AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Thomas William Hiddleston was born in Westminster, London, to English-born Diana Patricia and Scottish-born James Norman Hiddleston. His mother is a former stage manager, and his father, a scientist, was the managing director of a pharmaceutical company. He started off at the preparatory school, The Dragon School in Oxford, and by the time he was 13, he boarded at Eton College, at the same time that his parents were going through a divorce. He continued on to the University of Cambridge, where he earned a double first in Classics. He continued to study acting at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, from which he graduated in 2005.
Whilst at University of Cambridge, he was seen by the agency 'Hamilton Hodell' in the play "A Streetcar Named Desire" and was signed. Following this, he was cast in his first television role in The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby (2001). Hiddleston won his first film role as Oakley in Joanna Hogg's award-winning first feature, Unrelated (2007). His breakthrough role came when he portrayed the nemesis Loki in the Marvel Cinematic Universe feature film Thor (2011). He reprised the character in The Avengers (2012), (2013), (2017) and (2018).
He has also appeared in Steven Spielberg's War Horse (2011), The Deep Blue Sea (2011), Woody Allen's romantic comedy Midnight in Paris (2011), and the romantic vampire film Only Lovers Left Alive (2013). On television, he appeared on the BBC series The Hollow Crown (2012), in the adaptations of Shakespeare's "Henry IV" and "Henry V". In theatre, he has been in the productions of "Cymbeline" (2007) and "Ivanov" (2008). In December 2013, he starred as the title character in the Donmar Warehouse production of "Coriolanus" which played until February 2014. He won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Newcomer in a Play for his role in "Cymbeline" while also being nominated for the same award the same year for his role as Cassio in "Othello".
On 8 November 2018, it was announced that Hiddleston would be reprising his role as Loki in a new Marvel limited series centered on the character which will air on Disney's streaming service, Disney+. "Loki" is Hiddleston's seventh time taking on the role, following three Avengers movies and all three Thor films.
Jon Lord
Jonathan Douglas Lord (9 June 1941 – 16 July 2012) was a British rock musician. He was born and raised in Leicester. He moved to London in his late teens. He was a member of rock bands Deep Purple and Whitesnake. In 2011, he was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. He died of a pulmonary embolism at the London Clinic, Westminster, London.
Benedict Timothy Carlton Cumberbatch (born 19 July 1976) is an English actor. His most famous roles include Sherlock Holmes in "Sherlock" (2010), Peter Guillam in the spy thriller "Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy" (2011), Stephen Hawking in "Hawking" (2004), William Pitt in "Amazing Grace" (2006), and his Academy Award-nominated role as Alan Turing in "The Imitation Game".
He also played Stephen Ezard in "The Last Enemy" (2008), Paul Marshall in "Atonement" (2007), Bernard in "Small Island" (2009), as Khan in "Star Trek Into Darkness",
He voiced the character Smaug, and the Necromancer in "The Hobbit" (2012). Cumberbatch played Julian Assange in the 2013 movie "The Fifth Estate". He ranked #1 in Empire Magazine's "100 Sexiest Movie Stars" in 2013. He was named one of the most influential people in the world by TIME magazine in 2014.
In 2000 Cumberbatch acted on TV for the first time in an episode of "Heartbeat", and was on the show again in 2004. He began acting in theatre in 2001. He played Ford in "12 Years a Slave". In 2013 Cumberbatch was nominated for Best Performance by an Actor in a Mini-Series or a Motion Picture Made for Television at the Golden Globes.
Benedict Cumberbatch was born to a family that was already wealthy. His parents were both actors, and his ancestor Abraham Cumberbatch started a sugar plantation in the British colony of Barbados which was worked by slaves. As an adult, he dated actress Olivia Poulet. On 5 November 2014, Cumberbatch announced his engagement to Sophie Hunter. On 14 February 2015, Cumberbatch married Hunter. They have two sons, Christopher Carlton (born 1 June 2015) and Hal Auden (born 3 March 2017).
Sadaharu Oh
, also known as Wang Chenchih (), is a Japanese-Chinese professional athlete. He is best known as a baseball player and manager.
Oh was born in Tokyo. He is the son of a Chinese father and a Japanese mother. Although Oh has always lived in Japan, he has never allowed a loss of his Chinese citizenship.
Oh played for the Yomiuri Giants. In 1977, he set the world record for home runs.
Oh retired from playing in 1980.
From 1984 to 1988, he was the Giants' manager.
He managed the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks from 1995 to 2008.
In 2006, he was the manager of the Japanese national team in the World Baseball Classic.
Stanley "Tookie" Williams III (December 29, 1953 – December 13, 2005) was an American murderer and co-founder of a street gang, the Crips. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. In 1959, he moved to Los Angeles, California, where in 1970 he stole a car, for which he was convicted and sent to juvenile hall. He and Raymond Washington (1953–1979) founded street gang the Crips in 1971 in Los Angeles. Williams shot four people dead in Los Angeles in 1979 during robberies he committed. The events were caught on film by surveillance cameras. Later that year he was convicted of four counts of first degree murder and two counts of robbery. He was sentenced to death and was executed by lethal injection at San Quentin State Prison, California.
Ballet flat
Host (biology)
George Shaw
George Shaw (10 December 1751 – 22 July 1813) was an English botanist and zoologist. Shaw published one of the first English descriptions of several common Australian animals. His book was called "Zoology of New Holland" which was released in 1794. He was the first scientist to examine a platypus. He released a description about the animal on his book "The Naturalist's Miscellany" in 1799. He became the first to do so. In herpetology he described a lot of new species of reptiles and amphibians.
Common name
A common name of a taxon or organism is a name that is generally given by people. A common name is not the organism's scientific name. Common names are used by people to describe something. Some common names are not always used by some people. A common name are also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, trivial name, trivial epithet, country name, popular name, or farmer's name.
Sometimes common names are created by authorities. They do this so the general public would not have to remember or pronounce the Latin name of an animal.
Mark Catesby
Mark Catesby (24 March 1682/83 - 23 December 1749) was an English naturalist. Between 1729 and 1747 Catesby published his book "Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands". The book was the first publication to describe flora and fauna of North America. The book described 220 birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, insects, mammals and plants.
Catesby studied natural history in London. Catesby collected seeds in Virginia from 1714 to 1719.
Myers, Amy R. W. & Pritchard, M. B. (1998) "Empire's nature. Mark Catesby's New World vision," Chapel Hill & London: University of North Carolina Press
Webbed feet
Webbed toes is the common name for syndactyly. Webbed feet happens when two or more toes grow together instead of separately. This is common in many birds such as ducks. It is also common in amphibians such as frogs and mammals such as kangaroos. In humans, it is not normal. It only happens to 3-10 in 10,000 live births.
An outbreak is an event that sometimes cannot be controlled for several months or years. The word "outbreak" is a term used in epidemiology. It describes what happens when a disease becomes widespread that first thought. An outbreak can affect a small group or affect thousands of people across the world. An outbreak can be epidemic.
Water beetle
Water beetles are beetles who live in water. Water beetles are black, brown, or greenish. They are 0.08 to 1.57 inches long. There are 2,000 species of water beetles. These include whirligig beetles ("Gyrinidae"), Haliplidae, Noteridae, Amphizoidae, Dytiscidae, and Hydroscaphidae.
Santa Cruz, California
Santa Cruz, California is a city north of Monterey Bay. Santa Cruz is about 100 miles (60 km) south of San Francisco. Santa Cruz was first settled by Ohlone Indians, Native American hunter-gatherers. Santa Cruz was colonized in the mid-1700s by the Spanish. They created a mission, (Mission Santa Cruz). The Spanish forced the Ohlones in the mission. Their populations began to decline because of diseases and overworking.
Americans first arrived in Santa Cruz in the 19th century. They were immigrants from Italy, China and Portugal. Around the same time, forestry and commercial fishing were the first industries. There were also diary farming and leather production. Santa Cruz is most famous for their university. The University of California, Santa Cruz was built in the 1960s. The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake had a major effect in Santa Cruz. It killed five people.
The industries that are present in Santa Cruz are agriculture, tourism and high technology. The climate in Santa Cruz is Mediterranean. This means that they have mild summers because of fog. Winters are usually rainy; however, the city has dealt with many droughts.
California red-legged frog
Cope's gray treefrog
The Cope's grey treefrog ("Hyla chrysoscelis") is a species of tree frogs. They live in the United States. It is believed that the Cope's Grey Tree Frog evolved after the last major ice age. Cope's Grey Tree Frog can live in temperatures as low as -8 °C. Females can lay up to 10–40 eggs. The eggs hatch in four days. When the eggs hatch, they are called "tadpoles". Tadpoles will become a young frog in 45–65 days. The species name "chrysoscelis" is from the Greek word "chrysos", which means "gold". The Greek word "scelis" means "leg".
Reptiles (magazine)
Reptiles is a monthly magazine. It is published in Irvine, California. "Reptiles" magazine is a reptile and amphibian magazine. It talks about keeping and breeding many of their species. The magazine's publisher is BowTie Inc. The first issue of the magazine was in October 1993. It was a bimonthly magazine for one year. It became a monthly magazine starting with its December 1994 issue. The columns such as "Herptological Queries" and "Veterinarian Q&A" have been in the magazine since it was first released.
Many reptiles and amphibian species have been talked about in the magazine. Popular pets such as the bearded dragon, red-eared slider, leopard geckos, and ball pythons often appear in the magazine. They consider themselves "The World's Leading Reptile Magazine". Their June 2012 issue celebrated their 20th anniversary.
Nazi songs
Nazi songs were songs made for the Nazi Party (NSDAP) of Germany.
Some songs used by the Nazis are very old, and so these songs are often thought of as to be a Nazi song. An example would be "Deutschlandlied", which was written in 1841. The Nazis used the "Deutschlandlied" with the "Horst-Wessel-Lied". Same with the song "Die Wacht am Rhein", which at that time was almost 100 years old.
Now in Germany, it is illegal to sing any of these songs, and if you do, the punishment might by up to 3 years in jail.
The "Horst-Wessel-Lied", also known as "Die Fahne Hoch" (The flag on high), was the anthem of the Nazi Party. The song was made by Horst Wessel, a SA leader, who was killed by a member of the Communist Party of Germany. The song, as with many Nazi songs, is banned in Germany.
"Es zittern die morschen Knochen" was made by Hans Baumann, was a very popular Nazi song. The song was the official song of the Hitler Youth: which is why there are some attacks on the old people in the song. Many Germans know some of the song, but a lot don't know the full song.
Below is the order of how the full song would be sung.
Fiordland penguin
The Fiordland penguin ("Eudyptes pachyrhynchus") is a crested penguin. They have white stripes on their belly and cheeks, and they have a black back. They have bright yellow eyebrows and when they get older they turn darker. They also have an orange beak; big feet and they have small black tails. They weigh 8 pounds and are 17-24 inches tall.
They eat fish, squid and krill (small shrimps) and they like to drink extra cold water. The Fiordland penguin’s main predator (animal which hunts animals) is seals.
Most Fiordland penguins live in the woodland on the coast of south New Zealand but some also live in Tasmania. They live up to 15 to 20 years in the wild. They swim very fast in the water near New Zealand.
Humboldt penguin
The Humboldt penguin ("Spheniscus humboldti") has a plain white belly. It can have a few pure black spots on its belly and have orange with an hint of green. There are less than 10,000 Humboldt penguins in the wild. They are found in Chile and Peru.
They drink sea water and their favourite food is small fish. A female Humboldt penguin can weigh up to 4.5kg and the male can weigh up to 6kg. Their bodies are adapted to life in water and most Humboldt penguins can live up to 20 years. They get their name from a famous Prussian explorer, Alexander von Humboldt.
They have well dug burrows underground. In the past 100 years their droppings have been used as garden fertiliser. This dung is called “guano”.
Magellanic penguin
The magellanic penguin ("Spheniscus magellanicus") is the most numerous of the Spheniscus family. There are about 3,600,000 magellanic penguins in the world. They breed once a year and lay two eggs of a similar size. They are 70 centimetres tall and weigh 9 pounds or 4 kilograms.
They are found in the Falkland Islands, South America, Chile and Argentina and migrate Brazil. They are warm weathered penguins and during the warm weather they lose feathers around their eyes. When it gets colder they grow these feathers back around their eyes. They were first seen in 1519 on a voyage (trip) to South America. They hunt for food on their own when they are 60-70 days old.
Yellow-eyed penguin
The yellow-eyed penguin ("Megadyptes antipodes"), also known as the hoiho or tarakara, is an endangered species of penguin, and the third largest penguin in the world. The penguin gets its name from the yellow stripes on its head. They live and breed on the sea shore of New Zealand and some also in the Antarctic islands in the south. They have a high pitched call which can be heard very clearly.
Yellow-eyed penguins eat small to medium sized fish, red cod and squid.
They make their nests out of twigs, grass and leaves, carefully formed into a bowl shape. The chicks take 39 to 51 days to hatch and both parents share keeping the eggs warm.
Mononymous person
A mononymous person is a person who is known and addressed by a single name. Such names are called mononyms. In some cases, the person was known by a composed name ("polynym") before, and selected a single name. Today, this is often the case with artists, who select a stage name.
In many cultures, people only had one name. This is the case of Ancient Greece. Composed names were only used to avoid confusion. Both Zeno of Elea and Zeno of Citium were called "Zeno", but the origin was added to avoid confusing the two. In Ancient Rome, people had a composed name which included a clan name and a family name, which did not change. While we refer to Cicero as Cicero, his real name was "Marcus Tullius Cicero". Sometimes he is called "Tully" in English. Other people called "Tullius" include Manius Tullius Longus, a Roman consul, about 500 BC, and Quintus Tullius Cicero, one of Caesars generals. Nero was known as "Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus".
After the Romans, composed names started to be more commonplace in the Middle Ages. In the Americas, mononyms survived until the early 20th century. Examples include Pocahontas (1595-1617) and Geronimo (1829-1909). Pocahontas married and English settler, and took the name "Rebecca Rolfe" after her marriage.
Royals usually adopt a single name. Sometimes, a numeral is added. That way, Elizabeth I (1533-1603) and Elizabeth II (born 1926) both have a surname, but it is not used.
Similarly, popes select a single name, when they are elected. The current pope is called "Jorge Mario Bergoglio", but since his becoming pope, everyone has called him Pope Francis.
Sweet Grass, Montana
Sweet Grass (also Sweetgrass) is an unincorporated community in Toole County, Montana, United States. It is on the Canada-United States border. It is the northern end of Interstate 15. Interstate 15 is an important route connecting western Canada, the western United States, and Mexico.
In 2004, a joint border facility opened at the Sweetgrass port of entry and Coutts, Alberta. It has both Canadian and American federal authorities.
Crotalus viridis (commonly known as the prairie rattlesnake) is a species of venomous Pit vipers. There is currently only one subspecies recognized, not including the nominate subspecies.
The Prairie Rattlesnake usually grows up to the length of around 100 centimeters (3.3 ft). Prairie Rattlesnakes in Montana can sometimes grow up to the length of 120 centimeters (3.9 ft), but the longest ever found was 151.5 centimeters (4.97 ft) long. They are usually light brown in color with some patches of dark brown.
Prairie Rattlesnakes eat mainly small mammals like ground squirrels, mice, rats, small rabbits, and prairie dogs. Young Prairie Rattlesnakes eat amphibians, and small reptiles.
Prairie Rattlesnakes are viviparous, and can give birth to around 3-25 young at a time. The young are born around between August and October.
Prairie Rattlesnake are diurnal in cool weathers, and nocturnal in hot weathers. They have a very powerful venom which they only use if attacked. Like other rattlesnakes they shake their tail to make a rasping sound which warns enemies.
The Prairie Rattlesnake is also called the "Western Rattlesnake", the "Plains Rattlesnake", the "Black Rattler", the "Confluent Rattlesnake", the "Missouri Rattlesnake", the "Spotted Rattlesnake", and the "Western Pacific Rattlesnake".
It is also found in southwestern Canada, south to the United States of America, and northern Mexico. In Canada it is found in Alberta, and Saskatchewan, in the United States of America it is found in eastern Oregon, eastern Washington, southern Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, and eastern Arizona, in Mexico it is found in northern Coahuila, and northwestern Chihuahua.
Not including the nominate subspecies, "Crotalus Viridis Viridis", the Prairie Rattlesnake only has one subspecies: the ""Hopi Rattlesnake"" (Crotalus Viridis Nuntius) which is found in northeastern and north-central Arizona, and New Mexico.
Anput
Harry Judd
Harry Judd (born 23 December 1985, Chelmsford, Essex) is an English pop/rock musician. He is best known as being the drummer in the band McFly. Judd has made a guest appearance in the Busted video for "Crashed the Wedding" as the drummer. In 2011, he won "Strictly Come Dancing". In 2012, he got engaged to his long term girlfriend Izzy Johnston. and is now married to her.
DeJuan Blair
DeJuan Lamont Blair (born April 22, 1989) is an American basketball player. He plays for the Washington Wizards of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He graduated from Pittsburgh University. He also played for the San Antonio Spurs from 2009–2013 and the Dallas Mavericks from 2013–2014.
Trade creation
Common coquí
The common coquí or coquí ("Eleutherodactylus coqui") is a species of frog. They live in Puerto Rico. The coquí is an important symbol of Puerto Rico. They are known for their loud calls they make at night. They belong to the genus "Eleutherodactylus".
Mudpuppy
A mudpuppy or waterdog is an aquatic salamanders. They belong to the family Proteidae. Mudpuppies make a dog-like barking sound, which is why they are called mudpuppies. Mudpuppies belong to the genus "Necturus". They live in Canada and Midwestern United States.
Tyler Posey
Tyler Posey (born October 18, 1991) is an actor. He is most famous for his lead role on MTV's "Teen Wolf" series. Posey plays Scott McCall, a teenager whose life was changed by a bite he received in the woods.
Bufo apolobambicus
Herveo Plump Toad
Amargosa toad
Western toad
Great Plains Narrowmouth Toad
Blush (color)
Blush is a medium bright tone of red-violet.
The first written use of "blush" as a color name in English was in 1590.
Plains Spadefoot Toad
American toad
The American toad ("Bufo americanus") is a species of toad. They live in eastern United States and Canada. There are three subspecies: the eastern American toad, the dwarf American toad, and the rare Hudson Bay toad.
The eastern American toad ("A. a. americanus") is a medium-sized toad. Most of the time, its size is . The biggest one measured was .
The dwarf American toad ("A. a. charlesmithi") is smaller than the eastern American toad. Its size is .
The Hudson Bay toad ("A. a. copei") is a rare toad. Small groups of them are found in north Ontario.
Gymnopis syntrema
Dermophis gracilior
Microcaecilia supernumeraria
Siphonops leucoderus
Boulengerula taitana
Sylvacaecilia grandisonae
California newt
Sierra newt
Coastal Range newt
The Costal Range newt ("Taricha torosa torosa") is a subspecies of the California newt. They live in California Coast Ranges and San Diego, California.
Atelopus ignescens
Yunnan lake newt
William Shakespeare (bapt. 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet, and actor. He wrote 39 plays (with about half of them considered comedies) and two long poems in his lifetime. He lived in Stratford-upon-Avon, in Warwickshire, England. His plays are still performed today. He is often quoted in modern writing.
By 1594 he was an actor in The Chamberlain's Men acting company.
His plays are of different kinds, or genres. There are histories, tragedies and comedies. These plays are among the best known in English literature and are studied in schools around the world. Shakespeare wrote his works between about 1590 and 1613. He is considered the first writer who wrote a tragicomedy. (A tragicomedy is a play that mixes comedy and tragedy, with a happy ending.)
Shakespeare's plays are written in poetic language. Many of the plays are set in strange, distant places and times. They are still popular today. The stories are often exciting, very funny (in the comedies), or very sad (in the tragedies) and make people want to know what happens to his characters. He says much about things that are still important today, like love, sadness, hope, pride, hatred, jealousy, and foolishness.
Shakespeare added new words and phrases to the English language. He also made some words more popular. He created over 1,700 English words.
He married Anne Hathaway, a woman eight years older than he was. They got married when she was 26 and him only 18. They had a rushed wedding due to Anne already being pregnant. He had three children, Susanna (married John Hall), Hamnet Shakespeare (died at the age of 11 due to unknown reasons) and Judith (married Thomas Quiney). By 1592 he had become an actor and was becoming well known as a writer of plays. At the time of his death in 1616, only some of his plays had been published in single editions. The plays were collected and published in 1623, seven years after he died.
There is proof that people in Shakespeare's time thought highly of him. After his death, even his rival Ben Jonson said,
He was involved in the building of the Globe Theatre in 1599. It burned down a few years later. His plays are performed at a new Globe built nearby in 1997.
Although Shakespeare was married to a woman and fathered three children, Susanna, Hamnet and Judith, people have debated his sexuality. Some people, such as Peter Holland of the Shakespeare Institute at Birmingham University, have argued that Shakespeare was possibly bisexual because of some of the sonnets he wrote that were directed towards young men.
About 150 years after Shakespeare died, some writers began to say that the work called "Shakespeare" were not really written by William Shakespeare. They had various reasons for saying this. For example, the person who wrote "Shakespeare" knew a lot about other countries (especially Italy and France), but William Shakespeare never left England.
Several other writers of "Shakespeare" have been suggested, such as Francis Bacon, Christopher Marlowe, and Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford. Most scholars believe that William Shakespeare did write the works that bear his name.
Palaestra
A palaestra was a building in ancient Greece. It is the place where wrestling was taught and practiced. It consisted of a large square or rectangular courtyard. This courtyard was open to the sky. It was surrounded by colonnades. Off these colonnades were dressing rooms, lecture rooms, bath rooms, and rooms for storing equipment. Wrestlers practiced under the colonnades in all weathers.
Palaestras were often near gymnasiums. They were sometimes a part of gymnasium complexes. Most cities in the Greek world had a palaestra. Large cities may have had several. Some palaestras were privately owned. Most were built with taxes. The palaestra was very much a part of the everyday lives of Greek men and boys. Some men felt as much affection for the palaestra they grew up in as modern men feel for their "alma mater". Some men were buried in their favorite palaestra.
A palaestra was a building in ancient Greece where wrestling was taught and practiced. The word "palaestra" is based on the Greek word "pale", which means wrestling. From the sixth century BC through the end of the Roman Imperial age, palaestras were built throughout Greece. The earliest ones were privately owned, but by the fifth century BC public ones were being built. Almost every Greek city had at least one palaestra and some large cities had several.
Palaestras were often located near or were attached to gymnasiums. The gymnasium probably first appeared in the sixth century BC. Both were often referred to simply as "the gymnasium". Greek historian, biographer, and essayist Plutarch writes that a palaestra was used solely for wrestling and the "pankration", a sport similar to but much rougher than wrestling. Boxing was taught and practiced in the gymnasium. Retired athletes owned and operated small palaestras. Greek males of all ages joined palaestras. Elderly (old) men sometimes had their own palaestras.
Vitruvius was a Roman architect who lived in the age of Augustus. He made a plan for the perfect palaestra in his book "On Architecture". This palaestra is similar to the one at Olympia, Greece, the site of the ancient Olympic Games. Vitruvius' palaestra has a large courtyard open to the sky. This courtyard is surrounded by roofed colonnades.
The yard would have been filled with "skammata"pits where wrestlers and pankratiasts would have practiced. A "skamma" ("dug-up part") was an area where the soil had been turned over and covered with a thick layer of sand to provide a firm foundation for the wrestlers. Because wrestlers may have had to compete in rainy weather, there were two "skamma" in the palaestra: a dry one and a wet one. Wrestlers called the mud in the wet "skamma" "beeswax".
The wrestlers themselves turned over the soil and sand with a pick axe. This was considered a meaningful exercise and the pick axe became a symbol for wrestling in Greek art. It is likely the wet "skamma" was located under the colonnades to prevent evaporation. Greek physicians thought a mixture of mud and oil had curative powers and a mixture of mud and oil was often used in the pits.
Vitruvius describes single colonnades on three sides of the yard and a double colonnade on the north side. This double colonnade would protect the room behind it from sun and rain. The palaestra was a place for training the body and the mind. This room was the "ephebeion". It was here that young men ("ephebes") would receive instruction on Greek culture. Stone benches would have been set into the walls.
To the right of the "ephebeion" Vitruvius would have had three rooms: the punching bag room, the dust and powder room, and a room for bathing. To the left of the "ephebeion" would be a room for storing oil, and a group of rooms for a furnace and hot baths. Hot baths were a Roman necessity and were not found at Olympia however. This may have been because of the scarcity of water at Olympia. The baths at Olympia were simple but those at Delphi were large and elaborate.
Vitruvius does not mention the undressing room ("apodyterion") but there certainly would have been at least one in every palaestra. "Pale" and "pankration" were both practiced in the nude. Vitruvius does not mention a ball room ("sphairisterion") either, which some palaestra had. It is not known if this room was used for ball games, storage, or exercise.
On rainy days, wrestling was taught and practiced beneath the two to four roofed colonnades that lined the yard. Just off these colonnades were dressing rooms, rooms for bathing, storage rooms, and rooms for lectures and meeting friends. These rooms were often used for homosexual or pederastic trysts.
Hermes Enagonios ("Hermes of the Contest") presided over the palaestra. He was depicted on a rectangular piece of marble as a head and an erect penis. Hermes was the god of wrestling and sometimes said to be the father of Palaestra, the goddess of wrestling. In Greek art, a herm often indicates the scene is a palaestra. Statues of Apollo and Herakles also stood in a palaestra.
Wrestling was a highly esteemed sport in ancient Greece. It was less rough than boxing or the pankration, required less space than other sports, and, as a result, was the most popular sport among athletes. References to the sport are frequent in the literature of ancient Greece, especially poetry.
Males of all ages joined palaestras, just as modern men and boys join the YMCA, gyms, or health clubs. Greek men developed an affection for the gymnasiums and the palaestras where they grew up, and some were buried in their favorite gymnasium or palaestra. These buildings could be a center for politics: the plot to free Thebes from Sparta was formed in a palaestra and a revolt against Macedon found its supporters in the gymnasiums and palaestras of Argos.
Some people were not allowed in the palaestra. These included the "paidogogos"older slaves or grandfathers who led young boys to the palaestra and waited for them near the front door. Others not allowed in the palaestra included girls and women, cripples, alcoholics, craftsmen, vendors (salesmen), slaves or freed slaves, the insane, and openly lewd homosexuals. Death was not unknown in the palaestra. One wrestler fell on a hard surface and died ten days later from chest injuries.
Every palaestra had a number of handsome young men called "prosgymnastes". They waited around offering to wrestle others for a fee. These young men were known casually as "statues". Wrestling one was known as "hugging a statue". These young men were not held in high esteem.
In a place where men, young men, and boys were nude, homosexual interaction was common. The authorities tried unsuccessfully to curb it. Greek vase paintings of males in the palaestra show teens goosing each other or older males offering love gifts such as hares to teens. In "Lysis", the Athenian philosopher Sokrates is pulled into a palaestra by a group of teenagers. They tell him that one of their number is in love with another. Most Greek males considered a homosexual relationship a positive palaestra experience. Archaeologist Stephen Miller writes that Eros was worshipped as much as Hermes and Herakles in the palaestra.
Black-tailed rattlesnake
The Black-tailed rattlesnake ("Crotalus Molossus") is a species of venomous Pit vipers, found in southwestern United States of America and Mexico. There are currently three subspecies recognized.
Most Black-tailed rattlesnakes grow to the length of . They can be as long as . Females are said to be larger than males.
The Black-tailed rattlesnake is olive green, yellow, brown, or black in color. They are called the "Black-tailed rattlesnake" because of their tail which is the color of black. Like other rattlesnakes the Black-tailed rattlesnake has a rattle on the end of its tail, but its rattle is weak and can be broken. They can shed their skin several times a year.
The Black-tailed rattlesnake is also called the "Green rattler", the "Dog-faced rattlesnake", and the "Mountain Diamondback".
The Black-tailed rattlesnake is found in southwestern United States of America and Mexico. In the U.S.A it is found in Arizona, New Mexico, and west and central Texas, in Mexico it is found in Oaxaca. It is also found on islands of the Gulf of California, like San Estèban Island and Tiburòn Island.
In the spring and fall the Black-tailed rattlesnake are diurnal, in the summer they are nocturnal so they can avoid the heat, and in the winter they hibernate in other animals dens. Even though they are okay climbers and good swimmers they are terrestrial. They live in grasslands, deserts, mountain areas, and forests.
Like all rattlesnakes they are carnivores and eat rodents, other small mammals, birds, and small reptiles.
The Black-tailed rattlesnakes mate in the spring, once they have mated the male stays with the female to stop other males from mating with her. It is in the summer that the female gives birth to her young, the young stay with their mother for around a day or two before leaving by their selves. A female usually mates every year and has 10-12 young at a time. They live for around 15–20 years.
Young Men's Christian Association (or the YMCA or the Y) is an organization headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. It was originally meant to put Christian principles into practice. It was founded in 1844 in London, England, United Kingdom. At first, the organization provided beds and shelter to young men leaving the countryside for work in the cities. It promotes Muscular Christianity.
Basketball was invented in an American YMCA.
The similar Young Women's Christian Association or YWCA was founded in 1870.
Antisocial personality disorder
Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is a personality disorder. A person with ASPD fails to conform with socially accepted behavior. People with this disorder often disregard social norms or the rights of other people.
The ASPD pattern begin in childhood or adolescence and continues into adulthood. People with ASPD have no conscience or sense of morality, although the large majority know right from wrong. Those with ASPD often commit crimes. They can also be impulsive, aggressive, reckless, and destructive. About three percent of men and one percent of women have ASPD.
According to the latest version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (the DSM-V), a person has ASPD if they fit the following requirements:
Causinae
The Causinae, commonly known as the "night adders", are a subfamily of venomous vipers found in sub-Saharan Africa. The family is monotypic, since it only has the genus "Causus". There are six species.
The night adders can grow to around 60 to 90 centimeters (24 to 36 in) long. They are usually dark gray, light gray, light brown, or black in color with gray or black blotches.
Even though they are called the night adders, they are usually active at day, but some are active at night. When they are attacked or disturbed, they usually coil up and start hissing at their enemy to scare it off. Some may raise their head and neck off the ground, and with their tongue sticking out, move froward like a the Cobra does.
They eat mainly toads and frogs, but there are reports of some night adders eating almost everything they can find until they are completely unable to swallow any more food.
All night adders are oviparous, which means they lay eggs. This is unusual for most vipers, because most vipers are viviparous, they give live birth. They lay around two dozen eggs at a time. These eggs take around four months to hatch, when they hatch the hatchlings are 4-5 inches (10-12.5 cm) long.
The night adders have very big venom glands, which are around 10 centimeters long. But even though the venom glands are big, the adders don't always use their venom on their prey. The venom would kill the prey fast enough, but they usually seize their prey and swallow it.
When someone is bitten by a night adder, the venom does not spread around the body, and only causes swelling in the place of the bite. There have been no reports of deaths by night adder venom.
Common night adder
The common night adder is a species of venomous vipers found in sub-Saharan Africa.
The common night adder can grow up to around 60 centimeters (24 in) long, making it the longest species of the genus "Causus". The longest ever recorded was a male found in eastern Zimbabwe which was 93 centimeters (around 37 in) long. They are usually olive green, brown, or grayish-brown in color with black rhombic-shaped blotches, but not all have blotches on them.
The common night adder is also called the "rhombic night adder", the "demon night adder", the "Cape Viper", and the "African night adder".
The common night adder is found in the savannas of Sub-Saharan Africa, from Nigeria, east to Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia and Kenya, south to Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, northern Botswana, Mozambique, Swaziland, and eastern South Africa.
The common night adder is a fairly fast species of snake; it can move at the speed of 3.3 km per hour. They are usually found on the ground, but they can climb trees and can swim. They are mainly nocturnal, but some have been seen basking in the early morning or late afternoon. When disturbed they coil up, inflate their body (which makes the black blotches on them stand out), and start hissing loudly.
Common night adders are oviparous, meaning that they lay eggs, while other vipers are usually viviparous, meaning that they give live birth. Females lay around two dozen eggs at a time, which take around four months to hatch. Once hatched, the young are 10 to 12.5 cm long and eat small frogs and toads.
Their diet is made up of mainly frogs and toads, and sometimes small mammals like mice and rats.
Polystyrene
Polystyrene is a form of chemical compound that is mainly used for a wide variety of packaging.It is an aromatic polymer made from the monomer styrene, a liquid hydrocarbon that is manufactured from petroleum by the chemical industry. Polystyrene is one of the most widely used plastics, the scale being several billion kilograms per year.
Polystyrene can be in either a thermoset or a thermoplastic form.
Allometry
Allometry is the study of the relationship of body size to shape. In particular, it refers to the rate of growth of one part of the body compared to other parts. In most cases, the relative size of body parts changes as the body grows. Most allometric relationships are adaptive. For example, organs which depend on their surface area (such as the intestine) grow faster as the body weight increases.
Also, there are changes in allometry as a clade evolves. Allometry is an important way to describe changes in gross morphology (body shape) during evolution. Changes in time of development in an evolutionary series or clade are very common. The trend is known as heterochrony.
Allometry was first outlined by Otto Snell in 1892, D'Arcy Thompson in 1917, and Julian Huxley in 1932. The relationship between two measured quantities is often expressed as a power law:
where formula_3 is the scaling exponent of the law.
JBS Haldane's 1926 essay "On being the right size" gives an overview of the way size interacts with body structure. Haldane's thesis is that sheer size very often defines what bodily equipment an animal must have:
Many of his examples are based on the square-cube law. If an animal's length is doubled, its surface area will be squared and its weight cubed. This alone causes allometric changes in any evolutionary lineage where successive species get larger of smaller. There are many such lineages.
The bigger an animal gets, the more would they have to change their physical shape, but the weaker they would become.
Keiko Ikeda
, also known by her married name as , is a Japanese amateur athlete, coach, university professor and sports administrator. She is best known as a gymnast who competed in the 1956 Summer Olympics, in the 1960 Summer Olympics, and in the 1964 Summer Olympics.
She won a gold medal on the balance beam at the 1954 World Gymnastics Championships. She is the only Japanese woman to win a gold medal in this international competition.
Abhinav Bindra
Abhinav Bindra (born September 28, 1982, in Dehradun) is an Indian amateur athlete and businessman. He is best known as the current World and Olympic champion in the 10 m Air Rifle event.
At the Beijing Olympic Games, he became the first Indian to win an individual Olympic gold medal.
He was born in Punjab. He became interested in shooting a gun as a sport when he was in school in Chandigarh
Lake Mackay
Lake Mackay (Pintupi: "Wilkinkarra") is a large salt lake in central Australia. It stretches across the border between Western Australia and the Northern Territory. All around it is desert. The Great Sandy Desert is to the northwest, the Tanami Desert is to the northeast, and the Gibson Desert is to the south. There are hundreds of salt lakes along this border area, and Lake Mackay is the largest. It has a surface area of , and is about long from east to west and north to south. It is the second-largest lake in Australia.
The lake was named after the first European to visit it, Donald George Mackay. The lake is most often dry, because of quick evaporation. Salt and other minerals float on the surface.
Lake Mackay is a central place in dreamtime stories for several Aboriginal groups, especially the Pintupi. The lake forms the centre of the Pintupi ancestral lands. Many sacred paths and tracks come together at the shores of the lake. According to mythology, the lake was formed after a fierce bushfire that ruined the land around it.
Papunya, Northern Territory
Papunya is a small community in central Australia. It is about northwest of Alice Springs in the Northern Territory. The people who live there are Aboriginal people who were forced off their traditional country during the 1930s and 1940s. They are mainly from Pintupi- and Luritja-speaking groups. In the 2006 census, Papunya had a population of 299. The town is now on private Aboriginal land. People visiting or travelling through need a permit.
During the late 1950s, a Lutheran mission was set up at Papunya. In the 1970s, many of the people living here moved back to their homelands as part of the outstation movement. The Pintupi moved back west, closer to their homeland around Lake Mackay. They set up the town of Kintore in 1981, about west of Papunya. During this time, local painters were slowly forming a new style of art. By the mid-1980s, it became internationally known as Papunya Tula.
William Thomas Stead
William Thomas Stead (5 July 1849 – 15 April 1912) was a British writer and journalist. He was a pioneer of investigative journalism, and one of the most controversial figures in British journalism during the Victorian era.
His death occurred during the sinking of RMS Titanic.
Kintore, Northern Territory
Kintore (Pintupi: "Waḻungurru"; ) is a remote town in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is about west of Alice Springs and close to the border with Western Australia. Almost all the people who live there are Aboriginal, and most are Pintupi.
Kintore was founded in 1981. Many Pintupi people who lived in the community of Papunya (to the east) decided to move back to their own country. They had been forced to leave these lands decades before because of weapons testing at Woomera in South Australia. Kintore is a major centre for the Western Desert art movement, which began at Papunya during the 1970s. The paintings made here are visual descriptions of dreamtime stories. They have gained fame around the world. A number of members of the Aboriginal art school Papunya Tula live at Kintore.
Tim Conway
Thomas Daniel "Tim" Conway (December 15, 1933 – May 14, 2019) was an American stand-up comedian, actor, director, writer, singer, voice artist, and comedian. He has worked in sitcoms, comedy sketches, and in movies. Conway is best known for "McHale's Navy" as Ensign Charles Parker. To younger viewers, Conway is known for Barnacle Boy in "SpongeBob SquarePants".
Conway was born Thomas Daniel Conway in Willoughby, Ohio on December 15, 1933. His mother was Romanian. He was raised in Chagrin Falls, Ohio.
Conway went to Bowling Green State University.
Conway was married twice: His first marriage was to Mary Anne Dalton in 1961.
Conway and Dalton had six children. One of them is radio host Tim Conway, Jr.. Conway and Dalton divorced in 1978. Conway's second marriage was in 1984 to Charlene Fusco. Conway and Ernest Borgnine were good friends until Borgnine's death in 2012.
Conway died on May 14, 2019, at the age of 85 from complications of normal pressure hydrocephalus.
List of settlements in Bulgaria
List of settlements in Burkina Faso
This is a list of cities and towns in Burkina Faso.
List of cities in Cambodia
This is a list of cities in Cambodia.
Cillian Murphy
Cillian Murphy (born 25 May 1976) is an Irish movie and theatre actor. Murphy is known for his multiple roles and his blue eyes.
Murphy was born on 25 May 1976 in Douglas, County Cork, Ireland. He was raised in Ballintemple, a suburb of Cork. His father, Brendan Murphy, worked for the Irish Department of Education. His mother is a French teacher. He went to University College Cork.
Murphy started his career as a rock musician. After he turned down a record deal, he started his acting career in a play in Disco Pigs in 1996. He went on to star in a British and Irish movie and stage production in the late 1990s and early 2000s. His first worldwide role was in 2003 as the hero in the horror movie "28 Days Later".
Murphy's best-known roles were villains in two blockbusters: Scarecrow in the superhero movie "Batman Begins", and as Jackson Rippner in the thriller movie "Red Eye". He also played the Scarecrow in the next two Batman movies: "The Dark Knight" and "The Dark Knight Rises". He played the orphan teen in the 2005's "Breakfast on Pluto". For that role, he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award. He played a 1920s Irish revolutionary in "The Wind That Shakes the Barley".
He has also played the main protagonist, Thomas Shelby, in the BBC drama "Peaky Blinders."
Murphy lived in London, England from 2001 until 2015 when he moved to Dublin, Ireland. He often works in or near a city. He has no thoughts of moving to Hollywood. He doesn't feel right with the celebrity circuit. He often gives interviews about his movies. He does not give information about his private life. He didn't appear on TV interviews until 2010. He won an Irish Film & Television Award in 2007. He won a Drama Desk Award in 2012.
Murphy married Yvonne McGuinness in 2004. They have two sons; Malachy (b. 2005) and Carrick (b. 2007). He currently lives in Monkstown, Dublin, Ireland.
Hurricane Charlie (1951)
Hurricane Charlie was the deadliest storm in 1951. It was the second hurricane of the year in the Atlantic hurricane season. This hurricane hit Jamaica with winds around Category 3 levels, strengthened to Category 4 at 135 miles an hour and then struck Mexican Yucatán Peninsula. The storm made its last landfall in the Tampico area of Mexico. Over 250 people died, half of whom near the Tampico region. This hurricane was Tampico's worst tropical cyclone since 1936.
Tom Hardy
Edward Thomas "Tom" Hardy, CBE, (born 15 September 1977) is an English movie, television, stage, voice actor and screenwriter. He is known for his roles in "", "RocknRolla", "Bronson", "Inception", "Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy", "This Means War", and the television series "".
For his work in that series, he earned a nomination for a BAFTA Award for Best Actor. He also played Freddie Jackson in Martina Cole's "The Take". That was a television movie based on Cole's novel of the same name. He played Bane in Christopher Nolan's 2012 movie "The Dark Knight Rises". Hardy also played Max Rockatansky in "" and as Venom in the 2018 movie "Venom".
Hardy appeared as Farrier in the 2017 Nolan movie "Dunkirk".
Hardy was born on September 15, 1977 in Hammersmith, London, England. He is an only child. His parents were Anne (née Barrett) and Edward "Chips" Hardy. He was raised in East Sheen, London. Hardy went to Reed's School, Tower House School, and the Drama Centre London.