Question: Cuspal angulation for semi anatomic teeth is

20 degrees is the cuspal angulation of semi anatomic teeth. It is wider to corresponding anatomic teeth.


Question: A young permanent incisor with an open apex has a pinpoint exposure due to a traumatic injury that occurred 24 hours previously. The best treatment is

Because the exposure site is likely significantly contaminated from the injury that occurred 24 hours previously, direct pulp capping with calcium hydroxide is contraindicated. A calcium hydroxide pulpectomy should not be the automatic procedure accomplished because continued root elongation and closure of the pulp canal will likely not occur. A calcium hydroxide pulpotomy is preferable for a traumatized tooth with an open apex with either a large exposure or a small exposure of several hours or days postinjury. Clinically, the tooth should be anesthetized and, under sterile conditions, and the clinician should open the pulp chamber in search of healthy pulp tissue. It is likely that vital tissue will be present within 24 hours of the injury.

Place calcium hydroxide on the pinpoint exposure

Open the pulp chamber to find healthy pulp tissue and perform a pulpotomy

Initiate conventional root canal treatment with gutta-percha


Question: CPITN stands for

Community Periodontal Index with Treatment Needs

Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Needs

Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs

Community Periodontal Index and Treatment Needs


Question:
A child dentist manages an uncooperative child by demonstrating
the procedures on another cooperative child. This way of
child management is


Question: The most rigid palatal major connector is


Question: Advocated apical seal for dowel core is


Question:
The art of reinforcing good behaviour displayed by the
child with verbal praise applies the


Question: 1st evidence of calcification of Primary Upper canine is seen in


Question: Kaposi varicelliform lesion coommonly seen in

kaposis varicelliform eruption / eczema herpeticum disseminated cutaneous infection caused by herpes simplex infection in patients with preexisting active dermatitis. Most common in atopic dermatitis Other skin diseases associated with eczema herpeticum:seborrheicdermatitis, pemphigus foliaceous, pityriasis rubra Pilaris, ichthyosaurs,mycosis fungoides, pemphigus foliaceous,darriers disease,burns. iadvl textbook of dermatology,page 245


Question: A test that can be used for typing of class I histocompatibility antigens is

Donor-recipient mixed lymphocyte response

Antibody and complement mediated cytotoxicity


Question: Metronidazole is NOT effective in the treatment of


Question: Bacterial "finger printing" illustrate that periodontal pathogens are

Transmissible within member of same colonies


Question: Phrynoderma is NOT due to deficiency of

PHRYNODERMA(toad-skin disease):- May be a manifestation of vitamin A deficiency, though it may also be due to deficiency of essential fatty acids and even vitamin B. Manifests as rough, hyperkeratotic follicular papules around elbows and knees. Ref:- NEENA KHANNA; pg num:- 391


Question: Maximum coverage to distribute forces over a wide area


Question: After periodontal surgery, the method of brushing recommended is


Question: The elastomer having the longest curing time is


Question: Hidradenitis suppurativa is infection of

Hidradenitis suppurativa is infection of sebaceous glands It is actually due to keratin blockage of apocrine glands but the inflammation extends to involve the eccrine and the sebaceous glands Hidradenitis suppurativaisalso called Acne inversa or ectopic acne It is a chronic recurrent follicular disease presenting after pubey in the apocrine gland-bearing areas such as axilla, groin, perineal and perianal regions, buttocks and infra and inter-mammary folds It has an association with obesity and smoking Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), also known as acne inversa, is a long term skin disease characterized by the occurrence of inflamed and swollen lumps. These are typically painful and break open, releasing fluid or pus. The areas most commonly affected are the underarms, under the breasts, and groin. Scar tissue remains after healing Self-consciousness or depression may result. *The cause of HS remains unknown, and expes disagree over proposed causes. The condition probably results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. *Lesions occur in any body areas with hair follicles, although areas such as the axilla, groin, and perianal region are more commonly involved. This theory includes most of the following potential indicators: Postpubescent individuals are more likely to exhibit HS.[ Plugged apocrine (sweat) gland or hair follicle Excessive sweating Androgen dysfunction Genetic disorders that alter cell structure Patients with more advanced cases may find exercise intolerably painful, which may increase the rate of obesity among sufferers. The historical understanding of the disease suggests dysfunctional apocrine glands[or dysfunctional hair follicles, possibly triggered by a blocked gland, create inflammation, pain, and a swollen lesion Treatment Medication: Antibiotics: taken by mouth, these are used for their anti-inflammatory propeies rather than to treat infection. Most effective is a combination of rifampicin and clindamycin given concurrently for 2-3 months. A few popular antibiotics include tetracycline, minocycline, and clindamycin.Topical clindamycin has been shown to have an effect in double-blind placebo controlled studies. Coicosteroid injections. Also known as intralesional steroids: can be paicularly useful for localized disease, if the drug can be prevented from escaping the sinuses. Antiandrogen therapy: hormonal therapy with antiandrogenic medications such as spironolactone, flutamide, cyproterone acetate, ethinylestradiol, finasteride, dutasteride, and metformin have been found to be effective in clinical studies.However, the quality of available evidence is low and does not presently allow for robust evidence-based recommendation Intravenous or subcutaneous infusion of anti-inflammatory (anti-TNF-alpha) drugs such as infliximab, and etanercept. This use of these drugs is not currently Food and Drug Administration approved and is somewhat controversial, so may not be covered by insurance. TNF inhibitor: Studies have suppoed that various TNF inhibitors have a positive effect on hidradenitis suppurativa lesions. Specifically adalimumab at weekly intervals is useful. Topical isotretinoin is usually ineffective in people with HS and is more commonly known as a medication for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Individuals affected by HS who responded to isotretinoin treatment tended to have milder cases of the condition Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1234


Question: Shag Carpet appearance is associated with

Microscopic appearance of substrate dentin and etchant is known as Shag Carpet Appearance.


Question: Exclamation mark hair is seen in

Exclamatory mark hair are seen in alopecia areata. ref Harrison20th edition pg 1334


Question: Enamel organ is


Question: Acid etching was given by


Question: The highest point of the concavity behind the occipital condyles


Question: Omenn syndrome is a form of

Omenn syndrome is an autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) characterized by erythroderma (skin redness), desquamation (peeling skin), alopecia (hair loss), chronic diarrhoea, failure to thrive, lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes), eosinophilia, hepatosplenomegaly, and elevated serum IgE levels. Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1234


Question: Fluid flow, in or out of the dentinal tubules proportional to the tuble diameter by


Question: In Endodontics Endotec is used

with lateral condensation and heated gutta percha


Question: Persistant the cultures in a root canal is mostly due to


Question: Ceramic fusion is an example of

The purpose of firing is simply to sinter the particles of powder together properly to form the prosthesis.
Melting temperature of newer alumina ceramic is too high: Hence, liquid phase sintering does not happen.
Particles fuse in solid phase sintering alone.


Question: Polishing agent for amalgam

TIN OXIDE:
This extremely fine abrasive material is used extensively as a polishing agent for polishing teeth and metallic restorations such as dental amalgams in the mouth. It is mixed with water, alcohol or glycerin to form a mildly abrasive paste.
Phillips Science of Dental Material 12th Edition Page. 245-246.


Question: The sixth complication of diabetes mellitus is


Question: The point of intersection of dorsal contours of Mandibular processes


Question:
Best retainer advised after the closure of midline
diastema is


Question: The process of primary colonizing bacteria adhering to tooth surface providing new receptors for attachment other bacteria is known as


Question: Back washing is a recommended technique for


Question: Pityriasis alba may be a manifestation of

Pityriasis Alba Both indeterminate leprosy and pityriasis alba are seen on the face of children. Melanocytes decreased in number with fewer and small melanosomes. It Commonly affects children. Characterized as a mild form of atopic dermatitis. Clinical findings:- Pale pink/light brown macules with indistinct margins, powdery scale: more apparent on darker skinned patients. Treatment: Topical steroids, emollients. Ref:- Dermatology pictorial review by ASRA ALI; pg num:-167

Skin lesions and disorders of pigmentation


Question:
In a removable partial denture, the clasps provide
retention and stability; support is provided by


Question: Arch criminal in caries


Question: Three mix MP triple antibiotic paste consists of

Triple antibiotic paste

Consists of metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline in a macrogol/propylene glycol ointment.
It is inserted into canal with a sterile Lentulo spiral and left in the canal for 2-4 weeks.
Advantages:  -

Very effective in elimination of intracanal microbes
Broad spectrum action
Easy to prepare as ingredients are easily prepared

Disadvantages of triple AB paste:

Difficult to test the antimicrobial effectiveness in endodontic models due to absence of an inactivator to prevent the carryover effect.
Combination of bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotic is not rational scientifically
Tetracycline analogs like minocycline can cause discoloration of tooth due to diffusion into dentinal tubules. Hence the mix should never be left in the coronal pulp chamber


Question: The mantle dentin found alon DEJ is

The mantle dentin found along the DEJ is about 20μm thick and it contains larger-diameter argyrophilic (silver stained) collagen fibers arranged perpendicularly to the DEJ. The circumpulpal dentin contains smaller-diameter closely packed collagen fibers. The dentin which forms after root completion is called secondary dentin.


Question: Gingiva in children


Question: The intercondylar distance can be adjusted in the


Question: A divided pulp canal is most likely to occur in the


Question: A neuro peptide molecule that stimulates cell division in pulpal fibroblasts


Question: Eruption of Deciduous Mandibular Central incisor occur at


Question: Order of disease is

a)	Impairment (I) — Disability(D) — Handicap (H)


Question: 75% negative predictivity indicate

25% population tested do not have the disease

There is 75% probability that the people tested negative for the disease, do not have the disease in reality

75% population tested, 75% do not have the disease


Question: Most common cause of death in malignant melanoma is due to

CNS metastasis is the most common cause of death in malignant melanoma.


Question: Fishy net pattern is seen in

In Direct immunofluorescence of skin biopsy specimen intercellular IgG -fishnet pattern throughout the epidermis is seen in pemphigus vulgaris Linear IgG and C3 at basement membrane zone is seen in bullous pemphigoid. Granular IgA at basement membrane zone and tips of dermal papillae is seen in Dermatitis herpetiformis IADVL's concise textbook of dermatology page 1073


Question: The ideal dimension for the luting agent space is


Question: Drug not causing exanthematous skin eruption

Drugs causing exanthematous eruptions are penicillin, sulfonamides, anticonvulsants, anti tubercular , allopurinol, nevirapine, phenylbutazone. Hydrocoisone is a coicosteroid is used for the treatment of severe drug reactions but will not induce exanthem


Question: Dentinal tubules are calcified in


Question: drug of choice for ahritis in reiters disease

Reiters syndrome/ flies singer-Leroy disease: traid of urethritis , ahritis conjunctivitis Genetic predisposition: hla b 27 Causative organisms: Chlamydia trachomatis Salmonella Campylobacter Yersinia Shigella Clostridium diff iCal eah Clinical features: chronological appearance First manifestations: urethritis,conjunctivitis Ahritis Circulate Balan it is Ahritis: asymmetric , oligoaicular-predilection to lower extremity large joints, enthesitis( inflammation of tendons and ligaments at the sites of inseion into capsule or bone),sacroilitis. Rapid development of massive effusions. Sausage digitis-diffuse swelling of solitary finger or toe Joints: early morning stiffness and pain. Genitourinary: nonspecific urethritis, cervicitis, cystitis, hematuria, hydronephrosis,prostatitis, baholinitis,vaginitis, salpingitis Eye lesions: conjunctivitis,uveitis,iridocyclitis Cutaneous: keratoderma blemorrhagicum-hyper keratotic pustular lesions on erythematous base involving palms and soles.crusted thick horny lesions with thick scales circulate Balanitis-most common irregular moist superficial erosions or ulcers coalesce to form circinate lesions. ulceration over tongue-painless Cardiac: aoic is and hea block Renal- glomerulonephritis Investigations: Elevated acute phase reactants Elevated esr Jointfluid-pseudo sepsis- neutrophils>50000/ul, with reiters cells Radiology: enthesitis with periosteum reaction, asymmetric sacroilitis, spondylitis, non marginal syndesmophytes Conditions to be differentiated from reactive ahritis Treatment Ahritis: Physiotherapy, nsaids,indomethacin is the drug of choice. Dmards-sulfasalazine, methotrexate,hydroxychloroquine,prednisolone,acitretin in hiv patients Biological: infliximab,etanercept Cyclosporine, levamisole,gold,pencillamine. Skin and mucus membranes: topical keratolytis, topical coicosteroids,methotrexate,acetretin Iadvl textbook of dermatology


Question: The average width of enamel rods is


Question: The following is not an absolute indication for mounting an orthodontic study cast on an articulator

To record and document any CR-CO discrepancy

To record and document the excursive paths of the mandible

Class II malocclusion with severe tooth material excess of more than 14mm


Question: Boucher's method of relining is a


Question: Subodontoblastic zone is


Question: Methyl methacrylate used in dentistry is a

Thermoset resin,but used by thermoplastic

Thermoplastic resin, but used by thermoset means

Thermoplastic resin, but used by thermoplastic means

Thermoset resin,used by thermoset means only


Question: 1st evidence of calcification of Lower 2nd premolar is seen in


Question:
The syndrome characterized by hyperkeratosis of hands and
feet together with severe destruction of periodontal tissues in primary and permanent teeth and calcification of dura


Question: Best way to join cast titanium components

Laser welding in an argon gas atmosphere is a method of choice for joining titanium components of dental prostheses, because the coherent, high-intensity laser pulse of light can be focused in a small region and melt the substrate without extensive microstructural damage to the surrounding areas. An advantage of welding is that the joint will be composed of the same pure titanium as the substrate components, thereby preserving the excellent biocompatibility potential of CP Ti.
Phillip’s 12th edition page 392


Question: Dental and periodontal infections can pose a severe risk to patients under


Question: Twin wire appliance is a


Question: The recommended rubber dam retainer for maxillary molar anchor teeth is


Question: The minimum mesiodistal space required for placement of two standard diameter implants (4.0 mm diameter) between teeth is


Question: Function of wetting agents used in casting procedure is

To reduce contact angle of a liquid with wax surface


Question: Working length is


Question: Colour of no 35 file is


Question: Contact dermatitis is a type of Hypersensitivity

Table 74.1 CLASSIFICATION OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS BASED ON IMMUNE PATHWAY Type Key Pathway Key Immune Mediators Adverse Drug Reaction Type Type I IgE IgE Uicaria, angioedema, anaphylaxis Type II IgG-mediated cytotoxicity IgG Drug-induced hemolysis, thrombocytopenia (e.g. penicillin) Type III Immune complex IgG + antigen Vasculitis, serum sickness, drug-induced lupus Type IV a T lymphocyte-mediated macrophage inflammation IFN-g, TNF-a TH1 cells Tuberculin, skin test, contact dermatitis Type IV b T lymphocyte-mediated eosinophil inflammation IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 TH2 cells Eosinophils Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS)Morbilliform eruption Type IV c T lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxic T lymphocyte inflammation Cytotoxic T lymphocytes GranzymePerforin Granulysin (Stevens-johnson syndrome (SJS)/ toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) only) SJS/TEN Morbilliform eruption Type IV d T lymphocyte-mediated neutrophil inflammation CXCLB, IL-17, GM-CSF Neutrophils Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP)


Question: Sago grain like lesions between fingers is

Dyshidrosis, is a type of dermatitis, that is characterized by itchy blisters on the palms of the hands and bottoms of the feet.Blisters are generally one to two millimeters in size and heal over three weeks.However, they often recur.Redness is not usually present. Repeated attacks may result in fissures and skin thickening. also called as pompholyx Cause: Triggers may include allergens, physical or mental stress, frequent hand washing, or metals.Diagnosis is typically based on what it looks like and the symptoms.Allergy testing and culture may be done to rule out other problems. Other conditions that produce similar symptoms include pustular psoriasis and scabies. Avoiding triggers may be useful as may a barrier cream.Treatment is generally with steroid cream.High strength steroid creams may be required for the first week or two. Antihistamines may be used to help with the itch] If this is not effective steroid pills, tacrolimus, or psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) may be tried. About 1 in 2,000 people are affected in Sweden.Males and females appear to be affected equally.It explains about one in five cases of hand dermatitis.The first description was in 1873. The name comes from the word "dyshidrotic", meaning "difficult sweating", as problems with sweating was once believed to be the cause Ref Harrison20th edition pg 2345


Question: Dentinogenesis by odontoblasts first begins at


Question: Congenital dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, defect is in

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of rare genetic conditions that result in easy blistering of the skin and mucous membranes. Blisters occur with minor trauma or friction and are painful. Its severity can range from mild to fatal. Those with mild cases may not develop symptoms until they sta to crawl or walk The human skin consists of two layers: an outermost layer called the epidermis and a layer underneath called the dermis. In individuals with healthy skin, there are protein anchors between these two layers that prevent them from moving independently from one another (shearing). In people born with EB, the two skin layers lack the protein anchors that hold them together, resulting in extremely fragile skin--even minor mechanical friction (like rubbing or pressure) or trauma will separate the layers of the skin and form blisters and painful sores. Sufferers of EB have compared the sores with third-degree burns. Fuhermore, as a complication of the chronic skin damage, people suffering from EB have an increased risk of malignancies (cancers) of the skin Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1332


Question: Eruption of Maxillary 3rd molar occur at


Question: In a Balanced Occlusion, if the incisal guidance is increased, then there is


Question: Indication of gingivectomy is

pocket depth below mucogingival junction


Question: Linear depression on a tooth surface


Question: Crown completion of deciduous Maxillary central incisors occur


Question: PERIOTEST is used for detecting


Question: Concentration of fluoride in salt


Question: Age was found to be a factor affecting the relation of diabetes mellitus and periodontics


Question: If the prevalence is low as compared to the incidence of disease, it implies

Disease is very fatal and/or easily curable

Nothing can be said, as they are independent


Question: Pompholyx is

Pompholyx: A form of eczema of the palms and soles, in which oedema fluid accumulates to form visible vesicles or bullae. pompholyx of palms : cheiropompholyx, and of soles : podopompholyx Clinical Features: Characterised by the sudden onset of crops of clear vesicles, which appear deeply seated and 'sago-like'. Itching may be severe, preceding the eruption of vesicles. Attack subsides spontaneously, and resolution with desquamation occurs in 2-3 weeks in most cases. Treatment: The hands or feet should be soaked three or four times a day in either Burow's solution (aluminium acetate 1%) or potassium permanganate solution (diluted 1 : 8000). Systemic antibiotics will be required if secondary bacterial infection develops..

Bacterial infection of the palms and soles


Question: Strip crowns are indicated in pediatric patients with


Question: The last solution used in root canal treatment to avoid painful surgical emphysema before dressing is


Question: Treatment of tinea versicolor

itraconazole is used to treat pityriasis versicolor, a suggested regimen is 200 mg/d for 7 days, with a minimum cumulative dose of at least 1000 mg being required for effective therapy. Four weeks after the sta of therapy, cure rates of 80% to 90% have been repoed.


Question: Patient pays a stipulated amount of money towards the treatment is termed


Question:
According to Horning and Cohen staging of oral
necrotizing diseases stage one represents


Question: The proteins found in attachment plaque


Question: G.P. is plasticized (softened) by


Question: The marked structure is


Question: In maxillary 1st permanent molar, the 2 obtuse angles are


Question: While recording the rest position of the mandible, the patient’s head position should be

In this position, action of the muscles that regulate mandibular position is equalized and mandible is free of any undue pull of any muscle.

Head should be supported by the head rest

Patient should be lying in repose position


Question: Axiopulpal line angle is bevelled in amalgam preparation to facilitate

For containment of amalgam within the matrix

To increase the strength of remaining tooth structure


Question: Change in color of traumatized tooth is evident in


Question:
Gennifer, a 4 years got her lower 2nd molar extracted due
to caries, the possible Line of treatment is

Band and loop between primary 1st molar and permanent 1st molar


Question: Stearic acid is added in impression compound for


Question: Average duration of function of primary dentition

Average duration of function of primary dentition is 6 yrs while maximum duration is 10 years.


Question:
Any loss or abnormality of psychological, or anatomical
structure or function is


Question: Fluoride safe dose is


Question: After 6 years of age, the Lengthening of mandible occurs mainly


Question: GTR is related to


Question: Ultrasonic scalers vibrate at approximately


Question: The duration of splinting a tooth lost due to Avulsion with alveolar fracture is

1-2 weeks for avulsion only…4-8 weeks for avulsion with alveolar fractures
9cohen 10 ed pg 649.


Question: The heart of randomized control trial (RCT)


Question: Tinea Mannum affects

Tinea Mannum affects the hands. It is the ringworm of hands .Trichophyton rubrum is the most common cause Dermatophytosis: T.cruris - groin T.faciei - face T.barbae- beard T.capitis- scalp T.pedis - soles and web spaces T.mamuum- palms and web spaces T.unguium- finger and toenails T.corporis - glabrous skin except for the above sites T.incognito- modified tinea due to steroid abuse Ref: Harrison 20th edition pg 1245


Question: Eruption of Maxillary 2nd molar occur at


Question: Most common skin cancer in Immunosuppressed  individuals is

Squamous cell cancer (SCC) is the most common skin cancer in immunosuppressed individuals.
And Basal cell cancer (BCC) is the most common skin cancer in general population.


Question: A prepared cavity is best protected from moisture by


Question: Desmosomes are helpful in connecting

They are the major adhesion complexes in the epidermis. Desmosomes bridge adjacent keratinocytes and allow cells to withstand trauma. Keratinocytes are created in the lower layers of the epidermis and operate with a phospholipid cell membrane, which can be quite permeable. When the keratinocytes are pushed to the stratum corneum, they are transformed into corneocytes with a more durable cell envelope. Ref: Harrison 20th edition pg 1256


Question: According to Frankel's behavioral scale, rating 3 stands for

Rating 3: Positive. Acceptance of treatment; cautious behavior at times; willingness to comply with the dentist, at times with reservation, but patient follows the dentist's directions cooperatively.


Question: The rate of oxygen consumption of odontoblasts is


Question:
Disturbance during the morphodifferentiation
stage of tooth development will result in

Disturbances in morphodifferentiation results in supernumerary roots or cusps, twinning, suppression of parts like cusp or root. Hutchinson's incisor is due to disturbance in morphodifferentiation.

Change in form and shape of the teeth/ Peg teeth


Question: The inner surface of ceramic veneer is etched with


Question: Water irrigating devices are most useful in


Question: Hypopigmented patches are seen in

Nevus anemicus presents as a single or multiple patches of hypopigmentation with ill-defined margins merging into normal skin present at bih or thereafter. Nevus anemicus presents as congenital hypopigmented patches with a well-defined border. They are asymptomatic and typically seen on the upper trunk, although they have also repoed on the face and extremities. The distribution of hair, formation of sweat, and skin sensation are unaffected by nevus anemicus (Ref: harrison.20th edition pg 1267


Question: Strength of zinc phosphate is affected by

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
The fully set zinc phosphate cement has a relatively high compressive strength ranging from 104 to 119 MPa. The set cement gains approximately 70% of its maximum strength in the first 30 minutes. The strength continues to rise with time and maximum strength is attained at the end of 24 hours.
The strength of zinc phosphate cement is sufficient when used as a base or luting agent. However, when it is exposed to the oral environment, e.g. temporary restorations, its brittleness and low strength causes it to fracture and disintegrate. Also, the prolonged contact with the oral fluids or water gradually reduces its strength. This may be due to the slow dissolution of the cement.
TENSILE STRENGTH
The set cement is weaker in tension (5.5 MPa), thus making it brittle.
Key concept:
Factors affecting strength:

Powder-liquid ratio: More the powder, greater the strength.
Water content of the liquid: Both loss or gain, reduces the strength.

Ref: Phillips Ed 12th P: 318


Question: Choose the most effective mechanical device for cleaning interdental surface of teeth


Question: Ceramics fired to metals are processed by


Question: Time dependent deformation produced in a completely set solid subjected to a constant stress is termed as


Question: A person with recurrent oral ulcers with yellow base , erythematous surrounding & nodules in extensor aspect of legs. Diagnosis is

Behcet's syndrome is rare immune-mediated systemic vasculitis that presents with mucous membrane ulceration and ocular involvement. Triple- symptom complex of recurrent oral aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers and uveitis. It can also involve visceral organs such as GI tract, pulmonary, musculoskeletal and neurological systems. Painful oral mucocutaneous ulcerations in the form of aphthous ulcers or non-scarring oral lesions. Painful genital ulcerations usually develop around the anus, vulva or scrotum. Patients may present with Erythema nodosum Cutaneous pustular vasculitis and lesions similar to pyoderma gangrenosum.

Nutrition and Metabolic disorders,Systemic conditions ,Genodermatoses, Connective tissue disorders,Photodermatoses


Question: Retention appliance should be


Question:
Equitable	distribution,	community	participation,
intersectional coordination and appropriate technology are the principles of


Question: Nodular scabies is seen in

Most common site for nodular scabies is- scrotum most coomon age- childern iadvl textbook of dermatology page 459


Question: Rapid removal of rubber impressions with a single firm motion results in

Improved adhesion of the impression to the tray


Question: Temporary water hardness is removed by


Question:
In designing the occlusal rest seat, the floor of the rest
seat should be inclined towards the


Question:
In	construction of immediate denture, anterior teeth
that are extracted


Question: Supra gingival plaque causes


Question: Dyskeratosis is a feature of

Faulty and premature keratinization of individual keratinocytes is called dyskeratosis. Dyskeratotic cells are usually intensely eosinophilic and may contain a small, dense, basophilic nuclear remnant. Dyskeratotic cells may also be densely basophilic as seen in Darier's disease.


Question: In serial extraction procedure if maxillary 1st premolar is extracted then maxillary canine erupts in direction


Question: Mikulicz cells and Russell bodies are seen in

Rhinoscleroma # Chronic granulomatous infection of nose and upper respiratory tract # Affects adults, mainly in tropical locations # Transmitted by inhalation of Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis # a/w cellular immune defects: inability of macrophages to kill phagocytosed bacteria - Mikulicz cells (large, vacuolated histiocytes containing bacteria) # Three clinical phases: * Catarrhal phase (rhinitis, obstruction from soft tissue edema) * Granulomatous/infiltrative phase (granulomatous nodules in nose/U, epistaxis, dysphonia, anesthesia of soft palate, and Hebra nose) * Sclerotic phase (extensive scarring requires tracheotomy and nasal reconstruction) Histology:- Dense pan-dermal infiltrate of Mikulicz cells containing bacteria (seen w/ Wahin-Starry, Giemsa) and Russell bodies Treatment:- Tetracycline(treatment of choice) for 6 months along with surgical correction of airway; ciprofloxacin is second line. Above picture shows RUSSELL Bodies Ref:- Review of Dermatology by Alikhan; pg num:-299


Question: Shingles are caused by

Herpes zoster or shingles is a viral infection due to the reactivation of varicella zoster virus from its latent state in dorsal root ganglion. Caused by varicella zoster virus(Human Herpes Virus 3). The skin eruption is preceeded by pain or paresthesia in the dermatome 3- days before its appearance(pre hepatic neuralgia). This is followed by unilateral,grouped, monomorphous vesicles within the distribution of one to three dermatomes. The eruption is usually accompanied by dull, burning pain. Usually, thorasic, ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve, cervical, and other spinal nerves are frequently involved. Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1278


Question: Erysipelas is caused by

Erysipelas It is a streptococcal infection of the skin involving the upper subcutaneous tissue and lymphatic vessels. Rarely, Staph. aureus may be the causative agent. causative organism Group A beta haemolytic streptococci The organisms enter through a wound, injury or even subclinically traumatized skin. Edema of tissues is mostly of lymphatic origin, and in recurrent cases there may be a defect in lymphatic drainage. Systemic predisposing factors are malnutrition, general ill health and alcoholism. The lesion begins as a small area of redness which generally goes unnoticed. In a day it enlarges and is associated with abrupt high fever. The skin feels tense, erythematous and slightly elevated. It becomes brawny, edematous, indurated (peau d'orange or orange peel appearance) and spreads peripherally The sites commonly affected are the abdominal wall in infants, and the face or a limb in children. The facial variety involves the bridge of the nose and one or both cheeks Iadvl textbook of dermatology page 232


Question: Fish tank granuloma is caused by

ATYPICAL MYCOBACTERIA * Also known as nontuberculous mycobacteria (mycobacteria other than those causing TB and leprosy) * Found naturally in the environment (water and soil) * Transferred dust, skin injuries, droplets, and occasionally cause oppounistic infections * Ziehl-Neelsen stain; Lowenstein-Jensen culture medium M. marinum (Fish Tank Granuloma):- * Infection follows traumatic inoculation during exposure to an aquatic environment where M. marinum resides as a normal saprophyte (lakes, fish tanks, etc.) * Presents as a slow-growing blue-red papule at the site of inoculation, +- ascending lymphatic sporotrichoid spread; immunosuppressed patients with disseminated lesions Diagnosis:- Tissue culture (grows in 2-4 weeks at 32degC, not 37degC), biopsy suggestive (not pathognomonic) Treatment:- Minocycline, doxycycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or clarithromycin for at least 1-2 months after resolution. Ref:- Sima Jain; pg num:-223


Question: Merkel cells are present in

Merkel cells Touch receptors Type 1 slow adapting Present in stratum basale in epidermis


Question: Eruption of Mandibular Canine occur at


Question: The recommended rubber dam to provide effective retraction of gingival tissue is


Question: Flouride poisoning occurs in


Question: Topical steroids are used in treatment of


Question: Histoid leprosy is

Histoid leprosy is dapsone resistant lepromatous leprosy characterized by shiny papules on skin,which on histapathological examination shows spindle shaped cells.

Relapse of leprosy cases even after treatment


Question: Satellite lesions are seen in

Erythematous, well-defined, dry plaque with well-defined outer border and loss of appendages. Satellite lesions can be observed surrounding the large plaque. BT leprosy in Type 1 reaction presenting with ulnar nerve abscess and subsequent deformity in the form of ulnar clawing Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1234


Question: Rarest variety of Pemphigus

Pemphigus vegetans is a localized form of pemphigus vulgaris. in which there is a localized vegetating papillomatous response. The eroded areas do not heal like usual but form papillomatous growth and vegetation. Accounts for 1-2% of pemphigus cases and is a relatively benign variant of pemphigus vulgaris. Ref Harrison20th edition pg 2435


Question: Multiple sebaceous tumors are observed in wof

Muir-Torre Syndrome * AD, mutation in MLH1 and MSH2 (DNA mismatch repair genes) causing microsatellite instability * Multiple sebaceous neoplasms and keratoacanthomas * | Risk of colon adenocarcinoma, less common GU, lung, breast or heme malignancy. Ref:- Sima Jain; pg num:- 65


Question: This is seen commonly in

Surface of the papules in lichen planus often reveals a network of grey lines (Wickham's striae). Typically seen in oral mucosa Oral lichen planus (LIE-kun PLAY-nus) is an ongoing (chronic) inflammatory condition that affects mucous membranes inside your mouth. Oral lichen planus may appear as white, lacy patches; red, swollen tissues; or open sores. These lesions may cause burning, pain or other discomfo. Ref: Harrison 19e pg: 349


Question:
While halo or line around enamel margin in composite
restoration is not due to


Question:
Radiographs are of great value in diagnosing periodontal
disease because they reveal


Question: According to FDI tooth numbering system the number 45 refers to


Question: The amount of undercut required for a wrought wire clasp is


Question: Prognosis is poor for furcation involvement of


Question: Maximum flow of Type1 inlay wax at 45degree


Question: Least soluble cement


Question: 1st evidence of calcification of Primary Mandibular 1st molar is seen in


Question: Shingles is caused by

Shingles, also known as zoster or herpes zoster, is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a localized area.Typically the rash occurs in a single, wide stripe either on the left or right side of the body or face. Two to four days before the rash occurs there may be tingling or local pain in the area.Otherwise there are typically few symptoms though some may have fever or headache, or feel tired. The rash usually heals within two to four weeks; however, some people develop ongoing nerve pain which can last for months or years, a condition called postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). In those with poor immune function the rash may occur widely] If the rash involves the eye, vision loss may occur. Shingles is due to a reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV) in a person's body.The disease chickenpox is caused by the initial infection with VZV.Once chickenpox has resolved, the virus may remain inactive in nerve cells.When it reactivates, it travels from the nerve body to the endings in the skin, producing blisters.Risk factors for reactivation include old age, poor immune function, and having had chickenpox before 18 months of age.How the virus remains in the body or subsequently re-activates is not well understood. Exposure to the virus in the blisters can cause chickenpox in someone who has not had it, but will not trigger shingles.Diagnosis is typically based on a person's signs and symptoms. Varicella zoster virus is not the same as herpes simplex virus; however, they belong to the same family of viruses. The shingles vaccine reduces the risk of shingles by 50% to 90%, depending on the vaccine used. It also decreases rates of postherpetic neuralgia, and if shingles occurs, its severity.If shingles develops, antiviral medications such as aciclovir can reduce the severity and duration of disease if staed within 72 hours of the appearance of the rash.Evidence does not show a significant effect of antivirals or steroids on rates of postherpetic neuralgia.Paracetamol, NSAIDs, or opioids may be used to help with the acute pain. Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1339


Question: Distance between undersurface of hygienic pontic and gingiva is


Question: Functional matrix theory is hypothesized by


Question: AH plus & AH 26 are


Question: Micro Munro abscess is seen in

Munro micro abscesses are seen in psoriasis it is the collection of neutrophils in stratum corneum. IADVLtextbook of dermatology page 1041


Question: Hybrid layer was given by


Question: Shade determination of composite resin restoration on a tooth should be done;


Question: The rubber dam is approximately placed in


Question:
Pulpless primary incisor (abscess caused by trauma) in 4
year old patient can be effectively treated by


Question: Skin scraping & KOH mounting is done for

Skin scrapping and KOH mount is done for fungal infection. Fungus is easily detected using low power objective lens with Iris diaphragm closed and condensor positioned down.


Question: The distance between implant and adjustment tooth should be at least


Question: The gingiva in a patient of HIV is similar to the gingiva in


Question: Menkes&;s kinky hair disease occurs due to

Menkes Disease * XLR, ATP7A mutation, encodes ATP-dependent copper transpoer * | Serum copper levels, pili toi (most common), trichorrhexis nodosa, sho brittle 'steel wool' hair, sparse eyelashes/eyebrows, cupid's bow upper lip, progressive CNS deterioration, seizures, touous aeries. Ref:- Sima Jain; pg num:- 79


Question: Crown completion of Mandibular 1st molar occur


Question: The commonest type of Pemphigus is

Pemphigus vulgaris is the most common form of pemphigus and occurs when antibodies attack Desmoglein 3. Usually begins with painful blisters in your mouth and then on the skin or genital mucous membranes. Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1334


Question:
A reliable guide for positioning maxillary anterior teeth
is complete dentures is


Question: In faciolingual view shape of canine is


Question: Most of the values in data spread along the


Question: Localized diffuse gingivitis extends from

the interdental papillae to attached gingiva in a limited area

the margin to attached gingiva in a limited area

the interdental papillae to mucobuccal fold in a limited area

the margin to the mucobuccal fold in a limited area


Question: Dr. Taggart is associated with


Question: DOC for Iepra II reaction is

Type 1 reaction Type 2 reaction Pathology T cell mediated type 4 hypersensitivity reaction Immune complex mediated type 3 hypersensitivity reaction Clinical features Erythema Edema of preexisting lesions, neuritis Evanescent erythematosus nodules with ahritis, myalgia fever, constitutionalists symptoms Systemic involvement - Characterised by neuritis, orchitis, hepatitis, nephritis, ahritis, iritis, Drug of choice Mild reaction rest and analgesics moderate to severe reaction: coicosteroids are the drug of choice Mild reaction: rest , chloroquine moderate to severe reaction drug of choice thalidomide


Question: Civatte bodies are found in

civatte bodies are multiple apoptotic basal cells at dermoepidermal junction. seen in lichen planus iadvl Textbook of dermatology page 1077


Question: A child has an extreme open bite only the most posterior teeth contact in the opposite arch. The best procedure for dentist would be to

Refer the child to an orthodontist for treatment

Remove the posterior teeth in each quadrant

Make an overlay denture to create occlusion

Place bands on the teeth and place elastics to close the bite


Question: Indium in metal are further added to


Question: Stratification specific keratins present in gingival epithelium are


Question: Infrabony pocket results from


Question:
Tooth movement easily accompanied by use of removable
orthodontic appliance is


Question:
The type of study used in the 10 year Fluoride tablets
study can be also be described as a (an)


Question: Omenn syndrome is

Omenn syndrome is an autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) characterized by erythroderma (skin redness), desquamation (peeling skin), alopecia (hair loss), chronic diarrhea, failure to thrive, lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes ), eosinophilia, hepatosplenomegaly , and elevated serum Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1278


Question: The 'V' principle of growth is best illustrated by the


Question: The highest percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids are present in


Question: The lever action that occurs in distal extension partial dentures is


Question: The patch test is read after

The patch test is read after 48 to 72 hrs and then again after a week. It is read at 20 mins to see any immediate reaction Ref: Harrison 20th edition pg 1256


Question: The treatment of choice in nodulocystic acne is

*A nodulocystic acne is a severe form of acne affecting the face, chest and back. Nodulocystic acne is a severe form of acne affecting the face, chest and back. It is characterised by multiple inflamed and uninflamed nodules and frequently, scars. It is more common in males. The name implies there are nodules (firm lumps) and cysts (fluid-filled cavities lined by epithelium) It is more common in males. *The recommended treatment for nodulocystic acne is isotretinoin, which should be commenced early to prevent scarring.The recommended treatment for nodulocystic acne are retinoids which are vitamin A derivatives. The treatment is required for at least five months, and fuher courses are sometimes necessary. Most impoant side effect-- teratogenicity Most common side effect is skin rash. Ref Harrison 20thedition pg 1256

Skin lesions and disorders of pigmentation


Question: In growth of bone from the margins of the defect with gradual resorption of the graft is an example for


Question: Resorption of dental tissue is caused by


Question: Most common form of psoriatic arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis is associated with HLAB27 and asymmetric oilgoarthritis is the most common form.


Question: Composition of Sodium hypochlorite in this product is

Constituents of Carisolv

Syringe one: sodium hypochlorite  (0.5%).
Syringe two: three amino acids (glutamic acid, leucine, lysine).
Gel substance: carboxymethylcellulose.
Sodium chloride / sodium hydroxide.
Saline solution coloring indicator (red).
Available as single mix or multi mix syringes.
New gel formulation.


Question: Serial extraction was introduced by


Question: Gorlin's syndrome is

Gorlin's syndrome is nevoid basal cell carcinoma, inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Gorlin syndrome, also known as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, is a condition that affects many areas of the body and increases the risk of developing various cancerous and noncancerous tumors. It is characterized by multiple BCC occurring all over the body predominately over the exposed areas. Highly characteristic Facies-large forehead, bifid ribs, pits of palms and soles, dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, calcification of falxcerebri . However, people with Gorlin syndrome are very sensitive to radiation and radiotherapy can make skin cancers more likely to develop in the treatment area. Treatment for basal cell skin cancers includes imiquimod cream, photodynamic therapy, retinoids - chemicals similar to vitamin A. Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1234


Question: The use of pit and fissure sealant is contraindicated in


Question: Crown completion of Mandibular central incisors occur


Question: Instruments used for removal of lingual shoulder and enlarge orifices of a root canal are


Question: The inorganic component of subgingival plaque is derived from


Question: Percussion,palpation,and thermal testing

are not to be  performed on patients with pacemakers.

should involve testing  of contralateral  teeth for comparison.

are  best compared when using ipsilateral teeth.


Question: Intrusion is best produced by


Question: Cavity with normal depth is closest to pulp in


Question: Pioneer nerve fibers enter into dental papilla in


Question: For dental amalgam, the elastic modulus and tensile strength is


Question: A high school child trained to teach dentistry to elementary children in school


Question: In adenoid facies, the facial profile is


Question: The normal pH of the saliva is about


Question: Crown completion of Mandibular 1st premolar occur


Question: The most accepted cause for late incisor crowding is


Question: The ultrasonic scaler dislodges only calculus that

is located on the interproximal surfaces


Question: Wof does not cause Tinea capitis


Question: Distance between maxillary major connector and tooth tissue junction is


Question: Erythema multiforme Is most often related to

Erythema multiforme is associated with infections like herpes simplex virus mostly. And less commonly Mycoplasma pneumonia. From illustrated synopsis of dermatology and sexually transmitted diseases neena khanna 5th edition page no 186


Question: Titanium casting is done with


Question: Facial occlusal line in the maxillary arch is formed by


Question: Etiologic pile was described by


Question: Cellular cementum is