AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
On Oahu, Hawaii, there is a white form of the Monarch. This is because two species of birds have been introduced. The two birds are known as the red-vented bulbul and the red-whiskered bulbul. They were introduced in 1965 and 1966. They are now the most common insectivorous birds. They are probably the only birds that eat insects as big as the monarch. Monarchs in Hawaii have low cardiac glycoside levels, but the birds may be immune to the chemical. The two bird species eat the caterpillars and sometimes the chrysalids. They look for them on branches and the underside of leaves in milkweed bushes. The birds also eat resting adults and egg-laying females. They eat flying monarchs less often. The white form has a higher chance of living than the orange one. The white form does not fit the birds' search image of a normal monarch, and so it is not eaten. This kind of defense is known as apostatic selection. The white form is also camouflaged in patches of light shining through groups of leaves.
Parasites include the tachinid flies "Sturmia convergens" and "Lesperia archippivora". Caterpillars that have the "Lesperia archippivora" maggots inside them will finish their last molt. They will then hang upside down on a horizontal surface. They die before they turn into a chrysalis. At that time one white maggot comes out of the caterpillar. The maggot then forms a brown pupa on the ground.
The bacteria "Micrococcus flacidifex danai" also infects the caterpillar and causes “black death”. Just before turning into a chrysalis, the caterpillar will find a horizontal surface. They die a few hours later. The body turns black shortly after. The bacteria "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" causes infections in weakened insects. It is a common cause of death in insects that are raised in laboratories.
The monarch is the state insect of Alabama, Idaho, Illinois, Minnesota, and Texas. It is the state butterfly of
Vermont and West Virginia.
It was nominated in 1990 as the national insect of the United States of America. It was nominated along with the honeybee ("Apis mellifera"). However, the legislation did not pass.
Many people like to attract monarchs by growing a butterfly garden with the plant "Asclepias physocarpa". Others like raising them for fun or for educational purposes. have been made for migrating Monarchs. The sanctuaries are found at the monarch's favorite overwintering places. These migrations can create a lot of tourism revenue.
Many schools also enjoy caring for monarchs. They start with caterpillars. When the caterpillars mature into butterflies, they are then set free into the wild.
Some organizations, such as the Cape May Bird Observatory, have monarch labeling programs. Labels are placed on the wing of the butterfly. The labels have information on them. This helps scientists track the monarchs during their migration. It also helps the scientists study the paths that the monarchs take on their migration.
Adult Monarchs have been seen on a number of different nectar plants. Here is a list of some of them:
Males will also take in water and minerals from damp soil and small, wet rocks. This is known as "puddling". The Monarch has also been seen puddling at an oil stain on pavement.
Here is a list of plants that the Monarch caterpillar eats:
Naturalism (philosophy)
Naturalism is "the idea or belief that nothing exists beyond the natural world". It is the belief that "the natural world is the whole of reality". The term was first used this way in English in 1750.
It is a kind of philosophy called metaphysical, because it covers everything: "nature is all there is, and all basic truths are truths of nature".
All the things and powers which are commonly called supernatural, such as God, souls or witchcraft do not exist, according to this position.
Methodological or scientific naturalism is concerned with practical methods for acquiring knowledge.
Many scientists use the scientific method for their research. Hypotheses are be explained and tested only by reference to natural causes and events.
Explanations for observations are only useful when they are based on hypotheses of natural causes. An explanation that relies on a natural mechanism that works according to certain rules is usable. Explanations that need miracles to work are not.
Methodological naturalism is the principle underlying all of modern science. Some philosophers extend this idea, so that it applies to all of philosophy as well. Science and philosophy, according to this view, are said to form a continuum. W.V. Quine, George Santayana, and other philosophers have advocated this view.
A number of other philosophical ideas are similar to naturalism:
Heinz Sielmann
Heinz Sielmann (June 2 1917 in Rheydt, Germany – October 6 2006 in Munich) was a world famous wildlife photographer, zoologist and documentary filmmaker.
Heinz Sielmann was degree in Biology and specialized in Zoology, in 1940, at the Imperial Posen University (Poland).
His work includes award-winning movies like "Lords of the Forest" (better known in the USA under its title "Masters of the Congo Jungle" (1959), the English version narrated by Orson Welles, "Galapagos - Dream Island in the Pacific" (1962), "Vanishing Wilderness", and "The Mystery of Animal Behavior".
His series "Expeditionen ins Tierreich" ("Expeditions into the Animal Kingdom") broadcast on national German Television from 1965 to 1991, made him well known in Germany.
Green Screen is an international wildlife movie festival. Since 2007 it takes place every year in Eckernförde, Germany. The festival shows full-length and short movies about animals. It is the only festival of its kind in Germany.
The awarded trophy is made of natural sand.
The festival also shows classic nature documentaries.
Since 2008 a special prize for filmmakers is named after the famous filmmaker Heinz Sielmann.
Lars Petrus
Lars Petrus (born in 1960) is a speedcuber from Sweden. He invented a method of solving the Rubik's Cube very quickly. He became the Swedish national champion of speedcubing in 1982. He finished fourth overall at the first official Rubik's Cube World Championships held in Budapest. He later published his own special method, known as the Petrus method, on the internet.
The Rite of Spring ("Le Sacre du Printemps") is a ballet in two parts. The entire ballet was a concept developed by Igor Stravinsky. He wrote the music. The set and costumes were designed by Nicholas Roerich. The dances, which Stravinsky hated, were choreographed by Vaslav Nijinsky. Stravinsky complained that Nijinsky had no understanding of the rudiments of music.
The ballet was first performed by Diaghilev's Ballets Russes at the Theatre du Champs-Élysées in Paris on 29 May 1913. The dress rehearsal met with approval from critics and invited guests, but the premiere was greeted with tumult and riot only stilled by the performance of Marie Piltz as the sacrificial maiden. Subsequent performances were received with growing appreciation, but the ballet's great difficulties forced it to be presented only six times.
The ballet was revived in 1920 by the Ballets Russes, but the music had been performed in its entirety in concert before the revival. Nijinsky's dances had been forgotten so Leonide Massine (who had not seen the original performances) designed the dances anew. These met with Stravinsky's approval. In 1940, Walt Disney used the music to accompany a segment of the animated movie "Fantasia". This segment depicted lumbering dinosaurs and smoldering volcanoes.
The music lasts about 40 minutes, and is divided into two parts. It has the subtitle "Pictures from Pagan Russia". Stravinsky had the idea of composing music which was about country people from old times in Russia who danced a fertility rite. This means: a ceremony which is supposed to bring good luck to the next year’s harvest. In this ancient Russian dance, one young girl is chosen to dance and dance until she dies. She is the sacrifice. She is sacrificed to the god of spring.
The painter Nicholas Roerich talked with Stravinsky about the idea for this ballet in 1910. Stravinsky started writing down musical ideas while he was still working on his ballet "The Firebird". Then he worked on "Petrushka". In 1912 he was able to concentrate on "The Rite of Spring". All these ballets were composed for Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. They were a very famous group of Russian dancers who worked in Europe, mostly in Paris.
"The Rite of Spring" was first performed by the Ballets Russes on 29 May 1913 at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées in Paris. The conductor was Pierre Monteux. The audience were shocked at the primitive kind of dancing and the irregular rhythms and strange orchestral sounds and unusual chords. Nijinsky’s choreography was so different from classical ballet. Nijinsky found it difficult to work with Stravinsky and difficult to work with the music.
Carl Van Vechten described the scene as follows:
"A certain part of the audience was thrilled by what it considered to be a blasphemous attempt to destroy music as an art, and, swept away with wrath, began very soon after the rise of the curtain, to make cat-calls and to offer audible suggestions as to how the performance should proceed. The orchestra played unheard, except occasionally when a slight lull occurred. The young man seated behind me in the box stood up during the course of the ballet to enable himself to see more clearly. The intense excitement under which he was labouring betrayed itself presently when he began to beat rhythmically on top of my head with his fists. My emotion was so great that I did not feel the blows for some time".
Marie Rambert heard someone in the gallery call out: "Un docteur … un dentiste … deux docteurs…". The second performance (June 4) was fortunately less eventful, and, according to Maurice Ravel, the entire work could actually be heard.
The complicated music and violent dance steps caused some to boo. They started to shout and whistle. They argued, and other people who liked it argued back. Then some people started to fight. In the end the police were called. Stravinksy was very upset and ran out of the theatre. The performance was a scandal, but this actually made people curious and soon the ballet became very famous. It was performed six times that season, and there were no more interruptions during the other performances.
"The Rite of Spring" is divided into two parts, and each part has several sections:
Stravinsky's music has many complex harmonies with dissonant sounds. There are passages with polyrhythms (several rhythms at once) as well as polytonality (music in several keys at once). The time signatures keep changing, and he often uses ostinati (repeated patterns).
Stravinsky wanted his music to describe the releasing of lots of energy. Most composers would have done this by using a lot of percussion instruments. However, although two players are needed for the timpani, there are not many other percussion instruments. Instead, the whole orchestra becomes a kind of percussion instrument. Also, the music often sounds like Russian folkmusic.
"The Rite of Spring" uses a very large orchestra with some unusual instruments. There are almost 100 people on stage playing the piece. Here is a list of the instruments used:
Nijinsky's choreography was thought almost as shocking as the music. The idea is: a tribe sacrifices a young virgin each year in the Spring to please their gods, and make sure crops grow well. The dancers adopt a pigeon-toed stance (position); their moves are heavy. They move together in groups; their movements are like a ritual. They look like a primitive tribe performing a ritual. The ritual moves towards the sacrifice of the girl. "The Rite of Spring" is a link between classical ballet and Modern dance.
Nijinsky's choreography has not been kept very well, but there have been efforts in recent years to reconstruct his performance, using costumes and set designs that look like the original ones from 1912.
"The Rite of Spring" became even more popular when Walt Disney used some of the music in his animated movie "Fantasia" in 1940. It is used in the film to describe early life on planet earth with dinosaurs roaming about.
Recapitulation theory
The theory of recapitulation is often known as ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny.
Étienne Serres first proposed this idea in 1824–26. In 1886 Ernst Haekel suggested that the embryonic development of an organism (its ontogeny) followed the same path as the evolutionary history of its species (its phylogeny). It is also called the biogenetic law or embryological parallelism
It was a theory (idea) that tied evolution (the change in organisms over time) with embryology (the way organisms develop before they are born). The theory stated that before they are born, organisms pass through developmental stages that look like adult animals of other species, in roughly the same order that these other species split off during evolution.
Although there is something to this idea, it is no longer thought to be such a useful way to look at development.
Haeckel formulated his theory as ""Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny"". Ontogeny is the steps an organism takes in its development before it is born, starting as a single cell and ending as a baby. Phylogeny is the steps a species takes in its development, starting as a very simple organism and evolving into the current organism. "Recapitulates" is a synonym for "reflects" and implies that the ontogeny of an organism is similar to the phylogeny of its species.
For example, Haeckel realized that before they are born, there is a time when humans have slits in their necks. These slits look like the gills on adult fishes. Haeckel took this to mean that some time before our species became human, we were fish-like. This view is supported by the fossil record and other evidence. As the unborn human gets closer to being born, it develops a tail. In fact, some human babies are even born with tails. Haeckel concluded, again correctly, that at some time in humanities more recent evolutionary past (after we had gone through our fish stage) the species that would go on to become humans had a tail.
However, not all of Haeckel's evidence or conclusions were this good. Haeckel produced several embryo drawings that often overemphasized similarities between embryos of related species. These found their ways into many biology textbooks, and into popular knowledge, even though they were wrong. Furthermore, Haeckel used this "evidence" to conclude that white people were evolutionary superior to people of other races. Not only is this a racist view, but we know today that it is not true.
Today, scientists think that Haeckel overstated the case. For example, the "gills" of a developing human do not work (though Haekel never said they did). Furthermore, as better observations were made, it was discovered that developing babies don't look exactly like the pictures Haeckel drew. He may have exaggerated what he saw in order to support his point better. Also, Haekel's discussion was entirely about morphology: he did not discuss the evolution and development of animal behaviour.
However, this is not to say that nothing about the theory makes sense. It is true that our ontogeny gives clues about our phylogeny. However, the relationship is not nearly as direct as Haeckel said it was. In fact, Haekel's over-emphatic claims led in due course to over-emphatic rejections.
Today, scientists agree that some parts of Haeckel's theory still make sense. For example:
Mount Tambora
Mount Tambora (8°14’41”S, 117°59’35”E) is an active volcano in Indonesia. It is on top of a subduction zone. Tambora was taller before its explosive volcanic eruption in 1815. This killed tens of thousands of people around the world. Later eruptions have been smaller.
When the volcano erupted in 1815, it climaxed on 10 April. It was the most destructive volcanic eruption in modern history. It has been estimated that it was four times larger than the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa, between Java and Sumatra, in terms of volume of magma ejected. Before the explosion, Tambora was 4,300 m (14,100 ft) high, now it is only 2,722 m (8,930 ft) high. Its massive crater is therefore a caldera.
The eruption destroyed a small Asian culture, known to archaeologists as the Tamboran kingdom. Most deaths from the eruption were from starvation and disease, as the fallout ruined farming in the local region. The death toll was at least 71,000 people, of whom 11,000–12,000 were killed directly by the eruption. The often-cited figure of 92,000 people killed is believed to be overestimated.
It launched 160 cubic kilometers of ash into the upper atmosphere. This caused famine around the world. Tambora's 1815 outburst was the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history. The explosion was heard on Sumatra island more than away. Heavy volcanic ash falls were observed as far away as Borneo, Sulawesi, Java and Maluku islands.
The eruption caused a global climate change known as the "volcanic winter". 1816 became known as the "Year without a summer" because of the effect on North American and European weather. Crops failed and livestock died in much of the Northern Hemisphere, resulting in the worst famine of the 19th century.
Louis, Grand Dauphin
Louis of France, Dauphin of France ( 1 November 1661 14 April 1711) was the eldest son and heir of Louis XIV, King of France and of his spouse, Marie Therese of Austria.
He was known as le Grand Dauphin because he had a son, Louis Duke of Burgundy, while still the Dauphin of France. His wife was Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria. He never became king as he died before his father did. He married Marie Émilie de Joly in secret.
Thus, through Burgundy and Anjou, Louis ensured the continuation of the senior Bourbon line on the throne of France and the establishment of the cadet Spanish Bourbon dynasty respectively.
Lahaye, Matthieu, "Louis, Dauphin de France. Fils de roi, père de roi, jamais roi", DEA directed by Joël Cornette, University of Paris VIII, 2005.
Lahaye, Matthieu, "Louis Ier d'Espagne (1661-1700) : essai sur une virtualité politique", Revue historique, Numéro 647, PUF, Paris, Novembre 2008.
Northern pintail
Tupac: Resurrection (soundtrack)
Tupac: Resurrection (Original Soundtrack) was released by Amaru Entertainment as the soundtrack for the 2003 documentary "". It includes remixed versions of several previously released 2Pac recordings, including "Death Around the Corner" from "Me Against the World", "Secretz of War" from "Still I Rise". and "Holler if You Hear Me" from "Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z."; and unreleased 2Pac verses re-constructed into new tracks such as "Ghost", "One Day at a Time", and "Runnin (Dying to Live)". The album sold more than 420,000 copies in its first week. Eminem produced major parts of this album.
Donington Park
Donington Park is a park and motor racing track near Derbyshire in North West Leicestershire, England.
The land was part of the Donington Hall estate. Tom Wheatcroft owns it. It is mainly used as a motor racing track, but the land is also used for music festivals and a Sunday market.
In July 2009, it was announced that the Formula One British Grand Prix would be at Donington Park from 2010 until 2020. However, by November that year, money had not been raised to improve the track and the hosting of the Grand Prix remained in doubt.
European Grand Prix
The European Grand Prix (sometimes called the Grand Prix of Europe) is a Formula One race. It was reintroduced during the mid-1980s. It has been held regularly since 1999.
In earlier years, one of the national Grands Prix was also called the "European" Grand Prix. The first race to be so named was the 1923 Italian Grand Prix, held at Monza and won by Carlo Salamano in a Fiat. Since , the European Grand Prix is a separate race. It is usually held in a country that also holds a national Grand Prix.
Only includes standalone events
Omote-sando Station
Toyota Racing
Panasonic Toyota Racing was a Formula One team owned by the Japanese car maker Toyota and based in Cologne, Germany. Toyota announced their plans to join F1 in 1999, and after a long time testing with their TF101 car, the team raced for the first time in 2002. The new team has grown from Toyota's long standing European "Toyota Motorsport" organisation, which has previously competed in the World Rally Championship and the 24 hours of Le Mans. Despite a point in their first ever race, Toyota F1 have not yet won a grand prix, their best finish so far being 2nd place in 2005, during which they achieved three podiums and a pole position, as well as finishing fourth in the world constructors' championship with 88 points.
† Half points awarded as less than 75% of race distance was completed
Phil Hill
Philip Toll Hill, Jr., (April 20, 1927 – August 28, 2008) was an American automobile racer and the only American-born driver to win the Formula One World Drivers' Championship. Hill was described as a "thoughtful, gentle man" and once said, "I'm in the wrong business. I don't want to beat anybody, I don't want to be the big hero. I'm a peace-loving man, basically.
Jacques Villeneuve
Jacques Joseph Charles Villeneuve, OQ (born April 9, 1971 in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec) is a Canadian automobile racing driver. He is the son of Formula One driver Gilles Villeneuve, and is the namesake of his uncle (also a racer).
He raced in Formula One from 1996 to 2006, driving for Williams, BAR, Renault and BMW Sauber. He won the world championship in 1997 with Williams, in only his second season, the first person to do so that quickly (except for the 1950 season, the very first season in F1).
Anthony Wayne Stewart (born May 20, 1971 in Columbus, Indiana) is an American race car driver. He drives the #14 Chevrolet SS in the NASCAR Sprint Cup series. For most of his career in NASCAR, Stewart was driving for Joe Gibbs Racing, but now owns his own team called Stewart Haas Racing. Hurt in August, he could not take a NASCAR start til the end of 2013.
Tony Stewart started racing in Go-Karts. Then, in 1991, he moved into the United States Auto Club (USAC) series where he won the Rookie of the Year award. This award is given to the best first year driver in the series.
Stewart started racing in the Winston Cup series (now called the Sprint Cup series) in 1999. He drove for Joe Gibbs Racing. He finished in second place in his first race. Stewart went on to win the Sprint Cup Championship in 2002. In 2009, Stewart began racing for his own team, named Stewart Haas Racing. Stewart won the 2011 Sprint Cup Championship, beating Carl Edwards. Stewart and Edwards finished the season tied in points, but Tony had won more races during the year then Edwards, so Stewart was given the championship. In 2015, Stewart said that 2016 would be his final year racing in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series.
Wantage
Wantage is a town in the Vale of the White Horse, near the Thames Valley, in the English county of Oxfordshire (earlier on it belonged to Berkshire), and about south-southwest of Oxford. It is famous for being the birthplace of King Alfred the Great.
Wantage has a town council consisting of sixteen councillors, twelve of whom are Liberal Democrats (2007). It is also part of the district of the Vale of White Horse.
Wantage sits at the crossing of the B4507 valley road, the A417 Reading to Cirencester road and the A338 Hungerford (and junction 14 of the M4 motorway) to Oxford road.
Wantage is connected to Oxford, Didcot, Abingdon and Faringdon by regular bus services. The fastest public bus journey from Wantage to Oxford takes about 45 minutes, the slowest can take over 1 hour 15 minutes.
King Alfred the Great was born here in the 9th century. Wantage appears in the Domesday Book of 1086. Its value was £61 and it was in the king's ownership until 1190. Troops of the king were stationed in Wantage during the English Civil War.
Since 1848, Wantage has been home to the Community of Saint Mary the Virgin, one of the largest communities of Anglican nuns in the world.
Wantage is twinned with:
The town was twinned with Seesen (Germany) in 1979 and Mably (France) in 1990.
A Haunting was a television program on Discovery Channel. It was about different hauntings that have occurred in different parts of the U.S. It aired from August 6, 2002 to November 9, 2007. There were 39 episodes.
The sage (also called wise old man or "Senex") is a character who often appears in literature and mythology. He is an old man who is very wise. In times of trouble people go to ask the sage for advice. The sage is a very calm, intelligent old man. He is like a father-figure or grandfather-figure. He gives sensible advice or judgment.
In some stories the sage is seen as"foreign" in some way, that is, he is different from the other people of that culture. Merlin is a good example of this, as he was only half human.
The psychologist Carl Jung called him a "senex". This is Latin for old man. Jung sees him as someone who realizes that the young person is going to be the hero of the story, and he himself is just an advisor.
Władysław I Herman
Władysław I Herman (b. ca. 1044 - d. 4 June 1102), was a Duke of Poland from 1079 until his death.
He was the second son of Casimir I the Restorer by his wife Maria Dobroniega, daughter of Vladimir the Great, Grand Duke of Kiev.
Felipe González
Felipe González Márquez (born 5 March 1942) is a Spanish socialist politician. He was the General Secretary of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) from 1974 to 1997. To date, he remains the longest-serving Prime Minister of Spain, after having served four successive mandates from 1982 to 1996. He is married and has three children.
The Game (rapper)
Jayceon Terrell Taylor (born November 29, 1979), better known by his stage name The Game (or simply Game), is an American rapper. He became famous in 2005 with the success of his debut album, "The Documentary", and his two Grammy nominations. Since then, he is considered to be a driving force in bringing back the West Coast hip hop scene into the mainstream and competing with many of his East Coast counterparts.
The Game released his first mixtape "You Know What It Is Vol. 1" in 2002. Dr Dre. listened to the mixtape and signed The Game to his Aftermath Entertainment label in 2003. A song Game made with 9 other rappers called "Don't Shoot" was released on August 27 2014.
Karen Blixen
Karen von Blixen-Finecke (17 April 1885 – 7 September 1962)," née" Karen Christenze Dinesen, was a Danish author also known under her pen name Isak Dinesen. Blixen wrote works both in Danish and in English. She is best known, at least in English, for "Out of Africa", her account of living in Kenya, and one of her stories, "Babette's Feast", both of which have been adapted into highly acclaimed, Academy Award-winning motion pictures. In Denmark she is best known for her works Out of Africa (Danish: Den afrikanske Farm) and Seven Gothic Tales (Danish: Syv fantastiske Fortællinger).
Hackleton
Hackleton, Northamptonshire, England, is a large village that is neighboured by Piddington and Horton.
The village has a post office, village shop, local butchers and the White Hart pub. There is also a village hall, where meetings and events are held.
Behind the school, Hackleton C of E Primary, is the recreation ground. It is most commonly known as 'The Rec'. It has play equipment.
Euptoieta
Cinnamon Toast Crunch
Jerry Orbach
Jerome Bernard "Jerry" Orbach (October 20, 1935 – December 28, 2004) was an American actor and singer. He was best known as Lennie Briscoe in the "Law & Order" television series.
Raúl Mondesí
Raúl Ramón Mondesí Avelino (born March 12, 1971, in San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic) is a former Major League Baseball player. Now, he is the mayor of San Cristóbal Province in the Dominican Republic. He was the National League Rookie of the Year in 1994. He won Gold Glove Awards in 1995 and 1997 as an outfielder.
Mondesí was first signed by the Los Angeles Dodgers as an amateur in 1988. He played in the Pioneer League. His first Major League game was on July 19, 1993.
On November 8, 1999, he was traded by the Dodgers (along with Pedro Borbón, Jr.) to the Toronto Blue Jays for Shawn Green and minor league player Jorge Nunez. Mondesí was traded by the Blue Jays to the New York Yankees on July 1, 2002 for Scott Wiggins. The Yankees traded him on July 29, 2003 to the Arizona Diamondbacks for David Dellucci, Bret Prinz and minor leaguer John Prowl.
He signed as a free agent with the Pittsburgh Pirates on February 24, 2004. He left the team for personal reasons. The Anaheim Angels signed him on May 30, 2004. Shortly after, he tore his quadriceps and was placed on the disabled list. The Atlanta Braves signed Mondesí in 2005.
Mondesí is currently out of baseball and living in San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic.
Cliff Floyd
Freegle
Freegle is an organisation in the United Kingdom that help people give away things they do not need anymore to other people for free, if someone will collect and take the item away. This means that used items are not thrown away while they are still useful to someone. This is to make sure that less garbage is thrown into landfills, so that these landfills can have more space and last longer.
In October 2009, there were more than 200 Freegle groups with more than 920,000 members in the UK.
My Generation was the first album by the rock group The Who. It was released in December 1965 in the United Kingdom, where it got to number five in the charts. One of the songs, "My Generation", became very popular, and is now one of the most famous rock songs ever. In the US, the album was released in April 1966 as "The Who Sing My Generation." It had some different songs than the UK album.
These were the songs on the first UK album:
These were the songs on the US album:
A new remixed version of the album was released in August 2002, and in August 2008 a longer version, in mono, was released.
John Entwistle
John Alec Entwistle (9 October 1944 – 27 June 2002) was an English musician who was best known as the bassist for the rock band The Who. His bass playing style influenced many other bass players who came after him. Entwistle is regarded by many as the greatest bassist in the history of rock music.
Entwistle played his bass guitar as a lead instrument, employing a "full treble, full volume" sound, as well as often using pentatonic lines and a typewriter finger approach. He recorded the first bass solo in the history of popular music on The Who's song "My Generation". Other notable examples of Entwistle's playing are "Boris the Spider" and "The Real Me". As he developed his sound and refined his skill, Entwistle's bass sounded like a VOX Amplifier. At the time of his death he had a collection of over 400 instruments that reflected the different brands he used over his career: Fender, Rickenbacker, Alembic, Warwick were the brands he used most. He owned many of the most expensive bass guitars in the history of the world.
Entwistle played bass for The Who and as a solo performer from 1964 until 2002. His bass guitar sound was the main reason The Who gave the loudest concert on record at the time.
Entwistle died in a hotel room at the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada on 27 June 2002. The Las Vegas coroner said that he died of a heart attack caused by cocaine.
In 1990, Entwistle was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of The Who.
Roger Daltrey
As a member of The Who, Daltrey was inducted into both the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland and the UK Music Hall of Fame.
Keith Moon
Keith John Moon (23 August 1946 – 7 September 1978) was an English drummer best known as being a member of the rock band The Who. He was famous for his frantic drumming style, his use of fills, his destructive, volatile behavior and his heavy drinking that help earn him the nickname ""Moon the Loon."" Keith Moon joined The Who in 1964. He played on all the band's albums and singles from their debut, 1965 to 1978. "Who Are You" was his last album with The Who. It was released two weeks before his death. He died of an accidental drug overdose in Mayfair, London.
Twelve years after his death, in 1990, Keith Moon was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of The Who. He is considered one of the greatest rock drummers of all time.
Tomoyoshi Tsurumi
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Yuya Satō
Yuya Satō (born 10 February 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for JEF Utd. Chiba.
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Daisuke Matsushita
Daisuke Matsushita (born 31 October 1981) is a former Japanese football player.
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Yosuke Ikehata
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Yukio Shimomura
Shimomura was born in Hiroshima on January 25, 1932. After graduating from Shudo High School, he joined his local club Toyo Industries in 1950. The club won the 2nd place at 1954 and 1957 Emperor's Cup. At the 1954 Emperor's Cup, it was first Emperor's Cup finalist as a works team. He retired in 1961.
On October 9, 1955, Shimomura debuted for Japan national team against Burma. In 1956, he was selected Japan for 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne. But did not play in the match, as he was the team's reserve goalkeeper behind Yoshio Furukawa.
After retirement, Shimomura became a manager for Toyo Industries in 1964. In 1965, Toyo Industries joined new league Japan Soccer League. In 1965 season, the club won first champions in the league. He led the club through their first golden era as five-time champions of the league (1965, 1966, 1967, 1968 and 1970). He led the club to win the 1965, 1967 and 1969 Emperor's Cup. He resigned in 1970. In 1972, he signed with Towa Real Estate which was promoted to new division, Japan Soccer League Division 2 from 1972. He managed the club for three seasons until 1974. In 1979, he was named manager for the Japan national team as successor to Hiroshi Ninomiya. However, at 1980 Summer Olympics qualifying, following Japan's failure to qualify for 1980 Summer Olympics, he resigned.
In 2015, Shimomura was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame.
Masaaki Takada
Boom Boom Pow
Boom Boom Pow is a hit song by the music group The Black Eyed Peas. It is off their album "The E.N.D.".
Mullah Omar
Mullah Mohammed Omar (1959 - 23 April 2013) was the leader of the Taliban in Afghanistan. He was usually called Mullah Omar. Between 1996 and 2001, he was Afghanistan's de facto head of state. Three states officially recognised him under the title of 'Head of the Supreme Council'. He was born in 1959 in Kandahar Province of Afghanistan. He held the title Commander of the Faithful from the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.
The United States put him on their most wanted list. They believe he sheltered Osama bin Laden, and some of his al-Quaeda group, directly before and after they committed the September 11 attacks. He was believed to be directing the Taliban in their war against Hamid Karzai's Government and foreign NATO troops in Afghanistan from Pakistan. Many people considered him to be a major terrorist.
Despite his political rank, and his high status on the FBI's wanted list, not much is publicly known about Omar. There are very few photos of him. None of these photos are official. A picture that was used by the media in 2002, shows another Taliban official, but not Omar. It is also debated how authoritative the images that exist really are.
Omar seemed to be missing one eye. Other than this, people described him in different ways: Some who have met him say he is tall, others describe him as small and frail. He was described as shy and untalkative with foreigners.
When he was Emir of Afghanistan, Omar stayed in Kandahar most of the time and rarely met outsiders. He sent his Foreign Minister, Wakil Ahmed Muttawakil, to represent him, on most occasions.
News media have claimed that he was killed by a drone strike in 2008.
In 2012, it was revealed that an individual claiming to be Omar sent a letter to President Barack Obama in 2011, expressing slight interest in peace talks.
On 29 July 2015, the Afghan government and state intelligence sources said that Omar had died in April 2013 two years previously in Karachi, Pakistan of tuberculosis. Some Taliban sources denied that he had died; other sources considered the report to be speculative, designed to destabilise peace negotiations in Pakistan between the Afghan government and the Taliban. A Taliban spokesman said that they would issue a statement. Abdul Hassib Seddiqi, the spokesman for Afghanistan's National Directorate of Security, claimed: "We confirm officially that he is dead".
Cutler, Maine
Cutler is a small town in northern Maine. It is near Machias Bay.
Carlos Reutemann
Carlos Alberto Reutemann (born Santa Fe, Argentina April 12, 1942), nicknamed "Lole", is an Argentine former racing driver (who raced in Formula One from through ), and later a prominent politician in his native province of Santa Fe, for the Justicialist Party.
Euptoieta claudia
The Variegated Fritillary (Euptoieta claudia) is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is native to North America and South America. The Variegated Fritillary is closely related to butterflies in the genus "Speyeria". It has some differences from "Speyeria" butterflies. Some of the differences are: Variegated Fritillaries have 2-3 broods per year vs. one per year in "Speyeria". They travel more vs. staying in the same place. And they use a wide range of host plants vs. just violets. Variegated Fritillaries use passionflowers as a host plant. Because of this, Variegated Fritillaries have taxonomic links to the heliconians. Their flight is low and fast, and they are hard to approach. Its genus name was taken from the Greek word "euptoietos" meaning "easily scared".
The upper side of the wings is orange and black. The fore wing and hind wing have a row of submarginal black spots and black median lines running across the wings. (Submarginal means just inward of the wing edge. Median means through the center of the wing.) The underside of the fore wing is orange. The hind wing is mottled with browns and grays. There is a pale postmedian band (postmedian means just outward of the median). There is no silvering. The wingspan is 1.75-2.25 inches.
There is a butterfly similar to the Variegated Fritillary. It is the Mexican Fritillary ("Euptoieta hegesia"). The Mexican Fritillary is brighter orange. The upper side of its hind wing has more orange. The underside of its wings is plainer, with no submarginal spots or median black lines.
This species may be seen flying from April-October in the south. It flies in the north from summer to early fall.
This butterfly is found in different kinds of habitats. It can by found in clover fields, alfalfa fields, fields, pastures, waste areas, roadsides, and mountain meadows.
The Variegated Fritillary has been seen on different kinds of flowers. Here is a list of them:
Females lay their eggs singly on the host plant's leaves and stems. The eggs are pale green or cream colored. The caterpillar eats the leaves, flowers, and stems of the food plant. The caterpillar is red with black stripes. There are white spots in the black stripes. In many individuals, the white is more noticeable than the black. It has six rows of black spines. It has a pair of long, clubbed spines on the head. The chrysalis is shiny white with small black spots. It has a variable amount of brown markings and has orange and gold projections. Adults overwinter in the south and fly north each spring and summer. It has 2-3 broods per year.
Here is a list of host plants that the Variegated Fritillary caterpillar eats:
Mullah
In may Islamic countries Mullah or "Mula" is the name given to a man with an education in Islamic theology and law. The title "Mullah" is commonly used for petty local Islamic clerics or mosque leaders.
It is primarily understood in the Muslim world as a term of respect for a religiously educated man.
José María de Pereda
José María de Pereda (February 6 1833, Polanco–March 1 1906, Polanco) was one of the most important of modern Spanish novelists.
Dusty Rhodes
Virgil Riley Runnels, Jr. (October 12, 1945 – June 11, 2015) better known as Dusty Rhodes was a wrestler. His nickname is the "American Dream". His signature move is the "Bionic Elbow". He is the father of Dustin Rhodes and Cody Rhodes who also wrestle. He is a member of the WWE Hall of Fame when he was inducted in 2006.
Rhodes died from renal failure at a hospital in Orlando, Florida, aged 69.
Carom billiards
Carom billiards, sometimes called carambole billiards or simply carambole (and sometimes used as another word for a game called "straight rail") are a family of billiards games played on cloth-covered tables. In these games, the players strike heavy balls with sticks called cues. Carom billiards tables have no pockets or opening where balls are sunk, that snooker and pool tables do have. In its simplest form, the object of carom billiards games is to score points or "counts" by bouncing one's own ball, called a cue ball, off of the other two balls on the table. The date the first carom game was invented is not exactly known. Also, how exactly the games developed and which game was first is not clear. However, carom billiards games are believed to have started sometime in the 18th-century (the 1700s) in France in Europe.
There are many different games, each with distinct rules, strategies and objects of play, that are all part of carom billiards. Some of the most well known games are "straight rail", "cushion caroms", "balkline", "three-cushion billiards" and "artistic billiards". There are many other carom billiards games that combine aspects of these games, but that are not as well known. For example, the "champion's game" was a short-lived game that developed during a transitional period between the invention of straight rail and the invention of balkline. Other games are combinations of these games and other games played on tables "with pockets" (pool or snooker games), such as "English billiards" played on a snooker table and its related games, "American four-ball billiards", and "cowboy pool", played on a pool table.
The word "carom" means any strike and bounce off something. It started being used to describe the pocketless billiard games in the 1860s. It is a shortening of the word "carambola", used in Spanish and Portuguese and spelled "carambole" in French. Carambola was earlier used to describe just the red ball used in billiards games, but later was given to the game itself. Some people who study word origins suggest that "carambola" was originally the name of a yellow-to-orange colored, tropical Asian fruit, known in Portuguese as a "carambola". This was taken from an earlier word, "karambal", from the Marathi language of India, also known as starfruit. The accuracy of the fruit origin has been questioned. It has been said to be just a legend, because the fruit does not look very similar to the big red ball that is used in carom games, and there is no direct proof for the fruit explanation.
Cloth has been used to cover billiards tables since the 15th century (1400s). In fact, the company that became the most famous maker of billiard cloth, Iwan Simonis, was formed in 1453. Most cloth made for carom billiards tables is a type of cloth called "baize" that is dyed green in color, and is made from 100% wool that has fibers that are made to be very straight (a process called worsting). Baize cloth provides a very fast surface allowing the balls to travel easily across the table material, called a "bed". The green color of cloth was originally chosen to look similar to grass. Green has been the common cloth color since the 16th century (1500s). However, the color also serves a useful function. Human eyes more easily see green than any other color. This allows players to keep playing for longer periods of time without straining their eyes.
Modern billiard balls are made from "phenolic resin", which is a type of very strong plastic. The size of carom billiards balls is normally 61.5 mm (2⁄ in) in diameter. They weigh between 205 and 220 grams (7.23 – 7.75 ounces; 7.5 is average), and are quite a bit larger and heavier than the balls used for pool games. While UMB, the International Olympic Committee-recognized world carom billiards authority, permits balls as small as 61.0 mm (approximately 2⁄), no major manufacturer produces such balls any longer, and the main standard is 61.5 mm. The three standard balls in most carom billiards games are a completely white cue ball, a second cue ball sometimes having a red or black dot on it (to help people in telling the balls apart), and a third, red ball. In some sets of balls, however, the second cue ball is solid yellow. Both types of ball sets are allowed in tournament play.
Billiard balls have been made from many different materials since the start of the game. For example, they have been made from clay, wood, ivory, plastics (including celluloid, Bakelite, crystalate, and phenolic resin) and even steel. The most common substance from 1627 until the early- to mid-twentieth century was ivory. The search for a substitute for ivory use was not for environmental reasons but based on how expensive they were and fear of danger for elephant hunters. The search was made more enticing when a New York billiard table maker offered a $10,000 prize for a substitute material. The first usable substitute was made from a material called "celluloid". Celluloid, which is an early form of plastic, was invented by a man named John Wesley Hyatt in 1868. There was a problem with the material though. Celluloid was unstable and highly flammable, sometimes exploding when people were making it.
The stick used to hit billiard balls, called a billiards cue, is different in some ways from the typical pool cue. Compared with pool cues, billiard cues are often shorter, with a shorter end cap (called a ferrule), a fatter bottom portion where the back hand grips the stick (called a butt), a wooden screw in the middle rather than one of metal or plastic, and a smaller tip diameter. These features make the billiard cue stiffer. This stiffness helps players in striking the larger and heavier billiard balls as compared with pool balls. The stiffness also acts to reduce an effect called "deflection" (sometimes called "squirt"). Deflection is an undesirable effect from the use of sidespin. Sidespin is spin placed on a ball by striking it not at its center but off to one side of its center, causing it to spin as it travels down the table. Deflection causes a ball to travel not in a straight line in the direction it was struck.
Underneath the cloth of billiard tables is a very hard rock called slate. The slate bed of a billiard table is often heated to about 5 °C/9 °F above room temperature, which helps to keep moisture out of the cloth to aid the balls rolling and rebounding in a consistent manner, and generally makes a table play faster. A heated table is required under international carom rules and is an important requirement for the games of three-cushion billiards and artistic billiards. Heating table beds is an old practice. Queen Victoria of England (1819–1901) had a billiard table that was heated using zinc tubes, At that time, though, the reason for the heating was different. The heat was used to keep ivory balls from going out of shape (warping). The first use of electric heating was for a tournament in the game of "18.2 balkline", that was held in December 1927 between two players: Welker Cochran and Jacob Schaefer, Jr. "The New York Times" announced it with fanfare: "For the first time in the history of world's championship balkline billiards a heated table will be used ..."
Straight rail, sometimes called carom billiards, straight billiards, the three-ball game, the carambole game, and the free game in Europe, is thought to date to the 1700s. No exact time of origin is known though. It was called French caroms, French billiards or the French game in early times, taking those old names from the French who made the game popular. The object of straight rail is simple: one point, called a "count", is scored each time a player's cue ball makes contact with both object balls (the second cue ball and the third ball) on a single strike of the cue ball. Winning is achieved by reaching a certain number of points, agreed to between the players to be the winning number.