelity.\nCapgrass syndrome : Delusion of Doubles.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Declerembault syndrome", "opb": "Cotard syndrome", "opc": "Othello syndrome", "opd": "Capgrass syndrome", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "ddea6614-2bd3-499f-97f4-4585b90b0026", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Ataxia abasia is seen in", "exp": "Conversion Disorder Conversion disorder is characterised by the following clinical features: 1. Presence of symptoms or deficits affecting motor or sensory function, suggesting a medical or neurological disorder. 2. Sudden onset. 3. Development of symptoms usually in the presence of a significant psychosocial stressor(s). 4. A clear temporal relationship between stressor and development or exacerbation of symptoms. 5. The patient does not intentionally produce the symptoms. 6. There is usually a ' secondary gain' (though not required by ICD-10 for diagnosis). 7. Detailed physical examination and investigations do not reveal any abnormality that can explain the symptoms adequately. 8. The symptom may have a 'symbolic' relationship with the stressor/conflict. Dissociative Motor Disorders: The motor disturbance usually involves either paralysis or abnormal movements. The 'paralysis' may be a monoplegia, paraplegia or quadriplegia. The abnormal movements can range from tremors, choreiform movements and gait disturbances, to convulsive movements. These movements either occur or increase when attention is directed towards them and may disappear when the patient is watched unobserved. These movements do not fit the 'typical' clinical picture of the abnormal involuntary movement disorders. The gait disturbance (ataxia abasia) is usually characterised by a wide-based, jerky, staggering, dramatic and irregular gait with exaggerated body movements. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 99", "cop": 1, "opa": "Conversion disorder", "opb": "PTSD", "opc": "Depression", "opd": "Mania", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Somatoform disorders", "id": "a2dc8023-3fb7-464a-a151-d754fac42ff1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Disruption or disorganization of biological rhythm is observed in", "exp": "Disturbance of biological functions is common with depression, with insomnia (or sometimes increased sleep), loss of appetite and weight (or sometimes hyperphagia and weight gain), and loss of sexual drive. When the disturbance is severe, it is called as melancholia ( somatic syndrome) The somatic syndrome in depression is characterised by: a. A significant decrease in appetite or weight b. Early morning awakening, at least 2 (or more) hours before the usual time of awakening c. Diurnal variation, with depression being worst in the morning d. Pervasive loss of interest and loss of reactivity to pleasurable stimuli e. Psychomotor agitation or retardation. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no.72", "cop": 3, "opa": "Schizophrenia", "opb": "Anxiety", "opc": "Depression", "opd": "Mania", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood disorders", "id": "80c83132-0c7b-452d-8218-757339c85c3d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "T.J.Crow", "exp": "Type I\nType II\n\n\nPositive Symptoms\nNegative Symptoms\n\n\nCT and MRI normal\nCT and MRI shows enlarged ventricles\n\n\nGood Prognosis\nBad Prognosis", "cop": 3, "opa": "Coined the term \"Dementia Praecox\"", "opb": "Gave 11 First rank symptoms", "opc": "Divided Schizophrenia into 2 subtypes , Type I & Type II", "opd": "Gave 4 'A's of Schizophrenia.", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "bf76e53c-acaa-478b-8973-96cff20a4466", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A person is very impatient, competitive and works like a perfectionist. He/she can be best described as", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.e., Type A personality Types of personalitiesA. Type A personality: - Type 'A' individuals are impatient, time-conscious, highly competitive, ambitious, hostile, and aggressive. They have difficulty in relaxing and are concerned about their status. Type A individuals are often highly achieving workaholics, who do multitask, drive themselves with deadlines and are unhappy about the smallest of delay. Type 'A behavior is expressed in three major symptoms:-i) Time urgency and impatience (Time pressure)ii) Free floating hostilityiii) CompetitivenessB. Type B personality: - Type B individuals are opposite of Type A. They are relaxed and easy going and have no sense of urgency. They do not get stressed (in contrast to Type A' individuals).C. Type C personality:- A type C personality is designated to individuals who appear to be Cancer prone and someone higher risk for developing cancer (e.g. breast cancer). They tend to be introverted, respectful, eager to please, and compliant.D. Type D personality:- This type of individual have increased level of anxiety, irritation and depressed mood. Type D personality is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular problems, e.g. recurrent MI or sudden cardiac death. People with type D personalities seem to have more highly activated immune system and more inflammation, which could mean more damage to blood vessels in the heart and throughout the body.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Type A personality", "opb": "Type B personality", "opc": "Type C personality", "opd": "Type D personality", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Personality Disorders", "id": "9b4c33d1-0616-4a81-92a2-40a9fa857eb0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Physical dependence is not seen with", "exp": "C i.e. Cannabis Physical dependence and withdrawl symptoms are absent in LSD and mild in cannabinoids (cannabis), amphetaminesQ, ectasy, psychedelics, cigarettes and caffeine. So symptomatic treatment is not required in withdrawl of LSD (1st) > cannabis (2nd answer)Q. Drug Physical dependence Psychic dependence Physical withdrawl problems Psychic withdraw( problems Opioids Severe Severe Strong Strong Alcohol Moderate Moderate Strong Moderate Barbiturates Moderate Moderate Strong Moderate Amphetamines Moderate Moderate Mild Mild Benzodiazepine Mild Mild Moderate Moderate Crack / Cocaine + (Probable) Moderate Moderate Severe Nicotine(cigarettes) Mild Moderate Mild Strong Caffeine Mild Moderate Mild Mild Phencyclidine + (Probable) Mild Mild None Ectasy - - Mild None Cannabinoids (Cannabis, marihuana) + (Probable / little) Moderate Mild Mild LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide) Nonedeg Mild - * Amphetamine & cocaine are non addictive, or cause psychological but not physical dependence, but critics claim this of limited meaning now", "cop": 3, "opa": "Alcohol", "opb": "Raw opium", "opc": "Raw opium", "opd": "Benzodiazepines", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "7ce67beb-98fe-4af8-8841-968ebbc62447", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A 23 year old engineering student is brought by his family to he hospital with history of gradual onset of suspiciousness, muttering and smiling without clear reason, decreased socialization, violent outbursts, and lack of interest in studies for 8 months. Mental status examination revealed a blunt affect, thought broadcast, a relatively preserved cognition, impaired judgment and insight. He is most likely to be suffering from", "exp": "C i.e. SchizophreniaNon bizarre delusionsQ (i.e. involving situations that occur in real life such as being followed, infected, loved at distance or deceived by spouse or having disease or being persecuted) of atleast one month duration.Criteria A for schizophrenia has never been met.Apa from delusional area, the personality, behaviour & functioning is not markedly impaired (almost normal).Mood disturbance (if occur) are brief in duration as compared to delusional periods.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Delusional disorder", "opb": "Depression", "opc": "Schizophrenia", "opd": "Anxiety disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "28071270-5d5e-4256-ab85-6a6129e4902a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Severe mental retardation is", "exp": "Mental retardation level IQ range Mild 50-69 Moderate 35-49 Severe 20-34 Profound < 20 (Ref: A sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja,7th edition, pg no 156)", "cop": 3, "opa": "50 - 69", "opb": "35 - 49", "opc": "20 - 34", "opd": "Less than 20", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Child psychiatry", "id": "d3c211d9-782e-4552-9c44-41803c37acb6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Ribot's law deals with", "exp": "Ans.C. Retrograde amnesiaRibot's Law states that during incidents of retrograde amnesia recent memories are more likely to be lost than more remote memories.Retrograde amnesia often follows a principle known as Ribot law", "cop": 3, "opa": "Dementia", "opb": "Delirium", "opc": "Retrograde amnesia", "opd": "Anterograde amnesia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "b3e85e8f-fc4f-4861-be8c-71b4cf4ba391", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In individuals 2 to 18 years old, the Stanford Binet Scale is most useful for evaluating", "exp": "The Stanford-Binet Scale is useful for evaluating general intellectual ability in individuals 2 to 18 years old. Cerebral dominance, perceptuomotor performance, memory, and presence or absence of dyslexia are evaluated in adults using neuropsychological tests such as the Halstead-Reitan and Luria-Nebraska test batteries.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Cerebral dominance", "opb": "General intellectual ability", "opc": "Perceptuomotor performance", "opd": "Memory", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Child psychiatry", "id": "f7c90fee-76d9-48a9-9311-8bb8be21ead9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Elation is controlled by", "exp": "Elation (moderate elevation of mood): A feeling of confidence and enjoyment, along with an increased psychomotor activity. Elation is classically seen in mania. Reference: A sho textbook of psychiatry by Ahuja, page 70. Emotion derives from basic drives, such as feeding, sex, reproduction, pleasure, pain, fear, and aggression, which all animals share. The neuroanatomical basis for these drives appears to be centered in the limbic system. Reference: Synopsis of Psychiatry, page 13.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Limbic system", "opb": "Frontal lobe", "opc": "Temporal lobe", "opd": "Occipital lobe", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Symptoms and signs in psychiatry and classification", "id": "bb676ec3-ff79-42e5-bea8-51a127a952c0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Difference between neurosis and psychosis is", "exp": "B i.e. Insight", "cop": 2, "opa": "Severity", "opb": "Insight", "opc": "Clinical features", "opd": "Duration", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "db82a20c-ea92-4159-a43d-bd56b4ce5c93", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Twisting and protrusion of tongue, chewing of lips is seen in", "exp": "Tardive dyskinesia is usually seen late after use of typical antipsychotics in which lip smacking, chewing, twisting and protrusion on tongue .pt. is advised to take atypical antipsychotics Ref: Essentials of postgraduate psychiatry By JN Vyas 1st ed Pg: 410-412", "cop": 3, "opa": "Acute Akathisia", "opb": "Acute Dystonia", "opc": "Tardive dyskinesia", "opd": "Chronic dystonia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders", "id": "b38920eb-2c1e-4cb0-b763-74f32027cab4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common presentation of obsessive compulsive disorder in adult is", "exp": "Most common OCD is about contamination followed by pathological doubt.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Symmetry", "opb": "Sexual thoughts", "opc": "Pathological doubt", "opd": "Aggression", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "7639f372-8ded-4804-8485-d1728c1b9f35", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common genetic cause of mental retardation is", "exp": "Most common cause of mental retardation is Down syndrome followed by Fragile X syndrome.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Down's syndrome", "opb": "Fragile X syndrome", "opc": "Frederich's ataxia", "opd": "Ataxia telangietasia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "23a85560-cfc0-4a7c-b4c5-85d3f9c5d462", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Flash backs are seen with", "exp": "A i.e. LSD Spontaneous recurrence of LSDQ, or sometimes cannabis use experience even during a withdrawl state is known as Flash back LSD intoxication causes bad tripsQ ie acute panic reaction in which the individual experiences a loss of control over his self.", "cop": 1, "opa": "LSD", "opb": "Cocaine", "opc": "Opiate", "opd": "Amphetamine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "6db9569d-dead-459b-b439-3f91f6eaa495", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Paradoxical suicide is", "exp": "\"Paradoxical suicide\": Antidepressants to patients cures the motor symptoms first followed by mood, hence the patient after initiation of antidepressants become active enough and may commit suicide.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Suicide seen in caretakers of depression", "opb": "Suicide seen in children of depressed individuals", "opc": "Suicide seen in parents of depressed individuals", "opd": "Suicide seen after initiation of treatment", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "4de15ff0-9878-4c29-b4a6-786d5b9f3e5e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Stages of death was given by", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Ronald Ross", "opb": "Kurt - Schneider", "opc": "Kubler Ross", "opd": "Sigmond Freud", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "8ba1bde5-afee-4592-94f6-8e6b913282a1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common symptom of symptom of alcohol withdrawal is", "exp": "The most common withdrawal syndrome is a hangover on the next morning. Mild tremors, nausea, vomiting, weakness, irritability, insomnia and anxiety are the other common withdrawal symptoms. Sometimes the withdrawal syndrome may be more severe, characterised by one of the following three disturbances: delirium tremens, alcoholic seizures and alcoholic hallucinosis. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 37", "cop": 2, "opa": "Bodyache", "opb": "Tremor", "opc": "Diarrhoea", "opd": "Rhinorrhea", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance abuse", "id": "4e4b1088-b359-440b-851c-1bcd4608e45a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "\"Flash back phenomenon\" is seen in", "exp": "(D) Post-traumatic stress disorder # PTSD is a reaction to being exposed to an event which is outside the range of normal human experience. It is a normal human emotional reaction to an abnormal situation. It is a psychological phenomenon. It is an emotional condition, from which it is possible to make a full and complete recovery.> Symptoms may come on soon after the trauma or fifty years later. That is what is meant by the post in PTSD. It is normal too for symptoms to come up again when faced by further trauma and in very stressful times. It is normal to be affected by trauma.> Intense fear, helplessness, or horror. Repeated and distressing recollections of the event, including images, thoughts, or perceptions. Unable to distinguish between past events and reality. Such incidents are often called \"flashbacks\" Distressing and or frightening dreams about the event. Associating various words, happenings, or \"triggers\" to the actual event wnich then causes a \"flashback\". Avoidance of anything that may \"trigger\" a flashback including not talking about the attack itself. Pretending it never happened, and an inability to recall anything about the attack, \"denial\". A feeling of numbness, detachment or \"unrealness\" about everything. A lack of emotion or inability to feel love or care about anything.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Hysteria", "opb": "Organic illness", "opc": "Acute stress reaction", "opd": "Post-traumatic stress disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "d8efc104-fdb9-4d50-b3a7-91f08e7762b7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Baby 20 year old female complains of sudden onset palpitation and apprehension. She is sweating for last 10 minutes and fears of impending death. Diagnosis is", "exp": "D i.e. Pannic attack", "cop": 4, "opa": "Hysteria", "opb": "Generalized Anxiety Disorder", "opc": "Cystic fibrosis", "opd": "Pannic Attack", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "cc4d7ff9-1adf-4da7-9447-076314da8fd2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A person is very impatient, competitive and works like a perfectionist. He or she can be best described as", "exp": "Type A personality is characterized by competitive, hardworking, time bound & impatient behaviour.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Type A personality", "opb": "Type B personality", "opc": "Type C personality", "opd": "Type D personality", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "9f67ea25-a314-4ff2-84e8-fe1b56214ed1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A 22yrs old male suffer from decreased sleep, increased sexual activity, excitement and spending excessive money for 8 days. The diagnosis is", "exp": "Symptomatic profile of the patient suggests the diagnosis, Characteristic Feature of Mania: Elation of Mood Delusion of Grandeur Increased psychomotor activity (usually goal oriented) Speech and thought: More talkative Pressure of speech, use playful language Flight of ideas Reduced sleep Over activity and poor judgment - this person is involved in high risk activities like buying sprees, reckless driving, foolish business investments, distributing money or aicles of unknown persons.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Confusion", "opb": "Mania", "opc": "Hyperactivity", "opd": "Loss of memory", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood Disorders", "id": "de409c9f-a9d1-4922-8f8a-593de7d4a29e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug of choice for Akathisia is", "exp": "Akathisia is an extrapyramidal side effect caused by antipsychotic because of increase in cholinergic activity. Although both Beta - blockers and anticholinergics can be used Propanalol remains as the drug of choice.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Dantrolene sodium", "opb": "Propranolol", "opc": "Anticholinergics", "opd": "Levodopa", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "afa99b75-a00f-4531-8665-cd470d0f4aee", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The primary delusion are disorder of", "exp": "A i.e. Thought", "cop": 1, "opa": "Thought", "opb": "Perception", "opc": "Loosening of association", "opd": "Memory", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "5fe7a3c3-993e-4fef-af63-0884a833e036", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most effective treatment of Severe Depression is by", "exp": "(B) ECT > Treatment of depression: : The most effective intervention for achieving remission and preventing relapse is medication, but combined treatment, incorporating Psychotherapy to help the patient cope with decreased self esteem and demoralization improves outcome.> In severe depression: The patient presenting as suicide/suicidal attempted/or agitation, depressive patient may come to casualty because of a refusal to eat and drink, leading to dehydration or because of refusal to take medication (E.g. Hopelessness).> ECT is at least as effective as medication, but its use is reserved for treatment-resistant cases and delusional depressions.> Severe Depression: Apart from presenting as suicide/ suicidal atemptand / or agitation, the depressive patient may come to casualty because of a refusal to eat and drink, leading to dehydration or because of refusal to take medication (e.g. hopelessness)> Behavior therapy is a type of psychotherapy (broadly defined) which is based on theories of learning, and aims at changing the maladaptive behavior and substituting it with adaptive behavior.> Although, there are many theories of learning, a majority of behavior therapy techniques are based on operant conditioning model (Skinner) and classical conditioning model (Pavlov).> Many of the ideas actually seem like common sense principles. The learning theories assume that all behavior is 'learned behavior'. The behavior that is followed by a reward is more likely to occur again (operant model), and that behavior is learned more easily if taught in small steps.> Behavior therapy is typically a short duration therapy, therapists are easy to train and it is cost-effective. The total duration of therapy is usually 6-8 weeks. Initial sessions are given daily but the later sessions are more spaced out.> A behavioral analysis is usually carried out before planning behavior therapy. One of the simplest methods of behavior analysis is called as ABC charting, i.e. a close look at the:> Antecedents (e.g. circumstances under whichthe behavior began; who, if any, were present;other details),> Behavior (description of the behavior indetail), and> Consequences (what happened afterwards;what factors helped to maintain the behavior).", "cop": 2, "opa": "Antidepressants", "opb": "ECT", "opc": "Behavior therapy", "opd": "Psychotherapy", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "335089b6-4f24-401b-9fdf-55e9a8a5b597", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Naltrexone is used in opioid dependene to", "exp": "Prevent relapse Naltrexone is a pure opioid antagonist It is a competitive antagonist at all opioid receptors. It can be used orally, to assist in the rehabilitation of ex-opioid abusers who are fully withdrawn (otherwise it will induce an acute withdraw! syndrome). A patient who then takes an opioid, fails to experience the kick or euphoria because of the opioid antagonistic actions of the Naltrexone.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Prevent respiratory depression", "opb": "Treat withdrawal symptoms", "opc": "Prevent relapse", "opd": "Treatment of opioid overdose", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "f3b63642-2208-41b4-b298-3153238dfa88", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Polyuria", "exp": "Polyuria", "cop": 1, "opa": "Rhinorrhea", "opb": "Rhinorrhea", "opc": "Yawning", "opd": "Insomnia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "821d8264-49b9-4731-bfa1-2c5836041c5b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Fluctuating level of consciousness is seen in", "exp": "Delirium is characterized by an acute decline in both the level of consciousness and cognition with paicular impairment in attention. Reference: Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry, 11th Edition, page 697.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Hysteria", "opb": "Delirium", "opc": "Dementia", "opd": "Mania", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Symptoms and signs in psychiatry and classification", "id": "d6759d72-42e6-4207-a179-703ed0018760", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Dementia of Alzheimer's type is not associated with one of the following", "exp": "An estimated 20 to 30 percent of patients with dementia (primarily patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type) have hallucinations, and 30 to 40 percent have delusions, primarily of a paranoid or persecutory. In addition to psychosis and personality changes, depression and anxiety are major symptoms in an estimated 40 to 50 percent of patients with dementia. In addition to the aphasias in patients with dementia, apraxias and agnosias are common. Other neurological signs that can be associated with dementia are seizures, seen in approximately 10 percent of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Reference: Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry, 11th Edition, page no.713.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Depressive symptoms", "opb": "Delusions", "opc": "Apraxia and aphasia", "opd": "Cerebral infarcts", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Organic mental disorders", "id": "3e6f85b5-80c2-4998-a1ab-4699686221b5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The major difference between typical and atypical antipsychotics is that", "exp": "The most impoant reason to classify the antipsychotics in typical and atypical agents is the occurrence of extrapyramidal symptoms. Typical antipsychotics have significant extrapyramidal symptoms such as parkinsonism, acute muscle dystonia and tardive dyskinesia. These side-effects are negligible or minimal with atypical agents like clozapine, olanzapine and risperidone.", "cop": 2, "opa": "The latter cause minimal or no increase in prolactin", "opb": "The former cause tardive dyskinesia", "opc": "The former are available as parenteral preparations", "opd": "The latter cause substantial sedation", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders", "id": "22a01327-5bbe-4144-95ef-e02cfd0db63f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In acute mania, the therapeutic serum level of lithium includes", "exp": "(B) 0.8-1.5 mEq / L # Blood Lithium levels:> Therapeutic levels = 0.8-1.2 mEq/L For treatment of acute mania> Prophylactic levels = 0.6-1.2 mEq/L For relapse prevention in bipolar disorders> Toxic Lithium Levels > 2.0 mEq/L", "cop": 2, "opa": "0.2-0.5 mEq /L", "opb": "0.8-1.5mEq/L", "opc": "1-2 mEq/L", "opd": "2-5 mEq /L", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "1b1e6a29-bfa3-4def-9824-646b22ed45c5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Severe mental retardation means IQ in the range of", "exp": "ICD-10 Codes for Mental Retardation F70 Mild mental retardation IQ 50-69 F71 Moderate mental retardation IQ 35-49 F72 Severe mental retardation IQ 20-34 F73 Profound mental retardation IQ <20 Reference: Page No .3450 chap. 37 Intellectual Disability (Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th Edition)", "cop": 3, "opa": "50-70", "opb": "35-50", "opc": "20-35", "opd": "<20", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "ec28cd2b-ed69-46d7-b2c5-904573c9e631", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Buprenorphine drug is a type of", "exp": "Opioid receptor Agonist / Narcotics: used in pain management, treatment for opiate addiction Methadone - u agonist Buprenorphine- paial u agonist, weak kantagonist. Overdosage: can occur with Methadone, less likely with Buprenorphine (paial agonist) Drug Action Uses Buprenorphine* paial u agonist, weak k antagonist pain management opiate addiction Bupropion * Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor Antidepressant (with minimal sexual dysfunction) , Smoking cessation Buspirone * 5-HT paial agonist, D2 agonist/antagonist Generalized anxiety disorder Opioid antagonist uses Naloxone *Inactive orally t1/2- 1hr Morphine poisoning Naltrexone Active orally t1/2- 1-3 hr Opioid, alcohol dependence Nalmefene Active orally t1/2- 8-10hr Opioid, alcohol dependence Reference: Page No.3174 31.24 Opioid Receptor Agonists: Methadone and BuprenorphineKaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th Ed", "cop": 1, "opa": "Mu paial agonist", "opb": "Mu agonist", "opc": "Mu paial antagonist", "opd": "Mu antagonist", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "8fcb4a70-8934-4029-9ff2-43db571945f1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The newest Antidepressant is", "exp": "B i.e. Fluoxetine", "cop": 2, "opa": "Buspirone", "opb": "Fluoxetine", "opc": "Penfluridol", "opd": "Clozapine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "79538e66-5d1a-4662-b17f-3ce61c21f18c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Cardinal feature of antisocial personality", "exp": "These traits include callous unconcern for the feelings of others, gross and persistent attitude of irresponsibility and disregard for social norms, rules and obligations, incapacity to maintain enduring relationships, very low tolerance to frustration and a low threshold for discharge of aggression, incapacity to experience guilt and to profit from experience, paicularly punishment, and marked proneness to blame others. Eliminationg other options: option B: it is seen in Histrionic personality disorder. option C: it is seen in Boderline personality disorder.option D: not seen in personality disorder but could be seen as delusions of grandiosity in Mania. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 115", "cop": 1, "opa": "Violation of rules of society", "opb": "Attention - seeking behavior", "opc": "Unstable interpersonal relationship", "opd": "Grandiose behavior", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Personality disorders", "id": "163e35f2-6680-473c-9120-dc7ff517b0a7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Deep sleep is characterized by", "exp": "Deep sleep or NREM 3 is characterized by presence of δ waves → Frequency 0-4 Hz.\nHence, NREM 3 is also called slow wave sleep.", "cop": 3, "opa": "α", "opb": "β", "opc": "δ", "opd": "θ", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "4af0c4a4-953b-4c6e-801c-70c7551f4453", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Squeeze technique is used for", "exp": "(B) Premature Ejaculation[?]Specific Techniques & Exercises:Various techniques useful to treat various sexual dysfunctions.In Premature Ejaculation, useful exercise known as the squeeze technique is used to raise the threshold of penile excitability.Man or the woman stimulates the erect penis until the earliest sensations of impending ejaculation are felt.At this point, the woman forcefully squeezes the coronal ridge of the glans, the erection is diminished, and ejaculation is inhibited.This technique eventually raises the threshold of the sensation of ejaculatory inevitability and allows the man to focus on sensations of arousal without anxiety and develop confidence in his sexual performance.A variant of the exercise is the stop-start technique developed by James H. Semans, in which the woman stops all stimulation of the penis when the man first senses an impending ejaculation. No squeeze is used.Presence or absence of circumcision has no bearing on a man's ejaculatory control.Glans is equally sensitive in the two states.Sex therapy has been most successful in the treatment of premature ejaculation.A man with a sexual desire disorder or male erectile disorder is sometimes told to masturbate to prove that full erection and ejaculation are possible.Male orgasmic disorder is managed initially by extravaginal ejaculation and then by gradual vaginal entry after stimulation to a point near ejaculation.Most importantly, the early exercises forbid ejaculation to remove the pressure to climax and allow the man to immerse himself in sexual pleasuring.Behavioral Therapy for PE:Originally popular due to lack of biologically based treatments.Squeeze technique:Masters & Johnson (1970); Squeezing of the glans penisStop-Start Technique:Semans (1956; Kaplan (1983); Pause sexual stimulation at impending ejaculationFactors influencing success:Heightened male awareness of sexual sensations.Decreased emphasis on coitus.Practicing the squeeze technique when masturbating:The aim of these pelvic floor muscle exercises is to restore erectile function by strengthening the bulbocavernosus muscle & ischiocavernosus muscle.Other Options[?]Erectile Dysfunction:Oral phentolamine and apomorphine have proved effective as potency enhancers in men with minimal erectile dysfunction.Sildenafil is not effective in all cases of erectile dysfunction.Cream consists of three vasoactive substances known to be absorbed through the skin: aminophylline, isosorbide dinitrate, and co-dergocrine mesylate, which is a mixture of ergot alkaloids.Gel containing alprostadil & an additional ingredient, which temporarily makes the outer layer of the skin more permeable.[?]Retrograde Ejaculation:Retrograde ejaculation always has an organic cause. It can develop after genitourinary surgery and is also associated with medications that have anticholinergic adverse effects, such as the phenothiazines, especially thioridazine.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Erectile dysfunction", "opb": "Premature ejaculation", "opc": "Retrograde ejaculation", "opd": "Antegrade ejaculation", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Sexual Disorders", "id": "600467aa-d832-4f81-b331-d335e8fe45a7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Lithium is used in prophylaxis of", "exp": "Ans. is 'd' Recurrent manic depressive attacks Lithium is used in prophylaxis of manic depressive illness.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Recurrent phobia", "opb": "Alcohol dependence", "opc": "Paranoid Schizophrenia", "opd": "Recurrent manic depressive attacks", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Bipolar Disorder", "id": "5a9bbc11-81f5-4455-bfb1-647ca3a80585", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "\"Systematic desensitization\" behavioural therapy is used to treat", "exp": "(B) Anxiety disorders # SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION, also known as graduated exposure therapy is a type of behavior therapy used in the field of psychology to help effectively overcome phobias and other anxiety disorders.> The process of systematic desensitization occurs in three steps.> The first step of systematic desensitization is the identification of an anxiety inducing stimulus hierarchy.> The second step is the learning of relaxation or coping techniques. Once the individual has been taught these skills, he or she must use them in the third step to react towards and overcome situations in the established hierarchy of fears.> The goal of this process is for the individual to learn how to cope with, and overcome the fear in each step of the hierarchy.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Depression", "opb": "Anxiety disorders", "opc": "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "opd": "Anterograde amnesia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "70bf5102-d84e-4b3d-ab89-dae9e8d7f204", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Delirium is most commonly seen in", "exp": "Factors precipitating delirium Drugs Primary neurologic diseases Surgery Sedative-hypnotics Narcotics Anticholinergic drugs Multiple drugsTreatment Alcohol or drug withdrawal Stroke, nondominant hemispheric Intracranial bleeding Meningitis or encephalitis Ohopedic surgery Cardiac surgery Prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass Noncardiac surgery Intercurrent Illnesses Environmental Infections Iatrogenic complications Dehydration Hypoxia Shock Anemia Fever or hypothermia Admission to ICU Use of physical restraints Use of bladder catheter Use of multiple procedures Pain Emotional stress Prolonged sleep deprivation Reference: Page No.1157 chap. 10.2 Delirium Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th Edition", "cop": 1, "opa": "Alcohol", "opb": "Barbiturate", "opc": "Opium", "opd": "Cocaine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "5d4d5a1f-a358-4bc1-a060-2d19c2afba4d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Total score in standard minimental status examination (MMSE) is", "exp": "Ans. b (30) (Ref Harrison's medicine 17th/ Table 365-5)Cognitive and Neuropsvchiatric ExaminationBrief screening tools such as the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) help to confirm the presence of cognitive impairment and to follow the progression of dementia.The MMSE, an easily administered 30-point test of cognitive function, contains tests of orientation, working memory (e.g., spell world backwards), episodic memory (orientation and recall), language comprehension, naming, and copying.# In FTD, the earliest deficits often involve frontal executive or language (speech or naming) function. DLB patients have more severe deficits in visuospatial function but do better on episodic memory tasks than patients with AD.# Patients with vascular dementia often demonstrate a mixture of frontal executive and visuospatial deficits.# In delirium, deficits tend to fall in the area of attention, working memory, and frontal function.The Mini-Mental Status ExaminationPointsOrientationName: season/date/day/month/year5 (1 for each name)Name: hospital/floor/town/state/country5 (1 for each name)RegistrationIdentify three objects by name and ask patient to repeat3 (1 for each object)Attention and calculationSerial 7s; subtract from 100 (e.g., 93-86-79-72-65)5 (1 for each subtraction)RecallRecall the three objects presented earlier3 (1 for each object)LanguageName pencil and watch2 (1 for each object)Repeat \"No ifs, ands, or buts\"1Follow a 3-step command (e.g., \"Take this paper, fold it in half, and place it on the table\")3 (1 for each command)Write \"close your eyes\" and ask patient to obey written command1Ask patient to write a sentence1Ask patient to copy a design (e.g., intersecting pentagons)1Total30", "cop": 2, "opa": "25", "opb": "30", "opc": "32", "opd": "35", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "53aa60d3-dae9-4a87-83ee-356175d98fdf", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The drug of choice for obsessive compulsive disorder", "exp": "Fluoxetine (Ref. Harrison Ohle p 25521The drug of choice for obsessive compulsive disorder is Fluoxetine.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Impiramine", "opb": "Fluoxetine", "opc": "Chlorpromazine", "opd": "Benzodiazepine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "81397354-c5a2-4972-86e0-9b8a0cb79264", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Post traumatic stress disorder is more likely to develop in", "exp": "(A) Those who had experienced emotional numbness immediately after the disaster# Clinial features of PTCD:> PTSD occurs when a catastropic event (usually life threatening or potentially fatal, e.g., war, earthquake, serious accident or robbery) affects the patient or a close friend or relative.> -- Patient experiences symptoms of both hyperarousal & withdrawal.> -- Symptoms of hyperarousal include anxiety, recurrent nightmares, intrusive memories of the event (flashbacks), increased startle response, & hypervigilance.> -- Symptoms of withdrawal include numbing of affective response, survivor's guilt, dissociation, & social withdrawal.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Those who had experienced emotional numbness immediately after the disaster", "opb": "Those with lower education", "opc": "Those who had experienced more stressful life events during the six months immediately following the disaster", "opd": "Dose with higher economic status", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "acde0e13-e67e-4632-91b5-49ff3d096962", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Treatment of choice for phobic disorder is", "exp": "Behaviour therapy is a type of psychotherapy which is based on theories of learning and aim in modifying maladaptive behaviour and substituting it with adaptive behaviour. If properly planned this mode of therapy is usually successful. Impoant techniques are flooding, systemic desensitisation, exposure and response prevention, relaxation technique (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th edition, pg no.94)", "cop": 2, "opa": "Psychotherapy", "opb": "Behaviour therapy", "opc": "SSRI", "opd": "Benzodiazepam", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Anxiety disorders stress disorders and grief", "id": "6ff7d1c9-33b4-42fc-9fb1-e539081be49b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Definitive treatment of phobias is", "exp": "Behaviour therapy- most studied and most effective treatment for phobias. Ref- Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11e, pg 404.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Behavioural therapy", "opb": "Social therapy", "opc": "Avoidance", "opd": "Drug therapy", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Personality disorders", "id": "50249487-29d2-4046-895a-c105f10365a9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Pagophagia involves eating", "exp": "Pica is defined as persistent eating of nonnutritive substances.It is identified only when medical problems such as intestinal obstruation, intestinal infections or poisoning arises (lead). among adults, ceain foods of pica, including geophagia (clay) and amylophagia (starch), have been repoed in pregnant women. Ref: Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11e, pg 1206", "cop": 1, "opa": "Ice", "opb": "Sand", "opc": "Clay", "opd": "Salt", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Child psychiatry", "id": "243dc646-cf4b-47b3-90c5-207c2d50cbac", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common cause of death in Rett's syndrome is", "exp": "Cardiac arrythmia is the leading cause of death in Rett's syndrome.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Hypoglycemia", "opb": "Cardiac arrhythmias", "opc": "Seizures", "opd": "Respiratory failure", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "2f8bbd53-07bf-4f66-b8f3-317ae9cd3e4c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Van Gogh Syndrome is seen in", "exp": "C i.e. Schizophrenia", "cop": 3, "opa": "Mania", "opb": "Depression", "opc": "Schizophrenia", "opd": "OCD", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "57384dda-5f40-4442-a013-06773940a686", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Side effects of fluoxetine are A/E", "exp": "C i.e. Urinary retention SSRIs (ex. Fluoxetine) are almost devoid of sedation, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmia, seizure precipitation & anticholinergic side effectsQ, such as dry mouth, bad taste, urinary retention, constipation & epigastric distressQ when compared to tricyclic antidepressants. - Least sedative antidepressants are - Venlafaxine (atypical), Tianeptine & Citalopram (SSRI) > other SSRIs fluoxetine, fluvoxemine, paroxetine, seraline)Q. At that time (1993), Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, Seraline & Citolapram were the latest antidepressant. Now Venlafaxine, Nifazodone, Reboxetine, Miazapine, Tianeptine are novel antidepressants. - Fluoxetine is a longest acting SSRI (Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor). It is devoid of anticholinergic, arrythmogenic, sedative (abuse liability) & Hypotensive side effectsQ. It has new constellation of mild S/E viz - Nervousness, Anxiety, Insomnia, Anorexia, Nausea, DiarrheaQ & Headache, Weight lossQ. Fluoxetine, by inhibiting drug metabolism can elevate drug levels of TCA & Haloperidol to dangerous level. - Gastrointestinal S/E of SSRI's are anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrheoa. Anorexia is most common in fluoxetine & weight loss begin as soon as drug is taken & peak at 20 weeks, after which weight often returns to baseline. Although most patient loose weight but some person gain weight while taken fluoxetine. (Kaplan & Sadock's - Synopsis of Psychiatry 9/e P. 1099) - Buprenorphine & Dextroprophoxyphene are opioids & have abuse liability. - Increased psychomotor activity like anxiety, akathesia, agitation and insomnia is seen in one quaer of persons initiating treatment with SSRIs specifically fluoxetine. Tianeptine is an antidepressant which increase rather than inhibit 5-HT (Serotonin) uptakeQ. Treatment of choice for OCD - Behaviour therapyQ. Drug of choice for OCD is fluoxetineQ > ClomipramineQ", "cop": 3, "opa": "Weight gain", "opb": "Sweating", "opc": "Urinary retention", "opd": "Diarrhoea", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "ca50e85b-d5d1-4a92-8ac2-c085203d274c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug of choice for resistant Schizophrenia", "exp": "Clozapine is the drug of choice for resistant Schizophrenia.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Olanzapine", "opb": "Haloperidol", "opc": "Clozapine", "opd": "ECT", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "8d57ccc4-dc80-4e3c-b470-5385c3438197", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "ECT is most useful in", "exp": "(Major depression) (98- 213- NA 6th)* Panic disorders (discrete episodes of acute anxiety)* The drug of choice ofgenerilized anxiety disorders are benzodiazepines and for panic disorder (both benzodiazepines and anti depressants* Absolute indication of ECT is (1) major severe depression with suicidal risk (This is the first and most important indication for ECT) with stupur, poor intake of food and fluids, melancholia, psychotic features (2) severe catatonia (functional) (3) severe psychosis (SZP or mania)* The only absolute contraindication is the presence of raised intracranial tension* Bilateral ECT is more effective, but unilateral ECT causes less short term memory impairments", "cop": 2, "opa": "Panic attack", "opb": "Major depression", "opc": "Schizophrenia", "opd": "Manic depressive pyschosis", "subject_name": "Medicine", "topic_name": "Psychiatry", "id": "38bbe0fe-188c-438a-9149-b235a61f4690", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Early morning awakening is a feature of", "exp": "Early morning awakening is seen in depression. It is a type of insomnia patients with depression have altered dexamethasone suppression test that is no suppression of steroid in blood after administration of dexamethasone usually the steroid is produced in normal individuals at 6 Am whereas the steroids in increased amount always keeps the brain active , ruminations and decreased sleep. Different patterns of insomnia include a) difficulty falling asleep versus b) middle or terminal insomnia (early morning awakening) Reference: Kaplon and sadock, 11 th edition, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no.351", "cop": 3, "opa": "Psychosis", "opb": "Anxiety neurosis", "opc": "Depression", "opd": "Mania", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood disorders", "id": "1efb6fb5-7097-4cb3-8bca-059f7bf70530", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Anorexia nervosa can be differentiated from bulimia by", "exp": "Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterised by the following prominent clinical features: 1. It occurs much more often in females as compared to the males. The common age of onset is adolescence (13-19 years of age). 2. There is an intense fear of becoming obese. This fear does not decrease even if the body becomes very thin and underweight. 3. There is often a body-image disturbance. The person is unable to perceive own body size accurately. 4. There is a refusal to maintain the body weight above a minimally normal weight for that age, sex and height. 5. Significant weight loss occurs, usually more than 25% of the original weight. The final weight is usually 15% less than the minimum limit of normal weight (for that age, sex and height) or a Quetelet's body-mass index (BMI) of 17.5 or less 6. No known medical illness, which can account for the weight loss, is present. 7. An absence of any other primary psychiatric disorder. 8. Amenorrhoea, primary or secondary, is often present in females. Bulimia Nervosa Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterised by the following clinical features: 1. Bulimia nervosa usually has an onset in early teens or adolescence. 2. There is an intense fear of becoming obese. There may be an earlier history of anorexia nervosa. 3. There is usually body-image disturbance and the person is unable to perceive own body size accurately. 4. There is a persistent preoccupation with eating and an irresistible craving for food. There are episodes of overeating in which large amounts of food are consumed within sho periods of time (eating binges). 5. There are attempts to 'counteract' the effects of overeating by one or more of the following: self-induced vomiting, purgative abuse, periods of starvation, and/or use of drugs such as appetite suppressants. 6. No known medical illness is present which can account for the disorder. 7. An absence of any other primary psychiatric disorder. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 142, 144", "cop": 4, "opa": "Intense fear of weight gain", "opb": "Disturbance of body image", "opc": "Adolescent age", "opd": "Peculiar patterns of food handling", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Sleep disorders and eating disorders", "id": "49bbd4a8-9116-41ba-a614-307550ecea66", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Child was seen taking off clothes while watching TV; he suddenly closes eyes for sometime and was lethargic after sometime. He had probably", "exp": "(C) Temporal lobe epilepsy# EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCES as a result of seizure, while less common, may be dramatic-fear, sadness, loneliness, anger, happiness, and sexual excitement have all been recorded.> Fear and anxiety are the most common affective experiences, while occasionally the patient describes a feeling of rage or intense anger as part of a complex partial seizure.> Ictal fear has no apparent connection to objective experience and is generally not related to the situation in which the patient finds himself during the seizure.> Each of these subjective psychic states may constitute the entire seizure or some combination may occur and immediately precedes a period of altered awareness.", "cop": 3, "opa": "GTCS", "opb": "Absence seizures", "opc": "Temporal lobe epilepsy", "opd": "febrile seizures", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "cc4c4716-35f6-4dec-98b6-b967596233d3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug of choice for OCD", "exp": "A i.e. Fluoxitine", "cop": 1, "opa": "Fluoxetine", "opb": "Imipramine", "opc": "Diazepam", "opd": "Haloperidol", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "16aab7ee-a5ff-4d43-8b73-8384f0ccf617", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Lamotrigine and topiramate can be used for", "exp": "lithium is used for EUPHORIC MANIA Valproate is used for RAPID CYCLING lamotrigine is used for BIPOLAR DEPRESSION carbamazepine causes STEVEN JOHNSONS SYNDROME topiramate causes WEIGHT LOSS AND RENAL STONES etc are used apa from lithium for bipolar disorder Ref: Essentials of postgraduate psychiatry By JN Vyas 1st ed Pg 620", "cop": 3, "opa": "Depression", "opb": "OCD", "opc": "Bipolar disorder", "opd": "Mania", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood disorders", "id": "5f6b1b5f-c305-4031-9cff-880c6bfb93b8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Pavlov's experiment is an example of", "exp": "IVAN Pavlov gave the theory of classical conditioning Theory of classical conditioning leads to phobia A child who was bullied in a playground------------- develops aversion to the playground the boy who bullied him----------------------------after sometime even without the boy who bullied him the aversion and anxiety gets conditioned to the playground----------------this would be very distressing to the individual--- he will sta avoiding the situation( playground)------- he finds there is no anxiety on avoidance--------- He continues to avoid the situation as avoidance behavior acts as a negative reinforcement---- slowly after several years he presents with dysfunction (lack of extracurricular activities) Ref.Kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 398", "cop": 2, "opa": "Operant conditioning", "opb": "Classical conditioning", "opc": "Learned helplessness", "opd": "Modeling", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Treatment in psychiatry", "id": "bb23eb30-873e-4b8d-a605-c9528110f3fd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Dialectical behavior therapy is used in the management of", "exp": "Dialectical behavior therapy, Transference based therapy, Mentalization therapy are used in the management of Borderline personality disorder.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Narcissistic PD", "opb": "Borderline PD", "opc": "Anti Social PD", "opd": "Anankastic PD", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "5dc3bc9d-a42a-4571-8d43-5c9a82a99e16", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The treatment of Acute Manic Episodes is", "exp": "Lithium", "cop": 2, "opa": "ECT", "opb": "ECT", "opc": "Diazepam", "opd": "Sodium valproate", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "0d0d6c5f-a781-487b-801f-2ab4357e74cc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The main metabolite of nicotine is", "exp": "Nicotine is metabolized in liver, lung and brain to cotinine by CYP2A6 enzyme. A plasma cotinine levels of >14ng/ml typically indicates smoking.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Nornicotine", "opb": "Carboxynicotine", "opc": "Cotinine", "opd": "Nicotine hydroxide", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance Related and Addictive Disorders", "id": "5198e926-2aaa-4244-8d0c-279d075b6d9a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "omission was given by", "exp": "Behavioral therapy is learning given by BF Skinner , according to him all behaviors are learned phenomenon and thus can be unlearned Positive reinforcement a type of reinforcement when a behavior is rewarded there is more chance that the behavior is repeated Negative reinforcement is that when a behavior is done and an aversive response is removed, the behavior is repeated. When I go and meet my girlfriend, she checks my messages and picks up fight (aversive response) suddenly I delete all messages one day and that day there was no fight (no aversive response) then that behavior is repeated (delete all messages before meeting my girlfriend) Extinction is the type of reinforcement where a behavior is done and a rewarding response is removed the chance is that behavior will not be repeated A child likes to play with children( reward) but when the child fights with other children( undesirable behavior) the child will be removed from playing( removing a reward) , then the child stops fighting with other children( reduction of undesirable behaviour) Ref. kaplon and sadock synopsis, 11 th edition, pg no. 845", "cop": 3, "opa": "wernicke", "opb": "alois alzeimer", "opc": "skinner", "opd": "pruisner", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Treatment in psychiatry", "id": "00cc0fca-7bb6-44e4-a2af-4cbd87a6e5eb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Schizophrenia with early onset and poor prognosis is", "exp": "B i.e. Hebephrenic", "cop": 2, "opa": "Catatonic", "opb": "Hebephrenic", "opc": "Paranoid", "opd": "Schizoaffective", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "3a3bb503-ffee-48dc-b6e7-e962b7ff4af7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Schizophrenia word means", "exp": "Eugen Bleuler (1911), while renaming dementia praecox as schizophrenia (meaning mental splitting), recognised that this disorder did not always have a poor prognosis as described by Kraepelin. He also recognised that schizophrenia consisted of a group of disorders rather than being a distinct entity. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 54", "cop": 1, "opa": "Split mind", "opb": "Split mood", "opc": "Split thoughts", "opd": "Split associations", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders", "id": "e1664417-5fbd-432b-83ef-74500ed789e4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Otto Veraguth sign is seen in", "exp": "verguath fold is a prominent fold that is present in the medial side of nasal bridge, mainly seen in DEPRESSION Reference: Kaplon and sadock, 11 th edition, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 348", "cop": 4, "opa": "Mania", "opb": "OCD", "opc": "Anxiety", "opd": "Depression", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "038dd20a-e3d4-4aab-8e1f-69f2a2b8fa43", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Leaden paralysis is seen in", "exp": "Leaden paralysis is extreme heaviness in arms & legs and patient will be lying like a \"log of wood\", seen in Atypical depression.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Severe depression", "opb": "Melancholic depression", "opc": "Atypical depression", "opd": "Narcolepsy", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "3eef5a1d-9fb5-4238-8265-b72cd2ecb57c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In depression, there is a deficiency in", "exp": "SEROTONIN is produced from TRYPTOPHAN it is a neuro transmitter that controls the well being of the individual it controls drive to day to day activities, controls sleep and appetite. TRPTOPHAN helps in production of MELATONIN MELATONIN controls SLEEP A decreased level of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) has been theorized to be a factor in depression. The theory arose from clinical observations that drugs enhancing extracellular levels of 5-HT have antidepressant effects in many patients. Reference: Kaplon and sadock, 11 th edition, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 752", "cop": 1, "opa": "5-HT", "opb": "Ach", "opc": "Dopamine", "opd": "GABA", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "1955f988-e6ad-4ce1-bbd7-42b84824adc1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug used for cocaine withdrawal symptoms is", "exp": "Cocaine use produces a very mild physical, but a very strong psychological dependence. The management of underlying (or co-existent) psychopathology is probably the most impoant step in the management of chronic cocaine use. Ref: Sho textbook of Psychiatry by Niraj Ahuja, 7th edition, page 48.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Fluoxetine", "opb": "Lorazepam", "opc": "Phenobarbital", "opd": "No drug needed", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance abuse", "id": "875fe154-b02c-475f-9dd5-a3b7ad0af3c4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In Direct ECT, the intraocular tension is", "exp": "B i.e. Decreased", "cop": 2, "opa": "Increased", "opb": "Decreased", "opc": "No change", "opd": "Variable", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "916a1ded-01a1-4930-ad76-4aef1bfe955d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Markedly inappropriate sensitivity and suspiciousness are clinical features of", "exp": "Ans:D-Paranoid Paranoid personality disorder (PPD) is a type of eccentric personality disorderAn individual with paranoid personality behavior is very suspicious of other people. They mistrust the motives of others and believe that others want to harm themSymptoms include:believing that others have hidden motives or are out to harm themdoubting the loyalty of othersbeing hypersensitive to criticismhaving trouble working with othersbeing quick to become angry and hostilebecoming detached or socially isolatedbeing argumentative and defensivehaving trouble seeing their own problemshaving trouble relaxing", "cop": 4, "opa": "Antisocial", "opb": "Histrionic", "opc": "Schizoid", "opd": "Paranoid", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "1a7c31c1-1b13-4d58-9a7e-6deb5614541c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Schizophrenia is characterised by A/E", "exp": "D i.e. Altered Sensorium", "cop": 4, "opa": "Formal thought disorder", "opb": "Delusion of reference", "opc": "Waxy flexibility", "opd": "Altered sensorium", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "275beb99-125f-4a1d-98d0-557ba889b792", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Lithium", "exp": "Depression", "cop": 4, "opa": "Delirium", "opb": "Dementia", "opc": "Schizophrenia", "opd": "Depression", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "5ecfd74b-e3ff-4881-a7c3-686f058dc7b8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Morbid jealousy is associated with", "exp": "* JEALOUS TYPE of delusional disorder o ALSO KNOWN AS Conjugal paranoia * Othello syndrome * Marked jealousy * Pathological jealousy * Morbid jealousy o It is more common among alcoholic males ,the possible explanation that is given is alcoholic males have sexual dysfunction and that these women may sta suspecting their spouses. REf.Kaplon and Sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg No.330", "cop": 1, "opa": "alcohol", "opb": "heroun", "opc": "cannabis", "opd": "LSD", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders", "id": "343df3e0-8b3d-440e-acd4-0df50174dcac", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Incidence of hyperprolactinemia is highest with", "exp": "Tubero infundibular To hypothalamus Regulates prolactin Dopamine decreases prolactin Galactorrhea Amenorrhea Sexual dysfunctions the maine side effects of antipsychotic depends on the site of blockage of dopaine when the dopamine is blocked in tuberoinfundibular pathway there is result of Hyperprolactinemia increased prolactin, which presents as galactorrhea, amenorrhea and sexual dysfunction. -endocrinal side effects are high with risperidone and amisulpride. Overall least EPS -Clozapine Least EPS among typical antipsychotics-thioridazine Ref: Essentials of postgraduate psychiatry By JN Vyas 1st ed Pg: 410-412", "cop": 4, "opa": "Aripiprazole", "opb": "Olanzapine", "opc": "Clozapine", "opd": "Risperidone", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders", "id": "9a5e7761-8e68-46d5-864c-5fcd16a9d6c6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Type D personality has been recently found to be a risk factor for", "exp": "The distressed personality (Type D) is an emerging risk factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD) that incurs a risk on par with left ventricular dysfunction in patients with ischemic hea disease. Type D is defined as the co-occurring tendencies to experience increased negative emotions and to inhibit self-expression in social interactions. Evidence is accumulating that Type D may also be a risk factor for adverse outcome across CVD patient groups, including patients undergoing revascularization with drug-eluting stent implantation or bypass surgery, patients with hea failure, peripheral aerial disease, and arrhythmia. In these patient groups, Type D personality has been associated with a 2-5 fold increased risk of adverse prognosis, impaired quality of life and symptoms of anxiety and depression independent of traditional biomedical risk factors, including disease severity. Ref: Susanne S. Pedersen, Johan Denollet. Is Type D personality here to stay? Emerging evidence across cardiovascular disease patient groups. Current cardiology reviews. Vol 2, Issue 3, 2006.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Coronary aery disease", "opb": "Depression", "opc": "Personality disorder", "opd": "Schizophrenia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Personality disorders", "id": "17719f50-803f-41ca-9785-f5221ebe0702", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Absolute contraindication to ECT is", "exp": "CONTRA INDICATIONS * NO ABSOLUTE Contra indication RELATIVE CONTRAINDICATION -----------------Brain tumour with midline shift / arrythmia Ref.Kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 1065", "cop": 2, "opa": "Glaucoma", "opb": "Brain tumor", "opc": "Aoic aneurysm", "opd": "MI", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Treatment in psychiatry", "id": "bf768052-9281-46ea-86c2-854a9f0a0867", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Ambivalence is most commonly associated with", "exp": "Eugen Bleuler's Fundamental Symptoms of Schizophrenia (Also called as 4 A's of Bleuler) 1. Ambivalence: Marked inability to decide for or against2. Autism: Withdrawal into self3. Affect disturbances: Disturbances of affect such as inappropriate affect4. Association disturbances: Loosening of associations; thought disorder Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no.55", "cop": 3, "opa": "Depression", "opb": "Generalized anxiety disorder", "opc": "Schizophrenia", "opd": "OCD", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Symptoms and signs in psychiatry and classification", "id": "7c5627d9-f3b6-44ed-88b2-afd8d3a125e4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Hypochondriasis is", "exp": "D i.e. Abnormal preoccupation with normal body functionHypochondriasis is persistent preoccupation with fear or belief of having serious disease based on person's own interpretation of normal body function ie Hypochondriasis is abnormal preoccupation about normal body functionQ.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Normal pre occupation with abnormal body functionL", "opb": "Abnormal pre occupation with abnormal body function", "opc": "Normal pre occupation with normal body function", "opd": "Abnormal preoccupation with normal body function", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "052045c7-0044-4d36-91ca-e0731bd2a412", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Memory disturbance of ECT recovers in", "exp": "B i.e. Few weeks to few months", "cop": 2, "opa": "Few days to few weeks", "opb": "Few weeks to few months", "opc": "Few months to few year", "opd": "Permanent", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "5a73666f-8809-4e3f-83f2-551cae56f294", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug of choice for cheese reaction", "exp": "Cheese reaction occurs when cheese,red wine or beer is consumed along with MAO - A inhibitors as they inhibits metabolism of tyramine present in these items.\nIncrease tyramine levels can rlevate blood pressure of cause hypertensive crisis which is treated by Phentolamine that blocks alpha1 and alpha2 receptors.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Amitryptaline", "opb": "Dantrolene sodium", "opc": "Phentolamine", "opd": "Yohimbine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "0aaf78a7-75e3-4e5e-9f3c-74d743b619f3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In depression, there is deficiency of", "exp": "The Karolinska Institute in Sweden first noted that low concentrations of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were associated with suicidal behavior. CSF, neurochemical, and receptor studies suppo the hypothesis that reduced central serotonin is associated with suicide. Reference: Synopsis of Psychiatry, pages 766,767.", "cop": 1, "opa": "5-HT", "opb": "Acetylcholine", "opc": "Dopamine", "opd": "GABA", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood disorders", "id": "d72728ad-3f45-49d4-82aa-046e5075738e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Amotivational syndrome is seen in", "exp": "Amotivational syndrome: Chronic cannabis use is postulated to cause lethargy, apathy, loss of interest, anergia, reduced drive and lack of ambition. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no.46", "cop": 1, "opa": "Cannabis", "opb": "Cocaine", "opc": "Amphetamine", "opd": "LSD", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance abuse", "id": "ee1a0d15-ee30-4037-a0e5-eeb75ae71437", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Coical blindness with confabulation is seen in", "exp": "-Anton syndrome is characterized by coical blindness and confabulation (unconscious filling of gaps in memory by imagining events). The patient denies loss of vision (known as visual anosognosia) and defends it by confabulation even when there is obvious evidence of visual loss and coical blindness.-It is due to occipital lobe damage, in addition to which, other coical centers are also affected contributing to this peculiar behaviour.-Korsakoff syndrome is characterized by predominant anterograde amnesia and some retrograde amnesia. Confabulation is present in order to cover the memory deficit.-Wernicke's encephalopathy is characterized by confusion, ophthalmoplegia, and ataxia.-Psychogenic amnesia does not present with confabulation.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Wernicke's Encephalopathy", "opb": "Anton syndrome", "opc": "Psychogenic amnesia", "opd": "Korsakoff syndrome", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "36aae69d-0be2-4584-8088-7d75b682fe43", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Early onset and bag prognosis is seen in", "exp": "B i.e. Hebephrenic", "cop": 2, "opa": "Catatonic", "opb": "Hebephrenic", "opc": "Paranoid", "opd": "Schizo affective", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "73e301af-e37c-4a4e-ae95-d58599bb82ca", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Lithium is used in", "exp": "lithium was introduced by JOHN F CADE it is used in treatment of MANIA it is a liver friendly drug it has to be used in caution with people with deranged renal parameters if the patient is on lithium, he should be warned about of intake of other meds like NSAIDS, ACE inhibitors , as it may result in toxicity if a patient develops lithium toxicity, the TREATMENT OF CHOICE IS HEMODIALYSIS Until recently, lithium carbonate was the universally preferred treatment for bipolar disorder, especially in the manic phase. With the approval of valproate, aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone for this indication, a smaller percentage of bipolar patients now receive lithium. Other Applications of lithium Recurrent endogenous depression Schizoaffective disorder, Lithium alone is rarely successful in treating schizophrenia, but adding it to an antipsychotic may salvage an otherwise treatment-resistant patient. As an adjunct to tricyclic antidepressants and SSRIs in patients with unipolar depression who do not respond fully to monotherapy with the antidepressant. Reference : Katzung 12e pg: 516", "cop": 1, "opa": "Bipolar disorder", "opb": "Dythymia", "opc": "Anxiety neurosis", "opd": "OCD", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "0a1c603d-f0dd-41f6-b8d5-98fe6c08fe57", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Test based on the principle of suspect's reaction, if he witnesses an event then he behaves in a ceain way is", "exp": "* Narcoanalysis is a test carried out on a patient or suspect when he/she, after administering truth serum, comes in a sleep like state, and his/her repressed feelings are released. * Truth serum are drugs used in narcoanalysis. Two most common drugs used in narcoanalysis are Sodium amytal, which is also known as amobarbital or amylobarbition, and Sodium Pentothal commonly known as thiopental or thiopentone * Polygraph measures and records physiological actions of human body especially autonomic nervous system while the subject is asked questions relating to the crime and he answers them. * It is based on the principle that autonomic nervous system changes are beyond reasonable control of an individual and hence autonomic nervous system response changes transpires when the subject tries to tell a lie. * Brain mapping measures the P300 evoked potential. In this test the suspect is made to sit in evoked potential recording machine and is shown objects relating to crime scene or is made to hear sounds peaining to crime site. The sensors from his head pick the event related potentials in the form of Brain Mapping only if the person has been at the site of crime. The accuracy of Brain Mapping is almost 100%.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Truth serum testing", "opb": "Narcoanalysis", "opc": "Polygraph", "opd": "Brain mapping", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Personality disorders", "id": "1b8e64f8-bbec-496b-8460-3359bd24d326", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Angel dust denotes", "exp": "Hallucinogens * ALSO CALLED AS Psychotomimetic/ Psychedelic * FIRST Man made HALLICINOGEN ==================== Albe Hoffman * MECHANISM OF ACTION Lysergic acid diethylamide=======serotonin * Introduced by Albe Hoffmann and he himself experienced its effects * Phencyclidine =======NMDA antagonist * Also known as angel dust * Related to ketamine=== dissociative anesthetic * Has anti-suicidal propey Reference:kaplon and Sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition , pg no.649", "cop": 4, "opa": "flunitrazepam", "opb": ".LSD", "opc": "toluene", "opd": "phencyclidine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Symptoms and signs in psychiatry and classification", "id": "c0f7b4de-0d1d-4d6b-b250-1d87147f3378", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Biological Amnesia is", "exp": "Thiamine deficiency, hypoglycemia, hypoxia (including carbon monoxide poisoning), and herpes simplex encephalitis all have a predilection to damage the temporal lobes, paicularly the hippocampi, and thus can be associated with the development of amnestic disorders. The below image show major causes of amnestic disorders. Reference: Kaplan and Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry, 11th edition, page 719.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Presenile Dementia", "opb": "Lack of interest", "opc": "Opioid drug addiction", "opd": "Hypothyroidism", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Organic mental disorders", "id": "9c21f918-9083-4896-95fb-4f40f6ae0b0f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The term schizophrenia means", "exp": "the term SCHOZPHRENIA means SPLIT MIND this was given by Eugene Bleuler it means that there is a split in the components of the mind the split is between the thoughts, cognition and behavior. Reference: Kaplon and sadock, 11 th edition, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 301", "cop": 3, "opa": "Free mind", "opb": "Euphoric mind", "opc": "Split mind", "opd": "Confused mind", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "ebc05d6b-24de-4a60-a2a1-f1081224987e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug used for narcoanalysis is", "exp": "Narcoanalysis is therapy is used in the management of dissociation. Here the patient is taken to the semiconscious stage with the help of amobarbitol and diazepam and unconscious conflict is brought into the conscious and relieved from distress. * Ref.Kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 945", "cop": 2, "opa": "Atropine", "opb": "Scopolamine", "opc": "Propranolol", "opd": "Naltrexone", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Treatment in psychiatry", "id": "4499c6c7-021f-4eeb-ad0b-eee1e747585b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Mild mental retardation is characterized by", "exp": "Normal : 90 - 109.\nBorerline : 70 - 89.\nMild : 50 - 69.\nModerate : 35 - 49.\nSevere : 20 - 34.", "cop": 3, "opa": "IQ : 90 - 109", "opb": "IQ : 70 - 89", "opc": "IQ : 50 - 69", "opd": "IQ : 35 - 49", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "15bed36b-6c4b-4b06-a187-0f599d4e7175", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A victim of Tsunami has difficulty in overcoming the experience. She still recollects the happening in dreams and thoughts. The most likely diagnosis is", "exp": "PTSD is characterised by recurrent and intrusive recollections of the stressful event, either in flashbacks (images, thoughts, or perceptions) and/or in dreams. There is an associated sense of re-experiencing of the stressful event. There is marked avoidance of the events or situations that arouse recollections of the stressful event, along with marked symptoms of anxiety and increased arousal. The other impoant clinical features of PTSD include paial amnesia for some aspects of the stressful event, feeling of numbness, and anhedonia (inability to experience pleasure). Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 112", "cop": 1, "opa": "Post traumatic stress disorder", "opb": "Conversion disorder", "opc": "Panic disorder", "opd": "Phobia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Anxiety disorders stress disorders and grief", "id": "8dc0e2f2-b982-457b-a5eb-512c51653fb5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Theory of Pshycosexual development was given by", "exp": "Freud", "cop": 1, "opa": "Freud", "opb": "Piaget", "opc": "Skinner", "opd": "Kaplan", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "7010674d-e315-4495-942e-0881c280dd18", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Dysthymia is", "exp": "Persistent mood disorders are characterised by persistent mood symptoms which last for more than 2 years but are not severe enough to be labelled as even hypomania or mild depressive episode. If the symptom consists of persistent mild depression, the disorder is called as dysthymia (Ref: A sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja,7th edition, pg no73)", "cop": 1, "opa": "Chronic mild depression", "opb": "Chronic severe depression", "opc": "Bipolar disorder", "opd": "Personality disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Mood disorders", "id": "12bebc24-81b9-4ffc-a1ae-d3059efd03a4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A father forced his relictant son to bring a glass of water and the child dropped the glass on the way. This is an example of", "exp": "Passive aggression is an immature defense mechanism where a person indirectly expresses anger towards others.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Reaction formation", "opb": "Denial", "opc": "Passive aggression", "opd": "Acting out", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "37fe1e93-be97-41aa-837e-392ad0809b2d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common complication of electroconvulsive therapy is", "exp": "Electroconvulsive therapyCentral Nervous System Effects: Headache, confusion, and delirium sholy after the seizure while the patient is coming out of anaesthesia. Memory: memory impairment is seen in 75% following ECT. Except for retrograde memory impairment, other cognitive effects generally return to pre-ECT baseline or even improve over baseline with right unilateral ECT.Other Adverse Effects: Fractures, nausea, vomitingRef: P.3300 31.34a Electroconvulsive Therapy(Kaplan & Sadock&;s Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th Ed)", "cop": 2, "opa": "Antegrade amnesia", "opb": "Retrograde amnesia", "opc": "Depression", "opd": "Cognitive defects", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "a87a1e31-f0a8-4e89-b8bc-4be3a3bd14b5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In an alcoholic man, Blackout is seen in", "exp": "Acute Intoxication After a brief period of excitation, there is a generalised central nervous system depression with alcohol use. With increasing intoxication, there is increased reaction time, slowed thinking, distractibility and poor motor control. Later, dysahria, ataxia and incoordination can occur. There is a progressive loss of self-control with frank disinhibited behaviour. The duration of intoxication depends on the amount and the rapidity of ingestion of alcohol. With blood alcohol levels of 300-450 mg%, increasing drowsiness followed by coma and respiratory depression develop. Death occurs with blood alcohol levels between 400 to 800 mg%. Occasionally a small dose of alcohol may produce acute intoxication in some persons. This is known as pathological intoxication. Another feature, sometimes seen in acute intoxication, is the development of amnesia or blackouts. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 37", "cop": 3, "opa": "Alcohol abstinence", "opb": "Hepatic encephalopathy", "opc": "Alcohol intoxication", "opd": "Alcohol withdrawal", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance abuse", "id": "34861471-59d7-4fa6-b422-9c19a27bb7f7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "\"Wet Pillow Syndrome\" is caused by", "exp": "Clozapine can lead to sialorrhea or hypersalivation which is also called as \"Wet pillow syndrome\".", "cop": 3, "opa": "Imipramine", "opb": "Bromocriptine", "opc": "Clozapine", "opd": "Amitryptaline", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "a8307aab-7e41-41fe-94c9-914dbf429a0d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The Term 'free association' was coined by", "exp": "Contributor: Freud, Sigmund (1856-1939) Coined the Term: Free association, Psychoanalysis, Psychodynamics, Oedipus complex, Electra complex, Penis envy, Primal scene, Ego defence mechanisms, Repression, Psychological determinism, Pleasure principle, Reality principle Special Mention: Founder of psychoanalysis; some of the significant contributions include interpretation of dreams, theory of infantile sexuality, structural and topographical model of mind, theory of instincts, psychopathology of everyday life and stages of psychosexual development Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no.243", "cop": 1, "opa": "Sigmund Freud", "opb": "Alfred Adler", "opc": "Eric Erikson", "opd": "Carl Jung", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Cognitive development and defence mechanism", "id": "64a5ee9d-ce5a-4992-83a4-24d9863eae21", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In Schizophrenia early onset with poor prognosis is seen in", "exp": "Ans.B i.e. HebephrenicHebephrenic (disorganized) schizophrenia - Dominated by prominent disorganization symptoms & negative symptoms.Early-onset & bad prognosis.Severe deterioration of personality (patient is not able to maintain hygiene, social interaction is inappropriate, odd behaviors are present).", "cop": 2, "opa": "Simple", "opb": "Hebephrenic", "opc": "Catatonic", "opd": "Paranoia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "8e4d0c2a-38a3-4a71-b904-900ec5e15bb2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Awareness of having a disease is", "exp": "Ans. a (Insight). (Ref. Psychiatry by Niraj Ahuja, 5th ed., 14, 41, 57, 72, 85, 95, 171)Term DefinitionPerseverationis persistent repetition of words beyond their relevance.Verbigerationis senseless repetition of same words or phrases.Delusionsare false unshakable belief in something that is not true.Insightis awareness of being diseased or sick.Insight is preserved in OCD.Insight is rated on six point scale from one to six:# Complete denial of illness# Slight awareness of being sick and need help, but denying# Awareness of being sick, but attributed to external/physical factors.# Awareness of being sick due to something unknown in itself.# Intellectual insight.# True emotional insight.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Insight", "opb": "Perseveration", "opc": "Delusion", "opd": "Incoherence", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "172853cc-506a-4da4-bef0-9295fa1fa79d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Side effect of SSRI", "exp": "SIDE EFFECTS Paradoxical SUICIDE, this is a type of suicide where an antidepressant used to treat depression and decrease suicide increase the chance of suicidal attempt ( IT'S A PARADOX). The explanation that is given is SSRI initially activates the patient and decreases fatigue, thus patients with low mood and suicidal ideas will have more energy to act on the ideas. GIT- loose stools and ulcer thus it should not be given in an empty stomach SD- delays ejaculation. This mechanism is used for its prescription in patients with premature ejaculation ANXIETY WEIGHT GAIN INSOMNIA Ref.Kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 1013", "cop": 3, "opa": "Nausea", "opb": "Diarrhoea", "opc": "Weight gain", "opd": "Rash", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Pharmacotherapy in psychiatry", "id": "f515f84a-aba9-408c-ae16-bff3b22f53a4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Microcephaly is seen in", "exp": "3'M' s of Rett's disease :\n\nMahila (F > M).\nMicrocephaly.\nMECP2.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Autistic disorder", "opb": "Heller's disease", "opc": "Rett's disease", "opd": "Asperger's syndrome", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "aa24a3ad-1334-44d0-b5e9-3716705e1e2b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A young lady was admitted after taking overdose of diazepam after broken affair. She has history of slitting her wrist previously. Most likely diagnosis is", "exp": "C i.e. Border line Personality disorderIn Personality disorders - that onset can be traced back atleast to adolescence or early adulthood; the behaviour detes markedly from the expectations of individual culture, is inflexible & pervasiveQ across a broad range of personal & social situations.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Narcisstic Personality Disorder", "opb": "Dependent P.D.", "opc": "Borderline P.D.", "opd": "Histirionic P.D.", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "53120d70-ce6e-430e-a6a5-7ae80369a097", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Differentiation of hysterical fit from epileptic fit", "exp": "Clinical Features Epileptic Seizures Dissociative Convulsions (Hysterical Fits) 1. Attack pattern Stereotyped, known clinical patterns Absence of any established clinical pattern. Purposive body movements occur 2. Place of occurrence Anywhere Usually indoors or at safe places 3. Warning Both prodrome and aura are stereotyped Variable 4. Time of day Anytime. Can occur during sleep Never occur during sleep 5. Tongue bite Usually present Usually absent. Cheek and lip bite may be present 6. Incontinence of urine and faeces Can occur Very rare 7. Injury Can occur Very rare. If occurs, it is minor or may be accidental 8. Speech No verbalisation during the seizure Verbalisation may occur during the fit 9. Duration Usually about 30-70 sec. (Sho) 20-800 sec. (Prolonged) 10. Head-turning Unilateral Side to side turning 11. Eye gaze Staring, if eyes are open Avoidant gaze 12. Amnesia Complete Paial 13. Neurological signs Present, e.g. up-going plantars Absent 14. Post-ictal confusion Present Absent 15. Stress Present in 25% Present much more often 16. EEG - Inter-ictal - Ictal Usually abnormal; Abnormal Usually normal Normal 17. Serum prolactin Increased in post-ictal period (15-20 minutes after seizure; returns back to normal in 1 hour) Usually normal Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 101", "cop": 4, "opa": "Occurs in sleep", "opb": "Injuries to person", "opc": "Incontinence", "opd": "Occurs when people are watching", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Somatoform disorders", "id": "fc2b0ae2-099b-42b7-8b3e-a67783e951cd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Impaired insight is evident in", "exp": "D i.e. Schizophrenia", "cop": 4, "opa": "Psychosomatic disorder", "opb": "Anxiety neurosis", "opc": "Post Traumatic Stress Disorder", "opd": "Schizophrenia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "f5b7cadf-f7ea-4fb9-922e-c1ee643c37d4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "NOT a paranoid symptom", "exp": "(B) Delusion of infidelity# SUBTYPES SCHIZOPHRENIA SYMPTOMS:# PARANOID> Delusions of persecution or grandeur. Often accompanied by hallucinations (voices)> Older onset than other types with less regression of mental faculties and emotional response# CATATONIC> Complete stupor or pronounced decrease in spontaneous movements May be mute, Often negativism, echopraxia, automatic obedience, Rigidity of posture, can be left standing or sitting in awkward positions for long periods of time, Brief outbursts of violence without provocation, Waxy flexibility> Alternatively, can be excited and evidence extreme motor agitation Incoherent and often violent or destructive In their excitement, can hurt themselves, or collapse in exhausstion, Repetitious, stereotyped behaviors# DISORGANIZED: Incoherent, primitive, uninhibited, Unorganized behaviors and speech , Active, but aimless, Poor personal appearance , Little contact with reality, Pronounced thought disorder, Explosive laughter, Silliness, Incongruous grinning# UNDIFFERENTIATED: Psychotic symptoms. Does not fit disorganized diagnoses or catatonic, paranoid# RESIDUAL: Previous episode, but no prominent psychotic symptoms at evaluation. Some lingering negative symptoms# Othello syndrome is delusion of infidelity of a spouse or partner.> Othello syndrome affects males and, less common in females and is characterized by recurrent accusations of infidelity, searcnes for evidence, repeated interrogation of the partner, tests of their partner's fidelity, and sometime stalking.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Delusion of persecution", "opb": "Delusion of infidelity", "opc": "Delusion of grandeur", "opd": "Thought alienation", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "e5dea343-5b02-4089-a7f5-30f9096c6f03", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Repetitive hand washing is a symptom of", "exp": "Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by recurrent, irresistible, intrusive, irrelevant and EGO DYSTONIC thoughts. They present with CONTAMINATION OBSESSIONS- WASHING COMPULSIONS PATHOLOGICAL DOUBT OBSESSIONS- CHECKING COMPULSIONS Patients may present with repeated doubts of wheather they have locked the door or vehicles and to counter those obsessions they do repeated checking compulsions Sometimes they may present with obsessions of contamination and fear of di and to counter those obsessions they may present with washing compulsions. Ref- Table 10.1-4, Synopsis of psychiatry, 11e, pg 423.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Post traumatic stress disorder", "opb": "Depression", "opc": "Anorexia nervosa", "opd": "Obsessive compulsive disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Personality disorders", "id": "a231329b-2741-4487-bd27-9fa5f99bdbf9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "NOT seen in Narcolepsy", "exp": "(C) Catalepsy # CATAPLEXY is present not catalepsy.> The classic symptoms of the disorder, often referred to as the \"tetrad of narcolepsy,\" are cataplexy, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations, and excessive daytime sleepiness.> Night-time sleep may be fragmented with frequent awakenings.> A second prominent symptom of narcolepsy is abnormal REM sleep.> Narcoleptics are unique in that they enter into the REM phase of sleep in the beginnings of sleep, even when sleeping during the day.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Sleep paralysis", "opb": "Ataxia", "opc": "Catalepsy", "opd": "Abnormal REM sleep", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "3bb757c3-af41-4da4-96b1-c2df5e2b7a12", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Least Extrapyrimidal S/E are seen in", "exp": "C i.e. Clozapine", "cop": 3, "opa": "Halo peridol", "opb": "Thioridazine", "opc": "Clozapine", "opd": "CPZ", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "68c22768-75e1-4115-aa5c-707530929dd1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Alcoholic blackouts are seen at levels of alcohol in blood", "exp": "Acute Alcohol Intoxication:\n\n\n\nBlood Alcohol concentration\nSymptoms\n\n\n20 - 30 mg / dL\nDecreased concentration decreased motor performance\n\n\n30 - 80 mg/dL\nSigns of intoxication appears, worsening of motor symptoms and thinking ability.\n\n\n80 - 200 mg /dL\nIncordination\n\n\n200 - 300 mg / dL\nAlcohol blackout\n\t\t\t(Anterograde Amnesia)\n\n\n> 300 mg / dL\nComa & Death.", "cop": 3, "opa": "20-30 mg/dL", "opb": "80-200 mg/dL", "opc": "200 - 300 mg/dL", "opd": "> 300 mg/dL", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "08b230d7-bb26-4025-8b18-099ce3cfe9fb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Hangover following alcohol consumption can be treated with", "exp": "The most common withdrawal syndrome with alcohol is a hangover on the next morning.In patients suffering from (or likely to suffer from) delirium tremens, peripheral neuropathy, WernickeKorsakoff syndrome, and/or with other signs of vitamin B deficiency (especially thiamine and nicotinic acid), a preparation of vitamin B containing 100 mg of thiamine (vitamin B1) should be administered parenterally, twice everyday for 3-5 days. This should be followed by oral administration of vitamin B1 for at least 6 months. Reference: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry by Niraj Ahuja page no. 37, 40.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Pyridoxine", "opb": "Thiamine", "opc": "Riboflavin", "opd": "Niacin", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance abuse", "id": "159d6b03-ff3d-4bce-9f8f-85b50428ca8b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In alcohol withdrawl drug of choice is", "exp": "B i.e. Chlordiazepoxide", "cop": 2, "opa": "Benzodiazepine", "opb": "Chlordiazepoxide", "opc": "Lithium", "opd": "Haloperidol", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "483808e8-3ac7-4156-8640-4f921171762b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Suicide tendency are common in", "exp": "B. (Depression) (236- 37 - Neeraj Ahuja 6th)SUICIDE is a type of deliberate self harm (DSH) and is defined as a human act of self - intentioned and self inflicted cessation (death) It ends with a fatal out comeRISK FACTORS FOR SUICIDE1. Age > 40 years2. Male sex3. Staying single4. Preveious suicidal attempts5. Depression (risk about 25 times more than usual)i. Presence of guilt, self - accusation agitation, nihilistic ideation, worthlessness, hypochondriacal delusions and severe insomniaii. More at the beginning or towards the end of a depressive episodes6. Suicidal preoccupation (eg a \"suicide note\" is written or detailed plans are made for committing suicide)7. Alcohol or drug dependence8. Severe disabling, painful or untreatable physical illness9. Recent serious-loss or major stressful life event10. Social isolation", "cop": 2, "opa": "Mania", "opb": "Depression", "opc": "Schizophrenia", "opd": "Obsessive compulsive disorder", "subject_name": "Medicine", "topic_name": "Psychiatry", "id": "2f79e6c4-8168-47d2-abcb-ed12189f0641", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Fear to contamination, counting behaviours, and having to check and recheck are features characteristic of", "exp": "An obsession is defined as an idea impulse or image which intrudes into the conscious awareness repeatedly, it is recognised as irrational and absurd, the patient tries to resist against it but is unable to, failure to resist leads to marked distress. An obsession is usually associated with compulsion and a compulsion is defined as a form of behaviour which usually follows obsession, the behaviour is not realistic and is either irrational or excessive. Compulsion may diminish the anxiety associated with obsession (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th edition, pg no.95)", "cop": 3, "opa": "Panic attacks", "opb": "Agoraphobia", "opc": "Obsessive-compulsive disorder", "opd": "Generalized anxiety disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Anxiety disorders stress disorders and grief", "id": "5c8be269-ac4f-4e4f-b387-4302583b5811", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The term 'id' was coined by", "exp": "In 1923, in 'The Ego and The Id', Freud divided the mental apparatus into three dynamic structures: the id, the ego and the super-egoThe IdThe id is theorised to be the original state of human mental apparatus with which a newborn baby is born. It is totally unconscious, containing the basic drives and instincts concerned with survival, sexual drive and aggression. It is characterised by primary process thinking and is based on the pleasure principle, lacking any direct link with reality. The only urge of these drives is immediate gratification. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no.206", "cop": 1, "opa": "Freud", "opb": "Skinner", "opc": "Wayker", "opd": "Blueler", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Cognitive development and defence mechanism", "id": "5cef000f-78a4-4d29-9a50-4fc2a5ecbc27", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Ebstein's anomaly is caused by", "exp": "(A) Lithium # Environmental factors found in studies include maternal exposure to benzodiazepines.> Maternal lithium therapy can rarely lead to Ebstein's anomaly in the baby.> About 10% of cases are associated with chronic maternal lithium use.> About 20% of patients with Ebstein's anomaly have accessory electrical tissue which can cause episodes of heart racing, a condition known as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW).> Unusual and rare cyanotic congenital heart disease with diminished pulmonary blood flow results from an abnormality of the tricuspid valve.> Posterior as well as the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve is displaced downwards.> Result is an attachment to the posterior wall of the right ventricle.> In addition, the leaflets are malformed and fused resulting in obstruction to flow of blood into the right ventricle.> Portion of the right ventricle above the leaflet attachment thins out and is called atrialized right ventricle.> Right ventricular contraction is also abnormal.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Lithium", "opb": "Carbamazepine", "opc": "Imipramine", "opd": "Amphetamine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "4fe95018-7ff8-483d-a194-1677020b522a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "25 yr old gentleman has repeated thoughts that he has not locked his car door properly, frequently checks it while driving, he repeatedly checks locks in his house. Diagnosis", "exp": "Obsessive Compulsive Disorder : Obsession: recurrent and persistent thoughts that are involuntary unwanted, distressing and the individual tries to neutralize them by a thought or action (compulsion). Ex: Contamination(most common), Need for symmetry, Pathological doubt, Sexual compulsion: Act aimed to reduce the anxiety arising out of obsession but fails to do so. Ex: checking(most common), washing, counting, Hoarding, counting. obsession (a door is unlocked )leads to compulsion (checking ), which tries to relieve distress but fails and the obsession-compulsion cycle repeats leading to distress, time consumption. thoughts are one's own thoughts, it may be an idea/urge/image -behavior or mental behavior. M:F- 1:1 age of onset 20-25 years 2-3% prevalence in general population Comorbidity: major depressive disorder, delusional beliefs, overvalued ideas, personality disorder Etiology Psychoanalytical concept*-regression from the oedipal phase to the anal psychosexual phase. Anatomical- altered function in the connections between orbitofrontal coex, caudate, thalamus. Biochemical-*dysregulation of serotonin. Treatment : Pharmacotherapy-Selective serotonin Reuptake InhibitorsSSRI *(fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, seraline) Tricyclic antidepressants TCA(clomipramine) Behavior therapy*: Desensitization, thought stopping, flooding, implosion therapy, aversive conditioning Psychotherapy Surgical cingulotomy*, capsulotomy(e.g., subcaudate tractotomy,). Nonablative surgical techniques like Deep Brain Stimulation *of basal ganglia nuclei Reference: P.605 Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of psychiatry clinical Psychiatry, 10th Edition16.4", "cop": 1, "opa": "OCD", "opb": "OPCD", "opc": "Phobia", "opd": "Personality disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "977742e4-f01c-4324-a6a4-6e49a3990851", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A lady has very unstable relationship with her husband always threatening to suicide, in fact, she had some poison, diagnosis is", "exp": "The borderline type is characterised by emotional instability. In addition, patient's own self-image, aims, and internal preferences (including sexual) are often unclear or disturbed. There are usually chronic feelings of emptiness. A liability to become involved in intense and unstable relationships may cause repeated emotional crises and may be associated with excessive effos to avoid abandonment and a series of suicidal threats or acts of self-harm.The borderline type is also known as borderline personality disorder (DSM-IV-TR), the characteristic features of which include the following:1. Significant and persistent disturbance of identity of self, e.g. 'who am I'. There is marked unceainty about major issues in life.2. Unstable and intense interpersonal relationship patterns.3. Impulsivity.4. Unstable emotional responses, with rapid shifts. Anger outbursts may occur.5. Chronic feelings of boredom or emptiness with an inability to stay alone.6. Deliberate self-harm is common in the form of self-mutilation, suicidal gestures, or accident proneness. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 117", "cop": 1, "opa": "Bordreline personality disorder", "opb": "Depression", "opc": "Avoident personality disorder", "opd": "Histrionic personality disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Personality disorders", "id": "d0afa91b-8a4a-4a10-86ef-620bf1439689", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Formication is seen with", "exp": "Tactile hallucinations (formication), in clear consciousness, may sometimes occur in chronic amphetamine intoxication. Ref: Sho textbook of Psychiatry by Niraj Ahuja, 7th edition, page 49.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Acute amphetamine intoxication", "opb": "Chronic use of amphetamine", "opc": "Alcohol withdrawal", "opd": "Cannabis poisoning", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance abuse", "id": "4b904159-34b5-4987-a411-fca06973fa63", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Suicidal tendencies are least common in", "exp": "suicide is a psychiatric emergency there are several causes for suicide schneidmann was called as father of suicidology theories of suicide was given by Durkheim *Egoistic--------------not strongly integrated into any social group *Altruistic--------------their excessive integration into social group *Anomic--------------integration into society is disturbed *Fatalistic----------rules and regulations excessively regulate the individual.Eg.slaves, Variables Enhancing Risk of Suicide among Vulnerable Group Adolescence and late-life Family history of suicide Sexual abuse Male sex Impulsivity Severe psychiatric illness Borderline personality nonreligious status Suicide epidemics Divorced, separated Physical illness unemployment Early loss of parents Previous suicidal attempts Unmarried Ref: P.902 chap34.1 Suicide Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry, 10th Edition)", "cop": 4, "opa": "Alone", "opb": "Depression", "opc": "Male", "opd": "Married person", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "6d718bd5-694b-491f-8b5d-af86fdbf49ae", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Father of modern psychiatry is", "exp": "Ref: The \"father of modern psychiatry\". Phillippe Pinel's \"release from chains\" of 1973 and the beginning of the \"science of Psychiatry\". Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1994 Apr 15;119(15):566-9. Father of Indian Psychiatry: N N Wig", "cop": 3, "opa": "Eugen Bleuler", "opb": "Sigmund Freud", "opc": "Phillippe Pinel", "opd": "Emil Kraepelin", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Cognitive development and defence mechanism", "id": "bff3e359-d6a8-432e-ad21-c3ef58a44b83", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The most impoant feature of delirium", "exp": "The most conspicuous feature is a clouding of consciousness which ranges from mild dulling to deep coma delirium is a type of ORGANIC BRAIN SYNDROME it presents with clouding of consiousness the main cognitive function that is altered is attention impairment and disorientation the main hallucinations that presents in delirium is visual hallucinations the visual hallucinations sometimes presents lilliputian hallucinations, that is they can see small miniature animals and humans hitting them they have a phenomenon called as sun downing phenomenon, that is worsening of symptoms in the evening and night the delirium that is cahrecterstic of alcohol withdrawl is hyper active delirium it is also called as delirium tremens as it is assosiated with tremors.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Impaired judgement", "opb": "Anxiety", "opc": "Hyperactivity", "opd": "Clouding of consciousness", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "ea666d6a-3e2e-4473-87e2-babe817e411f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Schizophrenia with late onset and good prognosis", "exp": "C i.e. Catatonic SZP", "cop": 3, "opa": "Simple SZP", "opb": "Hebephrenic", "opc": "Catatonic SZP", "opd": "Paranoid SZP", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "0dbad58f-9402-425c-9091-713bce01213a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Negative symptoms of schizophrenia is", "exp": "(D) Avolition> Negative symptoms are so-named because they are considered to be the loss or absence of normal traits or abilities, and include features such as flat or blunted affect and emotion, poverty of speech (alogia), inability to experience pleasure (anhedonia), and lack of motivation (avolition).", "cop": 4, "opa": "Disorganised thought", "opb": "Thought block", "opc": "Delusions", "opd": "Avolition", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "86bec563-4683-401e-927c-eecb1b63f88c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A person aged 36 years is having firm belief that his wife is having affair. He often sits alone, muttering himself and hears voices commenting about him. He was absolutely normal 2 weeks before.\nMost likely diagnosis is", "exp": "The patient has paranoid delusion & hallucination, 2 out of 5 symptoms are present. But the complaints are from post 2 weeks. Hence, the diagnosis is Acute Psychosis not Schizophrenia (according to ICD - 10) symptoms should be present for atleast 1 month).", "cop": 3, "opa": "Schizophrenia", "opb": "Delusional disorder", "opc": "Acute psychosis", "opd": "Somatoform disorder", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "cebca6fe-0204-4082-8be1-4758f69c41e8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Specific θ waves are seen in", "exp": "θ waves are seen in both NREM 1 & REM.\nBut specific θ waves indicate hippocampal activity seen in REM phase of sleep.", "cop": 4, "opa": "NREM 1", "opb": "NREM 2", "opc": "NREM 3", "opd": "REM", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "5dc583e3-a1b6-4d4b-b0a5-7af7679e1f57", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug of choice for Restless leg syndrome", "exp": "Ropinirole which is a dopamine agonist is the drug of choice for Restless leg syndrome.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Febuxostat", "opb": "Diazepam", "opc": "Ropinirole", "opd": "Baclofen", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "287be8fe-d5d5-4094-911c-7256ff5949aa", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Detoxification treatment for alcohol intoxication is with", "exp": "treatment of alcohol dependence works under 2 steps namely detoxification and deaddiction detoxification is helping the patient acheive a smooth withdrawl deaddiction is a method that is used in alcohol detoxified patients thus helping them to prevent using substances in the future the drug which helps in alcohol withdrawl is benzodiazepines the choice of benzodiazepine is also impoant if the patients liver function test is within normal limits then it is better to choose CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE if the patients liver function test is deranged then it is wise to choose LORAZEPAM BZDs are drug of choice and they have to be given ideally for 1-2 weeks Ref: Essentials of postgraduate psychiatry By JN Vyas 1st ed Pg 331", "cop": 1, "opa": "Benzodiazepines for 7-14 days", "opb": "Barbiturates for 10 days", "opc": "Benzodiazepines for 1 month", "opd": "Benzodiazepines for 2 days", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Substance abuse", "id": "33cb126e-3842-4a3e-bc49-4eabc4f838e7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Morbid jealousy is seen with", "exp": "Alcohol-induced jealousy: patients suspect their spouses of infidelity and the belief is morbid enough to influence various aspects of personal and social life. Reference: P.105 chap.5 Substance use disorders textbook of postgraduate psychiatry Nivas &ahuja", "cop": 1, "opa": "Alcoholism", "opb": "Opium", "opc": "Cannabis", "opd": "Amphetamine", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "54bf3407-4704-437b-bd09-0dbba7115889", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Jamais vu is", "exp": "deja vu=== feeling of familiarity to a novel stimulus jamais vu==feeling of unfamiliarity to a familiar stimulus Reference.Kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11th edition, pg No.194", "cop": 4, "opa": "Illusion that what one is hearing, one has heard previously", "opb": "A unfamiliar thought regarded as repetition of a previous thought", "opc": "Unfamiliar situations or events feel strangely familiar", "opd": "Feeling of strangeness to familiar situation", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": "Symptoms and signs in psychiatry and classification", "id": "52e918f5-aac1-4cf0-870b-a0fcee7cac8e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A middle aged person repoed to Psychiatric OPD with the complaints of fear of leaving home, fear of travelling alone and fear of being in a crowd. He develops marked anxiety with palpitations and swelling if he is in these situations. He often avoids public transpo to go his place of work. The most likely diagnosis is", "exp": "D i.e. Agoraphobia Agoraphobia Patients with agoraphobia rigidly, avoid situations in which it would be difficult to escape or obtain help. They prefer to be accompanied by a friend or family member in busy streets, crowded stores, closed in places (eg. tunnels, bridges, and elevators), closed in vehicles (eg subways, buses, & air planes)Q. Patients may insist that they be accompanied every time they leave the house. Severely affected patient may refuse to leave house. The behaviour may result in marital discord. The situations are avoided (eg. travel is restricted) or else are endured with marked distress or anxiety about having a panic attack or panic like symptomsQ. The anxiety or phobic avoidance is not better accounted for by another mental disorder, such as social phobia (eg. avoidance limited to social situations because of fear of embarrassment), specific phobias (eg. avoidance limited to single situation like elevators), OCD (eg avoidance of di in some one with an obscession about contamination), post traumatic stress disorder (eg avoidance of stimuli associated with severe stressor), or separation anxiety disorder (eg avoidance of leaving home or relatives), Agoraphobia is usually associated with panic disorder. Agoraphobia without a h/o panic disorder is often incapacitating & chronic, and depressive disorder and alcohol dependence often complicates its curse. Treatment of panic disorder, treats agoraphobia. Treatment is staed with SSRIs (paroxetine, seraline, or fluvoxamine). Benzodiazepines have the most rapid onset of action against panic, within first week. BDZs can reasonably be used as first agent while a SSRI is being slowly titrated to a therapeutic dose (after 4 -12 weeks it can be tapered).", "cop": 4, "opa": "Generalised anxiety disorder", "opb": "Schizophrenia", "opc": "Personality disorder", "opd": "Agoraphobia", "subject_name": "Psychiatry", "topic_name": null, "id": "a2dc1da3-4afc-47ee-b2b5-59207ccb9419", "choice_type": "single"}