Question: Indication for relining of complete denture include alt, expect

Immediate denture at 3-6 months after their original construction

When the construction of new dentures with the multiple appointment cause physical and mental stress


Question: Disclosing solution stains


Question: The color code for the "Regular" size pins in the TMS (Thread Mate System) pins system is


Question: Canine placed anterior to orbital plane


Question: Normal transit time of keratinocytes is

Transit time is the time required for the basal cells to reach uppermost part of epidermis,which is 4 weeks.It is decreased in psoriasis.


Question: Cast metal is protected from localized porosity by

Proper planning if sprue location and reservior are essential to prevent porosity in cast alloys.


Question: Eruption of Maxillary Central incisor occur at


Question: The double pot method of adding chlorine to well water was devised by

National Environment Engineering and Research Institute


Question: The bacterial enzyme detected in gingival crevicular fluid is


Question: Scoring of palatal bar is

Limited to the area of soft displaced tissue

To increase the rigidity of the connector

Done on the entire posterior border of the bar

Done on the entire anterior border of the bar


Question: Gottlib has described aggressive periodontitis as diffused atrophy of alveolar bone and termed the condition as


Question: Temperature for brazing is


Question: Crown completion of Maxillary 2nd premolar occur


Question: The ideal method for restoring a fractured tooth is


Question: High FMA angle indicates


Question: Basal lamina consists of


Question:
The average root surface area (mm2) of the maxillary 2nd
premolar is


Question: The first orthodontic appliance devised by angle was


Question: While making impression of flabby fibrous tissues on maxillary ridge for complete denture prosthesis, care is taken to

use selective pressure technique of impression making


Question: Colorado stain" was discovered by (OR) The term colorado satin was given by


Question: Most symmetric tooth in oral cavity


Question: Outstanding clinical performance of dental amalgam restoration is related to its


Question: The dental pulp contains nerve endings / receptors for


Question: The following OPG best indicates

OPG showing features of combination syndrome – overhanging maxillary tuberosity, extensive mandibular ridge resorption, extrusion of lower anterior teeth.


Question: Within practical limits, using less water in mixing plaster will result in a set product that


Question: Hand over mouth technique was first described by


Question: Doc for Infantile hemangioma is

Propanalol is the drug of choice for Infantile hemangioma.


Question: In cariogram, green color indicates

Actual chance of avoidance of new caries


Question: Ideal root canal filling for primary teeth


Question: Pityriasis Alba is seen in

Pityriasis alba is a hypopigmented patch with scaling usually seen over face in patients of Atopic dermatitis.


Question: C shaped morphological appearance is seen in


Question: Iris lesion is seen in

Erythema multiforme(EM) is an acute ,self limiting skin disease charecterised by the abrupt onset of symmetrical target lesions. Erythema multiforme is a skin reaction that can be triggered by an infection or some medicines. The classic lesions are iris or target lesions which are less than 3 cm in diameter, rounded and have 3 zones:central area of dusky erythema, middle paler area of oedema and an outer ring of erythema with well defined margin. Sites: commonly the extremities and the face, but face,trunk ,oral and genital mucosa may be affected. There are two forms: EM major and EM minor. Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1235, Fitzpatrick 8thednpg 434)


Question: Vagabond's disease is also known as

Pediculosis corporis is a cutaneous condition caused by body lice (specifically Pediculus corporis) that lay their eggs in the seams of clothing. Body louse infestation is also known as vagabond disease, and individuals who have an infestation for many years can develop a condition termed vagabond skin. It is also impoant to examine for systemic illness that may be related to one of the vector-borne diseases associated with P corporis (see Complications). Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1221


Question: First clinical sign of localized juvenile periodontitis is

Vertical bone loss along incisors and molars


Question: Regeneration of lost periodontium involves

Healing by long junctional epithelium formation


Question: Antibody against BP 230 and BP 180 seen in

BP 230 / BPAg1 and BP 180/BPAg2 are antigens in the DEJ involved in Bullous Pemphigoid.


Question: Plaster of paris is mixed in

Spatulation can be continued by hand using a spatula with a stiff blade with the bowl on a vibrator or a power-driven mechanical spatulator.


Question: Example for symptom index


Question:
The assessment or measurement of the quality of care and the implementation of any necessary changes to either
maintain or improve the quality of care rendered is


Question: Blaschko&;s lines implies the lines of

LINES OF BLASCHKO The lines of Blaschko are a pattern of lines on the skin that represent the developmental growth pattern during epidermal cell migration. The lines are distinguished from other morphological lines of the skin and do not represent vascular, lymphatic or nervous structures. Ref:- American osteopathic college of Dermatology


Question: 1st sign after formocresol pulpotomy failure is


Question: Restoration commonly recommended for cervical abrasion is


Question: Microleakage is more in


Question: Best range of UV light used for treatment of skin diseases

UV light most commonly used in dermatology are UVB (290 - 320 mn), narrow band UVB (311 nm), and UVAi (360 - 380 nm).


Question: Calculus is detrimental to the gingival tissues because it is

calculus is calcified dental plaque. It is always covered by a layer of uncalcified plaque, which is detrimental to the gingival tissues.


Question: The minimum thickness of an alginate impression material should be


Question: Pit and fissure sealant used in primary prevention of caries is


Question: First radiographic sign of periodontitis


Question: Hinge axis is best detected by

Face bow transfer and freely adjustable condylar pieces


Question:
A severe blow to a permanent anterior tooth not
resulting in fracture, commonly leads to

Pulpal death in the absence of treatment


Question: The first instrument to extirpate pulp is


Question: The Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS) was 165. established in the year


Question: Rarest variety of pemphigus among the following is

"Pemphigus vulgaris is most common among all pemphigus patients followed by pemphigus foliaceus, pemphigus erythrematosis and then pemphigus vegetans"(Ref: IADVL textbook volume 1 pg 937)


Question: In a population sample size depends on


Question: Drug of choice for Impetigo Herpetiformis is

Impetigo herpetiformis is generalized form of pustutar psoriasis seen in pregnancy.It is the only type of psoriasis where oral steroids are used.In all other types topical steroids are used.


Question: Maximum malignant potential is seen in

The diagnosis can be made by visual inspection alone. Although most cases of blue nevi are benign, there is a small possibility that a cellular blue nevus can undergo malignant transformation and become a malignant cellular blue nevus (MCBN). Thus, a biopsy of any changing or suspicious lesion should be done Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1456


Question:
The organism least likely to be found in normal gingival
crevices is


Question: Alternate contact points along shaft are seen in

The blank design employed by the Endo Sequence file is a triangle with alternating contact points (ACP) along the instrument's ,hunk. The Endo Sequence file undergoes electropolishing and the result is visible in its mirror-like finish that remains sharper longer and mays cleaner during use.
About RACE:
Design of the reamer with alternating  cutting edges (RACE): twisted areas alternate with straight parts. The NM surface is treated chemically resulting in an obviously smoother surface than other instruments.
About 3:

Positive rake angle
Variable helical flute angle
Peripheral blade relief
Third radial land
Variable core diameter
Safe-ended tip
Wide radial lands

About Lightspeed:
The LightSpeed root canal instrument has a noncutting tip and a short blade. The shaft is smooth, nontapered and very flexible. Instruments have physical resemblance with Gates Glidden drills. Also remember that term '12 peck e is associated with lightspeed instruments.


Question: Dentist act was introduced on


Question: "Central clearing" is seen with

Central clearing: Tinea
Central Crusting: Leishmaniasis
Central Scarring: Lupus vulgaris.


Question: The amount of total polyamines and putrescine is higher in the following conditions

Necrotic pulps of teeth that are painful to percussion or with spontaneous pain

Vital pulps of teeth that are asymptomatic

Pulps of teeth that have chronic hyperplastic pulpitis


Question: Leser Trelat sign is associated with


Question: If the nib diameter is reduced by half, the compaction force is


Question: Tinea Incognito is

Tinea incognito is atypical tinea caused by incorrect treatment of lesions with topical corticosteroids, where the lesions are asymptomatic, extensive and does not have scales.

Itchy skin lesion whose causative organism is not known

Tinea infection seen after corticosteroid treatment


Question: Differential force concept is mainly used in


Question: Eruption of upper canine ahead of upper premolars ; most probable reason being


Question: "Snail track ulcers" are seen in


Question: The growth of porphyromonas gingivalis is enhanced by a metabolic byproduct succinate produced by


Question: The primary cause of Bennett movement is due to contraction of


Question: Podophyllin is treatment of choice in

Podophyllin Mech of action:- Antimitotic, arrest cells in metaphase by binding tubulin. Uses:- Used for condyloma acuminata . Contraindication:- Contraindicated in pregnancy . Ref:- Sima Jain; pg num:-332


Question: The solvent flux used for base metal soldering is


Question: Lichen planus might be associated with

Lichen planus may be associated with hepatitis C infection The presence of hepatitis is often completely unknown to the patient, being discovered by chance during diagnostic protocol for lichen planus. Prevalence of chronic hepatitis C in patients with oral lichen planus varies between 0.5-35% as repoed by different authors for different geographical areas. The other associations may be vaccinations, dental amalgum, autoimmune diseases. Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1211 .Harrison 19e pg: 349


Question: Ritters disease is caused by

scalded skin syndrome Ritter disease: This is the scalded skin syndrome, a potentially serious side effect of infection with the Staph (Staphylococcus) bacteria that produces a specific protein which loosens the "cement" holding the various layers of the skin together. This allows blister formation and sloughing of the top layer of skin Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1234


Question: Motion of use for reamers is


Question: The reduced enamel epithelium proliferates and seems to induce atrophy of the connective tissue separating it from the oral epithelium in

The reduced enamel epithelium proliferates and seems to induce atrophy of the connective tissue separating it from the oral epithelium, so that fusion of the two epithelia can occur.


Question: Wound attians max tensile strength by

Wound Healing * Different overlapping events:- Inflammatoryphase, proliferative phase and tissue remodeling; some sources cite vascular phase (hemostasis) as first phase. Ref:- Sima Jain; pg num:-16


Question: 1st evidence of calcification of Maxillary deciduous Lateral incisor occurs


Question: Tooth Brush has bristles arranged in


Question: Biological width means

Sum of connective tissue and junctional epithelium

Distance from the tip of the papilla to the base of the sulcus

Distance from marginal gingiva to muco-gingival junction

Distance from incisal edge of the tooth to muco-gingival junction


Question: Type of human papilloma virus associated with carcinoma cervix

High risk HPV: HPV-16, 18, 31, 33 & 45 → associated with cervical cancer.
Low risk HPV : HPV- 6 & 11 → associated with precursor lesions & CIN


Question: In a dental clinic, auxiliary perform duties after personal diagnosis and direction of dentist and patient is sent after his clearance comes under


Question: Inorganic content of cementum is


Question: Bone age is best estimated by


Question: Posterior palatal bar is placed

The posterior bar of an anteroposterior palatal bar major connector is half oval in shape and located as far posteriorly as possible, at the junction of hard and soft palate.
The anterior bar of an anteroposterior palatal bar major connector is a flat strap and is located as far posteriorly as possible to avoid rugae coverage and tongue interference.

Should be kept 0.5-1 mm away from the mucosa


Question: The hertwig's epithelial root sheath is essential to development of the root because it

Gives rise to cementoblasts that produce cementum of the root

Moulds the shape of roots and stimulates differentiation of odontoblasts

Given rise to odontoblasts that lay down dentin of the root

Remains as an essential constituent of the periodontal ligament


Question: If tooth is present at the time of birth is known as


Question: The organism least resistant to thermal inactivation is


Question: Minimum temperature required by the hot GP sticks to stimulate pulp is


Question: In tooth numbering system 55 indicates


Question: Adequate vestibular depth is important for


Question: Translatary movements of the condyle and the disk are controlled by

Capsular Ligament and suprahead of medial pterygoid

Capsular ligament and suprahead of Lateral pterygoid

Suprahead of medial and Lateral pterygoid

Capsular ligament and the infrahead of Lateral pterygoid


Question: The inclination of teeth towards Frankfort horizontal plane in Simon's classification is


Question: Soft tissue profile of a thumbsucking patient is


Question: The fluoride concentration in 8% stannous fluoride, topical application, is


Question: Scalogram is other name for


Question: Mucosa is involved in

In lichen planus there are oral and genital lesions. There is nail and scalp involvement also. All the other given conditions do not produce mucosal involvement. Iadvl textbook of dermatology


Question: An example of preadjusted appliance is


Question: The sign of smooth surface caries in children younger than 3 years of age can be categorized as

Definition
Though the literature does not provide a universally accepted definition for early childhood caries (ECC), American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) defines it as "the presence of one or more decayed (non-cavitated or cavitated lesions), missing (due to caries) or filled tooth surfaces" in any primary tooth in a child 71 months of age or younger.
In children younger than 3 years of age, any sign of smooth surface caries is indicative of severe early childhood caries (7-ECC). From ages 3 through 5, one or more cavitated, missing (due to caries) or filled smooth surfaces in primary maxillary an teeth or decayed, missing, or filled score of >4 (age 3), >5 (age 4), or >6 (age 5) surfaces constitutes S-ECC.
Reference: Pediatric Dentistry Principles and Practice SECOND EDITION, MS Muthu; pdf no 595


Question: The below skin lesion is associated with

The above image shows presence of "portwine stain" that typically occurs over the area supplied by ophthalmic division of Trigeminal nerve and persists throughout life.
It is associated with Sturge Weber syndrome characterized by portwine stain, ipsilateral brain malformations & focal seizures.


Question: Desensitizing paste has


Question: The oral epithelium is attached to the enamel via


Question: The rests of malassez in the periodontal ligament are derived from


Question: Granular layer is absent in

Granular layer is characteristically absent in ichthyosis vulgaris. iadvl textbook of dermatology page 700


Question: Annular herald’s patch is seen in

Herald’s patches are seen in Pityriasis rosea Some patients develop single patch 2 or 3 days earlier than the main eruption this is called Herald’s patch.
About Pityriasis Rosea Commonly seen in young adults
* Commonly found on upper trunks along cleavage lines
* The lesions are Scaly and erythematous* (cigarette paper scales are found)


Question: During soldering, the solidus temperature of the filler material should be


Question: In ideal occlusion, facial cusps of maxillary posterior teeth oppose


Question: Discolored areas seen through the enamel in the teeth that have amalgam restorations are known as


Question: Major goals of growth modification always is

The major goal of growth modification is to maximize skeletal changes and minimize dental changes produced by treatment.
Eg: Rapid palatal expansion (RPE)
The goal of RPE is to expand maxilla by expansion at mid palatal suture (skeletal) and not just expanding the dental arch by moving the teeth relative to the bone (dental).

to maximize dental changes and minimize skeletal changes


Question: While recording maxillary impression for edentulous patient, he is asked to move mandible from side to side to record

The coronoid process of the mandible should be checked and cleared on distobuccal border of impression tray. It is recorded by side to side movement of mandible.


Question: Kaposi varicelliform lesions is seen in

Kaposi varicelliform lesions is seen in Darier's disease. Kaposi varicelliform eruption is super-infection of an existing dermatosis by herpes simplex virus (Ref: Fitzpatrick 8th edn pg 555)


Question: Linear coefficient of thermal expansion of metal used in metal ceramic restoration range from


Question:
Acid base based polyacrylic cements have most
important property of


Question: Gold foil is prepared by


Question: In periodontal disease, calculus is considered as


Question: Keratoderma blennorrhagicum is seen in

keratoderma blemorrhagicum-hyper keratotic pustular lesions on erythematous base involving palms and soles.crusted thick horny lesions with thick scales. Lesions are seen in reiters disease. Iadvl textbook of dermatology page 1848


Question: The following term is used to describe the impact of school based health education programmes on parents.


Question: Rat tail file is also known as


Question: Eruption of Maxillary 2nd Premolar occur at


Question: Bolton analysis is used to determine


Question: A minor connector contacting the axial surface of an abutment should not be located on a


Question: Characteristic nail finding in lichen planus is

Pterygium formation is the characteristic nail finding in lichen planus of nails iadvl textbook of dermatology page 800


Question: The cavosurface angle formed in cast metal restorations is


Question: The deepest point between the anterior nasal spine and superior prosthion is


Question: The ratio of rates of occurrence is


Question: The root canal instrument most likely to break during use is a


Question: Auspitz sign is seen in

Auspitz sign is seen in psoriasis: Psoriasis lesions are covered with silvery-white mica-like scales. when scaling is not visible to diagnose unceain cases it is induced by light scratching. Successive removal of scales reveals underlying membrane with small bleeding spots where the thin supra-papillary epidermis has been torn off this sign of visible bleeding spots on the removal of scales is seen in psoriasis The Auspitz sign refers to the appearance of small bleeding points after successive layers of scale have been removed from the surface of psoriatic papules or plaques. Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1211


Question: Patch test is read after


Question: After enamel has been exposed to bacteria, irreversible bacterial colonization takes place in about


Question: Compared to cow's milk, mother's milk has more


Question: Radiolucency seen along the instrument while BMP is most probably


Question: Casal's paint necklace is caused by

Pellagra is characterised by deficiency of tryptophan, leading to photosensitivity on exposure to uv light three D'sof pellagra diarrhoea dermatitis dementia some impoant cutaneous features gauntlet of pellagra-sun burn over Dorsum of hands castles necklace- dermatitis over neck extending to anterior chest. cheliosis scarlet glossitis and stomatitis Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1345


Question: Trauma from occlusion does not effect


Question: Actinobacillus actinomycetam comitans is


Question: Dental pulp is derived from


Question: Pink tooth of Mummery


Question: Russel's periodontal index scores range from


Question: Amount of fluoride in amalgam is


Question: Wave length of UV A2 rays is

Ultraviolet light * Ultraviolet light (UV) is made up of: # Vacuum UVC (10-200 nm) # UVC (200-280 nm) # UVB (280-320 nm) # UVA (320-400 nm) divided into UVAII (320-340 nm) and UVAI (340-400 nm). Ref:- Review of Dermatology by Alikhan; pg num:-13


Question: The learning theory of digit sucking was proposed by

The learning theory: Davidson (1967)
This theory advocates that non-nutritive sucking stems from an adaptive response.
The infant associates sucking with such pleasurable feelings as hunger. These events are recalled by sucking the suitable objects available, mainly thumb or finger.


Question: In a patch of vitiligo

In a patch of vitiligo, there is a complete loss of melanocytes. In albinism, there is an absence of melanin. IADVL textbook of dermatology , page 754

Skin lesions and disorders of pigmentation


Question: The distance from the CEJ to the base of the pocket is a measure of

The periodontal examination includes probing pocket depth (distance from the gingival margin to the base of the pocket) and clinical attachment level (distance from the CEJ to the base of the pocket). Both of these measures are made using a periodontal probe. Gingival recession can be measured as the distance from the CEJ to the free gingival margin. Alveolar bone loss is measured radiographically


Question: Nursing bottle caries results from


Question: Growth of Condyle is by


Question: Prior to reimplantation tooth is soaked in 3% citric acid this is done to


Question: Cutting cone is


Question: The positive predictive value of a screening test depends on


Question: In periodontal disease, ground substance is dissolved by


Question: Reticular fibers found in periodontal ligament consist of


Question: Die is


Question: Keratin specific to epidermal type differentiation are


Question: Acrylic resins were first introduced as a denture base material in


Question: Specific gravity of enamel is


Question: The number on the handle of a root canal instrument denotes

Length of the instrument in 1/10 of a millimetre

Diameter at the tip in 1/100 of a millimetre

Diameter at the tip in 1/10 of a millimeter


Question: Condyloma acuminata is caused by

Condyloma accuminata (syn. genital warts)

Are caused by human papilloma virus that is transmitted by sexual contact.
Early lesion are pink conical papules.
Pink, fleshy pedunculated cauliflower like lesion are seen in advanced cases.
In women, genital warts are most commonly found on the vulva but they may line the vagina and cervix.
Rx:Topical podophyllin (20%) is usually effective. If chemical methods fail, the warts can be excised or they can be ablated with cryosurgery, electrosurgery or laser. Condyloma lata
is a broad & flat syphilitic condyloma located in warm, moist, intertrigenous area, especially about the anus & external genital.
It may become hypertrophic & erode to form a soft red mass with a moist, weeping surface called also flat Condyloma seen mainly in secondary


Question: Most plausible factor for dental implant fracture


Question: The index used to record the plaque score is


Question: Dendritic cell located in the stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium of the oral cavity include


Question:
The levels of nicotine in 6 cigarettes were 13.0, 11.8,
15.4, 17.4, 31.2 and 24.3 mg. The mean of these values is


Question: Full mouth disinfection therapy aims at


Question: The cutting efficiency of a bur is improved by


Question: Vismodegib is approved for treatment in

Mutations in Hh genes encoding the tumor-suppressor patched homolog 1 (PTCH1) and smoothened homolog (5MO) occur in BCC. Aberrant PTCH1 signaling is propagated by the nuclear transcription factors Gli1 and Gli2 which are salient in the development of BCC and have led to the FDA approval of an oral SMO inhibitor, Vismodegib, to treat advanced inoperable or metastatic BCC Vismodegib (trade name Erivedge /'erIvedZ/ ERR-i-vej) is a drug for the treatment of basal-cell carcinoma (BCC). The approval of vismodegib on January 30, 2012, represents the first Hedgehog signaling pathway targeting agent to gain U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval Mechanism of action: Vismodegib (Erivedge) is the first-in-class, oral small molecule inhibitor of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, abnormal activation of which is associated with basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Primary and secondary resistance to vismodegib has been documented, albeit at a low rate compared with some other targeted therapies Reference: Harrison Textbook of internal medicine; 19th edition pg 1234.


Question: Electronic apex locator is used in Endodontics to determine the


Question: Space maintenance is an example of


Question: Membrane coating granules may

Appear as circular with an amorphous core in keratinized epithelium

Helps in adhesion of fully keratinized epithelial cells


Question: KRI paste consists of

KRI paste contains iodoform and camphor.
It resorbs rapidly and has no undesirable effects on succedaneous teeth, contains bactericidal action


Question: Smoking


Question: Before an accurate face bow transfer record can be made, it is necessary to determine

The axial centre of opening closing rotation


Question: Provision of integrated preventive, curative and promotional health services are part of


Question: Subgingival calculus

cannot occur without supragingival calculus

contains less hydroxyapatite than supragingival calculus

derives its minerals from same source as supragingival calculus


Question: Most common type of psoriasis is

Psoriasis is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease charecterised by well defined erythematous plaque with silvery white scales. the distribution is variable, but mostly symmetrical and seen extensor areas. The scales are loosely adherent and on complete removal of scales, a red moist surface ( Burkeley membrane) is seen. On fuher scraping, punctate bleeding points are seen due to suprapapillary thinning and capillary dilation. it is called auspitz sign. Occasionally a surrounding zone of hypopigmentation is seen usually associated with treatment.It is called woronoff's ring and it is the first sign that patient is responding to treatment. The most common variety of psoriasis is called plaque-type. The other types are guttate psoriasis, inverse or flexural psoriasis ,pustular psoriasis, scalp psoriasis, palmoplantar psoriasis, nail psoriasis. Inverse psoriasis affects the interiginous regions, including the axilla, groin, submammary region, and navel; it also tends to affect the scalp, palms, and soles. Guttate psoriasis (eruptive psoriasis) is most common in children and young adults. It develops acutely in individuals without psoriasis or in those with chronic plaque psoriasis. Patients present with many small erythematous, scaling papules, frequently after upper respiratory tract infection with b-hemolytic streptococci pustular psoriasis, patients may have disease localized to the palms and soles, or the disease may be generalized. Regardless of the extent of disease, the skin is erythematous, with pustules and variable scale. Localized to the palms and soles, it is easily confused with eczema. Ref: Harrison 19e pg: 347


Question: Manual mulling is carried out for not more than

In mulling, the mixture is enveloped in a dry piece of rubber dam and vigorously rubbed between the first finger and thumb. This process should not exceed 2-5 seconds.
Reference: Marzouk Operative dentistry, pg-113


Question: Fluid flow in or out of the dentinal tubules is proportional to the tubule diameter by

fluid flow in dentin tubules follows Poiseuille’s law as all tubular structures:
Q=Pr4/8nl
Q= blood flow
P= pressure difference
N= velocity
R= radius of vessel
L= length of vessel


Question:
Fear of Strangers and Fear of Separation from parents for
the children will be diminished by


Question: Tooth whitening strip is


Question: Gingiva is attached to enamel by


Question: Barefoot doctor term has evolved from


Question: The anterior guidance between maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth has a direct influence on the direction of


Question: Causative organism of Tinea imbricatum is

Tinea imbricatum:- Caused by T. concentricum. Ref:- Review of Dermatology by Alikhan; pg num:-305


Question: Ridge soreness in denture patients may be associated with


Question: The main component of keratins in the stratum corneum is


Question: 30 year old female presents with a painful, red, warm nail fold since last 7 days. Patient is applying various home remidies like turmeric powder , warm saline compressions with out any relief .The most probable diagnosis is

Paronychia is inflammation around a finger or toenail. Paronychia is a nail disease that is an often tender bacterial or fungal infection of the hand or foot, where the nail and skin meet at the side or the base of a finger or toenail. The infection can sta suddenly (acute paronychia) or gradually (chronic paronychia) signs and symptoms: The skin typically presents as red, itchy, and hot, along with intense pain. Pus is usually present, along with gradual thickening and browning discoloration of the nail plate. Causes: *Acute paronychia is usually caused by bacteria. Paronychia is often treated with antibiotics, either topical or oral or both. Chronic paronychia is most often caused by a yeast infection of the soft tissues around the nail but can also be traced to a bacterial infection. If the infection is continuous, the cause is often fungal and needs antifungal cream or paint to be treated. Risk factors include repeatedly washing hands and trauma to the cuticle such as may occur from repeated nail biting. In the context of baending, it is known as bar rot. Prosector's paronychia is a primary inoculation of tuberculosis of the skin and nails, named after its association with prosectors, who prepare specimens for dissection. Paronychia around the entire nail is sometimes referred to as runaround paronychia. Painful paronychia in association with a scaly, erythematous, keratotic rash (papules and plaques) of the ears, nose, fingers, and toes may be indicative of acrokeratosis paraneoplastica, which is associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Paronychia can occur with diabetes, drug-induced immunosuppression,or systemic diseases such as pemphigus. Treatment: When no pus is present, warm soaks for acute paronychia are reasonable, even though there is a lack of evidence to suppo its use.Antibiotics such as clindamycin or cephalexin are also often used, the first being more effective in areas where MRSA is common.If there are signs of an abscess (the presence of pus) drainage is recommended. Chronic paronychia is treated by avoiding whatever is causing it, a topical antifungal, and a topical steroid. In those who do not improve following these measures, oral antifungals and steroids may be used or the nail fold may be removed surgically Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1234


Question: Pyogenic granuloma is

Granulation tissue overgrowth/ Non-Specific conditioned enlargement


Question: Duration of adolescent stage in boys is


Question: Shape of the interdental papilla in midline diastema cases is


Question: 1st evidence of calcification of Upper canine is seen in


Question: Percentage of distal root with two root canals in mandibular molar


Question: For National Immunization Programme, children surveyed in cluster sampling are

Cluster Random Sampling

Applicable when units of population are natural groups or clusters
Use in India: Evaluation of immunization coverage
WHO technique used: 30 x 7 technique (total = 210 children)
WHO technique used in CRS: 30 x 7 technique (total 210 children)

30 clusters, each containing
7 children who are 12 - 23 months age and are completely immunized for primary immunization (till Measles vaccine)
Clusters are heterogeneous within themselves but homogenous with respect to each other
Sampling interval is also calculated in CR5

Accuracy: Low error rate of only ± 5%
Limitation: Clusters cannot be compared with each other.


Question: Tinea mannum effects

tinea manuum it is the ringworm of the palmar skin - non glabrous skin of hand. most common organisms- t.rubrum, e.floccosum predisposing factors: poor circulation, anatomical deformities, occupation, rings, wrist bands and hyperhidrosis. clinical types: non inflammatory squamous type- hyperkeratotic lesions of palms inflammatory vesicular or dyshydrotic or eczematous form: vesicles over palms with eczematous changes Iadvl textbook of dermatology page 266


Question: Use of water spray during restorative procedures has the following advantages

Pulp is protected from the heat generated


Question: High heat obturation technique refers to


Question: The school health programme that incorporates motivation of patients through home visits is

North Carolina State-wide Preventive Dental Health Programme

School Health Additional Referral Programme (SHARP)


Question: In Kennedy's classification, the least common arch is


Question: Tongue epithelium is

Non keratinised, stratified and specialized


Question: A patient reports to the dentist with symptoms of joint involvement, obscure pain and discomfort and clicking sounds. The patient is a complete denture wearer. The denture should be checked for

Very Large denture base coverage (over extended denture)


Question: Efferent , Neuromodulatory , post ganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers of the pulp arise from


Question: Carbamide solution used for bleaching degrades into


Question: Ustekinumab is used in

Ustekinumab acts by blocking interleukin IL-12 and IL-23 which help to activate T-cells. Used to treat psoriasis, was also approved to treat Crohn's disease. Other biologics approved in psoriasis are anti-TNF alpha agents Etanercept, Adalimumab, Infliximab, Golimumab Ref: Harrison 19e pg: 348


Question: The record of the position of the patients maxillary ridge in relation to the condyles is the


Question: Pityriasis rosea  is caused by

Pitryiasis rosea is caused by HHV 7 > HHV 6


Question: Dietary fluoride supplements should be provided to children if water fluoride ppm is

The natural fluoride content of the water should first be determined. If the natural fluoride content is 0.6 ppm or higher, supplements should not be administered. If the fluoride content is below 0.6 ppm, the administration of fluoride should be considered.


Question: The first reference to mouth wash used for the treatment of disease of the gum is


Question: The most abundant group of fibres in the PDL are


Question: Enamel is laid down


Question: In a cast partial denture wearer, the stresses transferred to abutment teeth are decreased, if

Retentive arm of the clasp is less flexible

Clasp is active when placed on abutment teeth


Question: Erythema marginatum is seen in

The classic rash of Acute rheumatic fever is erythema marginatum, which begins as pink macules that clear centrally, leaving a serpiginous, spreading edge. Harrison 19e pg: 2152

Skin lesions and disorders of pigmentation


Question: The scoring given in periodontal index for gingivitis is


Question: Anatomic teeth should have cusp angle of


Question: In molecular biological methods in endodontics, the process of annealing the complementary bases of two single stranded DNA is known as


Question: The axiopulpal depth of the proximal box in class II cavity is


Question: For generic root form implant, each .25mm increase in diameter corresponds to increase in surface area by

With a greater surface area of implant-bone contact, less stress is transmitted to the bone, improving the implant prognosis. For a generic root-form implant design, each 0.25 mm increase in diameter corresponds to a surface area increase of 5% to 8%. Therefore, a cylinder root-form implant 1 mm greater in diameter will have a total surface area increase of 20% to 30%.


Question:
The dye used in the "Reductase enzyme" (caries activity
test) is


Question: The gingival finish Line on a tipped molar should be


Question: An example of rigid reversible impression material is


Question: New born infants are


Question: Maintenance of standards in dental education is the responsibility of


Question: Ductility Represents


Question: One of the following systemic diseases involving periodontal tissue is not a disorder of neutrophil function


Question: Ingram regimen is used in the treatment of

*Psoriasis is a long-lasting autoimmune disease characterized by patches of abnormal skin.These skin patches are typically red, dry, itchy, and scaly. On people with darker skin the patches may be purple in color. Psoriasis varies in severity from small, localized patches to complete body coverage.Injury to the skin can trigger psoriatic skin changes at that spot, which is known as the Koebner phenomenon. Goeckerman therapy is a regimen for treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis using a combination of crude coal tar and aificial ultraviolet radiation. It is a specialized form of light therapy. *First formulated in 1925 by American dermatologist William H. Goeckerman (1884-1954), Goeckerman therapy continues to be used due to its efficacy and safety profile.Individual institutions have modified the Goeckerman regimen and developed their own protocols. Standard therapy includes use of 2-4% crude coal tar in a petroleum base applied daily to the psoriatic plaques. The minimum period of time for tar application is 2-hours, although it has been recognized that greater periods of time produce better results. The patient is then exposed to broad-band ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, although narrow-band UVB may also be used.Laboratory studies have shown that the combination of coal tar and UV light reduces epidermal DNA synthesis. 1953, John Ingram, an English dermatologist, added topical anthralin paste to his Goeckerman regimen. This is known as the Ingram method. Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1290


Question: The total number of germ tooth present in a full form foetus is

Total number of tooth germs formed in human fetus is 52 (20 primary + 32 permanent). Third molar tooth germ initiated at 4 or 5 years. If you exclude the third molar tooth germs, the answer will be 48.


Question: Multiple regression analysis is applied to

Compare medians of two independent samples

Compare medians of several independent samples

Tests association between two categorical variables

Tests relation between dependent variable and several independent variables


Question: Least potent topical steroid

Least potent coicosteroids hydrocoisone 1% desonide 0.05% coisone 25% Fitzpatrick textbook of dermatology page 3363


Question: Syringe material is


Question: Number of tubules per unit area

The number of tubules per unit area is more at the pulpal end by 4 times than at their terminal end. Hence the intertubular dentin is well appreciated at the terminal end. The tubules generally have a doubly convex course, the primary curvature (often called ―S‖ shaped tubules), the first convexity of which is directed towards apex.


Question: MTA is used for


Question:
The pontic that should be used in the posterior
mandibular area is described by the term


Question: Materia alba

Is only salivary protein and food debris


Question: "Id" reaction is seen in

Dermatophytid reaction/I'd reaction it is a noninfective hypersensitivity reaction of the skin to the fungal antigens manifested at a site distant from the associated fungal infection criteria for I'd reaction: proven dermatophyte infection highly inflammatory.eg: kerion id eruption doesn't show any ring worm resolution of I'd with disappearance of fungus positive intradermal reaction to trichophyton treatment: treatment of primary fungal infection with antifungals. iadvl textbook of dermatologypage 272


Question:
Wright's clinical classification of children's cooperative
behaviour has categories


Question: Organic content of Dentin is

Dentin forms bulk of the tooth tissues and occupies both the crown and the root. It is surrounded by the enamel in the crown and cementum in the root. Physically and chemically it resembles bone. Dentin consists of 65% inorganic and 35% organic material. The organic substance consists mainly of type I collagen fibers embedded in ground substance of mucopolysaccharides. The inorganic component consists of plate shaped hydroxyapatite crystals.


Question: Myofunctional appliances are highly effective in Class II malocclusion with

Moderate to severe skeletal class II malocclusions are ideally suited for functional appliance treatment. Class II division 1 malocclusion exhibiting a class II skeletal tendency due to a short or retrognathic mandible can be considered functional therapy.
Class II Div. 2 type of malocclusion may be treated with functional appliances after correcting the axial inclinations of the maxillary anteriors.
Mild class III malocclusions which present with a reverse overjet and an average overbite can be regarded as potentially treatable with functional appliances.
Low angle cases (i.e., horizontal growers) respond well as most functional appliances encourage the development of posterior teeth.
High angle (vertical growers) class II cases are usually of 2 categories — those with increased overbite and those with some degree of open bite. The deep overbite type of high angle cases are successfully treated using functional appliances while the open bite type of case poses a special problem. Most functional appliances allow vertical development of the posterior dentoalveolar structures, which may induce unwanted backward rotation of the mandible.

Prognathic maxilla and retrognathic mandible

Normal maxilla and Retrognathic mandible

Retrognathic maxilla and normal mandible


Question: Kim et al classification system deals with

Kim et al classification of isthmus
Classification of the isthmus : by Hus & Kim et al
Type I - Is two or three canals with no notable communication.
Type II - Is two canals that possess a definite connection between the two main canals.
Type III - Is three canals that possess a definite connection between them.
Type IV- Is when the canals extend into the isthmus area.
Type V- Is the true connection or corridor throughout the section.


Question: Eruption of Maxillary Lateral incisor occur at


Question: Point angles in class II


Question: Retainer of choice in mandibular posterior teeth


Question: Upper limit of urinary mercury attributed to extensive amalgam restoration


Question: Enamel fracture without tooth structure loss or incomplete enamel fracture results from


Question: Type of psoriasis is

Guttate(gutta- drop) psoriasis is an eruptive, inflammatory type with showers of small papules and plaques over the trunk and limbs, rarely face. Lesions typically occur as an abrupt eruption following upper respiratory infection, especially due to b-hemolytic streptococci. prognosis is good with spontaneou resolution. Guttate psoriasis (eruptive psoriasis) is most common in children and young adults. Ref: Harrison 19e pg: 347; Fitzpatrick dermatology


Question: Head of each enamel rod is formed by

The bulk of the “head” of each rod is formed by one ameloblast, whereas three others contribute components to the “tail” of each rod. According to this interpretation, each rod is formed by four ameloblasts, and each ameloblast contributes to four different rods.


Question:
A	severely	incapacitating disturbance of	mental and
emotional development that causes problem in learning,
communication, and relating to others is


Question: Most objective sign of gingivitis is


Question: Max Joseph&;s space is a histopathological feature of

Max Joseph's space is a characteristic histological finding seen in lichen planus. These are small clefts formed due to dermoepidermal separation and basal cell degeneration character histopathology in lichen planus basal cell degeneration interface lymphocyte infiltration compact hyperkeratosis wedge shaped hypergranulosis- wickham straie saw tooth appearence Civattee bodies/ hyaline bodies-apoptosis basal cells. IADVL textbook of dermatology page 1078


Question: Angulation of a periodontal instrument refers to the

angle between the face of the blade and the shank

angle between the face of the blade and the tooth surface

angle between the shank and the tooth surface


Question: Inclined plane is constructed


Question: The term prevalence refer to the

Proportion of population affected by a disease


Question: Ectodermal cells in tooth bud are responsible for

Determination of shape of crown and root


Question: Back washing is a recommend technique for


Question: Tick the odd one out


Question: The accepted polymer to monomer ratio for packing of polymethyl methacrylate resin is


Question: Centric relation refers to the position of the condyles in


Question: The cavosurface angle for inlay cavity preparation


Question: Coupling agent present in composite


Question: Apical transportation is also known as


Question: The preferred gingival finish line for veneer metal restoration is


Question: Sorbitol acts in the prevention of dental caries by

Microorganisms Lack the enzyme to metabolize sorbitol


Question: The "circle of hebra" represents the main sites of involvement in

Circle of Hebra: Imaginary circle intersecting sites of predilection in Scabies ie; Areolae, axillae, elbow flexures, wrists, finger webs, umbilicus, lower abdomen, genitalia. Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1244


Question: The only one flexible minor connector is

that connecting clasp assembly to major connector

that connecting indirect retainer assembly to the major connector

that joining the denture base to major connector


Question: An area of rarefaction  in the lower premolar area indicates


Question: Perel Pontic is


Question: The masseteric notch in distobuccal corners of the mandibular denture is due to


Question: The most frequent curvature of maxillary first molar root is


Question:
Ratio of diameter of enamel rods in the DEJ to the
enamel surface is


Question: An eight year old boy presents with multiple umbilicated papules on trunk. Diagnosis is

Molluscum contagiosum is a viral infection that causes a mild skin rash. The rash looks like one or more small growths or wa-like bumps (called mollusca) that are usually pink, white, or skin-colored. The bumps are usually smooth and shiny or pearly-looking, and may have an indented center Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1334


Question: The cumulative effect of disease past and present upto the time of examination is termed


Question: A 5 year old male child has multiple hyperprigmented macules over the trunk. On rubbing the lesion with the rounded end of a pen, he developed uicarial wheal, confined to the border of the lesion. The most likely diagnosis is

Darriers sign : uicarial wheal produced in a lesion after it is firmly rubbed with a finger or rounded end of a pen, the wheal is strictly confined to the borders of the lesion. Seen in uicarial pigmentosa, and rarely with cutaneous lymphoma or histiocytosiS FITZPATRICK TEXTBOOK OF DERMATOLOGY , PAGE 12.


Question: Hydroxyapatite coating of dental implants was introduced by


Question: Most common oral manifestation of HIV infection is


Question: Keratoderma blenorrhagica is seen in

Keratoderma blenorrhagica is hyperkeratotic lesions over palms & soles which ooze pus.It is a cutaneaus manifestation of Reiter's disease characterized by triad of arthritis,urethritis & conjuctivitis.


Question: Calcium hydroxide is advocated as an inter appointment intracanal medication because of

Its ability to stimulate hard tissue formation


Question: Colorado stain is related to


Question: Non parametric test used to compare the medians of two independent samples


Question: Early & established stage of gingivitis is differentiated by increase in number of


Question: Radio opacity to composite resins is rendered by


Question: The study of disease frequency & distribution is


Question: Type of bone present on labial surface of anterior teeth


Question: In mammals independent and tough suspension for teeth is provided by


Question: The normal biting force in natural dentition and complete denture is


Question: The function of Langerhan's cells is


Question: Apical constriction is otherwise known as


Question: Leeway space of Nance is utilized in

Early mesial shift of first permanent molars

Late mesial shift of first permanent molars

Secondary spacing of first permanent molars


Question: A data collected for specific purpose and used for the same purpose is


Question:
The pontic design of choice in the appearance zone of
maxillary and mandibular bridge


Question: The CAT in pediatric dentistry is


Question: Crown root ratio in Permanent dentition is


Question: The biggest advantage of pulp revascularisation in endodontics is

No additional material such as TCP or MTA is required

After control of infection, it can be completed in a single visit


Question: The main bulk of dentin is formed by


Question: Fordyce disease most commonly involves

Fordyce spots most commonly involve the lips They are nothing but heterotopic sebaceous glands i.e. not associated with hair follicles They are asymptomatic but visible. Sebaceous Glands: Sebaceous Glands are lipid- producing glads that arise from hair follicle at the junction of infundibulum and isthmus. They are associated with hair follicle and termed as Pilosebaceous unit. The glands may also found in ceain non hairy sites such as Eyelids- Meibomian glands Nipples-Montgomerys glands Genitals-Tysons gland Lips-Fordyce spots Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1256


Question: Balancing side contacts in natural teeth

Direct the forces to the long axis of the tooth


Question: Keratohyaline granules are more evident in


Question: Spacing in anterior teeth in deciduous dentition


Question: Difference between the amount of chlorine added to the water and the amount of residual chlorine remaining at the end of a specific period of contact at a given temperature and pH of water.


Question: The diameter of labial bow of the maxillary plate


Question: Exanthema subitum is caused by

Exanthema subitum is caused by human herpesvirus 6 and 7 Most common exanthematic fever in children under 2 years of age. First fever for 3-5 days as fever subsides discrete rise pink maculopapules develop on neck and trunk and then elsewhere. After 1 or 2 days rash fades leaving no scaling and pigmentation Treatment: Most cases of HHV-6 infection get better on their own If encephalitis occurs ganciclovir or foscarnet may be useful Ref: Harrison 20th edition pg 1278


Question: Straight wire appliances is developed by


Question: Active GP consists of


Question: A 13 year old female patient, complains of bleeding from gums while brushing and has a history of deviated nasal septum. Extraoral examination reveals increased anterior facial height. Intraoral findings reveals erythematous gingiva and spontaneous bleeding on probing. These features are seen in patients with

A wide variety of local irritants can produce a hyperplastic type of gingivitis in children and young adults. The irritation to the gingival tissue produced by mouth breathing is often responsible for the development of the chronic hyperplastic form of gingivitis,  particularly in the maxillary arch. All these factors should be considered contributory to chronic nonspecific gingivitis and should be  corrected in the treatment of the condition.  The importance of thorough daily oral hygiene must be emphasized repeatedly to the patients.


Question: Kerion is a form of

Kerion or inflammatory type of tinea capitis: kerion is a inflammatory boggy swelling , indurated tender swelling that is studded with broken ,unbroken hairs , vesicles and pustules. There is sinus formation thick crusting.heals with scarring. Causative organism trichophyton verrucosum and trichophyton mentagrophytes iadvl textbook of dermatology page 255


Question: Mass media includes the following


Question: Lamellar bodies are seen in

Lamellar bodies (Odland bodies) are present in stratum granulosum which synthesize lipids that act as  glue to bind keratinocytes together tightly.


Question: Masticatory forces generated by a complete denture prosthesis is about


Question:
Microbrasion is a procedure in clinical orthodontics
performed to


Question: Pseudo pocket is seen in the

Base of the pocket and lies on alveolar bone


Question: Histogram is a


Question: Male component of pier abutment is placed on


Question: Limit of eccentricity of air rotor bur is


Question: A major factor determining the efficiency of bur is


Question: Average duration of treatment in multibacillary leprosy is

Duration of treatment for multibacillary leprosy is 12months which include 12 monthly pulses of rifampicin , clofazamine and dapsone. 12 pulses should be completed in 18 months. iadvl textbook of dermatology page 2084


Question: Virginia bridge is

Macroscopic mechanical retention resin retained FPDs ("virginia bridge")

Macroscopic mechanical retention resin retained fpd


Question:
In elderly patients distance between major and minor
apical foramina is


Question: Crown Height Space (CHS) for implant dentistry is measure from


Question: Principal fibres of periodontal ligament are attached to


Question: Incisal guidance can be made flatter by

Increasing vertical overlap and increasing horizontal overlap

Increasing vertical overlap and decreasing horizontal overlap

Decreasing vertical overlap and increasing horizontal overlap

Decreasing vertical overlap and decreasing horizontal overlap


Question: Javelle’s water is


Question: PMA index given by Schour and Massler is a method of assessing


Question: The thickness of the alginate impression material between the tray and the tissues should be at least


Question: Normal depth of gingival Sulcus in adult does not exceed


Question: The most retentive type of pin is


Question: Classify the following according to Kennedy's classification


Question: Patient can be diagnosed for improper oral hygiene maintenance by


Question: Wettability is increased by

It is directly proportional to contact angle

Adhesive forces are more important than cohesive


Question: Setting time of ZOE is best controlled by

The clinician can shorten setting time by adding a small amount of zinc acetate or additional accelerator or a drop of water in the paste before mixing or by extending the mixing time. Although these methods affect the property of the cement adversely, the use of a cool spatula and mixing slab is also effective in prolonging the setting time and is the recommended method to control setting time.

Reference: PHILLIPS’ SCIENCE OF DENTAL MATERIALS, 12th ed page no 179


Question: Basal bone is

That part of the bone embracing apices of root of teeth


Question: Osteoblast covering the periodontal surface of the alveolar bone constitute a


Question: At the CEJ cementum overlaps enamel about


Question: Angle at gingival bevel in class II inlay cavity


Question: The tensile strength of dental amalgam is


Question: Angle of Tip of an endodontic instrument


Question: Andrew's 5th key of occlusion is


Question:
Patient having tooth fracture without involving pulp
having sensitivity is due to

Due to extensive pressure created by occlusal contacts


Question: Intrinsic fibers of the cementum

Are perpendicular to surface of the root


Question: Oral medication used in the treatment of scabies.

Gama benzene hexachloride 1%lindane 12 -24 hrs a day/2hrs in children .used in caution in infants and children. Permethrin 5%cream -8-12 hrs at night. It act on the nerve cell membrane and disrupt sodium channel current . Used to treat scabies in pregnancy,lctation and infants more than 2 months of age. Benzoyl benzoate 25%emulsion left on body for 48hrs or 3 consecutive nights Crotamiton 10%lotion every night for 2days Malathion 0.5% liquid 6%precipitated sulphur daily night application for 3 days Oral Ivermectin 200ug/kg two doses at 10day interval GABA agonist and chloride channel opener. IADVL textbook of dermatology page 429


Question: Welsch regimen is used to treat

Welsch regimen is used to treat Actinomycotic mycetoma where "Amikacin & Cotrimoxazole" are given together.


Question: Increased amount of powder in zinc phosphate cement mixture will cause


Question: Die spacers are applied in several coats within…………………of the preparation line


Question: Stunned pulp is

Pulp does not respond for 6-8 weeks after trauma


Question: These nail changes are seen in

Fingernail involvement in psoriasis appears as punctate pitting, onycholysis, nail thickening, or subungual hyperkeratosis The nail matrix will have pitting, which appears as punctate depressions that are small, shallow, and various shapes and sizes. Characteristically, they are isolated and deep, though they may occur as regular lines or grid-like pattern. The nail is dull, rough, and fragile The nail bed may have "oil" spots, which are oval, salmon-coloured nail beds, and there may be onycholysis secondary to "oil" spots affecting hyponychium medially or laterally. Secondary infections may occur. The nail plate may become raised off the hyponychium (subungual hyperkeratosis). The most frequent signs of nail matrix disease are pitting, leukonychia, crumbling, and red spots in the lunula, whereas salmon patches or oil spots, subungual hyperkeratosis, onycholysis, and splinter hemorrhages represent changes of nail bed psoriasis Ref: Harrison 19e pg: 347; Fitzpatrick dermatology


Question: Based on Bokenkamp's grading of enlargements, an enlargement covering 3/4th of the crown is considered as


Question: The most toxic form of mercury is


Question: Choking off mechanism takes place after topical application of


Question: Gingival sulcus is V shaped and it barely permits the entrance of a


Question: Increased thickness of granular layer is found in

Hypergranulosis is seen in Lichen planus whereas Psariosis is characterized by absent granular layer.


Question:
Retained mandibular deciduous central incisors will 10
result in

Lingual eruption of mandibular permanent incisors

Labial eruption of mandibular permanent incisors

Impaction of mandibular permanent incisors

Ankylosis of mandibular permanent incisors


Question: A large exposure of pulp within 24 hours is treated by


Question: Diameter at D16 of file 35


Question: Myrmecia was are

Myrmecia was are plantar was which are deep and caused by HPV 1 Common was are caused by HPV 2 Plane was are caused by HPV 3 and 10 First-line therapy - salicylic acid Second-line therapy- Cryosurgery, intralesional immunotherapy, or pulsed dye laser therapy Third-line therapy- Bleomycin, surgical excision Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1245


Question: Crown completion of Maxillary Canine occur


Question: Vipeholm study is used in


Question: Buccal shelf lies between mandibular buccal frenum and the anterior edge of the


Question: Nikoisky's sign is positive in

Nikolsky's sign : Development of an erosion on surrounding normal skin following shearing pressure .Though this sign is characteristic for pemphigus group of disorders is not specific and can be elicited in burns and other skin disorders. Page no. 281 Reference IADVL's concise textbook of dermatology


Question: CARE stands for

Co-operative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere

Council of American Relief for Everybody

Central Association of Relief in Emergency

Children Association of Relief in Emergency


Question: The treatment of acute pulpitis is


Question: The thickness of rubber dam for children


Question: Crown completion of deciduous Mandibular 2nd molar occur


Question: Difference in width of permanent and primary incisors is

Incisal liability
When the central incisors erupt, these teeth use up essentially all of the excess space in the normal primary dentition. With the eruption of the lateral incisors, space becomes tight in both arches. The maxillary arch, on the average, has just enough space to accommodate the permanent lateral incisors when they erupt. In the mandibular arch, however, when the lateral incisors erupt, there is on the average 1.6 mm less space available for the four mandibular incisors than would be required to perfectly align them. This difference between the amount of space needed for the incisors and the amount available for them is called the incisor liability.
Textbook of Orthodontics, Gurkeerat Singh, 2nd Ed, pg-566


Question: Root canal treated tooth are hard to resorb because of

Lack of vitality of pulp results in loss of neuropeptides

Lack of differentiation of odontoclast because of no live cells


Question: Eruption of Mandibular 2nd molar occur at


Question: The most effective means of Limiting applied loads to abutment teeth in a distal extension partial denture is by

Maintaining a stable base tissue relationship


Question: The initial rapid bone resorption in apical periodontitis can be prevented by the administration of


Question:
The principle that 'the stimulus must be altered to elicit
a change in the response' is applied in


Question: LGV is caused by

LGV is caused by chlamydia trachomatis, serotypes, L1, L2, L3.


Question: The most common fluoride agent used in dentifrices are


Question: 1st evidence of calcification of Mandibular 1st molar is seen in


Question: Size of the bur for preparing lingual rest seat for an RPD


Question: The time duration taken for the periodontal fibers to realign themselves after orthodontic treatment is


Question: Ear papilloma is a type of

Ear papilloma is a type of wa.Squamous papillomas (SPs) are benign neoplastic lesions usually affecting the skin, oral mucosa, upper aerodigestive tract and genital organs. It is believed that the human papilloma virus (HPV) is an etiological factor of papillomas; thus, they are also called viral was Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1267


Question: Synthesis of enamel matrix proteins occurs in the


Question:
Examining a patient in dental office is equivalent to
community dental health if


Question: Oil drop is seen in

Oil drop sign is seen in nail psoriasis IADVL textbook of dermatology page 1035


Question: Frequent periodontal abscesses appear to be an important periodontal feature in


Question:
The retentive terminal of a clasp should always point
towards the


Question: Apexum device is

NiTi device for periapical debridement through root canals.

NiTi device to locate the apex of the root canal.

Stainless device for periapical debridement through root canals

Fiberoptic device to locate the apex of the root canal.


Question: A composite index combining indicators representing longevity, knowledge and income is


Question: Master cone is

First instrument using taking working length

Fully snug fit with accurate working length


Question: Average thickness of the periodontal ligament is


Question: "Inverted beer bottle appearance" is seen in

Lipodermatosclerosis or venous eczema is characterized by increased venous pressure (as in DVT, varicose veins) which allows escape of RBCs,WBCs and fibrinogen outside the vessels causing inflammatory changes over the skin.
This is seen typically over the ankle region giving "Inverted beer bottle appearance".


Question: Normal commensal of skin is

Its members are primarily facultative parasites and commensals of humans and other animals, living in and around the sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and other areas of the skin. One study found the Propionibacterium was the most prevalent human skin-associated genus of microorganisms Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1208


Question: The plaque removal effectiveness of powered toothbrush over manual toothbrush is best explained by


Question: Combination clasp consist of

Wrought wire reciprocal arm and cast retentive arm

Wrought retentive arm and cast reciprocal arm

Wrought reciprocal and wrought retentive arm


Question: Bifurcations and trifurcations are most commonly observed in


Question: Periodontal ligament is thinnest at


Question: Pathergy test is used for

Pathergy phenomenon is defined as a state of altered tissue reactivity that occurs in response to minor trauma Although the exact mechanisms underlying pathergy phenomenon are unknown, skin injury caused by needle prick apparently triggers a cutaneous inflammatory response . Types of pathergy tests: Oral pathergy test Site: lower lip. Skin pathergy test Site: A hairless area on the flexor aspect of the forearm sterile needle (20 gauge) prick or an intradermal injection of normal saline, monosodium urate (MSU) crystals or streptococcal antigens to perform the test. The procedure is performed on a hairless pa of the volar forearm. Generally, the needle is inseed veically or diagonally at an angle of 45deg to a depth of 3-5 mm. The needle should reach the dermis for a proper response. Clinical evaluation: Readings are taken after 48 hrs of the needle prick. A 1-2mm papule that is usually felt by palpation and which is surrounded by an erythematous halo is formed on the skin. The papule may remain as a papule or transform into a 1-5mm pustule. The pustule becomes prominent in 24 h, becomes maximum in size in 48 h, and disappears in 45 days. Erythema without induration is interpreted as a negative result. Conditions with positive pathergy phenomenon: Behcet's disease Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG): The pathergy test positivity at a rate of 25% has been repoed in the literature in PG patients. Aggressive surgical debridement or skin grafting is discouraged in these patients because of the risk of a pathergic response. Interferon alpha-treated chronic myeloid leukemia patients Sweets syndrome Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis Inflammatory bowel disease Healthy individuals Rarely in spondyloahropathies Ijdvl Sequeira FF, Daryani D. The oral and skin pathergy test. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2011 ;77:526-30. Available from: <a style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: ;" href="


Question: Maximum cumulative dose of isotretinoin should not exceed

Isotretinoin - Isomer of 13 cis retinoic acid Dose: 0.5-1 mg/kg/bwt Maximum cumulative dose: Should not exceed the maximum cumulative dose.


Question: RGD Motifs does not include

Sequence of A.A. in RGD motifs is Arginine, Glycine and Aspartate.


Question: Kappa statistics is used to measure


Question: Taper present in 20 number GT file is


Question: Kennedy class II condition derives its

Primary support from the tissue underlying the base and secondary support from the abutment teeth.

Primary support from the abutment teeth.

Primary support from the tissue underlying the base.

Primary support from the abutment teeth and secondary support from the tissue underlying the base.


Question:
Intra enamel depth preparation in porcelain laminate
veneer


Question: Concept of lingual orthodontic appliance was introduced by


Question: Pulpal pain response is

dull and throbbing when carried by myelinated C fibers.

dull and throbbing when carried by unmyelinated C fibers.

quick and sharp when carried by myelinated C libers.

quick and sharp when carried by unmyelinated C fibers.


Question: Best caries activity test used for field study is


Question: Genetic factors, Age, Gender & Socioeconomic status are also known as


Question: In chronic hyperplastic pulpitis, the response to vitality tests will be


Question: Anganwadi Worker (AWW) is appointed for population


Question: Bullous impetigo is caused by

Bulbous impetigo causative organism: staph aureus age: most common in neonates and infants bulle : thick walled and lasts for 2-3 days extend peripherally with central clearing iadvl textbook of dermatology page 228


Question: Major drawback of porcelain is


Question: Active search for disease in an apparently healthy individual is


Question: Gonion, menton and pogonion are located on


Question: Under light microscopy, an active synthetic cell demonstrates


Question: Minimum thickness for type I zinc phosphate cement should be


Question: Vital bleaching causes


Question: Highest fluoride content is characteristic of


Question: Solder and flux used for joining Elgiloy wires are


Question: Edge wise bonded brackets are used

With labial. arch wires at incisal and gingival edges of each bracket


Question: According to ISO classification powered instruments with high speed rotary can be classified as


Question: Vibrating line is on the

At the junction of muscularis uvulae and palatine muscle


Question: Groton's sign is seen in

Another form the rash takes is called Gottron's sign which are red or violet, sometimes scaly, slightly raised papules that erupt on any of the finger joints (the metacarpophalangeal joints or the interphalangeal joints). The most common signs and symptoms of dermatomyositis include: Skin changes. A violet-colored or dusky red rash develops, most commonly on your face and eyelids and on knuckles, elbows, knees, chest and back. The rash, which can be itchy and painful, is often the first sign of dermatomyositis Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1232


Question: The basic tools of measurement in epidemiology are


Question: Habits are classified into pressure and non pressure habits  by


Question: Enamel spindle are

Apart from this primary curvature the tubules show smaller undulations called secondary curvatures all along their course. Also, all along the course the tubules show lateral branches and terminal branches at their terminal end. The odontoblastic process which contain microtubules, microfilaments, and mitochondria extends into these branches. Few of the odontoblastic process cross the DEJ and they are known as enamel spindles


Question: Fluorides facilitates the precipitation into tooth structure of fluorapatite from calcium and phosphate ions present in saliva, replacing the following

Soluble salts containing manganese and carbonate


Question: Water fluoride concentration in areas with cold weather condition


Question: Root completion in primary teeth is by the age of


Question: For GV Black class V cavities, the retainer of choice is


Question: The impression material with lowest viscosity is

Impression plaster is a β-calcium sulfate hemihydrate used at a water/powder ratio of approximately 0.5 to 0.6. Its fluidity makes it suitable for making impressions of soft tissues in the uncompressed state, a characteristic of mucostatic impression material.
Ref: Phillips 12 ed page no 177


Question: pH of NaOCl is


Question: In a class II mesio occlusal inlay gingival bevel is at


Question: Sequence of endodontic instrumentation


Question: A butt joint is a


Question: Gillmore needle is used for

Testing the strength of plaster of paris

Evaluating the setting time of plaster of paris


Question: Heat hardening is the process done at

Heating 750°C and slowly cooling to zero degrees

Heating quickly upto 450°C followed by sudden quenching

Heating at 750° C and then quenching to room temperature


Question:
Polycarboxylate cement adhesive failure is most
commonly at


Question: Chromium is added to stainless steel as it provides


Question: Standard deviation to mean ratio denotes the


Question: Anatomic form of roots of teeth is determined by


Question: Hyperresponsiveness of monocytes leads to bone loss through


Question: Super abrasive is


Question: Apicoectomy is contraindicated in


Question: The confirmatory test for pulp vitality is

Analytical technology electrical pulp tester


Question: With slowly advancing enamel caries and rapid involvement of dentin type of dentin formed is


Question: 1st evidence of calcification of Upper 1st molar is seen in


Question: Medullary index of Human hair is

Medullary index has been in use for determining the species origin of hair; the index is 0.3 or less in human hairs; in animals it is more than 0.3. Ref:- Review of Dermatology by Alikhan; pg num:-11


Question: The average dry surface hardness (Rockwell hardness) of the Type IV stone is

The avenge dry surface hardness of the Type IV stones is approximately 92 (Rockwell hardness) and that of Type III stone is 82. Even though the surface of the Type IV stone is harder, care should be taken when the pattern is being carved.
Phillips Science of Dental Materials ed 12 pg 191


Question: Faulty registration of occlusion cannot be directly attributed to


Question: In deep older plaque

Streptococci and actinomyces are replaced by rod like organism

Streptococci are completely replaced by neisseria

Streptococci actinomyces and veilonella remain prominent

Actinomyces are completely replaced by streptococci


Question: 0.05% of NaF has concentration of F


Question: Direct procedure for fabrication of provisional restoration has a prime disadvantage of

However, the direct technique has significant disadvantages: potential tissue trauma from the polymerizing resin and inherently poorer marginal fit.


Question:
During activation of a scaling instrument, the facial
surface of the blade and the tooth surface should form an angle of


Question: A School based dental health education programme that emphasizes home activities for skill development


Question: Pterygium of nail is seen in

Pterygium of nail Pterygium unguis results from a scarring involving the nail fold extending onto the matrix. "dorsal pterygium" where proximal nail fold fuses to matrix and later to nail bed "ventral pterygium" where a distal extension of the hyponychium attaches to the undersurface of the nail plate thereby obliterating the distal nail groove. Dorsal pterygium is classically seen in lichen planus. It may also be seen in burns, cicatricial pemphigoid, dyskeratosis congenital, graft versus host disease, radiodermatitis, and lupus erythematosus. ventral pterygium is seen in leprosy, neurofibromatosis, subungual exostosis, lupus erythematosus, and systemic sclerosis. IADVL Textbook of dermatology page 1075


Question:
During eruption of lower lateral incisors left primary
canine is prematurely exfoliated

Extraction of right primary canine to prevent midline shift

Move the left permanent Lateral incisors towards midline

Move right permanent Lateral incisor towards midline


Question: Odontogenic pain


Question: The crown size modification technique was given by

- Mink and Hill have referred to methods of modifying steel crowns for primary and permanent teeth
- The oversized crown may be cut and the cut edges overlapped.
- The crown is replaced on the tooth to ensure that it now fits snugly at the cervical region, and a scratch is made at the overlapped margin. The crown is removed from the tooth and the overlapped material repositioned and welded. A small amount of solder is flowed over the outside margin. The crown is finished in the previously recommended manner and cemented to the prepared tooth.
- If the dentist encounters a tooth that is too large for the largest crown, a similar technique may be helpful. The crown may be cut on the buccal or lingual surface. After the crown has been adapted to the prepared tooth, an additional piece of 0.004-inch stainless steel band material may be welded into place. A small amount of solder should be added to the outer surface of the margins. The crown may then be contoured in the usual manner, polished, and cemented into place.


Question: Leukotoxin


Question: Connector's height for ceramic fixed partial dentures is


Question: The most widely recommended tool for removing plaque from proximal tooth surfaces


Question: Earliest sensation lost in leprosy is

The earliest manifestation of leprosy is the involvement of the cutaneous nerve, resulting in a loss of thermal sensation as the initial deficit and then evolving to involve other modalities like pain and touch. Sensory modalities subserved by larger fibers are lost in more advanced stages of the disease. Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1335


Question: Preventive Resin Restoration are indicated in

Preventive resin restoration (PRR) is a thin, resin coating applied to the deep pits and grooves or cavitated fissures of young permanent teeth. Simonsen in 1978 described this technique. In addition to restoring the caries, the remaining pits and fissueres are protected with sealants. PRR is also called as conservative adhesive resin restoration.
Depending on the extent and depth of the lesion, there are 3 types of PRR:
Type A- Suspicious pits and fissures where caries is limited to enamel.
Type B- Incipient lesion extending into dentin that is small and confined
Type C- Deep caries thereby requiring greater exploratory preparation in dentin.

Deep caries to prevent progress of lesion

Cavitated fissures which require restoration


Question: The most successful materials for soft liner applications have been


Question: Pseudo Nikolsky sign is seen in

Nikolsky sign is present in disorders with acantholysis where lateral pressure on normal skin around blister results in seperation of layers of epidermis and extension of blister. Ex: Pemphigus.
Pseudo Nikolsky sign is seen in Toxic Epidermic Necrolysis (TEN) where epidermal seperation is due to death of epidermal cells.


Question: 1st evidence of calcification of Mandibular canine is seen in


Question: Bite test is used for detection of


Question: In diet counseling to reduce caries


Question: Perforated trays are used with

Perforated trays are used for alginate impression material to mechanically hold the impression in tray with the help of perforations.


Question: Flaccid bullae with mucosal involvement and intraepidermal acantholysis are characteristic of

In pemphigus vulgaris skin involvement stas in the form of flaccid blisters. Cutaneous lesions are usually preceded by blisters and erosions of oral mucosa.HP shows a suprabasal cleft with bulla formation just above the basal layer with a tomb stone appearance and with blister cavity containing acantholytic cells and inflammatory cells.Page no 280,282. Reference IADVL's concise textbook of dermatology


Question: The tip diameter of a 245 bur used for conventional amalgam preparation is


Question: JW 17 according to Grossman’s classification is


Question: H.I.V. periodontitis is

characterized by remissions and exacerbations

characterized by necrosis and periodontal destruction

periodontitis is not seen in H.I.V. infection


Question: In patients requiring a lingual frenectomy

The denture should be made before the surgery is performed

The denture should be made immediately after the surgery is performed

The denture should be made six months after the surgery


Question: For air blasting of ceramic veneer the particle size of alumina is used


Question: Mark the consonant sounds requiring contact between the lips and teeth (labio dentals)


Question: Examination is carried in individual clinical practice corresponding terms in public health practice is


Question: Calculocementum


Question: The term ARCON was coined by


Question: Scattered diagram represents


Question: A well packed premeasured capsule without any leak releases mercury during


Question: Bulkeley membrane is seen in

Burkeleys membrane is seen while demonstrating Auspitz sign in chronic plaque psoriasis On grattage test - loosely adherent silvery white scales appear- When the scales are completely scraped off the stratum mucosum (basement membrane) is exposed and is seen as a moist red surface (membrane of Burkeley) On fuher scraping -dilated capillaries at the tip of elongated dermal papillae are torn, leading to multiple bleeding points . This is a characteristic feature of psoriasis and is known as Auspitz sign. It is attributed to parakeratosis, suprapapillary thinning of the stratum malphighii, elongation of dermal papillae and dilatation and touosity of the papillary capillaries. IADVL textbook of dermatology page 750


Question: 1st formed dental tissue


Question: Reversible pulpits is


Question: Extracted teeth should be preserved in

The teeth used for ground sections should not be allowed to dry out after extraction, because drying makes the hard tissues brittle and the enamel may chip off in the process of grinding. To avoid this, the extracted teeth are preserved in 10% formalin.


Question: Substantivity of chlorhexidine remains upto


Question: The two blocks in the twin block functional appliance are angulated at (Or) The angle of inclined plane in clarke's twin block is

"Twin - Block appliance" is the most acceptable functional appliance and was introduced by William Clark. The appliance consists of a upper and lower appliances with posterior bite blocks. The upper and lower bite blocks interlock at an 70°


Question: N2O more than 30 — 40% causes


Question: Incomplete casting is due to


Question: The continuous band of muscles constituting Buccinator mechanism is anchored at


Question: Bone blending is a technique employed for

Transplanting a mix of cancellous bone and hydroxyapatite crystals

Transplanting resorbable hydroxyapatite crystals only


Question: Stainless steel crown was introduced by


Question: Instrument having Shank with alternating cutting edges


Question: 1st evidence of calcification of Upper 2nd premolar is seen in


Question: Scratch sign is positive in

Scratch sign is present in Tinea versicolor, where firmly scratching the skin makes the scales visible.


Question: Reinforcement technique is based on


Question:
Appliance of choice in cases with anteroposterior
maxillary deficiency is


Question: Most common cause of Acute paronychia is

Most common cause of Acute paronychia: Staphylococcus
Most common cause of Chronic paronychia: candida.


Question: Reverse head gear is used mainly

Headgears that cause a forward pull. on maxilla are called reverse pull headgear. Facemask is one of the most common reverse pull headgears in use today.

To induce the growth of maxilla in skeletal retrusion

To inhibit growth of mandible in class-III malocclusion

To induce growth of mandible in class-III


Question: Optimum crown to root ratio of the tooth to be used as abutment is

Crown-Root Ratio:
This ratio is measure of the length of tooth occlusal to the alveolar crest of bone compared with the length of root embedded in the bone. As the level of the alveolar bone moves apically, the lever arm of that portion out of bone increases, and the chance for harmful lateral forces is increased. The optimum crown-root ratio for a tooth to be utilized as a fixed partial denture abutment is 2:3.
A ratio of 1:1 is the minimum ratio that is acceptable for a prospective abutment under normal circumstances.


Question: Absorption of mercury in the human body occurs least from


Question: A curvature of gingiva towards the roots found in the middle of the interproximal area between molars is termed as


Question: Curve of Monson is

Is a lateral molar curve with convexity facing downwards

Is a lateral premolar curve with convexity facing upwards


Question: A test has 80% sensitivity & 80% specificity. In 1000 population, 100 have disease, Cases missed for diagnosis are


Question: Hyalinisation of the periodontal Ligament, due to excessive orthodontic forces results in


Question: Cementum is primarily


Question: Tissue conditioning materials are


Question: Ultrasonic devices operate at


Question:
The	bacteria	responsible	for	causing	nursing	bottle
caries are

Streptococcus, Lactobacillus & Veillonella

Strereptococcus, Lactobacillus & Neisseria


Question: Third generation sealants are cured by


Question:
Terminal end of retentive arm of extra coronal retainer is
placed at


Question: Syneresis is associated with


Question: Posterior palatal seal is present on


Question: Apple jelly noddule is seen in

Lupus vulgaris o Lupus vulgaris is a chronic and progressive form of cutaneous tuberculosis that occurs in tuberculin sensive paents.
It is the most common type of cutaneous tuberculosis and has most variable presentaon.
Seen in children and young adults, though no age is exempted.
Occurs on exposed area like face (nose, eyelid, pinna); and somemes on buock, trunk.
 Lesions are usually solitary and characterized by : -
i. Reddish brown (erythematous).
ii. Annular in shape.
iii. Indurated.
iv. Slowly increases in size (gradually progressive).
v. Healing with ssue paper like scarring at centre (most common) or edge.
vi. Peripheral crusng.
vii. Blanching with glass slide (diascopy) will reveal grey green foci → Apple jelly nodules.
viii ) Match-sck test posive → Apple jelly nodule has no resistance to pressure by a sharp matchsck.
 Reappearance of new nodules within previously atrophic or scarred lesions is characterisc. Carlage (Ear, nose) in the affected area is progressively destroyed (Lupus vorax); bone is usually
spared. Buccal, nasal and conjucval mucosa may be involved primarily or by extension.
Treatment is antubercula


Question: 4th state of matter is


Question: Thickness of wax in inter occlusal records


Question: In complete denture teeth setting, to achieve a fully balanced occlusion

The posterior teeth should have 0° cuspal inclination

The most ideal is 33° cuspal inclination


Question: The intimal B cells of synovial membrane of temporomandibular joint are


Question: Experimental gingivitis was first reported by


Question: Protapers of same tip diameter are

PROTAPER INSTRUMERNTS

A unique feature of Pro Taper instructions is each one has changing percentage tapers over the length of the cutting blades.
Pro taper instruments have convex, triangular cross – sections, a changing helical angle and push over their cutting blades and a non-cutting, modified guiding tip.
The Pro Taper system is comprised of three Shaping and three Finishing instruments.


Question: Back pressure porosity can be avoided by

Placing the sprue at least one quarter inch away from the end of casting ring


Question: Rotary reamers are classified as


Question: The strength attained by amalgam within 8 hours is

The strength attained by amalgam within 8 hours is 70%.
Reference: Phillip’s Science of Dental Materials, Pg-353


Question: Donovanosis is caused by

DONOVANOSIS:-Granuloma venerum. Fouh veneral disease. Granuloma inguinale tropicum.Organism:-Calymmatobacterium granulomatis/ Klebsiella granulomatis .(closed safety pin morphology)Clinical features:-1. Painless papule at the site of entry.Becomes ulcerated and gradually develops into characteristic elevated, beefy red ulcero-granulomatous masses that bleed easily.2. Males Site-prepuce, frenum, glans penis and penoscrotal junction.3. Females- labia majora, mons veneris, and fourchette.Complications:-1. Fluctuant swelling develops in the inguinal region due to subcutaneous involvement lymphatics and is referred to as pseudobubo formation.2. Squamous cell carcinoma.{Reference: IADVL textbook of dermatology, vishalakshi Vishwanath. Pg no. 128.}


Question: Term mottled enamel was given by


Question: Xylitol is a low caloric sweetener inhibits the growth of


Question: Mushroom arch wire is used in

Mushroom-shaped lingual arch forms
Natural variations in facial–lingual tooth dimensions are significant enough on the lingual  aspects to require routine first-order bends. Distal to the cuspids, mesial to the molars and  sometimes at the maxillary laterals.
Fujita introduced the concept of ‘mushroom-shaped  archwire’ in conjunction with the lingual appliance.


Question: Examination of mouth of a patient with HIV/AIDS may commonly reveal


Question: "Satellite lesions" are seen in

Intertrigo is a candidal infection & inflammation of body folds characterized by satellite lesions i.e presence of daughter pustules at the periphery of a lesion.
Note: Satellite lesions are also seen in Borderline Tuberculoid type of Leprosy.


Question: Corrosion of Silver cones is due to presence of


Question: The ideal temperature of water bath for softening fluid wax is about


Question: "Tuberous sclerosis" is seen in


Question: Minimum bone width required for a 4 mm diameter implant is about


Question: Sago grain like lesions between fingers is characteristic of

Pompholyx, an endogenous eczema is a morphological variant of hand and foot eczema. It is characterized by palmoplantar vesiculation presenting as intensely itchy deep-seated vesicles resembling sago grains History of atopy is seen Responds to topical coicosteroids Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1267


Question: Anesthetic testing is most effective in localizing pain


Question: Psoriasis Vulgaris is associated with

Psoriasis Vulgaris is associated with HLA-Cw6 Behcet's disease with HLA-B51, and, spondyloahritides with HLA-B27. Significant HLA Class I and Class II Associations with Disease Spondyloahritides Ankylosing spondylitis Reactive ahritis (Reiter's) Acute anterior uveitis Reactive ahritis (Yersinia, Salmonella, Shigella, Chlamydia) Psoriatic spondylitis B27 Collagen-Vascular Diseases Juvenile ahritis, pauciaicular DR8, DR5 Rheumatoid ahritis DR4 Sjogren's syndrome DR3 Systemic lupus erythematosus DR3 DR2 Autoimmune Gut and Skin Gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac disease) DQ2 Chronic active hepatitis DR3 Dermatitis herpetiformis DR3 Psoriasis Vulgaris Cw6 Pemphigus Vulgaris DR4 DQ1 Bullous pemphigoid variant DQ7 Autoimmune Endocrine Type 1 diabetes mellitus DQ8 DR4 DR3 DR2 (Strong negative association, i.e., genetic association with protection from diabetes) Hypehyroidism (Graves') B8 DR3 Hypehyroidism (Japanese) B35 Adrenal insufficiency DR3 Autoimmune Neurologic Myasthenia gravis B8 Multiple sclerosis DR2 Other Behcet's disease B51 Congenital adrenal hyperplasia B47 Narcolepsy DR2 Goodpasture's syndrome (anti-GBM) DR2 Abacavir hypersensitivity B57 Ref: Harrison 19e pg: 373e-8


Question: "Interface dermatitis" is a histological feature of

Interface dermatitis includes diseases in which the primary pathology involves the dermo-epidermal junction. (hence called interface). The salient histological findings include basal cell vacuolization, apoptotic keratinocytes (colloid or Civatte bodies), and obscuring of the dermo-epidermal junction by inflammatory cells. Lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, lichen planus, graft versus host disease, erythema multiforme, fixed drug eruptions are some examples. Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1234


Question: Rogue is used to

Prevent flow of solder to unwanted areas

Covers the metal surface and prevents access to oxygen so that no oxide can form

Reduces any oxides present and exposes clean metal.

Dissolves any oxides present and carries them a)	away.


Question: In NiTi rotary electric handpiece, rotation should be


Question: Erysipelas is a skin infection often caused by

STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS * Gram-positive bacteria arranged in chains or pairs . * Not pa of normal cutaneous flora (but resident of aerodigestive tract and vagina). * Classification two methods: a) Ability to induce hemolysis (a, b, g) and/or b) Lancefield groups (A-D, G) based on characteristic polysaccharide cell wall * Of note, group A b-hemolytic streptococci (S. pyogenes, GAS) most pathogenic. Erysipelas (St. Anthony's Fire):- * Superficial type of cellulitis with significant dermal lymphatic involve-ment; typically due to GAS. * Presents as a well-defined, bright red indurated plaque with sharp, raised borders commonly on the face or legs, +- constitutional symptoms. Treatment of choice:- Penicillin (PCN) (if PCN allergic can use macrolide). Ref:- Sima Jain; pg num:-206


Question: Retromylohyoid fossa is an area posterior to mylohyoid muscle and is bounded by retromylohyoid curtain in edentulous mandible. Its posterolateral portion overlies

→ Retromylohyoid fossa is an area posterior to mylohyoid muscle and is bounded by retromylohyoid curtain in edentulous mandible.
→ Posterolateral portion overlies superior constrictor muscle, posteromedial overlies palatogolossus and tongue, and inferior portion overlies submandibular gland.


Question: An example for disclosing solution is


Question: Salt sensation is produced by


Question: Length of C.P.I.T.N. probe is


Question: Number of roots in maxillary 2nd molar is


Question: Telogen phase of hair cycle lasts for

Hair cycles:- anagen - catagen - telogen. 1) Anagen:- Hairgrowth phase, duration of phase determines length of hair, duration 2-6 years on scalp; 85% of hairs in this cycle at any one time. 2) Catagen:- Transitionalphase (regression); bulb regresses and IRS lost, 2-4 week duration on scalp; 2% hairs in this cycle. 3) Telogen:- Resting phase, proximal hair terminal is club-shaped instead of bulb-shaped, duration of cycle approximately 3 months in scalp; 15% of hairs in this cycle; dermal papilla located higher up in dermis during telogen. Ref:- Sima Jain; pg num:-13


Question: Complication of chronic Lichen planus

The complication of chronic lichen planus squamous cell carcinoma "Squamous cell carcinoma developing on oral lesions is uncommon but a potential danger, especially in ulcerated lesions" "There are repos of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma arising from long-standing lesions of hyperophic LP. Majority in lesions on the distal extremities Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1256


Question: Blood borne seeding of bacteria into an area of previously damaged or irritated pulp with a resultant inflammation is known as


Question: Working length of root canal is


Question: Subepidermal bullae is seen in

Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune pruritic skin disease preferentially in elderly people, that may involve the formation of blisters (bullae) in the space between the epidermal and dermal skin layers. The disorder is a type of pemphigoid. It is classified as a type II hypersensitivity reaction, with the formation of anti-hemidesmosome antibodies Pathophysiology: The bullae are formed by an immune reaction, initiated by the formation of IgG autoantibodies targeting Dystonin, also called Bullous Pemphigoid Antigen 1, and/or type XVII collagen, also called Bullous Pemphigoid Antigen 2, which is a component of hemidesmosomes. A different form of dystonin is associated with neuropathy. Following antibody targeting, a cascade of immunomodulators results in a variable surge of immune cells, including neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils coming to the affected area. Unclear events subsequently result in a separation along the dermoepidermal junction and eventually stretch bullae. Diagnosis: Diagnosis consist of at least 2 positive results out of 3 criteria (2-out-of-3 rule): (1) pruritus and/or predominant cutaneous blisters, (2)linear IgG and/or C3c deposits (in an n- serrated pattern) by direct immunofluorescence microscopy (DIF) on a skin biopsy specimen, and (3)positive epidermal side staining by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy on human salt-split skin (IIF SSS) on a serum sample. Routine H&E staining or ELISA tests do not add value to the initial diagnosis. Treatment: Treatments include class I topical steroids (clobetasol, halobetasol, etc.) , systemic prednisone and powerful steroid-free immunosuppressant medications, such as methotrexate, azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil. Some of these medications have the potential for severe adverse effects such as kidney and liver damage, increased susceptibility to infections, and bone marrow suppression. Antibiotics such as tetracycline or erythromycin may also control the disease, paicularly in patients who cannot use coicosteroids. The anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab has been found to be effective in treating some otherwise refractory cases of pemphigoid. Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1278


Question: Twelve year old boy with vesicle over lip. Investigation to be done is

Tzanck smear is a bed side test made by scrapping either floor of bulla( after deroofing). Or floor of erosion ( after removing crust). Or mucosal ( usually oral ) erosion . Stained with Giemsa stain. Acantholytic cells - rounded keratinocytes with relatively large nucleus and a condensed cytoplasm- seen in pemphigus group of disorders-pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceous balloning degeneration and multinucleated gaint cells - seen in herpes simplex, herpes zoster and varicella iadvl textbook of dermatology, page 110


Question: The maximum flow of inlay wax at 37°C is


Question: Extrusion of sealer from root apex will cause


Question: The difficulty in constructing C.D in a bell's palsy patient is


Question: Poly dimethyl siloxane based sealer

Gutta flow and Roeko seal are silicone based sealers all others are resin based sealers.


Question: Dentin formation begins in


Question: Eruption of Maxillary Canine occur at


Question: The commonly used laser for curing composite resin is


Question: The property common in amalgam and ceramic

Low compressive strength and high tensile strength

High compressive strength and low tensile strength

High compressive and high tensile strength


Question: Cafe au lait spots are seen in

Cafe lau ait spots are classically seen in neurofibromatosis :Cafe au lait spots, or cafe au lait macules, are flat, pigmented bihmarks.The name cafe au lait is French for "coffee with milk" and refers to their light-brown color. They are also called "giraffe spots," or "coast of Maine spots," which refers to their jagged borders They are caused by a collection of pigment-producing melanocytes in the epidermis of the skin. These spots are typically permanent and may grow or increase in number over time. Cafe au lait spots are often harmless but may be associated with syndromes such as neurofibromatosis type 1 and McCune-Albright syndrome Cafe au lait spots can arise from diverse and unrelated causes: Having six or more cafe au lait spots greater than 5 mm in diameter before pubey, or greater than 15 mm in diameter after pubey, is diagnostic feature of neurofibromatosis type I, but other features are required to diagnose NF-1. Familial multiple cafe au lait spots have been observed without NF-1 diagnosis. They can be caused by vitiligo in the rare McCune-Albright syndrome. Legius syndrome Fanconi anemia Idiopathic Ataxia-telangiectasia Basal cell nevus syndrome Benign congenital skin lesion Bloom syndrome Chediak-Higashi syndrome Congenital naevus Gaucher disease Hunter syndrome Jaffe-Campanacci syndrome Maffucci syndrome Multiple mucosal neuroma syndrome Noonan syndrome Silver-Russell syndrome Watson syndrome Tuberous Sclerosis Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1234


Question: The number of new cases of a specific disease occurring in a defined population during a specified period of time is known as