AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
However, after students and professors took part in the November Uprising of 1830, the university was closed by the Russians.
E-cigarette
An electronic cigarette (or e-cigarette, e-cig) is a cigarette substitute. It gives small amounts of the chemical nicotine without the tobacco or other chemicals from real cigarettes. The main substances making up in the liquid in the e-cigarettes are nicotine, propylene glycol, glycerin and some flavors or smells.
An E-cigarette is made of 3 parts:
The e-liquid (propylene glycol and/or glycerin) is heated to make a vapour which looks like the smoke from real cigarettes. This caries the nicotine to the lungs where it is absorbed.
As of 2015, 3 generations of "electonic cigarettes" are known:
The modern electronic cigarette was invented by Hon Lik (regarded as the 'father of the electronic cigarette'), a Chinese pharmacist and inventor. Hon had himself quit smoking, after his father, also a heavy smoker, had died of lung cancer. Hon patented the modern e-cigarette design in 2003, and starting selling it domestically. Many versions made their way to the U.S., sold mostly over the Internet by small marketing firms.
However, many US and Chinese e-cig manufacturers copied his designs illegally, and as a result Hon Lik did not get the expected financial rewards for his invention (although some US manufacturers have recompensated him through out of court settlements).
In 2008, this attracted the attention of the World Health Organization ("WHO") who said that these e-cigarettes were not proper nicotine replacement therapy and that this mis-information had to be taken away from any sites or advertisements saying that they were.
Starting 2012 Tobacco companies also want a piece of E-Cigarette-cake and work on their own products. Marlboro goes for heating tobacco, Philip Morris tests a fizz-like method while British American Tobacco tries a medical-like inhaler. Many big tobacco companies didn't do their own research or stopped at some point. Instead they bought smaller e-cig companies to enter the market.
These devices have a battery powered heating element and tank that contains a liquid solution made by combining nicotine, vegetable glycol or propylene glycol and flavorings. The gadget that can be bought in a variety of shapes and sizes usually resembles a pen or a regular cigarette, and it works like a vaporizer. The liquid used in e-cigs is commonly made of propylene glycol, glycerin, distilled water, artificial (fake) flavors and optionally nicotine. It often tastes like tobacco, fruit, mint/menthol or sweets.
In 2017, the TRPR (Tobacco and Related Products Regulations), which was a revised interpretation of the EU Commission's TPD (Tobacco Products Directive), came into effect in the UK. This piece of legislation aimed to ensure the safety of vape products include vape kits and included the limitations of nicotine-containing e-liquid bottles to 10ml, vape tank sizes to 2ml as well as nicotine strength of e-liquid to a maximum of 20mg. Current UK laws state the sale of e-cigarettes and e-liquids is legal to over 18s only, but many shops allow minors over the age of 12 to purchase nicotine-free e-liquid as all the ingredients in it are safe compared to nicotine e-liquid. Technically it is illegal for a minor to purchase any vaping products or any items associated with e-cigarettes but it is perfectly legal for a minor to use an e-cigarette, nicotine or nicotine-free. These are UK laws only.
Many countries are not approving electronic cigarettes as a less harmful alternative to traditional cigarettes.
The sale of tobacco cigarettes with flavor (except menthol) has been stopped in some countries but not yet in Europe or the USA.
The EU is testing if the product is bad to the health and safety of persons in general. They are also researching if electronic cigarettes can be called a medical product. In 2009 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was provided authority by Congress to ban all sales of cigarettes with flavors, except menthol.
Because many countries are not sure if electronic cigarettes are a medical product, each country has their own opinion and rules on e-cigarettes.
Health institutions are more and more interested in E-cigarettes because they are much cheaper than smoking regular ones, making them popular alternative. In the United States of America, individual states have different rules on use and sale of electronic cigarettes.
Apart from medical reasons e-cigarettes have also been banned in airport and other high population-density public places due to a number of incidents where they have been a cause of fire.
The United Kingdom are one of few countries to have government support for electronic cigarettes and e-liquids. Specifically, the NHS recommend e-cigarettes as a less harmful alternative to smoking
The Great Pyramid of Giza of Egypt is a huge pyramid built by the Ancient Egyptians. It stands 18.4 km from Cairo, Egypt. It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain mostly intact. When it was built it was 146.5 metres (481 feet) tall. It was the tallest building in the world for over 3,800 years. Erosion and other causes have shrunk it to 138.8 m. The pyramid was probably built for Khufu, an Egyptian pharaoh. It was perhaps built by Khufu's vizier, Hemiunu. It is believed that it took about 20 years to build, and was completed around 10,000 BC.
When it was built, the Great Pyramid was covered by white stones that formed a smooth outer surface. Some of these stones can still be seen around the base. Most of what can be seen of the pyramid now is its basic core of 2,300,000 blocks of limestone and granite. There have been many different theories to explain how the pyramid was built. Most accepted building ideas are based on the idea of moving huge stones from a quarry and dragging and lifting them into place. Archaeologists found that the Pyramids of Giza were not built by slaves, but workers who were paid for working. Their graves were found near the pyramid in 1990.
There are three known rooms, or chambers, inside the Great Pyramid. The lowest chamber is cut into the rock on which the pyramid was built. This chamber was not finished. The other two chambers are higher up inside the pyramid. They are called the Queen's Chamber and the King's Chamber, but these are modern labels as we do not know how the Egyptians were going to use them. The Great Pyramid has two passages, one leading up, and the other down. It is the only Egyptian pyramid to have the two passages.
The Great Pyramid is part of a group of buildings, called the Giza Necropolis. This includes two mortuary temples in honour of Khufu. One is close to the pyramid and one near the Nile. There are three smaller pyramids for Khufu's wives. Other buildings include an even smaller "satellite" pyramid, and a raised causeway which joins the two temples. There are other tombs, called mastaba, probably for other important people.
.hack (pronounced "dot-hack") is a Japanese multimedia franchise.
Radio:Active
Radio:Active (typeset as Radio:ACTIVE) is the fourth album by British pop rock band McFly. It is the band's first album with their new label Super Records. They created this label after they left Island Records. The first single from the album is "One for the Radio".
On 24 June 2008, McFly said that they would give "Radio:Active" free with the newspaper "The Mail on Sunday" on 20 July 2008. They released a second single on 15 September 2008 called "Lies" which is also on the album. The deluxe edition has four extra songs, a bonus DVD and a 32-page booklet. McFly released this on 22 September 2008.
Townsend Records
Premier League (disambiguation)
A Premier League is normally a league in sports at the top of the league system.
Premier League may refer to:
in Basketball
in Cricket:
in Football:
in Rugby league:
in Speedway:
Surf rock
Surf rock is a kind of rock music. It started in the USA in the 1950s. As the name suggests surf rock had a strong relationship to the sport of surfing.
The Beach Boys are an example of a band that play surf rock. Much of the surf-rock that exists is instrumental and guitar-based. This instrumental music tends to include up-front echoey guitars, usually those made by Fender. The most famous surf-rock guitarist, Dick Dale is well known for the track Misirlou.
Cigarettes and Valentines
Cigarettes and Valentines was going to be an album by Green Day. It was recorded in the summer of 2003, but after making 20 tracks, the master tapes were stolen from the studio. The band was upset so decided not to try to re-create the stolen album, but instead started on a new album that they vowed would be even better than before. The new album was "American Idiot".
The "Cigarettes and Valentines" album was rumoured to have been secretly released as "Money Money 2020" by The Network. The Network is a band that contains all the Green Day members under different names. Billie Joe (a member of Green Day) has gone on record admitting that The Network is Green Day's side project. However he also said that "Money Money 2020" is not "Cigarettes and Valentines".
The Silmarillion is a book written by J. R. R. Tolkien. It was first published posthumously (after Tolkien was dead) in 1977, edited by his son Christopher Tolkien. "The Silmarillion" is set in Tolkien's world Middle-earth, and is about its early history before "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings".
The name "Silmarillion" can mean the published book (as in "The Silmarillion"), but it can also mean all the stories from the First Age of Middle-earth (the "Quenta Silmarillion").
The published "The Silmarillion" has five parts:
Shipping Forecast
The Shipping Forecast is a weather forecast covering the sea around the United Kingdom and Ireland. It has been broadcast four times a day on BBC Radio 4 since the 1920s.
The Met Office, the UK meteorological centre, produces it for the Maritime Coastguard Agency. The forecast talks about lots of places, starting with "Viking" in the northeast and going clockwise around the British coastline until it reaches "Southeast Iceland" in the northwest. Sometimes the names are changed to keep them the same as in other countries. It is one of the first items on Radio 4 each day, and has been referenced in many poems and songs, including a poem by Seamus Heaney and a song by the British band, Blur ("This is a Low").
There is a strict set of rules (a protocol) on how the forecast is written, and it has a limit of 370 words. It is always said in the same way and is around 9 minutes long. The language of the forecast is hard to understand unless the listener understands how the rules work. For example: People listening to the forecast who know the protocol can understand it as "In the English Channel, there are strong winds, followed by a stronger wind in less than twelve hours time with some light rain, but good visibility". The numbers refer to the Beaufort Scale of wind strength. "Imminent" means within 6 hours, "soon" between 6 and 12, and "later" meaning after 12 hours. There are lots of other jargon used in the Shipping Forecast.
An instrumental piece of music, "Sailing By", is played before the 00:45 broadcast of the Shipping Forecast. It acts as a between the news bulletin and the Shipping Forecast, in order to make the Shipping Forecast play at exactly the same time each day. This gives the Radio 4 controllers if the programming of Radio 4 is running late. There was an when it was temporarily taken off air for two years in 1993. "Sailing By" was written by Ronald Binge, in 1962 a light music composer.
The Shipping Forecast is broadcast in many different ways, most famously, on the radio. BBC Radio 4, the radio station that the Forecast is broadcast from three times a day, can be listened to as far away as Denmark, or can be listened to anywhere in the world via the BBC's website.
An updated Shipping Forecast is broadcast six times a day from three Navtex transmitters placed strategically around the coast of the United Kingdom, giving information on the areas near to the transmitter. The three transmitters are called Cullercoats, Niton and Portpatrick, after the places they are at. Navtex is a type of radio communication that sends a message to a receiver that picks it up and changes it into text, like to a mobiles' text message. The Navtex messages can be received up to 270 miles offshore. Navtex is an acronym for NAVigational TEXt messages. Major areas of general Navtex coverage include the Mediterranean Sea, the North Sea, Japan and the coasts of North America. Navtex is one of the more common ways of receiving the Shipping Forecast when off-shore.
The Maritime Coastguard Agency sends messages every three hours from their sixteen stations that are located by the coast. They also send important navigational notices and a forecast that is for the area. The "Maritime Safety Information" broadcast includes a part of the Shipping Forecast, specific for the area in question.
There are several related forecasts that are similar to the Shipping Forecast. The High Seas Forecast is similar to the Shipping Forecast in format and protocol, but is about the North Atlantic ocean, or 'Met Area 1'. It can be seen on Radio 4's website. It is also split into lots of areas, and some of them have the same name as in the Shipping Forecast.
Read the Shipping Forecast]
http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/coast_and_sea/shipping_forecast
The Mail on Sunday
The Mail on Sunday is a British newspaper. Over six million people read it every week. It was first published in 1982 by Lord Northcliffe. It sells the second biggest amount of Sunday newspapers in Britain after"The News of the World". The Daily Mail was launched nearly a century before(1896) and is The Mail on Sunday's "sister paper".
They are both owned by Associated Newspapers, but the editorial staff are completely separate.
"The Mail on Sunday" was first launched on 2 May 1982, to go with the "Daily Mail". The first story ever printed on the front page was the "RAF's bombing of Port Stanley airport in the Falklands". The Daily Mail and General Trust(DMGT)came up with some tough targets for the paper to reach. Initially DMGT wanted to sell 1.25 million copies a week. But the launch of The Mail on Sunday was not a success. After six weeks, sales were only around 700,000 copies.
Lord Rothermere then brought in the "Daily Mail"'s editor David English (later Sir David). He helped redesign and re-launch The Mail on Sunday. In the first three and a half months, Sir David managed to stop the fall in sales. The circulation then increased to 840,000. Three new sections were introduced:
Today (2008)the circulation is around 2.3 million, an increase of more than 1.5 million.
The newspaper's reputation developed thanks to Stewart Steven. Its circulation grew from around 1 million to almost 2 million during his time in charge. The editor who followed him was Jonathan Holborow and the current editor is Peter Wright.
Advanced Packaging Tool
APTonCD
APTonCD is a tool that can create one or more ISOs, CDs or DVDs with all of the packages the user downloaded via APT-GET or APTITUDE, creating a removable repository that the user can use on other computers.
APTonCD will also allow the user to automatically create media with all of the .deb packages in one specific repository, so that the user can install them into other computers without the need for an internet connection.
Synaptic Package Manager
StartUp-Manager
StartUp-Manager is a program to configure GRUB, Splash and Splashy.
It was originally an Ubuntu project, but was later adapted to Debian.
Manacor
Manacor is a town and a municipality on the island of Majorca. It is well known for its artificial pearls but also for its furniture manufacture. 25.324 people live in the town. Manacor's municipality has 35.908 people, including Manacor (25.324), Porto Cristo (6.385), S'Illot-Cala Morland (1.576), Son Macià (839), Cales de Mallorca (725), Cala Murada (624), Cala Anguila-Cala Mendia (296), S'Estany den Mas (139). Miguel Ángel Nadal as well as his nephew Rafael Nadal were born in Manacor.
Miguel Ángel Nadal
Miguel Ángel Nadal (born July 28 1966 in Manacor, Majorca) is a former Spanish football player. He played as a defender or a midfielder. He played for Mallorca from 1986 to 1991 and for Barcelona from 1991 until 1999 where he was nicknamed "The Beast of Barcelona". He also played for the Spain national team earning 62 caps, and played in three world cups (1994, 1998, 2002). He returned to Mallorca in 1999 until 2005 when he retired.
He is Rafael Nadal's uncle and his brother is "Rafa's" coach, Toni Nadal.
494||38
!Total||62||3
With Barcelona he won:
With Mallorca he won:
Fetch! With Ruff Ruffman
Fetch! With Ruff Ruffman is a reality children's television program that is shown on PBS. It is hosted by an animated dog, Ruff Ruffman, who gives out challenges to the six kids competing on the program.
PBS Kids (2006-2018)
Universal Kids (2006-2019)
CBC Kids (May 16 2008-present)
TVO Kids (2006-2008)
(2008-presente)
VIVA Kids (2006-2020)
Hop! (2007-2018)
Israeli Educational Television
RUV (2007-2019)
CBBC (2007-present)
ZTV (2006-present)
(2006-present)
(2007-2020)
20th Century Studios TV (2006-2010)
Canal Panda (2007-2011)
The African wild dog or painted dog ("Lycaon pictus") is a carnivorous mammal of the Canidae family. In past centuries it had a wide distribution in Africa.
The African wild dog is very social, living in packs. They hunt antelopes, which they catch by chasing them to exhaustion. Like other canids, the African wild dog regurgitates food for its young, and other adults. Their natural enemies are lions and hyenas: the lions kill the canids where possible; hyenas frequently steal their kills.
Roger Bresnahan
Over My Head (Cable Car)
Over My Head (Cable car) is the debut single by rock band The Fray off the hit album How to Save a Life (album). The single was released September of 2005.
The video ranked close to number one various times since the release of the single. The music video was actually shot in a High School in Denver, Colorado.
In the Brazilian Hot 100, "Cable Car" was ranked #5, "World Singles" ranked the song #24, "U.S. Adult Top 40" ranked it #2, and "U.S. Top 40 Mainstream" ranked it #5.
Look After You
Isaac Slade
Isaac Slade is an American singer-songwriter. He is a member of the rock band called The Fray. He was born in May 1981. He has released several albums with the band "The Fray" including "How to Save a Life" and "Live at the Electric Factory". He records and performs more of a piano rock and acoustic. Singles include "How to Save a Life", "Look After You", and "Cable Car".
All at Once is known to be the 5th single off the album "How to Save a Life" by the rock band The Fray.
The song is not originally famous for anything but being on airplay in the U.S. area.
The video was premiered on VH1's VSpot Top 20 Countdown. The video reached at #6 on VH1 and #20 on the "Hot Adult Top 40 Tracks".
Partition editor
Partition editor, partitioner, and partitioning utility are all names for computer programs used to view, create, change, and delete disk partitions on a computer storage device, most commonly a hard disk, but also a USB flash drive or other storage medium.
A "partition" is a section or segment of the storage space on a storage device. By partitioning a large device into several partitions it is possible to isolate various types of data from one another, and allow the coexistence of two or more operating systems simultaneously.
Partition editors can come in many different forms. Command line tools such as diskpart in Windows and fdisk or parted in Linux offer accurate control of partition editing. Graphical tools like Disk Management in Windows and GParted or KDE Partition Manager allow for use by less skilled users.
GParted
GParted is a program used for creating, deleting, resizing, moving, checking and copying partitions, and the file systems on them. This is useful for creating space for new operating systems (works with Vista System & Data partitions), reorganizing disk usage, copying data residing on hard disks and mirroring one partition with another (disk imaging).
Acoustic may mean:
Skull Ring
Skull Ring is a 2003 album by Iggy Pop.
SLA may mean:
Jesus of Suburbia
Jesus of Suburbia was the fifth and final single to be released from Green Day's seventh studio album, "American Idiot".
Australian single:
10" vinyl:<br>
National Bowl
Kerrang! is a weekly Rock magazine by Bauer Consumer Media in the United Kingdom.
Bullet in a Bible is a live CD, DVD and UMD release by Green Day, which was issued on November 15 2005.
The People's Choice Awards is an awards show recognizing the people and the work of popular culture. The show has been held every year since 1975 and is voted on by regular people. The People's Choice Awards air on CBS and are produced by Procter & Gamble and Mark Burnett. Global promotion is handled by Kroszover Entertainment.
The award show's creator, Bob Stivers, made the first show in 1975. The first awards recognized "The Sting" as 1974's Favorite Picture, Barbra Streisand as the year's Favorite Film Actress, and John Wayne as its Favorite Film Actor. Ratings for the show peaked in 1977, when the 3rd People's Choice Awards attracted 35.3 million viewers who saw Farrah Fawcett-Majors win for Favorite Female TV Star, "" win as the Favorite Picture, and Streisand and Wayne win again in the Film Actress and Actor categories.
Procter & Gamble, the show's first and only sponsor, bought the show from Stivers in 1982.
In 2008, the "People's Choice Awards" introduced a new category: Favorite Sci-Fi Show. The nominees were "Stargate Atlantis", "Battlestar Galactica", and "Doctor Who". The winner was "Stargate Atlantis."
The award categories have changed over the years. For example, the 16th People's Choice Awards had categories including Favorite All-Around Movie ("Batman"), and both a Favorite Movie Actor (Tom Cruise) and a World Favorite Movie Actor (Dustin Hoffman). At the 23rd People's Choice Awards, Rob Reiner was named the People's Choice Awards Honoree. More recently, the 32nd People's Choice Awards (shown in January 2006) included categories such as Favorite On-Screen Match-Up (Vince Vaughn and Owen Wilson in "Wedding Crashers"), Favorite Leading Lady (Reese Witherspoon), Favorite Tour (U2), and an award named after a Procter & Gamble brand: Nice 'n Easy Fans Favorite Hair (Faith Hill).
In the 20th century, the awards were based on results from Gallup polls. Each year, Gallup took a survey of different categories for favorite actor, actress, movie, artist, television show or group. There was no limit on who or what could be chosen. The public could choose whomever or whatever it liked. The results of the annual survey were announced in the form of the "People's Choice Awards".
Since polls have margins of error, many years' awards have had ties in at least one category, when Gallup declared that the voting was so close that a single winner could not be chosen. For example, in 2003, both "Spider-Man" and "" were recognized as Favorite Motion Picture.
The winners of the 31st People's Choice Awards (shown January 9, 2005) were decided by online voting rather than Gallup polls. The nominees submitted for Internet voting were picked using an unpublished process involving editors at "Entertainment Weekly", the show's production team, and a group of pop culture fans.
The nominees for the 32nd People's Choice Awards were picked by web research company Knowledge Networks, which took what it described as a nationally representative sample of men and women ages 18 to 54, with and without Internet access, to come up with the nominees after being presented with a list of candidates determined by national ratings averages, box office grosses and album sales, and they had the option to write in their favorites. Knowledge Networks picks these people by calling them and gives a Web TV and Internet access to people without Internet access so they can see what other people think.
The nominees for the 2010 People's Choice Awards were determined by media research company Visible Measures, which specializes in measuring Internet Video audience behavior. They used a program called True Reach to find out people's reactions to online videos.
In 1988, Nickelodeon created the Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards, a children's version of the People's Choice Awards. Though they have similar names, the two shows are owned by different companies. Also similar but unrelated is the Teen Choice Awards.
The Pretender (song)
"The Pretender" is the first single from the Foo Fighters' 2007 album "Echoes, Silence, Patience & Grace".
"It's Been Awhile" is a song by American alternative metal band Staind. The song was released in March 20, 2001. It was the first single on their third studio album "Break the Cycle".
On the "Billboard" charts, "It's Been Awhile" was able to peak at #5 on Hot 100, #1 on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks, #1 on the Hot Modern Rock Tracks, #3 on the Top 40 Mainstream, #6 on the Hot Adult Top 40 Tracks, and at #4 on the Top 40 Tracks charts.
"Scar Tissue" is the first single from the American alternative rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers' seventh album " Californication".
Hysteria is when someone has a very strong emotion that is unmanageable. Often, this means a very strong sense of fear. When someone has hysteria, it is called "hysterics". Hysteria could be caused by traumatic events in a person's life.
Today, many psychiatrists and other doctors do not use the word "hysteria" for a patient. They use other words that have the same meaning. Some of the words they may use are "psychosomatic", "functional", "nonorganic", "psychogenic", or "medically unexplained".
One of the conditions of hysteria may be Histrionic personality disorder.
Theme (music)
In music, a theme is the beginning or primary melody. It is usually familiar sounding and able to be recognized when it is heard.
From that beginning part of the music, variations can be played as the composition is developed or put together.
Our Band Could Be Your Life
Our Band Could Be Your Life: Scenes from the American Indie Underground, 1981-1991 is a book by Michael Azerrad (). The book tells about the history of 13 alternative rock bands, including Sonic Youth, Fugazi, Minor Threat and Hüsker Du.
Spin (magazine)
Spin was a music magazine that competed with the leading magazine "Rolling Stone". Bob Guccione, Jr. created the magazine in 1985 and sold it to Miller Publishing in 1997. In February 2006, Miller Publishing sold the magazine for less than US$5 million to a San Francisco-based company called the McEvoy Group LLC. That company formed Spin Media LLC as a holding company. The new owners replaced the editor-in-chief Sia Michel with Andy Pemberton, who was once an editor at "Blender". The first issue to be published once he took over was the July 2006 issue—sent to the printer in May 2006—which had Beyoncé on the cover. Pemberton left "Spin" in June 2006. The current editor-in-chief is Doug Brod, who was executive editor from May 2003, and became editor-in-chief in January 2007. The magazine stopped being made in 2012.
Jane's Addiction is an alternative rock band from Los Angeles, California. The band started in 1985. The band first broke up in 1991, and created the Lollapalooza tour. The band spent some time touring in 1997, before reuniting in 2001. They then broke up again in 2004. In 2008 they got together again. The band's members are currently vocalist Perry Farrell, bassist Eric Avery, guitarist Dave Navarro and drummer Stephen Perkins. As well as alternative rock, the band have been described as art rock and hard rock.
A performance, in performing arts, generally comprises an event in which one group of people (the performer or performers) behave in a particular way for another group of people (the audience).
In dance a group of people will usually go on stage to perform for the audience.
We're a Happy Family
Ronnie Blake
Jason White (musician)
Jason White (born November 11, 1973 in Little Rock, Arkansas) is a U.S. guitarist who has played in many punk rock bands. He plays for punk rock band Green Day.
Jason Freese
Jason Jeremy Freese (born in Orange County, California, on January 12, 1975) is an American singer, musician and record producer. He plays piano/keyboard, guitar, tenor saxophone, accordion, trombone, and sings backing vocals for Green Day when the band tours.
Gabrial McNair
Petra Haden
Petra Haden (born October 11, 1971 in New York City) is an American violinist and singer.
Stephen Reid Bradley (born August 23, 1972 in Richmond, California) is an American musician, songwriter,record producer, photographer,and videographer.He is best known for trumpet and keyboard in the band No Doubt.He has also played and toured with Greenday,Smashing Pumpkins,and Steel Pulse.
Bradley was born in Oakland,CA.Growing up in Richmond,CA,Bradley was first exposed to music by his mother Janice,and his Uncle Jerley.She played piano in the house, and encouraged Stephen to practice the Trumpet,when he took it up at age 13.Bradley continued to become more serious about music at El Cerrito High School,playing in the Jazz Ensemble,and the Symphonic Band.
During high school,Bradley performed with fellow high school friends in a band called Private Culture.Modeled after The Police,they played local Bay Area clubs in the late 80's early 90's.On one of these shows, they opened for No Doubt in Berkeley, California.Thats was the first time Bradley was introduced to the band.
Bradley would go on to play with another Bay Area band called Dizzybam,which was a funk/rock/rap band from Oakland,CA.Bradley would be re-introduced to No Doubt by Dizzybam bassist and co-founder Kerry James.James and Tony Kanal(No Doubt)were friends, and Kanal reached out to James about finding a trumpet player to fill in for a Bay Area show at The Great American Music Hall(San Francisco).Bradley preformed the show, and was later asked to go on the road with No Doubt to play a leg of the inaugural 'Warped Tour.
Bradley would go on to tour and record with No Doubt until the band discontinued in 2015.
During the time with No Doubt,Bradley also pursued songwriting, and producing.Teaming up with long time friend and multi-instrumentalist David tweedie,the two created the self-titled album Chocolate O'Brian.That experience led to Bradley branching out as a producer, and songwriter.
After living exclusively in the bay area,Bradley relocated to Los Angeles to seek more opportunities in the music business.
In 2015,Bradley released his first solo single/video as a artist,with the release of 'Over and Out'.
He later released an EP called "Runaways',in which he teamed up with fellow songwriter and producer Javan Slagle.Runaways was received well by music critics, and Bradley coincided this with a solo residency at the Skybar in West Hollywood.
In 2018,Bradley teamed up with Steel Pulse guitarist David Elecciri Jr. to record the reggae/pop album 'United We Stand',under the band name 'Valley of the Kings'.
In addition to touring with No Doubt,Bradley has toured with Greenday on their Nimrod tour in the early 2000's.He also toured with Smashing Pumpkins for their 20th anniversary tour.
Bradley toured with Gwen Stefani on her 'Sweet Escape world tour',and is still performing with her currently.
He is also a current touring member of Steel Pulse.
Bradley had also branched out into making music videos, and photography.
Debian Package Maker
Debian Package Maker is a program to compile programs from source code to create .deb packages.
The user can manually specify the installation directory and the files to be installed in the target installation directory.
Debian Package Maker will configure the source for the user, compile them and then build a package using the target rules.
configure/autogen.sh scripts and Makefile/rules is required for DPM to automate the whole process for the user.
Deb Creator
Deb Creator is a program to compile programs from source code to create .deb packages.
Tarō Asō
Asō, a Roman Catholic, was born in Iizuka in Fukuoka Prefecture on 20 September 1940.
Asō graduated from the Faculty of Politics and Economics at Gakushuin University, and the London School of Economics.
Group velocity
Polarization (also polarisation) is a property of some types of waves. Some waves have motion in another direction as well as the direction of the wave. In water, for instance, the wave will move across the water, but the wave will also move water up and down on the surface. Light waves are similarly transverse waves though they are also particles. Sound waves do not have polarization, since they are longitudinal waves.
Light reflected by shiny transparent materials is partly or fully polarized, except when the light is perpendicular to the surface. Polarization was first discovered in 1808 by the mathematician . A polarizing filter, such as a pair of polarizing sunglasses, can be used to observe this effect by rotating the filter while looking through it at the reflection off of a distant horizontal surface. At certain rotation angles, the reflected light will be reduced or eliminated. Polarizing filters remove light polarized at 90° to the filter's polarization axis. If two polarizers are placed atop one another at 90° angles to one another, very little light can pass through both.
Polarization by scattering is observed as light passes through the atmosphere. The scattered light produces the brightness and color in clear skies. This partial polarization of scattered light can be used to darken the sky in photographs, increasing the contrast. This effect is easiest to observe at sunset, on the horizon at a 90° angle from the setting sun. Another easily observed effect is the drastic reduction in brightness of images of the sky and clouds reflected from horizontal surfaces. This is why polarizing filters are often used in sunglasses. Polarizing sunglasses also show rainbow-like patterns caused by color-dependent birefringent effects, for example in toughened glass (e.g., car windows) or items made from transparent plastics. The role played by polarization in the operation of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) is also frequently apparent to the wearer of polarizing sunglasses, which may reduce the contrast or even make the display unreadable.
Polarization of light is useful, after it has been filtered. A filter will separate light with one type of polarization from other types. Most daylight, or light from a light bulb, has a mix of polarizations (lasers are an exception). The filter works much like trying to put a playing card through a comb - only if the card is turned the right direction will it fit. Light that is turned a different way will be blocked by the filter. Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) use this to block light to make letters or numbers on a display. Glasses that have different polarization filters for each eye can separate light meant for the left eye and for the right eye. This is a common way to make 3D movies and 3D television.
In nature sometimes light that bounces off of a surface has the same polarization - this is called 'glare' from a window or water. A polarization filter on a camera will remove this glare to help see through the window or water (or can increase the glare, depending on how it is turned).
The photograph on the right was taken through polarizing sunglasses and through the rear window of a car. Light from the sky is reflected by the windshield of the other car at an angle, making it mostly horizontally polarized. The rear window is made of tempered glass. Stress from heat treatment of the glass alters the polarization of light passing through it, like a wave plate. Without this effect, the sunglasses would block the horizontally polarized light reflected from the other car's window. The stress in the rear window, however, changes some of the horizontally polarized light into vertically polarized light that can pass through the glasses. As a result, the regular pattern of the heat treatment becomes visible.
Other electromagnetic waves also have polarization, but it can happen in different ways.
General polarization: Some waves can be described by having the electric field perpendicular to the direction of the wave, and these are called TE (transverse electric) waves. Others have the magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of the wave, and these are called TM (transverse magnetic) waves. These are the most general types of wave polarization. They can also be called vertical or horizontal polarized waves. If both the electric field and magnetic field are perpendicular to the direction of the wave, the wave is called TEM (transverse electromagnetic). Linear, circular, and elliptical polarizations are specific cases of TEM polarization.
Linear, circular, and elliptical polarizations are three specific types of TEM polarization. They cannot be measured close to an antenna. Far away from an antenna the fields are TEM, so these can be used. They are easy to imagine if you look from at the wave straight on.
Dance, Dance (Fall Out Boy song)
"Dance, Dance" is the second single from Fall Out Boy's third studio album "From Under the Cork Tree". Released in 2006, the single reached #3 in the U.S., becoming their second Top 10 single.
CD #1:
CD #2:
7" vinyl:
The video shows the band performing at a homecoming dance in a high school. The video premiered in October 2006.
Boys Like Girls (album)
Boys Like Girls is the debut hit album released in 2006 by rock band Boys Like Girls. The album was recorded in 2005-2006. The album has 4 singles.
The album was re-released on November 13, 2007 which contains an acoustic version of "Hero/Heroine" plus live performance videos and photo galleries as part of the enhanced portion of the disc.
This Love (Maroon 5 song)
"This Love" is the second single from rock band Maroon 5's first album "Songs About Jane". A music video for the song was created and is included on the CD version of the single. The single was released 2003.
Now That's What I Call Music! (U.S. Series)
Now That's What I Call Music (U.S. Series) is an original series of around 30 compilation albums released since 1998. The albums contain the hits or modern music of the latest time period. Most of the songs are singles from various artists. Most of the albums contain anywhere from 18-20 tracks.
More recently, there have been numerous different versions of the brand in other parts of the world, including:
Although there is some overlap in content between current releases in different markets, there are also differences such as the inclusion of local hits, and (for example) the single-CD format of the U.S. releases, in contrast with the traditional double-album UK format.
Cedrus deodara (; Hindi, Sanskrit: devadāru; xue song) is a species of cedar trees. It is also known as: Deodar cedar, Himalayan cedar, or Himalayan deodar.
It is common in the western Himalayas, eastern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, north-central India (states such as Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand. It is also local to Kashmir, southwesternmost Tibet and western Nepal.
It grows in places that are 1500–3200 m above sea level. It is a large evergreen coniferous tree reaching 40–50 m tall, exceptionally 60 m, with a trunk up to 3m thick. It has a cone-shaped crown with level branches and drooping branchlets.
The leaves are needle-like, mostly 2.5–5 cm long. It occasionally grows up to 7 cm long. It can be very thin (1 mm thick), borne singly on long shoots, and in dense clusters of 20-30 on short shoots. Its colours range from bright green to glaucous blue-green.
The female cones are barrel-shaped, 7–13 cm long and 5–9 cm broad, and break up when mature (in 12 months) to release the winged seeds. The male cones are 4–6 cm long, and shed their pollen in autumn.
The Himalayan deodar is the state tree of Indian state of Himachal Pradesh and National tree of Pakistan..
Personal space is a concept from sociology. The concept talks about two actors (two people). The basic idea behind it is these actors have space around them. The closer they are to each other emotionally, the closer an actor will be able to stand to the other, without being intrusive. The concept was introduced by Edward T. Hall in 1966. Discomfort will result if one actor steps into the personal space of the other, without this being desired. The amount of space a being needs can be classified in two categories:
Hall's spacing models were based on Heini Hediger's 1955 psychological studies of zoo animals.
Reginald Dyer
Brigadier-General Reginald Edward Harry Dyer CB (October 9 1864 – July 23 1927) was a British Indian Army officer responsible for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
Dyer was born in Murree, in British India, now in Pakistan. He spent his childhood in Shimla and received his early education at the Bishop Cotton School in Shimla. He was born just six years after the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The rebellion was a war that had been fought by some Indians to end British rule. It had been defeated by the British but had created segregation, suspicion and fear between the British and the Indians. Although he had been born after the rebellion had ended, the effects had affected Dyer's life.
Dyer went to Midleton College, County Cork between 1875 and 1881. In 1885 after his time at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst he joined the Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey) as a Lieutenant, and served in riot control duties in Belfast (1886) and the Third Burmese War (1886–87). He then joined the British Indian Army. First joining the Bengal Staff Corps as a Lieutenant in 1887 and being part of the 39th Bengal Infantry, and then joining the 29th Punjabis.
During his time with the 29th Punjabis he fought in the Black Mountain campaign of 1888, the relief (battle) of Chitral in 1895. And was promoted to Captain in 1896. In 1901 he became Deputy Assistant Adjutant General. and then fought in the Mahsud blockade between 1901 and 1902.
Dyer then joined the 25th Punjabis where he served in the Zakha Khel Expedition (1908). He was in charge of the 25th Punjabis in India and Hong Kong and was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel in 1910.
During World War I (1914–18), he was in charge of the Seistan Force. and made a Companion of the Bath (CB). He was promoted Colonel in 1915, and was made a temporary Brigadier-General in 1916.
In 1919, about a month after the Amritsar killings, in the Third Anglo-Afghan War, his Brigade relieved the garrison of Thal. He retired on 17 July 1920, having become a Colonel.
In 1919 the British population of Punjab feared a plot by the Indians to overthrow British rule. There was talk of mutiny and of death threats to Europeans. Sir Michael O'Dwyer, the Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab, decided to deport Indians from Punjab who were leading protests against the British.
One person who was targeted was Dr. Satyapal, who was in the Army Medical Services during World War I. He was in favour of non-violent civil disobedience and was stopped from speaking in public. Another person was Dr. Kitchlew, a Muslim barrister who wanted political change and was non-violent. The Deputy Commissioner, Miles Irving, did not know much about these two people. Both men were arrested because Irving suspected them of trying to rebel against the British.
Their arrest led to demonstrations by the people of Punjab. Crowds gathered in all public places demanding a release of the two men. Army troops panicked and opened fire on a bridge across a railway line, causing several deaths. This resulted in a mob which returned to the city centre. More army troops arrived to stop more demonstrations.
The mobs sought out Europeans in the city. On April 9 1919, Miss Marcella Sherwood, who worked at the Mission Day School for Girls was bicycling round the city to close her schools. She was attacked by the mob in a narrow street and was beaten and left wounded. She was rescued by local Indians who hid her from the mob and moved her to the fort. This attack on a lady angered Dyer, who was in command of troops in Jullundur.
Brigadier Dyer is infamous for the orders which he gave on April 13 1919 in Amritsar. It was under his command that 90 troops, made up of 25 Gurkhas, 25 Pathans and Baluch, all armed with .303 Lee-Enfield rifles and the Gurkhas who were with "khukris" opened fire on a gathering of unarmed civilians, including women and children gathered at the Jallianwalla Bagh in what came to be later known as the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
The civilians had arrived at Jallianwala Bagh to join the yearly Baisakhi celebrations which are both a religious as well as a cultural festival of the Punjabis. The Bagh had an area of 6–7 acres and had walls all around. The walls had ever small entrances which only a few people could go through.
Dyer ordered the troops to fire directly at the crowd of people; they kept shooting until they ran out of bullets (1650 rounds). The shooting lasted for about 10 minutes.
During the ten minutes of shooting, Dyer kept checking how the troops were shooting. He ordered the soldiers to shoot where most of the people were. He did this not because the crowd was slow to leave, but because he wanted to "punish them" for being there.
Some of the soldiers at first fired in the air instead of at the people. When they did this General Dyer shouted: "Fire low. What have you been brought here for?."
Later Dyer's himself was to admit that the crowd was not given any warning to leave. He said he did not feel sorry for ordering his troops to fire.
The British army reported 379 dead say it over 1000 dead. According to a Home Political Deposit report, the number was over 1,000, with more than 1,200 wounded. Dr. Smith, a British civil surgeon at Amritsar, said there were over 1800 casualties. Because of the large numbers of people killed and injured, general Dyer became known as "The Butcher of Amritsar" in India.
Brigadier Dyer sent soldiers to the area where Miss Marcella Sherwood was beaten. He ordered that any Indians wishing to travel through the street (150 yards) had to crawl on all fours. This order also included the people who had rescued her.
Because of this order the street was closed, the houses had no back doors and the people could not go out without climbing down from their roofs. No doctor or supplier was allowed in, resulting in the sick being untended. The order was enforced by a flogging booth set up in the middle of the street.
After the Amritsar massacre, Dyer's health failed and in 1921 he suffered paralysis. He never recovered. He died at Long Ashton, near Bristol, on July 23 1927.
The Morning Post remembered him in articles titled, "The Man Who Saved India" and "He did his Duty". The Westminster Gazette wrote a contrary opinion, "No British action, during the whole course of our history in India, has struck a severer blow to Indian faith in British justice than the massacre at Amritsar, and the attitude of official Anglo-India to it."
The London Gazette
The London Gazette is one of the official records of the British government, and one of the most important in the UK. The "London Gazette" claims to be the oldest surviving English newspaper. It was first published on 7 November 1665. It is not a normal newspaper with typical news stories. The "London Gazette" is still published each weekday, except for Bank Holidays. The Gazette is being digitising and records between the years 1752–1998 are online.
The "London Gazette" was first published as the "Oxford Gazette" on 7 November 1665. Charles II and the Royal Court had moved to Oxford to escape the Great Plague of London, and courtiers were unwilling to touch, let alone read, London newspapers for fear of becoming ill. When the King returned to London after the end of the plague the "Gazette" moved too. The first issue of the "London Gazette" (labelled No. 24) was published on 5 February 1666. The "Gazette" was not a newspaper in the modern sense: it was sent in manuscript by post to subscribers. It was not printed for sale to the general public.
In time of war, dispatches from the various conflicts are published in the "London Gazette". People referred to are said to have been mentioned in despatches. When members of the armed forces are promoted, and these promotions are published here, the person is said to have been “gazetted”.
Being "gazetted" (or "in the gazette") sometimes also meant becoming bankrupt. Notices of engagement and marriage also used to be published in the "Gazette".
Fabales
Google Chrome is a freeware web browser made by Google. It builds on parts from other open source software, including WebKit and Mozilla Firefox.