AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Cheondoism is a monotheistic religion and members believe a god called 'Hanul'. God is both transcendent and immanent in Heaven, Earth, and Man. It is not only the notion of God, but also view of human, moral, history are distinctive. When one dies, one does not go to some other-dimensional heaven, but returns to the One Being. The fundamental doctrine of the religion is that all human beings are equal because all people serve the god in their mind when born, so believers desperately oppose the hierarchy. And depending on equality for all, it insisted that children should be respected.
Cheondoism weakened by government suppression, but from the effort of second leader Si Hyung Choi. it recovered and in 1870, the number of believers extended for thousands. In 1880s, congregation was expanded to the entire Korean peninsula, and in 1890s, the religion led social movement of semi-feudalism and anti-foreign influence and this became Donghak Movement. In 1910s, it stirred up a revolution for liberation of the oppressed nation from Japanese imperialist rule.
Korail
Korail is the name of the national railroad operator in South Korea.
Currently, Korail runs the railway and part of subway.
The list of railway consists of Gyeonbu line경부선, Honam line호남선, Jeolla line전라선, Janghang line장항선, Gyeongchun line경춘선, Jungang line중앙선, Chungbuk line경북선, Yeongdong line영동선, Taebaek line태백선,Gyeongbuk line경북선, Daegu line대구선, donghae Nambu line동해 남부선, Gyeongjeon line경전선, Gyeongui line경의선, Gyeonwon line경원선, based on their district.
Gyeonbu and Honam line is the main lines that across the South Korean Peninsula. Not only this, Korail also offers Tongguen line통근선 service in some districts. In addition to these lines, some of subway lines of Seoul also are run by Korail.
Korail train contain many kinds of train such as KTX, saemaul-ho, mugunghwa-ho and nuriro.
KTX is the highest level of trains. It is served on Gyeongbu and Honam line.
Saemaul-ho train is next fastest and comfortable train after KTX. It is offered on wider range of lines than KTX.
Mugunghwa-ho train is more generally used as a low-priced but slow train. It is offered on almost all lines.
Nuriro train has similar level of price and speed with Mugunghwa-ho, but it serves less and shorter sections than the Mugunghwa-ho, from Seoul to Singchang.
Korail has many kinds of passes.
First, there are some passes available in specific area.
For example, with O-train pass, people can take O-train off the V-train on Jungang, Chungbuk, Yeongdong, Taebaek, and Gyeongbuk line.
Also, with S-train pass, you can take part of Gyeonbu, Honam, Jeolla, donghae Nambu, and Gyeongjeon line.
There is also a pass for youth, which is Rail-ro. People who are under 25 can use it in the summer and winter season.(June 1st - August 31th, December 31th - February 28th).
Korail offers a rail pass called Korea Rail Pass, or KR Pass for short, to foreign travellers. The pass lets foreign travellers take most of the trains that Korail runs, including KTX. But subways and tourist trains by Korail are not covered.
Foreigners living in South Korea for more than six months are not allowed to use the KR Pass. Korail has another pass for these people, the Happy Rail Pass, which is the same as the KR Pass but more expensive.
Korail also sells a Korea-Japan Joint Ticket together with JR Group, including both railways in South Korea and Japan, as well as a high-speed ferry trip between Korea and Japan (or a round trip, depending on the pass). However, the pass cannot be used for KTX, and the holders need to buy an extra ticket (with a 30% discount).
Korean mask
Korean masks have been used since the 6th century. The oldest mask in Korea is a lacquered mask that was excavated in one of the tumuli in Gyeongju. In the past, the masks were used for shamanistic ceremonies to drive away evil spirits or raise ghosts. Also, they were used for mask plays like "BongsanTalchum, SandaeNoli".
In Korea, "tal" means "mask". "Tal" is an ancient Chinese word that means a face, a tool for face, a mask, etc. The word "tal" means a "mask" and "disease" in Korea. That is why Korean masks normally represent the face of demons or monsters that cause various diseases. Ancient Korean believed that the mask of strong demons can drive weak demons out.
Mask plays have different themes. Basic themes are biting satire, ritual dances, exorcism rites, parody of human weaknesses, social evils and the privileged class.
A lot of "talchum", or plays, mock stereotyped of annoying personalities in the lower classes. The most distinguishing feature of the Korea mask plays is variations of specific lines in plays. According to actors and regions, the specific lines in plays can be changed. With regional variations, the mask play is usually performed on traditional holidays.
Korean masks used in shamanistic practices were made of wood. They had several coasts of lacquer to give the masks gloss and to and waterproof them for wearing. In Korea, many people have believed that the lacquer tree can drive away evil spirits. That is why Koreans used lacquered masks. The horrifying or grotesque masks were used in shamanistic practices for their ability to evoke fear, and humor, in ceremonial rites.
Anyang, Gyeonggi
Anyang is a city in South Korea.
It is in the Gyeonggi province of the city.
Anyang is located south east of Seoul.
The city has developed along the Anyang Stream, which is 32.2 km long. The city is divided into two halves; the Manan district and Dongan districts.
The Dongan district has about 356,566 people and the Manan district has about 216,714 people. Anyang is famous for Anyang yuwonji and the Anyang art park. It has seven mountains. Mt. Suri is the most famous one.
It has produced many celebrities like Rain, Kim Jong Kook, Kang Min, Niel.
Hyrule Warriors
Hyrule Warriors is a video game for the Wii U console. It is a crossover between "The Legend of Zelda" and "Dynasty Warriors" series. It was developed by Tecmo Koei and Nintendo. It is a spin-off game in "The Legend of Zelda" series. It was released on August 14, 2014.
The game plays like the "Dynasty Warriors" series, using the setting and characters from "The Legend of Zelda". The player controls Link to take on a large number of enemies from "The Legend of Zelda" series. The player can use weapons such as a sword and bombs, as well as Link's spin attack. Like in other "The Legend of Zelda" games, the player can get new items by finding and opening chests.
Tatsumi Fujinami
He was the innovator of both the Dragon sleeper and Dragon suplex wrestling movies. He used them as his finishing moves.
He has a son named Leona who is also a professional wrestler and made his debut on November 19, 2013.
On March 28, 2015, he was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by Ric Flair.
Kirby: Triple Deluxe
Kirby: Triple Deluxe is a "Kirby" video game for the Nintendo 3DS console. It is the 13th platform game in the series. It was developed by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo. It was released in Japan on January 11, 2014, in North America on May 2, 2014, and in Europe on May 16, 2014.
"Kirby: Triple Deluxe" is be a 2.5D (a type of game which plays like a 2D game, but has 3D graphics) platform game. Kirby is able to go into both the foreground and the background by using a special type of Warp Star, like in "Donkey Kong Country Returns".
Linear predictor function
Dere Street
Dere Street (later "Via Regia" in Scotland) was a Roman road in Britain. It ran between Eboracum (York) and
the Antonine Wall at Bo'ness (Veluniate), in what is now Scotland.
Dere Street still exists as the route of major roads, including the A1 and A68 just north of Corbridge.
Its name comes from the post Roman Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Deira, through which the first part of its route lies. It was sometimes referred to as "Watling Street" and marked on some maps as such. This can cause it to be confused with the Watling Street that linked Dover with Wroxeter.
Chris Furrh
Simplex algorithm
The Simplex algorithm is an algorithm which is used to solve problems of Linear programming or linear optimization. It was first used by George Dantzig in 1947, but other people like Kantorovich laid the foundations in 1939. The algorithm runs in two steps:
Step 2 is run multiple times: Each time, a given solution is improved, until this is no longer possible.
East 17
Suicide of Amanda Todd
Amanda Michelle Todd (born November 27, 1996) committed suicide on October 10, 2012 at the age of 15 at her home in Port Coquitlam, British Columbia, Canada. She was a sophomore when she died. On September 7, 2012, she posted a video on YouTube called "My Story: Struggling, bullying, suicide and self-harm". Todd's suicide was written about in lots of newspapers. Many news websites linked to Todd's video. It had 1,600,000 views by October 13, 2012. Todd's death made people pay attention to the issue of cyberbullying. People made memorial pages for Todd on Facebook. Some people posted mean comments on them.
On her YouTube video Todd revealed that she showed her breasts on a video chat. She got a message on Facebook from a man. The message said that if Todd did not show more parts of her body then he would post the pictures he had taken of her from the video chat to the Internet. The police came to her home to tell her that photos of her were sent to "everyone". Todd then got depression and panic disorder. She started abusing alcohol and drugs. Todd was asked by a boy to come to his house. The boy had a girlfriend but he acted like he liked Todd. She went to his house. The next week the boy's girlfriend appeared at Todd's school with fifteen other people. Todd was hurt really really bad and it was filmed by people who watched. When she went home she drank bleach. People made fun of her for doing this and wrote on Facebook that they wished that she had not survived.
A 35-year-old man was charged with extortion, internet luring, criminal harassment and child pornography in connection with Todd's suicide in 2014.
Janet Rowley
Janet Davison Rowley (April 5, 1925 - December 17, 2013) was an American geneticist. She was the first scientist to identify a chromosomal translocation as the cause of leukemia and other cancers in humans.
Rowley died at the age of 88 from complications of ovarian cancer.
Ronald Arthur "Ronnie" Biggs (8 August 1929 – 18 December 2013) was a British robber. He is took part in the Great Train Robbery of 1963. The robbery happened on his birthday.
Biggs was born in Stockwell, Lambeth, London. He escaped from prison in 1965 and lived as a fugitive for 36 years. In 2001, he chose to return to the United Kingdom and spent the next eight years in prison.
Biggs was released from prison on compassionate grounds on 6 August 2009. He died in Barnet, London, aged 84. His cause of death was not released.
HM Prison Wakefield
Her Majesty's Prison Wakefield is a Category A prison for men in Wakefield in England. Category A means that the prison is for the most dangerous criminals. It was built in 1594. It has about 740 prisoners. Harold Shipman was a prisoner there until he committed suicide in 2004. Ian Watkins was also a prisoner there.
Bruce Reynolds
Bruce Richard Reynolds (7 September 1931 – 28 February 2013) was a British criminal. He led the Great Train Robbery of 1963. At the time it was Britain's largest robbery. He stole an amount equal to £41 million today (2013). Reynolds spent five years on the run from police. He was imprisoned for 25 years in 1969. He was released in 1978. He wrote three books and performed with the band Alabama 3, for whom his son, Nick, plays.
Reynolds was born in Strand, London. He also had convictions for assault and supplying drugs.
He died in Croydon, London, at the age of 81.
Buster Edwards
Ronald Christopher Edwards (27 January 1931 – 28 November 1994), known as Buster Edwards, was a British career criminal. He was born in Lambeth, London. He was a member of the gang of the Great Train Robbery. He had also been a boxer and nightclub owner. Edwards was in prison for nine years.
Edwards died after hanging himself (suicide) in Lambeth, at the age of 63. His cause of death is still disputed because many people thought he was too drunk to have chosen to kill himself.
A biopic, "Buster", was released in 1988.
Brian Field
Brian Field (15 December 1934 – 27 April 1979) was a British clerk and criminal. He was one of the people who organised the Great Train Robbery of 1963.
Fields died in a car crash in London. He was aged 44. His wife also died in the crash.
Charlie Wilson (criminal)
Charles Frederick "Charlie" Wilson (30 June 1932 – 23 April 1990) was a British criminal. He was born in Battersea, London. He was a member of the Great Train Robbery gang. He was shot dead by a hitman on a bicycle in 1990 when he was living in Marbella, Spain.
Operation Uphold Democracy
Operation Uphold Democracy was a military operation in Haiti. It was led by the United States, with help from Argentina and Poland. It lasted from 19 September 1994, to 31 March 1995.
In 1991, the Haitian army overthrew Haiti's legally elected president, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, and created a new military government. The goal of Operation Uphold Democracy was to remove this military government and bring President Aristide back to power. The operation was protected and supported by the United Nations through Security Council Resolution 940, passed on 31 July 1994.
Operation Uphold Democracy was successful, bringing President Aristide back into control of the Haitian government.
Connemara () is a district in the west of the Republic of Ireland. The Owenglin River flows into the sea at An Clochán/Clifden. At first, Connemara was divided into North and South Connemara. The mountains of the Twelve Bens and the Owenglin River were the natural boundaries between the two parts.
Actor Peter O'Toole was born here in 1932.
County Galway
West Riding of Yorkshire
The West Riding of Yorkshire is one of the three historic subdivisions of Yorkshire, England. From 1889 to 1974 the administrative county, "County of York, West Riding" (abbreviated: "County of York (WR)") (the area under the control of West Riding County Council), was based closely on the historic boundaries. The lieutenancy at that time included the City of York and as such was named "West Riding of the County of York and the County of the City of York".[3]
Its boundaries roughly correspond to the present ceremonial counties of West Yorkshire, South Yorkshire and the Craven, Harrogate and Selby districts of North Yorkshire, along with smaller parts in Lancashire (for example, the parishes of Barnoldswick, Bracewell, Brogden and Salterforth became part of the Pendle district of Lancashire and the parishes of Great Mitton, Newsholme and Bowland Forest Low became part of the Ribble Valley district also in Lancashire), Cumbria, Greater Manchester and, since 1996, the unitary East Riding of Yorkshire.
Venus (movie)
Smart grid
An invoice is a document used in commerce, particularly in retail. It is made by a person or company who is selling something to a customer (or "buyer"). The invoice is given to the customer as a request for payment. It lists the goods or service provided to the customer, along with the price being charged for each of them.
Once the customer has paid for the goods or services, they may be given a receipt. The receipt is the customer's proof that they have paid for the products. A receipt is not the same thing as an invoice.
From the seller's point of view, an invoice is called the "sales invoice". From the buyer's point of view, an invoice is called the "purchase invoice".
Stan Stennett
Stanley Llewelyn Stennett (30 July 1925 – 26 November 2013) was a Welsh comedian, actor and jazz musician. He was known for his roles in "Coronation Street" and "Casualty".
Stennett died in hospital in Cardiff, at the age of 88.
Elmet
Elmet () was an independent Brittonic kingdom. It occupied the area of what was later the West Riding of Yorkshire. Elmet appears in records during the Early Middle Ages between the 5th century and early 7th century. Its neighbor to the east was the Anglian kingdom of Deira. The Anglian kingdom of Mercia was to the south. To the west it bordered on the Irish Sea. Elmet was the last surviving British kingdom in the early Anglo-Saxon period.
Elmet emerged from Roman Britain as a British kingdom. The "Elmetsæte" (people of Elmet) were listed in Tribal Hidage as 600 hides. Elmet may have originally been a of the Brigantes. Ceredig, the last king of Elmet, was defeated in 617 by Edwin of Deira around Leeds in the south Pennines. Edwin expelled Ceredig from Elmet and from that time on Elmet was a part of Northumbria.
The kings of Elmet had a royal residence at Campodonum (possibly near Doncaster) and another at Loidis (Leeds). The Elmetsæte were apparently Christian, at least by the time they were conquered by Northumbria. Bede wrote of an named Thrydwulf and his monastery in Elmet wood.
Elmet (UK Parliament constituency)
Elmet was a county constituency in West Yorkshire. This is seat in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by a simple majority of votes.
From 1997 the MP (member of Parliament) was Colin Burgon of Labour. Burgon did not stand in the 2010 general election. The constituency was created in 1983 to cover the far eastern wards of Leeds and neighbouring areas.
Electrical machine
Gaia (spacecraft)
Gaia is a space observatory. It was launched by the European Space Agency (ESA) on 19 December 2013. The mission aims to compile a 3D space catalogue of about one billion astronomical objects.
It will study about 1% of the Milky way population. A successor to the "Hipparcos" mission, it is part of ESA's Horizon 2000 Plus long-term scientific program. Gaia will monitor each of its target stars about 70 times over a period of five years.
Gaia will create an extremely precise three-dimensional map of stars throughout the Milky Way galaxy and map their motions. This data is a product of the origin and subsequent evolution of the Milky Way. The spectroscopic measurements will find the physical properties of each star observed, their luminosity, temperature, gravity and elemental composition. Distances to about 20 million stars will be measured by annual parallax.
The massive stellar census will provide the basic observational data. With the data, astronomers hope to tackle a range of important problems, like the origin, structure, and evolutionary history of our galaxy. Large numbers of quasars, galaxies, extrasolar planets and Solar System bodies will be measured at the same time.
Gaia was launched using a Soyuz rocket from its Guiana Space Centre (GSC) in French Guiana. It is in a Lissajous orbit around the Sun–Earth L Lagrangian point. As of April 2018 it has measured approximately a billion stars and other objects.
Space observatory
A space observatory or a space telescope is any instrument (such as a telescope) in outer space which is used for observation of distant objects. Planets, stars, galaxies, and other outer space objects may be viewed and recorded. This category does not include observatories in space which are pointed toward the earth for the purpose of reconnaissance, meteorology and other types of information gathering.
All observation of space from Earth is filtered through the Earth's atmosphere. The atmosphere filters and distorts what is seen and recorded.
Satellite-based telescopes opened up the Universe to human eyes. Turbulence in the Earth's atmosphere blurs images taken by ground-based telescopes, an effect known as seeing. It is this effect that makes stars "twinkle" in the sky. As a result, the pictures taken by satellite telescopes in visible light (for example, by the Hubble Space Telescope) are much clearer than Earth-based telescopes, even though Earth-based telescopes are very large.
Space-based astronomy is vital for frequency ranges outside the optical and radio windows. For example, X-ray astronomy is nearly impossible when done from the Earth. It has reached its present importance in astronomy due to orbiting X-ray telescopes. Infrared and ultraviolet are also largely blocked by the atmosphere. Most space observatories are in low Earth orbit.
In 1946, American theoretical astrophysicist Lyman Spitzer was the first to propose a telescope in outer space, a decade before the Soviet Union launched the first satellite, "Sputnik".
Spitzer said a large telescope in space, above the Earth's atmosphere, would see better. His efforts resulted in the world's first space-based optical telescope, "Hubble Space Telescope", which was launched on April 20, 1990 by the Space Shuttle "Discovery" (STS-31).
Leeds City College
Leeds City College is a college in the City of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is for further education, that is, education after finishing the compulsory years of secondary school. It is the largest college for further education in Leeds. It has around 57,000 students, and 2,300 staff. It makes about £78 million each year.
Curve fitting
Curve fitting is constructing a mathematical function which best fits a set of data points.
Curve fitting may involve either interpolation or smoothing. Using interpolation requires an exact fit to the data. With smoothing, a "smooth" function is constructed, that fit the data approximately. A related topic is regression analysis, which focuses more on questions of statistical inference such as how much uncertainty is present in a curve that is fit to data observed with random errors.
Fitted curves can be used to help data visualization, to guess values of a function where no data is available, and to summarize the relationships among two or more variables. Extrapolation refers to the use of a fitted curve beyond the range of the observed data. This is subject to a degree of uncertainty, since it may reflect the method used to construct the curve as much as it reflects the observed data.
Common Brittonic
Common Brittonic (also called Common Brythonic, British, Old Brythonic, or Old Brittonic) was an ancient language spoken in Britain. It was the language of the Celtic people known as the Britons. By the 6th century it split into several Brittonic languages: Welsh, Cumbric, Cornish, and Breton.
Common Brittonic is descended from Proto-Celtic, a hypothetical parent language. By the first half of the first millennium BC it was already dividing into separate dialects or languages. There is some evidence that the Pictish language may have had close ties to Common Brittonic and might be a fifth branch.
Evidence from Welsh shows a great influence from Latin on Common Brittonic during the Roman period. This is particularly true of the Church and Christianity, which are nearly all Latin derivatives. Common Brittonic was replaced in most of Scotland by Gaelic. South of the Firth of Forth it was replaced by Old English (which later developed into Scots). Common Brittonic survived into the Middle Ages in Southern Scotland and Cumbria. Common Brittonic was gradually replaced by English throughout England. In the north of England, Cumbric disappeared as late as the 13th century. In the south, the Cornish was a dead language by the 19th century. There were some attempts to revitalize it have met with some success.
NES Remix
Worms Cathedral
The Cathedral of St Peter () is a church in Worms, southern Germany. It was the seat of the Catholic Bishopric (diocese) of Worms before it broke up in 1800. Today, the former cathedral is a Catholic parish church and "basilica minor". Worms Cathedral is where Martin Luther presented his theses on reforms to church authorities.
The cathedral has three bells, all of which are housed in the southeast tower. They were cast in 1947 by Albert Junker to replace the old sound of the four bells destroyed in World War II.
Trinity Church, Worms
The Holy Trinity Church (German: "Dreifaltigkeitskirche") is the largest Protestant church in Worms, Germany. It was built between 1701 and 1717. The baroque hall building is centrally located on the market square and is very close to the cathedral.
Hammer Bro.
Hammer Bro., also called Hammer Brothers or Hammer Bros., is an enemy from the "Mario" series of video games. It is a type of Koopa Troopa that walks on two feet and attacks by throwing hammers at the player character. There are different types of Hammer Bro. that are named after the attack that they use, such as the Boomerang Bro. and the Fire Bro. The Hammer Bro. has appeared in many "Mario" games since its first appearance in "Super Mario Bros.", including spin-off games such as the "Mario Party" games.
Rassilon
Greg Montgomery
Greg Montgomery (October 29, 1964 – August 23, 2020) was an American football punter. He played nine seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Houston Oilers from 1988 to 1993, Detroit Lions in 1994 and the Baltimore Ravens from 1996 to 1997.
Montgomery was born in Morristown, New Jersey.
He was drafted out of Michigan State University by the Houston Oilers in 1988. He retired in 1997. He was on the All-Time team for Michigan State University.
He was diagnosed with bipolar disorder in 1997.
Montgomery died on August 23, 2020 in Grand Rapids, Michigan at the age of 55.
Buchi Emecheta
Buchi Emecheta OBE (21 July 1944, in Yaba, Lagos – 25 January 2017 in London) was a Nigerian writer. Her first novel, "In the Ditch", was published in 1972. Her second novel was published in 1974. The novel is set in London, where Emecheta lived when she wrote it. Emecheta's most well known novel is "The Joys of Motherhood".
Emecheta married Sylvester Onwordi when she was sixteen. She had two children. In 1962 she moved with her husband to London. There she had three more children.
Emecheta died in her sleep at her home in London on 25 January 2017 from complications of a stroke, aged 72.
João Havelange
Jean-Marie Faustin Goedefroid "João" de Havelange (born May 8, 1916 - 16 august 2016) was a Brazilian association football administrator. He was the 7th President of FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). He was elected to the position in 1974. He resigned in 1998, after 24 years in charge.
He was elected as an honorary president of FIFA in 1998 after he left office. He resigned in 2013 due to "health and personal reasons".
Havelange was a swimmer at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. He was also part of the team that tied for 13th in water polo at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki.
4 (Beyoncé album)
4 is the fourth studio album by American singer and songwriter Beyoncé Knowles. It was released June 24, 2011. Seven singles were released from the album. "Run the World (Girls)" was the first single from the album. Pitchfork gave the album a score of 8 out of 10.
The single "Love on Top" won the Best Traditional R&B Performance Award at the Grammy Awards. The album has sold three million copies. The third song on the album "I Miss You" was written by Frank Ocean.
Iman (model)
Iman Mohamed Abdulmajid (born July 25, 1955), known as Iman, is a Somali-American supermodel. In 1992, she played a queen in Michael Jackson's music video "Remember the Time".
Iman was born in Mogadishu, the capital city of Somalia. She went to high school in Egypt. Iman then studied political science at the University of Nairobi in Kenya.
Photographer Peter Beard saw her on a street in Nairobi and asked if she had even been photographed. When he said he would pay her she asked if he would give her $8,000 and he said yes. That day he took photographs of her. He then took them back to New York. Iman was signed to the modeling agency Wilhelmina.
In 1994 Iman started "Iman Cosmetics". Iman Cosmetics makes makeup for women with dark skin.
Iman's first book, "I Am Iman", was published in 2001.
In 1978, Iman married American basketball player Spencer Haywood. She had a daughter with him called Zulekha. She works for Iman's cosmetics company. Iman divorced Haywood in 1987. In 1992, Iman married David Bowie. In 2000, she gave birth to their daughter Alexandria Zahra Jones. Iman and Bowie stayed together until his death on January 10, 2016.
Kabomani tapir
Heptarchy
The heptarchy (, "seven" + "realm") is a collective name applied to seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. These were: Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Sussex and Wessex. The Anglo-Saxon kingdoms eventually became the Kingdom of England. The term has been in use since the 16th century. It is used to apply both to the seven kingdoms and to the time period in which they existed.
The idea of a heptarchy, a group of seven independent kingdoms, is thought to have come from the English historian Henry of Huntingdon in the 12th century. He listed the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in his "Historia Anglorum" (History of the English People). Bede, however, set up the idea that several kingdoms were more dominant than others (at different times). He created a list of kings who dominated the other kingdoms. The dividing line between these kingdoms was the River Humber. Northumbria (Deira and Bernicia) was the northern kingdom while the remaining kingdoms were those of the southern English. The actual term 'heptarchy' was first used in the 16th century by William Lambarde. His 1568 woodcut map is the earliest known use of the term.
The term heptarchy is sometimes used to imply a between the kingdoms that did not exist. From the 6th century to the 9th century these were simply seven kingdoms set up by the Germanic invaders and their descendants. There was little equality between them. Northumbria, Mercia and Wessex were the most powerful of the seven and often dominated the others. The kingdoms were gradually reduced in number. The heptarchy basically ended with the coming of the Vikings. The term heptarchy was popular among scholars from the 16th to the 19th centuries but is occasionally used today.
Originally Bede listed seven kings who held authority over the other kingdoms in England at the time. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle lists the eighth bretwalda:
Two Mercian kings of the 8th century can be considered bretwaldas also:
The seven kingdoms were:
Thomas Szasz
Thomas Stephen Szasz (April 15, 1920 – September 8, 2012) was a psychiatrist and academic. He was a libertarian. In 1961 Szasz's third and most well known book, "The Myth of Mental Illness: Foundations of a Theory of Personal Conduct", was published. Szasz died when he was 92.
Szasz was born in Budapest in Hungary to Jewish parents. He grew up speaking German and Hungarian. He also spoke French. In 1938 Szasz moved with his family to the United States. He studied medicine at the University of Cincinnati. However, he was more interested in politics and philosophy. In 1956 Szasz became a professor of psychiatry at the State University of New York in Syracuse.
Szasz was a heretic in psychiatry. This means that his opinions were very different to the ideas generally accepted within psychiatry. He said that psychiatry is a pseudoscience. He compared it to religion. In "Schizophrenia: The Sacred Symbol of Psychiatry", Szasz argued that schizophrenia is a symbol that is 'worshipped' by psychiatrists in the same way that Christians worship Christ. He said that mental illness is not an illness of the brain but "problems of living". People described Szasz as being 'anti psychiatry'. In response to this Szasz wrote a book called "Antipsychiatry: Quackery Squared". He believed that mental hospitals are like prisons.
He argued that "death control", or the right to killing oneself, is a human right like birth control. However, he was against euthanasia by the state. Szasz did not believe that drug addiction is a disease. Instead, he thought that it is a social habit. He thought that drugs should be made legal.
Szasz was an atheist.
Masdar City (, ) is a planned city, which is being built in the United Arab Emirates.
Magnus (wrestler)
Nick Aldis (born 6 November 1986) is an English professional wrestler. He currently works for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling under the ring name, Magnus. He is a former TNA World Heavyweight Champion and was the first English person to hold the title.
He was also known for being a member of The British Invasion with Doug Williams and Rob Terry.
Before becoming a professional wrestler, he appeared on the British revival of the television show "Gladiators". He performed under the stage name Oblivion. Aside from wrestling, he is a co-presenter of "Britain's Strongest Man" on Challenge TV.
Husayn ibn Ali
Husayn ibn Ali (11 or 13 January 626 CE – 13 October 680 CE) was the third Imam of Shia Islam. He was the son of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth Caliph and first Imam of Shia Islam. His mother was Fatimah Zahra, the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad and wife of Ali. He was also the younger brother of Hasan ibn Ali, the second Imam of Shia Islam.
Husayn ibn Ali is known as a great figure in Islam. He refused to submit to Yazid I, the Umayyad caliph. For this he was killed at the Battle of Karbala, along with most of his family. He is regarded as a martyr by Muslims.
United States v. Windsor
United States v. Windsor was a court case heard by the United States Supreme Court. The court's decision was historically important for marriage law in the U.S. It was also important for LGBT rights.
The court decided that defining "marriage" as a union between one man and one woman (as husband and wife) was unconstitutional (against the Constitution). This specifically related to Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), a law passed in 1996. This defined "marriage" for federal (national) law in the United States. It defined it as being between one man and one woman. In "United States v. Windsor", the court decided that this definition was against the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. In the U.S., the Constitution protects the rights of citizens, and no individual law can take those rights away.
The basis for the case was the right to benefits for same-sex married couples; the same right held by heterosexual married couples. Edith Windsor and Thea Spyer, a same-sex couple living in New York, were married in Canada in 2007. Spyer died in 2009, leaving everything she owned to Windsor. Under the law, widows do not have to pay tax on anything they inherited from their dead spouse. Windsor tried to claim this exemption. She was barred from doing so by Section 3 of DOMA, which said that the word "spouse" only applies to a marriage between a man and woman. The Internal Revenue Service denied Windsor's claim, and demanded that she pay $363,053 in inheritance taxes.
After Windsor won the case, "Time" magazine named her the third most influential person of the year in 2013.
Mniophila
Mniophila is a genus of leaf beetles. It can be found nearly everywhere in Europe.
It contains two species:
Lythraria
Lythraria is a genus of leaf beetles. It was first described in 1897 by Ernest Marie Louis Bedel. It contains a single species: "Lythraria salicariae".
This species lives is found in Europe, the Caucasus, across northern Asia to Korea and Japan.
Hippuriphila modeeri
Dibolia
Dibolia is a genus of leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae).
Species in this genus can be found nearly everywhere in Europe.
Species were first organised into this group in 1829, by Pierre André Latreille.
Batophila aerata
Altica ericeti
WCW Monday Nitro
WCW Monday Nitro was a professional wrestling television program for World Championship Wrestling (WCW). The show ran from September 4, 1995 to March 26, 2001 and had 286 episodes.
When Nitro debuted it started a ratings battle which became known as the "Monday Night Wars" between WCW and WWF which lasted almost six years. WCW started the nWo storyline which helped them gain more viewers than the WWF. They would continue to defeat the WWF in viewers for 84 consecutive weeks which forced WWF owner Vince McMahon to change the style of wrestling his promotion was doing and introduce The Attitude Era. As the nWo storyline became stale, fans turned from WCW to watch the WWF.
On the January 4, 1999 episode of Nitro, commentator Tony Schiavone gave away the results to Raw which included underdog Mick Foley defeating The Rock saying:
Bischoff thought that in doing this, viewers would be put off by this and would not watch Raw. His plan backfired however and a lot of Nitro viewers changed the channel to watch Raw because they were excited to see the underdog Foley win the championship. The fans switched back to Nitro after Foley won but from that week on, Nitro was beat by Raw in the ratings by a large amount and WCW was never able to regain their former success.
Ned Vizzini
Edison Price "Ned" Vizzini (April 4, 1981 - December 19, 2013) was an American writer. He is best known for writing "It's Kind of a Funny Story". In 2010 a movie of the novel was released. Vizzini had depression. He spent a week in a psychiatric hospital in 2004 after he called a suicide hotline. He based "It's Kind of a Funny Story" on his experience there. Vizzini was found dead on December 19, 2013 in New York. He had killed himself by jumping off a building.
Vizzini was born in Brooklyn in New York City. He went to Stuyvesant High School.
Vizzini's first book "It's Kind of a Funny Story" was published in 2006.
Too Cool was a professional wrestling tag team and stable that competed in WWE/F 1998 to 2001.
The members of the tag team were Scott Taylor/Scotty 2 Hotty and Brian Christopher/Grandmaster Sexay. Rikishi joined in late 1999 to make Too Cool a stable.
The members of the stable were portrayed as hip hop fans and they would dancing around the ring while lights flashed and music played. This also included a famous moment when all three members entered the Royal Rumble and Rikishi eliminated all the participants in the ring except Sexay. Rikishi looked like he was going to eliminate Sexay but Scotty entered the match next and they danced to their music while the Rumble match was still ongoing. Rikishi eliminated the other two members when their dance segment was over. They quickly became very popular with fans.
On the January 6, 2014 episode of "Raw" titled "Old School Raw", Too Cool reunited with Rikishi and they defeated 3MB (Heath Slater, Drew McIntyre and Jinder Mahal) in a six-man tag team match. It marked the first time in thirteen and a half years that all three members of Too Cool had competed in a six-man tag team match. Too Cool also competed at "NXT Arrival" in a match for the NXT Tag Team Championships against The Ascension but they were unable to win the titles.
Propofol is a drug that is used to put animals (including humans) to sleep. Propofol is injected into a vein. It takes about 40 seconds to work.
Some people use propofol for fun. If they use it a lot they can become addicted. In 2009 the American pop musician Michael Jackson was killed by an overdose of propofol. The propofol was given to Jackson by his doctor Conrad Murray. Murray was sentenced to four years in prison for the involuntary manslaughter of Jackson. This made the public more aware of the dangers of the drug.
A rare side effect of propofol is propofol infusion syndrome. It is most common in children. It often causes death.
St Antony's College, Oxford
H. Robert Horvitz
Howard Robert Horvitz (born May 8, 1947 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American biologist of Jewish descent.
He is best known for the research he did on the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans and he won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2002 for "discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death". He shared the prize with Sydney Brenner and John E. Sulston.
He earned a BS in Mathematics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and a PhD in Biology from Harvard University in 1974.
Nae Lăzărescu
Nae Lăzărescu (8 September 1941 – 19 December 2013) was a Romanian television, stage and movie actor. He was also a comedian.
He was born in Bucharest. His career began in 1963.
Lăzărescu died of chronic liver disease, in Bucharest. He was aged 72. He will be buried on 21 December in Focșani, Vrancea County.
Gottfried Böhm
Gottfried Böhm (January 23, 1920 – June 9, 2021) was a German architect. In 1986, he became the first German architect to be honored with a Pritzker Prize.
Böhm turned 100 in January 2020. He died on June 9, 2021 in Cologne at the age of 101.
Pro Wrestling Noah
Pro Wrestling Noah (PW Noah or Noah) is an Japanese professional wrestling company. It was founded by Mitsuharu Misawa in 2000. Misawa started the company after he left All Japan Pro Wrestling. He did not like the direction Giant Baba's widow Motoko Baba was putting the company in.
On June 13, 2009, Misawa was in a tag team match where he teamed with Go Shiozaki against Akitoshi Saito and Bison Smith. After Misawa took a belly to back suplex from Saito, he lost consciousness and was taken to a hospital where he was pronounced dead at 10:10 p.m. JST from to spinal damage.
Akira Taue was named as Misawa's successor and the new President of Pro Wrestling Noah on June 27, 2009.
In January 2020, the company was purchased by CyberAgent.
Pro Wrestling Illustrated is the monthly American professional wrestling magazine published by the Kappa Publishing Group.
The PWI has also ranked a list of the top 500 professional wrestlers each year since 1991. As of 2013, only Jushin Liger has appeared in every edition of the PWI 500. The first woman to be ranked in the list was Jacqueline Moore who was ranked #249 in 1993.
Pro Wrestling Illustrated gives out many different awards every year. The awards they currently give out are:
Becket (movie)
Becket is a British and American drama movie. It was directed by Peter Glenville and produced by Hal B. Wallis. It stars Peter O'Toole as King Henry II. It also stars John Gielgud and Richard Burton. It was released on March 11, 1964
The Lion in Winter is a British historical drama movie. It was directed by Anthony Harvey. It stars Peter O'Toole as Henry II of England, Katharine Hepburn as Eleanor of Aquitaine, and Anthony Hopkins and Timothy Dalton as their sons. Its music was composed by John Barry. It was released on October 30, 1968.
Goodbye, Mr. Chips is an American musical movie. It is directed by Herbert Ross. It stars Peter O'Toole, Petula Clark, Michael Redgrave, Siân Phillips, and Alison Leggatt. It was released on November 15, 1969.
The Ruling Class is a British dark comedy-drama movie. It was directed by Peter Medak. It stars Peter O'Toole in a double-role (playing two people) and Arthur Lowe. It was released on September 13, 1973.
The Stunt Man
My Favorite Year
Conor O'Brian
Ryan Parmeter (born February 6, 1980) is an American professional wrestler. He currently works for the WWE under the ring name, Konnor. He is also known under his former ring name, Conor O'Brian. He is currently part of The Ascension along with Viktor where he is one-half of the NXT Tag Team champions.
He was formerly in the WWE from 2005 to 2008 but both Parmeter and his girlfriend who was also employed with the company asked for their released due to health problems. He was re-signed by the WWE on July 14, 2010 and was sent to their FCW developmental territory. He competed on the fourth season of NXT but was the second person eliminated. He also competed on the fifth season of NXT titled "NXT Redemption" but was eliminated fourth.
Parmeter won the NXT Tag Team Championship with Viktor on September 12, 2013 when they defeated Adrian Neville and Corey Graves.
Siân Phillips
Dame Siân Phillips (; born Jane Elizabeth Ailwên Phillips, 14 May 1933) is a Welsh actress. She was married to actor Peter O'Toole. She is also known for her roles in "Becket" and in "Goodbye, Mr. Chips".
Man of La Mancha (movie)
Man of La Mancha is an American drama movie. It is directed by Arthur Hiller. It stars Peter O'Toole, Sophia Loren and Ian Richardson. It was released on December 11, 1972.
Pygmalion (1983 movie)
Laurence Olivier Award
Jeffrey Bernard is Unwell
Standard Liège
Standard Liège (full name: Royal Standard Club de Liège) is a football club from Liège in Belgium. The club is playing in the Belgian Pro League, the top level in Belgium.
Essex (kingdom)
The Kingdom of the East Saxons (), was also called the Kingdom of Essex. It was one of the seven kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. Essex was founded in the 6th century. The kingdom of Essex covered the area of the modern English counties of Essex, Hertfordshire, Middlesex and (for a short while) Kent. Kings of Essex frequently found themselves under the control of other Anglo-Saxon overlords. The territory of the East Saxons included the two Roman provincial capitals of Colchester and, for a time, London. In the Tribal Hidage the East Saxons were listed at 7,000 hides.
When they arrived in England the Saxons, like the Angles, Jutes and Frisians, were Pagans. After the Saxons gained control of Kent they set themselves up in the territory of Essex. The first attempts to convert the East Saxons to Christianity came in 604 with the arrival of Bishop (later Saint) Mellitus in London. Athelberht (King of Kent was the overlord of southern England and helped in the conversion of King Saebert of Essex. Athelberht built and endowed St. Pauls in London, where St. Paul’s Cathedral now stands. After the death of Saebert in 616, Mellitus was driven out and the kingdom reverted to paganism. King Oswi of Northumbria convinced King Sigebert of Essex to become Christian. Sigebert then invited Chad to become Bishop of London. By 874 the Great Heathen Army held much of Essex. They established bases from which they attacked other parts of England. In 825 the kingdom of the East Saxons became part of Wessex.
St Catherine's College, Oxford
St. Catherine's College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. It is commonly referred to as "Catz". The college was founded in 1962, but its origins are older. In 1862, a "Delegacy for Unattached Students" was formed in Oxford. Students could join the Delegacy to become members of the University without being members of a college. Many students could not afford the cost of belonging to a college. The Delegacy came to be called "St. Catharine's [sic.] Club" after the name of the building at which its members met. In 1931, the Delegacy was officially renamed "St. Catherine's Society".
The Society obtained authority to become a full college in 1956. It purchased land from Merton College and built a modernist campus designed by Danish architect Arne Jacobsen. The College opened in 1962. It first admitted women students in 1974.
Dr. Luigi
Dr. Luigi a puzzle video game for the Wii U console. It was developed by Nintendo and Arika. It was released in North America on December 31, 2013, and in Europe on January 15, 2014.
The gameplay of "Dr. Luigi" is to make sure vitamins of the same color are lined up together. There are three colors of vitamins: red, blue, and yellow. The player has to clear the field of viruses by dropping capsules with two colors on them. The player moves the capsules as they fall by moving them left or right and rotating them. The player gets points by killing viruses. The game ends if the bottle fills up with capsules.
There are four different modes. "Retro Remedy" is played like other "Dr. Mario" games. In "Operation L", capsules that are shaped like an L are dropped into the playing field. In "Virus Buster", players hold the Wii U GamePad vertically, and use the controller's touch screen to drop the capsules onto the playing field. In "Online Battle", players can play against other people through online multiplayer.
Tetris Attack is a puzzle video game for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy that was released in 1996. It was developed by Intelligent Systems and published by Nintendo. It is the first game in the "Puzzle League" series. It was originally known as "Panel de Pon" in Japan and had different characters, but the characters were replaced with characters from "" when the game was made in English.
Players clear blocks that come down by lining them up in horizontal or vertical lines of three or more blocks. The lines have to have the same kind of block. As new blocks come down, the playfield rises. If it makes it to the top, the player loses. The player can stop the playfield from rising by clearing blocks. In two-player games, clearing more than one line at once making combos causes "garbage" blocks to come down on the opponent's side of the field. Garbage blocks can be cleared by clearing lines below it.