AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
John Patler (, born January 6, 1938) is an American former neo-Nazi who was convicted of killing American Nazi Party leader George Lincoln Rockwell on August 25, 1967. He was born in New York City.
Patler was in the U.S. Marine Corps from 1958 to 1960, when he was honorably discharged after being arrested at an American Nazi Party rally.
Patler later became a captain in the American Nazi Party and the editor and cartoonist for the party's magazine, "Stormtrooper". However, he was expelled from the Party in March 1967 after disagreeing with party leader George Lincoln Rockwell about some of the party's policies.
Frazier Glenn Miller Jr.
Frazier Glenn Miller Jr. (November 23, 1940 – May 3, 2021), commonly known as Glenn Miller or Frazier Glenn Cross, was an American domestic terrorist and former leader of the White Patriot Party. Miller was a perennial candidate for public office.
He was a supporter of white nationalism, white separatism, Odinism, and antisemitism.
On April 13, 2014, Miller was arrested following the Overland Park Jewish Community Center shooting in Overland Park, Kansas. Johnson County prosecutors charged him with one count of capital murder and one count of first-degree murder. On October 17, 2014, the separate charge for first-degree murder was dismissed and all three deaths were included in a single capital murder count.
On August 31, 2015, Miller was found guilty in the Overland Park shooting of one count of capital murder, three counts of attempted murder and assault and weapons charges. Eight days later, the same jury recommended that Miller be put to death by lethal injection. On November 10, 2015, he was formally sentenced to death.
Miller died in prison at the El Dorado Correctional Facility in Butler County, Kansas on May 3, 2021. at the age of 80.
Overland Park Jewish Community Center shooting
On April 13, 2014, two shootings occurred at the Jewish Community Center of Greater Kansas City and Village Shalom, a Jewish retirement community, both located in Overland Park, Kansas. A total of three people were killed in the shootings, two of whom were shot at the community center and one shot at the retirement community.
The gunman, 73-year-old Frazier Glenn Miller Jr. of Aurora, Missouri, originally from North Carolina, was arrested during the attack and was subsequently tried, convicted of murder and other crimes, and sentenced to death. Miller is a former Klansman, neo-Nazi and former political candidate.
Aurora, Missouri
Aurora is a city in Lawrence County, Missouri, United States. The population was 7,508 at the 2010 census.
Mount Vernon, Missouri
Mount Vernon is a city in and the county seat of Lawrence County, Missouri, United States. The population was 4,575 as of the 2010 census.
The lumbar vertebrae in humans are the five vertebrae between the rib cage and the pelvis.
They are important parts of the vertebral column. They are called L1 to L5, starting at the top. The lumbar vertebrae help support the weight of the body, and allow movement. In particular, they connect to the pelvis.
Most people have five lumbar vertebrae, but some have four or six. Not much movement takes place between the lumbar vertebrae.
Embassy of the United States, Tehran
Economic sanctions
Economic sanctions are commercial and financial penalties applied by one or more countries against a state, group, or individual.
Economic sanctions are acted because of economic reasons, but also for political and military reasons.
Head Start is a program of the United States Department of Health and Human Services that gives early childhood education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to low-income children and families.
The program's services and resources are designed to help stable family relationships,children's physical and emotional health, and create an environment to for cognitive skills.
Timothy Kraft
Timothy E. Kraft (born April 10, 1941) is a retired Democratic political consultant. He is best known as the campaign manager for the unsuccessful reelection bid of U.S. President Jimmy Carter. He was born in Noblesville, Indiana.
In September 1980, only weeks before the general election, he stepped down after it his cocaine was discovered.
Cheongwadae (; Hanja: ; literally "pavilion of blue tiles"), also known as the Blue House, is the executive office and official residence of the President of the Republic of Korea.
It is located in Jongno-gu of the capital Seoul. The Blue House is the most protected official residence in Asia.
RSD-10 Pioneer
The RSD-10 "Pioneer" ( : "raketa sredney dalnosti (RSD) "Pioner""; ) was an intermediate-range ballistic missile with a nuclear warhead, that stayed in the Soviet Union from 1976 to 1988. It carried GRAU designation 15Ж45 ("15Zh45"). Its NATO reporting name was SS-20 Saber.
Intermediate-range ballistic missile
An intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) is a ballistic missile with a range of 3,000–5,500 km (1,864–3,418 miles), between a medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) and an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM).
IRBMs are currently operated by the People's Republic of China, India, Israel, and North Korea.
Demilitarisation
Demilitarisation or demilitarization may mean the lowering of state armed forces. It is the opposite of militarisation. For instance, the demilitarisation of Northern Ireland caused a lowring British security and military weapons. Demilitarisation in this sense is usually the result of a peace treaty ending a war or a major conflict.
Operation Cyclone was the code name for the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) program to arm and finance the mujahideen (jihadists) in Afghanistan from 1979 to 1989. The mujahideen were also supported by Britain's MI6.
Operation Cyclone was one of the longest and most expensive covert CIA operations ever. Funding officially began with $695,000 in 1979.
Mujahideen
Mujahideen ( "") is the plural form of mujahid (), the Arabic term for one engaged in "jihad" (literally, "struggle"). This is an English term to describe guerrilla-type militant groups led by the Islamist Afghan fighters in the Soviet–Afghan War. It now extends to other jihadist groups in other countries.
The English term "jihadists" is also related to the mujahideen.
Jihadism
"Jihadism" (also "jihadist movement", "jihadi movement" and variants) is a 21st-century neologism found in Western languages to describe Islamist movements seen by the military to be "rooted in Islam" and a threat to the West.
The term "jihadism" first appeared in South Asian media; Western journalists adopted it in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks of 2001.
One America Appeal
The One America Appeal is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization founded on 7 September 2017, by all five then living former U.S. Presidents: Jimmy Carter, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama. This aimed to encourage support for recovery efforts for Hurricane Harvey, but was then extended to include areas most affected by Hurricanes Irma and Maria.
The appeal was launched when the five former Presidents aired a joint PSA on the NFL’s regular season opening broadcast.
Aijalon Gomes
Aijalon Mahli Gomes (June 19, 1979 – November 17, 2017) was an American teacher. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts.
He was detained in North Korea for illegally entering the country through China on January 25, 2010. On August 27, 2010, it was announced that former U.S. president Jimmy Carter had secured Gomes's release. In May 2015, Gomes published an autobiography, "Violence and Humanity".
On November 17, 2017, he was found burned to death in what was ruled a suicide at a park in San Diego, California at the age of 38.
Tomás Borge
Tomás Borge Martínez (13 August 1930 – 30 April 2012) was a Nicaraguan politician and writer. He was the cofounder of the Sandinista National Liberation Front in Nicaragua and was Interior Minister of Nicaragua during one of the administrations of Daniel Ortega.
Borge also held the titles of "Vice-Secretary and President of the FSLN", member of the Nicaraguan Parliament and National Congress, and Ambassador to Peru.
The Elders (organization)
The Elders is an international non-governmental organisation of public figures known as elder statesmen, peace activists, and human rights advocates. They were brought together by Nelson Mandela in 2007. They describe themselves as "independent global leaders working together for peace and human rights".
The goal Mandela set for the Elders was to use their "almost 1,000 years of collective experience" to work on solutions for controversial and long-lasting problems such as climate change, HIV/AIDS, and poverty, as well as to "use their political independence to help resolve some of the world's most intractable conflicts".
Nairobi Agreement, 1999
The 1999 Nairobi Agreement was a deal signed by Presidents Yoweri Museveni of Uganda and Omar al-Bashir of Sudan in Nairobi, Kenya, on 8 December 1999.
The stated intent of the agreement was to "provide the critical impetus for resolving the northern Uganda conflict." The deal was brokered by former US president Jimmy Carter.
Emory University Hospital
Emory University Hospital is a 733-bed facility in Atlanta, Georgia, focusing in the care of acutely ill adults. Emory University Hospital is staffed by Emory University School of Medicine faculty who also are members of The Emory Clinic.
The hospital is known as one of the nation's leaders in cardiology and cardiac surgery, oncology, transplantation, ophthalmology, and the neurosciences.
United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
Hoover Medal
The Hoover Medal is an American engineering prize.
It has been given since 1930 for "outstanding extra-career services by engineers to humanity".
The prize is given jointly by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, American Society of Civil Engineers, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, and American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME).
It is named for Herbert Hoover, the first recipient, who was an engineer by profession.
Disappearance of Brian Shaffer
Brian Shaffer (born February 25, 1979) was a medical student at Ohio State University. On the night of March 31, 2006, Shaffer went out with friends to celebrate the beginning of spring break. He was separated from them and they thought he had gone home. Shaffer has not been seen or heard from since. The case has received national media attention.
Columbus police have several theories about what happened; some interest and suspicion has been directed at a friend of Shaffer's who went with him that night but who has refused to take lie detector tests about the incident.
While foul play has been suspected, including the possible involvement of the Smiley Face serial killer, it has also been speculated that he might be alive and living somewhere else under a new identity.
Smiley face murder theory
The Smiley face murder theory (variations include Smiley face murders, Smiley face killings, Smiley face gang, and others) is a theory believed by retired New York City detectives Kevin Gannon and Anthony Duarte. They say that a number of young men found dead in bodies of water across several Midwestern American states from the late 1990s to the 2010s did not accidentally drown. They believe that they were victims of a serial killer or killers.
The term "smiley face" became connected to the alleged murders when it was made public that the police had discovered graffiti showing a smiley face near locations where they think the killer dumped the bodies in at least a dozen of the cases.
Gannon wrote a textbook case study on the subject titled "Case Studies in Drowning Forensics". The response of law enforcement investigators and the Federal Bureau of Investigation to not believe in this theory and had investigated it saying that it is a hoax.
Ahmed Al-Qadri
Ahmed Al-Qadri (1956 – 3 September 2020) was a Syrian agricultural engineer and politician. He was born in Al-Hasakah, Syria. He was a member of Bashar al-Assad's cabinet. He was Minister of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform between February 2013 to August 2020.
Al-Qadri died of COVID-19 on 3 September 2020 at a hospital in Damascus at the age of 64.
André Lespagnol
André Lespagnol (26 July 1943 – 13 September 2020) was a French politician and professor. He was a professor at the University of Rennes 2, focusing on the history of Saint-Malo. He was President of the University of Rennes 2 from 1991 to 1996. In 2004, he was elected Vice-President of the Regional Council of Brittany, serving until 2010. He was born in Crozon, France.
Lespagnol died on 13 September 2020 at the age of 77.
Russ Meekins Jr.
Edward Russell Meekins Jr. (1949 – September 13, 2020) was an American politician. He was a member of the Alaska House of Representatives between 1973 to 1975 and again from 1977 to 1983. His father Russ Meekins Sr. was also a politician. Meekins was a member of the Democratic Party. He was born in Anchorage, Alaska.
Meekins Jr. died on September 13, 2020 in Massachusetts at the age of 71.
Vital Alsar
Vital Alsar Ramírez (August 7, 1933 – September 15, 2020) was a Spanish-born Mexican sailor and scientist. He made several extremely long sailing expeditions. He was born in Santander, Cantabria. He was known for having sailed .
Between 1966 and 1973, Alsar led three expeditions by raft across the Pacific Ocean, from Ecuador and Australia. The first expedition failed, but the second and third succeeded, both setting the record for the longest known raft voyages in history— and .
Vital later replaced the rafts with galleons to carry out the project ""Mar, hombre y paz"", which was begun in 1980. This expedition took the "trapo blanco" (white rag), around the world on board the "La Marigalante".
Alsar died on September 15, 2020 in Mexico City at the age of 87.
Parliament of Uganda
The Parliament of Uganda is the country's unicameral legislative body.
The most significant of the Ugandan parliament's job is to pass laws. The fiscal issues of the government, such as taxation and loans need the sanction of the parliament, after appropriate debate.
Faith Alupo
Faith Alupo (9 October 1983 – 15 September 2020) was a Ugandan politician. She was a Member of Parliament, representing the Pallisa District. She was elected to that position in June 2018. She was a member of the National Resistance Movement.
Alupo died on 15 September 2020 in Kampala, Uganda from COVID-19 at the age of 36.
John Ferris (swimmer)
John Edward Ferris (July 24, 1949 – September 13, 2020) was an American competition swimmer and former world record-holder. He was born in Sacramento, California.
Ferris won two bronze medals at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. He received a gold medal in the 200-meter butterfly at the 1967 World University Games, where he set a new world-record time of 2:06.0.
Ferris died in Walnut Creek, California on September 13, 2020 from lung cancer, aged 71.
John Ferris
John Ferris may refer to:
Ahmed Ben Salah
Ahmed Ben Salah () (13 January 1926 – 16 September 2020) was a Tunisian politician and trades union leader. His ideas for a planned economy were important for Tunisia's economic development between 1957 to 1969. He was born in Moknine, Tunisia. Ben Salah was the Minister of Finance between 1961 to 1969.
Ben Salah died on 16 September 2020 in Tunis at the age of 94.
Hurricane Alice (December 1954)
Hanson, Massachusetts
Hanson is a town in Plymouth County in the state of Massachusetts. One of the inland towns of the South Shore, the population was 10,209 at the 2010 census.
Stanley Crouch
Stanley Lawrence Crouch (December 14, 1945 – September 16, 2020) was an American poet, music, and cultural critic. He was best known for his jazz criticism and his 2000 novel "Don't the Moon Look Lonesome?" Crouch was born in Los Angeles. He was also a known critic of jazz in New York City and worked with "The New York Times".
Crouch died on September 16, 2020 at a hospital in New York City at the age of 74.
Núria Gispert i Feliu
Núria Gispert y Feliu (6 June 1936 – 16 September 2020) was a Spanish politician, Catholic activist and social worker. She was born in Barcelona. She was a member of the Socialists' Party of Catalonia. Between 1979 to 1995, she was a member of the City Council of Barcelona.
Feliu died on 16 September 2020 in Barcelona of colon cancer at the age of 84.
Enrique Irazoqui
Enrique Irazoqui (5 July 1944 – 16 September 2020) was a Spanish actor and political activist. He was born in Barcelona. Irazoqui was best known for his role as Jesus Christ in the 1964 movie "The Gospel According to St. Matthew".
Irazoqui died on 16 September 2020 in Barcelona at the age of 76.
Ed Bearss
Edwin Cole Bearss (; June 26, 1923 – September 15, 2020) was an American military historian and writer. He was a United States Marine Corps veteran of World War II.
He was known for his work on the American Civil War and World War II eras. He was a tour guide of historic battlefields for The Smithsonian Associates and was Chief Historian of the National Park Service from 1981 to 1994. He was born in Billings, Montana.
Bearss died at his home in Arlington, Virginia on September 15, 2020 at the age of 97.
Jack Kelley (ice hockey)
John Henry "Jack" Kelley (July 10, 1927 – September 15, 2020) was an American ice hockey coach. He was a member of the United States Hockey Hall of Fame. Kelley was the first general manager and head coach of the New England Whalers of the World Hockey Association (WHA).
He was head coach at Boston University. He was born in Medford, Massachusetts.
Kelley died on September 15, 2020 at the age of 93.
William Henry Danforth
William Henry Danforth II (April 10, 1926 – September 16, 2020) was an American physician, professor of medicine, and academic administrator. He was chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis from 1971 until 1995. He was the brother of former U.S. Senator John Danforth. Danforth was born in St. Louis, Missouri.
Danford died on September 16, 2020 in St. Louis from problems caused by a fall at the age of 94.
Maxim Martsinkevich
Maxim Sergeyevich Martsinkevich (, 8 May 1984 – 16 September 2020), better known as Tesak ("Cleaver", "Hatchet", "Hand Axe", "Machete"), was a Russian neo-Nazi activist, media personality, vlogger, and the leader and co-founder of the Restruct movement.
He was known for his white power skinhead and the leader of the far-right youth group Format 18. He was also a key member of Occupy Pedophilia.
Martsinkevich received three prison sentences for inciting racial or ethnic hatred. Tesak was first indicted in 2007, after disrupting political debates by performing the Nazi salute and yelling "Sieg Heil!" at a book club in Moscow. In 2009, he was sentenced to three years for making a video with racist content.
In the autumn of 2013, Tesak was indicted again for releasing new videos featuring racist remarks. As a result, on 15 August 2014, he was sentenced to five years in prison. On 11 November 2014, the court reduced the sentence to two years and 10 months.
On 27 June 2017, the Babushkinsky district court of Moscow sentenced Martsinkevich to ten years in a strict regimen corrective labor colony for his involvement in attacks targeting synthetic cannabinoids dealers.
He killed himself in prison on 16 September 2020 at the age of 36.
Balli Durga Prasad Rao
Balli Durga Prasad Rao (15 June 1956 – 16 September 2020) was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, lower house of the Parliament of India in the 2019 Indian general election. He was a member of the YSR Congress Party. Rao was also a member of the Andhra Pradesh MLA from 1985 to 1989, 1994 to 1999, and 2009 to 2014.
Rao died at a medical center in New Delhi on 16 September 2020 from COVID-19, aged 64.
Main's frog
Main's water-holding frog, Main's frog, the sheep frog or western collared frog ("Ranoidea maini") is a frog from Australia. It lives in the Northern Territory, South Australia and Western Australia.
This frog can live on flood plains, claypans, grassland and wetlands that dry up. It lays eggs whenever there is enough water, and the tadpoles grow into frogs quickly.
This frog is 5.0 cm long with a round body. The skin on its back is gray or brown with darker marks. Some frogs can change the color of their skin, making it much lighter in color in a few hours. Their front feet are not webbed, and their hind feet are webbed about halfway.
This frog is named after frog scientist Albert Main.
Whirlpool (movie)
Whirlpool is a 1949 American crime drama movie directed by Otto Preminger and based on the novel "Methinks the Lady" by Guy Endore. It stars Gene Tierney, Richard Conte, José Ferrer, Charles Bickford, Barbara O'Neil, Eduard Franz, Constance Collier and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Saefullah
Saefullah (11 February 1964 – 16 September 2020) was an Indonesian politician and educator. He was born in Jakarta, Indonesia. He was the Mayor of Central Jakarta from 2010 to 2014. He was also Regional Secretary of Jakarta from 2014 until his death.
Saefullah died on 16 September 2020 at a hospital in Jakarta from COVID-19, aged 56.
Tony Tanner
Tony Tanner (27 July 1932 – 8 September 2020) was a British actor, theatre director and choreographer. He was born in Hillingdon, Middlesex. His career began in 1953. He directed "Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat" in the West End production in 1970. He also starred as Terry in "Strictly for the Birds" (1964) and as Littlechap in "Stop the World – I Want to Get Off" (1966).
Tanner died at his home in Los Angeles on 8 September 2020 at the age of 87.
Edwin M. Cronk
Edwin Monroe Cronk (May 20, 1918 – September 1, 2020) was an American politician. He was the third United States Ambassador to Singapore from 1972 to 1975 during the Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford presidencies. He was born in Minneapolis. He was Dean and Director of Deep Springs College from 1976 to 1980.
Cronk died on September 1, 2020 at the age of 102.
Emil Kraepelin
Emil Wilhelm Georg Magnus Kraepelin (; ; 15 February 1856 – 7 October 1926) was a German psychiatrist. He is the founder of modern scientific psychiatry, psychopharmacology and psychiatric genetics.
John Kricfalusi
Michael John Kricfalusi (; born September 9, 1955), known professionally as John K., is a Canadian blogger, former animator and voice actor. He is best known for creating the Nickelodeon animated television series "The Ren & Stimpy Show", voicing Ren and being the original singer for the song Happy Happy Joy Joy on the show and for voicing Dr. Theopolis in Buck Rogers in the 25th Century and in the 1979 film of the same name. He was born in Chicoutimi, Quebec.
In 2018, Kricfalusi was accused of sexually abusing underage girls in the late 1990s. Kricfalusi released an apology for his behavior, blaming his bipolar disorder.
Liladhar Vaghela
Liladhar Vaghela (17 February 1935 – 16 September 2020) was an Indian politician. He was born in Gujarat, Indian. He was a member of Lok Sabha between 2014 to 2019 as a member of the Indian National Congress. He was also a member of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly betweem 1975 to 1980, 1985 to 1995, 1998 to 2002 and lastly from 2007 to 2014.
Vaghela died on 16 September 2020 in Gandhinagar, Gujarat from acute respiratory failure, aged 85.
September 2020 Western United States wildfires
In 2020, the Western United States experienced a series of major wildfires.
Intense August thunderstorms lit many wildfires across California, Oregon, and Washington, followed in early September by additional ignitions across the West Coast.
Fanned by strong, gusty winds and fueled by hot, dry terrains, many of the fires exploded and coalesced into record-breaking, fire cloud producing, megafires, burning more than of land. It has killed at least 35 people, with many more still missing.
Climate change and poor forest management practices led to the severity of the wildfires.
B. C. Kamble
Bapu Chandrasen Kamble (born 15 July 1919), commonly known as B. C. Kamble, is an Indian politician, writer, editor, jurist, and social activist. He was born in Maharashtra, India. He is a member of the Republican Party. Between 1957 to 1962 and again from 1977 to 1979, he was a member of the Lok Sabha.
He was also a member of the Bombay Legislative Assembly from 1952 to 1957. In 1984, he unsuccessfully ran for Vice-President of India losing to R. Venkataraman.
During 1956 to 1957, he was a Professor of Constitutional Law in Siddharth College of Law, Mumbai.
Sushilkumar Shinde
Sushilkumar Sambhaji Shinde (born 4 September 1941) is an Indian politician. He was the Minister of Home Affairs and Power in the Manmohan Singh government.
He was also the Leader of the House in Lok Sabha until 26 May 2014.
He was the Chief Minister of the state of Maharashtra during 18 January 2003 to October 2004.
Shinde unsuccessfully ran for Vice-President of India in 2002, but lost the election to Bhairon Singh Shekhawat.
Pinner
Pinner is an area in Greater London, in the London Borough of Harrow. It is 12 miles (19 km) northwest from Charing Cross. Previously it was in Middlesex, as that county used to be.
Pinner is close to the northern border of the London Borough of Hillingdon.
Small frog
René Marqués
René Marqués was an important Puerto Rican playwright. He was born on October 4, 1919 in Arecibo, Puerto Rico.  He died on March 22, 1979 in San Juan.  Critics say he is the most important Puerto Rican playwright of the 20th Century.
He studied at the College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts. He earned a degree in agronomy in 1942. He studied drama at the University of Madrid in 1946 and Columbia University in New York in 1949. Family. He married Serena Velasco in 1942. They divorced in 1957. He had two sons and one daughter.
He had many jobs. He worked as an agronomist for the Department of Agriculture (1943-46). He managed a department store from 1946 to 1949. He was also a college teacher and a journalist in San Juan in the 1950s. He founded the Experimental Theater of the Atheneum in 1951.
He won a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation in 1949. He also won many literary prizes in Puerto Rico.
He wrote theater plays, short stories, and essays.   His most famous play is "The Oxcart (1956)" or "La Carreta" (which means "The Wagon"). It is the story of a Puerto Rican family who move from Puerto Rican countryside to New York City for a better life. The family has a hard time becoming like their neighbors. They go back home to live on a farm in Puerto Rico, but they find it is hard to go back to the way they were.
In 1959, he published three plays in one book. The book was called "Teatro" ("Theater"). The first play was "La muerte no entrará en palacio" ("Death Will Not Enter the Palace"). This play was about a governor who betrays his ideals. The second play was called "Un niño azul para esa sombra" ("A Blue Child for That Shadow"). The third play was the most successful, "Los soles truncos" ("Maimed Suns"). "Los soles truncos" tells the story of three sisters who do not like modern life.
He influenced later Puerto Rican playwrights, such as Luis Rafael Sanchez (author of "Antigone"), Pedro Pietri (author of "The Masses are Asses"), and Lin-Manuel Miranda (author of "Hamilton"). He influenced the Puerto Rican writer Giannina Braschi (author of Yo-Yo Boing!).
Puerto Rican literature
Puerto Rico has a vibrant literature. Puerto Rican poetry, novels, essays, and theater plays are mostly written in Spanish. However, Puerto Rican authors sometimes write in a mixture of Spanish and English and in English. The most important authors are René Marqués, Julia de Burgos, Rosario Ferrer, Luis Rafael Sanchez, Giannina Braschi, Lin-Manuel Miranda, and Esmeralda Santiago.
Puerto Rican women novelists have been successful internationally. They have won many prizes. Their books have been translated into many languages. They write satires, humorous novels, poems, and political essays The island's storytellers include Rosario Ferrer ("Eccentric Neighborhoods"), Giannina Braschi ("United States of Banana"), Ana Lydia Vega ("Pollito Chicken"), Mayra Santos ("Sirena Selena"), and Esmeralda Santiago ("When I Was Puerto Rican"). The major female poets are Julia de Burgos (who wrote lyrical poems such as "Yo fui mi ruta") and Giannina Braschi (author the poetry epic "Empire of Dreams").
In the 20th century, many Puerto Ricans moved to New York City for a better life. They are called "Nuyorican." Nuyorican means Puerto Rican people who live in New York.
The most famous Puerto Rican novels are "Down These Mean Streets" by Piri Thomas and "Yo-Yo Boing!" by Giannina Braschi. Both books talk of New York City life for immigrants. Their books discuss the harsh side of the American Dream. Both novels also use a mixture of Spanish and English called Spanglish.
The Nuyorican movement is a tradition of poets, writers, artists, and musicians who create works about Puerto Rican life in New York City. The male poets include Miguel Algarin, Tato Laviera, Pedro Pietri ("Masses are Asses"), and Miguel Pinero (Outlaw). The main Nuyorican women poets are Sandra Maria Esteves and Giannina Braschi (Empire of Dreams).
The most famous Puerto Rican playwright is Lin Manuel Miranda, author of the Broadway musical "Hamilton". Miranda's successful musical won many awards, including Drama Desk Award and Pulitzer Prize for Drama. The play is about the American revolution in 1776. One actress Rosie Perez wrote an autobiography called ""Handbook for an Unpredictable Life: How I Survived Sister Renata and My Crazy Mother, and Still Came Out Smiling..."" (2014). Famous Puerto Rican plays are "Short Eyes" by Miguel Pinero and "The Oxcart" by René Marqués. Latino theater companies that produce Puerto Rican plays include Pregones, Puerto Rican Traveling Theater, and Aguijon Theater.
Born in Puerto Rico, USA
Born stateside
Giannina Braschi
Giannina Braschi (San Juan, Puerto Rico, 5 February 1953) is a Puerto Rican poet, novelist, and scholar. Her best-known books are "Empire of Dreams", "Yo-Yo Boing!", and "United States of Banana".
Giannina Braschi was a model, singer, and tennis champion in her childhood. Her family imported cars to Puerto Rico. She studied literature and philosophy in Madrid, Rome, London, Paris, and New York. She has a Ph.D. in Hispanic Literature. She taught at Rutgers University. Her life's work is the subject of the book "Poets, Philosophers, Lovers: On the Writings of Giannina Braschi".
She is also an activist. She advocates for the independence of Puerto Rico from the United States.
Giannina Braschi writes in Spanish, Spanglish, and English. She writes about love, creativity, immigration, and liberty. She is "one of the most revolutionary" writers in Latin America today." The word "revolutionary" means to her style is very creative. She also writes about revolution.
She wrote the poetry epic "Empire of Dreams" (1988) about New York City. Her poetry is humorours. She wrote the first Spanglish novel "Yo-Yo Boing!" (1998). Spanglish is a mix of the English and Spanish languages. She wrote the novel "United States of Banana" (2011) about terrorism and the collapse of the United States. The novel opens with the fall of the World Trade Center in 2001, and ends with the liberation of Puerto Rico.
Her books have been turned into art books, photography, painting, and sculpture. There is a comic book of United States of Banana (2017) by the Swedish cartoonist Joakim Lindengren. The same book was turned into a play.
She has won awards from National Endowment for the Arts, New York Foundation for the Arts, Ford Foundation, Danforth, and Reed Foundations, Puerto Rican Institute of Culture, and PEN American Center, among others.
Murdoc Faust Niccals (born Murdoc Alphonce Niccals; 6 June 1966) is the fictional bassist for the British animated rock band Gorillaz. He is voiced by Phil Cornwell and was created by Damon Albarn and Jamie Hewlett.
Murdoc is portrayed as a middle-aged man with a black mop top haircut, green skin and black eyes. In some cases, especially in phases 1 and 2, his left eye is a dark red or grey colour. The colour of Murdoc's skin has changed over the years from a dark greenish olive to a lime-green colour, however the cause of this is unknown.
Nicolette Poulos
Nicolette Poulos (born 4 January 1977) is a South African female water polo player.
She played at the 2009 World Aquatics Championships, and 2011 World Aquatics Championships.
Catharanthus roseus
Sadabahar is a small plant with dark green oval leaves and flat petalled pink flowers. It is the source of vinca alkaloids, used in chemotherapy (as vinblastine, vincristine, etc) for leukaemia and other cancers. Has been used as a herbal remedy for diabetes. Its investigation as a treatment for arthritis led to the discovery of its cytotoxic properties. It the Provincial flower of the Punjab in Pakistan.
Hayley Duncan
Hayley Duncan (born 20 May 1981) is a South African female water polo player.
She played at the 2009 World Aquatics Championships.
Laura Barrett
Laura Barrett (born 1986) is a South African water polo player.
Tammy Heydenrych
Tammy Heydenrych (born 1980) is a South African water polo player.
She played at the 2009 World Aquatics Championships. and 2009 Women's Water Polo World League.
Sarah Harris
Sarah Lee Harris (born 11 November 1987 Cape Town) is a South African water polo player.
She played for University of the Pacific, and Arizona State University.
Christine Barretto
Christine Barretto (born 1980) is a South African water polo player.
She played at the 2009 FINA Women’s Water Polo World League, 2009 World Aquatics Championships, and 2011 World Aquatics Championships.
Samantha Keet
Samantha Keet (born 15 July 1988) is a South African water polo player.
Mbali Mpofu
Mbali Mpofu (born 1990) is a South African water polo player.
Republican Party (Liberia)
The Republican Party (or Liberian Party) was a political party in Liberia. The people in the party are mostly Americo-Liberians who had mixed African and European ancestry. The True Whig Party is the opposing party.
Winston Groom
Winston Francis Groom Jr. (March 23, 1943 – September 17, 2020) was an American novelist and non-fiction writer. He was born in Washington, D.C. but raised near Mobile, Alabama.
He was best known for writing "Forrest Gump", which was made into the popular 1994 movie "Forrest Gump". He published a sequel, "Gump and Co.", in 1995.
He also wrote many non-fiction works such as about the American Civil War and World War I.
Groom died on September 17, 2020 in Fairhope, Alabama from a heart attack at the age of 77.
Czech Academy of Sciences
The Czech Academy of Sciences (abbr. CAS, , abbr. AV ČR) was created in 1992 by the Czech National Council. It replaced the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. The Academy is the leading non-university public research institution in the Czech Republic. It is located in the Czech capital of Prague.
Luboš Perek
Luboš Perek (26 July 1919 – 17 September 2020) was a Czech astronomer. He was born in Prague. Perek was best known for his "Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae" co-written in 1967 with Luboš Kohoutek.
From 1967 to 1970, he was General-Secretariat of the International Astronomical Union.
He worked on the mass in the galaxy, high-velocity stars, planetary nebulae, definition of outer space, geostationary orbit, space debris, and management of outer space.
Perek turned 100 in July 2019. He died on 17 September 2020 in Prague, aged 101.
Ashok Gasti
Ashok Gasti (1965 – 17 September 2020) was an Indian politician and a lawyer. He was born in Raichur, Karnataka. He represented Karnataka in the Rajya Sabha for less than 3 months until his death in 2020. He was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Gasti died of COVID-19 on 17 September 2020 at a hospital near Udupi, Karnataka at the age of 55.
Ricardo Ciciliano
Ricardo Manuel Ciciliano Bustillo (September 23, 1976 – September 17, 2020) was a Colombian football midfielder. Ciciliano was born in Barranquilla, Colombia. He mainly played for Millonarios F.C. with 65 appearances and with Juan Aurich with 58 appearances.
Ciciliano died on September 17, 2020 at a hospital in Barranquilla from pneumonia caused by COVID-19, aged 43.
Roy C
Roy Charles Hammond (August 3, 1939 – September 16, 2020), better known as Roy C or Roy "C", was an American southern soul singer-songwriter and record executive. He was best known for his songs "Shotgun Wedding" and "Impeach the President". He was born in Newington, Georgia.
Hammond died on September 16, 2020 in Allendale, South Carolina from liver cancer at the age of 81.
Newington, Georgia
Newington is a town in Screven County, Georgia, United States. The population was 322 at the 2000 census.
Wang Zhiliang
Wang Zhiliang (; 1941 – 15 September 2020) was a Chinese table tennis player and coach. At the 1963 World Table Tennis Championships, he and partner Zhang Xielin became the first Chinese duo to win the men's doubles gold medal in world championships. He was born in Xushui District, China.
Wang died on 15 September 2020 from a stroke in Beijing at the age of 79.
Steve Carter (playwright)
Horace Edward "Steve" Carter Jr. (November 7, 1929 – September 15, 2020) was an American playwright. Carter was best known for his plays involving Caribbean immigrants living in the United States. He was born in New York City. He was known for writing the 1978 play "Nevis Mountain Dew". He was a playwright-in-residence at Victory Gardens Theater in Chicago.
Carter died on September 15, 2020 in Tomball, Texas at the age of 90.
Russell A. Anderson
Russell A. Anderson (May 28, 1942 – September 15, 2020) was an American politician and attorney. He was Chief Justice of the Minnesota Supreme Court from 2006 to 2008. He was an Associate Justice of the court from September 1, 1998 until he was 2006. He was born in Bemidji, Minnesota
Anderson died on September 15, 2020 at the age of 78.
Anne Stevenson
Anne Stevenson (January 3, 1933 – September 14, 2020) was an American-British poet and writer. She received the Lannan Literary Award in 2007. Stevenson was born in Cambridge, England, but went to America at six months old. There she spent her childhood and youth. She hoped to be a musician, but she gradually lost her hearing, so switched to being a writer. Once she got her university degree, she decided to return to England where she settled for the rest of her life. In the 1960s she lived and wrote in Cambridge, Glasgow, Dundee and Oxford. She was writer in residence at the University of Dundee and co-founded "Other Poetry" (magazine). She wrote the controversial biography of the American poet Sylvia Plath.
Stevenson died on September 14, 2020 at the age of 87.
Gordon Getty
Gordon Peter Getty (born December 20, 1933) is an American businessman, investor, philanthropist and classical music composer.
He is the fourth child of oil tycoon J. Paul Getty. His mother, Ann Rork, was his father's fourth wife.
Getty got control of Getty's US$2 billion trust after his father's death. His net worth was $2.1 billion in May 2019, making him number 383 on the Forbes 400 list of the wealthiest Americans.
Reggie Johnson (musician)
Reginald Volney Johnson (December 13, 1940 – September 11, 2020) was an American jazz double-bassist. He was born in Owensboro, Kentucky. He joined Art Blakey's band for a month-long residency at the Five Spot Café in December 1965.
He played and/or recorded with Bill Dixon, Sun Ra, and Burton Greene, Lonnie Liston Smith, Stanley Cowell, Bobby Hutcherson, Harold Land, Blue Mitchell, Walter Bishop Jr., Sonny Rollins, Sonny Stitt, Sarah Vaughan, Carmen McRae, Art Pepper, Kenny Burrell, Clark Terry, The Crusaders, Johnny Coles, and Frank Wess.
Johnson died on September 11, 2020 at the age of 79.
Tony Villars
Anthony Keith Villars (24 January 1952 – 9 September 2020) was a Welsh footballer. He was born in Pontypool, Wales. He made three appearances for the national team in 1974. From 1971 to 1976, he played for the Cardiff City F.C.. Between 1976 and 1977, he also played for the Newport County A.F.C..
Villars died on 9 September 2020 at the age of 68.
Luba Perchyshyn
Luba Perchyshyn (born Luba Mary Procai; October 10, 1923 – September 7, 2020) was an American businesswoman and crafter. She promoted the art of pysanky (Ukrainian decorated eggs). She was born in Minneapolis.
Perchyshyn co-authored several books, including "Ukrainian Easter Eggs and How We Make Them" (1979) and "The Ukrainian Design Book" (1999).
Perchyshyn's eggs were admired and sold internationally, and were included in White House holiday decorations and events.
Perchyshyn died on September 7, 2020 in Minneapolis at the age of 96.
Ethan Peters
Ethan Peters (March 8, 2003 – September 5, 2020) was an American beauty blogger, makeup artist, and social media personality. He had a large amount of followers on many social media platforms including Instagram and YouTube. He was known for his avant-garde, emo, and gay-inspired made-up style. Peters was the founder of the clothing line Hellboy.
Peters died of a drug overdose at his home in Huntsville, Texas on September 5, 2020 at the age of 17.
John Najarian
John Sarkis Najarian (December 22, 1927 – September 1, 2020) was an American transplant surgeon. He was a clinical professor of transplant surgery at the University of Minnesota. Najarian was an important person in the discovery and usage of thoracic transplant surgery. He was born in Oakland, California.
Najarian died on September 1, 2020 in Stillwater, Minnesota at the age of 92.
James A. Taylor
James Allan Taylor (May 2, 1928 – September 1, 2020) was a Canadian lawyer and politician. He was in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1971 to 1987 and was a cabinet minister in the government of Bill Davis. Taylor was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party. He was born in Timmins, Ontario.
Taylor served as the first mayor of Prince Edward County from 1997 to 2003.
Taylor died on September 1, 2020 in Belleville, Ontario at the age of 92.
Luboš Kohoutek
Luboš Kohoutek (, born 29 January 1935) is a Czech astronomer. He was known as a discoverer of minor planets and comets, including Comet Kohoutek which was visible to the naked eye in 1973. He also discovered comets 75D/Kohoutek and 76P/West–Kohoutek–Ikemura.
The main-belt asteroid 1850 Kohoutek was named after him.
British Academy
The British Academy is the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and the social sciences.
It was created in 1902 and received its royal charter in the same year.
The academy is a self-governing and independent registered charity, based at 10–11 Carlton House Terrace in London.
The British Academy is funded with an annual grant from the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS).
Udupi
Udupi, otherwise spelt "Udipi" and also known as Odipu, is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka. Udupi is located about north of the educational, commercial & industrial hub Mangalore and about west of state capital Bangalore by road.
Jeff Bergman
Jeffrey Allen Bergman (born July 10, 1960) is an American voice actor, comedian and impressionist. He is known for his voice work with "Looney Tunes" and Hanna-Barbera characters.
Bergman was the first to replace Mel Blanc as the voice of Bugs Bunny and several other Warner Bros. cartoon characters following Blanc's death in 1989.
Eric Bauza
Eric Adrian Bauza (born December 7, 1979) is a Canadian-born American voice actor, stand-up comedian and animation artist. His roles include Stimpy on "Ren and Stimpy "Adult Party Cartoon"", Rudolfo Rivera/White Pantera on "", Foop on "The Fairly OddParents" and Lord Stingray on "Superjail!", "The Powerpuff Girls".
He is also one of the current voices of characters such as Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Marvin the Martian, Pepé Le Pew, Tweety, Woody Woodpecker, Boo-Boo Bear, Ranger Smith, Scrappy Doo, and Dino.
Selectorate theory
Selectorate Theory is a political theory that attributes the actions of leaders to rational, calculated decisions based on acquiring and maintaining power, originally proposed by Bruce Bueno de Mesquita.
Originally proposed in 1993 as a part of a work titled "The Logic of Political Survival", co-written by Bruce Bueno de Mesquita, Alastair Smith, Randolph M. Siverson, and James D. Morrow, published by MIT Press. It discusses the selectorate theory of politics. Their theory was refined into a 2011 publication titled "The Dictator's Handbook." The main thesis of the book is the implications of selectorate theory and how to improve world and national politics based on its principles.
The theory is based on a single idea: No political leader has ever had total control of their government. Leaders need the support of at least some people to lead, because those people either do something for the leader or tell other people what to do. This means that there is a group of people the leader needs to persuade in order to obtain or keep power. These people are the selectorate, and are divided into three categories:
There are three groups of people that a leader, or their contenders, must remain aware of in order to keep, or acquire, power:
There are many ways that a leader and the selectorate interact with each other, mostly through the five rules that leaders follow to acquire and keep power.
There are two methods of governance that form using the Selectorate Theory: a government with few Essentials- called a small coalition- and a government with a large group of Essentials- called a large coalition.
Small coalition governments are autocracies such as North Korea or the Soviet Union. Although many people can vote in their elections, if there are any, a leader stays in power because of the very few people who are rewarded for their loyalty. In small coalition governments, a leader can simply bribe their Essentials with material rewards such as money or real estate.
Large coalition governments are governments that force leaders to appeal to large amounts of people to take power, such as through an election. This style of governance makes it implausible to bribe individual voters or Essentials, meaning a leader instead pools the money earned from taxes to create policy that disproportionately rewards their Essentials more than other groups.
With the basic idea of how a leader and their selectorate interact with each other, there are several ways that this manifests in domestic and foreign policy.
Monarchy is a system where a regent has a small court of lords whom support the ruler. However, those who are eligible to become a member of the court is also small. This means a contender can easily promise big rewards for those who are able to become members of the court who aren't already, while those in the court must always prepare to be replaced, meaning they are never as loyal as they could be.
As such, democracy and autocracy are more stable systems for a leader because these systems allow them to follow the Second Rule: keep the Nominal selectorate as large as possible.
Foreign aid with no strings attached, such as the giving of money from a wealthy nation to a less fortunate one, often acts as a symbiotic relationship between dictators and democrats. Large-coalition governments send foreign aid money to impoverished nations as a policy concession- thus retaining power- while the impoverished nations, who are often governed by small coalitions, distribute the money among the coalition instead of benefiting the people.
The Damned (1969 movie)
Hattie Morahan
Joe Ruklick
Joseph Ruklick ( (August 3, 1938 – September 17, 2020) was an American professional basketball player. He played in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played for the Philadelphia Warriors between 1959 to 1962. Ruklick was born in Princeton, Illinois.
Ruklick died of natural causes on September 17, 2020 in Evanston, Illinois at the age of 82.
Berni Alder
Berni Julian Alder (September 9, 1925 – September 7, 2020) was a German-born American physicist. His works focused in statistical mechanics, and an important person of numerical simulation in physics. He was born in Duisburg, Germany. In 2008, he became a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2009, he was honored with the National Medal of Science.
Alder died on September 7, 2020 at the age of 94.
Scheduled monument
In the United Kingdom, a scheduled monument is a nationally important archaeological site or historic building. The schedule legally protects the monument from unauthorised change.
The protection of scheduled monuments is given under the "Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979". There are about 20,000 scheduled monuments in England.