{"question": "Mission Indradhanush is for", "exp": "ref : park 21st ed", "cop": 2, "opa": "non communicable disease", "opb": "universal immunization", "opc": "Family planning", "opd": "safe water and sanitization", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "c1402844-0c2a-4219-8de0-585a18dd9db2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Government of Pak has accepted iron fortification to reduce prevalence of anemia; it has recently been decided to fortify", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Salt", "opb": "Skimmed dried milk", "opc": "Sugar", "opd": "Flour", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6018ab9d-e6aa-4d50-afaa-5a5fe40195f9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Mercury is disposed by", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Controlled combustion", "opb": "Deep burial", "opc": "Chemical treatment", "opd": "Safely collect and re-use", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "96a0590a-c568-4ac2-95cb-14cbef385f9e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "One DALY signifies", "exp": "DALY is a measure of overall disease burden, expressed as a number of years lost due to ill-health, disability or early death. 1 DALY = 1yr of healthy life lost Ref : Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition; Page 26", "cop": 2, "opa": "1 year of disease free life", "opb": "1 lost year of healthy life", "opc": "1 month of bedridden life", "opd": "1 day of diseased life", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "5cc35b79-7d6d-4f42-bc13-df7d1e6b33d1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The infective form of malarial parasite through a blood transfusion is", "exp": "Modes of Malaria Transmission:\n• Bite of female anopheline mosquitoes:\n– Infective forms: Sporozoites Transfusion malaria\n• Injection of blood of a malaria patient containing asexual forms:‘Trophozoite induced malaria’ –\n– Transfusion malaria\n– Congenital malaria\n– Malaria in drug addicts", "cop": 2, "opa": "Merozoite", "opb": "Trophozoite", "opc": "Sporozoite", "opd": "Schizont", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "3f9e03b0-bb53-418b-a420-d5a63f404b9c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "'Moron' is one with an IQ of", "exp": "Levels of intelligence IQ range Idiot 0 - 24 Imbecile 25 - 49 Moron 50 - 69 Borderline 70 - 79 Low normal 80 - 89 Normal 90 - 109 Superior 110 - 119 Very superior 120 - 139 Near genius 140 and over", "cop": 3, "opa": "0-24", "opb": "25-49", "opc": "50-69", "opd": "70-79", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Mental Health", "id": "7948a629-ef97-4627-b861-62bdd399f224", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A &;group on medical education and suppo manpower&; is popularly known as", "exp": "The government of India in the ministry of health and family planning in November 1974 set up a &;group on medical education and suppo manpower&; popularly known as shrivastav committee1. to devise a suitable curriculum for training healthcare assistants2. to suggest steps for improving the existing medical educational processes 3. to make any other suggestions to realize the above objectives and matters incidental theretoRef: Park; 23rd ed; Pg 875", "cop": 3, "opa": "Kaar Singh committee", "opb": "Mudaliar committee", "opc": "Shrivastav committee", "opd": "Bhore committee", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health education & planning", "id": "5a13458f-da6a-491a-bdca-3950e00e97ac", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "RHIME  is used for measuring", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Neonatal Mortality rate", "opb": "Maternal Mortality rate", "opc": "Infant Mortality rate", "opd": "Perinatal Mortality rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "0f3be8c2-9c6e-4970-a3ad-86a5826b3f53", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Resource person for training of ASHA are", "exp": "NRHM created a cadre ASHA. ASHA must be a resident of the village A women of age group 25 -45 years with formal education upto eighth class having communication skills and leadership quality. The norm is 1 ASHA per 1000 population. AWWs and ANMs will act as resource persons for training ASHA. Ref: Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine.K Park. Edition 23.Pg no: 449,450", "cop": 2, "opa": "AWW and MPW", "opb": "AWW and ANM", "opc": "MPW and ANM", "opd": "ANM and MO", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health programmes in India", "id": "4450455a-fe22-40d4-a548-316d4fc3f38b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Third generation IUCD is", "exp": "THIRD GENERATION IUDs A third generation of IUDs *based on still another principle, i.e., release of a hormone have become available on a limited scale. The most widely used hormonal device is progestase, which is a T -shaped device filled with 38 mg of progesterone, the natural hormone. The hormone is released slowly in the uterus at the rate of 65 mcg daily. It has a direct local effect on the uterine lining, on the cerl mucus and possibly on the sperms. Because the hormone supply is gradually depleted, regular replacement of the device is necessary. Another hormonal device LNG-20 (Mirena) is a T-shaped IUD releasing 20 mcg of levonorgestrel (a potent synthetic steroid); it has a low pregnancy rate (0.2 per 100 women) and less number of ectopic pregnancies. Long-term clinical experience with levonorgestrel releasing IUD has shown to be associated with lower menstrual blood loss and fewer days of bleeding than the copper devices. The levonorgestrel releasing IUD has an effective life of 10 years. The hormonal devices would be paicularly valuable for women in developing countries in whom excess blood loss caused by ine devices have been shown to result in significant anaemia. But these devices are more expensive, to be introduced on a wide scale. Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 548", "cop": 2, "opa": "ML CuT 250", "opb": "MIRENA", "opc": "CuT 380A", "opd": "Copper 7", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "467b4285-c0f3-42ac-b864-87ecefb8e1d9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A study revealed that in study group, intake of carotene | ca colon but it is due to | fibre intake, This is due to", "exp": "A \"confounding factor\" is defined as one which is associated both with exposure and disease, and is distributed unequally in study and control groups. More specifically a \"confounding factor\" is one that, although associated with \"exposure\" under investigation, is Itself, independently of any such association, a \"risk factor\" for the disease. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 72", "cop": 4, "opa": "Sampling error", "opb": "Eastogical factor", "opc": "Misclassification bias", "opd": "Confounding factor", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "52ab8215-796a-4800-a272-2bfd854398cb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The most appropriate test to assess the prevalence of TB infection in a community is", "exp": "Prevalence of tuberculosis is the percentage of individuals who show a positive reaction to the standard tuberculin test.Prevalence represents a cumulative experience of a population to recent and remote infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.limitations are high coverage of BCG vaccination. since most of the vaccinees become positive reactors to the tuberculin test and cross-sensitivity to atypical mycobacteriae.Park 23e pg: 172", "cop": 3, "opa": "Mass miniature radiography", "opb": "Sputum examination", "opc": "Tuberculin test", "opd": "Clinical examination", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "2c2981e6-bdf8-426a-b6c6-aaa684f53ad4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Endemic ascitis is associated with the following aEUR'", "exp": "Pyrrolizidine Repeat from Nov 06 Endemic ascites is caused by a hepatotoxin - pyrrolizidine alkaloid found in weed seeds of Crotolaria (Jhunjhunia). These weed seeds of Jhunjhunia contaminate the millet seeds Panicum milare (locally k/a Gondhli) Endemic ascites presented in Sarguja district of Madhya Pradesh during 1973 & 1976 as outbreak of rapidly developing ascites and jaundice with high moality. Preventive measures - educating the people - deweeding of Jhunjhunia plants which grow along with the staple food-millet. - sieving to separate out the Jhunjhunia seeds from millet seeds. Other food toxicant diseases: Neurolathyrism - caused by toxin Beta oxalyl amino alanine (BOAA) found in seeds of pulse Lathyrus sativum (Khersari dal) Epidemic dropsy - caused by toxic alkaloid Sanguinarine found in argemone mexicana seeds. Argemone oil contaminates mustard oil. Aflatoxicosis is due to ingestion of aflatoxins produced by ceain fungi, Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Aflatoxins are hepatotoxins & also carcinogenic.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Pyrrolizidine", "opb": "Aflatoxin", "opc": "Sanguinarine", "opd": "Beta oxalylamino alanine (BOAA)", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c02f5a85-51f3-4caa-ae38-ca9e92801884", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The course of disease without any intervention is the definition of", "exp": "Answer: a) Natural history of disease (PARK 23rd ED, P-35)Natural history of disease signifies the way in which a disease evolves over time from the earliest stage of its prepathogenesis phase to its termination as recovery, disability or death, in the absence of treatment or prevention.NATURAL HISTORY OF DISEASEDisease processPre-pathogenesis phase Pathogenesis phaseDisease agent has not entered man After the entry of agent into the (man in the midst of disease or man susceptible human host exposed to the risk of disease) Outcome may be - recovery, disability orInteraction between agent, host & death environment required to initiate diseaseprocess in manLevels of preventionPrimary prevention Secondary preventionTertiary preventionModes of interventionHealth promotion Early diagnosisSpecific protection & treatmentDisability limitationRehabilitation", "cop": 1, "opa": "Natural history of disease", "opb": "Spectrum of disease", "opc": "Epidemiology", "opd": "Epidemiological triad", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of Health and Disease", "id": "0ebc429e-919e-48d0-9358-e5b861e6aea1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Phobia is exaggerated form of", "exp": "When the fear becomes exaggerated or unnecessary, it is called a phobia.A phobia is a type of anxiety disorder.Park 23e pg: 675", "cop": 1, "opa": "Fear", "opb": "Anger", "opc": "Suspicion", "opd": "Love", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Social science, Mental health & Genetics", "id": "c3e6728c-776d-4665-a181-c138f2d0d98f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Benzathine pencillin treatment in RHD is", "exp": "SECONDARY PREVENTION of Rheumatic hea disease Secondary prevention (i.e., the prevention of recurrences of RF) is a more practicable approach, especially in developing countries. It consists in identifying those who have had RF and giving them one intramuscular injection of benzathine benzyl penicillin (1.2 million units in adults and 600,000 units in children) at intervals of 3 weeks. This must be continued for at least 5 years or until the child reaches 18 years whichever is later. For patients with carditis (mild mitral regurgitation or healed carditis) the treatment should continue for 10 years after the last attack, or at least until 25 years of age, which ever is longer. More severe valvular disease or post-valve surgery cases need life-long treatment. This prevents streptococcal sore throat and therefore recurrence of RF and RHD. However, the crucial problem is one of patient compliance as penicillin prophylaxis is a long-term affair. Studies have shown that secondary prevention is feasible, inexpensive and cost-effective, when implemented through primary health care systems Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 402", "cop": 2, "opa": "Primary prevention", "opb": "Secondary prevention", "opc": "Primordial prevention", "opd": "Teiary prevention", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Non communicable diseases", "id": "a35abef1-037d-4e89-a37e-923eadfeecf6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Nakayama strain is used in vaccination of", "exp": "Control of Japanese encephalitis:Vaccination: Population at risk has been recommendedThree types of JE vaccines in large-scale use arethe mouse-brain derived, purified and inactivated vaccine which is based on either the Nakayama or Beijing strains of JE virusthe cell culture-derived inactivated JE vaccine based on Bejing P-3 strain andthe cell culture-derived live attenuated vaccine based on the SA 14-14-2 strain of the JE virusVector control: Effective way to deal with them is to reso to aerial or ground fogging with ultra-low-volume insecticides Ref: Park; 23rd ed; pg no: 286", "cop": 2, "opa": "Yellow fever", "opb": "Japanese Encephalitis", "opc": "Kyasanur Forest Disease", "opd": "Ebola Fever", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "6d42b507-e1db-4242-a4d9-b178f9934372", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "PPV does not depend on", "exp": "Positive Predictive Value(PPV) depends on\n\nSensitivity\nSpecificity\nPrevalence of disease\n\nPPV ∝ Prevalence of disease.\nPPV is directly proportional to prevalence of disease.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Sensitivity", "opb": "Specificity", "opc": "Prevalence of disease", "opd": "Incidence of disease", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "02686e88-16b5-431a-b436-7c4c783b0f9e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The daily extra colorie requirement is first trimester of pregnancy is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "50", "opb": "350", "opc": "150", "opd": "450", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "64def2d3-9cad-4b5b-b0b2-66670fcb260d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "According to Maslow&;s hierarchy of needs, following is at the top of the pyramid", "exp": "Maslow&;s hierarchy of needs from base to top: Physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization.They describe the pattern that human motivations generally move through.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Physical needs", "opb": "Self actualization", "opc": "Safety", "opd": "Esteem recognization", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Social science, Mental health & Genetics", "id": "6cdf81ee-fafa-4d0b-a62b-cf6c4079eae8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Under Vision 2020, to check visual acuity, teacher will refer school child to", "exp": "Under Vision 2020, to check visual acuity, teacher will refer school child to Vision Centre Vision 2020 Right to Sight Major aim - eliminate avoidable blindness by 2020. They are Global India 1. Cataract 1. Cataract 2. RE + Low vision 2. RE + Low vision 3. Childhood blindness 3. Childhood blindness 4. Trachoma 4. Trachoma 5. Onchocerciasis (not present in India) 5. Diabetic Retinopathy 6. Glaucoma 7. Corneal Blindness Number of Authorised bodies Population Norms 2 (APEX) 1/500 million 20 (Centre of Excellence) 1/50 million 200 (Training Centre) 1/5 million 2000 (Service Centre) 1/500000 20000 (Vision Centre) 1/50000 Rajendra prasad institute of Ophthalmic sciences, AIIMS, Delhi: Services offered at Vision centre - vision testing - PMOA Service centre - cataract surgery - ophthalmologist Training centre - Training - opthal depament of medical college", "cop": 4, "opa": "Service centre", "opb": "Training centre", "opc": "Centre for excellence", "opd": "Vision centre", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "NCDs: CHD, HTN, DM, RF, Cancers, Obesity, Blindness", "id": "b88e1497-2b8e-4534-95d1-bcb90f363cdd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Sullivan index is the measure of", "exp": "Ans. a (Disability rate). (Ref. FSM, Park, 17th/pg.22)SULLIVAN INDEX# This index (expectation of life free of disability) is computed by substracting from life expectancy the probable duration of bed disability and inability to perform major activities.# It is considered one of the most advanced indicator/measure of disability rate, currently available", "cop": 1, "opa": "Disability rate", "opb": "Pregancy rate", "opc": "GNP", "opd": "Literacy rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of Health and Disease", "id": "f4fb2ce1-6954-4b53-a266-1cf75e3d71d3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Boy with IQ of 62 will come under", "exp": "Ans. a (Mild MR). (Ref. PSM, Park, 17th/pg.468)IQ =Mental age-----------Chronological agex 100 Level of intelligenceIQIdiot0-24Imbecile25-49Moron50-69Borderline70-79Low normal80-89Normal90-109Superior110-119Very superior120-139Near genious>140", "cop": 1, "opa": "Mild MR", "opb": "Moderate MR", "opc": "Severe MR", "opd": "Normal", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Social Science, Mental Health & Genetics", "id": "205fdcf7-6fd2-4090-add5-58a2978790fd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The difference between contamination and infection is that in infection", "exp": "INFECTION The entry and development or multiplication of an infectious agent in the body of man / animals An infection doesn&;t always cause infection Levels of infection:- 1. Colonization- Staphylococcus aureus in skin and nasopharynx 2. Subclinical/inapparent infection- Polio 3. Latent infection- HSV 4. Manifest/clinical infection CONTAMINATION:- The presence of an infectious agent on a body surface, also on/in clothes, bed,toys, instruments or other inanimate substances including water, milk and food Reference: Park&;s textbook of Preventive and Social medicine; 23rd edition;, Page no. 92", "cop": 2, "opa": "Infectious agent is on body surface or on non-human objects", "opb": "Infectious agent is in the body of human", "opc": "Ahropods on the body surface", "opd": "Infectious agents on clothes", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "4620fa4f-60ac-4702-b054-71bffffe64c8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not seen in fecal pollution", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Staphylococcus", "opb": "Streptococcus", "opc": "E.coli", "opd": "Clostridium perfringens", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "06e36549-80f8-45b5-991c-fef7fa6b135c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Fecal contamination of water is evaluated by", "exp": "Coliforms are E. coli (faecal) and Klebsiella (non-faecal). E. coli is the most typical faecal coliform. They are chosen as the indicators of faecal pollution of water because, They are constantly present in abundance in the human intestine. They can be easily detected by culture methods. they tend to survive longer than the pathogens. they have greater resistance to forces of natural purification than waterborne pathogens. Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 25th edition, Page No. 780", "cop": 2, "opa": "Klebsiella", "opb": "E.coli", "opc": "Proteus", "opd": "Staphylococcus", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "562b428c-b0bb-4221-a08c-3b40da029907", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not included among major criteria in acute rheumatic fever is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Erythema marginatum", "opb": "Chorea", "opc": "Polyarthralgia", "opd": "Pancarditis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "f24156d8-db47-49cb-b005-7193e0956b2a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Indicator solution in Horrocks apparatus contains", "exp": "Horrock&;s apparatus is designed to find out the dose of bleaching powder required for disinfection of water.Starch-iodide indicator solution is used.Park 23e pg: 728", "cop": 2, "opa": "Oho toludine", "opb": "Starch iodide", "opc": "Ohotoludine arsenite", "opd": "Bromocresol purple", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "f493e0d6-3175-4b90-9c8a-873f32b27b47", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The National Population Policy 2000 aims to achieve net reproduction rate by the year", "exp": "National Population Policy 2000 has the objective of bringing the total feility rate to replacement level by 2010 It also aims net reproduction rate by 1 by the year 2010 which the National health policy 1983 fails to achieve Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 493", "cop": 2, "opa": "2005", "opb": "2010", "opc": "2015", "opd": "2050", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "eaea23ee-710d-4367-abea-6e77610a425f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Period Prevalence is", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "No of cases in a given point of time", "opb": "No of cases in a given year", "opc": "No of cases over a period of years mentioned", "opd": "Incidence of no of cases during a given period", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ccc67563-0e36-487d-b051-916f1e404deb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Acceptable noise levels in bed room", "exp": "Acceptable noise levels Expressed in dB (A), sound pressure levels conforming to weighting curve (A) Environment Place Acceptable noise level dB(A) Residential Bed room 25 Living room 40 Commercial Office 35-45 Conference 40-45 Restaurants 40-45 Industrial Work shop 40-60 Laboratory 40-50 Educational Class room 30-40 Library 35-40 Hospitals Wards 20-35 Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 779", "cop": 4, "opa": "40dB", "opb": "35dB", "opc": "20dB", "opd": "25dB", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "5f0259bf-60fb-4e72-bcc5-c6ade1450ca2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Following age pyramid denotes", "exp": "The pyramid of developing country (e.g. India) has a broad base and a tapering top.\nIn developed countries, the pyramid generally shows a bulge in the middle and has a narrower base (as in figure given in the question).", "cop": 2, "opa": "Developing country", "opb": "Developed country", "opc": "Underdeveloped country", "opd": "Poor country", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "a7d2a7d9-0397-4297-bf12-e355e5920226", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Village health Nutrition day is observed", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Every day", "opb": "Every week", "opc": "Every month", "opd": "Every 6 monthly", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "9e4ac74b-ab4f-482c-be76-e78f80c99ba1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "WER stands for", "exp": "An impoant activity of WHO is epidemiological surveillance of communicable disease. WHO collects and disseminates epidemiological information on diseases subject to International health regulations and occasionally other communicable diseases of international impoance through an Automatic Telex Reply service (ATRS) and the Weekly epidemiological record (WER)Park 23e pg: 920", "cop": 2, "opa": "World epidemiological record", "opb": "Weekly epidemiological record", "opc": "World epidemic record", "opd": "Weekly environmental record", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health care of community & international health", "id": "e3f10d8b-15c6-4a55-8b3f-d7c48eadc4a1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Reliability means", "exp": "ref: Park&;s 23rd edition pg138 Reliability / repeatability / precision: that is test must give consistent results when repeated more than once on the same individual or material, under the same conditions. note: Validity or accuracy: given by sensitivity and specificity. Diagnostic power or Predictablity: includes positive and negative predictive values. in order to include or exclude the person.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Number of times the same results on repeated trials", "opb": "Number of times variation is seen", "opc": "Extent of accuracy", "opd": "Level of simplicity", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Screening", "id": "9bdeb339-ebe0-4ffc-8d30-d75cfeb8deef", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Reverse smoking causes", "exp": "Ans. (b) Carcinoma hard palateRef: K. Park 21sted. /357-58* In eastern coastal regions of Andhra Pradesh epidermoid carcinoma of hard palate is most common. It is linked with habit of reverse smoking of cigar (chutta), i.e., smoking with burning end inside the mouth.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Carcinoma lip", "opb": "Carcinoma hard palate", "opc": "Carcinoma soft palate", "opd": "Carcinoma lung", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable Diseases", "id": "532b1298-a525-46ed-ae5b-9f26a63e8dc9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Intramuscular Rabies vaccine Post exposure prophylaxis schedule is", "exp": "New Recommended Regimens/ Schedules { NEW GUIDELINES} Type of prophylaxis Regimen POST EXPOSURE INTRAMUSCULAR Essen Regimen (1-1-1-1-1) Day 0,3,7,14,28 POST EXPOSURE INTRADERMAL Updated Thai Red Cross Regimen (2-2-2-0-2) Day 0,3,7,28 POST-EXPOSURE IN VACCINATED INDIVIDUALS Day 0,3 PRE-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS Day 0,7,21/28", "cop": 2, "opa": "1-1-0-1-1", "opb": "1-1-1-1-1", "opc": "2-2-2-0-2", "opd": "8-0-4-0-0-4", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Impoant facts in Immunization, Newer Vaccines", "id": "2161312a-0f05-4f16-ac3c-bf04b778f472", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Transplacental transmission is not seen in", "exp": "HEPATITIS A Causative agent Enterovirus 72 (Picorna Virus) Incubation period 15-45 days Period of infectivity 2 weeks before to 1 week after onset of jaundice Sex distribution Equal in both sexes Children: More infected but mild or subclinical Reservoir Human cases Modes of transmission Fecal oral (Most common) Parenteral Sexual Disinfectant Formalin UV rays Boiling for 5 min Autoclaving Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 230-235", "cop": 3, "opa": "HIV", "opb": "Varicella", "opc": "Hepatitis A", "opd": "Hepatitis B", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "391b8e4c-a37d-4c90-8cf5-adff781d97e4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Birth length of the baby doubles at", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "6 months of age", "opb": "1 year of age", "opc": "2 years of age", "opd": "4 years of age", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "9c721db5-ede0-4feb-8f1c-2e64a1af2ffc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Acceptable noise level in hospital wards", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed", "cop": 1, "opa": "20 - 35dB", "opb": "35 - 40 dB", "opc": "45-55dB", "opd": "50-60dB", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health education & planning", "id": "a1e637db-b402-4437-9423-0f021527aa3d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Iron source of poor man", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Soya", "opb": "Orange fruit", "opc": "Jaggery", "opd": "Almond", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "605ac6f3-47ee-483b-b95e-9792b3882ae6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Lowest incidence of trachoma is in", "exp": "• Prevalence rate of active trachoma infection in India 0-14 years (1986-89): –\nPunjab: 21.8%\nHaryana: 15%\nRajasthan: 17.1%\nUP: 11.7%\nOrissa: 10.2%", "cop": 2, "opa": "Punjab", "opb": "Orissa", "opc": "Rajasthan", "opd": "Uttar Pradesh", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b9d05a43-efbf-4ab9-aa05-f5b293bf6e80", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Bajaj committee in 1986 proposed", "exp": "Bajaj Committee, 1986An \"Expe Committee for Health Manpower Planning, Production and Management\" was constituted in 1985 under Dr J.S. Bajaj, the then professor at AIIMS. Major recommendations are :Formulation of National Medical & Health Education Policy.Formulation of National Health Manpower Policy.Establishment of an Educational Commission for Health Sciences (ECHS) on the lines of UGC.Establishment of Health Science Universities in various states and union territories.Establishment of health manpower cells at centre and in the states.Vocationalisation of education at 10+2 levels as regards health-related fields with appropriate incentives, so that good quality paramedical personnel may be available in adequate numbers.Carrying out a realistic health manpower survey.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Multipurpose health worker", "opb": "Manpower and planning", "opc": "Rural health service", "opd": "Integrated health services", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health education & planning", "id": "fb7788f1-39e5-4a7f-a76d-6acbba8efc5d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Mission Indradhanush 2014, does not include", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Diphtheria vaccine", "opb": "Pertussis vaccine", "opc": "Hepatitis B Vaccine", "opd": "Meningococcal vaccine", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6e270de0-0bcc-48cd-b0c2-f1b4606f764c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The heart of activated sludge process is", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Secondary sedimentation tank", "opb": "Primary sedimentation", "opc": "Digestion tank", "opd": "Aeration tank", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "1b600233-2c22-4651-9f4c-cc2526b6ea1c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Maternal mortality rate (MMR) is expressed as", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Per 100,000 births", "opb": "Per 1000 live births", "opc": "Per 100,000 live births", "opd": "Per 1000 births", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "3a222ba0-56e0-4b22-b259-ef577f5302fc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Disease not under integrated disease surveillance project is", "exp": "Herpes Zoster is not under integrated disease surveillance project. Disease under integrated disease surveillance includes, Malaria, Typhoid, JE, Dengue, Measles, TB, Polio, Cholera, Hepatitis, Leptospirosis, Yellow fever, Anthrax, Plague, Meningoencephalitis etc. Ref: PARK&;S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE 23rd edition pg 475", "cop": 4, "opa": "TB", "opb": "Meningoencephalitis", "opc": "Cholera", "opd": "Herpes Zoster", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health programmes in India", "id": "b36c0a68-f191-4991-888e-337e4708af16", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common emotion of man", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Fear", "opb": "Anger", "opc": "Anxiety", "opd": "Love", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "3bdfe8ea-1c09-4256-8819-7521ac50c86b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Crude birth rate is a simplest measure of fertility because it includes", "exp": "Crude birth rate : Number of live births in a year per 1000 mid-year population.\nCBR is simplest indicator of fertility : Total mid-year population is not exposed to child bearing thus it doesnot give true idea of fertility of a population.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Mid year population", "opb": "Total population", "opc": "Live births only", "opd": "Pre-term births", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "3a8e7aa5-55e3-4312-8dd6-e177633a5173", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "IQ of a normal person is", "exp": "Idiot: 0-24Imbecile: 25-49Moron: 50-69Borderline: 70-79Low normal: 80-89Normal: 90-109Superior: 110-119Very superior 120-139Near genius 140 and over Park 23e pg: 679", "cop": 3, "opa": "70-79", "opb": "80-89", "opc": "90-109", "opd": "110-119", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Social science, Mental health & Genetics", "id": "19b52e07-9a55-4442-a548-bbeb3185d75d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Highest pregnancy rate is associated with", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Lippies loop IUD", "opb": "Copper T IUD", "opc": "Progestatsert IUD", "opd": "LNG - IUD", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "7c940917-e44f-431b-adef-f45f34b67c7d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Example for \"AMPLIFIER HOST\"", "exp": "<p> Infected pigs do not manifest any ove symptoms of illness but circulate the virus so that mosquitoes get infected and can transmit the virus to man. Thus pigs are thus considered as &;amplifiers&; of the virus. Reference:Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,K.Park,23rd edition,page no:285. <\\p>", "cop": 1, "opa": "Pig in JE", "opb": "Dog in hydatid disease", "opc": "Cattle in mad cow disease", "opd": "Rat in plague", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "c802f688-ef4c-46fa-b557-766366c4ae38", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The newer contraceptive program introduced in Family Planning is", "exp": "The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has launched two new contraceptives, an injectable contraceptive MPA (medroxyprogesterone) under the 'Antara' programme and a contraceptive pill, 'Chhaya' (Centchroman), in the public health system to expand the basket of contraceptive choices to meet the emerging needs of couples.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Parivahana", "opb": "Antara", "opc": "Prerana", "opd": "Indradanush", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "ae23aa9a-7190-43ca-a343-e74cf987e250", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Randomization means", "exp": "Randomization is a statistical procedure by which the study paicipants are allocated into groups usually called study and control groups; to receive or not receive an experimental preventive or therapeutic procedure, maneuver or intervention Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 90", "cop": 1, "opa": "Mixing of cases and controls", "opb": "Selecting cases", "opc": "Selecting controls", "opd": "Vaccine and Erythromycin", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "66b09375-9193-4ccb-9bdf-0612c5da8aa6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Infections transmitted from man to  animals is known as", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Anthropozoonoses", "opb": "Zooanthroponoses", "opc": "Zoonoses", "opd": "Amphixenosis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "80a9379f-dc0f-4ca7-b890-569cd80713fd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The optimum floor space recommended for a adult person in a house is", "exp": "The accepted standards are:110sq ft or more : 2 persons90-100 sq ft : 1 1/2 person70- 90 sq ft : 1 person50-70 sq ft : 1/2 personUnder 50 sq ft : nilA baby under 12 months is not counted; children between 1 to 10 years counted as half a unit.Park 23e pg: 752", "cop": 1, "opa": "70 to 90 sq.ft", "opb": "101 to 150 sq.ft", "opc": "151 to 200 sq.ft", "opd": "201 to 250 sq.ft", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "ec8a55b2-c24e-45ba-adc2-8b071f53a31f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Scabies, an infection of the skin caused by Sarcoptes scabiei, is an example of", "exp": "Water washed diseases: Include infections of the outer body surface which occur due to inadequate use of water or improper hygiene. Examples : Scabies, Trachoma, Typhus, Bacillary, Dysentry, Amoebic Dysentry Ref: A Dictionary Of public Health by Dr.J.kishore Pgno : 575-576", "cop": 2, "opa": "Water borne disease", "opb": "Water washed disease", "opc": "Water bashed disease", "opd": "Water related disease", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "775d26b5-0258-44f7-9615-53905f9164f8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "District health officer visited local general stores in Gujranwala District. He found certain substandard products, Turmeric was found to be containing lead chromate powder and Coriander, cow dung. He reported to the health authorities that the foods in Gujranwala district are", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Adulterated", "opb": "Fortified", "opc": "Intoxicated", "opd": "Infected", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "2f1adfa9-d13d-4f4b-9a3e-12aaec6b8678", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Waist Hip Ratio in men that indicate obesity", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "> 0.85", "opb": "> 0.95", "opc": "> 1", "opd": "> 1.5", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ff0c1890-3cb3-4860-bfc1-7271ee281380", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Prevalence is a", "exp": "Ref: Parks 23rd edition pg 61 Prevalence is a propoion. Time is not mentioned. Point prevalence of a disease is defined as the number of all current cases (old and new) of a disease at one point of time, in relation to a defined population.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Rate", "opb": "Ratio", "opc": "Propoion", "opd": "Mean", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "0f47f721-07b4-4ba2-9642-bd60d6224224", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Dosage of Albendazole given as per National deworming program in <2years old child.", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "200mg", "opb": "400mg", "opc": "500mg", "opd": "2 tablets of 400 mg", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "1f89a37b-99d7-4837-9169-3fc3f0547cbf", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Standardized mortality rate is standardized for", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Age", "opb": "Disease", "opc": "Region", "opd": "A particular time period", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "7b7cd68d-b3de-4d22-9507-c22e7cad7e05", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "To prevent Yellow Fever Aedes aegypti index should be less than", "exp": "1%", "cop": 2, "opa": "0.50%", "opb": "1%", "opc": "2%", "opd": "5%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e8560a54-8991-4a24-b1ea-4f636533f40c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "KISHORI SHAKTI YOJANA has been designed to improve nutritional status of", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Adult men", "opb": "Senior citizens", "opc": "Under five children", "opd": "Adolescent girls", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b08a4524-efe2-4f96-bd7e-88ccdc56a9aa", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Temporary hardness of water is due to", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Calcium and magnesium Bicarbonate", "opb": "Calcium and magnesium carbonate", "opc": "Potassium carbonate", "opd": "Chlorine", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ff944ad3-c16d-47da-ba9d-ac229ecaffe3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In pregnancy content of Iron in IFA tablet is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "100 mg", "opb": "200 mg", "opc": "500 mg", "opd": "800 mg", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "31692dd0-581c-4551-8484-df13cbe73635", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Post exposure active immunization can be done fora)  Rabiesb)  Measlesc)  Cholerad)  Yellow fever", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "da", "opb": "ab", "opc": "da", "opd": "ac", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "0558373f-4a5b-4ccf-9e36-8a04844cadb7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "“Inertization” deals with", "exp": "The process of ‘Inertization’ involves mixing biomedical waste with cement and other substance before disposal, so as to minimize risk of toxic substances contained in waste to contaminate ground/surface water. inertization is especiallysuitable for pharmaceuticals and for incineration ashes with high metal content.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Mixing biomedical waste with cement and other substance before disposal", "opb": "Incineration of biomedical waste with cement and other substance before disposal", "opc": "Dumping of Biomedical waste in sanitary landfills", "opd": "Screw feed technology to disinfect sharps", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "505e7abf-7c5a-4db0-8fec-e63bddfe0fc8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Reverse cold chain is used for", "exp": "The cold chain is a system of storage and transpo of vaccines at low temperatures from the manufacturer to the actual vaccination site. The cold chain system is necessary because vaccine failure may occur due to failure to store and transpo under strict temperature control (refer pgno:109 park 23 rd edition)", "cop": 1, "opa": "Carrying stool samples of polio patients from a PHC to the lab", "opb": "Transpoing outdated vaccines from PHC to district hospital", "opc": "Transpoing vaccine to lab, to check its potency", "opd": "Transpoing vaccine from camps to sub - centre", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "aa8510cb-6541-47d8-92b9-1f1e8f066e66", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not included in PQLI is", "exp": "Ans. (a) IncomeRef. K. Park 23rded. /17Components/lndicators of PQLI* Literacy rate* Infant mortality rate* Life expectancy at age 1 year", "cop": 1, "opa": "Income", "opb": "Literacy", "opc": "Life expectancy at age 1", "opd": "Infant mortality", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Indicators of Health", "id": "b00a11a5-75e0-4477-b62a-b1339131747a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Only certificate of vaccination required for international travel is", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Hepatitis B", "opb": "BCG", "opc": "Tetanus", "opd": "Yellow fever", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "2121b75f-921c-4331-8839-90b5b16b145d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Peripheral most unit for planning of family planning unde RCH programm", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "DHC", "opb": "Subcentre", "opc": "Taluk", "opd": "Anganwadi", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "fba7c75b-9b6e-4137-bfbe-4bf26819b0ca", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Weight in kg is", "exp": "A continuous variable is a variable that has an infinite number of possible values. (ex: weight in Kgs - 48.6, 47.23.etc ) A discrete variable is a variable that can only take on a ceain number of values. (Ex: Number of doctors in a clinic - 5, 11..etc) Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 73", "cop": 4, "opa": "Normal variable", "opb": "Discrete variable", "opc": "Confounding variable", "opd": "Continuous variable", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "89d2b674-5f9a-4fc2-80eb-50c63d8b0f21", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A mother brought her six years old child to Eye OPD with history of night blindness. She told that the baby suffered from measles 6 months ago. Examination revealed corneal scarring. The doctor should suspect deficiency of", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Vitamin A", "opb": "Vitamin D", "opc": "Vitamin C", "opd": "Vitamin B", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "1032b296-2544-439f-9127-0697471f7bd8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In an outbreak of cholera in a village of 2000 population 20 case have occured and 5 have died. Case fatality rate is", "exp": "Case fatality rate = (Total no. of deaths due to a particular case / Total no. of cases due to the same disease) * 100\nHere, CFR = (5/20)*100= 25%", "cop": 3, "opa": "1%", "opb": "0.25%", "opc": "25%", "opd": "5%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "40693814-42f9-489e-96ca-61376cbe9d0e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Human development index value is", "exp": "Ans. (a) 0 - 1Ref: K. Park 23rded. /17* The HDI value ranges between 0 to 1.* This value for a country shows the distance that it has already travelled towards maximum possible value of 1 and also allows comparisons with other countries.", "cop": 1, "opa": "0 - 1", "opb": "0 - 100", "opc": "Any number", "opd": "No number", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Indicators of Health", "id": "ca076355-6cf5-4837-afbd-d65e628d21d1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In Egg, Egg white contributes", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "58%", "opb": "50%", "opc": "30%", "opd": "70%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c24abf1f-70a4-4b62-999a-b888e8e38f23", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Deficiency of Copper causes", "exp": "(A) Anemia", "cop": 1, "opa": "Anemia", "opb": "Wilson's disease", "opc": "Hypothyroidism", "opd": "Obtundation", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "90ebc9f2-7bbc-48aa-85ca-75ea664ecc45", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Risk of the damage of fetus by maternal rubella is maximum if mother gets infected in", "exp": "Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS):\n\nCRS is said to have occurred if:\n\n– Infant has IgM rubella antibodies shortly after birth, or\n– IgG antibodies persist for more than 6 months\n\nMajor determinant of extent of fetal infection in CRS: Gestational age at which fetal transmission occurs,\n\n– Infection in I trimester: MOST DISASTROUS TIME\n1. Abortions\n2. Still births\n3. Skin lesions: blueberry muffin lesions\n4. ‘Triad of Congenital Rubella Syndrome’\ni. Sensorineural deafness\nii. Congenital heart defects (MC is PDA)\niii. Cataracts\n– Infection in early part of II Trimester: Deafness (only)\n– Infection after 16 weeks POG: No major abnormalities\nRisk of fetal damage in CRS:", "cop": 4, "opa": "20-24 weeks of pregnancy", "opb": "24-28 weeks of pregnancy", "opc": "32-36 weeks of pregnancy", "opd": "6-12 weeks of pregnancy", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "a1421c4e-071b-4e2b-928e-c8b8e38fe80f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A 32 year old person comes to the hospital after 2 weeks of the onset of diarrhoea. Diagnosis of typhoid can be confirmed with", "exp": "Diagnosis done in\n\n1st week - Blood culture\n2nd week - Widal / Antibodies level\n2rd week - Stool culture\n4th week - Urine culture", "cop": 4, "opa": "Urine culture", "opb": "Stool culture", "opc": "Blood culture", "opd": "Widal test", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "7298a0f2-058e-4d40-86cc-1577c87f129f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Best representation of a population with age variation", "exp": "Ans. is 'c' i.e., Population pyramid The age and sex distribution of a population is best represented by population pyramidIn countries with high bih rates as ours, it is broad based conical pyramid because of high bih rate and tapering of population with increase in age.In developed countries with low bih rate, the pyramid swells in the middle and is narrow at the base and is not so conical at the top. (dumb bell shaped).", "cop": 3, "opa": "Life table", "opb": "Correlation coefficient", "opc": "Population pyramid", "opd": "Bar cha", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "38c63140-784e-4dc6-95a8-3a8bbb27d1f6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Denominator in case fatality rate", "exp": "Case fatality rate Total number of deaths due to a paicular disease ________________________________________ X 100 Total number of cases due to to the same disease Case fatality rate represents the killing power of a disease It is simply the ratio of deaths to cases The time interval is not specified Case fatality rate is typically used in acute infectious diseases ( eg: food poisoning, cholera, measles) Case fatality is closely related to virulence. The case fatality rate for the same disease may vary in different epidemics because of changes in the agent, host and environmental factors Reference: Park&;s textbook of Preventive and Social medicine, 23rd edition, Paeg no. 58", "cop": 3, "opa": "Mid year population", "opb": "Population at risk", "opc": "Number of cases", "opd": "Number of deaths", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "76d03abb-2e5b-4d99-9f0b-66df99a9dfa9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Xpert MTB/RIF test is used to detect", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "For assessing resistance to isoniazid", "opb": "For assessing multi drug resistant TB", "opc": "For assessing rifampicin resistance", "opd": "Monitoring drug response in MDR TB", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "74bfeec1-dbcd-456c-9a7c-3e42f3cb6565", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Spikes protocol is related to", "exp": "SPIKES Technique is found useful in communication of Breast cancer prognosis :\nS - Setting up an interview.\nP - Assessing Perception.\nI - Invitation to explain.\nK - Imparting Knowlwdge.\nE - Adressing Emotions.\nS - Summary and strategy.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Communication of cancer prognosis", "opb": "Death certificate", "opc": "Triage", "opd": "Cohort study", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "836fff5f-4d6b-46eb-9754-afc7165a0ad2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common cause of maternal moality", "exp": "Ref:Park's Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th ed", "cop": 1, "opa": "Postpaum hemorrhage", "opb": "Aboion", "opc": "Infection", "opd": "Eclampsia", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics", "id": "4656f7c1-2b38-4886-be6e-06ce66d23ec4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A subcentre in a hilly area caters to a population of", "exp": "Ans. is `c' i.e., 3000", "cop": 3, "opa": "1000", "opb": "2000", "opc": "3000", "opd": "5000", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "4d4ef6fe-bda2-41c1-98f1-1b20fa80a0da", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Maximum number of students in a school classroom is", "exp": "Healthful school environment The school building, site and equipment are pa of the environment in which the child grows and develops. A healthful school environment therefore is necessary for the best emotional, social and personal health of the pupils. Schools should also serve as demonstration centres of good sanitation to the community. The following minimum standards for sanitation of the school and its environs have been suggested in India. (1) Location : The school should normally be centrally situated with proper approach roads and at a fair distance from busy places and roads, cinema houses, factories, railway tracks and market places. The school premises should be properly fenced and kept free from all hazards. (2) Site : The site should be on suitable high land, and not subject to inundation or dampness and can be properly drained. The School Health Committee {1961) had recommended that 10 acres of land be provided for higher elementary schools and 5 acres for primary schools with an additional one acre of land per 100 students. In congested areas, the nearest public park or playground should be made available to the students. {3) Structure : Nursery and secondary schools, as far as possible, be single storied. Exterior walls should have a minimum thickness of 10 inches and should be heat resistant. (4) Classroom : Verandhas should be attached to classrooms. No classroom should accommodate more than 40 students. Per capita space for students in a classroom should not be less than 10 sq. ft. (5) Furniture : Furniture should suit the age group of students. It is desirable to provide single desks and chairs. Desks should be of \"minus\" type. Chairs should be provided with proper back-rests, with facilities for desk-work. (6) Doors and windows: The windows should be broad with the bottom sill, at a height of 2'-6\" from the floor level; combined door and window area should be at least 25 per cent of the floor space; windows should be placed on different walls for cross-ventilation; the ventilators should not be less than 2 per cent of the floor area. (7) Colour : Inside colour of the classroom should be white and should be periodically white-washed. (8) Lighting : Classrooms should have sufficient natural light, preferably from the left, and should not be from the front. (9) Water supply : There should be an independent source of safe and potable water supply, which should be continuous, and distributed from the taps. (10) Eating facilities : Vendors other than those approved by the school authorities should not be allowed inside school premises; there should be a separate room provided for mid-day meals. (11) Lavatory : Privies and urinals should be provided one urinal for 60 students and one latrine for 100 students. Arrangements should be separately made for boys and girls. Ref: Park 23rd edition Pgno : 579", "cop": 3, "opa": "30", "opb": "35", "opc": "40", "opd": "50", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Social science, Mental health & Genetics", "id": "46ea9457-7ec2-4b89-ba27-cd2f02bd9c72", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug of choice for carriers of typhoid is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Ampicillin", "opb": "Chloramphenicol", "opc": "Co-trimoxazole", "opd": "Clindamycin", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "f6fd5075-bb94-4ac6-aa3c-63bfdb180b28", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Daily requirement of Iodine in adults is", "exp": "The daily requirement of iodine is 150 mcg supplied normally by well balanced diets and drinking water.", "cop": 3, "opa": "50 mcg", "opb": "100 mcg", "opc": "150 mcg", "opd": "200 mcg", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b61c7961-3100-4f19-95a4-3c81104f84a0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Body mass index is also known as", "exp": "(Quetelet index) (334 - Park 19th)* Body mass index (Quetelet's index) =Weight (kg)-------Height 2(m)* Rest index used for obesity are - Ponderal, Broca, Lorentz *s and corpulence index", "cop": 3, "opa": "Broca's index", "opb": "Corpulence index", "opc": "Quetelet's index", "opd": "Lorentz's formula", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Non-Communicable Diseases", "id": "ee07e32d-df6e-4025-870b-79252da95dee", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "(A/A+C) x 100 in the given table isTest resultPersons with diseasePersons without diseaseTotalPositiveABA+BNegativeCDC + D", "exp": "Ans. is 'b' i.e., Sensitivityo In this that A is true positive and C is false negative.ThusA----A + Cx 100 =True Positive--------------------------True Positive + False Negativex 100 = Sensitivity o Specificity in this question isD (True Negative)--------------------------------D (True Negative) + B (False Positive)xl00", "cop": 2, "opa": "Specificity", "opb": "Sensitivity", "opc": "PPV", "opd": "NPV", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Screening for Disease", "id": "d7c1d456-e2f0-455a-8488-31948e51804c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "National Tuberculosis Institute is located at", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Bangalore", "opb": "Chingelput", "opc": "New Delhi", "opd": "Chennai", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "a924235e-9da1-4479-a318-8e4584423e05", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "During disaster management green code is given for", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Dead patients", "opb": "Medium priority treatment", "opc": "Highest priority treatment", "opd": "Ambulatory patients", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "37f71f2b-0848-43b8-bd12-d0529c72392b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The limiting amino acids in wheat are", "exp": "Wheat Next to rice, wheat is the most impoant cereal. The protein content of wheat varies from 9 to 16 per cent, the limiting amino-acids are lysine and threonine. The wheat grain is much less subjected to loss of essential nutrients during processing than rice. In India, the bulk of wheat is consumed as whole grain wheat flour or atta. Maida or white flour which represents 70 per cent extraction of wheat is poorer from the nutrition standpoint. The whiter the flour the greater the loss of vitamins and minerals. Thus whole grain wheat flour is richer source of vitamin B than refined white flour. Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed", "cop": 1, "opa": "Lysine and threonine", "opb": "Lysine and tryptophan", "opc": "Lysine and leucine", "opd": "Tyrosine and tryptophan", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and health", "id": "25115638-d2b0-424b-98b1-6ab82c21ca22", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Standard error of mean is calculated by", "exp": "SD/ 1/7 Standard error of mean = SD/j SD - standard detion n - number of samples", "cop": 3, "opa": "SD/n", "opb": "SD/mean", "opc": "SD/-1/1", "opd": "Mean/SD", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c1f8a479-5e6e-4a8a-ae65-d1a100a115a5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The biological oxygen demand (BOD) indicates", "exp": "Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD): Is defined as ‘amount of oxygen absorbed by a sample of sewage’ during a specified period (Generally 5 days), at a specified temperature (generally 20° C) for aerobic destruction or use of organic matter by living organisms.\nStrong Sewage has BOD > 300 g/litre and Weak Sewage has BOD < 100 g/litre.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Organic matter", "opb": "Bacterial content", "opc": "Anaerobic bacteria", "opd": "Chemicals", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e4cbc7f9-7cff-44e1-885f-a5f9d3420561", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Health education is the responsibility of", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Health educationalist", "opb": "Doctor", "opc": "Paramedical staff", "opd": "Every health worker", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "28bfc6b4-c7ae-46ce-90c1-e3fe755780a2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Theory of contagion was first enunciated by", "exp": "Revival of medicine encompasses period from 1453 -1600. Fracastorius an Italian physician enunciated &;theory of contagion&;. He envisaged transmission of infection minute invisible paicles and explained cause of epidemics. He recognised syphilis was transmitted from person to person during sexual relationss. He is founder of epidemiology. Ref: Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine; 23rd edition; Pg no: 5", "cop": 2, "opa": "Paracelsus", "opb": "Fracastorius", "opc": "Vesalius", "opd": "Pare", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "f4eade2a-0ba4-4200-a256-978bfa35e4c7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A chronic alcoholic was complaining of loss of appetite and pain in lower legs. On examination his gate was ataxia. He is suffering from deficiency of", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Niacin", "opb": "Riboflavin", "opc": "Thiamine", "opd": "Folate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6052f50a-5ff5-45ba-bac7-86775e5ab263", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "National Guinea worm Eradication Programme was launched in", "exp": "National Guinea worm eradication programme:- Launched in 1984 with technical assistance from WHO. From the very beginning, the programme was integrated into the national health system at village level. With well-defined strategies, an efficient information and evaluation system, intersectoral coordination at all levels and close collaboration with WHO and UNICEF, India was able to significantly reduce the disease in affected areas. Strategies: 1. Health education activities with special emphasis on school children and women in rural areas. 2. Rumour registration and rumour investigation. 3. Maintenance of guinea worm disease on the list of notifiable disease and continuation of surveillance in previously infected areas. 4. Careful supervision of the functioning of hand pumps and other sources of safe drinking water. Reference - Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no.476", "cop": 4, "opa": "1972-73", "opb": "1975-76", "opc": "1980-81", "opd": "1983-84", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health programmes in India", "id": "e156c0bd-1a4d-4395-97a2-05979dcf8dac", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Global Hunger Index does not include", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Undernourishment", "opb": "Mortality of children < 5 years of age", "opc": "Under weight children < 5 years of age", "opd": "Lack of emotional support in children < 5 years of age", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "00a7adba-04ae-4f6e-8536-27c8e9261d94", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Useful screening test for lead is measurement of", "exp": "Diagnosis of lead poisoning:", "cop": 2, "opa": "Amino-laevulinic acid in urine", "opb": "Coproprophyrin in urine", "opc": "Lead in blood", "opd": "Lead in urine", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "677a68ac-940c-439d-bf13-5f1bda4d24c6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Fibreoptic scopes are sterilized by", "exp": "Ans. a (Glutaraldehyde). (Ananthnarayan, Microbioloyg, 4th ed., 32)SterilisationSterilisation by steam (Autoclave)Sterilisation by hot airSterilisation by ethylene oxideSterilization by low-temperature steam and formal dehydeSterilisation by irradiation- Vegetative bacteria, including tuberculosis, and viruses such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV and heat-resistant spores, including C.tetani and C.perfringens, are killed.- Combination of pressure, temperature and time with the moist heat is important: 134degC (30 lb/in.2) for a hold time of 3 minutes; 121degC (15 lb/in.2) for a hold time of 15 minutes;- Monitoring=Steam penetration/Bowie - Dick test and chemical indicators, for example Brownes tubes or impregnated tapes, are used to ensure that errors. Biological indicators are not appropriate.- Inefficient compared with moist steam sterilisation, but it has ability to treat solid non- aqueous liquids grease/ ointments and to process closed (airtight) containers.- Lack of corrosion may be important, particularly with instruments with fine cutting edges such as ophthalmic instruments.- It cannot be used for substances such as rubber, plastics and IV fluids which are denatured.- ETO is highly penetrative non- corrosive broad- spectrum cidal gas.- It is utilised for heat-sensitive -materials including electrical equipment.- It is not recommended for ventilator respiratory equipment or soiled instruments because organic debris, including serum, has a marked adverse effect.This uses a combination of dried saturated steam and formaldehyde, with the main advantage being that sterilisation is achieved at a low temperature (73degC) and the method is so suitable for heat-sensitive materials and items of equipment with integral plastic components.- It is not recommended for sealed, oily items or those with retained air.- Some plastics and fabrics absorb formal-dehyde, releasing this in a delayed manner which may cause hypersensitivity to the users.- This employs gamma rays or accelerated electrons.- It is an industrial process and is appropriate to the sterilisation of large batches of similar products, such as syringes, catheters and IV cannulas.- Irradiation dose in excess of 25 kGy is accepted as providing adequate sterility assurance.DisinfectionDisinfection with low-temperature steam:- Typical conditions include exposure to dry saturated steam at a temperature of 73degC for a period of 20 minutes at a pressure below atmospheric. Useful for dealing with dirty returns from OT/clinics which may be contaminated with bodily secretions and microorganisms. Following this instruments must be cleaned.Disinfection with boiling water:- Uses soft water at 100()C at normal pressure for 5min. Instruments must be thoroughly cleaned before utilised.Disinfection with formaldehyde:- Formaldehyde gas is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent. This process utilises a cabinet which is airtight and circulates gaseous formaldehyde up to 50degC.Disinfection with glutaraldehyde:A 2 % solution of glutaraldehyde is effective against most bacteria, viruses, including hepatitis B and C and HIV, and is a high-level disinfection particularly useful for the decontamination of flexible endoscopes.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Glutaraldehyde", "opb": "Ethylene oxide", "opc": "Autoclaving", "opd": "Alcohol", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Hospital waste, disaster management and occupational health", "id": "43b29992-5ed8-42d8-998f-f44706ae7bda", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Primary prevention does not include", "exp": "Early detection and treatment is pa of secondary prevention. Level Aim Mode of intervention Primordial prevention Prevention of emergence of risk factors Individual and mass education for life style changes Primary prevention Reduce the incidence of the disease Health promotion - health education, environmental modifications, nutritional modifications, lifestyle changes Specific protection Secondary prevention Reduce the prevalence of the disease by shoening its duration Early diagnosis and treatment Teiary prevention Reduce the number/impact of complications Disability limitation Rehabilitation Ref: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 24th edition - Page no. 47", "cop": 1, "opa": "Early diagnosis and treatment", "opb": "Health promotion", "opc": "Specific protection", "opd": "Health education", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "aa91c91f-f373-4e80-8fbe-86b1a0ddbfc5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Montenegro test is done for", "exp": "This test is based on skin reaction . Leishmanin is a preparation of 106 per ml washed promastigotes of leishmania, suspended in 0.5 per cent phenol saline or mehiolate. Ref: page No:334; park 25th Edition", "cop": 4, "opa": "Hydatid disease", "opb": "TAENIASIS", "opc": "Filariasis", "opd": "kala-azar", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "c9ea9948-8987-42ea-b93c-5ed99ef65152", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "n95 mask is used for;", "exp": "An N95 respirator is a respiratory protective device designed to achieve a very efficient filtration of airborne paicles. The 'N95' designation means that when subjected to careful testing, the respirator blocks at least 95 percent of very small (0.3 micron) test paicles. If properly fitted, the filtration capabilities of N95 respirators exceed those of face masks.", "cop": 1, "opa": "respiratory droplets", "opb": "aerosol", "opc": "in general", "opd": "Dust", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "FMGE 2019", "id": "f12922d5-4ba2-4955-b187-d7287fe736cb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Consent from guardian/husband for MTP is required in", "exp": "The written consent of the guardian is necessary before performing aboion in women under 18 years of age and in lunatics even if they are older than 18 years Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 506", "cop": 3, "opa": "Female is below 28 years of age", "opb": "Female is below 23 years of age", "opc": "Female is below 17 years of age", "opd": "Unmaried Female", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "dbb39e57-ec70-483f-8ee6-79b237d8b711", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "COTPA act is related to", "exp": "The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act, 2003 or COTPA, 2003 is an Act to prohibit the adveisement of and to provide for the regulation of trade and commerce in, and production, supply and distribution of cigarettes and other tobacco products in India.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Child abuse", "opb": "Cigarette smoking", "opc": "Consumer related", "opd": "Cocaine", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Non communicable diseases", "id": "e1fef0c7-ed9f-4970-921a-92a16e90873d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Rabies in not found in", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Lakshadweep Islands", "opb": "Rajasthan", "opc": "Meghalaya", "opd": "Orrisa", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "218dbe80-42a4-4e08-8440-df936da4795f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Ayushman Bharat is", "exp": "Ayushman Bharat is National Health Protection Scheme, which will cover over 10 crore poor and vulnerable families (approximately 50 crore beneficiaries) providing coverage up to 5 lakh rupees per family per year for secondary and teiary care hospitalization. Ayushman Bharat - National Health Protection Mission will subsume the on-going centrally sponsored schemes - Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) and the Senior Citizen Health Insurance Scheme (SCHIS).", "cop": 2, "opa": "Health education program", "opb": "Health protection scheme", "opc": "Health personnel training", "opd": "Health practicing guidelines", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "ae8e864d-3b33-4585-9b33-c315fc9aa66b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Infant mortality rate does not include", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Still births", "opb": "Late neonatal mortality", "opc": "Post neonatal mortality", "opd": "Early neonatal mortality", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "8a9e83b2-a138-439a-9602-0e4688579e77", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A Person is underweight if BMI is", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "<25", "opb": "<18.5", "opc": "<22", "opd": "<20", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "7077955a-ad33-4f51-847f-be059d9f84ec", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Changes in occurrence of disease over very long period of time is", "exp": "Long-term or secular trends The term \"secular trend\" implies changes in the occurrence of disease (i.e., a progressive increase or decrease) over a long period of time, generally several years or decades. Although it may have sho-term fluctuations imposed on it, a secular trend implies a consistent tendency to change in a paicular direction or a definite movement in one direction. Examples include coronary hea disease, lung cancer and diabetes which have shown a consistent upward trend in the developed countries during the past 50 years or so, followed by a decline of such diseases as tuberculosis, typhoid fever, diphtheria and polio. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 66", "cop": 3, "opa": "Modern epidemic", "opb": "Seasonel trend", "opc": "Secular trend", "opd": "Propagatedepidemics", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "cffc3a89-398e-4fd1-bd37-1d58d1f8bab0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "An investigator wants to study the association between maternal intake of iron supplements (Yes or No) and incidence of low birth weight (< 2500 or > 2500) gms). He collects relevant data from 100 pregnant women as to the status of usage of iron supplements and the status of low birth weight in their newborns. The appropriate statistical test of hypothesis advised in this situation is", "exp": "Here, an investigator wants to study the association between maternal intake of iron supplements (yes or No) and incidence of low birth weight (< 2500 or > 2500) gms), Thus, association is to be studied between 2 qualitative variables, i.e. status of usage of iron supplements and status of low birth weight in their newborns.\nSo, most appropriate test would be Chi – square test.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Paired – t-test", "opb": "Unpaired or independent t-test", "opc": "Chi – Square test", "opd": "Analysis of variance", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "4502e416-3a92-40d9-8a07-b6f74cdf859a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Best contraceptive for newly married couples", "exp": "HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES Hormonal contraceptives when properly used are the most effective spacing methods of contraception. Oral contraceptives of the combined type are almost 100 per cent effective in preventing pregnancy. They provide the best means of ensuring spacing between one childbih and another. More than 65 million in the world are estimated to be taking the \"pill\" of which about 9.52 million are estimated to be in India. Beneficial effects The single most significant benefit of the pill is its almost 100 per cent effectiveness in preventing pregnancy and thereby removing anxiety about the risk of unplanned pregnancy. Apa from this, the pill has a number of non- contraceptive health benefits. Both the Royal College of General Practitioners' and the Oxford Family Planning Association's long-term prospective studies of pill use in Britain have shown that using the pill may give protection against at least 6 diseases: benign breast disorders including fibrocystic disease and fibroadenoma, ovarian cysts, iron- deficiency anaemia, pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy and ovarian cancer. Ref : Park 25th edition Pgno : 536-537", "cop": 3, "opa": "Barrier method", "opb": "IUCD", "opc": "Oral contraceptive pill", "opd": "Natural methods", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "cff18034-99ea-46f9-a0ba-af625df6e9cf", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Desks provided with table top to prevent neck problems in an example of", "exp": "Specific protection comes under Primary prevention. It prevents risk factor from progressing to disease. Ref : Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition; Page 42", "cop": 3, "opa": "Primordial prevention", "opb": "Secondary prevention", "opc": "Specific protection", "opd": "Disability limitation", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "c222240e-3b33-4f5d-a035-e3c708f87453", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The absolute contraindication for prescribing normal contraceptive pills in a woman of repro ductive age group is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Epilepsy", "opb": "Diabetes mellitus", "opc": "Congenital hyperlipidemia", "opd": "Milk hypertension", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "750e53ed-04b0-4727-b681-80fb0cc2a7c2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Reference protein is", "exp": "Ans. c (Egg). (Ref. Park, PSM, 17th/pg.429)EGG# It is a standard protein against which quality of other proteins is compared (reference protein).# An egg weighing 60 g contains:- 6 g of protein,- 6 g of fat,- 30 mg of calcium- 1.5 mg of iron and- supplies about 70 kcal of energy.# Except for vitamin C and carbohydrates, egg contains all the nutrients.# It has all 9 essential aminoacids.# Net protein utilization (NPU) which combines in a single value the biological value and digestibility, is- 100 for egg,- 80 for meat and- 75 for milk.# Cholesterol content of egg is 250 mg/egg.# Biotin deficiency is caused by antibiotic overuse & ingestion of raw eggs (avidin in egg white avidly binds to biotin).", "cop": 3, "opa": "Milk", "opb": "Meat", "opc": "Egg", "opd": "Pulses", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and Health", "id": "b27b504d-756b-49e9-869f-36ee3ca2b0ba", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The demographic goal of Net Reproduction Rate is equal to one (NPR=1) can be achieved only if the Couple Protection Rate exceeds", "exp": "(C) 60%[?]Couple protection rate (CPR)oCouple protection rate (CPR) is an indicator of the prevalence of contraceptive practice in the community.oIt is defined as the per cent of eligible couples effectively protected against childbirth by one or the other approved methods of family planning, viz. sterilization, IUD, condom or oral pills.oSterilization accounts for over 60 per cent of effectively protected couples.oCouple protection rate is based on the observation that 50 to 60 per cent of births in a year are of birth order 3 or more.oThus attaining a 60 per cent CPR will be equivalent to cutting off almost all third or higher order births, leaving 2 or less surviving children per couple.oTherefore, the previous National Population Policy was to attain a CPR of 42 per cent by 1990 (end of Seventh Five Year Plan), and 60 per cent by the year 2000.oHowever about 60 per cent eligible couples are still unprotected against conception.oA state-wise break-up of the figures reported indicates that while some states notably Punjab, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Haryana and Tamil Nadu etc. are forging ahead to cover more than half of their fertility level population by contraception.oDifferent Family Planning methods used for Acceptors of Couple Protection Rate include:-Sterilization-Vasectomy-Tubectomy-IUD insertion-Condom users-Oral Contraceptive Pill UsersoNRR = 1 can be achieved only if the CPR >60%[?]Net Reproduction Rate (NRR)oNet Reproduction Rate (NRR) is defined as the number of daughters a newborn girl will bear during her lifetime assuming fixed age-specific fertility and mortality rates.oNRR is a demographic indicator. NRR of 1 is equivalent to attaining approximately the 2-child norm.oIt is 'the number of daughters a newborn girl will bear during her lifetime assuming fixed age-specific fertility and mortality rates'.oIt is a demographic indicator.oNRR of 1 is equivalent to attaining approximately the 2-child norm. If the NRR is less than 1, then the reproductive performance of the population is said to be below replacement level.oThe average number of Daughters a women would bear in her life if she experiences the age-specific fertility (fro daughters) prevailing at the study period, & if her daughters experienced the prevailing rates of mortality.oIf the age schedules of both fertility & mortality remain constant, the Net Reproduction Rate would be a measure of generational Replacement.oE.g.-NRR =1.1 - Next generation will be 10% larger than the present generation (growth)-NRR =1.0 - Next generation will be the same as the present generation (replacement level)-NPR =0.9 - next generation will be 10% smaller than the present generation (depopulation)[?]Net Reproduction Rate, Pros & Cons.oPros-Taking into account both fertility & survival in getting one indicator of reproductivity of a PopulationoCons-Requires detailed data on fertility & survival of women, up to age 50 years-Does not take into account that women born in different years may have different fertility & survival.", "cop": 3, "opa": "40%", "opb": "50%", "opc": "60%", "opd": "70%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and Family Planning", "id": "3b7b57b8-3c7d-4020-ac31-7020d9bc40e3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Byssinossis occurs with", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Sugarcane fibers", "opb": "Silica fibers", "opc": "Cotton fibers", "opd": "Carbon particles.", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "37a5ef47-1207-4d3e-8fb0-d3ecbe62ee42", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Monetary benefit is measured in", "exp": "ref : park 21st ed", "cop": 4, "opa": "Program budgeting system", "opb": "Network analysis", "opc": "Cost effective analysis", "opd": "cost benefit analysis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "dc2b590f-7616-46df-bfb3-9d3305896751", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In an outbreak of cholera in a village of 2000 population 20 cases have occured and 5 have died. Case fatality rate is", "exp": "Ref: Parks 23rd edition Case fatality rate = (Total no. of deaths due to a paicular case / Total no. of cases due to the same disease) x 100 Here, CFR = (5/20) x 100= 25%", "cop": 4, "opa": "1%", "opb": "0.25%", "opc": "5%", "opd": "25%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "8e3edd81-7d65-42be-a573-c5cfdaf8ea23", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Probability =", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Odds / (1 + adds)", "opb": "Odds / (1 - adds)", "opc": "(1 + adds) / adds", "opd": "(1 - adds) / adds", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "88309de8-4667-47b7-a6a6-ee27425397ec", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Methylene blue test for milk is used to detect", "exp": "Methylene Blue Dye Reduction Test is used to assess the microbiological quality of raw and pasteurized milk. This test is based on the fact that the blue colour of the dye solution added to the milk get decolourized when the oxygen present in the milk get exhausted due to microbial activity. The sooner the decolourization, more inferior is the bacteriological quality of milk assumed to be.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Microorganisms", "opb": "Lactose", "opc": "Proteins", "opd": "Sugars", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and health", "id": "f785f08a-9215-4380-833d-a370ebfe86ae", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In a Standard detion of 2, confidence limit is", "exp": "Normal Curve This is a normal distribution curve in which 95% of the population falls between -2SD and +2SD. Confidence limits are the upper and lower boundaries of a confidence interval. Confidence interval is the interval within which a parameter value is expected to lie with ceain confidence levels, as could be revealed by repeated samples.", "cop": 2, "opa": "68.30%", "opb": "95.40%", "opc": "99.70%", "opd": "76.20%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Normal Distribution, Skewed Distributions", "id": "09ea11a9-ddf1-4d41-bf63-9653774d54cb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common air pollutant is", "exp": "(A) Carbon monoxide # Six Common Air Pollutants are:> Ozone, Carbon monoxide, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides, and Lead.> Of the six pollutants, particle pollution and ground-level ozone are the most widespread health threats.> Most common and widespread air pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter.> Carbon Monoxide (CO): Fuel combustion from vehicles and engines. Reduces the amount of oxygen reaching the body's organs and tissues; aggravates heart disease, resulting in chest pain and other symptoms.> Ground-level Ozone (O3): Secondary pollutant formed by chemical reaction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and NOx in the presence of sunlight. Decreases lung function and causes respiratory symptoms, such as coughing and shortness of breath, and also makes asthma and other lung diseases get worse. More on Ground Level Ozone Here> Lead (Pb): Smelters (metal refineries) and other metal industries; combustion of leaded gasoline in piston engine aircraft; waste incinerators (waste burners), and battery manufacturing. Damages the developing nervous system, resulting in IQ loss and impacts on learning, memory, and behavior in children. Cardiovascular and renal effects in adults and early effects related to anaemia.> Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Fuel combustion (electric utilities, big industrial boilers, vehicles) and wood burning. Worsens lung diseases leading to respiratory symptoms, increased susceptibility to respiratory infection.> Particulate Matter (PM) This is formed through chemical reactions, fuel combustion (e.g., burning coal, wood, diesel), industrial processes, farming (plowing, field burning), and unpaved roads or during road constructions. Short-term exposures can worsen heart or lung diseases and cause respiratory problems. Long-term exposures can cause heart or lung disease and sometimes premature deaths.> Sulfur Dioxide (SOS02 comes from fuel combustion (especially high-sulfur coal); electric utilities and industrial processes as well as natural occurances like volcanoes. Aggravates asthma and makes breathing difficult. It also contributes to particle formation with associated health effects.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Carbon monoxide", "opb": "Sulfur oxide", "opc": "Nitrogen oxide", "opd": "Lead", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "f2894119-90ba-4353-bac8-4f720cc56e8c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Energy requirement for pregnant women doing moderate physical activity with body weight 55 kg", "exp": "Group Category / Age Body weight (Kg) Net energy (Kcal/d) Protein (g/d) Man Sedentary work Moderate work Heavy work 60 2,320 2,730 3,490 60.0 Woman Sedentary work Moderate work Heavy work Pregnant woman Lactation 0-6 m 6-12 months 55 1,900 2,230 2,850 +350 +600 +520 55.0 78 74 68 Infants 0-6 months 6-12 months 5.4 8.4 92 kcal/Kg/d 80 kcal/kg/d 1.16g / kg/d 1.69 g/kg/d Children 1-3 years 4-6 years 7-9 years 12.9 18.0 25.1 1,060 1,350 1,690 16.7 20.1 29.5 Boys 10-12 years 34.3 2,190 39.9 Girls 10-12 years 35.0 2,010 40.4 Boys 13-15 years 47.6 2,750 54.3 Girls 13-15 years 46.6 2,330 51.9 Boys 16-17 years 55.4 3,020 61.5 Girls 16-17 years 52.1 2,440 55.5 Energy Requirements Adult Man: ~2300 kcal/day if sedentary level worker, ~2700 kcal/day if moderate level worker and 3500 kcal/day if heavy level worker. Adult Woman: ~1900 kcal/day if sedentary level worker, ~2200 kcal/day if moderate level worker and ~2900 kcal/day if heavy level worker. Infant 0-6months: 92 Kcal/Kg/d i.e. approx. 500 kcal/day and in infants 6-12 months: 80 Kcal/kg/d i.e. approx. 670kcal/day Additional energy requirements in pregnancy: +350 Additional energy requirements in lactation: in 0-6 months is +600 kcal/day and in 6-12 months is +520 kcal/day", "cop": 2, "opa": "2280", "opb": "2580", "opc": "2730", "opd": "2630", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Allied Health Sciences", "id": "3f1b2617-a977-4388-91ff-7516cd09cbe0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Live attenuated vaccines are A/E", "exp": "The internationally available cell culture and embryonated egg-based vaccine consist of rabies virus that has been propagated in cell substrates such as human diploid cells, Vero cells, primary Syrian hamster kidney cells etc (refer pgno 279 park 23rd edition)", "cop": 2, "opa": "Measles", "opb": "Rabies", "opc": "Oral polio", "opd": "Yellow fever", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "5e5be67b-75a4-4253-9f03-8523a85d51e4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "MTP can be done upto", "exp": "MTP act 1971, provides safeguards to the mother by authorizing only a Registered Medical Practitioner having experience in gynecology and obstetrics to perform aboion where the length of Pregnancy does not exceed 12 weeks Where the pregnancy exceeds 12 weeks and is not more than 20 weeks, the opinion of two Registered Medical Practitioners is necessary to terminate the pregnancy Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 506", "cop": 3, "opa": "12 weeks", "opb": "16 weeks", "opc": "20 weeks", "opd": "10 weeks", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "4cb20df6-6726-4827-921a-ce3be9fccf96", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The RCH programme was launched in", "exp": "Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) Programme was launched in October 1997. The main aim of the programme is to reduce infant, child and maternal moality rates. RCH - II was launched on 1st April 2005. The main objective of the program was to bring about a change in mainly three critical health indicators i.e. reducing total feility rate, infant moality rate and maternal moality rate with a view to realizing the outcomes envisioned in the Millennium Development Goals.", "cop": 3, "opa": "1993", "opb": "1995", "opc": "1997", "opd": "1999", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Maternal and child care", "id": "89484d9a-18b0-44f5-9e0f-da44393063ed", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "SSPE is a rare complication of", "exp": "(B) Measles # SSPE: It is characterized by a history of primary measles infection usually before the age of 2 years, followed by several asymptomatic years (6-15 on average), and then gradual, progressive psychoneurological deterioration, consisting of personality change, seizures, myoclonus, ataxia, photosensitivity, ocular abnormalities, spasticity, and coma.> Pathologic changes are firstly observed in the white matter of the hemisphere.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Mumps", "opb": "Measles", "opc": "Rubella", "opd": "Influenza", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "545e1f10-8c74-440c-bb4d-21a8652a6f58", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "NITI AAYOG Represents;", "exp": "Government of India has established NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) on 1st January 2015 It will seek to provide a critical directional and strategic input into the development process. It will emerge as a \"thinktank\" that will provide Governments at the central and state levels. It will monitor and evaluate the implementation of programmes, and focus on technology upgradation and capacity building", "cop": 2, "opa": "Nutritional institute for transforming India", "opb": "National Institute for Transforming India", "opc": "Newer Initiative transforming India", "opd": "Nutrition Intake to India", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "FMGE 2019", "id": "40d3a1ea-35c0-4a27-98fe-89fec39b16f7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "While calculating the incubation period for measles in a group of 25 kids, standard detion is 2 and the mean incubation period is 8 days, calculate Standard error.", "exp": "STANDARD ERROR OF MEAN (SEMEAN) SEmean is the measure of difference between sample and population mean values whatever be the sampling procedure or the care taken while selecting sample, the sample estimates (statistics) will differ from population values (parameters) * SE is a 'measure of chance variation', and IT DOES NOT mean an error or mistake. In the given question, n =25 kids, Standard detion (s) = 2, Mean incubation period (u) = 8 days, * Thus, standard error = 2/5 = 0.4", "cop": 1, "opa": "0.4", "opb": "1", "opc": "2", "opd": "0.5", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Statistical Errors, p-value", "id": "00e47121-575c-4741-8b6c-3c6466a04103", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In a population of 1000, there are 200 eligible couples. 30 out of them use condom, 20 use IUCD, 20 use OC pills while 70 have undergone female sterilization. The rest do not use any method. Calculate Couple protection rate.", "exp": "- Given, total eligible couples = 200 ; eligible couples protected by any of approved methods = 30+20+20+70 =140 - CPR = Total no. of eligible couples protected by any of approved methods/Total no. of eligible couples in the communityx100 =140/200 = 70% Approved methods of Family planning Sterlization IUD Condom Oral pills", "cop": 4, "opa": "35%", "opb": "55%", "opc": "62%", "opd": "70%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Definitions & Concepts", "id": "009ccb85-62c8-497d-ac52-1b9477075164", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Mean Hb values in two population groups are compared by", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed", "cop": 2, "opa": "Paired t test", "opb": "Unpaired t test", "opc": "Chi square test", "opd": "Fischer test", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "eef0905b-965f-4a6b-bd06-604bded9c566", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "World Breast feeding week is observed during", "exp": "Ref:Park's textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25 th Ed", "cop": 3, "opa": "2 nd week of August", "opb": "1 st week of June", "opc": "1st week of August", "opd": "Last week of April", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics", "id": "35a9d4c8-50f5-4c3d-a3dc-b83cbf63fd44", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Screening test is,", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Costly", "opb": "Less sensitive", "opc": "Easy to perform", "opd": "Less Specific", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "d631cd0e-be6f-485a-8bd3-13db539b37bb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Denominator of Literacy rate is", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Total population", "opb": "Total population ≥ 7 years of age", "opc": "Total male population of ≥ 7 years of age", "opd": "Number of school going children", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "8e4c66ab-6774-4bfb-ae83-d49eceda6cf2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Live vaccines are", "exp": "BCG consists of living bacteria derived from an attenuated bovine strain of tubercle bacilli. The bacilli used for vaccine production are descendants of the original Calmette strain of BCG (refer pgno:196 park 23rd edition)", "cop": 2, "opa": "TT", "opb": "BCG", "opc": "DPT", "opd": "OPV", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "a38a721f-0ca6-4a5b-95ac-98dfc230ff30", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "NPU of egg is", "exp": "NPU - Net Protein Utilization One of the best indicator of protein quality for recommending the dietary protein requirement NPU of egg is 96 (Highest); therefore Egg is the 'Reference protein' NPU of meat is 80 NPU of milk is 75 Rice -65 Soya -55", "cop": 2, "opa": "90", "opb": "96", "opc": "6", "opd": "12", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Proteins, Fats, Rich Sources", "id": "eb80226f-4e4b-4f86-91d2-636fcf8e9907", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not an Ideal Candidate for inseion of IUCD", "exp": "The Ideal IUCD candidateThe planned parenthood federation of America has described the ideal IUCD candidate as a woman:who has born at least one childhas no history of pelvic diseaseis willing to check the IUCD tailhas access to follow up and treatment of potential problems, andis in a monogamous relationshipRef: Park pg no: 497", "cop": 4, "opa": "Have normal menstrual periods", "opb": "No history of PID", "opc": "Has at least one child", "opd": "Cancer Cervix", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "7195909e-bcd7-49a0-911d-08fbd12c6a7a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Cipargamin is a drug under trial for", "exp": "Cipargamin (KAE 609) is a synthetic antimalarial belonging to the spiroindolone class. In trials, it cleared the parasite rapidly in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in uncomplicated Malaria patients. The safety profile of drug not known yet. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 262", "cop": 4, "opa": "HIV / AIDS", "opb": "Tuberculosis", "opc": "Typhoid", "opd": "Malaria", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "3b781381-5510-4ac8-8fdd-5c985253b9bf", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Vaccine with maximum efficacy is", "exp": "Measles Both measles and tetanus toxoid are highly efficacious vaccines (>95% efficacy). But if we compare the doses required and duration of immunity achieved, measles vaccine is clearly ahead of tetanus toxoid. - A single dose of measles vaccine if given at 12 months can achieve 95% efficacy, and if given at 15 months can achieve 98% efficacy. A 2\" dose of measles vaccine achieves >99% efficacy. \"This immunity appears to be of long duration probably for life.\"-Park 20/e p138 - Tetanus toxoid achieves the same efficacy (>95%) after 3 doses and boosters are required every 5 to 10 yrs to maintain the immunity. (Whereas measles requires no boosters) BCG and OPV can be easily ruled out. BCG has variable efficacy of 0-80%. OPV has >90% efficacy in industrialised countries and 72-98% in hot climates when cold chain is properly maintained. (Lower protection against type 3 which can cause rare vaccine associated paralytic polio.) Ghai writes-\"Primary vaccine failure occasionally occurs after three doses of oral polio vaccine.\"", "cop": 2, "opa": "OPV", "opb": "Measles", "opc": "BCG", "opd": "TT", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "a5e30999-f074-474b-89c1-5345c2bb6746", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Fat content is minimum in", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.e., Human milk Fat content of milk: Buffalo > Goat > Cow > Human Protein content of milk: Buffalo > Goat > Cow > Human Lactose content of milk: Human > Buffalo > Goat > Cow Energy content of milk: Buffalo > Goat > Cow > Human", "cop": 1, "opa": "Human milk", "opb": "Cow milk", "opc": "Goat milk", "opd": "Buffalo milk", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "a7887c11-66c8-43ae-813a-5600eff5fca2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Health Survey & Development Committee is given by", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Mudaliar", "opb": "Srivasthava", "opc": "Bhore", "opd": "Mukharji", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b33455fe-26b2-4147-9e29-f869416b25d1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Screening test for vitamin D deficiency is", "exp": "Total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (the major form of vitamin D that circulates in the body) is used for screening.Recently USPSTF (US preventive services task force) concluded that the evidence on screening for vitamin D deficiency in asymptomatic adults to improve health outcomes is insufficient", "cop": 3, "opa": "7-dehydrocholestrol", "opb": "1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D", "opc": "25 hydroxy vitamin D", "opd": "Serum calcium levels", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "f36c0a1d-ca61-49aa-be4f-eb02f8ea7a3d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Sample registration is done", "exp": "Sample registration system (SRS) SRS is taken once every 6 months It is a dual record data collection system of India Therefore, it is the most accurate data collection system of India", "cop": 2, "opa": "Every 3 months", "opb": "Every 6 months", "opc": "Every 9 months", "opd": "Every 12 months", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "FMGE 2017", "id": "1a74e837-e474-43df-9318-c8ebaa81f3dd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Gold standard study for Clinical research is", "exp": "• Meta-analysis (Highest clinical relevance: GOLD STANDARD)\n• Systematic review\n• Cohort study\n• Case control study\n• Case series\n• Case report\n• Ideas, Editorials, Opinions\n• Animal research\n• In-vitro (test-tube) research (Lowest clinical relevance)", "cop": 2, "opa": "Randomised double-blind trial", "opb": "Systematic meta-analysis", "opc": "Ecological study", "opd": "Retrospective cohort study", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "bfda8a00-319b-495d-b84b-c02d5fd5b562", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "MMR is expressed as a rate per", "exp": "Ref:Park's Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th ed", "cop": 4, "opa": "100 live bihs", "opb": "1000 live bihs", "opc": "10000 live bihs", "opd": "100000 live bihs", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics", "id": "d550eccc-84ba-44b1-90fd-ddd0e857c774", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "M.C. complication of mumps in children is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Aseptic meningitis", "opb": "Pancreatitis", "opc": "Pneumonia", "opd": "Encephalitis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e26217aa-894a-47d9-98f2-e4a67ecfbc31", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Father of medicine is", "exp": "Ans) a (Hippocrates) Ref park 20th ed p 3Hippocrates is the father of modern medicine. It was Hippocrates who first related disease to environment.Galen was a great roman medical teacher. His important contributions were in the field of comparative anatomy and experimental physiology. He observed that disease is due to three factors - Predisposing, exciting and environmental factors which was a truly modern idea during those periodsSusrutha is \"father of indian surgery\"Panacea is regarded as \"goddess of medicine\".", "cop": 1, "opa": "Hippocrates", "opb": "Susrutha", "opc": "Galen", "opd": "Panacea", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of Health and Disease", "id": "2be4f9a2-d450-4571-86c7-b9eadf2a214c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Cu 380A should be replaced once in", "exp": "Change of IUDs Ine IUDs such as Lippes Loop may be left in place as long as required, if there are no side-effects. Copper devices cannot be used indefinitely because copper corrodes and mineral deposits build up on the copper affecting the release of copper ions. They have to be replaced periodically. The same applies to the hormone-releasing devices. This is an inherent disadvantage of medicated devices when they are used in large national family planning programmes. The Cu-T -380A is approved for use for 10 years. However, the Cu-T -380A has been demonstrated to maintain its efficacy over at least 12 years of use. The Cu-T -200 is approved for 4 years and the Nova T for 5 years. The progesterone-releasing IUD must be replaced every year because the reservoir of progesterone is depleted in 12-18 months. The levonorgestrel IUD can be used for at least 7 years, and probably 10 years. The progesterone IUD has a slightly higher failure rate, but the levonorgestrel device that releases 15-20 ug levonorgestrel per day is as effective as the new copper IUDs Ref : Park 25th edition Pgno : 531-548", "cop": 4, "opa": "4years", "opb": "6years", "opc": "8years", "opd": "10years", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "5a2dfc49-5580-48d1-9714-a88a6c637f33", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The staing numbers in life table is known as", "exp": "In actuarial science and demography, a life table (also called a moality table or actuarial table) is a table which shows, for each age, what the probability is that a person of that age will die before his or her next bihday (\"probability of death\") There are two types of life tables used in actuarial science. The period life table represents moality rates during a specific time period of a ceain population. A coho life table, often referred to as a generation life table, is used to represent the overall moality rates of a ceain population's entire lifetime. They must have had to be born during the same specific time interval. A coho life table is more frequently used because it is able to make a prediction of any expected changes in moality rates of a population in the future. This type of table also analyzes patterns in moality rates that can be observed over time Ref : https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_table", "cop": 4, "opa": "Radix", "opb": "Radius", "opc": "Origin", "opd": "Coho", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "e93f17fd-c78a-4bf1-886d-bab1fd4cd90f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Low glycemic index among the following is", "exp": "Rice Rice is the staple food of more than half the human race. The rice grain consists of 3 pas the germ (embryo), the inner endosperm, and the outer pericarp and aleurone grain layer. The endosperm is composed mostly of starch; the outer pericarp aleurone layer and germ contain most of the essential nutrients. The protein content of rice varies from 6-9 per cent. Rice proteins are richer in lysine than the other cereal proteins, and for this reason, rice protein is considered to be of better quality; Rice is a good source of B group vitamins, especially thiamine. It is devoid of vitamins A, D and C. It has low glycemic index. In regard to minerals rice is a poor source of calcium and iron Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 665", "cop": 4, "opa": "Sucrose", "opb": "Potato", "opc": "Wheat bread", "opd": "Rice", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and health", "id": "a519e1bd-e8a1-4b6b-82f5-6e5a56df6163", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most popular media for mass education of general public is", "exp": "Mass media are mainly a one-way communication (Didactic Methods):\n– Television:\n- Most popular of all media\n- Creates awareness, influence public opinions and introduce new ways of life\n- Raise levels of understanding\n- Has much potential for health communication\n- Not much opportunity for feedback and discussion\n– Radio:\n- Purely didactic medium\n- Valuable aid in putting across health information\n– Internet:\n- Fast growing communication media\n- Holds very large potential to become a major health education tool\n– Newspapers:\n- Most widely disseminated of all forms of literature\n- Reach only to limited population (literates)\n– Printed material:\n- Can convey detailed information\n- Produced in bulk at low cost, can be shared\n– Direct mailing:\n- New innovation in health communication\n– Posters, billboards, signs:\n- Can be displayed at public places\n- Less effective in changing behaviour\n– Health museums and exhibitions\n– Folk media", "cop": 2, "opa": "Radio", "opb": "Television", "opc": "Newspaper", "opd": "Internet", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "fc5de819-86e4-4eda-aea4-f10f4dbc9ce1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Direction of case control study", "exp": "Case-control study has 3 distinct features: Both exposure and outcome have occurred before the sta of the study The study proceeds backward from effect to cause It uses a control or comparison group to suppo or refute an inference Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 79", "cop": 1, "opa": "Direction of study is reverse but time is forward", "opb": "Direction of study is forward and time is also forward", "opc": "Direction of study is forward and time is reverse", "opd": "Direction of study is reverse and time is also reverse", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "29ba6d72-8ea4-4a7e-a3e9-e5afa03d2e7a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Find out prevalence in a population of 5000, 500 are suffering from a disease. There are 150 old cases of disease in the population", "exp": "The term \"disease prevalence\" refers specifically to all current cases (old and new) existing at a given point in time, or over a period of time in a given population. A broader definition of prevalence is as follows: \"the total number of all individuals who have an attribute or disease at a paicular time (or during a paicular period) divided by the population at risk of having the attribute or disease at this point in time or midway through the period . No. of old and new cases = 650 Total population at that point of time = 5000 Prevalence = (650/5000) x 100 = 0.13 x 100 = 13%", "cop": 3, "opa": "9%", "opb": "12%", "opc": "13%", "opd": "18%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "02412fcc-d0a3-42a0-9765-678f1702e077", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Triage means", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "First come first serve", "opb": "Labeling the death patients", "opc": "Treating person with better prognosis", "opd": "Identifying seriously ill who needs treatment first.", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "41e36066-c110-47e1-8cac-fad6a9fc851b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The transmission of filariasis is an example of", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Propagative transmission", "opb": "Cyclo-developmental transmission", "opc": "Cyclical transmission", "opd": "Cyclo-propagative transmission", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "a1a56c20-64b0-4969-a280-e8d458affed7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Nodal centre in case of disaster management", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "PHC", "opb": "District", "opc": "Sub centre", "opd": "CHC", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "0e5eec31-27ca-4fc9-9dc7-a01fee06b221", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Contraception efficacy is measured by", "exp": "Two methods that have been used to measure contraceptive efficacy are the Pearl index and life-table analysis.Pearl index is defined as the number of \" failures per 100 woman-years of exposure (HWY)\"Failure rate per HWY = Total accidental pregnancies / Total months of exposure x 1200The Pearl index is usually based on a specific exposure (usually one year) and, therefore fails to accurately compare methods at various durations of exposure.The life-table analysis calculates a failure rate for each month of use. A cumulative failure rate can then compare methods for any specific length of exposure.Park 23e pg: 510", "cop": 2, "opa": "Pearl index only", "opb": "Pearl index and life table analysis", "opc": "Life table analysis and couple protection rate", "opd": "Couple protection rate and pearl index", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "23a665de-5c15-4175-bc3e-3c75dad0a77c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The maximum number of death in children occur in following age group", "exp": "parks textbook of preventive and social medicine 23rd edition *75% of total neonatal deaths occur within first week of life. *risk of death is greatest during first 24-48hours after bih.", "cop": 3, "opa": "2-5 years", "opb": "1-2 years", "opc": "first 7 days", "opd": "6 months - 12 months", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics", "id": "8ff9f894-4989-40cb-b2de-f9b034021a04", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Missing cases are detected by", "exp": "Sentinal surveillance is a method of identifying the missing cases and thereby supplementing the notified cases. Helps to estimate disease prevalence. Repoing bias minimized. Note: India is the 1st country to have Sentinal surveillance set up for follow up of cataract surgeries. Ref: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 24th edition - Page no. 45", "cop": 3, "opa": "Active surveillance", "opb": "Passive surveillance", "opc": "Sentinel surveillance", "opd": "Prevalence rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "9829a93e-1135-479b-a757-e47038a51849", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Concurrent list includes", "exp": "Ans. is 'c' i.e., Vital statistics", "cop": 3, "opa": "Census collection", "opb": "International health relations", "opc": "Vital statistics", "opd": "Immigration", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b9d181d9-b12c-4892-9254-9c5eb00ec6c1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "EYE strategy is developed for elimination of", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed pg.310", "cop": 2, "opa": "Yaws", "opb": "Yellow fever", "opc": "Leptospirosis", "opd": "Zika virus", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "3754b62c-2547-4845-95de-1f68a1274e7e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Central tendency is not given by", "exp": "Central tendency is given by mean, median, mode.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Mean", "opb": "Range", "opc": "Median", "opd": "Mode", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "d20af5f6-6552-4cee-aac2-fd495eaa6fc2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Serial interval is a measure of", "exp": "The gap in time between the onset of primary case and the secondary case is known as serial interval. By collecting information of the whole series of onset, we get a distribution of secondary cases from which we can guess the incubation period. Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 108", "cop": 3, "opa": "Sensitivity", "opb": "Specificity", "opc": "Incubation period", "opd": "Positive predictive value", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "8d1fdc98-92eb-49e6-a134-c165f41ecf78", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "PH of drinking water", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "4.5 - 6", "opb": "6.5 - 8.5", "opc": "7.5 - 9", "opd": "9.5", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "188ed732-8545-4597-9702-cd6dec95fc22", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Efficacy of BCG vaccine for Pulmonary Tuberculosis", "exp": "Efficacy of BCG Vaccine 0-80% (0% for pulmonary TB) Average 50% (50% for severe forms of TB)", "cop": 1, "opa": "0%", "opb": "25%", "opc": "33%", "opd": "50%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Vaccines", "id": "152de20f-872a-45f2-832c-c5a575f91fc9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "After excision of breast for Ca breast, a surgical reconstruction of breast tissue was don This reflects", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Primary prevention", "opb": "Secondary prevention", "opc": "Tertiary prevention", "opd": "Medical treatment", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "4a720ce4-31da-48b2-acf2-91522ac08b4f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Human Development index(HDI) value lies between", "exp": "HDI lies between 0 to +1.\nHDI of india is 0.64.", "cop": 1, "opa": "0 to +1", "opb": "-1 to +1", "opc": "0 to -1", "opd": "0 to +2", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "3d046005-a120-471f-ab1e-46809179dfb0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Farmer's lung result from exposure to", "exp": "(B) Thermophilic actinomycetes # FARMER'S LUNG is due to the inhalation of mouldy hay or grain dust. In grain dust or hay with a moisture content of over 30 per cent bacteria and fungi grow rapidly, causing a rise of temperature to 40 to 50deg C.This heat encourages the growth of thermophilic actinomycetes, of which Micropolyspora faerti is the main cause of farmer's lung.# OTHER FORMS OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS: Coalworker's pneumoconiosis (also known as miner's lung, black lung or anthracosis) -- coal, carbon Asbestosis -- asbestos Silicosis (also known as \"grinder's disease\" or Potter's rot, or when related to silica inhaled from the ash of an erupting volcano, Pneu-mono ultramicroscopic silico-volcanoconiosis) -- crystalline silica dust Bauxite fibrosis -- Bauxite Berylliosis--Beryllium Siderosis--Iron Byssinosis -- Cotton Silicosiderosis -- mixed dust containing silica and iron Labrador lung (found in miners in Labrador, Canada) -- mixed dust containing iron, silica and anthophyllite, a type of asbestos Stannosis -- Tin oxide", "cop": 2, "opa": "Aspergillus", "opb": "Thermophilic actinomycetes", "opc": "Cotton dust", "opd": "Silica", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "e7e18651-60be-4f8b-9223-a3d113cb3dc2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Proposed number of female health workers at subcenter according to IPHS norms.", "exp": "IPHS subcenter norms\n\n\n\n \n\nExisting\n\n\nProposed\n\n\n\nFemale health workers\n\t\t\tMale health workers\n\t\t\tVoluntary workers\n\n1\n\t\t\t1\n\t\t\t1\n\t\t\t(optional)\n\n\n2\n\t\t\t1\n\t\t\t1\n\t\t\t(optional)\n\n\n\n \n2/3\n3/4", "cop": 2, "opa": "1", "opb": "2", "opc": "3", "opd": "4", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "9b0355d4-5f6e-4c78-8731-c24aae5b1856", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Correlation between Hight and weight is best depicted by", "exp": "Scatter diagram also known as co - relarion diagram.\nCorrection is best depicted by scatter diagram.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Histogram", "opb": "Ogive", "opc": "Line chart", "opd": "Scatter diagram", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6e8186ce-d26a-4102-959a-3224dd57dd3b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Major reason for H5N1 not to become a global pandemic is", "exp": "Reasons for H5N1 not becoming Global Pandemic\n\nAbsence of efficient human to human mode of transmission (Major reason)\nAbsence of replication in humans\nAbsence of serious disease in humans", "cop": 1, "opa": "Man to man transmission is rare", "opb": "Route of transmission is not respiratory", "opc": "Does not cause serious disease among humans", "opd": "Restricted to few countries only", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "2a86af34-7f34-4928-9589-da139571dba7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common cause of low birth weight", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Intrauterine growth Retardation", "opb": "Chromosomal Abnormalities", "opc": "Anemia in mother", "opd": "Prematurity", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "54bb4634-9ad5-436b-b71d-3f13ea03984f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A malarial survey is conducted in 50 villages having a population of 1 lakh. Out of 20000 slides examined,500 turned out to be malaria positive. The annual parasite incidence is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "5", "opb": "20", "opc": "0.5", "opd": "0.4", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "2663d800-f73b-44e0-8920-25817caf1c6f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Risk of damage to fetus by maternal rubella is maximum if mother gets infected in", "exp": "The risk of congenital malformations following infections by teratogenic organisms is maximum in first trimester, so the best option is 6-12 weeks.", "cop": 1, "opa": "6-12 weeks of pregnancy", "opb": "20-24 weeks of pregnancy", "opc": "24-28 weeks of pregnancy", "opd": "32-36 weeks of pregnancy", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "VBDs, Arboviral & Viral Infections, Surface Infections", "id": "4f7d4e9c-ce76-443c-b95c-2d7e9d953f8c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The time interval between the invasion of the infectious agent and the appearance of the first sign or symptom", "exp": "An infection becomes apparent only after a certain incubation period which is defined as the time interval between invasion by an epidemiological agent and the appearance of first sign or symptoms. During incubation period the infectious agent undergoes multiplication in the host.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Serial interval", "opb": "Quarantine", "opc": "Incubation period", "opd": "Period of infectivity", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "cacc185a-609c-45f0-8be8-f8f1d2ca197b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Category 'C' Bioterrorism agent among the following", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Plague", "opb": "Clostridium Perfringens", "opc": "Nipah virus", "opd": "Botulism", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c0d79257-5c51-4c69-b3f6-775cd1a7fe84", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The target group of IMNCI", "exp": "Integrated management of neonatal and childhood illness target is upto 5 yrs of age. Ref: PARK&;S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE 23rd edition pg 459", "cop": 1, "opa": "Upto 5 yrs", "opb": "Upto 10 yrs", "opc": "Upto 15 yrs", "opd": "Upto 20 yrs", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health programmes in India", "id": "392edf65-6a63-4826-997e-e1d4567670f3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Diagnosis criteria of Acute severe malnutrition does not include", "exp": "WHO Acute malnutrition criteria\n\nVisible severe wasting\nBipedal Edema\nWeight for height < 35D\nMid arm circumference < 115mm", "cop": 3, "opa": "Visible severe wasting", "opb": "Bipedal Edema", "opc": "Weight for height <25D", "opd": "Mid arm circumference < 115mm", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e096ff23-7fde-4a6c-b65a-f3f7605d7880", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The age and sex structure of a population can be described by a", "exp": "The age and sex structure of a population are best represented by &;age pyramid&;.Developing countries have a broad base and tapering top. Developed countries show a bulge in the middle and have a narrower base.Park 23e pg: 482", "cop": 3, "opa": "Life table", "opb": "Correlation coefficient", "opc": "Population pyramid", "opd": "Bar cha", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "364f9e9c-acb6-40cd-88a4-32ad7deb0dbc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Man in the only host for", "exp": "Obligate Host: Means the only host\n– Man in Measles\n– Man in Typhoid", "cop": 2, "opa": "Dracunculus medinensis", "opb": "Trichuris trichura", "opc": "Onchocerca volvolus", "opd": "Wuchereria bancrofti", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e248f41a-c40f-46b1-865a-ea0270a1985d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Congenital passive immunity is NOT found in", "exp": "(Rubella) (96, 168-Park 19fh) (97-140-Park 20th)Passive Immunity - when antibodies produced in one body (human or animal) are transferred to another to induce protection against disease* Body does not produce its own antibodies but depends upon ready- made antibodies(a) By administration of an antibody- containing preparation (immune globulin or antiserum)(b) By transfer of maternal antibodies across the placenta Human milk also contains protective antibodies (IgA)(c) By transfer of lymphocytes to induce passive cellular immunity - this procedure is still experimentalPassive immunity differs from active immunity in the following respects1. Immunity is rapidly established2. Immunity produced is only temporary (days to months till the antibody is eliminated from the body3. There is no education of the reticulo endothelial systemPoliomyelitis - The maternal antibodies gradually disappears during the first 6 months of life. Immunity following infection is fairly solid although re infection can occur since infection with one type does not protect completely against the other two types of viruses. Type 2 virus to be most effective antigens* Neutralizing antibody is widely recognized as an important index of immunity to polio after infection * *Mumps - Most infents below the age of 6 months are immune because of maternal antibodies* One attack clinical or subclinical is assumed to induce life -long immunity. Second attack can occure (132-Park 19th)Rubella - Infants of immune mothers are protected from 4 to 6 months**.* One attack gives life long immunity, secondary attack is rare- Transplacental (or vertical) transmission - TORCH agents (Toxoplasm, gondii, rubella virus, CMV and herpes virus) Varicella virus, syphilis, hepatitis, Coxsackie- B and AIDSActive immunity may be acquired1. Following clinical infection eg. Chickenpox, rubella, measles2. Following sub clinical or in apparent infections eg polio, Diptheria3. Following immunization with antigen which may be a killed, live attenevnted or toxoidMeasles (Rubeola) - Infant are protected by maternal antibodies upto 6 months of age or may persists 9 months. (127-P)", "cop": 3, "opa": "Polio", "opb": "Mumps", "opc": "Rubella", "opd": "Measles", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable Diseases", "id": "356d64ea-d8b2-40f4-9a07-6af02a03948c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Treatment for Filariasis is,", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Chloroquin", "opb": "Diethyl Carbamazine", "opc": "Tetracycline", "opd": "Praziquantel", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ee0c89ea-59fd-4d18-997d-655028606872", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A crowd obeying the orders of the leader is", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Mob", "opb": "Herd", "opc": "Band", "opd": "Crowd", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "60896276-9e16-4a0f-abff-f73744b783e2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "no of hours per day of work is expected from tribal ASHAs", "exp": "An accredited social health activist (ASHA) is a community health worker instituted by the government of India's Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) as a pa of the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM).. The mission began in 2005; full implementation was targeted for 2012. Once fully implemented, there is to be \"an ASHA in every village\" in India, a target that translates into 250,000 ASHAs in 10 states. ASHAs must primarily be female residents of the village that they have been selected to serve, who are likely to remain in that village for the foreseeable future. Married, widowed or divorced women are preferred over women who have yet to marry since Indian cultural norms dictate that upon marriage a woman leaves her village and migrates to that of her husband. ASHAs preference for selection is they must have qualified up to the tenth grade, preferably be between the ages of 25 and 45, and are selected by and accountable to the gram panchayat (local government). If there is no suitable literate candidate, these criteria may be relaxed Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed Pgno : 449", "cop": 3, "opa": "8", "opb": "6", "opc": "4", "opd": "2", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "f711f1ea-4d7c-46ae-a62a-068784d2b02a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Moderately hard water has hardness level", "exp": "Ref: 25th Ed K.Park's Textbook Of Preventive and Social Medicine Pgno : 763", "cop": 2, "opa": "<1", "opb": "3-Jan", "opc": "6-Mar", "opd": ">6", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "a23d4f30-6f96-467b-9e0b-0c21142f8c88", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The influence of maternal smoking and LBW incidence is studied. Detailed smoking history is taken at first antenatal visit and smoking history and birth weight were studied later. The type of study is", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Retrospective cohort study", "opb": "Cross sectional study", "opc": "Clinical trial", "opd": "Prospective cohort study", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "05dc164e-0277-4a50-8d88-6f4effededc4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A 70 kg farmer consumes 56g proteins, 60g lipids and 270g carbohydrates. He is consuming", "exp": "Farmer is Heavy worker, so the energy requirement per day 58kcal/kg/day\n\n\n\n1g of carbohydrate \n4.1kcal\n\n\n1g of proteins\n4.2 kcal\n\n\n1g of fat\n9.0kcal\n\n\n\nIn this question\n\n\n\n270g of carbohydrates\n= 270×4.1 = 1107kcal\n\n\n56g of proteins\n= 56 × 4.2 = 235 kcal\n\n\n60g of fats\n= 60 × 9 = 540 kcal\n\n\nTotal \n= 1882 kcal\n\n\n\nFarmer requires = 4060kcal/day\nHence, option (1) Less calories.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Less calories", "opb": "Adequate calories", "opc": "More calories", "opd": "Cannot be commented", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c3508c00-2668-40aa-8e00-14d5c9b5e2eb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Annual growth rate is", "exp": "When crude death rate is substracted from crude bih rate , the net residual is current annual growth rate, exclusive of migration. Population growth rates like railway trains are subject to momentum. They sta slowly and gains momentum, once in motion, it takes time to bring momentum under control. Reference: Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no: 481", "cop": 1, "opa": "Crude bih rate-Crude death rate", "opb": "Crude death rate-Crude bih rate", "opc": "Crude bih rate-Crude death rate x 100\\/Crude bih rate", "opd": "Crude bih rate-crude death rate x 100\\/Mid bih rate population", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "f2bc6d0c-22b5-4c84-a07c-6bd7a0f43e5e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The type of Diphtheria with highest mortality is", "exp": "Clinical manifestations of diphtheria \n1. Faucial (tonsillo pharyngeal) diphtheria\n\nIt is the commonest type of diphtherial infection.\nIncubation period is 2-5 days.\nPatients present with malaise, sore throat and moderate fever.\nA thick adherent pseudomnembrane (gray or white) is present on one or both tonsils or adjacent pharynx.\nDislodging the membrane is likely to cause bleeding.\nA small percentage of patients present with massive swelling of the tonsils and uvula with cervical lymphadenopathy (bull neck) and severe toxemia → Malignant diphtheria.\nSystemic toxicity (toxemia) is usually most severe when pseudomembrane extends from tonsil and pharynx (faucial diphtheria) to adjacent areas.\n\n2. Laryngeal diphtheria\n\nPresents as hoarseness and cough.\nIt is the most severe form of respiratory diphtheria.\nTrocheostomy may be required.\n\n3.Nasal diphtheria\n\nPresents with unilateral or bilateral nasal discharge.\nMildest form of respiratory diphtheria\n\n4. Cutaneous diphtheria\n\nCaused by nontoxigenic strains\nPresents as distinct \"punched out\" ulcers.\nMore common in tropical areas.\nOther less common type of diphtheria are conjunctiva, otitic, genital - (vulval, vaginal or prepucial), gastrointestinal.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Pharyngeal", "opb": "Nasal", "opc": "Laryngeal", "opd": "Conjuntival", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "53ce7653-2757-4761-91e8-c88b2b6a613e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "\"Lead time\" refers to the time between", "exp": "LEAD TIME is the advantage gained by screening, i.e., the period between diagnosis by early detection and diagnosis by other means. It is an impoant factor when evaluating the effectiveness of a specific test. Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 148", "cop": 4, "opa": "Disease onset and final critical diagnosis", "opb": "Disease onset and final possible point of detection", "opc": "First possible point of detection and final critical diagnosis", "opd": "First possible point of detection and usual time of diagnosis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "724a281a-0b71-42dc-8ebd-e1b43b382a53", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Treatment of choice for sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis detected in the I trimester of pregnancy is", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Defer treatment till II trimester", "opb": "Start Category I immediately", "opc": "Start Category II immediately", "opd": "Start Category III immediately", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ca1d05da-3056-489e-8f0f-8ea1ebbefcf2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Broca&;s index is", "exp": "The Broca Index, also known as the Broca formula was devised back in 1871 by the French physician, surgeon and anthropologist Paul Broca, as a measure of the normal weight of a person. Broca Index Normal Weight = Body Height - 100. Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 418", "cop": 2, "opa": "Weight minus 100", "opb": "Height minus 100", "opc": "height /weight", "opd": "Weight /height", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Non communicable diseases", "id": "be4c87f0-9b20-42c4-afa5-d4d8f12d58c4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Incubation period of chancroid is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Less than 7 days", "opb": "10-15 days", "opc": "2-3 weeks", "opd": "3-4 weeks", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ad730709-0b5b-4bcd-87d7-94843340172d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Living standard of people is best assessed by", "exp": "PQLI includes infant moality rate, life expectancy at age 1, and literacy. PQLI does not take income into account. Ref : Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition - Pgno 17", "cop": 3, "opa": "Infant Moality Rate", "opb": "Maternal Moality", "opc": "Physical Quality of Life Index", "opd": "Death Rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "83c5e9bf-6711-4699-870b-2ad89c043978", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Incubation period of vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis is", "exp": "Vaccine derived paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) : Develop paralytic polio after 4-30 days of administration of OPV Poliomyelitis among contacts of OPV : Develop within 7-60 days after exposure to recent OPV - recepient Ref: Human vital pathogens by Liu 1st edition Pgno : 79", "cop": 4, "opa": "1-2 hours.", "opb": "1-3 days", "opc": "7-10 days", "opd": "4-30 days", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "a737c620-d247-474e-88bc-6d508b0405e2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Epidemic typhus causes & vector", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "R. typhi & mite", "opb": "Rickettessia prowazki & louse", "opc": "R. conori & tick", "opd": "R. akari & mite", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e94ce67a-f83b-4d23-bef7-280dd78bd9d4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Midyear population is considered as that on", "exp": "The mid-year population is used to calculate bih and death rates. The mid-point refers to the population estimated as on first of July of a year.Park 23e pg: 55", "cop": 3, "opa": "1st June", "opb": "30th June", "opc": "1st July", "opd": "15th July", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "385555f1-a04d-45d8-8da8-5506f0542d9f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Natural history of disease can be studied from", "exp": "Longitudinal studies There is an increasing emphasis on the value of longitudinal studies in which observations are repeated in the same population over a prolonged period of time by means of follow-up examinations. Cross-sectional studieshave been likened to a photograph, and longitudinal studies to a cine film. Longitudinal studies are useful (i) to study the natural history of disease and its future outcome {ii) for identifying risk factors of disease, (iii) for finding out incidence rate or rate of occurrence of new cases of disease in the community. Longitudinal studies provide valuable information which the cross-sectional studies may not provide, but longitudinal studies are difficult to organize and more time-consuming than cross-sectional studies. Measurement can also be extended to health states and events. For example, the study of blood pressure levels in a population will reveal the normal values, rather than abnormal ones related to disease. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 69", "cop": 4, "opa": "Community trials", "opb": "Quasi-controlled trials", "opc": "Cross-sectional studies", "opd": "Longitudinal studies", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "f4eabb5c-5e61-4785-96ed-92f209599fde", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Second attack rate is minimum in", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Diphtheria", "opb": "TB", "opc": "Measles", "opd": "Whooping cough", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ed43f12e-372e-4e1c-b647-e3f13ea81ca2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Dutch cap is a", "exp": "Dutch cap is diaphragm which is used as a vaginal barrier The diaphragm is a shallow cup made of synthetic rubber or plastic material Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 495", "cop": 1, "opa": "Diaphragm", "opb": "Condom", "opc": "Vaginal sponge", "opd": "Vaginal ring", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "5cedf31d-fef7-4535-85f1-9115fd64bbae", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Compared with cow’s milk, mother’s milk has more", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Lactose", "opb": "Vitamin D", "opc": "Protein", "opd": "Fat", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "9a239450-58e2-478b-828c-4b62134c8649", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Years of life lost due to premature death and years lived with disability is known as", "exp": "DALY Number of years lost due to ill-health, disability or early death 1 DALY = 1yr of healthy life lost Ref : Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition - Pgno. 26", "cop": 2, "opa": "HALE", "opb": "DALY", "opc": "Sullivan's index", "opd": "HDI", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "4ee56b82-4319-49ee-a513-aec33a38abf2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Break bone fever", "exp": "(B) Dengue fever > After an incubation period of 2 to 7 days, the typical patient experiences the sudden onset of fever, headache, retroorbital pain, and back pain along with the severe myalgia that gave rise to the colloquial designation \"break-bone fever.\" There is often a macular rash on the first day as well as adenopathy, palatal vesicles, and scleral injection.> Illness may last a week, with additional symptoms usually including anorexia, nausea or vomiting, marked cutaneous hypersensitivity, and--near the time of defervescence--a maculopapular rash beginning on the trunk and spreading to the extremities and the face.> Epistaxis and scattered petechiae are often noted in uncomplicated dengue, and preexisting gastrointestinal lesions may bleed during the acute illness.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Typhoid fever", "opb": "Dengue fever", "opc": "Malignant fever", "opd": "Malaria", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "13d00ba0-357d-43ab-9fb5-c62752116bd7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Human development index doesn&;t include", "exp": "Human Development Index : It is a statistical composite index of These are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development", "cop": 1, "opa": "Mean years of schooling", "opb": "Health", "opc": "Education", "opd": "Living standards", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "03fd8299-9461-4c16-b455-8716bf6760db", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Social mobility is", "exp": "Social mobility Indian society is rigidly based on caste system. There is little social mobility, i.e., people do not change their caste or religion. In other words, Indian society is. a \"closed-class\" system. There are societies known as the \"open class societies\" where movement of the social ladder is unrestricted, on the basis of achievement or gaining wealth. Open class societies are therefore more progressive where people according to their ability can go up the social ladder. In closed-class systems, it is difficult to make reforms without meeting resistance of the people. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 725", "cop": 4, "opa": "From rural to urban areas", "opb": "Industrialization", "opc": "Interaction between cultures", "opd": "Movement in socio economic status", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Social science, Mental health & Genetics", "id": "7fcfcfc7-6f86-481d-a5bb-28100033b612", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The strain used in Mumps vaccine is", "exp": "The various strains used for Mumps include Jeryl-Lynn, RIT-4385, Leningrad-3, L-Zagreb and Urabe strains.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Jeryl Lynn", "opb": "Edmonston Zagreb", "opc": "RA 27/3", "opd": "Oka", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "National Immunization Schedule 2020-21", "id": "ec8069f4-4009-4099-bc14-760c074e034c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Study design of choice for finding out Diurnal variation of fat in Expressed breast milk (EBM) for preterm babies", "exp": "Diurnal variation- fat in Expressed Breast Milk- more in the evening as compared to the morning. To perform this study, we only need to take 2-3 samples in 1-2 days in an adequate sample size. Since this study is being performed at a paicular point in time, it is a CROSS SECTIONAL study. - CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY: Done at point of time, neither forward nor backward. Can't calculate strength of association. Gives prevalence Based on primary data . - Ambispective coho study: observations are bidirectional (past and future both) from the time point it begins.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Prospective coho", "opb": "Ambispective coho", "opc": "Case control", "opd": "Cross sectional", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "52aac52c-9825-4152-adaf-bbac83847547", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Period of sickness benefit given under ESI Act", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "41 days", "opb": "17 days", "opc": "91 days", "opd": "101 days", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "33d29145-1361-423b-9407-3ee80a60789e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Monday fever is associated with", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Bagassosis", "opb": "Silicosis", "opc": "Asbestosis", "opd": "Byssinosis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "8947e383-c9d6-464b-8a70-d60db9aed9b8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Persistent diarrhoea in infants", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "7 days", "opb": "1 month", "opc": "21 days", "opd": "14 days", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "5dd80728-1f03-4b58-9ea2-1f2c40848c40", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Provison of PHC was done by", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.e.,Bhore Committe Bhore CommitteIt is also known as 'Health Survey and Development Committee'. Its recommendations were :1) Integration of preventive and curative services at all administration levels2) Sho term and long term recommendationsSho term : PHC to cater to a population of 40,000Long term (3 million plan) : PHC units to be set up with 75 bedded hospital for each 10,000 to 20,000 population3) Major charger in medical education including 3 months training in social and preventive medicine to prepare 'social physicians'.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Bhore Committee", "opb": "Chadah Committee", "opc": "Shrivastava Committee", "opd": "Bajaj Committee", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "4c3e57b3-a083-48ad-94b9-57a768bbf837", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common heavy metal poisoning in the world", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Lead", "opb": "Arsenic", "opc": "Mercury", "opd": "Cadmium", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "f4a692e8-2156-44c7-b6ae-543a369d49ae", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Isolation period of hepatitis A is", "exp": "2 weeks", "cop": 2, "opa": "1 week", "opb": "2 weeks", "opc": "3 weeks", "opd": "4 weeks", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "25580ae1-aa72-41b4-b897-c199ceddd09a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Desk for student used is", "exp": "Minus desk", "cop": 2, "opa": "Plus desk", "opb": "Minus des", "opc": "Zero desk", "opd": "No desk", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "cb075159-d8f7-4857-ad4e-ab4c819e8514", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Soft water has hardness levels of", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.e., 50", "cop": 1, "opa": "50", "opb": "100", "opc": "150", "opd": "200", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "80782fc9-f37a-41c4-a3e8-3f9c6b2cf64f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Feature of slow sand filter", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Fit in a little space", "opb": "Filter is cleaned by back washing", "opc": "Can be handled by less killed person", "opd": "Used in Big cities", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "dd797033-59ce-4eab-accc-1744f5049f03", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Recommended minimum amount of Residual chlorine in drinking water is", "exp": "Free / Residual chlorine act | Chlorine + water | It combines with impurities and Sestroyes them by formation of hypochlorous acid | Which causes 90% of disinfection | After all impurities are destroyed we leave some Extra chlorine in the water | So that water remains safe and clean to drink for next 24 - 48 hrs. | This additional chlorine is known as free or residual chlorine Recommendation free residual chlorine - In drinking water >= 0.5 mg /L (ppm) - In swimming pools >= 1.0 mg / L - For killing cyclops >= 2.0 mg / L Chloroscope is use to estimate free / residual chlorine level - Test used is ohotulidire test", "cop": 2, "opa": "2 ppm", "opb": "0.5 ppm", "opc": "1.5 ppm", "opd": "4 ppm", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "JIPMER 2019", "id": "7be7ce41-9c7c-48cc-82ad-0a36f2a53af7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function is known as", "exp": "Impairment - Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function. Disability - Any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being. Handicap - A disadvantage for a given individual resulting from an impairment or a disability, that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role that is normal (depending on the age, sex, and social and cultural factors) for that individual. Ref: Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine,24th edition,Page no. 48", "cop": 3, "opa": "Disease", "opb": "Disability", "opc": "Impairment", "opd": "Handicap", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "90eef3fd-df8d-4616-9fca-08562f476239", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "'Twin Foified Salt' contains", "exp": "National Institute of Nutrition (Hyderabad) developed 'Twin Foified Salt' also known as 'Double Foified sat' DFS contains salt, potassium iodide, ferrous sulphate and Sodium hexa meta phosphate DFS provides 40 mcg Iodine and 1 mg Iron Per gram of salt Ref: Park 22nd edition Pgno : 597", "cop": 3, "opa": "Iodine +Fluorine", "opb": "Iodine + Calcium", "opc": "Iodine + Iron", "opd": "Iodine + Chlorine", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and health", "id": "89d1203e-a016-45e7-9c09-d73a5286e37e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Dependency ratio includes", "exp": "The propoion of persons above 65 years of age and children below 15 years of age are considered to be dependent on the economically productive age group. The ratio of the combined age groups 0-14 years plus 65 years and above to the 15-65 years age group is referred to as the total dependency ratio. Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition , pg no: 484", "cop": 2, "opa": "0 - 5 yrs age", "opb": "0 - 14 yrs age", "opc": "15 - 45 yrs age", "opd": "<65 yrs", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "a0edf240-f793-46b3-8dd2-3adf5e842567", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "First referral unit (FRU) is", "exp": "Level of health care Primary Secondary Teiary Status in INDIA First level of contact between population and health care system First referral level of health care Second referral level of health care Health services are delivered through Sub - centre, Primary Health Centre Community Health Centre , District Hospital Medical Colleges and Hospitals", "cop": 3, "opa": "Sub-centre", "opb": "PHC", "opc": "CHC", "opd": "Medical college and hospital", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Allied Health Sciences", "id": "7abc4d81-a624-4c90-a2b8-9668772d4fef", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Glycosylated hemoglobin reflects the mean blood glucose level of previous", "exp": "HBA1c :There should be an estimation of glycosylated haemoglobin at half yearly intervals. This test provides a long-term index of glucose control. This test provides a long-term index of glucose control. This test is based on the following rationale: glucose in the blood is complexed to a ceain fraction of haemoglobin to an extent propoional to the blood glucose concentration. The percentage of such glycosylated haemoglobin reflects the mean blood glucose levels during the red cell lifetime ( about the previous 2-3months ).Ref: Park; 23rd ed; Pg 396", "cop": 3, "opa": "15days", "opb": "1 month", "opc": "3 months", "opd": "6 months", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Non communicable diseases", "id": "a0ca49ab-b895-471e-be2a-014bc589e328", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "SIDA functions for", "exp": "Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) is assisting the National tuberculosis control programme. SIDA assistance is usually spent on procurement of supplies like X-ray unit, microscopes and anti-tuberculosis drugs.Park 23e pg: 924", "cop": 2, "opa": "Leprosy", "opb": "TB", "opc": "Blindness", "opd": "Agriculture", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health care of community & international health", "id": "d4193a0d-3237-4f8b-97e5-4d26ec4bcadd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Quality control agent for Sterilization in Autoclave", "exp": "Autoclaving Geobacillus stearothermophilus(GBS) Hydroclaving Bacillus subtilis Microwaving Bacillus atrophaeus Dry heat GBS or Bacillus atrophaeus", "cop": 3, "opa": "Bacillus subtilis", "opb": "Bacillus pumilus", "opc": "Bacillus stearothermophilus", "opd": "Bacillus globigi", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biomedical Waste Management", "id": "7e13f63b-98aa-4207-8227-45e3ae6aaabf", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "An early expanding stage is denoted by", "exp": "A nation passes through 5 stages of the demographic life cyclea)High stationary: High bih rate, High death rateb)Early expanding: Bih rate begins to decline, bih rate remains unchangedc)Late expanding: Death rate declines fuher, bih rate tends to fall (India Now)d)Fouh stage: Low bih and death rate e)Declining: Bih rate lower than the death ratePark 23e pg: 479", "cop": 4, "opa": "Decreased bih rate and decreased death rate", "opb": "Increased bih rate and increased death rate", "opc": "Decreased bih rate and increased death rate", "opd": "Unchanged bih rate and decreased death rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "810aafdb-9ef1-499e-86d1-43a1f9c3eaec", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Risk of failure of cold chain maintainance is more at", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "District hospitals", "opb": "PHCs", "opc": "Subcentre level", "opd": "CHCs", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "f73ac608-1b95-4c2e-b1f4-41fb909fe4bb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Chemoprophylaxis given in cholera", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Doxycyclin", "opb": "Azithromycin", "opc": "Erythromycin", "opd": "Tetracyclin", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "cd57e01d-6416-4e85-ab28-1e9e449183a5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Government (public) expenditure on health as percentage of GDP is", "exp": "Current India’s public health expenditure on health is 3.9% of GDP", "cop": 4, "opa": "1.2", "opb": "12", "opc": "0.12", "opd": "5", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "cb566129-59b7-4dee-99e5-4dd0f455af3e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Pearson's Skewness Coefficient is given BY", "exp": "SKEWNESS: * Is measure of asymmetry of a probability distribution of a random variable * Measures of skewness: - - Pearson's mode or First Skewness coefficient = (Mean - Mode) /SD - - Pearson's median or second Skewness coefficient = 3 (Mean - Median) /SD - - Quaile skewness = ( Q3-2Q2 + Q1)/Q3 - Q1", "cop": 1, "opa": "Mean-Mode /SD", "opb": "Mode-Mean/SD", "opc": "SD/Mean-Median", "opd": "SD/Median-Mean", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Normal Distribution, Skewed Distributions", "id": "c9429413-fa33-4f28-bf49-6f422bdc1ee0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Biological oxidation demand is determined by", "exp": "(D) Organic matter # Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is the amount of oxygen absorbed by a sample of sewage during a specified period at a specified temperature for the aerobic destruction or use of organic matter by living organisms. BOD > 300 mg/L is 'strong' sewage; BOD < 100 mg/L is 'weak' sewage. It is due to organic matter present in the sewage.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Sullage", "opb": "Suspended Solids", "opc": "Algae in water", "opd": "Organic matter", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "01a67942-1f32-4e80-bfe4-0a18719ed230", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The age and sex structure of a population may be described by a", "exp": "Population pyramid: (age-sex pyramid or age-structure diagram) Is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population which normally forms the shape of a pyramid\n\n– Double Histogram: 2 back-to-back histogram graphs\n1. one showing the number of males and\n2. one showing females in a particular population (Males are conventionally shown on left and females on right)\n– The population (%) is plotted on the X-axis and age on the Y-axis (in 5-year age group intervals)", "cop": 3, "opa": "Life table", "opb": "Correlation coefficient", "opc": "Population pyramid", "opd": "Bar chart", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "d730c889-c49d-4c26-838f-2c000ec62fb3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Quarantine period", "exp": "QUARANTINE Quarantine has been defined as \"the limitation of freedom of movement of such well persons or domestic animals exposed to communicable disease for a period of time not longer than the longest usual incubation period of the disease, in such manner as to prevent effective contact with those not so exposed\". Quarantine measures are also \"applied by a health authority to a ship, an aircraft, a train, road vehicle, other means of transpo or container, to prevent the spread of disease, reservoirs of disease or vectors of disease\" . Quarantine may comprise (a) absolute quarantine, as defined above; (b) modified quarantine, e.g., a selective paial limitation of freedom of movement, such as exclusionof children from school; (c) segregation which has been defined as \"the separation for special consideration, control of observation of some pa of a group of persons (or domestic animals) from the others to facilitate control 'of a communicable disease, e.g., removal of susceptible children to homes of immune persons\". In contrast to isolation, quarantine applies to restrictions on the healthy contacts of an infectious disease. Quarantine which was once a popular method of disease control has now declined in popularity. With better techniques of early diagnosis and treatment, quarantine, as a method of disease control, has become outdated. It has been replaced by active surveillance. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 120", "cop": 3, "opa": "Median incubation period", "opb": "Period of communicability", "opc": "Max. incubation period", "opd": "Min. incubation period", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "188ee95a-fa5a-49b1-9a45-23602d35efdc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Coho study is a type of", "exp": "Coho or follow up is a type of analytical study with individuals as a unit of the study. (refer pg no: 62, park 23 rd edition )", "cop": 2, "opa": "Clinical trial", "opb": "Analytic study", "opc": "Descriptive study", "opd": "Experimental study", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "52c58dd7-59ac-4670-a2aa-66fe0dfa6b8d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Population of  4000 people,the crude birth rate is 10 / 1000 population.calculate the number of pregnant females", "exp": "CBR  = 10 / 1000 population means number of live birth per 1000 population is 10.\nNumber of live births for 4000 population is 40 this implies number of pregnent females is 40. to this add 10% of pregnancy wastage , 44 is the answer.", "cop": 2, "opa": "40", "opb": "44", "opc": "54", "opd": "70", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e4bf76da-0c1b-4e55-a3f4-d8fe71a41f6c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Case control Study is", "exp": "(A) Backward study # Case-control is a type of epidemiological study design. Case-control studies are used to identify factors that may contribute to a medical condition by comparing subjects who have that condition (the 'cases') with patients who do not have the condition but are otherwise similar (the 'controls').> Case-control studies are a relatively inexpensive and frequently-used type of epidemiological study that can be carried out by small teams or individual researchers in single facilities in a way that more structured experimental studies often cannot be. They have pointed the way to a number of important discoveries and advances, but their retrospective-backward, non-randomized nature limits the conclusions that can be drawn from them.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Backward study", "opb": "Forward study", "opc": "Current study", "opd": "Feature study", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "8c99a6dd-c420-495a-b4ca-0e2bb9c44e09", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Sound intensity of whispering", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.e., 30 dB * Following are intensities when a person is at a distance of one meter from sound source.Whisper30 dBNormal conversation60 dBShout90 dBDiscomfort of ear120 dBPain in ear130 dB", "cop": 1, "opa": "30 dB", "opb": "60 dB", "opc": "90 dB", "opd": "120 dB", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and Health", "id": "fe01cf15-6a4e-42ee-bd65-fcad57e51fc7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Paris green kills", "exp": "Paris green Paris green or copper aceto-arsenite is an emerald green microcrystalline powder, practically insoluble in water but soluble in ammonia and concentrated acids. A good sample of paris green contains over 50 per cent of arsenious oxide. Paris green is a stomach poison. Till the advent of DDT, paris green was extensively used in the control of anopheline larvae, by spraying as a 2 per cent dust over breeding places once a week. The use of paris green was largely responsible for the eradication of A gambiae from Brazil in 1940, and the near-eradication of the same species in Egypt in 1944. Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno :821", "cop": 1, "opa": "Anopheles larva only", "opb": "Culex larva only", "opc": "Anopheles adult mosquito", "opd": "Culex adult mosquito", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "29002ea1-8e29-4d43-82e1-8800fe587639", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most effective approach for prevention of non communicable diseases", "exp": "Primordial prevention Primordial prevention, a new concept, is receiving special attention in the prevention of chronic diseases. This is primary prevention in its purest sense, that is, prevention of the emergence or development of risk factors in countries or population groups in which they have not yet appeared. For example, many adult health problems (e.g., obesity, hypeension) have their early origins in childhood, because this is the time when lifestyles are formed (for example, smoking, eating patterns, physical exercise). In primordial prevention, effos are directed towards discouraging children from adopting harmful lifestyles. The main intervention in primordial prevention is through individual and mass education. Ref: Park 23rd edition Pgno : 41", "cop": 3, "opa": "Primary prevention", "opb": "Specific protection", "opc": "Primordial prevention", "opd": "Secondary prevention", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Non communicable diseases", "id": "f56aeb2e-7c4d-4ef9-b6f7-cb1c6518c27c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Period between the possible time of detection and the possible time of diagnosis is", "exp": "Ans. a (Lead time) (Ref. Park's textbook of PSM 22nd/p 95)Lead Time# It is advantge gained by screening, i.e., period between diagnosis by early detection and diagnosis by other means.# It is period between the possible time of detection and possible time of diagnosis.Latent Period# Time between exposure to a risk factor and subsequent development of clinical manifestations of a particular disease.Sreening Time# Interval between first clinical detection and final critical point.Seriai Interval# Time gap between onset of primary and secondary case. It is the measure of incubation period.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Lead time", "opb": "Screening time", "opc": "Generation time", "opd": "Serial interval", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Screening for Disease", "id": "8c70b474-32cd-418d-a31c-542ebeeba7d8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A 3 year old male child came to casualty with a bat bite on face.Categorize the wound for rabies post exposure prophylaxis", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed pg.305", "cop": 3, "opa": "Category 1", "opb": "Category 2", "opc": "Category 3", "opd": "Category 4", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "73989998-5676-4b09-a9c8-475f84a41295", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Eicosapentaenoic acid is richly found in", "exp": "Ans) b (Fish oil) Ref park 20th ed p 529Eicosapentaenoic acid is an essential fatty acidEFAare those that cannot be synthesized by humans. They can be derived only from food. The most importantEFA is linoleic acid, which serves as a basis for the production of other EFAsEicosapentaenoic acid is seen in fish oil (10%). It is a direct pick from the table showing dietary sources of EFAs.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Ground nut oil", "opb": "Fish oil", "opc": "safflower oil", "opd": "sunflower oil", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and Health", "id": "4424bc12-2512-4a29-a529-710ff4b9ae5b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Calculate the Ponderal index of a baby of weight 2000gm and length 50 cm at Bih", "exp": "Ponderal Index (PI) Weight (in grams) x 100 PI = ------------------------------------------------ (Length in cm) 3 So, 2000x 100/(50)3=2,00,000/1,25,000=1.6. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 399", "cop": 1, "opa": "1.6", "opb": "2.2", "opc": "2.6", "opd": "2", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "19bcc245-c653-469a-b240-2efcefa69d63", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The limiting amino acid in wheat is", "exp": "(Lysine & threonine) (497 - Park 19th) (543-Park 20th)* WHEAT - limiting amino acid is lysine and threonine* MAIZE - Deficient in tryptophan and some strains excess of leucine* CEREALS - Deficient amino acid is lysine* RICE - Rice protein richer in lysine", "cop": 2, "opa": "Alanine & threonine", "opb": "Lysine & threonine", "opc": "Zero desk", "opd": "Tyrosine & Methionine", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and Health", "id": "b22a9a36-8b04-4549-8b54-81c3a3282895", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Does not include in strand field's \"seven I\" principles of health education", "exp": "\"SEVEN I\" principle of strandfield :\n\nIdentification.\nIndigenization.\nInvolvement.\nIndoctrination.\nIntegration.\nInfluencess.\nInnovation.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Identification", "opb": "Involvement", "opc": "Implementation", "opd": "Innovation", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6839663b-84df-4318-aaef-99078a1ee7b7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The term &;social medicine&; was first introduced by", "exp": "The term social medicine was first introduced by jules Guerin ,a french physician in 1848. Ref : Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition", "cop": 3, "opa": "John Snow", "opb": "David Morley", "opc": "Jules Guerin", "opd": "C.E.A. Winslow", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "a30ee3b2-2c53-4a71-b181-14ac613af232", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Inclusion conjunctivitis is caused by", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Klebsiella species", "opb": "Chlamydia trachomatis", "opc": "Adeno virus", "opd": "Mycobacterium Leprae", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "307b9572-4f67-4f0f-bac5-50d68e0d295d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Exposure to cotton dust in a textile factory causes", "exp": "(B) Byssinosis # Byssinosis is an asthma-like disorder in textile workers caused by inhalation of cotton dust, pathogenesis is obscure> Chest tightness, cough, and dyspnea are characteristically worse on Mondays or the first day back at work, with symptoms subsiding later in the week, repeated exposure leads to chronic bronchitis. Also called as Monday Morning Asthma> Byssinosis is due to inhalation of cotton fibre dust over long period of time.> The symptoms are chronic cough and progressive dyspnoea, ending in chronic bronchitis and emphysema.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Bagassosis", "opb": "Byssinosis", "opc": "Anthracosis", "opd": "Silicosis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "84cb690a-165f-4204-8c00-e67ca3935cd3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In calculating RDA for a particular nutrient, 2 SD are not added for", "exp": "Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA): Is a level of intake corresponding to Mean + 2 Standard Deviation, which covers requirement of 97.5 % of population\n\nRDA is safe level of intake which is likely to be inadequate in not more than 2.5 % population\nRDA 'safe level approach' is NOT USED FOR ENERGY since excess energy intake is undesirable; For energy only mean or average requirement is defined as RDA.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Iron", "opb": "Calcium", "opc": "Energy", "opd": "Vitamin A", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "5a4f88f9-65f3-4ff9-895e-15489f42df9c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Population genetics is related with", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Mandelian law", "opb": "watson anc Crick model", "opc": "Hardy Weinberg law", "opd": "weigert Meyer rule", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "825d32d6-abbb-47d4-9086-e10f0809ae61", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not a pa of Kangaroo Mother Care", "exp": "Ref:Park's Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th ed", "cop": 4, "opa": "Skin to skin contact", "opb": "Exclusive breast feeding", "opc": "Early discharge", "opd": "Nutritional supplements", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics", "id": "4575082f-0020-40f0-bd59-6492ae1048bb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The incubation period for polio is", "exp": "The incubation period of Polio is 7 to 14 days (Range 3-35 days)In 91-96% there is inapparent (subclinical) infectionIn 4-8% Aboive polio or minor illnessIn 1% Non-paralytic polioIn less than 1% paralytic polio occursPark 23e pg: 205", "cop": 2, "opa": "3 - 7 days", "opb": "7 - 14 days", "opc": "2 - 3 weeks", "opd": "1 - 2 years", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "f35b6a02-d8d3-47ca-a110-f94e222e5cd4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The method of choice of tuberculosis detection mass screening is", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Tuberculin test", "opb": "Sputum smear examination by direct microscopy", "opc": "Mass Miniature Radiography (MMR)", "opd": "Sputum culture", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "0ba60ebc-9c92-405e-8bb8-fb39ad029dd7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Child survival index is calculated by", "exp": "Ref:Park's Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th ed", "cop": 3, "opa": "1000-IMR/100", "opb": "IMR-1000/10", "opc": "1000-U5MR/10", "opd": "U5MR-1000/10", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics", "id": "4d06c304-c67e-4143-9ede-4f1ed5031c75", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Shoest incubation period is seen with", "exp": "Influenza has an incubation period of 18 to 72 hours Incubation period of :- Hepatitis A : 10 to 50 days Hepatitis B : 30 to 180 days Rubella : 2 to 3 weeks Ref : Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition", "cop": 1, "opa": "Influenza", "opb": "Hepatitis B", "opc": "Hepatitis A", "opd": "Rubella", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "04f211c9-553b-4414-8d87-7efcc96cfce4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Malaria is transmitted by", "exp": "Ans. a (Female anopheles mosquito). (Ref. Park, PSM, 17th/pg.l94)TRANSMISSION OF MALARIA IS BY THREE MODES:# Vector transmission--by female anopheline mosquito# Direct--IM, IV, blood transfusion, drug addicts# CongenitalEducational point:# Blood transfusion of a person in endemic region and who has had malaria should not be accepted as donor until 3 years later.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Female anopheles mosquito", "opb": "Male anopheles mosquito", "opc": "Culex mosquito", "opd": "Aedes mosquito", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable Diseases", "id": "bb9c874e-a49d-4e44-896d-905189fe3653", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Presence of infectious arthropod agent on clothes or dressing is termed", "exp": "Infection: Entry of organism and its multiplication and/or development in host\nInfestation: Lodgement, development and reproduction of arthropods on surface of body or clothes\nContamination: Presence of infectious organism on body or in clothings/beds/ toys/surgical instruments/dressings/ in-animate objects\nContagion: Transmission of disease from one person to another by direct or indirect contact", "cop": 1, "opa": "Contamination", "opb": "Infestation", "opc": "Infection", "opd": "Contagion", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e5e4d9d3-6bf7-43fa-89d2-d3132516f882", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Lecture method is type of", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Visual communication", "opb": "Formal communication", "opc": "Socratic method", "opd": "Dialectic method", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "187c9079-d8b2-438a-9a75-c7245e814c06", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "\"Critical path\" in network analysis is", "exp": "Critical path method: the longest path of the network is called critical path. If any activity along the path is delayed, the entire project will be delayed.Park 23e pg: 872", "cop": 4, "opa": "Most expensive path in a network", "opb": "Congested path in a network", "opc": "Shoest path in a network", "opd": "Longest path in a network", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health education & planning", "id": "e10d4882-3acd-4553-a151-d031221ca71e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Impoant indicator for socioeconomic health", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed", "cop": 4, "opa": "Maternal moality rate", "opb": "Perinatal moality rate", "opc": "Under 5 moality rate", "opd": "Infant moality rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics", "id": "6a4bb1f5-3b59-4747-be4b-f42ef2293cfa", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "World Tuberculosis day", "exp": "World Tuberculosis Day, observed on 24 March each year, is designed to build public awareness about the global epidemic of tuberculosis and effos to eliminate the disease. Ref :", "cop": 2, "opa": "March 1st", "opb": "March 24th", "opc": "April 1st", "opd": "April 24th", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "05ce5809-3ac5-45eb-9839-69b70d1b07b8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Iron is maximum in", "exp": "Ans. is 'c' i.e., Meat", "cop": 3, "opa": "Pista", "opb": "Cashewnut", "opc": "Meat", "opd": "Milk", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "29e28b81-8db2-455f-b075-21608e3db798", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Chemoprophylaxis for meningococcal meningitis", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Ampicillin", "opb": "Rifampicin", "opc": "Tetracycline", "opd": "Erythromycin", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "9a9b0a5b-9663-419f-bfea-d68fc26d0a1e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Z score criteria applicable to", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Chi-sqare test", "opb": "skewed deviation", "opc": "Normal distribution", "opd": "Paired’t’ test", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "1da4bd66-2e20-4907-ba82-5dc63092814c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Deficit in weiught fo height in a 3 year old child indicates", "exp": "Ref:Park's Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th ed", "cop": 1, "opa": "Acute malnutrition", "opb": "Chronic malnutrition", "opc": "Concomitant acute and chronic", "opd": "Underweight", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics", "id": "87dc2eee-92dc-43ca-94f9-e4a92e142386", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Zika virus is transmitted through", "exp": "Zika virus disease is caused by a virus transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes, which bite during the day. Symptoms are generally mild and include fever, rash, conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, malaise or headache. Symptoms typically last for 2-7 days. Most people with Zika virus infection do not develop symptoms. Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause infants to be born with microcephaly and other congenital malformations, known as congenital Zika syndrome. Infection with Zika virus is also associated with other complications of pregnancy including preterm bih and miscarriage. An increased risk of neurologic complications is associated with Zika virus infection in adults and children, including Guillain-Barre syndrome, neuropathy and myelitis. Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed Pg.301", "cop": 2, "opa": "Anopheles mosquito", "opb": "Aedes mosquito", "opc": "Culex mosquito", "opd": "Fruit fly", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "21fcd90a-62a2-40e8-9857-1ffc9ff8d32b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Silicosis occurs with", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Cotton", "opb": "Silica fibres", "opc": "Sugarcane fibres", "opd": "Carbon particles", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c924a651-b846-4881-8f86-f249e7be0ad2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Herd immunity is not seen in", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Polio", "opb": "Tetanus", "opc": "Measles", "opd": "Diphtheria", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "776e7f99-622f-4e7b-b5a9-f3a3d2deebfd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Presumptive count includes", "exp": "Presumptive coliform test\n\nIn presumptive coliform test the most probable number of all coliform organisms (not only E.coh) are counted → Presumptive coliform count.\n\nThe methods are : -\n\nMultiple tube method\nMembrane filtration technique.\n\n\nAfter analysing presumptive coliforrn count, E.coli count is confirmed by other tests, e.g., by Eijkman test or indole production..", "cop": 2, "opa": "No E. Coli", "opb": "Coliform but not only E.", "opc": "Gram negative bacilli", "opd": "Any bacteria", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "104ef788-edc8-45e0-8ef2-a2ad76c38e27", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Sullivan's index indicates", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.e., Life free of disability Sullivan's index Sullivan's index is the expectation of life free of disability. It is computed by subtracting from the life expectancy the probable duration of bed disability and inability to perform major activities. Sullivan's index = life expectancy-- Duration ofbed disability & Inability to perform minor work It is a direct indicator of health and well being in a community. t is one of the most advanced health indicators currently available.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Life free of disability", "opb": "Pregnancy rate per HW", "opc": "Hook worm eggs/gm of stool", "opd": "Standard of living", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "0a03de3f-15a8-4ba7-9213-059b3ed3bce2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "New RNTCP initiative for Tuberculosis surveillance using case based web based IT system is", "exp": "(A) NIKSHAY[?]REVISED NATIONAL TUBERCUIOSIS CONTROL PROGRAMME (RNTCP)oIn 1993, in order to overcome these lacunae, the Government of India decided to give a new thrust to TB control activities by revitalizing the NTP, with the assistance from international agencies.oThe Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP) thus formulated, adopted the internationally recommended Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) strategy, as the most systematic and cost-effective approach to revitalize the TB control programme in India.oPolitical and administrative commitment, to ensure the provision of organized and comprehensive TB control services was obtained. Adoption of smear microscopy for reliable and early diagnosis was introduced in a decentralized manner in the general health services. DOTS was adopted as a strategy for provision of treatment to increase the treatment completion rates.oSupply of drugs was also strengthened to provide assured supply of drugs to meet the requirements of the system.oThe objectives of the RNTCP are:1. Achievement of at least 85 per cent cure rate of infectious cases of tuberculosis; through DOTS involving peripheral health functionaries; and2. Augmentation of case finding activities through quality sputum microscopy to detect at least 70 per cent of estimated cases.[?]New InitiativesoThe RNTCP has completed the feasibility study of introducing GeneXpert in RNTCP in 18 Tuberculosis Units in 12 states. RNTCP is currently using CB NAAT for the diagnosis of tuberculosis and MDT-TB in high risk population like HIV positive and paediatric groups.[?]NIKSHAY:oThe word is combination of two Hindi words NI and KSHAY meaning eradication of tuberculosis.owww.nikshav.gov.inNIKSHAY () is a web enabled application, which facilitates monitoring of universal access to TB patients data by all concerned.oTB surveillance using case based web based IT system-Central TB Division in collaboration with National Informatics Centre has undertaken the initiative to develop a case based web based application named Nikshay.-This software was launched in May 2012 and has following functional components.-Master management-User details-TB Patient registration and details of diagnosis, DOT provider, HIV status, follow-up, contact tracing, outcomes.-Details of solid and liquid culture and DST, LPA, CBNMT details.-DR-TB patient registration with details.-Referral and transfer of patients.-Private health facility registration and TB notification.-Mobile application for TB notification.-SMS alerts to patients on registration.-SMS alerts to programme officers.-Automated periodic reports: a. Case finding; b. Sputum conversion; c. Treatment outcome.ObjectivesAchievementsPromoting real time TB surveillance64425 notified TB Patients (up to 20.02.2014) in NikshayMinimizing patient default rate222 private health facilities have been registered & 908 TB patients notified by themLinking TB database with UIDOther Options[?]NIRBHAYA: Fund can be utilized for projects for women safety & security. Central Government ministry of women & child development is the nodal authority for appraising recommend the proposal schemes to be funded under Nirbhaya scheme.[?]Nischay-Home based pregnancy test kits- (PTKs) was launched under NRHM in 2008 across the country.oThe PTKs are being made available at sub-centres and to the ASHAs to facilitate the early detection and decision making for the outcomes of pregnancy.[?]Electronic DOT (eDOT) is an alternative method to in-person DOT in which a patient is remotely observed (E.g., over a smartphone) taking his or her TB medication", "cop": 1, "opa": "NIKSHAY", "opb": "NISCHAY", "opc": "E-DOTS", "opd": "NIRBHAYA", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health Programmes in India", "id": "b9812cd1-dff6-4d13-bde3-b3e1c363e3d9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Probability of a person with positive test result having the disease is given by", "exp": "Sensitivity:- It is defined as the ability of a test to identify correctly all those who have the disease (True positives) Specificity:- It is defined as the ability of a test to identify correctly those who do not have the disease (True Negatives) Diagnostic power of the test . Positive predictive value:- Indicates the probability of a person with a positive test result having the disease. It depends on sensitivity, specificity of the test and prevalence of the disease. It is directly propoional with the prevalence of the disease. Negative predictive value:- Probability a person with a negative test result not having the disease Ref:- K Park, 24th ed; pg num:- 149-150", "cop": 2, "opa": "Negative predictive value", "opb": "Positive predictive value", "opc": "Sensitivity", "opd": "Specificity", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "7f6b6013-4319-4a38-8381-e242724b3453", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "MCH care is assessed by", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Death rate", "opb": "Birth rate", "opc": "Maternal mortality rate", "opd": "Anemia in pregnancy", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6e70cf01-216b-4e94-9bf7-201be5548d4e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Under the national population policy 2000, it is aimed to reduce the maternal moality ratio to below", "exp": "Reduce the infant moality rate to below 30 per 1,000 live bihs;Reduce the maternal moality ratio to below 100 per 100,000 live bihs", "cop": 1, "opa": "100 per 1,00,000 live bihs", "opb": "200 per 1,00,000 live bihs", "opc": "300 per 1,00,000 live bihs", "opd": "500 per 1,00,000 live bihs", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health education & planning", "id": "84317fea-a963-44df-bb8b-966d482a8470", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Disease rate is", "exp": "Attack rate (case rate or diesease rate):it is an incidence rateusually expressed in percentused only when population is exposed to risk for a limited period of time such as during an epidemicattack rate = (no. of new cases of a specified disease during a specified time interval / total population at risk during the same interval) x 100ref: Park&;s 23rd edition pg 61", "cop": 4, "opa": "Risk of susceptibility", "opb": "Prevalence rate", "opc": "Time period in a calendar year", "opd": "Disease occurrence in a specified time period", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "bc5c7a2c-259f-475b-9b85-aae908b91038", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "After applying a statistical test, an investigator gets the ‘P value’ as 0.01. it means that", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "The probability of finding a significant difference is 1%", "opb": "The probability of declaring a significant difference is 1%", "opc": "The difference is not significant 1% times and significant 99% times", "opd": "The power of the test used is 99%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "5c9eaa00-66ed-4bee-8d1f-f838d2dd5170", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Certificate for vaccination during international travel is required in case of", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Japanese Encephalitis", "opb": "Cholera", "opc": "Yellow fever", "opd": "Yellow severe and Cholera", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "72a26e33-de24-4f7a-9066-fe2f1e9bb3d7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Belief is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Temporary", "opb": "Provisional", "opc": "Permanent", "opd": "Objective in nature", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "262ad345-575b-44f2-badc-7a6067418777", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Dose of Nevirapine to Newborn for Prevention of Mother to child transmission of HIV is", "exp": "Bih Weight NVP daily dose(in mg) NVP daily dose(in ml) Duration Infants with bih weight <2000gm 2 mg/kg once daily 0.2 ml/kg once daily Upto 6 weeks irrespective of exclusively breast fed or exclusive replacement fed Bih weight 2000 -2500gm 10 mg once daily 1 ml once daily Bih weight more than 2500gm 15 mg once daily 1.5 ml once daily", "cop": 1, "opa": "2 mg/ kg", "opb": "5 mg/kg", "opc": "10 mg/kg", "opd": "20 mg/kg", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "NPCBVI, NACP", "id": "2337c6f6-f686-4ef2-b6fe-456df6c39e42", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Waste water from kitchen is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Savage", "opb": "Compost", "opc": "Sewage", "opd": "Hog feeding", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "7de3dfbd-cf54-4113-91c5-d577d2ee7660", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Janani Suraksha Yojana includes", "exp": "JANANI SURAKSHA YOJANA:- Launched on 12th April 2005. Objectives- To reduce maternal moality and infant moality through encouraging delivery at health institutions, and focus on institutional care among women in below povey line families. Salient features: 100% centrally sponsored scheme. Under NRHM, it integrates cash assistance with institutional care during antenatal, delivery and immediate postpaum care. The benefit is given to all women, both rural and urban, belonging to below povey line household and aged 19 years and above, upto first two live bihs. In low-performing states, the benefit will be extended to the third child if the mother chooses to undergo sterilization in the health facility where she delivered, immediately after delivery. ASHA worker acts as a link health worker between poor pregnant women and public sector health institution. Reference-park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no.455", "cop": 2, "opa": "Tetanus immunization", "opb": "Institutional deliveries", "opc": "Iron supplementaion", "opd": "Aboions", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health programmes in India", "id": "de74bd21-49b1-4d43-b6f5-8d5a7fa67f2b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Virulence of a disease is indicated by", "exp": "CASE FATALITY RATIO Case fatality rate represents the killing power of a disease. It is simply the ratio of deaths to cases. The time interval is not specified. Case fatality rate is typically used in acute Infectious diseases (e.g., food poisoning, cholera, measles). Its usefulness for chronic diseases is limited, because the period from onset to death is long and variable. The case fatality rate for the same disease may vary in different epidemics because of changes in the agent, host and environmental factors. Case fatality is closely related to virulence. Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 66", "cop": 4, "opa": "Specific moality rate", "opb": "Propoional moality rate", "opc": "Amount of GDP spent on the disease", "opd": "Case fatality ratio", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and health", "id": "05af265a-d283-43b7-bd13-4bda133c6efa", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Causative toxin for endemic ascites is", "exp": "It was noticed in the Kusmi block of Sarguja district of Madhya Pradesh during the years 1973 and 1976. There was an outbreak of rapidly progressing ascites and jaundice among the tribals. Moality rate was 40%. Investigation by the National Institute of Nutrition concluded that this outbreak was due to intake of Millet seeds contaminated with Crotalaria seeds which form their main diet. Crotalaria occured as a weed in areas of millet (Panicum miliare) cultivation. Crotalaria seeds contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids which are hepatotoxic. The methods suggested for preventing this were deweeding of farmlands and seiveing of millet seeds before use, as Crotalaria seeds were much smaller Ref : internet", "cop": 3, "opa": "Ergot", "opb": "Aflatoxin", "opc": "Pyrrolizidine", "opd": "Beta-oxylamino-alanine", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "6b3bdef1-e03c-4810-8836-31a1f7c09d40", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Lecture Method of teaching is a type of", "exp": "Flow of communication is one way\n– from communicator to audience\n– Disadvantages of one way communication:\n- Knowledge is imposed and learning authoritative\n- Little audience participation and no feedback\n- Does not influence human behaviour\n- Makes no attempt at removing misconceptions and misunderstandings\n- Communicates message even if unintelligible or unacceptable - Autocratic process", "cop": 3, "opa": "Socratic Method", "opb": "Non-verbal communication", "opc": "Didactic Method", "opd": "Visual Communication", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "a8ab1640-5221-40eb-abba-ff0b3b49b8e8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Rickettsial agent of Epidemic typhus isRickettsial agent of Epidemic typhus is", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "R. canorii", "opb": "R. typhi", "opc": "R. tsutsugamushi", "opd": "R. prowazekii", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "fad2d758-8984-4443-9ce0-ac020c557282", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Calculate degree of freedom Material Location X Y Glass 8 23 Cupboard 56 3 Metal 1 14", "exp": "Degree of freedom = (C-1) (R-1) Given rows = 3 ; columns = 2 DOF = (2-1) (3-1) = 1x2 = 2", "cop": 2, "opa": "1", "opb": "2", "opc": "3", "opd": "4", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Central tendency, Dispersion", "id": "057c1ee3-f001-4deb-836d-9eb3114b4c26", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "First requisite before conducting an interview is", "exp": "Steps of interview: Establishing contact: First requisite before conducting an interview Staing an interview Securing rappo Recall Probe questions Encouragement Guiding the interview Closing the interview Repo Ref: Park 25th edition &; pgno: 732", "cop": 3, "opa": "Securing rappo", "opb": "Probe questions", "opc": "Establishing contact", "opd": "Guiding the interview", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Social science, Mental health & Genetics", "id": "ead00266-ea24-40bc-b84e-e113daa17ae7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Antisera is obtained from", "exp": "Antisera (Antitoxins): Materials prepared in animals; non-human sources like horses", "cop": 2, "opa": "Guinea pig", "opb": "Horse", "opc": "Rat", "opd": "Rabbit", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "5d2fb436-836b-4b97-bc95-a25f2d88c742", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Under National Program for Control of Blindness, District blindness control society is headed by", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "District program manager", "opb": "District collector", "opc": "District eye surgeon", "opd": "District health officer", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "31054f53-75db-4260-b3ca-2654985f72c4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Health promotion includes", "exp": "Ref: 25th Ed K.Park's Textbook Of Preventive and Social Medicine", "cop": 4, "opa": "PAP smear", "opb": "Mass treatment", "opc": "Immunization", "opd": "Health education", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health education & planning", "id": "72df8aeb-89c9-4f3b-bd7a-1050e6a3cc06", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Hepatitis A virus shedding in faeces is", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "One week before the symptoms appear", "opb": "Two weeks after the symptoms appear", "opc": "One week before the symptoms and one week thereafter", "opd": "Two weeks before the symptoms and two week thereafter", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c31211a0-71b3-44de-99fa-d8ef79bfaa24", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Treatment of lepromatous leprosy is", "exp": "Ans. c (Rifampicin + Dapsone + Clofazimine); (Ref. Park PSM 22nd/pg. 296)Recommended regimens of chemotherapy for Leprosy in adultsFORM OF LEPROSYMORE INTENSIVE REGIMENWHO RECOMMENDED REGIMENLepromatous(multibacillary)Rifampin (600 mg/d) for 3 years plus dapsone (100 mg/d) indefinitelyDapsone (100 mg/d self-administered) plus clofazimine (300 mg once monthly for 1-2 yrs supervised; and 50 mg/d self-adm); and rifampin (600 mg once monthly undersupervision). Note: Clofazimine is unacceptable owing to discoloration of the skin, its replacement by 250-375 mg self-adm daily ethionamide or propionamide has been suggested.Tuberculoid (paucibacillary)Dapsone (100 mg/d) for 5 years Dapsone (100 mg/d, unsupervised) plus rifampin(600 mg/month, supervised) for 6 months.# ******** Duration of Rx for Multibacillary leprosy = MB blisterpacks for 12 months, within 18 months.# ******* Duration of Rx for Paucibacillary leprosy = PB blisterpacks for 6 months, within 9 months# ******Rifampin is considered the most active agent for the treatment of leprosy.# *****Dapsone inhibits bacterial folic acid synthesis & is now considered the second most active drug (after rifampin) in the treatment of leprosy.# ****Clofazimine is useful in treating dapsone-resistant leprosy and may lessen the severity of ENL.# ***Thalidomide is now approved by the FDA for treatment of ENL. This drug is sedating and extremely teratogenic and should never be taken by anyone who is or may become pregnant.# **Ethionamide with rifampin (600 mg/d) is used to treat dapsone-resistant leprosy for who cannot accept the skin- pigmentation of clofazimine.# The newer macrolide antibiotics (particularly clarithromycin), minocycline (a long-acting tetracycline), and a number of fluoroquinolones (including ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and pefloxacin) have shown promising bactericidal activity against M. leprae. Ofloxacin and minocycline are being investigated with rifampin in short-course regimens for lepromatous disease.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Rifampicin + Dapsone", "opb": "Rifampicin + Clofazimine", "opc": "Rifampicin + Dapsone + Clofazimine", "opd": "Rifampicin + Ofloxacin + Minocycline", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable Diseases", "id": "e8bf4b11-43e8-4f51-842c-deffb5daeda2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Phlebotomus argentipes is killed by", "exp": "DDT (Dichloro-diphenyl-tricholoro ethane) Organo-chlorine Synthesized by Zeidler (1874); Insecticidal propeies discovered by Noble prize winner Paul Miller (1939) Techincal DDT : 70-80% para-para isomer (most active form) Mechanism of action : Contact (Nerve) poison (hours to kill) (Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor) DDT had 'No repellant action' but 'redidal action for 18 months' Dosage : 100-200 mg per sq.ft Sandflies (phlebotamus) has not demonstrated resistance to DDT Ref : Park 25th edition Pgno : 812-813", "cop": 2, "opa": "Malathion", "opb": "DDT", "opc": "BHC", "opd": "Pyrethrum", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "b39daf5b-1fec-402e-a4e9-2fab89797592", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Measure of communicability of a disease", "exp": "Secondary attack rate : SAR is defined as “the number of exposed persons developing the disease within the range of incubation period, following exposure to primary case. SAR = No of exposed persons developing disease within the range of the incubation period ——(Total number of exposed/susceptible contact) x 100\nThe important features of SAR are:-\n\nThe primary case is excluded from both the numerator and denominator.\nDenominator is restricted to susceptible contacts of primary case.\nIn denominator, person should be susceptible → Immune person (to disease) are not susceptible to develop the disease, So they are excluded.\nDisease should develop within the range of incubation period.\n\nSAR is an important measure of communicability. Higher secondary attack rate means, more numbers of susceptible contacts are developing the disease after exposure to primary case.\nSo, higher the SAR higher is the communicability (infectiousness) of disease.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Case fatality rate", "opb": "Secondary attack rate", "opc": "Sullivan index", "opd": "Incubation period", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "5e96491a-7dd7-4bdd-9429-541ac69e2c96", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "40 years old Bank officer was told to be having illeocecal Tuberculosis (Bovine after thorough investigation. He told the physician that he had no body infected with tuberculosis in the family, but he was told by the Doctor that he acquired this infection from", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Infected milk", "opb": "Infected client", "opc": "Contaminated vessel", "opd": "Polluted water", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "f8178500-65f3-46c7-b3a3-ff3f24027bac", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Effective to change health behaviour and attitudes of people", "exp": "Group discussion is considered a very effective method of health communication. It permits the individuals to learn by freely exchanging their knowledge, ideas and opinions. Where long-term compliance is involved (cessation of smoking) group discussion is considered valuable. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 680", "cop": 2, "opa": "Workshop", "opb": "Group discussion", "opc": "Panel discussion", "opd": "Demonstration", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Social science, Mental health & Genetics", "id": "123447d1-ac99-4149-9dcc-8ba1abb25d3e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Toxin causing endemic ascites", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "BOAA", "opb": "Pyrrolizidine alkaloids", "opc": "Aflatoxin", "opd": "Sanguinarine", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c195beab-20a8-4bcc-8527-84b9349968e3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Purest water in nature is", "exp": "Rain : Is the prime source of all water and is the ‘purest form of water in nature.’\nChemically, it is very soft water : contains traces (0.0005%) of solids Gibraltar depends on rain water as a source of supply.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Rain water", "opb": "River water", "opc": "Deep well", "opd": "Impounding reservoirs", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "800c7cce-ebd0-4fa4-b8da-498e88164f31", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Pharmaceutical waste includes", "exp": "Pharmaceutical waste: Pharmaceuticals that are expired or no longer needed; Items containing or contaminated by pharmaceuticals.Genotoxic waste: Waste containing substances with genotoxic propeies Ex: cytostatic drugs (often used in chemotherapy)Chemical waste: Lab reagents, film developer, solvents, disinfectants Park 23e pg: 789", "cop": 2, "opa": "Waste containing body pas, blood, and other body fluids", "opb": "Waste containing expired pharmaceuticals", "opc": "Waste containing chemical substances", "opd": "Waste containing cytostatic drugs", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Hospital waste and disaster management, Occupational health", "id": "9f41b4da-d1c9-4fbb-9019-8982d08f5203", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Level of prevention that includes specific protection", "exp": "Specific protection targets a type or group of diseases and complements the goals of health promotion. Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 48", "cop": 2, "opa": "Primordial", "opb": "Primary", "opc": "Secondary", "opd": "Teiary", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "1858e6a5-df7b-4fac-b318-1ae908599732", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Inhalation of sugarcane dust could cause", "exp": "Bagassosis occurs due to occupational exposure to fibrous residue of sugarcane (bagasse); Bagassosis has been shown to be due to Thermoactinomyces sacchari\nBagasse contains a percentage of silica, innumerable fungal spores and micro-organisms; Bagasse dust blocks bronchioles thus leading to bronchitis and bronchopneumonia\nPrevention and Bagasse control measures:\n\n– Keeping moisture content > 20%\n– Spraying bagasse with 2% propionic acid (fungicide).", "cop": 1, "opa": "Bagassosis", "opb": "Byssinosis", "opc": "tobacosis", "opd": "Farmer's Lungs", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "d56347d3-3fd4-43e4-a4e7-496f41356f72", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Tomatoes are rich in", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Citric acid", "opb": "Oxalic acid", "opc": "Acetic acid", "opd": "Formic acid", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e4258b31-281c-47ff-8a12-47a68e66b9fc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Multi load device refers to", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "First generation IUCD", "opb": "Oral contraceptive pills", "opc": "Barrier contraceptives", "opd": "Second generation IUCD", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "96a5dc9a-1f79-49ca-be32-9e1a5c80cc5f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Vitamin A prophylaxis to a child is", "exp": "Ans. is 'b' i.e. Specific protection Vitamin A prophylaxis is a form of specific protection against vitamin A deficiency resulting in xerophthalmiaSpecific protection is an interventional strategy for primary prevention in a disease process.Disease process, prevention & interventions can be summarised as below:* Health education is a part of health promotion Levels of preventionPrimordial prevention - Prevention of the development or emergence of Risk Factors in population groups in which they have not yet appeared Primary prevention - Action taken prior to the onset of disease which removes the possibility that the disease will ever occur. It signifies intervention in the pathogenesis phase of the disease.Secondary prevention - Action which halts the progress of disease at its incipient stage and prevents complications i.e. early diagnosis & treatment.Tertiary treatment - Intervention in the late pathogenic phase all measures to reduce or limit impairments, Disabilities and handicap Specific protection:Specific protection is possible in a limited number of cases.The interventions available areImmunizationUse of specific nutrients (For e.g. Vit. A, Iron & FA)ChemoprophylaxisProtection against occupational hazardsProtection against accidentsProtection from carcinogensAvoidance of allergensControl of environmental hazards e.g. air pollution, noise control etc.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Health promotion", "opb": "Specific protection", "opc": "Primordial prevention", "opd": "Secondary prevention", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of Health and Disease", "id": "32069db6-aade-45f3-be4c-3ecb99c9f40e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Purest water is", "exp": "Rainwater by nature is purest and soft. it gets contaminated when passing through the atmosphere by dust and microorganisms Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 25th edition, Page No. 767", "cop": 2, "opa": "River water", "opb": "Rain water", "opc": "Deep well", "opd": "Impounding reservoir", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "307720e9-7976-4b61-9fae-179d13d92ad8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Cycle that is seen in RBC's in malaria is", "exp": "Human cycle of plasmodium Pre-erythrocytic Schizogony Development of sporozoites in liver parenchyma Liberated merozoites are called as \"Cryptozoites\" No clinical manifestations ; No pathological change Blood is sterile Erythrocytic Schizogony Parasite resides inside RBCs; Passes through stages of Trophozoite, Schizont, Merozoite Parasitic multiplication brings clinical attack of malaria Gametogony Some merozoites develop in RBC's of spleen and bone marrow to form 'Gametocytes' Exo-Erythrocytic Schizogony Persistence of late tissue phase in liver Seen in P.vivax and P.ovale Cause of relapses in Vivax and ovale Malaria. Liberated merozoites are known as 'Phanerozoites' Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 281-286", "cop": 4, "opa": "Sexual", "opb": "Sporogony", "opc": "Exogenous", "opd": "Endogenous", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "3967b8b8-8b65-4644-af79-550a8f8fa3b0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A 3 yr old completely unimmunised child comes to an immunization clinic at PHC for the firsr time, He should receive", "exp": ".", "cop": 2, "opa": "BCG, Measles, Vitamin - A", "opb": "DT-1, OPV-1, Measles, Vitamin - A", "opc": "BCG, DPT, DPT-1, OPV-1, Measles, Vitamin - A", "opd": "DPT-1, OPV, Measles, Vitamin - A", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "f9cdd893-49ee-413b-9ce7-78e8d68298f0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Under MCH programme, iron and folic acid tablets to be given daily to mother has", "exp": "An adult tablet of IFA contains: 100 mg elemental Iron and 500 mcg Folic acid (to be given for 100 days minimum in pregnancy).\nA pediatric tablet of IFA contains: 20 mg elemental Iron and 100 mcg Folic acid (to be given for 100 days minimum every year till 5 years age of child).", "cop": 1, "opa": "100 mg iron + 500 mcg folic acid", "opb": "60 mg iron + 500 mcg folic acid", "opc": "60 mg iron + 100 mcg folic acid", "opd": "100 mg iron + 100 mcg folic acid", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "488792a7-3ff1-4a14-a712-c0bd6320cc0c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "‘Dipstick Test’ for rapid diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum is based on", "exp": "‘Dipstick Test’ is used for the rapid diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf)\n– Is a ‘rapid whole blood immuno-chromatographic test’\n– Uses 2 antibodies specific for ‘Pf Histidine Rich Protein II Antigen’\n– Is a ‘antigen capture assay’ – Colloidal gold is used in the test card\n– Gives results in 3 – 5 minutes\n– Specificity and negative predictive value is 99%\n– Not as effective when parasite levels < 100 parasites/ml of blood\n• Rapid tests for diagnosis of Pf:\n– Dipstick test (Pf Histidine rich protein II – HRP II)\n– Leishman stain\n– Field’s stain\n– Acridine orange.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Arginine-rich protein", "opb": "Serine-rich protein", "opc": "Tyrosine-rich protein", "opd": "Histidine-rich protein", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "da65f910-e789-45b3-b72f-609980443b69", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "For optimum utilization of health services in a hospital, Bed turnover interval should always be", "exp": "Ans. (a) Slightly positive* Bed turn over interval: Amount of time beds at hospital are unoccupied until next patients' admission following a patients' discharge- Negative values: Indicate over 100% occupancy, scarcity of beds, over-utilization of services- Positive values: Indicate vacant beds, underutilization of services due to defective admission process or poor quality medical care- Slight positive values: Indicate optimum utilization of services", "cop": 1, "opa": "Slightly positive", "opb": "Largely positive", "opc": "Slightly negative", "opd": "Largely negative", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Indicators of Health", "id": "6f6685c5-48c6-4052-a913-052918639fcb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Sir Alexander Fleming got Nobel Prix for", "exp": "List of Nobel Laureates\n\nWillem Einthoven : ECG.\nSir Alexander Fleming : Penicillin.\nPaul. H. Muller : DDT.\nSir Godfrey N.Hounsfield : Human blood groups.\nKarl Landsteiner : Human blood groups.\nPaul Ehrlich : Immunity.\nSir Peter Mansfield : MRI.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Insulin", "opb": "CT scan", "opc": "Pencillin", "opd": "ECG", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "d4c5bdf0-13ee-43c5-b377-bfee7eaed746", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The histogram is used as a method of group presentation for", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Qualitative data", "opb": "Quantitative continuous data", "opc": "Quantitative data- discrete type", "opd": "Nominal data", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "0a856f74-0c4e-4f1f-834e-c235ce756b77", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Carriers  of avirulent organism is known as", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Convalescent carriers", "opb": "Pseudo carriers", "opc": "Temporary carriers", "opd": "Healthy carriers", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "8e1988a2-c715-4dc4-be1a-8787b1950da2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A person has lost his hand at work in a factory and is not able to wear his clothes", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Disease", "opb": "Impairement", "opc": "Disability", "opd": "Handicap", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "03401599-da16-488b-ae9c-0509d02e36e5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Maximum Power of destruction of a disease is measured by", "exp": "Case fatality rate represents the killing power of disease. It is simply the ratio of deaths to cases.Used in acute infectious diseases.Case fatality is closely related to virulence.Park 23e pg:59", "cop": 2, "opa": "Survival rate", "opb": "Case fatality rate", "opc": "Specific death rate", "opd": "Propoional moality rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "90d8f32a-4b21-458e-9991-e09ad08ac36a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Patients are categorized on the basis of chances of survival in Disaster management;", "exp": "Triage Consists of rapidly classifying the injured on the basis of severity of their injuries and on the likelihood of their survival with prompt medical intervention First come first serve is NOT followed in emergencies Triage yields best results when carried out at the site of disaster COLOR CODING: RED YELLOW GREEN BLACK high priority treatment or transfer medium priority ambulatory patients dead/moribund patients", "cop": 1, "opa": "Triage", "opb": "Tagging", "opc": "Mitigation", "opd": "Surge capacity", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "FMGE 2019", "id": "6ec51868-3953-413d-a364-45c71190652f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Rickettsial agent of Epidemic typhus is", "exp": "(R-prowazekii) (239-PK) (262- Park 20th)DiseaseRickettsial agentInsect vectorsMammalian reservoirsITyphus group a. Epidemic typhusR. prowazekiiLouseHumansb. Murine typhusR. typhiFleaRodentsc. Scrub typhusR. tsutsugamushiMiteRodentsIISpotted fever group a. Indian tick typhusR. conoriiTickRodents, dogsb. Rocky Mountain spotted feverR. rickettsiiTickRodents, dogsc. Rickettsial poxR. akariMiteMiceIIIOthers a. Q-feverC. burnetii-Cattle, sheep, goatsb. Trench feverRochalimaeaquintanaLouseHumans", "cop": 1, "opa": "R. prowazekii", "opb": "R. typhi", "opc": "R. tsutsugamushi", "opd": "R. canorii", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable Diseases", "id": "302c2ead-fe10-4b55-b41c-39333c96f246", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Mass approach includes", "exp": "Home visits, Personal letters, personal contact are individual approachTelevision, radio, newspaper, folk methods, internet are mass approaches.Lectures, Demonstrations, Discussion methods (Symposium, conferences, roleplay..etc) are group methods.Park 23e pg: 862", "cop": 1, "opa": "Television", "opb": "Seminars", "opc": "Role play", "opd": "Symposium", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health education & planning", "id": "9287f40b-3193-4ea8-89d3-8bc31ad50343", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Recommended daily intake of fibre in diet", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "20 grams", "opb": "40 grams", "opc": "80 grams", "opd": "100 grams", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "1069e5b4-d592-4517-8168-40a7b399eb1b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Amino acid deficient in pulses", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Tryptophane", "opb": "Lysine", "opc": "Methionine", "opd": "Leucine", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "3d588478-dd5b-419d-a6ba-501ab1fc26f8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In defining General Feility Rate, the denominator is", "exp": "General feility rate is the number of live bihs per 1000 women in the reproductive are group ( 15-44 or 49 years) in a given year GFR = Number of live bih in an area during the year X 1000 / mid year female population age group 15-44 (or 49) in the same area in same year Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 488", "cop": 2, "opa": "Population between 15 to 49 years of age", "opb": "Women between 15 to 49 years of age", "opc": "Mid year population", "opd": "Live bihs", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "0e8657d6-84e6-45e8-9f35-bf6ecbe0b70f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Maternal antibodies do not occur for", "exp": "Infants are susceptible to Pertussis infection from birth because maternal antibody does not appear to give them protection.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Polio", "opb": "Whooping cough", "opc": "Diphtheria", "opd": "Tetanus", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "2743ce99-173d-416f-923e-b7d12044920c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Ergotism is due to toxic alkaloids produced by fungus", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Claviceps purpurea", "opb": "Trichophyton", "opc": "Fusarium species", "opd": "Absidia", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "2c7ce4e0-c722-45ff-bc96-058554db785d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Diphtheria carrier are diagnosed by", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Gram’s staining", "opb": "Throat culture", "opc": "Albert’s staining", "opd": "Schick test", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c86153ce-f47d-4a0d-af52-c5d05eda6ad7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Three doses of tetanus vaccine provides immunity for", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "10 years", "opb": "1 year", "opc": "5 years", "opd": "15 years", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "9c9e75ce-3dd8-483d-9986-c62e3b904419", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Demographic gap attains its maximum limit is", "exp": "Demographic cycle The history of world population since 1650 suggests that there is a . demographic cycle of 5 stages through which a nation passes: (1) FIRST STAGE (High stationary) This stage is characterized by a high bih rate and a high death rate which cancel each other and the population remains stationary. India was in this stage till 1920. (2) SECOND STAGE (Early expanding) The death rate begins to decline, while the bih rate remains unchanged. Many countries in South Asia, and Africa are in this phase. Bih rates have increased in some of these countries possibly as a result of improved health conditions, and shoening periods of breast-feeding (3) THIRD STAGE (Late expanding) The death rate declines still fuher, and the bih rate tends to fall. The population continues to grow because bihs exceed deaths. India has entered this phase. In a number of developing countries (e.g., China, Singapore) bih rates have declined rapidly. (4) FOUH STAGE (Low stationary) This stage is characterized by a low bih and low death rate with the result that the population becomes stationary. Zero population growth has already been recorded in Austria during 1980-85. Growth rates as little as 0.1 were recorded in UK, Denmark, Sweden and Belgium during 1980-85. In sho, most industrialized countries have undergone a demographic transition shifting from a high bih and high death rates to low bih and low death rates. (5) FIFTH STAGE: (Declining) The population begins to decline because bih rate is lower than the death rate. Some East European countries, notably Germany and Hungary are experiencing this stage. Demographic cycle is based on : Demographic gap DG = Crude Bih Rate (CBR) - Crude death rate DG stas increasing : Early stage II (Early expanding phase) DG is Maximum : Late stage II (Early expanding phase) DG stas declining : Early stage III (Late expanding PHASE) DG is negative : Stage V (Declining phase) DG is Narrow : Stage I (high Stationary) ; Stage IV (Low Stationary) Ref: Foundations of community Medicine, GM Dhaarb& I Robbani, 1st edition Park 25th edition Pgno : 530", "cop": 2, "opa": "Early stage I", "opb": "Late stage II", "opc": "Late stage III", "opd": "Early stage IV", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "f0259a51-3af1-40ec-9bea-10103e9f6b79", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Parboiling is done for", "exp": "Parboiling Parboiling (paial cooking in steam) is ancient Indian technique of preserving the nutritive quality of rice. There are many techniques of parboiling. The technique recommended by the Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore is known as the hot soaking process. The process stas with soaking the paddy (unhusked rice) in hot water at 65 to 70 deg. C for 3 to 4 hours, which swells the grain. This is followed by draining of water and steaming the soaked paddy in the same container for 5 to 10 minutes. The paddy is then dried and later homepounded or milled. During the steaming process, a greater pa of the vitamins and minerals present in the outer aleurone layer of the rice grain are driven into the inner endosperm. With subsequent milling, even to a high degree, the nutrients are not removed. During the drying process, the germ gets attached more firmly to the grain. In addition, the heat used in drying hardens the rice grain. It results in the grain becoming more *resistant to insect invasion and more suitable for storage than raw rice. The starch also gets gelatinized which improves the -keeping quality of rice. The serious disadvantage of parboiling is the development of a peculiar smell or \"off flavour\" which some consumers do not relish. Modern methods of parboiling rice have been developed by which the finished product does not give any bad odour. Ref : Park 25th edition Pgno : 665", "cop": 3, "opa": "Milling process", "opb": "Polishing of rice", "opc": "Preservation of nutrition", "opd": "Storage of rice", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and health", "id": "6010563c-8446-4443-b525-c2f34a7bdcec", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Reservoir of Tetanus infection is", "exp": "Soil is the Reservoir of:\n\nTetanus\nAnthrox\nCoccidiomycosis\nMycetoma", "cop": 2, "opa": "Man", "opb": "Soil", "opc": "Pig", "opd": "Plants", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "caf3ad71-4fcf-4846-8aa0-22dc167cd724", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Standardised moality rate is stadardised for", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.e., Age", "cop": 1, "opa": "Age", "opb": "Disease", "opc": "Region", "opd": "A paicular time period", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "0554bfb0-0779-440b-8d82-06f15b4c46b5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Best index of contraceptive efficacy is", "exp": "Pearl index is defined as the number of failures per 100 woman years of exposure (HWY) Failure rate per Hundred Women Years = Total accidental pregnancies X 1200/ Total months of exposure Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 510", "cop": 1, "opa": "Pearl index", "opb": "Chandelers index", "opc": "Quetlet index", "opd": "Broca index", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "028d5d73-b4d4-4e70-80b6-97f20a250e80", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Whisper is", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "10 db", "opb": "20 - 30 db", "opc": "30 - 50 db", "opd": "60 db", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "27cf6ce9-35ec-431d-9150-419472d912b2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Confirmatory diagnostic test used in HIV", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "ELISA", "opb": "SIMPLE test", "opc": "Western Blot Assay", "opd": "RAPID test", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "32d45aad-896a-48ce-9f3a-ace595d66392", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "CHC acts as a referral center for", "exp": "Community Health Centre (CHC)\n\nSecondary level of health care.\nLocated for population of 1,20,000 in plains.\nLocated for population of 80,000 in hilly areas.\nStaff at CHC : 46-52\nActs as referral unit for 4 PHCS.\nBed strength : 30", "cop": 2, "opa": "2 PHCs", "opb": "4 PHCs", "opc": "6 PHCs", "opd": "8 PHCs", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "f4567124-4f4b-4dba-b861-6a56aa6d6acb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Presence of it indicates remote contamination of water", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Streptococci", "opb": "Staphalococci", "opc": "Clastridium pertringes", "opd": "Nibrio", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "952f9b45-e625-4c8c-9094-85977dd21b8e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "White death is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "TB", "opb": "HIV", "opc": "Plague", "opd": "Yellow fever", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ee9716e9-0b2a-427d-b6bc-e793fe8984e3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Maximum tolerated dose of a new drug is evaluated in", "exp": "Phase 1 Clinical trials is used to evaluate Maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of a new drug", "cop": 4, "opa": "Phase 4", "opb": "Phase 3", "opc": "Phase 2", "opd": "Phase 1", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c012d563-7174-44e1-ac21-19cc00727312", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Adjuvant used in DPT vaccine is", "exp": "Ans. is 'b' i.e. Aluminium DPT vaccine is of two types : plain & adsorbedAluminium phosphate or Aluminium hydroxide is used as adsorbent.Adsorption increases the immunological effectiveness.WHO recommends use of only adjuvant DPT vaccines in immunization programmes?Also know - Pertussis component in DPT vaccine enhances the potency of the diphtheria toxoid.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Zinc", "opb": "Aluminium", "opc": "Copper", "opd": "Magnesium", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable Diseases", "id": "72140b04-2801-4818-82b9-cf95d68e3f95", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Flight range for Aedes Mosquito is", "exp": "Flight range of impoant mosquito vectors in India: Mosquito vector Flight range Anopheles 3-5 Km Culex 11Km Aedes 100m (110 yards) Mansonia - Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno: 808", "cop": 2, "opa": "10 meters", "opb": "100 meters", "opc": "400 meters", "opd": "11 km", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "47e53a9e-35d2-42f7-b6f4-e978b9462ce9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The scatter plot is used to display", "exp": "STATISTICAL MAPS When statistical data refer to geographic or administrative areas, it is presented either as \"Shaded Maps\" or \"Dot maps\" according to suitability. The shaded maps are used to present data of varying size. The areas are shaded with different colours, or different intensities of the same colour, which is indicated in the key. Scatter diagram shows the relationship between two variables, e.g., Fig. 10 shows a positive correlation between the intakes of fat and sugar in the average diets of 41 countries. Populations with more income are known to consume more protein, fat and also sugar If the dots cluster round a straight line, it shows evidence of a relationship of a linear nature. If there is no such cluster, it is probable that there is no relationship between the variables. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 846", "cop": 2, "opa": "Causality", "opb": "Correlation", "opc": "Power", "opd": "Type II error", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "f6cda688-6771-43eb-9656-a95c3cb7a724", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Provision of services at Suraksha Clinic include", "exp": "Services expected at suraksha clinic (STD clinic) are related to I/STI. It includes - Diagnostic services - Treatment care - Preventive services", "cop": 3, "opa": "Immunization services", "opb": "Blood transfusion safety services", "opc": "I/STI services", "opd": "Diarrhea control services", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "FMGE 2018", "id": "a5dcfa4b-4526-4142-8207-f29cc327fb34", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Red cross society was staed by", "exp": "The Red Cross is a non-political, non-official international humanitarian organization devoted to the service of mankind in peace and war. Founded by Henry Dunant.Park 23e pg: 925", "cop": 3, "opa": "FORD", "opb": "Rockefeller", "opc": "Henry Durant", "opd": "World bank", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health care of community & international health", "id": "f1824e4a-8f38-47df-93db-0eda76ebc0cc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The following does not suggest Under Five Care in the community", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Infant mortality rate", "opb": "1-4 year mortality", "opc": "Neonatal tetanus", "opd": "Deaths due to diarrhoeal disease between 1-5 years", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c0412633-648c-42fa-849b-0421bfbddad5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Fernandez Reaction in Lepromine test is", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Type 1 Hypersensitive reaction", "opb": "Type 2  Hypersensitive reaction", "opc": "Type 3 Hypersensitive reaction", "opd": "Type 4 Hypersensitive reaction", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e4329514-094c-4e15-9b59-50d0a8b38fab", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "3 month's training in preventive and social medicine during internship is recommended by", "exp": "(Bhore committee) (776- Park 20th)* Major changes in medical education which includes 3' months training in preventive and social medicine to prepare prepare \"social physicians\"-recommend by Bhore Committee 1946* \"Health Survey and Planning Committee\" popularily known as the Mudaliar committee* Chadah Committee - recommended that the \"vigilance\" operations is respect of the National malaria Eradication Programme should be the responsibility of the general health services i.e. primary health centres at the block level.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Bhore committee", "opb": "Chadah committee", "opc": "Mudaliar committee", "opd": "Mukerji - committee", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Healthcare of the Community & International Health", "id": "75558857-7d24-45d0-8f6c-bda485f8d5ec", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The age and sex structure of a population may be best described by a", "exp": "The age and sex distribution of a population is best represented by population pyramid\nIn countries with high birth rates as ours, it is broad based conical pyramid because of high birth rate and tapering of population with increase in age.\nIn developed countries with low birth rate, the pyramid swells in the middle and is narrow at the base and is not so conical at the top. (dumb bell shaped).\n\nUtility of population pyramid \nShape of population pyramid indicates fertility pattern\n\nBroad base, Narrow top (upright triangle): High proportion of younger population (developing countries)\nBulge in Middle: High proportion of adults (developed countries)\n\nSpan (height) of population pyramid indicates life expectancy\n\nTaller pyramid: Higher life expectancy (developed countries)\nShorter pyramid: Lower life expectancy (developing countries)\n\nSymmetry of population pyramid indicates sex ratio\n\nSymmetric pyramid: ideal sex ratio ( developed countries)\nAsymmetric pyramid: unfavorable sex ratio <1000 (developing countries)", "cop": 3, "opa": "Life table", "opb": "corelation coefficient", "opc": "Population pyramid", "opd": "Bar chart", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ed7878a6-cf05-40f2-9c7f-ae2bbb3ab3de", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Green STD kit contains", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Azithromycin, Cefixime", "opb": "Secnidazole, Fluconazole", "opc": "Acyclovir", "opd": "Azithromycin, Doxycycline", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "bee51b0c-2584-4935-8a53-dafa9113a24e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Reservoir of hookworm", "exp": ".man is the only impoant reservoir of human hookworm infection.faeces containing the ova of hookworms is the infective material.as long a sthe person harbours the parasite ,the infectivity of the disease continues. ref:park&;s textbook,ed 22,pg no 221", "cop": 1, "opa": "Human being", "opb": "Soil", "opc": "Faces", "opd": "Monkeys", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "a8f2f089-ff30-442e-bb6b-8634f446c87e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Under ICDS, nutrition given for children < 1 year is,", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "200kcal", "opb": "500kcal", "opc": "350kcal", "opd": "600kcal", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "a905c96e-ecb8-46f5-9ec3-423ddefa16ee", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Long term fluctuation is", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.., Secular", "cop": 1, "opa": "Secular", "opb": "Cyclical", "opc": "Seasonal", "opd": "Periodic fluctuation", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "96882aa6-9d0a-4ba6-9d2a-e9aadc0440ee", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Daily calcium requirement of infants is", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "300 mg", "opb": "500 mg", "opc": "600 mg", "opd": "1200 mg", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "a62b7a0e-08cb-4f81-b015-22bb71256934", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A community has a population of 10,000 and a birth rate of 36 per 1000. 5 maternal deaths were reported in the current year. The MMR is", "exp": "MMR = 5/360 X 100,000\n          = 1388 per 100,000 population\n    LB = 13.88 per 1000 LB.", "cop": 2, "opa": "14.5", "opb": "13.8", "opc": "20", "opd": "5", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "3c7316aa-7a57-4ae9-bab6-956b9c880ab7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The drug of choice for chempprophylaxis in contacts of a patient of penumonic plague is", "exp": "Cholera: Tetracycline or furazolidone for household contacts Bacterial conjunctivitis: Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment Diphtheria: Erythromycin Influenza: Oseltamivir Meningitis, meningococcal: Ciprofloxacin, and minocycline Plague: Tetracycline for contacts of pneumonic plague Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 137", "cop": 4, "opa": "Penicillin", "opb": "Rifampicin", "opc": "Erythromycin", "opd": "Tetracycline", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "921ab2e2-b398-49aa-892a-a9d12449d12a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "'Ring vaccination' is", "exp": "Ring vaccination is a strategy to inhibit the spread of disease by vaccinating only those who are most likely to be infected.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Given by a ring shaped machine", "opb": "Given to produce a ring lesion", "opc": "Given around 100 yards of a case detected", "opd": "Given around a mile of a case", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "ce45f9ff-74f7-4b6a-b7ba-a57f64fa3f4c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Protein requirement of an adult is", "exp": "Protein requirement of an adult:\n\n0.7 gm/kg/day in terms of Egg protein or\n1.0 gm/kg/day in terms of mixed vegetable protein (NEW GUIDELINE: 0.83 g/kg/d)\n\nEgg protein has the highest NPU of 96.\nIndian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has recommended 1.0 gm protein per kg of body weight for an Indian adult, assuming a NPU of 65 for dietary proteins.", "cop": 3, "opa": "0.7 gm/kg in terms of Egg protein & 0.7 gm/kg in terms of mixed vegetable protein", "opb": "1.0 gm/kg in terms of Egg protein & 1.0 gm/kg in terms of mixed vegetable protein", "opc": "0.7 gm/kg in terms of Egg protein & 1.0 gm/kg in terms of mixed vegetable protein", "opd": "1.0 gm/kg in terms of Egg protein & 0.7 gm/kg in terms of mixed vegetable protein", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e4fd9dc3-9462-4736-9ec5-c58ed6da8daa", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Test of significance for comparing means of 2 group is", "exp": "Paired student t - test ⇒ Comparision of means in paired data of 1 group.\nUn - Paired student t - test ⇒ Comparision of means between 2 group.\nANOVA test ⇒ Comparision of means if ≥ 3 groups.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Paired t - test", "opb": "Unpaired t - test", "opc": "Sign test", "opd": "Chi - square test", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "57205698-3aeb-4528-88ee-38ad33e006e4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The distinct golden colour in transgenic Golden rice is due to presence of", "exp": "Golden rice:\nVariety of rice produced through genetic engineering to boisynthesize beta carotene, a precursor of vitamin A.\nThe distinct golden colour is due to the beta carotene content.\nIt is indented to produce a fortified food to be grown and consumed in areas with a shortage of dietary vitamin A. \nGolden rice differs from its parenteral strain by the addition of three beta carotene biosynthesis gene.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Riboflavin", "opb": "β-carotene", "opc": "Vitamin B12", "opd": "Xanthopyll", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6f6ba67d-d4d3-430f-9582-42587cd0ea91", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "If the prevalence is very low as compared to the incidence for a disease, it implies", "exp": "Prevalence = Incidence * Duration of illnessIf incidence is high and prevalence is low compared to the incidence, it means the duration of illness is low.Duration can be low if the disease is fatal or disease is easily curable.Park 23e pg: 62", "cop": 1, "opa": "Disease is very fatal and/or easily curable", "opb": "Disease is non-fatal", "opc": "Calculation of prevalence & incidence is wrong", "opd": "Nothing can be said, as they are independent", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "69463eaa-d7e4-4c8f-9777-3c877bbaf78d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Best statistical data diagram to depict incidence change over a period of tissue is", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Pie char", "opb": "Histogram", "opc": "Scatter diagram", "opd": "Line diagram", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c38dd786-e118-448c-9780-29f60c3139fc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The book \"Airs, Water and Places\" considered a treatise on social medicine and hygiene is a work of", "exp": "Hippocrates distinguished between diseases which are epidemic and those which are endemic. His book &; Airs, Water and places are considered a treatise on social medicine and hygiene. The Hippocratic concept of health and disease stressed the relation between man and his environment.Park 23e pg: 3", "cop": 1, "opa": "Hippocrates", "opb": "John Snow", "opc": "John Simon", "opd": "John M Last", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "9e630ae1-772e-4325-92e7-26c9485004cb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Shoest incubation period is seen in", "exp": "Influenza Causative Agent: Ohomyxovirus, 3 types : A, B, C Type A: MC cause of outbreaks/Epidemics ; Only cause of Pandemics Type B. Type C: Not circulating currently Incubation period : 18-72 hours Period of Infectivity : 1-2 days before to 1-2 days after onset of symptoms Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Edition Pgno : 167-172", "cop": 4, "opa": "Hepatitis A", "opb": "Hepatitis B", "opc": "Rubella", "opd": "Influenza", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "2a855ab7-ac87-4940-844b-0b425291bd0e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "3 months old infant, no chest indrawing with respiratory rate 52/minute. Diagnosis is", "exp": "Ans. is 'b' i.e., Pneumonia This infant has:? Fast breathing (.. 50 per minute between 2 months to 1 years). No chest indrawing. Diagnosis is Pneumonia.", "cop": 2, "opa": "No pneumonia", "opb": "Pneumonia", "opc": "Severe pneumonia", "opd": "Very severe disease", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "fd138028-a63b-429d-b05f-bd4ea898a7b8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The time interval between reception of infection and maximum infectivity of the host is known as", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Generation time", "opb": "Serial interval", "opc": "Latent period", "opd": "Median incubation period", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "4dbdce27-8a36-48b6-8313-49b4c097df37", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "“Hundred day cough” is the name of", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Cough due to haemophylus influenza", "opb": "Cough due to Bordetella pertussis", "opc": "Cough due to adenovirus", "opd": "Cough due to respiratory syncytial virus", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "60e7be33-d296-4787-8e96-726665acde39", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Recommended vaccination strategy for rubella is to vaccinate first and foremost", "exp": "Priority groups for rubella vaccination in India:\n1st PRIORITY:\n15 – 49 years reproductive age group females\n2nd priority: All children 1 – 14 years age\n3rd priority: Routine universal immunization of all children aged 1", "cop": 1, "opa": "Women 15-49yrs", "opb": "Infants", "opc": "Adolescent girls", "opd": "Children 1-14yrs", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ea189dcf-5748-4788-912a-8043a0fa4cda", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Infant moality rate does not include", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed", "cop": 4, "opa": "Post neonatal moality", "opb": "Early neonatal moality", "opc": "Late neonatal moality", "opd": "Perinatal moality", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics", "id": "2eea7727-bb7c-4e80-bde0-0ae69f9f3c3c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Therapeutic aboion was accepted by", "exp": "Ans. is 'b' i.e., Declaration of Oslo (1970)", "cop": 2, "opa": "Declaration of Genava (1948)", "opb": "Declaration of Oslo (1970)", "opc": "Declaration of Helsinki", "opd": "Declaration of Tokyo", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "553e0c4a-95de-471f-8ef1-309e50b0d95a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Pearl index of male condom", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "14/HWY", "opb": "21/HWY", "opc": "5/HWY", "opd": "2/HWY", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "4c5f6833-87b8-4457-9b97-63953bcace3e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Consumer Protection Act was passed in", "exp": "Ref: 25th Ed K.Park's Textbook Of Preventive and Social Medicine", "cop": 2, "opa": "1977", "opb": "1986", "opc": "1993", "opd": "1998", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health education & planning", "id": "f3080e15-9c63-43e1-9ee2-8c2b62f010ad", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Fibers are maximum in", "exp": "Ans. is 'd' i.e., Corn Wheat bran42.2Oat bran22.2Soy bran70.0Corn bran82.3Rice bran38.0Barley bran70-0", "cop": 4, "opa": "Wheat", "opb": "Oat", "opc": "Rice", "opd": "Corn", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "df6e4103-de15-4b31-8760-3950469489f1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "If each value of a given group of observations is multiplied by 10, the standard deviation of the resulting observations is", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Original std. Deviation / l0", "opb": "Original std. Deviation × 10", "opc": "Original std. Deviation – 10", "opd": "Original std. Deviation it self", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "5796b61b-b98f-41b9-9941-ee1ecb40ffee", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The definitive host in Toxoplasmosis is", "exp": "(A) Cat> Toxoplasmosis, a protozoal infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, can result from ingestion of raw or undercooked meat infected by the organism or from contact with infected cat feces.> The incidence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women is estimated to be 1 in every 150 to 700 pregnancies. Infection early in pregnancy may cause abortion; later in pregnancy, the fetus may become infected. A small number of infected infants develop involvement of the central nervous system or the eye; most infants who have the disease, however, escape serious clinical problems.> Toxoplasma gondii, -- result from ingestion of raw or undercooked meat infected by the organism or from contact with infect cat feces", "cop": 1, "opa": "Cat", "opb": "Man", "opc": "Pig", "opd": "Dog", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "6e1d890b-9f40-4d24-b237-b6e4a35d2589", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Old contamination of water is indicated by", "exp": "Ans. is 'b' i.e., Nitrates", "cop": 2, "opa": "Nitrites", "opb": "Nitrates", "opc": "Ammonia", "opd": "Chlorides", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "cb310219-f1d3-4a11-bd66-70f4fb144900", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Maximum damage to Napoleon’s army during his march to Moscow was done by", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Diarrhea", "opb": "Plague", "opc": "Typhus", "opd": "Typhoid", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "0ccd0f32-e3f7-4ca3-b3e6-7ce016770d34", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Dose of Rifampicin per month for adult multibacillary leprosy", "exp": "Treatment of adult multibacillary leprosy Rifampicin 600mg once monthly, supervised Dapsone 100mg daily, self-administered Clofazimine 300mg once monthly supervised; and 50 mg daily, self-administered. Ref: PARK&;S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE 23rd edition pg 323", "cop": 1, "opa": "600 mg", "opb": "150 mg", "opc": "450 mg", "opd": "300 mg", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health programmes in India", "id": "08c6d111-9bdc-43b6-93d9-c49eea5dadbb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "‘Smoking’ is not associated with the following respiratory lesion", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Sarcoidosis", "opb": "Chronic bronchitis", "opc": "Emphysema", "opd": "Lung carcinoma", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "3f0d8873-9715-4bbb-8e48-825f01c656ec", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most important Essential Fatty Acid is", "exp": "Essential Fatty Acids (EFA): Are those that cannot be synthesized in human body; they can only be derived from the food\nThe most important EFA is Linoleic Acid, which serves as a basis for production of other EFA\n\nDietary sources of EFA:", "cop": 1, "opa": "Linoleic Acid", "opb": "Linolenic Acid", "opc": "Arachidonic Acid", "opd": "Eicosapentanoic Acid", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "5e6ea0d6-6eb0-47aa-acc8-c143345ad77d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Delinking Malaria activity from Family planning was under the recommendation of", "exp": "Chadah committee recommended that the vigilance operations in respect of the national malaria eradication programme should be the responsibility of the general health services ie primary health centres. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 874", "cop": 2, "opa": "Mudaliar committee", "opb": "Chadah committee", "opc": "Mukerji committee", "opd": "Kaar Singh committee", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health programmes in India", "id": "a6734dbc-2dff-4f24-a6ba-8d1d2ce4fdc0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "MDR/XDR treatment given for", "exp": "As Guidelines on Programmatic Management of Drug Resistant TB (PMDT) in IndiaRegimen for MDR-TB This regimen comprises of 6 drugs - Kanamycin, Levofloxacin, Ethionamide, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol and Cycloserine during 6-9 months of the Intensive Phase and 4 drugs Levofloxacin, Ethionamide, Ethambutol and Cycloserine during the 18 months of the Continuation Phase.Regimen for XDR TBThe Intensive Phase (6-12 months) will consist of 7 drugs - Capreomycin (Cm), Para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS), Moxifloxacin (Mfx), High dose-INH, Clofazimine, Linezolid, and Amoxyclav The Continuation Phase (18 months) will consist of 6 drugs - PAS, Moxifloxacin (Mfx), High dose-INH, Clofazimine, Linezolid, and Amoxyclav", "cop": 4, "opa": "6 months", "opb": "12 months", "opc": "18 months", "opd": "24 months", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "991d2286-1f98-4cc4-a2e8-a2a2414cad91", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Under NPCB, screening of school children is first done by", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.e. School teachers Under the National Programme for Control of Blindness, all children aged 10-14 years will be screened for refractive errors by trained teachers.Children who cannot read the 6/9 line with any eye are then sent to the ophthalmic assistant of the CHC for refraction test.Children needing spectacles are then provided free spectacles by opticians who have been contracted by the NPCB.", "cop": 1, "opa": "School teachers", "opb": "Village health guide", "opc": "Ophthalmologic assistant", "opd": "Medical officer", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Non-Communicable Diseases", "id": "f573ae95-8a4e-4b1f-a755-d0f3c815bb2e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "“Eugenics” is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "A feeling of well-being or elation, may be drug related", "opb": "the humane destruction of an animal accomplished by a method that produces rapid unconsciousness and subsequent death without evidence of pain or distress, or a method that utilizes anaesthesia produced by an agent that causes painless loss of consciousness and subsequent death", "opc": "the study of hereditary improvement of the human race by controlled selective breeding", "opd": "A state of being carried away by overwhelming emotion", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "23e23ed2-569c-4588-9e63-f1040ca70109", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Egg yields about K cal of energy", "exp": "Ans. is 'c' i.e., 70 o An egg weighing 60 grams contains. i) 6 gm of protein ii)6 gm of fat iii) 30 mg of calcium iv) 105 mg of iron v) 70 Kcal. of energy", "cop": 3, "opa": "50", "opb": "60", "opc": "70", "opd": "80", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "5ca7c23e-fcb0-4fe1-83a7-2645bc1eb67c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The socioeconomic status of community is best indicated by", "exp": "Infant moality rate (IMR) is defined as the ratio of infant deaths registered in a given year to the total number of live bihs registered in the same year, usually expressed as a rate per 1000 live bihs. It is given by the formula: IMR= No. of deaths of children less than 1 year of age in a year --------------------------------------------------------------------x1000 No. of live bihs in the same year IMR is universally regarded not only as a most impoant indicator of the health status of a community but also of the level of living of people in general and effectiveness of MCH services in paicular. Infant moality rate is given a separate treatment by demographers because: IMR is the single largest single age-category of moality. Deaths at this age are due to a peculiar set of diseases and conditions to which the adult population is less exposed or less vulnerable. IMR is affected rather quickly and directly by specific health programmes and hence may change more rapidly than the general death rate. Ref : Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 18th edition; Page-417", "cop": 1, "opa": "IMR", "opb": "Under 5 moality rate", "opc": "Maternal moality rate", "opd": "Perinatal moality rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "32b5eccd-c554-4592-a884-b72f75c2cfa6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "EIKJMAN'S test used in", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "As coliform test", "opb": "To determine chlorine demond", "opc": "Air quality test", "opd": "Humidity test", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "a429545b-081f-4674-8d0c-c9375fa44925", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Guthrie test is done in neonates for mass screening of", "exp": "Phenylketonuria is a disorder of amino acid metabolism. This is an autosomal recessive trait in babies who are homozygous with a deficiency in the enzyme phenylalanine hydrolase which normally conves phenylalanine to tyrosine. Mass screening of blood phenylalanine in neonates is performed by the Guthrie test. Ref: Park; 23rd ed; Pg 535", "cop": 3, "opa": "Neonatal hypothyroidism", "opb": "Hemoglobinopathies", "opc": "Phenylketonuria", "opd": "CDH", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Maternal and child care", "id": "6e9070c0-a78e-4835-babd-5ea75eea5888", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In a town of population 5000, 500 are already myopic on January 1, 2011. Number of new myopia cases is 90 till December 31, 2011. Calculate incidence of Myopia in the town in 2011.", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "0.018", "opb": "0.05", "opc": "0.02", "opd": "18", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "7654cfb6-7943-40ef-9df2-63cac8c00477", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Breteau index is used for", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Aedes", "opb": "Anopheles", "opc": "Hook  - worm infection", "opd": "Hard tick", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e57376fc-ceea-4255-9db2-5720e7056fc8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Tuberculin test denotes", "exp": "A positive reaction to the tuberculin test is generally accepted as evidence of past or present infection of M.tuberculosis . Ref: PARK&;S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE 23rd edition , Page :185", "cop": 1, "opa": "Previous or present sensitivity to tubercle proteins", "opb": "Patient is restant to tuberculosis", "opc": "Person is susceptible to tuberculosis", "opd": "Protective immune status of individual againts tuberculosis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "7be8babe-3ed9-4a16-944a-5f614873ad3d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Leprosy is not targeted for global eradication because", "exp": "Ans. d. Long incubation period", "cop": 4, "opa": "No effective vaccine", "opb": "Highly infectious but low pathogenicity", "opc": "Only humans are reservoir", "opd": "Long incubation period", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "13f20a1d-cb2d-40cb-ac4c-ae432a04881d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Case Fatality Rate (CFR) of Rabies is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "80%", "opb": "90%", "opc": "100%", "opd": "95%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "20fe2e1b-4a4a-4acb-bfb3-421a580953f6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Hospital acquired infection of surgical wound is mostly by", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Doctor", "opb": "Instruments", "opc": "Patient", "opd": "Air borne", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b7967306-e15b-4ad1-94bd-5d3e70faba38", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Study of human evolution comes under", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Social Anthropology", "opb": "Physical Anthropology", "opc": "Cultural Anthropology", "opd": "Medical Anthropology", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "793bb3c3-08e0-4ea9-824e-b860dad05a1d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Positive schick test indicates", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Person is susceptible to syphilis", "opb": "Person has immunity to syphilis", "opc": "Person is susceptible to Diphtheria", "opd": "Person has immunity to Diphtheria", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "2c3832a2-e804-408f-9a6d-9f8aba97408f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "95% of the values in the distribution corresponds to", "exp": "B i.e. (2 SD) (701 Park 19th) (751-Park 20th)In normal distribution curve* 1 Standard deviation =68% of value.* 2 Standard deviation =95% of value* 3 Standard deviation =99.7% value* Standard normal curve - Smooth bell shaped, perfectly symmetrical**1. Total area of the curve is 1*2. Its mean is Zero3. Standard deviation is 14. The mean, median and mode all coinside**", "cop": 2, "opa": "l.S.D", "opb": "2. S. D", "opc": "3. S.D", "opd": "4. S.D", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "aa3e9136-0481-4e54-bafa-b90650066fdd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Life cycle of filaria is", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.e. Cyclo developmental Transmission of arthropod-borne diseases occur by following methodsDirect contact - e.g. scabies, pediculosisMechanical Transmission - housefly transmitted diseasesBiological Transmission - It is of three types:Propagative - The agent merely multiplies in vector, but no change in form e.g. plague bacilli in rat flea.Cyclo propagative - The agent changes in form & multiplies in the body of arthropod e.g. malarial parasites in mosquitoCyclo developmental - The disease agent undergoes cyclical changes but no multiplication e.g. filarial parasite in culex mosquito and guinea worm embryo in cyclops.Other methodsTransovarian transmission - The infectious agent is transmitted vertically from the infected female to her progeny in the vector e.g. Ticks transmitting Rickets sial diseases * Ttransstadial transmission - Transmission of the disease agent from one stage of the life cycle to another as for example nymph to adult e.g. Ticks.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Cyclodevelopmental", "opb": "Cyclopropagative", "opc": "Propagative", "opd": "Transovarian", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Infectious Disease Epidemiology", "id": "0aba9485-2317-4878-8ac1-5c7d75121da0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Indicator solution in Horrock’s Apparatus contains", "exp": "Indicator in Horrock’s apparatus: Starch iodide.\nIndicator in Presumptive coliform test (MPN Multiple Tube Method): Bromocresol purple.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Ortho-toulidine", "opb": "Bromocresol purple", "opc": "Ortho-toulidine arsenite", "opd": "Starch iodide", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "74585ba6-c514-4f31-82be-52788955797e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Fluoride helps in", "exp": "Fluoride helps in denon and reduces tooth decay,\n\nFlourine is oen called a two edged sword\n\n\nExcess intake →Causes Endemic fluorosis\nInadequate →Causes dental caries", "cop": 2, "opa": "Vision", "opb": "Dentition", "opc": "Myelinaon", "opd": "Joint stability", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "1f9cbcee-3eb2-41ba-8bc1-cb08b11520be", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Index case refers to", "exp": "First case of a communicable disease introduced into the population unit being studied Primary case First case to come to attention of investigator Index case Developing from contact with primary case Secondary case An individual who has signs and symptoms connected to the suspected pathogens Suspect case", "cop": 2, "opa": "First case of a communicable disease introduced into the population unit being studied", "opb": "First case to come to attention of investigator", "opc": "Developing from contact with primary case", "opd": "An individual who has signs and symptoms connected to the suspected pathogens", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "84ce80b0-b792-4f87-9eaa-58e8ac83b9da", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Male to Female ratio is", "exp": "The number of females per 1000 males is known as sex ratio Sex composition is one of the basic demographic characteristic of the population Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 482", "cop": 2, "opa": "Males for 1000 popultaion", "opb": "Females for 1000 males", "opc": "Males for 1000 females", "opd": "Females for 100 males", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "59e3ad04-e815-4ef8-bded-4254efe90940", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Venturimeter is used to measure", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Air velocity", "opb": "Size of suspended particles in the air", "opc": "Bed resistance in a slow sand filter", "opd": "SO2 content in the atmosphere", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "23a2e845-e193-4009-bd45-7620a05eebc9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Physical quality of life index includes", "exp": "Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) is an attempt to measure the quality of life or well-being of a country. The value is the average of three statistics: basic literacy rate, infant moality , and life expectancy at age one, all equally weighted on a 0 to 100 scale. HDI includes knowledge, income(GNI) and life expectancy at bih. Ref: Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 24th edition, Page no. 17", "cop": 2, "opa": "IMR, Literacy, Life expectancy at bih", "opb": "IMR, Literacy, Life expectancy at one year", "opc": "MMR, IMR and Life expectancy", "opd": "MMR, intake of calories per capital and IMR", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "44531c88-dc9d-430d-9ed4-8c1ddd294222", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Empowered Action Group state among the following", "exp": "Empowered action group states are socioeconomically backward states, they are 8 in number - Jharkand, Orissa, Chattisgarh, Rajasthan, Bihar, Madhya Prades, Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Maharashtra", "opb": "Karnataka", "opc": "Kerala", "opd": "Orissa", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "5ab29baa-99fe-4ba7-8b93-4590bbf97143", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A depot contraceptive DMPA is to be given every", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "1 month", "opb": "3 months", "opc": "2 months", "opd": "6 months", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c0e07c80-b445-4bcb-a434-6d98134b3715", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Exposure to multiple outcomes can be studied in", "exp": "In Coho study, multiple outcomes can be studied together. In Case control study, multiple exposures can be studied together. COHO STUDY: Time consuming & expensive study Incidence & RR can be calculated No recall bias Ethical problems are present & is not useful for rare diseases Loss of follow-up can be seen - max allowable attrition rate is < 5% ; ideal retention rate >= 95% HAWTHORN BIAS - study subjects alter their behavior without notice ; can be seen.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Coho study", "opb": "Case control study", "opc": "Cross sectional study", "opd": "Ecological study", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Classification, Coho Study", "id": "f4e0b827-3dc7-4c68-98ec-c1dd0e9fb87d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "First BCG vaccine is prepared from", "exp": "(B) Mycobacterium bovis > Calmette and Guerin, two French scientists began attenuating a virulent strain of M. bovis in 1906, with a view to develop a vaccine against tuberculosis. After 230 subcultures over a period of 13 years, they were able to evolve a strain - known as bacille Calmette Guerin or BCG - which was avirulent for man while retaining its capacity to induce an immune response. Initially BCG was given orally during 1921 to 1925. The first human was vaccinated by the intradermal technique in 1927. Recognition of the value of BCG came in 1948 when it was accepted by tuberculosis workers from all over the world as a safe preventive measure.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "opb": "Mycobacterium bovis", "opc": "Mycobacterium kansasii", "opd": "Mycobacterium scrofulaceum", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "ed8ad8b4-9f95-489c-a354-39980e40c755", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most impoant feature to diagnose severe anemia", "exp": "The most impoant signs to consider when deciding if the child has pneumonia are the child's respiratory rate and chest indrawing.In exhausted child, breathing may slow down and chest indrawing may be the only sign.Other signs of severe pneumonia are nasal flaring, grunting, cyanosis.Park 23e pg:170", "cop": 1, "opa": "Chest indrawing", "opb": "Cyanosis", "opc": "Grunting", "opd": "Nasal flaring", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Non communicable diseases", "id": "52cdf5af-c773-4932-9595-9546edeb1599", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Residual chlorine required for normal supply of water system in order to disinfect water born pathogen is", "exp": "Ans) a (0.5 mg/L) Ref Park 20th Edn P625The minimum recommended concentration of free chlorine is 0.5 mg/L, for one hour.Tests used for both free and combined chlorine after chlorination isBreak point chlorination- the point at which the residual chlorine appears and when all combined chlorine has been completely destroyed is the break point and the corresponding dosage in break point dosage.Other methods of water disinfectionOzonisationUltra violet irradiationNote- In disinfection of wells by using bleaching powder contact period of one hour is allowed before water is drawn for use.Chlorine demand-the dose of bleaching powder required for disinfec-tion of water. It is estimated by Horrock's apparatus.2.5 gm for 1000Ltrs,0.7 mg for 1 Ltr. Ideally once every week, in epidemic once every day. Con-tact period of 1 hour is essential to kill the bacteria and viruses. But chlo-rine has no effect on spores, protozoal cyst, helminthic ova, needs superchlorination. All viruses except Polio and hepatitis A are killed, these killed, by super chlorination.Indicator used in Horrock's apparatus-Starch -iodide solution. Orthotoludine test-detects both free and combined chlorine simultaneously. OTA test-free and combined chlorine separately", "cop": 1, "opa": "0.5mg/L", "opb": "1mg/L", "opc": "0.1mg/L", "opd": "2.5mg/L", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and Health", "id": "0ddc7f7a-85b6-4827-a7db-1bf4e63af394", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In Ecological studies, the unit of Observation is the", "exp": "(A) Population[?]ECOLOGICAL STUDIESoCross-sectional, Case-control & Cohort studies and Trials (and not just population case-series) could also be analyzed in relation to such 'ecological' variables and such units of analysis.oMost ecological analyses are based on population case-series.oEcological analyses are subject to the ecological fallacy.oIn an ecological study, the units of analysis are groups of people rather than individuals.oEcological studies can also be done by comparing populations in different places at the same time or in a time series, by comparing the same population in one place at different times.oIn ecological studies the unit of observation is the population or community.oDisease rates and exposures are measured in each of a series of populations and their relation is examined.oOften the information about disease and exposure is abstracted from published statistics and therefore does not require expensive or time.oEcological Concept:-Deficiencies in the biomedical concept gave rise to other concepts.-Ecologists put forward an attractive hypothesis which viewed health as a dynamic equilibrium between man and his environment, and disease a maladjustment of the human organism to environment.-Health implies the relative absence of pain and discomfort and a continuous relative adaptation & adjustment to the environment to ensure optimal function.oHuman ecology is a subset of more general science of ecologyoHuman ecosystem includes in addition to the natural environment, all the dimensions of the man-made environment - physical, chemical, biological.Other Options[?]Patient:-A patient is any recipient of health care services.-Patient is most often ill or injured & in need of treatment by a physician, advanced practice registered nurse, physiotherapist, physician assistant, psychologist, dentist, podiatrist, veterinarian, or other health care provider.[?]Concept of Disease-A condition in which body health is impaired, a departure from a state of health, an alteration of the human body interrupting the performance of vital functions.-Ecological point of view: disease is defined as 'a maladjustment of the human organism to the human organism to the environment-Sociological point of view: disease is considered a social phenomenon, occurring in all societies and defined & fought in terms of the particular cultural forces prevalent in the society.-Simple definition 'disease is just the opposite of health1[?]Case:-A case is defined as 'a person in the population or study group identified as having the particular disease, health disorder or condition under investigation.-A variety of criteria (E.g. clinical, biochemical, laboratory) may be used to identify cases.-Primary case refers to the first case of a communicable disease introduced into the population unit being studied.-Index case refers to the first case to come to the attention of investigator; it is not always the primary case.-Secondary cases are those developing from contact with primary case.-Suspect case is an individual (or group of individuals) who has all of the signs and symptoms of a disease or condition, yet has not been diagnosed as having the disease or had the cause of the symptoms connected tot he suspected pathogen.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Population", "opb": "Patient", "opc": "Individual", "opd": "Case", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "97405670-7316-4445-976f-905eb9a2bdca", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Black fly Transits", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Filaria", "opb": "Onchocerciasis", "opc": "Changes disease", "opd": "Oroya fever", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "69535c04-8959-4fc6-ba93-d2b432080753", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Mission Indradhanush was staed in", "exp": "Ans. is 'c' i.e., Dec 2014The Government of India launched Mission Indradhanush on 25th December 2014, to cover children who are either unvaccinated or paially vaccinated against seven vaccine preventable diseases, i.e., diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, polio, tuberculosis, measles and hepatitis B.The goal is to vaccinate all under-fives by the year 2020. Under the programme, four special vaccination compaigns will be conducted between January and June 2015. Intensive planning and monitoring experience of pulse polio immunization programme will be used.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Jan-05", "opb": "Jul-10", "opc": "Dec-14", "opd": "Mar-16", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "4127adf0-3ed5-4591-9f0f-e668fe18a11c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Variables are arranged in ascending or descendintg order to determine", "exp": "Ans. is 'c' i.e. Median", "cop": 3, "opa": "Mean", "opb": "Mode", "opc": "Median", "opd": "Range", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Measures of Central Tendency and Distribution", "id": "d1ddf324-eb67-4c72-acc8-49994f44f961", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In multibicillary leprosy, the follow up examination after adequate Rx should be done yearly for", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "3 years", "opb": "5 yrs", "opc": "10 years", "opd": "2 years", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "a3adc68a-b6eb-45d5-88a9-1e6f5ab92e6a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A patient will not shed organisms in", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Carrier State", "opb": "Incubation period", "opc": "Latent infection", "opd": "Convalescence", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "87734b8b-bcab-4b91-b536-0d2fe37ba3c3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The efficiency of cold chain system for oral polio vaccine as monitored by Vaccine Vial Monitor (VVM) depends on", "exp": "WHO grading of VVM in OPV: (Marker of pofency)\nIs based on colour changes in VVM: ONLY INNER SQUARE CHANGES COLOUR, circle always remain blue.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Change in colour of monitor", "opb": "Temperature indicator of the system", "opc": "Viral potency test", "opd": "Change in the colour of vaccine", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "184f4b56-7746-4377-9d95-5a8a01618e0b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The use of aluminium in vaccine is as", "exp": "Adjuvant in Vaccine Sometimes a substance is added to a vaccine to enhance the immune response by degree and/or duration, making it possible to reduce the amount of immunogen per dose or the total number of doses needed to achieve immunity. The commonly used adjuvant are aluminium salts (aluminium hydroxide, aluminium phosphate or potassium aluminium sulfate) which primarily enhance the immune response to proteins. They have been shown to be safe over several decades of use. Rarely, they may cause injection site reactions, including subcutaneous nodules, sterile abscess, granulomatous inflammation or contact hypersensitivity Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 111", "cop": 2, "opa": "Stabiliser", "opb": "Adjuvant", "opc": "Preservative", "opd": "Antibiotic", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Maternal and child care", "id": "fb0cedf9-08ba-4ca8-81fe-5d563b498f9a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Size of dust particles reaching alveoli", "exp": "Airborne transmission: Droplet nuclei Dried residue of droplets Tiny particles 1-10 microns e.g.\nTB, influenza, chickenpox, measles, Q fever. Particles in 1-5 micron range are liable to be easily drawn into the alveoli of the lungs and may be retained there.\nDust Larger droplets expelled. Settle down in form part of dust. Streptococci, pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungal spores and skin squamae - found in the dust of hospital wards.\nCoccidiodomycosis is spread through airborne transmission of fungal spores. Streptococcal and staphylococcal infection, pneumonia. TB. Q fever, psittacosis", "cop": 1, "opa": "<5 microns", "opb": "5-10 microns", "opc": ">15 microns", "opd": "10-15 microns", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "33f56f9b-95d7-4688-9ca3-6f7db580e2b6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Contraceptive of choice in diabetic patient", "exp": "BARRIER METHODS A variety of barrier or \"occlusive\" methods, suitable for both men and women are available. The aim of these methods is to prevent live sperm from meeting the ovum. Barrier methods have increased in popularity quite recently because of ceain contraceptive and non-contraceptive advantages. The main contraceptive advantage is the absence of side-effects associated with the \"pill\" and IUD. The non-contraceptive advantages include some protection from sexually transmitted diseases, a reduction in the incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease and possibly some protection from the risk of cervical cancer. Barrier methods require a high degree of motivation on the pa of the user. In general they are less effective than either the pill or the loop. They are only effective if they are used consistently and carefully. Types of barrier method Condom Female condoms Vaginal sponge (Today) Diaphragm Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 535", "cop": 2, "opa": "OCP", "opb": "Barrier method", "opc": "Sterilization", "opd": "Cu - T", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "a6f21d7b-16ff-47e7-8830-977d27926cb8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Phase 3 is", "exp": "Demographic cycle based on CBR & CDR Demographic cycle CBR CDR 1st stage High stationary High High 2nd stage Early expanding High Sta decreasing 3rd stage Late expanding Sta decreasing Already decreasing 4th stage Low stationary Low Low 5th stage Decline CDR > CBR", "cop": 2, "opa": "High Stationary Stage", "opb": "Late expanding stage", "opc": "Low Stationary stage", "opd": "Early expanding stage", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Preventive Medicine in Obstetrics, Paediatrics & Geriatrics", "id": "b63a7c28-43b5-4b58-9c04-92fbb37c2a32", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Effective size of sand in rapid sand filter is", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "0.2 mm", "opb": "0.1 mm", "opc": "0.8 mm", "opd": "0.5 mm", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ff7b014c-be5c-4eda-81a3-ea5e6d7380fd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Lyme disease is transmitted by", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Rat flea", "opb": "Mite", "opc": "Tick", "opd": "Mosquito", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "9235492e-1a11-4286-824e-cbbeb5df1b20", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Maximum concentration of vitamin A is found in", "exp": "(A) LiverRETINOL CONTENT OF SELECTED FOODSRetinol Equivalents (RE) (meg/100 g)* Halibut liver oil900,000* Carrot1167* Cod liver oil18,000* Spinach607* Liver, Ox16,500* Amaranth515* Butter825* Green leaves300* Margarine900* Mango, ripe313* Cheese350* Papaya118* Egg140* Orange25* Cow milk38* Tomato84* Fish40", "cop": 1, "opa": "Liver", "opb": "Pulses", "opc": "Egg", "opd": "Soybean", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "dd45bdba-5377-44b7-b6cb-0e0e5c827838", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common detion used in social medicine", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed", "cop": 4, "opa": "Mean", "opb": "Range", "opc": "Variance", "opd": "Standard detion", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "b1ce8b61-80a7-415d-90b4-d985f30e6998", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Carrier state is not important in transmission of", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Typhoid", "opb": "Poliomyelitis", "opc": "Measles", "opd": "Diphtheria", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "1c6bbfbb-14c1-4817-b4aa-92e66f8241ce", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Discase imported to a country for first time", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Exotic disease", "opb": "Epidemic", "opc": "Endemic", "opd": "Hyper endemic", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "1572e63d-7309-44b4-9bb4-9e3d0b032599", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Diagnostic power of a test is reflected by", "exp": "Diagnostic power of Screening test: Predictive accuracy (it tells the actual no.of people having the disease or not having the disease out of those shown positive or negative by a screening test, respectively) Diagnostic power of a screening test to correctly identify a disease: Positive predictive value(PPV). Diagnostic power of a screening test to correctly exclude a disease: Negative predictive value (NPV) Ref: Parl 25th edition Pgno: 153", "cop": 3, "opa": "image_question", "opb": "image_question", "opc": "image_question", "opd": "image_question", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Screening", "id": "8667d1a3-bee7-450c-9897-d44d2b2992a9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Study of designing equipment and devices that fit the human body, it&;s movements and it&;s cognitive abilities is", "exp": "Study of designing equipment and devices that fit the human body, it&;s movements and its cognitive abilities is ergonomics The object of ergonomics is \" to achieve the best mutual adjustment of man and his work, for the improvement of human efficiency and well-being\"Park 23e pg: 803", "cop": 2, "opa": "Economics", "opb": "Ergonomics", "opc": "Bionomics", "opd": "Socionomics", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Social science, Mental health & Genetics", "id": "61a90ebc-26b9-4d23-a6c5-bdf0fb98c4d3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Paucibacillary leprosy treatment includes", "exp": "(A) Rifampicn 600 mg once a month for 6 months + Dapsone 100 mg daily for 6 months # PAUCIBACILLARY CASES should also receive combined therapy in view of primary dapsone resistance which is becoming widespread. Recommended standard regimen for adults is: Rifampicin 600 mg once a month for 6 months, supervised Dapsone 100 mg (1-2 mg/kg of body weight), daily for 6 months.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Rifampicin 600 mg once a month for 6 months + Dapsone 100 mg daily for 6 months", "opb": "Rifampicin 600 mg + Dapsone 100 mg daily for 6 months", "opc": "Rifampicin 600 mg + Dapsone 100 mg + Clofazimine", "opd": "Dapsone 100 mg + Clofazimine 300 mg daily for 6 months", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "faf7124b-d92f-4145-8a23-55405c6dbbec", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Secular trend is best demonstrated by", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed", "cop": 1, "opa": "Line diagram", "opb": "Bar graph", "opc": "Stem leaf plot", "opd": "Box and whisker plot", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "0151d6c9-8573-4cca-b6c5-f364b1d02c8e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Trends can be best represented by", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Scatter diagram", "opb": "Line diagram", "opc": "Bar diagram", "opd": "Pie chart", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "07984aff-a1e9-47cf-9f04-e1471483012d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Dietary cycle is weighing of raw foods over a period of", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "1 day", "opb": "3 days", "opc": "7 days", "opd": "10 days", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "562d7c50-14e4-4214-aec2-a07a056bacbb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "DOT's indicates", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Short term treatment under supervision", "opb": "Short term treatment without", "opc": "Long term treatment with supervision", "opd": "Long tenn treatment with supervision", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "a14e2aa0-4fb2-467d-b08a-d942504af643", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not a feature of Anopheles is", "exp": "Description: Anopheles mosquito: Causes malaria and filaria Breeding habitat: Clean water Eggs laid singly with boat-shaped lateral floats Larvae have no Siphon tube; rest parallel to the undersurface of water Pupae have a broad and sho siphon tube Adults are inclined at an angle to the surface and with spotted wings Can fly 3-5 km Sophisticated mosquitoes Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 25th edition, Page No. 831", "cop": 2, "opa": "Spotted wings", "opb": "Siphon tube seen in larvae", "opc": "Boat shaped eggs", "opd": "Rest at an angle, inclined to the surface", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "c973dfbe-00f0-4c20-87fa-7e5723a7ad80", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The best indicator for determining the general level of air pollution in an urban area is", "exp": "(A) Sulphur dioxide > Best indicators of air pollution are sulphur dioxide, smoke, suspended particles.# Monitoring of air pollution> Best indicators of air pollution are sulphur dioxide, smoke and suspended particles> These are monitored on a daily basis over several sites. The results are then collected by a central agency.> Sulphur dioxide: This gas is a major contaminant in many urban and industrial areas. Its concentration is estimated in all air pollution surveys,", "cop": 1, "opa": "Sulphur dioxide", "opb": "Carbon dioxide", "opc": "Hydrogen", "opd": "Nitrogen", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "68e828b1-5b68-430e-bd78-1255bd952111", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Monkey disease is also known as", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Japanese Encephalitis", "opb": "Kyasanur forest disease", "opc": "Rickettsial Disease", "opd": "Rabies", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "66f44728-ecfd-4e27-a9ac-db23c417615e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Amniocentesis to detect chromosomal abnormalities can be done as early as", "exp": "Amniocentesis: examination of a sample of amniotic fluid makes possible the prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal anomalies and certain metabolic defects; the procedure can be used as early as 14th week of pregnancy when abortion of affected fetus is still feasible.", "cop": 1, "opa": "14th week of gestation", "opb": "18th week of gestation", "opc": "22nd week of gestation", "opd": "26th week of gestation", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "94b442ef-6a56-4f1f-9a03-21267b8fa470", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not used in health care planning", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "To match with limited resources", "opb": "Increasing demands for resources", "opc": "To plan best course of action", "opd": "To decrease wastage", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "7935eb16-c736-4edb-891a-8427000597fc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Human Development Index is", "exp": "Ans. b (Knowledge, Longevity and Income). (Ref. Park PSM 22nd /pg. 16).# HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX- Consist of three dimensions:- Longevity (life expectancy at birth);- Knowledge (Adult literacy rate and mean years of schooling); and- Income (real GDP per capita in purchasing power).- The HDI ranges between 0 to 1.- In India HDI is 0.602# PHYSICAL QUALITY OF LIFE INDEX (PQLI)- Consists of:- Infant mortality,- Life expectancy at age one, and- Literacy.- National and international comparison can be done- Kerala has highest PQLI# KUPUSWAMY INDEX- Kupuswamy index of social classification includes:# Education# Occupation# Income# SULLIVAN'S INDEX- This index (expectation of life free of disability is computed by subtracting from life expectancy the probable duration of bed disability and inability to perform major activities.- It is considered one of the most advanced indicators/measures of disability rate, currently available.# DALY (Disability Adjusted Life Years)- Measure of burden of disease in defined population and effectiveness of intervention.- 1 DALY = 1 lost year of healthy life.- HALE (Health Adjusted Life Years)- It consists of life expectancy at birth and adjustment of time spent in poor health.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Infant mortality, Longevity and Income", "opb": "Knowledge, Longevity and Income", "opc": "Infant mortality, Health infrastructure and Income", "opd": "Environment, Longevity and Income", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of Health and Disease", "id": "7ff148d9-0cbc-45d2-869d-6b9c48d43bc3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Low bih weight babies are at a higher risk of dying in the firstweek because", "exp": "Ref:Park's Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th ed", "cop": 4, "opa": "Congenital anomaly,bih injury,infections", "opb": "Bih injury,convulsions,asphyxia", "opc": "Convulsions,congenital anomaly,hypothermia", "opd": "Hypothermia,asphyxia,infections", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics", "id": "f95d8f54-96e9-49e6-9e2b-90ac0e114973", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The age and sex structure of a population may be best described by", "exp": "The age and sex composition of a country can be best described by population pyramid. Age group from 0-80+ is represented in a scale and the male and female population are represented on either side of the population pyramid. Reference: Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no: 482,483", "cop": 3, "opa": "Life table", "opb": "Correlation coefficient", "opc": "Population pyramid", "opd": "Bar cha", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "dbbc3a3a-8c15-40d4-9ab1-cd6d96596108", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Full form of ASHA", "exp": "ASHA: Accredited Social Health Activist", "cop": 2, "opa": "Associate social health activist", "opb": "Accredited social health activist", "opc": "Advanced social health activist", "opd": "Assistant social health activist", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health programmes in India", "id": "0f59363e-fba5-4e88-9d9b-0dd9e6e52372", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Screening under RNTCP emphasizes on", "exp": "Over-reliance on chesl X-ray was a draw back of National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) which was over come by Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme(RNTCP) which staed diagnosing patient by sputum microscopy &;A nation-wide network of RNTCP qaality assured designated sputum smear microscopy laboratories has been set up, providing appropriate, available, affordable and accessible diagnostic services for TB suspects and cases. Ref: Park 24th edition", "cop": 1, "opa": "Sputum microscopy", "opb": "Chest X-ray", "opc": "PCR", "opd": "Sputum culture", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "4da362be-88e9-4098-8fe9-256a62c36ede", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The area is declared free of epidemic", "exp": "Investigation of an Epidemic:\n– To define magnitude or involvement (time, place, person)\n– To determine responsible conditions and factors\n– To identify causes, source(s) and modes of transmission\n– To make recommendations to prevent reoccurrence.", "cop": 1, "opa": "No new case reported for twice the incubation period of disease since the last case", "opb": "No new case reported for the incubation period of disease since the last case", "opc": "Till last secondary case recovers", "opd": "No new case reported for six months since the last case", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "a11eb7b5-cb08-4941-a5ed-a2b6597b0216", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In normal delivery, breast feeding should be started", "exp": "Breast feeding should be iniated within 30 min. of a normal vaginal delivery!.\nBreast feeding should be initiated within 4 hrs of delivery by caesarian section.", "cop": 1, "opa": "1/2 hour after delivery", "opb": "2 hour after delivery", "opc": "4 hour after literary", "opd": "6 hour after delivery", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "5f2b875e-7c82-45ef-875b-027c5500d9ba", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Kyoto Protocol is for;", "exp": "Kyoto protocol is designated towards reducing greenhouse gas emission. It was signed by 187 countries on 16th Feb, 2005. It includes CO2, N20, CFC, CH4, SF6 and PFC. It is linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).", "cop": 3, "opa": "Water sanitization", "opb": "Food and nutrition", "opc": "To reduce greenhouse gas emission", "opd": "Water chlorination", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "FMGE 2019", "id": "ef22816d-d99c-4a4f-996e-1fc259afb27c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The severity of disease is assessed by", "exp": "Case Fatality rate represents the killing power of the disease, it is closely related to virulence. It is simply a ratio* of death to cases.\nTotal no. of deaths due to particular disease x 100. Case Fatality rate = Total no. of cases due to same disease.\nCase fatality rate is typically used in acute infectious diseases e.g. (food poisoning, cholera, measles)\nIts usefulness for chronic disease is limited because the period from onset to death is long & variable.\nThe case fatality rate for the same disease may vary in different epidemics because of changes in agent, host & environment factors.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Case fatality rate", "opb": "Standardized mortality rate", "opc": "Incidence rate", "opd": "Prevalence rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6f573cc9-1e47-41d2-931b-1afb4a3cd899", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Vaccine contraindicated in pregnancy", "exp": "In pregnancy all live vaccines are contraindicated except yellow fever. Ref:- K Park, 24th ed; pg num:- 108", "cop": 2, "opa": "Hep A", "opb": "Varicella", "opc": "Rabies", "opd": "Hep B", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "e4b59080-959d-4178-81c8-5f26b3f66cb5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The drug recommended for chemoprophylaxis 1 day before induction into high altitude areas is", "exp": "Acetazolamide is the drug of choice for Acute Mountain Sickness prevention. It inhibits renal carbonic anhydrase, causing a prompt bicarbonate diuresis that leads to metabolic acidosis and hyperventilation.Acetazolamide (125-250 mg twice a day), administered for 1 day before ascent and continued for 2 or 3 days, is effective. Higher doses are not required.Ref: Harrison&;s principles of Internal Medicine; 19th edition; Chapter 476e Altitude Illness", "cop": 1, "opa": "Acetazolamide", "opb": "Furosamide", "opc": "Doxycycline", "opd": "Paracetamol", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "dc636c4c-de99-4844-8261-cec92c66b814", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A one day census of inpatients in a mental hospital could", "exp": "A census is defined by UN as the total process of collecting,complying and publishing demographic,economic and social data peaining at a specified time or times to all persons in a country or delimited territory", "cop": 1, "opa": "Give good information about the patients in that hospital at that time", "opb": "Give reliable estimates of seasonal factors in admission", "opc": "Enable us to draw conclusions about the mental hospitals of India", "opd": "Enable us to estimate the distribution of different diagnosis in mental illness in the local area", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "87f40c0c-7659-4ea2-9800-de126705bc75", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In a population of 5000, incidence of disease is 100 in 1 year. Duration of disease studied for is 2 years. Calculate prevalence", "exp": "Ref: Parks 23rd edition pg 61. Prevalence = Incidence x Duration = (100/5000) x 2 = (20/1000) x 2 = 40/1000", "cop": 2, "opa": "20\\/1000", "opb": "40\\/1000", "opc": "80\\/1000", "opd": "400\\/1000", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "45a8ce31-3939-486b-bde1-51f2dbef36a3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "RCA latrine stands for", "exp": "The Research Cum Action Project at Tamil Nadu, financed by the Ford Foundation and Ministry of Health, Government of India, has its genesis in 1956. The major objective of the project was to improve Educational Methods, Conducting Systematic Research in various Public Health Programmes and to evolve a Low-Cost Sanitary Latrine suitable for the rural household.pg no:795", "cop": 1, "opa": "Research cum action Project", "opb": "Revised cum action project", "opc": "Regular cum action project", "opd": "Reorientation cum action project", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "8e302356-0d86-4b5b-8803-9acc912f7bd3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Death Rate due to Tuberculosis in 2109", "exp": "Death Rate due to Tuberculosis is around 1 Person for 4 minutes", "cop": 2, "opa": "1 Person per 1 Minute", "opb": "1 Person per 4 Minutes", "opc": "1 person per 10 Minutes", "opd": "1 person per 1 Hour", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "515ecc14-deda-411f-9347-c8ad9e16898e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Post exposure prophylaxis is given in A/E", "exp": "Ans. is 'c' i.e., Pertussis Active immunoprophylaxis after exposure to disease is recommended for:RabiesTetanusHepatitisMeasles (within three days of exposure)*VaricellaMeasles vaccine can be given post exposure (within three days of exposure) because incubation period of measles is 7 days when the respiratory tract is bypassed (as with vaccine which is given subcutaneously) whereas normal incubation period is 10 days* from exposure to onset of fever (and 14 days to appearance of rash).", "cop": 3, "opa": "Rabies", "opb": "Measles", "opc": "Pertusis", "opd": "Hepatitis B", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Whooping Cough (Pertussis)", "id": "323911f6-2d59-4ab9-9cd5-a9f3ca00e472", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Additional daily energy required during pregnancy and lactatoin", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "350 kcals, 350 kcals", "opb": "350 kcals, 600 kcals", "opc": "450 kcals, 600 kcals", "opd": "450 kcals, 350 kcals", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b29c2e93-a022-4db8-8b49-709a824b7c47", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Framingham Hea study is an example of", "exp": "Framingham hea study is an example of a coho study.Initiated in 1948, to study the relationship of a number of risk factors to the subsequent development of cardiovascular disease.The study showed an increased risk of CHD with increasing serum cholesterol levels in 45-54 age group.Risk factors have been found to include male sex, advancing age, high serum lipid concentrate, high blood pressure, cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, obesity, low vital capacity and ceain ECG abnormalities.Park 23e pg: 80", "cop": 2, "opa": "Case control study", "opb": "Coho study", "opc": "Cross sectional study", "opd": "Interventional study", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "c6c7c2f5-ed96-4922-9e84-0aa523c0b1eb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Swine flu is caused most commonly by", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.e., HiNi Swine flu Swine flu, also called swine influenza, or pig influenza, is caused by influenza virus. It is mainly occurs in swines (pigs) and occasionally transmitted to human. It is usually caused by influenza virus type A (Hi-NI). Incubation period is about 1-3 days and the symptoms of swine flu in humans are similar to most influenza infections, e.g. fever, cough, rhinorrhea, fatigue and headache. Other influenza virus causing swine flu, occasionally, are H,N2, H2N,, 1-13N2 and H2N3", "cop": 1, "opa": "HIN,", "opb": "H5N,", "opc": "H3N2", "opd": "B virus", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "8bf58a11-1d61-4c13-82e8-a3b643334626", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Fresh bleaching powder contains", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "0.33% chlorine", "opb": "3.3% chlorine", "opc": "33% chlorine", "opd": "0.033% chlorine", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "a73530d4-81ba-443c-ac7d-458e27e5d675", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Optimum unit of preventive, curative and promotive health care is", "exp": "Health care characteristics include 1) Appropriateness - relevance 2) Comprehensiveness - optimum mix of preventive, curative and promotional services. 3) adequacy 4) availability 5) accessibility 6) affordability 7) feasibility Ref: Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine,24th edition, Page no. 33", "cop": 4, "opa": "Appropriateness", "opb": "Availability", "opc": "Adequacy", "opd": "Comprehensiveness", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "0677dffe-ef89-4baa-88f1-11c5592b0330", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Additional energy requirement during Pregnancy (Kcalories/day)", "exp": "Energy requirement MAN WOMAN Sedentary 2300 1900 (kcal/day) Moderate 2700 2200 (kcal/day) Heavy 3500 2900 (kcal/day) Additional energy requirements 2/3rd trimester - + 350 1st trimester- 150 2/3rd trimester - 350 Lactation 0-6 month = +600 6-12 month = +520", "cop": 3, "opa": "+300 kcal", "opb": "+600 kcal", "opc": "+350 kcal", "opd": "+520 kcal", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "FMGE 2018", "id": "b0ec7807-cf0b-4ad6-bec4-bb598ff766b5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "IQ=49", "exp": "WHO classification of Mental retardation(MR) mild MR...IQ 50-70 moderate MR ...35-49 severe MR..IQ 20-34 profound MR...IQ under 20 ref; (page no;637) 25th edition of PARK's textbook of Preventive and Social medicine", "cop": 2, "opa": "Mild MR", "opb": "Moderate MR", "opc": "Severe MR", "opd": "Profound MR", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Social science, Mental health & Genetics", "id": "597c0941-cee7-4e65-ae0d-3abc16a8a05d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Specific protection is a type of", "exp": "(A) Primary prevention LEVELS OF PREVENTION* Primordial preventionPrevention of emergence of risk factor, through education* Primary preventionElimination or modification of risk factors throughPopulation (Mass) strategyHigh risk strategy* Secondary preventionActions which halts the progress of the disease at its incipient stage and prevent complication through early diagnosis of adequate treatment* Tertiary preventionIntervention in the late pathogenesis phase - to reduce or limit impair-ment and disabilities through rehabilitation-- psychosocial, vocational etc.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Primary prevention", "opb": "Early secondary prevention", "opc": "Late secondary prevention", "opd": "Tertiary prevention", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "56bd70f9-e929-4f42-8701-6046511a30e0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Health related goal in Sustainable Development Goals", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed P.523", "cop": 4, "opa": "SGD 4", "opb": "SDG 6", "opc": "SDG 2", "opd": "SDG 3", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health programmes in India", "id": "7aacadfa-1bf0-4cdc-ad56-538a338853a4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Theory of contagion was first given by", "exp": "Fracastorius, an Italian physician enunciated the 'theory of contagion'. He envisaged the transfer of infection minute invisible paicles and explained the cause of epidemics. Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 5", "cop": 2, "opa": "Paracelsus", "opb": "Fracastorius", "opc": "Vesalius", "opd": "Pare", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "4c51f2cd-3734-417a-932f-71d58c459ccc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The effective temperature of ‘comfort zone’ is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "69 – 76°F", "opb": "83 – 85°F", "opc": "77 – 80°F", "opd": "86 – 90°F", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ff06866f-cf27-406e-818f-c0e98bf56e00", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Elimination ofleprosy is defined as prevalance", "exp": "Ans. is \"b' i.e., < 1 per 10000 \"As a result of the hard work and meticulously planned and executed activities, the country achieved the goal of elimination of leprosy s public health problem, defined as less than 1 ease per 10000 population. at the National level in the month of December, 2005. As on 31st December 2005. prevalence rate recorded in the country was 0.95/10,000 population\"", "cop": 2, "opa": "< 1 per 1000", "opb": "< 1 per 10000", "opc": "< 1 per I lakh", "opd": "< 1 per 100", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "911324fc-e41c-4c8b-954e-e43821b29a41", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "During the demographic transition, demographic dividend is due to decrease in", "exp": "The demographic transition is the transition from high bih and death rates to lower bih and death rates as a country or region develops. This demographic shift initiates the demographic dividend. With fewer younger dependents, due to declining feility and child moality rates, and fewer older dependents, due to the older generations having shoer life expectancies (as in India) Demographic burden is the ratio of the number of persons under working age and over working age per 1000 people of working age. The dependency ratio is a measure showing the number of dependents, aged zero to 14 and over the age of 65, to the total population, aged 15 to 64. It is also referred to as the \"total dependency ratio.\" Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 484", "cop": 1, "opa": "Demographic burden", "opb": "Demographic gain", "opc": "Demographic loss", "opd": "Demographic bonus", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "cdb4061a-ae26-46fa-8f63-45de86a663c0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Type of Growth Charts used by Anganwadi workers (ICDS) for growth monitoring", "exp": "• In NRHM and ICDS, Government of India has adopted WHO Child Growth Standards 2006 (also known as MGRS ‘Multicentre Growth Reference Study’ Standards)\n– Normal zone\n– Below -2 SD: Malnutrition\n– Below -3 SD: Severe Malnutrition", "cop": 1, "opa": "NCHS", "opb": "IAP", "opc": "MRGS", "opd": "CDC", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "bd9eaeaf-ce2f-43ed-9b6b-6dc4923d7526", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In a standard deviation of 2, confidence limit is", "exp": "(B) 95.4% # In a NORMAL CURVE, the area between one standard deviation on either side of the mean will include 68%, the area between two standard deviations 95.4% and the area between three standard deviations will include 99.7% of the values in the distribution.> In a Normal curve: Area between one standard deviation on either side of the mean (x +- la) will include approximately 68 per cent of the values in the distribution Area between two standard deviations on either side of the mean (~x +- 2a) will cover most of the values, i.e., approximately 95 per cent of the values Area between (x +- 3a) will include 99.7 per cent of the values. These limits on either side of the mean are called 'confidence limits'.", "cop": 2, "opa": "68.30%", "opb": "95.40%", "opc": "99.70%", "opd": "76.20%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "f63787e1-1585-498f-b85f-9ce283743f2b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "TB research centre located at", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Chennai", "opb": "Bangalore", "opc": "Kolkatta", "opd": "Delhi", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "0105c7b9-be5b-440d-bf9e-70e87ef822bb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Bagassosis is due to inhalation of", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Cotton dust", "opb": "Sugarcane dust", "opc": "Tobacco dust", "opd": "Rice barn dust", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c7ff1edd-34a9-4e9c-b782-d41fb45a2e67", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Vaccine undergoing phase 3 trial for HIV is", "exp": "AIDSVAX is an experimental HIV vaccine that was developed originally at Genentech in San Francisco, California, and later tested by the VaxGen company, a Genentech offshoot. A repo published in the December 2009 New England Journal of Medicine on this Thailand clinical trial, also known as the RV144 trial, of the vaccine known as \"ALVAC-AIDSVAX B/E\" showed the combination treatment's efficacy ranging from 26.1 to 31.4%, which though far from optimal makes the combination AIDSVAX-Aventis vaccine one of the first impoant milestones in the world's struggle to produce a globally effective HIV vaccine. However, during the study seven paicipants were removed from the study when the results showed they had already been found with an HIV-1 infection at baseline, which changed the result from 26.1 to 31.4% vaccination efficacy. Ref: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIDSVAX", "cop": 2, "opa": "nVA", "opb": "AIDS VAX", "opc": "CTL strain", "opd": "vDX", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "f4f1ea96-efc7-4de9-95c1-03f30887ccc9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Contraindication of OC Pills", "exp": "Contraindications of OCP's Absolute contraindications Relative contraindications: (Require medical surveillance) Breast cancer Genital cancer Liver disease H/o thromboembolism Cardiac abnormalities Congenital hyperlipidemia. Undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding Pregnancy Age >40 years Smoking and age >35 years Mild hypeension Chronic renal disease Epilepsy Migraine Nursing mothers (0-6 months) Diabetes mellitus Gall bladder disease History of infrequent bleeding Amenorrhoea Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 537", "cop": 1, "opa": "Liver disease", "opb": "PID", "opc": "Renal disease", "opd": "Epilepsy", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "47228fb1-7cd2-437c-8065-36a520a05640", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Anthracosis is caused by;", "exp": "Anthracosis is caused by Coal dust. There are two general phases in Anthracosis The first phase is simple pneumoconiosis which is associated with little ventilatory impairment. The second phase is characterised by progressive massive fibrosis (PMF); this causes severe respiratory disability and frequently results in premature death.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Silica", "opb": "Asbestos", "opc": "Coal dust", "opd": "Sugar cane waste", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "FMGE 2019", "id": "c2eb6d09-8523-43b0-8fd0-f1cf1525d017", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Incubation period of salmonella in food poisoning", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "1-6 hours", "opb": "12-24 hours", "opc": "1-2 days", "opd": "6-12 hours", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c53f8bc6-9162-474f-8095-650c25209ad7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "RCH phase 2 does not include", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Immunization of pregnant women", "opb": "Treatment of STD/RTI", "opc": "Early registration of pregnancy upto 12-16 weeks", "opd": "Feed to malnourished children", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "d4591a67-4704-4912-9b1d-c23952e49a77", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Antivenom is given", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "I.V (Intravenous)", "opb": "I. M (Intra muscular)", "opc": "S. C (Sub-Cutaneous)", "opd": "I. D (Intra - Dermal)", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6ce718c4-069b-418b-9633-4217cf50d265", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug of choice for Falciparum Malaria is", "exp": "Drug of choice for Plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium malariae is ACT (Aemisinin Combination Therapy) + primaquine Doc for plasmodium vivax & ovale - chloroquine + primaquine Also remember chemoprophylaxis of malaria: - Sho term - Doxycycline - Long term - Mefloquine", "cop": 3, "opa": "Chloroquine", "opb": "Mefloquine", "opc": "ACT", "opd": "Proguanil", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "NVBDCP, NLEP", "id": "f23cd7c6-4c62-4cbf-b707-6c2736cec6c2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A 14 year old boy having lost his father a year ago, is caught shoplifting. The boy will be sent to", "exp": "Ans. is 'd' i.e., A remand home", "cop": 4, "opa": "An orphanage", "opb": "An anganwari", "opc": "A prison", "opd": "A remand home", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ef6e5a1d-a189-4e27-aef7-f26ac431e49b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": ". Best for studying the decline in percentage of syphilis in men and women in last 10 years", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Pie chart", "opb": "Histogram", "opc": "Frequency polygon", "opd": "Line diagram", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c9265d73-2dab-44a9-abc3-3d960372d785", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Maximum Biological value is for", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Egg", "opb": "Soya", "opc": "Milk", "opd": "Rice", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "d7aee94d-4732-4893-ada5-adea7ec1cd9b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "ASHA ( accredited social health activist) works at", "exp": "In NRHM at village level with 1000 population, one ASHA and AWWs are present Ref: Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine 23rd edition", "cop": 2, "opa": "Community level", "opb": "Village level", "opc": "PHC level", "opd": "District level", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health programmes in India", "id": "b331b96a-e132-474c-923c-37d112b001ff", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Goal of reduction in morbidity and mortality due to malaria by 2010 is", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "25% reduction", "opb": "100% reduction", "opc": "75% reduction", "opd": "50% reduction", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "bf3f93e4-3b5b-4559-a07b-27fbb76365a6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Ayushman Bharat was staed in the year", "exp": "Ref: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 2th ed", "cop": 4, "opa": "2015", "opb": "2016", "opc": "2019", "opd": "2018", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health programmes in India", "id": "0c97b783-e2a0-4e60-a4f4-bc418c45d32b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Acculturation is", "exp": "Acculturation means &;culture contact&;. When there is contact between two people with different types of culture, there is diffusion between of culture both ways.Park 23e pg: 672", "cop": 2, "opa": "Triage", "opb": "Cultural change due to socialization", "opc": "Attitude", "opd": "Belief", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Social science, Mental health & Genetics", "id": "1f91cfcc-fd06-4a1e-82ac-be8808502759", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "“Field carcinogenesis” is seen in", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Breast carcinoma", "opb": "Colon carcinoma", "opc": "Brain tumour", "opd": "Head and neck carcinoma", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e9186ee8-bc04-4c46-a200-7bee9c19fe8a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The annual growth rate of a Country was found to be 1.3, country rating under population growth would be under", "exp": "< o.5Slow growth0.5 - 1.0Moderate growth1.0 - 1.5Rapid growth1.5 - 2.0Very rapid growthMore than 2.0 is explosive growth.Currently, India has 1.2% annual growth with 132 crores (in 2016)(Ref:- Park. 23rd ed. Page no 481)", "cop": 2, "opa": "Moderate growth", "opb": "Rapid growth", "opc": "Very rapid growth", "opd": "Explosive growth", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "788c7751-02fb-4c9c-9ba8-e8f487bcca74", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Appropriate statistical test to compare two propoions", "exp": "Ref:Parks 23rd edition pg 852 Here, propoion is a Qualitative measure, so we use Chi-square. Tests of significance: Qualitative: Chi- square : 2 or more than 2 groups Mc Nemar test : 1 group. ( before and after intervention) Quantitative: Paired T test: 1 group Student T test/ unpaired T test: 2 groups Anova: more than 2 groups.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Chi-square test", "opb": "Student's t-test", "opc": "Odds ratio", "opd": "Correlation coefficient", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "06478d3c-d0d3-4e73-804b-3a4969110bf8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Fast breathing in less than 2 months old chld the respiratory rate is", "exp": "Ref:Park's Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th ed", "cop": 1, "opa": "60 breaths per minute", "opb": "50 breaths per minute", "opc": "40 breaths per minute", "opd": "30 breaths per minute", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics", "id": "378413cb-0222-44aa-9930-7829c81e945e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Kala azar is transmitted by", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Phlebotomous papatasii", "opb": "Phlebotomous sergenti", "opc": "Phlebotomous argentipes", "opd": "Phlebotomous punjabensis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "7d82d69f-79fc-4c4a-81a0-5019cada32e3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Infective period of chicken pox is", "exp": "Chicken Pox Synonym: Varicella Causative agent : Varicella zoster virus Incubation period: 14-16 days Source of infection : Case (person-to-person contact) Mode of transmission : Air droplets (respiratory) Period of communicability : 1-2 days before to 4-5 days after appearance of rash Secondary Attack rate : 90% Rash: Dew drop on rose petal Apperance. Centripetal distribution pleomorphic rash Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 157", "cop": 2, "opa": "2 days before and 2 days after rash appearance", "opb": "2 days before and 5 days after rash appearance", "opc": "4 days before and 4 days after rash appearance", "opd": "4 days before and 5 days after rash appearance", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "c1425b88-ab24-4aff-9ee2-509ff29c80d6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Sputum examination for AFB is a type of", "exp": "Sputum AFB is a diagnostic test intended for the early diagnosis and adequate treatment. Secondary prevention: an action which halts the progress of the disease at its incipient stage and prevents complications. The interventions include early diagnosis and treatment. Ref: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 24th edition - Page no. 46", "cop": 2, "opa": "Primary prevention", "opb": "Secondary prevention", "opc": "Teiary prevention", "opd": "Primordial prevention", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "3d9e6ccd-227a-4e4e-910a-33f67517723c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The recommended concentration of free chlorine is", "exp": "The chlorine demand of water is the difference between the amount of chlorine added to the water and the amount of residual chlorine remaining at the end of a specific period of contact (usually 60 min)The point at which chlorine demand of water is met is called the &;breakpoint chlorine&;Chlorine added beyond breakpoint chlorine is free chlorine (HOCl and OCl). The minimum recommended concentration of free chlorine is 0.5 mg/L for one hour.The free chlorine provides a margin of safety against subsequent microbial contamination such as may occur during storage and distribution.Park 23e pg: 715", "cop": 2, "opa": "0.2mg/dl", "opb": "0.5mg/dl", "opc": "5mg/dl", "opd": "10mg/dl", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "521785c7-ebc4-4bc8-bc9f-42c67d0481ae", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Direct standardisation is used to compare moality data of two countries. This is done because of difference in", "exp": "If we want to compare the death rates of two populations with different age-composition, the crude death rate is not the right yardstick This is because rates are only comparable if the populations upon which they are based ae comparable.It is cumbersome to use a series of age-specific death rates, hence &;age standardization&; is used to remove the confounding effect of different age groups.Park 23epg: 59", "cop": 4, "opa": "Causes of deaths", "opb": "Numerators", "opc": "Denominators", "opd": "Age distribution", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "b4c8c38a-60bb-4096-a4c8-0e051545ffb7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Bat is the reservior for,", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Japanese encephalitis", "opb": "Ebola", "opc": "Zika", "opd": "Malaria", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c2eb7540-e6b5-495e-8204-cceca3f08676", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Under RCH programme, intervention done in selected districts", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Treatment of STD", "opb": "Immunization", "opc": "ORS therapy", "opd": "Vitamin A supplementation", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c1fefc06-ae2f-439c-9a74-bcd1595fe6ef", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Best latrine for rural community is", "exp": "(B) Dug well # Advantages of Dug well type of latrine are:> It is easy to construct and no special equipment such as an auger is needed to dig the pit> The pit has a longer life than the bore hole because of greater cubic capacity. A pit 75 cm (30 in.) diameter and 3 to 3.5 m (10-12 ft.) deep will last for about 5 years for a family of 4 to 5 persons.> When the pit is filled up, a new pit is constructed.> The action of the dug well latrine is the same as in the bore hole latrine, i.e., anaerobic digestion.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Bore hole", "opb": "Dug well", "opc": "Water seal", "opd": "septic tank", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "463f6db8-cdc5-48bd-8653-5b52562c2561", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Endemic typhus cause and vector is", "exp": "Endemic Typhus Is also known as 'Flea borne typhus' or 'Murine Typhus' Causative agent : Rickettsia typhi (R.mooseri) Reservoir: Rats Mode of Transmission : Rat Flea (Xenopsylla cheopsis) - But not Through bite, rather through feces innoculation on skin or inhalation of dried infective faeces Incubation period : 1-2 weeks Weil-Felix reaction: Becomes positive with proteus OX-19 in 2nd week Drug of choice : Tetracycline Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 316", "cop": 2, "opa": "R. prowazki and louse", "opb": "R. typhi and Rats", "opc": "R. conori and tick", "opd": "R. akari and mite", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "289b2337-8c21-45e7-b667-f40b43a6c7c4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Dental fluorosis is best seen in", "exp": "Dental fluorosis occurs when excess fluoride is ingested during first 7 years of life (years of tooth calcification) It occurs at levels above 1.5 mg/litre intake. It is characterized by \"Mottling\" Which is best seen on incisors of upper jaw Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 682 Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed Pgno : 682", "cop": 2, "opa": "Central and lateral incisors", "opb": "Central incisors & 1st molars", "opc": "1st and 2nd molars", "opd": "Canines", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and health", "id": "ba82fdec-b10c-42ce-b73b-27ae6938cafe", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Iceberg phenomenon is not seen in", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "AIDS", "opb": "TB", "opc": "Measles", "opd": "Poliomyelitis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e7f2d2c4-f37e-4050-a7e8-8871a6b81a4b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Cigar shaped egg is seen in", "exp": "Description: Eggs laid in groups and cigar shaped. Each raft contains 100-250 eggs Eggs are oval shaped and are not provided with lateral floats. Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 25th Edition, Pg 831", "cop": 1, "opa": "Culex", "opb": "Aedes", "opc": "Anopheles", "opd": "Mansonia", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "7534a93b-b640-4a48-9c4a-d10a93c20729", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Disease described as \"Silent Epidemic\" of the century", "exp": "Alzheimer's was considered as silent epidemic of the century. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 45", "cop": 3, "opa": "Ischeamic hea disease", "opb": "Road traffic accident", "opc": "Alzheimers disease", "opd": "Obesity", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "6cdea194-e7d7-40e8-9746-b4eafb852493", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Community health centres covering a population of", "exp": "(80 - 120,000) (753 - Park 19th) (807-Park 20th)* CHC: Covering a population of 80, 000 to 1.20 lakhs.* 30 Beds* Specialist is surgery medicine, obstetrics & Gynaecology and paediatrics* X ray and laboratory facilities* PHC - Every 30,000 rural population in the plains* Every 20,000 population in hilly, tribal and backwardFunctions of PHC1. Medical care2. MCH including family planning3. Safe water supply and basic sanitation4. Prevention and control of locally endemic disease5. Collection and reporting of vital statistics6. Education about health7. National health programme8. Referral services9. Training of health guides, health workers, local dais health assistants10. Basic laboratory services", "cop": 3, "opa": "40-60,000", "opb": "60-80,000", "opc": "80- 1.20,000", "opd": "More than 1.20,000", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Healthcare of the Community & International Health", "id": "9effc8eb-ccee-4299-9dfd-774853383aee", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Sorghum is pellagrogenic due to excess content of", "exp": "Jowar (sorghum) Jowar is also known as kaffir corn or Milo. It is a major crop grown in India next only to wheat and rice. For several population groups, it is a staple diet. The protein content of jowar varies from 9 to 14 per cent, and the proteins are limiting in lysine and threonine. Ceain varieties of jowar have a high leucine content and consumption of these varieties is associated with pellagra. This disorder is often seen in the Telengana and Marathwada regions where jowar is predominantly consumed. Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 23th Ed Pgno: 628", "cop": 3, "opa": "Lysine", "opb": "Threonine", "opc": "Leucine", "opd": "Tryptophan", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and health", "id": "9ccf6348-49f5-453c-9f75-37a99ac5ea3d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Recommended fluoride levels in the water should be", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "<2 ppm", "opb": "<1 ppm", "opc": "<1 g/litre", "opd": "<2 g/litre", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b84c90b8-2f19-481c-b93c-2ce0a2e4b439", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Iodine requirement during lactation is", "exp": "IODINE REQUIREMENT India has adopted WHO guidelines of Iodine requirement 150 mcg per day in Adults, 250 mcg per day in pregnancy and Lactation US recommended daily allowances (RDA) for iodine intake are 150 mcg in adults, 220-250 mcg in pregnant women, and 250-290 mcg in breastfeeding women. Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 662", "cop": 4, "opa": "100 mcg per day", "opb": "150 mcg per day", "opc": "220 mcg per day", "opd": "290 mcg per day", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and health", "id": "48af2598-2571-4450-860e-c0235bc8c4e1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Decreased level of serum Vit B6 is seen in", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "CRF", "opb": "INH therapy", "opc": "CHF", "opd": "Alcohol", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "10dd91d4-bdc1-448a-9278-53052b22aaf3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Level of residual chlorine after one hour", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "l mg/L", "opb": "1.5 mg/L", "opc": "0.5 mg/L", "opd": "2 mg/L", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "8a41677e-9e3c-406b-9ae1-54dec39c106b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A 7 month child presented with chest indrawing with no danger sign is seen the respiratory rate is 65 is classified as", "exp": "(Severe pneumonia): (162- Park 22nd/ edition)Classification and management of illness in young infantsSIGNSStopped feeding well,Convulsions,Abnormally sleepy or difficult to wake,Stridor in calm childWheezing orFever or low body temperatureCLASSIFY ASVERY SEVERE DISEASETREATMENTRefer urgently to hospital Keep young infant warm Give first dose of an antibioticSIGNSSevere chest indrawing, or fast breathing (60 per minute or more)No severe chest indrawing and No fast breathing (less than 60 per minute)CLASSIFY ASSEVERE PNEUMONIANO PNEUMONIA COUGH OR COLDTREATMENTRefer urgently to hospital Keep young infant warm. Give fist dose of an antibiotic (if referral is not feasible , treat with an antibiotic and follow closely)Advise mother to give the following home care- Keep young infant warm- Breast-feed frequently- Clear nose if it interferes with feedingReturn quickly if:-Breathing becomes difficult,Breathing becomes fast,Feeding becomes a problemThe young infant becomes sicker", "cop": 2, "opa": "Very severe pneumonia", "opb": "Severe pneumonia", "opc": "Pneumonia", "opd": "Moderate pneumonia", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable Diseases", "id": "ebb3402b-c1a7-4559-8559-87d102d8e289", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Measles vaccination is given at age of", "exp": "Ans) b (9 months) Ref Park 20th ed p 113Another simple question. Just go through the Indian national immunization schedule:a) For infants At birthBCG and OPV - 0 doseAt 6 weeksBCG (if not given at birth) DPT-1 and OPV-1At 10 weeksDPT-2 and OPV-2At 14 weeksDPT-3 and OPV-3At 9 monthsmeaslesb) At 16-24 months-DPT and OPVc) 5- 6 years- DT The second dose of DT should be given at an interval of one month if there is no clear history or documented evidence of previous immunization with DPTd) At 10 and 16 years- TT. The second dose of TT should be given at an interval of one month if there is no clear history or documented evidence of previous immuniza tion with DPT, DT, or TT vaccinese) For pregnant women-early in pregnancy- TT-1 or Booster one month after TT-1, TT-2Resveratrol, a phytoalexin, and Curcumin the natural yellow pigment in turmeric elicit striking inhibitory effects on diverse cellular events associated with the process of carcinogenesis.Lycopene, a carotenoid present in tomatoes is a powerful quencher of singlet oxygen. Epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that lycopene consumption and tomato products contribute to prostate cancer risk reduction.Kolaviron, a natural biflavonoid antioxidant has been extensively investigated for it hepatoprotective, radical scavenging and antigenotoxic properties in vitro and in vivo.Preventative anticarcinogens act by enhancing an organism's natural defences against cancer, by deactivating carcinogens or by blocking the mechanisms by which carcinogens act (such as free radical damage to DNA).Anticarcinoma agents participate in the selective destruction of cancer cells, or inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancer cells.There is epidemiological evidence that a diet rich in antioxidant vitamins andflavonoids is anticarcinogenic.Interest in many popular nutritional supplements, including essential antioxidant nutrients such as selenium compounds and hormones such as melatonin and DHEA, is partly motivated by evidence that these have significant anticarcinogenic effects in appropriate quantities. The major psychoactive component in marijuana, tetrahydrocannabinol, has been shown to have anticarcinogenic activity.", "cop": 2, "opa": "10 weeks", "opb": "9 months", "opc": "14 weeks", "opd": "6 months", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable Diseases", "id": "e99822a7-3fdf-4500-9113-ac96b9d0c5c4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Eligible couple register is maintained at", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Sub center", "opb": "PHC", "opc": "District hospital", "opd": "Community Hospital", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6a3197d8-5784-4d09-927c-0492ffc8bda9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Present \"General fertility rates\"", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "84", "opb": "118", "opc": "128", "opd": "138", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "f0b79e2b-fbea-4f09-8749-72e361d2ce2a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Human breast milk has more of", "exp": "Human milk is richer in Carbohydrates (lactose), Iron and water content While cow's milk is richer in fat, protein, calcium and energy content Human milk proteins: More cysteine and taurine; Less methionine; better digested than cow's milk proteins. Human milk fats: Higher levels of PUFAs esp., linoleic acid and a-linoleic acid, better digested and absorbed ; low calcium content but better absorbed than cow's milk Human milk vitamins and minerals : Human milk is richer in Vitamin A, C; richer in copper, cobalt and selenium ; richer in iron and higher bioavailability ; high calcium/phosphorous ratio. Human milk has lesser sodium Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno: 668", "cop": 2, "opa": "Lipids", "opb": "Carbohydrates", "opc": "Proteins", "opd": "Calcium", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Maternal and child care", "id": "3da3d4fe-609a-425f-a0b0-98838fb588d5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "International disease surveillance includes", "exp": "Diseases under WHO surveillance Polio Rabies Relapsing fever Influenza Salmonella Malaria Louse born typhus Ref : Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 24th edition", "cop": 2, "opa": "Hepatitis", "opb": "Polio", "opc": "TB", "opd": "Leprosy", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "0087fd26-6dbb-46a6-b048-d34f69786e64", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Mean hemoglobin of a group of pregnant females is found to be 10.6 gm/dL with Standard deviation of 2 gm/dL. 5% pregnant females in this group will have their hemoglobin level below", "exp": "• Mean + 1SD covers 68% values; So, Hb of 68% pregnant females will lie between 10.6 + 2 gm/dL or between 8.6-12.6\ng/dL\n- So, 16% will lie below 8.6 gm/dL\n• Similarly, Mean + 2SD covers 95% values; So, Hb of 95% pregnant females will lie between 10.6 + 2(2) gm/dL or between 6.6-14.6 gm/dL\n- So, 2.5% will lie below 6.6 gm/dL\n• So 5% pregnant females will have Hb below 7.31 gm/dL", "cop": 1, "opa": "7.31 gm/dL", "opb": "8.6 gm/dL", "opc": "6.6 gm/dL", "opd": "5.0 gm/dL", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "f885a9e2-bcb2-4e70-9cea-db4bf9a79879", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Hypothesised null value for confidence interval of relative risk", "exp": "RELATIVE RISK Relative risk (RR) is the ratio of the incidence of the disease (or death) among exposed and the incidence among non-exposed. Some authors use the term \"risk ratio\" to refer to relative risk. Estimation of relative risk (RR) is impoant in aetiological enquiries. It is a direct measure (or index) of the \"strength\" of the association between suspected cause and effect. A relative risk of one indicates no association; relative risk greater than one suggests \"positive'.' association between exposure and the disease under study.Hypothesised null value for confidence value is arbitrarily taken as 1. A relative risk of 2 indicates that the incidence rate of disease is 2 times higher in the exposed group as compared with the unexposed. Equivalently, this represents a 100 per cent increase in risk. A relative risk of 0.25 indicates a 75% reduction in the incidence rate in exposed individuals as compared with the unexposed It is often useful to consider the 95 per cent confidence interval of a relative risk since it provides an indication of the likely and maximum levels of risk. In our hypothetical example the relative risk is 10. It implies that smokers are 10 times at greater risk of developing lung cancer than non-smokers. The larger the RR, the greater the \"strength\" of the association between the suspected factor and disease. It may be noted that risk does not necessarily imply causal association. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 78", "cop": 2, "opa": "Zero", "opb": "One", "opc": "Two", "opd": "Five", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "21dc037c-c100-41b4-bd08-5d0fed5ee487", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most effective way to prevent HIV veical transmission is", "exp": "Women enrolled on HAA (Triple ARV prophylaxis) had a much lower (1%) rate of HIV veical transmission as compared to Zidovudine lone HAA showed similar rates of Transmission when Zidovudine monotherapy was combined with single dose of Maternal or neonatal Nevirapine Ref: Perinatal and pediatric HIV/AIDS by Mamatha 1st edition Pgno : 344", "cop": 1, "opa": "HAA", "opb": "Nevirapine", "opc": "Zidovudine", "opd": "Elective cesarean", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "6e07e1b8-f1f2-460b-8668-ccaa14951c5a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "On a average, failure rate in the couples using condom is about", "exp": "Condoms can be a highly effective method of contraception, if they are used correctly. Failure rates for the condom vary enormously. Survey has been repoed pregnancy rates bearing from 2 to 3 per 100 women years to more than 14 in typical users. Most failures are due to incorrect use Reference: Park&;s textbook of Preventive and social medicine 23rd edition; Page number 494", "cop": 1, "opa": "0 to 5 percent", "opb": "10 to 20 percent", "opc": "30 to 40 percent", "opd": "50 percent or more", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "39ba2579-32d5-4a34-b1e4-38b88f0e9c81", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The National Population Policy 2000 aims to achieve Total Fertility Rate of 2.1 by the year", "exp": "National Population Policy 2000 (NPP 2000)\n• Immediate objective: To address the unmet needs for contraception, health care infrastructure, and health personnel, and to provide integrated service delivery for basic reproductive and child health care.\n• Mid-term objective: To bring the TFR to replacement levels (TFR = 2.1) by 2010.\n• Long term objective: To achieve a stable population by 2045.", "cop": 3, "opa": "2005", "opb": "2015", "opc": "2010", "opd": "2050", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "49ed16f1-1f4e-4871-8b5f-3247ae960ffd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Demographic Gap attains its maximum limit in", "exp": "Demographic cycle Demographic cycle is closely related to : Socio-economic progress of a country There are 5 stages (Phases) of demographic cycle through which a nation passes Stages Phases CBR CDR Stage I High Stationary High high Stage II Early expanding High Stas declining Stage III Late expanding Stas declining Continue declining Stage IV Low Stationary Low Low Stage V Declining CDR > CBR Demographic cycle is based on : Demographic gap DG = Crude Bih Rate (CBR) - Crude death rate DG stas increasing : Early stage II (Early expanding phase) DG is Maximum : Late stage II (Early expanding phase) DG stas declining : Early stage III (Late expanding PHASE) DG is negative : Stage V (Declining phase) DG is Narrow : Stage I (high Stationary) ; Stage IV (Low Stationary) Ref: Foundations of community Medicine, GM Dhaarb& I Robbani, 1st edition Park 25th edition Pgno : 530", "cop": 2, "opa": "Early stage I", "opb": "Late stage II", "opc": "Late stage III", "opd": "Early stage IV", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "1a713d89-50fc-4617-9790-eb1e31af1e20", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common deviation used in social medicine is", "exp": "\"Standard deviation is most common and generally most appropriate measure of dispersion (variation)\".-Park", "cop": 4, "opa": "Mean", "opb": "Range", "opc": "Variance", "opd": "Standard deviation", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "37f535c3-de49-408f-8cea-7f6483b49de0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Temporary hardness of water is primarily due to the presence of", "exp": "Temporary hardness (Carbonate hardness) due to Calcium & Magnesium salts of Bicarbonates.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Calcium and magnesium sulphates", "opb": "Calcium and magnesium chlorides", "opc": "Calcium and magnesium bicarbonates", "opd": "Calcium and magnesium nitrates", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "3011674e-110b-4386-b701-16744e43e6d5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Best statistical data diagram to depict Incidence change over a period of time is", "exp": "Line diagrams are used to show the trend of events with the passage of time, hence incidence change ( a trend) is best depicted by a line diagram. Other options: In pie cha, areas of the segments of a circle are compared. Extremely popular but statistically inferior to bar chas. Histogram is a pictorial diagram of frequency distribution for continuous class intervals Scatter diagrams show the relationship between two objects. Eg: Positive correlation between the intakes of fat and sugar in average diets.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Pie cha", "opb": "Histogram", "opc": "Scatter diagram", "opd": "Line diagram", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Statistical Graphs, Correlation, Locations", "id": "6c3d3d45-cf36-486b-bb2c-0bdc6ac10a1a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Energy requirement in late pregnancy for a moderate worker is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "1000 cal", "opb": "1400 cal", "opc": "2500 cal", "opd": "500 cal", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "04415bea-d203-4780-adaf-f983cdc5c0ea", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Mean ± 250 in normal distribution", "exp": "In normal distribution :\n\nMean ± 150 lovers 68% values.\nMean ± 250 lovers 95% values.\nMean ± 350 lovers 99% values.", "cop": 2, "opa": "68%", "opb": "95%", "opc": "99%", "opd": "50%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "f1ae711c-78f6-4fd5-b4cc-541acb6e56e0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Nipah virus is transmitted by", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed", "cop": 3, "opa": "Pigs", "opb": "Mosquitoes", "opc": "Fruit bats", "opd": "Cattle", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "d39c7a84-fb28-416b-b5ce-c4fdd2e75734", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Peripheral neuritis is a deficiency sign of", "exp": "Two principle deficiency diseases associated with thiamine deficiency are beriberi and Wernick&;s encephalopathy. Dry beriberi is associated with nerve involvement Ref: Park; 23rd ed; Page no: 618", "cop": 3, "opa": "Folic acid", "opb": "Niacin", "opc": "Thiamine", "opd": "Tocopherol", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and health", "id": "93a57b34-6b14-4bda-aec8-a0ce3dae1e2c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Udai Pareek scale does not include", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Education", "opb": "Family members", "opc": "House", "opd": "Income", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "90a3c304-0623-4d39-9b36-dba90df0c843", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Control of hook worm disease is achieved by", "exp": "The work of Rockefeller foundation in India began with a scheme for the control of hookworm disease.The establishment of the All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health at Kolkata was in a large measure due to the cooperation of the Rockefeller Foundation.At present, the foundation is directing its suppo to the improvement of agriculture, family planning and rural training centres as well as to medical education.Park 23e pg: 924", "cop": 3, "opa": "Ford foundation", "opb": "CARE", "opc": "Rockefeller foundation", "opd": "Red cross society", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health care of community & international health", "id": "c8091660-d251-42b9-96d2-1aab2d804ff1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Bih rate is", "exp": "Bih rate = number of live bihs during the year X 1000/ estimated mid year population. Unsatisfactory measure of feility because the total population is not exposed to child bearing. Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no: 488", "cop": 1, "opa": "Live bih X 1000\\/ mid yr. Population", "opb": "Bih X 1000\\/ mid yr population", "opc": "Live bih X 10000\\/ mid yr. Population", "opd": "Live bih X 10000\\/Population of reproductive age group (15-45)", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "9c3b794c-a78d-4718-aa3b-36be1352003e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Target year for elimination of lymphatic filariasis", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "2010", "opb": "2015", "opc": "2020", "opd": "2012", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "fa07719e-ed42-4881-805c-81ed00fc6e57", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most sensitive index for the recent malarial transmission is", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Spleen rate", "opb": "Infant Parasite rate", "opc": "Parasite Rate", "opd": "Slide Falciparum rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "862bf906-ee8a-4806-bee1-b6d69f0909ee", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Due to epidemiological reasons chemoprophylaxis is most impractical in the control of", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Tuberculosis", "opb": "Cholera", "opc": "Diphtheria", "opd": "Measles", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "4e07ccc0-0ff2-42e5-8f35-948d250f8bdb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The usual incubation period for typhoid fever is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "3-5 days", "opb": "21-25 days", "opc": "10-14 days", "opd": "less then 3 days", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b7a1da86-aa79-4db5-adc1-f0ea17156264", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Thiamine deficiency causes", "exp": "Ans: a (Beri Beri)Ref: Park, 20th ed. Pg. 534, Davidson Principles and Practice of Medicine, 20th ed.Recommended name (alternative name)SourcesDeficiencyExcessInvestiga-tionsFAT-SOLUBLEVitamin ALiver, milk, butter, cheese, fish oilsXerophthalmia, almia, night blindness, keratomalacia, follicular hyperkeratosisLiver damage, bone damage, teratogenesisSerum retinolVitamin DMainly manufactured in skin under the influence of sunlightRickets, osteomalaciaHypercal- caemiaPlasma 25(OH)D or 1,25(OH) 2 DVitamin EVegetables, seed oilsHaemolytic anaemia, ataxia Plasma vitamin EVitamin KGreen vegetables, dairy productsCoagulation disorder Coagula-tion assay (e.g. proth-rombin time) +- plasma vitamin KWATERSOLUB LE Thiamine (Vitamin Bl)Cereals, grains, bean, porkBeri-beri, Wernicke- Korsakoff syndrome RBC trans-ketolase or whole blood vitamin B 1Riboflavin (Vitamin B 2)MilkGlossitis, stomatitis RBC glutat-hione reductase or whole blood vitamin B 2Niacin (Nicotinic acid, vitamin B 3) metabolitesMeat, cerealsPellagra Urinary nicotin- amide,Vitamin B 6 (Pyridoxine)Meat, fish, potatoes, bananasPolyneuropathyPolyneu-ropathyPlasma pyridoxal phosphate or eryth ro-cyte trans-aminase activation coefficient Biotin Dennatitis, alopecia, paraesthesiae Liver, egg yolk, cereals, yeastWhole blood or urine biotinFolateLiverAnaemiaRBC folateVitamin B 12 (Cobalamin)Animal productsAnaemia, neurological degenerationPlasma B 12Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)Fresh fruit and vegetablesScurvyPlasma ascorbic acid (daily intake) Leucocyte ascorbic acid (tissue stores)", "cop": 1, "opa": "Beriberi", "opb": "Night blindness", "opc": "Scurvy", "opd": "Pellagra", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and Health", "id": "6d1b4a13-56ed-43ae-b795-0ec07b1c3755", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Threshold level of herd immunity for Peussis is", "exp": "Ans. is 'c' i.e., 90% Advantage of herd immunity o It is not necessary to achieve 100% immunization to control a disease by providing herd immunity. o When a ceain percentage of population, is vaccinated, the spread of disease is effectively stopped. o This critical percentage is referred to as herd immunity threshold. Disease Herd immunity threshod Diphtheria 85% Measles 83-94% Mumps 75-86% Peussis 92-94% Polio 80-86% Rubella 80-85% Small pox 83-85% Limitation of Herd immunity o Only a small fraction of the population (or herd) can be left un-vaccinated for this method to be effective.", "cop": 3, "opa": "80%", "opb": "70%", "opc": "90%", "opd": "50%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "2b544534-f1f6-442b-82c4-0ec08799ba67", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The mean of the 25 patients' plasma volumes is 12.5 litres. Standard detion is 0.25. Calculate standard error", "exp": "S.E = S/[?]n S = Standard detion = 0.25 n = sample size = 25 S.E. = 0.25/[?] 25 = 0.25/5 = 0.05", "cop": 1, "opa": "0.05", "opb": "0.5", "opc": "0.01", "opd": "0.1", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostats", "id": "502cc028-3dc8-4aef-8aa0-7b08a05b0cd4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Recommended number of population per PHC in tribal area", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed", "cop": 2, "opa": "30000", "opb": "20000", "opc": "40000", "opd": "25000", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health care of community & international health", "id": "00915159-9dbb-48f0-823d-6892c8593b94", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "At a PHC, vaccine storage is done in", "exp": "- At PHC level vaccine is stored in small ILR & small deep freezer ILR Cold chain components & level in India STORAGE LEVEL STORAGE DEVICES DURATION OF STORAGE STATE/ REGIONAL LEVEL walk in cold rooms walk in freezer 3 months CHC/ DISTRICT LEVEL Large ILR Large deep freezer 1 month PHC Small ILR Small deep freezer 1 month SUBCENTER LEVEL Vaccine carriers 24-48hrs VILLAGE LEVEL Ice packs 2-4hrs", "cop": 2, "opa": "Vaccine carrier", "opb": "ILR", "opc": "Walk in Cold rooms", "opd": "Cold box", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "FMGE 2018", "id": "6b77f1dd-70e5-428e-a6ea-6a9dc064e3c9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The primary goal of Human Genome Project has been", "exp": "Human Genome Project: HGP is an international scientific research project.\nPrimary goals were to determine the sequence of chemical base pairs which make up dNA and to identify the approximately 25,000 genes of the human genome.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Introduction of a gene sequence into a cell to modify its behavior", "opb": "Identify genes and sequence of base pairs in dNA of human genome", "opc": "Development of new diagnostic techniques such as restriction enzymes", "opd": "Confirmation of Hardy Weinberg law", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "808de995-0733-47ff-95bf-a1ee2f7db76b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The association between oral cancer and tobacco chewing was found to be as follows", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "0.65", "opb": "0.8", "opc": "1.3", "opd": "2.25", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "074fcdce-4bc6-41c7-aa26-1ea365eb4079", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Insecticide of choice for phlebotamus argentipes", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "DDT", "opb": "Malathoin", "opc": "BHC", "opd": "Pyrethrum", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "590ca16c-18ca-4c18-802c-9d8c2bde577e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Population growth is rated explosive if annual growth rate exceeds", "exp": "Relation between Annual growth rate(AGR) and population Rating Annual GR Population doubling Time Stationary population None - Slow growth <0.5 >139 years Moderate growth 0.5-1.0 139-70 Rapid growth 1.0-1.5 70-47 Very rapid growth 1.5-2.0 47-35 Explosive growth 2.0-2.5 35-28 Explosive growth 2.5-3.0 28-23 Explosive growth 3.0-3.5 23-20 Explosive growth 3.5-4.0 20-18 Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 532", "cop": 1, "opa": "2%", "opb": "1.50%", "opc": "1%", "opd": "0.50%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "f83cdc8c-f7cf-4396-8b5a-6e82a1be97f6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The best parameter for assessment of chronic malnutrition is", "exp": "Height is a stable measurement of growth as opposed to body weight. Whereas weight reflects only the present health status of the child, height indicates the events in the past also. Low height for age: Also known as nutritional stunting or dwarfing. It reflects past or chronic malnutrition.Ref: Park; 23rd ed; Pg 544", "cop": 3, "opa": "Weight for age", "opb": "Weight for height", "opc": "Height for age", "opd": "Mid arm circumference", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and health", "id": "8cdf2b50-2408-456a-8fc9-ce7a460f3510", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "ICDS does not include", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Immunisation", "opb": "Health education", "opc": "Family planning", "opd": "Nutrition", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "faf48b98-4cd8-4b7a-91b5-2b2287fd953e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common detion used in social medicine is", "exp": "The standard detion : Most frequently used measure of detion Defined as \"Root -Means -Square -Detion \" Ref : Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition - Pgno. 848", "cop": 4, "opa": "Mean", "opb": "Range", "opc": "Variance", "opd": "Standard detion", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "5af654c9-cbab-4054-b077-d9c78e92f1ca", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "ICDS stands for", "exp": "Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme- Under ICDS scheme, there is an anganwadi worker for every 400-800 population- The beneficiaries include nursing mothers, pregnant women, other women (15-45 years), children below the age of 6 years and adolescent girls.Park 23e pg: 903", "cop": 1, "opa": "Integrated child development services", "opb": "Integrated child development scheme", "opc": "International child development services", "opd": "Indian child development scheme", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health care of community & international health", "id": "9e28076f-844d-4a69-b195-dd548b77e278", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not included in 5 cleans in conduct of delivery is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Clean hands", "opb": "Clean cord cut", "opc": "Clean Perineum", "opd": "Clean cord tie", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "9e3675a0-ed5b-417c-9aac-5c513bd3ec7b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Results of a test were given as very satisfied, satisfied, dissatisfied, it representes", "exp": "Scales can be: Qualitative: Categorical scales: Nominal : eg: names of countries . Dichotomous : eg: yes/no, presence/absence. Ordinal : severity of disease: mild/moderate/severe.eg: staging of cancer, kuppusamy socioeconomic class. Quantitative: Metric scales: Interval Ratio", "cop": 2, "opa": "Nominal scale", "opb": "Ordinal scale", "opc": "interval scale", "opd": "Ratio scale", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "6235d1b3-c517-4e46-a68d-548302dfbba2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Epidemic typhus cause and vector is", "exp": "Epidemic Typhus Is a type of rickettsial disease of typhus group : Recrudence form of Epidemic typhus : Brill Zinsser Disease Was the 'most formidable rickettsial disease in past' Causative agent: R.prowazekii Vector : Louse (p.capitis,p.corporis) Mode of Transmission: (Not by Louse bite) Scratching and inoculation with infected louse faeces Crushing infected louse on body Inhalation of infected louse faeces or dust Clinical picture : Prolonged febrile illness, Vasculitis Drug of choice : Tetracycline Under International Health Regulations (IHRs), \"Louse borne typhus is a disease under surveillance\" Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 316", "cop": 1, "opa": "R. prowazki and louse", "opb": "R. typhi and mite", "opc": "R. conori and tick", "opd": "R. akari and mite", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "8bcb2b5c-e686-4533-8b37-2a51f99a0838", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Crude bih rate is a simplest measure of feility because it includes", "exp": "Crude bih rate : Number of live bihs in a year per 1000 mid-year population CBR is simplest indicator of feility : Total mid-year population is not exposed to Child bearing thus it doesnot give true idea of feility Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 539", "cop": 2, "opa": "Total population", "opb": "Mid year population", "opc": "Live bihs only", "opd": "Pre term bihs", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Non communicable diseases", "id": "76ed2fe9-f206-4708-8b46-c11fa1de839a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A research team conducted a nation wide survey of Industries and factories. While arranging the data they observed that the most common occupational cancer was", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "CA skin", "opb": "CA bladder", "opc": "CA lung", "opd": "Leukemia", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "99f41c5a-83fc-48e9-93ad-47edd4a0a57b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "To study the incidence of malaria, according to various age and sex groups, in a village, we need to undeake", "exp": "Descriptive studies are concerned with observing the distribution of disease or health-related characteristics - When is the disease occurring, where is it occurring, who is getting the disease.Park 23e pg: 63", "cop": 1, "opa": "Descriptive", "opb": "Case-control study", "opc": "Coho study", "opd": "Experimental study", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "3af2dd19-96e3-40d9-934e-84581c37d22d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Secondary attack rate of chicken pox is", "exp": "Chicken pox Agent- Human alpha herpes virus 3 Primary infection causes chicken pox Recovery from primary infection is commonly followed by establishment of latent infection in cranial nerves, sensory ganglia, spinal dorsal root ganglia When the cell mediated immunity wanes, the virus may reactivate in 10-30% cases Incubation period -15 days Distribution of rash:- Centripetal; Axilla affected; Rash seen mostly over flexor aspect Characteristics of rash:- Superficial; Unilocular-dew drops like appearance Rash pleomorphic- different stages of rash evident at one time An area of inflammation seen around vesicle Evolution of rash : very rapid Scab begins to form 4-7 days after the rash appears Fever- temperature rises with each fresh crop of rash Secondary attack rate-90% Reference: Park&;s textbook of Preventive and Social medicine, 23rd edition; Page no.144", "cop": 3, "opa": "60", "opb": "50", "opc": "90", "opd": "40", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "e392ac14-3d5b-4e45-b0b5-db09814bdead", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Epidemic typhus is caused by", "exp": "(D) Rickettsia prowazekii # Epidemic typhus is caused by R. prowazekii.> R. prowazekii named after von Prowazek, who had contracted fatal typhus fever while investigating the disease. Amongst the options provided 'Louse' is the insect vector only for Rickettsia Prowazakii.# RICKETTSIAL INFECTION INSECT VECTORS:> Louse: Rickettsia Prowazekii (Epidemic typhus) Bartonella quintana (Trench fever)> Mites: Rickettsia tsutsugamushi (scrub typhus) Rickettsia akari (Rickettsial pox)> Ticks: Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever) Rickettsia conori (Ticky Typhus, Tick Fever) Rickettsia australis (Tick typhus) Rickettsia sibrica (Tick typhus)> Fleas: Rickettsia typhi (Endemic typhus)> Q Fever: Human infection occurs from inhalation of dust (No insect vectors) Etiological agent is Coxiella burneti Insect vector is None", "cop": 4, "opa": "Rickettsia tsutsugamushi", "opb": "Rickettsia Quintana", "opc": "Rickettsia rickettsiae", "opd": "Rickettsia prowazekii", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "9b961f71-2701-48be-b673-74000e915c09", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Immunization is", "exp": "Primary prevention is action taken prior to the onset of disease which removes the possibility that a disease will ever occur.It includes actions taken for the protection of health by personal and community effos, such as enhancing nutritional status, providing immunizations and eliminating environmental risks (sanitation...etc)Park 23epg: 43", "cop": 1, "opa": "Primary Prevention", "opb": "Secondary prevention", "opc": "Teiary Prevention", "opd": "Disability Limitation", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "4e3cc771-c07e-4265-ad58-00b76ff091c5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Amount of calories and protein given to a pregnant women under ICDS is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "500kcals and 35g protein", "opb": "200kcal and 10g protein", "opc": "500kcal and 10g protein", "opd": "350kcal and 25g protein", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ad8bb65c-78a2-4a2d-a02d-54da5e687b59", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "World bank gives loans for", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Cobalt therapy of radiotherapy department", "opb": "For economic growth", "opc": "Purchase of microscope for tuberculosis investigation", "opd": "To change of the social justice", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "9ad1478e-f508-49b3-ab0b-1b9619a32101", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Incubation period of syphilis", "exp": "Ans. a (9-90 days). (Ref. Harrison, Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th /Chapter 169. Syphilis)SYPHILIS# T. Pallidum enters foetal circulation after 20th week of gestation with disappearance of cytotrophoblast in villi.0# Basic pathology is obliterative endarteritis.# Placenta becomes bulky and spirochaete can hardly be found in placenta.# Spirochaete can however be detected from maculopapular rash in baby.# Irrespective of the serology, treatment should be repeated in subsequent pregnancies.# Incubation period of syphilis is 9-90 days", "cop": 1, "opa": "9-90 days", "opb": "9-18 days", "opc": "80-90 days", "opd": "10 days", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable Diseases", "id": "1120327a-e046-44d0-a36d-ce9a031d6749", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Recommendation of daily moderate exercise for an adult is", "exp": "Physical activity for all These recommendations are relevant to all healthy adults aged 18-64 years unless specific medical conditions indicate to the contrary. They are applicable for all adults irrespective of gender, race, ethnicity or income level. They also apply to individuals in this age range with chronic noncommunicable conditions not related to mobility such as hypeension or diabetes. These recommendations can be valid for adults with disabilities. However adjustments for each individual based on their exercise capacity and specific health risks or limitations may be needed. There are multiple ways of accumulating the total of 150 minutes per week. The concept of accumulation refers to meeting the goal of 150 minutes per week by performing activities in multiple shoer bouts, of at least 10 minutes each, spread throughout the week then adding together the time spent during each of these bouts: e.g. 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity 5 times per week. Pregnant, postpaum women and persons with cardiac events may need to take extra precautions and seek medical advice before striving to achieve the recommended levels of physical activity for this age group. Inactive adults or adults with disease limitations will have added health benefits if moving from the category of \"no activity\" to \"some levels\" of activity. Adults who currently do not meet the recommendations for physical activity should aim to increase duration, frequency and finally intensity as a target to achieving them. Ref: World Health Organisation", "cop": 2, "opa": "15 mins", "opb": "30 mins", "opc": "45 mins", "opd": "60 mins", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Non communicable diseases", "id": "7a04d4d9-6215-489f-908c-a0ecbe17d82b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "According to Registration of Births and Deaths Act 1969, the birth and death are to be registered, respectively in", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "14 days and 7 days", "opb": "7 days and 14 days", "opc": "21 days and 21 days", "opd": "14 days and 21 days", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "2b62ab7f-fb38-4667-a39c-50ce66367900", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Random is Randomization Implies", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Unequal and known chances", "opb": "Equal and known chances", "opc": "Unequal and unknown chances", "opd": "Equal and unknown chances", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "4efa38e8-5080-448e-b182-a8aa611333e0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Gap in the time interval of between the onset of primary and secondary case is", "exp": "Ans. a (Serial interval) (Ref. Park Textbook of PSM 22nd/pg. 96)TermDefinition1.Serial Interval# Time gap between onset of primary and secondary case. It is the measure of incubation period.2.Lead Time# It is advantage gained by screening, i.e., period between diagnosis by early detection and diagnosis by other means.# It is period between the possible time of detection and possible time of diagnosis.3.Latent Period# Latent period is the period from disease initiation to disease detection or It is time between exposure to a risk factor and subsequent development of clinical manifestations of a particular disease.4.Screening Time# Interval between first clinical detection and final critical point.5.Primary case# First case in community6.Index case# First case detected in community. May or may not be primary case.7.Incubation period# The time interval between invasion by an infectious agent and appearance of the first sign or symptom of the disease.8.Generation time# The interval of time between receipt of infection by a host and maximal infectivity of that host.9.Communicable period# The time during which an infectious agent may be transferred directly or indirectly from an infected person to another person, from an infected animal to man, or from infected man to an animal including arthropod.10.Secondary attack rate# The number of exposed persons developing the disease within the range of the incubation period, following exposure to primary case.11.Median incubation period# The time required for 50% of the cases to occur following exposure.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Serial interval", "opb": "Incubation period", "opc": "Generation time", "opd": "Onset period", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "472a3a0c-d7a1-4152-95fa-0b328fea939c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Chicken pox is infective", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "2 days before and 5 days after rash appearance", "opb": "2 days before and 2 days after rash appearance", "opc": "4 days before and 4 days after rash appearance", "opd": "4 days before and 5 days after rash appearance", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c6a056d3-05d8-403d-b1a6-6507c057756d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Folic acid supplementation during lactation period is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "150 mg/d", "opb": "100 mg/d", "opc": "400 mg/d", "opd": "450 mg/d", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "5f2bfc5a-2123-4e83-ac1e-fcbd7e092dda", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "For an epidemiological study, every 10th person is selected from a population. This type of sampling is known as", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Simple random sampling", "opb": "Systematic random sampling", "opc": "Stratified random sampling", "opd": "Cluster random sampling", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "195fb389-b8d7-4090-8029-dbdb65be23f0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "'Course of a disease process without any intervention' is the definition of", "exp": "Natural history of disease refers to the progression of a disease process in an individual over time, in the absence of treatment Spectrum of disease signifies that the health of an individual is not static Ref : Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition - Pgno. 34", "cop": 3, "opa": "Spectrum of disease", "opb": "Epidemiology of disease", "opc": "Natural history of disease", "opd": "Iceberg Phenomenon", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "84ebd613-cb5e-4732-b42b-2b9dd42987c5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Infections transmitted from vertebrate animals to man is known as", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Anthropozoonosis", "opb": "Epizootic", "opc": "Exotic", "opd": "Zooanthroponoses", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "3479a5c5-a71b-4cef-b995-594c8016c929", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The standard normal distribution", "exp": "Normal Distribution:\n\nIs also known as ‘Gaussian distribution’ or ‘Standard distribution’\nType of distribution: Is the distribution of values of a quantitative variable such that they are symmetric with respect to a middle value with same mean, median and mode, and then the frequencies taper off rapidly and symmetrically on both sides – ‘bell shaped distribution’.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Is skewed to the left", "opb": "Has variance = 1.0", "opc": "Has standard deviation = 0.0", "opd": "Has mean = 1.0", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "30fd59d4-aeb3-428c-b70c-af7a79ab49bd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Willem Einthoven got Nobel Prize for", "exp": "List of Nobel Laureates\n\nWillem Einthoven : ECG.\nSir Alexander Fleming : Penicillin.\nPaul. H. Muller : DDT.\nSir Godfrey N.Hounsfield : Human blood groups.\nKarl Landsteiner : Human blood groups.\nPaul Ehrlich : Immunity.\nSir Peter Mansfield : MRI.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Insulin", "opb": "ECG", "opc": "Plasmodium life cycle", "opd": "Penicillin", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c27b439b-77fa-4b21-ad25-5243827289df", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A convalescent case of cholera remains infective for", "exp": "Types of carriers in Cholera:", "cop": 1, "opa": "14-21 days", "opb": "7-14 days", "opc": "< 7 days", "opd": "21-28 days", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "aba04aa3-15ec-491c-867e-34d0aacb7222", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Under RMNCH program peripheral level of planning is done at", "exp": "The RCH phase 1 was launched in 1997 and phase 2 in 2005 which was extended till 2012. thereafter 2013 with expanded strategy in conjunction with NRHM, it was renamed as Reproductive, Maternal, Neonatal, child & Adolescent Health (RMNCH-A) RCH 1 included maternal components, child component, family planning and sexually transmitted infections prevention and control in some selected districts. Categorization of districts based on crude bih rate and female literacy rate for 3 consecutive years. It uses differential approach to all districts. Ref:- K Park, 24th ed; pg num:- 472-474", "cop": 4, "opa": "Anganwadi", "opb": "Subcentre", "opc": "PHC level", "opd": "District level", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health programmes in India", "id": "deaebf6e-56b8-4863-ab86-a4d95c1197af", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Persuasive communication was deliberately employed to manipulate feelings, attitudes and beliefs of people regarding smoking, this method is known as", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Propaganda", "opb": "Motivation", "opc": "Counseling", "opd": "Advising", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "84cbaf05-71a1-4518-a7ba-6b8820007aca", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Incidence of TB in a community measured by", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Mantoux test +", "opb": "Tuberculin test +", "opc": "Sputum culture", "opd": "Sputum smear +", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "80b23c6f-ae4c-46b2-96d7-4dfaefd5bc1d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Long term fluctuation is seen with", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "secular trends", "opb": "epidemics", "opc": "cyclic trends", "opd": "seasonal trends", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "3b1ffd98-0cde-4f2e-936e-ce48d487897f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Father of Evidence Based Medicine is", "exp": "Wrote the following books:\n1. Clinical Epidemiology\n2. Evidence Based Medicine", "cop": 1, "opa": "Sackett", "opb": "Da vinci", "opc": "Hippocrates", "opd": "Tolstoy", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "2e1dcd8e-45b3-4f8e-9352-ed0812e349c9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Sorghum contains excess of", "exp": "Ans. is 'c' i.e., Leucine o Jowar (Sorghum) contains excess of leucine which can cause niacine deficiency and pellagra.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Lycine", "opb": "Arginine", "opc": "Leucine", "opd": "Histidine", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "0a9c1b39-d2b6-442b-ab22-b9b8b5994052", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A good indicator of the availabilty, utilization and effectiveness of health care services in a country is", "exp": "Infant Moality Rate It is one of the most universally accepted indicators of health status of not only infants but also of the whole population and socioeconomic conditions under which they live. Ref : Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition - Pgno. 24", "cop": 3, "opa": "Maternal Moality rate", "opb": "Hospital bed occupancy rate", "opc": "Infant moality rate", "opd": "DALY", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "cd51ed90-9aab-43e9-b2ac-f1263f5a90fd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Modified plan of operation for Malaria is based on", "exp": "Modified Plan of Operation is based on Annual Parasite Incidence (API). In 1977, the Modified Plan of Operation (MPO) was implemented with the immediate objectives of preventing deaths due to malaria and reducing morbidity due to malaria. The programme was also integrated with the primary health care delivery system. Under the MPO, the indoor residual spray was recommended in areas with Annual Parasite Incidence (API) >= 2 in addition to early diagnosis and prompt treatment. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 416", "cop": 1, "opa": "API", "opb": "ABER", "opc": "Spleen rate", "opd": "Infant parasite rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "716321f7-168a-46cd-883b-b60c7f24c355", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program, drug used for chemoprophylaxis in children is", "exp": "TB preventive therapy in children: The dose of INH for chemoprophylaxis is 10mg/kg administered daily for 6 months and it can be provided to (1) All asymptomatic cases of smear-positive (2) All HIV infected children who either have known exposure to an infectious TB case or tuberculin test positive but have no active TB (3) All tuberculin skin test positive children who are receiving immunocompromised therapy (4) A child born to a mother who was diagnosed to have TB in pregnancy should receive prophylaxis for 6months, provided congenital TB should be ruled out. Ref: Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine 23rd edition.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Rifampicin", "opb": "Isoniazid", "opc": "Ethambutol", "opd": "Ciprofloxacin", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health programmes in India", "id": "4a393a7b-675e-4094-87b2-3da2521cdd2a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Post exposure, Measles vaccine must be given within", "exp": "- IP of measles - 10 days - IP of vaccine induced measles - 7 days - For providing protection vaccine requires only 6-7 days. - So, vaccine should be used within 3-4 days of exposure.", "cop": 1, "opa": "3-4 days", "opb": "10-Jul", "opc": "10-14 days", "opd": "1-6 months", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "General Epidemiology", "id": "19297273-b7ff-423a-80f3-afafc04784a2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Highest protein content is in", "exp": "Soya bean is richest among pulses. It contains 43.2 % proteins (other pulses contain 17 - 25 % proteins)\n100 gms Soya bean contain 43 gms proteins, 20 gms fat and 4 gms minerals\nLimiting amino acid in soya bean is methionine\nNPU of soya bean is 55.\nSoyabean also has higher fats, calcium, iron, vitamin B1/B2/B3 than other pulses.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Red gram", "opb": "Black gram", "opc": "Soya bean", "opd": "Bengal gram", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "8305153a-ecdd-4946-9b78-a43e57d77c6e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "International Red cross is in", "exp": "Health Agencies\n\n\nHeadquarters\n\n\n\n\n\n\nWHO\n\t\t\tFAO\n\t\t\tUNICEF\n\t\t\tILO\n\n\nGeneva, Switzerland\n\t\t\tRome, Italy\n\t\t\tNew York, USA\n\t\t\tGeneva, Switzerland", "cop": 1, "opa": "Geneva", "opb": "New York", "opc": "New Delhi", "opd": "Rome", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "9023d46f-86a9-4e9b-a637-3f1b38611a2b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "HIV prevalence can be assessed by", "exp": "HIV Surveillance: 1) HIV Sentinel surveillance 2) HIV Sero-surveillance 3) AIDS case surveillance 4) STD Surveillance 5) Behavioral surveillance and 6) Integration with surveillance of other diseases like tuberculosis, etc. Ref: Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 24th edition, Page no. 452", "cop": 1, "opa": "Sentinel surveillance", "opb": "Active surveillance", "opc": "Passive surveillance", "opd": "Register", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "78038aea-4723-4d29-bd86-7a8a4124e5cc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Colostrum has in compared to normal milk", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Increased proteins", "opb": "Decreased Na+", "opc": "Decreased Vitamin A", "opd": "Increased calories", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "07e3d78c-308e-46ae-ba77-9d3aaccfebf8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Eradication of polio type 2 done on", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "12-May-14", "opb": "20-Sep-15", "opc": "14-Jul-16", "opd": "22-Feb-03", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "5216f78a-834a-480f-bf08-b4a496a69dd6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In crude death rate, the population is taken as on", "exp": "The mid-year population is considered.\nHence July 1st is taken.", "cop": 4, "opa": "1st March", "opb": "1st April", "opc": "15th August", "opd": "1st July", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "52235ec1-47d5-418d-afae-238fc932c31c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Killed vaccine is", "exp": "Hepatitis vaccine-2 types Formaldehyde inactivated vaccine Live attenuated vaccine -administered as a single subcutaneous dose (refer pgno:212 park 23 rd edition)", "cop": 1, "opa": "Hepatitis A", "opb": "Measles", "opc": "OPV", "opd": "BCG", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "68f6ce17-59fa-4735-a4e6-32c9b27ea0a2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Rabies free country is", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "China", "opb": "Australia", "opc": "France", "opd": "Russia", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "0eef0b29-6441-4ed7-a249-363cf78f2b45", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not a feature of hard water is", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Increased fuel consumption", "opb": "Erosion of lead pipe", "opc": "Scaling of boiler", "opd": "Decreased soap consumption", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "cfb281d3-c604-41d9-9233-0a14c82a9a21", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The maximum ozone concentration in the polluted atmosphere is dependent on the concentration and ratio of nitrogen oxides and", "exp": "Ozone is formed by the photochemical reaction of sunlight with pollutants such as nitrogen oxides from vehicles, industrial emissions and volatile organic compounds. The highest level of ozone pollution occurs during periods of sunny weather. Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 25th edition, Page No. 794", "cop": 3, "opa": "Carbon monoxide", "opb": "Lead", "opc": "volatile organic compounds", "opd": "Sulphur dioxide", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "8b6591dd-7414-4914-827b-ae4a08a12839", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Perinatal moality rate includes", "exp": "Perinatal moality rate = Lare fetal deaths (28 weeks + of gestation) + postnatal deaths (first week) in a year / Live bihs in a year x 1000Park 23e pg: 562", "cop": 3, "opa": "Deaths within first week of life only", "opb": "Aboions, still bihs and deaths within first week of life", "opc": "Deaths from 28weeks to within first week of life", "opd": "Deaths within one month of life", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Maternal and child care", "id": "8905f384-220e-4aa2-83d7-d162e97cf898", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Under Insecticide Treated Bed N ets Program me, insecticide used is", "exp": "Inseccide Treated Bed Nets (ITBN) Programme (esp. deltamethrin) has resulted in significant decline in malaria incidence and API Average decline in anopheline mosquito density - 68% Average decline in cuicine mosquito density - 50%\nChemicals used in ITBN Programme : Synthec pyretheroids Deltamethrin : 2.5% in dosage of 25 mg/m2 Cyfluthrin: 5% in dosage of 50 mg/m2 Other inseccides used : Permethrin, Lambdacyhalothrin, Etofenprox, Cypermethrin\nEffecveness of pyrethroids: For 6-12 months (Retreatment every 6 months)\nLong-lasng inseccidal mosquito nets (LLINs) :\n\nAlso use pyrethroid inseccides, and a chemical binder that allows the nets to be washed > 20 mes, allowing use for > 3 years.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Deltamethrin", "opb": "Malathion", "opc": "Lindone", "opd": "Fenitrothion", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "4156c3b4-71a9-4ec1-b449-85df8df770f6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The color code of plastic bag for disposing microbial laboratory culture waste", "exp": "Ans. is `b' i.e., Red o Microbial laboratory culture wastes are category No. 3. o Category 3 wastes have color code Fellow or red.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Black", "opb": "Red", "opc": "Blue", "opd": "Yellow", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "7b01d740-226f-443c-80ab-802375be821d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Human’s breast milk is essential for the newborn as it contains", "exp": "Breast milk contains higher amounts of Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)", "cop": 1, "opa": "Docosahexanoic acid", "opb": "Linolenic acid", "opc": "Linoleic acid", "opd": "Arachidonic acid", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "90243573-6687-485c-9336-0aa550aa940d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Denominator of negative predictive value is", "exp": "Predictive value reflects the diagnostic power of the test. It&;s accuracy depends on sensitivity, specificity and disease prevalence. Predictive value of a negative test = d/(c+d)x100 Ref: 25th edition, Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 152", "cop": 3, "opa": "TP + FP", "opb": "TP + FN", "opc": "TN + FN", "opd": "TN + FP", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "0aff22a7-616b-4f06-a78b-ea0dacf9589b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Cronbach alpha is a measure of", "exp": "Cronbach alpha / Guttman's lamdba 3 :\n\nIs measure of internal consistency.\nValue lies between 0 to +1.\nValue +0.7 or more is considered satis factory.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Internal consistency", "opb": "Content validity", "opc": "Central tendency", "opd": "Standard deviation", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ea27b3be-0935-47ce-92ec-127e8741fde9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Shakir&;s tape is a useful method to measure", "exp": "Non-stretch MUAC tapes, known as Shakir's tape, were used to measure Mid-arm circumference. Mid-arm circumference yields a relatively reliable estimation of body&;s muscle mass, the reduction of which is one of the most striking mechanisms by which body adjusts to inadequate energy intakes. It cannot be used before the age of one year, between ages one and five, it hardly varies.An arm circumference exceeding 13,5cm is a sign of a satisfactory nutritional status, between 12.5 and 13.5cm it indicates mild to moderate and below 12.5cm severe malnutrition. Ref: Park; 23rd ed; Pg 640", "cop": 2, "opa": "Head circumference", "opb": "Mid arm circumference", "opc": "Height/Length", "opd": "Chest circumference", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and health", "id": "8f51f46c-b070-4269-92bd-2e601fd80fcd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In primary health care, ABC and VED are related to", "exp": "Of all the inventory control systems ABC and VED matrix is most suitable for medical stores. Hence the coupling of ABC and VED matrix for drug inventory in a hospital.ABC analysis is popularly known as \"Always Better Control\" is a very useful approach to material management based on Pareto&;s principle of \"Vital few and tril many\" based on the capital investment of the item. According to Pareto&;s theory O10% items consume about 70 % of the budget (Group A). OThe next 20% consume 20 % of financial resources (Group B) andOremaining 70 % items account for just 10% of the budget (Group C). VED analysis is based on the criticality of an item. O\"V\" is for vital items without which a hospital cannot function, O\"E\" for essential items without which an institution can function but may affect the quality of the services andO\"D\" stands for desirable items, unavailability of which will not interfere with functioning.(Refer: style=\"font-family:Cambria;font-size:13px;\"> and Immunization Handbook for medical officers)", "cop": 2, "opa": "National program evaluation at PHC level", "opb": "Drug inventory management at PHC", "opc": "Staff management at PHC", "opd": "Vaccination coverage assessment in PHC area", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health education & planning", "id": "58025dc6-973b-4414-b61b-32d463af5f50", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Blood pressure of 2000 Randomly selected persons from a population was plotted in a graph it is most likely to be a", "exp": "(A) Normal Distribution # Normal Distribution or Gaussian Distribution or Normal Curve is an important concept in statistical theory.> When we collect Blood Pressure values of a very large number of people and make a frequency distribution with narrow class intervals, we are likely to get a smooth, symmetrical curve. Such a curve is called a normal distribution or normal curve.> Shape of the curve will depend upon the mean and standard deviation which in turn will depend upon the number and nature of observations.> Poisson distribution or Poisson law of large numbers is a discrete probability distribution that expresses the probability of a number of events occurring in a fixed period of time if these events occur with a known average rate and independently of the time since the last event. The Poisson distribution can also be used for the number of events in other specified intervals such as distance, area or volume.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Normal Distribution", "opb": "Maxwell Distribution", "opc": "Radial Distribution", "opd": "Poisson Distribution", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "ec5ff0e4-cce8-43e4-bd96-59371a61a60b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Diet given to pregnant lady under ICDS is", "exp": "In ICDS supplementary nutrition is given to children below 6 years, nursing and expectant mothers from low-income group.Each child 6-72 months of age get 500 Cal and 12-15Gm of proteinSeverely malnourished child 6-72 months of age get 800 Cal and 20-25Gm of proteinEach pregnant and nursing women to get 600 Cal and 18-20Gm of proteinPark 23e pg: 591", "cop": 4, "opa": "3000Kcal with 60grams of protein", "opb": "800Kcal with 25grams of protein", "opc": "500Kcal with 12grams of protein", "opd": "600Kcal with 18grams of protein", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Maternal and child care", "id": "ed366945-d705-4c75-8cea-4bf202fec9a5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The function of grit chamber in modern sewage plants is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Formation of sludge", "opb": "Removal of floating large objects", "opc": "Settlement of heavy objects", "opd": "Formation of Zoogleal layer", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "480da2d8-60b3-4e3d-8416-5c40ed087a18", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The flying range of Aedes aegypti is", "exp": "Flight range studies suggest that most female Ae. aegypti may spend their lifetime in or around the houses where they emerge as adults and they usually fly an average of 400 metres. This means that people, rather than mosquitoes, rapidly move the virus within and between communities and places. * Different sources may have given a different distance, WHO mentions it as 400 meters Ref: Park 23rd edition Pgno : 771", "cop": 4, "opa": "100 meters", "opb": "200 meters", "opc": "300 meters", "opd": "400 meters", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "35c6bd31-59cd-4961-a55d-59bcf4ca9428", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A nurse was diagnosed to have HBeAg and HBsAg in serum. Most likely she is having", "exp": "HBsAg plus HBEAg in serum\n• Acute hepatitis B\n• Active and Infectious hepatitis B\n• Chronic hepatitis B with Active viral replication (high infectivity)", "cop": 2, "opa": "Chronic hepatitis B", "opb": "Active and infectious Hepatitis B disease", "opc": "HBV + HBE coinfection", "opd": "Recovery from Hepatitis B", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "40dd46d1-0fbd-43ba-b17c-fc86464f9e12", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Chikungunya is transmitted by", "exp": "Aedes aegypti primarily, also Culex and Mansonia transmit Chikungunya", "cop": 1, "opa": "Aedes", "opb": "Culex", "opc": "Mansonoides", "opd": "Anopheles", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "VBDs, Arboviral & Viral Infections, Surface Infections", "id": "6e57ec72-8636-4afd-8863-91158baf23bc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Best index for measuring contraceptive efficacy is", "exp": "Life table analysis : Calculates a failure rate for each month of use Cumulative failure rate can then compare methods of any specific length of exposure Women who leave a study for any reason other than unintended pregnancy are removed from analysis, contributing their exposure until the time of exit Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 510", "cop": 2, "opa": "Pearl index", "opb": "Life-table analysis", "opc": "Chandler's index", "opd": "Quetlet index", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "97dd4ead-8bfe-4b64-b8ae-bc481f340b40", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Development of national blindness control program is assisted by", "exp": "DANIDA (Danish international development agency) is providing assistance for the development of services under National Blindness Control Programme.Park 23e pg: 924", "cop": 2, "opa": "SIDA", "opb": "DANIDA", "opc": "FORD", "opd": "CARE", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health care of community & international health", "id": "bf2c38a0-bffb-4b1f-807f-8b70aca265cf", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common complication of IUCD", "exp": "The commonest complaint of women fitted with an IUCD is increased vaginal bleeding The bleeding may be greater in volume during menstruation or a longer periods or mid cycle bleeding Reference: Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 498", "cop": 1, "opa": "Bleeding", "opb": "Pain", "opc": "PID", "opd": "Aboion", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "84915691-3b75-4551-a8e2-9c1f51d72dac", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A concept directed against prevention of risk factors of coronary artery disease is", "exp": "Levels of prevention \nPrimordial prevention - Prevention of the development or emergence of Risk Factors in population groups in which they have not yet appeared.\nPrimary prevention - Action taken prior to the onset of disease which removes the possibility that the disease will ever occur. It signifies intervention in the pathogenesis phase of the disease. \nSecondary prevention - Action which halts the progress of disease at its incipient stage and prevents complications i.e., early diagnosis & treatment.\nTertiary treatment - Intervention in the late pathogenic phase all measures to reduce or limit impairments, disabilities and handicap", "cop": 3, "opa": "Secondary prevention", "opb": "Health education", "opc": "Primordial prevention", "opd": "Primary prevention", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "9a26bb51-526e-4a49-ab72-5e8c76f4ab0d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Purpose of sentinel surveillance is", "exp": "A method for identifying the missing cases and there by supplementing the notified cases is required. This is known as sentinel surveillance. The sentinel data is extrapolated to entire population to estimate the disease prevalence in entire population", "cop": 1, "opa": "To know total number of cases", "opb": "Health planning", "opc": "Prevention of disease", "opd": "To know natural history of disease", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "16659b38-452a-4a25-a6c1-5fabb33cdd85", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Association of two variables explained by third variable", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed", "cop": 2, "opa": "Spurious association", "opb": "Indirect association", "opc": "Direct association", "opd": "Causal association", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "5571992e-5289-4f56-b616-76f83b86c0ac", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Linoleic acid is maximum in", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Groundnut oil", "opb": "Safflower oil", "opc": "Mustard oil", "opd": "Coconut oil", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "71d59db0-4d22-4500-9088-6351eccef4fe", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A new screening test for the breast cancer is approved. Calculate sensitivity and specificity, based on the findings given below.", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Sensitivity 82% Specificity 40%", "opb": "Sensitivity 80% Specificity 96%", "opc": "Sensitivity 84% Specificity 76%", "opd": "Sensitivity 90% Specificity 80%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "2ca1608e-9d0c-4fac-ba44-7e1bb4bb260d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Positive predictive value of a test does not depends upon", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Incidence of disease", "opb": "Specificity", "opc": "Prevalence of disease", "opd": "Sensitivity", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "7517dcbe-44b7-442d-a311-dcfc92918bbd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A person with IQ of 55 is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Mild mental Retandation", "opb": "Moderate Mental Retandation", "opc": "Severe Mental Retandation", "opd": "Very Severe Mental Retandation", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ef043960-6b0d-4145-9c73-24603d30ef2e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Daily dose of Fe for adult man", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "34 mg/d", "opb": "24 mg/d", "opc": "18 mg/d", "opd": "40 mg/d", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "08d0f79d-03cc-4a17-a6bc-6a55437c1ae2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Life expectancy as per 2015 estimate is", "exp": "Life expectancy at a given age is the average number of years which a person of that age may expect to live, according to the moality pattern prevalent in that country According to estimates of 2015, the life expectancy at bih for males is 66.90years and that of females is 69.90years. So the life expectancy of population is 68.3years approximately. Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no: 486,487", "cop": 1, "opa": "68.3 years", "opb": "62.3 years", "opc": "58.1 years", "opd": "55 years", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "83b42624-7812-4619-935c-34db637ad51a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Risk of damage to the fetus by maternal rubella is maximum if a mother gets infected in", "exp": "The first trimester of pregnancy is the most disastrous time - results in abnormalities in the infant in 85% of cases.16% in the second trimester.Bih defects uncommon after 20 weeks of gestation.Park 23e pg: 145", "cop": 1, "opa": "6 - 12 weeks of pregnancy", "opb": "20 - 24 weeks of pregnancy", "opc": "24 - 28 weeks of pregnancy", "opd": "32 - 36 weeks of pregnancy", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "042f7257-05ce-4f87-8224-bed9c5314662", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "According to ICMR the ‘Cereals and pulses’ requirement for a sedentary strict vegetarian male is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "460 and 40 grams", "opb": "300 and 60 grams", "opc": "200 and 50 grams", "opd": "560 and 50 grams", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "3c749ece-b43e-4dbd-a44b-bea4d90643bb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drawback of ozone as water disinfectant is", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "No virucidal effect", "opb": "Long time period for action", "opc": "Teratogenicity", "opd": "No residual action", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "8cae75fb-20b6-472d-89f0-4bef66fc0433", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Rural health scheme introduced by", "exp": "Rural health scheme 1977The most impoant recommendation of the shrivastav committee was that primary health care should be provided within the community itself through specially trained workers so that the health of the people is placed in the hands of the people themselves. Ref: Park; 23rd ed; Pg 875", "cop": 3, "opa": "Bhore committee", "opb": "Mukherjee committee", "opc": "Srivastava committee", "opd": "Mudaliar committee", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health education & planning", "id": "4e5bd834-4766-4b5e-ad43-eddfe33027b3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "the value between ist pentile and 4th pentile includes", "exp": "Pentile divides the whole set of values into 5 equal pas Each with 20% P1= 20%:80% P2= 40%:60% P3= 60%:40% P4= 80%:20% So, between P1 and P4 : 80%-20% = 60%", "cop": 3, "opa": "20%", "opb": "40%", "opc": "60%", "opd": "80%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "ec3ec305-b8c7-42a1-a741-0b90475ad53a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "For studying the complete amino acid sequence of two polypeptide chains of Insulin, Nobel Prize was awarded to", "exp": "LIST OF FEW NOBEL LAUREATES IN PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE\n\nSir Ronald Ross: Life cycle of Plasmodium\nI.P. Pavlov: Physiology of digestion\nRobert Koch: Discoveries in Tuberculosis\nPaul Ehrlich: Immunity\nF.G. Banting & J.J.R. McLeod: Insulin\nWillem Einthoven: ECG\nKarl Landsteiner: Human blood groups\nSir Alexander Fleming: Penicillin\nPaul H. Muller: DDT\nS.A. Waksman: Streptomycin (First antibiotic, against TB)\nHar Gobind Khorana: Interpretation of genetic code\nSir Godfrey N. Hounsfield: CT scan\nJ.E. Murray & E.D. Thomas: Organ and cell transplantation\nSir Peter Mansfield: MRI\nB.J. Marshall & J.R. Warren: H. pylori; its role in peptic ulcer disease\nH.Z. Hausen: HPV causing cervical cancer\nF.B. Sinnoussi & L. Montagnair: HIV\nRobert G. Edwards: In-vitro fertilization", "cop": 1, "opa": "Fredreich Sanger", "opb": "Banting and Macleod", "opc": "Paul Muller", "opd": "Alexander Fleming", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "611f31ee-eb43-4a4b-b8d1-b708174a7f6d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "USHA  workers are proposed to work for population of", "exp": "Health personnel \n\n\nNorm suggested\n\n\n\n\nDoctor \n\n\n1 per 1000\n\n\n\n\nNurse\n\n\n3 per 1 doctor \n\n\n\n\nASHA\n\n\n2 per 1000\n\n\n\n\nHealth workers male and female \n\n\nPlain area - 1 per 5000\n\t\t\tWilly area - 1 per 3000\n\n\n\n\nAnganwadi worker\n\n\nPlain area - 1 per 400-800\n\t\t\tHilly area - 1 per 300-800", "cop": 1, "opa": "1000-2500", "opb": "2500-3000", "opc": "3000-4500", "opd": "5000-10,000", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6b22edbb-b101-47f5-bef6-520d8cb6cb46", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Pellagra in Jowar eating population is due to", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Niacin in bound form", "opb": "Deficiency of Tryptophan", "opc": "Excess of Leucine", "opd": "High consumption of milk and milk products", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "0e452fb2-f782-4198-bf94-a212ffcf6bdd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Accidents happening during weekends is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Cyclic trends", "opb": "Seasonal trends", "opc": "Secular trends", "opd": "Point source epidemic", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b4150677-2bdd-4cf6-a2e5-36a8619380ba", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Secondary prevention is applicable to", "exp": "Secondary prevention includes early diagnosis and treatment, so it aims at preventing a disease progressing to complications Ref: Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine; 23rd edition; Pg no: 42", "cop": 2, "opa": "Casual factors", "opb": "Early stage of disease", "opc": "Late stage of disease", "opd": "General population", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "928d4a32-5c69-457f-a525-9f4b31b6047b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Antiretroviral prophylaxis decrease the chance of transmission of HIV to fetus during pregnancy of HIV to fetus during pregnancy by", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "35%", "opb": "45%", "opc": "50%", "opd": "65%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "3aa49c44-381a-45ca-afdf-5ea97c8393c9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Best indicator of Cardiovascular Disease risk", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Skin fold thickness", "opb": "Waist Hip ratio", "opc": "Waist Circumference", "opd": "BMI", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b12f7404-5ad9-484c-a1c5-8c6f1f8e0c01", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Following index measures average achievement in basic dimensions of human development", "exp": "HDI reflects achievements in the most basic human capabilities like leading a long life, being knowledge and enjoying a decent standard of living. HDI includes Knowledge, income and life expectancy at bih. Ref : Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition - Pgno 17", "cop": 2, "opa": "Human Povey Index", "opb": "Human Development Index", "opc": "Gender Empowerment Index", "opd": "Life Expectancy at Bih", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "15c4ddae-259f-4dec-a78a-0228700bd0ad", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In a slow sand filter ,the element responsible for yielding bacteria freewater is the", "exp": "SLOW SAND OR BIOLOGICAL FILTERS Slow sand filters were first used for water treatment in 1804 in Scotland and subsequently in London. During the 19th century their use spread throughout the world. Even today, they are generally accepted as the standard method of water purification. Elements of a slow sand filter Essentially these consists of : (1) supernatant (raw) water (2) a bed of graded sand (3) an under-drainage system; and (4) a system of filter control valves. Vital layer : When the filter is newly laid, it acts merely as a mechanical strainer, and cannot truly be considered as \"biological\". But very soon, the surface of the sand bed gets covered with a slimy growth known as \"Schmutzdecke\", vital layer, zoogleal layer or biological layer. This layer is slimy and gelatinous and consists of threadlike algae and numerous forms of life including plankton, diatoms and bacteria. The formation of vital layer is known as \"ripening\" of the filter. It may take several days for the vital layer to form fully, and when fully formed it extends for 2 to 3 cm into the top poion of the sand bed. The vital layer is the \"hea\" of the slow sand filter. It removes organic matter, holds back bacteria and oxidizes ammoniacal nitrogen into nitrates and helps in yielding a bacteria-free water. Until the vital layer is fully formed, the first few days filtrate is usually run to waste. Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 751", "cop": 2, "opa": "Valve", "opb": "Vital layer", "opc": "Supernatant water", "opd": "Under drainage system", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "10a33a43-0eb3-4da5-aae4-8ac7fbf373e1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Method of choice for purification of highly polluted water on a large scale is", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Boiling", "opb": "Super chlorination followed by dechlorination", "opc": "Chlorination", "opd": "Ultraviolet light treatment", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e7744009-5551-4324-b7f4-ef5166e3bfec", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Vagabond disease transmitted by", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Mite", "opb": "Louse", "opc": "Tick", "opd": "Black Fly", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "9466022b-83d7-4925-9ae3-fc201787bf59", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Relative humidity is determined by", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Kata thermometer", "opb": "Anemometer", "opc": "Sling psychrometer", "opd": "Gardbad apparatus", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "5ea0552f-99ca-4ad4-9dd4-5c6df0c1cfc7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Chimney Sweeper cancer is the other name for", "exp": "Ref: Park's textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed", "cop": 1, "opa": "Carcinoma scrotum", "opb": "Carcinoma lung", "opc": "Carcinoma skin", "opd": "Carcinoma testis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Hospital waste and disaster management, Occupational health", "id": "eeedb13a-ac35-414c-b6f9-6ccd4263f20a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The following set of words can be used synonymously in epidemiology", "exp": "in latent infection the host does not shed the infectious agent which lies dormant within the host without symptoms.the subclinical cases are referred to as inapparent,cove,missed or aboive cases.they are equally impoant as sources of imfections.the term primary case is the first case of a communicable disease and index case refers to the first case that comes to the attention of an investigator.ref;parks textbook ,22 nd ed,pg no 92", "cop": 3, "opa": "Source and reservoir", "opb": "Index and primary case", "opc": "Latent infection and subclinical infection", "opd": "Serial interval and incubation period", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "6f008c97-8bf9-4ad0-aae0-b653d350421e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Asha scheme is associated with", "exp": "Creation of a cadre of Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) is associated with National rural health mission. Ref: PARK&;S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE 23rd edition pg 449", "cop": 2, "opa": "ICDS", "opb": "Rural health mission", "opc": "20 points programme", "opd": "Minimum needs programme", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health programmes in India", "id": "55a66c1f-f2d2-4007-b678-fde0dfbdeadb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In random sampling chance of being picked up is", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' Same & known a Most samples used in biomedical research are probability samples, samples in which the researcher can specify the probability of each population element being included\"There are four basic kinds of probability samples:Simple random samplesStratified random samplesCluster samplesSystematic samplesSimple random sample is the simplest probability samples, it is a sample drawn so that every element in the population has an equal probability of being includedThus reading these above quoted lines, make it clear that the probability of being included (ie chance of being picked up) is same and the researcher can specify it (ie the probability in known).", "cop": 1, "opa": "Same and known", "opb": "Not same and not known", "opc": "Same and not known", "opd": "Not same but known", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Data Variables", "id": "de1a9630-89d9-4273-9474-f8f1e36277c7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae infection is transmitted by the following animals", "exp": "(A) Rats # Leptospiral infection Serotype: Icterohaemorrhage Disease: Weil's disease Clinical picture: Fever, jaundice, haemorrhages Animal reservoir: Rat Distribution: Worldwide> Several animals act as carriers for Leptospira.> Rats are particularly important for Leptospira as they are ubiquitous and carry most pathogenic serotype iceterohemorrhagiae.> Source of Infection of Leptospira : Leptospira are excreted in the urine of infected animals for a long time, often for an entire life time in cases of rodents> Animal Reservoirs: Leptospirosis affects wild and domestic animals worldwide especially rodents such as rats, mice and voles.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Rats", "opb": "Dogs", "opc": "Birds", "opd": "Bats", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "7b15d9e5-327e-4f28-9852-76de867dd62f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Disinfecting action of chlorine on water is mainly due to", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Hydrogen chloride", "opb": "Hydrogen ions", "opc": "Hypochlorous acid", "opd": "Hypochlorite ions", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "2ba5d5e3-3ded-4cb1-925c-d9575b92d4ac", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Dose response relationship is a measure of", "exp": "Ans. is 'b' i.e., Strength of association* Likehood of a causal relationship is increased by the presence of the following criteria :1. Temporal association# It implies that suspected cause preceds the observed effect. It is the most important criteria.2. Strength of association# It implies how strongly exposure is associated with disease. It can be determined by relative risk (in cohort study), odds ratio (in case-control study), dose response relationship. and cessation of exposure (reversibility).3. Consistency of association# The association is consistent if the results are replicated when studies in different settings and by different methods.4. Coherence of association# The causal association must be coherent (supported by) with relevant facts.5. Specificity of association# It is implies a 'one to one relationship'. It is the weakest and the most difficult criteria to establish.6. Biological plausibility# It implies biological credibility to the association, that is the association agrees with current understanding of the response of cells, tissues organs and system to stimuli.# For example, positive association of food intake with GI cancer is biological plausable (food enters GIT and causes cellular response), while positive association of food intake and skin cancer is not biological plausible.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Consistency of association", "opb": "Strength of associaion", "opc": "Consistency of association", "opd": "Specificity of association.", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "3aae1463-cbb8-45b1-8454-fa4a012ff0ec", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Used urine bags and catheters are disposed in", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Red bag", "opb": "Yellow bag", "opc": "Blue bag", "opd": "White container", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "d855a257-b2aa-47f7-840d-1a7db9656b94", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Acute silicosis clinical manifestation is", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis Silicosis Silicosis is a lung disease caused by inhalation of cystalline silicon diaoxide (silica). o currently, it is the most prevalent occupational disease in the world. o There are three types of silicosis - i) Acute silicosis Results from sho-term exposure to a very large amounts of silica. A subset of acute silicosis is silicoproteinosis the chest radiographic appearance of which mimic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. A miliary picture with very small round opacities may also occur in lower lung fields. ii) Accelerated silicosis Occurs after exposure to large amounts of silica over a shoer period of time (4-8 years). Inflammation, scarring and symptoms progress faster than chronic silicosis. iii) Chronic silicosis Results from long term exposure (more than 20 years) of low amounts of silica dust. Nodules in upper zones of lung. Fibrotic lesions in hilar lymph node & pleura Progressive massive fibrosis increased susceptibility of TB --> silicotuberculosis", "cop": 1, "opa": "Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis", "opb": "Hypersensitivity penumonitis", "opc": "Hypersensitivity pneumonia", "opd": "Forms nodules and causes pneumoconiosis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "8821e8db-71ca-457f-8640-80b8469ba591", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Salk vaccine is a", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Live vaccine", "opb": "Live attenuated vaccine", "opc": "Toxoid", "opd": "Killed vaccine", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e6e1fdc1-6f01-434e-8b2d-3567d97741d7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "DALY is", "exp": "(Disability Adjusted Life Year) (24-Park 19th) (26-Park 20th)DALY - (Disability Adjusted Life Year) - is a measure of the burden of disease in a defined population and the effectiveness of the interventions.* DALYs express years of life lost to premature death and years lived with disability adjusted for the severity of the disability. One DALY is \"one lost year of healthy life\"* DALYs are advocated as an alternative to QALY and claimed to be a valid indicator of health* HALE (health-Adjusted Life Expectancy)* DALE (Disability Adjusted Life Expectancy)", "cop": 2, "opa": "Disease - Adjusted Life year", "opb": "Disability Adjusted Life year", "opc": "Disease Associated Life year", "opd": "Disability Associated Life year", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of Health and Disease", "id": "059d47bc-dcc1-4b57-9e0b-26003f6f9baa", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The effective temperature of 'comfo zone is%", "exp": "Arm. is 'a' i.e 25-26.90 C", "cop": 1, "opa": "25-26.9deg C", "opb": "27-29deg C", "opc": "< 19degC", "opd": "19-23deg C", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "f07da432-1036-4e3d-bdad-46a9cc13ac41", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "For a given population, minimum no. of newborns to be examined for calculating percentage of LBW babies is", "exp": "LBW is regardless of gestational age.\nDepending on the population, the percentage of LBW be based on measurements of atleast 500 babies.\nGoal for LBW in National Health Policy 1983: Reduce LBW to <10% by 2000.", "cop": 3, "opa": "100 babies", "opb": "1000 babies", "opc": "500 babies", "opd": "10,000 babies", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "7275cdf8-5d43-4bd5-aa9e-82ab14f138b9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Auditory aids include", "exp": "Audio-visual aidsNo health education can be effective without audiovisual aidsAuditory aids:Radio, tape-recorder, microphones, amplifiers, earphonesVisual aids:Not requiring projection: Chalkboard, leaflets, posters, chas, flannelgraph, exhibits, models, specimens etcRequiring projection: Slides, film stripsCombined A-V aids:Television; sound films, Slide tape combinationRef: Park; 23rd ed; Pg 863", "cop": 3, "opa": "Sound films", "opb": "Slide-tape", "opc": "Amplifiers", "opd": "Models", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health education & planning", "id": "4a0fee84-dcbf-48ab-93c5-87122e146533", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Child Pugh score is a type of", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed", "cop": 2, "opa": "Nominal", "opb": "Ordinal", "opc": "Quantitative", "opd": "Qualitative", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "c4f5dfb3-d96c-484a-813a-58c9c4a89160", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "‘Burning Sole Syndrome’ is seen in deficiency of", "exp": "• Pantothenic acid is required by adrenal cortex.\n• Pantothenic acid deficiency was thought to be cause of 'Burning Feet/Sole Syndrome' among PoW in WW II.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Pantothenic acid", "opb": "Pyridoxine", "opc": "Riboflavin", "opd": "Vitamin B12", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "4eb049ce-4dca-4024-a489-19575abac996", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Contraceptive efficacy expressed as", "exp": "Contraceptive efficacy is assessed by measuring the number of unplanned pregnancies that occur during a specified period of exposure and use of contraceptive methods.Contraceptive efficacy is measured using Pearl index and life table analysis. Pearl index is number of failure per 100 woman-years of exposure (HWY) HWY=total accidental pregnancies/total months of exposure.*1200 Life table analysis measure failure rate per month of exposure. Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine.K Park. Edition 23.Pg no: 510", "cop": 3, "opa": "100 women months", "opb": "1000 women years", "opc": "100 women years", "opd": "10 women years", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Non communicable diseases", "id": "d38fd104-f85a-48da-bf47-aa9a951ef3dc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Sullage consists of", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Solid vegetable waste matter", "opb": "Inorganic waste", "opc": "Waste containing human excreta", "opd": "Waste water from kitchen", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "f1a4ec5d-6368-41c8-93be-0b6858aff7b4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not included in kuppuswamy scale", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Income", "opb": "Housing", "opc": "Occupation", "opd": "Education", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "51be2e59-9a8c-4bbf-ba28-e5de815991da", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "CO2 in air is measured by", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Kieffer test", "opb": "EPKJMAN'S test", "opc": "Silvered thermometer", "opd": "Orthotoludene test", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "74e3c7f5-4739-43ff-9f7f-a5eb73933da5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Poverty index does not include deprivation of", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Long life", "opb": "Knowledge", "opc": "Income", "opd": "Standard of living", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e2dcd27a-4c75-4f1e-aab2-27700f20293a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Claviceps fusiformis is responsible for", "exp": "Ergot Unlike Aspergillus, ergot is not a storage fungus, but a field fungus. Foodgrains such as bajra, rye, sorghum, and wheat have a tendency to get infested during the flowering stages by the ergot fungus (Claviceps purpurea). Fungus grows as a blackish mass and the seeds become black and irregular and are harvested along with food grains. Consumption of ergot infested grain leads to ergotism. Sporadic outbreaks of ergot poisoning in human population have been repoed from time to time in areas where bajra is consumed as a staple. The symptoms are acute but rarelyfatal and include nausea, repeated vomiting, giddiness and drowsiness extending sometimes for periods upto 24 to 48 hours after the ingestion of ergoty grain. In chronic cases, painful cramps in limbs and peripheral gangrene due to vasoconstriction of capillaries have been repoed. However, the long-term effects of consuming small amounts of the Toxin are not known. A disquieting feature is that the recently introduced high-yielding varieties of bajra are more susceptible to infestation. Ergot-infested grains can be easily removed by floating them in 20 per cent salt water. They can also be removed by hand-picking or air floatation. The upper safe limit for the ergot alkaloids has been estimated to be 0.05 mg per 100 grams of the food material. Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 694", "cop": 2, "opa": "Neurolatyrism", "opb": "Ergotism", "opc": "Epidemic dropsy", "opd": "Endemic ascites", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and health", "id": "9d8d6b82-9a1a-432b-bce1-faec2dabb809", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Safe period is calculated by", "exp": "The safe period is calculated by the length of menstrual cycle The shoest cycle minus 18 days gives the first day of feile period and longest cycle minus 10 days gives the last day of the feile period The couple should abstain from coitus during feile period Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 507", "cop": 1, "opa": "Length of menstrual cycle", "opb": "Duration Date of ovulation", "opc": "Length of ovulation", "opd": "Length of luteal phase", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "391cd678-7b21-450b-8404-71cd9b0cf1a2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "To eradicate measles the percentage of population to be vaccinated is at least............%", "exp": "95", "cop": 4, "opa": "70", "opb": "80", "opc": "85", "opd": "95", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "7d389cb6-e142-47c5-a617-af8263daa124", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "IQ in mild mental retardation is", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.e., 50-70", "cop": 1, "opa": "50-70", "opb": "35-49", "opc": "20-34", "opd": "< 20", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ebb44820-9311-4045-adb8-586ac02bc22e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Component of Human Development Life", "exp": "Components of HDI: Life expectancy at bih Knowledge Standard of Living. HDI ranges between 0 to 1. Ref: Park 24th edition. Pg: 17", "cop": 4, "opa": "Infant Moality", "opb": "Literacy", "opc": "Life expectancy at age one", "opd": "Life expectancy at bih", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "a3054de6-0b3e-4e08-acfd-f63565caeffa", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Secular trend is demonstrated by", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Pic chart", "opb": "Line diagram", "opc": "Scatter diagram", "opd": "Pictogram", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "649091d0-3746-4a59-9f9a-8d82094b0196", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The minimum recommended level of residual chlorine in the drinking water is for one hour", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "0.5 mg/L", "opb": "0.25 mg/L", "opc": "1.0 mg/L", "opd": "2.0 mg/L", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "5400b391-a69a-45e7-978d-9ce7d8f4a35f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not seen in fecal pollution is", "exp": "The primary bacterial indicator recommended for faecal contamination is the coliform group of organisms as a whole (E.Coli)Supplementary indicator organisms are faecal streptococci and sulphite-reducing clostridia.Park 23e pg: 720", "cop": 1, "opa": "Staphylococcus", "opb": "Streptococcus", "opc": "E.coli", "opd": "Clostridium perfringens", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "7f691d6e-2cb9-4746-a0a1-1f6af05d624b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Present \" total feility rates\"", "exp": "Total feility rate : As per 2017 census is 2.2 Ref : Census of India, GOI Park 25th edition Pgno : 540", "cop": 1, "opa": "2.2", "opb": "3.6", "opc": "1.3", "opd": "4.5", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "7e420513-62b0-40f6-9502-a47c0e110445", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Kata thermometer measures", "exp": "Kata thermometer measures ‘cooling power of air’: Cooling power of air comprises of\n\n– Air temperature\n– Humidity\n– Air movement\n\nKata thermometer readings as indices of thermal comfort:\n\n– Dry kata reading > 6 (Thermal comfort)\n– Wet kata reading > 20 (Thermal comfort)\n\nNowadays it is used to record low air velocity.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Air temperature only", "opb": "Air temperature, humidity and air movement", "opc": "Air temperature and humidity", "opd": "Air velocity only", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "07c69109-900d-47d5-b89b-aa633a758d86", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The standard definition of public health was given by", "exp": "Chadwick worked on great cholera epidemic of 1932 and published \" The sanitary conditions of the labouring population in Great Britan\"Jon Snow studied the epidemic of choleraShattuck published a book on health conditions in Massachusetts.Winslow defined public health as\" the science and a of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health and efficiency through organised community effo.Park 23e pg:9", "cop": 1, "opa": "Winslow", "opb": "Virchow", "opc": "Shattuck", "opd": "Chadwick", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "58f1ea77-3c21-4b5b-9939-4cf0ca2c4f6b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Inclusion body in neuron is seen in", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Diphtheria", "opb": "Yellow fever", "opc": "Japanese encephalitis", "opd": "Rabies", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "dd991ada-46b8-4a13-9869-ae4035e77103", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Measles vaccination is given at", "exp": "<p>MEASLES VACCINE:- Live attenuated vaccine Person to person transmission of measles vaccine strains has never been documented. Freeze dried product. Before use ,the lyophilised vaccine is reconstituted with sterile diluent. Diluent must be cooled before reconstitution but it should not be freezed.After reconstitution , vaccine must be stored in dark at 2-8 degree celcius and used within 4 hrs. Each dose if 0.5 ml contains > 1000 viral infective units of vaccine strain. Measles vaccine may also contain sorbitol and hydrolysed gelatin as stabilizers and neomycin but it doesn&;t have thiomersal. Age-before 9 months.The age can be lowered to 6 months if there is measles outbreak in community.For infants immunised between 6 and 9 months,second dose administered as soon as possible after the child reaches 9 months provided that at least 4 weeks have elapsed since the last dose. Route-subcutaneous/intramuscular. Immune response- both humoral and cellular. Contraindications- High fever,pregnancy, history of anaphylactic reaction to vaccine components, immunocompromised individuals, leukemia, lymphoma,severe HIV( early stage of HIV is not a contraindication), treatment with steroids, antimetabolites and serious malignancy. Adverse reactions:- TSS-toxic shock syndrome. Occurs when measles vaccine is contaminated or when the same l is used more than once on same day / next day. The vaccine should not be used after 4 hrs of reconstitution. Symptoms of TSS : severe watery diarrhoea, vomiting, high fever repoed within few hours after vaccination. TSS is totally preventable and reflects poor quality of immunisation. {Reference: park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no.149}</p>", "cop": 1, "opa": "9 months", "opb": "At bih", "opc": "4 weeks", "opd": "8 weeks", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "c49fca52-3025-40d3-9ba0-4908713490f3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Education and motivation for healthy lifestyle is", "exp": "Health promotion Health promotion is \"the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve health\" . It is not directed against any paicular disease, but is intended to strengthen the host through a variety of approaches (interventions). The well-known interventions in this area are: i. health education ii. environmental modifications iii. nutritional interventions iv. lifestyle and behavioural changes Ref: Park 24th Edition Pgno: 47", "cop": 3, "opa": "Primordial prevention", "opb": "Secondary prevention", "opc": "Health Promotion", "opd": "Specific Protection", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "85825349-03d1-4eed-a3a8-f45df83237af", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Highest level of health care is", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Primary health care", "opb": "Tertiary care", "opc": "Child care", "opd": "Secondary level care", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ee776915-2a77-4fcc-a515-dc5221cd3ea1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A dental surgeon appointed in a rural health centre reports an increased incidence of dental caries in the people of that area. Research team confirmed that water supply of that area is deficient in", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Chloride", "opb": "Sodium", "opc": "Calcium", "opd": "Fluoride", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c399ec65-ae1f-464b-a75c-6a8ff6fd0e9f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Number of air changes in a drawing room per hour should be at least", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "5-Apr", "opb": "4-Mar", "opc": "3-Feb", "opd": "6-May", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "9503559c-b468-4e9a-9f8f-18e2661dc4ba", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Hospital waste product accounts", "exp": "The average composition of hospital wastes in India is: - 15% rags -15% - 10% metals- 1% infectious wastes-1.5% -4% wastes-53.5% Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no:790, table 2", "cop": 2, "opa": "Paper: 40%", "opb": "Plastic:10%", "opc": "Infectious waste: 30%", "opd": "Rage: 30%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Hospital waste and disaster management, Occupational health", "id": "1bc04b38-1c92-49f3-92c4-c26836925187", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Migration study is used to study", "exp": "Large-scale migration of human populations from one country to another provides a unique oppounity to evaluate the role of the possible genetic and environmental factors in the occurrence of disease in a population.Migration studies can be carried out in 2 ways -a) Comparision of disease and death rates for migrants with that kin who have stayed at home. (Genetically similar groups living in different environmental conditions)b) Comparision of migrants with the local population of the host country. (genetically different groups living in the same environment)Park 23e pg: 67", "cop": 3, "opa": "Sociodemographic reasons for migration of a population", "opb": "Prevalence of disease in a population", "opc": "Environmental and genetic factors in a disease in population", "opd": "Diseases with long incubation period", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "70fc01f3-b003-4a5b-84b5-3c9273b3e4dd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Schmutzdecke refers to the following", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Suspended matter in drinking water", "opb": "Algae in drinking water", "opc": "Algae, plankton, diatoms and bacteria on surface of sand bed filter", "opd": "Alum flocculate on surface of sand bed filter", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "90957f17-585c-43a1-a88b-7e8fdff4d6ce", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "BCG is", "exp": "Ans. a (Live attenuated vaccine). (Ref. Park, PSM, 17th ed., 148)VACCINESLive attenuated vaccinesInactivated or killed vaccines1.BCG1.Typhoid2.Typhoid oral2.Cholera3.Plague3.Pertussis4.Mumps4.C.S. Meningitis5.Measles5.Plague6.Rubella6.Rabies7.Yellow fever7.Influenza8.OPV8.KFD vaccine9.Influenza9.Salk (Polio)10.Epi. typhus10.Hepatitis B 11.Japanese Encephalitis", "cop": 1, "opa": "Live attenuated vaccine", "opb": "Killed vaccine", "opc": "Toxoid", "opd": "Immunosuppressant agent", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable Diseases", "id": "37e5fc4c-fd2e-4da8-abe7-736b9a3e6ea5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The mean radiant temperature is measured by", "exp": "Instruments used in Air temperature Instrument Measures Dry bulb thermometer Air temperature Wet bulb thermometer Air temperature Maximum thermometer Air temperature Minimum thermometer Air temperature Six's maximum and minimum thermometer Air temperature Silvered thermometer Air temperature Globe thermometer Mean radiant temperature Wet Globe thermometer Environmental heat Kata thermometer Cooling power of Air; Low air velocities Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 783-784", "cop": 4, "opa": "Dry bulb thermometer", "opb": "Wet bulb thermometer", "opc": "Six's maximum and minimum thermometer", "opd": "Globe thermometer", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "d0f82df3-9efb-4ef1-89f3-142723c035d4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "New family mean couples under", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "2 years", "opb": "5 years", "opc": "Until first child is born", "opd": "10 years", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b989baa0-552d-4db8-9c9d-ca9914ac72d3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The most important function of sentinel surveillance is", "exp": "Sentinel Surveillance\n\nIt estimates disease prevalence in a population.\nIt is a method for identifying the missing cases and thereby supplementing the notified cases.", "cop": 3, "opa": "To determine the trend of disease in a population", "opb": "To notify disease", "opc": "To find the total amount of disease in a population", "opd": "To plan effective control measures", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "1c010212-b2d4-4961-bd89-39d5b312db22", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Obstetric care will mostly effect", "exp": "Ref:Park's Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th ed", "cop": 4, "opa": "Infant moality rate", "opb": "Late neonatal moality rate", "opc": "Early neonatal moality rate", "opd": "Perinatal moality rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics", "id": "a07386e6-aad1-4b91-886a-7948ad0a8734", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, following is at the top of pyramid", "exp": "Social Pathology : Is the study of social problems which undermine the social, psychological or economical health of the populations; it is used to describe relationship between disease and social conditions.\nSocial pathology is uncovered by 'Social surveys'.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Physical needs", "opb": "Self actualization", "opc": "Safety", "opd": "Esteem recognition", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ca7fb190-b32e-467e-b6ef-eaee1ae3bd94", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Zoonotic disease among the following", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Scabies", "opb": "Malaria", "opc": "Tetanus", "opd": "Hydatid cyst", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "5b925bbb-0386-4b71-9e7e-6692e60d5957", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "For diagnosis of TB under RNTCP guidelines, minimum number of sputum specimens taken", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "1", "opb": "2", "opc": "4", "opd": "3", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "56bf5253-5ce6-45ba-8b47-a0a3937a1544", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The most sensitive indicator of environmental iodine deficiency is", "exp": "Ans. d. Neonatal hypothyroidism", "cop": 4, "opa": "Serum T4 levels", "opb": "Serum T3 levels", "opc": "Urine iodine excretion", "opd": "Neonatal hypothyroidism", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "7c7996cf-aa19-4f35-8b16-a67fd1bb3897", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Respirable dust for pneumoconiosis", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "0.1–5 m", "opb": "5–10 m", "opc": "10–15 m", "opd": "15–20 m", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "5ae42c7b-b489-4fd7-a24b-8ee4f1579349", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Mudaliar committee is also know as", "exp": "Bhore committee : Health surgery and Development committee.\nMudaliar committee : Health survey and Planning committee.\nJungalwalla committee : Committee on Integration of health survives.\nKartar signs committee : Committee on multipurpose workers under health and family planning.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Health survey and Development committee", "opb": "Health survey and Planning committee", "opc": "Committee on Integration of health survives", "opd": "Committee on multipurpose workers", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "0c304257-8feb-4fcc-8091-43bab29ccb38", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Bacterial Index deals with", "exp": "In leprosy, Bacterial Index is the only objective way of monitoring the benefit of treatment. 0 No bacilli in any of 100 oil immersion fields1+ 1-10 in 1002+ 1-10 in 103+ 1-10 in each field4+ 10-1005+ 100-10006+ more than 1000It is calculated for each site examined an average is taken.Park 23e pg: 314", "cop": 2, "opa": "Tuberculosis", "opb": "Leprosy", "opc": "Syphilis", "opd": "Gonorrhea", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "e7b0643a-a2dc-45d9-8be6-b94bdfbef484", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Vaccine preventable neonatal disease is", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Tuberculosis", "opb": "Tetanus", "opc": "Pertussis", "opd": "Measles", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b401f233-8a2f-43a3-a4da-d2410734b990", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Visible spectrum of light", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.e., 370-740 nm o As perceived by the human eye; light consists of those wavelengths of electromagenatic radiation (approximately 400-700 mm) which are capable of eliciting retinal response.", "cop": 1, "opa": "370 - 740 nm", "opb": "740-1140 nm", "opc": "200 - 370 nm", "opd": "200 - 370 nm", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Light", "id": "c9f79ca8-3c4e-4ae6-88ca-94d48ab84a53", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Population covered by Anganwadi in tribal area is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "700", "opb": "100", "opc": "400", "opd": "1000", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6542d0f3-1aa3-4683-a2d1-9acd3f44439a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "UNDP works as", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "The main source of funds for child health", "opb": "The main source of funds for technical assistance", "opc": "The Source of funds for research and development", "opd": "Education source for developing countries", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "a5670e80-e052-4c21-a0d6-7bcb9a0fc9d9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "IQ is calculated by", "exp": "IQ = mental age / chronological age x 100Idiot: 0-24Imbecile: 25-49Moron: 50-69Borderline: 70-79Low normal: 80-89Normal: 90-109Superior: 110-119Very superior 120-139Near genius 140 and over Park 23e pg: 679", "cop": 1, "opa": "Mental age/chronological age x 100", "opb": "Mental age - chronological age x 100", "opc": "Chronological age/mental age x 100", "opd": "Chronological age - mental age x 100", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Social science, Mental health & Genetics", "id": "e2f0250c-35a9-4e7d-bbeb-fb104cbb4574", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The breeding ground for the vectors of Japanese B virus is", "exp": "Japanese encephalitis JE is a mosquito-borne encephalitis caused by group B arbovirus (Flavivirus) and transmitted by culicine mosquitoes. Zoonotic disease. Transmission occurs principally in rural agricultural location where flooding irrigation is practiced. Ref: Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine 23rd edition", "cop": 1, "opa": "Paddy field", "opb": "Mixed garbage", "opc": "Cooler water", "opd": "Stale food", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "c1ed56e7-2aa1-4deb-b52b-c93cc3075724", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In a community of 5000 people, the crude bih rate is 30 per 1000 people. The number of pregnant females is", "exp": "No. of Pregnancies = number of bihs + number of aboions + estimated total fetal lossespregnancy wastage = number of aboions+ estimated total fetal losses is taken as 10% (as per Indian demographic data)pregnancy rate = 30*5 + 10% 0f 30*5 = 150+ 15 = 165", "cop": 2, "opa": "150", "opb": "165", "opc": "175", "opd": "200", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "d2dd98c1-f548-4019-819c-6e66bc31fdfb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The denominator in General feility rate", "exp": "General feility rate (GFR) : Number of live bihs per 1000 women in the reproductive age group 15-49 years in a given year Denominator : Takes 'mid-year population' of 15-49 years age females into account Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 539", "cop": 3, "opa": "Live bihs", "opb": "Mid year population", "opc": "Reproductive women in the age group 15-45 mid year population", "opd": "Married women in the age group 15-45", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Non communicable diseases", "id": "81e75f78-2c14-4b8d-bcff-1f3d47cdc9ed", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Emporiatrics deals with the health of", "exp": "Emporiatrics : it is the term coined to describe the science of health of travellers . Ref : parks textbook of PSM 24th edition page no :135", "cop": 2, "opa": "Farmers", "opb": "Travellers", "opc": "Industrial workers", "opd": "Mine workers", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "e566344d-17f8-4d15-8802-4131ef3048da", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The health indicator obtained by dividing height by cube root of weight is", "exp": "Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine 23rd edition. ponders index= height (cm)/cube root of body wgt quetelet's index= wgt (kg)/height square. Brocca index =height -100 Corpulence index= actual wgt/ desirable wgt", "cop": 4, "opa": "Quetelet's index", "opb": "Brocca index", "opc": "Corpulence index", "opd": "Ponderal index", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "1f1e9cf3-66ce-476f-a1d2-57c78ca28d41", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Putting profit ahead of health as a cause of disease is provided by theory of sociology", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Marxist theory", "opb": "Feminist theory", "opc": "Parsonian theory", "opd": "Foucauldian theory", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "06771210-909a-4361-a099-549b30cc1535", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Infectivity of an organism is measured by", "exp": "Infectivity of an organism is measured by incidence rate Incidence rate: It is the number of new cases occuring in a defined population during a specified period of time Prevalence rate: It is the number of new and old cases existing in a population during a specified period of time Case fatality rate: It is the ratio of total number of deaths due to a paicular disease to total number of cases due to same disease Secondary attack rate: It is defined as the number of exposed person developing the disease within the range of the incubation period following exposure to a primary case Ref : Park&;s Textbook of preventive and social medicine; 24th edition; Pg no 60", "cop": 1, "opa": "Incidence rate", "opb": "Prevalence rate", "opc": "Secondary attack rate", "opd": "Case fatality rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "55d54895-2c51-4c24-b324-790ac73bd48c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The number of live birth per 1000 women in the reproductive age group in a year refers to", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "General Fertility Rate", "opb": "Gross Reproduction Rate", "opc": "Net Reproduction Rate", "opd": "Total fertility rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "bef4eff8-654d-451f-9aaf-0768d3c10c61", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Alfred Grotjahn is famous for", "exp": "In 1911, the concept of social medicine was revived by Alfred Grotjahn (1869-1931) of Berlin who stressed the impoance of social factors in the aetiology of disease, which he called \"social pathology\". Others called it geographical pathology and population pathology. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 8", "cop": 4, "opa": "Epidemiology", "opb": "Biostatistics", "opc": "Vaccination", "opd": "Social hygiene", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Social science, Mental health & Genetics", "id": "15cc99bf-e2a4-465b-b714-bb5d3acf3ae5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The growth pattern of a population with an annual growth rate of 1.5% to 2.0% is", "exp": "When crude death rate is substracted from crude bih rate ,the net residual is current annual grow rate , exclusive of migration. If the annual growth rate is increased from 1.5% to 2.0%, then it is rated as very rapid growth. Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Pg no:481, table5", "cop": 4, "opa": "Slow growth", "opb": "Moderate growth", "opc": "Rapid growth", "opd": "Very rapid growth", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "1b8adb41-e318-4669-a790-6f6f2f0f55c2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The father of modern epidemiological surveillance is", "exp": "William Farr is often referred to as the father of modern epidemiological surveillance. Textbook on Public Health and Community Medicine pg: 14.", "cop": 1, "opa": "William Farr", "opb": "James Lind", "opc": "Edwin Chadwick", "opd": "Pettenkofer", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "1a38a051-66c8-4b09-8318-27658d58706e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Prevention of emergence of risk factor is", "exp": "Primodial prevention aims at preventing emergence of risk factors Ref : Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition", "cop": 1, "opa": "Primordial prevention", "opb": "Primary prevention", "opc": "Secondary prevention", "opd": "Teiary prevention", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "910989f3-2d65-43fc-9ee9-9a68458b7bf7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Mass prophylaxis not done in", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Scabies", "opb": "Lymphatic filariasis", "opc": "Vitamin A deficiency", "opd": "Worm infestation", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "73dff89e-30aa-4277-8817-2a6c47e37e1c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Compared to cow&;s milk, human milk has", "exp": "Cow&;s milk and human milk are dissimilar in many aspects. The differences may be seen as great as the difference between brain and brawn.Protein: Human milk contains low protein, 3times less than cows milk. Human milk contains more cysteine, essential for prematures and less methionine than cows milk. Human milk is viually a living fluidFats: Mothers milk is especially rich in fats, which represent between 30-50 percent of total energy value. Carbohydrates: Human milk contains more lactose than most other milks. It may be especially useful for growing brainsVitamins and Minerals: Human milk is rich in Vitamin D, C, A etcAnother factor which is supposed to be deficient in human milk is iron but again recent work has shown that iron contained in breast milk has a high level of bioavailability.Ref: Park; 23rd ed; Pg 540", "cop": 3, "opa": "More proteins", "opb": "Less carbohydrates", "opc": "More iron", "opd": "Less of vitamins", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Maternal and child care", "id": "c916dd34-37a4-443b-a3d9-cb709260c5dc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most peripheral laboratory under RNTCP", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Peripheral Reference laboratory", "opb": "Designated microscopy centre", "opc": "Tuberculosis unit", "opd": "Intermediate Reference laboratory", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "8abad965-61f6-4928-965d-4fed143670d0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Best in primary prevention of tuberculosis and leprosy", "exp": "No preventive campaign is complete without health education Health education aims at helping people develop attitude and behaviour by their own actions and effos and seeking professional help when needed Health education should be directed towards patient and his family for better patient compliance with the drug regimen and to reduce high dropout rates and the general public to remove superstition and wrong belief and the social stigma associated with the disease Ref : Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition; Page no 328", "cop": 1, "opa": "Health education", "opb": "Early diagnosis and treatment", "opc": "Isolation", "opd": "Chemotherapy", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "67cf4d22-348b-4ebc-aeb5-56c34a813f15", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Unit of study in Randomised control trial is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Population", "opb": "Healthy person", "opc": "Patient", "opd": "Sample group", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "210416db-c684-4ea5-ab7f-d2a075124fd6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Vaccine administered by following route is", "exp": "Hlnl live (Intranasal route)", "cop": 3, "opa": "Typhoral live", "opb": "H1n1 killed", "opc": "H1n1 live", "opd": "Yellow fever live", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Influenza", "id": "63de4ee4-9b7b-4312-aad2-45f5aa3cac7b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The depth of water seal in RCA latrine is", "exp": "RCA latrine TRAP Latrine pan The trap is a bent pipe, about 7.5 cm in diameter and is connected with the pan. It holds water and provides the necessary 'water seal'. The water seal is the distance between the level of water in the trap and the lowest point in the concave upper surface of the trap. The depth of the water seal (AB) in the RCA latrine is 2 cm ( 3/4 in.). The water seal prevents the access by flies and suppresses the nuisance from smell. Ref : Park 25th edition Pgno : 796", "cop": 2, "opa": "1cm", "opb": "2cm", "opc": "5cm", "opd": "12cm", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "c98f181d-d1f1-495a-bf81-3b0f1e018cef", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Best site for measuring skin fold thickness", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Subscapular region", "opb": "Mid triceps", "opc": "Abdominal region", "opd": "Mid thighs", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ac0756a5-59b4-46cb-a7cb-d15a768f10da", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "IQ value of Imbecile according to weehsler Intelligence scale", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "25 - 49", "opb": "50 - 69", "opc": "70 - 79", "opd": "90 - 109", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "74aebdbd-0bfa-4862-8ee7-17e4dea69416", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Glycosylated haemoglobin reflects the mean blood glucose level of previous", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "15 days", "opb": "1 month", "opc": "3 months", "opd": "6 months", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "80645cce-f833-482e-8ec7-41f98bd443a2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Disinfection of sputum is done by", "exp": "Sputum is best received in gauze or paper handkerchief and destroyed by burning. If the amount is considerable it may be disinfected by boiling or autoclaving for 20 minutes at 20 lbs pressure. Alternatively, the patient may be asked to spit in a sputum cup half-filled with 5 percent creosol. When the cup is full it is allowed to stand for an hour and the contents may be emptied and disposed off. Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 143", "cop": 2, "opa": "Boiling", "opb": "Autoclaving", "opc": "Sunlight", "opd": "Burning", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "e14a18fd-b1a6-4595-94dc-269627a1b34e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Focus group discussion should have", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "4 - 6 members", "opb": "6 - 12 members", "opc": "> 12 members", "opd": "< 4 members", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "544eda7f-41d7-4bfe-8af9-1490e6f5c3ee", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Acceptable fluoride concentration in drinking water is", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "4 ppm", "opb": "2 ppm", "opc": "3 ppm", "opd": "1 ppm", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "1af0675f-1703-4fd7-92bc-5fdddf12ad24", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Best level of prevention for Breast cancer", "exp": "Ans. (b) Early diagnosis and treatmentRef. Park 25/e p416]Screening of Breast Cancer* Tests: Mammography, USG, Thermography, Breast self-examination (BSE), Palpation by Physician/Surgeon, MRI* Level of prevention: Secondary (Early diagnosis)", "cop": 2, "opa": "Specific protection", "opb": "Early diagnosis and treatment", "opc": "Disability limitation", "opd": "Rehabilitation", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "9e2d0c29-bab5-4416-82ff-d63448723d13", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Pearl Index is expressed", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Per 10 woman years", "opb": "Per 1000 woman years", "opc": "Per 100 woman years", "opd": "Per 50 woman years", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6f64a94a-1502-4fe5-8c73-576796fa852c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common side effect of IUDs", "exp": "Most common side effect : Increased vaginal bleed.\n2nd most common side effect : Pain.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Pain abdomen", "opb": "Increased vaginal bleed", "opc": "Abortion", "opd": "Pelvic Infleammatiom", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "5b84564b-7696-4c95-a8ed-0db5a79a3a8c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Target couple is;", "exp": "The definition of a target couple includes- Couples who have had 2-3 living children, and family planning was largely directed to such couples Fuher, definition has been gradually enlarged to include families with one child or even newly married couples to develop acceptance of the idea of family planning.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Couple with 3 children", "opb": "Couple using contraception", "opc": "Currently married couple where the wife is in reproductive age (15-49 year)", "opd": "Couple that is eligible for practicing family planning", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "FMGE 2019", "id": "3b889857-396c-47a7-9fc6-57dfaf6a03c8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The organism most commonly causing genital filariasis in most parts of Bihar and Eastern U.P. is", "exp": "• Problem statement of Lymphatic filariasis: –\nGlobal: Affects 120 million people in 120 countries; 1.1 billion people live in areas with risk of infection.\nSEAR: 600 million live in endemic areas; 60 million infected.\nIndia: Lymphatic filariasis is a major public health problem in India with 553 million people at risk in 233 districts; heavily endemic in UP, Bihar, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Gujarat.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Brugia malayi", "opb": "Wuchereria bancrofti", "opc": "Brugia malayi", "opd": "Dirofilaria", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e39bbadb-f2a2-4aff-9a89-8e1cf73af8c1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Immunoglobulins found maximum in secretions", "exp": "(IgA): Ref: (100-Park 20th)IMMUNOGLOBULINSIgG:-* Major immunoglobulins of serum (85%)* IgG is transported across placenta (extra vascular)* Antibodies to gram positive pyogenic bacteria, antiviral and antitoxic antibodies are found exclusively among. IgGlobulinsIgM: -* It represents antibody that is promptly formed with exposure to antigen* Its presence may be indicative of recent infection* IgM antibody has high agglutinating and complement fixing abilityIgA: -* IgA is found relatively in large quantities in body secretions eg saliva, milk, colostrums, tears, bronchial secretions, nasal mucosa, prostatic fluid, vaginal secretions and mucous secretion of the small intestine* It provides the primary defence mechanism at the mucous membrane against local infectionIgE:-* IgE is concentrated in submucous tissues,", "cop": 3, "opa": "IgM", "opb": "IgG", "opc": "IgA", "opd": "IgD", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "1c95fa62-12c7-4902-a0d9-2cddeb4b47c8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A Female health worker has to teach women in Urban slum about ORS preparation. Best method will be", "exp": "Demonstration -Is a carefully planned presentation where idea is to show ' how to perform' a skill/procedure Two principles : 1. Seeing is believing 2. learning by doing", "cop": 3, "opa": "Lecture", "opb": "Flipcha", "opc": "Demonstration", "opd": "Workshop", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "HC Methods, D-P Communication", "id": "470f8c6c-20e6-4251-9931-79116a602ced", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Arrange the following stages of family cycle in chronological sequence", "exp": "A normal family cycle is conceived as having 6 phases: Phases of family cycle Events in charcterising Description Begining of Phase End of Phase I Formation Marriage Bih of 1st Child II Extension Bih of 1st child Bih of last child III Complete Extension Bih of last child 1st child leaves home IV Contraction 1st child leaves home Last child leaves home V Complete contraction Last child leaves home 1st spouse dies VI Dissolution 1st spouse dies Death of survivor (extinction) Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno: 720", "cop": 4, "opa": "Formation, Extension, Complete extension, Dissolution, Contraction, Complete contraction", "opb": "Formation, Extension, Contraction, Complete extension, Complete contraction, Dissolution", "opc": "Formation, Contraction, Complete contraction, Extension, Complete extension, Dissolution", "opd": "Formation, Extension, Complete extension, Contraction, Complete contraction, Dissolution", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Social science, Mental health & Genetics", "id": "4f4ede1b-a236-4d31-866a-100f236a93dd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most important strategy for control of malaria in endemic area", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Early treatment of case", "opb": "Chemoprophylexis", "opc": "Vector control", "opd": "Eliminaon of plasmodium", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b06d18a4-6c7a-4e66-b1fd-48b6a2af8047", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Oral iron pills or iron injections must be taken along with", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "High doses of Vitamin A", "opb": "High doses of Vitamin C", "opc": "High doses of Essential fatty acids", "opd": "High doses of Vitamin D", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6789b506-ffae-4506-8c7e-8663241eece5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most undesirable mineral in water is", "exp": "Iron in water leads to discolouration and failure of metal pipings. Zinc leads to an undesirable astringent taste and greasy film while boiling Copper stains laundry like Iron Chronic consumption of water with lead causes plumbism Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 25th edition, Page No. 780", "cop": 4, "opa": "Iron", "opb": "Copper", "opc": "Zinc", "opd": "Lead", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "6c68414d-2229-4e46-8fce-d7c5bd33089b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Infant mortality rate is", "exp": "o IMR is defined as the number of death of child of less than 1 years of age per 1000 live births. It is a rate.\nIMR", "cop": 3, "opa": "Death of infants per 1000 pregnent women", "opb": "Death of infants per 1000 births", "opc": "Death of infants per 1000 live births", "opd": "Death of infants per 1000 population", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "d08c38d3-a526-4148-9b7f-87a2b16748f3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "IY1MR vaccine is a type of", "exp": "(C) Live attenuated vaccine IMMUNIZING AGENTSLive vaccinesKilled vaccinesBacterialBCGTyphoid Typhoid oralCholera PlaguePertussis C.S. Meningitis PlagueViralOral PolioRabies Yellow fever MeaslesSalk (polio) RubellaInfluenza MumpsHepatitis B InfluenzaJapanese encephalitis Epi. typhusKFD Toxoids BacterialDiphtheria Tetanus", "cop": 3, "opa": "Killed vaccine", "opb": "Toxoid", "opc": "Live attenuated vaccine", "opd": "Immunoglobulin", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "54341352-a026-43ee-ac10-cac5babaf460", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Mean hemoglobin of a sample of 100 pregnant women was found to be 10 mg% with a standard error of 1.0 mg%. The standard error of the estimate would he", "exp": "0.1 Standard error of mean = Standard detion / lisample size = 1/ V100 = 1/10 = 0.1", "cop": 2, "opa": "0.01", "opb": "0.1", "opc": "1", "opd": "10", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "509da9f1-b7f8-45c2-8642-5e9b952ac602", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Normal curve", "exp": "Ref:Parks 23rd edition pg 849 Stadardised normal curve : Smooth, bell-shaped, perfectly symmetrical curve based on an infinitely large number of observations . Total area of the curve= 1 Mean= 0 Standard detion = 1 Mean, median and mode all coincide.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Distribution of data is symmetrical", "opb": "Mean > Mode", "opc": "Mode > Mean", "opd": "Median > Mean", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "42e19670-4b07-422f-b5d7-70b9a2dd9f57", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Marker for infectivity of serum in Hepatitis B is", "exp": "Markers of Hepatitis B infection (in order of appearance in serum) : HBsAg (Hepatitis B Surface antigen ): Also known as &;Australian antigen&; First antigen to appear in serum- &;first evidence of infection&; &;Epidemiological marker of Hepatitis B infectionHBcAg (Hepatitis B core antigen) Alone doesnot appear in serum HBeAg (Hepatitis B envelope antigen) Is secretory form of HBcAg Indicates active viral replication Is a marker of infectivity for Hepatitis B Persistence beyond 3 months: Increased likelihood of chronic Hepatitis B. AntiHBc (Antibody to Hepatitis B core antigen) First antibody to appear in serum IgM Anti-HBc indicates a diagnosis of acute Hepatitis B IgG Anti-HBc persists indefinitely Anti-HBe (Antobody to Hepatitis B envelope antigen) Signals &;stoppage of active viral replication Indicates end of period of infectivity Anti-HBs (Antibody to Hepatitis B surface antigen) Last antibody to appear in serum Signals &;recovery, end of period of communicability&; Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno: 235", "cop": 3, "opa": "HBsAg", "opb": "Anti-HBc", "opc": "HBeAg", "opd": "Anti Hbc", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "d4a43574-88c7-44a1-8dc5-d2f1b0b2ccf8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Highest amount of Vitamin D is present in", "exp": "Sources of Vitamin D Vitamin D is unique because it is derived both from sunlight and foods (a) Sunlight : Vitamin Dis synthesized by the body by the action of UV rays of sunlight on 7-dehydrocholesterol, which is stored in large abundance in the skin. Exposure to UV rays is critical; these can be filtered off by air pollution. Dark-skinned races such as Negros, also suffer from this disadvantage because black skin can filter off up to 95 per cent of UV rays. (b) Foods : Vitamin D occurs only in foods of animal origin. Liver, egg yolk, butter and cheese, and some species of fish contain useful amounts. Fish liver oils, although not considered to be a food, are the richest source of vitamin D. Human milk has been shown to contain considerable amounts of water-soluble vitamin D sulphate. Other sources of vitamin D are foods aificially foified with vitamin D, such as milk, margarine, vanaspati and infant foods. Dietary sources of vitamin D are as given in Table Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 653", "cop": 4, "opa": "Sunlight", "opb": "Shark liver oil", "opc": "Cod liver oil", "opd": "Halibut fish liver oil", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Maternal and child care", "id": "c8facaa4-2594-4947-9fac-4f4d07e42cd0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Biochemical oxygen demand is determined by", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' . Organic matter & Bacteria. \"The strength of sewage is expressed in terms ofBiochemical oxygen demandChemical oxygen demandsSuspended solids demand\"\"Biochemical Oxygen demand -It is the most important test done on sewage. It is defined as the amount of oxygen absorbed by a sample of sewage during a specified period, generally 5 days, at a specified temperature, generally 20 deg. G, for the aerobic destruction or use by organic matter and living organisms. BOD value ranges from about 1 mg per litre for natural waters to about 300 mg per litre for untreated domestic sewage. If the BOD is 300 mg/I and above, sewage is said to be strong ; if it is 100 mg/l, it is said to be weak.\"", "cop": 1, "opa": "Oranic matter and bacteria", "opb": "Oxygen content", "opc": "Alage content in water", "opd": "Agriculture fertiliser content in water.", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and Health", "id": "610bc09a-c6ea-438c-8b09-e1c47268b8ca", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most sensitive indicator of recent transmission of malaria of", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Infant parasite rate", "opb": "ABER", "opc": "Spleen rate", "opd": "Annual parasite index", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "a384314b-b9be-4b60-b209-77b57f443330", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Isolation in patient with Salmonellosis is done", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Till fever subsides", "opb": "Till 3 stool test are negative", "opc": "Till Widal becomes negative", "opd": "For 48 hrs of Chloramphenicol treatment", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "df753230-cb9b-4f67-8f85-b4c1d93464e0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Classical dengue fever is transmitted by", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Anopheles mosquito", "opb": "Aedes mosquito", "opc": "Mansonoides mosquito", "opd": "Culex mosquito", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b5fc64ad-7384-4f11-985c-35d07083ed26", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most heat sensitive vaccine is", "exp": "Most Thermolabile vaccine: Reconstituted BCG\nMost Thermostable vaccine: TT", "cop": 1, "opa": "Polio", "opb": "BCG", "opc": "Measles", "opd": "DPT", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "aaee5837-52f2-4fd8-b987-c0da06805ef6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Case control study estimates", "exp": "Case-control studies is basically a comparison study. Cases and control must be comparable with respect to known \"confounding factors \"such as age, sex occupation, social status etc. The questions asked relate to personal characteristics and antecedent exposures which may be responsible for the condition studied. Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 79", "cop": 1, "opa": "Only odd's ratio", "opb": "Odds ratio and attributable risk", "opc": "Relative risk, attributable risk, population attributable risk", "opd": "Incidence, Relative risk, and attributable risk", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "4d434288-38f2-48a7-80da-618f83d5956f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Bacteria is not shed in", "exp": "Ans. is 'b' i.e., Latent infection", "cop": 2, "opa": "Carrier state", "opb": "Latent infection", "opc": "Incubation period", "opd": "Subclinical infection", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "451d826f-d580-4326-9120-44308c8b2fa8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A family consists of 2 parents & 6 children susceptible to measles. There occurs a primary case of measles and 3 secondary cases within a short period of time. Secondary attack rate is", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "60%", "opb": "38%", "opc": "67%", "opd": "50%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "baadb81f-75e1-4d53-8e3e-d4e1314d9fe9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The population covered by an ASHA", "exp": "In NRHM Cadre of Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) is created ASHA must be a women resident of the village, preferably 25-45 years with formal education up to 8th standard 1 ASHA for 1000 population. In tribal, hilly and dese areas the norm could be relaxed to 1 ASHA per habitation.Park 23e pg: 449", "cop": 2, "opa": "500", "opb": "1000", "opc": "2000", "opd": "2500", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health care of community & international health", "id": "9a832759-0bf5-492b-a5e9-732b1fffd01d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Histogram is used to describe", "exp": "Histogram: - Is graphical presentation for 'continuous quantitative data' Continuous groups are marked on X-axis (abscissa) while frequencies are marked on y -axis (ordinate).", "cop": 1, "opa": "Quantitative data of a group of patients", "opb": "Qualitative data of a group of patients", "opc": "Data collected on nominal scale", "opd": "Data collected on ordinal scale", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Statistical Graphs, Correlation, Locations", "id": "5a6e4d53-b5e8-49e2-9406-de6a89024170", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "“Multibacillarv\" is a spectrum of disease, seen in", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Leprosy", "opb": "TB", "opc": "Tetanus", "opd": "Trachoma", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6983afca-b76a-47ce-ae86-6801d3079906", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Disability Limitation is pa of", "exp": "Disability limitation When a patient repos late in the pathogenesis phase, the mode of intervention is disability limitation. The objective of this intervention is to prevent or halt the transition of the disease process from impairment to handicap. The intervention in disability will often be social or environmental as well as medical. While impairment which is the earliest stage has a large medical component, disability and handicap which are later stages have large social and environmental components in terms of dependence and social cost. Disability prevention Another concept is \"disability prevention\". It relates to all the levels of prevention: (a) reducing the occurrence of impairment, viz. immunization against polio (primary prevention); (b) disability limitation by appropriate treatment (secondary prevention); and, (c) preventing the transition of disability into handicap (teiary prevention) The major causes of disabling impairments in the developing countries are communicable diseases, malnutrition, low quality of perinatal care and accidents. These are responsible for about 70 per cent of cases of disability in developing countries. Primary prevention is the most effective way of dealing with the disability problem in developing countries Ref: Park 24th Edition. Pg: 48", "cop": 4, "opa": "Primordial prevention", "opb": "Primary prevention", "opc": "Secondary prevention", "opd": "Teiary Prevention", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "11effcc2-3844-41b8-b255-db1cde1227e9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most important in diagnosing Acute Hepatitis B is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "IgG Anti-HBc", "opb": "Anti HBs", "opc": "IgM Anti-HBc", "opd": "HBsAg", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "2a1f7def-52f0-4cce-8886-825025aee58d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Resource person for Training ofASHA are", "exp": "Ans. is 'b i.e., AWW and ANM o Angan-Wadi Workers (AWW) and Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) act as resource persons far training of ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist).", "cop": 2, "opa": "AWW and MPW", "opb": "AWW and ANM", "opc": "MPW and ANM", "opd": "ANM and MO", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b1ed28c9-87c0-4759-942d-919cfd83f045", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Active search for disease in an apparently healthy individual is k/a", "exp": "Ans. is 'c' i.e. screening Screening is defined as 'the search for unrecognized disease or defect by means of rapidly applied tests, examination or other procedures in apparently healthy individuals.\"Other termsCase finding : is the use of clinical and/or laboratory tests to detect disease in individuals seeking health care for other reasons for example ELISA for HIV in pregnant women.Monitoring : is performing and analysing routine measurements to detect changes in the health status of population or changes in the environment for eg. monitoring of air pollution, water quality, growth and nutritional status etc.Sentinel surveillance : As no routine notification system can detect all cases of infection or disease, sentinel surveillance is a method to identify the missing cases.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Monitoring", "opb": "Case finding", "opc": "Screening", "opd": "Sentinel surveillance", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Screening for Disease", "id": "2f685937-8f5a-41c5-8e27-4989b700515e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In T.B/ a ‘case’ is”", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Cough", "opb": "Mantoux positive", "opc": "Sputum positive", "opd": "X-ray positive", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "47621d9e-75f4-4063-89af-689adf96ea46", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A 37 weeks pregnant woman attends an antenatal clinic at a Primary Health Centre. She has not had any antenatal care till now. The best approach regarding tetanus immunization in this case would be to", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Give a dose of Tetanus Toxoid (TT) and explain to her that it will not protect the new born and she should take the second dose after four weeks even if she delivers in the meantime", "opb": "Do not waste the TT vaccine as it would anyhow be of no use in this pregnancy", "opc": "Given one dose of TT and explain that it will not be useful for this pregnancy", "opd": "Give her anti-Tetanus Immunoglobulin along with the TT vaccine", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "0a83ea1b-5760-4e2a-a844-0892b3b0f3ca", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Multidrug resistance in TB is defined as resistance to", "exp": "Multidrug Resistant TB (MDR-TB): Resistance to Isoniazid and Rifampicin “with or without resistance to other drugs‘\n\nTreatment of MDR-TB must be done on the basis of sensitivity testing\nDirectly observed therapy certainly helps to improve outcomes and should be considered an integral part of the treatment of MDR-TB.\n\nExtensive Drug Resistant TB (XDR–TB): Resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid as well as to any member of the quinolone family and at least one of the following second-line TB.\nTB treatments: kanamycin, capreomycin, or amikacin.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Streptomycin, Rifampicin and Isoniazid", "opb": "Isoniazid and Rifampicin", "opc": "Streptomycin and Rifampicin", "opd": "Streptomycin and Isoniazid", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6554bb80-9eac-4a44-b8f3-f905fdcc6bc0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Statistical method of calculate death rate among two population with different age groups", "exp": "Ans. is 'b' i.e., Standardized death rate Standardization (or adjustment) of rates is used to unable the valid comparison of groups that differ regarding an impoant health determinant (most commonly age). For example, if we want to compare the death rates of two different populations with different age composition, the crude death rate is not right yardstick because rates are only comparable if the populations upon which they are based are comparable. To remove this confounding effect of different age structure, adjustment or standardization is done. Two major approaches to standardization have been used :? Direct standardization Indirect standardization", "cop": 2, "opa": "Crude death rate", "opb": "Standardized death rate", "opc": "Case fatality rate", "opd": "Age specific death rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b1bec34a-7689-4b4f-896b-53a97dfdcca3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "An investigator finds out that 5 independent factors influence the occurrence of a disease. Comparison of multiple factors that are responsible for the disease can be assessed by", "exp": "• ANOVA: Analysis of Variance is a parametric test used for polyotomous independent variable\n• Chi-square test: Is non-parametric test used for testing association between 2 or more qualitative variables\n• Multiple linear regression: Is used if the target variables are dimensional having multiple possible values (e.g. blood pressure, serum cholesterol, body temperature)\n• Multiple logistic regression: Is used if the target variables are binary having only two possible values (e.g. hypertension, smoking, geriatric age group)", "cop": 1, "opa": "Multiple logistic regression", "opb": "Multiple linear regression", "opc": "Chi-square test", "opd": "ANOVA", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c34a2a68-2520-46c6-aa7d-8fe1de5649f8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Konkan integrated development project is developed by", "exp": "CARE (Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere) is helping in following projects: Integrated nutrition and health project; Better health and nutrition project; Anaemia control project; Improving women&;s health project; Improved Healthcare for Adolescent Girls project; Child survival project; Improving women's reproductive health and family spacing project; Konkan Integrated Development project ..etcPark 23e pg: 924", "cop": 1, "opa": "CARE", "opb": "DANIDA", "opc": "Rockefeller foundation", "opd": "Ford foundation", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health care of community & international health", "id": "bb6b91eb-237f-4e61-adc1-22a093b6499b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Highest amount of vit. C is found in", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Orange", "opb": "Lemon", "opc": "Grapes", "opd": "Indian goose berry", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b3cb52f7-7f52-4370-ba9b-1ad894e641a7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Society is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Systems of relations between individuals", "opb": "Inter-relation between person and society", "opc": "A group of people with geographical boundaries", "opd": "Study of laws", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "27ce4b90-41fc-4528-bd1c-fff2fcd9e8c5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most sensitive test for sanguinarine is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Paper chromatography", "opb": "FeC13", "opc": "HCl", "opd": "Nitric Acid", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "f46bf997-ae2c-47fa-a37f-a3946926133e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The micronutrient, helping to increase the absorption of iron from the diet", "exp": "Dietary composition affects the biologic availability and use of nutrients. For example, the absorption of iron may be impaired by large amounts of calcium or lead; likewise, non-heme iron uptake may be impaired by a lack of ascorbic acid and amino acids in the meal.Ref: Harrison&;s Principles of Internal Medicine; 19th edition; Chapter 95e; Nutrient Requirements and Dietary Assessment", "cop": 2, "opa": "Folic acid", "opb": "Ascorbic acid", "opc": "Nicotinic acid", "opd": "Pantothenic acid", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "5c9af250-5072-4ec1-bed5-72b27b9486b2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Diabetes mellitus is best diagnosed by", "exp": "The WHO recommendations for the diagnostic criteria for diabetes:Fasting plasma glucose: >/= 126mg/dlor2-hour plasma glucose: > 200mg/dlRef: Park; 23rd ed; Pg 395", "cop": 2, "opa": "Fasting blood sugar > 100mg/dl and post prandial blood sugar > 140mg/dl", "opb": "Fasting blood sugar > 126mg/dl and post prandial blood sugar > 199mg/dl", "opc": "HbA1C = 5.5%", "opd": "Fasting blood sugar > 70mg/dl", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Non communicable diseases", "id": "42e5ad00-e6a4-4d87-ac65-6873230bfb10", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "MDR defined as", "exp": "(INH & Rifampicin): (180-Park 22nd/ edition; K. Park 20th/ed p-173. K. Park21st/ed p 178-79, New RNTCP Module, www.tbcindia.org)WHO defines a multi drug resistant (MDR) strain as one that is at least resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin, with or without resistant to other anti TB drugsMultidrug Resistant TB - is defined by WHO as tuberculosis disease where the bacilli is resistant to Isonaiazid (H) and Rifampicin (R). with or without resistance to other drugs- Most common cause - Irregular consumption & frequent interruption in antitubercular treatment- In India 2-3% in new cases and 14%-17% in re-treatment cases - Estimated 99,000 cases every year- Prevention of MDR-TB is given priority under RNTCP rather than its treatmentManagement of MDR-TB is preferably undertaken at DOTS Plus site with experience, expertise and availability of required diagnostic and treatment facilities.Criteria for Identification of MDR-TB suspects:- A new smear positive patient remaining smear positive at the end of fifth month- A new smear negative patient becoming smear positive at the end of fifth month- A patient treated with regimen for previously treated remaining positive at fourth month- Smear positive contacts of an established / confirmed MDR-TB caseDiagnosis - Culture & drug susceptibility testing from a quality- assured laboratoryMDR - TB treatment regimen* Intensive Phase - 6-9 months, Comprises of 6 drugs (Kanamycin ), Levofloxacin (Ivx) Ethionamide , Pyrazinamide , Ethambutol and Cycloserine .* Continuation Phase - 18 months. Comprises of 4 drugs (Ivx, Eto, E and Cs) p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) is a substitute drug if any of the bactericidal drug (Kanamycin / Ethonamide) is not tolerated.* Dosages of the drugs are based upon three weight bands * II patients receive drugs under direct observation on 6 days of the week. On the 7th day (Sunday), the oral drugs will be administered unsupervised and kanamycin will be omitted* If intolerance occurs to the drugs, ethionamide, cycloserine and PAS may be split into two dosages and the morning dose administered under DOT. The evening dose self - administered* The empty blister packs of the self -administered doses will be checked the next morning during DOT* 100 mg of pyridoxine is administered to all patients on the RNTCP MDR-TB treatment regimen.* If a patient gains at least 5 kg weight during treatment & crosses the weight- bands range, DOTS - plus site committee may consider moving the patient to higher weight-band drug dosages, whenever the patient is due for next 3-monthly supply of drugs in normal course of treatment .Follow-up schedule - Smear examination should be done monthly during IP and at least quarterly during CP.Culture examination should be done at least at 4, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of treatmentExtensively Drug Resistant TB (XDR-TB)Q - is a subset of MDR- TB* TB bacilli, in addition to being resistant to R and H, are also resistant to fluoroquinolones and any one of the 2nd line injectable drugs (namely Kanamycin, Capreomycin, or Amikacin).* XDR-TB has been reported in India", "cop": 2, "opa": "INH only", "opb": "INH & Rifampicin", "opc": "More than two drugs", "opd": "INH, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol.", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable Diseases", "id": "17ee48a5-5444-4586-b12a-fc2c547d5545", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Mother friendly bih initiative was launched in", "exp": "Baby friendly hospitals initiatives It was launched in USA by combined effos of WHO & UNICEF Since 1993 WHO's effos to improve infant and young child nutrition have focused on promoting breast feeding. It has been calculated that breast feeding could prevent deaths of at least one million children a year. A new \"baby-friendly hospital initiative\" (BFHI), created and promoted by WHO and UNICEF, has proved highly successful in encouraging proper infant feeding practices, staing at bih. BFHI is suppoed by the major professional medical and nursing bodies in India. The global BFHI has listed ten steps which the hospital must fulfil. This includes: (1) Have a written breast-feeding policy that is routinely communicated to all health care staff; (2) Train all health care staff in skills necessary to implement this policy; (3) Inform all pregnant women about the benefits and management of breast- feeding; (4) Help mothers initiate breast-feeding within one half-hour of bih; (5) Show mother, how to breast-feed and maintain lactation, even if they should be separated from their infants; (6) Give newborn infants no food or drink other than breast milk, not even sips of water, unless medically indicated; (7) Practice rooming-in that is, allow mothers and infants to remain together 24 hours a day; (8) Encourage breast-feeding on demand; (9) Give no aificial teats or pacifiers (also called dummies or soothers) to breast-feeding infants; and (10) Foster the establishment of breast-feeding suppo groups and refer mothers to them on discharge from the hospital or clinic. The \"Baby friendly\" hospitals in India are also expected to adopt and practice guidelines on other interventions critical for child survival including antenatal care, clean delivery practices, essential newborn care, immunization and O Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 568", "cop": 4, "opa": "India", "opb": "England", "opc": "Australia", "opd": "USA", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Maternal and child care", "id": "746e48e1-07fa-40b1-9d66-6674236bfdbc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "During a disaster, rapidly classifying the injured on the basis of likelihood of their survival with prompt medical intervention, is a part of", "exp": "Triage:\nConsists of rapidly classifying the injured ‘on the basis of severity of their injuries and likelihood of their survival’ with prompt medical intervention.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Search, rescue and first aid", "opb": "Tagging", "opc": "Triage", "opd": "Disaster mitigation", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "853889e2-7480-4823-b479-b102081b2e7d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Maximum working hours duration including overtime for a person working in a factory as per the factories act 1948 is", "exp": "Factories Act* The act prohibits employment of children below the age of 14 years and declares that age between 15 to 18 as adolescents.* Adolescents should be duly certified by the Certifying surgeons.* Adolescent s employees are allowed to work only between 6 AM and 7 PM.* Prescribes a maximum of 48 hours per week not exceeding 9 hours per day with 1/2 hr rest after 5 hours of continuous work.* The total number of hours of work in a week including overtime shall not exceed 60 hrs.", "cop": 2, "opa": "48 hours", "opb": "60 hours", "opc": "72 hours", "opd": "80 hours", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Hospital waste, disaster management and occupational health", "id": "b65d3ebf-dc11-42ac-a762-3be67941c42d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "PE and critical path methods are employed in", "exp": "PE and CPM are pa of network analysis, a management technique.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Community education", "opb": "Health planning", "opc": "Management", "opd": "Health survey", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health education & planning", "id": "24f8d2f9-2afb-4309-81d9-21bca5f910cc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Holding time for Hot air oven with temperature of 1800C", "exp": ".", "cop": 2, "opa": "15 min", "opb": "30 min", "opc": "60 min", "opd": "120 min", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "b0ad169d-f946-4ab3-9943-0c5718258a91", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Black color in triage", "exp": "Triage\n\nWhen the quantity and severity of injuries overwhelm the operative capacity of health facilities, a different approach to medical treatment must be adopted.\nThe usual principle of first come, first treated”, is not followed in mass emergencies.\nTriage consists of rapidly classifying the injured and the likelyhood of their survival with prompt medical intervention.\n\n3 Higher priority is granted to victims whose immediate or long-term prognosis can be dramatically affected by simple intensive care.\n\nMoribund patients who require a great deal of attention, with questionable benefit have the lowest priority.\nThe most common triage classification system used international is four colour code system.\n\n\nRed → High priority treatment or transfer\nYellow → Medium priority\nGreen → Ambulatory patients 4. Black → Dead or moribund patients", "cop": 1, "opa": "Death", "opb": "Transfer", "opc": "High priority'", "opd": "Low' priority'", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "fdc8c533-e9ec-4fa2-b2a9-33eada055759", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The ‘acceptable’ noise level is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "85 dB", "opb": "90 dB", "opc": "95 dB", "opd": "100 dB", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "632b5e2d-c1f5-4618-9b47-7023a5487b9e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "BCG is given", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Intramuscular", "opb": "Subcutaneous", "opc": "Intradermal", "opd": "Intravenous", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6877e88a-bb95-4eb5-aaa3-3acebcd303d0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Vaccine contraindicated during Pregnancy is", "exp": "- All live vaccines (except Yellow fever vaccine) are contraindicated in pregnancy. - Pregnancy is a immunocompromised state. Hence, CI for live attenuated vaccines, unless the risk of infection exceeds risk of harm to fetus. Classification of vaccines: Live vaccines BCG, OPV, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Yellow fever vaccine, Varicella, Typhoral, JE live vaccine, H1N1 live, Rotaviral vaccine Killed vaccines Peussis , Rabies vaccine, IPV, Hep-A vaccine, Meningococcal vaccine, KFD, JE killed vaccine , H1N1 killed vaccine Toxoids Diphtheria, Tetanus Proteinaceous vaccines Acellular peussis, Anthrax Polysaccharide vaccines Typhim-vi, Pneumococcal vaccine, Meningococcal vaccine, Hib Glycoconjugate vaccines Pneumococcal vaccine, Meningococcal vaccine, Hib Combination vaccines MMR, MR, DPT, Pentavalent Recombinant vaccines Hepatitis -B , HPV", "cop": 4, "opa": "Hepatitis A", "opb": "Hepatitis B", "opc": "Rabies", "opd": "Varicella", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Contraindications, AEFIs", "id": "a1b46762-a2c7-4c0f-a8d5-228ad3dc3e37", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Raltegravir belongs to", "exp": "More than 25 antiretrovirals (ARV) drugs in six mechanistic classes are Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for treatment of HIV infection. These six classes include the nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), a fusion inhibitor (FI), a CCR5 antagonist, and integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs). In addition, two drugs, ritonavir (V or r) and cobicistat (COBI or c) are used solely as pharmacokinetic (PK) enhancers (or boosters) to improve the pharmacokinetic profiles of some ARV drugs (e.g., PIs and the INSTI elvitegravir ).Dolutegravir , Elvitegravir , Raltegravir are integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs).", "cop": 3, "opa": "NIs", "opb": "NNIs", "opc": "INSTIs", "opd": "CCR5 antagonist", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "b29296ad-5200-437c-a1c8-515bc21395f8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Home delivery of contraception is carried out by", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Anganawadi worker", "opb": "Male health worker", "opc": "ASHA worker", "opd": "Female health worker", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "56cf7fab-5a30-45b8-b39b-69f7ea268370", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "First in sequence", "exp": "Ans. b (Disease). (Ref. Park, PSM, 17th ed., 36)Concept of health and diseaseThe sequence of events leading to disability and handicap is: Disease -impairment -disability -handicap-rehabilitation.WHO definitions:ImpairmentAny loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure of function.DisabilityAny restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in manner or within range considered normal for human.HandicapA disadvantage for a given individual resulting from an impairment or disability that limits or prevents fulfillment of role that is normal for that individual.RehabilitationIt is intervention at the level of psychological, vocational and medical.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Impairment", "opb": "Disease", "opc": "Disability", "opd": "Rehabilitation", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of Health and Disease", "id": "3de2e343-9a0d-48c3-bb53-680afb3631d6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Ideal cholesterol level should be below", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "300", "opb": "220", "opc": "200", "opd": "350", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b27822bd-7419-4b0f-9026-39a4c7e51f56", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Post exposure prophylaxis schedule of rabies vaccine in a previously immunized person", "exp": "Ans. (c) Day 0, 3, 7Ref: K. Park 23rd ed. / 279-80Schedule of Prophylaxis Rabies vaccineTypes of prophylaxisSchedulePre-exposureDay 0, 7, 28Post- exposureDay 0, 3, 7,14, 28, 90Post- exposure in vaccinatedDay 0, 3, 7", "cop": 3, "opa": "Day 0,3, 7, 14,21,90", "opb": "Day 0,3, 7, 14,28,90", "opc": "Day 0, 3, 7", "opd": "day 0, 7, 28", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Principles of Immunization and Vaccination", "id": "1957d96b-d883-487e-b08d-fd6f8380442b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "LD (50) (30) is the radiation required to", "exp": "Ans) a (Kill 50% of the ...30days) Ref park 20th edThe median lethal dose, LD50 (abbreviation for \"Lethal Dose, 50%\"), LC50 (Lethal Concentration, 50%) or LCt.50 (Lethal Concentration & Time) of a toxic substance or radiation is the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population. LD50 figures are frequently used as a general indicator of a substance's acute toxicity.The related quantities LD50/30 or an LD50/60 are used to refer to a dose that without treatment will be lethal to 50% of the population wiihin (respectively) 30 or 60 days. These measures are used more commonly withinRadiation Health Physics, as survival beyond 60 days usually results in recovery.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Kill 50% of the animals in 30 days", "opb": "Kill 30% of the ani? .5s in 50 days", "opc": "Kill 50% of the animals in 50 days", "opd": "Kill 30% of the animals in 30 days", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and Health", "id": "a216df72-093a-4dc1-874a-05a2e00dde00", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Relationship between the disease and social conditions", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Political science", "opb": "Social Psychalogy", "opc": "Social Pathology", "opd": "Social Sciences", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b0a2ee6f-a113-4c92-a771-c4b7a347c477", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Janani shishu suraksha karyakram includes", "exp": "JANANI SHISHU SURAKSHA KARYAKRAM The government of India launched this programme on 1st June 2011. The National initiative for better facilities for mother and child. Major initiatives:- All pregnant women delivering in public health institutions to have absolutely free and no expense delivery including caesarean section. The entitlements include free drugs and consumables, free diet upto 3 days during normal delivery and 7 days for caesarean section, free diagnostics, free blood, free transpo from home to the institution. Similar entitlements have been put in place for all sick newborns assessing public health institutions for treatment till 30 days after bih. The scheme has now been extended to cover complications during ANC, PNC and also sick infants. The scheme motivates institutional deliveries. Reference-park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no.456", "cop": 4, "opa": "Free treatment to newborn till 45 days of delivery", "opb": "Free treatment to newborn till 40 days of delivery", "opc": "Free food to mother and child", "opd": "Free delivery in hospital", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health programmes in India", "id": "dbe2fc6a-8614-4198-a0e3-74c3c881fec8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Power of study can be increased by", "exp": "Power of a Test:\n– Is probability of rejecting a Null hypothesis when a predetermined clinically significant difference is indeed\npresent\n– Measures the ability to demonstrate an association, when one really exists\n– Power of a statistical test: 1 – b ( 1 – probability of Type II error)\n– Power of a statistical test is complimentary to b (probability of Type II error)\n– Power of a statistical test is a numeric representation of: Sensitivity\n– Power of a statistical test can be increased by:\n1. Increasing the no. of subjects in a trial (sample size)\n2. Reducing b (probability of Type II error)\n3. Increasing sensitivity\n– Power of a statistical test is also used for calculation of sample size for a study", "cop": 4, "opa": "Increasing a error", "opb": "Increasing b error", "opc": "Decreasing a error", "opd": "Decreasing b error", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "7b145468-6ba4-4013-b948-624fada92f12", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Diagnosis of Filariasis is confirmed most commonly done by", "exp": "Standard/definitive method for diagnosing active Filariasis infection is the identification of microfilariae in a blood smear by microscopic examination. Microfilariae that cause Lymphatic Filariasis circulate in the blood at night (Nocturnal periodicity) Blood collection (20 cu.mm) should be done at night to coincide with the appearance of the microfilariae, and a thick smear should be made and stained with Giemsa or haemayoxylin and eosin For increased sensitivity, concentration techniques can be used Serological techniques provide an alternative to microscopic detection of microfilariae for the diagnosis of Lymphatic Filariasis Patients with active filarial infection typically have elevated levels of antifilarial IgG4 in the blood and these can be detected using routine assays Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 298", "cop": 2, "opa": "Clinical features", "opb": "Detection of microfilariae", "opc": "PCR", "opd": "Serological test", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "fb5c34f6-7409-407a-8250-5855048148c6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Prophylaxis for anthrax", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Erythromycin", "opb": "Doxycycline", "opc": "Penicillin", "opd": "Vancomycin", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6c7dedda-1014-48e9-87b2-7c1f8bc80807", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The best measure of burden of disease in a defined population is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "DALY - Disability Adjusted Life Years", "opb": "QALY - Quality Adjusted Life Years", "opc": "HATE - Health Adjusted Life Expectancy", "opd": "DFLE - Disability Free Life Expectancy", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "71efe3e4-b84f-4d57-bef9-41912313e619", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "2 snake bite cases found in Bihar, it is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Epidemic", "opb": "Pandemic", "opc": "Sporadic", "opd": "Endemic", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "86e0041b-c512-492b-a00a-eab6a72c9bb7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Communicability of disease is assessed by", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Secondary attack rate", "opb": "Generation time", "opc": "Serial interval", "opd": "Incubation period", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6ab8d1af-6d24-4ea6-af28-b8de1f400a3d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Natural history of a disease is studied with", "exp": "Longitudinal studies are in which observations are repeated in the same population over a prolonged period of time by means of follow-up examination. They are useful in1) to study the natural history of the disease and its future outcome2) for identifying risk factors for disease3) For finding out incidence rate or rate of occurrence of new cases of a disease in the community.Park 23e pg: 70", "cop": 1, "opa": "Longitudinal studies", "opb": "Cross sectional studies", "opc": "Randomized control trials", "opd": "Randomized sampling", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "b6761f3f-7a30-4e11-82f5-b228bb9ff0d7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Communicability is best measured by", "exp": "SAR is defined as the number of exposed persons developing the disease within the range of the incubation period, following exposure to the primary case. Hence it shows the communicability.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Serial Interval", "opb": "Secondary attack rate", "opc": "Case fatality rate", "opd": "Generation time", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "0b34f7a1-8c3b-4306-a07b-b3915d7681e1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Concentration of diethylcarbomazine in DEC medicated salt in endemic filariasis is", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.e., 2-4 gm/kg o The use of DEC-medicated salt is a special form of mass treatment using very low doses of drug over a long period of time. o Common salt medicated with 1-4g of DEC per kg has been used for filariasis control in endemic areas of W. bancrofti and B malayi, paicularly in Lakshadweep islands. o Treatment should be continued for at least 6-9 months.", "cop": 1, "opa": "2-4 gm/kg", "opb": "3-6 gm/kg", "opc": "5- 1 0 gm/kg", "opd": "10- 15 gm/kg", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "40f3c0a5-fec8-4ba0-be41-8229cb9a3c5f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most reliable test for the screening of diabetes mellitus among the following is", "exp": "The measurement of glucose levels in random blood samples is considered unsatisfactory for epidemiological useThe fasting value alone is considered less reliable since true fasting cannot be assured and spurious diagnosis of diabetes may readily occur.For epidemiological purposes, the 2-hour value after 75gm oral glucose may be used either alone or with the fasting value.Park 23re pg: 395", "cop": 3, "opa": "Random blood sugar", "opb": "Fasting blood sugar", "opc": "Glucose tolerance test", "opd": "Urine sugar", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Non communicable diseases", "id": "4a982e40-efa4-4bde-888d-6cb874056af3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Epidemiology of cholera in England was clasified by", "exp": "An english epidemiologist John Snow studied the epidemiology of cholera in London from 1848 to 1854. Ref : Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition", "cop": 1, "opa": "John Snow", "opb": "Winslow", "opc": "Chadwick", "opd": "Howard huges", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "7d86e77a-4877-4a8d-82d5-cca119c8e737", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Disease not included under International surveillance", "exp": "Disease under international surveillance\n\nRabies\nMalaria\nRelapsing fever\nHuman Influenza\nSalmonellosis\nTyphus fever (Louse borne)\nPoliomyelitis", "cop": 1, "opa": "Yellow fever", "opb": "Poliomyelitis", "opc": "Malaria", "opd": "Relapsing fever", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "12587d05-7d72-4b2a-8a64-0e68da240af6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Frequently occurring value in a series is known as", "exp": "Ans. (d) ModeRef : K. Park 23rd ed. / 847-88THE MODE* The mode is the commonly occurring value in a distribution of data. It is the most frequent item or the most fashiionable\" value in a series of observations. For example, the diastolic blood pressure of 20 individuals was:85, 75 79, 71, 95, 75, 75, 77, 75, 9071, 75, 79, 95, 75, 77, 84, 75, 81, 75* The mode or the most frequently occurring value is 75.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Average", "opb": "Median", "opc": "Mean", "opd": "Mode", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Measures of Central Tendency and Distribution", "id": "7fc84625-370f-4d36-9d37-403d32c10e25", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Rubella is caused by", "exp": "Family Togaviridae includes Genus Alphavirus --> Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE) , Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) , Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE) and Chikungunya fever (CGF) Genus Rubivirus --> Rubella Rubella: Aka German measles. I.P - 14-21 days Source : cases Mode of transmission : Respiratory / air droplets Period of communicability: 1 week before symptoms & 1 week after rash. Vaccine: Live attenuated; RA 27/3 strain", "cop": 3, "opa": "Ohomyxovirus", "opb": "Paramyxovirus", "opc": "Toga virus", "opd": "Arbovirus group B", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "NEET 2019", "id": "679de40e-f99a-4754-977c-709e449f77af", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "IT Based TB monitoring", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "e DOTS", "opb": "Nischay", "opc": "Nikshay", "opd": "Ujjwala", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "f271b3a0-b09f-412d-a9c3-aac5a999e57e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The breeding ground for the vectors of Japanese", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Paddy field", "opb": "Mixed garbage", "opc": "Cooler water", "opd": "Stale food", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "28f792a1-d684-487b-b281-2099d40fc118", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In endemic area, most sensitive indicator of recent transmission of malaria is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Infant parasite site", "opb": "Spleen rate", "opc": "ABER", "opd": "API", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "8b3c37b7-94ae-4724-b55c-fefa18abf45b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Employee's contribution to Employee State Insurance", "exp": "According to ESI Act amendment 2019", "cop": 4, "opa": "3.75", "opb": "3.5", "opc": "2.75", "opd": "0.75", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Hospital waste and disaster management, Occupational health", "id": "9f61049c-a964-4bab-bc7b-b263b92575d1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "ICD 10", "exp": "ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) Medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO); Revised every 10years Consists of 21chapters The ICD-10 consists of: Tabular lists containing cause-of-death titles and codes (Volume 1) Inclusion and exclusion terms for cause-of-death titles (Volume 1) Description, guidelines, and coding rules (Volume 2) and An alphabetical index to diseases and nature of injury, external causes of injury, table of drugs and chemicals (Volume 3) Ref : Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine; 23rd edition", "cop": 3, "opa": "Revised every 5 years", "opb": "Consists of 10 chaptors", "opc": "Arranged in 3 volumes", "opd": "Produced by UNICEF", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "2f67e365-82f7-43fc-9f39-794048f1fd3a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Amniocentesis in early pregnancy for genetic disorders is a kind of", "exp": "As it is a diagnostic test, it comes under secondary prevention. It is a diagnostic test done in the 2nd trimester (only after completion of 12wks). it can detect many abnormalities like Down's, Neural tube defects Ref : Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition - Pgno. 578", "cop": 3, "opa": "Primordial prevention", "opb": "Primary prevention", "opc": "Secondary prevention", "opd": "Teiary prevention", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "b8cb603a-476b-42d2-b7cc-f5dd44d04f5e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Sullivan&;s index is indicator of", "exp": "SULLIVAN&;S INDEX also known as Disability Free Life Expectancy (DFLE) is a method to compute life expectancy free of disability. *It is calculated by formula:L Lifeexpectancy {\\displaystyle -} duration of disability . Health expectancy calculated by Sullivan's method is the number of remaining years, at a paicular age, that an individual can expect to live in a healthy state. It is computed by subtracting the probable duration of bed disability and inability to perform major activities from the life expectancy. The data for calculation is obtained from population surveys and period life table. The Sullivan&;s index collects moality and disability data separately, and this data is almost often readily available. The Sullivan health expectancy reflects the current health of a real population adjusted for moality levels and independent of age structure. Ref: 25th edition Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 26", "cop": 4, "opa": "Burden of disease", "opb": "Literacy rate", "opc": "Moality rate", "opd": "Disability rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "4885b419-8f09-4ca7-9b61-b2c30e613ad4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Didactic method of communication is", "exp": "One-way communication is also known as a didactic method.Ex: Lecture in classroomsDrawbacks are: Knowledge is imposed, learning is authoritative, Little audience paicipation, no feedback, does not influence human behaviour.Two-way communication is called a Socratic method.Park 23e pg: 855", "cop": 2, "opa": "Two way communication", "opb": "One way communication", "opc": "Knowledge is not imposed", "opd": "Influence human behavior", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health education & planning", "id": "a488da9a-b6e6-426c-b07f-c8d149b457fd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Maternal Mortality Rate is calculated by", "exp": "Maternal Mortality rate (MMR): Maternal deaths expressed as per 100,000 live births, where a ‘maternal death’ is defined as ‘death of a woman while pregnant or during delivery or within 42 days (6 weeks) of termination of pregnancy,\nirrespective of duration or site of pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes.’\nMaternal deaths expressed as per 100,000 live births (earlier it was expressed per 1000 live births but that yielded fractions like 4.08 maternal deaths per 1000 LB; so denominator was extrapolated to 100,000 to make MMR value more sensible.)", "cop": 1, "opa": "Maternal deaths/live birth", "opb": "Maternal deaths/1000 live births", "opc": "Maternal deaths/100000 live births", "opd": "Maternal deaths/100000 population", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "47157e11-eca6-4c56-889d-081659cd04f5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Pellagra", "exp": "• RDA is often higher than the recommended minimum requirement: RDA includes both daily requirement and some additional requirement for periods of growth or illness.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Is due to pyridoxine deficiency", "opb": "Occurs with diet chiefly on maize", "opc": "Night blindness is a presenting feature", "opd": "Causes high output cardiac failure", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "838b3d39-2878-42f8-a2bb-d018a5bc2b7e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Fat content is highest in", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.e., Beef", "cop": 1, "opa": "Beef", "opb": "Mutton", "opc": "Chicken", "opd": "Fish", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "7fae3796-b35f-4dd2-a0ae-1c75cb8f6555", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "During post disaster period most commonly reported disease is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Acute respiratory infections", "opb": "Tetanus", "opc": "Gastroenteritis", "opd": "Urinary tract infection", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e7b00ed7-cf11-41e7-90d6-8f14389da9bc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "ORS should be discarded", "exp": "After 24 hours", "cop": 3, "opa": "After 6 hours 13.", "opb": "After 12 hours", "opc": "After 24 hours", "opd": "After 36 hours", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "9b47b6d9-d8fc-475e-b6c2-a013a65d9d6b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "JNC 8 guidelines related to", "exp": "The Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8) recently released evidence-based recommendations on treatment thresholds, goals, and medications in the management of hypeension in adults.In the general population of adults 60 years and older, pharmacologic treatment should be initiated when the systolic pressure is 150 mm Hg or higher, or when the diastolic pressure is 90 mm Hg or higher. Patients should be treated to a target systolic pressure of less than 150 mm Hg and a target diastolic pressure of less than 90 mm Hg.In the general population younger than 60 years, pharmacologic treatment should be initiated when the systolic pressure is 140 mm Hg or higher, or when the diastolic pressure is 90 mm Hg or higher. The target systolic pressure in this population is less than 140 mm Hg, and the target diastolic pressure is less than 90 mm Hg.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Diabetes", "opb": "Stroke", "opc": "Hypeension", "opd": "Angina", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Non communicable diseases", "id": "78474af0-0080-4842-a3f7-ea37f4a7abe3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Headquaers of FAO is located in", "exp": "Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) established in October 1945 with the objective of eliminating hunger and improving nutrition and standards of living by increasing agricultural productivity. The FAO coordinates the effos of governments and technical agencies in programs for developing agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and land and water resources. Headquaered in Rome, Italy, the FAO maintains offices throughout the world. The organization, which has more than 180 members, is governed by the biennial FAO conference, in which each member country, as well as the European Union, is represented. The conference elects a 49-member Council. Ref: 25th edition Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 986", "cop": 2, "opa": "New York", "opb": "Rome", "opc": "Geneva", "opd": "New Delhi", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "cf96c892-a6fe-45be-a303-c92b6ec03312", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In interview, first stage is to", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Establish contact", "opb": "Starting interview", "opc": "Establishing rapport", "opd": "Probe questions", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "949513bf-02b8-44b4-91c7-fc49304827c8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not a component of DOTS", "exp": "Components of DOTS\n\nAccountability\nPolitical commitment\nUninterrupted drug supply\nGood quality sputum microscopy\nDirectly observed treatment.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Accountability", "opb": "Political commitment", "opc": "Uninterrupted drug supply", "opd": "Medicines given for 30 days", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "f05d81e5-2a93-4b24-acb7-c97bd55c0640", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Normal voice heard from 1 meter, intensity of sound reaching ear is", "exp": "Ans. is 'c' i.e. 60dB Intensity is the strength of sound which determines its loudness. It is usually measured in deeibeis (dB). o Following are intensities when a person is at a distance of one meter from sound source. Whisper 30dB Normal conversation 60dB Shout 90 dB Discomfo of ear 120dB Fain in ear 130 dB", "cop": 3, "opa": "20 dB", "opb": "40 dB", "opc": "60 dB", "opd": "80 dB", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e3d8e380-cc66-4ff0-a6fa-6b01a3311d1f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "PUFA consumption is associated with", "exp": "Ans. is 'b' i.e. lowering of serum cholesterol, lowering of LDL cholesterol \"Diets rich in essential fatty acids have been reported to reduce serum cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins\" - ParkEssential fatty are those fatty acids which cannot be synthesized by human body. They are essential because they can be derived only from food. These are 3 PUFALinoleic acidLinolenic acidArachidonic acid", "cop": 2, "opa": "Lowering of serum cholesterol, rise in LDL cholesterol", "opb": "Lowering of serum cholesterol, lowering of LDL cholesterol", "opc": "Rise in serum cholesterol, rise in LDL cholesterol", "opd": "Rise in serum cholesterol, lowering of LDL cholesterol", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and Health", "id": "5165858f-0915-459a-8956-cee399794532", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Multifactorial causation of disease theory was proposed by", "exp": "Traits and conditions that are caused by more than one gene occurring together are multifactorial, and diseases that are caused by more than one factor interacting (for example, heredity and diet in diabetes) are multifactorial. Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 40", "cop": 2, "opa": "Louis Pasteur", "opb": "Pettenkofer", "opc": "Robe Koch", "opd": "Aristotle", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "6b342cec-65ae-41ac-9d3f-6a6f651bcf02", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In X and Y the coefficient correlation is 'r' find out coefficient correlation in 4x&4y", "exp": "(r): (795 Park 22nd/edition)Correlation coefficient may refer to:* Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, also known as r, R, or Pearson's r, a measure of the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables that is defined as the (sample) covariance of the variables divided by the product of their (sample) standard deviations.* Intraclass correlation, a descriptive statistic that can be used when quantitative measurements are made on units that are organized into groups; describes how strongly units in the same group resemble each other.* Rank correlation, the study of relationships between rankings of different variables or different rankings of the same variable* Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, a measure of how well the relationship between two variables can be described by a monotonic function* Kendall tau rank correlation coefficient, a measure of the portion of ranks that match between two data sets.* Goodman and Kruskal's gamma, a measure of the strength of association of the cross tabulated data when both variables are measured at the ordinal level.In statistics, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (sometimes referred to as the PPMCC or PCC, or Pearson's r) is a measure of the linear correlation (dependence) between two variables X and Y, giving a value between +1 and -1 inclusive, where 1 is total positive correlation, 0 is no correlation, and -1 is negative correlation. It is widely used in the sciences as a measure of the degree of linear dependence between two variables. It was developed by Karl Pearson from a related idea introduced by FrancisGalton in the 1880s The correlation coefficient ranges from -1 to 1. A value of 1 implies that a linear equation describes the relationship between X and Y perfectly, with all data points lying on a line for which Tincreases as X increases. A value of-1 implies that all data points lie on a line for which Y decreases as X increases. A value of 0 implies that there is no linear correlation between the variables. More generally, note that (Xi - X)(Yi - Y) is positive if and only if Xi and Yi lie on the same side of their respective means. Thus the correlation coefficient is positive if Xi and Yi tend to be simultaneously greater than, or simultaneously less than, their respective means. The correlation coefficient is negative if Xi and Ti tend to lie on opposite sides of their respective means.Correlation Coefficient is given by the formulaTends to lie between - 1 and + 1.0* 'r' value near + 1 - Signals a strong positive association * 'r' value near - 1 - Signals a strong negative association * 'r' = 0 - signals no association between x and y", "cop": 4, "opa": "4r", "opb": "3r", "opc": "2r", "opd": "r", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "e3db9fb9-ead2-4858-8e7d-15ea20ecec3d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "No. Of Sustainable development goals", "exp": "On 25 September 2015, UN General Assembly adopted the 2030 Development Agenda titled \"Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development\".This has 17 Sustainable Development Goals and the associated 169 targets.", "cop": 3, "opa": "19", "opb": "20", "opc": "17", "opd": "13", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "bbd12069-16bb-4166-904f-8fda61b74a0d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Niacin deficiency cause", "exp": "Niacin \n\nThis vitamin differs from the other vitamins of the B-complex group in that an essential amino acids tryptophan serves as its precursor.\nAnother characterstic of niacin is that it is not excreted in urine as such, but is metabolised to two major methylated derivatives.\n\n\nN-methyl-nicotinamide\nN-methyl pyridones\n\n\nNiacin deficiency results in *Pellagra ’\nPellagra is identified by the presence of three 'D's → Diarrhea, Dementia, Dermatitis.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Pellagra", "opb": "Scurvy", "opc": "Rickets", "opd": "Lathyrism", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "605cdaf0-d20d-49eb-b99d-d1204b02fdac", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Old men with BP 210/120mmHg are classified as severe hypeension", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed", "cop": 1, "opa": "Categorical", "opb": "Numerical", "opc": "Quantiitave", "opd": "Continuous", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "c4aec8bd-9bce-4a2b-8027-deaa1eb98f4e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In malarial eradication programme, the basis of using insecticide is to reduce lifespan of mosquito by less than", "exp": "VECTOR CONTROL STRATEGIES Vector control is still one of the primary weapons to control malaria in endemic areas. (a) Anti-adult measures (i) Residual spraying : The discovery of DDT in 1940s and followed by other insecticides revolutionized malaria control. The spraying of the indoor surfaces of houses with residual insecticides (e.g., DDT, malathion, fenitrothion) is still the most effective measure to kill the adult mosquito. It has been observed that discontinuation of spraying has very often led to the resurgence of malaria. This implies that spraying once applied may need to be continued for an indefinite period. If indoor spraying is to have any effect, then exhaustive coverage is needed. Indoor house spraying Reduces the longevity of the vector. Malathion and fenitrothion are organophosphate insecticides which are being used with increasing frequency For malaria control following the development of vector resistance to DDT (ii) Space application : This is a major anti-epidemic measure in mosquito-borne diseases. It involves the application of pesticides in the form of fog or mist using special equipment. The ultra-low-volume method of pesticide dispersion by air or by ground equipment has proved to be effective and economical. Outdoor space sprays reduce vector population quickly. {iii) Individual protection : Man-vector contact can be reduced by other preventive measures such as the use of repellents, protective clothing, bed-nets* (preferably impregnated with safe, long-acting repellent insecticides), mosquito coils, screening of houses etc. The methods of personal protection are of great value when properly employed. However, they have rarely been used on a large scale because of cost Ref : Park 25th edition Pgno : 318", "cop": 4, "opa": "1 day", "opb": "3 days", "opc": "6 days", "opd": "10 days", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "0f665569-79dc-418b-8633-1ec585ae38ba", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The protein quality indicator adopted by ICMR in recommending dietary protein requirement is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Amino acid score", "opb": "Biological value", "opc": "Net protein utilization", "opd": "Protein efficiency ratio", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e9681911-c05a-40e9-b256-2fdffd418433", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Saddleback fever is known as", "exp": "• Saddleback fever: Two peaks of fever separated by an afebrile period in-between\n• Seen in: Dengue, Trench fever, Bartonellosis, Chikungunya, Colaradotick fever\n• Saddleback fever: Two peaks of fever separated by an afebrile period in-between\n• Seen in: Dengue, Trench fever, Bartonellosis, Chikungunya, Colaradotick fever", "cop": 1, "opa": "Dengue fever", "opb": "Brucellosis", "opc": "Malaria fever", "opd": "Typhoid fever", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "81e0c337-6204-46d6-aa75-4820cb6cdf09", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In Acute Flaccid paralysis, examination for residual paralysis should be done after", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "30 days", "opb": "120 days", "opc": "90 days", "opd": "60 days", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "2751dfeb-4c48-44e1-b80c-dae5633ffa1e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Problem of bias is maximum with", "exp": "Bias is any systemic error in the determination of the association between exposure and disease. The relative risk may increase or decrease as a result of the bias it reflects some type of no compatibility between the study and control groups. The possibility of bias must be considered when evaluating a possible cause and effect relationship. (refer pgno 73, park 23rd edition)", "cop": 3, "opa": "Coho study", "opb": "Case study", "opc": "Case control study", "opd": "Experimental study", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "24399ef2-5f07-46ec-a4e7-a40fdc7f9a65", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Pregnancy requirement of folic acid per day", "exp": "Ref:Park's Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th ed", "cop": 4, "opa": "100 micrograms", "opb": "500 milligrams", "opc": "300 micrograms", "opd": "500 micrograms", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics", "id": "046b4d5b-dec3-43b7-8f84-b1ffdd03544e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Minimum and Maximum Values established for calculation of Life Expectancy index in HDI are", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "0 years and 65 years", "opb": "0 years and 85 years", "opc": "0 years and 100 years", "opd": "25 years and 85 years", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "7969e10e-37ca-4e59-996f-92ca0a2a0a38", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Residual chlorine level after swimming pool sanitation", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": ">0.5 mg/l", "opb": ">0.7 mg/l", "opc": ">1 mg/l", "opd": ">0.7 ppm", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b29eaa51-0d34-4884-9662-2efede7367b3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Index measuring deprivation in basic dimensions of human development", "exp": "The Human Povey Index (HPI) was considered to better reflect the extent of deprivation to the HDI. In 2010 it was supplanted by the UN&;s Multidimensional Povey Index.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Human povey index", "opb": "Human development index", "opc": "Physical quality of life index", "opd": "Development deprivation index", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "53a8828b-8190-441f-8114-4204bfc98680", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Nova T has", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Silver core", "opb": "Platinum core", "opc": "Copper core", "opd": "Iron core", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ccf97fb2-3d2e-4206-a2d5-cfa5bf095f56", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Burning test syndrome is seen due to deficiency of", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Vitamin B3", "opb": "Vitamin B5", "opc": "Vitamin B6", "opd": "Vitamin B7", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b3032cec-4e09-457e-a22f-9ab5fccece25", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Rash is absent in", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Q-fever", "opb": "Endemic typhus", "opc": "Scrub typhus", "opd": "Epidemic types", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e1740cc9-2631-4986-b7e6-1a66ced62e6e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Function of kasturba memorial fund is", "exp": "Created in 1944, the fund was raised with the main objective of improving a lot of women, especially in the villages, through gram-sevikasPark 23e pg: 916", "cop": 4, "opa": "Relief work", "opb": "Lepra work", "opc": "Tuberculosis work", "opd": "Women development", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health care of community & international health", "id": "741d93a2-43ba-4799-8a08-ac6c4e3f4654", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "MTP act does not protect act of termination of pregnancy beyond", "exp": "Medical Termination of Pregnancy Wilful termination of pregnancy prior to the age of fetal bility has been controversial at all times. However, many governments the world over have liberalized 'Aboion Laws' in keeping with changing times, accepting the recognition of the right of the individual to bear a child at her chosen time and helping to curb the malpractices accompanying illegal aboions. In India, the MTP Act was adopted as a health measure way back in 1972 to avoid death due to criminal aboions. Definition The Indian Act permits the wilful termination of pregnancy before the age of fetal bility (20-weeks' gestation) for well-defined indications. It has to be performed by recognized medical practitioners in a recognized place approved by the competent authority under the Act. Methods of MTP Methods of MTP can be broadly classified as follows: Methods of first-trimester MTP Menstrual regulation Dilatation and suction evacuation Cervical softening prior to dilatation and suction evacu- ation Medical methods Methods of second-trimester MTP Surgical evacuation Extraovular instillation of drugs Extrauterine methods Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno: 287", "cop": 1, "opa": "20weeks", "opb": "24weeks", "opc": "28weeks", "opd": "30weeks", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "5890c663-94d4-4c8c-a6fa-4f7c17556722", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The concept of social medicine was first introduced by", "exp": "The seeds that medicine is a social science were sown in 19th century by pioneers such as Neumann and Virchow Ref : Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition", "cop": 1, "opa": "Neumann and Virchow", "opb": "Robe Grotjahn", "opc": "John Ryle", "opd": "Rene Sand", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "dbbfd1a7-008e-4ee6-9b32-7507ac0ee231", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Mineral toxicity of Manganese produces", "exp": "(D) Neurologic symptoms resembling those of parkinsonism TRACE MINERALSNutrientFunctionsEffects of DeficiencyToxicity* ChromiumPromotion of glucose tolerancePossibly impaired glucose tolerance * CopperEnzyme component, hematopoiesis, bone formationAnemia in undernourished children, Menkes (kinky-hair) syndromeWilson disease, copper poisoning* FluorineBone and tooth formationPredisposition to dental caries, possibly osteoporosisFluorosis, mottling and pitting of permanent teeth, exostoses of spine* IodineThyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) synthesis, development of fetusSimple (colloid, endemic) goiter, cretinism, deaf-mutism, impaired fetal growth and brain developmentHyperthyroidism or hypothyroicism* IronHemoglobin & myoglobin formation, cytochrome enzymes, iron-sulfur proteinsAnemia, pica, glossitis, angular cheilosisHemochromatosis, cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, skin pigmentation* ManganeseHealthy bone structureComponent of manganese-specific enzymes: glycosyltransferases, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, manganese-superoxide dismutaseQuestionableNeurologic symptoms resembling those of parkinsonism or Wilson disease* MolybdenumComponent of coenzyme for sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and one aldehyde oxidaseTachycardia, headache, nausea, obtundation (sulfite toxicity) * SeleniumComponent of glutathione peroxidase and thyroid hormone iodinaseKeshan disease (viral cardiomyopathy), muscle weaknessHair loss, abnormal nails, nausea, dermatitis, peripheral neuropathy* ZincEnzyme component, skin integrity, wound healing, growthImpaired growth and delayed sexual maturation, hypogonadism, hypogeusiaRBC microcytosis, neutropenia, impaired immunity", "cop": 4, "opa": "Menkes syndrome", "opb": "Impaired immunity", "opc": "Cardiomyopathy", "opd": "Neurologic symptoms resembling those of parkinsonism", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "25f75c61-f201-42eb-aef4-718423a0edf7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Phenol coefficient indicates", "exp": "On exposure to air, the colorless crystals of phenol become pinkish and on longer exposure, the color deepens to dark blue. Pure phenol is not an effective disinfectant. It is used as an effective disinfectant. Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 140", "cop": 1, "opa": "Efficacy of a disinfectant", "opb": "Dilution of a disinfectant", "opc": "Quantity of a disinfectant", "opd": "Purity of a disinfectant", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "a3c20c04-2144-4363-ab04-047bdf3614b1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The theory of \"epidemiological web of causation\" was forwarded by", "exp": "For explaining the causation of such non-communicable diseases, in paicular, McMahon and Colleagues (McMahon and Pugh T. Epidemiology: Principle and methods 1st Ed, 1970) forwarded the theory of \"epidemiological web of causation\" Ref: McMahon and Colleagues. Text book on Public Health and Community Medicine pg: 19.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Robe Koch and Louis Pasteur", "opb": "McMahon and Colleagues", "opc": "Henle-Koch", "opd": "John Stua Mill", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "c598384f-985a-4de5-971d-cf6ba7cb9df9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Low air velocity is measured by", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Dry bulb thermometric", "opb": "Bilvered thermometer", "opc": "Kata thermometer", "opd": "Globe thermometer", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "23723762-f8da-4cfb-8152-94dde04733af", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Under NPCB, screening of school children is firstdone by", "exp": "School teachers Under the National Programme for Control of Blindness, all children aged 10-14 years will be screened for refractive errors by trained teachers. Children who cannot read the 6/9 line with any eye are then sent to the ophthalmic assistant of the CHC for refraction test. Children needing spectacles are then provided free spectacles by opticians who have been contracted by the NPCB.", "cop": 1, "opa": "School teachers", "opb": "Village health guide", "opc": "Ophthalmologic assistant", "opd": "Medical officer", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "a40db48f-f1c7-4755-aa07-c1be5f58cfac", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Pearl index is", "exp": "Failure rate/100 women years", "cop": 3, "opa": "Failure rate / 1 women years", "opb": "Failure rate/10 women years", "opc": "Failure rate/100 women years", "opd": "Failure rate/1000 women years", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "4021dec9-952b-4480-a2ff-832d2d386c93", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The Toxin responsible for Lathyrism is", "exp": "(A) BOAA # LATHYRISM or NEUROLATHYRISM is a neurological disease of humans and domestic animals, caused by eating certain legumes of the genus Lathyrus. This problem is mainly associated with Lathyrus sativus.> The lathyrism resulting from the ingestion of Lathyrus odoratus seeds (Sweet peas) is often referred to as odoratism, which is caused by a different toxin (Beta-amino-propionitrile) and affects the linking of collagen, a protein of connective tissues.> Symptoms> The consumption of large quantities of Lathyrus grain containing high concentrates of the neurotoxin beta-oxalyl-L-aipha,beta- diaminopropionic acid (or ODAP) causes paralysis, characterized by lack of strength in or inability to move the lower limbs.> Poison responsible in the peas is the glutamate analogue beta-(N)-oxalylamino-L-alanine acid (BOAA), aka beta-N-oxalyl-diamino- propionic acid (beta-ODAP).", "cop": 1, "opa": "BOAA", "opb": "Sanguinarine", "opc": "Pyrazolidine alkaloid", "opd": "Calotoxin", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "c51c8902-97c8-44c6-8d27-55047ee8711c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Best method to remove confounding is", "exp": "Method Utility to control confounding Randomization 2nd best method Restriction Limiting study to people who have paicular characteristics Matching Mostly useful in case control studies, MC used method Stratification Useful for larger studies Statistical modeling When many confounding variables exist simultaneously Stratified randomization Best method", "cop": 3, "opa": "Randomization", "opb": "Restriction", "opc": "Stratified randomization", "opd": "Multivariate analysis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "5b2d1bda-0768-4c72-b54b-b6aaa4738de9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In 4 split skin smears of a patient, 2 samples had 10 bacilli out of 100hpf and 2 samples with > 1000 bacilli. Average bacteriological index would be", "exp": "RIDLEY'S LOGARITHMIC SCALE FOR BACTERIAL INDEX Bacterial/ Bacteriological Index (BI) : Density of bacilli in smears, including both living and dead bacilli. Ridley's logarithmic scale : Based on the number of bacilli seen in an average High power microscopic field, using an oil-immersion objective (1/12 in or 2 mm) When several smears are taken: Mean index is calculated. Score Description 6+ Many clumps of bacilli in an average field (over 1000) 5+ 100-1000 bacilli in an average field 4+ 10-100 bacilli in an average field 3+ 10-100 bacilli in 10 fields 2+ 1-10 bacilli in 10 fields 1+ 1-10 bacilli in 100 fields In the given question, Two samples have 10 bacilli in 100hpf (each1+score), and Tw samples with >1000 bacilli in Average filed (each 6+ score) BI = 1+1+6+6/ 4 = 3.5 Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 341-342", "cop": 1, "opa": "3.5", "opb": "4.5", "opc": "5.5", "opd": "6.5", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "f0b2bef9-bbd1-47a7-8198-a9804a19f7c6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Tetracycline is used in the prophylaxis of", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Brucellosis", "opb": "Cholera", "opc": "Leptospirosis", "opd": "Meningitis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "72bf77f0-e97a-41ee-9c02-4c247d2dbd87", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Variables in the form of mild,moderate,severe is given.Method used to analyse is", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed", "cop": 2, "opa": "Nominal", "opb": "Ordinal", "opc": "Interval", "opd": "Variance", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "4162244d-e1fd-469c-8974-a0dc76ef5fa1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most frequently occurring value in a group of data", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Mean", "opb": "Standard deviation", "opc": "Median", "opd": "Mode", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "66e3c01d-18d1-46d5-8c1f-8a4d8dd56cfb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "National AIDS Control Programme was staed on", "exp": "National AIDS control programme was launched in India in the year 1987. Ref: PARK&;S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE 23rd edition pg 431", "cop": 3, "opa": "1977", "opb": "1980", "opc": "1987", "opd": "1990", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health programmes in India", "id": "d5e25478-0ea6-427e-8b27-c4350f98fd46", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Best contraceptive for 22 year old married nulliparous women", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Condom", "opb": "OCPs", "opc": "Tubectomy", "opd": "Rhythm method", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "8cb4869c-ab53-421d-bcc5-028d3186aec6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not a barrier method", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Condom", "opb": "Today", "opc": "Centchroman", "opd": "Diaphragm", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "129d7542-ad1b-4e67-8438-3e76bac09ca4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Confirmatory Test for coliform count", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Eijkman test", "opb": "Casoni’s test", "opc": "Nitrate test", "opd": "Urease test", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "91392a98-ba41-44e0-903f-de74fd1c54fe", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "PNDT Act 1994 deals with", "exp": "(A) Prohibition of sex selection# PRE-NATAL DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1994 (PNDT), was amended in 2003 to Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition Of Sex Selection) Act (PCPNDT Act) to improve the regulation of the technology used in sex selection.> Implications of the amendment are: Amendment of the act mainly covered bringing the technique of pre conception sex selection within the ambit of the act Bringing ultrasound within its ambit Empowering the central supervisory board, constitution of state level supervisory board Provision for more stringent punishments Empowering appropriate authorities with the power of civil court for search, seizure and sealing the machines and equipments of the violators Regulating the sale of the ultrasound machines only to registered bodies", "cop": 1, "opa": "Prohibition of sex selection", "opb": "Age determination", "opc": "Fetal viability", "opd": "Congenital abnormalities", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "83c0dec0-51d8-47c1-b0f1-58ac09621418", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The hardness of Hard water (in mg/L) is", "exp": "(PARK TB 25rd edition pg 787) Hardness is the soap destroying power of water. Level of hardness is expressed in terms of milliequivalents per litre where one milliequivalent is equal to 50mg calcium carbonate in one litre of water. The level of hardness of hard water is equal to 3-6mEq/L or 150-300 mg/L. CLASSIFICATION LEVEL OF HARDNESS (mEq./L) LEVEL OF HARDNESS (mg/L) soft water <1 <50 moderately hard 1-3 50-150 hard water 3-6 150-300 very hard >6 >300", "cop": 3, "opa": "<50", "opb": "50-100", "opc": "150-300", "opd": ">300", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "6651e367-4492-47f4-a437-5c18c3ed6f63", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Ixodid tick transmits", "exp": "Description: Vector Diseases transmitted Soft tick Relapsing fever, Q fever, KFD (outside India) Hard tick Tularemia, Babesiosis, KFD (India), Tick paralysis, Tick encephalitis, Indian tick typhus, Tick hemorrhagic fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Lymes disease REF: PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE, 25TH EDITION, PG NO. 841", "cop": 3, "opa": "Listerosis", "opb": "Leishmaniasis", "opc": "Lyme disease", "opd": "Malaria", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "a1ffaae4-1410-4225-9a2e-c83364b3408a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "World Anti Tobacco Day is observed on", "exp": "Ref: 25th Ed K.Park's Textbook Of Preventive and Social Medicine", "cop": 1, "opa": "31st May", "opb": "5th June", "opc": "12th July", "opd": "24th November", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health care of community & international health", "id": "dca1fcdb-3164-4e93-a4b2-eb55da3eb2de", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A 12 kg child with diarrhoea, fluid to be replaced in first 4 hours", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "0-400 ml", "opb": "800-1200 ml", "opc": "400-800 ml", "opd": "1200-1600 ml", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "a0cef2a1-5e4b-42c5-8001-835f859ccfaf", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Workshop is", "exp": "Symphosium : Series op speeches on a selected topic.\nRole - playing : Situation dramatized by a group.\nPanel - discussion : 4 - 8 persons discuss about a topic in front of audience.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Discussion between 6 members", "opb": "Series of speeches on the topic", "opc": "Series of four or more meetings", "opd": "Situation dramatized by a group", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "992817fa-7869-470e-9ebb-409109df273f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Chemoprophylaxis is not required in", "exp": "Cholera: Tetracycline or furazolidone for household contacts Bacterial conjunctivitis: Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment Diphtheria: Erythromycin Influenza: Oseltamivir Meningitis, meningococcal: Ciprofloxacin, and minocycline Plague: Tetracycline for contacts of pneumonic plague Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 137", "cop": 1, "opa": "Typhoid", "opb": "Meningococcal meningitis", "opc": "Bacterial conjunctivitis", "opd": "Malaria", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "9315311e-c081-4313-8a5d-92b1a12c9197", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not transmitted by soft Tick", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Relapsing fever", "opb": "KFD in India", "opc": "KFD outside india", "opd": "Q fever", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "01322516-144a-435e-b09a-081866b3a840", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Obstetric care will mostly affet", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed", "cop": 3, "opa": "Early neonatal moality", "opb": "Late neonatal moality", "opc": "Perinatal moality", "opd": "Infant moality", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics", "id": "f77dadcc-8a0d-4e18-9a7a-ceb52380dc21", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Failure rate of contraceptive method is determined by", "exp": "Two methods have been used to measure contraceptive efficacy: 1. Pearl index and 2. Life table analysis Pearl index is defined as the number of failure rates per 100 woman years of exposure Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 510", "cop": 1, "opa": "Pearl index", "opb": "Half life", "opc": "Number of accidental pregnancies", "opd": "Period of contraceptive practice continued", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "a8cbb3d5-d2a7-4b43-be65-17cf1d6d4a91", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most powerful example of social cohesion is", "exp": "Family: Is a group of biologically related individuals living together and eating from a common kitchen Family is the primary unit of all societies Family is the &;most powerful example of social cohesion&; Crowd: A group of people coming together temporarily for a sho period, motivated by a common interest or curiosity Crowd lacks internal organisation and leadership Mob: A group of people coming together temporarily for a sho period, having a leader who forces members into action Mob is more emotional than crowd Like crowd, mob is unstable and lacks internal organisation Herd: Is a crowd with a leader, where members of the group have to follow the orders of the leader without question Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno: 719", "cop": 3, "opa": "Mob", "opb": "Hospital", "opc": "Family", "opd": "Herd", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Social science, Mental health & Genetics", "id": "97058ecd-a472-4353-8b20-a96d50e1e036", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Iron and folic acid supplementation to children is a form of", "exp": "Specific protection is a pa of primary prevention. Primary prevention - interventions are health promotion and specific protection. Specific protection includes protection of health by personal and community effos - immunization, nutrient supplementation(iron-folic acid supplementation, Vitamin A drops),chemoprophylaxis, protection against occupational hazards and accidents,control of consumer product quality and safety of foods,drugs,cosmetics,etc. Ref: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 24th edition - Page no. 47", "cop": 2, "opa": "Health promotion", "opb": "Specific protection", "opc": "Primodial prevention", "opd": "Secondary prevention", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "fde7d7eb-2d3f-4ade-a328-247247f84aab", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The lung disease caused by inhalation of sugarcane dust is known as(MH' 2001; 2005)", "exp": "Ans. b (Bagasosis) (Ref Text book of PSM by Park 22nd/ 751)Pneumoconiosis is a respiratory illness caused by inhalation of (respirabale dust) dust particles of 0.5 to 3 micron.0ByssinosisBy inhalation of cotton fibres - Monday morning fever is presentBagassosisBy inhalation of sugar cane dust - organism - Thermoactinomyces sacchariAsbestosisBy inhalation of asbestos - X-ray - ground glass appearanceSilicosisBy inhalation of silica particles- X-ray - snow storm appearanceFarmer's lungBy inhalation of hay or grain dust - organism - micropolyspora faeniFew more:Immune complex disease (type III = Arthus reaction)Responsible Specific antigensFarmer's lung from moldy hayThermoactinomyces vulgaris or Micropolyspora faeniHypersensitivity pneumonitis from forced-air equipment = Pandora's pneumonitis with heating/humidifying/ air conditioning systemsThermophilic actinomycetesBird-fancier's lung, pigeon breeder's lung from protein in bird serum/excrements/feathers--Mushroom worker's lung from mushroom compostThermoactinomyces vulgaris or Micropolyspora faeniBagassosis from moldy sugar cane in sugar mill contaminationThermoactinomyces sacchari/vulgaris and Micropolyspora faeniMalt worker's lung from malt dustAspergillus clavatusMaple bark disease from moldy maple bark in saw millCryptostroma corticaleSuberosis from moldy cork dustPenicillium frequentansSequoiosis from redwood dustGraphium species", "cop": 2, "opa": "Byssinosis", "opb": "Bagassosis", "opc": "Pneumoconiosis", "opd": "Asbestosis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Occupational Health", "id": "e1949ff2-20fe-43a3-903c-c52680f74938", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The time interval between reception of infection and maximum infectivity of the host is know as", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.e. Generation time", "cop": 1, "opa": "Generation time", "opb": "Serial interval", "opc": "Latent period", "opd": "Median incubation period", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "fd9e5665-6e0a-44ce-8357-0195252ddcc1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Advantage of case control over coho study", "exp": "Case-control study yields only estimate of relative risk Coho study yields incidence rates, relative risks as well as attributable risk (refer pgno:79 park 23 rd edition)", "cop": 2, "opa": "Attributable risk can be calculated", "opb": "Odds ratio can be calculated", "opc": "For rare disease", "opd": "Bias is minimum", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "f5c17c42-1bb5-405a-8721-cad392e0488f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Cytotoxic drugs are disposed in", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Yellow bag", "opb": "Blue bag", "opc": "Red bag", "opd": "Black bag", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "5c2dac27-4aba-4f7d-bae6-a9a83cdb9297", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Acrodermatitis enteropathica is due to deficiency of", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Zinc", "opb": "Vitamin B3", "opc": "Calcium", "opd": "Vitamin B6", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "1ddadcd5-6381-4657-b768-c0a9b89649f7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Best Biological indicator of air pollution is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Gambusia fish", "opb": "Poecilia", "opc": "Lichens", "opd": "Algae", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "44328a30-a913-4a71-844c-5d13043f1884", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Every TB sputum positive patient can infect up to", "exp": "- Every TB sputum positive patient can infect up to 10-15 persons per year EPIDEMIOLOGY OF T.B: Country with highest TB burden India ARI 1.5% Infected with T.B 40% Developing T.B per day 5000/day SS +ve per year 0.8 million Deaths per year 0.37 million Index of infection 1-2% Prevalence of infection 40% Incidence / prevalence of disease Sputum smear examination", "cop": 3, "opa": "1-2 persons per year", "opb": "5-6 persons per year", "opc": "10-15 persons per year", "opd": "100-200 persons per year", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Respiratory Infections", "id": "3715c888-63bd-40df-8008-15944a352ef7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In set of data with highly variable values,the best measure of central tendency is", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed", "cop": 2, "opa": "Mean", "opb": "Median", "opc": "Mode", "opd": "Standard Detion", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "18e6d531-99b4-4615-b5a3-f765f524e482", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Eligible couple means", "exp": "The eligible couple are currently married couple wherein the wife is in the reproductive age (i.e. 5 -49 yr. of age) Don't confuse with target couple: Eligible couples who have 2 - 3 living children Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 492-493", "cop": 3, "opa": "A couple having 2 living children", "opb": "A couple having given bih to 2 children, irrespective of their survival status", "opc": "A couple with wife aged 15-45 yrs", "opd": "A couple who is ready for sterilization", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "13833881-fe60-46fe-afc9-368aed6991c8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "100 women, followed up for 20 months, with OCPs, 5 became pregnant. Calculate the Pearl Index", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "1", "opb": "2", "opc": "3", "opd": "4", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b3c388d3-1229-4d96-9abb-4544f8926317", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Active search for disease in an apparently healthyindividual is k/a", "exp": "screening Screening is defined as 'the search for unrecognized disease or defect by means of rapidly applied tests, examination or other procedures in apparently healthy individuals.\" Other terms Case finding : is the use of clinical and/or laboratory tests to detect disease in individuals seeking health care for other reasons for example ELISA for HIV in pregnant women. Monitoring : is performing and analysing routine measurements to detect changes in the health status of population or changes in the environment for eg. monitoring of air pollution, water quality, growth and nutritional status etc. Sentinel surveillance : As no routine notification system can detect all cases of infection or disease, sentinel surveillance is a method to identify the missing cases.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Monitoring", "opb": "Case finding", "opc": "Screening", "opd": "Sentinel surveillance", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "4e891e50-65b4-4bcc-be2d-52689b91e435", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Site not used for measurement of skin fold thickness", "exp": "Skin fold thickness (SFT) is measured at 4 sites Mid-triceps region Biceps region Subcapsular region Supra iliac region Ref : Park 25th edition Pgno : 418", "cop": 3, "opa": "Mid-triceps area", "opb": "Supra-iliac region", "opc": "Gluteal region", "opd": "Biceps area", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Non communicable diseases", "id": "879aa8c6-4f8e-49c8-94b0-d41a118ac2d7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The first country in the South East Asian Region (SEAR) to report AIDS was", "exp": "First case of HIV reported:\n\nUSA: 1981\nThailand: 1984\nIndia: 1986\nSri Lanka: 1987\nBangladesh: 1989", "cop": 4, "opa": "Sri Lanka", "opb": "India", "opc": "Bangladesh", "opd": "Thailand", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "3632ebd2-1b09-47d8-be24-96fe47cf84f3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "ORS required during 4 hours in a 20 kg child", "exp": "ORSThe aim of oral rehydration therapy is to prevent dehydration and reduce moality.Oral fluid therapy is based on the observation that glucose given orally enhances the intestinal absorption of salt and water and is capable of correcting electrolyte and water deficit.At first the composition of oral rehydration salt recommended by WHO was sodium bicarbonate based. The inclusion of trisodium citrate in place of sodium bicarbonate made the product more stable and it resulted in less stool output especially in high output diarrhoea, probably because of the direct effect of trisodium citrate in increasing intestinal absorption of sodium and water.More recently an improved ORS formulation has been developed which is safe and effective as the original in preventing and treating diarrhoeal dehydration. It is focussed on reducing the osmolarity of ORS solution to avoid adverse effects of hypeonicity on net fluid absorption by reducing the concentration of glucose and sodium chloride in the solution.A freshly prepared ORS should be used before 24hrs.Decreasing the sodium concentration of ORS solution to 75 mOsm/l improved the efficacy of ORS regimen for children with acute non-cholera diarrhoea.Reduced osmolarity ORS:-(g/L)Sodium chloride- 2.6Glucose,anhydrous- 13.5Potassium chloride- 1.5Trisodium citrate,dihydrate-2.9Total =20.5 g/LReduced osmolarity ORS:-(mmol/L)Sodium-75Chloride-65Glucose,anhydrous-75Potassium-20Citrate-10Total = 245 mmol/LGuidelines for oral rehydration therapy in first four hours(as per weight)1. Under 5 kg:200-400 ml2. 5-7.9 kg: 400-600 ml3. 8-10.9 kg : 600-800 ml4. 11-15.9 kg: 800-1200 ml5. 16-29.9 kg: 1200-2200 ml6. 30/ above: 2200-4000 ml{Reference: park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no.224}", "cop": 4, "opa": "200-400 ml", "opb": "400-600 ml", "opc": "600-800 ml", "opd": "1200-2200 ml", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "765c9649-915e-43f4-84dc-fa2ab63dfa33", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Morbid obesity means BMI of", "exp": "Ref: Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25 th Ed Pgno : 417-418", "cop": 2, "opa": ">30", "opb": ">40", "opc": ">35", "opd": ">29", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Non communicable diseases", "id": "8de51243-bf2b-47e4-88b2-3e4775497398", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Maximum tolerable sound level to human cass", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "100 dB", "opb": "85 dB", "opc": "120 dB", "opd": "40 dB", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e5bb9119-bfa2-4182-971c-d89996b13f46", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Theory of web of causation was given by", "exp": "Theory of web of causation was proposed by MacMahon and Pugh in their book: \"Epidemiological Principles and Methods\". Web of causation considers all the predisposing factors of any type and their complex inter-relationship with each other. Ref : Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition; Page 34", "cop": 1, "opa": "Mc Mohan and Pugh", "opb": "Petfenkoffer", "opc": "John snow", "opd": "Louis Pasteur", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "05aa40a1-c0ac-4f36-a899-88bcdcf0fb53", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Biomedical concept of health is based on", "exp": "The biomedical model of health focuses on purely biological factors and excludes psychological, environmental, and social influences. Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 13", "cop": 1, "opa": "Germ theory of disease", "opb": "Absence of pain", "opc": "Social and psychological factors", "opd": "Equilibrium between man and environment", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "7f15db97-0a9b-4e3f-9590-f47170477ee8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Vertical transmission is seen in", "exp": "(Herpes simplex) (91 - Park 19fh) (92-Park 20th)* Transplacental (Vertical transmission - Mother to child* Direct transmission, TORCH agents (Toxoplasma, gondii, rubella, CMV, herpes virus) Varicella virus, syphilis* Hepatitis B, COxsackie B and AIDS* Some of the non - living agents (e.g. - thalidomide, DES) produces malformations of the embryo by disturbing its development", "cop": 1, "opa": "Herpes simplex", "opb": "Leprosy", "opc": "Tetanus", "opd": "Whooping cough", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable Diseases", "id": "770df629-0607-452a-ac11-cadf93e1d36e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In iceberg phenomenon, the submerged part represents", "exp": "Ans. (a) Undiagnosed cases in communityRef : K. Park 23rd ed. /39, 135; K. Park 21s,ed. /37", "cop": 1, "opa": "Undiagnosed cases in community", "opb": "Diagnosed cases in community", "opc": "Clinial cases that physician sees", "opd": "Clinical cases that investigator sees", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of disease causation", "id": "b0d53eb8-b0e9-4dbc-ae02-aacf4cb73063", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "FFHC stands for", "exp": "The most impoant aspect of FAO's (Food and Agriculture organization) work is towards ensuring that the food is consumed by the people who need it, in sufficient quantities and in right propoions, to develop and maintain a better state of nutrition throughout the world.In this context, the FAO has organized a world freedom from Hunger Campaign (FFHC) in 1960.The main object of the campaign is to combat malnutrition and to disseminate information and education. Park 23e pg: 923", "cop": 2, "opa": "Fund for human capacity", "opb": "Freedom from hunger campaign", "opc": "Fund for health corporation", "opd": "Freedom from health corporation", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health care of community & international health", "id": "75cdffaa-bf84-478b-bbd4-588fe279078c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Flipchas are used in", "exp": "The lecture method can be made more effective by combining with suitable audio-visual aids such as - Flipchas, Flannelgraph, Exhibits, Films and chas.Flipchas are series of chas or posters, flashed or displayed before a group as talk is being given.Park 23e pg: 864", "cop": 2, "opa": "Demonstrations", "opb": "Lectures", "opc": "Symposium", "opd": "Workshops", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health education & planning", "id": "2a461642-c8d1-44bc-81a8-e999523b294b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Adjuvant used in DPT is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Aluminium", "opb": "Magnesium", "opc": "Manganese", "opd": "Silica", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c9274b4a-2ee4-47a6-984c-ec333eeb20f5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Lysine is deficient in", "exp": "Ans. a (Cereals). (Ref. Park, PSM, 17th/pg.426)# Cereals are deficient in lysine and have poor nutritive value.# Cereal and pulse proteins complement each other and provide a more balance and \"complete\" protein.# Germinating pulses, however, contain higher concentration of vitamins, especially vitamin C and B; pulses are called \"poor man's meat\".FOOD MATERIALRICH INDEFICIENT INCEREALS MaizeFat, excess leucine (Pellagra)Lysine and tryptophan.RiceLysine and Vitamin BVitamins A, D and C, Ca++, IronWheatProtein, Vitamin BLysine and threonineMilled rice (Polished rice)-Thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, proteinsMILLETS JowarExcess Leucine (Pellagra)Lysine and threonine,RagiCalc<<um-BajaraCalcium, iron, vitamin BLysine and threoninePULSES (LEGUMES) Pulses20-25% of proteins, Lysine, Methionine and cystein.Mineral, vitamin BSoya bean:40% of protein, 20% of fat, and 4% of minerals.Methionine", "cop": 1, "opa": "Cereals", "opb": "Pulses", "opc": "Jowar", "opd": "Soyabean", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and Health", "id": "4d178bea-4222-4822-9c4c-f9ed6c79cbb9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Early reaction of Lepromin test is known as", "exp": "Lepromin test Test of CMI in leprosy. Early reaction is known as Fernandez reaction (Read at 48 hours). Late reaction is known as Late Mitsuda reaction (Read at 21 days). It is not a diagnostic test.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Late Mitsuda reaction", "opb": "Fernandez reaction", "opc": "Early Mitsuda reaction", "opd": "First lepromin reaction", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "NVBDCP, NLEP", "id": "7049c0aa-3d55-4b84-9755-1be97484296c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Relative risk formula(2018)", "exp": "Estimation of disease risk associated with exposure is obtained by an index known as \"Relative Risk\" (RR) or '\"risk ratio\" , which is defined as the ratio between the incidence of disease among exposed persons and incidence among non-exposed. It is given by the formula: Incidence among exposed/ incidence among non exposed. Ref:- park; pg num :- 81", "cop": 3, "opa": "Incidence of disease among non-exposed divided By Incidence of disease among exposed", "opb": "Incidence of disease among non-exposed minus Incidence of disease among exposed", "opc": "Incidence of disease among exposed divided by Incidence of disease among non-exposed", "opd": "Incidence of disease among exposed minus Incidence of disease among non-exposed", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "57a356f7-95d2-48dc-9b43-f62025de73fe", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A village health guide is selected by", "exp": "Health guides come from and are chosen by the community they work.They should be permanent residents of local community, have formal education up to 6th standard, acceptable to all sections, spend 2-3 hrs for community health work.Park 23e pg: 902", "cop": 1, "opa": "Panchayat", "opb": "Zilla parishad", "opc": "Block Development Officer", "opd": "Medical Officer in-charge", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health care of community & international health", "id": "87b32955-e809-4bf9-88d8-6175336fdae0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Sex ratio is", "exp": "Sex ratio is defined as the number of females per 1000 males. It is one of the basic demographic characteristic of a population. Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no:482", "cop": 3, "opa": "1 male per 1000 females", "opb": "1000 females for 1000 males", "opc": "Number of female for 1000 males", "opd": "1000 females per 100000 males", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "808aee63-b161-4cb3-a1e7-52f3bd10dcb6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Floating tip in an iceberg phenomenon represents", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Latent cases", "opb": "In Apparent cases", "opc": "Carriers", "opd": "Clinical cases", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "4603e3cd-1fb3-424e-b8d0-75372053b9a2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Punnet’s square is used for", "exp": "PUNNETT SQUARE\n\nIs a diagram that is used to predict the result of a cross/breeding experiment\nIs representing summary of every possible combination of each maternal allele with paternal allele for each gene studied in square\nIs used by biologists ‘to determine the probability of an offspring having a particular genotype’\nCan be used for both monohybrid and dihybrid cross\nAre standard tools for genetic counsellors\n\nTypical example of a Punnett square:", "cop": 3, "opa": "Random sampling", "opb": "statistical analysis", "opc": "finding genotype of offspring", "opd": "Test of significance", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "818dc62a-483c-4ddd-abd1-a006939dd3fc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Basic types of biases in epidemiological study", "exp": "Bias may arise due to errors of assessment of the outcome due to the human element. 3 sources: subject variation, observer bias, bias in evaluation. (refer pg 83 park 23 rd edition)", "cop": 1, "opa": "Investigation bias", "opb": "Subject bias", "opc": "Random error", "opd": "Analyzer bias", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "2f366ba2-9039-4338-88d8-1846f24b0e64", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "MDPI  does not include", "exp": "MDPI includes\n\nHealth.\nEducation.\nStanderd of living.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Health", "opb": "Per capita income", "opc": "Education", "opd": "Standard of living", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "194ee32c-3ba1-48e5-abe2-4958e337659b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Incineration is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "High temperature oxidation process", "opb": "Low temperature reduction process", "opc": "High temperature reduction process", "opd": "Low temperature oxidation process", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c48c330d-e33f-4cf7-93bf-be2d1af47839", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "\"Bullneck\" appearance is a characteristic feature seen in", "exp": "Regional lymphadenopathy in diphtheria causes a brawny thickening /swelling all around the neck, giving a 'bull neck\" appearance Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 161", "cop": 2, "opa": "Epidermolysis bullosa", "opb": "Severe Diphtheria", "opc": "Epidemic Parotiditis", "opd": "Acute Epiglottitis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "dfcefccb-728e-4bba-aee3-0832aafc5de7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Disposal of placenta at PHC is", "exp": "Animal wastes (category 2) are disposed by incineration or Deep burial.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Treat with bleaching powder and burial", "opb": "Deep burial", "opc": "Boiling", "opd": "Dry burning", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "921af3c8-9626-475b-b5fd-e797239760c0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "ORS plus Zinc", "exp": "Zinc supplementation with ORS therapy reduce Duration of diarrhea Severity of acute and persistent diarrhea Volume of diarrhea", "cop": 3, "opa": "Reduces infection", "opb": "Antispasmodic", "opc": "Reduces duration of diarrhea", "opd": "Enhance sodium absorption", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "db01c4bb-8f25-44df-ba91-db4327751497", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Peripheral most unit for planning of Family planning and other services under RCH program is", "exp": "The sub-centre level is the peripheral outpost of the existing health delivery system. Categorization Type A: Provide all recommended services except the facilities for conducting delivery is not available here. Type B (MCH sub-centre): All recommended services including facilities for conducting deliveries are available.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Sub-centre", "opb": "Block/ Taluka", "opc": "PHC", "opd": "District", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "NEET 2019", "id": "47b13e4b-220e-41ef-a14e-44b99045993f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Disinfectant used for blood spills", "exp": "Ans. is 'd' i.e. Sodium hypochloriteCommon Disinfectants for Hospital UseGroupExamples and UsageAdvantages and DisadvantagesPHENOLICSClear-soluble phenolic compounds, white fluids; 1.5% solutions; leave in contact for 1 hour.Good general purpose disinfectants, not readily inactivated by organic matter, active against wide range of organisms (including mycobacteria) but not sporicidal.HALOGENSHypochlorites (chloramine) eg \"Milton\", \"Domestic\", bleaches. Strong (2% Cl) to weak (0.02% Cl) concentrations used according to degree of blood contamination; leave in contact for 30 minutes.Cheap, effective, act by release of free chlorine, active against viruses and therefore recommended for disinfection of equipment soiled with blood (because of hepatitis risk), but rapidly inactivated by organic material and corrosive to metals.ALCOHOLSEthyl alcohol (ethanol), isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol).Good choice for skin disinfection and for clean surfaces, sometimes used in combination with iodine or chlorhexidine, water must be present for bacterial killing (i.e. 70% ethanol best), isopropanol preferred for skin and articles in contact with patient.ALDEHYDESGlutaraldehyde (\"Wavicide\", \"Aidel\"); 1% solution, leave in contact for 30 minutes.Kills vegetative organisms including mycobacteria slowly but effectively. More active, less toxic than formaldehyde, sporicidal (within 6 hours when fresh), irritant, used in alkaline solution which is stable 1-2 weeks, expensive, limited use e.g. disinfection of endoscopes.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Phenol", "opb": "Glutaraldehyde", "opc": "Ethanol", "opd": "Sodium hypochlorite", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Sterilization and Disinfection", "id": "803ed17e-42ea-4d00-9f7a-af0ef4da952c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "IUD is not inserted during", "exp": "Best time for IUD insertion are\n\nDuring mensturation.\nWithin 10 days of beginning of mensturation.\nWithin 1 week after delivery.\nduring 6-8th week after delivery.", "cop": 3, "opa": "During menturation", "opb": "Within 10 days of beginning of menstruation", "opc": "After 1 week of delivery", "opd": "During 6-8th weeks after delivery", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "107b5ba1-133a-4483-8d1f-32d3c905d311", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A good trap should have effective seal of", "exp": "• The trap: Is a bent pipe in sanitary latrine, about 7.5 cms in diameter and connected with the pan\nTrap is a ‘Water seal’: it holds water; prevents access by flies and suppresses the nuisance from smell\nDepth of water seal in RCA sanitary latrine: 2 cms (¾ inch)\nWater seal in sanitary latrine is an example of ‘Sanitation barrier.’", "cop": 2, "opa": "2.5 cm", "opb": "5 cm", "opc": "7.5 cm", "opd": "10 cm", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "d0a96679-371a-40a9-967a-2d3965f12efa", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "IUD, associatiate most commonly with explusion", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.e., Lippes loop", "cop": 1, "opa": "Lippes loop", "opb": "T Cu - 200", "opc": "T Cu - 380", "opd": "LNG-IUD", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "7bd6a9e0-90a9-47a1-87ff-9bef7fb55d4b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Side effect of OC pills is", "exp": "Great deal of attention has been focused recently on the metabolic effects induced by the oral contraceptives It includes the ability to modify carbohydrate metabolism with the resultant elevation of blood glucose and plasma insulin, thereby causing carbohydrate intolerance Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 502", "cop": 3, "opa": "Dysmenorrhoea", "opb": "Hyperprolactinemia", "opc": "Carbohydrate intolerance", "opd": "Endometriosis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "d70d5576-f7f5-4340-8a08-834797a916e8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Killing power of disease is", "exp": "Ans. b (Case fatality rate). (Ref. Park, PSM, 17th ed., 52, 88)- CFR is measurement of killing power of a disease.Secondary attack rate =Number of exposed persons developing the disease within the range of IP------------------------------------------Total number of exposed/\"susceptible\" contactsx 100- The primary case is excluded from both the numerator and denominator.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Secondary attack rate", "opb": "Case fatality rate", "opc": "IMR", "opd": "MMR", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of Health and Disease", "id": "6d6ee4d6-7161-45f6-81a1-fc68754926be", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The protein quality indicator adopted by ICMR in recommending dietary protein requirements is", "exp": "Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in 2010 recommended 1.0g protein/Kg body weight for an India adult, assuming a Net protein utilization (NPU) of 65 for dietary proteins.Park 23e pg: 610", "cop": 2, "opa": "Amino acid score", "opb": "Net protein utilization", "opc": "Biological value", "opd": "Protein efficiency ratio", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and health", "id": "f62667d6-8ace-458f-aa25-6994016b015f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Immunity by vaccination is", "exp": "Active immunity occurs as a result of infection or by specific immunization and is usually associated with the presence of antibodies or cells having a specific action on the microorganism or on its toxin. Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 109", "cop": 3, "opa": "Active natural", "opb": "Passive natural", "opc": "Active acquired", "opd": "Passive acquired", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "4205e558-2e70-4d16-81e6-5e28f08f3cb4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "According to CDC recommendations, HIV screening of pregnant women is", "exp": "Opt-out testing means performing an HIV test after notifying the patient that the test is normally performed, but that the patient may elect to decline or defer testing; consent is then assumed unless the patient declines to test. WHO and CDC recommend opt-out testing policies in healthcare settings. Reference: HIV testing guidelines,CDC Atlanta.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Opt in testing", "opb": "Opt out testing", "opc": "Compulsory", "opd": "Symptomatic", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health programmes in India", "id": "2a168459-1891-4706-9514-eb7e49534ab1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Iron and folic acid supplementation to the children is a form of", "exp": "Specific protection is a part of primary prevention.\nSpecific protection includes protection of health by personal and community efforts such as enhancing nutritional status, providing immunizations and eliminating environmental risks.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Health promotion", "opb": "Primordial prevention", "opc": "Specific protection", "opd": "Secondary prevention", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e902e5f1-9cd9-4e87-b8d0-f7463fca47c7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "General fertility rate is a better measure of fertility than the crude birth rate because the denominator includes", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.e., 15-45 yrs of age female Birth rate- * Simplest indicator of fertility * No. of live births per 1000 estimated mid year population Birth rate = (No. of live birth during the year / estimated mid yr. Population) x 100General fertility rate- (No. of live births in an area during the year / mid year female population (15 to 45 yrs) in the same area) x 1000.General fertility rate is a better measure of fertility than the crude birth rate because the denominator is restricted to the no. of women in the child bearing age, rather than the whole population.", "cop": 1, "opa": "15-45 years of age female", "opb": "Midyear population", "opc": "Total woman population", "opd": "Married woman population", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography", "id": "17bb650b-a1e4-4180-931f-e52f894ad137", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Corbohydrate reserve of human body", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.e., 350 gmCarbohydrate store of body is approximately 350 grams (70 grams hepatic glycogen and 280 grams muscle glycogen).", "cop": 1, "opa": "350 gm", "opb": "600 gm", "opc": "950 gm", "opd": "1500 gm", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "31608513-c271-49e8-b833-7a55d2d1ab75", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A 12kg child has diarrhoea, fluid to be replaced in 1st 4 hours", "exp": "The fluid to be replaced in first 4 hours is 800-1200 ml. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 225", "cop": 2, "opa": "1200-1600 ml", "opb": "800-1200 ml", "opc": "400-800 ml", "opd": "0-400 ml", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "eac54d3d-be28-4873-a32a-93bcefa39af4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Number of doses for treatment of Vitamin A deficiency is", "exp": "Prevention of Vitamin A deficiency Prevention and/or control takes two forms (a) improvement of people's diet so as to ensure a regular and adequate intake of foods rich in vitamin A, and (b) reducing the frequency and severity of contributory factors, e.g., PEM, respiratory tract infections, diarrhoea and measles. Both are long term measures involving intensive nutrition education of the public and community paicipation. Since vitamin A can be stored in the body for 6 to 9 months and liberated slowly, a sho term, simple technology had been evolved by the National Institute of Nutrition at Hyderabad (India) for community based intervention Against nutritional blindness, which has subsequently been adopted by other countries . Vitamin A deficiency treatment : Vitamin A on days 1,2 and 14 each (for age >12 months, give 200,000IU; for age 6-12 months, give 100,000 IU; for age 0-5 months, give 50,000IU The strategy is to administer a single massive dose of 200,000 IU of vitamin A in oil (retinof palmitate) orally every 6 months to preschool children (1 year to 6 years), and half that dose (100,000 IU) to children between 6 months and one year of age8. In this way, the child would be, as it were \"immunized\" against xerophthalmia. The protection afforded by six-monthly dosing seems very adequate as measured by clinical signs of deficiency Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 654 Guidelines for the inpatient treatment if severly malnourished children, WHO Pgno : 23", "cop": 3, "opa": "1", "opb": "2", "opc": "3", "opd": "4", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Maternal and child care", "id": "6bf33222-954e-4717-9dc9-469072d31eef", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The population of community X has 30% below 15years of age and 10% over 65years of age. Dependency ratio of community X is", "exp": "Total dependency ratio = Children 0-14 years age + Population more than 65 years of age / Population of 15 to 64 years x 100Say population of X is 100 - 30 are below 15, 10 above 65 and 60 between 15 to 64So the Total dependency ratio = 30+10 / 60 = 40/60 = 2/3 = 66.6Park 23e pg: 490", "cop": 4, "opa": "3%", "opb": "20%", "opc": "40%", "opd": "66.60%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "0ac12627-6f8d-4efe-b2ff-75228fa000eb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Term \"Vaccine\" was coined by", "exp": "Term ' Vaccine' by louis pasteur\nTerm \"Vaccination\" by edward Jenner.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Louis pasteur", "opb": "Edward Jenner", "opc": "James lind", "opd": "John snow", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "a9346599-a297-4383-8c18-0924cd2e5238", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Oral contraceptive pills give protection against", "exp": "Ref:Park's Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th ed", "cop": 3, "opa": "STDs", "opb": "Breast cancer", "opc": "Ovarian cancer", "opd": "Hepatocellular carcinoma", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics", "id": "c2ff8925-a29a-47b5-8cb7-fe7a3663164e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Still birth rate includes babies dead after", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "37 weeks", "opb": "28 weeks", "opc": "20 weeks", "opd": "24 weeks", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "de09152c-49cc-412b-b2e4-e41944fa5359", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The vaccines is yet to be available for", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Yellow fever", "opb": "Japanese encephalitis", "opc": "Dengue fever", "opd": "Russian spring summer encephalitis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "87ad24f6-8e65-4760-85c9-27f15f7c0d4a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Spacing methods used by family welfare programmes are", "exp": "Ministry of health and family welfare has introduced sho term IUCD ( 5 years effectively), Cu IUCD 375, under the National Family Planning programme Under a new scheme launched by the Government of India, services of ASHA&;s to be utilized for counseling newly married couples to ensure spacing of 2 years after marriage and couples with 1 child to have spacing of 3 years after the bih of first child Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no:514", "cop": 1, "opa": "IUCD", "opb": "OCP", "opc": "Vasectomy", "opd": "Condom", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "ba477553-bd0c-46c1-8704-e501fee4d23f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In one single visit, a 9 month old, unimmunized child can be given the following vaccination", "exp": "BCG, DPT-1,OPV-1,Measles. Reference: Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, K.Park,23rd edition, page no:123.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Only BCG", "opb": "BCG, DPT - 1, OPV - 1", "opc": "DPT - 1, OPV - 1, Measles", "opd": "BCG, DPT-1, OPV - 1, Measles", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "6f60ab77-7a7a-4a47-bd07-006a54c4cb17", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Presence of infectious agent on clothes or dressings is termed", "exp": "Contamination - the presence of an infectious agent on a body surface.; also on or in clothes; beddings; toys; surgical instruments or dressing or anther inanimate aicles or substance including water, milk, and food. Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 101", "cop": 3, "opa": "Infection", "opb": "Infestation", "opc": "Contamination", "opd": "Contagion", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "1940ba18-950e-4c8c-a96d-f418943edef7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "For NRR to be 1, Couple protection rate should be", "exp": "Couple protection rate is an indicator of the prevalence of contraceptive practice in the community CPR is defined as the percent of eligible couples effectively protected against child bih by one or other approved methods of family planning Demographers are of the view that the demographic goal of NRR = 1 can be achieved only if the CPR exceeds 60% Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 493", "cop": 3, "opa": "20%", "opb": "40%", "opc": "60%", "opd": "80%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "89724582-7a0c-49ba-9ef8-5109c9ab5c01", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Benzathine Pencillin prophylaxis for rheumatic fever comes under", "exp": "Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat a disease early In RF, secondary prevention includes identifying those who have had RF and giving them inj benzathine penicillin (1.2 million units in adults and 600,000 units in children) at intervals of 3weeks. This must be continued for 5years or until the child reaches the age of 18years whichever is later. Ref : Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition - Pgno. 381", "cop": 3, "opa": "Primary prevention", "opb": "Primordial Prevention", "opc": "Secondary prevention", "opd": "Teiary prevention", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "8a38aaeb-58cd-464b-b7b4-2e940557da8e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Tiger mosquito is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Acdes", "opb": "Anopheles", "opc": "Culex", "opd": "Sand fly", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "cc205598-c454-45ec-b8c5-42b31b60bf20", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Centile devides data into", "exp": "Division of distribution :\n \n\n\n\n \nNo of Intercept\nDivides into\n\n\nTestile\n2\n3 equal parts\n\n\nQuartile\n3\n4 equal parts\n\n\nPentile\n4\n5 equal parts\n\n\nOctile\n7\n8 equal parts\n\n\nCentile\n99\n100 equal parts", "cop": 1, "opa": "100 equal parts", "opb": "10 equal parts", "opc": "5 equal parts", "opd": "20 equal parts", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6a9c036e-078e-41d0-b636-64356f350b69", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The Clinical incubation period of Filariasis is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "10 to 20 days", "opb": "3 to 6 months", "opc": "8 to 16 months", "opd": "6 to 12 months", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "a244d830-7a39-481e-998e-5e6826bbff53", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not a synthetic pyrethroid insectiside", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.e., PropoxurInectisides are divided into :Fumigants : Hydrogen cyanide, SO2, methyl bromide, carbon disulphate.Stomach poisons : Paris green, Sodium fluoride.Contact (nerve) poisons : These are divided into Natural : Pyrethrum, rotenone, Derris, nicotine, mineral oil.Synthetic : These are -Organophosphates : Malathion, parathion, fenthion, diazinon, fenitrothion, abate, chlohion, dioxathion, chlorpyrifos, trichlorfon.Carbamates : Carbaryl, propoxur, dimetilan, pyrolon.Organochlorine : DDT, BHC (HCH), dieldrin, aldrin, chlordane, lindane, heptachlor.Synthetic pyrethroid (pyrethrum derivatives) : Pothrin, resmethrin, permethrin, biopermethrin, cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, cycloprothrin, deltamethrin, cyfluthrin, etofenoprox", "cop": 1, "opa": "Propoxur", "opb": "Permethrin", "opc": "Cypermethrin", "opd": "Etofenoprox", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "2186af17-b380-4e54-8a4c-3addf74e6807", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The vaccine not to be given during pregnancy is", "exp": "MMR Live vaccines are contraindicated during pregnancy unless the risk of infection exceeds the risk of harm to the fetus of some live vaccines. MMR (all 3 components) is live (attenuated) vaccine Contraindication to vaccines Vaccine Contraindication All An anaphylactic reaction Live vaccines (MMR, BCG, Yellow fever) Pregnancy Radiation therapy Yellow fever Egg allergy. immunodeficiency BCG Symptomatic HIV infection Influenza, yellow fever H/O anaphylactic reactions following egg ingestion Peussis-containing Anaphylactic reaction to previous dose, evolving neurological disease", "cop": 1, "opa": "MMR", "opb": "Rabies", "opc": "Hepatitis B", "opd": "Diphtheria", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "f1cc8864-d07a-43e5-960a-b76e326ee7cd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Example for multipurpose screening.", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Chest X-ray for Tb on large population", "opb": "Annual health check ups", "opc": "Pap smear in elderly females", "opd": "Eye check up in school children", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "a61268ad-777b-4383-99d6-075071740076", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Moality statistics are taken into account while calculating", "exp": "Net reproduction rate is defined as the number of daughters a newborn girl will bear during her life time assuming fixed age specific feility and moality rates NRR is a demographic indicator NRR of 1 is equivalent to attaining approximately the 2 child norm Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 489", "cop": 2, "opa": "GER", "opb": "NRR", "opc": "TFR", "opd": "GMFR", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "1e349612-2fe4-4ef0-805b-8972e73dd62f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In an outbreak of cholera in a village of 2000 population 20 cases have occured and 5 died. Case fatality rate is", "exp": "In the given question, in an outbreak of cholera in a village of 2000 population, 20 cases have occured and 5 have died. Thus, CFR= Total no. of deaths due to a disease/Total no. of cases due to that disease * 100 CFR= 5/20 * 100 = 25% And, survival rate = 1-CFR= 1-0.25 = 0.75 (75%) Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno: 66", "cop": 4, "opa": "1%", "opb": "0.25%", "opc": "5%", "opd": "25%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "bf502049-cf8f-4869-959a-4148193e2e28", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Incubation period of Mumps is", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "7 days", "opb": "18 days", "opc": "10 days", "opd": "14 days", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "fd960f79-2383-4ca4-9f76-6297608d5581", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Pandemics are caused by", "exp": "An epidemic usually affecting a large population of the population, occurring over a wide geographic area such as a section of a nation, the entire nation, a continent or the world eg. influenza pandemics of 1918 and 1957, cholera EI Tor in 1962 and acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in 1971 and 1981 Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 101", "cop": 2, "opa": "Hepatitis B", "opb": "Influenza A", "opc": "Influenza - B", "opd": "Cholera", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "9b6b9d47-5bb9-4c8e-a033-37bfccd8ee5f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Ideal cholesterol should be below", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "100mg /dL", "opb": "200mg / dL", "opc": "150 mg / dL", "opd": "250 mg / dL", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "d3b342e7-8ef8-4819-9750-d8b1603d59e3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Mother friendly childbirth initiative was launched in", "exp": "BBFHI: Description: To improve care throughout the childbearing continuum in order to save lives, prevent illness and harm from the overuse of obstetric technologies, and promote health for mothers and babies around the world Launched: 1996, USA\n10 Steps of MFCI:\nStep 1: Treat every woman with respect and dignity, providing her right to informed consent and refusal\nStep 2: Possess and routinely apply midwifery knowledge and skills related to normal physiology\nStep 3: Inform the mother of the benefits of continuous support during labour and birth,\nStep 4: Provide drug-free comfort and pain-relief methods during labour\nStep 5: Provide specific evidence-based practices proven to be beneficial\nStep 6: Avoid potentially harmful procedures and practices that have no scientific support\nStep 7: Implement measures that enhance wellness and prevent emergencies, illness, and death of Mother and Baby\nStep 8: Provide access to evidence-based skilled emergency treatment for life-threatening complications\nStep 9: Provide a continuum of collaborative maternal and newborn care with all relevant health care providers, institutions and organizations\nStep 10: Strive to achieve the 10 Steps to Successful Breastfeeding (WHO/UNICEF Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative BFHI)", "cop": 1, "opa": "USA", "opb": "Britain", "opc": "Australia", "opd": "India", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ca0f771d-fbf6-4efd-b0a0-9712ec4be166", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Randomization is useful to eliminate", "exp": "Randomization: The groups should be alike with regard to ceain variables or characteristics that might affect the outcome of experiments The entire study population can be stratified into subgroups according to the variable Individuals within each subgroup can then be randomly allocated into study and control groups Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 90", "cop": 2, "opa": "Observer bias", "opb": "Confounding factors", "opc": "Patient bias", "opd": "Sampling bias", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "cdd2af24-4864-47c8-89fc-817c1cda9c64", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The number of aboions performed divided by the number of live bihs in the same period is known as", "exp": "Aboion ratio is calculated by dividing the number of aboions performed during a paicular time period by the number of live bihs over the same period Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 489", "cop": 4, "opa": "Aboion rate", "opb": "Aboion incidence", "opc": "Aboion prevalence", "opd": "Aboion ratio", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "14b6dac7-cafd-434f-99a2-77c8cf742b5b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Inability to perform any work without discomfort is", "exp": "New York Heart Association (NYHA) Classification\nImportance: Scale used for quantification of degree of functional limitation imposed by Congestive health failure (CHF)", "cop": 3, "opa": "NYHA 1", "opb": "NYHA 2", "opc": "NYHA 4", "opd": "NYHA 3", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "68d45f1c-d80f-4b69-95dc-8e52979f2147", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Strength of association is given by", "exp": "Strength of association is given by Odds ratio or Cross product ratio in a Case control study. Odds ratio = ad/bc OR > 1 - Positive association, OR=1 - No association, OR < 1 - Inverse/ negative association. Chi-square test or t-test can only tell whether an association is statistically significant based on p-value, but doesn't give the magnitude of strength of association.", "cop": 4, "opa": "p-value", "opb": "Coefficient of regression", "opc": "Alpha value", "opd": "Odds ratio", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Case Control Study, Combined Designs", "id": "5e31ebbb-c2ff-48bc-9ce0-082caf33e866", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Iodised oil ( usual dose of 1 ml i/m) gives protection for", "exp": "Intramuscular Iodised Oil (poppy-seed oil): Average dose 1 ml injection provided protection for 4 years\nOral Iodised Oil: 2 ml dose is effective for 2 years", "cop": 1, "opa": "3-4 years", "opb": "3-4 months", "opc": "3-4 weeks", "opd": "10-12 years", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ce669d87-4c30-4fc1-944a-57034bdcb56f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In a study in UK, an association was found between sale of antiarrythmic drug and an increase in deaths due to asthma. This is an example of", "exp": "Ecological study [Ref: Park, 21/e p59 (19/e, p58) www.ucel.ac.uk.rlos/specs/rlo_observational_study.doc; Repeat Nov 10 & Nov 06 This is an example of ecological study. An ecological study is a type of Observational study where information is collected on a group (or population) rather than on individual members and then analyzed. Here the association between a summary measure of sale of antiarrythmic drugs (risk factor) and summary measure of deaths due to asthma (outcome) is studied. For detailed explanation see Nov10", "cop": 1, "opa": "Ecological study", "opb": "Coho study", "opc": "Case reference study", "opd": "Experimental study", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c63c23e0-1f7a-4a27-82d2-15f785849045", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug of choice for round worm", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Albendazole", "opb": "Metronidazole", "opc": "Praziquantal", "opd": "Mebendazole", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "036b304c-1cba-4a87-89bc-701934e56aa9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Early expanding stage is denoted by", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Decreased birth rate and Decreased death rate", "opb": "Increased birth rate and Increased death rate", "opc": "Unchanged birth rate and Decreased death rate", "opd": "Decreased birth rate and Increased death rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e10c70e3-99ed-478b-909a-8ed07e4d5736", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "If we ask the patient attending OPD to evaluate his pain on a scale of 0 (no pain) to 5 (the worst pain), then this commonly applied scale is a", "exp": "Ratio scale is a type of variable measurement scale which is quantitative in nature. Ratio scale allows any researcher to compare the intervals or differences. Ratio scale is the 4th level of measurement and possesses a zero point or character of origin. This is a unique feature of ratio scale Ref : Internet sources", "cop": 2, "opa": "Dichotomous", "opb": "Ratio scale", "opc": "Continuous", "opd": "Nominal", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "9400d7ec-a89c-4608-ad39-be06d5987309", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Mode of transmission of Q fever is", "exp": "Modes of Transmission of few important diseases:", "cop": 4, "opa": "Bite of infected louse", "opb": "Bite of infected tick", "opc": "Bite of infected mite", "opd": "Inhalation of aerosol", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "4414ce89-0c3d-44db-a896-1e499487cf65", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The area under a normal distribution curve for SD of 2 is", "exp": "(C) 95% # Normal distribution: In a normal curve the area between one standard deviation on either side of the mean (x+1s) will include approximately 68% of the values in the distribution> Area between two standard deviations on either side of the mean (x + 2s) will cover most of the values i.e., approximately 95% of the values, and> Area between (x + 3s) will include 99.7% of the values.", "cop": 3, "opa": "65%", "opb": "75%", "opc": "95%", "opd": "99%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "a932d3a3-dc7b-4a1f-b1de-31a6461163c3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Any loss/abnomality of physiological/psychological/ anatomical structure or function is", "exp": "According to WHO definitions,\nDisease: Any abnormal condition of an individual that impairs function.\nImpairment: Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function.\nDisability: (Because of impairment,) any restriction or inability to perform an activity in a range considered normal for a human being\nHandicap: A disadvantage for a given individual, resulting from an impairment/disability, that limits/prevents fulfillment of a role considered normal (depending on age, sex, social, cultural factors) for that individual", "cop": 2, "opa": "Disease", "opb": "Impairment", "opc": "Disability", "opd": "Handicap", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "7bb44015-e327-4b4b-b2a8-34f67a79a4e2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Diagnostic power of the test is reflected by", "exp": "The performance of a screening test is measured by its predictive value which reflects the diagnostic power of the test.The predictive accuracy depends upon sensitivity, specificity and disease prevalence. Park 23e pg: 140", "cop": 3, "opa": "Sensitivity", "opb": "Specificity", "opc": "Predictive value", "opd": "Population Attributable risk", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Screening", "id": "b375df7d-43ca-4756-9d4b-74e87d257f54", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A community has 30% below 15years of age and 10% over 65years of age. Dependency ratio is", "exp": "Dependency ratio The propoion of persons above 65 years of age and children below 15 years of age are considered to be dependant On the economically productive age group (15-64 years). The ratio of the combined age groups 0-14 years plus 65 years and above to the 15-65 years age group is referred to as the total dependency ratio. It is also referred to as the societal dependency ratio and reflects the need for a society to provide for their younger and older population groups. The dependency ratio can be subdivided into young age dependency ratio (0-14 years); and old age dependency ratio (65 years and more). These ratios are, however, relatively crude, since they do not take into consideration elderly or young persons who are employed or working age persons who are unemployed. It is given by the formula : Thus, DR = 30%+10%/60% = 0.66 or 66.6% or 66 per 100 DR of 0.66 or 66/100 or 66% implies : 100 earning people in that community will have suppo 166 people (100 themselves and 66 Non-earning dependents on them) Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 535", "cop": 3, "opa": "20%", "opb": "40%", "opc": "66.60%", "opd": "3%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "b539dc72-2019-438a-b406-66b525335c34", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Cycle that is seen in RBCs in malaria", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Sexual", "opb": "Sporogony", "opc": "Exogenous", "opd": "Endogenous", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "1a15f21d-0122-43c6-beac-2de5053891ed", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Structures preserved in functional neck dissection is", "exp": "Ans. is 'b' i.e., Sternocleidomastoid muscle and Internal jugular vein \"In contrast to a radical neck dissection, the internal jugular vein, the spinal accessory nerve, the cervical sensory nerves, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle are preserved unless they are adherent to or invaded by tumor\"- Schwaz Classical Radical neck dissection It involves the removal of following structures i) Cervical lymphatics and lymph nodes ii) Internal jugular vein iii) Accessory nerve iv) Submandibular gland v) Sternomastoid muscle The main disability that follows operation is the drooping of the shoulder due to paralysis of the Trapezius muscle as a consequence of excision of accesory nerve. Modified Radical Neck dissection (Functional neck dissection) --> In this operation all the lymphatics and lymph nodes are removed as in radical neck dissection. The difference is that one or more of the following structures are preserved. i) Accessory nerve ii) Sternocleidomastoid muscle iii) Internal jugular vein", "cop": 2, "opa": "Carotid aery, Vagus nerve", "opb": "Sternomastoid muscle, Internal Jugular vein", "opc": "Spinal accessory nerve, Submandibular salivary gland", "opd": "Neck nodes", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "661076f7-a94b-4181-a3d7-6fa8d466e5f2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Best way to prevent Nosocomial infection", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Wearing mask", "opb": "Hand washing", "opc": "Maintaining distance", "opd": "Frequent Bathing", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ddc0101b-deb6-49db-8bd2-7bde1a9717fb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Mestranol acts as contraceptic by", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Inhibiting FSH secretion", "opb": "Inhibiting tubal motility", "opc": "Inhibiting ascent of sperm", "opd": "Inhibiting Implantation", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "731357b9-db07-49b8-b32b-f45a56b130af", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Amphixenosis is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "T. cruzi", "opb": "Entrobius - vermicularis", "opc": "Anthrax", "opd": "Ascaris lumbricoidis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "58b93493-851c-439e-b21d-2faade78377c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In a demographic cycle, Late expanding stage indicates", "exp": "Death rate declines still fuher and the bih rate tend to fall in third stage of demographic cycle or late expanding stage, but the population continue to grow as bihs exceeds death. Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no: 479", "cop": 3, "opa": "High bih and death rates", "opb": "Decreasing Death Rate and stationary Bih Rate", "opc": "Decreasing Bih Rate and decreasing Death Rate", "opd": "Low Death Rate and Bih Rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "2608c0fd-f4d2-4d47-9525-2617b2a80126", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Yellow fever vaccine is valid for;", "exp": "The term of validity of the yellow fever vaccine ceificate has been changed from 10 years to life long YELLOW FEVER Vaccine- Route of YF vaccine -Subcutaneous Strain used -17 D Site of administration - at inseion of deltoid Dose: 0.5ml (irrespective of age)", "cop": 1, "opa": "Life long", "opb": "10 years", "opc": "5 years", "opd": "20 years", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "FMGE 2019", "id": "6f265540-09ac-44c4-abe8-92743ccb8185", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Quetelet index is", "exp": "Body Mass Index (BMI) is also called as Quetelet index. Ref: Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25 th Ed Pgno : 417", "cop": 3, "opa": "Weight /Height", "opb": "Height/Weight", "opc": "Weight/square of height", "opd": "Height / square of weight", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Non communicable diseases", "id": "e54de7f2-7b2b-4d2a-927c-3af99d786369", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Chronic carrier is seen in", "exp": "A chronic carrier is one who shed infectious agent for indefinite periods Seen in Typhoid, Hepatitis B, Dysentery, Cerebrospinal meningitis, Malaria, Gonorrhoea Reference; Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social medicine; 24th edition; Page no. 101", "cop": 3, "opa": "Measles", "opb": "Whooping cough", "opc": "Typhoid", "opd": "Influenza", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "0137575e-2e3c-417b-804c-a473e9896d3b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most efficient anti­larval measure to prevent urban malaria is", "exp": "In urban areas, Malaria is mainly transmitted by Anopheles stephensi.\nRecommended measures for Urban Malaria contro l: Breeds in man-made water containers in domestic / peridomestic situations such as tanks, wells, cisterns, which are of permanent nature and hence can malaria transmission throughout the year.\nMeasures for Urban Malaria Control:\n\nLids of overhead tanks must be checked and maintained monthly basis; any leakage be repaired immediately (most effective).\nCover-up of underground and open tanks.\nOpen tanks used for animals be dead dried once in week Never to throw any containers in open capable of holding water.\nConstruction sites: Building bye-laws be implemented to prevent fault in designs, water flow on roof, gully traps open tanks for curing be treated with larvicides on weekly basis.\nUnused wells either be closed or treated with larvicides Ornamental tanks, fountains be checked periodically and larvivorous fish be introduced\nPublic health engineers be involved for proper drainage, building designs, periodic flushing of water logged areas and drainage.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Clean drainage and sewerage systems", "opb": "Cover overhead tanks properly", "opc": "Filling cesspools and ditches", "opd": "Cover pits", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "0827d863-ec26-4fe6-8986-2f4ec7815beb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Prevalence of Vitamin A deficiency in a community is assessed as", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Night blindness-10%", "opb": "Corneal ulcer-0.01%", "opc": "Bitot spots-0.5%", "opd": "Decreased serum retinol level-0.05%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "04b6640b-32f0-4d49-a973-91c71c59804e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Registration of bihs should be done", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed", "cop": 2, "opa": "After 21 days", "opb": "Before 21 days", "opc": "Within 15days", "opd": "Within 30 days", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "cc01fb25-e777-4934-a861-042c54514a20", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "'Socialized medicine' concept was first given by", "exp": "Socialized medicine - Free medical care by govt. regulated by professional groups or bodies. Concept given by Russia State medicine -free medical care by govt. Finger printing first given by - India Blindness control first staed by - India Compulsory sickness insurance given by- Germany", "cop": 2, "opa": "India", "opb": "Russia", "opc": "Germany", "opd": "China", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Definition and Concepts in Sociology & Psychology", "id": "75d4f290-63af-4e82-845d-6d0ef766869b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Sullivan's Index is", "exp": "Sullivan's Index : Life expectancy - Duration of disability.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Disability Free Life expectancy(DFLE)", "opb": "Disability Adjusted Life expectancy(DALE)", "opc": "Quality Adjusted Life Expectancy(QALE)", "opd": "Health Adjusted Life Expectancy(HALE)", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "1f72a502-fe4a-474e-ac7e-35763a68c907", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Incubation period of Nipah virus", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed Pg.310", "cop": 1, "opa": "4 -14 days", "opb": "2 - 6 days", "opc": "3 -8 days", "opd": "5 - 10 days", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "84a464ad-bbed-481f-8357-657edfb655ef", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "For the diagnosis of Deep Vein Thrombosis, 2 tests are done together, namely Impedence Plethy smo graphy and leg scanning after injecting 125I fibri nogen. This process will lead to", "exp": "In the given question, 2 tests - Impedence Plethysmography and leg scanning after injecting 125I fibrinogen are done together, for the diagnosis of Deep Vein Thrombosis.\nTherefore these are two tests in done in parallel.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Increasing the positive predictive value", "opb": "Increasing the negative predictive value", "opc": "Increasing the pretest odds", "opd": "Increasing the specificity", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c9a5c855-f2ba-4e83-85b6-9e977eabe11a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Vital statistics in a population include", "exp": "Population Statistics Vital Statistics Population size Bih rate, Death rate Sex ratio Natural growth rate Density of population Life expectancy at bih Depedency ratio Moality rates Feility rates Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno: 532", "cop": 3, "opa": "Sex ratio", "opb": "Age composition", "opc": "Bih rate", "opd": "Dependency rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "08b2aaf0-96ce-4f33-9f87-2e85386d967d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Is a water washed disease", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Malaria", "opb": "Scabies", "opc": "Tsunami", "opd": "Leptospirosis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "5dd4ee8c-952e-46de-aee7-b6088a40b6b6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Vector of trench fever", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Louse", "opb": "Tick", "opc": "Mite", "opd": "Rat flea", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "02c20076-a46d-4ec7-8232-139632b490f7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Semi essential amino acids are", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Tryptophan, Tyrosine", "opb": "Histidine, Arginine", "opc": "Leucine, Lysine", "opd": "Phenylalanine, Valine", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "47d26192-cce9-45b4-a434-5d688d6dec5c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Demographic process does not include", "exp": "Demographic processes 5 processes continuously on work in a population, thus determining its size, composition and distribution Feility. Marriage Moality Migration Social mobility Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 530", "cop": 2, "opa": "Feility", "opb": "Morbidity", "opc": "Moality", "opd": "Social mobility", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Non communicable diseases", "id": "1829d441-a189-4bad-b5f4-511e4b02f03e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The daily extra calorie requirement in first trimester of pregnancy is", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "50", "opb": "150", "opc": "350", "opd": "450", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "40b3ddc7-ff31-4dd9-8e3a-43ae9d229ce1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "General feility rate is a better measure of feility than the crude bih rate because the denominator includes", "exp": "General feility rate is the number of live bihs per 1000 women in the reproductive are group ( 15-44 or 49 years) in a given year GFR = number of live bih in an area during the year X 1000/ mid year female population age group 15-44 (or 49) in the same area in same year General feility rate is a better measure of feility than the crude bih rate because the denominator includes the number of women in the child bearing age rather than the whole population Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 488", "cop": 1, "opa": "15 - 45 years of aged females", "opb": "Midyear population", "opc": "Total women population", "opd": "Married women population", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "ed61802c-f45f-439f-b718-ba40d08c79bb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Calculate positive predictive value of ELISA test for HIV with sensitivity 99%, specificity 99%. Prevalence of HIV in population is 5/1000", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "10", "opb": "70", "opc": "34", "opd": "99", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6d1ad12c-25c3-4a7d-acc4-b40ec18731c4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Maximum Calcium is seen in", "exp": "Ragi Ragi is a popular millet in Andhra and Karnataka. It is the cheapest among millets. Ragi flour is cooked and eaten as porridge. Ragi is rich in calcium Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 652", "cop": 3, "opa": "Jowar", "opb": "Bajra", "opc": "Ragi", "opd": "Sorghum", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and health", "id": "f920f9e7-6135-4d05-8feb-ba966fd00700", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Bagassosis is a pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Coal particles", "opb": "Cotton", "opc": "Sugarcane dust", "opd": "Asbestos", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c22acd8b-f7ee-4d54-8e67-95802183fa17", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most important health status indicator of a country", "exp": "Ans. d (Infant mortality rate) (Ref. Park PSM 22nd/pg. 23, 525)Infant Mortality Rate# The probability of dying in the period from birth to the first birthday.# In reality, newborns are not prospectively observed for deaths occurring up to 1 year of age. Instead, the probability of dying is calculated on the basis of the number of reported infant deaths during a calendar year divided by the estimated number of live births occurring in the same year.# Although it is actually a ratio, the IMR is presented as a \"rate\" per 1000 live births.LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BERTH# The number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of age-specific mortality rates at the time of birth were to stay the same throughout the child's life.# Life expectancy at birth reflects the overall mortality level of a population.# It summarizes the mortality pattern that prevails across all age groups - children and adolescents, adults and the elderly.TOTAL FERTILITY RATE# Number of births that a woman can expect to have during her childbearing years (15-49 years), given current age- specific fertility rates in her population or country.# The TFR is therefore the sum of all age-specific fertility rates at one point in time.HEALTHY LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH# Average number of years that a person can expect to live in \"full health\" by taking into account years lived in less than full health due to disease and/or injury.# Substantial resources are devoted to reducing the incidence, duration and severity of major diseases that cause morbidity but not mortality and to reducing their impact on people's lives.# It is important to capture both fatal and non-fatal health outcomes in a summary measure of average levels of population health.# Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birth adds up expectation of life for different health states, adjusted for severity distribution making it sensitive to changes over time or differences between countries in the severity distribution of health states.Under-five Mortality Rate# Probability that a newborn child will die before reaching his or her fifth birthday (the sum of probabilities of dying in the first, second, third, fourth and fifth years of life).# This cumulative probability is expressed per 1000 live births.# It is meant to estimate the likelihood at the time of birth that a child will not survive to his or her fifth birthday.# Under-5 mortality rate is a leading indicator of the level of child health and overall development in countries.# It is also an MDG indicator.Maternal Mortality Ratio# Maternal death is defined as the death of a woman as a result of pregnancy or childbirth, during pregnancy or within 42 days after delivery.# Classification of a death as a maternal death is highly dependent on a recorded diagnosis or the conduct of a verbal autopsy to ascertain the cause of death.# In practice, the MMR is often an estimate based solely upon the time of death, i.e., death while pregnant or within 42 days after delivery.# The MMR is expressed as the number of maternal deaths per 100, 000 live births over a specified period. This is a measure of the risk of death once a woman has become pregnant.# The Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) defines a maternal death as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes.# Most common cause of maternal mortality in India is PPH.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Life expectancy at birth", "opb": "Maternal mortality rate", "opc": "Total fertility rate", "opd": "Infant mortality rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of Health and Disease", "id": "e546c7de-6a89-4f6e-abc2-07bc131a79a6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "TODAY, failure rate is", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "0-5/100 woman years", "opb": "5-10/100 women years", "opc": "0-1/100 woman years", "opd": "9-20/100 women years", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "aeca977d-0010-4265-95e1-5dfb3b5135e0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "RDA of Retinol during pregnancy", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "500 mcg", "opb": "600 mcg", "opc": "700 mcg", "opd": "800 mcg", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "1aeb842a-f55b-42f6-b227-2195a3bb68be", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Any loss or abnormality of psychological physiological or anatomical stuctures or function", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.e., Impairment o According to WHO definitions, Disease: Any abnormal condition of an individual that impairs function Impairment: Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function Disability: (Because of impairment,) any restriction or inability to perform an activity in a range considered normal for a human being Handicap: A disadvantage for a given individual, resulting from an impairment/disability, that limits/prevents fulfillment of a role considered normal (depending on age, sex, social, cultural factors) for that individual", "cop": 1, "opa": "Impairment", "opb": "Disability", "opc": "Handicap", "opd": "Disease", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "26a5398c-bf1d-4932-be5b-dba3eac94706", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Pack year means", "exp": "(B) 20 cigarettes per day for 1 year# A pack-year is a quantification of cigarette smoking.> 1 pack-year is equal to smoking 20 cigarettes (1 pack) per day for 1 year, or 40 cigarettes per day for half a year, and so on.> Number of pack-years = (packs smoked per day) * (years as a smoker).", "cop": 2, "opa": "10 cigarettes per day for 1 year", "opb": "20 cigarettes per day for 1 year", "opc": "40 cigarettes per day for 1 year", "opd": "50 cigarettes per day for 1 year", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "e3a32ec2-d0de-4659-a2b0-81c9159ccb89", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Xpe MTB/RIF is used in the diagnosis of", "exp": "The Xpe MTB/RIF is a caridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), this automated diagnostic test that can identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) DNA and resistance to rifampicin (RIF).", "cop": 1, "opa": "Tuberculosis", "opb": "Malaria", "opc": "HIV/AIDS", "opd": "HCV", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "3cd35e0c-f097-485c-8aeb-c26a9ba1d7b5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Time taken for any project is estimated by", "exp": "A network analysis is a graphic plan of all events and activities to be completed in order to reach an end objective. Two common types are a) PE (Programme Evaluation and Review Technique)It aids in planning, scheduling and monitoring the project. It allows better communication between the various levels of management.b) Critical path method (CPM)Longest path of the network. If any activity along the critical path is delayed, the entire project will be delayed.Park 23e pg: 872", "cop": 3, "opa": "Work sampling", "opb": "Input Output analysis", "opc": "Network analysis", "opd": "System analysis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health education & planning", "id": "d7e83616-6a7e-473d-8d19-76070a31cb5d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The health indicator obtained by dividing the height by cube root of weight is", "exp": "☆ Ponderal index = height (cm)/cube root of body wgt \n☆ Quetelet's index = wgt (kg)/height square. \n☆ Broca index = height -100 \n☆ Corpulence index = actual wgt/ desirable wgt", "cop": 3, "opa": "Quetelet's index", "opb": "Broca Index", "opc": "Ponderal index", "opd": "Corpulence index", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "eb203c5e-a83e-4b94-8f1c-22321830c249", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In an investigation to study the effect of smoking on renal cell carcinoma, it is observed that 30 out of 50 patients were smokers as compared to 10 out of 50 control subjects. The odd ratio of renal cell carcinoma associated with smoking will be", "exp": "Strength of association in a case control study: Case Control study cannot provide with incidences, so Relative risk cannot be calculated; so in case Control study, we calculate &;an estimate of Relative risk&; known as \"Odds Ratio\" (Cross Product ratio) CORRECT TABLE CONSTRUCTION in a case control study: table will have disease at the top (row) and history of exposure/ risk factor on the left (column). Odds ratio in a 2*2 table for a case control study: Disease present Disease absent Exposure present a b Exposure absent c d Odds Ratio (Cross product Ratio) = ad/bc Thus in the given question, correct table is To Be Constructed First: Renal cell Cancer present (Cases) Renal cell Cancer Absent (Controls ) Exposure to smoking present a b Exposure to smoking absent c d Total a+c b+d Now, total cases of renal cell cancer (a+c) = 50, smoking exposure present(a) = 30 Total controls (b+d) = 50 , smoking exposure present (b) = 10 Therefore, c = = = 20 and , d= = 50-10= 40 Table construction Renal cell cancer present(Cases) Renal cell cancer Absent (Controls ) Exposure to smoking present 30 10 exposure to smoking absent 20 40 Total 50 50 Odds Ratio = ad/bc= 30*40/20 * 10 = 6 Interpretation of Odds ratio = 6; Renal cell cancer cases have 6 times higher odds than controls of having had the history of exposure to smoking. Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno: 81", "cop": 3, "opa": "3", "opb": "0.33", "opc": "6", "opd": "0.16", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "2d1b863a-4ae8-4a32-a3ea-64a2d6c201d3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Approximate magnitude of completed family size is denoted by", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "General fertility rate", "opb": "Total marital fertility rate", "opc": "Total fertility rate", "opd": "General marital fertility rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "98cd1b84-4eeb-41e3-b6e0-94b7bb985b0b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Paradoxical carrier is", "exp": "Types of Carriers Paradoxical carrier- Carrier who gets infected from another carrier Contact carrier- Carrier who gets infected from case Chronic carrier- Carrier for >6 months Incubatory carrier- Carrier who sheds organism even during the Incubation phase Convalescent carrier- Carrier who sheds organism even during Recovery Pseudo-carrier- Carrier of Avirulent organism", "cop": 4, "opa": "who sheds organism even during Recovery", "opb": "who sheds organism even during Incubation period", "opc": "who gets infected from a case", "opd": "who gets infected from another carrier", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "General Epidemiology", "id": "2f716da7-3b59-4627-8a7f-39c52438376f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Foification of foods with specific nutrients as salt with iodine is an example of", "exp": "Primary prevention Primary prevention can be defined as \"action taken prior to the onset of disease, which removes the possibility that a disease will ever occur\". It signifies intervention in the pre-pathogenesis phase of a disease or health problem (e.g.,Low bih weight) or other depaure from health. Primary preventionmay be accomplished by measures designed to promote general health and well-being, and quality of life of people or by specific protective measures. These are discussed in detail elsewhere under \"Mode of Intervention\". Ref: Park 24th Edition. Pgno : 46", "cop": 2, "opa": "Primordial prevention", "opb": "Primary prevention", "opc": "Secondary prevention", "opd": "Teiary Prevention", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "14ab8561-a353-4115-a026-0e7da3211213", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In a community of 3000 people, 80% are Hindus 10% muslims, 5%", "exp": ".", "cop": 2, "opa": "Simple random", "opb": "Stratified random", "opc": "Systematic random", "opd": "Inverse sampling", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "a30ef3dd-f5a8-446f-9aa7-5ca521e61112", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Study of alcohol intake for 20 years and occuring of liver disease is a type of", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Cohort study", "opb": "Case control study", "opc": "Ecological study", "opd": "RCT", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "254c7df4-3e8e-491f-bb10-e7b96be0f001", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Blood bags after blood transfusion are disposed in", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Red bag", "opb": "Yellow bag", "opc": "White container", "opd": "Blue bag", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "be5c25ea-5602-4d0b-88f7-b9b816c1ab76", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Incubation period less than few hours", "exp": "Incubation period of food poisonings:\nFood poisoning - Incubation period\nSalmonella - 12 – 24 hours\nStaphylococcal - 1 – 6 hours\nBotulism - 12 – 36 hours \nCl. perfirengens - 6 – 24 hours\nB. cereus (emetic form) - 1 – 6 hours\nB. cereus (diarrhoel form) - 12 – 24 hours", "cop": 1, "opa": "Food poisoning", "opb": "Hepatitis A", "opc": "Influenza", "opd": "Rabies", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6de45894-1b1e-4380-81cd-f438751c61c1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "According to International Health regulation (IHR) Act, a pregnant woman, with the following duration of pregnancy (in weeks), can’t travel by air to other country", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "20", "opb": "28", "opc": "36", "opd": "32", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "7e9807e2-8ccf-4d65-8ecc-1127cbf6e0c7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Louse Transmits", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Plague", "opb": "KFD", "opc": "Onchocerciasis", "opd": "French fever", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "9439fa1e-410b-4d14-8cdb-a013bd2d6e86", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Pasteurization of milk is done at a temperature of", "exp": "(B) 63degC for 30 min[?]PasteurizationoOriginally designed to eliminate Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Coxiella burnettioInitially 63degC for 30 minutesoHigh-temperature short-time pasteurization (HTST)-Kills pathogens-Lowers bacterial numbers, milk keeps while refrigeratedoUltra-high-temperature pasteurization (UHT)-Milk can be stored with no refrigeration-Super heated steam (temperature goes 74degC to 140deg to 74deg in 5 seconds)oPasteurization used to reduce microbial numbers in milk and other beverages while retaining flavor and food quality of the beverage.oFlash pasteurization (high-temperature short term pasteurization) quick heating to about 72degC for 15 seconds, then rapid cooling.[?]Pasteurization of milk:-Holder (Vat) method: Milk is kept at 63-66degC for at least 30 minutes & then quickly cooled to 5degC. Vat method is recommended for small & rural communities.-High Temperature & Short time (HTST) Method: Milk is rapidly heated to a temperature of nearly 72degC is held at that temperature for not less than 15 seconds & is then rapidly cooled to 4degC.-Ultra-high Temperature (UHT) Method: Milk is rapidly heated usually in 2 stages (the second stage usually being under pressure) to 125degC for a few seconds only. It is then rapidly cooled and bottled as quickly as possible.-Kills and removes all pathogens (100%)-Kills most non-pathogens (99%)-Surviving organisms are spore formers, thermoduric and thermophilic organisms.[?]Milk-borne diseases:oJoint FAO/WHO Expert Committee (1970) on Milk Hygiene classified milk-borne diseases asoInfections of Animals that can be transmitted to man:oPrimary Importance:-Brucellosis-Streptococcal infections-Staphylococcal enterotoxin poisoning-Salmonellosis-Q feveroLesser Importance:-Cow-pox-Foot & mouth-Anthrax-Leptospirosis-Tick-borne encephalitisoInfections primary to man that can be transmitted through milk:-Typhoid & paratyphoid fevers-Shigellosis-Cholera-Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EEC)-Non-diarrhoeal diseases-Streptococcal infections-Staphylococcal food poisoning-Diphtheria-Tuberculosis; Enteroviruses; Viral hepatitisoMethylene blue reduction test: It is an indirect method for detection of microorganisms in mil. The test is carried out on the milk accepted for pasteurization.oPasteurization kills nearly 9% of the bacteria in milk including the more heat-resistant tubercle bacillus & the Q fever organisms. But it will not kill thermoduric bacteria nor the bacterial spores.oDespite pasteurization, with subsequent rise in temperature, the bacteria are bound to multiply. In order to check the growth of microorganisms, pasteurized milk is rapidly cooled to 4degC.", "cop": 2, "opa": "73degC for 20 min", "opb": "63degC for 30 min", "opc": "72degC for 30 seconds", "opd": "63degC for 30 seconds", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and Health", "id": "703247a6-8882-40b4-bdc1-6e258daca074", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "POSCO act related to", "exp": "The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 deals with sexual offences against persons below 18 years of age, who are deemed as children. The Act for the first time defines \"penetrative sexual assault\", \"sexual assault\" and \"sexual harassment\". The Act incorporates child-friendly procedures for repoing, recording, investigation and trial offences. The Act provides for stringent punishments which have been graded as per the gravity of the offence.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Consumer protection", "opb": "Child Protection", "opc": "Women Protection", "opd": "Cigarette Smoking", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Maternal and child care", "id": "70053323-1a6c-452a-b2c6-e4fac80dca99", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Concept of school health was first laid by", "exp": "School Health * Concept first laid by BHORE committee (1946) Guidelines were laid down in detail by RENUKA ROY committee (1961) Kaar Singh committee: Committee on multipurpose workers under health and family planning Mukherjee committee : Basic health should be provided at block level", "cop": 2, "opa": "Renuka Roy committee", "opb": "BHORE committee", "opc": "Kaar Singh committee", "opd": "Mukherjee committee", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "School Health, Geriatrics", "id": "5b8aed15-1a9e-4692-b9d2-209ce5e552db", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The Vitamin A supplement administered in “Prevention of nutritional blindness in children programme” contains", "exp": "Vitamin A solution contains 1 lac IU per ml solution\nVitamin A is given in NIS of India till 5 years age (Recent guidelines)\n\n– At 9 months age: 1 lac IU (1 ml)\n– Every 6 months, till 5 years age: 2 lac IU (2 ml) each\n– Total dose given: 17 lac IU (9 doses).", "cop": 3, "opa": "25,000 IU/ml", "opb": "3 lakh IU/ml", "opc": "1 lakh IU/ml", "opd": "5 lakh IU/ml", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c7086a43-6847-483b-9e47-17d46f6f9540", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Kaplan meier methods is used for", "exp": "The Kaplan-Meier estimator, also known as the product limit estimator, is a non-parametric statistic used to estimate the survival function from lifetime data. In medical research, it is often used to measure the fraction of patients living for a ceain amount of time after treatment.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Survival", "opb": "Prevalance", "opc": "Incidence", "opd": "Frequency", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "f17512f4-464f-454a-82fb-acaef3cb9ff4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Global removal of disease agent refers to", "exp": "Disease control : Is decrease in incidence of disease, so that it is no more public health problem.\nDisease elimination : Complete reduction in incidence of disease in defined geographical area, but organism persists.\nDisease Eradication : Global removal of organism.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Disease control", "opb": "Disease elimination", "opc": "Disease eradication", "opd": "Prevent disease", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "8ec816e6-2a4d-4fa5-bfc9-c11ee1827c57", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The time between entry of the organism and to produce maximum infection is known as", "exp": "Generation Time- The interval of time between receipt of infection by a host and maximal infectivity of that host. The incubation period is used for infections that manifest disease whereas generation time refers to the transmission of infection whether clinical or subclinical. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 100", "cop": 2, "opa": "Lead time", "opb": "Generation time", "opc": "Serial interval lead", "opd": "Incubation period", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "cb09c36b-0992-48b7-8cb3-b522004ac38a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Banglore method is", "exp": "Ans. is 'c' i.e., Anaerobic Composting There are two methods of composting :Banglore method (Anaerobic hot fermentation process) : Alternate layers of refuse and night soil in propoion of 3:1, with refuse layer both as lowermost as well as uppermost (topmost).Indore method or mechanical composting (aerobic process).", "cop": 3, "opa": "Controlled tipping", "opb": "Aerobic Composting", "opc": "Anaerobic Composting", "opd": "Sanitary landfill", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e8a71e54-0c51-4729-86f6-fadeb7fb053b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Data of happy,Moderately happy and Very happy is", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed", "cop": 3, "opa": "Nominal", "opb": "Ratio", "opc": "Ordinal", "opd": "Interval", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "0c596fd2-3b90-40b9-88ab-c6a90f1c297d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Serial interval measures", "exp": ".serial inetrval is the time gap between the onset of primary cases and the secondary cases.by collecting information on the whole series if such onsets,we get a distribution of secondary cases from which we can guess the incubation period of disease. ref:park&;s textbook ,22 nd edition,pg no 96", "cop": 1, "opa": "Incubation period of disease", "opb": "Sensitivity", "opc": "Specificity", "opd": "Positive predictive value", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "3451cf17-bfef-4438-99b7-3dcfc699dc81", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Isolation is done in following case/s", "exp": "Isolation recommended for: Chickenpox Measles German measles Cholera diphtheria Salmonellosis Hepatitis A Influenza Polio Tuberculosis Herpes zoster Mumps Peussis Meningococcal meningitis Streptococcal pharyngitis Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 132", "cop": 1, "opa": "TB", "opb": "Cholera", "opc": "Measles", "opd": "Typhoid", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "a9697b5c-142a-4a1a-b42e-371cd7abf0ec", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "'Lead time' refers to the time between", "exp": ".Park 23e pg: 136", "cop": 4, "opa": "Disease onset and first critical diagnosis", "opb": "Disease onset and first possible point of detection", "opc": "First possible point of detection and final critical point", "opd": "First possible point of detection and usual time of diagnosis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "134eb718-9e38-4d5f-a6ea-1caa33bb1fac", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "'Soiling Index' is an indicator of", "exp": "Ans. b (Air pollution) (Ref. Park Textbook of Preventive & Social Medicine 22nd/pg. 683)SOILING INDEX (Smoke Index) is indicator of air pollution.Other indicators of air pollution are:# SO2# Grit & Dust Measurement# Coefficient of Haze# Air Pollution IndexNote: The best indicators of air pollution are sulphur dioxide, smoke and suspended particles.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Water pollution", "opb": "Air pollution", "opc": "Soil pollution", "opd": "Food pollution", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and Health", "id": "f1e15c77-63ea-42bb-8ea5-9797e654c9dd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Pearson’s Skewness Coefficient is given by", "exp": "• Measures of skewness:\n– Pearson’s mode or First Skewness coefficient = (Mean – Mode)/SD\n– Pearson’s median or Second Skewness coefficient = 3(Mean – Median)/SD\n– Quartile skewness = (Q3 – 2Q2 + Q1)/Q3 – Q1", "cop": 3, "opa": "Mean-Mode/SD", "opb": "Mode-Mean/SD", "opc": "SD/Mean-Median", "opd": "SD/Median-Mean", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "a6b3fab3-fa69-4822-9807-a68830c8cac1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Pulse proteins are deficient in", "exp": "Pulses (legumes) Pulses comprise a variety of grams, also known as dhals. Most commonly eaten pulses are bengal gram (chana), red gram (tuvar or arhar), green gram (mung) and black gram (urd). Others include lentils (masur), peas and beans including soyabean. Khesari dhal (lathyrus sativus), is consumed in pas of Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, excessive consumption of which is associated with lathyrism. Pulses contain 20 to 25 per cent of proteins, which is double that found in wheat and three times that found in rice. II') fact, pulses contain more protein than eggs, fish or flesh foods. But in regard to quality, pulse proteins are inferior to animal proteins. Pulse proteins are poor in methionine and to a lesser extent in cysteine. On the other hand they are rich in lysine. Soyabean is exceptionally rich in protein, containing up to 40 per cent. In addition, pulses are rich in minerals and B-group vitamins such as riboflavin and thiamine. In the dry state, pulses do not contain vitamin C. Germinating pulses, however, contain higher concentration of vitamins, especially vitamin C and B vitamins. Fermentation also modifies the nutritive value of pulses .in that the vitamin content paicularly that of riboflavin, thiamine and niacin is enhanced. Although pulses are called \"poor man's meat\", they are eaten by the rich and poor alike in India. They give variety to the diet and make the food more palatable. Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 649", "cop": 2, "opa": "Lysine", "opb": "Methionine", "opc": "Threonine", "opd": "Tryptophan", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and health", "id": "fdf20fcf-0bd2-4be4-981d-5d4efcb4b9c9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "For emergency contraception IUD must be inserted", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Immediately", "opb": "Within 5 days of coitus", "opc": "Within 7 days of coitus", "opd": "IUD is not used as emergency contraception", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "1bcb38f1-7ebd-4ef7-b9ff-22d4f2a9bd1d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Vagabond disease", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.e., Louse Vagabond's disease is pediculosis eorporis, caused by body louse.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Louse", "opb": "Mite", "opc": "Tick", "opd": "Black Fly", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "31d076f0-21e9-44db-acfc-c61d4289240e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In a slow sand filter, the element responsible for yielding bacteria free water is the", "exp": "Level of hardness is expressed in terms of milliequivalents per litre where one milliequivalent is equal to 50mg calcium carbonate in one litre of water.\nThe level of hardness of hard water is equal to 3-6mEq/L or 150-300 mg/L.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Risk of Guinea worm infection", "opb": "Water is more than depth of 15 meter", "opc": "Where no water source in a distance of 1.6 km from community", "opd": "There is excess of Na+, K+, F+ salts", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "20c5987b-54d0-4abc-bb1d-c5d0448d1cba", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Epidemiological triad does not includes", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Agent", "opb": "Host", "opc": "Environment", "opd": "Time", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "39c3826b-fa11-46ea-9337-6b862de39a16", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The daily requirement of Vitamin D in infants and children is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "2.5 mcg (100 IU)", "opb": "10.0 mcg (400 IU)", "opc": "5.0 mcg (200 IU)", "opd": "20.0 mcg (800 IU)", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e70a6a04-c34b-429b-b8a6-16d16842b836", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Chlorine demand of water is measured by", "exp": "Ans. is 'd' i.e. Horrock's apparatus [Ref: Park 20/e, p 637 (19/e, p 577, 18/e, p 530)1Chlorine demand of water can be estimated by Horrock's apparatus.Chlorine demand of water is the amount of chlorine that is needed to destroy bacteria, and to oxidize all the organic matter and ammonical substances present in water.It is the difference between the amount of chlorine added to the water, and the amount of residual chlorine remaining at the end of a specific period of contact (usually 1 hr), at a given temperature and pH of water.Berkefield filter is a type of ceramic filter which is used for purifying water on small scale.The Double Pot Method provides a constant dose of chlorine to well water during periods of emergency.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Chlorimeter", "opb": "Berkfield filter", "opc": "Double pot method", "opd": "Horrock's apparatus", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and Health", "id": "f88eb825-7aed-4775-afa4-7932383718c7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Study of designing equipment and devices that fit the human body, its movements, and its cognitive abilities is", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Economics", "opb": "Bionomics", "opc": "Socionomics", "opd": "Ergonomics", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "8da4e818-d7f5-411d-be06-752596b99b64", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Indicator of efficacy of hospital services and health programs", "exp": "Case fatality rate - propoion of deaths within a designated population of cases Incidence- It is rate of new cases of diseases occuring with in a period of time Prevalance - It is actual number of cases alive with disease during a period of time. Hence it shows the efficicacy of hospital services and health programs Secondary Attack Rate - It is defined as probability of infection occuring in the susceptible individuals with in a reasonable incubation period following known contact with infected person/source", "cop": 2, "opa": "Case fatality rate", "opb": "Prevalence", "opc": "Incidence", "opd": "Secondary attack rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "1b20c7d6-65ae-4046-aea7-0c864ecb8bd7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Nuclear family consists of", "exp": "The nuclear or elementary family is universal in all human societies. It consists of the married couple and their children while they are still regarded as dependents.Park 23e pg: 683", "cop": 2, "opa": "Husband, wife and son", "opb": "Husband, Wife and dependent children", "opc": "Husband and wife only", "opd": "Father, mother, husband and wife", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Social science, Mental health & Genetics", "id": "89fdc1f7-bd07-43ec-ac38-108ebba9b601", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Single best moality indicator", "exp": "ref: Park&;s 23rd edition pg 58 ASDR(Adjusted Standardised Death Rate): here, age adjustment or age standardisation is made, which removes confounding effect of different age structures and yields a single standardised or adjusted rate, by which the moality experience can be compared directly.", "cop": 3, "opa": "CDR", "opb": "PMR", "opc": "ASDR", "opd": "CFR", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "a3a81f05-1ef0-4eff-a36c-912875a9cf38", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In Chandler Index denominator used is", "exp": "Chandler Index is the average number of hookworm eggs per gram of faeces for the entire community. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 243", "cop": 1, "opa": "Per gram of stools", "opb": "Per 100 gram of stools", "opc": "Average number of eggs", "opd": "Average number of adult worms", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "cbc0f82c-1880-4fb5-bef0-b0613eb6594b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Incidence of TB in a community is measured by", "exp": "Epidemiological indices of TB Incidence of TB infection (Annual infection rate, Annual risk of infection - ARI) : percentage if population understudy who will be newly infected with TB among Non-infected in 1 year Express attacking force of TB in community In developing countries 1% ARI corresponds to : 50 SS +ve cases per 100000 general population. Tuberculin conversion index is the best indicator for evaluation of TB problem and its trend ' in the community Prevalence of TB infection Percentage of individuals who show a positive reaction to standard Tuberculin test. Represent cumulative experience of population in' recent as well as remote infection' with TB Tuberculin test is the only way of estimating the prevalence of infection in a population Incidence of disease Percentage of new TB cases per 1000 population. Reveals trend of problem, including impact of control measures. Is of utility only in countries where high propoion of new cases are detected and notification is reliable Sputum smear examination (AFB) is a reliable method for estimation. Prevalence of disease or case rate Percentage of individuals whose sputum is positive for TV bacilli on microscopic examination Best available practical index to estimate case load in community. Age specific prevalence is most relevant index Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 219-220", "cop": 1, "opa": "Sputum positive", "opb": "Tuberculin test positive", "opc": "Sputum culture positive", "opd": "Mantoux test positive", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "26b982ce-a8ee-41e6-a1a5-2458fc1d0745", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Accoustomed way of doing things", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Belief", "opb": "Opinions", "opc": "Habits", "opd": "Attitude", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b3789380-3ec4-42d5-9894-4213442b71be", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The vital layer in a slow sand filter is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Sand bed", "opb": "Under drainage", "opc": "Zoological layer", "opd": "Supernatant", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "43111615-ec2d-4937-ae66-765d07c943e0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Disease not transmitted by Lice is", "exp": "Ans. is 'c' i.e. Q-fever Lice are vectors of the following diseases:Epidemic typhus - Rickettsia prowazekiRelapsing fever - Borrelia recurrentisTrench fever - Rickettsia quintanaLice itself causes pediculosis which can lead to dermatitis due to scratching and secondary infection.Q-fever is transmitted by soft tick. The causative agent of this disease is Coxiella burnetti.ArthopodsArthropod borne diseases1) Mosquito:1) AnophelesMalaria2) CulexJapanese encephalitis West nile fever Bancroftian filariasis Viral arthritis3) AedesYellow fever DengueDengue haem, fever Chikungunya fever Rift valley fever4) MansonoidesBrugian filariasis2) SandflyKalazar Oriental sore Oraya fever Sandfly fever3) Tse-tse flySleeping sickness4) LouseEpidemic typhus, relapsing fever, trench fever, pediculosis.5) Rat fleaBubonic plague, endemic plague, chiggerosis, hymenolepis diminua6) Black flyOnchocerciasis7) Reduvid bugChaga's disease8) Hard tickTick typhus, viral encephalitis, viral haem. Fever, KFD, Turalemia, tick paralysis, human babesiosis.9) Soft tickQ fever, relapsing fever10)TrombiculidMiteScrub typhus, Rickettsialpox11) Itch miteScabies12) CyclopsGuinea worm disease, Fish tape worm (D. latum)13) CockroachesEnteric pathogens14. HouseflyTyphoid and paratyphoid fever, diarrhoea, dysentery, cholera, gastro-enteritis, amoebiasis, helminthic infestations, poliomyelitis, conjunctivitis, trachoma, anthrax, yaws, etc.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Relapsing fever", "opb": "Trench fever", "opc": "Q-fever", "opd": "Epidemic typhus", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and Health", "id": "5ecf43f2-e6be-4c74-b974-4602826c5156", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Mass chemoprophylaxis is not given for one of the following", "exp": "Ans. d. Scabies Mass chemoprophylaxis is not given for Scabies. To control scabies, only the members of the affected family are treated simultaneously whether or not they appear to be infested. Thus it is given to close contacts only, so it is not a mass prophylaxis Chemoprophylaxis Causal Prophylaxis Complete prevention of infection by early elimination of the invading or migrating causal agent Clinical Prophylaxis It is prevention of clinical symptom. It does not necessarily eliminate infection Lymphatic filariasis DEC (6 mg/kg) is given to almost everyone in the communitydeg, irrespective of whether they have microfilaremia, disease manifestation or no signs of infection except: Children < 2 years of agedeg Pregnant womendeg Seriously ill patients It is given in the endemic areasdeg It is a type of clinical prophylaxis Plague Tetracycline chemoprophylaxis is given to all contacts, medical, nursing and health personnel exposedto the risk of infection During an outbreak, it is given to a large section of community, making it a mass prophylax Vitamin A deficiency To prevent xerophthalmia, Vitamin A prophylaxis is given on a mass scale as a sho term preventive measure", "cop": 4, "opa": "Lymphatic filariasis", "opb": "Plague", "opc": "Vitamin A deficiency", "opd": "Scabies", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "0bc26ee3-056b-4429-b8dd-1d5cfdc9914e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Measles is said to be infectious", "exp": "Measles transmission Measles case is infective 4 days before to 5 days after appearance of rash More commonly seen in winters and early spring in India Incubation period : 10-14 days Only one type of vaccine (Live attenuated) Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 159-162", "cop": 3, "opa": "4 days before appearance of rash", "opb": "After 4 days of rash", "opc": "4 days before and 5 days after rash appearance", "opd": "Only during the incubation period", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "091dcc24-8e94-4141-b6ea-84c377fd2aae", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Mg++ is used in vaccine as", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Stabilizer", "opb": "Preservative", "opc": "Adjuvant", "opd": "Vehicle", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ce265d7a-7c06-45b4-9185-6045545e8e05", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Referral Service Complex of health care delivery is based on the recommendation of", "exp": "Shrivastav committee, 1955 recommended:a)Creation of bands of para-professional and semi-professional health workers from within the community itselfb)Establishment of - Multipurpose health workers and health assistantsc)Development of a 'Referral Service Complex' by establishing proper linkages between the PHC and higher level referral and service centres, viz taluka/tehsil, district, regional and medical college hospitalsd)Establishment of medical and health education commission for planning and implementing the reforms needed in health and medical education on lines of University grants commission.Park 23e pg: 865", "cop": 2, "opa": "Bhore committee", "opb": "Shrivastav committee", "opc": "Katar Singh committee", "opd": "Mudhaliar committee", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health care of community & international health", "id": "9e771395-ec0f-4904-8965-b78340fbceff", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "HIV targeted intervention not done in", "exp": "Targeted intervention - It is a specific package of intervention & services which are given to population those who have either high risk of HIV or those who have repoed high risk of HIV. Groups with high risk of HIV are: Commercial sex workers Injecting Drug Users Truck Drivers Migrant Labour Street children Transgender Adolescents - Hence, option-4 is the answer.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Migrant labourers", "opb": "Street children", "opc": "Long distance truckers", "opd": "Doctors and nursing professionals", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Leprosy, HIV & STDs", "id": "8dd12a92-659a-4bac-84ad-8d754176df31", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "‘3 by 5 Initiative’ was launched in developing countries to combat", "exp": "3 BY 5 INITIATIVE: Launched by WHO and UNAIDS on 1st Dec 2003\n– Target: To provide antiretroviral treatment (ART) to 3 million people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in developing countries by end of 2005", "cop": 1, "opa": "HIV/ AIDS", "opb": "Malaria", "opc": "SARS", "opd": "Tuberculosis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "a6f5af28-3b9b-4205-881e-71802cb4a896", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Pasteurized milk is tested by", "exp": "Ans) a (Phosphatase test Ref Park 20th Edn P569Tests for pasteurized milka) Phosphatase testb) Standard plate testc) Coli form countMethylene blue reduction test- It is an indirect method for detection of microorganisms in milk, and carried out on milk accepted for pasteurization.Methods of pasteurization.Holder (vat) method-in this milk is kept at 63-66degc for at least 30 minutes and then cooled to 5degcHigh temperature and short time methodMilk is rapidly heated to temperature of nearly 72degc is held at that temperature for not less than 15 seconds and is then cooled to 4degc.It is the most widely used method now. Ultra high temperature method (UHT)Milk is rapidly heated usually in 2 stages to 125degc.Thermoduric bacteria and bacterial spores are resistant to pasteurization.OTA test-for detection and estimation of free and combined chlorine in chlorinated water.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Phosphatase test", "opb": "OTA test", "opc": "Nitrate test", "opd": "Nitroprusside test", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and Health", "id": "ade781f6-dcdb-42b1-b25e-24ecf6644c86", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Highest content of lactose is seen in", "exp": "Lactose content of milk : Human > Buffalo > Goat > Coco\nProtein content of milk : Buffalo > Goat > Coco > Human", "cop": 2, "opa": "Buffalo milk", "opb": "Human milk", "opc": "Goat milk", "opd": "Coco milk", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "d4399b17-d61b-454f-919e-e5de5c44513f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Family consisting of a mother and her children is", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Problem family", "opb": "Broken family", "opc": "Dysfunctional family", "opd": "Matrifocal family", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "5857d38f-a72b-402f-8fbd-59ee9a7780e3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "McKneown’s Theory states that reduced prevalence of Tuberculosis occurs due to", "exp": "• Thomas McKeown attributed the modern rise in the world population, AND DECLINE OF TB from the 1700sto the present to broad economic and social changes (especially diet and nutrition – “Nutritional Determinism”) rather than to targeted public health or medical interventions.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Enhanced knowledge and awareness", "opb": "Medical advancements", "opc": "Behavioural modification", "opd": "Social and environmental factors", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "5aed7de5-7b28-4b9a-baa3-ea4ea13bb641", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Leishmaniasis is caused by", "exp": "Ans) a (Protozoa) Ref park 20th edpg 267These type of questions are zero value questions and will gain importance once you make it wrong!!!!!Leishmaniasis are a group of protozoal disease caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania,and transmitted to man by the bite of female phlebotomine sandfly. No further explanation is needed.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Protozoa", "opb": "Bacteria", "opc": "Virus", "opd": "Prions", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable Diseases", "id": "d5e0bb0f-5d56-4aa4-880e-1d4c42bd21da", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "\"White plague\" is", "exp": "In 1700s,TB was called \"White Plague\" due to the Paleness of Patients. Ref: Pg No: 317, IAPSM Textbook of Community Medicine", "cop": 3, "opa": "Pneumonic Plague", "opb": "Bubonic Plague", "opc": "Tuberculosis", "opd": "leprosy", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "b8287635-071b-4829-a328-8078442ffc37", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Incubation period of plasmodium vivax is", "exp": "Ref: Park 24th edition", "cop": 3, "opa": "5-7 days", "opb": "7-10 days", "opc": "10-14 days", "opd": "15-30 days", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "079b4bc2-a96c-43d1-ad45-40deb3307fcb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Main focus of UNICEF is on;", "exp": "UNICEF - United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund It was established in 1946 by the United Nations General Assembly to deal with rehabilitation of children in war ravaged countries. Headquaers- New York GOBI- FFF campaign G- Growth monitoring F- Family planning O- ORS F- Family education B- Breast feeding F- Food supplementation I-immunization", "cop": 1, "opa": "Child health", "opb": "Nutritional health", "opc": "Mental health", "opd": "Social health", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "FMGE 2019", "id": "2d393623-dec9-4f3e-a6ab-b8a681c780fa", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The headquaers of UNESCO is located in", "exp": "UNESCO: ParisUNICEF: NewyorkWHO: Geneva", "cop": 3, "opa": "New Delhi", "opb": "Geneva", "opc": "Paris", "opd": "New York", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health care of community & international health", "id": "de161693-4ef3-4d15-8431-ac37c03d8297", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "An obese lady accountant working in POF hospital Wah Cantt came to the dietician there and took advice for a balanced diet. Dietician told that important point for prudent diet is that", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Unsaturated fats should be less than 10%", "opb": "Dietary fat should be limited to 20-30% of total intake", "opc": "Avoidance of complex carbohydrates", "opd": "Proteins should account for 50-60% of diet", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "cafb46a6-cc70-47d5-b5dd-4a90738a5948", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The time interval between diagnosis by early detection and diagnosis by other means(2004)", "exp": "Ans: bRef: Park, 17th ed, p. 109 & 18th ed, p. 113, 114", "cop": 2, "opa": "Incubation period", "opb": "Lead time", "opc": "Serial interval", "opd": "Latent period", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "75db330a-6431-4ee4-9e8b-1b4b63d89728", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Cafeteria approach is related with", "exp": "Cafeteria approach :\nUnder RCH program, cafeteria approach with basket of choices for contraceptive methods. It includes\n\nCondom.\nIUD.\nOCPs.\nFemale sterilisation.\nMale sterilisation.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Child and maternal health", "opb": "Contraception", "opc": "New born care", "opd": "Non - communication disease", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e2d7be0b-ce56-4995-b2b4-750e7c975bba", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Male contraceptive pill is", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Quinesterol", "opb": "Gossypol", "opc": "Saheli", "opd": "MALA - N", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "3ade08a2-d824-4e78-a632-0a63f9390450", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Hypothyroidism is associated with deficiency of", "exp": "Ans. (b) Iodine* Iodine deficiency leads to hypothyroidism which manifests as goiter.* Due to hypothyroidism, thyroid cells try to compensate it by hyperplasia and hypertrophy of thyroid gland cells (goiter).* Iron deficiency leads to Microcytic anemia (IDA).* Zinc deficiency may manifest with acrodermatitis enteropathica.* Fluorine deficiency/excess manifests with dental caries.Also KnowOptimum level of fluorine in drining water: -0.5 - 0.8 mg per litre.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Iron", "opb": "Iodine", "opc": "Zinc", "opd": "Fluorine", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and Health", "id": "0ef8d575-520a-46b5-9617-08df026e8670", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Secondary attack rate of peussis in unimmunization household contacts of peussis", "exp": "Ans. is 'd' i.e., 90% SAR of some impoant infectious diseases Measles Rubella Chicken pox Peussis Mumps 80% 90 - 95% -- 90% -- 90% 86%", "cop": 4, "opa": "30%", "opb": "40%", "opc": "60%", "opd": "90%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "eae3b67e-8648-4e2e-9c8f-59a92bacf93a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "An old man with hypeension and BP 210/110 mm Hg is classified into Severe hypeension. Scale used is", "exp": "ORDINAL SCALEScale on which data is shown simply in order of magnitude, since there is no standard of measurement of differences - Categories are organized as a continuum - In the given question, If BP is measured as absolute quantified numbers (E.g. BP 210/110), it should be measured on Metric scale If BP is categorized as Mild-Moderate-Severe, it will become Ordinal scale", "cop": 2, "opa": "Nominal", "opb": "Ordinal", "opc": "Interval", "opd": "Ration", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Variables, Scales", "id": "c7ca18c3-73ab-433d-8885-a0aa6ac653bf", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In comparing the moality experience of 2 countries, standardization of rate is done due to differences in", "exp": "Standardized moality ratio (SMR) The simplest and most useful form of indirect standardization is the Standardized Moality Ratio (SMR). In England, it is the basis for the allocation of government money to the health regions of the country. The concept is That the regions with higher moality also have the higher morbidity, and should therefore receive propoionately higher funding to combat ill-health. Standard moality ratio is a ratio (usually expressed as a percentage) of the total number of deaths that occur in the study group to the number of deaths that would have been expected to occur if that study group had experienced the death rates of a standard population (or other reference population). In other words. SMR compares the moality in a study group (e.g., an occupational group) with the moality that the occupational group would have had if they had experienced national moality rates. In this method, the more stable rates of the larger population are applied to the smaller study group. It gives a measure of the likely excess risk of moality due to the occupation. SMR= Observed deaths /Expected deaths X lOO The SMR has the advantage over the direct method of age adjustment in that it permits adjustment for age and other factors where age-specific rates are not available or are unstable because of small numbers. One needs to know only the number of persons in each age group in the study population and the age-specific rates of the national population (or other reference population). It is possible to use SMR if the event of interest is occurrence of disease rather than death Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 59", "cop": 3, "opa": "Cause of death", "opb": "Denominator", "opc": "Age distribution", "opd": "Numerator", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "df7a0034-370b-4861-915c-5372872553f8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "As compared to Cow’s milk, human milk has", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "More proteins", "opb": "Less carbohydrates", "opc": "More iron", "opd": "Less of Vitamins", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "bf42f85e-0323-4fc6-8ff4-a1d6fd6b3be7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "DEC Provocation test is used for", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Malaria", "opb": "Filariasis", "opc": "Guinea worm", "opd": "Yellow fever", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "56b61c27-b82e-4ce4-a0b3-44a5908246c6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug of choice for Diphtheria carriers is", "exp": "Diphtheria:- Clinical features :- * Present as pharyngo tonsillar form (most common), laryngo tracheal form (most severe) and nasal diphtheria (mild form) Control of diphtheria * Cases to be isolated for 14 days * Treatment- cases- Antitoxin * Treatment Carriers - Ehromycin-10 day course Ref:- K Park, 24th ed; pg num:- 171", "cop": 1, "opa": "Erythromycin", "opb": "Tetracycline", "opc": "Amoxycillin", "opd": "Penicillin", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "10e5a478-8d7e-4d5f-aee4-eaefae5e8763", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Vitamin E deficiency is associated with", "exp": "Vitamin E deficiency causes axonal degeneration of the large myelinated axons results in posterior column & spino cerebellar symptoms", "cop": 1, "opa": "Ataxia", "opb": "Cholestasis", "opc": "Hyperkeratosis", "opd": "Pseudotumour cerebri", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "8541a71f-f030-46e6-8ebc-e4868cb92e4c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Frequency distribution is studied by", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.e., Histogram", "cop": 1, "opa": "Histogram", "opb": "Line diagram", "opc": "Pie diagram", "opd": "Ski diagram", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "62d267e2-0b0c-43ef-ae45-f18f67c06cb2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Zinc supplement given in 12 month baby", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "10 mg/day", "opb": "5 mg/day", "opc": "15 mg/day", "opd": "20 mg/day", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "8cdd0f2f-7d2c-408c-a544-8ad0462d5840", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Extended sickness benefit for TB under ESI ACT is", "exp": "REF : PARK 21ST ED", "cop": 3, "opa": "91days", "opb": "1year", "opc": "2 year", "opd": "3years", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "d466550b-fec6-4a48-84e8-df2c60e792ce", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common complication of measles in children", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "SSPE", "opb": "Pulmonary Hypertension", "opc": "Otitis media", "opd": "Oophoritis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "f104d3fe-4433-47d2-94ff-c6d72084171a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Contraceptive efficacy is measured by", "exp": "Contraceptive Efficacy: Is assessed by measuring the number of unplanned pregnancies that occur during a specified period of exposure and use of a contraceptive method. Two methods used are:\n\nPearl Index\nLife table analysis\n\nLife Table Analysis (LTA) as measure of contraceptive efficacy:\n– LTA calculates a failure rate per month of use\n– Better measure than PI", "cop": 1, "opa": "Pearl Index and Life table analysis", "opb": "Pearl Index only", "opc": "Life table analysis and Couple protection rate", "opd": "Pearl Index and Couple protection rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "d7f8b598-d54a-4e6f-b3fc-92ccbecbbf5d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Unit of absorbed radiation is", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Roentgen", "opb": "Rad", "opc": "Rem", "opd": "Sievert", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "88437d91-03c9-4e5d-adc2-7e3566b5818b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "According to Suraksha Clinic in National AIDS Control Program, infant coming with lower abdominal pain, the color code of kit in treatment is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "White", "opb": "Green", "opc": "Yellow", "opd": "Grey", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "f56905eb-3b4c-4e90-88c2-a398954fb013", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Iceberg phenomena is not seen in", "exp": "The only source of measles infection is case. Carriers are not know to occur. So, iceberg phonomena is not seen in measles. Ref : Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition - Pgno 147", "cop": 1, "opa": "Measles", "opb": "AIDS", "opc": "Polio", "opd": "Rubella", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "66daff08-12a5-4605-a6cf-ae1c3d4d5831", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not an experimental study", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "RCT", "opb": "Ecological study", "opc": "Pre - post clinical study", "opd": "Meta - Analysis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "24983e8c-2deb-4313-a12b-3607043ef1df", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Soil acts as a source as well as reservoir for", "exp": "Natural habitat of Clostridium Tetani is soil and dust. The bacilli are found in the intestine of many herbivorous animal eg cattle, horses, goats and sheep Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 339", "cop": 2, "opa": "Rabies", "opb": "Tetanus", "opc": "Typhoid", "opd": "Measles", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "0e35bce8-75c7-4f43-9192-703bb99e5940", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The standard regimen for satisfactory treatment of paucibacillary leprosy consists of", "exp": "WHO Recommended treatment regimens 6-month regimen for Paucibacillary (PB) Leprosy Dapsone Rifampicin Adult50 - 70 kg 100 mgGiven daily 600 mgGiven once a month under supervision Child10 - 14 years 50 mgGiven daily 450 mgGiven once a month under supervision 12-month regimen for Multibacillary (MB) Leprosy Dapsone Rifampicin Clofazamine Adult50 - 70 kg 100 mgGiven daily 600 mgGiven once a month under supervision 50 mgGiven daily AND 300 mgGiven once a month under supervision Child10 - 14 years 50 mgGiven daily 450 mgGiven once a month under supervision 50 mgGiven every other day AND 150 mgGiven once a month under supervision", "cop": 2, "opa": "Dapsone alone for 12 months", "opb": "Dapsone and rifampicin for 6 months", "opc": "Dapsone and clofazimine for 6 months", "opd": "Dapsone and ethionamide for 12 months", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "a5780bb4-3945-4405-a662-c7887b315a3c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Antenatal suppo is not delivered by", "exp": "The special category of &;maternal and child health worker&; at peripheral level is gradually being phased out. A wide range of workers is now considered necessary for maternal and child health work. They include1) Professionals: Specialists2) Field workers: Multi-purpose workers, Health guides, Dais (traditional bih attendants), balsevikas, Anganwadi workers, ASHA3) Members of women organisations.Park23rd edition pg: 556", "cop": 3, "opa": "Anganwadi worker", "opb": "Female Health worker", "opc": "Health supervisor female", "opd": "Traditional bih Attendant", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health care of community & international health", "id": "22ecb725-f2a1-4ad5-9916-d9eb39b62fed", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Population control can be best achieved by", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Education", "opb": "Spacing between pregnancies", "opc": "Early sterilization", "opd": "Nutrition", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "7eeb5206-3c9c-48bc-9bb7-a546bad7ad01", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Incubation period of Hepatitis B virus", "exp": "Incubation Period of Hepatitis B virus is 30-180 days Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 234", "cop": 2, "opa": "8-10 days", "opb": "30-180 days", "opc": "1 year", "opd": "2 years", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "115576e2-6783-4f14-abe0-2e1b2274be9c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Period of isolation for Measles is from", "exp": "The period of communicability is approximately 4 days before and5 days after the appearance of the rash. Isolation of the patient for a week from the onset of rash is sufficient. The rash appears about 4 days after the onset of prodromal stage/ catarrhal symptoms, Hence the best answer in this case would be 1. Incubation period of Measles - 10-14 days Also remember, period of communicability of: Chicken pox : 2 days before & 5 days after appearance of rash Rubella : 4 days before symptoms & 7 days post rash Mumps : 4 days before symptoms & 7 days post rash Influenza : 1-2 days before & after symptoms Diphtheria : 14 - 28 days from onset Peussis : 7 days post-exposure to 3-weeks post paroxysmal stage Meningococcus :Until absent from nasal / throat discharge Polio : 7-10 days before & after symptoms Hepatitis B : Till disappearance of HBS-Ag & appearance of Anti- HBS Ab TB : As long as not treated HIV : Life long Tetanus : NONE.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Onset of catarrhal symptoms to 3 days after", "opb": "Onset of catarrhal symptoms to 7 days after", "opc": "Onset of catarrhal symptoms to 6 days after", "opd": "Onset of catarrhal symptoms to 8 days after", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "General Epidemiology", "id": "0525fc53-e7a2-4e65-8a1c-a767376a060e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Confidence limit is calculated by using", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Mean and standard error", "opb": "Mean and standard deviation", "opc": "Median and standard deviation", "opd": "Median", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "3c554d24-68fc-4022-955e-9285edada267", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Sickness absenteeism is a useful to assess", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25 th Ed", "cop": 3, "opa": "Workers management relationship", "opb": "Working environment", "opc": "Status of the health of the workers", "opd": "Working capacity of the workers", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Hospital waste and disaster management, Occupational health", "id": "0f9b6126-3c96-4185-84f2-b970347fc12a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "If one variable is given then you can find another variable by", "exp": "Regression Analysis *Regression analysis is a mathematical model to describe the effect of 21 Independent variable on a dependent variable *Linear regression describes effect of one independent variable on a dependent variable *Multiple linear regression describes effect A too or more independent variable on a dependent variable *Non linear regression involves more complex mathematical form including logarithmic functions *Logistic regression describes effects of multiple independent Qualitative Quantitative or mixed variable on dichotomous qualitative variable *Regression coefficient in average change in dependent amiable for each unit of independent variable ref: park 21st ed", "cop": 3, "opa": "Coefficient of variation", "opb": "Coefficient of correlation", "opc": "coefficient of regression", "opd": "coefficient of determination", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "2c46d603-a36d-426f-ac5e-ba2df9f916cb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Consistency of screening test depends on", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Sensitivity", "opb": "Specificity", "opc": "Reliability", "opd": "Accuracy", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "39e4a858-a927-4deb-9a0e-c343c144ef44", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In Cu 380A, 380 represents", "exp": "The numbers included in the names of the devices refer to the surface area (in sq.mm) of the copper on the device. Metallic copper has a strong anti-feility effect.Park 23e pg: 496", "cop": 3, "opa": "Number of turns of copper wire", "opb": "Surface area of CuT in sq.mm", "opc": "Surface area of Cu in sq.mm", "opd": "Effective life of CuT in quaers", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "6d9fc696-f78d-4df0-816a-3c4f0431ec24", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The spindle shaped age pyramid denotes", "exp": "Age pyramids The age structure of a population is best represented as shown in the fig: Such a representation is called an \"Age Pyramid\". A vivid contrast may be seen in the age distribution of men and women in India and in Switzerland. The age pyramid of India is typical of developing countries, with a broad base and a tapering top. In the developed countries, as in Switzerland,* the pyramid generally shows a bulge in the middle, and has a narrower base Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 516", "cop": 1, "opa": "Developed country", "opb": "Developing country", "opc": "Underdeveloped country", "opd": "Middle east country", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "742cba14-10e8-416a-a7c8-ae223158401a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Family size is", "exp": "In common practice family size refers to total number of persons in a family In demography, family size means total number of children a woman has borne at a point of time Completed family size indicates total number of children born by a woman in her child bearing age Ref: Parks textbook of preventive and social medicine; Edition 23; Pg no: 485", "cop": 4, "opa": "Total number of family members in the family", "opb": "Total number of female children born in the family", "opc": "Total number of female children in the family considering the moality", "opd": "Total number of children a women has borne at a point of time", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "3407eecd-2b71-4480-bc24-59e9b88792e3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common carcinoma in female worldwide", "exp": "Global cancer incidence in women Breast cancer was the most common cancer in women worldwide, contributing 25.4% of the total number of new cases diagnosed in 2018. The top three - breast, colorectal and lung cancers - contributed 43.9% of all cancers (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer). Cervical cancer was the fouh most common cancer in women, contributing 6.9% of the total number of new cases diagnosed in 2018. Ref: src=\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"314\" />", "cop": 1, "opa": "Breast", "opb": "Cervix", "opc": "Lung", "opd": "Uterus", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Non communicable diseases", "id": "da698219-5f4a-4ed1-9244-3c9c261bd244", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common viral disease affecting parotid glands", "exp": "Mumps is characterised by non suppurative enlargement and tenderness of one or both the parotid glands Reference: Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social medicine; 24th edition; Page no.162", "cop": 1, "opa": "Mumps", "opb": "Measles", "opc": "Rubella", "opd": "varicella", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "e10a2685-cd02-42dc-ac81-838bb013b994", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "World Health Day is observed every year on", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "11-Jan", "opb": "April 7", "opc": "5-Jun", "opd": "1-Dec", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "a5923450-5f6f-475a-85ae-0b91b5b35b90", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Population covered by CHC", "exp": "Ans. (d) 100,000Ref : K. Park 23rd ed. / 907* CHC is community health Centre. It covers 120,000 population in plain areas and 80,000 population in hilly areas.* Since, 120,000 is not in option, 100,000 is the closest and best answer.Also Know* PHC is considered as Primary level of health care is. It is considered as 1st level of contact.* CHC is considered as secondary level of health care and first referral unit.* Tertiary level of health care is delivered through medical colleges and hospitals.Health Care UnitPopulation coveredPlainHilly/Tribal/BackwardCHC120,00080,000PHC30,00020,000MPW50003000AWW400-800300-800ASHA/VHG/TBA1000", "cop": 4, "opa": "5000", "opb": "20,000", "opc": "30,000", "opd": "100,000", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health Planning and Management", "id": "6ec4d249-5b2a-4ae1-9091-1300c66e3dd3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "If API>2, the vector is resistant to DDT, the malathion spray should be done every", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "3 round of malathion every 3 months", "opb": "2 round or malathion every months", "opc": "1 -2 round of malathion every 3 months", "opd": "One round of malathion every month", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "8fd260c9-69fe-4704-ba1e-b03cad0d7c1a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The optimum floor space recommended per adult person in a house", "exp": "Optimum floor space recommended per adult person in a house: 70 – 90 sq.ft. (7 – 9 sq.m.)", "cop": 2, "opa": "101–150 sq.ft.", "opb": "70–90 sq. ft.", "opc": "151–200 sq.ft.", "opd": "201–250 sq. ft.", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "29230530-a10e-4955-a79b-efba72388742", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The Finance Commission derives its authority from the", "exp": "Ref: 25th Ed K.Park's Textbook Of Preventive and Social Medicine", "cop": 1, "opa": "Constitution of India", "opb": "Parliament of India", "opc": "President of India", "opd": "Supreme cou of India", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health education & planning", "id": "8dbc7392-98db-4f9f-b1c7-2f96c5f01a76", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Denominator of crude birth rate is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Number of death children", "opb": "Number of living children", "opc": "Mid year population", "opd": "Total number of crude birth", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "f7a5fc2d-9811-42c1-aeac-5428d5f6fa7a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Cheopis Index used for", "exp": "Flea indices Flea indices are useful measurements of the density of fleas. they are also useful in evaluating the effectiveness of a spraying programme.The following flea indices are widely used in rat flea surveysTotal flea indexCheopis indexSpecific percentage of fleasBurrow indexRef: Park; 23rd ed; Pg.no: 294", "cop": 2, "opa": "Rabies", "opb": "Plague", "opc": "Yellow fever", "opd": "Leishmaniasis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "8df4e5e3-da8e-4e67-a1eb-39a87d1bdf78", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most Impoant component of level of living is", "exp": "Impairment of health always means impairment of the level of living. hence health is the most impoant. Level of living is a parallel term for standard of living used in United Nations. It includes 9 components. Ref : Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition - Pgno 16", "cop": 1, "opa": "Health", "opb": "Education", "opc": "Occupation", "opd": "Housing", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "1c737d8a-a416-4b4c-aa20-a885bfefec07", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Sustainable Development Goals is Designed by;", "exp": "Sustainable development goals are designed by United Nations set in 2015 and intended to be achieved by the year 2030. The five Ps of its agenda are people, planet, prosperity, peace and panership. SDG 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all ages. Goal 3 includes 13 targets covering all major health priorities with four targets on the unfinished and expended millennium development goals.", "cop": 2, "opa": "UNICEF", "opb": "United Nations", "opc": "WHO", "opd": "Government of India", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "FMGE 2019", "id": "a4cb4dad-ae1e-45e7-8ff8-fa10a1d03898", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In a stable situation", "exp": "Ref:Parks 23rd edition pg 61 Prevalence = Incidence x Duration", "cop": 2, "opa": "Incidence = Prevalence x Duration", "opb": "Prevalence = Incidence x Duration", "opc": "Incidence = Prevalence + Duration", "opd": "Prevalence = Incidence + Duration", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "8cffcbb1-bd62-4fcd-b075-f4c60150da94", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Keshan cardiomegaly occur due to deficiency of", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Zinc", "opb": "Copper", "opc": "Selenium", "opd": "Iron", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "dd2ebc0c-14a0-483b-8847-0958a5847b9c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Health guide works at the level of", "exp": "Village health guide (VHG)- Preferably a female, who is the permanent resident of the community and has minimal formal education upto 6th standard. -Training at : PHC (200 hours in 3 months) -Duties of VHGs: 1) Treatment of simple ailments 2) First aid 3) Mother and child health (with Family planning) 4) Health education 5) Sanitation -National target : 1 VHG per village (1000 rural population)", "cop": 1, "opa": "Village", "opb": "Sub - centre", "opc": "PHC", "opd": "CHC", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Rural & Urban Health Centres, Workers, Norms", "id": "b0bf477b-b649-41fc-b70f-b6b89a82edec", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Vitamin D is maximum in", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Milk", "opb": "Cod liver oil", "opc": "Fish fat", "opd": "Eggs", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "9bcdb281-a20f-40df-83e9-5e0d715ce6cd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Jame Lind is related to the discovery of", "exp": "James Lind was a pioneer of naval hygiene in the Royal Navy. By conducting the first ever clinical trial, he developed the theory that citrus fruits cured scurvy. He argued for the health benefits of better ventilation aboard naval ships, the improved cleanliness of sailors&; bodies, clothing and bedding, and below-deck fumigation with sulphur and arsenic. He also proposed that fresh water could be obtained by distilling sea water. Ref : Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition", "cop": 1, "opa": "Prevention of scurvy", "opb": "Etiology of scurvy", "opc": "Pathogenesis of scurvy", "opd": "Diagnosis of scurvy", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "3d156181-a516-430e-a8b2-d2d8fe565b1c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Ujjawala scheme is for prevention of", "exp": "Five impoant components of Ujjawala scheme Prevention Rescue Rehabilitation Reintegration Repatriation UJJWALA Providing LPG connections to women from Below Povey Line (BPL) households. UJJAWALA Prevention of trafficking and Rescue, Rehabilitation and Re-integration of Victims of Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation UJALA Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All. Promote efficient lighting, enhance awareness on using efficient equipment which reduce electricity bills and help preserve environment.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Child abuse", "opb": "Child trafficking", "opc": "Child labour", "opd": "Child marriage", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "FMGE 2018", "id": "6916f9b1-2369-47d7-82f2-2fcf059f89bd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Best for studying the decline in percentage of syphilis in men and women in last 10 years", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed", "cop": 4, "opa": "Pie cha", "opb": "Histogram", "opc": "Frequency polygon curve", "opd": "Line diagram", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "855a2250-9a36-4f5e-b695-eb176f0ee293", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The frequently occuring value in a data is", "exp": "Mode is the commonly occurring value in the distribution of data . Advantages : easy to understand and is not affected by extreme values Disadvantages : exact location is unceain and often not clearly defined Ref : Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition - Pgno. 847", "cop": 2, "opa": "Median", "opb": "Mode", "opc": "Standard detion", "opd": "Mean", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "c4293ad7-4789-4370-8700-9833de50da73", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Primordial prevention is done in a population", "exp": "Primordial prevention aims at preventing the emergence of risk factors. This is the primary prevention in its purest sense, that is, prevention of emergence or development of risk factors in countries or population groups in which they have not yet appeared. Ref: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 24th edition - Page no. 45", "cop": 2, "opa": "With risk factors", "opb": "Without risk factors", "opc": "With low prevalence of disease", "opd": "With disease", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "1a15e330-8e55-4c23-bb37-4568776f5f57", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Protein content in 100 grams of cow milk", "exp": "Ans. is 'b' i.e., 3.2", "cop": 2, "opa": "4.3", "opb": "3.2", "opc": "2.2", "opd": "1.2", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "585bf3be-5901-4e93-bfd0-781f9f8388bb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The most suitable measure for assessing the etiological role of a factor in a disease is", "exp": "The relative risk (RR) or risk ratio is the ratio of the probability of an outcome in an exposed group to the probability of an outcome in an unexposed group. It's a direct measure of the association between suspected cause and effect. Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 86", "cop": 1, "opa": "Relative risk", "opb": "Case fatality rate", "opc": "Attributable risk", "opd": "Population attributable risk", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "85bce51b-8423-41a0-991f-acd51616047a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Loss of inter personal communication is managed by", "exp": "Ref: 25th Ed K.Park's Textbook Of Preventive and Social Medicine", "cop": 3, "opa": "Group conselling", "opb": "Individual counselling", "opc": "Check telecommunications", "opd": "Improving language", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health education & planning", "id": "7167be54-7d45-4ebc-96af-ccc981ce271e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Blood bags are discarded in", "exp": "ref : park 21st ed", "cop": 1, "opa": "yellow", "opb": "black", "opc": "red", "opd": "white", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "147e0b09-1593-4870-9f6b-086f119417b3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Occurence of disease in excess of expected frequency is known as", "exp": "Endemic: refers to the constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a given geographic area or population group without impoation from outside. Exotic: diseases which are impoed into a country in which they do not otherwise occur as for example rabies in the UK . Epizootic: an outbreak of the disease in an animal population. Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 101", "cop": 2, "opa": "Endemic disease", "opb": "Epidemic disease", "opc": "Ecdemic disease", "opd": "Sporadic", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "5f143f26-6adb-4833-8e7f-cb131c66b290", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Main purpose of Randomisation is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "To eliminate selection Bias", "opb": "To remove confounding factor", "opc": "For good results", "opd": "To eliminate Analysis Bias", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "fab0fc65-9075-4f02-81b7-10dacc462f90", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Iodized salt in iodine deficiency control programme is", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Secondary prevention", "opb": "Primary prevention", "opc": "Tertiary prevention", "opd": "Primordial prevention", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "632f7c33-ccb0-4bbc-ba4d-6bf42ebddd87", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Vaccine(s) not to be frozen is/ are", "exp": "DPT vaccine should not be frozen. They should be stored in a refrigerator between 2 to 8 deg. The vaccine should be used before expiry indicated on the l (refer pgno:162 park 23 rd edition)", "cop": 3, "opa": "BCG", "opb": "OPV", "opc": "DPT", "opd": "Measles", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "00ca45c6-fdbd-4a9c-acb0-128e8241bebb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The most predominant type of polio virus during epidemics is", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.e., Type I Poliomyelitis o Poliomyelitis is an acute viral infection caused by poliovirus. o There are three types of polioviruses - Type 1 --> Most common and causes most epidemics Type 2 Type 3 o No serotype - 2 (type -2) poliovirus has been detected anywhere in the world since 1999, type 1 and type 3 have been detected. o Peculiar features of different types of virus - Most common cause of epidemic --> Type 1 Most difficult to eradicate --> Type 1 Vaccine induced paralytic polio --> Type 3 Most commonly associated with paralysis Type 3 Most effective antigen --> Type 2", "cop": 1, "opa": "Type I", "opb": "Type II", "opc": "Type III", "opd": "Combined infection of II & III", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e0af318f-ff62-43f4-97d4-2fe927fae223", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Savlon contains", "exp": "Savlon is a combination of cetavlon and hibitane. Plastic appliances can be disinfected by keeping them in normal strength savlon for 20 minutes. Savlon 1 in 6 spirit is more effective than savlon in 1 in 20 aquous solution Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 141", "cop": 1, "opa": "Cetrimide + Chlorhexidine", "opb": "Cetrimide + Chlorhexidine + butyl alcohol", "opc": "Cetrimide + butyl alcohol", "opd": "Cetrimide + cetavlon", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "2b41ea99-bd94-4992-8a61-bd23561ec0f9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Convalescent case of cholera remains infective for", "exp": "CONVALESCENT CARRIER of cholera The patient who has recovered from an attack of cholera may continue to excrete vibrios, during his convalescence for 2-3 weeks. Convalescent state has been found to occur in patients who have not received effective antibiotic treatment. The convalescent carriers can often become chronic or long-term carriers. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 230", "cop": 2, "opa": "10-14 days", "opb": "14-21 days", "opc": "7 days", "opd": "Less than 7 days", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "4de221d1-56c8-472b-9d7a-2baf8fd45efa", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "UNICEF stands for", "exp": "UNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund) was established in 1946 to deal with the rehabilitation of children in war-ravaged countries After emergency functions were over, general assembly gave it a new name \"U.N Children's fund\" retaining same initials.In early years, UNICEF and WHO worked together on urgent problems such as malaria, tuberculosis and venereal diseases. Later its assistance to countries covered such fields as maternal and child health, nutrition, environmental sanitation, health centres, health education and programmes which would directly or indirectly benefit child health.Park 23e pg: 922", "cop": 1, "opa": "United nations international children's emergency fund", "opb": "United Child educational fund", "opc": "United nations international children's fund", "opd": "United children evoking fund", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health care of community & international health", "id": "34aa3153-8a12-4de2-83fe-8d43195611d1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Best way to control house fly", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "DDT", "opb": "Pyretheum", "opc": "Mosquito net", "opd": "Climination of breading places", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "88e2f2ea-0cdb-4d67-aa2f-7498d3f10bf7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Nearly 3/ 4th of occupational cancers are", "exp": "Nearly 75% of occupational cancers are skin cancers.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Lung Cancer", "opb": "Skin Cancer", "opc": "Cancer Bladder", "opd": "Leukemias", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "7bf954f3-5a83-4f0d-a402-c6d542031d80", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Process of deflouridation of water is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Nalgonda technique", "opb": "Soaking", "opc": "Sand filter", "opd": "Parboiling", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "aeeb3daa-4999-4b6b-9d76-2ae2778f1dcb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not a primordial prevention", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Exercise", "opb": "Good nutrition", "opc": "No smoking", "opd": "Screening for Hypertension", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "169b86ab-9435-4e9c-9526-559dc23bf16a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A person wants to study a disease &;x&; and fat consumption. He obtained data for number of people affected with &;x&; from the government and the details of fat consumption from food industry. Type of study is", "exp": "Ecological (correlations) study. Unit of study is population (results not applicable to individuals). Done in a small time frame. It is inferior to coho and case control. Reference: Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine,K.Park,21st edition,page no:59 & 22nd edition, pg no.60.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Ecological study", "opb": "Cross sectional study", "opc": "Pesiological study", "opd": "Experimental study", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "93be2b40-b8e6-45c4-8791-240bd8ca7bfc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Contraceptive of choice in a women with Rheumatic heart disease.", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "OCPs", "opb": "Progesterone only pills", "opc": "Condom with spermicidal jelly", "opd": "IUCD", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "514b7f0e-2f5b-428a-89e6-cd0dfce8525f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "An indicator is said to valid if", "exp": "Ans) b (It measures the thing.. ) Ref park 20th ed p 226The term validity refers to what extent the test accurately measures which it purports/ intended to measure.Validity expresses the ability of a test to separate or distinguish those who have the disease from those who do not have.Validity has two components - Sensitivity and specificitySensitivity and specificity together with \"predictive accuracy\" are inherent properties of a screening test.", "cop": 2, "opa": "It also measures the thing it didn't suppose to measure", "opb": "It measures the thing it expected to measure", "opc": "Over value when measured by different method", "opd": "Under value when measured by different method", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "62c4a958-74be-414f-9638-183e78e60976", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Pearl Index of SAHEIL", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "2/HWY", "opb": "14/HWY", "opc": "0.1/HWY", "opd": "9/HWY", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "369ba010-d93d-4446-8f30-579f3c733b28", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In Crude death rate the population is taken as on", "exp": "Ref: Parks 23rd edition pg 57 Mid year population is considered. Hence July 1st is taken.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Ist March", "opb": "I st July", "opc": "Ist April", "opd": "15th August", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "384301b5-e53a-4bb2-b3ed-68f0c8eb4fdf", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The regression between height and age follows y=a+bx. The curve is", "exp": "Ans. is 'c' straight line Regression:If two variables are highly correlated, it then becomes possible to predict the value of the dependent variable from the value of the independent variable by using regression technique .Regression analysis is the mathematical modelling to describe the effect that one or more independent variables have on a dependent variable.Types:Linear regression: The value of one variable (X) is used to predict the value of the other variable (Y) by means of a simple mathematical formula. In linear regression the dependent variable (Y) depends upon a single independent variable (X).The linear regression equation takes the form as the equation for any straight line. y = a + bx where - a = is a constant k/a intercept constant b = is the regression coefficient x = is the independent variable.y = is the dependent variable whose value is to be found out.Multiple regression: More than one variable is used to predict the expected value of Y.Y = a + b1X1 + b2x2 +b1x1 where a = intercept constantb = regession coefficient for independent variable X1 eg. Rubin found that the birth weight of a baby (Y in grams) can be partially predicted from the no. of cigarettes smoked on the daily basis by both the baby's mother and the baby's father (X2). According to multiple regression equation Y = 3385 - 9x1 - 6x2Nonlinear regression: Involves more complicated mathematical forms, including logarithmic functions.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Hyperbola", "opb": "Sigmoid", "opc": "Straight line", "opd": "parabola", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "4c04d1d2-748a-42c0-8415-5455d3c338f5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Pearl index is defined as", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Accidental pregnancies per 1000 women-years of exposure", "opb": "Accidental pregnancies per 100 women-years of exposure", "opc": "Accidental pregnancies per 10 women-years of exposure", "opd": "Accidental pregnancies per women-years of exposure", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "25bcace0-6480-498d-90a8-68293c6768e1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug of choice for Prophylaxis against Diphtheria is", "exp": "Control of Diphtheria Prophylaxis of Diphtheria Erythromycin Non-immunized contacts Prophylactic Penicillin/Erythromycin + 1000-2000 units antitoxin + active immunization DOC for carriers Erythromycin DOC for cases Penicillin/Erythromycin (given along with anti-toxin)", "cop": 3, "opa": "Ciprofloxacin", "opb": "Amoxycillin", "opc": "Erythromycin", "opd": "Cotrimoxazole", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Intestinal Infections, Worm Infestations", "id": "c1f573c7-f03e-47f7-81f9-a44622570018", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "PAP smear is an example of", "exp": "Ans. (a) Early diagnosis and treatmentRef : K. Park 23rd ed. / 41, 370* Pap smear is a screening test for cervical cancer. It is an example of secondary level of prevention. The mode of secondary level of prevention is by early diagnosis and treatment.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Early diagnosis and treatment", "opb": "Health promotion", "opc": "Specific protection", "opd": "Disability limitation", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of Health and Disease", "id": "8b3947c7-3f3c-46aa-af66-4f8d76086d46", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "As per National Immunization Program, route of administration of BCG vaccine is", "exp": "As per National Immunization Programme, route of administration of BCG vaccine is intradermal. Site - left upper arm. Dose 0.1 ml (0.05 ml until 1 month age) Ref: PARK&;S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE 23rd edition pg 123", "cop": 4, "opa": "Subcutaneous", "opb": "Intramuscular", "opc": "Oral", "opd": "Intradermal", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health programmes in India", "id": "dae21c92-405b-4968-9232-e2dfc66c1021", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Randomized controlled trials are", "exp": "Experimental studies intervention studies include: Randomized control trials Field trials Community trials Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 70", "cop": 1, "opa": "Clinical trials", "opb": "Preventive trials", "opc": "Before and after comparison studies", "opd": "Evaluation of Health services", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "c8821ebc-a0ab-4467-8193-b8317362c8d8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Recommended iodine dose in pregnancy is", "exp": "The daily requirement of iodine for adults is placed at 150micrograms. The recommendation of WHO of 250mg per day for iodine during pregnancy have also been adopted. This amount is normally supplied by well-balanced diet and drinking water except in regions where food and water is deficient in iodineRef: Park; 23rd ed; Pg 624", "cop": 4, "opa": "75mcg", "opb": "100mcg", "opc": "150mcg", "opd": "250mcg", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and health", "id": "3d0f5be7-f1e5-4883-969a-62ffcb0ed90a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Treatment for pertussis contacts children for", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Prophylactic antibiotic for 11 days", "opb": "Prophylactic antibiotic for 14 days", "opc": "Prophylactic antibiotic for 12 days", "opd": "Prophylactic antibiotic for 10 days", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "a19c4648-80f1-437f-8ad0-329180e3a9eb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Sample registration survey is conducted every", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed", "cop": 1, "opa": "6 months", "opb": "1 year", "opc": "10 years", "opd": "2 years", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "0e27e9be-91ab-41d3-bb2d-9fed674ef366", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The best indicator to determine maximum benefit to the community through preventive intervention strategies is", "exp": "Attributable risk is the difference in the rate of a condition between an exposed population and an unexposed population. It is calculated in coho studies, where individuals are assembled on exposure status and followed over a period of time.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Relative risk", "opb": "Attributable risk", "opc": "Absolute risk", "opd": "Odds ratio", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "7d0c85fb-9f83-4f78-be9d-cf24e6575e36", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Social Deviance among the following is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Suicide", "opb": "Illiteracy", "opc": "Migration", "opd": "Child abandoning", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c9db943a-f988-4e84-9af5-abe2e52521e4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Sampling method used in assessing immunization status of children under immunization programme is", "exp": "Ans. is 'd' i.e., Cluster sampling o In the Expanded programme on Immunization (EPI) cluster technique, a simplified cluster sampling method is used. It is based on ranodm selection of 210 children who are 12-23 months of age. These patients are selected in 30 clusters of 7 children each to estimate immunization coverage levels.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Systemic sampleing", "opb": "Stratified sampling", "opc": "Group sampling", "opd": "Cluster sampling", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "7b5477c1-941c-4a04-ae5b-5853909ca344", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Water based disease is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Dracunculiasis", "opb": "Scabies", "opc": "Typhoid", "opd": "Malaria", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "7a2ca0b1-f65d-416e-98aa-18cd2d3531db", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Waterlow's classification is used in", "exp": "A. i.e. (Protein energy malnutrition) (508 - Park, 554- Park 20th)CLASSIFICATION OF PEM1. GOMEZ' classification * Based on weight retardation* Prognostic value for hospitalized childrenWeight for age(%)Weight of the child-----------Weight of a normal child of same agexl00* Between 90 and 110%* Between 75 and 89%* Between 60 and 74%* Under 60%: Normal nutritional status: 1st degree, mild malnutrition: 2nd degree moderate malnutrition: 3rd degree - severe malnutrition 2. WATERLOW'S Classification* When a child's age is known, measurement of weight enables almost instant monitoring of growth; measurements of height assess the effect of nutritional status on long term growth m = mean , SD = Standard deviation3. ARM- CIRCUMFERENCE - a relatively reliable estimation of the body *s muscle(i) Arm circumference exceeding 13.5 cm - Satisfactory nutritional status(ii) Arm circumference between 12.5 - 13.5 - Mild to moderate malnutrition(iii) Arm circumference below 12.5 cm - Severe malnutrition* Dharmendra's index and Jopling classification deals with leprosy**", "cop": 1, "opa": "Protein energy malnutrition", "opb": "Low birth weight", "opc": "Xerophthalmia", "opd": "Nutritional anemia", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and Health", "id": "250bb6b5-5a95-4588-947d-d7070d7d2ff9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Dengue hemorragic fever occurs in", "exp": "Ans) c (When type 2 infects a...) Ref park 20th ed p 218-221Dengue haemorragic fever (DHF) is a severe form of dengue fever caused by infection with more than one dengue virus.At least there are four serotypes of dengue virus (1,2,3 and 4)DHF is thought to be due to double infection with dengue viruses - the first infection probably sensitises the patient. While the second appears to produce an immunological catastrophe.Dengue fever is transmitted by Aedes mosquito . Transmission cycle is \"man- mosquito-man\" type.Bleeding manifestations are not seen in classical dengue fever. It is usually seen in Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and Dengue shock syndrome(DSS).There is haemoconcentration instead of hemodilution in DHF and DSS due to plasma leakage and thrombocytopenia which results in abnormal hemostasis.Usual rash seen in dengue fever is a maculopapular or scarlentiform rash seen on 3rd or 4th day of disease.lt is accompanied by itching and hyperaesthesia.lt last for 2 hrs to several days and may be followed by desquamation. (Refer Q137 Kerala 2009, Q125 kerala 2008for fur-ther explanation)", "cop": 3, "opa": "Malnourished patients", "opb": "Immunocompromised patients", "opc": "When type 2 infects a previously infected person", "opd": "Persons having high grade fever", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable Diseases", "id": "bc27633a-1f1d-471d-bb38-798f63ae6636", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The vital layer of slow sand filter is", "exp": "Elements of slow sand filter: supernatant or raw water (1-1.5 metre) a bed of graded sand an under-drainage system a system of filter control valves The surface of the sand bed gets covered with a slimy growth known as \"Schmutzdecke\", vital layer, zoological or biological layer. The formation of the vital layer is called ripening. It is the hea of the slow sand filter Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 25th edition, Page No. 772", "cop": 3, "opa": "Sand bed", "opb": "Under drainage", "opc": "Zoological layer", "opd": "Supernatant", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "b61166f2-c288-44fb-8c6f-c81af85d3484", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Conventional contraceptives are", "exp": "Conventional contraceptives are those methods that require action at the time of sexual intercourse Examples are condom, spermicide etc. Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 494", "cop": 3, "opa": "IUCD", "opb": "Coitus iterruptus", "opc": "Condom", "opd": "OCP", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "ceddde1c-36a2-4497-90e2-be887b7afe30", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Quarantine is related to", "exp": "Quarantine has been defined as the limitation of freedom of movement of such well persons or domestic animals exposed to communicable diseases for a period of time not longer than the longest usual incubation period of the disease in such manner to prevent effective contact with those not exposed. ( refer pgno:121 park 23 rd edition)", "cop": 2, "opa": "Minimum incubation period", "opb": "Maximum incubation", "opc": "Serial interval", "opd": "Generation time", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "1dd8d432-11d7-4c61-8ec8-f485c3cb01b1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Emporiatrics refers to study of", "exp": "Travel medicine or ‘Emporiatrics’ is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention and management of health problems of international travelers.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Occupational disease", "opb": "Air pollution", "opc": "Health of travelers", "opd": "Environmental factor", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "cd1bd1b4-2b81-40f5-910e-79acd11f6ff0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Community health centre covers a population of", "exp": "Community health centres were established by upgrading the primary health centres.Cover the population of 80000-1.2 lakh (one in each community development block) with 30beds and specialists in surgery, medicine, obstetrics and gynaecology and paediatrics.Park 23e pg: 907", "cop": 4, "opa": "20000", "opb": "40000", "opc": "60000", "opd": "80000", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health care of community & international health", "id": "f9d357bf-316c-4307-8f99-d2e0ca05c31a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Spectrum of IDD cretin does not include", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Still births", "opb": "Hyperactivity", "opc": "Deafness", "opd": "Delayed development", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "79b86003-209e-4b1b-8407-e0990e5ac2c0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Best cha to represent incidence of disease over a period of time", "exp": "Line diagram:- Trend of a event over a period of time and scatter plot relationship between two quantitative variables Ref:- K Park, 24th ed; pg num:- 883", "cop": 3, "opa": "Bar cha", "opb": "Scatter plot", "opc": "Line diagram", "opd": "Histogram", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "08ad268e-afec-4b74-a384-dde22bead047", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Headquarters of UNICEF is at", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "New York", "opb": "Geneva", "opc": "Rome", "opd": "New Delhi", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "5d669410-faa9-4964-952f-ffc786c3314b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The time interval between invasion of the infection agent and appearance of the first sign or symptom", "exp": "An infection becomes apparent only after a ceain incubation period which is defined as the time interval between invasion by an epidemiological agent and the appearance of first sign or symptoms. During the incubation period, the infectious agent undergoes multiplication in the host. Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 107", "cop": 2, "opa": "Serial interval", "opb": "Incubation period", "opc": "Quarantine", "opd": "Period of infectivity", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "02ec2961-eb31-4416-9bfc-28dae7bdce62", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "To achieve Net Reproduction Rate of 1, the couple protection rate should be", "exp": "Ans. c (60 %) (Ref. Park PSM 22nd / pg. 454)# Net reproduction rate (NRR)=1 can be achieved only if the CPR exceeds 60%.ELIGIBLE COUPLES (EC)# Refers to a currently married couple wherein the wife is in the reproductive age (15^45 years).# At least 150-180 such couples per 1000 population in India.# 20% of EC are found in the age group 15-24 yrs.# There are about 169 million couples in country (31/3/99).# Average 2.5 million EC are joining the reproductive group every year.COUPLE PROTECTION RATE (CPR)# It is an indicator of the prevalence of contraceptive practice in the community.# It is defined as the percent of eligible couples effectively protected against childbirth by one or the other approved methods of family planning.# Sterilization accounts for over 60% CPR.# During 2002-2003, total number of family planning acceptors by all the methods below was there but about 54% eligible couples are still unprotected:1. Sterilization -4.73 million2. IUD insertion -6.11 million3. Nirodh/Condom users -16.54 million4. Oral pill users -8.24 million", "cop": 3, "opa": "50%", "opb": "55%", "opc": "60%", "opd": "65%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and Family Planning", "id": "2abfddf3-d5af-4988-9c6b-45f495a10b44", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Disability certificate is given for poor vision if visual acuity is 4/60, in tune of visual impairment as a percentage", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "1", "opb": "0.75", "opc": "0.3", "opd": "0.4", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "91c7320b-c201-47e0-a43c-6a54bcee6351", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Level of hardness in soft water", "exp": "Soft water: < 1 mEq/LModerately hard: 1-3 mEq/LHard water: 3-6 mEq/LVery hard water: >6 mEq/LPark 23e pg: 727", "cop": 1, "opa": "< 1meq/L", "opb": "1-3meq/L", "opc": "3-6meq/L", "opd": ">6meq/L", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "b4054e0c-a3da-44db-a9c6-06af9bb676c4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The magnitude of completed family size can be obtained from", "exp": "Total feility rate represents the average number of children a woman would have if she were to pass through her reproductive years bearing children at the same rate as the women now in each age group.This measure gives an approximate magnitude of &;completed family size&;(Ref:- Park. 23rd ed. Page no 489)", "cop": 4, "opa": "Pregnancy rate", "opb": "General marital feility rate", "opc": "Gross reproductive rate", "opd": "Total feility rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "b1acd325-c12f-4234-acaa-b46dfcbca459", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Endemic ascites is caused by", "exp": "The population that subsist on the millet Panicum miliare, may get contaminated with weed seeds of Crotalaria (Jhunjhunia).Jhunjhunia seeds were found to contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids which are hepatotoxins, cause Endemic ascitesPark23e pg: 658", "cop": 3, "opa": "Aflatoxin", "opb": "Sanguinarine", "opc": "Pyrrolizidine alkaloid", "opd": "Ergot alkaloid", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and health", "id": "409f5be8-b184-41b9-9978-0055ee771a25", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Maximum recommended number of students in a school class room", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "30", "opb": "35", "opc": "40", "opd": "50", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "4b894a67-9ac2-4932-9104-67703e87f00a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "If Two screening tests are used in Series, then there will be", "exp": "Screening tests in series: A population is subjected to one screening test followed by a second screening test ; 2nd screening test is applied only in those in which the 1st screening test is positive. - In this, Combined values of Sensitivity decreases Specificity increases PPV increases NPV decreases", "cop": 2, "opa": "Increased sensitivity and decreased specificity", "opb": "Increased specificity and decreased sensitivity", "opc": "Increased sensitivity and increased specificity", "opd": "Decreased sensitivity and decreased specificity", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, NPV", "id": "fba6cccf-04f3-4a0c-afe9-0af2e3d66658", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "If mean is less than the median, than the data is said to be", "exp": "Ans. is 'b' i.e. Negatively skewed Relationship among the three measures of central tendency (ie mean, median and mode) in a skewed curve is an oft repeated question.Lets first see what skewed distribution curve is.* An asymmetrical distribution curve can be of two types:Positive skewed distribution curveNegative skewed distribution curvePositive (or right) and negative (or left) skewed curves are recognized by the location of the tail of the curve (not by the location of the hump - a common error)Positive or Right skewed distribution curve * there curves have a relatively large number of low scores and a small no of very high scores the mean lies towards the extreme right of the curve Negative or left skewed distribution curve.there curves have a large number of high scores and a relatively small number of low scores the mean lies towards the extreme left of the curve.Now lets see the measures of central tendency.Modeis the most frequently occurring valueit lies at the peak of the hump.Meanis the arithmetic averageit is greatly influenced by the relatively small number of very high or very low scoresit liestowards the extreme right in a right (Positive) distribution curve andtowards the extreme left in a left (negative) distribution curve.Medianis the middle valueit lies b/w the mean and mode dividing the curve into two equal halves.Relationship b/w the measures of central tendency* In a symmetrical curveMean = Median = Mode* In a Positive (Right) skewed curveMean > Median > Mode* In a Negative (left) skewed curveMean < Median < Mode", "cop": 2, "opa": "Positively skewed", "opb": "Negatively skewed", "opc": "Equitable distribution", "opd": "Normal distribution", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Measures of Central Tendency and Distribution", "id": "60daf22f-aa2c-4ac9-9574-da5cc4912fc2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Isolation is strictly recommended for", "exp": "Isolation has a distinctive role in the control of some infectious diseases Diphtheria Cholera Streptococcal respiratory disease Pneumonic plague Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 132", "cop": 4, "opa": "Mumps", "opb": "Measles", "opc": "Hepatitis A", "opd": "Pneumonic plague", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "ff95e648-de05-4ad4-b42b-d8eaf7bd7fd5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "CBNAAT is", "exp": "Caridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test Ref: Park 25th Edition;Pg. No:197", "cop": 4, "opa": "Category Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test", "opb": "Case Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test", "opc": "Clinical Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test", "opd": "Caridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "8267702f-a5eb-4319-b873-06012d29f218", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Calculate positive predictive value of ELISA test for HIV with sensitivity 99%, specificity 99%. Prevalence of HIV in population is 5/1000.", "exp": "Ref :Parks 23rd edition pg139 Construct a 2x2 table using the above data. 4.95 9.95 0.05 985.05 PPV = TP / (TP + FP) = 4.95/(4.95+9.95)=0.34", "cop": 3, "opa": "10", "opb": "70", "opc": "34", "opd": "99", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Screening", "id": "441d5069-d93f-4ee3-af1c-e04482fc9184", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Inanimate objects of transmission is regarded as", "exp": "Ans) b (Fomite) Ref park 20th ed pg 94Fomites are inanimate articles or substances other than water or food contaminated by the infectious discharges from a patient and capable of harbouring and transferring the infectious agent to ahealthy person.Fomites include linen, handkerchiefs, towels etc.. The fomites play an important role in indirect infection.Diseases transmitted by fomites include diphtheria, typhoid fever, bacillary dysentery, Hepatitis A, eye and skin infections.Vector is defined as an arthropod or any living carrier that transports an infectious agent to a susceptible individual.Vehicle borne transmission implies transmission of the infectious agent through the agency of water, food, ice, blood, serum, plasma, or other biological products such as tissue and organs.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Vector", "opb": "Fomites", "opc": "Vehicle", "opd": "Droplet", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable Diseases", "id": "fb3de8ff-2d5e-488c-9211-7b75a5fe6b1b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not a social Evil", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Smoking", "opb": "Crime", "opc": "Poverty", "opd": "Prostitution", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "5ce7c552-0268-453b-99bc-1a0b542b2f09", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Highest fat content of milk", "exp": "Fat content of milk : Buffalo > Goat > Cow > Human\nEnergy content of milk : Buffalo > Goat > Cow > Human", "cop": 3, "opa": "Human", "opb": "Goat", "opc": "Buffalo", "opd": "Cow", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "593371cd-2043-4f6b-873d-a5fbef49f822", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "International food standards include", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "BIS standards", "opb": "Codex alimentarius standards", "opc": "AgMark standards", "opd": "PFA standards", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6393ee54-5e88-41cb-9c15-4e20a5bc4691", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Mutation is seen in", "exp": "A unique feature of the influenza virus is its ability to undergo angenic variaons.\nAngenic variability is highest in influenza virus Type A and less in Type B, while it has not been demonstrated in type C.\nSurface angens hemagglunin and neurominidase, undergo independent angenic variaons which may be of Two types.\n\n1. Angenic dri\n\nAngenic change is gradual over a period of me\nThe new angens, though different from the previous angens, are yet related to them,\nAngenic dri involves point mutaon in the gene owing to selecon pressure by immunity in the host populaon.\nAngenic dri accounts for the periodic epidemics of influenza.\nOccurs every 2-3 years in case of Influenza A and every 4-7 years in case of Influenza-B 2.\n\n2. Angenic shi\n\nAn abrupt, drasc, disconnuous variaon in the angenic structure,\nResult from genec recombinaon of human with animal or avian virus,\nAccounts for the major epidemics or pandemics,\nOccurs every 10-15 years,\nOccurs in influenza ‘A’ only", "cop": 2, "opa": "Poliovirus", "opb": "Influenza virus", "opc": "Mumps virus", "opd": "Measles virus", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "dd7c8d0a-5d3c-40da-8777-ebc1030f5e2d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Phase 4 clinical trial is done as", "exp": "The phases of clinical research are the steps in which scientists do experiments with a health intervention in an attempt to find enough evidence for a process that would be useful as a medical treatment.", "cop": 4, "opa": "To find safety and toxicity", "opb": "To compare with existing drugs", "opc": "Pre marketing surveillance", "opd": "Post marketing surveillance", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "98534b83-d023-4de9-8f35-142022ff8500", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Paralysis in polio is characterized by", "exp": "Types of Paralytic Poliomyelitis Spinal poliomyelitis (MC type) : Lower motor neurone lesion of the anterior horn cells of spinal cord which affects the muscles of the legs, arms and/or trunk asymmetrically Bulbar poliomyelitis: Involvement of lower cranial nerves Bulbospinal poliomyelitis : Involvement of both Bulbar cranial nerves and spinal cord Ref: Hutchinson's Atlas of pediatric physical diagnosis 1st edition Pgno : 271", "cop": 4, "opa": "Exaggerated tendon reflexes", "opb": "Symmetrical paralysis", "opc": "Tonic paralysis", "opd": "Lower motor neurone type", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "f986434a-945f-4b9a-99d6-d4f77d1950f3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Primordial prevention is for", "exp": "Primordial preventionIt is first prevention in its purest form i.e. prevention of emergence of development of risk factor in countries or population groups in which they have not yet appeared. Effos were taken to discourage children from adopting harmful habits.Primordial prevention is for persons without risk factorsMain intervention is through the individual or the mass education.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Persons without risk factors", "opb": "Persons with risk factors", "opc": "Cure of disease", "opd": "Treatment of complications", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "684692ca-b99c-4a22-9ebb-2cd17e7d63b7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Bp of 50 years old man is 144/96 mmHg. He belongs to", "exp": "He belongs to Hypeension stage I Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 373", "cop": 1, "opa": "HTN stage-1", "opb": "HTN stage-2", "opc": "Normal", "opd": "Pre-HTN", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "72ea3efa-5147-4726-89e9-e09cc132005c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "For every case of poliomyelitis the subclinical cases of poliomyelitis to be estimated", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "500 children and 50 adults", "opb": "750 children and 75 adults", "opc": "1000 children and 75 adults", "opd": "1000 children and 50 adult", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c3b948a2-a28d-4a91-a18f-724bb9519b66", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Incubation period for diptheria and salmonella is", "exp": "Diphtheria Causative agent : Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a gran positive non-motile organism Diphtheria is an endemic disease in India Source of Infection Carriers are more impoant as source of infection: 95% of total disease transmission Nasal carriers are more dangerous than throat carriers Incidence of carriers in a community : 0.5-1% Immunization does not prevent carrier state Incubation period : 2-6 days Mode of transmission Droplet infection (main mode), directly from cutaneous lesions anf fomites. Ref : Park 25th edition Pgno : 235 Typhoid Causative agent : Salmonella typhi Reservoir of infection : Man (cases and carriers) Source of infection : Faeces, urine of cases/carriers (primary source) and water, food fingers, flies (secondary sources) Incubation period: 10-14 days Mode of transmission : Faeco-oral route, urine-oral route Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 174,258", "cop": 3, "opa": "1-2 days and 20-40 days", "opb": "2-6 days and 7-21 days", "opc": "2-6 days and 10-14 days", "opd": "1-2 days and 10-14 days", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "42893522-81c6-4195-bc5d-bfc0c3a8600e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Category 4 and 7 treated by", "exp": "Color codingType of containerWaste categoryTreatment optionsYellowPlastic bagCat 1, 2, 3 & 6Incineration/deep burialRedDisinfected container/plastic bagCat 3, 6 & 7Autoclaving/Microwaving/Chemical treatmentBlue/White translucentPlastic bag/Puncture proof containerCat 4 & 7Autoclaving/Microwaving/Chemical treatment and Destruction/ShreddingBlackPlastic bagCat 5, 9 & 10 Disposal in secured landfillRef: Park; 23rd ed; Pg 794", "cop": 2, "opa": "Incineration", "opb": "Autoclaving", "opc": "Deep burial", "opd": "Disposal in landfill", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Hospital waste and disaster management, Occupational health", "id": "6c483ebe-a636-4da8-be18-942f4315f06e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The energy requirement of women are increased in first 6 months of lactation is", "exp": "(550 kcal) (552- Park 20th)* Recommended daily intake of energy GroupBody weightEnergy allowance per day KgKcalMJAdult Ref Males(Light work)60242510.1 (Moderate work) 287512.0 (Heavy work) 380015.8Ref Females(Light work)5018757.8 (Moderate work) 22259.3 (Heavy work) 292512.2Pregnancy + 300+ 1.25Lactation (First 6 months) + 550+ 2.3 (6-12 months) + 400+ 1.68", "cop": 3, "opa": "300 Real", "opb": "400 Real", "opc": "550 Real", "opd": "450 Real", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Obstetrics, Paediatrics and Geriatrics", "id": "3d324b96-c1a6-46b9-bfef-19fe60ed4865", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Urine bags and catheters biomedical waste will be disposed in", "exp": "Red Category Contain Contaminated, recyclable waste ; plastic /rubber waste . Disposal method - Autoclaving, Micro waving, hydroclaving, F/b destruction & shredding. Final mechanism of Disposal - Road making. - Extra Edge: Plastic covers which are used to pack foley's catheter etc are not considered as biomedical waste. It is general waste & is disposed through black bag. Recyclable general waste is disposed in Green bins. Non-recyclable general waste is disposed in Blue bins.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Yellow bag", "opb": "Red bag", "opc": "White container", "opd": "Blue bag", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Allied Health Sciences", "id": "06a1c541-c2be-47b4-a4e3-fb55ee028fe2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "'Primordial Prevention' means", "exp": "Ans. (b) Prevention of emergence of risk factors of the diseaseRef : K. Park 23rd ed. / 41, 370* Primordial prevention refers to prevention of development of risk factors in countries or population groups where they are yet to appear.* For instance, adult health problems like obesity, hypertension etc. take root in childhood, when lifestyles like smoking, eating patterns, physical exercise are formed* As part of primordial prevention, efforts are made to discourage high risk children, adolescents and young adults from adopting harmful lifestyles. The primary intervention is through individual and mass education.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Preventive action taken prior to onset of disease", "opb": "Prevention of emergence of risk factors of the disease", "opc": "Prevention of disease from causing complication", "opd": "Early detection of disease by screening", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of Control", "id": "d7c6931a-d064-4bc4-a520-8283cf30c46e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not a member of SAARC region", "exp": "Members of SAARC region\n\nAfghanistan\nBangladesh\nIndia \nSri Lanka\nNepal \nBhutan\nMaldives Islands\nPakistan", "cop": 2, "opa": "India", "opb": "Africa", "opc": "Sri Lanka", "opd": "Afghanistan", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "d7c6c097-5e91-4e48-ae3f-1d5dbfd9f2c5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Group approach includes", "exp": "Home visits, Personal letters, personal contact are individual approachTelevision, radio, newspaper, folk methods, internet are mass approaches.Lectures, Demonstrations, Discussion methods (Symposium, conferences, roleplay..etc) are group methods.Park 23e pg: 862", "cop": 1, "opa": "Lectures", "opb": "Home visits", "opc": "Folk methods", "opd": "Television", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health education & planning", "id": "2698d180-ade0-499e-a95c-d1084228e215", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In the demographic study of population, a country with low bih rate & a low death rate is in following phase", "exp": "Fouh stage of demographic cycle is low stationary Characterised by a low bih and low death rate with the result that the population becomes stationary Reference: Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 479", "cop": 4, "opa": "1st phase", "opb": "2nd phase", "opc": "3rd phase", "opd": "4th phase", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "4405be04-6185-42b9-8d42-29457ee87caa", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "NACO launched national pediatric initiative on", "exp": "NACO pediatric HIV/AIDS initiative The National Paediatric HIV/AIDS Initiative launched on November 30, 2006 by Hon'ble Chairperson UPA Smt. ... Mr William J Clinton, former President of the United States of America, was a landmark initiative, for now children living with HIV/AIDS would be able to access generic drugs, A and suppo services Launch Highlights * Phase I of the programme aims to put 10,000 children on A treatment for life. * Initially 36 A centres to provide free A to children. * Seven Regional Paediatric Centres being established across the country. * Free CD4 monitoring for children till 15 years, free DNA PCR test for children upto 18 months, liquid formulations for babies, diagnosis and treatment of oppounistic infections and micro nutrient supplementation will be provided. * The National Paediatric Anti- retroviral Therapy (A), Treatment and Dosing Guidelines developed by IAP with suppo from WHO, UNICEF and Clinton Foundation released. Ref : naco.gov.in", "cop": 2, "opa": "2nd October 2005", "opb": "30th November 2006", "opc": "30th October 2008", "opd": "2nd November 2010", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "6153c9ee-03ef-45de-896f-baeaba5fe5e9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Stage of contraction of family stas at", "exp": "Ans. is 'c' i.e., Leaving home of first child", "cop": 3, "opa": "Bih of first child", "opb": "Bih of last child", "opc": "Leaving home of first child", "opd": "Marriage", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "854d6a1f-7def-4e0c-91af-9d0598ffa837", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Difference b w the incidence in exposed and non exposed group is best given by", "exp": "attributable risk : Attributable Risk(AR) (sometimes called Attributable Propoion or Attributable Fraction) is a measure of the prevalence of a condition or disease. Given a group of people exposed to a risk, it&;s the fraction who develop a disease or condition. ref : park 21st ed", "cop": 3, "opa": "relative risk", "opb": "attributable risk", "opc": "population attributable risk", "opd": "odd's ratio", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "c8c881e1-934a-45b5-8d98-241692c75dbc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Cyclops is an intermediate host for", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Malaria", "opb": "Guinea worm", "opc": "Rabies", "opd": "Salmonella", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "bc8fcd00-0fd2-4140-896d-9683af7ef15f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Zero Incidence is not seen in", "exp": "Control of infection: The reduction of disease incidence, prevalence, morbidity or moality to a locally acceptable level as a result of deliberate effos; continued intervention measures are required to maintain the reduction. Example: diarrhoeal diseases.Elimination of disease: Reduction to zero of the incidence of a specified disease in a defined geographical area as a result of deliberate effos; continued intervention measures are required. Example: neonatal tetanusElimination of infections: Reduction to zero of the incidence of infection caused by a specific agent in a defined geographical area as a result of deliberate effos; continued measures to prevent re-establishment of transmission are required. Example: measles, poliomyelitis.Eradication: Permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent as a result of deliberate effos; intervention measures are no longer needed. Example: smallpox.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Elimination of disease", "opb": "Eradication of disease", "opc": "Elimination of infection", "opd": "Control of infection", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "2791b09f-d343-4119-a36a-076ca7514870", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Disinfectance used for blood spills", "exp": "Hypochlorites are most widely used chlorine disinfectant. Liquid form: sodium hypochlorite Household bleach Broad-spectrum of antimicrobial activities Do not leave toxic residues Unaffected by water hardness Inexpensive and fast-acting Remove dried or fixed organisms and biofilm a from surfaces (refer pgno:129 park 23 rd edition)", "cop": 4, "opa": "Phenol", "opb": "Glutaraldehyde", "opc": "Ethanol", "opd": "Sodium hypochlorite", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "866b4a6e-30bb-4370-bb88-7449f377a432", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not transmitted by mite", "exp": "Ans. is 'd' i.e., Kyanasur Forest disease Mites are the vectors for the following diseases :-Diseases VectorScabies Itch miteScrub Typhus Trombiculid miteRickettsial pox Trombiculid mite.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Scabies", "opb": "Scrub typhus", "opc": "Rickettsial pox", "opd": "Kyasanur forest disease", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "789ae1d8-74f5-49bb-809c-a603dcd9ad95", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Normal safe limit of Fluoride content in drinking water is", "exp": "The recommended level of fluorides in drinking water in India is accepted as 0.5 to 0.8 mg per literRef: Park; 23rd ed; Pg 625", "cop": 1, "opa": "0.5 to 0.8 mg/L", "opb": "0.8 to 1.0 mg/L", "opc": "0.2 to 0.5 mg/L", "opd": "0.2 to 0.8 mg/L", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and health", "id": "5c5d34c0-3e69-4d6b-9531-335d1edb503f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Cancer control programme was launched in", "exp": "With the objectives of prevention, early diagnosis and treatment, the national cancer control programme was launched in 1975-76 Ref: PARK&;S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE 23rd edition pg 472", "cop": 1, "opa": "1976", "opb": "1986", "opc": "1970", "opd": "1992", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health programmes in India", "id": "a2c06d82-8a54-499b-8b26-9b9463ec12ed", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Dengue fever is transmitted by", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Aedes aegypti", "opb": "Cluex vishnuii", "opc": "Cluex fatigans", "opd": "Glossina palpalis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "830666d5-a43c-491a-a661-bd5979b2eb0a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Usual time for symptoms to appear in Rabid animal,", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "2 days", "opb": "7 days", "opc": "10 days", "opd": "1 month", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "91c0d69a-e4eb-4b67-b492-14c1619dd2ec", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Prophylaxis of meningococcal meningitis is", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Ciprofloxacin", "opb": "Rifampicin", "opc": "Penicillin", "opd": "Gentamycin", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "078e908c-fbe0-4dc5-b72a-6a4a87184ecc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Diethyltoluamide is an effective", "exp": "Diethyl toluimide /deetis an all purpose repellant.\nThey are used for application on skin, and their chief advantage is short duration of protection.Repellant are contact poisons. \nThey are used as peraonal protective measure against mosquito bite.\nOther neasure are using mosquito nets and screening. \nParks textbook of preventive and social medicine.K Park", "cop": 3, "opa": "Larvicidal", "opb": "Agent againts pupae of anophales", "opc": "Repellent", "opd": "Space spray", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "9938d884-b0d6-4bb2-b058-1146fa7e691b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Cash benefits in ESI scheme includes", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Funeral", "opb": "Medical", "opc": "Liability", "opd": "Marriage", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "02bf619c-3b08-4cca-a381-e3bfd5852c82", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Number of air changes in one hour in a drawing room should be not less than", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "3", "opb": "2", "opc": "4", "opd": "5", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "9d57bea8-7852-4b22-ac25-c69520f15628", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Papilledema is caused by", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Vitamin D intoxication", "opb": "Vitamin A intoxication", "opc": "Vitamin E intoxication", "opd": "Vitamin B intoxication", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e58f1fe9-5c45-4218-98be-e32958b0ccd9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Leprosy is not yet eradicated because", "exp": "Ans is 'a' i.e. No effective vaccine Both \"No Effective Vaccine\" and \"Long incubation period\" are the reason behind not being able to fully control Leprosy. But when it comes to eradication, \"No Effective Vaccine\" is correct answer because only disease eradicated (small pox) was because of effective vaccine.About leprosy Park writes- \"Although significant progress has been made in controlling the disease and reducing the disease burden, much remains to be done in order to sustain the gains and further reduce the impact of the disease...One of the long-term needs is to develop reliable diagnostic tests for early diagnosis and an effective vaccine for the prevention of leprosy.\"The only disease which has been eradicated till now is smallpox. There were many advantageous features of the disease coupled with a highly effective, heat stable vaccine which led to its eradication.The other disease which is a very potential candidate for eradication is Polio. It does not have advantageous features like those possessed by Small pox, still it has a very effective vaccine.Small pox was eradicated and Polio is likely to be eradicated because of the massive global immunization programs launched by WHO.This suggests that most probable reason for non-eradication of leprosy could be absence of an effective vaccine. Other reasons which are also culprits are - long incubation period, highly infectious, large number of infective subclinical cases, difficult to diagnose and animal reservoir.Various definitions:Control:The reduction of disease incidence, prevalence, morbidity or mortality to a locally acceptable level as a result of deliberate efforts; continued intervention measures are required to maintain the reduction.Example: diarrhoeal diseases.Elimination:Reduction to zero of the incidence of a specified disease in a defined geographical area as a result of deliberate efforts; continued intervention measures are required.Example: neonatal tetanus, measles, poliomyelitis.Eradication:Permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent as a result of deliberate efforts; intervention measures are no longer needed.Example: smallpox.Extinction:The specific infectious agent no longer exists in nature or in the laboratory.Example: none. Factors associated with potential for eradication of a communicable disease:There are many factors but the three factors considered to be of primary importance are:An effective intervention is available to interrupt transmission of the agent;Practical diagnostic tools with sufficient sensitivity and specificity are available to detect levels of infection that can lead to transmission; andHumans are essential for the life-cycle of the agent, which has no other vertebrate reservoir and does not amplify in the environment.Factors Associated with Potential for Eradication of a Communicable Disease Factors Associated with the DiseaseEase of diagnosis and treatment Low prevalence of subclinical disease High disease burden and economic impact Immunity is long term or lifelong Disease cannot be reactivated Disease has predictable seasonalityFactors Associated with the Etiologic AgentLack of an animal reservoir or vectorOnly one causative agent or serotypeShort incubation periodFactors Associated with the Host or Target PopulationCorrelates or protection can be demonstratedHost cannot be reinfected with the agentHost cannot shed the organism once infection is resolvedPublic acceptance of the vaccine and other control measures is highFactors Associated with the VaccineCan confer long-lasting protection in a few injectionsMinimal handling and storage requirements (e.g., cold chain)Simple administrationCan be administered simultaneously with other vaccines or adapted to schedules and timing of the national childhood immunization programsFew short- or long-term adverse effectsLow cost to produce and purchase vaccine Epidemiological factors which led to the eradication of smallpox are:No known animal reservoir.No long-term carrier of the virus.Life-long immunity, after recovery from the disease.The detection of the cases was relatively simple as the rashes were characteristic.Persons with subclinical infection did not transmit the diseaseHighly effective, heat stable vaccine, easily administrable and provides long term protection.International cooperation", "cop": 1, "opa": "No effective vaccine", "opb": "Highly Infectious but low pathogenicity", "opc": "Only humans are reservoir", "opd": "Long incubation period", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable Diseases", "id": "5a7cc990-d690-4249-971f-d19878517960", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "An infection or infectious disease transmissible under natural condition from veebrate animals to man is known as", "exp": "Term Definition Zoonoses An infection or infectious disease transmissible under natural condition from veebrate animals to man. Exotic Disease which is impoed into a country, in which it doesn't occur normally. Epizootic Outbreak of disease in animal population. Epornithic Outbreak of disease in bird population.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Epizootic", "opb": "Epornithic", "opc": "Zoonoses", "opd": "Exotic", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Other Key Definitions & Concepts", "id": "89ad117e-31f1-4b56-b2b7-e2544d5db17d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The North Kerelia project evaluate risk factors of", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Diabetes", "opb": "Cancers", "opc": "Coronary heart disease", "opd": "Obesity", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e03519f1-637e-47c7-98d7-eb1eb85677d1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The interval of time between receipt of infection by a host and maximum infectivity is known as", "exp": "Ans. c (Generation time) (Ref. Text book of PSM by Park 22nd/96)Generation time: is the time interval between receipt of infection by host and max. infectivity1Median incubation periodTime required for 50% of cases to occur following exposure.2Incubation periodPeriod of entry of organism to appearance of first sign or symptom.3Serial intervalThe gap in onset of primary and secondary case.4Primary caseFirst case in community5Index caseFirst case detected in community (may or may not be primary case)", "cop": 3, "opa": "Median incubation period", "opb": "Screening time", "opc": "Generation time", "opd": "Minimum incubation period", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of Health and Disease", "id": "aec922d3-7897-4037-a2bd-4e80d2383964", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common nosocomial infection is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Respiratory tract infection", "opb": "Gastrointestinal tract infection", "opc": "Urinary tract infection", "opd": "Throat infection", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e701ba86-1690-4b2f-8f39-cb1c36d0d27e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Toxix shock syndrome occures after one of the following vaccinations", "exp": "toxic shock syndrome occurs when measles vaccine is contaminated or the same vaccine l is for more than one session on the same day or next day.the vaccine should be used within 4 hours after opening.TSS reflects poor quality of immunisation.other adverse effects include diarrhea,fever,and vomiting. ref:park&;s textbook,22 nd ed,pg 140", "cop": 4, "opa": "DPT", "opb": "Recombinant DNA vaccine against hepatitis B", "opc": "Oral polio vaccine", "opd": "Measles vaccine", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "f2a4fc06-c582-4d6f-963f-eb3cacbb6798", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The failure rate per HWY of Pearl index is given by", "exp": "The Pearl index is defined as the number of failures per 100 women-years of exposure . This rate is given by the formula:Failure rate per HWY: x 1200The factor 1200 is the number of months in 100yearsRef: PArk; 23rd ed; Pg 510", "cop": 3, "opa": "x 1200", "opb": "x 2400", "opc": "x 1200", "opd": "x 2400", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "b616fbe9-4ef1-46e3-8355-6edcb8b88934", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Food with maximum cholesterol content", "exp": "Ans. a. Egg Food with maximum cholesterol content is egg. \"The yolks of eggs have the most cholesterol of any food with 1234 mg pr 100 gram serving or 411% of the DV. A single egg yolk will provide 210 mg (70% DV) of cholesterol, while a whole egg provides slightly more with 212 mg Impoant points about Egg All the cholesterol in egg is found in the yolkQ Egg white does not have any cholesteroldeg Egg contains all the nutrients except carbohydrates and vitamin CQ. Egg protein is considered the best among food proteins and is the standard against which the quality of other proteins is comparee. NPU of egg protein is 100Q", "cop": 1, "opa": "Egg", "opb": "Coconut Oil", "opc": "Hydrogenated Fats", "opd": "Ghee (Hydrogenated)", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ede0470e-a4b6-4aa7-a376-f40d106de689", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Type of Growth Chas used by Anganwadi workers (ICDS) for growth monitoring", "exp": "ICDS GROWTH CHA: In NRHM and ICDS, Government of India has adopted WHO child Growth standards 2006 (also known as MGRS &;Multicenter Growth Reference study&; Standards) Normal zone Below -2SD: Malnutrition Below -3SD: Severe Malnutrition Ref: Park 25th edition PGno: 580-581", "cop": 3, "opa": "NCHS", "opb": "IAP", "opc": "MRGS", "opd": "CDC", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Maternal and child care", "id": "73f54432-ca82-4e13-a4ff-2aab73030946", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common cause of low birth wt baby is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Anemia", "opb": "Infection", "opc": "Prematurity", "opd": "Diabetes", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "8ecdbe96-f745-44d3-9b6e-2f8bc3370014", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Antigenic shift and drift occurs in", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Influenza", "opb": "Mumps", "opc": "Measles", "opd": "Rubella", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6a24785d-ad4b-4ff8-b2c3-2e48667c1a35", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not seen in faecal pollution", "exp": "The primary bacteriological indicators for faecal contamination are → Coliform gp. of organisms.\nSupplementary indicators are →              \nStreptococci faecalis,\nClostridium perfringens (also k/a cl. welchi)", "cop": 1, "opa": "Staphylococcus", "opb": "Streptococcus", "opc": "E. coli", "opd": "ClostridiumPerfringens", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "abfad89a-3da5-451c-ba2c-0c42febbf501", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Children borne by female at the end of reproductive period is", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "NRR", "opb": "TFR", "opc": "CBR", "opd": "GFR", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "9f778962-5dda-45ad-b1f4-079bc0fdf9df", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Sullivan index is an index for", "exp": "Sullivan's index also known as Disability Free Life Expectancy (DFLE) is a method to compute life expectancy free of disability. It is calculated by formula:Life expectancy minus duration of disability Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 26", "cop": 1, "opa": "Life free of disability", "opb": "Life Expectancy", "opc": "Earning capacity", "opd": "Population index", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "944bbc85-d139-490e-a5d9-718cbc4849f6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Iron requirment in a normal mensturating adult female", "exp": "Ans. is 'b' i.e., 20 mg/day", "cop": 2, "opa": "15 mg/day", "opb": "20 mg/day", "opc": "30 mg/day", "opd": "35 mg/day", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "d4ceac0b-49f3-4add-9811-9ddb19b28ca3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Of the different epidemiological study designs available to test the association between risk factor and disease, the best design is of", "exp": "Coho study is also known as incidence study. The cohos are identified prior to the appearance of disease under investigation. The study group so defined are observed over a period of time to determine the frequency of disease among them. Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 83", "cop": 3, "opa": "Case control study", "opb": "Ecological study", "opc": "Coho study", "opd": "Cross sectional study", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "186d8cd1-dfb0-4c94-a23d-3a1348465b55", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "P.Q.L.I is", "exp": "Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) is an attempt to measure the quality of life or well-being of a country. The value is the average of three statistics: basic literacy rate, infant moality , and life expectancy at age one, all equally weighted on a 0 to 100 scale. HDI includes knowledge, income(GNI) and life expectancy at bih. Ref : Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition", "cop": 1, "opa": "IMR, Life Expectancy at 1year of age, literacy", "opb": "MMR, Life expectancy, literacy", "opc": "MMR, IMR, Life expectancy", "opd": "IMR, Life expectancy at 1 year of age, SE status", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "9a924180-9d9d-4d32-95b8-5f5f36a606d9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The effective temperature of'comfort zone' is", "exp": "(77-80degF) (641-Park 20th)Comfort zones - may be defined at the range of effective temperatures over which the majority of adults feel comfortableComfort zones evaluated in India are as below:TypesCorrected Effective Temperature deg- CCorrected Effective Temperature0deg F1 Pleasant and cool20692 Comfortable and cool20-2569-763 Comfortable25-2777-804 Hot and uncomfortable27-2881-825 Extremely hot28+83+6 Intolerably hot30+86+ Predicated four hour sweat rate (P4SR)1 Comfort zone1-.3 litres2 Just tolerable3-4.5 litres3 Intolerable4.5+ litres", "cop": 2, "opa": "69 - 76 degF", "opb": "77-80 F", "opc": "83-85 F", "opd": "86-90 F", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and Health", "id": "5a3cb75c-0c90-451a-9bf5-a68e74562b0f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Psychrometer is used to measure", "exp": "• Air humidity can be measured by:\nDry and wet bulb thermometers\nHygrometer\nSling/Whirling Psychrometer\nAssman Psychrometer", "cop": 1, "opa": "Humidity", "opb": "Air velocity", "opc": "Room temperature", "opd": "Radiant heat", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "9124121f-0b61-403b-8031-f98982636e96", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Pasteurization by Holder method is heating milk at", "exp": "Methods of Pasteurization:", "cop": 3, "opa": "60° C for 45 minutes", "opb": "100° C for 15 minutes", "opc": "65° C for 30 minutes", "opd": "136° C for 15 minutes", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "3fef876e-e59e-4312-89bc-eaea36cd8131", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Rule of halves is seen in", "exp": "Hypeension is an iceberg disease. Only about half of the hypeensive subjects in general population were aware of the condition, only about half of those aware of the condition was being treated, and only about half of those treated were considered adequately treated.Park 23e pg: 373", "cop": 2, "opa": "CHD", "opb": "Hypeension", "opc": "Blindness", "opd": "Accidents and injuries", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Non communicable diseases", "id": "9e4b8b97-97f8-47b3-8df0-d4c33628fab3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Chimney sweeper's cancer is also known as", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Carcinoma scrotum", "opb": "Carcinoma colon", "opc": "Carcinoma lung", "opd": "Carcinoma penis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "a86bfe18-b77b-4449-b462-183f30476409", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In the management of leprosy, Lepromin test is most useful for", "exp": "Uses of Lepromin test:\n- Evaluation of CMI status of patients\n- Aid to confirm the classification of Leprosy\n- Estimation of prognosis of cases", "cop": 3, "opa": "Herd Immunity", "opb": "Epidemiological investigations", "opc": "Prognosis", "opd": "Treatment", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "f4c33947-8628-4689-9cca-dac323117448", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Under stable conditions, the relationship between incidence (I), prevalence (P), and duration (D) is given as", "exp": "Prevalence = Incidence x Duration of illnessex: if the duration of illness increase (chronic diseases) prevalence increases", "cop": 1, "opa": "P = I x D", "opb": "I = P x D", "opc": "P = I + D", "opd": "I = P + D", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "dc9848a7-e579-4b99-930a-6c1464047f83", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Polio virus is shed maximum in stool up to", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "6 weeks", "opb": "12 weeks", "opc": "10 weeks", "opd": "8 weeks", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "d9adaf97-6858-400e-b83b-4b80c9dca0a3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Zika Virus is transmitted by", "exp": "Zika virus is transmitted to people primarily through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquitoRef: Park; Pg. No: 293", "cop": 3, "opa": "Anopheles", "opb": "Culex", "opc": "Aedes", "opd": "Mansonia", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "37051ae1-f3ab-400f-ba9b-c2a925ba9178", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Requirement of Iodine during Breast feeding", "exp": "RDA of Iodine in Adults - 150mcg/day\nRDA of Iodine during pregnancy and breast feeding is - 250mcg/day", "cop": 4, "opa": "50mcg/day", "opb": "100mcg/day", "opc": "200mcg/day", "opd": "250mcg/day", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "cb91cf4d-22d4-40f4-afe4-20c8ba823ecf", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Vaccine of yellow fever is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "17D", "opb": "5D", "opc": "4D", "opd": "2D", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "540e298f-aadc-46aa-b02a-c9f21cb912b5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Biological value of a protein is related to", "exp": "Ans) a (Nitrogen content) Ref paik 20th ed p 549Biological value of a protein is Retained N2 / Absorbed N2 x 100Protein efficiency ratio = Wt gain in gms / Gram of protein consumedNet protein utilization =Digestibility Coefficent x Biological value100 Aminoacid score =No of mg of one AA/gm of proteinNo of mg of same AA/gm of egg proteinx 100Quality of protein is assessed by comparison to the reference protein which is usually egg protein.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Nitrogen content", "opb": "amino acid content", "opc": "Sulphur content", "opd": "Energy content", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and Health", "id": "26a1bbfc-a56e-4059-b43a-768cc11e8b32", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Frequency polygon is obtained by joining the points of", "exp": "Ans. d (Histogram blocks) (Ref. Park PSM 22nd/ 788; Methods in Bio-statistics, by B. K. Mahajan 6th/p. 23)Quantitative data is presented by the following graphsQualitative or discrete or enumeration data is presented by the following graphs:# Histogram.# Bar diagram# Frequency polygon.# Pie or sector diagram# Frequency curve.# Pictogram# Line chart or graph.# Spot map# Cumulative frequency diagram (Ogive). # Scatter or dot diagram.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Bar diagram", "opb": "Complete bar diagram", "opc": "Multiple bar diagram", "opd": "Histogram blocks", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "af379a52-6e0c-48b9-902a-9e0e04e2f746", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "GATHER Approach is useful for", "exp": "G: Greet the clients (make them comfortable, give attention)\nA: Ask/ ascertain needs/ problems or reasons for coming\nT: Telling different methods/ options/ choices to solve the problem\nH: Help client to make voluntary decisions\nE: Explain fully the chosen decision/ action/ method\nR: Return for follow-up visit", "cop": 3, "opa": "Chlorination of water", "opb": "Refuse disposal", "opc": "Counselling", "opd": "Data analysis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "2586b296-c4a1-4fee-861c-527d0eb5ae5d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Single most sensitive tool for evaluating the iron status is", "exp": "Serum ferritin is the single most sensitive tool for evaluating the iron status.It reflects the size of Iron stores in the body. Values below 10 mcg/L indicate an absence of stored iron.Park 23e pg: 623", "cop": 3, "opa": "Haemoglobin concentration", "opb": "Serum ion concentration", "opc": "Serum ferritin", "opd": "Serum transferrin saturation", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and health", "id": "bffb48d4-541f-4f77-91ac-ecc7054fae36", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Socialized medicine is", "exp": "*State Medicine: Provision of free medical services to the people at government expense*Socialized Medicine: Provision of medical service and professional education by the state, but the programme is operated and regulated by professional groups rather than by the government.*Social Medicine: study of social, economical, environmental, cultural, psychological and genetic factors, which have a bearing on health.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Health care at people's expense", "opb": "Charitable care at government expense", "opc": "Free medical care at government expense, regulated by professional groups.", "opd": "Integration of social medicine with Health care.", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "bcb7ae71-9e57-49c7-9122-0484e8e5f682", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Isolaion is not carried out in one of the following", "exp": ".isolation is the oldest communicable disease control measure.it is defined as the seperation,for the period communicability of infected persons or animals from others in such places and under such conditions as to prevent or limit the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent from those who are susceptible or who may spread the agent to others.the diseases in which the principle of isolation is helpful include,chickenpox,measles,german measles,cholera,diphtheria,shigellosis,hepatitis A , influenza peussis etc. ref:park&;s textbook,22nd edition,pg no 112", "cop": 3, "opa": "Plague", "opb": "Cholera", "opc": "AIDS", "opd": "Chicken pox", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "7e1c1c54-761a-403b-89fb-a305c3ae3e66", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Toxins responsible for epidemic dropsy", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.e. Sanguinarine Epidemic dropsyIs caused d/t contamination of mustard oil with argemone oil (Argemone mexicana or prickly poppy)Active component of argemone mexicana is Sanguinarine. It interferes with the oxidation of pyruvic acid which accumulates in the blood.Symptoms of epidemic dropsySudden, non-inflammatory, bilateral swelling of legs.DiarrhoeaDyspneaCardiac failureGlaucomaEpidemic dropsy may occur at all ages except breast-fed infants.Tests used for the detection of argemone oil in mustard oilNitric acid testPaper chromatography test - This is the most sensitive testRememberFood borne diseasesToxinsLathyrismBeta Oxatyl Amino Alanine (BOAA) found in the seeds of the pulse Lathyrus sativa (Khesari dhal).Epidemic dropsySanguinarine found in argemone oilEndemic ascitesPyrrolizidine alkaloids found in weed seeds of Crotalaria (Jhunjhunia)", "cop": 1, "opa": "Sanguinarine", "opb": "BOAA", "opc": "Pyrrolizidine alkaloids", "opd": "Aflatoxin", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and Health", "id": "84cf079c-7dc4-49b6-bf28-745456e68b02", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Proposed guideline values for Radioactivity in Drinking water is", "exp": "Key guideline aspects of WHO recommended drinking water quality: –\nColour < 15 true colour units (TCU)\nTurbidity < 5 nephlometric turbidity units (NTU)\npH: 6.5 – 8.5\nTotal dissolved solids (TDS) < 600 mg/litre\nZero pathogenic microorganisms\nZero infectious viruses\nAbsence of pathogenic protozoa and infective stages of helminthes\nFluorine < 1.5 ppm (0.5 – 0.8 ppm: Optimum level)\nNitrates < 50 mg/litre\nNitrites < 3 mg/litre\nGross alpha radiological activity < 0.5 Bq/litre (New Guideline — WhO)\nGross beta radiological activity < 1.0 Bq/litre (New Guideline — WhO).", "cop": 3, "opa": "Gross a activity 1.0 Bq/L and Gross b activity 10.0 Bq/L", "opb": "Gross a activity 1.0 Bq/L and Gross b activity 0.1 Bq/L", "opc": "Gross a activity 0.1 Bq/L and Gross b activity 1.0 Bq/L", "opd": "Gross a activity 10 Bq/L and Gross b activity 1.0 Bq/L", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ecc6f4a8-9d72-4c0c-8ace-d3bf5dcb1c4a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Emporiatrics is study of", "exp": "Emporiatrics: Study of Health of international travelers. Mainly for yellow fever. Validity of vaccine ceificate of yellow fever is 10 days - life long. Quarantine period - 6 days", "cop": 3, "opa": "Bioterrorism agents", "opb": "Tropical diseases", "opc": "Health of International travelers", "opd": "International health agencies", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "International health agencies", "id": "88f8df26-97b9-4b9c-948b-48d53169fe89", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Minimum depth for the lining of a sanitary well is", "exp": "The lining of a sanitary well should go down at least 6 meters (20 feet) to ensure that water enters from the bottom and not from the sides of the well.The lining should extend upwards for about 60-90cm (2-3 feet) above the ground.Park 23rd edition pg: 709", "cop": 2, "opa": "5 meters", "opb": "6 meters", "opc": "7 meters", "opd": "8 meters", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Maternal and child care", "id": "28711c51-c362-4368-bdf2-856b890512b6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "100% moality disease, incidence and prevalence relationship will be;", "exp": "Prevalence = Incidence x Duration Duration= Prevalence/Incidence - longer the duration of the disease, the greater its prevalence. - if the disease is acute and of sho duration either because of rapid recovery or death, the prevalence rate will be relatively low compared with the incidence rate. (P < 1).", "cop": 3, "opa": "P = 1", "opb": "P > 1", "opc": "P < 1", "opd": "No relationship", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "FMGE 2019", "id": "45a46a3a-f789-470d-89b6-26f529b6f571", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Best time for breast self examination screening is", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "During menstruation", "opb": "One week after menstruation", "opc": "Two weeks after menstruation", "opd": "Any time of the cycle", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "0adcb53a-34ba-48ed-9055-e46d88a14e7b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most effective sterilizing agent", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Hot air oven", "opb": "Auto claving", "opc": "Chemical disinfection", "opd": "Incineration", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "12a08aee-7351-4d2b-b971-93c1e117a8ad", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Barrier method", "exp": "Barrier methods includes Physical, Chemical and Combined methods Physical methods include Condom, Diaphragm and Vaginal sponge Chemical methods include Foams, Creams, Suppositories and Soluble films Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 494, 495", "cop": 3, "opa": "Hormonal contraceptive", "opb": "IUD", "opc": "Condom", "opd": "Sterilization", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "7ecd167d-c140-461e-9111-69834d395861", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Freshly prepared ORS should be used within", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "12 hours", "opb": "1 day", "opc": "2 days", "opd": "4 hours", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "91f9519d-66f0-4414-9b32-27430f1c3c87", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "ASHA stands for", "exp": "In NRHM Cadre of Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) is createdASHA must be a women resident of the village, preferably 25-45 years with formal education up to 8 1 ASHA for 1000 population. In tribal, hilly and dese areas the norm could be relaxed to 1 ASHA per habitation.Park 23e pg: 449", "cop": 2, "opa": "Auxiliary social health activist", "opb": "Accredited social health activist", "opc": "Auxiliary social health assistant", "opd": "Accredited social health assistant", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health care of community & international health", "id": "03c110e0-1a20-4970-91f8-89e280e03627", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "According to modified plan of operation, endemic areas were classified based on", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "API", "opb": "ABER", "opc": "Slide positivity rate", "opd": "Slide falciparum rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "05e5279e-49d1-4798-9597-7ae53725d176", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Ethambutol is associated with", "exp": "Ethambutol may cause ‘optic neuritis’ (ocular toxicity): 463 National Health Programmes, Policies and Legislations in IndiaReview of Preventive and Social Medicine\nIt may lead to ‘red-green color blindness’\nPatients may thus develop ‘blue vision’\nThus it is contraindicated in children < 6 years age, as they may not be able to report any deterioration of color vision.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Red-green colour blindness", "opb": "Red-blue colour blindness", "opc": "Blue-green colour blindness", "opd": "Yellow-green colour blindness", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "8969f913-f266-4eaf-9f45-a43641c58de3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "State with highest prevalence of blindness", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Jammu - kashmir", "opb": "Maharashtra", "opc": "Bihar", "opd": "Uttaranchal", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "5550a0fa-86fe-4d45-a280-2c937465b804", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Normal waist hip ratio of a female is below", "exp": "WHO CUT-OFF POINTS OF WHR Indicator CUT-OFF points Risk of metabolic complications Waist circumference >94 cm (M) >80 cm (W) Increased Hip cirrcumference >102 cm (M) >88 cm (W) Substantially increased Waist-Hip ratio >= 0.95(M) >= 0.80(W) Substantially increased Ref: Park 23rd edition Pgno : 400 WC & WHR, WHO Consultation 2008", "cop": 2, "opa": "0.7", "opb": "0.8", "opc": "0.9", "opd": "1", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Non communicable diseases", "id": "b77af8ce-2e9c-4979-a544-a2331f86f6b1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Potential Support Ratio (PSR) is defined as", "exp": "Number of persons aged 15 to 65 per one older person aged more than or equal to 65 years", "cop": 3, "opa": "Number of persons aged 15 to 65 per children below 15 years", "opb": "Number of person aged 15 to 65 per one older person aged > 65 and younger person < 15 years", "opc": "Number of persons aged 15 to 65 per one older person aged >/= 65 years", "opd": "Number of persons aged 15 to 65 persons older person aged > 60 and younger person < 15 years", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "f6d33b92-c5c6-48ff-9eeb-aa5a5a5b27ff", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The Fourth stage of demographic cycle is know as", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Low stationary", "opb": "Late Expanding", "opc": "High stationary", "opd": "Declining", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "127ce259-e05f-4a58-b069-eeb09b43a8bd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The expectation of life, free of disability is known as", "exp": "Sullivan&;s index or disability-free life expectancy or active life expectancy is the average number of years an individual is expected to live free of disability if the current pattern of moality and disability continue to apply.Park 23e pg:26", "cop": 2, "opa": "Smith's Index", "opb": "Sullivan's Index", "opc": "Life Index", "opd": "Pearl Index", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "7d42b81c-0c8f-47a7-8ce5-5997eb99abf6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Perinatal mortality rate includes", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Deaths within first week of life", "opb": "Abortions, Stillbirths, deaths within first week of life", "opc": "Deaths within one month of life", "opd": "Deaths from 28 weeks to with first week of life", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "53b3b6ab-8c16-4e76-8088-c8553ac8e452", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Hormonal contraceptive of choice in a lactating woman is", "exp": "Progestogen-only pill (POP) This pill is commonly referred to as \"minipill\" or \"micropill\". It contains only progestogen, which is given in small doses throughout the cycle. The commonly used progestogens are norethisterone and levonorgestrel. The progestogen-only pills never gained widespread use because of poor cycle control and an increased pregnancy rate. However, they have a definite place in modern- day contraception. They could be prescribed to older women for whom the combined pill is contraindicated because of cardiovascular risks. They may also be considered in young women with risk factors for neoplasia. The evidence that the progestogens may lower the high-density lipoproteins may be of some concern. Ref : Park 25th edition Pgno : 535", "cop": 3, "opa": "Combine pill", "opb": "Multiphastic pill", "opc": "Progesterone only pill", "opd": "Centhroman", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "21db3241-0207-40f5-9773-ce73ebb8860b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "IFA tablets given during pregnancy contains.", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "60mg elemental iron and 500ug Folic acid", "opb": "100mg elemental iron and 400ug Folic acid", "opc": "60mg elemental iron and 400ug Folic acid", "opd": "100mg elemental iron and 500ug Folic acid", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "2062c8f1-4306-4afd-9a5f-a7f44adb9a52", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most difficult criterion to establish Causal Association in aetiology of a disease is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Specificity of association", "opb": "Strength of association", "opc": "Temporality", "opd": "Biological plausibility", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "220d25ea-a29f-438c-8f53-805044a6f51c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Graphical representation of frequency distribution curve is", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed", "cop": 3, "opa": "Pie cha", "opb": "Bar diagram", "opc": "Histogram", "opd": "Pictogram", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "62cecaac-659f-4448-a3e7-86e0496315cf", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "IUCD most commonly associated with expulsion", "exp": "The expulsion rate among IUCDs is high for lippes loop (12-20% ) Expulsion can be paial or complete Expulsion usually occurs during the first few weeks following inseion or during menstruation Reference: Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 497, 499", "cop": 1, "opa": "Lippes loop", "opb": "Cu T - 200", "opc": "Cu T - 380 A", "opd": "LNG - IUCD", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "5a185c75-9013-496b-ab6c-c6243b88aa0f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Single disease control strategy done by program known as", "exp": "Health systems are made up of: * \"Horizontal system\" of general services, providing prevention and care for prevailing health problems. \"Veical programmes\" for specific health conditions .", "cop": 2, "opa": "Horizontal program", "opb": "Veical program", "opc": "Interventional program", "opd": "Volunteer program", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "PH Care, Elements & Principles", "id": "88569ef1-1856-40aa-87c2-e535c96987ee", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Example of one way communication", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Socratic method", "opb": "Didactic method", "opc": "Visual communication", "opd": "Telecommunication", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "310c345a-2071-4e4a-a30b-037eec005878", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Cyclodevelopmental life cycle is seen in", "exp": ".cyclodevelopmental form of life cycle is the one in which the disease agent undergoes only development but no multiplication.examples include mainly the life of microfilaria in mosquito. ref:park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,edition 22,pg no 94", "cop": 4, "opa": "Malaria", "opb": "Plague", "opc": "Yellow Fever", "opd": "Filaria", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "38980906-a702-4421-b88a-ff480ad9cae0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "NRHM (National Rural Health Mission) is achieved through creation of", "exp": "C. i.e. (Accredited social health activist) (364- 365 - Park 19th)* NATIONAL RURAL HEALTH MISSION (NRHM) - launched on 5th april 2005for a period of 7 years (2005-2012) The mission seeks to improve rural health care delivery system.Plan of action to strengthen infrastructure1. Creation of a cadre of Accredited social health activist (ASHA)**2. Strengthenng sub centres, PHC, CHCASHA1. Must be the resident of the village - women (25- 45 years) with formal education upto eighth class2. One ASHA for 1000 population3. The target is to select and train at least 40% of ASHA in the first year* Under the RCH programme a community health centre should be equipped to function as a first Referral Unit (FRU)**", "cop": 3, "opa": "Community health worker", "opb": "Village health guide", "opc": "Accredited social health activist", "opd": "Community health assistants", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health Programmes in India", "id": "eb465b8b-a59a-4ca6-8eb4-5199f8f1fa0a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Pearls index", "exp": "Pearl index is defined as the number of failures per 100 woman years of exposure (HWY) Failure rate per Hundred Women Years = Total accidental pregnancies X 1200/ Total months of exposure Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 510", "cop": 2, "opa": "Per 10 woman years", "opb": "Per 100 woman years", "opc": "Per 1000 woman years", "opd": "Per 10,000 woman years", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "511ee778-4f6c-494c-b702-1b2c80b52bcd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Quarantine is related to>", "exp": "Ans. is 'b' i.e. Maximum incubation period Quarantine - has been defined as The limitation of freedom of movement of such well person or domestic animals exposed to communicable disease for a period of time no longer than the longest usual incubation period of the disease in such a manner to prevent effective contact with those not so exposed. \"Also KnowIsolation -- It is the oldest communicable disease control measure.- It is defined as \"separation for the period of communicability of infected persons or animals from others, as to prevent or limit the direct or indirect transmissions of the infectious agent from those injected to those who are susceptible, or who may spread the agent to others\"In contrast to isolation, quarantine applies to restriction on the healthy contacts of an infectious disease. *", "cop": 2, "opa": "Minimum incubation period", "opb": "Maximum incubation period", "opc": "Serial interval", "opd": "Generation time", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Infectious Disease Epidemiology", "id": "981df750-5180-45e2-9b58-77bf87420bbe", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Association of Psychomotor learning", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Knowledge", "opb": "Attitudes", "opc": "Skills", "opd": "Belief", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "f3e1cc5e-a10f-4a93-aeb9-15511b6f5b08", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Employer's contribution to Employees State Insurance", "exp": "Ref:According to ESI Act amendment 2019", "cop": 1, "opa": "3.25", "opb": "3.5", "opc": "3.75", "opd": "3.2", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Hospital waste and disaster management, Occupational health", "id": "fc5240b7-e342-413d-9712-889573ce09d3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Hardy Weinberg law is related to", "exp": "Hardy Weinberg law: states that the genotype frequencies in a population remain constant or are in equilibrium from generation to generation unless specific disturbing influences are introduced.\n\nGenetic equilibrium (HW law) is a basic principle of population genetics; the entire principle is based on Mendelian genetics.\nDeviations in HW law:\n\nHW law fails to apply in:\n\nNon-random mating (assortative mating)\nNew mutations\nGenetic drift\nGene flow\nNatural selection (mortality selection, fecundity selection)\nSmall populations migrations\nDynamic populations.\n\nHW law assumes that human population is static, large and has random mating.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Gene therapy", "opb": "Population genetics", "opc": "Human genome project", "opd": "Eugenics", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "497f41d8-70cc-4cbc-9fe1-91e6aac4544f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not a component of communication process", "exp": "Component of communication process :\n\nSender.\nMessage.\nReceiver.\nFeedback.\nChannels.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Sender", "opb": "Message", "opc": "Feedback", "opd": "Propaganda", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "8179ba6e-f1c5-4245-b44e-e941ac336ceb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "'Burning Sole Syndrome' is seen in deficiency of", "exp": "Pantothenic acid deficiency was thought to be cause of 'Burning Feet/Sole syndrome' among prisoners of World War II Pantothenic acid is required by adrenal coex Ref: Harrison's 19th edition Pgno : 465", "cop": 3, "opa": "Riboflavin", "opb": "Pyridoxine", "opc": "Pantothenic acid", "opd": "Vitamin B12", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and health", "id": "71c0080e-80f5-46df-9062-e18b721bde53", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Concept of multipurpose workers was given by", "exp": "Ans. is 'c' i.e., Kaar Singh committee", "cop": 3, "opa": "Mudaliar committee", "opb": "Srivastava committee", "opc": "Kaar Singh committee", "opd": "Mukherjee committee", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "07f33f8b-675e-4530-a323-e6a2a05bbe86", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Best disinfectant for cholera stools is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Bleaching powder", "opb": "Coal-tar", "opc": "Cresol", "opd": "Formalin", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "794b6543-2dab-43bd-8c78-a7add00327a6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Sickness absenteeism is an useful index to assess", "exp": "Sickness absenteeism occurs when employees miss work for reasons stemming from health problems. The rate of sickness absenteeism is linked to the overall health of the workforce and also to specific factors in each individual profession. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 810", "cop": 1, "opa": "State of health of workers", "opb": "Worker management relationship", "opc": "Working environment", "opd": "Sincerity of workers", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "16f3f16c-72a7-4e0f-b9c5-53f254474dce", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The most impoant function of sentinel surveillance is", "exp": "Sentinal surveillance It estimates disease prevalence in a population. It's a method for identifying the missing cases and thereby supplementing the notified cases. It provides more detailed information than that which could be obtained from the traditional notification system. Ref: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 24th edition - Page no. 45", "cop": 1, "opa": "To find the total amount of disease in a population", "opb": "To find the incidence of the disease", "opc": "To determine the trend of disease in a population", "opd": "A more costly phenomenon", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "23da2ed0-2577-4997-987a-2603caf2c79a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Name of mumps vaccine is", "exp": "Widely used live attenuated mumps vaccine include the jeryl Lynn, RIT 4385, Leningrad-3, L-Zagreb and Urable strains. The current mumps strain (jeryl Lynn) has the lowest associated incidence of post-vaccine aseptic meningitis.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Jeryl Lynn", "opb": "Edmonshon Zagreb", "opc": "Schwatz", "opd": "Moraten", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "d3ce95e3-cc52-483b-9ef1-7004bd2bc26e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Casal's Necklace is seen in deficiency of", "exp": "Pellagra Pellagra occurs due to Vitamin B3 (Niacin) deficiency Pellagra is characterized by by 4D's : 1.Diarrhoea 2.Dermatitis 3.Dementia 4.Death. Skin rash in Pellagra may appear as pigmented and scaly in areas exposed to sunlight. Especially neck when it is known as 'Casal's Necklace' Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 657 Harrison's 15th edition Pgno : 463", "cop": 2, "opa": "Vitamin A", "opb": "Vitamin B3", "opc": "Vitamin B6", "opd": "Vitamin D", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and health", "id": "1f475f94-0f40-4903-99a4-526466416251", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Range of flight of Aedes", "exp": "Description: Range of flight: Anopheles 3-5 km Culex 11 km Aedes 100 m Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 25th Edition, Pg 831", "cop": 2, "opa": "1 km", "opb": "Less than 100m", "opc": "400 m", "opd": "10kms", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "9eaa67a1-4501-405e-acfe-66afea386cf8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Components of Kuppuswamy scale", "exp": "Income, occupation and education are components of Kuppuswamy scale. Modified Kuppuswamy scale: Scale of socioeconomic status of Urban families It comprises of 3 components: Education status of head of family Occupation status of head of family Income of family per month It has: Upper middle 16-25 Lower middle 11-15 Upper lower 05-10 Lower 00-04", "cop": 2, "opa": "Housing, Livestock, land", "opb": "Income, Occupation, Education", "opc": "Income, Housing, Education", "opd": "Income, Livestock, Housing", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "FMGE 2019", "id": "3c6cc01d-6004-4bdd-975f-75ab3a7644f9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Burden of disease is detected by", "exp": "Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) is a measure of overall disease burden expressed as a number of years lost due to ill health, disability or early death. Ref: 25th edition Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 26", "cop": 1, "opa": "DALY", "opb": "Sullivan's Index", "opc": "IMR", "opd": "Survival index", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "a802e0ae-1f5a-4802-98f7-568bbc9d75d1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "ROME scheme recommended by", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Srivastava committee", "opb": "Bhore committee", "opc": "Bajaj committee", "opd": "Krishnan committee", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "3dab2a23-b47e-4df0-b174-7666346314a9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Likelihood ratio for positive results is;", "exp": "Likelihood ratio for Positive :\n       LR+= Sensitivity / (1-specificity)\nLikelihood Ratio for Negative :\n      LR- = (1-Sensitivity) / Specificity", "cop": 1, "opa": "Sensitivity / (1-specificity)", "opb": "Specificity / (1-Sensitivity)", "opc": "(1-Sensitivity) / Specificity", "opd": "(1-specificity) / Sensitivity", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "25dbc4f4-6f8d-475a-9ff7-828fc785aadf", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Denominator of dependency ratio includes population of age", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": ">15 years + > 65 years", "opb": "15 - 65 years of age", "opc": "< 65 years", "opd": "> 65 years", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "3534eee7-b400-432e-8184-4e203e4a7a9e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Indicator of Remote contamination of water", "exp": "Bacteriological Indicators of Water Quality E Coli: Best indicator. Ideally water should be coliform free except large urban water supplies where up to 5% contamination is acceptable if samples are taken up to 1year. For this screening test used is presumptive coliform count, MPN (Most Probable Number) and multiple tube test. Diagnostic test is EIJKMAN'S test. Faecal streptococci: Best tells recent contamination Clostridium perfringens: Best tells remote contamination", "cop": 2, "opa": "Fecal Streptococci", "opb": "Clostridium Perfirengens", "opc": "E. Coli", "opd": "Salmonella Typhi", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Water", "id": "2c5e5b38-2122-42bb-bd07-9ccaa7ef3a3f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Training period of ASHA", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed", "cop": 2, "opa": "13 days", "opb": "23 days", "opc": "33 days", "opd": "43 days", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health care of community & international health", "id": "d8744281-34cf-4ecc-af34-d63705eaa1a2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Tertiary prevention among the following is", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Vaccination", "opb": "Sputum test for TB case", "opc": "Health education", "opd": "Rehabilitation", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "202526af-159b-41cd-a882-596d7714f8a5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Demographic process includes", "exp": "Demographic process work on\n\nMarriage.\nFertility.\nMortality.\nMigration.\nSocial mobility.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Morbidity", "opb": "Marriage", "opc": "Family planning", "opd": "Education", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6bb0c87f-b595-43b3-813e-5f7461ba8ff0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Best indicators of the pollution", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Soiling Index", "opb": "Air pollution Index", "opc": "Sulphur dioxide", "opd": "Breteau Index", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "77893986-0a9a-4727-a03b-7e67f484f8b3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Training duration of Traditional bih attendant (TBA) is", "exp": "Traditional bih attendant (TBA) Location - village level Population norm - 1/1000 Education - NO Training - 30 days (1 months)", "cop": 1, "opa": "1 month", "opb": "3 months", "opc": "4 months", "opd": "12 months", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Rural & Urban Health Centres, Workers, Norms", "id": "2ea54572-1b0a-4032-9dc4-3dbee1370ade", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Secondary attack rate (SAR) denominator includes", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Population", "opb": "Primary case", "opc": "Exposed susceptible contacts", "opd": "Person developing symptoms", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e13ce8e3-5577-4e6d-a83f-04018dea5e9a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Under passive surveillance for tuberculosis, indication for sputum microscopy cough is for weeks or more", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "8 weeks", "opb": "4 weeks", "opc": "6 weeks", "opd": "3 weeks", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b9d933a2-1542-44cd-b0a6-f024473f3fa7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Epidemic dropsy is caused by", "exp": "Ans. (a) Sanguinarine", "cop": 1, "opa": "Sanguinarine", "opb": "Ergot", "opc": "Alkaloid", "opd": "BOAA", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and Health", "id": "05bcd2ff-0b8e-460c-932c-e349153f7419", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Ujjwala scheme is for prevention of", "exp": "UJJAWALA SCHEME:\n\nDescription: A Comprehensive Scheme for Prevention of Trafficking and Rescue, Rehabilitation and Re-integration of Victims of Trafficking for Commercial sexual exploitation\nMinistry: Ministry of Women and Child Development\nLaunch: 4th December 2007\n\nTarget Group/ Beneficiaries (V-V): Women and children, who are\n– Vulnerable to trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation\n– Victims of trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation\nMain Components \n– Prevention\n– Rescue\n– Rehabilitation\n– Re-Integration\n– Repatriation (Cross-border)", "cop": 3, "opa": "Child abuse", "opb": "Child labour", "opc": "Child trafficking", "opd": "Child marriage", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "4f21240f-2f7e-4399-a4bc-9208e01f228d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Endemic Acites and Epidemic dropsy caused due to, adulterants respectively", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Argemone mexicana oil and Claviceps fusiformis", "opb": "Crotalaria seeds and Khesari Dal", "opc": "Crotalaria seeds and Argemone mexicana oil", "opd": "Claviceps fusiformis and Lathyrus sativus", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "cfef1442-07f4-4671-a55f-04b1c251dac4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord is due to deficiency of", "exp": "Ans. is 'c' i.e., Vitamin B12", "cop": 3, "opa": "VitaminA", "opb": "Vitamin C", "opc": "Vitamin B12", "opd": "Vitamin B3(Niacin)", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "185f0dcb-d689-4765-82de-f0e89b83cb29", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "KSY is", "exp": "At present, there are two schemes for adolescent girls &;Kishore shakti yojana&; and &;Nutrition programme for adolescent girls&;Kishore shakti yojana is being implemented using the infrastructure of ICDS. The scheme targets adolescent girls in the age group of 11 to 18 years and address their needs of self-development, nutrition and health status, literacy and numerical and vocational skills.Nutrition programme for adolescent girls also being implemented using the infrastructure of ICDS. Undernourished adolescent girls in the age group 11 to 19 years (<30 in 11-15 ages and <35 in 15 to 19) are covered under the scheme.Park 23e pg: 592", "cop": 2, "opa": "Empowerment of females under maternity benefit scheme", "opb": "Adolescent girls scheme under ICDS", "opc": "Free and compulsory education for girl child", "opd": "Child care home scheme female juvenile delinquents", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Maternal and child care", "id": "44f96048-66e0-4b34-8a32-185c72a171dd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Colours code not used in IMNCI", "exp": "Integrated management of neonatal and childhood illness Red -urgent referral Yellow - Treated as opd Green - Home management", "cop": 1, "opa": "Red", "opb": "Pink", "opc": "Yellow", "opd": "Green", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Maternal and child care", "id": "8348dac4-29e2-42dc-83d6-c1c4e2727c2f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In the demographic cycle, the contraction of demographic gap starts in", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Early part of II stage", "opb": "Late part of II stage", "opc": "Early part of III stage", "opd": "Late part of III stage", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c174d3d6-b9c3-477c-8fd4-6ea7a32a6bcc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Corpulence Index Normal valve", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "< 1.2", "opb": "> 1.2", "opc": "2.2", "opd": "< 0.2", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ca37147f-cfa1-4c8a-aa1a-8e178007a33d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Under NPCB,screening of school children is first done by", "exp": "SCHOOL EYE SCREENING PROGRAMME :(According to NPCB) 6-7 per cent of children aged 10-14 years have problem with their eye sight affecting their learning at school. Children are being first screened by trained teachers. Children suspected to have refractive error are seen by ophthalmic assistants and corrective spectacles are prescribed or given free for persons below povey line. Ref: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25 th Edition Pgno : 458", "cop": 1, "opa": "School teacher", "opb": "ASHA", "opc": "Medical officer", "opd": "Opthalmic assistant", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Non communicable diseases", "id": "8fc77838-f2d6-4cb5-aa92-cced59ec0085", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Acrodermatitis enteropathica is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Inherited disorder of impaired uptake of zinc from body", "opb": "Inherited disorder of excessive excretion of zinc from body", "opc": "Inherited disorder of excessive excretion of copper from body", "opd": "Inherited disorder of impaired uptake of copper from body", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "d566e5bd-38af-4933-9e9b-72999b8ab598", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A tool for increasing consensus among a large no. of people is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Delphi method", "opb": "Chalk and talk (lecture)", "opc": "Television", "opd": "Interpersonal communication (IPC)", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e55b78b5-bdc8-4c25-b3f3-092d2cbd29dc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The reference protein is", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Cow's milk", "opb": "Hen's Egg", "opc": "Meat", "opd": "Fish", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "9e179c99-bc5c-46b6-b950-bf576b418592", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The noh Kerelia project evaluate risk factors of", "exp": "Noh kerelia project:Noh Kerelia is a county in the eastern pa of Finland, where CHD is paicularly common. A multiple risk factor intervention trial was staed in 1972. The project had two aims: 1. to reduce the high levels of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and 2. to promote the early diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular disease. Ref: Park; 23rd ed; Pg 371", "cop": 2, "opa": "Diabetes", "opb": "Coronary hea disease", "opc": "Cancers", "opd": "Obesity", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Non communicable diseases", "id": "a454be95-d131-42e6-b223-c1372f0c3e06", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Association of cause and effect testing in different stting by different methods to assess", "exp": "Ans. is 'c' i.e., Consistency Consistency of association The association is consistent if the results are replicated when studies in different settings and by different methods. For example, different studies in different settings have proved smoking as one of the cause for lung cancer - Smoking has consistent association with lung cancer.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Coherence", "opb": "Specificity", "opc": "Consistency", "opd": "Strength", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b2b08ba9-9c81-4f19-8b3e-bb61ed1627bf", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The systemic study of human disease and social conditions/factors is known as", "exp": "SOCIAL PATHOLOGY The term \"social pathology\" is given a restricted interpretation linking it to povey, crime, delinquency and vagrancy. In the modern context, the term is also used to describe the relation between disease and social conditions. The social pathology of accidents, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic bronchitis have all been subject of recent investigations in medical literature. Social pathology is uncovered by \"social surveys\". Ref : Park 25th edition Pgno : 710", "cop": 2, "opa": "Social physiology", "opb": "Social pathology", "opc": "Socialised medicine", "opd": "Social Medicine", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Social science, Mental health & Genetics", "id": "47732234-e21f-47fa-8dca-db3dff6335fe", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Acute Hepatitis B marker(s) is/ are", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "HBsAg", "opb": "HBeAg", "opc": "Anti HBc", "opd": "Anti HBs", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "48d6cd86-ea34-4ea6-aa46-08b15a532a5f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Besides 3 D’s (Diarrhoea, Dermatitis & Dementi(a) of Niacin deficiency, 4th D indicates", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Death", "opb": "Destruction", "opc": "Debilitating", "opd": "Disability", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b954dfb2-598c-4cb6-aca1-3734aaf954f0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "\"Secular trends' relates with", "exp": "(C) Time > The term secular trends implies changes in the occurrence of disease i.e. a progressive increase or decrease over a long period of time generally several years or decades> Cyclic trends : refer to diseases occurring in cycles spread over short period of time which may be days, weeks, months or years> Seasonal tread: refers to diseases due to seasonal variation", "cop": 3, "opa": "Age", "opb": "Religion", "opc": "Time", "opd": "Place", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "9c9392e8-c14e-400f-aa16-65730025869f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Failure rate of Pomeroy's technique is", "exp": "Pomeroy method The most popular technique of tubal ligation is the Pomeroy operation. The fallopian tube is identified on each side, brought out through the incision, and the middle poion is formed into a loop which is tied at the base with catgut and excised. Thefailurerateis only0.4% and it is mainly due to spontaneous canalization. The operation is simple, requires sho hospitalization, does not require sophisticated and expensive equipment like a laparoscope, and can be performed in primary health centre by a doctor trained in this procedure. It is surgically reversible. Ref: Shaw textbook of gynecology 16th edition Pgno : 282", "cop": 1, "opa": "0.1-0.5%", "opb": "0.5-1%", "opc": "1-2%", "opd": "5-10%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "4811ded8-28bf-455b-8bdf-6555e63981d1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most reliable test for screening of diabetes mellitus", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Random blood sugar", "opb": "Urine sugar", "opc": "Glucose tolerance test", "opd": "Fasting blood sugar", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "fe7a05ef-b941-40f6-a846-96bb1d8f0e95", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Physical Quality of life Index Components", "exp": "Components of PQLI:Infant Moality Life expectancy at age oneLiteracyPQLI is scaled from 0 to 100.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Life expectancy at bih", "opb": "Knowledge", "opc": "Life expectancy at age one", "opd": "Standard of Living", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "be8dc1e6-9eef-4996-8fea-c773d78729c3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Population count is taken on", "exp": "The decennial Census of India has been conducted 15 times, As of 2011. While it has been conducted every 10 years, beginning in 1872, the first complete census was taken in the year 1881. Post 1949, it has been conducted by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.\nAll the census since 1951 are conducted under 1948 Census of India Act.\nThe last census was held in 2011 and next census will be held in 2021.", "cop": 3, "opa": "1st January", "opb": "1st March", "opc": "1st July", "opd": "1st August", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c1ffbca5-d63e-4145-a77c-912b900d6c1b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The completed family size may be estimated by", "exp": "Total feility rate represents the average number of children a woman would have if she were to pass through her reproductive years bearing children at the same rates as the women now in each age group It gives the appropriate magnitude of completed family size Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 489", "cop": 3, "opa": "Bih rate", "opb": "Death rate", "opc": "Total feility rate", "opd": "Age specific feility rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "97574a40-e758-4640-8abb-44cbbfaea680", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Denominator in maternal mortality rate (MMR) is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Total no of females in Reproductive age group", "opb": "Total population", "opc": "No. of live Births", "opd": "Total no of pregnant women", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "43da8a2d-8952-49d5-a1e7-aed49acb2221", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "An example of a two way discussion", "exp": "One way communication\nTwo way communication\n\n\n\nDIDACTIC METHOD\nExamples :\n\nLecture method\nRadio\nTV\nNews paper\n\n\n\nSOCRATIC METHOD\nExamples :\n\nSymphosium\nPanel discussion\nFour group discussion", "cop": 1, "opa": "Symposium", "opb": "Television", "opc": "Radio", "opd": "News paper", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "33041a17-8a7c-4d4e-84c6-41472e02c205", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Economic benefits of any programme are compared with the costs incurred in", "exp": "Cost-benefit analysis, in which benefits are compared to cost of the program. The benefits are expressed in monetary termsThe main drawback with this technique is that benefits in the health field, as a result of a paicular programme, cannot always be expressed in monetary terms.Park 23e pg:871", "cop": 1, "opa": "Cost benefit analysis", "opb": "Cost effective analysis", "opc": "Cost accounting", "opd": "Net work analysis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health education & planning", "id": "222bf9c5-a4fd-48f4-9245-8440acccd1bb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Iodine RDA is", "exp": "Requirement of iodine The daily requirement of iodine for adults is placed at 150 micrograms. The recommendations of WHO of 250 mcg per day for iodine during pregnancy have also been adopted. This amount is normally supplied by well- balanced diet and drinking water except in regions where Food and water are deficient in iodine. Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed Pgno : 662", "cop": 3, "opa": "300 micrograms", "opb": "200 micrograms", "opc": "150 micrograms", "opd": "50 micrograms", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and health", "id": "1ca4ce75-7cb1-4797-9c60-5e43251c313d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In sample registration system independent survey is done at every", "exp": "SRS is a dual record system initiated to provide reliable estimates of bih and death rates.It consists of a continuous enumeration of bihs and deaths by an enumerator and an independent survey every 6 months by an investigator-supervisor.Park 23e pg: 841", "cop": 2, "opa": "2 months", "opb": "6 months", "opc": "12 months", "opd": "2 years", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "91834331-4b52-4132-9f56-1f81ac179665", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "For a given population, minimum no. of newborns to be examined for calculating percentage of LBW of babies", "exp": "Low bih weight (LBW): Bih weight less than 2500grams (2.5 kg) . It includes both pre-term (<37 weeks POG) and full-term (>37 weeks POG) babies. Prevelence of LBW: 15% (World); 18% (India); If cutoff for LBW is reduced to 2.0 kg, expected prevelence of LBW inn India will be 5.5% LBW is regardless of gestational age. Depending on the population, the percentage of LBW be based on measurements of atleast 500 babies. Goal for LBW in National Health Policy 1983: Reduce LBW to <10% by 2000. Ref: Park 22th edition Pgno: 495", "cop": 2, "opa": "100 babies", "opb": "500 babies", "opc": "1000 babies", "opd": "10,000 babies", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Maternal and child care", "id": "325bbb66-2f48-47fc-a334-37ee5353a27d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Types of Growth Chas used by Anganwadi workers (ICDS) for growth monitoring", "exp": "ICDS GROWTH CHA: In NRHM and ICDS, Government of India has adopted WHO Child Growth Standards (also known as MGRS 'Multicentre Growth Reference Study' Standards) Normal zone - Road of health Below -2 SD: Malnutrition Below -3 SD: Severe Malnutrition", "cop": 3, "opa": "NCHS", "opb": "IAP", "opc": "MGRS", "opd": "CDC", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Growth and Development", "id": "5766dd86-8aba-42c6-97b8-f1cc98aa3c21", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Holder method of pasteurization is not effective to kill", "exp": "All nonsporing pathogens like Mycobacterium, Brucellae and salmonella are destroyed by pasteurisation Coxiella burnetti is relatively heat-resistant and may survive Holder method Ref: Essential of microbiology by Kumar 1st edition Pgno : 27 Pasteurization of milk Pasteurization may be defined as the heating of milk to such temperatures and for such periods of time as are required to destroy any pathogens that may be present while causing minimal changes in the composition, flavour and nutritive value (WHO, 1970). There are several methods of pasteurization. Three are widely used : (1) Holder (Vat) method : In this process, milk is kept at 63-66 deg C for at least 30 minutes, and then quickly cooled to 5 deg C. Vat method is recommended for small and rural communities. In larger cities, it is going out of use. (2) HTST method : Also known as \"High Temperature and Sho Time Method\". Milk is rapidly heated to a temperature of nearly 72 deg C, is held at that temperature for not less than 15 seconds, and is then rapidly cooled to 4 deg C. This is now the most widely used method. Very large quantities of milk per hour can be pasteurized by this method. (3) UHT Method : Also known as \"ultra-high temperature method.\" Milk is rapidly heated usually in 2 stages (the second stage usually being under pressure) to 125 deg C for a few seconds only. It is then rapidly cooled and bottled as quickly as possible. Pasteurization is a preventive measure of public health impoance and corresponds in all respects to the modern principles of supplying safe milk. Pasteurization kills nearly 90 per cent of the bacteria in milk including the more heat-resistant tubercle bacillus and the Q fever organisms. But it will not kill thermoduric bacteria nor the bacterial spores. Therefore, despite pasteurization, with subsequent rise in temperature, the bacteria are bound to multiply. In order to check the growth of microorganisms, pasteurized milk is rapidly cooled to 4 deg C. It should be kept cold until it reaches the consumer. Hygienically produced pasteurized milk has a keeping quality of not more than 8 to 12 hours at 18 degC. Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 692", "cop": 2, "opa": "Brucella", "opb": "Coxiella", "opc": "Mycobacteria", "opd": "Salmonella", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and health", "id": "eef0a918-ce54-4f1a-bb8b-2c6cb3933120", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Drug of choice for cholera chemoprophylaxis is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Erythromycin", "opb": "Ampicilline", "opc": "Tetracyclines", "opd": "Ciprofloxacin", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "f15ea8c5-231d-4765-a509-3f6b4436679c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Acceptable safe dose of radiation during pregnancy is", "exp": "Exposure to radiation is a positive danger to the developing fetus. The most common source of radiation is abdominal X-ray during pregnancy.Leukemias are significantly seen in children exposed to intrauterine X-ray in addition to congenital malformationsX-rays should be carried out only for definite indications with dosage kept to a minimum Ref: Park; 23rd ed; Pg 527", "cop": 4, "opa": "0.5 rad", "opb": "1 rad", "opc": "2 rad", "opd": "5 rad", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "716e9a87-b88d-4169-9e13-5c9d6336cc37", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "CBNAAT stands for", "exp": "Caridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) is a recently introduced polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based method for detection of TB. It also detects rifampicin resistance as it targets the rpoB gene of mycobacteria. CBNAAT is a Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific automated, caridge-based nucleic acid amplification assay, having fully integrated and automated amplification and detection using real-time PCR, providing results within 100 minutes. It is a highly specific test as it uses 3 specific primers and 5 unique molecular probes to target the rpoB gene of M. tuberculosis, which is the critical gene associated with rifampicin resistance.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Caridge based nucleic acid amplification test", "opb": "Computer based nucleic acid amplification test", "opc": "Chromatograohy based new amino acid test", "opd": "Care based new Amino Acid test", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "8199d7b2-68e7-4fcc-b84a-a3a88f4b77ab", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Chiggerosis is due to", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Bed bug", "opb": "Louse", "opc": "Tick", "opd": "Rat Hea", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "0b45e2cc-7476-4914-9625-4163411f9c29", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The source of endogenous radiation is", "exp": "Ans. is 'b' i.e.. Potassium o Radiation is pa of man's environment.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Radon", "opb": "Potassium", "opc": "Thorium", "opd": "Uranium", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "10571aa8-d767-49ca-9685-a808e4cb5fbb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "After birth, care of eye of newborn is by", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "AgNO3 eye drop", "opb": "Antibiotics", "opc": "Normal saline", "opd": "Crede’s method", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ae835e6f-2272-4558-bc39-ca6b214ae6de", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Nalgonda technique is used in", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Epidemic dropsy", "opb": "Endemic ascites", "opc": "Endemic fluorosis", "opd": "Chlorination of water", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "814347ea-9017-4a36-907e-81402c13023a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Maize is pellagragenic due to excess content of", "exp": "Amino acid imbalance caused by an excess of leucine is the cause of pellagra in maize (also jowar), eaters.Excess of leucine appears to interfere in the conversion of tryptophan to niacin.Park 23e pg: 619", "cop": 3, "opa": "Lysine", "opb": "Threonine", "opc": "Leucine", "opd": "Tryptophan", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "a32258a5-8b2a-4d01-a3cb-f1d7335ad682", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common cancer world wide", "exp": "Most common cancer in males in India → Oro-pharyngeal Ca (Aero-digestive Ca).\nMost common cancer in males in world → Lung Ca. o Most common cancer in females in India → Cervical cancer,\nMost common cancer in females in world → Brast Ca. o Most common overall cancer in the world (combined male & female) → Lung cancer,\nMost common cancer related death in males in India & in world → Ca lung, o Most common cancer related death in females in India & in world → Breast cancer.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Lung", "opb": "Prostate", "opc": "Liver", "opd": "Kidney", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6d37654b-4574-4b70-93bc-5242b8be033c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "IPV is given at", "exp": "As a pa of Polio endgame strategy, Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) vaccine has been introduced across all the states of the country. IPV is provided either as a single dose at 14 weeks of age or as two fractional doses at 6 weeks and 14 weeks of age.Park 24e pg no: 218", "cop": 3, "opa": "6 weeks", "opb": "6 & 10 weeks", "opc": "6 & 14 weeks", "opd": "6, 10 & 14 weeks", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "3c9cbf23-88f6-4301-859c-086d70e56dd0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "John snow;s discovery of cholera is an example", "exp": ".John Snow&;s map of cholera outbreaks from nineteenth century London changed how we saw a disease.John Snow who famously identified a pump as being the source of a cholera outbreak in 1854. Dr. Snow believed sewage dumped into the river or into cesspools near town wells could contaminate the water supply, leading to a rapid spread of disease. In August of 1854 Soho, a suburb of London, was hit hard by a terrible outbreak of cholera. Dr. Snows himself lived near Soho, and immediately went to work to prove his theory that contaminated water was the cause of the outbreak. \"Within 250 yards of the spot where Cambridge Street joins Broad Street there were upwards of 500 fatal attacks of cholera in 10 days,\" Dr. Snow wrote \"As soon as I became acquainted with the situation and extent of this irruption (sic) of cholera, I suspected some contamination of the water of the much-frequented street-pump in Broad Street.\" Dr. Snow worked around the clock to track down information from hospital and public records on when the outbreak began and whether the victims drank water from the Broad Street pump. Snow suspected that those who lived or worked near the pump were the most likely to use the pump and thus, contract cholera. His pioneering medical research paid off. By using a geographical grid to cha deaths from the outbreak and investigating each case to determine access to the pump water, Snow developed what he considered positive proof the pump was the source of the epidemic.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Natural experiments", "opb": "Spot map study", "opc": "Randomized trial", "opd": "Sho study", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "36422b91-934d-4bb2-9064-9d80ab95c454", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Screening for breast cancer using mammography is", "exp": "Secondary prevention is the identification and treatment of premalignant or subclinical cancers. Screening by means of mammography is a typical example of secondary prevention. Teiary prevention is defined as symptoms control and rehabilitation. Screening for breast cancer There is evidence that screening for breast cancer has a ourable effect on moality from breast cancer. The basic techniques for early detection of breast cancer are : (a} breast self-examination (BSE) by the patient (b) palpation by a physician (c) thermography (d) mammography. All women should be encouraged to perform breast self- examination. Breast cancers are more frequently found by women themselves than by a physician during a routine examination. Although the effectiveness of BSE has not been adequately quantified, it is a useful adjuvant to early case detection. In many countries, BSE will probably be the only feasible approach to wide population coverage for a long time to come. Palpation is unreliable for large fatty breasts. Thermography has the advantage that the patient is not exposed to radiation. Unfounately, it is not a sensitive tool. Mammography is most sensitive and specific in detecting small tumours that are sometimes missed on palpation. The use of mammography has three potential drawbacks: (i) exposure to radiation. This may amount to a dose of 500 milliroentgen compared to a 30-40 milliroentgen dose received in chest X-ray. Therefore, there has been concern about exposure to radiation from repeated mammographies and the risk of breast cancer developing as a result (ii) mammography requires technical equipment of a high standard and radiologists with very considerable experience - these two factors limit its more widespread use for mass screening purposes, and (iii) biopsy from a suspicious lesion may end up in a false-positive in as many as 5-10 cases for each case of cancer detected. Although recent evidence points to the superiority of mammography over clinical examination in terms of sensitivity and specificity, medical opinion is against routine mammography on the very young. Women under 35 years of age should not have X-rays unless they are symptomatic or a family history of early onset of breast cancer Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 387", "cop": 3, "opa": "Primordial prevention", "opb": "Primary prevention", "opc": "Secondary prevention", "opd": "Teiary Prevention", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "0654d505-907d-40bf-a220-4cbc346f4f91", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The 10days rule is related to", "exp": "The \"10-day rule\" recommended that, in women of child-bearing potential, non-urgent x-ray examinations that entailed pelvic irradiation should be restricted to the first 10 days of the menstrual cycle. Its rationale was to avoid irradiating a fetus before the mother realised that she was pregnant. In 1984, however, the International Commission on Radiological Protection repoed that there was little, if any, the risk of damaging the fetus during the first two weeks of gestation--that is before the first period was missed.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Sewage disposal", "opb": "Air quality", "opc": "Water quality", "opd": "Radiation protection in pregnancy", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "443bf8ec-e986-4001-ad60-dc33eb1d7760", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Highest Contraceptive failure is repoed in", "exp": "- Spermicidal methods has pearl index of 10-25 / HWY ( Highest ). - Contain chemical - Non oxynol 9 - MOA - By rupture of plasma membrane of Acrosomal cap.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Spermicidal methods", "opb": "Implant", "opc": "Oral contraceptive pills", "opd": "IUD", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "FMGE 2018", "id": "4b4190c9-81ff-4751-987a-4565f39d172b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Duration of maternal benefit under ESI acts is", "exp": "Ans. is 'c' i.e., 12 wks Maternity benefit For confinement, the duration of benefit is 12 weeks. o For miscarriage it is 6 weeks. o For sickness arising out of confinement it is 30 days. o The benefit is allowed at about full wages.", "cop": 3, "opa": "4 wks", "opb": "8 wks", "opc": "12 wks", "opd": "24 wks", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "84506ef5-f72d-4223-b125-040ea454fcc8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Chemical used in vaginal sponge is", "exp": "Vaginal sponge is a small polyurethane foam sponge saturated with spermicide, nonoxynol-9 It comes under barrier method of contraception Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 495", "cop": 4, "opa": "Ethynil estradiol", "opb": "Progesterone", "opc": "Mifepristone", "opd": "Nonoxynol-9", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "5793302f-b370-47b3-b879-6e3605975d50", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Berkesonian bias refers to", "exp": "Ans. is 'a' i.e., different rates of admission to the hospital Bias is any systematic error in the determination of the association between the exposure and diseaseMany varieties of bias are seen: a) Bias due to confounding : This bias arises because of the confounding factors.\"A confounding factor is defined as one which is associated with both exposure and disease and is distributed unequally in study and control groups *. More specifically a confounding factor is one that although associated with exposure under investigation is itself independent of any such associations, a risk factor for the disease.\" * This bias can be removed by matching in case control study.Memory or recall bias : When cases and controls are asked questions about their past history, it may be for the cases to recall the existence of certain events or factors than the controls who are healthy personsSelection Bias: The cases and controls may not be representative of cases and controls in the general population.Interviewer bias: Bias may also occur when the interviewer knows the hypothesis and also knows who the cases are. This prior information may lead him to question the cases more thoroughly than controls regarding a positive history of the suspected causal factor. This type of bias can be eliminated by double blinding.Lead time bias: This leads to an apparent increase in survival among patients whose disease is detected by screening. For example 5 year survival of cancer patients identified on screening might appear to be prolonged simply as a result of starting to count the survival time earlier in the course of disease.Berksonian Bias: It's a special example of bias termed after Dr. Joseph Berkson who recognized this problem. The bias arises because of the different rates of admission to hospitals for people with different diseases.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Different rates of admission to the hospital", "opb": "Interviewers bias", "opc": "Reduces bias", "opd": "Systematic difference in characteristic cases and controls", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiological Study", "id": "1ade9c5a-380e-41c2-ad73-697582c4dae5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "For the yellow fever control, distance around airport to be kept free of Aedes breeding is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "200m", "opb": "250m", "opc": "400m", "opd": "450m", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b1ffa137-162f-4a41-8226-1d9589ef8308", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Program for screening developmental delay, deficiency and neonatal genetic defects", "exp": "Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram - RBSK (Child Health Screening and Early Intervention Services) is an initiative aiming at early identification and early intervention for children from bih to 18 years to cover 4 'D's viz. Defects at bih, Deficiencies, Diseases, Development delays including disability. Selected Health Conditions for Child Health Screeniong & Early Intervention Services Defects at Bih Deficiencies 1. Neural tube defect 2. Down' Syndrome 3. Cleft Lip & Palate / Cleft palate alone 4. Talipes (club foot) 5. Developmental dysplasia of the hip 6. Congenital cataract 7. Congenital deafness 8. Congenital hea diseases 9. Retinopathy of Prematurity 10. Anaemia especially Severe anaemia 11. Vitamin A deficiency (Vitot spot) 12. Vitamin D Deficiecny, (Rickets) 13. Severe Acute Malnutrition 14. Goiter Diseases of Childhood Developmental delays and Disabilities 15. Skin Conditions (Scabies, fungal infection and Eczema) 16. Otitis Media 17. Rheumatic hea disease 18. Reactive airway disease 19. Dental conditions 20. Convulsive disorders 21. Vision Implairment 22. Hearing Impairment 23. Neuor-motor Impairment 24. Motor delay 25. Cognitive delay 26. Language delay 27. Behaviour disorder (Autism) 28. Learning disorder 29. Attention deficit hyperactivity diorder 30. Congenital Hypothyroidism, Sickle cell anemia, Beta thalassemia (Optional) Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram : Development of adolescent population (10-19 yrs); Weekly supplementation of 60mg of iron & 500 mcg Folic Acid. Develop menstrual hygiene by giving a pack of 6 sanitary napkins for 6 Rs by ASHA. Enhancement of mental health; prevention of violence, abuse.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY)", "opb": "Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK)", "opc": "Rashtriya Bal Swasthya karyakaram (RBSK)", "opd": "Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "JIPMER 2018", "id": "e1408ffc-c61a-4980-9731-290fe27d31a6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Iron requirement per day in pregnant woman is", "exp": "Iron intake per day in Non-Pregnant woman is 21mg/day\nIron required per day in Non-pregnant woman is 1.6mg/day\nIron intake per day in Pregnant woman is 35mg/day\nIron requirement per day in pregnant woman is 2.8mg/day\nTotal iron requirement in pregnancy is 1000mg", "cop": 2, "opa": "1.6mg/day", "opb": "2.8mg/day", "opc": "4 mg/day", "opd": "65 mg/day", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "916cddbf-350c-4649-8d60-57063e1e2ccf", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Primary prevention includes", "exp": "Primary prevention is defined as action taken prior to the onset of the disease which removes the possibility that a disease will ever occur. It includes health promotion and specific protection. Health promotion includes health education + environmental modifications+ nutritional interventions+ lifestyle and behavioral changes. Specific protection- fundamental public health measures and activities such as sanitation; infection control; immunization; protection of food, milk, and water supplies; environmental protection; and protection against occupational hazards and accidents, chemoprophylaxis, use of specific nutrients. Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 24th edition, Page no. 47", "cop": 1, "opa": "Immunization", "opb": "Chorionic villi sampling", "opc": "Pap smear", "opd": "Self breast examination", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "18ac0310-8b04-42fc-b373-95c800fdfb15", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Treatment of recently sputum positive case of pulmonary TB is", "exp": "Ans. c (RMP + INH + PZM + ETM); (Ref. Park PSM 22nd/pg. 175)Treatment categories and sputum examination schedule in DOTS chemotherapy in IndiaTREATMENT REGIMENSPUTUM EXAMINATIONS FOR PULMONARY TBCategory of treatmentType of patientRegimenPret- reat- ment sputumTest at monthIF: result is-----THEN:New cases Category I Red BoxNew sputum smear-positiveNew sputum smear-negativeNew extra-pulmonary**New others2(HRZEE)3+4(HR)3+2-Start continuation phase, test sputum again at 4 and 6 months +Continue intensive phase for one more monthComplete the treatment in 7 monthsPreviouslyTreatedCategory IIBlue BoxSputum smear positiveRelapse***Sputum smear-positiveFailure***Sputum smear-positive treatment after default others2(HRZES)3+1(HRZE)3+5(HRE)3+3-Start continuation phase, test sputum again at 5 months 6 months, completion of treatment + + Continue intensive phase for one more month, test sputum again at 4 months if sputum is positive send sputum for culture and drug sensitivity as it might be a case of MDR-TB* The number before the laetters refers to the number of months of treatment. The subcript after the letters refers to the number of doses per week. H; Isoniazid (600 mg), R: Rifampi (450 mg), Z: pyrazinamide (1500 mg), E: Ethambutol (1200 mg), S: Streptomycin (750 mg).Patients who weigh more than 60 kg receilve additional Rifampicin 150 mg. Patients more than 50 years old receive streptomycin 500 mg.Patients in categories I and II, who have a positive sputum smear at the end of the initial intensive phase, receive an additional month of intensive phase treatment.** Examples of seriously ill extra-pulmonary TB cases are meningitis, disseminated TB, tuberculous pericarditis, peritonitis, bilateral or extensive pleurisy, spinal TB with neurological complications and intestinal and genito-urinary TB.*** In rare and exceptional cases, patients who are sputum smear-negative or who have extra-pulmonary disease can have relapse or failure. This diagnosis in all such cases should always be made by an MO and should be supported by culture or histological evidence of current, active tuberculosis. In these cases, the patient should be categorized as 'Other' and given Category II treatment. Any patient treated with Category I who has a positsive smear at 5 months of treatment should be considered a failure and started onCategory II treatment, afresh. If category I sputum smear-ve case fails to improve or if patient develops pulmonary signs and positive smear at the end of intensive phase, it is considered treatment failure. Start category II treatment and confirm failure by culture and perform DST.", "cop": 3, "opa": "RMP + INH + PZM", "opb": "RMP + INH + PZM + SMC", "opc": "RMP + INH + PZM + ETM", "opd": "RMP + INH + ETM", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable Diseases", "id": "aeb834d8-c8b4-47bc-944c-17281e690401", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "According to Motor vehicle Act 1988, punishable quantity of Alcohol in blood is", "exp": "(A) 30 ml In 100 ml of blood> I.P.C. Sec. 185 Driving by a drunken person or by a person under the influence of drugs. - Whoever, while driving, or at- tempting to drive, a motor vehicle -(a) has, in his blood, alcohol exceeding 30 mg Per 100 ml. of blood detected in a test by a breath analyser, or(b) is under the influence of a drug to such an extent as to be incapable of exercising proper control over the vehicle.> shall be punishable for the first offence with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to two thousand rupees, or with both; and for a second or subsequent offence, if committed within three years of the commission of the previous similar offence, with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two year, or with fine which may extend to three thousand rupees, or with both.> Explanation - For the purposes of this section, the drug or drugs specified by the Central Government in this behalf, by notification in the Official Gazette, shall be deemed to render a person incapable of exercising proper control over a motor vehicle. Corresponding Law. - Section 185 corresponds to section 117 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939. Objects and Reasons. - Clause 185 provides for punishment or driving under the influence of drink or drug", "cop": 1, "opa": "30 ml in 100 ml of blood", "opb": "20 ml in 100 ml of blood", "opc": "10 ml in 100ml of blood", "opd": "15 ml in 100ml of blood", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "6d6451bf-c872-4d21-b72f-d9017b32e7d8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Regressiom between height and age follows y=a+bx.THe curve is", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed", "cop": 3, "opa": "Hyperbola", "opb": "Sigmoid", "opc": "Straight line", "opd": "Parabola", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "ca31e2f0-db39-458c-b216-4bea5a5c7a8e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Giving Benzathine penicillin in RHD is a type of", "exp": "Ans. is 'b' i.e. Secondary prevention Primary prevention is action taken prior to the onset of disease.Secondary prevention is action which halts the progress of the disease at its incipient stage and prevents complications.Thus giving Benzathine pencillin in RHd is a type of secondary prevention.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Primary prevention", "opb": "Secondary prevention", "opc": "Tertiary prevention", "opd": "Primordial prevention", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Non-Communicable Diseases", "id": "eb5c08d1-eb6e-4236-b697-483ab1cce978", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The following rodent is the natural reservoir of plague", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Mus musculus", "opb": "Tatera indica", "opc": "Rattus Rattus", "opd": "Rattus norvegicus", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "d22419aa-6be7-4378-9da4-e1008da24d5c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "RCH 1 does not include", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed", "cop": 4, "opa": "Family planning", "opb": "I", "opc": "CSSM", "opd": "Emergency obstetric care", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics", "id": "6e675aa3-bf8d-4931-a1cf-d5c0d73bc37c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "High sensitivity in a study means", "exp": "ANS. B* Sensitivity: A/(A+C) x 100Sensitivity is the probability that a test will indicate 'disease' among those with the disease.* Specificity: D/(D+B) x 100Specificity is the fraction of those without disease who will have a negative test result.* Positive Predictive Value: A/(A+B) x 100Positive predictive value--diagnostic power of a screening test to correctly identify the disease.* Negative Predictive Value: D/(D+C) x 100Negative predictive value--diagnostic power of a screening test to exclude the disease.# Important formulas in SPM1. Extra edge in sensitivity, specificityIn sequential testing (one diagnostic test is done, if that test is positive, same test is repeated again):- False positivity decreases- Specificity increases- Sensitivity decreasesIn parallel testing (two different diagnostic tests are done together):- False negativity decreases- Sensitivity increases- Specificity decreases(This question was asked in May and November session JIPMER 2017)2. Normal distribution curve3. Positive and negative skew* In positive skew: Mean > Median > Mode* In negative skew: Mean < Median < Mode4. Odds ratio = P/(l-P) {where, P is the probablity}.5. Sample size of a study = 4PQ/D2 {where, P = prevalence, Q = (1-P), D is error6. Standard error of a population[?] (PQ/sample size)7. Crude birth rate = (8 x total fertility rate) + 1.", "cop": 2, "opa": "If the disease is rare, then it means that patient is definitely having it.", "opb": "High chance of having a disease if the prevalence is high", "opc": "High chance of definitely having the disease", "opd": "High chance of not getting the disease.", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Screening for Disease", "id": "e39ad02c-9fed-4917-b09e-58de9516855b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Haemophilia is a genetic disorder of coagulation seen only in males. It is transmitted as", "exp": "Mendelian diseases and their inheritance:", "cop": 3, "opa": "X-linked dormant", "opb": "Y-linked dormant", "opc": "X-linked recessive", "opd": "Autosomal recessive", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e89ba6a8-289d-4b58-97e7-557e535d0422", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not a Right of consumers in consumer protection Act", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Right to get copies of medical record", "opb": "Right to seek second opinion", "opc": "Right to reject", "opd": "Right to information", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "92699959-786c-402d-a281-a3cb6b3e020d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Waste in yellow plastic bags are treated by", "exp": "Waste such as anatomical waste , solid waste,soiled waste , chemical waste is collected in yellow coloured bag and treated and disposed by incineration", "cop": 1, "opa": "Incineration", "opb": "Autoclaving", "opc": "Microwaving", "opd": "Shredding", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Hospital waste and disaster management, Occupational health", "id": "978e9f6e-71ee-4060-8729-6e0fea0c5c95", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The impoance of defining \"population at risk\" in an epidemic is", "exp": "The population census will help in computing the much-needed attack rates in various groups and subgroups of the population.Without an appropriate denominator of &;&;population at risk,&; attack rates cannot be calculated.Ref: Park 23rd edition pg: 130", "cop": 3, "opa": "Conduct survey", "opb": "Search for deaths", "opc": "Calculate attack rates", "opd": "Prepare case sheet", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "2796508e-0c7c-4034-aded-9d54bbfa3ab5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "National deworming day is on", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "10th Feb", "opb": "5th March", "opc": "22nd Feb", "opd": "12th November", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "d65354a5-77bc-4e70-9cc2-e32b18905f4c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common serotype causing meningococcus epidemics is", "exp": "Meningococal Meningitis Causative agent : N.meningitidis,a gran negative diplococci Serotypes A, B, C, D, 29E,W135,X,Y World wide Group A is the MC cause of Meningococcal Epidemics (except in America), especially in Sub saharan African belt Recently Group B, W-135, Y cases have staed increasing in World Epidemics caused by : A, C > B> W-135, Y Ref: Park 23rd edition Pgno : 166", "cop": 1, "opa": "A", "opb": "W - 135", "opc": "C", "opd": "Y", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "d7023366-eabb-43cd-88b0-c6705d8e301e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Mistuda reaction is read at", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "21st day", "opb": "10th day", "opc": "3rd day", "opd": "45th day", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "96ce8e3c-aea0-4481-ac52-db9cb435abbf", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Poverty line is defined as expenditure required for daily calorie consumption below", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "1800", "opb": "2100", "opc": "2000", "opd": "2200", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "0c8a5e1f-fa9c-4724-b23b-ff5035caf4f6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Black color in Triage is for", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Unsalvageable", "opb": "Immediate resuscitation", "opc": "Highest priority patients", "opd": "Ambulatory patients", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "147f389e-feeb-4962-914e-93cbddc15391", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Causative agent is present but there is no transmission is known as", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Elimination", "opb": "Control", "opc": "Eradication", "opd": "Holoendemic", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "79da57df-f046-4d51-9021-6b28cae01fc8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Kishori Shakti Yojana (KSY) is", "exp": "KISHORI SHAKTI YOJANA (KSY):\n• KSY is rename of ‘Adolescent Girl’s Scheme’ under ICDS (Integrated Child Development Services)\n• Aim of KSY:\n– To improve the nutritional and health status of adolescent girls\n– To promote self-development, awareness of health, hygiene, nutrition, and family life and child care\n– KSY covers 2000 ICDS projects", "cop": 4, "opa": "Empowerment of females under Maternity Benefit Scheme", "opb": "Adolescent girl’s scheme under ICDS", "opc": "Free and compulsory education for girl child", "opd": "Child care home scheme for female juvenile delinquents", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "fdeaeed4-3961-4451-a5f0-68fc4b6a1d32", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The standard normal distribution is", "exp": "Normal distribution :\n\nIs Bilaterally symmetrical.\nMean = median = mode.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Asymmetrical", "opb": "Has mean = 1.0", "opc": "Has variance = 0.0", "opd": "Mean = median = mode", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "98f5d063-a20c-427c-ac17-2ed445c6a021", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Maximum demographic gap seen in", "exp": "Max demographic gap is in \"late stage 2\" Min demographic gap is in \"Stage 1\" & \"Stage 4\" Contraction of staing demographic gap is in \"early pa of stage-3\" Negative demographic gap is seen in \"stage-5\"", "cop": 1, "opa": "Late stage 2", "opb": "Early stage 2", "opc": "Stage 4", "opd": "Late stage 3", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Preventive Medicine in Obstetrics, Paediatrics & Geriatrics", "id": "c1626a81-6003-46fd-9b55-d9e78f3b83af", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Consistent change in particular direction over a period of time", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Sporadic", "opb": "Endemic", "opc": "Secular trend", "opd": "Pandemic", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "82431d98-0838-4ec6-9ab3-7c1211ba7a86", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "No chemoprophylaxis for", "exp": "Cholera: Tetracycline or furazolidone for household contacts Bacterial conjunctivitis: Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment Diphtheria: Erythromycin Influenza: Oseltamivir Meningitis, meningococcal: Ciprofloxacin, and minocycline Plague: Tetracycline for contacts of pneumonic plague Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 137", "cop": 2, "opa": "Typhoid", "opb": "Chicken pox", "opc": "Influenza", "opd": "Cholera", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "504b5222-cec9-4d82-80a7-05f187c95926", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Reliability is tested by", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "R-chart", "opb": "Mean chart", "opc": "Levy Jennings chart", "opd": "Shewhart control chart", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "42eb15eb-ba75-405b-bcab-af6dea497635", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Audio video visual guides include", "exp": "Audio-visual aidsNo health education can be effective without audiovisual aidsAuditory aids:Radio, tape-recorder, microphones, amplifiers, earphonesVisual aids:Not requiring projection: Chalkboard, leaflets, posters, chas, flannelgraph, exhibits, models, specimens etcRequiring projection: Slides, film stripsCombined A-V aids:Television; sound films, Slide tape combinationRef: Park; 23rd ed; Pg 863", "cop": 2, "opa": "Radio", "opb": "Television", "opc": "Slides", "opd": "Films", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health education & planning", "id": "c18f0aa2-2f7b-47bb-a12f-b20b05a1933b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Probability that a person out of those tested positive on a screening test has in fact the disease is known as", "exp": "Sensitivity Ability of test to identify correctly all those who have the disease, that is \"true positive\". Specificity Ability of test to identify correctly all those who don't have the disease, that is \"true negative\". Positive predictive value Probability that subjects with a positive screening test truly have the disease. Negative predictive value Probability that subjects with a negative screening test truly don't have the disease. Screening test results by Diagnosis Screening test results Diagnosis Total Positive a (True - positive) b (False-positive) a+b Negative c (False - negative) d (True - negative) c +d Total a+c b+d a+b+c+d Sensitivity = a/(a + c) x 100 Specificity = d/(b+d) x 100 Positive Predictive Value = a/(a + b) x 100 Negative Predictive Value = d/(c + d) x 100", "cop": 3, "opa": "Sensitivity", "opb": "Specificity", "opc": "Positive predictive value", "opd": "Negative predictive value", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, NPV", "id": "4285bb8e-3d42-4673-addc-791519425449", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not a risk for development of DM", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Obesity", "opb": "Sedentary life style", "opc": "High intake of vitamin A", "opd": "Excess fat intake", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "a3c6f0e6-44ed-4abd-b938-1308446bac62", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Plague is transmitted by the bite of", "exp": "Plague, also called Black death or Mahamari or The great death, is a zoonoses caused by yersinia pestis.\nWild rodent (Tetra indica) is the natural reservoir in India. o Most effective and commonest vector for plague is rat flea.\nXenopsylla cheopis is the most important species of rat flea for plague. Other important species are X. astia, X. brasiliensis and Pulex irritans. Both sexes of flea bite and transmit the disease.\nA partially blocked flea (a flea with partially blocked proventriculus) is more dangerous than a completely blocked flea.\nRat flea can survive upto 4 years in rat burrows under optimum conditions.\nThis is considered the most likely mechanism of maintaining the natural focus.\nModes of transmission may be :\n\nBite of infected flea\nDirect contact with tissues of infected animal\nDroplet infection (in pneumonic plague),\n\nThere are three types of plague :\n\nBubonic plague (most common type) with incubation period 2-7 days\nPneumonic plague (most virulent and least common) with incubation period 1-3 days\nSepticemic plague (less infectious) with incubation period 2-7 days.\n\n\nStreptomycin is the drug of choice for treatment and tetracycline is the drug of choice for chemoprophylaxis.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Rat flea", "opb": "Culex mosquito", "opc": "Body louse", "opd": "Tse-Tse fly", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "3501f7d8-a2b3-4004-beae-f835e880c6a0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Calculate BMI of a person of height 1.72m and 89 kgs weight", "exp": "Body Mass Index (Quetlet's Index) : In the given question, weight = 89 kgs and Height=1.72 m. This, Wt/Ht2= 89/1.72x2 = 30 Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 418", "cop": 4, "opa": "25", "opb": "27", "opc": "33.5", "opd": "30", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Non communicable diseases", "id": "d52b78ad-4c3f-4f93-9b4d-22ce47156b03", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Direct disease transmission (man to man) is NOT seen in", "exp": "(Malaria): (93- 237 - Park 22nd/ edition)Direct transmission* STD and AIDS, leprosy, leptospirosis, skin and eye infections* Droplet infection includes - many respiratory infections, eruptive fevers, many infections of the nervous system, common cold, diphtheria, whooping cough, tuberculosis, meningococcal meningitis* Contect with soil - hookworm lamae, tetanus, mycosis* Inoculation into skin or mucosa - Rabies virus by dog bite, hepatitis B virus through contaminated needles and syringes* Transplacental (or vertical) transmission - TORCH, varicella virus, syphilis, hepatitis -B Caxsackie B and AIDS, Thalidomide diethyl stilbestrolInfluenza is spread mainly from person to person by droplet infection or droplet nuclei created by sneezing coughing or talkingMalaria - Direct transmission may be induced accidentally by hypodermic intra muscular and intravenous infections of blood or plasma eg blood transfusion, malaria in drug addicts (237- Park 22nd /ed)* Malaria is most commonly transmitted through vector borne Indirect Transmission - by bite of certain species of infected, female", "cop": 1, "opa": "Malaria", "opb": "Influenza", "opc": "Hepatitis", "opd": "Impetigo", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable Diseases", "id": "6709b570-2e48-4788-ad3b-c453861ea9f7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "For a population of 10000, sex ratio of more than 1000 means", "exp": "In the given question\n\nTotal population is 10,000.\nAlso, Ideal sex ratio implies 5000 females for 5000 males\nSo, Sex ratio is more than 1000, it implies, Females are more than 1000 per 1000 males\nThus, females are > 5000 and males are < 5000", "cop": 4, "opa": "Males are less than 500", "opb": "Females are less than 500", "opc": "Females are less than 5000", "opd": "Males are less than 5000", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "5036db49-08ef-4b15-ad89-bfeee88f0ed8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "By the Factory Act the age for the child to work should minimum be (in years)", "exp": "Ans. a (14). (Ref. Park, PSM, 17th/pg.586)According to the Factory Act children below the age of 14 years should not work.FACTORY ACT- 1948Applicable towhole India except Jammu & Kashmir.Scope# Establishment >10 workers where power is used and > 20 where power is not used.# Minimum 500 Cu.ft of space for each worker.# Factories before 1948 minimum 350 Cu.ft.# Prohibit employment <14 years.# 15 to 18 yrs old are called adolescents and they should be duly certified by certifying surgeon. They are allowed to work only between 6 am to 7 pm.Hours of workMax 48 hours/week, Including overtime its 60 hours/week.Leave with wagesafter 12 months of continuous service- adult 1 day for 20 days of work, children 1 day for 15 days.Maximum accumulated leave# adult 30 days; Children 40 days.Notifiable diseasesAsbestosis,Byssinosis,Dermatitis (occupational), andNoise induced hearing loss.Officerssafety officer - > 1000 workers, welfare officer- >500 workers canteen > 250 workers. Creches - > 30 female workers.", "cop": 1, "opa": "14", "opb": "16", "opc": "18", "opd": "21", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Occupational Health", "id": "8f6d874e-c8f0-418d-90b3-ca927a6881b3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Iron and folic acid supplementation forms", "exp": "Specific protection is a part of primary prevention.\nSpecific protection includes protection of health by personal and community efforts such as enhancing nutritional status, providing immunizations and eliminating environmental risks.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Health promotion", "opb": "Primordial prevention", "opc": "Specific protection", "opd": "Secondary prevention", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "16ee3532-7b81-4a6b-9f94-1810535e220f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The time interval between invasion by an infectious agent and appearance of the first sign or symptoms of the disease is", "exp": "(B) Incubation period # Incubation period:> \"The time interval between invasion by on infectious agents and appearance of the first sign or symptom of the disease in question\"> Generation time:> It is the interval of time between receipt of infection by a host and maximal infectivity of that host. In general generation time is largely equal to the incubation period.> Serial Interval: It is the gap in time between the onset of primary case and the secondary case. Serial Interval also helps us to guess the incubation period.> Latent Period: Is used in non-infectious diseases as the equivalent to incubation period in infectious disease regarding period of communicability. It is the time during which a disease is communicable i.e. can be transferred from one agent to another. \"'As a rule infectious disease are not communicable during the incubation periods but there are certain exceptions as for example measles chickenpox whooping cough and hepatitis are communicable during the later part of incubation period\" So Period of communicability is not a proxy of Incubation period.> The communicable period is defined as 'the time during which an infectious agent may be transferred directly or indirectly from an infected person to another person.'> The period of communicability bears absolutely no relation to the incubation period, and merely reflects the duration when the infectious agent may be transferred.> This may occur during the incubation period or during the actual illness.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Generation time", "opb": "Incubation period", "opc": "Lead time", "opd": "Latent period", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "cd636e25-ab8b-44b9-a748-a2a25e4248be", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Simplest measure of dispersion", "exp": "Ref:Parks 23rd edition pg 849 Measures of dispersion: Range: simplest measure of dispersion. Mean or Average detion. Standard detion.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Range", "opb": "Standard detion", "opc": "Mean detion", "opd": "Co-efficient of range", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "b502cc15-abad-46af-9779-023d896586f8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Sullivan index", "exp": "Sullivan index: Also called DFLE (disability-free life expectancy) : is the number of years an individual is expected to live free of disability, if current pattern of moality and disability continue to apply. Ref : Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition; Page 26", "cop": 3, "opa": "Measures disability", "opb": "Measures life years adjusted with disability", "opc": "Measures life expectancy adjusted without disability or free of disability", "opd": "Measures life expectancy", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "c8c33938-a750-40dd-8599-96852427e44f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A Scatter diagram is drawn to study", "exp": "SCATTER DIAGRAM\n• Also known as ‘Correlation diagram’ or ‘Dot diagram’\n• Is used to depict ‘correlation (relationship) between 2 quantitative variables’\n• The vertical axis in the scatter diagram: should be the dependent or the outcome variable\n• In a scatter diagram, 2 imaginary lines are drawn along the distribution of dots/scatter", "cop": 3, "opa": "Trend of a variable over a period of time", "opb": "Frequency of occurrence of events", "opc": "Relationship between two given variables", "opd": "Mean & median values of the given data", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "cc68da35-dda7-4685-9f22-f44319aed018", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not a feature of systematic review", "exp": "A systematic review answers a defined research question by collecting and summarising all empirical evidence that fits pre-specified eligibility criteria. A meta-analysis is the use of statistical methods to summarise the results of these studies.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Meta analysis is always performed", "opb": "Search for literature is compulsory using explicit search strategy", "opc": "Critical appraisal is always criteria based", "opd": "Research questions always focussed", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "e62da172-c05f-4d14-8915-cd9996cb0f6a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "School health checkup comes under ………… level of prevention.", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Primordial", "opb": "Primary", "opc": "Secondary", "opd": "Tertiary", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "712f6651-c3f8-4976-ac92-e16c12dab48c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Risk of mother to child HIV transmission in pregnant woman at the time of delivery, and after delivery in non breast feeding woman is", "exp": "HIV transmission in absence of intervention:\nMTCT of HIV in developed countries: 20% (15-25%)\nMTCT transmission of HIV in developing countries: 30% (25-35%)", "cop": 2, "opa": "5-10%", "opb": "15-30%", "opc": "10-15%", "opd": "More than 50%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e49161b3-15c9-4e3f-a90b-0d857f39c76c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The optimum calories to be provided by proteins should be", "exp": "The main source of energy in the diet is carbohydrates derived largely from cereals and provide 50-80% of daily intake. Most families derive 10-12% of energy from proteins. Energy from fats may vary from 5-30%.Ref: Park; 23rd ed; Pg 634", "cop": 2, "opa": "5-10%", "opb": "10-15%", "opc": "15-20%", "opd": "20-30%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and health", "id": "e8daeccc-d1b3-4704-92a9-c24f1746aed6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Bitot&;s spots are seen in", "exp": "Bitot&;s spots:Bitot&;s spots are triangular, pearly white or yellowish foamy spots on the bulbar conjunctiva on either side of the cornea. They are frequently bilateral. seen in young children usually indicating vitamin A deficiency. In older individuals, these spots are often inactive sequelae of the earlier disease. Ref: Park; 23rd ed; Pg 616", "cop": 1, "opa": "Conjunctiva", "opb": "Cornea", "opc": "Retina", "opd": "Vitreous", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and health", "id": "a7604056-d490-45d7-a994-dc6b477fc8c4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Koplik spots of measles seen near", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Upper 2nd molar", "opb": "Lower 2nd molar", "opc": "Lower 2nd premolar", "opd": "Upper 2nd premolar", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "5337c8c5-81a2-4dad-8fba-116f0bb11417", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Sputum positive TB is", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "2 out of 3 sputum sample +ve", "opb": "1 out of 2 sputum sample +ve", "opc": "BACTEC +ve", "opd": "Mantoux test positive", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b2050b6e-4611-412e-bd48-0cdb592e684f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Census population count is in reference to", "exp": "Census stop (census movement) : 00. 00 hours 01 March 2011 (The referral time and date at which snapshot of population is taken) Ref: National health programs of India by Dr. J. Kishore, 7th edition Pgno : 572,662", "cop": 1, "opa": "1st March", "opb": "1st July", "opc": "30th June", "opd": "1st January", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "59df3672-4df4-460b-bf54-f0223f2ef607", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Murine Typhus is caused by", "exp": "Murine Typhus / Endemic typhus caused by R-typhi.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Rickettsia prowazekii", "opb": "Rickettsia Conori", "opc": "Rickettsia Typhi", "opd": "Coxiella Burnetii", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "70e3edcc-6afd-493d-84bb-227d5ea9505b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Fast breathing in less than 2 month child the respiratory rate is", "exp": "A. i.e. (60 breaths per minute) (144- Park 19th) (154- Park 20th)* FAST BREATHING is present when the respiratory rate is- 60 breaths per minute or more in a child less than 2 months of age- 50 breaths per minute or more in a child aged 2 months upto 12 months- 40 breaths per minute or more in a child aged 12 months upto 5 years.", "cop": 1, "opa": "60 breaths per minute", "opb": "50 breaths per minute", "opc": "40 breaths per minute", "opd": "30 breaths per minute", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Obstetrics, Paediatrics and Geriatrics", "id": "94b288fd-16dd-4ccf-88c0-6367762defe6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The most commonly repeated factor among this is", "exp": "(C) Mode> The Median: The median is an average of a different kind, which does not depend upon the total and number of items. To obtain the median, the data is first arranged in an ascending or descending order of magnitude, and then the value of the middle observation is located, which is called the median.> The Mode\": The mode is the commonly occurring value in a distribution of data. It is the most frequent item or the most \"fashionable\" value in a series of observations.> The Standard Deviation: The standard deviation is the most frequently used measure of deviation. In simple terms, it is defined as \"Root - Means - Square - Deviation.\" It is denoted by the Greek letter sigma c; or by the initials S.D.> The Mean: The arithmetic mean is widely used in statistical calculation. It is sometimes simply called Mean. To obtain the mean, the individual observations are first added together, and then divided by the number of observations.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Mean", "opb": "Median", "opc": "Mode", "opd": "Standard deviation", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Miscellaneous", "id": "19655d4b-f4c8-41c8-829a-b0744768428c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A 5 year old child with unprovoked dog bite, appropriate management is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Anti Rabies vaccine given", "opb": "Only Rabies Immunoglobulin at the site of bite", "opc": "Observe the dog", "opd": "Kill the dog and send brain for Biopsy", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "f5769603-dba2-491c-82a1-30f9f545c35d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "International disease surveillance is for", "exp": "Diseases under WHO surveillance \n\nPolio\nRabies\nRelapsing fever\nInfluenza\nSalmonella\nMalaria\nLouse born typhus", "cop": 3, "opa": "Hepatitis", "opb": "TB", "opc": "Polio", "opd": "Leprosy", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c7779db7-05bb-4067-b727-a8910157a0bc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Semi essential Amino acid", "exp": "10 Essential Amino Acids\n\nPhenylalanine\nTryptophan\nValine\nIsoleucine\nLeucine\nLysine\nArginin    ] - Semi\nHistidine ]   essential\nMethionine\nThreonine", "cop": 3, "opa": "Valine", "opb": "Phenylalanine", "opc": "Histidine", "opd": "Glycine", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "4ccab622-8520-4a7d-9603-ac20c199d9ca", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Incubation period of Measles", "exp": "Measles is an acute infectious disease caused by myxovirus with an incubation period commonly between 10 days from exposure to onset of fever and 14 days to onset of rash Ref : Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition", "cop": 1, "opa": "14 days", "opb": "1 month", "opc": "3 month", "opd": "5 month", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "824aefad-991a-4436-8b15-1f9d19e90712", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "IMNCI recommendations are until the age of", "exp": "The IMNCI clinical guidelines target children less than 5 years old -- the age group that bears the highest burden of deaths from common childhood diseases. The approach to case management is:-evidence-based and-syndromic-that suppos the rational, effective and affordable use of drugs and diagnostic tools. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 456-459", "cop": 1, "opa": "5 yrs", "opb": "6 yrs", "opc": "10 yrs", "opd": "12 yrs", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health programmes in India", "id": "dce61aa3-4b90-456c-95fa-9322bda8ac08", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Minimum ANC visits during pregnancy should be", "exp": "Ans. a (3). (Ref. Park, PSM, 22nd ed/pg 483)# Ideally mother should attend the antenatal clinic once a month during the first 7 months; twice a month, during the next month and thereafter once a week.# Because high proportion of mothers in India are from lower socioeconomic group and many are working women it is difficult to attend antenatal clinic so often.# Hence minimum of 4 visits should be the larget:-1st visit - within 12 weeks/as soon as pregnancy suspected (registration of pregnancy and first antenatal check up)2nd visit- 14--26 weeks3rd visit- between 28-34 weeks4th visit- between 26 weeks and term# It is advisable for woman to visit medical officer at the PHC during 28-34 weeks.# She may be advised to avail investigation facilities at the nearest PHC/CHC/FRU# Registration of pregnancy within 12 weeks is the primary responsibility of the ANM# Opportunities such as village Health Nutrition day should be availed to ensure early registration of pregnancy and antenatal checkup.TermCommentsAge compositionBelow 15 years decreasing, elderly increasingAge pyramidTypical of underdeveloped country in India with broad base and tapering top.In Switzerland it has bulge at middle.Sex ratioThe number of females per 1000 males. It is 936 in India.It has been adverse to women in India except for Kerala.Dependency ratioTotal dependency 65.5 (1995) and 55.5 (2005),child dependency 57.8 (1995) and 47.2 (2005),old-age dependency 7.6 (1995) and 8.3 (2005).Density of populationIt is number of persons per square km.It is >/= 4000/km2", "cop": 1, "opa": "3", "opb": "5", "opc": "9", "opd": "12", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Obstetrics, Paediatrics and Geriatrics", "id": "071f8d44-3d79-46e8-82c4-01e470b35f1b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A 2 year old boy with Vitamin A deficiency is treated with", "exp": "* Treatment for Vitamin A defiiency is given 3 doses. Days 0,1,14 with doses appropriate for the age. Less than six months of age-50000 IU per dose, 6-12 months of age-100000 IU and >1 year- 200000 IU per dose. Ref:- K Park, 24th ed; pg num:- 654", "cop": 3, "opa": "1 lakh IU on days 0,1,14", "opb": "1 lakh IU on days 0,1,6", "opc": "2 lakh IU on days 0,1,14", "opd": "2 Lakh IU on days 0,1,6", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "0777486a-8a99-4bf6-8afe-b0a686bd7d43", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Leprosy is considered a public health problem if the prevalence of leprosy is more than", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "2 per 10,000", "opb": "1 per 10,000", "opc": "5 per 10,000", "opd": "10 per 10,000", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "01a701a8-60d7-4dfc-9434-c2740b2f8593", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Virus documented to cause fetal damage", "exp": "Veical transmission of diseases: Disease Most common time of transmission Varicella I trimester Rubella I trimester Parvovirus II trimester Hepatitis B III trimester Toxoplasmosis III trimester Syphilis III trimester CMV Any trimester HIV During delivery Hepatitis C During delivery Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno: 102", "cop": 2, "opa": "Hepatitis A", "opb": "Varicella", "opc": "Measles", "opd": "Arbovirus", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "d8cc941d-182c-4fe4-8660-a95d1b5fae57", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Daily requirement of protein", "exp": "Dietary intakes of protein It is customary to express requirement in terms of grams per kg of body weight. This principle applies to all age groups, although absolute additions in units of grams of protein per day are made for pregnancy and lactation. The ICMR Expe Group suggested an intake of one gram of protein per kg of body weight for adult males and females, assuming a NPU of 65 for the dietary protein. Table 29 gives the protein intakes for individuals of different ages and physiological states. Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 666", "cop": 1, "opa": "1gm/kg body weight", "opb": "1.2 gm/kg body wt", "opc": "2gm /kg body wt", "opd": "2.5 gm/kg body wt", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and health", "id": "4b863a09-b60c-4373-b566-569aa79f8929", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Class II exposure in animal bites includes the following", "exp": "• Rabies occur due to: Animal bites (dogs, cats, monkeys, cow, goat, sheep, buffalo, horses, bats, foxes, jackals, hyenas Except rat bite and Human bite.)\n• Human bites are likely to transmit: Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococcus aureus, Eikenella corrodens, Hemophilus influenzae, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Peptostreptococcus, HIV, Hepatitis B/\n• Rat bite can transmit: Streptobacillus monliformis, Spirillum minor.", "cop": 4, "opa": "Bites from wild animals", "opb": "Licks on a fresh wound", "opc": "Scratch with oozing of blood on palm", "opd": "Scratches without oozing of blood", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "24b58ef1-c215-4bc0-b8ff-226af1044a03", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Loss of Interpersonal communication is managed by", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Group counselling", "opb": "Check telecommunications", "opc": "Improve skills", "opd": "Improve language", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e0aeba47-6733-404d-b404-3c0249edf0c1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Definition of Public health was given by", "exp": "CEA Winslow gave the most comprehensive & widely accepted definition for public health which states as \"The science and a of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting physical health and efficiency through organized community effos for the sanitation of the environment, the control of community infections, the education of the individual in principles of personal hygiene, the organization of medical and nursing services for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of diseases and the development of social machinery which will ensure to every individual, in the community, a standard of living adequate for maintenance of health\". Ref: Text book on Public Health and Community Medicine pg: 7", "cop": 3, "opa": "Henry Sigerist", "opb": "Rudolph Virchow", "opc": "CEA Winslow", "opd": "Grotjahn", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "f0cadac5-ae31-40ac-b24a-408b4382322c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Human Development Index (HDI) does not consider", "exp": ".HDI include Life expectancy at bih, education (mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling) and income (Gross national income per capita) Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 17", "cop": 4, "opa": "Life expectancy", "opb": "Literacy", "opc": "Income", "opd": "Infant moality", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "a2e93724-a36d-4667-bf3b-31d852379e79", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "An Anganwadi worker works for population of", "exp": "Health personnel \n\n\nNorm suggested\n\n\n\n\nDoctor \n\n\n1 per 1000\n\n\n\n\nNurse\n\n\n3 per 1 doctor \n\n\n\n\nASHA\n\n\n2 per 1000\n\n\n\n\nHealth workers male and female \n\n\nPlain area - 1 per 5000\n\t\t\tWilly area - 1 per 3000\n\n\n\n\nAnganwadi worker\n\n\nPlain area - 1 per 400-800\n\t\t\tHilly area - 1 per 300-800", "cop": 2, "opa": "300-800 in plain areas", "opb": "400-800 in plain areas", "opc": "200-600 in hilly areas", "opd": "400-1000 in plain areas", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "1ccd3574-700f-48da-bbf4-0ab4a4687e75", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The time interval time interval between invasion by an infectious agent and appearance of the first sign or symptom of the disease is", "exp": "The incubation period is the time interval between invasion by an infectious agent and appearance of the first sign or symptom of the disease in question.Median incubation period: time required for 50% of the cases to occur following exposure.Latent period: The period from disease initiation to disease detection. Used in non-infectious diseases.Serial interval: The gap in time between the onset of the primary case and the secondary case is called the serial intervalGeneration time: The interval of time between receipt of infection by a host and maximal infectivity of that host.Secondary attack rate: Number of exposed persons developing the disease within the range of the incubation period.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Generation time", "opb": "Incubation period", "opc": "Latent period", "opd": "Lag Phase", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "c5f104e5-ea56-4afc-8c90-4472728e91c6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Liquid chemical waste is discarded in", "exp": "ref : park 21st ed", "cop": 1, "opa": "yellow", "opb": "red", "opc": "black", "opd": "blue", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "342c46b4-f00f-4dc5-82f1-2373ba8fb585", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Septic tank is", "exp": "Septic Tank The main design features of a septic tank are as follows. (1) Capacity : The capacity of a septic tank will depend upon the number of users. A capacity of 20-30 gallons or 21 / 2 -5 c.ft. per person is recommended for household septic tanks. The minimum capacity of a septic tank should be at least 500 gallons. Septic tanks are not recommended for large communities. (2) Length : The length is usually twice the breadth. (3) Depth : The depth of a septic tank is from LS to 2 m (5-7 ft.). (4) Liquid depth : The recommended liquid depth is only 1.2 m (4 ft.). (5) Air space: There should be a minimum air space of 30 cm (12 in.) between the level of liquid in the tank and the undersurface of .the cover. (6) Bottom : In some septic tanks, the bottom is sloping towards the inlet end. This facilitates retention of solids (7) Inlet and outlet : There is an inlet and outlet pipe, which are submerged. (8) Cover : The septic tank is covered by a concrete slab of suitable thickness and provided with a manhole. (9) Retention Period : Septic tanks are designed in this country to allow a retention period of 24 hours. Too long a retention period will result in undue septicity of the effluent whereas too sho a period gives insufficient treatment. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 760", "cop": 4, "opa": "Always double chambered", "opb": "Minimum capacity is 200galons", "opc": "Depth is 2-7feet", "opd": "Retention period is 24hours", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Social science, Mental health & Genetics", "id": "9dd7fa81-4e08-48f1-ba57-422c4f1d1ff6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Household insecticide used for malaria", "exp": "Malathion Malathion has the least toxicity of all organophosphorous compounds. The technical product is a yellow or clear- brown liquid with an unpleasant smell. Commercially, water- dispersible powders are available. Malathion is used in doses of 100-200 mg. per sq. ft., every 3 months. Because of its low toxicity, malathion has been recommended as an alternative insecticide to DDT. As a low volume (ULV) spray, malathion has been widely used for killing adult mosquitoes to prevent or interrupt dengue-haemorrhagic fever, and mosquito-borne encephalitis epidemics Ref:Park's TextbooK Of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed Pgno: 820", "cop": 1, "opa": "Malathion", "opb": "Pyrethrum", "opc": "Paris green", "opd": "Permethrin", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "c93787f2-a1bb-467e-a1d2-fde1e29b3214", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Administrative unit of ICDS project in rural area is", "exp": "The administrative unit of an ICDS project is the community development block in rural areas, the tribal development block in tribal areas and a group of slums in urban areas.Park 23e pg: 592", "cop": 2, "opa": "PHC", "opb": "Community development block", "opc": "Zilla parishad", "opd": "Gram panchayat", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Maternal and child care", "id": "362b6c9a-e90e-4237-83d6-473d26f9af9d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The denominator in maternal mortality rate", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "1,000 live births", "opb": "100 live births", "opc": "1,00,000 live births", "opd": "10,000 live births", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6d01180b-7056-43be-afe0-c1485d621f45", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "National Family Health Survey has successfully completed", "exp": "Is a large-scale, multi-round survey conducted in a representative sample of households throughout India\n3 rounds of the survey have been conducted till 2006:\nNFHS–1: 1992–93\nNFHS–2: 1998–99\nNFHS–3: 2005–06", "cop": 3, "opa": "One rounds", "opb": "Two rounds", "opc": "Three rounds", "opd": "Four rounds", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "cd411e1a-0197-4d53-bdc1-cfaf58db760d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Pictorial diagram of Frequency distribution is", "exp": "Histogram is pictorial diagram of frequency distribution.\nHistogram represent condineous quantitative data.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Histogram", "opb": "Pic chart", "opc": "Spot map", "opd": "Bar chart", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "679d074e-3b3c-4284-b82e-7803f9dbd11a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "One of the following is known as Tuberculin Conversion Index", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Incidence of disease", "opb": "Prevalence of infection", "opc": "Incidence of infection", "opd": "Prevalence of disease", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "9165570e-b5e7-459e-8e23-c03fe20cf593", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Millenium development goal related to maternal health", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed", "cop": 3, "opa": "Goal 1", "opb": "Goal 3", "opc": "Goal 5", "opd": "Goal 7", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health care of community & international health", "id": "b1d6bcc2-c3cf-4612-84b8-9d3acec77c74", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The recommended daily energy intake of an adult woman with heavy work is", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "2900", "opb": "1800", "opc": "2100", "opd": "2300", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6733b08d-77ff-48e8-b41f-fc03dba8f745", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Study of designing equipment that fit human body, its movements and cognitive abilities", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Economics", "opb": "Bionomics", "opc": "Ergonomics", "opd": "Socionomics", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "2b79f5dc-0d68-4713-a8fb-4c360dbbd204", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Auditory fatigue occurs at", "exp": "Ans. is 'd' i.e., 90 dB", "cop": 4, "opa": "50dB", "opb": "60 dB", "opc": "80 dB", "opd": "90 dB", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "f7e64c63-77f5-4cf0-b028-90423c81b006", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The carrying capacity of any given population is determined by its", "exp": "Limiting resource Carrying capacity : The suppoable population of an organism, given the food, habitat, water and other necessities available within an ecosystem is known as the ecosystem is known as the ecosystem's carrying capacity for that organism RRefers to the number of individuals who can be suppoed in a given area within natural resource limits, and without degrading the natural social, cultural and economic environment for present and future generations For human population more complex variables (Sanitation, medical care) are sometimes considered as pa of necessary infrastructure Below carrying capacity, population typically increase ; While above, they typically decrease May depend on a variety of factors including food availability ; water supply, environmental condition and living space Ref: internet (Wikipedia)", "cop": 4, "opa": "Population growth rate", "opb": "Bih rate", "opc": "Death rate", "opd": "Limiting resource", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Non communicable diseases", "id": "442459c9-6d37-4f7b-a8ab-8b77be1b544c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not a Urban socio Economic status scale", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Modified Kuppuswamy scale", "opb": "Udai Pareek scale", "opc": "Kulshreshtha scale", "opd": "Jalota scale", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6c982ecc-37ec-4247-9ddf-a6b3a53e242f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Breast feeding done after child birth should be", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "ASAP or within half an hour", "opb": "ASAP or within one hour", "opc": "ASAP or within four hours", "opd": "ASAP or within 6 hours", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "1e02dcb8-e0ff-4bd1-a453-799f56d951e2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Iodine status in a population is measured using", "exp": "Iodine sufficiency is defined as a median urinary iodine concentration of: *100 to 299 mcg/L for children and nonpregnant adults *150 to 249 mcg/L for pregnant women Iodine deficiency is defined by the following median urinary iodine concentrations: *Mild iodine deficiency - 50 to 99 mcg/L *Moderate deficiency - 20 to 49 mcg/L *Severe deficiency - <20 mcg/L Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 624", "cop": 4, "opa": "TSH", "opb": "T3,T4", "opc": "Thyroglobulin", "opd": "Urinary iodine", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Non communicable diseases", "id": "a9c05d06-6526-4b02-8030-3d795f6f28fd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "IPHS stands for", "exp": "Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS) for sub-centers are being prescribed to provide basic promotive, preventive and few curative primary health care services to the community and achieve and maintain an acceptable standard of quality of care.Park 23e pg: 903", "cop": 4, "opa": "International public health services", "opb": "Indian public health services", "opc": "Integrated public health services", "opd": "Indian public health standards", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health care of community & international health", "id": "e268c26a-9495-4894-8a89-5030c6ee0da2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Height of a newborn doubles at", "exp": "Height of a newborn doubles at the age of: 4-4 1/2 years Height increase pattern in children: Age Height increments 1st year 25 cms per year 2nd year 12 cms per year 3rd year 9 cms per year 4th year 7 cms per year 5th year 6 cms per year", "cop": 4, "opa": "2 months", "opb": "5 months", "opc": "1 year", "opd": "4 years", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Growth and Development", "id": "315f38ab-4f84-42c5-8d26-3fd5794075b1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Non deliberate cultural practice with anti mosquito effect is", "exp": "Use of alkaline detergent for washing clothes is a non deliberate cultural practice with anti mosquito effect. Mosquito larva cannot survive in alkaline water. MOSQUITO CONTROL Gambusia affinis - larvicidal fish Anti larval - Source reduction (elimination of mosquito breeding grounds), use of larvicides (surface films - mineral oils, stomach poisons - Paris Green, contact poisons), biological agents like fungi, nematodes and fish (eg: larvicidal fish - Gambusia affinis) Anti adult - Insecticides like DDT (organochlorine), Malathion (organophosphate) and pyrethroids for space sprays and residual sprays. Genetically modified adults are also used. Prevention of mosquito bites - Bed nets, mosquito repellents, insect screens for homes. Ref : Park's Textbook of Preventive medicine", "cop": 3, "opa": "Use of mosquito repellents", "opb": "Use of bed nets", "opc": "Use of alkaline detergent for washing clothes", "opd": "Use of larvicides", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "f33efdca-b26a-4325-88c9-24241bdc6fc2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "National deworming day is observed on", "exp": "Ref:Park's textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25 th Ed", "cop": 1, "opa": "8 th August", "opb": "10 th June", "opc": "5th February", "opd": "24th March", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics", "id": "87e7caa6-a7b4-4e5c-94ef-8f31db14d66f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "If TFR in a population is 4, then GRR would be (approx.)", "exp": "- GRR or NRR= 1/2 TFR (approx.) - In given question, TFR is 4; hence GRR is half of 4 = 2", "cop": 1, "opa": "2", "opb": "4", "opc": "8", "opd": "16", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Definition & Concepts", "id": "9ce354ad-9625-4b51-8c82-29678ba78237", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A boy age 6 years, weight 13 kg. PEM grading", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Grade II", "opb": "Grade I", "opc": "Grade III", "opd": "Grade IV", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "d02e2c12-ae2f-440b-8484-24b66331b166", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "For international comparison stillbih is applied to fetus weighing more than", "exp": "Ref:Park's Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th ed", "cop": 1, "opa": "1000 gms", "opb": "1500 gms", "opc": "700 gms", "opd": "2800 gms", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics", "id": "550f892f-81d4-4f16-b21e-0b46be1aea1f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Maternal moality rate is calculated by", "exp": "Maternal Moality Ratio (MMR) : Maternal deaths expressed as per 100,000 live bihs, where a 'maternal death' is defines as 'death of a woman while pregnant or during delivery or within 42 days (6 weeks) of termination of Pregnancy, irrespective of duration or site or pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes Maternal deaths expressed as per 100,000 live bihs (earlier it was expressed per 1000 live bihs but that yielded fractions like 4.08 maternal deaths per 1000 LB; so denominator was extrapolated to 100,000 to make MMR value more sensible MMR = No. Of Maternal deaths in a given year / Total no. Of live bihs in the same year x 100,000 Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 593", "cop": 4, "opa": "Maternal deaths / Live bihs", "opb": "Maternal deaths / 1000 live bihs", "opc": "Maternal deaths / 10000 live bihs", "opd": "Maternal deaths / 100000 live bihs", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Maternal and child care", "id": "117a9251-a1ef-4fdf-99c2-89742a5978ab", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Highest amount of calorie for 100ml is present in", "exp": "Ans: c (Buffalo milk)Ref: Park, 20th ed. Pg. 545 19th ed. Pg. 499, Table 22Nutritive value of milks compared (Value per 100 gm) Calcium (mg) 210 120 170 28 Iron (mg) 0.2 0.2 0.3 -Energy (Kcal) 117 67 72 65 BuffaloCowGoatHumanFat (gm)6.54.14.53.4protein(gm)4.33.23.31.1Lactose (gm)5.14.44.67.4Minerals (gm)0.80.80.80.1water(gm)818786.888Calcium (mg)21012017028Iron (mg)0.20.20.3-Energy (Kcal)117677265It is evident from this table that Buffalo milk contains highest amount of fat and highest calories. Human milk contains higher amount of lactose and water than animal milk. Human milk proteins contain greater amount of tryptophan and sulphur containing amino acid, especially cysteine.Human milk contains a higher percentage of linoeic acid and oleic acid than animal milk.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Human milk", "opb": "Cow milk", "opc": "Buffalo milk", "opd": "Goat milk", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and Health", "id": "4ad7a7f3-07f3-40f3-ad9e-520b64a9575f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Vaccine strains changed every year is", "exp": "Influenza virus shows changing antigenic characteristics due to antigenic shift and antigenic drift, hence new vaccines are constantly required. WHO makes recommendations every year as to what strains should be included in the vaccine. FLU VACCINES FOR 2020 Southern hemisphere H1N1 (Brisbane strain) (Influenza type A) H3N2 (South Australia) (Influenza type A) Influenza type B (Washington strain of Victoria lineage) Influenza type B (Phuket strain of Yamagata lineage) Nohern Hemisphere H1N1 (Brisbane strain) (Influenza type A) H3N2 (Kansas) (Influenza type A) Influenza type B (Colarado strain of Victoria lineage) Influenza type B (Phuket strain of Yamagata lineage)", "cop": 4, "opa": "Measles", "opb": "Rubella", "opc": "BCG", "opd": "Influenza", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "NEET 2019", "id": "cb46d431-fcb2-462a-8fc8-63c93396d753", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Standarised moality rate is standardised for", "exp": ".rates are only comparable if the populations upon which they are based are comparable.age adjustment or\"age standardisation removes the confounding effect of different age structures and yields a single standardized or adjusted rate by which the moality experience can be compared directly.the adjustment can also be made for sex,race,parity etc. ref:park&;s textbook,ed 22,pg no 56", "cop": 1, "opa": "Age", "opb": "Disease", "opc": "Region", "opd": "A paicular time period", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "22458bc5-f907-471a-bc94-f882ef6a79f8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The following does not determine specific protection", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Pap smear for early detection of carcinoma cervix in community", "opb": "Wearing of goggles by welders", "opc": "Wearing of seat belts by car drivers", "opd": "Vitamin A for children prophylaxis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "8976b949-c09f-49ce-91fc-5ed146aec49a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Trench fever is caused by,", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Rickettsia prowazekii", "opb": "Coxiella Burnetii", "opc": "Bartonella quintana", "opd": "Rickettsia akari", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ee1a3657-e243-4d4d-ba59-a99fad36f169", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Indoor air pollution does not cause", "exp": "Effects of indoor air pollution\n• Acute respiratory tract infections (Pneumonias)\n• Chronic lung disease\n• Lung cancers in adults\n• Adverse pregnancy outcomes (Especially stillbirths)", "cop": 4, "opa": "Chronic lung disease", "opb": "Pregnancy problems", "opc": "Childhood pneumonia", "opd": "Neuro-developmental problems", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c1d8aec8-3f1d-4d69-8d39-c226efc874c4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "NRHM involves", "exp": "Ans) b (ASHA) Ref park 20th ed pg 379-381The main aim of the national rural health mission (NRHM) is to provide accessible, affordable, accountable, effective and reliable primary health care and bridging the gap of rural health care through creation of a cadre of Accredited social health activist (ASHA)VHG is village health guide.ANM is Auxiliary nurse midwife.HWM is health worker male.", "cop": 2, "opa": "VHG", "opb": "ASHA", "opc": "ANM", "opd": "HWM", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health Programmes in India", "id": "7febf642-803c-42f0-9be9-189279b3df52", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In post disaster phase, for ensuring safe water supply, it is advisable to have a Residual Chlorine Level of", "exp": "Level of residual chlorine to be maintained in all water bodies in post-disaster phase is > 0.7 mg/l (> 0.7 ppm).", "cop": 3, "opa": "0.3 mg/ litre", "opb": "0.5 mg/ litre", "opc": "0.7 mg/ litre", "opd": "3.0 mg/ litre", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "ab04c9c3-2a8c-46f8-91a9-660d7a0e1f5b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "National Family Health Survey is done every", "exp": "National family health survey is conducted during every 1 year Reference: Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition", "cop": 2, "opa": "6 months", "opb": "1 year", "opc": "5 years", "opd": "10 years", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "b5e9c2be-1125-43b5-8cc9-04200cffa116", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Concentration of bleaching powder used for disinfection oi urine and faeces is", "exp": "108) Ans: a (5%) Ref: Park 20th ed pi 18Concentration of bleaching powder used for disinfection of faeces anc urine is 5%.Agents suitable for disinfection of faeces and urineDisinfectantAmount per literConcentrationBleaching powder50 g5%Crude phenol100 ml10%Cresol50 ml5%Fonnalin100ml10%", "cop": 1, "opa": "5%", "opb": "10%", "opc": "15%", "opd": "20%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and Health", "id": "8cb69423-a44c-4deb-aa41-cf03438aaac5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Maximum permissible chloride level is", "exp": "(600mg/litre) (579- Park 19\"') (629-Park 20th)* Any excess over the normal range should arouse suspicion of water contamination* The standard prescribed for chloride is 200 mg/litre *** The maximum permissible level is 600 mg/litre*** A single tablet of chlorine 0.5gm is sufficient to disinfect 20 litre of water** The principle in chlorination is to ensure a \"Free\" residual chlorine of 0, 5 mg/litre at the end of one hour contact**", "cop": 4, "opa": "200 mg/litre", "opb": "300 mg/litre", "opc": "500 mg/litre", "opd": "600 mg/litre", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and Health", "id": "add4c2e5-0a88-4e03-96c4-b83bea900fe6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Pain in the ear occurs at", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "140 dB", "opb": "120 dB", "opc": "80 dB", "opd": "160 dB", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "5add2676-df40-4c9a-9f4f-b6a3e98718e1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Susceptible person developed disease within range of Incubation Period after coming in contact with Primary Case belongs to", "exp": "(A) Secondary attack rate[?]Secondary Attack Rate (SAR)oNumber of exposed person developing the disease within the range of the incubation period following exposure to primary caseSAR =TotalNo.ofexposed/susceptiblecontactsNo.ofexposedpersondevelopingthediseasewithintherangetheincubationperiod x100-Denominator consists of all persons who are exposed to the case.-More specifically, the denominator may be restricted only to \"susceptible\" contacts, if means are available to distinguish the susceptible persons from the immune.-Primary case is excluded from both the numerator and denominator.-Limited to application in infectious diseases-In disease where there are numerous sub-clinical cases-Useful to determine the disease of unknown etiology is communicable or not-Useful in evaluating the effectiveness of control measures - immunizationMORBIDITY/MORTALITY RATESRateCalculationMeasure ofAttack Rate(Number of individuals during an outbreak population at risk at the beginning of the outbreak) * 10n*. Identifying risk factors for specific disease in outbreak investigationIncidence rate(Number of new cases of disease over a time interval/ avg. population at risk during the time interval)* 10n*. Monitoring the course of epidemic*. Cohort study - measure of effect of suspected or known risk factorsPrevalence rate(Number of existing cases of disease at a point of time/ population at risk during same point of time)* 10n*. Static measure of risk of having a particular disease*. Case control study - effect of suspected or known risk factorsCase fatality rateNumber of deaths from a specified cause/total number of cases of same disease*. Determine prognosis of disease*. Severity of the diseaseOther Options[?]Case fatality rate (Ratio):TotalnumberofcasesduetothesamediseaseTotalnumberofdeathsduetoaparticulardisease x1000-Case fatality rate represents the killing power of a disease.-It is simply the ratio of deaths to cases.-The time interval is not specified.-Case fatality rate is typically used in acute infectious diseases (e.g., food poisoning, cholera, measles).-Its usefulness for chronic diseases is limited, because the period from onset to death is long and variable. For the same disease may vary in different epidemics because of changes in the agent, host and environmental factors. Case fatality is closely related to virulence.[?]Attack rate (Primary Attack Rate):-It is an incidence rate (usually expressed as a per cent), used only when the population is exposed to risk for a limited period of time such as during an epidemic.-It relates the number of cases in the population at risk and reflects the extent of the epidemic.Attack rate =Totalpopulationatriskduringthesameinterval NumberofnewcasesofaspecifiedDiseaseduringaspecifiedtimeinterval x100", "cop": 1, "opa": "Secondary attack rate", "opb": "Case fatality rate", "opc": "Primary attack rate", "opd": "Tertiary attack rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "6bff184c-ff4f-4f84-a558-a0fc728f45dc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Child with erythematous non blanching bosselated lesion on right side of face, Rx is aEUR'", "exp": "Flash light pumped dye laser \"Non blanching bosselated lesion on right side of the face suggests po wine stain\" Po wine stain (PWS), also called nevus fiammeus, is a congenital, cutaneous vascular malformation involving post-capillary venules which produce a light pink to red to dark-red- violet discoloration of human skin. PWS occurs in an estimated 3 children per 1,000 live bihs, affecting males and females and all racial groups equally. There appears to be no hereditary predilection for PWS within families. There are no known risk factors or ways to prevent PWS. The most likely hypothesis for the development of PWS is the deficiency or absence of surrounding neurons regulating blood .flow through the ectatic post-capillary venules. - As a result, the blood vessels are unable to constrict normally and remain permanently dilated. - They are \"non, blanching\". PWS is a progressive vascular malformation of the skin -PWS remain throughout life; there is no involution. PWS are well demarcated and .1lat and grow propoionately in surface area with the child. In infants and young children, PWS are flat red macules. However, the lesions tend to darken progressively to purple and, by adult age. often become raised as a result of the development of vascular papules bosselated or nodules. These changes in color and contour are attributed to progressive ectasia of the abnornull dermal vascular plexus. - If left untreated, PWS often become incompatible with normal life due to the development of vascular nodules on the skin surface which can often bleed spontaneously with incidental trauma. For all of the above reasons, it is essential to begin treatment of PWS as early as possible. The treatment of PWS early will prevent the development of hyperophic component of the lession. - \"The pulsed dye laser in conjunction with cryogen spray cooling (\"dynamic cooling device\" or \"DCD\") is now the treatment of choice for PWS\". Yellow light produced by the pulsed dye laser penetrates up to 2 mm into the skin and is preferentially absorbed by hemoglobin within the dilated PWS blood vessels. The heat adsorbed within the vessel lumen causes blood vessel damage which is evidenced by intense purpura (\"bruised\" appearance of the skin). The purpura heals, later on and the lesion is cured. Several treatment sessions spaced at 4-8 week intervals are required for maximum efficacy. The number of treatments required .for maximum PWS fading can he variable and unpredictable. Treatment side effects are mainly limited to post-operative swelling and purpura, which generally resolves within 2 weeks. With the addition of cryogen spray cooling. the risks of scarring or changes in the normal skin pigmentation are minimal after pulsed dye laser therapy performed l an experienced physician. Multiple pulsed dye laser devices are now available for PWS treatment, each with its own unique wavelength and pulse duration. Changing the wavelength or pulse duration of the laser can result in substantial PWS fading not previously observed with single device therapy. Moreover, several devices are sometimes used during an extended treatment protocol in order to destroy vessels of different sizes.", "cop": 3, "opa": ">Erbium laser", "opb": "Nd-YAG laser", "opc": ">Flash light pumped dye laser", "opd": ">Q ruby laser", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e5aac345-3c51-4e72-8cdf-181c1329feb4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "\"Lead time\" is,", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Time between disease onset and first possible point of diagnosis", "opb": "Time between first possible point of diagnosis and usual time of diagnosis", "opc": "Time between disease onset and final critical diagnosis", "opd": "Time between disease onset and usual time of diagnosis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "82c9c47b-0238-4443-80b4-1a6177d653cd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Limitation of case fatality rate", "exp": "Case fatality rate Total number of deaths due to a paicular disease ________________________________________ X 100 Total number of cases due to to the same disease Case fatality rate represents the killing power of a disease It is simply the ratio of deaths to cases The time interval is not specified Case fatality rate is typically used in acute infectious diseases ( eg: food poisoning, cholera, measles) Case fatality is closely related to virulence The case fatality rate for the same disease may vary in different epidemics because of changes in the agent, host and environmental factors Reference: Park&;s textbook of Preventive and Social medicine; 23rd edition; Page no. 58", "cop": 3, "opa": "Not useful in acute infectious disease", "opb": "Not related to virulence", "opc": "Time period not specified", "opd": "It is not related to survival rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "0f5bea50-fc60-434f-bfea-be906b37afef", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most common cause of death due to measles is", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Pneumonia", "opb": "Secondary bacterial infection", "opc": "Measles encephalitis", "opd": "Otitis media", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "8dc21618-1e70-4baa-b03e-86db8f05eb5e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A 3 yr old completely unimmunised child comes to an immunization clinic at PHC for the first time. He should receive", "exp": ".", "cop": 2, "opa": "BCG, Measles, Vitamin - A", "opb": "DT-1, OPV-1, Measles, Vitamin - A", "opc": "BCG, DPT - 1, OPV - 1, Measles, Vitamin - A", "opd": "DPT-1, OPV-1, Measles, Vitamin - A", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "60de4199-945a-45ba-8f1c-73a753f4f025", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most significant indicator of feility is", "exp": "Net reproductive rate is defined as the number of daughters a newborn girl will bear during her life time assuming fixed age specific feility and moality rates It is a demographic indicator NRR of 1 is equivalent to attaining approximately the 2 child norm If NRR < 1, then the reproductive performance of the population is said to below replacement level Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 489", "cop": 1, "opa": "Net reproductive rate", "opb": "Family size", "opc": "Gross reproductive rate", "opd": "General feility rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "27b1285f-9586-45a9-9cf0-a9529af3e18d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "A temporary, provisional view held by people on a point of debate is", "exp": "Opinions are views held by people on a point of dispute. Opinions by definition are temporary, provisional.They are based on the evidence available at the time.Beliefs, on the other hand, are permanent, stable, almost unchanging.We accept beliefs, without trying to prove that they are true.Park 23e pg: 676", "cop": 1, "opa": "Opinion", "opb": "Practice", "opc": "Attitude", "opd": "Belief", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Social science, Mental health & Genetics", "id": "eba769ee-8558-49c2-80ec-ebea0b7bc8bd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Sputum microscopy for TB diagnosis has", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "High sensitivity and low specificity", "opb": "Low sensitivity and Low specificity", "opc": "Low sensitivity and High specificity", "opd": "High sensitivity and High specificity", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "87af32e9-bfef-41b7-b44f-5b08bd9673f4", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Na+ content of ReSoMal (rehydration solution for malnourished children)", "exp": "ReSoMal is used for the preparation of an oral rehydration solution (ORS) exclusively for people suffering from severe acute malnutrition. It must be used under medical supervision in therapeutic feeding centres, and must not be given directly to families. To treat Severe Acute Malnutriton and address mineral deficiencies. Seriously malnourished children commonly suffer from a deficiency of potassium and various other mineral deficiencies, as well as from an abnormally high level of sodium. In the event of dehydration, it is therefore necessary to give them a specific ORS containing less sodium, more potassium and more magnesium, zinc and copper Ref :", "cop": 2, "opa": "30 mmol/L", "opb": "45 mmol/L", "opc": "60 mmol/L", "opd": "90 mmol/L", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "75830de0-0ef8-46e6-b61c-d1f38ae2964d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Best indicator of availability, utilization & effectiveness of health services", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "MMR", "opb": "IMR", "opc": "Hospital bed occupancy rate", "opd": "DALY", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "fe7e7794-d54f-4b1e-9059-b02276b378c3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Vaccine contrainidicated in pregnancy is", "exp": "Live vaccines MMR BCG Yellow fever contraindicated in pregnancy and radiation therapy (refer pgno:119 park 23rd edition)", "cop": 1, "opa": "Tuberculin", "opb": "Typhoid", "opc": "Influenza", "opd": "HBV", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "431be334-7149-4848-b49b-6e3f5b21982f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Culex tritaenorrhyncus transmits", "exp": "Ans. is 'd' i.e., Japanese encephalitis Dengue transmitted by - Aedes*Yellow fever transmitted by - Aedes*KFD transmitted by - Hard tick*", "cop": 4, "opa": "Dengue fever", "opb": "Yellow fever", "opc": "KFD", "opd": "Japanese encephalitis", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and Health", "id": "29aa1e91-b0e9-4207-bc7b-2ac588d10c10", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "National Rural Health Mission was launched in the year", "exp": "The government of India launched National Rural Health Mission in 2005,5th April for a period of 7 years later extended upto 2017. Mission seeks to improve rural health care delivery system. Ref: Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine.K Park. Edition 23.Pg no: 448", "cop": 1, "opa": "2005", "opb": "2003", "opc": "2007", "opd": "2010", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health programmes in India", "id": "fe3f75b4-2f8c-4626-9cc3-2c29320dded5", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Malaria recrudescence is", "exp": "Malaria recrudescence: Reappearance of sexual stage parasitemia after treatment as shown by\n\n– Plasmodium falciparum\n– Plasmodium malariae", "cop": 1, "opa": "Reappearance of sexual stage parasitemia after treatment", "opb": "Relapse of infection", "opc": "Relapse in vivax and ovale", "opd": "Resistant to treatment", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "d06be70b-7b5d-4262-b2d3-21d8bd733cb3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Quarantine period of yellow fever is", "exp": "A. i.e. (6 days) (237- Park 19th) (248- Park 20th)* All travelers {including infants) must possess a valid international certificate of vaccination against yellow fever before they are allowed to enter yellow fever \"receptive\" areas. If no such certificate is available the traveler is placed on quarantine, in a mosquito proof ward for 6 days from the date of leaving an infected area.**The validity of the certificate begins 10 days after the date of vaccination and extends upto 10 years*Important points(i) Yellow fever vaccine is valid till 10years**(ii) Incubation period of yellow fever is - 3 - 6 days**(iii) Transovarian transmission of the disease is seen in yellow fever**(iv) International certificate for traveling is required for -yellowfever**(v) Yellow fever is not present in India because the yellow fever virus is absent**. The common monkey of India. (Maccus spp) is susceptible to yellow fever. The missing link in the chain of transmission as the virus of yellow fever which does not seen to occur in India(vi) According to International health regulation there is no risk of spread of yellow fever. If the aedes aegypti index remains below 1%**(vii) Vector control for yellow fever around an airport is done upto a distance of 400 meter**(viii) Yellow fever - 17D vaccine** administered subcutaneously. Immunity begins to appear on the 7th day and last for more than 35 years and possibly for life. However WHO recommended revaccination after 10 years for international travel.(ix) Cholera and yellow fever vaccines given together or within 3 weeks interfere with each other* The duration of quarantine is Longest incubation period*", "cop": 1, "opa": "6 days", "opb": "8 days", "opc": "10 days", "opd": "12 days", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable Diseases", "id": "759f1bf5-053b-4787-b563-c318b707cad0", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Disinfecting action of chlorine in chlorination of Water is mainly due to (2018)", "exp": "CHLORINATION Chlorination is one of the greatest advances in water purification. Chlorine kills pathogenic bacteria, but is has no effect on spores and ceain viruses (e.g., polio, viral hepatitis) except in high doses. Apa from its germicidal effect, chlorine oxidizes iron, manganese and hydrogen sulphide; it destroys some taste and odour- producing constituents; it controls algae and slime organisms; and aids coagulation. Action of chlorine : When chlorine is added to water, there is formation of hydrochloric and hypochlorous acids. The hydrochloric acid is neutralized by the alkalinity of the water. The hypochlorous acid ionizes to form hydrogen ions and hypochlorite ions, as follows :- H2O + Cl2 -t HCI + HOC! HOCI -t H + OCI The disinfecting action of chlorine is mainly due to the hypochlorous acid, and to a small extent due to the hypochlorite ions. Ref:- park; pg num:- 774", "cop": 4, "opa": "Chloride ion", "opb": "Hypochlorite Ion", "opc": "Hydrochloric Acid", "opd": "Hypochlorous acid", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "9512f7c1-4be2-47f8-95ab-8be2cbe9b6cf", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "UNICEF is", "exp": "Ans) a or d Ref Park 20th ed p 820UNICEF is United Nations International Childrens Emergency Fund It is one of the specialised agencies of united nations.It was established in 1946 by united Nations General Assembly to deal with rehabilitation of children in war ravaged countries.But in 1953, when the emergency functions were over, the General Assembly gave it a new name U.N. Children's Fund\" but retained the initials UNICEFSo you have to be careful regarding the question and look carefully for the choice of UN Children's Fund. If present it may be deliberately given and may be the intended answer.So decision is left to you.... best of luck!!!!", "cop": 1, "opa": "United Nations Childrens Fund", "opb": "United Nations Childrens Emergency Fund", "opc": "United Nations International Childrens Educational Foundation", "opd": "United Nations International Childrens Emergency Fund", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Healthcare of the Community & International Health", "id": "31da8f37-a9cb-4f2e-b85f-ccfc35b09578", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Denominator for calculating propoional moality rate from a specific disease is", "exp": "Propoional moality rate (ratio)from a specific date is used to know the propoion of total deaths are due to a paicular cause= number of deaths from the specific disease in a year / total deaths from all causes in that yearPark 23e pg: 58", "cop": 3, "opa": "Midyear population during that year", "opb": "Population at risk in that paicular area", "opc": "Total deaths in that year", "opd": "Attributable deaths of a paicular disease", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "53a2683d-c902-4068-84ff-24215c4543ce", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Neuro lathyrism results due to", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Aflatoxin", "opb": "Pyruvic acid", "opc": "BOAA", "opd": "Sanguinarine", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "013a96ca-7ed9-437b-bdf4-e7482a816fa3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "\"Bilateral Compressed and wingless body, conical head, short piercing mouth parts and three pairs of strong legs\" is the description of", "exp": "Ans. a (Rat flea) (Ref. Park Textbook of PSM 22nd/pg. 712)ARTHROPODS OF MEDICAL INTEREST InsectaArachnidaCrustacea1Body divisionsHead, Thorax, AbdomenCephalothorax and abdomen (sometimes no division)Cephalothorax and abdomen2Legs3 pairs4 pairs5 pairs3Antennae1 pairNone2 pairs4WingsOne or two pairs, some winglessNoneNone5Where foundOn landOn landIn water -# Rat flea belongs to class Insecta which has 3 pairs of legs.# Option 2, 3, 4 belongs to class Arachnida which has 4 pairs of legs.# Cyclops belongs to class Crusteacea which has 5 pairs of legs.ClassIncludesClass Insecta includes# Mosquito, # Flies (houseflies, sand flies, tsetse flies, black flies) # Human lice # Fleas # Reduviid bugsClass Arachnida includes# Ticks (hard & soft tick), # Mites (trombiculid, itch mite)Class Crusteacea includes# Cyclops.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Rat flea", "opb": "Soft tick", "opc": "Hard tick", "opd": "Mite", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and Health", "id": "237a478c-9c9d-4c4a-a8cf-61634a0aa8ce", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "IMNCI curative component does not include", "exp": "Curative components under IMNCI\n\nDiarrhoea\nPneumonia\nMeasles\nMalaria\nSevere malnutrition.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Diarrhoea", "opb": "Measles", "opc": "Rubella", "opd": "Malaria", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "4dd63f09-89ea-4435-890d-65f245a1830a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Best time to screen in Breast self examination (BSE) technique is", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "1 week before the menstruation", "opb": "During ovulation", "opc": "2-3 days post-ovulation", "opd": "1 week after the menstruation", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "488d5564-a858-44cf-86df-6ec1af47898d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "\"CARE \" stands for", "exp": "CARE (Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere) provides emergency aid and long-term development assistance.CARE-India focused its food suppo in the ICDS programme and in development programmes in the areas of health and income supplementation.Park 23e pg: 924", "cop": 2, "opa": "Coordination and research everywhere", "opb": "Cooperative for assistance and relief everywhere", "opc": "Cure and relief everywhere", "opd": "Cooperation and research everywhere", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Health care of community & international health", "id": "868794a7-5c17-4fe8-9fbf-6769641a1be8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The head quaers of UNESCO is located in", "exp": "The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO is a specialized agency of the United nations (UN) based in Paris , France. Its declared purpose is to contribute to promoting international collaboration in education, sciences, and culture in order to increase universal respect for justice, the rule of law , and human rights .", "cop": 3, "opa": "New Delhi", "opb": "Geneva", "opc": "Paris", "opd": "New York", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "1d509422-d76b-46a0-a43d-875b932f738d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The relative risk of 1 indicates that", "exp": "Relative risk is the ratio of the incidence of the disease (or death) among exposed and the incidence among non-exposed. A relative risk of 1 means the incidence in exposed and non-exposed is same. So there is no relation between disease and cause (exposure). Park, pg: 79", "cop": 1, "opa": "There is no cause effect relationship", "opb": "Effect may be due to type 1 error", "opc": "Strong correlation", "opd": "Effect may be due to type 2 error", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "e3691408-6c32-4b39-b4ad-ef5b68fabd97", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "PQLI lies between", "exp": "PQLI -Physical quality of life index. The value is the average statistics, literacy rate, infant moality, life expectancy at age 1 ,all equally weighted on a 0 to 100 scale", "cop": 3, "opa": "0 and 1", "opb": "0 and 10", "opc": "0 and 100", "opd": "1 and 10", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "58971299-18a6-4d50-bc64-36fa77ddd3bc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Cyclodevelopmental stage is seen is", "exp": "cyclodevelopmental cycle means the agent undergoes only development but not multiplication,example is mocrofilaria in mosquitoref;parks textbook,ed22,pg94", "cop": 2, "opa": "Malaria", "opb": "Filaria", "opc": "Plague", "opd": "Cholera", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "11ca23af-4d91-4137-97c1-8af003395069", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Late pregnancy calorie requirement is", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "2800", "opb": "2300", "opc": "1500", "opd": "3000", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "a699f825-8ccf-4cbd-a98f-9ae08eb00fbd", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Saheli or Centchroman contains", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Estrogen + progesteron", "opb": "Raloxifene", "opc": "Ormeloxifene", "opd": "Steroid", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "910cc7b5-5896-47ba-9cd4-584841b25eb1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "High levels of HBeAg in serum indicates", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "HBeAg is not seen in the serum", "opb": "High infectivity of the virus", "opc": "Low infectivity of the virus", "opd": "Recovering stage", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "4041d199-785a-48cf-882e-5ff2fbb67156", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Following is not a risk factor for development of diabetes mellitus", "exp": "Cataract accounts for 62.6% of blindness in India.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Sedentary life style", "opb": "High intake of vitamin-A", "opc": "Excessive intake of alcohol", "opd": "Protein energy malnutrition in infancy", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "aa99016d-5ef9-4008-8323-b394620a996b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The flying range of Aedes aegypti mosquito is", "exp": "Description: Range of flight: Anopheles 3-5 km Culex 11 km Aedes 100 m Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 25th Edition, Pg 831", "cop": 1, "opa": "100 meters", "opb": "250 meters", "opc": "300 meters", "opd": "450 meters", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "58b32120-28f8-49f4-a92a-c10116c59c70", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The freshly prepared ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution) should not be used after", "exp": "Reduced Osmolarity Oral Rehydration Solution (Low Na ORS): WHO NEW ORS\nComposition (grams)\n\nSodium chloride - 2.6\nPotassium chloride - 1.5\nSodium citrate - 2.9\nGlucose - 13.5\nTotal -  20.5\n\nOsmolar concentration (mmol/litre)\n\nSodium - 75\nPotassium - 20\nChloride - 65\nCitrate - 10\nGlucose - 75\nTotal -245", "cop": 2, "opa": "6 hours", "opb": "24 hours", "opc": "18 hours", "opd": "12 hours", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "b9fb1240-8e4e-47ab-b2a0-5e7711bf871b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The following is an impoant indicator to measure the incidence of malaria in a community", "exp": "Annual Parasite Incidence (API) Sophisticated measure of malaria incidence in a community API = Confirmed cases during one year/population under surveillancex1000 Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 286", "cop": 3, "opa": "Slide positivity rate", "opb": "Annual falciparum incidence", "opc": "Annual parasite incidence", "opd": "Infant parasite rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Communicable diseases", "id": "08b8c409-8087-4e6f-bf5d-39405d68e9a3", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Black color in triage is", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "High priority", "opb": "Transfer", "opc": "Death", "opd": "Low priority", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "31b88247-745b-4594-8f05-e73102fad5d1", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In a community, an increase in new cases denotes", "exp": "Increased incident rates show that there is an increase in new cases of that particular disease.\nIncidence rate is defined as the number of NEW cases occurring in a defined population during a specified period of time.", "cop": 1, "opa": "Increase in incidence rate", "opb": "Increase in prevalence rate", "opc": "Decrease in incidence rate", "opd": "Decrease in prevalence rate", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "0e9c1b2c-66ab-48c1-8c20-6be56f4469d9", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Sharp waste should be disposed in", "exp": "Sharps include needles, infusion sets, scalpels, knives, blades and broken glassSharps belongs to category 4 of bio-medical waste in IndiaColor codingType of containerWaste categoryTreatment optionsYellowPlastic bagCat 1, 2, 3 & 6Incineration/deep burialRedDisinfected container/plastic bagCat 3, 6 & 7Autoclaving/Microwaving/Chemical treatmentBlue/White translucentPlastic bag/Puncture proof containerCat 4 & 7Autoclaving/Microwaving/Chemical treatment and Destruction/ShreddingBlackPlastic bagCat 5, 9 & 10 Disposal in secured landfillRef: Park; 23rd ed; Pg 794", "cop": 3, "opa": "Black bags", "opb": "Yellow bags", "opc": "White bags", "opd": "Red bags", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Hospital waste and disaster management, Occupational health", "id": "8e5ba8a7-f403-469a-8939-03ebe9cb5be7", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Unit of measurement of insulation of clothing is", "exp": "Clothing insulation is the thermal insulation provided by clothing.Clothing insulation may be expressed in clo units1 Clo = 0.155 m2K/WClo = 0 - corresponds to a naked personClo = 1 - corresponds to the insulating value of clothing needed to maintain a person in comfo sitting at rest in a room at 21 (70 ) with air movement of 0.1 m/s and humidity less than 50% - typically a person wearing a business suit", "cop": 2, "opa": "Cl units", "opb": "Clo Units", "opc": "Clot units", "opd": "Cloth units", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "ffc04f67-3b5e-4d3a-933a-ddf73a050984", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Sputum positive TB patients on chemotherapy should be isolated at least for", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "3 weeks", "opb": "2 weeks", "opc": "4 weeks", "opd": "6 weeks", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "d34d9300-6947-4232-8bc3-331ea909bfed", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Study unit of ecological study is", "exp": "In ecological studies the unit of observation is the population or community. * Disease rates and exposures are measured in each of a series of populations and their relation is examined. * Often the information about disease and exposure is abstracted from published statistics and therefore does not require expensive or time", "cop": 1, "opa": "Population", "opb": "Patient", "opc": "Community", "opd": "Case", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "b52a06ca-aa02-4184-b901-277d1544221f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Causal association factors can be revealed by", "exp": "Case-control studies often retrospective studies are a common first approach to test the causal hypothesis. In recent years case-control study has emerged as a permanent method of epidemiological investigation. - Both exposure and outcome have occurred before the study. - The study proceeds backward from effect to cause. - It uses a control or comparison group to suppo or refute an inference Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 79", "cop": 1, "opa": "Case control study", "opb": "Coho study", "opc": "Cross sectional study", "opd": "Experimental study", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "8ad5f442-3c9b-43be-bb02-175989d54c41", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Negative skived distribution has", "exp": "Normal distribution has ⇒ Mean - Median = mode.\nPositive skewed distribution or Right side skewed has ⇒ Mean > median > mode.\nNegative / deft side skewed distribution has ⇒ Mean < median < mode.", "cop": 3, "opa": "Mean = median = mode", "opb": "Mean > median > mode", "opc": "Mode > median > mean", "opd": "No correlation", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "42638c22-3379-4215-8bf0-bf79e1dd5d7f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Prevalence is calculated by formula(2018)", "exp": "Relationship between prevalence and incidence Prevalence depends upon 2 factors, the incidence and duration of illness. Given the assumption that the population is stable, and incidence and duration are unchanging, the relationship between incidence and prevalence can be expressed as : P= IxD = incidence x mean duration Ref:- park; pg num:- 69", "cop": 4, "opa": "Incidence x Mean durationx100", "opb": "Incidence/ Mean duration x 100", "opc": "Incidence/Mean duration", "opd": "Incidence x Mean duration", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "All India exam", "id": "41a64d9e-cd8b-4db8-b999-549a0197f6ac", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Protein requirement in adult male", "exp": "Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed Pgno : 662", "cop": 2, "opa": "0.5 gm/kg/day", "opb": "1 gm/kg/day", "opc": "1.5 gm/kg/day", "opd": "2 gm/kg/day", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and health", "id": "33c583e9-ea87-4662-b95a-7af179accedf", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Most dangerous pesticide color code given", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Green", "opb": "Yellow", "opc": "Red", "opd": "Black", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "5d42e538-2e31-4d7f-a762-ddd80c60c7ed", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Temporal association of a disease is best established by", "exp": "Temporal relationship: Exposure must precede disease\"A well-designed coho study is considered the most reliable means of showing an association between a suspected risk factor and subsequent disease\"Park 23e pg:76", "cop": 3, "opa": "Case-Control study", "opb": "Cross-section study", "opc": "Coho study", "opd": "Descriptive study", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "4f0bcd88-38ac-48b4-9b1b-f338a0d1b44d", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Soiling index is a measure of", "exp": "Smoke or soiling index: A known volume of air is filtered through a white paper under specified conditions and the stain is measured by the photoelectric meter.Smoke concentration is estimated and expressed as micrograms/cubic metre of air as an average level over a period of time.Park 23e pg: 736", "cop": 2, "opa": "Soil pollution", "opb": "Water pollution", "opc": "Noise pollution", "opd": "Air pollution", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and health", "id": "16af08a8-04ac-437d-95b8-37525b15aecb", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Population coverage of primary health center", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "20,000 in plain area", "opb": "10,000 in tribal area", "opc": "30,000 in tribal area", "opd": "30,000 in plain area", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "136e14ef-c905-49dc-b188-a03d206ab47c", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Solid waste is seen in category", "exp": "Categories of bio-medical waste in IndiaCategory NoWaste category1Human anatomical waste2Animal waste3Microbiology and biotechnology waste4Sharps5Discarded medicines and cytotoxic drugs6Solid waste 7Solid waste 8Liquid waste9Incineration ash10Chemicals used in the production of biologicalsRef: Park; 23rd ed; Pg 793", "cop": 3, "opa": "3", "opb": "5", "opc": "6", "opd": "9", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Hospital waste and disaster management, Occupational health", "id": "6bafe202-6815-494b-80d8-316785a78e46", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Feility, moality, marriage, migration and social mobility are 5 components constituting", "exp": "Demography deals with five &;Demographic processes&; namely feility, moality, marriage, migration and social mobility.These 5 processes are continuously at work within a population determining size, composition and distribution.(Ref:- Park. 23rd ed. Page no 479)", "cop": 3, "opa": "Demographic trends", "opb": "Demographic characteristics", "opc": "Demographic processes", "opd": "Demographic indicators", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Demography and family planning", "id": "aca1d477-8a7f-4f33-b6e7-701d98cc575e", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Not a direct cause of maternal mortality", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Hemorrhage", "opb": "Sepsis", "opc": "Hypertension", "opd": "Heart disease", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "d8eb849e-cb4d-4cff-b75b-e0907fe6af15", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Category 7 on biomedical waste management contains", "exp": "Ans. (b) Solid wasteCat. BMWWASTES INCLUDED1.Human Anatomical WasteHuman tissues, organs, body parts2.Animal wasteAnimal tissues, body parts,organs,carcasses, fluids, blood3.Microbiology & biotechnology wasteWaste from lab cultures,stocks,specimens of microorganisms, vaccines,cellcultues,toxins, wastes from production of biological4.Waste sharpsNeedles, syringes,scalpels,glass,blade5.Discarded medication & cytotoxic drugsExpired medicines, discarded medicines6.Soiled wasteItems contaminated with blood, fluids, includingcotton, dressings, linen, bandag e,plasters7.Solid wasteDisposable items (except sharps),including catheter,tubes,i.v sets8.Liquid wasteWaste generated from lab,washing cleaning,disinfecting activities9.Incineration ashAsh from incineration of any BMW10.Chemical wasteChemical used in disinfection", "cop": 2, "opa": "Soiled waste", "opb": "Solid waste", "opc": "Liquid waste", "opd": "Incineration ash", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Environment and Health", "id": "3ff38f5e-aa7b-42c1-b387-208ac562585f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In case control studies", "exp": ".case control studies are retrrspective studies,that proceeds from effect to cause.it requires two study groups,namely cases and controls.both exposure and outcome has occurred at the time of study.they are basically comparison studies,four basic steps of this incudes, selection of cases and controls matching measurement of exposure analysis and interpretation,from a case control study we can derive odd&;s ratio that is a measure of association between risk factor and outcome.it is closely related to relative risk. ref:park&;s textbook,ed22,pg no 70", "cop": 4, "opa": "Many patients are needed", "opb": "Incidence can be calculated", "opc": "Cause to effect is preceded", "opd": "Odd ratio can be calculated", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Epidemiology", "id": "61b3fdcc-f5bf-48ff-b0e1-fca25409b7ce", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Area under standard normal distribution curve is", "exp": "Standard normal distribution curve has :\n\nArea under the curve = 1.\nHas variance = 1.\nMean = median = mode.\nMean = 0\nStandard deviation = 1.", "cop": 1, "opa": "1", "opb": "0.5", "opc": "5", "opd": "2", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "15f20fb2-1bd4-4ffc-a327-115f9b2f63fc", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Sanguinarine causes", "exp": "B. i.e. (Epidemic dropsy) (525 - Park 19th) (571 - Park 20th) NeurolathyrismL. sativus (Khasaridal)**Beta - oxalyl - amino - alanine (BOAA*) Endemic ascitis* Jhunjhunia seeds**Toxic alkaloid is - Pyrrolizidine**Symptoms of Epidemic dropsy are - Sudden- non inflammatory bilateral swelling of legs, Diarrhoea* cardiac failure* glaucoma* and last death", "cop": 2, "opa": "Neurolathyrism", "opb": "Epidemic dropsy", "opc": "Endemic ascites", "opd": "Aflatoxins", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Nutrition and Health", "id": "80477e30-29d4-4759-ae85-c877717f1eb2", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The plastic cover of syringes are disposed of in", "exp": "Wrapper in Black Syringe without needle - RED Needle - White", "cop": 3, "opa": "Red bag", "opb": "Yellow bag", "opc": "Black bag", "opd": "Blue bag", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Hospital waste and disaster management, Occupational health", "id": "726f34ba-4e2c-4f21-a64c-3f59eb40266f", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "In salmonolosis disease, isolation is done till", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "Fever subsides", "opb": "Blood culture negative", "opc": "Stool culture negative for three times", "opd": "Spleen subsides", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "6fb7c12f-cd64-4b0e-8aae-7552e3f4cd4b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "During disaster management the following condition would be classified under international code green signal", "exp": null, "cop": 3, "opa": "High priority treatment", "opb": "Medium priority treatment", "opc": "Ambulatory patient", "opd": "Dead patients", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "2859fd6f-6ebf-44dd-a178-8c3facb5bc2a", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "‘Lead time’ refers to the time between", "exp": null, "cop": 2, "opa": "Disease onset and first critical diagnosis", "opb": "First possible point of detection and usual time of diagnosis", "opc": "Disease onset and first possible point of detection", "opd": "First possible point of detection and final critical point", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "9dd2bfe5-2157-4655-aae8-672081f08f96", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Japanese Encephalitis is caused by", "exp": "Transmitted by Culex mosquitoes", "cop": 1, "opa": "Transmitted by Culex mosquitoes", "opb": "Transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes", "opc": "Transmitted by Mansoni mosquitoes", "opd": "Transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "e356f5a1-b6cf-423f-9bdd-cedf462c3a13", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Height to weight is a/an", "exp": "Ref: Parks 23rd edition pg 852 Height and weight are association. In order to find out whether there is significant association or not between the two variables , coefficient or Corelation is calculated . r lies between -1 and +1 r near -1 : indicates strong negative correlation . r = 0 : indicates no association r near +1: indicates strong positive correlation. Note: correlation does not necessarily prove causation .", "cop": 1, "opa": "Association", "opb": "Regression", "opc": "Propoion", "opd": "Index", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Biostatistics", "id": "f151bcfc-25db-4142-9307-8df11339ec26", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Recommendation of the Krishnan committee was for", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "Integration of PHCs", "opb": "Village health guides", "opc": "Local dai", "opd": "Abolition of private practise", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "d6927e98-9602-4c37-8652-527c902f7be6", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Primordial prevention is", "exp": "Primordial Prevalence: It is the prevention of emergence or development of risk factors in countries or population groups in which they have not yet appeared. Eg :. Obesity , Hypeension", "cop": 4, "opa": "Prevention of diseases among the hill-dwelling and tribal people", "opb": "Prolongation of human life span to the maximum extent", "opc": "Promotion of health, well being and efficiency", "opd": "Prevention of diseases through modification of their risk factors", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "b2b873e8-2647-46c4-b7f8-d77f6d5dfc67", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "The recommended level of fluorides in drinking water in this Country is accepted as", "exp": null, "cop": 1, "opa": "0.5 to 0.8 mg per litre", "opb": "1 to 2 mg per litre", "opc": "3 to 6 mg per litre", "opd": "7 to 12 mg per litre", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "d83bea88-c941-4c19-bdd3-b431e5988a8b", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "According to International Health Regulations, there is no risk of spread of yellow Fever if the Aedes aegypti index remains below", "exp": "International Health Regulations (IHRs) of WHO covers 7 diseases:\n\n– Cholera\n– Plague\n– Yellow Fever\n– Smallpox\n– Wild Polio Virus\n– Human Influenza\n– SARS\n\nInternational measures to restrict the spread of Yellow Fever (IHRs):\n\n– Travellers:\n- Must possess a valid International certificate of vaccination (validity 10days – 10yrs) against YF before they enter ‘YF receptive areas’\n- If no such certificate available: Quarantine for 6 days (Max I.P of YF) from date of leaving an infected area\n- If traveller arrives before certificate becomes valid (10 days after vaccination): Isolate till it becomes valid\nMosquitoes:\n- Aircrafts/ships arriving from endemic areas: Aerosol spray to kill insect vectors\n- Airports/ seaports kept free from vector breeding: at least 400 meters around boundary\n- Aedes aegypti index: kept below 1%", "cop": 2, "opa": "5%", "opb": "1%", "opc": "10%", "opd": "8%", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "2a9ec54f-f117-4e8e-83bd-c05a0257dcd8", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Trombiculid mite can transmit", "exp": null, "cop": 4, "opa": "Indian tick typhus", "opb": "Q. fever", "opc": "Relapsing fever", "opd": "Scrub typhus", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "0c144fbe-d5b5-4b10-81a9-881841e4c414", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Primary prevention among the following is", "exp": "Marriage counseling is a type of primary prevention. Primary prevention: Action taken prior to the onset of the disease which removes the possibility that a disease will ever occur. Amniocentesis, Pap smear, and self-breast examination are screening tests to detect disease in the early phase which comes under secondary prevention - Early diagnosis and treatment. Marriage counseling includes the health promotion for the prevention of specific causal factors which help to decrease the incidence of disease. Ref: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 24th edition - Page no.47, 865", "cop": 1, "opa": "Marriage counseling", "opb": "Amniocentesis", "opc": "Pap smear", "opd": "Self breast examination", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": "Concept of health and disease", "id": "9e0a486d-7495-4fa7-a67b-8a313ef4fbaa", "choice_type": "single"}
{"question": "Iodised salt is given in an area endemic to Goiter. Type of prevention", "exp": "Iodised salt is given in an area which has risk of developing goiter.\nThis is a primary level of prevention done by specific protection.\n• Primordial prevention is done before the emergence of risk factor.", "cop": 2, "opa": "Health promotion", "opb": "Specific protection", "opc": "Primordial prevention", "opd": "Treatment", "subject_name": "Social & Preventive Medicine", "topic_name": null, "id": "c733da0a-b23e-4373-a80c-abbc60b51365", "choice_type": "single"}