Question: The average leeway space available in each half of mandible is


Question: Preventive resin restoration is used

Used in cavitated pit and fissure sealants which require restoration

Used in non cavitated pit and fissure sealants


Question:
In the etiology of dental caries, one of the following is
not an environmental factor


Question: The mandible grows longer by apposition of new bone on the posterior surface of


Question: Wof is not a dermatological manifestation of Dermatomyositis

Dermatomyositis (DM) * Chronic inflammatory dermatomyopathy presumed to be from immunemediated process with bimodal peak; may only involve skin (amyopathic DM or DM sine myositis) or only muscle (polymyositis); skin findings typically occur 2-3 months before muscle weakness * Presents with facial erythema, violaceous poikiloderma of eyelids with edema (heliotrope sign), violaceous papules over MP joints (Gottron's papules), reddish scaling over knuckles, knees and elbows (Gottron's sign), ragged cuticles (Samitz sign), nailfold telangiectasias, photodistributed poikiloderma (violaceous), +- hyperkeratosis and fissuring of hands (mechanic's hands), +- calcinosis (seen more in juvenile DM), +- fever, malaise; proximal symmetric muscle weakness (inability to comb hair, inability to rise from seated position or climb stairs) * Sclerodermoid changes associated with anti-Ku * Antisynthetase syndrome (pulmonary disease, ahritis, Raynaud's, myositis) seen with anti-tRNA synthetase antibodies (anti-Jo-1, anti-PL7, anti-PL12) * Cardiac involvement + poor prognosis with anti-SRP Associations:- Lung and GI cancer most common in men; ovarian and breast cancer in women Histology:- Epidermal atrophy, vacuolar change, mucin deposition, lympho cytic infiltration (similar to LE), dermal sclerosis in older lesions; muscle biopsy (deltoid frequently) or MRI Labs:- ANA (60%); muscle enzymes: | creatine kinase (CK, 90%) and aldolase; | ESR, | transaminases, | LDH Treatment:- Oral coicosteroid (followed by taper) + steroid-sparing agent, antimalarial, sun protection. Ref:- Sima Jain; pg num:-139


Question: The relative hardness of elastomers is determined using


Question: In facial porcelain margin, the risk of fracture can be reduced by

Margins of the tooth reduction at incisal edge

Providing contact during centric relationship


Question: The cross linking agent of polysulphide rubber base impression material is


Question: Characteristic lesion in scabies is

Burrows are pathognomic of scabies. It is a serpentine thread like greyish dark line-tunnel in the stratum corneum that host a a parasite. most commonly seen over genitalia of males and areola of females iadvl textbook of dermatology page 459


Question: Inclined plane is used in the treatment of


Question: Eruption of Mandibular Lateral incisor occur at


Question: Wood lamp wavelength is

Woods filter is opaque to all wavelengths it can pass only light between 320-400nm iadvl textbook of dermatology page 109


Question: 10% KNO3 is used to


Question: Crown completion of deciduous Maxillary lateral incisors occur


Question: Rarest variety of pemphigus is


Question: Ultrasonic scaler can be used in


Question: The laser used on a crown for debonding orthodontic bracket is known as


Question: The oral drive theory to explain thumb sucking habit was given by


Question: For greatest retention of the porcelain veneer, the coping design should be


Question: Number of odontoblast cells present in the pulp/mm2 is

More odontoblasts are present in the coronal than radicular pulp

No odontoblast cell is present in the pulp


Question: Among the following, the structure that is most calcified is


Question:
The best alternative storage medium for avulsed teeth in
case culture media are not available is


Question: 1st evidence of calcification of Mandibular deciduous Lateral incisor occurs


Question: Fibrotomy to prevent Rotational relapse was advocated first by


Question: Cutting edges of the orthodontic instruments are made up of

Because of their high yield strength and hardness, martensitic stainless steels are used for surgical and cutting instruments.
The austenitic stainless steels are the most corrosion-resistant of the three major types and are the stainless steels used for orthodontic wires, endodontic instruments, and crowns in pediatric dentistry.
Ferritic Stainless Steels: These alloys provide good corrosion resistance at a low cost, when high strength is not required. They cannot be hardened by heat treatment or readily work-hardened. Consequently, they have little application in dentistry.
Ref: Phillip’s 12th edition page 406


Question: Chromium added to steel does not

Chromium forms a very thin, transparent, adherent layer of Cr2O3 through a process called passivation, which provides a barrier to diffusion of oxygen and other corrosive species and it prevents further corrosion of the underlying alloy.
Ref: Phillip’s 12th edition page 127.


Question: Treatment for pulp less young tooth is


Question: Sprue pin is attached to posterior teeth in


Question: Pterygium of the nail is seen in

Pterygium of the nail is classically seen in lichen planus: Pterygium unguis (also known as "Dorsal pterygium") forms as a result of scarring between the proximal nailfold and matrix, with the classic example being lichen planus, though it has been repoed to occur as a result of sarcoidosis and Hansen's disease Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1234


Question: Drug of choice for Norwegian scabies

Drug of choice for Norwegian scabies - Oral ivermectin 200ug/kg/dose, two doses 10 days apa. topicals are not effective in the treatment as the crusted plaques will hinder the absorption of topical drugs. iadvl textbook of dermatology page 459


Question: TOS for penicillin resistant gonorrhoea

Complicated gonococcal infections ate treated with ceftriaxone1 g IM OD x 7 days. Or cefixime 400 mg BD X 7days. From illustrated synopsis of dermatology and sexually transmitted diseases neena khanna 5th edition page no 338


Question: In facial view shape of incisors is


Question: The audit maxillary sinus measures about


Question: Grenz zone is more prominent in

Grenz zone is seen in histopathological examination.It is the zone of uninvolved part of dermis (zone between foam cells in dermis and epidermis).Grenz zone is most prominent in poor immune condition like Lepromatous leprosy.


Question: Census is conducted every


Question:
Following periodontal surgery the epithelial attachment
healing is completed in


Question: The periodontal ligament is approximately


Question: A radiolucent root canal suddenly disappears at the mid root portion, the most probable diagnosis is


Question: Trichomycosis axillaris is caused by

Trichomycosis axillaris is a misnomer, it's not a fungal infection. It is a corynebacterium infection of hair shaft.


Question: TRPV1 antagonist (eugenol) acts by


Question: Systemic water fluoridation reduces caries


Question: The superelastic property of the NiTi wire is due to

Stress induced phase transition from the austenitic to the martensitic phase

Temperature induced phase transition from the martensitic to the austenitic phase

Stress induced phase transition from the martensitic to the austenitic phase

Temperature induced phase transition from the austenitic to the martensitic phase


Question: In a class I RPD, resistance to the torquing forces is best provided by the


Question: Retention in a composite restoration is mainly attained by


Question: The colour of k file no 45 is


Question: Tripoding of cast is used for

Some method of recording the relation of the cast to the vertical arm of the surveyor must be used so that it may be returned to the surveyor for future reference, especially during mouth preparation. The same applies to the need for returning any working cast to the surveyor for shaping wax patterns, trimming blockout on the master cast, or locating clasp arms in relation to undercut areas. This is done by tripoding.


Question: Accessory canals result from

Accessory canals may occur either due to loss of root sheath cells or due to inclusion of blood vessels during root development.


Question: Shoulder with bevel margin is indicated for

Facial margin of posterior metal ceramic crowns with supra gingival margins

Facial margin of posterior metal ceramic crowns with deep sub gingival margins

Cast metal restorations on the posterior teeth

Facial margin of a maxillary partial veneer crown


Question: Term parafunctional was first suggested by

Bruxism synonym:
Neuralgial traumatic (Karolyl)
Karolyi effect (Weskit)
Occlusal habit neurosis (Tischer)
Parafunctional occlusal habit (Drum)
According to Ramjford and Ash, BRUXISM is triggered by: Emotional tensions, Occlusal maladjustment, Pain / discomfort.


Question: The major constituent in composite is


Question: Grand rapids & Muskegon study is based on


Question: Acanthosis involves

Acanthosis is used to describe increase in the number of cells in the Malphigian or prickle cell layer of the epidermis Acanthosis is diffuse epidermal hyperplasia (thickening of the skin). It implies increased thickness of the Malpighian layer (stratum basale and stratum spinosum). Acanthosis nigricans is often associated with type 2 diabetes, and is usually observed in the back of neck, axilla, and other folded regions of the skin. Ref: Harrison 20th edition pg 1246


Question: Cartilage differs from  bone in that, the cartilage can increase in size by

The interstitial growth or expansion capability of cartilage, even under pressure leading to its avascularity, precluding ischemia, (cartilage nutrition is provided by perfusing tissue fluids that are not easily obstructed by load pressures), allows for directed prototype cartilage growth. The cartilage template is then replaced by endochondral bone, accounting for indirect bone growth.
Intramembranous bone growth, by contrast, is by direct apposition of osseous tissue in osteogenic (periosteal) membranes creating accretional growth, often with great speed, especially over rapidly growing areas, such as the frontal lobes of the brain, or at fracture sites.
Ref: Textbook of orthodontics 2nd ed Gurkeerat Singh page no 13


Question: Cells occurring in greatest number in pulp are


Question: The first number in the instrument formula indicates


Question: Global age for caries detection and survey is


Question: Central incisor tooth arrangement in tapering arch is

Rotation of incisors on their long axis inward at the distal aspect

Rotation of incisors on their long axis inward at the facial aspect

Rotation of incisors on their long axis inward at the mesial aspect

Central incisors almost in a straight line


Question: Concussion implies luxation injury

Without displacement and normal mobility

Without displacement and increased mobility


Question:
Bulk of lamina propria of the gingiva is made of
collagen type


Question: The concept of lingualised occlusion was put forward by


Question: Repetition of a study in a given group is


Question: A white soft sticky deposit on tooth surface


Question: In congenital dystrophic variety of epidermolysis bullosa, mutation is seen in the gene conding for

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa - collagen type VII Epidermolysis bullosa simplex -keratin 14 Junctional epidermolysis bullosa is an inherited disease affecting laminin and collagen . page no. 287. Reference IADVL's concise textbook of dermatology


Question: During treatment of a child aged 5 years, their parents must be

Excluding the parent from the operating room can contribute toward development of positive behavior on the part of the child. Over the years, Starkey has been one of the strongest advocates of separation of the child from the parent during treatment and has suggested that the policy of requiring the parent to remain in the reception.


Question: The mean setting time of MTA is

The maen setting time of MTA is 165+/- 5 mins . GMTA exhibits significantly higher initial and final setting times than WMTA.


Question: The primary principle of treating endodontic periapical lesions is

To eradicate irritants in the root canal system

To reduce the inflammation in the periapex

To maintain the health of the periodontium


Question: In Congenital dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, defect is in

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa is due to defect in collagen 7 due to the mutation in COL7A1. Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of rare genetic conditions that result in easy blistering of the skin and mucous membranes. Blisters occur with minor trauma or friction and are painful. Its severity can range from mild to fatal. Those with mild cases may not develop symptoms until they sta to crawl or walk. Target antigen and their localisation in skin for various dermatosis Disease Target antigen Pemphigus vulgaris Desmoglein 1 and 3 Pemphigus foliaceus Desmoglein 1 Bullous pemphigoid BPAg1 (230) and BPAg2(180) Pemphigoid gestations BPAg1 (230) and BPAg2(180) Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita Type 7 collagen Linear IgA dermatosis BP 180 Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1234


Question: Characteristic of chronic eczema is

In chronic eczematous conditions, lichenification (cutaneous hyperophy and accentuation of normal skin markings) may alter the characteristic appearance of eczema.Ref: Harrison&;s Principles of Internal Medicine; 19th edition; Chapter 71 Eczema, Psoriasis, Cutaneous Infections, Acne, and Other Common Skin Disorders; Page no: 344


Question: In index of treatment needs (IOTN), treatment grade 4 indicates


Question: Patch test is done to document

Patch test is done to determine delayed (type 4) hypersensitivity for the suspected contact allergen. IADVL textbook of dermatology,page 789


Question: Dummer's classification is associated with

Dummer’s classification of topography of apical constriction


Question: Pseudo pelade is

*Pseudopelade of Brocq is a cicatricial alopecia which is chronic slowly progressive and patchy occurs without any inflammation .The patches look like foot print in snow appearance. *Pseudopelade of Brocq is an unusual form of permanent hair loss from the scalp, the cause of which is unknown. This is a specific diagnosis reached after excluding known causes of patchy scarring alopecia (pseudopelade) such as lichen planopilaris and discoid lupus erythematosus. Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1221 (Ref: Page 2305 chapter 89.41Rook's)


Question: Incremental lines of Retzius appear

As lines in the enamel running at right angles to the enamel surface

As lines in the dentin running at right angles to the dentino-enamel junction

In enamel and follow the apposition pattern

In dentin and follow the appositional pattern


Question: Quartz in Dental porcelain is


Question: A typical gingivitis is

gingivitis seen in aggressive periodontitis


Question: Waste Sharps in a hospital are disposed in

Waste sharps (scalpels, needles, syringes, blades, glass) are included in BMW Category 4 (Schedule I). Category 4 wastes are disposed off in Blue/White translucent bag (Schedule II).


Question: The setting time of ZnPO4 cement can be retarded by

mixing powder to liquid, checked by water


Question: Term Colorado stain was given by


Question: Technique to evaluate the bone regeneration after periodontal surgery Is


Question: Hypopigmented lesions are seen in

In melasma brown / grey brown macular pigmentation with well defined scalloped margins. Pigmentation darkens on sun exposure.
Lichen planus produces hyper pigmented lesions.
Pityriasis Alba produces scaly hypo pigmented macules.


Question: Cavities beginning in the proximal surfaces of bicuspids and molars are


Question:
Sensorimotor	stage	of	cognitive	development	is
characterized by


Question: Electronic instrument used to measure gingival crevicular fluid is


Question: One of the following group of fibers in the lamina propria of the gingiva, help to bind the free gingiva to the tooth


Question: To avoid external transportation of the root canal


Question: Endo sealer containing polyketone is


Question: Lactic acid is produced in mouth by

Saccharolytic bacteria in supragingival region

Saccharolytic bacteria in subgingival region

Non-saccharolytic bacteria in supragingival region

Non-saccharolytic bacteria in subgingival region


Question: Eruption of Deciduous Mandibular 1st molar occur at


Question: Drug of choice for treatment of psoriasis involving <10% of BSA (body surface area) is

Topical steroids & topical calcipotriol can be used for treating psoriatic lesions involving <10% body surface area & calcipotriol is the drug of choice.


Question: Pain due to thermal change after trauma will occur during


Question: Crown lengthening may be required if the crown height from the crestal bone is less than


Question: Bilateral balanced occlusion is based on the concept given by


Question: According to Melcher concept, the regeneration of new attachment is from


Question: According to Hierarchy of Evidence for Scientific Literature, Randomized control trials are


Question: Dry ice is


Question: Schamberg's purpura are seen on

Schamberg purpura is the result of leakage of blood from small capillaries in the superficial papillary dermis. The resultant purpura is nonblanching but is not palpable. No pronounced damage occurs to the blood vessel walls, differentiating this condition from vasculitis Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1456


Question: 1st evidence of calcification of primary mandibular canine is seen in


Question: "Sycosis barbae" is caused by

It is the repeated infection of bearded region by Staphylococcus.aureus.


Question: Correlation between two variables are best depicted by


Question: On the articulator the incisal guidance is the

Mechanical equivalent of horizontal and vertical over lap


Question: Morbilliform eruptions is seen in

A morbilliform rash is a rose-red flat (macular) or slightly elevated (maculopapular) eruption, showing circular or elliptical lesions varying in diameter from 1 to 3 mm, with healthy-looking skin intervening seen in toxic shock syndrome Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1334


Question: Peaso reamer is


Question: "Guidance to eruption" is another term for


Question: Measure of dispersion in normal distribution from mean is known as


Question: According to frankel behavioral rating scale, a negative child is the one

Who shows reluctance to accept treatment with some evidence of negative attitude

Who accepts treatment but at times cautiously

Who refuses treatment and cries forcefully


Question:
The Kennedy classification that is more suitable for an
internal attachment is


Question:
Success of revascularization therapy is mainly dependent
on


Question: Munro microabscess is seen in

Munro's microabscess is seen in psoriasis it is the accumulation of neutrophils in stratum corneum The changes were seen in a fully developed plaque in psoriasis: Parakeratosis with focal ohokeratosis and Munro's microabscess, near absence of granular layer and spongiform pustules in the Malpighian layer and hyperplasia and elongation of rete ridges and supra-papillary thinning. Munro microabscesses are not seen in seborrheic dermatitis. It is named for William John Munro. spngiform pustule of kogoj is seen in stratum spinosum, in pustular psoriasis. pautrier's microabscess (collection of lymphocytes) is seen in Mycosis fungoides also known as cutaneous T Cell lymphoma. Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1207


Question: The principal resin constituent of polishable composite resin is


Question: Crown completion of Mandibular 2nd molar occur


Question: The most accepted theory of tooth eruption is


Question: The superior border of lingual bar should lie


Question: The size of wire used to reinforce porcelain bridges is


Question: Choking off phenomenon is associated with

When sodium fluoride is applied topically it reacts with hydroxyappetite crystals to form calcium fluoride. Once a thick layer of calcium fluoride is formed, it interferes with the further diffusion of fluoride.


Question: One of the following dental notations is known as universal notation


Question: Mouth lesions are seen in

A white lacework pattern on the buccal mucosa in most frequently observed in lichen planus in 30% of the patients ii Psoriasis - common site - elbow, knee, scalp, lower back fingernails iii Basal cell carcinoma - common site is face


Question: Type I enamel etching pattern

Involves the dissolution of prism peripheries


Question: The mesial marginal is a developmental groove present on


Question: The term "id" was coined by

In response to the unstructured ambiguity and conflicting uses of the term "the unconscious mind", Freud introduced the structured model of ego psychology (id, ego, super-ego) in the essay "Beyond the Pleasure Principle" (1920) and elaborated, refined, and made that model formal in the essay "The Ego and the Id According to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality, the id is the personality component made up of unconscious psychic energy that works to satisfy basic urges, needs, and desires. The id operates based on the pleasure principle, which demands immediate gratification of needs. Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1378


Question: Most asymmetrical premolar is


Question: Crown completion of Deciduous Mandibular Canine occur


Question: EDTA was introduced in endodontics by

Nygaard otsby introduced EDTA. Barnum introduced Rubber Dam. Hoshino advocated the use of triple antibiotic paste


Question: The minimum force required to retard and redirect the maxillary growth

Biomechanical Considerations
The maxilla can be advanced 2-4 mm forward over a period of 8-12 months. The amount of maxillary movement is influenced by a number of factors like:

Amount of force:  Successful maxillary protraction can be brought about by 300-500 gm of force per side in the primary or mixed dentition.
Direction of force: According to most authors, a 15- 20° downward pull to the occlusal plane is required to produce forward maxillary movement.
	In most cases of maxillary deficiency, maxilla is deficient in the vertical plane as well, therefore, a slight downward, direction of force is usually desirable. The line of force passes below the center of resistance of the maxilla producing a counter-clockwise moment on the maxilla and dentition. This results in a possible extrusion of maxillary posterior teeth leading to a downward and backward rotation of the mandible.
	However, in patients with increased anterior facial height, downward pull is contradicted.
Duration of force: A review of literature shows duration to vary between 3 and 16 months. On an average at least 8-12 months of wear is required to produce the desired effect.
Frequency of use: 12-14 hrs/day

Key Concept:
Successful maxillary protraction can be brought about by 300-500 gm of force per side in the primary or mixed dentition.
Reference: Textbook of orthodontics 2nd ed Gurkeerat Singh page no 502


Question:
The patient's ability to maintain an independent airway, and respond appropriately to physican stimulation and
verbal commands is seen in


Question:
Chronic periapical infection in primary molars is first
noted as


Question: Protein making up the bulk of keratohyaline granules in stratum granulosum of keratinized epithelium is


Question: The commonest type of porosity that results in a fluid resin technique is


Question: Following fracture of the root, the reaction to test of pulp vitality may be negative for as long as ………..weeks


Question: The purest form of metal used in Dental casting

Commercially pure titanium (CPTi), which is important for implants and restorative dentistry, consists of high-purity (99 wt% or higher) titanium, with oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen atoms dissolved interstitially.
Phillip’s 12th edition page 80


Question: The occurrence of keratinization on the human gingiva is

Dependent upon the functional stimulation the attached gingival receives

A reflection of inflammation in the underlying gingival connective tissue

A variable factor directly related to age


Question: Cell rich zone is rich in


Question: The process of applying a resin to the fissures of a newly erupted tooth was introduced by


Question: Pulp capillary pressure


Question:
The most favourable prognosis of the type of root
fracture is seen in


Question: Terminal third of retentive arm is placed in

Junction of gingival third and middle third


Question: Instrument No. 40 represents


Question: 'Lost Salt Technique' is used to fabricate


Question: The particle size in microfilled composites is


Question:
A 9 yr old child came to the dental clinic with spacing in
anterior teeth. The line of treatment is


Question: Incidence of Gingivitis in pregnency is


Question: Anesthetic testing is most effective in  localizing pain

Selective Anesthesia
When  symptoms  are  not  localized  or  referred,  the  diagnosis may be challenging. Sometimes the patient may not even be able to specify whether the symptoms are emanating from the maxillary or mandibular arch. In these instances, when pulp testing is inconclusive, selective anesthesia may be helpful.If  the  patient  cannot  determine  which  arch  the  pain  is coming from, then the clinician should first selectively anesthetize  the  maxillary  arch.  This  should  be  accomplished  by using a periodontal ligament (intraligamentary) injection. The injection  is  administered  to  the  most  posterior  tooth  in  the quadrant  of  the  arch  that  may  be  suspected,  starting  from  the distal sulcus. The anesthesia is subsequently administered in an anterior direction, one tooth at a time, until the pain is eliminated. If the pain is not eliminated after an appropriate period of time, then the clinician should similarly repeat this technique on the mandibular teeth below. It should be under-stood that periodontal ligament injections may anesthetize an adjacent tooth and thus are more useful for identifying the arch rather than the specific tooth.
Cohen's Pathway of the Pulp ed:11th Pg20


Question: Chin cap is used in

Chin cap was introduced by Oppenheim. It delivers a force of 800 - 1200 (400 - 600 gms/side). The patient is asked to wear the appliance for 12-14 hours/ day.


Question: Increasing the etching concentration


Question: The cavosurface margin for direct filling gold are prepared with


Question: Bivalent HPV vaccine offers protection against HPV types

Bivalent HPV vaccine (cervarix)- HPV 16, 18 Quadrivalent(gardasil) - HPV 6,11,16,18 HPV 16, 18 - can cause Ca cervix Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1234


Question: Parietal abscess is also known as


Question: The first evidence of cartilage getting converted to bone in craniofacial skeleton occur during


Question: RGD motifs are


Question: Earnest Klein has classified habits into


Question: A child was brought to OPD with red follicular hyperkeratotic papules over knee.These are areas of normal skin in between.The child also has thickening of palms & soles.The most likely diagnosis is

Red follicular hyperkeratotic lesions with "islands of sparing" and keratoderma(thickened palms & soles) points out to the diagnosis of Pityriasis rubra pilaris.


Question: Skin doubling time is

Skin doubling time is 3_4 weeks Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1208


Question: Abnormal muscle activity results in


Question: 1st evidence of calcification of Maxillary Lateral incisor occurs


Question: Along with polymerisation shrinkage, one of the major disadvantages of polymethyl methacrylate as denture base resin are its poor


Question: The mean denture bearing area in the edentulous  mandible is approximately


Question: Wof gland is impacted in Fox Fordyce disease

Fox-Fordyce Disease * Chronic pruritic disorder of the apocrine glands due to obstruction and dilation * Intensely pruritic, dome-shaped flesh-colored follicular papules in axillae, +- anogenital and periareolar skin Treatment:- Topical and intralesional coicosteroids, topical tretinoin, cleocin lotion. Ref:- Sima Jain; pg num:-99


Question: Most abundant aminoacid in collagen is

COLLAGEN Collagens are triple helices formed by amino acid chains where every third residue is glycine (Gly-X-Y), with a high likelihood of proline and hydroxyproline/ hydroxylysine in the X and Y positions, respectively. Ref:- Review of Dermatology by Alikhan; pg num:-7


Question: The term given to the phenomenon of moisture absorption by an alginate impression is


Question: Chlorhexidine on tooth causes


Question:
Articulators are classified into arbitrary positional and
functional by


Question: Eruption of Maxillary 1st molar occur at


Question: The best age of starting fluoride supplementation

Dietary Fluoride Supplementation Schedule


Question:
Chlorhexidine used for hand disinfection uses
concentration


Question: A wetting agent enhances


Question: In Orthodontic treatment, placing the tooth into its normal position results in


Question: Weil's zone of pulp is


Question: Retentive grooves in the proximal box of a class II amalgam cavity should be

Sharp and elongated at the dentinoenamel junction


Question: Elastomers are

According to Chemistry
Chemically, there are four kinds of elastomers:

Polysulfide
Condensation polymerizing silicones
Addition polymerizing silicones
Polyether


Question: In first 8 weeks of syphilis the most specific test is

The fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test is a blood test that checks for the presence of antibodies to Treponema pallidum bacteria(during first 8weeks of infection). These bacteria cause syphilis. Syphilis s a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that's spread through direct contact with syphilitic sores. Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1234


Question: In regenerative endodontic therapy of young permanent teeth, metronidazole is replaced by


Question: Failure of casting to seat on the cast is overcomed by

Discard if the discrepancy is more than 0.3mm


Question: Predominant bacteria found in two days old plaque


Question: "Lakes of pus or sheets of pus" is seen in

Von zumbush type is the generalized form of pustular psoriasis which shows "Lakes of pus or sheets of pus"


Question: Commonly isolated organism from oral cavity is


Question: The type of laser used in pulpotomy procedure is


Question: The best sampling procedure that can be followed is


Question: Upper 2nd premolar’s occlusal view


Question: The mucogingival junction can be demonstrated by

Lugols iodine (or) schillers solution is used to stain keratinized gingival.


Question: The 'Key hole' pattern appearance in the cross section is feature of


Question: Live viral vaccine is


Question: The common first approach to test causal hypothesis is


Question: pH and duration of Action of EDTA is


Question: Atopic dermatitis can be best diagnosed by

Atopic dermatitis best diagnosed by Clinical evaluation. The diagnosis of atopic dermatitis is rarely aided by investigations. Estimation of total serum IgE, specific radio- allergosorbent tests (RASTs) and prick tests usually serve only to confirm the atopic nature of the individual. Patch testing may also help to identify a contact allergen responsible for deterioration of the skin condition, paicularly in adults.


Question: Type A' growth pattern is

Middle third of face grows faster than lower third

Lower third of face grows faster than middle third


Question: The concavity at the root of the nose is used as a third point of reference with


Question: The W.H.O. periodontal probe (CPITN probe) has a black color coded rings


Question: Ideal pulpal depth for amalgam restoration in a primary molar is


Question: The tissue stops should engage buccal and lingual slopes of residual ridge for


Question: Most common metal causing contact dermatitis

Nickel allergy is one of the most common causes of contact allergic dermatitis. The most common sites for nickel dermatitis are the earlobes (from earrings), the wrists (from a watch strap) and the lower abdomen (from a jeans stud); the affected areas become intensely itchy and may become red and blistered (acute dermatitis) or dry, thickened and pigmented (chronic dermatitis). Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1234


Question: The first book on child dentistry was published by


Question: The minimum amount of fluoride required in common salt for caries reduction is


Question: Michaelis Gutmann bodies are seen in

Michaelis guttman bodies (malacoplakia) # Chronic granulomatous infection as a result of the inability of macrophages to kill phagocytosed E. coli. # Most commonly affects immunosuppressed(BMT> HIV/AIDS) # Most commonly affects GU tract; may affect skin of perianal/genital region (ulcerated abscesses and soft polypoid lesions) Histology:- Dense granulomatous infiltrate comprised of von Hansemann cells (large macrophages w/ eosinophilic cytoplasm) containing Michaelis Gutmann bodies (round, laminated, calcified basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions; comprised of incompletely killed bacteria within calcified phagolysosomes; stain w/ von Kossa, PAS, Perls, Giemsa). Treatment:- * Localized: surgical excision * Nonsurgical candidates: difficult to treat; may try long courses of ciprofloxacin, TMP/SMX, or clofazimine. Ref:- Review of Dermatology by Alikhan pg num:-298


Question: The primary difference between MTA and Portland cement is that, MTA

The primary difference between both types of MTA and Portland cement are a lack of potassium and presence of bismuth oxide. White MTA contains lower amounts of Fe, Al and Mg than grey MTA.
ref. MTA review, JOE 2010, pg 17


Question: Jean Piaget put forth the theory of

Psychoanalytic theory of psychosexual development


Question: The primary function of access openings is to

Provide straight line access to the apex


Question: Implants used in orthodontics are

Anchorage is the most critical aspect of orthodontics. The anchorage savers do offer extra assistance to anchorage, most recent armamentarium in orthodontics was the introduction of mini screw implants (MSI) and skeletal anchorage system (SAS). Their small size has led to them being called- "mini-implants, micro-implants, mini-screws or mini-pins".
Textbook of Orthodontics, Gurkeerat Singh 2nd ed page 299


Question: The term gingival ablation indicates

Gingival recession due to faulty tooth brushing

Gingival recession accentuated by prominent palatal root

Gingival recession due to friction from hard food

Gingival recession due to friction from soft tissue


Question: Subodontoblastic nerve plexus of Raschkow is separated from odontoblasts by

Sensory nerve fibers that originate from inferior and superior alveolars innervate the odontoblastic layer of the pulp cavity. These nerves enter the tooth through the apical foramen as myelinated nerve bundles. They branch to form the subodontoblastic nerve plexus of Reschkow which Is separated from the odontoblasts by a oell-free can Zone of weil.
In addition to the sensory nerves, sympathetic nerve bundles also enter the tooth to innervate blood vessels.


Question: The principal disadvantage of metal denture base is

acrylic resin does not providing bonding


Question: The normal gingival color is


Question: Endothrix is caused by

Endothrix-spores inside hair shaft- hairs break at the follicular orifices appear as black dots on scalp Black dot or non inflammatory type of tinea capitis : endothix infection.hairs break at the level of scalp. Causative organism trichophyton.tonsurans. iadvl textbook of dermatologypage 255


Question: Permanent deformation following strain in compression in increasing order for elastomers

Addition silicone, condensation silicone, polyether, poly sulphide

Poly sulphide, poly ether, Addition silicone, condensation silicone

Poly sulphide, poly ether, condensation silicone, Addition silicone

Polyether, poly sulphide, addition silicone, condensation silicone


Question: The β (Beta) hemihydrate of gypsum requires more water to float its powder particles because

They are more regular in shape and dense

They are more regular in shape and highly porous

They are more irregular in shape and porous

They are more dense and prismatic in shape


Question: Inheritance of ichthyosis vulgaris is

Ichthyosis vulgaris is a type of ichthyosis, a group of related skin conditions that interfere with the skin's ability to shed dead skin cells, causing extremely dry, thick skin. Extremely dry, scaly skin is known as xerosis. Ichthyosis vulgaris (also known as "Autosomal dominant ichthyosis," and "Ichthyosis simplex") is a skin disorder causing dry, scaly skin. It is usually an autosomal dominant inherited disease (often associated with filaggrin), although a rare non-heritable version called acquired ichthyosis exists. Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1232


Question: The sterility of the root canal during treatment is assessed by


Question: Phentom tooth pain is persistent pain after RCT, more than


Question: Size of the bur for preparing lingual rest seat for a RPD is

To prepare the lingual rest in enamel, a safe side 1/4 inch diamond disk should be used.
Occlusal rest seats in sound enamel may be prepared with diamond points of approximately the size of No. 6 and round burs.


Question: Most impoant in the diagnosis of leprosy is

Hypopigmented anesthetic patch is the most impoant feature ofvleprosy Cardinal signs of leprosy 1. Anesthetic patches or anesthesia: This may be a suggestive skin lesion(s) (hypopigmented or erythematous) with sensory impairment or loss, or else there may be just an area of sensory deficit, more often in the distribution of a nerve trunk or limited to the distal pas of extremities. There may be complete loss or diminished sensations of touch, pain, and/or temperature. 2. Thickened peripheral nerves or local cutaneous nerves: Nerve affection is the major feature of leprosy. Most often there is a perceptible thickening of the regional nerve trunk(s), sensory and/or mixed. In some cases a proximally located nerve can be observed. 3. Acid-fast bacilli: Finding of acid-fast bacilli (M. leprae) on slit skin smears in lepromatous or borderline leprosy is diagnostic. In tuberculoid or indeterminate leprosy, a skin biopsy may be required to demonstrate AFB. For the diagnosis of leprosy, at least two of the three cardinal signs or demonstration of acid-fast bacilli is essential. The above cardinal signs are present in a classical case, but in cases of early leprosy only one of the first two cardinal signs may be present, and leads one to suspect leprosy. iadvl textbook of dermatology page 2055


Question: Definitive information regarding the bone architecture is obtained by


Question: Centric relation is between


Question: The enamel of the posterior teeth is thickest at


Question: Organisms with characteristic School of fish appearance in stained smears is observed in wof condition


Question: Midazolam dose in children is (through Im)


Question: The root canal instrument most likely to break during instrumentation is


Question: Torsiversion refers to


Question: Binder used in Gypsum investment is


Question: Retruded tongue position in an edentulous patient results in


Question: Long connective tissue papillae and keratinized epithelia are a feature of these parts of oral mucosa


Question: Late mesial shift is due to

Late mesial shift
The second transitional period is completed with the eruption of second molars at the age of 12 years. In this period, class I permanent molar occlusion is achieved by a late mesial shift of the mandibular permanent molars. The difference in the combined mesiodistal dimensions of the primary canine, first and second molar in each quadrant is greater than the combined mesio-distal dimensions of the permanent premolars and canine. This excess of space, i.e, Leeway space is greater in the mandibular arch as compared to the maxillary arch. The erupting permanent molars migrate mesially in the occlusal path, more mesial in the mandible and thereby establishing a Class I cusp to fossa relationship. These movements transform the straight terminal plane relationship of primary molars into a mesial step relationship. This phenomenon occurs mostly with closed primary dentition, where interdental spaces do not exist and primary second molars are in a straight terminal plane relationship. In this condition, an early mesial shift is not possible. The permanent maxillary, mandibular first molars emerge into a cusp-to-cusp relationship, but move to a class I relationship later. This change has been referred to as the late mesial shift. The late mesial shift is facilitated with the use of leeway space.
OP Kharbanda 2nd ED


Question: Excess deposition of calcium in the dentinal tubules is referred to as


Question: ZOE is made eugenol free by


Question:
Width of the central incisor as compared to the
bizygomatic width is


Question: According to Ellis and Davey classification a fracture of 51 involving dentin and associated loss of vitality is classified as


Question: During cavity preparation, more incidence of exposure is in


Question: The defect in matrix formation during formation of enamel leads to


Question: The dentin receptors are unique because


Question: In sebaceous glands accumulation of sebum leads to

Acne -etiopathogenesis: follicular hyperkeratinization increased sebum production colonization of the pilosebaceous unit with Propionibacterium acnes production of inflammatory mediators Reference Harrison20th edition pg 1278


Question: Father of serial extraction philosophy in USA is


Question: A 30 yr old female presents with history of itching under right breast. On examination annular ring lesion was present under the breast. The diagnosis is

Tinea Corporis (Tinea of trunk and limbs) * T. rubrum most common; may spread from fungal infection of feet (T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes), infected animal (M. canis), or soil (M. gypseum). * Presents as erythematous, sharply marginated, scaly plaque with raised, advancing border; typically with central clearing and annular or arcuate shape. Clinical variants :- * Tinea imbricata: T. concentricum, presents with distinct scaly plaques arranged in concentric rings * Tinea profunda: marked inflammatory response to a dermatophyte (analogous to kerion on scalp) * Tinea incognito: dermatophyte infection without obvious signs of inflammation (usually due to prior treatment with topical coicosteroid) * Majocchi's granuloma: T. rubrum (most common), granulomatous folliculitis due to dermatophyte entering hair follicles (usually due to prior topical coicosteroid use), treat with oral antifungal Treatment:- Topical therapy usually adequate (imidazole, allylamine); if extensive or involving hair follicles can use oral terbinafine or itraconazole. Ref:- Sima Jain; pg num:-227


Question: Anterior inclined plane should not be used for prolonged period because it causes


Question: For accurate replica reproducing intra and extraoral tissues, impression materials are able to transform into a rubbery or rigid solid in the mouth within

To produce accurate replicas of intra and extra oral tissues, the impression materials should be:

Sufficiently fluid to adapt to the oral tissues.
Viscous enough to be contained in a tray.
Able to transform (set) into a rubbery or rigid solid in the mouth in a reasonable time (less than 7 min).
Resistant to distortion or tearing when removed from the mouth.
Dimensionally stable long enough to allow one or more casts to be poured.
Biocompatible.
Cost-effective in terms of time as well as the expense of the associated processing equipment.

Phillips 12 ed page no 152


Question: The rate of calculus formation can be retarded by


Question: Rate of Oxygen consumption by odontoblast is


Question: Exclamation mark hair pattern is seen in

Alopecia areata - autoimmune condition Exclamation mark - These are broken hair follicles with broad distal and thin proximal shaft It is pathognomonic of alopecia areata but not always found.


Question: Direct pulp capping has a favourable prognosis if the exposure is around


Question: Negative space with respect to buccal corridors is an indication for

The transverse dimension of the smile is also referred to as “transverse dental projection”. Lateral negative space is the buccal corridor between the posterior teeth and the corner of the mouth in smiling. Orthodontists refer to buccal corridors as “negative” spaces to be eliminated by transverse maxillary expansion.
Orthodontic expansion and widening of collapsed arch form can improve the appearance of the smile dramatically by decreasing the size of the buccal corridors and improving the transverse smile dimension. The transverse smile dimension (and the buccal corridor width) is related to the lateral projection of the premolars and the molars into the buccal corridors. The wider the arch form in the premolar area, the greater is the amount of the buccal corridor that is filled.
Graber Vanarsdall Vig, orthodontic current principles and techniques 6th  edition page 273


Question: Hertwig's root sheath is formed from


Question: The alternative of Eugenol is


Question: The ideal bone for implant support is


Question: In smokers the incidence of periodontal disease are

Cigarette smokers are up to five times more likely than nonsmokers to develop severe periodontitis, and the risk of the disease increase with the amount of cigarettes smoked.


Question: Eruption of Deciduous Maxillary 1st molar occur at


Question: An adult presents with oval scaly hypopigmented macule over the chest and the back. The diagnosis is

Both Pityriasis versicolor and Pityriasis Alba causes scaly hypopigmented macules but the lesions of Pityriasis alba occurs on cheek & face and common age of presentation is young children.
In Pityriasis versicolor → Lesions occur mostly on chest and Trunks. (Lower limb & hand usually not involved).
Commonly occurs in young adults. In indeterminate leprosy → lesions are not scaly.
They are hypopigmented anaesthetic patches. In lichen planus → the lesions are hyperpigmented


Question: Width of PDL is


Question: Haversian systems (osteons) are found primarily in the


Question: Ideal angle the sharpening stone must form with the face of the blade is


Question: A 85 yr old female developed multiple blisters on trunk and thighs. Nikolsky&;s sign is negative. The lesions came on and off. The most probable diagnosis is

Bullous Pemphigoid (BP) * Most common autoimmune bullous disorder with chronic nature; typically in patients over 60 Autoantigen: - * BPAG2 (collagen XVII): 180 kDa (NC16A domain), transmembrane hemidesmosomal protein * BPAG1: 230 kDa, cytoplasmic plaque protein Clinical features:- Often presents with initial uicarial lesions which evolve into large, tense bullae over medial thighs, groin, abdomen, and legs; +- pruritus initially with subsequent tenderness; no constitutional symptoms unless extensive disease; 10-35% with oral involvement Drug-induced:- Furosemide, NSAIDs, phenacetin, PCN-derivatives, gold, potassium iodide, captopril, enalapril, D-penicillamine, sulfasalazine Histology:- Subepidermal bulla with || eosinophils and lymphocytes in papillary dermis, +- neutrophils. Investigations:- * DIF: linear C3 and IgG (latter weaker) at BMZ * IIF: + in 60-80%; IIF on salt-split skin (SSS) shows binding to epidermal side of split (roof of blister) Treatment:- Oralcoicosteroid, steroid-sparing agent (azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, etc), TCN + nicotinamide, dapsone; good prognosis. Ref:- Sima Jain; pg num:- 130


Question:
The occlusal surface of an abutment tooth with acrylic
veneering should be


Question:
The average "Leeway space" available in each half of the
maxilla is approximately


Question: Light orthodontic forces produce

Compression of blood vessel within 3-5 seconds on the pressure side

Compression of blood vessel in 2 hours on the tension side


Question: Enamel etching produces


Question: The one constant contraindication for a composite restoration is

The constant contraindication for using a composite restoration is the inability to properly isolate the operating area. Occlusal wear of composite is similar to that of amalgam. Extension onto the root surface may result in gap formation with composite but also results in initial leakage with amalgam, indicating that there is no ideal material for root-surface extended restorations. A high C-factor (Class I) can be largely overcome by using

a liner under the composite,
a filled adhesive, and
incremental insertion of the composite.

Inability to isolate the operating area.

Class I restoration with a high C-factor.


Question: During recording centric relation, compound occlusion rims with styli in maxillary arch are used in


Question: Most common plant implicated in the causation of dermatitis is

Pahenium dermatitis is caused by dry powder of leaves and flowers and hair-like structures (trichomes). Sesquiterpene lactones (SQLs) are the most impoant allergens responsible for ACD to pahenium. Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1234


Question: Mercury is toxic because it

Complexes with hemoglobin to form methemoglobin

Inhibits hemoglobin synthesis, producing anemia


Question: The following method of recording centric jaw relation has the advantage reproducilibility and cross verification


Question: Oral malodor is detected by


Question: Simplest and most common method of measuring variation is


Question: New Cross Auxiliaries means


Question: Most common site of Basal cell carcinoma on face is

Face is the most common site for BCC
And nose is the most common site on face.


Question: The length of tongue spike in tongue thrusting habit breaking appliance should be upto the


Question: Masseter muscle is a powerful muscle because of


Question: Combination clasp consists of

Another strategy to reduce the effect of the Class I lever in distal extension situations is to use a flexible component in the "resistance arm, " which is the strategy employed in the combination clasp. The combination clasp consists of a wrought wire retentive clasp arm and a cast reciprocal clasp arm.


Question: Recognize the instrument given.


Question: Narrowest part of zipping canal is known as


Question: Eruption of Mandibular Central incisor occur at


Question: Stunned pulp means

Pulp not capable of positive response to tooth vitality tests for 6-8 weeks after injury


Question: Diameter of odontoblastic tubules at the point of origin, at their pulpal end

Between the odontoblastic processes and the peritubular dentin is the periodontoblastic space which contains the dentinal fluid. The tubules are broader at their point of origin, i.e., at their pulpal end (3–4μm) and become gradually narrower at their point of termination (1μm), i.e., at dentinoenamel or cementoenamel junction. Also the tubules are closer together at the pulpal end (50–90,000 tubules/mm2) and further apart at their terminal end.


Question: Frequency of recesses in Zygomatic process of maxilla is


Question: Kim's classification type IV is

Well defined complete isthmus between two canals

3 or more canals with complete or incomplete isthmus

3 or more canals without any visible connections


Question: Fear is

A primary emotion acquires soon after birth

A primary emotion acquires several years after birth


Question: Bennett angle is measured on the


Question: Necrosis and degeneration in short time is seen with

Necrosis is seen in almost 100 % cases of the avulsion.
Ref: Cohen pathways of pulp, 11th edition


Question: Predictable compliment of optimum tooth preparation should satisfy

Combination of compromises among the prevalency biological and mechanical considerations

Biological, mechanical and esthetic requirement


Question: Remnants of the Hertwig's root sheath are found in


Question: Most commonly associated ion with remineralisation of enamel


Question: Characteristic Direct immunofluorescence findings in Herpes gestationis is

DIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE FINDINGS IN AUTOIMMUNE BLISTERING DISEASE. Disease Pattern and nature of immunoreactants Pemphigus Epidermal cell-surface deposits of IgG and C3 giving fishnet appearance Bullous pemphigoid Linear, homogeneous deposits of IgG (epidermal side on salt-split skin) and C3 at the dermal-epidermal junction. Linear IgA dermatosis Linear homogeneous deposits of IgA at the dermal-epidermal junction Herpes gestationis Linear homogeneous deposits of C3 at the dermal-epidermal junction Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita Linear homogeneous deposits of IgG (dermal side on the salt-split skin) and C3 at the dermal-epidermal junction. Cicatricial pemphigoid Linear homogeneous deposits of IgG and C3 at the dermal-epidermal junction Dermatitis herpetiformis Focal granular deposits of IgA at the papillary tips The bullous eruption of lupus erythematosus Linear homogeneous, or non-homogeneous, deposits of multiple immunoglobulins, C3 and fibrin at the dermal-epidermal junction. (Ref. Harrison's Table 7.9) Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1256

Linear, homogeneous deposits of IgGand C3 at the dermal-epidermal junction


Question: Acid etching of enamel margins


Question: Functional technique of relining and rebasing utilizes


Question: In later phases of plaque development the organism predominates


Question: Neonatal line is also referred to as


Question: The most recommended technique of gingivectomy is by means of


Question: The first sign of future deciduous teeth as a thickening of oral ectoderm appears at about


Question: For gold inlays gingival margin finish line should be


Question: Cellular cementum and compact bone contain


Question: Eruption of Deciduous Mandibular Lateral incisor occur at


Question: Acrylic (cold cure)


Question: Neither raised nor depressed is

Macule is a flat lesion Macule is better seen than felt


Question: The most common site of hypersensitivity is

Cervical hypersensitivity may be caused not only by chemical erosion, but also by mechanical abrasion or even occlusal stresses.


Question: Mouthwash used in ANUG is


Question: A complete clasp assembly consists of a

Retentive arm, an occlusal rest, and reciprocating elements


Question: Dean's fluorosis index was modified in the year


Question: The pH of a freshly prepared stannous fluoride solution is approximately


Question: Senear usher syndrome is associated with

Senear usher syndrome is associated with pemphigus erythematous Pemphigus erythematosus is a localized variant of PF, originally described by Senear and Usher. Patients have immunological features of both lupus erythematosus and pemphigus, with granular IgG and C3 at the basement membrane zone, intercellular IgG and C3 in the epidermis and circulating antinuclear antibodies. Progression to systemic lupus erythematosus is rare. Pemphigus erythematosus may be associated with myasthenia gravis or thymoma. Erythematous scaly lesions over the nose and cheeks in a butterfly distribution simulate cutaneous lupus erythematosus or seborrheic dermatitis. Sunlight may exacerbate the disease. Lesions on the trunk, either localized or generalized, are similar to those in PF Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1267


Question: Crown completion of deciduous Mandibular central incisors occur


Question: Least propensity for lymphatic spread would be

Lymphatic spread & metastasis is extremely rare in Basal cell cancer.


Question: Exfoliative dermatitis due to gold poisoning is treated by

Exfoliative dermatitis is widespread erythema and scaling of the skin caused by preexisting skin disorders, drugs, cancer, or unknown causes. Symptoms and signs are pruritus, diffuse erythema, and epidermal sloughing. Diagnosis is clinical. Treatment involves coicosteroids and correction of the cause. Antibiotic administration when underlying infection is suspected or identified as cause of exfoliative dermatitis or when a secondary skin and soft tissue infection is present. Intravenous fluids to correct dehydration. Sedating antihistamines for pruritus Ref Harrison20th edition pg 2435


Question: Transmission of stimulus across dentin is

Correlated with the innervation density of the dentin

There is no transmission of stimulus across dentin


Question: Most common form of disinfection of alginate impression material is

The  current  protocol  for  disinfecting  hydrocolloid impressions recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is to use household bleach (1-to-10 dilution), iodophors, or synthetic phenols as disinfectants.
Guide for selection of Appropriate Disinfection Method for Impressions Transported to a Dental Laboratory


Question: The treatment for acute periodontal abscess is

The drainage of abscess through incision only

Incision & drainage followed by flap surgery after the symptoms subside

Incision should not be given through ultrasonic tip

Incision should be given only external level


Question: Treatment time for topical fluoride application on deciduous teeth is

4-minute treatment time has been typically recommended for professionally applied topical fluoride solutions, gels, or foams.


Question: Type of bone present in interradicular area


Question: One of the following is the best of provent pulp damage during cavity preparation


Question: Leon William's classification given an idea about


Question: The thickness of band material used with tofflemire retainer ranges from

Tofflemire retainer is available in .002” and a modified .001” varaiants.


Question: The Periapical lesion that would most likely contain bacteria within the lesion is


Question: The function of an occlusal rest seat is

To prevent the lateral forces acting on the tooth


Question: The control teeth used during pulp testing are


Question: Sodium hypochlorite in carisolv is used in concentration of


Question: The sticky polysaccharide present in dental plague is


Question: Kirkland and orban knives are used for


Question: Draining abscess by cutting a window in the bone is


Question: Fixed drug eruptions can be seen more frequently with

Fixed drug eruption It characteristically recur at the same site following administration of offending drugs or occasionally a member of the same group of drugs. They occur 30min to 8hrs after drug administration Most common drugs: Sulfonamides NSAIDS Dapsone Batbiturates Ciprofloxacin Phenytoin Griseofulvin Metronidazole Antituberculous drugs IADVL Textbook of dermatology page 1668


Question: "Hypopyon sign" is seen in

Bullous impetigo is caused by Staphylococcus.aureus characterized by skin blisters.
Pus in the skin blisters settle down and this is called as "Hypopyon sign"


Question: Most common endocrine disturbance associated with vitiligo

vitiligo is associated with autoimmune systemic disorders like pernicious anemia,addisons disease,graves disease, hyper or hypothyroidism,thyroiditis, hyperparathyroidism,diabetes mellitus most common is thyroid disorders occuring in 0.6-38%. most common is hypehyroidism IADVL textbook of dermatology pg 753

Skin lesions and disorders of pigmentation


Question: Burnishing of dental amalgam restoration does NOT


Question: Epithelium of oral mucous membrane is


Question: Agar impression material is obtained from

Agar, a polysaccharide extracted from certain types of seaweed, is the main active ingredient in the material, while water is the major constituent in the agar impression material. A small percentage of borax is added to strengthen the gel. Since borax is a potent retarder for the setting of gypsum, an accelerator such as potassium sulfate is added to counteract the effect of borax.


Question: Periodontitis is caused by


Question: Basic principle of encirclement for clasp designing means encircling the tooth for

Therefore the basic principle of clasp design, referred to as the principle of encirclement means, that more than 180 degrees in the greatest circumference of the tooth, passing from diverging axial surfaces to converging axial surfaces, must be engaged by the clasp assembly.


Question: Green strength with reference to plaster means

Two strength properties of gypsum are reported:

Wet strength (also known as green strength),.
Dry strength.

The wet strength is the strength that is determined when water in excess of that required for hydration of the hemihydrate remains in the test specimen. When such excess water is removed by drying, the strength obtained is the dry strength. The dry strength may be two or more times as high as the wet strength. Consequently, the distinction between the two is of considerable importance.
Phillips Science of Dental Materials ed 12 pg 188

Strength of dental stone due to green colour


Question: Spheroiding technique is one of the


Question: Haascheiben Cells in epidermis are responsible

Sensory receptors of skin Haascheiben cells in epidermis are responsible for: . Touch Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1234


Question:
Instrument used for gingival retraction during rubber
dam placement is


Question: The largest component of gutta percha cones is


Question: From clinical point of view, property of composite is to provide


Question: Eruption of Maxillary 1st premolar occur at


Question: Transposition of teeth refers to

Teeth erupted in unusual position i.e, one tooth erupts in place of another


Question: Incremental lines of retzius are seen in


Question: Best Prognosis is for

Prognosis is unrelated to the location of fracture


Question: Rubber dam was introduced by


Question: Furcation is measured by


Question: The bleaching material used for night guard vital tooth bleaching is


Question: Epitheliod granuloma is characterstic ofa) Sarcoidosisb) Eosinophiliac) T.B.d) Mycosis fungoides

Bacteria      →  Tuberculosis, leprosy, Brucellosis, Syphilis, Cat scratch disease, Q fever.
Fungal        →  Histoplasma, Blastomycosis, Coccidomycosis.
Helminthic  →  Schistosomiasis, Filariasis.
Others       →  Sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease, RA, Wegener's granulomatosis, Hodgkins disease.


Question: Minimum thickness of tissue conditioners should be

For these materials to be effective, a thickness of 1 mm or more is required. A new application is required every three to four days, till tissues have recovered. Proper P:L ratio should be followed to derive maximum benefit from their use.


Question: Lamina densa of the basal lamina beneath the epithelium is composed of


Question: The pulp horn that is most likely to be exposed during cavity preparation on deciduous molars is


Question: Rituximab is used in the treatment of

Rituximab * Chimeric IgG monoclonal antibody targeting the B-cell surface antigen (CD20) * FDA approved for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and RA unresponsive to other treatments * Off-label dermatologic uses include bullous dermatoses (especially pemphigus vulgaris and severe bullous pemphigoid), autoimmune connective tissue diseases, chronic graft-versus-host disease, vasculitis, and cutaneous B-cell lymphoma * Depletion of B-cells occurs within 2 to 3 weeks of initial treatment with sustained depletion for an average of 6 months; B-cell numbers return to normal within the first year of treatment * Relative contraindication in patients with history of bronchospasm, hypotension, or angioedema * Pregnancy category C * Common adverse effects include: hypeension, nausea, upper respiratory tract infection, ahralgia, pyrexia, and pruritus; most common are infusion reactions, which are generally mild and occur with the first infusion # Patients with history of cardiac or pulmonary conditions should be more closely monitored as they are susceptible to severe infusion reactions * Serious SEs: HBV reactivation, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy SJS/TEN, serious infection, hepatic failure and myelosuppression. Ref:- Review of Dermatology by Alikhan pg num:-39,40


Question: Circle of hebra is associated with

Scabies Causative agent: sarcoptes scabiei var hominis Most common age:1- 5 years children are commonly effected Herd immunity is present Infected individual: feilised female establishes infection Factors responsible for transmission of infection: Close contact for 15-30min High humidity and low temperature our survival. Overcrowding Clothing,bedding,fomites-less common for transmission Female mite burrows into skin and lays eggs and dies after days Eggs hatch to larva and reach maturity Favourable sites for mites- lesions appear- circle of hebra Web spaces of hands Volar aspect of wrists Elbows Axillae Groins Scrotum Shaft of penis Areola in females Umbilicus and periumbilical area Genital area Inner thigh and buttocks Areas spared- face high density of hair follicles Infants- face ,scalp, palms and soles typically involved Clinical features: Itching predominant symptom-worst at night Excoriated papules in the characteristic sites, pustules Burrows are the characteristic lesions- pathognomic of scabies It is a serpentine thread like greyish dark line-tunnel in the stratum corneum that host a a parasite Various other types of scabies Scabies in babies vesicles over Palma and soles, scalp and face are involved. Often pyoderma is present Nodular scabies Crusted scabies- Norwegian scabies- hyperkeratotic scaly crusted lesions with large number of mites. Seen in patients with neurological deficits ,mental retardation, low immunity,malnutrition,tuberculosis,diabetes mellitus,dementia, hiv, immunosuppressive therapy Complications Secondary bacterial infection Acute glomerulonephritis Treatment-anti scabicidal drugs Gama benzene hexachloride 1%lindane 12 -24 hrs a day/2hrs in children Permethrin 5%cream -8-12 hrs at night. It act on the nerve cell membrane and disrupt sodium channel current Benzoyl benzoate 25%emulsion left on body for 48hrs or 3 consecutive nights Crotamiton 10%lotion every night for 2days Malathion 0.5% liquid 6%precipitated sulphur Ivermectin 200ug/kg two doses at 10day interval GABA agonist and chloride channel opener IADVL textbook of dermatology page 429


Question: Possible contra indications for periapical surgery are

The danger of damage to adjacent structures


Question: Fluoride action on carbohydrates in reducing the caries is by


Question: Emergency retentive force for the maxillary complete denture is


Question: Slow or soft start polymerization is seen in

Quartz-Tungsten-Halogen Light cure units


Question: Exacerbation of existing skin lesions is characteristic of

Type 1 leropsy reaction is characterised by exacerbation of preexisting lesions.there will be erythema , odema, tenderness over the previous leprosy patches. Sometimes lesions may ulcerate in severe type 1 reaction iadvl textbook of dermatology page 2046


Question: Width of the periodontal ligament is least at


Question: The % formaldehyde in buckely's formocresol is


Question: Strength of sewage is best expressed by

The most important test carried out on sewage. Sewage with a BOD value of:

300mg/I (300 ppm) or above is termed as strong.
100 mg/I (100 ppm) or below is termed as weak.


Question: Esthiomine is seen in

Esthiomene is seen in LGV which refers to hyperophic enlargement with ulceration of the external genitalia LGV is caused by L1 L2 L3 strain of chlamydia trachomatous L2 is most common Esthiomene is a medical term referring to elephantiasis of the female genitals. In the past the term has also referred to elephantiasis of the male genitalia. Esthiomene is generally the visible result of lymphogranuloma venereum, lymphatic infection by Chlamydia trachomatis. Esthiomene is generally the visible result of lymphogranuloma venereum, lymphatic infection by Chlamydia trachomatis. This sexually transmitted infection produces inflammation of the lymphatic channels in the female genitalia, followed by abscesses, fistulae, ulcerations, and fibrosis of the tissues. The tissues swell, sometimes severely, and the genitalia may grow to a massive size. Esthiomene can also be the result of tuberculosis when the infection takes hold in the genitalia,or of cancer or filariasis, infection with parasitic roundworms. The condition is painful and sometimes disabling. People with the condition can experience mental distress from the pain and physical deformation of their genitalia. Masses can become so large they make walking difficult. Treatment of the condition includes treatment of bacterial chlamydial infections with antibiotics such as doxycycline,or treatment of other infections present. Remaining tissue deformity can be treated with surgery such as labiaplasty to reduce the size of hyperophied labia minora. Goals of surgery include pain relief, restoration of sexual function, and cosmetic improvement Ref: Harrison 20th edition pg 1212


Question: During gothic arch tracing apex indicates


Question: Keratin filaments are joined to each other by

Keratohyaline granules in the granular layer contain Filaggrin molecules that bind keratin filaments to each other.


Question: Most common accelerator added to gypsum product


Question: Selective pressure impression technique indicated in

Firm healthy mucosa covering over the ridge

When sharp bony spicules are present in the ridge


Question:
Thermal shrinkage in Phosphate bonded investment
occurs due to release of


Question: Chancre Redux is a feature of

Chancre redux is seen in early relapsing syphilis.It is a recurrence of the primary chancre at its original site. Chancre redux is an unusual form of relapsing syphilis in which a primary chancre appears at or near the site of the orig- inal infection. It develops in cases of untreated or inadequately treated primary syphilis. Multiple chancres are common Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1290.


Question: Intracoronal retainer placed in the abutment teeth has the following disadvantage

Internal or precision attachments
Advantages:

Improved aesthetics, by elimination of a visible retentive component and vertical support.

Disadvantages:

Difficulty in repair and replacing.
Greater cost to the patient.
Inability to use in teeth having short clinical crowns and tissue-supported distal extension denture bases.

They cannot provide support and stability


Question: Placing a ring liner approximately 3.25 mm short of the ends of the ring tends to

Produce a more uniform expansion and the expansion will not be in a vertical direction hence no distortion


Question: The component in very minor quantity in stainless steel that changes the properties to a maximum level is


Question: Drug of choice for genital was is

WAS:- Caused by human papilloma virus. Anogenital was caused by HPV 6,11,16,18,31,33. Out Of these 6 is mostly involved. These virus invade squamous epithelium and trigger cell proliferation. Viruses mainly being transmitted by fomites ,scratching, and auto inoculation. Pink to brown way papules in perianal/genital areas. Podophyllin 20% in tincture benzoin is the treatment of choice in antigenital was,but is contraindicated in pregnant women. {Reference: IADVL textbook of dermatology, vishalakshi Vishwanath pg no.67.}


Question: Cradle cap is seen in


Question: Pellicle is a


Question: Elective endodontic treatment is contraindicated in


Question: Concept of lingualised occlusion was given by


Question: Lamina densa of the gingival basement membrane is rich in


Question: A thicker rubber dam is recommended for……………cavity

A thicker dam is more effective in retracting tissue and more resistant to tearing; it is especially recommended for isolating Class V lesions in conjunction with a cervical retainer


Question: Repair of denture without changing the occlusal relation is


Question: IDA was established in


Question: Child with pearly white papular lesions with dimple over face. Koebner 's phenomenon is positive. Diagnosis is

Among given options, only Molluscum contagiosum is associated with koebner's phenomenon. Molluscum contagiosum is a self limiting infection caused by Pox virus and transmitted by close skin to skin contact.The characteristic lesion is pearly white umbilicated dome-shaped papule in exposed areas ( hand, face) and charecteristic intracytoplasmic bodies. Penile pearly papules are flesh-colored or white, dome-shaped or filiform papules. Their size ranges from 1 mm to 4 mm. Pearly penile papules are arranged in rows around the corona of the glans penis, mainly on its dorsal aspect. .Molluscum contagiosum may be located on the penis as a sexually transmitted infection. Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1267


Question: Thermafil is


Question: Laser Doppler flowmetry is a method used to assess blood flow in


Question: 1st evidence of calcification of Mandibular 2nd molar is seen in


Question: The Condylar Cartilage in the mandible is held to be a


Question: Resting rate of blood flow to the pulp


Question: Most rigid elastomer is


Question: Erythrasma is caused by

CORYNEBACTERIAL INFECTIONS * Corynebacterium: gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria . Erythrasma:- * Superficial infection in occluded interiginous areas due to C.minutissimum * Presents as well-demarcated red-brown macules/patches with fine scale and wrinkling in interiginous areas; interdigital maceration and scaling between toes. * Most common bacterial infection of the foot . Wood's lamp:- Bright coral-red fluorescence due to porphyrin production (coproporphyrin III). Treatment:- Topical antibiotic or antifungal (clindamycin, erythromycin, imidazole) or oral erythromycin x 5 days. Ref&;- Sima Jain; pg num:-208


Question: Erysipeloid is transmitted by

ERYSIPELOID Caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae present on dead animal matter (swine) Transmitted by contact with animal Presents as pain, swelling and purplish erythema at the site of inoculation Causes Whale finger Penicillin - DOC


Question: The most ideal finish line configuration for a porcelain veneer is


Question: The thickness of matrix band is


Question: Green shrinkage occurs in


Question: The angle former is a special type of


Question: In elderly patients distance between major and minor apical foramina is


Question: Furcation involvement with no radio graphic evidence is


Question: SOAP note refers to


Question: The cap stage in tooth development is characterized by

Mitosis or proliferation of cells occurs mainly in bud, cap and early bell stage. For morphodifferentiation the important stage is advanced bell stage. Reversal of the functional polarity occurs in the organizing stage of life cycle of ameloblasts. Cushion hammock ligament is hypothesized as an important structure for tooth eruption.


Question: There is a real relationship between the incidences of fracture of anterior teeth and the


Question: Jiffy denture is a type of


Question: Pyogenic granuloma, and parulis are examples of


Question: Sickle scaler in cross section appears


Question: Variation in eruption in permanent dentition


Question: The crown of any tooth can be subdivided for description, into


Question: Toxic epidermal necrolysis {TEN} involves body surface area

Based on body surface area ( BSA) of skin involved, epidermal necrolysis is classified into SJS: less than 10% BSASJS_TEN overlap: 10-30% BSA TEN : more than 30% BSA. From illustrated synopsis of dermatology and sexually transmitted diseases neena khanna 5th edition page no 92


Question: File with R phase technology


Question: The Denar articulator belong to


Question: Reversal lines are a coating found in bone is produced by


Question: The hinge axis is an imaginary line passing through or near the


Question: "Head light" sign is seen in

Perioral, periorbital and perinasal pallour seen in Atopic dermatitis is called as "Head light" sign.


Question: In an infrabony pocket the junctional epithelium lies

Apical to the crest of the alveolar bone

Coronal to the crest of the alveolar bone


Question: Maximum fluoride content is seen in


Question: Ameloblast is

A cell from which tooth enamel is formed


Question: Myofunctional appliances are

Passive appliances delivering forces from surrounding oral and periodontal tissues


Question: "Herald patch" is a characteristic feature of Repeated

Herald patch or mother patch is a characteristic feature of Pityriasis rosea Pityriasis rosea is a type of skin rash.Classically, it begins with a single red and slightly scaly area known as a "herald patch". This is then followed, days to weeks later, by a pink whole body rash. It typically lasts less than three months and goes away without treatment. Sometime a fever may occur before the sta of the rash or itchiness may be present, but often there are few other symptoms The symptoms of this condition include: An upper respiratory tract infection may precede all other symptoms in as many as 69% of patients. A single, 2- to (rarely) 10-cm oval red "herald" patch appears, classically on the abdomen.Occasionally, the "herald" patch may occur in a 'hidden' position (in the armpit, for example) and not be noticed immediately. The "herald" patch may also appear as a cluster of smaller oval spots, and be mistaken for acne. Rarely, it does not become present at all. 7-14 days after the herald patch, many small (5-10 mm) patches of pink or red, flaky, oval-shaped rash appear on the torso. The more numerous oval patches generally spread widely across the chest first, following the rib-line in a characteristic "christmas-tree" distribution. Small, circular patches may appear on the back and neck several days later. In 6% of cases an "inverse" distribution may occur, with rash mostly on the extremities. In children, presentation can be atypical or inverse, and the course is typically milder. About one in four people with PR have mild to severe symptomatic itching. (Moderate itching due to skin over-dryness is much more common, especially if soap is used to cleanse the affected areas.) The itching is often non-specific, and worsens if scratched. This tends to fade as the rash develops and does not usually last through the entire course of the disease. The rash may be accompanied by low-grade fever, headache, nausea and fatigue Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1290


Question: Chicken wire configuration is arrangement of


Question:
The	percentage	of glutaraldehyde,	as	a	medicament
during primary tooth pulpotomy is


Question: Gingival index was given by


Question: The tooth is tender on vertical percussion. It may be due to


Question: Blood supply of ameloblast for most of its life cycle comes from

As long as the inner enamel epithelium is in contact with the dental papilla, it receives its nutrient supply from the blood vessels of dental papilla. When dentin forms, it cuts off the ameloblasts from the source of nourishment. From then, they are supplied by the capillaries of dental sac.


Question: Most mucostatic among the following


Question: Glass ionomer cements are composed of

Glass-ionomer cement is often known as a biomimetic material, because of its similar mechanical properties to dentine.
Synonyms

Poly (alkenoate) cement
GIC (glass ionomer cement)
ASPA (alumino silicate polyacrylic acid)

Ref: Mannapalli ed 3 pg 67

Aluminosilicate powder and phosphoric acid

Zinc oxide powder and polyacrylate liquid


Question: A key feature that differentiates stage III gingivitis from the stage II lesion is an increase in the number of


Question: The middle to apical third of the root surface and furcations are covered by


Question: Cavity conditioning in ART is done by


Question: Prepubertal periodontitis occurs


Question: Recommended time for acid etching before placing a pit and fissure sealant


Question: If force applied at the bracket is doubled, then

Since M = Fd, doubling the force would double the moment, or tendency to rotate, tip, or torque.


Question: "Wickham striae " are seen in

Wickham striae are the whitish criss cross streaks typically seen in oral Lichen planus.


Question:
High rate of failure after direct pulp capping in primary
teeth is due to


Question: Max. Joseph's space is a histopathological feature of

Max Joseph space/cleft is a histological feature of lichen planus . It is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory condition affecting the skin, mucous membrane and appendages. The 6Ps of lichen planus are purple, papule, pruritic, polygonal, plaque, plane/flat-topped. Delicate white striae - Wickham's striae seen due to focal thickening of granular cell layer. The finding is enhanced by applying oil or by using dermoscopy. Positive Koebner's phenomenon -linear distribution of lesions following trauma. Classic form is the most common variant Nail findings- diffuse nail ridging and dorsal pterygium twenty nail syndrome (trachyonychia)-nail roughness caused by excessive longitudinal ridging may involve all 20 nails Diagnosis: Histological features -compact hyperkeratosis,wedge-shaped hypergranulosis,irregular acanthosis,sawtoothing of rate ridges and vacuolar damage to basal cell layer, degenerated keratinocytes in the upper dermis called civatte bodies or colloid bodies. Interface inflammation causes a small separation between epidermis and dermis called max joseph space/cleft Associated conditions -HCV association is very impoant alopecia areata vitiligo DLE Diabetes mellitus Ulcerative colitis First line therapy is topical coicosteroids Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1278


Question: The coronal pulp has


Question: Humectant in tooth paste serves to


Question: Chronic desquamative gingivitis most often affects


Question:
Bilateral edentulous area present posterior to the
remaining teeth can be classified as Kennedy's


Question: Quartz is added to gypsum bonded investment to

counter balance contraction of gypsum during heating


Question: Kanner's syndrome is also known as


Question: The most reliable among vitality tests is


Question: The intermediate filaments of epithelium are


Question: Development of supporting tissues of the tooth is initiated by


Question: Best way to measure the working length of 21, with open apex is

When RCT is indicated in an immature tooth with wide open apex, a relatively reliable means of determining working length is by gently passing the blunt end of a paper point into the canal after profound anaesthesia has been achieved, the moisture or blood on the portion of the paper point that passes beyond the apex may be an estimation of working length or the junction between the root apex and the bone.


Question: Bizygomatic width divided by 3.3 gives approximately

a)	Mesio-distal width of lower anterior teeth

b)	Mesio-distal width of upper anterior teeth

c)	Mesio-distal width of upper teeth from molar to molar

d)	Mesio-distal width of lower teeth from molar to molar


Question: Crown completion of Maxillary central incisors occur


Question: Gingival clefts may be caused by


Question: Most symmetric posterior tooth is


Question: 1st evidence of calcification of Primary Upper central incisor is seen in


Question: The chemical used to etch enamel is


Question: The father of epidemiology is


Question: In modified class III cavity restoration retention is obtained mainly by


Question: Matrix vesicles


Question: 19 year male develops painless penile ulcers 9 days after sexual intercourse with a professional sex worker likely dignosis is

In chancroid the incubation period is 3_5 days . In syphilis the incubation period is9-90 days. In the primary stage there is indicated , clean, painless ulcer , which oozes serum on pressure. From illustrated synopsis of dermatology and sexually transmitted diseases neena khanna 5th edition page no 320


Question: Prevalence of disease is


Question: The most suitable instrument to remove gutta percha from the root canal is


Question: The lactoperoxidase thiocynate system present in saliva is against


Question: A patient presents with persistent painful oral lesions

Pemphigus is a group of chronic, autoimmune blistering diseases of the skin and mucous membrane charecterised histologically by intra-epidermal bullae. Two major types are P.vulgaris and P.foliaceous. P.vulgaris: Target antigens- desmoglein 1 and 3. skin and mucosa are affected. Skin involvement stas in the form of flaccid blisters which easily ruptures producing charecteristic erosions that have no tendency to heal. skin lesions are usually preceded by blisters and erosions of oral mucosa which are very painful and interfere in food intake. Nikolsky sign and bulla spread sign are positive. Nikolsky sign: development of erosion on surrounding normal skin following shearing force. Bulla spread sign: lateral finger pressure at the edge of lesion leads to spread of bulla. P.foliaceous Target antigen: desmoglein 1 Mucosal involvement is absent. Skin involvement is very superficial and flaccid blisters are seen which rupture easily leading to crusted eroded areas. Common sites involved are seborrheic areas like scalp, face, upper trunk and abdomen. Endemic in some pas of brazil and is known as Fogo Selvagum. Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1233


Question: 1st evidence of calcification of Primary Upper 1st molar is seen in


Question: One of the followingis the t/t of choice for dermatitis herpetiformis

oral dapsone is the main therapy used for dermatitis herpetiformis. 100-200 mg daily and gradually decreased to a maintenance dose of 50 mg daily.page no.286. Reference IADVL's concise textbook of dermatology


Question: Surface hardness of gold foil during condensation


Question: The ridge that descends from the cuspal tip towards the central part of the occlusal surface in a maxillary molar is


Question: The laser useful in smear layer removal is

Erbium: Chromium: Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet Laser (Er:Cr:YSGG)

Etches enamel surface.
Removal smear layer.

 Erbium: Yttrium Aluminium Garnet Laser (Er:YAG)

Remove caries in enamel and dentin.
Removes dislodged GIC and Composite.
Desensitize the hypersensitivity dentin.

 Neodymium - Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser (Ne: YAG)

Good hemostasis.
Used in non-surgical sulcular debridement.

 Argon Laser

Yield high intensity visible blue light.
Curing of dental restorations.
It also changes the surface chemistry of both enamel and root surfaces dentin, which reduces the probability of recurrent caries.
Removes extrinsic and intrinsic stains.
Bleaching of teeth.


Question: The clasps for partial dentures should be made of


Question: Lateral condylar guidance is


Question: Atmospheric pressure as a factor of retention is effective only

If good neuromuscular co-ordination is present


Question: FHP is formed by joining


Question:
A child patient suspected of leukemia is suffering from
periapical abscess line of treatment is

Obtain medical consultation before treatment


Question: Normal intrapulp pressure is


Question: Children in the primary dentition most often present with

Young children often present with minimal overbite or anterior edge-to-edge relationship. Habits such as thumb-sucking increase the likelihood that less overbite will be present.


Question: NRHM (National Rural Health Mission) done in


Question: The number of bacteria in the oral cavity is greater


Question: The dental pulp is derived form


Question: Crude mortality rate is


Question: Mandibular ridge resorption causes


Question: In the radiographic assessment of periodontal disease, information cannot be obtained is


Question: The size of sprue in casting an average bicuspid M.O.D. casting by centrifugal force is


Question: Atwoods classification Order IV corresponds to


Question: A person came with a unilateral white skin lesion with leukotrichia. Diagnosis is

Piebaldism is a rare autosomal dominant trait characterized by well-demarcated hypopigmented macules The most typical and common clinical picture is a white forelock often associated with a V-shaped area of leukoderma on mid-forehead Mostly seen over the anterior poion of the limbs, seen on the face paicularly on the chinLesions can be bilateral but not always symmetrical Other features: inter-pupillary distance is increased (Ref: Rook's page 1856 chapter 70.30)


Question: Crown completion of deciduous Maxillary 1st molar occur


Question: GG drill and Peaso reamers are


Question: Transition from increased prevalence of infectious pandemic diseases to man made disease is known as


Question: The adaption stage of a pedicle soft tissue graft takes


Question: Concept of bonding onto tooth was first described by

In 1973, Rochette introduced the concept of bonding metal to teeth using flared perforations of the metal casting to provide mechanical retention. He used the technique principally for periodontal splinting, but also included pontics in his design.


Question: The rate of tarnish and corrosion of class II cast material having VHN 200 is


Question: The brushing method recommended for individuals with open interdental spaces with missing papillae and exposed root surfaces is,


Question: Fejereskov and Thylstrup index is used for


Question: The number of line angles in a permanent maxillary central incisor is


Question: Rinsing of the impression is important to


Question: Eruption of Mandibular 2nd Premolar occur at


Question: Drug induced pemphigus is most commonly caused by

captopril and d- penicillamine are the two most common drugs inducing pemphigus vulgaris . page no.281 . Reference IADVL's concise textbook of dermatology


Question: Student 't' test is a


Question: Hedstroem file is an instrument used for

Obturating with gutta percha in McSpadden technique


Question: Dimension stability of hydrocollids may be achieved by


Question: Not a feature of Erythema multiforme

Erythema multiforme is a skin reaction that can be triggered by an infection or some medicines. It's usually mild and goes away in a few weeks. There's also a rare, severe form that can affect the mouth, genitals and eyes and can be life-threatening. This is known as erythema multiforme major .Additional symptoms of erythema multiforme can include: a high temperature. a headache. feeling generally unwell. raw sores inside your mouth, making it hard to eat and drink. swollen lips covered in crusts. sores on the genitals, making it painful to pee. sore, red eyes. sensitivity to light and blurred vision. Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1211


Question: Difference in Acne rosacea & Acne vulgaris

Erythema and papulo-pustule (papules and pustules) are seen both in Acne rosacea and Acne vulgaris Comedones are absent in Acne rosacea (a characteristic feature of Acne vulgaris) Ref Harrison 20th edtion pg 1213


Question: Amalgam exhibits a Poisson’s ratio of

Most rigid materials, such as enamel, dentin, amalgam, and dental composite, exhibit a Poisson’s ratio of about 0.3. Brittle substances such as hard gold alloys and dental amalgam show little  permanent reduction in cross section during a tensile test.
More ductile materials such as soft gold alloys, which are high in gold content, show a higher degree of reduction in cross-sectional area and higher Poisson’s ratios.
Rubber has a Poisson’s ratio of nearly 0.5.
Cork exhibits little lateral expansion under compression and has a Poisson’s ratio close to 0.
This property has made cork a common material for sealing wine bottles.
Ref:Craig’s Restorative Dentistry ed 14th pg 36


Question: 0.2% NaF mouth rinse is recommended


Question: K flex file is made up of


Question: The following is one of the mixed dentition analysis


Question: The position of maximum intercuspation of upper and lower teeth is referred to as centric


Question: The main disadvantage of Florida probe system is


Question: Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) technique utilises


Question: Prolonged retention of primary tooth may lead to

Altered path of permanent tooth eruption


Question: Iron content in 3M stainless steel crowns is


Question: Root canal morphology should be


Question: Milk Fluoridation was introduced by


Question: Enamel infarctions can be detected by


Question: Pain originate in the pulp due to

free nerve ending at sub odontoblastic layer


Question: Reciprocal anchorage is offered by


Question: The main advantage of RPD over FPD in replacing bilateral lost teeth is


Question: The glands of Blandin and Nuhn are

The anterior lingual glands located near the apex of tongue


Question: 1st evidence of calcification of Primary Mandibular 2nd molar is seen in


Question: Socratic method of communication is used to


Question: Merkel cell is derived from

Skin structures derived from two of three primary germ layers. # Ectoderm: epidermis, adnexal structures, Merkel cells, melanocytes (neural crest), and nerves (neuroectoderm) # Mesoderm: fibroblasts, LCs, vessels, and inflammatory cells. Ref:- Review of Dermatology by Alikhan; pg num:-11


Question: Hailey Hailey disease is characterized by defect in

Hailey Hailey disease : ATP2C1 gene defect
Darier's disease : ATP2A2 gene defect


Question: Will's gauge is used to measure


Question:
Resorption in case of ideal orthodontic tooth movement
should be


Question: The only valid method to assess periodontal regeneration is

Clear evidence of a new attachment apparatus can be determined only by histologic analysis of tissue blocks obtained from the healed area.


Question: Fins and spines on the casting is seen due to


Question: Mercury vapourisation seen during processing while using with premeasured capsule during


Question:
An 18yr old male patient reported with chief complaint of pain and swelling in the right lower jaw and mild difficulty in opening mouth since one week. A general examination revealed fever and increased pulse rate.

The ideal surgical management of this condition once the signs and symptoms subside would be

Delaying the removal of teeth to next episode

Removal of tooth under local anaesthesia


Question: The success of a root canal filling is best assessed


Question: "Dentitia Tarda".

Premature loss of the deciduous dentition

Retarded eruption of deciduous dentition


Question:
The primary reason for replacing teeth destroyed due to
nursing bottle syndrome is

Arch perimeter requirements in the transitional dentition


Question: Black piedra is caused by

<p>PIEDRA/trichomycosis nodularisPiedra is a superficial fungal infection of the hair shaft characterised by small nodules attached to the hair shaft. Black piedra:- caused by Piedraia hoae. Characterised by firmly attached dark pigmented nodules affecting the scalp hair. White piedra:- caused by Trichosporon beigelli). Characterised by loosely attached light pigmented nodules affecting the scalp,beard, moustache,axillary and pubic hair.soft and less firmly attached to hair shaft. Treatment- shaving hair from affected pa.Systemic terbinafine, topical keratolytics-black piedra.Topical azoles- white piedra. Iadvl textbook of dermatology page 277


Question: Vertuccis type III canal configuration is represented as

Type I…1; type II….2-1; Type III 1-2-1; type IV …2; type V..1-2, Type vi…2-1-2, type VII..1-2-1-2; type VIII…3


Question: The CPITN probe was designed for the detection of


Question: Microscopic Endodontics

Does not help in identification of microfactures in teeth

Does not Aid in the Removal of Diseased Dental Tissue


Question: Acute angles in gold gives


Question: The process of exfoliation of primary teeth is between


Question: Milwaukee brace is used

Milwaukee brace is an orthopedic appliance used for correction of scoliosis. It exerts tremendous force on the mandible Leading to retarded mandibular growth.


Question: "Calcinosis universalis" is due to

Deposition of calcium and phosphates in tissues is called calcification or calcinosis. If it gets organized as in bone formation, it is called ossification. Calcinosis is commonly seen as a consequence of connective tissue disorders or metabolic abnormalities.But it can occur without any tissue injury or metabolic abnormalities. The three main types are:1. Dystrophic-associated with connective tissue disorders due to tissue change. Eg. Dermatomyositis, pseudoxanthoma elasticum or Ehlers Danlos syndrom 2.ldiopathic-not associated with any tissue change or damage. Eg. Calcinosis universalis, circumscripta oumoral calcinosis. 3. Metastaticassociated with abnormal calcium and phosphorus metabolism as in hypercalcemia or hyperphosphatemia. In this type visceral organs are more affected than the skin.eg: hypervitaminosis of vitamin d, milk alkali syndrome iadvl textbook of dermatology page 1099


Question: ART was introduced in


Question: Inflammatory changes in the soft tissue surrounding an implant is diagnosed as


Question: Shape memory in NiTi is because of stress induced form


Question:
The fears that are produced by direct physical stimulation
of the sense organs are


Question: Lepromin test is positive in

Lepromin test: skin test used to know prognosis. Not a diagnostic of leprosy helpful to classify type of leprosy. Positive in tuberculoid, borderline tuberculoid leprosy negative in lepromatous, borderline lepromatous and mid-borderline leprosy. iadvl textbook of dermatology page 2061


Question: 1st evidence of calcification of Mandibular Central Incisor is seen in


Question: Maxillary protraction head gear is used for


Question: The coupling agent used in composite resin


Question: Most common type of Onychomycosis

Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of nails MC site for onychomycosis: hyponychium Types 1. Distal lat.subungual onychomycosis- MC 2. Proximal subungual onychomycosis (rare)-In HIV+ patient 3. Superficial white onychomycosis4. Total dystrophic onychomycosis- it is the end result of either of the types. It is complete nail involvement.


Question: Dentin bonding used for amalgam bonding is


Question: Using neem stick is an example of


Question: The total number of point angles present for Class II amalgam restorations is


Question: The major cells seen in gingiva are


Question: Elaunin fibres are found in


Question: One of the major disadvantage to immediate denture treatment is

No control over tooth placement and shape


Question: The second number in a four number instrument formula denotes


Question: Color change in a process indicator strip indicates

verification of completed sterilization cycle.


Question: Temperature of glass bead sterilizer is

Glass bead (hot salt) sterilizers used to consist of either hot salt or glass beads as a medium for dry heat sterilization.
The temperature range employed was between 425°F (218°C) and 475°F (246°C) for 5 seconds.
Ref :Grossman’s endodontics, 13th edition , pg no:198


Question: Incidence of C shaped canal is maximum for


Question: "Fish tank granuloma " is caused by

It is an atypical mycobacterial infection commonly seen in fish handlers or swimmers.Minocycline is the drug of choice.


Question: Occlusal view of upper first premolar is


Question: The histological section of tooth under orthodontic force representing an avascular area in the periodontal ligament is often referred as


Question:
The main disadvantage of metal ceramic restoration as
compared to porcelain jacket crown is


Question: Over extension of complete denture for a prolonged period without adjustment may cause.


Question: The type of bone present in the labial area of anterior teeth is


Question: Hypochlorite does not cause


Question: A patient feels that his molar is extruded from the socket and is tender to percussion. This can be due to


Question: "Apple jelly nodules on diascopy are seen in"

It is the most form of cutaneous TB characterized by chronic,progressive,itch,annulor skin lesions with cetrol scarring,dioscopy(pressing with glass slide) reveals "Apple jelly nodules"