AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The BIPM looks after the International Prototype Kilogram (IPK) for the CGPM. It provides laboratory services for the CGPM and CIPM. Member states use the BIPM laboratories when they check their own copy of the kilogram against the IPK. The BIPM offices are also the headquarters for the CGPM and CIPM.
In 1875 the convention only dealt with standardization of the kilogram and the metre. The convention was revised in 1921 to accommodate all physical measurements. In 1933 the CGPM approved efforts that were being made to merge electrical and photometry units into the metric system.
During the late nineteenth and early twentieth century many new units of measure were defined using the metric system. Units of measure used in electrostatic applications, electromagnetic applications and electrical distribution systems were incompatible with each other. The use of standard gravity in force and pressure definitions resulted in more units of measure being defined than were necessary.
After the Second World War the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and the French Government asked the BIPM to look into the matter. In 1948, the 9th CGPM asked the CIPM to conduct a study into units of measurement used by member states. The CIPM reported back and in 1954 the 10th CGPM decided to set up a new system of units. There would be six base units. These were the metre, kilogram, second, ampere, degree Kelvin (later renamed kelvin), and candela. The new system was published in 1960. The 11th CGPM named it the "International System of Units". The short name was "SI". This came from the French name, . The BIPM described SI as "the modern metric system".
Since 1960 the BIPM has made several refinements to SI. Some of the refinements include developing new ways of making high precision measurement. Other refinements include small changes to details of definitions.
The atomic clock has made very precise time-keeping possible. The earth is slowing down. A the "time of the dinosaurs" the earth rotated once every 23 hours. It is now possible to measure variations in the Earth's rotation caused by volcanoes and tsunamis. This is done by the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS). The IERS proposes leap seconds as and when these are needed. Under the Metre Convention, the BIPM has the task of coordinating over 200 atomic clocks around the world. These clocks are located in 50 different national laboratories.
Many measuring devices need to be recalibrated at regular intervals. These devices might be petrol pumps. They might be weighing scales. They might be complex medical equipment like MRI scanners. A certificate is issued when the device is recalibrated. The device that is used to do the calibration must itself be calibrated. These devices are often recalibrated in a national metrology laboratory. Legal problems can arise if a calibration done in one country is not recognised in another country.
Some countries are full members of the CGPM and have a vote at CGPM meetings. These countries have their own copy of the prototype kilogram. They also take part in the CIPM MRA program.
Other countries are associate members. They take part on the CIPM MRA program. They may speak at CGPM meetings but not to vote at these meetings. They do not have their own copies of the prototype kilogram.
(1877) <br>
At its 21st meeting (October 1999), the CGPM created the category of "associate" for those states not yet members of the BIPM and for economic unions.
The following international organisations have signed the CIPM MRA:
(1970–2012)<br>
Western horse
The Western horse (or Equus occidentalis) was a species of horse that inhabited North America during the Pleistocene. It is now extinct.
It was a stoutly built animal. It resembled the extinct quagga or the modern zebra, although it was not a close relative of either or these species.
Tavastia (historical province)
Tavastia is an historical province in Finland.
Tavastia is now divided between four regions of Finland. These are Tavastia Proper, Päijänne Tavastia, Pirkanmaa and Central Finland.
Town &amp; Country
Town & Country is a romantic comedy movie from 2001. This movie is about an architect named Porter whose life begins coming apart. The movie is also about deceitful friends. Goldie Hawn plays Mona Morris. Andie MacDowell plays Eugenie. Jenna Elfman plays Auburn.
The movie was released on April 27, 2001 by Warner Bros. The reviews were very negative. Both critics and audiences did not like this movie. It bombed in the box office. Its intake was only barely US$10.5 million over a budget of $90 million.
Diego Costa
Diego da Silva Costa (born 7 October 1988) is a Brazilian-Spanish footballer which he last played as a striker for Atletico Madrid and the Spanish national football team.
He was born in Brazil and played for the Brazil national football team for the first time in 2013. However, he then chose to play for Spain. This made the Brazil manager, Luiz Felipe Scolari, very angry. The Brazilian Football Confederation have even asked the country's government to remove Costa's citizenship.
In March 2014, Costa changed to the Spanish national team. This was when he was granted his Spanish citizenship. He made his first appearance against Italy and represented Spain in the 2014 FIFA World Cup.
Costa spent 2 years at Barcelona Esportivo Capela, from 2004 to 2006. After this, he then began his senior career in Portugal by joining Penafiel.
In the same year as joining Braga, he was sent on a loan spell to Penafiel. He played 13 league games with 5 goals.
In 2007, Costa joined Atletico Madrid for a fee of €1.5 million. Unfortunately, he didn't get a games due to loan spells.
Diego Costa remained at Braga in 2007 but on a loan spell. This time, he made 7 league appearances, but he failed to score a goal. In the UEFA Cup, he scored his first goal in a domestic cup against Parma F.C.
He was then loaned to Celta for the 2007-08 Segunda Division season. In that season, he made an impressive 30 appearances and scored 5 goals.
Staying in the Segunda Division, he then joined on loan Albacete Balompie for the 2008-09 season. At this loan spell, he made 35 league appearances and 9 goals.
Costa was bought by Valladoid from Atletico Madrid in 2009 Transfer Window. In this 2009-10 season, he made 34 league appearances with 8 goals. But it wasn't enough to keep Valladolid in La Liga, the top division in Spain. Valladolid was eventually relegated to the Segunda División.
Costa returned to Atletico in June 2010 for an undisclosed fee. Since then, Costa has made a superb 94 league appearances and 43 league goals during his 4 year spell with the club. In his time, he suffered with a few injuries during his time. This include his hamstring injury he suffered near to the end of the 2013-14 La Liga season.
On 1 July 2014, it was announced that Chelsea had agreed a fee with Atletico to sign Costa for a fee of £32 million. He made his first league appearance against Burnley in a game which he scored in for Chelsea to win 3-1.
During his international career, he started with the Brazilian National Team in 2013. He only made 2 appearances with no goals. But controversy was created when Costa was granted a Spanish Citizernship in 2014. Then, Costa adopted Spain as his national side. He made his debut against Italy on the 5 March 2014, Spain won 1-0. Costa was called-up to play for Spain in the 2014 FIFA World Cup. He started for both of the first two games of Spain's torlument against Holland and Chile, but was rested against Australia. Spain lost 5-1 against Holland And 2-0 against Chile. They did win 3-0 against Australia in their final group game, but it wasn't enough to keep them to progess into the knock out phases. Costa is still yet to score a goal for Spain during his time playing as a striker for the national side.
The Fault in Our Stars is a 2012 novel by young adult author John Green.
The book follows the story of sixteen year old Hazel Grace Lancaster, who has cancer. Her parents make her go to a support group, where she meets a boy named Augustus Waters, who she falls in love with.
It has been made into a movie of the same name, which was released on June 6, 2014.
Koke (born Jorge Resurección Meredio in Madrid on 8 January 1992) is a Spanish footballer. He plays as a midfielder for Atlético Madrid. He played for the Spain national football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.
Gomphothere
The Gomphotheres were a varied family of extinct elephant-like animals (proboscidea) the Gomphotheriidae. They had a wide distribution. They were common in North America during the Miocene and Pliocene epochs, 121.6 million years ago. Some lived in parts of Eurasia, Beringia and, after the Great American Interchange, South America.
Beginning about 5 million years ago, they were gradually replaced by modern elephants. The last two South American species, in the genus "Cuvieronius", did not become extinct until about 9000 years ago. "Stegomastodon" remains have been dated as recently as 6,000 years ago in the Valle del Magdalena, Colombia. Gomphotheres also survived in Mexico and Central America until the end of the Pleistocene.
22 Jump Street is a 2014 criminal comedy movie. The movie is about two police officers who go undercover at a fraternity. Their friendship is pushed to the limit. Channing Tatum plays Jenko. Jonah Hill plays Morton.
The movie picks up from where the first movie left off. It was released in June 2014.
Brie Larson
Brianne Sidonie Desaulniers, known professionally as Brie Larson, (born in Sacramento, California, October 1, 1989) is an American musician, singer, actress, director and screenwriter.
She played Molly in the 2012 movie version of "21 Jump Street". She also played Envy in "Scott Pilgrim vs. the World". Larson won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role as Ma in the 2015 movie "Room".
Serene Highness
Serene Highness is a style of address used by several princely and noble families throughout present-day Europe. It has also been used historically. It ranks below Royal Highness and Imperial Highness.
Spoof, can mean several things:
Carat
Carat usually means either:
A revolver is a type of gun. Revolvers are repeating firearms with a cylinder that spins. Revolvers have several chambers each holding one cartridge. Most are handguns, but other types of weapons also use revolving cylinders. They are also called revolving guns, though "revolver" is used far more often. The first revolvers date back to late 1500s in Europe. It was not until the 1700s or 1800s, however, they became affordable. Revolvers are sometimes used by law enforcement agencies. On some occasions, these guns can be reset by one hand, then loaded with the other.
In a single-action revolver, the hammer is manually cocked. This is usually done with the thumb. This action turns the cylinder to the next cartridge. It also locks the cylinder in place with the chamber aligned with the barrel. The trigger, when pulled, releases the hammer, which fires the round in the chamber. To fire again, the hammer must be manually cocked again. This is called "single-action" because the trigger only performs a single action—that of releasing the hammer. Because only a single action is performed and trigger pull is very light, firing a revolver in this way allows most shooters to achieve greater accuracy. Additionally, the need to cock the hammer manually acts as a safety. The gun will not fire unless the hammer is cocked back. The Colt Paterson Revolver, the Walker Colt, the Colt's Dragoon and the Colt Single Action Army pistol of the American Frontier era are all good examples of this system.
In double-action, the stroke of the trigger pull generates three actions:
Double-action means that a cocking action separate from the trigger pull is not needed. Every trigger pull causes a complete cycle and a bullet is fired. This allows the gun to be carried uncocked. It also allows the gun to be drawn from the holster and fired using only the trigger. However, a double-action revolver has a longer and harder trigger pull. However, this drawback can also be viewed as a safety feature, as the gun is safer against accidental discharges from being dropped.
Most double-action revolvers may be fired in two ways.
Simon Baker
Simon Baker (born 30 July 1969) is an Australian actor and director. He is best known for his roles as Nicholas Fallin on "The Guardian" and Patrick Jane on "The Mentalist". Baker was born in Launceston, Tasmania. He was first raised in New Guinea and then Ballina, New South Wales. He began a career in acting in 1988.
Baker married actress Rebecca Rigg in 1998. They live together in Los Angeles, California and have three children.
Baker was nominated for an Emmy Award for "The Mentalist" in 2009.
Nursultan Nazarbayev
Nursultan Äbishuly Nazarbayev (; born 6 July 1940) is a Kazakh politician who served as the first President of Kazakhstan from 1990 to 2019.
Nazarbayev has been the president since December 1991, when Kazakhstan became independent of the Soviet Union. He has been the country's leader since 1989. This is when he was named First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Kazakh SSR. In April 2011, Nazarbayev was re-elected to another five-year term.
In February 2014 he proposed renaming Kazakhstan to "Kazakh Eli". In 2006 he rewrote the words to "My Kazakhstan" which was then accepted as the country's national anthem. Shortly after his resignation as president the capital city was named after him in his honour.
Kim Il-sung Square
George Houvardas
George Houvardas (born 1982) is an Australian actor. He is best known for his role as Nick "Carbo" Karandonis on the Seven Network television program "Packed to the Rafters".
Houvardas was born in Sydney, New South Wales and is of Greek origin. He began a career in television acting in 2008. He lives in Sydney.
The loudness war is a negative term that describes the apparent competition to release albums that are increasingly loud. Albums that are "victims of the loudness war" have less good sound quality because the dynamic range has been compressed to make the music louder. Examples of albums that are victims of the loudness war include "Death Magnetic" by Metallica. Record producer Charles Dye started an organization called Turn Me Up! that campaigns to give musicians the choice to make albums with bigger dynamic ranges. In March 2010, mastering engineer Ian Shepherd organised the first Dynamic Range Day.
Eritherium
Eritherium is an extinct genus of early Proboscidean. It was discovered in Morocco. It was first named by Emmanuel Gheerbrant in 2009 and the type species is "Eritherium azzouzorum". Eritherium is the oldest, smallest and most primitive known elephant relative.
The phosphate bed where the remains were found places the animal's age as 61.1 to 57.8 million years ago.
"Eritherium" is the oldest known representative of the Proboscideans. It has not been assigned to any family in the order. "Eritherium" is the sister clade to "Phosphatherium", "Numidotherium" and "Moeritherium". This is one of the most complete evolutionary sequences of early mammalian radiations after the K/T extinction event. Thus, the elephants are one of the oldest "modern" mammal orders to have survived.
SummerSlam (2012)
Cylinder (firearms)
A cylinder, in firearms terminology, is the cylindrical, rotating part of a revolver. The cylinder has multiple cartridges chambers. The cylinder revolves around a central shaft in the revolver. This is to bring each individual chamber into alignment with the barrel for firing. Each time the gun is cocked (made ready to fire), the cylinder rotates by one chamber making the pistol ready to fire again.
Cylinders typically hold six cartridges—which is why revolvers are sometimes called "six shooters". But some small frame revolvers only hold five cartridges, due to the smaller overall size of the gun. Several models of .22 rimfire caliber revolvers have cylinders holding nine or ten rounds. As a general rule, cylinders are not designed to be removed from the firearm except for cleaning. A speedloader or moon clip can be used with some revolvers for rapid reloading.
Apomixis
Apomixis is reproduction where only one parent passes genes to the offspring. Apomictically produced offspring are genetically identical to the parent (clones).
The method is most seen in plants, especially flowering plants. Brambles (blackberry) are apomictic. Some authorities give "reproduction by special tissues without fertilisation", or "asexual formation of a seed from the maternal tissues of the ovule, avoiding meiosis and fertilization, leading to embryo development".
Apomixis includes some methods which are more common in animals, such as parthenogenesis.
In botany, apomixis was defined by Hans Winkler as the replacement of the normal sexual reproduction by asexual reproduction, without fertilization.
Horticulture methods, such as propagation from cuttings or leaves, is not apomixis. "Natural replacement of the seed by an asexual method" is apomixis.
Kat Bjelland
Katherine "Kat" Lynne Bjelland (born December 9, 1963) is an American singer. She became known as the singer of the punk rock band Babes in Toyland. In 2001 the band broke up. That year Bjelland released an album as part of Katastrophy Wife. Since then Katastrophy Wife has released one more album.
Bjelland was born in Oregon. Her parents divorced when she was young. Bjelland said that her stepmother was "abusive" and that her mother beat her. When Bjelland was in second grade she was bought an acoustic guitar after she asked for one.
In 1982 Bjelland moved to Portland, Oregon. There she formed a series of bands. The Neurotics was the first. In 1981 Bjelland started Sugar Babydoll with her friend Courtney Love. Bjelland and Love made a new band called Pagan Babies around 1985. They made a demo tape of four songs. Bjelland wrote songs inspired by the punk rock band Frightwig. Love said, "you're never going to get anywhere playing that punk rock noise" and left the band. In 1986 Bjelland started The Italian Whorenuns.
In 1987 Bjelland started Babes in Toyland. The band released their first album, "Spanking Machine", in 1990.
In 1993 Babes in Toyland performed at the Lollapalooza tour. Bjelland started a band with her husband Glenn Mattson called Crunt. In 1994 they released an album, "Crunt". In 1995 Bjelland divorced her husband and Crunt broke up. In 1999 Bjelland started Katastrophy Wife. Babes in Toyland broke up in 2001.
In 1999 Bjelland's son Henry was born.
Die Antwoord (Afrikaans: "The Answer") is a South African rap band. The main singers are Yolandi Visser and her husband Ninja. They released their first album "$O$" in 2009. In 2012 their second album "Ten$ion" was released. Four singles were released from the album.
List of pseudosciences
This is a list of topics that have been characterized as pseudoscience by some scientists and researchers.
Paranormal or supernatural subjects have been subject to criticism from many of sources including the following claims of the paranormal:
Spiritual and religious practices and beliefs, according to astronomer Carl Sagan, are normally not classified as pseudoscience. Some of the ideas are:
Creationism is the belief that the origin of everything in the universe is the result of the Christian God.
The following concepts have only a very small number of supporters. Yet they have become notable:
The following are parodies of other pseudosciences:
Orizaba is a city and municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz. It is 20 km west of its twin city Córdoba. It sits at the base of Pico de Orizaba, the highest peak in Mexico. It is also a volcano with a perfectly shaped snow-covered cone. The city had a 2005 census population of 117,273 and occupies almost the same area as its small municipality. The municipality includes a few small areas outside the city. It has an area of 27.97 km² (10.799 sq mi).
It was an important town during the Spanish colonization of the Americas. On January 27, 1774, the Spanish king Carlos III gave town status to Orizaba, and on November 29, 1830 Orizaba was declared a city.
List of WWE Intercontinental Champions
This is the title history of the WWE Intercontinental Championship. The title was introduced in 1979 when Pat Patterson was awarded the championship he won a fictional tournament in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In total, there have been 75 distinct championship holders as of January 2018. fi day3at al abtal bejdarfel
The wrestler with the most reigns as Intercontinental champion is Chris Jericho with 9. The longest reigning champion is The Honky Tonk Man, holding the championship for one year, two months and 27 days, from June 13, 1987 to August 29, 1988. The current Intercontinental champion is AJ Styles.
Antonio Cafiero
Antonio Francisco Cafiero (September 12, 1922 – October 13, 2014) was an Argentine politician. He was the Governor of the Buenos Aires Province from 1987 through 1991. He was also its Senator from 1993 to 2005.
Cafiero was born on September 12, 1922 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He studied at the University of Buenos Aires. Cafiero died on October 13, 2014 of pneumonia in Buenos Aires, aged 92.
Abd El Aziz Muhammad Hegazi
Abd El Aziz Muhammad Hegazi (also known as Abdulaziz Hijazi) ( (3 January 1923 – 22 December 2014) was prime minister of Egypt for a year.
Hegazy served as Minister of the Treasury 1968 to 1972, and Minister of Finance and Foreign Trade 1973 to 1974. He was prime minister from 25 September 1974 to 16 April 1975.
Lee Teng-hui
Lee Teng-hui (15 January 1923 – 30 July 2020), sometimes called the "father of Taiwan's democracy", was a politician of the Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan). He was the President of the Republic of China and Chairman of the Kuomintang (KMT) from 1988 to 2000.
Lee died of sepsis caused by multiple organ failure in Taipei on 30 July 2020, aged 97.
Belisario Betancur
Belisario Betancur Cuartas (4 February 1923 – 7 December 2018) was an Colombian politician. He was the 26th President of Colombia from 1982 to 1986.
Betancur was born on 4 February 1923 in Amagá, Antioquia, Colombia. He studied at Pontifical Bolivarian University. Betancur died on 7 December 2018 in Bogotá from a kidney infection at the age of 95.
Reginald Palmer
Sir Reginald Oswald Palmer, GCMG, (15 February 1923 – 23 May 2016) was the Governor-General of Grenada from 6 August 1992 to 8 August 1996.
Palmer retired from public service in 1980 and entered the private sector, serving two terms as President of the Grenada Employer's Federation.
He died in May 2016 at the age of 93.
Disney Junior
Disney Junior, is an American digital cable and satellite television network. It is part of The Walt Disney Company. It is for children between one and eight years old. It shows first-run children's television shows, movies and made-for-DVD movies. It follows Playhouse Disney, which aired from April 6, 1997 to February 13, 2011.
The name Disney Junior is also used for a morning and early afternoon program seen on the Disney Channel, branded as "Disney Junior on Disney Channel".
Ioannis Grivas
Ioannis Grivas (; 23 February 1923 – 27 November 2016) was a Greek judge and politician. Grivas was the 87th Prime Minister of Greece. He served as a non-party interim Prime Minister.
Grivas was born in Kato Tithorea, Tithorea, Phthiotis in the region of Lokris. He studied at the University of Athens. Grivas died on 27 November 2016 in Athens, aged 93.
Rafael Addiego Bruno
Rafael Addiego Bruno (February 23, 1923 – February 20, 2014) was a Uruguayan jurist and political figure. He was President of Uruguay from February to March 1985.
César Gaviria
César Augusto Gaviria Trujillo (; born 31 March 1947) is a Colombian economist and politician. He was the 28th President of Colombia from 1990 to 1994 under the Colombian Liberal Party.
Gaviria was born on 31 March 1947 in Pereira, Risaralda. He studied at the University of the Andes until 1969.
Aziz Ansari (born February 23, 1983) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for his role as Tom Haverford on the NBC television program "Parks and Recreation". He is also a movie actor, appearing in "Funny People" (2009), "I Love You, Man" (2009), "Observe and Report" (2009), and "30 Minutes or Less" (2011).
Ansari was born in Columbia, South Carolina. He is the son of an Indian Tamil Muslim family. He started acting after graduating from the New York University in 2004. He lives in Los Angeles, California and is an atheist.
Georgina Henry
Georgina Clare Henry (8 June 1960 – 7 February 2014) was a British journalist. She worked with "The Guardian". She held several senior positions at the newspaper.
Henry was born in Aden, Yemen (then a British colony) on 8 June 1960. Henry was educated at Cranbrook School, Kent and King's College London where she read history. At King's College she met Ronan Bennett, subsequently a writer, who became her life-long partner.
Henry died on 7 February 2014 in London, England from eye cancer, aged 53.
Marty Plissner
Martin Plissner (1926 – February 6, 2014) was an American political commentator. He worked for CBS News from 1964 until his retirement in 1996. He first began his job during the United States presidential election, 1964 during Robert F. Kennedy's campaign. He was known for first using the phrase "too close to call".
Plissner was born in 1926 in Brooklyn, New York City. He studied at Yale University. Plissner served in the United States Navy during World War II. He was married to Susan Morrison until his death. They had two daughters. He had one son from a last marriage. Plissner lived in Washington, D.C..
Plissner died on February 6, 2014 in Washington, D.C. from lung cancer, aged 87.
Evonne Goolagong
Evonne Goolagong-Cawley, AO, MBE (born 31 July 1951) is an Australian tennis player. She was one of the world's most successful players in the 1970s and early 1980s. She ranked No. 1 in the world in 1976.
Goolagong won 14 Grand Slam titles. She won the women's title in singles tennis four times at the Australian Open, twice at the Wimbledon Championships, and once at the French Open. The other Grand Slam titles she won were in doubles tennis: six in women's doubles and one in mixed doubles.
Evonne Fay Goolagong was born in Griffith, New South Wales. She and her family are Aboriginal Australians. They belong to the Wiradjuri nation. Evonne was the third of eight children. She grew up in the small farming town of Barellan. Her father, Kenneth Goolagong, was a sheep shearer. Her family was poor. At this time, many Aboriginal people around Australia faced discrimination; they were treated differently by White Australians. However, Goolagong has said that she did not experience discrimination whilst living at Barellan.
She started playing tennis when she was a young girl. A began when Bill Kurtzman, a player at Barellan, saw Goolagong looking through the fence of the local tennis courts. He asked her if she would like to try playing. She joined the local tennis club when she was seven years old. She quickly showed a talent for the game. She was fast and had quick reflexes. She played in competitions with neighbouring towns. In 1961, Vic Edwards, the owner of a tennis school in Sydney, travelled to Barellan to watch Goolagong play. She was eleven years old at the time.
Edwards coached Goolagong and encouraged her to play tennis as a career. She left Barellan and moved to Sydney permanently in 1965, when she was aged 14. She lived with Edwards' family in their home. She went to Willoughby Girls High School, finishing in 1968. She entered the New South Wales Championship in 1967. She played in the Australian women's singles championship in January 1968. By this time she was ranked as the best junior player in New South Wales. Goolagong would later win the Australian championship four times; in 1974, 1975, 1976 and 1977. She came second place in 1971, 1972 and 1973.
Goolagong won seven Grand Slam singles titles in her career. She played in eighteen Grand Slam singles finals; all except one of these were during the 1970s. Between 1971 and 1977, she reached the final of almost every Grand Slam singles event she entered.
She competed at Wimbledon for the first time in 1970. She won her first Grand Slam singles title in 1971, beating Helen Gourlay to win the French Open. A month later, she beat Margaret Court to win the Wimbledon Championship. The next year, she lost in the Wimbledon final to Billie Jean King. She lost to King again in the semi-final in 1973, and a third time in the final in 1975. She lost to Chris Evert in the final in 1976. She won the Wimbledon title for the second time in 1980, playing against Evert again in the final. Goolagong had given birth to her daughter in 1977. She became the first and only mother to win since Dorothea Douglass-Chambers 66 years before.
Goolagong reached four U.S. Open finals; in 1973, 1974, 1975 and 1976. She lost them all: to Court, King, then twice to Evert. She is the only woman in the U.S. Open to have lost four finals one after the other. Goolagong made seven finals at the Australian Open, each one after the other. She won four times in a row. After having won her first French Open in 1971, Goolagong stopped competing in the tournament after 1973. She returned in 1983, and this was the last Gland Slam singles tournament she competed in. She lost to Evert.
Goolagong won six women's doubles titles. She won five at the Australian Open (in 1971, 1974, 1975, 1976 and 1977), and one at Wimbledon (1974). She also won the mixed doubles title at the French Open in 1972.
Goolagong was ranked number one in the world for two weeks in 1976. However, it was not reported at the time because incomplete data were used to calculate the rankings. This was discovered in December 2007, 31 years later. She was the 16th woman to hold the top position.
Goolagong was awarded Australian of the Year in 1971. She was made an Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1972, and an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) in 1982. She was entered into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 1985. She was made a part of the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1988.
The National Museum of Australia holds a collection of items to remember Goolagong's career. This includes her 1971 and 1980 Wimbledon singles trophies, the trophy from her 1974 doubles win, and two racquets used in these tournaments.
Goolagong married British tennis player Roger Cawley on 19 June 1975. After their wedding, the couple settled in Naples, Florida. They lived in the U.S. for eight years. They now live in Noosa Heads, in Queensland. They have two children: Kelly and Morgan.
Goolagong played a total of 869 singles matches. Of these, she won 704 (81.01%). In Grand Slam singles tournaments, she won 82.09% of her matches (133 wins, 29 losses).
Kal Penn
Kal Penn (born Kalpen Suresh Modi; April 23, 1977) is an American actor, producer, and civil servant. He is best known for his role as Lawrence Kutner on the Fox television program "House". He is also well known for appearing in the movies "Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle" (2004), "Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay" (2008), and "A Very Harold & Kumar 3D Christmas" (2011).
Penn was born in Montclair, New Jersey. He is the son of an Indian family. He started acting after graduating from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1998. He lives in Los Angeles, California.
Penn was the Associate Director in the White House Office of Public Engagement for Barack Obama from 2009 through 2011.
Armie Hammer
Armand Douglas "Armie" Hammer (born August 28, 1986) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles in movies, including "The Social Network", "The Lone Ranger" and "Cars 3".
Hammer was born in Los Angeles. He is of Russian-Jewish, Danish, Swiss, Greek, Poland, Russian, English, Scottish, Scotch-Irish and Cherokee origin. He took courses while at the University of California, Los Angeles. In a 2008 interview, Hammer stated, regarding his religious beliefs, "I have my own spiritual life, and I value it very much".
Hammer married television personality Elizabeth Chambers in May 2010. Their wedding was featured in the January 2011 issue of Town & Country. They were introduced by Hammer's friend, artist Tyler Ramsey. They have two children, including a daughter Harper (born 2014) and a son Ford (born 2017).
Amber Coffman
Tuusula
Tuusula is a town in Finland. It is in the province of Southern Finland and is part of the Uusimaa. Neighbouring municipalities are Vantaa, Nurmijärvi, Hyvinkää, Sipoo, Järvenpää and Kerava.
Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr.
Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr. (; August 22, 1934 – December 27, 2012), better known as Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr., was a United States Army general who was the commander of the U.S. Central Command and the coalition forces in the Gulf War.
He was born in Trenton, New Jersey, the son of Ruth Alice (née Bowman) and Norman Schwarzkopf, Sr., both Americans of German origin. Schwarzkopf died from pneumonia on December 27, 2012, aged 78, in Tampa, Florida.
Kivijärvi
Kivijärvi is a municipality in Central Finland. The municipalities next to it are Kannonkoski, Karstula, Kannonkoski, Kinnula, Kyyjärvi, Perho and Viitasaari.
Kirkonkylä, Tiironkylä, Heitjärvi, Penttilänkylä, Sompala, Lahdenperä, Risuperä, Hoikanperä, Puralankylä, Talviaislahti and Lokakylä.
Ii, Finland
Ii is a municipality in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland. The municipalities next to it are Oulu, Pudasjärvi, Ranua and Simo.
In 1749, there were 2378 people living in Ii.
Ii was merged with Kuivaniemi in 2007.
Uusimaa
Uusimaa (or "Uudenmaan maakunta") is a region in southern Finland. It is located next to Gulf of Finland. Neighbouring regions are Southwest Finland, Kanta-Häme, Päijänne Tavastia and Kymenlaakso.
The historical province of Uusimaa covered a larger area than modern Uusimaa.
A very large number of people in Finland live in Uusimaa. As of 31 November 2013, there were over 1,500,000. Uusimaa is only 3% of the total area of Finland.
The ground is bedrock, granite and gneiss.
Pirkanmaa
Pirkanmaa is a region in western Finland. As of 2013 population was about 500,000. Neighbouring regions are: Southwest Finland, Satakunta, Kanta-Häme, Päijänne Tavastia, Southern Ostrobothnia and Central Finland
Martha Chase
Martha Cowles Chase (November 30, 1927 – August 8, 2003), also known as Martha C. Epstein, was an American geneticist known for having experimentally showed in 1952 (with Alfred Hershey) that DNA rather than protein is the genetic material of life.
Chase was born in 1927 in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1950 she received her bachelor's degree from the College of Wooster. In 1964 Chase received her PhD from the University of Southern California.
In 1952 Chase was a young laboratory assistant to American bacteriophage expert Alfred Hershey at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory at the Carnegie Institution for Science. This was where the well-known Hershey-Chase experiment was performed. The experiment , otherwise known as the 'blender experiment' showed that it was DNA, and not protein, that was the genetic material through which traits were inherited.
A series of personal setbacks through the 1960s ended Chase's career in science. She spent decades suffering from a form of dementia that affected her short-term memory. She died of pneumonia on August 8, 2003, at the age of 75.
John Enderby
John Edwin Enderby (born 16 January 1931) is a British physicist. From 1976 to 1996 he was professor of physics at the University of Bristol. From 2004-2006 he was the president of the Institute of Physics. In 2004 he received a knighthood for services to science.
2014 Football League Cup Final
The 2014 Football League Cup Final was a football match. It took place on 2 March 2014 at Wembley Stadium, London. It was the last match of the 2013–14 Football League Cup.
The final was played between Premier League clubs, Manchester City and Sunderland. This was Manchester City's fourth League Cup final. It was their sixth Wembley visit since 2011. This was Sunderland's second League Cup final. It was their first visit to Wembley since 1998.
Kemijärvi
Kemijärvi is a city in Lapland in northestern Finland. The municipalities next to it are Pelkosenniemi, Salla, Posio and Rovaniemi.
Lake Kemijärvi is in Kemijärvi.
Salla
Salla, (name was "Kuolajärvi" to 1936) is a municipality in Finnish Lapland, Finland. The municipalities next to it are Kemijärvi, Kuusamo, Pelkosenniemi, Posio and Savukoski. Oulanka National Park is in the areas of Salla and Kuusamo.
Aatsinki, Aholanvaara, Ahvenselkä, Hautajärvi, Hietajärvi, Hirvasvaara, Isohalme, Kallunki, Kelloselkä, (Märkäjärvi), Kotala, Koutelo, Kursu, Käsmä, Naruska, Niemelä, Oulanka, Onkamo, Pahkakumpu, Paloperä, Saija, Salmivaara, Selkälä, Tuohikylä, Vallovaara, Varvikko, Vittikko.
Saarijärvi
Saarijärvi is a city in central Finland. The municipalities next to it are Kannonkoski, Karstula, Multia, Soini, Uurainen, Ähtäri and Äänekoski.
Saarijärvi has been city since 1986. However, there have been people living here for 6,000 years. In 1749, "Vanha Saarijärvi" had populatoin of 1,380. It's population was the largest in 1870 when there were 14,000 living there.
The neighboring municipality of Pylkönmäki was merged with Saarijärvi in 2009.
Tilastokeskus reference, Finnish
Ähtäri
Ähtäri is a city in Finland. Nearby municipalities are Alajärvi, Alavus, Keuruu, Multia, Saarijärvi, Soini and Virrat.
Division of Riverina-Darling
The Division of Riverina-Darling was an Australian Electoral Division for the Australian House of Representatives in the state of New South Wales.
The division was created in 1984. It was abolished in 1993. It was named for the region of Riverina and the Darling River. It was located in the towns of Broken Hill, Griffith, Hay and Narrandera. The Division of Watson (1934–69) replaced it when it was abolished.
Gomphotherium is an extinct genus of proboscid which evolved in the lower Miocene of North America. It survived from 13.651.7 million years ago (mya).
They spread to Asia, Europe and Africa after a drop in sea level allowed them to cross over. It survived into the Pliocene, and its remains have been found in Chile, china, France, Germany, Austria, Kansas, Tennessee, Pakistan, Kenya and Bosnia and Herzegovina.
"Gomphotherium" stood around high with an estimated weight of 4-5 tons, and looked similar to a modern elephant. However, it had four tusks; two on the upper jaw and two on the long lower jaw. "Gomphotherium" lived in dry wooded regions near lakes.
The lower tusks are parallel and shaped like a shovel. They may have been used to dig up food from mud. These animals probably lived in swamps or near lakes, using their tusks to dig or scrape up aquatic vegetation.
However, wear patterns on the teeth of its relative "Platybelodon" suggest that it used its lower tusks to strip bark from trees, and may have used the sharp incisors that formed the edge of the "shovel" more like a modern-day scythe, grasping branches with its trunk and rubbing them against the lower teeth to cut it from a tree.
Unlike modern elephants, the upper tusks were covered by a layer of enamel. Compared to elephants, the skull was more elongated and low, indicating that the animal had a short trunk, rather like a tapir's. In comparison to earlier proboscids, "Gomphotherium" had fewer molars; the remaining ones had high ridges to expand their grinding surface.
Kanta-Häme
Kanta-Häme is a region in Finland. Kanta-Häme has many features that are similar to the Finnish Lakelands. Neighbouring regions are Uusimaa, Päijänne Tavastia, Pirkanmaa and Southwest Finland.
Torronsuo National Park and Liesjärvi National Park are both located in Kanta-Häme, near Tammela.
Cities marked bold:
Cindy Birdsong
Cynthia Ann "Cindy" Birdsong (born December 15, 1939) is an American singer, most famous for singing with the legendary soul groups The Supremes and Patti LaBelle & the Bluebelles.
Arke (mythology)
Tammela, Finland
Tammela is a municipality in Kanta-Häme, Finland. The municipalities next to it are Forssa, Hämeenlinna, Jokioinen, Karkkila, Lohja, Loppi, Somero and Urjala.
Torronsuo National Park and Liesjärvi National Park are both located in Tammela.
Hausjärvi
Hausjärvi is a municipality in Kanta-Häme, Finland. The municipalities next to it are Hyvinkää, Hämeenlinna, Hämeenkoski, Janakkala, Kärkölä, Mäntsälä and Riihimäki.
Itä-Häme
Itä-Häme is the eastern part of the historical province Tavastia in Finland.
Municipalities in this area are: Heinola, Hartola, Sysmä, Joutsa, Luhanka and Pertunmaa.
The Atlanta Rhythm Section (or ARS) was an American southern rock and popular music group. ARS was formed from 1970–74. The members originally were from Doraville, northeast of Atlanta, Georgia. Their hit songs include "So into You", "Champagne Jam" and "Neon Nites".
Several people within this music band have died throughout the years. Robert L. Nix died May 20, 2012 because of diabetes and multiple myeloma at age 67. The group split up shortly after 1981. They reunited from time to time to do tours.
Colman, South Dakota
Colman is a city in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Moody County, and 594 people lived there at the 2010 census. Colman was founded in 1880. It is also known as Sankey.
Twista
Carl Terrell Mitchell (born November 27, 1973), better known as Twista, is an African American rapper. He released his first album in 1992. He had his first number one single, "Slow Jamz", in 2003.
Division of Dickson
The Division of Dickson is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland, Australia. It was set up in 1992 and is named after Sir James Dickson, a supporter of the Australian Federation, the Premier of Queensland and Minister for Defence in the first Australian government. It covers the outer north-western suburbs of Brisbane, including Albany Creek, Arana Hills, Bray Park, Brendale, Cashmere, Dayboro, Eatons Hill, Everton Hills, Ferny Hills, Joyner, Kallangur, Lawnton, Mount Glorious, Mount Nebo, Petrie, Samford Valley, Strathpine and Warner.
There was an unusual circumstance at the 1993 election. One of the candidates, an independent, died very shortly before the election. Because of this another election had to be called for the division a month later than the general election. The Labor Party won the election, and Prime Minister Paul Keating selected his new ministers on 27 March. He did not include an Attorney-General, keeping the position open for Michael Lavarch. Lavarch won the division, and was appointed to the ministry on 27 April.
Michael Lavarch had previously had been member for the Division of Fisher. He was Attorney-General in the Keating Government. Tony Smith did not receive Liberal Party support for the upcoming 1998 election, and so become an independent. Cheryl Kernot had been a member of the Australian Senate and leader of the Australian Democrats. She resigned, joined the Labor Party and won the division in 1998. Peter Dutton was a minister in the Howard Government and Minister for Health and Minister for Sport in the Abbott Government.
Shlomo Argov
Shlomo Argov, Hebrew: שלמה ארגוב , (December 14, 1929 – February 23, 2003) was a well-known Israeli diplomat. He was the Israeli ambassador to the United Kingdom. On 3 June 82 three Palestinians tried to kill Shlomo Argov. This was a cause of the 1982 Lebanon War.
Argov was born in Jerusalem in 1929. His family had lived in Jerusalem for seven generations. As a teenager, he joined the Palmach, the elite force of the Haganah. During the 1947-1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine, he was wounded in the Battle of Safed. When Israel was established and the 1948 Arab-Israeli War began, Argov joined the Israel Defense Forces (IDF).
In 1950, he completed his and went to the United States to study. In 1952 he received a Bachelor of Arts in political science from Georgetown University. While studying, he worked part-time at the Israeli Embassy. In this time he met his future wife Hava. Afterwards, he went to study in the United Kingdom. In 1955 he received a Master of Arts in international relations from the London School of Economics.
Argov had three children with his wife Hava: son Gideon and daughters Yehudit and Edna. Hava died in May 2002.
On 3 June 1982, three men, Hussein Ghassan Said, Marwan al-Banna, and Nawaf al-Rosan came close to Argov when he got into his car after a party at the Dorchester Hotel, in Park Lane, London. There is another report that says that four men were coming close to Shlomo Argov. Said shot Argov in the head. Argov was not killed, but he was badly injured. He was taken to the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery very rapidly, and he was taken to a specialist unit and the surgeons did an emergency on him . He remained in a coma for three months. Argov was the second of two Israeli diplomats who were attacked in just a month. This was given as the reason for Israel attacking Lebanon in 1982.
Argov recovered from his coma and was returned to Israel. There, he was placed in Hadassah Hospital in Jerusalem as a permanent patient. Though he could not move, he could clearly understand what was going on around him.
Argov died at Hadassah Hospital in 2003 aged 73 from the injuries in the attack. He had been paralysed and was placed in permanent hospital care for 21 years.
TR-069
TR-069 is a protocol that is mainly used for the communication with end-user devices, such as DSL modems. The number of such devices is rising steadily, and they are often are very difficult to configure. For that reason, TR-069 allows to configure these modems remotely. This also poses problems, because it allows to change the configuation the managed device as well as other devices, which may be behind a firewall. Since the users are not aware of the configuration changes, TR-069 can be used to introduce a backdoor. This backdoor might allow a "remote search" by police or legal authorities of a country.
Backdoor (computing)
Manoel de Oliveira
Manoel Cândido Pinto de Oliveira (; 11 December 1908 – 2 April 2015) was a Portuguese director and screenwriter. At the age of 106, he is thought to be the second oldest movie director, just behind George Abbott at 107.
Manoel de Oliveira was born in Cedofeita, Porto and was raised as a Roman Catholic. He began making movies in 1927.
Oliveira married Maria Carvalhais on 4 December 1940. They have four children together that were all born in the 1940s. When he was younger, Oliveira competed as a race car driver.
He was also an athlete competing in the pole vault event.
de Oliveira died on April 2, 2015 in Porto from heart failure, aged 106.
Alison Brie
Alison Brie Schermerhorn (born December 29, 1982), better known by her stage name Alison Brie, is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Annie Edison on the NBC sitcom "Community" and Trudy Campbell on the AMC drama "Mad Men". She has also been in movies such as "Scream 4" (2011), "The Five-Year Engagement" (2012), and as Uni-Kitty in "The Lego Movie" (2014) and "" (2019).
Brie was born in Hollywood, California. Her mother is Jewish and her father is of Dutch, Irish, and Scottish origin. She started acting in 2004 at the Jewish Community Center in Southern California. She lives in Los Angeles. She received her Bachelor of Arts degree from the California Institute of the Arts in 2005. Before she was a movie actress, Brie worked as a clown at birthday parties. She also performed in theater in California. Brie also studied at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama in Scotland.
Avivore
Nicholas Winton
Sir Nicholas George Winton (born Nicholas George Wertheim; 19 May 1909 – 1 July 2015) was a British humanitarian. He is best known for his role in the rescue of 669 mostly Jewish children from German-occupied Czechoslovakia before World War II. This event became known as the Czech Kindertransport. He was also known as the "British Schindler".
Winton was born in Hampstead, London, England. His parents were German Jews. The family later became Christians and Winton was baptised. In 1923, he began studying at Stowe School. He married Grete Gjelstrup, a woman of Danish origin, in 1948. They were married until Gjelstrup's death in 1999. They had three children together, Nicholas, Barbara and Robin.
Winton died from respiratory failure on 1 July 2015 in Slough, Berkshire, aged 106.
Egan, South Dakota
Egan is a city in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Moody County, and 278 people lived there at the 2010 census. Egan became a city in 1881.
Trent, South Dakota
Trent is a town in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Moody County, and 232 people lived there at the 2010 census. Trent became a city in 1884.
Ward, South Dakota