AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Her story was started many years after the war by writers and artists. A Currier and Ives print of a "Captain Molly" appeared in 1848. The first writing about Molly Pitcher was in 1859. It wasn't until 1876 that someone published a genealogy claiming a local woman was the real Molly Pitcher. After that, the idea of Molly Pitcher grew and grew.
Today, Molly Pitcher is famous. She is in grade-school and high-school textbooks. Internet sources even argue whether Molly Pitcher was a feminist.
Most legends start with some small truth. Molly Pitcher is no exception. There are several women who might have been the real Molly Pitcher, or it might have been all of them together:
The Revolutionary war had many small fights and only a few large battles. It was not unusual for women to be fight. Women filled many roles that most people thought were only done by men.
Joseph Plumb Martin was a soldier in the Continental Army. He wrote down of his experiences. This came to the attention of historians in the 1950s. Martin describes a woman at the Battle of Monmouth:
Marksmanship Ribbon
A Marksmanship Ribbon is an award by the United States Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard. It is awarded to service members who achieve an above-average score on a weapons qualification course. Also, there are select State National Guard organizations that award marksmanship ribbons for high placement in state-level marksmanship competitions.
The U.S. Navy has issued two marksmanship ribbons: the "Navy Pistol Marksmanship Ribbon" and "Navy Rifle Marksmanship Ribbon", since 1920. The pistol ribbon is awarded for qualification on the Beretta M9 9mm pistol. The rifle ribbon is awarded for qualification on the M14 and M16 rifle variants.
The Navy issues the marksmanship ribbon in three levels — that of Marksman, Sharpshooter, and Expert. The basic ribbon is awarded for the Marksman level. The specific Marksmanship Device is awarded for qualification as a Sharpshooter or Expert. Those receiving an Expert qualification receive the Marksmanship Medal in addition to the Marksmanship Ribbon.
Between 1942 and 1960, the Navy also issued ribbons known as the Distinguished Marksmanship Ribbons. These awards were declared obsolete by 1965.
The United States Air Force awards a single ribbon, known as the "Small Arms Expert Marksmanship Ribbon". It is for expert qualification on either the M-16 rifle, M-4 carbine or the individuals AFSC's (duty) designated pistol. The ribbon is issued in only one degree. But, a bronze service star may be worn on the ribbon for those who have qualified expert on both the service rifle and pistol. The ribbon was authorized by the Secretary of the Air Force on Aug. 28, 1962. It was awarded to all Air Force service members who qualified after Jan. 1, 1963. Prior to the ribbon, Air Force members were awarded with the United States Air Force Small Arms Marksmanship Certificate of Achievement (AF Form 1193 Jan 1961).
The Coast Guard Marksmanship Ribbons are issued under the same criteria as the U.S. Navy. But Coast Guardsmen use a .40 cal SIG Sauer P229R DAK pistol instead of the Navy's M9 pistol. The Coast Guard issues two ribbons. they are known as the "Coast Guard Pistol Marksmanship Ribbon" and the "Coast Guard Rifle Marksmanship Ribbon". The Marksmanship Device is awarded for qualification at the higher levels of sharpshooter and expert. Like the Navy, for those who receive an expert qualification, the Marksmanship Medal is awarded instead of the Marksmanship Ribbon.
Once a year, thousands of Army and Air National Guard shooters (champion marksmanship teams from each state) compete against each other at the Winston P. Wilson Rifle and Pistol Championships. In the Missouri National Guard, the top twelve guardsmen selected to represent their state at the Winston P. Wilson matches are awarded the Governor's Twelve Ribbon. This is worn on dress uniforms. Any guardsman who earns the award more than once wear Hawthorn Cluster Device(s) on top of the ribbon. In addition, these guardsman are awarded the Governor's Twelve Tab for wear on the combat uniform.
Similarly, the Adjutant General of Missouri awards the Adjutant General's Twenty Ribbon to soldiers and airmen. It is awarded to those who qualify among the top twenty competitors at the Missouri State Combat Matches conducted each year. They are the top eight combat rifle shooters, the top eight pistol shooters, the top two light machine gun teams, and the top two scout/sniper teams. In addition to this ribbon, these guardsman are also awarded the Adjutant General's Twenty Combat Badge for wear on the combat uniform.
Guardsmen are authorized to wear these ribbons as a permanent decoration on service dress uniforms, to the left of federal awards, when operating under Title 32 (state control) status. When federalized (Title 10), guardsman cannot wear these ribbons until they return to Title 32 status.
The U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps provide Weapons Qualification Badges instead of a Marksmanship Ribbon. For the services that award the Marksmanship Ribbon, re-qualification is not necessary once a service member has obtained the award. The ribbon may be worn throughout an individual's career. In the Navy and Coast Guard, the Marksmanship Ribbon may be upgraded with a Marksmanship Device if a higher qualification is achieved.
Claudette Colvin
Claudette Colvin was born on September 5, 1939 in Birmingham, Alabama. She grew up in Montgomery, Alabama. Colvin was arrested on March 2, 1955 for not giving up her seat to a white woman. She was 15 years old when this happened. Colvin was put on trial on several charges including violating the segregation ordinance. The court found her guilty. She was beaten up and ridiculed by white people after the incident. Colvin was placed on probation. Reverend Johnson bailed her out and when she got back home, everyone was so proud of her. In 1956, about one year after Colvin refused to give up her seat, her lawyer, Fred Gray, filed the landmark federal lawsuit: Browder v Gayle. This case stopped segregation on public transportation in Montgomery Alabama. Claudette’s incident was before Rosa Parks even though she isn’t acknowledged much. Around this time, Colvin was getting involved in the Youth Council of Montgomery of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).Even though the got a light sentence from the court, she was branded a troublemaker. She dropped out of college and could not find a job. Colvin moved to New York City in 1958. There she worked as a nurse assistant in a nursing home while living there. Colvin retired in 2004. She is currently 76 years old. Although she is relatively unknown, Colvin played an important part in the Civil rights movement.
TAT-1
TAT-1 (Transatlantic No. 1) was the first submarine transatlantic telephone cable system. It was laid between Oban, Scotland and Clarenville, Newfoundland. Two cables were laid between 1955 and 1956. One cable for each direction. It was inaugurated on September 25, 1956. The cable was able to carry 35 simultaneous telephone calls. A 36th channel was used to carry up to 22 telegraph lines.
The first transatlantic telegraph cable had been laid in 1858 (see Cyrus West Field). It only operated for a month, but was replaced with a successful connection in 1866. A radio-based transatlantic telephone service was started in 1927. It charged £9 for three minutes. A telephone cable was discussed at that time. But it was not practical until a number of technological advances arrived in the 1940s.
The developments that made TAT-1 possible were coaxial cable, polyethylene insulation, very reliable vacuum tubes for the submerged repeaters and an improvement in carrier equipment. Transistors were not used, being a recent invention of unknown longevity.
Tom Lewis (Australian politician)
Thomas Lancelot (Tom) Lewis AO (23 January 1922 – 25 April 2016) was a New South Wales politician. He served as Premier of New South Wales and Minister in the cabinets of Sir Robert Askin and Sir Eric Willis. He became Premier following Askin's retirement from politics and held the position until he was replaced by Willis in a party vote. Lewis was first elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for the Electoral district of Wollondilly for the Liberal Party of Australia from 1957 until his resignation in 1978.
Goff Letts
Dr Godfrey Alan (Goff) Letts CBE (born 18 January 1928) is an Australian politician. He was the Majority Leader of the Northern Territory of Australia from 1974 to 1977.
James Armistead Lafayette
James Armistead Lafayette (December 10, 1760 – August 9, 1832) was an African American slave. He served in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War as a double agent. He served under the Marquis de Lafayette. He reported on the activities of Benedict Arnold after he had gone over to the British. He also reported on Lord Cornwallis just before the Battle of Yorktown. James gave the British false information on the Americans.
He was an African-American slave. He was owned by William Armistead of Virginia. James took his master's name and called himself James Armistead. James was born about 1748 in Virginia.During that time, the British had destroyed Richmond, Virginia. He lived in New Kent (36 minutes away from Richmond), which made him want to join even more.
After getting the consent of his master, he volunteered in 1781 to join the American army under the Marquis de Lafayette. The Marquis used him as a spy. Armistead posed as a runaway slave to the British. He joined the camp of Brigadier General Benedict Arnold the turncoat who was leading some British forces in the area. Pretending to be a spy for the British, Armistead gained Arnold's trust. Arnold used him to guide British troops through local roads. ""The ex-slave, who later renamed himself James Armistead Lafayette in the general's honor, served as a double agent against the british under the avowedly antislavery Lafayette.""
After Arnold departed north in the spring of 1781, James went to the camp of Lord Charles Cornwallis. Again he posed as a runaway slave. He was given a job serving General Cornwallis. He moved frequently between British camps. In each case the officers would speak openly about their strategies in front of him. James kept this information in written reports. He gave these reports to other American spies. In this way he relayed much information about the British plans for troop movements and about their weapons. Cornwallis hired James to spy for the British. When he was sent to spy on the Americans he brought back an order for General Daniel Morgan to bring up all his reserves. Morgan didn't have any reserves, it was a false order. But it kept Cornwallis where he was leading to his defeat at the Battle of Yorktown. The intelligence reports from his espionage were also instrumental in helping to defeat the British.
After the war James had to return to his live as a slave. He was not eligible for emancipation under the Act of 1783 for slave-soldiers. Spies were not considered soldiers. When Lafayette returned to Virginia in 1784 he found out that James was still a slave.
The Marquis de Lafayette wrote a letter to the Virginia legislature praising James and what he did.The quote said, “This is to certify that the bearer by the name of James has done essential services to me while I had the honour to command in this state. His intelligences from the enemy’s camp were industriously collected and faithfully delivered. He perfectly acquitted himself with some important commissions I gave him and appears to me entitled to every reward his situation can admit of.” -Lafayette. This won James his freedom and a pension. James took the name James Armistead Lafayette.
James, now James Armistead Lafayette, bought forty acres of land in Virginia and began farming. He married and had a large family. He died August 9, 1830 on his farm in New Kent County, Virginia.
Eric Neal
Phillip Bennett
General Sir Phillip Harvey Bennett (born 27 December 1928) is an Australian politician. He is a retired senior officer of the Australian Army. He served as Chief of the Australian Defence Force from 1984 to 1987, and later as Governor of Tasmania from 1987 to 1995.
Duke Aiona
James "Duke" Aiona (born June 8, 1955) is a Republican state government official for the U.S. state of Hawaii. He has spent his life trying to make Hawaii a better place to live in his role as Lieutenant Governor. During his first term in 2002, he made a campaign to stop drug abuse including crystal methamphetamine and underage drinking. He was the rival of Democrat David Ige who defeated him in the 2014 election for governor.
Evelyn Boyd Granville
Evelyn Boyd Granville (born May, 1, 1924) the first African American to get a doctoral degree in math from Yale. She was born in Washington, D.C.. Around this time period, not many Americans acknowledged African Americans, especially African American women. She became a professor at Fisk University. She also worked for IBM and for NASA on the Project Vanguard and Project Mercury space programs. She also taught at California State University in Los Angeles. She spent most of her career as an applied mathematician for the Diamond Ordinance Fuze Laboratories.
Madhur Jaffrey
Jerry Collins
Jerry Collins (4 November 1980 – 5 June 2015) was a professional New Zealand rugby union player. He played for the All Blacks between 2001 and 2007. At the time of his death, he was playing for RC Narbonne. He also played for the Hurricanes, Wellington, Toulon, Ospreys, Yamaha Júbilo.
Collins was born in Apia, Samoa. He grew up in Porirua, Wellington. He and his partner, Alana, had a daughter, Ayla.
Collins and his partner were killed in a car accident on 5 June 2015 near Béziers, Hérault in southern France. He was 34. His three-month-old daughter was badly injured and was flown to a Montpellier hospital.
Margaret Juntwait
Margaret Juntwait (March 18, 1957 – June 3, 2015) was an American radio broadcaster. She was the voice of the Metropolitan Opera radio broadcasts from December 11, 2004, replacing Peter Allen when he retired after 29 years.
Juntwait was born in Ridgewood, New Jersey. She grew up in Upper Saddle River. She was married to Jamie Katz and had four children.
Juntwait died from ovarian cancer on June 3, 2015 in Saddle River, aged 58.
A trait or character in biology is a feature of a living thing. It is part of an organism's phenotype.
Every living thing, from tiny organisms like bacteria, to plants, animals and humans, has some characteristics which make it special. Thus an elephant has tusks, large size and weight, large ears and very large molar teeth (et cetera). These are typical characters of the African and Indian elephants.
Biologists call those "traits". The living thing is built in a certain way; this is its "anatomy", its structure or body. The physical structure "works" in a certain way; this is its function, the way its body works. An animal also "acts" in a certain way; this is its behavior.
The way that a living thing is structured, the way its body works and the way that it acts are all traits. The basic traits are shared by all the members of the group, "that is why they are put in the same group". Other traits are only shared by a small number of the group.
Traits are heritable: they can be passed on from one generation to the next by genes. Mendel's work involved the inheritance of traits on pea plants. The whole group of traits of an organism is its phenotype.
Different sources use the term differently. 'Trait' competes with the term 'character'.
According to some authorities, trait and character are synonyms:
Some sources use both terms:
This works well with Mendelian characters. In such cases, a character is a feature of a species which may present as various traits. Examples:
But not all characters are inherited in the simple manner of Mendel's pea characters. For example, an animal's weight is a character, but many genes contribute to it, and so does the animal's environment from birth. Weight is a) continuous rather than discrete (separate steps), b) polygenic (controlled by a number of genes), and c) because weight is influenced by both heredity and environment.
To avoid this issue, some sources use only the term character. Futuyma uses this system for Mendelian characters:
This use of 'character state' allows Futuyma to use terms such as 'ancestral state' and 'derived state' when talking about the evolution of characters.
Billa (supermarket)
Tariq Aziz
Tariq Aziz (born Mikhail Yuhanna; 28 April 1936 – 5 June 2015) was an Iraqi politician for the Ba'ath Party. He served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 24 January 1983 until 22 March 1991. He also served as the Deputy Prime Minister from 1 August 1965 until 9 April 2003. For decades he was a close adviser to Saddam Hussein.
Aziz was born in the town of Tel Keppe near Mosul to a Chaldean Catholic family. He studied English at Baghdad University. He later worked as a journalist, before joining the Ba'ath Party in 1957. He was married to Violet Yusef Nobud and had children.
Aziz was arrested in 2003 and spent the rest of his life in custody. He died in hospital from a heart attack on 5 June 2015 in Nasiriyah, aged 79. He also suffered from heart disease, depression, diabetes, and ulcers.
Frequent-flyer program
Henry Charles Bukowski (born Heinrich Karl Bukowski; August 16, 1920 – March 9, 1994) was a German-American poet, novelist, and short story writer.
His writing was influenced by the social, cultural, and economic ambience of his home city of Los Angeles. His work addresses the ordinary lives of poor Americans, the act of writing, alcohol, relationships with women, and the drudgery of work. He died of leukemia.
Cyrus West Field
Cyrus West Field (November 30, 1819 – July 12, 1892) was an American businessman and financier who, along with other entrepreneurs, created the Atlantic Telegraph Company and laid the first telegraph cable across the Atlantic Ocean in 1858. Field was born in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. When he was 16 years old, he moved to New York City. There he apprenticed in the largest dry goods business in the city. He went to work for the paper wholesaler E. Root and Company. When the company failed he bought up the stock. He built it up as Cyrus W. Field and Company. He became one of the city's richest men. Profits permitted him to retire at the age 34 with a fortune of $250,000. Bad investments left Field without most of his fortune at the end of his life. He died in New York City on July 12, 1892.
Kurt Weber
Kurt Weber (24 May 1928 – 4 June 2015) was a Polish cinematographer. He was known for working on comedic and dramatic films from the 1950s to the 1980s.
Weber was of Jewish descent.
Killing Reagan: A Violent Assault That Changed a Presidency is a book written by Bill O'Reilly and Martin Dugard. It is about the attempted assassination of U.S President Ronald Reagan.
The book is the fifth in the "Killing" series. It follows "Killing Lincoln", "Killing Kennedy", "Killing Jesus", and "Killing Patton". The book was released on September 22, 2015.
On September 26, 2015, about a week after the novel's release, National Geographic announced that a television movie version was being made. There was no specific release date or cast. In May 2016, it was announced that Tim Matheson and Cynthia Nixon would play Ronald and Nancy Reagan respectively in the movie. Filming was to begin in late May. The movie was to be released sometime in the fall of 2016.
Bengt Berndtsson
Bengt Berndtsson (26 January 1933 – 4 June 2015) was a Swedish football winger. He was born in Gothenburg. Berndtsson played for the Sweden national football team, and was a member of the squad at the 1958 FIFA World Cup finals.
Shallots are a type of onion. They are a botanical variety of the species "Allium cepa". The shallot was previously classified as a separate species, "A. ascalonicum".
Shallots seldom produce seeds. They are increased by dividing its compound bulbs. These are made up of several bulblets or cloves held together at the base. The bulblets are planted the same as onion sets. Each set develops into a compound set. The mature bulbs are harvested, cured and stored the same way as onions. In suitable storage, the bulbs keep from one season to the next.
The flavor of shallots is a little milder than onions. It’s used for flavoring curries. Both leaves and cloves are used. Leaves are also consumed as green vegetables. Like their cousins onions and garlics, this is also considered as non-vegetarian food in India. Most of the crop is produced for sale in the green state. But some dry bulbs are also used. They are also used for pickling.
Aneesa Ahmed
Aneesa Ahmed (Arabic: أنيسة أحمد) is a Maldivian women's rights activist. In 2012, she received the International Women of Courage Award. She was the second woman from the Maldivies to receive this award.
Aneesa studied at Pennsylvania State University from 1985 to 1986. She was a Humphrey Fellow.
Aneesa was Deputy Minister of Women's Affairs in Maldives. She talked about domestic violence, even though it was a taboo subject. After her job in the government, she started the NGO "Hope for Women". She talked about violence against women with police, students, and others.
When the national radio of the Maldives had talks by religious students who said female genital mutilation was Islamic, she asked the government to stop them. She talked about the harm caused by female genital mutilation.
Hunting magic
Pierre Brice
Pierre Brice (born Pierre-Louis Baron de Bris; 6 February 1929 – 6 June 2015) was a French actor and singer. He began his career in the 1950s. He was best known for his role as the Apaca chief Winnetou in the German Karl May movies.
Brice was born in Brest. He fought for the French Army in the First Indochina War. He was married to Hella Krekel from 1981 until his death.
Brice died from pneumonia on 6 June 2015 in Paris. He was 86.
Hermann Zapf
Hermann Zapf (8 November 1918 – 4 June 2015) was a German typeface designer. He was born in Nuremberg. From 1951 until his death, he was married to educator Gudrun Zapf-von Hesse. Typefaces he designed include Palatino, Optima and Zapfino.
Zapf died at his home in Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany on 4 June 2015 at the age of 96.
Zapf designed the following typefaces:
Loriini
Lories and lorikeets (tribe Loriini) are small to medium-sized arboreal parrots. They have special brush-tipped tongues to feed on nectar of blossoms and soft fruits, preferably berries.
They are a monophyletic group in the parrot family Psittacidae. Sequence analysis and morphology show that the group is in the middle of other groups.
They are widely distributed throughout the Australasian region, including south-eastern Asia, Polynesia, Papua New Guinea, Timor Leste and Australia, and the majority have very brightly coloured plumage.
Those studies show that the lories and lorikeets form a single group, closely related to the budgerigar and the fig parrots.
Tribe (biology)
A tribe in biology is a monophyletic group inside a family. It is a term used in taxonomy.
More exactly, it is a rank above genus and below subfamily. The Hominini, the hominins, is the tribe to which our species belongs.
Santiago Auserón
Santiago Auserón, also known as Juan Perro (July 25, 1954 in Zaragoza, Aragon) is a Spanish singer and lyricist. He was songwriter and vocalist of Spanish rock's Radio Futura.
From 1972 to 1977 he attended the University of Madrid where he studied philosophy. After that he attended the University of Vincennes in Saint-Denis, where he stayed one year.
In 1979, Auserón founded Radio Futura, being part of Madrilenian Scene ().
In 1992, he left the group and started his career as a soloist under his pseudonym "Juan Perro".
Ludvík Vaculík
Ludvík Vaculík (23 July 1926 – 6 June 2015) was a Czech writer and journalist. He was born in Brumov. He was a known samizdat writer. He was the most known as the author of the "Two Thousand Words" manifesto of June 1968.
Vaculík died at the age of 88 on 6 June 2015.
Miguel-Ángel Cárdenas
Miguel-Ángel Cárdenas (October 3, 1934 - June 2, 2015), also known as Michel Cardena, was a Colombian-Dutch, New Realism and Pop Art painter. He was known for his video art in the Netherlands. His works covered many artistic media, including painting, drawing, video, photography, object assemblages and digital art. He was born in Espinal, Tolima, Colombia.
Mefistofele is an Italian opera in a prologue, four acts and an epilogue; with music and libretto. It is by Arrigo Boito and is based on Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's play "Faust". It was first performed in Milan, on March 5, 1868. A revised version was performed in Bologna, on October 4, 1875.
The opera was performed as part of the 2013/2014 season at the Croatian National Theatre, in Split. The director was Michał Znaniecki and the conductor was Nikša Bareza.
In August 2014, the opera was performed in the 13th Opera Festival of the Theatro da Paz in Belém, Brazil. Mefistofeles was played by Denis Sedov and Faust was played by Fernando Portari.
Pavel Kohout
Bad Blood (Taylor Swift song)
"Bad Blood" is a song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The song came from her fifth studio album "1989". The album version of the song only has Swift as the vocalist on verses. The single version has a different instrumental and guest vocals from rapper Kendrick Lamar on verses.
Swift wrote "Bad Blood" about an undisclosed female artist. She says that the artist attempted to sabotage one of her concert tours by hiring people that worked for her (Swift). There are rumors from "Rolling Stone", "Billboard", "Time" and "Washington Post" that singer-songwriter Katy Perry is the subject of the song. The original album version of "Bad Blood" only has Swift singing.
"Bad Blood" first charted on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100 for 2 weeks in November of 2014. It also charted in January of 2015 as an album cut from "1989". It peaked at #78. After the music video premiere at the 2015 Billboard Music Awards, the remixed song with Kendrick Lamar re-entered the chart at #53 and #26 on the Digital Songs Chart. It sold over 47,000 digital copies. The song hit #1 on "Billboard" Hot 100 on the week ending May 24, 2015. It sold 385,000 copies. It became Taylor's fourth #1 single. It was also her third from "1989" (following "Shake It Off" and "Blank Space"). That made Taylor Swift the first artist since Adele to have three Hot 100 chart-toppers from the same record. It was also her fourth consecutive top-ten single from "1989".
The original album version of "Bad Blood" received mixed reviews from music critics. But, the remixed version of the song received mostly positive reviews. Much of the praise was for Lamar's guest verses and the reworked instrumental. George Seabrook, writing for "The Edge" in Southampton, England, gave the song four-and-a-half stars out of five. He praised the song for "Lamar’s simple, brutally effective verses". He also said that Swift and Lamar made "not just one more meaningless stunt collaboration, but a powerful new duo".
The music video was directed by renowned director Joseph Kahn, with Swift producing it. He had also directed the music video for "Blank Space". The video was shot in Los Angeles on April 12, 2015. The setting for the video is the City of London. The music video premiered on May 17, 2015, at the start of the Billboard Music Awards. Several friends of Swift are present in the music video, such as British singer-songwriter Ellie Goulding, American entertainer Selena Gomez, and American actresses Lena Dunham and Jessica Alba. All members of the cast chose their own names for their characters.
Robert Brian Wilson
Robert Brian Wilson (born March 8, 1962) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, singer, voice artist, and comedian. He is best known for portraying Billy Chapman in "Silent Night, Deadly Night" (1984).
Paradise Cay, California
Robert Hossein
Robert Hossein (born as Hosseinoff; 30 December 1927 – 31 December 2020) was a French movie actor, director, and writer of Azerbaijani and Jewish origin. He directed the 1982 adaption of "Les Misérables", and appeared in "Vice and Virtue", "Le Casse", "Les Uns et les Autres" and "Venus Beauty Institute".
Hossein died on 31 December 2020 in Essey-lès-Nancy, France from COVID-19, one day after his 93rd birthday.
Volcanoes of Kamchatka
The volcanoes of Kamchatka are a large group of volcanoes situated on the Kamchatka Peninsula. The Kamchatka River and the surrounding central side valley are flanked by large volcanic belts containing around 160 volcanoes, 29 of them still active. The peninsula has a high density of volcanoes and associated volcanic phenomena, with 29 active volcanoes being included in the six UNESCO World Heritage List sites in the volcanoes of Kamchatka group, most of them on the Kamchatka Peninsula.
The volcanoes of Kamchatka are a large group of volcanoes on the Kamchatka Peninsula. 29 active volcanoes are included in six UNESCO World Heritage List sites. They are listed as the "Volcanoes of Kamchatka group", and most of them are on the Kamchatka Peninsula.
The Kamchatka River and the surrounding central side valley are flanked by large volcanic belts containing around 160 volcanoes, including the 29 active ones.
The highest volcano is Klyuchevskaya Sopka (4,750 m or 15,584 ft), the largest active volcano in the northern hemisphere. The most striking is Kronotsky, whose perfect cone was said by celebrated volcanologists Robert and Barbara Decker to be a prime candidate for the world's most beautiful volcano.
In the center of Kamchatka is Eurasia's world famous Geyser Valley which was partly destroyed by a massive mudslide in June 2007.
Deep seismic events and tsunamis are fairly common. Intense volcanism is caused by the subduction of the Pacific Plate. A pair of huge earthquakes occurred off the coast on October 16, 1737, and on November 4, 1952, in magnitudes ~9.3 and 8.2 respectively. More shallow earthquakes were recorded as recently as April 2006.
Saudia
Saudia (also known as "Saudi Arabian Airlines") is the largest airline of Saudi Arabia. It was started in 1945 with the help of the United States government. TWA managed the airline until the 1960s. The airline joined SkyTeam in May 2012. As of 2015, Saudia goes to 126 cities worldwide.
James M. Beggs
James Montgomery Beggs (January 9, 1926 – April 23, 2020) was an American businessman and politician. He served as the 6th Administrator of NASA. He was nominated by President Reagan on June 1, 1981. Beggs took his oath of office and entered the post on July 10, 1981, serving until December 4, 1985.
Beggs died on April 23, 2020 at the age of 94 at his home in Bethesda, Maryland of congestive heart failure.
Sean O'Keefe
Sean Charles O'Keefe (born January 27, 1956) is an American politician. He was the former chairman of Airbus Group, Inc., former Secretary of the Navy, former Administrator of NASA, and former chancellor of Louisiana State University (LSU). He is a former member of the board of directors of DuPont.
Administrators and Deputy Administrators of NASA
The Administrator and Deputy Administrator of NASA are the highest-ranked officials of NASA, the space agency of the United States. The Administrator serves as the senior space science adviser to the President of the United States. According to NASA, the role of the Administrator is to "lead the NASA team and manage its resources to advance the Vision for Space Exploration."
T. Keith Glennan
Thomas Keith Glennan (September 8, 1905 – April 11, 1995) was an American politician. He was the first Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, serving from August 19, 1958 to January 20, 1961.
Theo Saat
Theodorus Antoon "Theo" Saat (13 May 1928 – 2 June 2015) was a Dutch sprinter. He competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland. He was born in Arnhem, Gelderland.
Saat died on 2 June 2015 in Noordwijk, South Holland, aged 87.
Robert A. Frosch
Robert Alan Frosch FREng (born May 22, 1928) is an American scientist. He was the fifth administrator of NASA from 1977 to 1981 during the Carter administration.
Hans Mark
Hans Michael Mark (born June 17, 1929 in Mannheim, Germany) is a German-born American physicist and politician. He is the former Secretary of the Air Force and a former Deputy Administrator of NASA.
Because he was partly of Jewish descent his father Herman Francis Mark fled with the family into the United States.
United States Secretary of the Air Force
The Secretary of the Air Force (SecAF, or SAF/OS) is the Head of the Department of the Air Force. It is an organization within the Department of Defense of the United States of America.
The Secretary of the Air Force is appointed from civilian life by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Secretary reports to the Secretary of Defense and/or the Deputy Secretary of Defense, and is by statute responsible for and has the authority to conduct all the affairs of the Department of the Air Force.
Sadun Boro
Sadun Boro (1928 – 5 June 2015) is an Turkish sailor and writer. He was the first Turkish person to Circumnavigate the globe, sailing from 22 August 1965 until 15 June 1968.
Boro was born in Istanbul. He was married to Oda Boro and had a daughter.
Boro died from bladder cancer on 5 June 2015 in Marmaris. He was 87.
Mario Saliwa
Mario Ngqiuyomizi Saliwa (6 March 1984 – 31 May 2015) was a South African first-class cricketer. He played for teams such as the Eagles and Free State. He was born in King William's Town, Eastern Cape.
Saliwa died after being stabbed on 31 May 2015, aged 31.
MERS
MERS (the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) was discovered in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It is a disease caused by a coronavirus whose label is MERS-CoV. MERS-CoV is a betacoronavirus which originated in bats.
Coronaviruses are a family of viruses some of which cause common colds. They can infect both animals and people. MERS is a relative of SARS (the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) virus which swept around the world, infecting more than 8,000 people globally and killing 774 before it was stopped in 2004.
In 2015, the World Health Organization made itself some rules for naming viruses: No official name is allowed to refer to a place, person or animal. This is to prevent stigma, or blame. The WHO rules list MERS as an example of what not to do when naming a virus or disease.
Charles Bolden
Alan M. Lovelace
Alan Mathieson Lovelace (September 4, 1929 – April 18, 2018) was an American civil servant. He was the Deputy Administrator of NASA from July 2, 1976 to July 10, 1981.
Lovelace was born in St. Petersburg, Florida. He graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from the University of Florida in Gainesville in 1951. He received a Master of Science in Organic Chemistry in 1952. He became a Doctor of Philosophy in 1954, also in Organic Chemistry.
Lovelace died on April 18, 2018 in Melbourne, Florida at the age of 88.
In June 1981, Lovelace was presented with the Presidential Citizens Medal by President Ronald Reagan.
NASA - "Goddard News"
John R. Dailey
Aaron Cohen
Aaron Cohen (January 5, 1931 – February 25, 2010) was an American civil servant. He served as the Acting Deputy Administrator of NASA between 19 February 1992 and 1 November 1992.
Ronnie Gilbert
Ronnie Gilbert (September 7, 1926 – June 6, 2015) was an American folk singer-songwriter, actress and activist. She was one of the original members of The Weavers with Pete Seeger, Lee Hays, and Fred Hellerman.
Gilbert was born in New York City. She was the daughter of Jewish immgrants from Eastern Europe. She had one daughter. She was married twice and was bisexual.
Gilbert died from natural causes on June 6, 2015 in Mill Valley, California, aged 88.
James C. Fletcher
James Chipman Fletcher (June 5, 1919 – December 22, 1991) was an American civil servant. He was the president of the University of Utah from 1964 to 1971. He also served as the 4th and 7th Administrator of NASA. He first served from April 27, 1971 to May 1, 1977, and again from May 12, 1986, to April 8, 1989.
Coronaviruses are a group of RNA viruses. They cause diseases in birds and mammals, including humans. These diseases can be mild, or they can be fatal. In humans and birds, they cause respiratory tract infections. Mild illnesses in humans include some cases of the common cold (which is also caused by other viruses, for example rhinoviruses). More lethal varieties can cause SARS, MERS, and COVID-19.
They are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense RNA genome. The genome size of coronaviruses is about 26 to 32 kilobases, which is extraordinarily large for an RNA virus. There are four major groups of coronaviruses, called alpha, beta, gamma and delta.
The most famous coronavirus is one of the betas, the kind that causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans.
The name "coronavirus" comes from the Latin word "corona", meaning "crown" or "halo", and refers to how virions look under an electron microscopy (E.M.). They have a fringe of large, bulbous surface projections looking like a crown. This morphology is created by the viral spike (S) peplomer, which are proteins on the surface of the virus. They decide which cells the virus can infect.
Proteins of coronaviruses are the spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N).
Coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts of mammals and birds. Six different strains of coronaviruses infect humans. These include:
Coronaviruses are believed to cause many common colds in human adults. The significance and economic impact of coronaviruses is hard to assess. Unlike rhinoviruses (another common cold virus), human coronaviruses are easy to grow in the laboratory.
Coronaviruses are large, spherical particles with unique surface projections. Their size is variable, averageing 80 to 120 nms The total molecular weight is on average 40,000 kDa. They are enclosed in an envelope studded with projecting protein molecules. These layers protect the virus when it is outside the host cell.
The viral envelope is made up of a lipid bilayer in which the membrane (M), envelope (E) and spike (S) structural proteins are anchored. The ratio of E:S:M in the lipid bilayer is approximately 1:20:300. The E and M protein are the structural proteins that combined with the lipid bilayer to shape the viral envelope and maintain its size. S proteins are needed for interaction with the host cells. But human coronavirus NL63 is peculiar in that its M protein has the binding site for the host cell, and not its S protein. The diameter of the envelope is 85 nm.
The earliest reports of a coronavirus infection in animals occurred in the late 1920s, when an acute respiratory infection of domesticated chickens happened in North America. Arthur Schalk and M.C. Hawn in 1931 made the first detailed report which described a new respiratory infection of chickens in North Dakota. It was not realized at the time that three related viruses were involved.
Human coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960s using two different methods. E.C. Kendall, Malcolm Bynoe, and David Tyrrel, working at the Common Cold Unit of the British Medical Research Council collected a unique common cold virus B814 in 1961. The virus could not be cultivated using the techniques which had successfully cultivated rhinoviruses, adenoviruses and other known common cold viruses. Eventually this was solved. The new cultivating method was introduced to the lab by Bertil Hoorn. The isolated virus when put into the noses of volunteers caused a cold. the virus was inactivated by ether which showed it had a lipid envelope. The novel virus caused a cold in volunteers and, like B814, was inactivated by ether.
Scottish virologist June Almeida at St Thomas' Hospital, London, compared the structures of IBV, B814 and 229E in 1967. Using transmission electron microscopy the three viruses were shown to be similar in shape and have club-like spikes. A research group at the National Institute of Health the same year isolated another member of this group of viruses. Like B814, 229E, and IBV, the novel cold virus OC43 had distinctive club-like spikes when observed with the electron microscope.
The IBV-like novel cold viruses looked like the mouse hepatitis virus. This new group of viruses were called "coronaviruses" from their crown-like appearance. The coronavirus strain B814 was lost. It is not known which present human coronavirus it was. Other human coronaviruses have since been identified, including SARS-CoV in 2003, HCoV NL63 in 2003, HCoV HKU1 in 2004, MERS-CoV in 2013, and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019. There have been a large number of animal coronaviruses identified since the 1960s.
Ontario Highway 33
Ontario Highway 33 or King's Highway 33 is a provincial highway in Ontario, Canada. It runs from west to east and is 60.9 kilometers (37.8 miles) long. It starts at Highway 62 in Bloomfield in Prince Edward County. At Glenora, the highway crosses the Bay of Quinte by the Glenora Ferry. The Ministry of Transportation of Ontario runs the ferry as a free service. The highway continues on the other side of the bay in Adolphustown. It ends in Kingston.
In 1984, Queen Elizabeth II named the highway between Trenton and Kingston the Loyalist Parkway. It was named after the United Empire Loyalists who settled in the Kingston area after the American Revolutionary War.
Green Party of Ontario
The Green Party of Ontario (GPO) is a political party in Ontario, Canada. It organized in 1983. It first ran candidates in the 1985 general election. The party got its largest share of the total vote in the 2007 general election. Support of the GPO has declined since then.
In November 2009, Mike Schreiner became the party leader. He became the first member of the Green Party in history to have a seat in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. He was elected in the 2018 elections.
Giacomo Furia
Giacomo Furia (2 January 1925 – 5 June 2015) was an Italian actor. He appeared in over 130 movies between 1948 and 1998.
Smosh: The Movie
Smosh: The Movie is an upcoming 2015 American comedy movie from Lionsgate Films. The movie will star Anthony Padilla and Ian Hecox, which is part of Smosh from YouTube. It is planned to come out on July 24, 2015.
An embarrassing video of Anthony surfaces online right before his fifth high school reunion. The Smosh duo then races to pull down the clip before it blows Anthony's chances of reconnecting with his teen crush Anna.
On September 18, 2014, Lionsgate announced that it has picked up global distribution rights to the movie, with production jointly financed by DreamWorks Animation’s AwesomenessTV, and Defy Media, in which Lionsgate has an equity interest. The picture was written by Eric Falconer, creator and executive producer of "Blue Mountain State" and writer of "How I Met Your Mother". The film is executively produced by Padilla, Hecox, Barry Blumberg of Defy Media, Brett Bouttier, Joe Davola and Shauna Phelan. AwesomenessTV founder Brian Robbins serves as producer. It was entirely shot in YouTube Space in Los Angeles, California.
On April 15, 2015, it was announced that the movie will be released on July 24, 2015 and will be having its gala world premiere at Vidcon 2015 in Anaheim, California.
Rhinovirus
Rhinovirus is the most common virus in humans, and the main cause of the common cold. It is called 'rhinovirus' because it infects the nose. The symptoms are very well known, and affect the whole of the upper respiratory tract, that is, the nose down to the throat. Children may get six to twelve colds a year.
The temperature most suitable for its survival is between 33 ℃ to 35 ℃. This may explain why it is found in the nose, because the nasal cavity is be open to the outside air.
There are 99 types of rhinovirus, according to their surface proteins. The rhinovirus particles are only 30nm in diameter. This is much smaller than other viruses: many are ten times larger.
Aarthi Agarwal
Aarthi Agarwal (5 March 1984 – 6 June 2015) was an American actress. She worked in Telugu cinema. She was known for her first movie role in "Nuvvu Naaku Nachav".
On 6 June 2015, Agarwal died at the AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center in Atlantic City, New Jersey from cardiac arrest, aged 31.
Jane Briggs Hart
Jane Briggs (“Janey”) Hart (October 21, 1921 - June 5, 2015) was an American aviator. She was the widow of Senator Philip A. Hart. She was born in Detroit, Michigan. She was a member of the NASA's Mercury 13. Hart was also an avid sailor and has sailed in the Port Huron to Mackinac Boat Race 15 times as part of an all-women crew.
Hart died on June 5, 2015 in West Hartford, Connecticut from Alzheimer's disease, aged 93.
Philip Hart
Philip Aloysius Hart (December 10, 1912December 26, 1976) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a Democrat. He served as a United States Senator from Michigan from 1959 until his death in 1976. He was known as the "Conscience of the Senate."
Hart died of skin cancer on December 26, 1976 in Washington, D.C. at the age of 64.
TAESA was a Mexican low-cost carrier. It began on April 27, 1988. It was one of the first low-cost airlines in Mexico. At times, it became Mexico's 3rd largest airline, after Aeroméxico and Mexicana de Aviacion. On November 9, 1999, a TAESA plane crashed. It was flying from Uruapan to Mexico City International Airport. The crash killed 18 people. That crash and other factors led to TAESA declaring bankruptcy in February 2000.
Universal indicator
A universal indicator is a test to measure the pH value of a liquid. The solution that is used has several chemical indicators in it. This means that the indicator is able to show different colours (and therefore pH value ranges). The drawback of this solution is that it cannot be used for titrations, which expect a well-defined change in color.
Anti-revisionism
Anti-revisionism is opposition to attempts to modify or reject the fundamentals of communist revolutionary theory and practice. Reformism is seen as a concession to communism's adversaries.
Revisionism comes from within the Party, towards whatever is the standard policy of the Party. After Stalin's death, Krushchev's style and policies were thought by Stalinists to be revisionist. The People's Republic of China under Mao Zedong and the People's Republic of Albania under Enver Hoxha proclaimed themselves to be taking an anti-revisionist line and denounced Khrushchev's policies.
Paul Pogba
Paul Labile Pogba is a French professional footballer. He plays for Premier League club Manchester United and the France national team.
Pogba began his professional career with Manchester United in 2011. In 2012 he began playing for Juventus. In 2016 he transferred back to Manchester United for a world-record £89m.
He won the World Cup for France against Croatia on 15 July 2018.
Kazuo Chiba
Kazuo Chiba (; 5 February 1940 – 5 June 2015), also known as T. K. Chiba, was a Japanese aikido teacher. He was best known as the founder of Birankai International which includes organizations in the United Kingdom, France, Austria, Greece, Poland, Canada, the United States and many other places worldwide. He was active in aikido for 50 years from 1958 until his retirement in 2008. He was born in Tochigi Prefecture.
Chiba died after a long illness on 5 June 2015 in San Diego, California, United States. He was 75.
Albert West
Albertus Petrus Enricus Gerardus Westelaken (2 September 1949 – 4 June 2015), better known by his stage name Albert West, was a Dutch pop singer and record producer. He was the lead singer of The Shuffles from 1963 to 1973. He was born in 's-Hertogenbosch, North Brabant.
The Shuffles
World Environment Day
World Environment Day (WED) is celebrated every year on June 5. On this day, people are supposed to do good things for the environment and sustainability. These acts help to protect nature and the planet Earth. It is run by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
The theme in 2021 is “Ecosystem restoration”, 2020 is "Time for nature", in 2019 was “Beat Air pollution” and in 2018 was "Beat Plastic pollution".
2015 FIFA Women's World Cup
The 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup was the seventh FIFA Women's World Cup, hosted by Canada. The tournament began on 6 June and ended on 5 July. In a rematch of the 2011 final, the defending champions Japan met the United States. The USA scored four goals in the first 16 minutes, with three by Carli Lloyd, on their way to a 5–2 win and their third Women's World Cup title.
The cities of Vancouver, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Ottawa, Montreal and Moncton hosted matches.