AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
SLS was not well-maintained, so Patrick Volkerding created a distribution based on SLS, which he called "Slackware"; released July 16, 1993. This is the oldest being developed.
People who used computers wanted to use Linux distributions as replacements to Microsoft Windows operating systems on the PC, Mac OS on the Apple Macintosh and proprietary versions of Unix.
Distributions are normally split into packages. Each package has a certain application or service. Examples of packages include a collection of fonts, or a web browser.
The package is usually given as compiled code, with installation and removal of packages done by a package management system.
Linux distributions usually contain much more software than Microsoft Windows or Mac OS X.
Well-known Linux distributions include:
There are tools available to help people make the decision easier.
A few screenshots of common distributions just after installation :
Bajaur Agency
Bajaur District is a district in Malakand Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan. Until 2018, it was an agency of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, then during restructuring that merged FATA with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, it became a district. According to the 2017 census, the population of the district is 1,093,684. It borders Afghanistan's Kunar Province with a 52 km border. The headquarters of the agency administration is located in the town of Khaar.
Bajaur is inhabited almost exclusively by Tarkani Pashtuns, and there are their main sub-tribes in Bajaur: Utmankhel, Tarkalanri as well as a small population of Safis. The Utmankhel are at the southeast of Bajaur, while Mamund are at the southwest, and the Tarkani are at the north of Bajaur. Its border with Afghanistan's Kunar province makes it of strategic importance to Pakistan and the region. Gujar are also present.Khyber Agency
Khyber () is a tribal area in Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) region of Pakistan. It includes:
Kurram Agency
Kurram or Karam () tribal agency is in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) area of Pakistan. Until the year 2000, when divisions were abolished, Kurram District used to be part of the Peshawar Division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
The Kurram River drains the southern flanks of the Safed Koh mountain range, and enters the Indus plains north of Bannu. It crosses the Afghan-Pakistan border about 80 km southwest of Jalalabad, and joins the Indus near Isa Khel after a course of more than 320 km (200 miles). The district has an area of 3,310 km² (1,278 sq. miles); the population according to the 1998 census was 448,310. It lies between the Miranzai Valley and the Afghan border, and is inhabited by the Bangash,Mangal para-Chamkani, orakzai and Turis, a tribe of Turki and Pathan origin. The language of the tribes is Pashto, the majority of the people is sunni but a minute number of Shia community are inhabited too
It is highly irrigated, well peopled, and crowded with small fortified villages, orchards and groves, to which a fine background is afforded by the dark pine forests and alpine snows of the Safed Koh. The beauty and climate of the valley attracted some of the Mogul emperors of Delhi, and the remains exist of a garden planted by Shah Jahan.
The Kurram River crosses the Afghan-Pakistan border about 80 km southwest of Jalalabad and in ancient times offered the most direct route to Kabul and Gardez, but the route crossed the Peiwar Pass 3,439 m (11,283 ft) high, just over 20 km west of Parachinar, which was blocked by snow for several months of the year.
Mohmand Agency
The Mohmand Agency () was created in 1951 before which the Mohmand Tribes were administered by the Deputy Commissioner based in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. However it was not until 1973 that the headquarters of the Mohmand agency were moved from Peshawar to Ekkagund. Now, the permanent agency headquarters is at Ghalanai, deep in the Mohmand agency. There is scant rainfall and little irrigated land, a factor responsible for the large demographic movements of the Mohmands to the fertile lands of Charsadda and Mardan districts to the east.
Sher Alam Mahsud is the "political agent" (or governor) of Mohmand as of July 2007
Orakzai Agency
North Waziristan Agency
North Waziristan () is the northern part of Waziristan, a mountainous region of northwest Pakistan, bordering Afghanistan and covering some 11 585 km² (4,473 mi²). It comprises the area west and south-west of Peshawar between the Tochi river to the north and the Gomal river to the south, forming part of Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). Miran Shah is capital of North Waziristan and (FATA). The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa lies immediately to the east. The region was an independent tribal territory from 1893, remaining outside of the British empire and Afghanistan. Tribal raiding into British territory was a constant problem for the British, requiring frequent punitive expeditions between 1860 and 1945. The region became part of Pakistan on independence in 1947.
Miran Shah
South Waziristan
South Waziristan () is the southern part of Waziristan, a mountainous region of northwest Pakistan, bordering Afghanistan and covering some 11,585 km² (4,473 mi²). It comprises the area west and southwest of Peshawar between the Tochi River to the north and the Gomal river to the south, forming part of Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province lies immediately to the east. The region was an independent tribal territory from 1893, remaining outside of British-ruled empire and Afghanistan. Tribal raiding into British-ruled territory was a constant problem for the British, requiring frequent punitive expeditions between 1860 and 1945. The region became part of Pakistan in 1947.
National Football League playoffs
The National Football League (NFL) playoffs are a single-elimination tournament that happen at the end of the 16-game regular season. The team who wins all these playoff games are the NFL champion.
1981–82 NHL season
The 1981–82 NHL season was the 65th season of the National Hockey League. Twenty-one teams each played 80 games. The William M. Jennings Trophy made its debut this year as the trophy for the goaltenders from the team with the fewest goals against. The New York Islanders won their third straight Stanley Cup by beating the Vancouver Canucks in four games.
Prior to the start of the season, the divisions of the league were re-aligned to better reflect the locations of the teams. The Patrick Division, which had been in the Clarence Campbell Conference, switched to the Prince of Wales Conference, while the Norris Division went the other way, going from the Wales Conference to the Campbell Conference. This divisional alignment existed until the 1993-94 season, at which point both the divisions and the conferences of the league were renamed to reflect geography.
New York Islanders vs. Vancouver Canucks
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1981–82 (listed with their first team, stars(*) mark start in playoffs):
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1981–82 (listed with their last team):
List of NHL franchise post-season appearance streaks
These are lists of active and all-time National Hockey League (NHL) franchise post-season appearance, post-season series win, Stanley Cup Final and Stanley Cup streaks up to and including the 2017–18 NHL season and subsequent 2018 Stanley Cup playoffs. These lists do not include the canceled 2004–05 NHL season.
A post-season appearance streak is continued by making the NHL playoffs in consecutive years after the regular season. Since the first round of the playoffs consists of 8 series, there will always be 16 teams in this list (of the 31 teams in the NHL).
This is a list of teams that have active post-season series win streaks. A post-season series win streak is continued by making the post-season and winning at least the first round series of the playoffs. Since the first round of the playoffs consists of 16 teams in 8 series, there will always be 8 teams in this list, the winners of those series.
This section has been updated to include teams who appeared in the 2017 Stanley Cup playoffs.
Consecutive seasons with at least one series victory.
Franz Xaver Süßmayr
Franz Xaver Süßmayr (also spelled "Süssmayr", born Schwanenstadt, Austria, 1766; died Vienna, 17 September 1803) was an Austrian composer. He is often remembered for finishing Mozart’s Requiem which Mozart had not finished when he died.
His father was a sacristan and teacher. His mother died when he was 6, and he left home at 13. He went to Kremsmünster to study in a Benedictine monastery. When his voice changed, he became a member of the orchestra as a violinist.
The abbey performed operas and Singspiele, so he had the opportunity to study the operas of Christoph Willibald Gluck and Antonio Salieri. He composed a number of stage works and a good deal of church music for the abbey.
After 1787 he became a student of Salieri in Vienna. In 1792 he also became the vice-director and composer at the Kärntnertortheater.
He helped Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart by copying out the music for "La clemenza di Tito" and "Die Zauberflöte" in 1791. In the same year Mozart died. He had not finished composing his Requiem. Süssmayr finished composing it and handed the completed work to Constanze, Mozart’s widow.
He composed Singspiele (German operas with spoken dialogue), and became Kapellmeister at the National Theater From this time until 1800, he was very successful and popular on the Viennese music scene. However, he became ill with tuberculosis and had to stop work. He died three years later in 1803.
Maronite Church
Maronites (, transliterated: Mawārinah, , ) are members of one of the Syriac Eastern Catholic Churches, with a heritage reaching back to Maron in the early 5th century. The first Maronite patriarch, John Maron, was appointed in the late 7th century. Although reduced in numbers and estimated to have lost their status as a majority in Lebanon itself. Today, Maronites remain one of the principal religious groups in the country.
Before the conquest by Arabian Muslims reached Lebanon, which resulted in the Arabization of both those who would become Islamized and those that would remain non-Islamized, the Lebanese people, including Maronites, spoke a dialect of Aramaic, but have been Arabic-speaking since at least the 15th century. Syriac however, still remains the liturgical language of the Maronite Church.
Pantomime (often called panto) is a kind of theatre entertainment usually performed around Christmas and the New Year in Britain and a few other English-speaking countries. It must not be confused with mime (acting with gestures but no speech). It is known for its comedy and audience participation. Pantomimes are usually meant for children-however they can be directed at adults.
A "pantomimos" in Ancient Greece used to be an entertainment performed by a solo dancer. In the Middle Ages a form of theatre developed called Commedia dell'arte. This was similar to a pantomime. They told a story which had certain fixed characters: the lovers, the father, the servants etc.
The pantomime first arrived in England as a short entertainment (entr'acte) between opera pieces. Eventually it became a separate show.
Today the pantomime is traditionally performed at Christmas. It is a show for children, but grownups like it as well. Usually a well-known story is told, e.g. Cinderella, Jack and the Beanstalk, Pinocchio, The Three Little Pigs, Puss in Boots, The Musicians of Bremen, Little Red Riding Hood and Goldilocks and the Three Bears and Snow White etc. There is a lot of spoken dialogue but there are also songs, and sometimes the audience join in. There are many traditions in pantomime. These are some of the main ones:
Michael Collins (astronaut)
Michael Collins (October 31, 1930 – April 28, 2021) was an American astronaut and test pilot. He was the pilot of the Apollo 11 mission to the moon.
Collins went to the United States Military Academy. After training, he joined the United States Air Force. He flew F-86s at Chambley-Bussieres Air Base, France. He got into the USAF Experimental Flight Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base in 1960. He tried to get into the second astronaut training group but he was not accepted. He did get into the third group.
Collins joined the third group of fourteen astronauts in 1963. He had 2 space flights. His first spaceflight was in Gemini 10. With John Young they joined up in space with two different spacecraft. Collins also did two space walks.
His second space flight was in "Apollo 11" where he was the command module pilot. While he kept going around the Moon, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed on the lunar surface. He is one of only 24 people to have flown to the Moon.
Collins left NASA in 1970. He took a job in the Department of State as Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs during the Richard Nixon presidency. A year later he became the director of the National Air and Space Museum. He did this job until 1978. He then became the undersecretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In 1980 he took the job as Vice President of LTV Aerospace. He left in 1985 to start his own business.
He was married to Patricia. They have three children: Kate, Ann and Michael, Jr. Kate is an actress, best known for her role as Natalie Marlowe Dillon in the daytime television drama "All My Children."
Collins died of cancer in Naples, Florida on April 28, 2021 at the age of 90.
Saturn V was the kind of launch vehicle used by NASA in a space program named after a god that ancient people liked (the Apollo program). The Saturn V carried Apollo 11 and the people in it to the Moon in 1969. Much of the rocket was planned by German engineer and scientist Wernher von Braun. 32 Saturn rockets were sent up to space, and the Saturn V was the largest. 15 Saturn V rockets were made and 13 were sent up to space. There were two Saturn V launches with no people in them, and the first manned Apollo flight using a Saturn V was Apollo 8 sent around the Moon on December 21, 1968.The Saturn V rocket was a three part machine. It stood high and weighed . The first rockets were able to carry . This was went up to for the later Apollo flights. The first and second stages gave the power to lift the rocket off the Earth. The first and second stages each had five engines. The first stage burned kerosene and liquid oxygen together. The other stages burned liquid oxygen with liquid hydrogen.
The first stage engines burned for 168 seconds which was able to lift Apollo to a height of and about away from the launch pad. The second stage burned for about 8 minutes to take Apollo through the upper atmosphere. At this time it was going .
The third stage was used for 2 minutes and 30 seconds to put Apollo into an Earth orbit. This was at a height of above the Earth. The third stage was started again and burned for 6 minutes to make the speed go up to needed to send Apollo off to the Moon.
Kajaani
Kajaani () is a town in the region of Kainuu, Finland. In 2009, it had a population of about 38,000. It covers an area of .
The forestry and lumber industries are important in Kajaani.
The former municipality of Vuolijoki was merged with Kajaani in 2007.
There are several people named Michael Collins:
Michael Collins (Irish leader)
Michael "Mick" Collins ( 16 October 1890 – 22 August 1922) was an Irish revolutionary leader. He was a Minister for Finance and Teachta Dála (TD "member of parliament") for Cork South in the First Dáil of 1919. He was also the Director of Intelligence for the IRA, and member of the Irish delegation during the Anglo-Irish Treaty negotiations. After that he was both Chairman of the Provisional Government and Commander-in-chief of the National Army. Throughout this time, at least as of 1919, he was also President of the Irish Republican Brotherhood. Under the rules of the Brotherhood this meant that he was President of the Irish Republic. Collins was shot and killed in August 1922, during the Irish Civil War.
He was born on his family farm named Woodfield in Sam's Cross near Clonakilty, West Cork. Michael Collins was the third son and youngest of eight children. Most biographies state his date of birth as 16 October 1890; however, his tombstone gives his date of birth as 12 October 1890. His father, also named Michael, was a member of the republican Fenian movement, but had left and settled down to farming. Collins was six years old when his father died.
After leaving school aged 15, Collins took the British Civil Service examination in Cork in February 1906. In 1910, he moved to London where he became a messenger at a London firm of stock brokers, Horne and Company. While in London he lived with his elder sister, and studied at King's College London. He joined the London GAA and, through this, the Irish Republican Brotherhood, a secret, oath-bound society dedicated to achieving Irish independence. In 1915, he moved to the Guaranty Trust Company of New York where he remained until his return to Ireland the following year.
Michael Collins first became known during the Easter Rising in 1916. A skilled organiser and very intelligent, he was highly respected in the IRB. When the Rising itself took place on Easter Monday, 1916, he fought alongside Patrick Pearse and others in the General Post Office in Dublin.
Collins, like many of the other participants, was arrested, almost executed. He was imprisoned at Frongoch internment camp. Collins became one of the leading figures in Sinn Féin after the Rising. This was a small nationalist party which the British government and the Irish media mistakenly accredited the Rising to. By October 1917, Collins had become a member of the executive of Sinn Féin and Director of Organisation of the Irish Volunteers. Éamon de Valera was president of both organisations.
Collins was nominated in the 1918 general election to elect Irish MPs to the British House of Commons in London. Collins won for Sinn Féin, becoming MP for Cork South. However, unlike their rivals in the Irish Parliamentary Party, Sinn Féin MPs had announced that they would not take their seats in Westminster, but instead would set up an Irish Parliament in Dublin.
That new parliament, called "Dáil Éireann" (meaning "Assembly of Ireland") met in the Mansion House, Dublin in January 1919, although De Valera and leading Sinn Féin MPs had been arrested.
In de Valera's absence, Cathal Brugha was elected Príomh Aire ('Main' or 'Prime', Minister', but often translated as 'President of Dáil Éireann'). He was replaced by de Valera, when Collins helped him escape from Lincoln Prison in April 1919.
The Irish War of Independence began on the same day that the First Dáil met on 21 January 1919. An ambush party of IRA volunteers acting without orders and led by Seán Treacy attacked a group of Royal Irish Constabulary men. They were escorting a shipment of gelignite to a quarry in Soloheadbeg, County Tipperary. Two policemen were shot dead during the fight. This incident is considered to be the first action taken in the Irish War of Independence.
In 1919, Collins had a number of roles. In the summer he was elected president of the IRB, Director of Intelligence of the Irish Republican Army. He also became the Minister for Finance. His ministry was able to organise a large bond issue in the form of a "National Loan" to fund the new Irish Republic. Collins and Richard Mulcahy were the two main organisers for the Irish Republican Army, in as far as it was possible to direct the actions of disorganised guerrilla units.
In 1920, the British offered a prize of £10,000 (equivalent to GB£474,000.00 / €535,026.83 in 2017) for information leading to the capture or death of Collins. His fame had so transcended the IRA movement that he was nicknamed "The Big Fellow".
In July 1921, the British suddenly offered a truce. Arrangements were made for a conference between the British government and the leaders of the as-yet unrecognised Irish Republic.
In August 1921, Eamonn de Valera made the Dáil upgrade his office from Prime Minister to President of the Irish Republic. This made him on the same level as George V in the negotiations. Eventually, however, he said that as the King would not attend, then neither would he. Instead, with the reluctant agreement of his cabinet, de Valera assembled a team of delegates to go in his place. The team was headed by Vice-President Arthur Griffith with Collins as Deputy.
The negotiations resulted in the Anglo-Irish Treaty which was signed on 6 December 1921. In it, a new state was agreed upon, called the "Irish Free State". The agreement made an all-Ireland state possible. The six-county region in the northeast could opt out of the Free State if they wanted to. If this happened, an Irish Boundary Commission was to redraw the Irish border. The Irish Free State was established in December 1922, and as expected, Northern Ireland opted to remain part of the United Kingdom proper.
Although it was not the republic he was fighting for, Collins concluded that the Treaty offered Ireland "the freedom to achieve freedom." He knew that the treaty, and in particular the issue of partition, would not be popular in Ireland. When he signed the treaty, he said "I have signed my own death warrant."
Sinn Féin split over the treaty, and the Dáil debated the matter bitterly for ten days until it was approved by a vote of 64 to 57. The Supreme Council of the IRB, which was informed in detail about the Treaty negotiations voted unanimously ("without exceptions") to accept the Treaty. The only exception was the later COS of the IRA Liam Lynch.
As expected, the Treaty was extremely controversial in Ireland.
First, Éamon de Valera, President of the Irish Republic until 9 January, had been unhappy that Collins had signed any deal without his and his cabinet's authorisation.
Second, the contents of the Treaty were bitterly disputed. De Valera and many other members of the republican movement did not want Ireland to be a dominion of the British Empire. They did not like the "symbolism" of having to give a statement of faithfulness to the British king.
The dividing of Ireland between the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland was not as controversial. One of the main reasons for this was that Collins was secretly planning to launch a guerrilla war against the Northern State. In the early months of 1922, he had sent IRA units to the border, and arms and money to the northern units. In May–June 1922, he and IRA Chief of Staff Liam Lynch organised an attack of both pro- and anti-treaty IRA units along the new border. This offensive was officially called off under British pressure on 3 June and Collins issued a statement that "no troops from the 26 counties, either those under official control [pro-treaty] or those attached to the [IRA] Executive [anti-treaty] should be permitted to invade the six county area."
The new Provisional Government () was formed under Collins, who became "President of the Provisional Government of Southern Ireland" (i.e., Prime Minister). He also remained Minister for Finance of Griffith's republican administration after de Valera stepped down.
In the months leading up to the outbreak of civil war in June 1922, Collins tried to heal the split in the nationalist movement and prevent civil war. De Valera, having opposed the Treaty in the Dáil, withdrew from the assembly with his supporters. Collins secured a compromise, "The Collins/De Valera Pact", whereby the two factions of Sinn Féin, pro- and anti-Treaty, would fight the soon-to-be Free State's first election jointly and form a coalition government afterwards. This Pact was agreed without Griffith's knowledge and he opposed it as a potential betrayal of the Treaty. For a time it appeared that a split would occur in the pro-Treaty ranks but Griffith relented realizing that Collins held all the power. His friendship with Collins did not survive. [ANTHONY J. JORDAN IN "ARTHUR GRIFFITH with James Joyce & WB Yeats - Liberating Ireland". Westport Books. pp. 173–5 & 188-189.]
To try and find a compromise, Collins proposed that the Free State would have a republican constitution, with no mention of the British king. However, the British did not sign the proposed republican constitution. They argued they had signed the Treaty in good faith and its terms could not be changed so quickly.
On 14 April 1922, a group of 200 anti-Treaty IRA men occupied the Four Courts in Dublin in defiance of the Provisional government. Collins, who wanted to avoid civil war at all costs, did not attack them until June 1922, when British pressure also forced his hand. After a final attempt to persuade the men to leave, Collins borrowed two 18 pounder artillery pieces from the British and bombarded the Four Courts until the men surrendered.
This led to the Irish Civil War as fighting broke out in Dublin between the anti-Treaty IRA and the provisional government's troops.
Under Collins' supervision, the Free State rapidly took control of the capital. In July 1922, anti-Treaty forces held the southern province of Munster and several other areas of the country. De Valera and the other anti-Treaty TDs supported the anti-Treaty IRA.
By mid-1922, Collins no longer really worked as Chairman of the Provisional Government. He became the Commander-in-Chief of the National Army, a formal uniformed army that formed around the pro-Treaty IRA.
Collins, along with Richard Mulcahy and Eoin O'Duffy decided on a series of seaborne landings into republican held areas. They re-took Munster and the west in July–August 1922. As part of this offensive, Collins travelled to his native Cork. This was against the advice of his companions, and despite suffering from stomach ache and depression. Collins is said to have told his comrades that "They wouldn't shoot me in my own county".
He recorded his plan for peace in his diary: Republicans must "accept the People's Verdict" on the Treaty, but could then "go home without their arms ("guns"). We don't ask for any surrender of their principles". "We want to avoid any possible unnecessary destruction and loss of life." But if Republicans did not accept his terms, "further blood is on their shoulders".
On the road to Bandon, at the village of "Béal na mBláth" (Irish, "the Mouth of Flowers"), Collins stopped to ask directions. However the man whom they asked, Dinny Long, was also a member of the local Anti-Treaty IRA. An ambush was then prepared for the convoy when it made its journey back to Cork city. They knew Collins would return by the same road as the two other roads from Bandon to Cork were destroyed by Republicans. The ambush party, commanded by Liam Deasy, opened fire on Collins' convoy.
Collins was killed in the gun battle, which lasted about 20 minutes, from 8:00 p.m. to 8:20 p.m. He was the only fatality. He had ordered his convoy to stop and return fire, instead of choosing the safer option of driving on in his touring car or transferring to the safety of the accompanying armoured car, as his companion, Emmet Dalton, had wished. They do not know who fired the fatal shot.
Collins' men brought his body back to Cork where it was then shipped to Dublin because it was feared the body might be stolen in an ambush if it were transported by road. His body lay in state for three days in Dublin City Hall where tens of thousands of mourners walked past his coffin to pay their respects. His funeral mass took place at Dublin's Pro Cathedral where a number of foreign and Irish dignitaries were in attendance. Some 500,000 people attended his funeral, almost one fifth of the country's population.
Eamon de Valera is reported to have stated in 1966:
"I can't see my way to becoming Patron of the Michael Collins Foundation. It is my considered opinion that in the fullness of time history will record the greatness of Collins and it will be recorded at my expense"
However, there is some doubt that de Valera ever made this controversial statement.
An annual commemoration ceremony takes place each year in August at the ambush site at Béal na mBláth, Cork.
There is also a remembrance ceremony in Glasnevin at Collins' graveside.
The Collins 22 Society established in 2002 is an international organisation dedicated to keeping the name and legacy of Michael Collins in living memory. The patron of the society is Nora Owen, grand-niece of Michael Collins.
The 1936 movie "Beloved Enemy", starring David Niven, is a fictionalised account of Collins' life. Unlike the real Michael Collins, the fictionalised "Dennis Riordan" (played by Brian Aherne) is shot, but recovers. "Hang Up Your Brightest Colours", a British documentary by Kenneth Griffith, was made for ITV in 1973, but refused transmission. It was eventually screened by the BBC in Wales in 1993 and across the United Kingdom the following year.
An Irish documentary made by Colm Connolly for RTE Television in 1989 called "The Shadow of Béal na Bláth" covered Collins' death. A made for TV film, "The Treaty", was produced in 1991 and starred Brendan Gleeson as Collins and Ian Bannen as David Lloyd George. In 2007 RTE produced a documentary entitled "Get Collins", centered around the intelligence war which took place in Dublin.
Collins was the subject of director Neil Jordan's 1996 film "Michael Collins", with Liam Neeson in the title role.
A school is an educational environment where children go to learn from a teacher. Topics such as reading, writing and mathematics are central to education. Most of a student's time is spent in a classroom. This is where 10 to 30 people sit to take part in educational discussion. In the United States, the average number of students per classroom in primary schools is 23.1.
The term "school" is used for many educational environments--particularly in North America. There are different types of schools: elementary schools (primary in the UK), middle schools (secondary in the UK), and so on.
In many places around the world, children must go to school for a certain number of years. Learning may take place in the classroom, in outside environments or on visits to other places. Colleges and universities are places to learn for students over 17 or 18 years of age. Vocational schools teach skills people need for jobs.
Some people attend school longer than others. This is because some jobs require more training than others, like for example becoming a doctor takes about 10-14 years of education. For young children, one teacher may teach all subjects. Teachers for older students are more specialized, and they only teach a few subjects. Common subjects taught include science, arts such as music, humanities, like geography and history, and languages.
Children with mental health problems, and problems such as autism and other conditions, usually do not go to regular schools. These children are given other ways to get schooling, like special schools. There also are special schools which teach things which regular schools do not.
Graduate schools are for students who have graduated from college.
Education for all is quite modern. In England, for example, most people could not read or write, even in the 18th century. We know this because when they got married, those who could not write put an 'X' on the certificate, and someone else wrote their name. Widespread education for reading and writing began in the 19th century.
Even when there was education, in most countries boys were taught differently from girls, and separately from girls, in a method called segregation. Long ago, most schools were run by religious denominations. That is because clerics were once almost the only people who were literate, meaning that they were able to read. Today, most countries have schools which accept both boys and girls. Despite this, some places still do have schools for girls. This is because some believe that girls do better in single-sex schools.
In many parts of the world, schools also help children learn things about life.
Pedagogy is the science of teaching children. Different schools use different ways of teaching. There is quite a lot of disagreement about what and how students should be taught. Many countries solve this by allowing different types of school, so parents and children have some choice. Choices may include home education, which is a controversial idea.
Worthing
Worthing is the largest town in West Sussex, England.
Super Bowl Most Valuable Player Award
Happy Meal
A Happy Meal is a meal made by McDonald's, and aimed at children. They come in a cardboard box, containing a main meal, usually a hamburger, cheeseburger, or McNuggets; french fries; a small drink; and a toy. Sometimes the toy ties in with a movie release.
Dalhem
Dalhem is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liège.
In 2007, 6585 people lived there.
It is at 50° 42 North, 05° 43 East.
Daverdisse
Daverdisse is a municipality in the Belgian province of Luxembourg.
In 2007, 1372 people lived there.
It is at 50° 01 North, 05° 07 East.
De Haan, Belgium
De Haan is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders.
In 2007, 12177 people lived there.
It is at 51° 16 North, 03° 01 East.
De Panne
De Panne is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders.
In 2007, 10153 people lived there.
It is at 51° 05 North, 02° 35 East.
De Pinte is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders.
In 2007 its population was 10273.
It is at 50° 59 North, 03° 39 East.
Deerlijk
Deerlijk is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders.
In 2007, 11372 people lived there.
It is at 50° 51 North, 03° 21 East.
Deinze
Deinze is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders. On 1 January 2019, the municipality of Nevele was merged into Deinze.
In 2007 its population was 28593.
Denderleeuw
Denderleeuw is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders.
In 2007, 17493 people lived there.
It is at 50° 53 North, 04° 05 East.
Dendermonde
Dendermonde is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders.
In 2007, 43521 people lived there.
It is at 51° 01 North, 04° 06 East.
Dentergem
Dentergem is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders.
In 2007, 8,191 people lived there.
It is at 50° 57 North, 03° 25 East.
Dessel
Dessel is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp.
In 2007, 8865 people lived there.
It is at 51° 14 North, 05° 06 East.
Destelbergen
Destelbergen is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders.
In 2007 its population was 17239.
It is at 51° 03 North, 03° 48 East.
Diepenbeek
Diepenbeek is a municipality in the Belgian province of Limburg.
In 2007, 17874 people lived there.
It is at 50° 54 North, 05° 25 East.
Diest
Diest is a municipality in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant.
In 2007, 22845 people lived there.
It is at 50° 59 North, 05° 03 East.
Diksmuide
Diksmuide is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders.
In 2007, 15764 people lived there.
It is at 51° 02 North, 02° 51 East.
Dilbeek
Dilbeek is a municipality in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant.
In 2007, 39585 people lived there.
It is at 50° 50 North, 04° 15 East.
Dilsen-Stokkem
Dilsen-Stokkem is a municipality in the Belgian province of Limburg.
In 2007, 19,171 people lived there.
It is at 51° 02 North, 05° 43 East.
Dinant
Dinant is a municipality in the Belgian province of Namur.
In 2007, 13143 people lived there.
It is at 50° 15 North, 04° 54 East.
Dison
Dison is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liège.
In 2018, 15,405 people lived there.
It is at 50° 36 North, 05° 51 East.
Doische
Doische is a municipality in the Belgian province of Namur.
In 2007, 2912 people lived there.
It is at 50° 08 North, 04° 44 East.
Donceel
Donceel is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liège.
In 2007, 2835 people lived there.
It is at 50° 38 North, 05° 19 East.
Dour
Dour is a municipality found in the Belgian province of Hainaut.
In 2007, its population was 16882.
It is found at 50° 23 North, 03° 46 East.
Drogenbos
Drogenbos is a municipality in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant.
In 2007, 4822 people lived there.
It is at 50° 47 North, 04° 19 East.
Duffel is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp.
In 2007, 16,140 people lived there.
It is at 51° 05 North, 04° 30 East.
Durbuy
Durbuy is a municipality in the Belgian province of Luxembourg.
In 2007, 10633 people lived there.
It is at 50° 21 North, 05° 27 East.
Ecaussinnes
Ecaussinnes is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.
In 2007, 10042 people lived there.
It is at 50° 34 North, 04° 10 East.
Edegem
Edegem is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp.
In 2007, 21616 people lived there.
It is at 51° 09 North, 04° 26 East.
Eeklo
Eeklo is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders.
In 2007, 19645 people lived there.
It is at 51° 11 North, 03° 34 East.
Eghezée
Eghezée is a municipality in the Belgian province of Namur.
In 2007, 14619 people lived there.
It is at 50° 35 North, 04° 54 East.
Ellezelles
Ellezelles is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.
In 2007, 5711 people lived there.
It is at 50° 44 North, 03° 40 East.
Ixelles
Ixelles (in French) or Elsene (in Dutch) is a municipality in the Belgian Brussels-Capital Region.
In 2007, 78088 people lived there.
It is at 50° 49 North, 04° 22 East.
Enghien
Enghien is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.
In 2007, 12294 people lived there.
It is at 50° 41 North, 04° 02 East.
Engis
Engis is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liège.
In 2007, 5,715 people lived there.
It is at 50° 34 North, 05° 24 East.
Erezée
Erezée is a municipality in the Belgian province of Luxembourg.
In 2007, 2968 people lived there.
It is at 50° 17 North, 05° 33 East.
Erpe-Mere
Erpe-Mere is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders.
In 2007 its population was 19056.
It is at 50° 56 North, 03° 58 East.
Erquelinnes
Erquelinnes is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.
In 2007, 9570 people lived there.
It is at 50° 18 North, 04° 06 East.
Esneux
Esneux is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liège.
In 2007, 13073 people lived there.
It is at 50° 32 North, 05° 34 East.
Essen, Belgium
Essen is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp. The municipality includes the towns of Essen Centrum, Heikant, Horendonk, Wildert, Statie en Hoek. On January 1, 2007 Essen had a total population of 17,143. The total area is 47.48 km² which gives a population density of 358 inhabitants per km².
The town is near the border with the Netherlands. Its train station is the last one in Belgium, the next station is Roosendaal, Noord-Brabant, Netherlands.
Estaimpuis
Estaimpuis is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.
In 2007, 9781 people lived there.
It is at 50° 42 North, 03° 15 East.
Estinnes
Estinnes is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.
In 2007, 7,408 people lived there.
It is at 50° 23 North, 04° 05 East.
Étalle
Etalle is a municipality in the Belgian province of Luxembourg.
In 2007, 5389 people lived there.
It is at 49° 40 North, 05° 36 East.
Etterbeek
Etterbeek is a municipality in the Belgian Brussels-Capital Region.
In 2007, 42342 people lived there.
It is at 50° 49 North, 04° 23 East.
Eupen
Eupen is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liège. The old French name of the town was "Néau".
In 2007, 18,313 people lived there.
It is at 50° 37 North, 06° 02 East.
Eupen is a strange place in Belgium as most people do not speak either French or Dutch - they speak German instead.
Evere
Evere is a municipality in the Belgian Brussels-Capital Region.
In 2007, 34128 people lived there.
It is at 50° 52 North, 04° 24 East.
Evergem
Evergem is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders.
In 2007, 32,373 people lived there.
It is at 51° 06 North, 03° 42 East.
Isaac (disambiguation)
Isaac is a person in the Abrahamic religions. He is described in the Bible.
It can also refer to other things:
Isaac is a popular given name, generally in reference to the Biblical person. Some famous people named Isaac are:
Faimes
Faimes is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liège.
In 2007, 3541 people lived there.
It is at 50° 39 North, 05° 15 East.
Farciennes
Farciennes is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.
In 2007, 11071 people lived there.
It is at 50° 25 North, 04° 33 East.
Fauvillers
Fauvillers is a municipality in the Belgian province of Luxembourg.
In 2007, 2071 people lived there.
Fernelmont
Fernelmont is a municipality in the Belgian province of Namur.
In 2007, 6749 people lived there.
It is at 50° 32 North, 04° 58 East.
Ferrières
Ferrières is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liège.
In 2007, 4505 people lived there.
It is at 50° 23 North, 05° 36 East.
Fexhe-le-Haut-Clocher
Fexhe-le-Haut-Clocher is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liège. In 2007, 3066 people lived there.
It is at 50° 40 North, 05° 23 East.
Flémalle
Flémalle is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liège.
In 2007, 25021 people lived there.
It is at 50° 36 North, 05° 28 East.
Fléron
Fléron is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liège.
In 2007, 16139 people lived there.
It is at 50° 37 North, 05° 41 East.
Fleurus
Fleurus is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.
In 2007, 22272 people lived there.
It is at 50° 29 North, 04° 33 East.
Flobecq
Flobecq is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.
In 2007, 3270 people lived there.
It is at 50° 44 North, 03° 44 East.
Floreffe
Floreffe is a municipality in the Belgian province of Namur.
In 2007, 7506 people lived there.
It is at 50° 26 North, 04° 45 East.
Florennes
Florennes is a municipality in the Belgian province of Namur.
In 2007, 10825 people lived there.
It is at 50° 15 North, 04° 36 East.
Florenville
Florenville is a municipality in the Belgian province of Luxembourg.
In 2007, 5448 people lived there.
Fontaine-l'Evêque
Fontaine-l'Evêque is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.
In 2007, it had 16754 people.
It is at 50° 24 North, 04° 19 East.
Fosses-la-Ville
Fosses-la-Ville is a municipality in the Belgian province of Namur.
In 2007, 9444 people lived there.
It is at 50° 23 North, 04° 41 East.
Frameries
Frameries is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.
In 2007, 20729 people lived there.
It is at 50° 24 North, 03° 53 East.
Frasnes-lez-Anvaing
Frasnes-lez-Anvaing is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.
In 2007, 11078 people lived there.
It is at 50° 40 North, 03° 37 East.
Froidchapelle
Froidchapelle is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.
In 2007, 3609 people lived there.
It is at 50° 09 North, 04° 19 East.
Galmaarden
Galmaarden is a municipality in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant.
In 2007, 8158 people lived there.
It is at 50° 45 North, 03° 58 East.
Ganshoren
Ganshoren is a municipality in the Belgian Brussels-Capital Region.
In 2007, 21395 people lived there.
It is at 50° 52 North, 04° 18 East.
Gavere
Gavere is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders.
In 2007, 12179 people lived there.
It is at 50° 55 North, 03° 39 East.
Gedinne
Gedinne is a municipality in the Belgian province of Namur.
In 2007, 4445 people lived there.
It is at 49° 58 North, 04° 56 East.
Geel
Geel is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp. In 2007, there were 35,502 living there.
It is at 51° 09 North, 04° 59 East.
Geer
Geer is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liège.
In 2007, 2946 people lived there.
It is at 50° 40 North, 05° 10 East.
Geetbets
Geetbets is a municipality in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant.
In 2007, 5786 people lived there.
It is at 50° 53 North, 05° 07 East.
Gembloux
Gembloux is a municipality in the Belgian province of Namur.
In 2007, 22074 people lived there.
It is at 50° 33 North, 04° 41 East.
Genappe
Genappe is a municipality in the Belgian province of Walloon Brabant.
In 2007, 14277 people lived there.
It is at 50° 36 North, 04° 27 East.
Genk
Genk is a municipality in the Belgian province of Limburg. It is known for its football club K.R.C. Genk.
In 2007, 64095 people lived there.
It is at 50° 57 North, 05° 30 East.
Ghent is a municipality and city in the Belgian province of East Flanders. In 2019, 262,219 people lived there.
Ghent is known for its cultural landmarks and punk rock music industry.
Geraardsbergen
Geraardsbergen is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders.
In 2007, 31543 people lived there.
It is at 50° 46 North, 03° 53 East.
Gerpinnes
Gerpinnes is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.
In 2007, 12064 people lived there.
It is at 50° 20 North, 04° 31 East.
Gesves
Gesves is a municipality in the Belgian province of Namur.
In 2007, 6441 people lived there.
It is at 50° 24 North, 05° 04 East.
Gingelom
Gingelom is a municipality in the Belgian province of Limburg.
In 2007, 7879 people lived there.
It is at 50° 45 North, 05° 08 East.
Gistel
Gistel is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders.
In 2007, 11170 people lived there.
It is at 51° 09 North, 02° 58 East.
Glabbeek
Glabbeek is a municipality in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant.
In 2007, 5216 people lived there.
It is at 50° 52 North, 04° 56 East.
Gooik
Gooik is a municipality in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant.
In 2007, 8879 people lived there.
It is at 50° 47 North, 04° 07 East.
Gouvy
Gouvy is a municipality in the Belgian province of Luxembourg.
In 2007, 4780 people lived there.
It is at 50° 11 North, 05° 56 East.
Grâce-Hollogne
Grâce-Hollogne is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liège.
In 2007, 21854 people lived there.
It is at 50° 38 North, 05° 30 East.
Grez-Doiceau
Grez-Doiceau is a municipality in the Belgian province of Walloon Brabant.
In 2007, 12473 people lived there.
It is at 50° 44 North, 04° 41 East.
Grimbergen
Grimbergen is a municipality in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant.
In 2007, 34320 people lived there.
It is at 50° 56 North, 04° 22 East.
Grobbendonk
Grobbendonk is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp.
In 2007, 10801 people lived there.
It is at 51° 11 North, 04° 44 East.
Haacht
Haacht is a municipality in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant.
In 2018, 14,470 people lived there.
It is at 50° 58 North, 04° 38 East.
Wild card (sports)
Haaltert
Haaltert is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders.
In 2007, 17442 people lived there.
It is at 50° 54 North, 04° 00 East.
Habay
Habay is a municipality in the Belgian province of Luxembourg.
In 2007, 7903 people lived there.
It is at 49° 43 North, 05° 39 East.
Halen is a municipality in the Belgian province of Limburg.
In 2007, 8678 people lived there.
It is at 50° 56 North, 05° 06 East.
Halle (Belgium)
Halle is a municipality in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant.
In 2007, 35108 people lived there.
It is at 50° 44 North, 04° 14 East.
Ham (Belgium)
Ham is a municipality in the Belgian province of Limburg.
In 2007, 9824 people lived there.
It is at 51° 06 North, 05° 10 East.
Ham-sur-Heure-Nalinnes
Ham-sur-Heure-Nalinnes is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.
In 2007, 13383 people lived there.
It is at 50° 19 North, 04° 23 East.
Hamme
Hamme is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders.
In 2007, 23368 people lived there.
It is at 51° 05 North, 04° 08 East.
Hamoir
Hamoir is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liège.
In 2007, 3616 people lived there.
It is at 50° 25 North, 05° 32 East.
Hamois
Hamois is a municipality in the Belgian province of Namur.
In 2007, 6692 people lived there.
It is at 50° 20 North, 05° 09 East.
Hamont-Achel
Hamont-Achel is a municipality in the Belgian province of Limburg.
In 2007, 13863 people lived there.
It is at 51° 15 North, 05° 32 East.
Hannut
Hannut is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liège.
In 2007, 14468 people lived there.
It is at 50° 40 North, 05° 04 East.
Harelbeke
Harelbeke is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders.
In 2007, 26294 people lived there.
It is at 50° 51 North, 03° 18 East.
Hastière
Hastière is a municipality in the Belgian province of Namur. The area has seven sub-municipalities. They are called Hastière-Lavaux, Hermeton-sur-Meuse, Waulsort, Hastière-par-delà, Blaimont, Heer, and Agimont.
In 2007, 5278 people lived there. This grew to 5979 by 2018.
It is at 50° 13 North, 04° 49 East.
Hastière is on the River Meuse, and its attractions include a church, gardens and the Castle of Freÿr.
Havelange
Havelange is a municipality in the Belgian province of Namur.
In 2007, 4926 people lived there.
It is at 50° 23 North, 05° 14 East.
Hechtel-Eksel
Hechtel-Eksel is a municipality in the Belgian province of Limburg.
In 2007, 11517 people lived there.
It is at 51° 07 North, 05° 21 East.
Heers
Heers is a municipality in the Belgian province of Limburg.
In 2007, 6812 people lived there.
It is at 50° 45 North, 05° 18 East.
Heist-op-den-Berg