AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
From the spring of 1942 to the summer of 1945, the Japanese army controlled all of the Dutch East Indies, including Buru. The island was bombed by the Allies planes. They were attacking the Namlea Airport.
After Japan lost the war, control of the island went back to the Netherlands. In December 1946, Buru, along with the other Maluku Islands, Sulawesi and Lesser Sunda Islands, was included in a partly independent State of East Indonesia. It was set up by the Dutch government. They planned to let their East Indies slowly become a dependent state. In December 1949, eastern Indonesia joined the Republic of the United States of Indonesia.
In April 1950, Buru, Ambon, Seram and some smaller nearby islands started an independent Republic of South Moluccas. They promised to keep close political ties with the Netherlands. The Republic of Indonesia tried to absorb the RMS by talking. But, this failed. So, the Republic of Indonesia started a six-month war in July 1950. In December 1950, the Republic of Indonesia controlled Buru and it became part of the Republic of Indonesia.
Between 1950 and 1965, the new government wanted to make Buru part of Indonesia. In the 1960s and 1970s, during the military regime of General Suharto, Buru became a main prison. Most prisoners were Communists and other left-wing representatives, and intellectuals. Most camps on Buru were closed in 1980. More than 12,000 people had been prisoners. At least several hundred had died or been killed.
One of the prisoners was an Indonesian writer, Pramoedya Ananta Toer. He was in prison for 14 years (1965–1979). He wrote there many of his novels, including most of "Buru Quartet". Until 1975, Toer was not allowed pencil or paper. He memorized his novels and told them to his cellmates. They helped him to remember the stories.
Buru is linked with other parts of Indonesia by sea. It has two main ports in Namlea and Namrole. The military airfield at Namlea (runway 750 meters) is used for air transportation. Most local transportation is on roads.
Traditionally, work and culture in villages changed with seasons and people moved to follow work. and food. Men hunted wild pigs called Buru babirusa, deer, and possum. Women gathered wild vegetables. During the west monsoon (November to April) both men and women worked together in the fields. The soil on the island was not good, so sometimes villages moved to newer, better soil. Sometimes people would move their whole village after some 20 years of using one piece of land. Most settlements were small.
Traditional Buru clothes are similar those of most other Indonesia peoples. Men wear sarongs and a long-skirted tunic. Women also wear sarongs but a shorter jacket. Color of clothes is different for the different tribes of the island.
Both Indonesian and foreign scientists study the special plant and animal life on the island. But, the original plants on the coast and much of the mountain forest have been cut or destroyed for farming. Only two large areas rain forest are still in the mountains. These are protected areas called Gunung Kapalat Mada (1,380 km) and Waeapo (50 km).
Scott Island
Scott Island is a small island in the Ross Sea, Southern Ocean. No people live here. It covers an area of 0.04km² with an 63m high. In 1902, William Colbeck found this island. New Zealand claims to be their island.
Lucas, Kansas
Lucas is a city in Russell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 393.
Dorrance, Kansas
Dorrance is a city in Russell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 185.
2019 London Bridge stabbing
On the afternoon of 29 November 2019, police were called to a stabbing attack on London Bridge, in Central London, England. Five people were stabbed, and two died of their injuries. The attacker was shot by City of London Police and died at the scene. Police declared the attack a terrorist incident.
Joan Staley
Joan Staley (born Joan Lynette McConchie; May 20, 1940 – November 24, 2019) was an American actress and model. She was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She was known for her roles in "The Untouchables", "77 Sunset Strip" and "The Ghost and Mr. Chicken". She was a Playboy Playmate in November 1958.
Staley died on November 24, 2019 at a hospital in Santa Clarita, California of heart failure at the age of 79.
Cyrus Chothia
Cyrus Homi Chothia (19 February 1942 – 26 November 2019) was an English biochemist. He was an emeritus scientist at the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) at the University of Cambridge and emeritus fellow of Wolfson College, Cambridge.
Chothia died on 26 November 2019 at the age of 77.
Maarit Feldt-Ranta
Maarit Kristiina Feldt-Ranta (26 April 1968 – 27 November 2019) was a Finnish politician. She represented the Social Democratic Party of Finland. She had represented the electoral district of Uusimaa in the Parliament of Finland from March 2007 through April 2019. In 2017, she was elected as the vice-chair of the party. Feldt-Ranta was born in Karis, Finland.
In January 2019, Feldt-Ranta announced her retirement because she was re-diagnosed with stomach cancer. In May, she stopped treatment. She died six months later on 27 November from the disease at the age of 51.
Agnes Baker Pilgrim
Agnes Emma Baker Pilgrim (September 11, 1924 – November 27, 2019) was a Native American spiritual elder. She was born near Grants Pass, Oregon. She was the oldest member of her tribe, the Takelma.
Pilgrim was Elected Chairperson of the International Council of 13 Indigenous Grandmothers at its founding in 2004. "She was honored as a "Living Treasure" by the Confederated Tribes of Siletz, and as a "Living Cultural Legend" by the Oregon Council of the Arts." She was Leader of the Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians.
Pilgrim died on November 27, 2019 in Grants Pass at the age of 95.
Marion McClinton
Marion McClinton (July 26, 1954 – November 28, 2019) was an American theatre director, playwright, and actor. He was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
He was nominated for the Tony Award for "King Hedley II". He won the 2000 Vivian Robinson Audelco Black Theatre Awards, Director/Dramatic Production and the 1999–2000 Obie Awards, Direction, for "Jitney", and was nominated for the Drama Desk Award. He directed an Off-Broadway production of "Pure Confidence" in May 2009 as part of Americas Off Broadway Festival.
McClinton died from renal failure in Saint Paul on November 28, 2019, at age 65.
Jaegwon Kim
Jaegwon Kim (Daegu, September 12, 1934 – November 27, 2019) was a Korean-American philosopher. He was an emeritus professor at Brown University, but who also taught at several other leading American universities. He was best known for his work on mental causation and the mind-body problem. His issues are well represented by the papers collected in "Supervenience and Mind: Selected Philosophical Essays" (1993).
Kim died on November 27, 2019 at the age of 85.
Data Gunj Buksh Town
Huron, Kansas
Huron is a city in Atchison County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 54 people lived there.
Huron was platted in 1882. This is when the railroad was extended to that point. The city was named after Col. Anthony Huron, an original owner of the town site.
Huron is at (39.638807, -95.351981).
As of the 2010 census says that there were 54 people, 20 households, and 13 families living in the city.
Lussy-sur-Morges
Cottens, Vaud
Cottens is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Cuarnens
Dizy, Switzerland
Dizy is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Pampigny
Pampigny is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Echandens
L'Isle, Switzerland
L'Isle is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Willowbrook, Kansas
Willowbrook is a city in Reno County, Kansas, United States, and a suburb of Hutchinson. As of the 2010 census, 87 people lived there.
Willowbrook is at (38.098443, -97.990942).
As of the 2010 census says that there were 87 people, 35 households, and 33 families living in the city.
Simpson, Kansas
Simpson is a city in Cloud and Mitchell counties in Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 86 people lived there.
Simpson was first called Brittsville. It had started in 1871 when a mill opened at the site. The present name was adopted in 1882 in honor of Alfred Simpson, an original landowner.
The first post office at Brittsville was created in June 1874. It was renamed Simpson in April 1882.
Simpson is at (39.384460, -97.932291).
As of the 2010 census says that there were 86 people, 36 households, and 26 families living in the city.
Simpson is served by USD 273 Beloit.
Simpson schools were closed through school unification. The Simpson High School mascot was Simpson Coyotes.
Hunter, Kansas
Hunter is a city in Mitchell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 57 people lived there.
The first post office in Hunter was created in 1895. It was named for Al Hunter, an early settler. Hunter was incorporated in 1915.
Hunter is at (39.234632, -98.395944).
Hunter has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system says that Hunter has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
As of the 2010 census says that there were 57 people, 33 households, and 15 families living in the city.
Hunter is served by USD 299 Sylvan-Lucas Unified Schools.
Hunter High School was created in 1917. Hunter, Sylvan Grove and Vesper schools merged to form Sylvan Unified schools in 1966. In 2010, Sylvan Unified merged with Lucas-Luray schools to form Sylvan-Lucas Unified.
The Hunter High School mascot was Hunter Huntsmen. Sylvan Unified as well as Sylvan-Lucas Unified mascot is the Mustangs.
Tipton St John
"This is about the village in the Devon. For other places called Tipton, see Tipton (disambiguation)."
Tipton St John is a village in the parish of Ottery St Mary in the county of Devon in England. About 350 people live there. The village is near the River Otter.
The Tipton St Johns railway station closed in 1967.
The village has a pub called The Golden Lion.
The village primary school has 97 students and 16 staff. It is run by Devon County Council.
The post office closed down in 2008.
Montgomery County, Mississippi
Montgomery County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 10,925 people lived there. Its county seat is Winona.
Sharkey County, Mississippi
Sharkey County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 4,916 people lived there. Its county seat is Rolling Fork.
Fort Sumner, New Mexico
Anthony Martial
Anthony Jordan Martial is a French football player who plays for Manchester United FC and the French national team. Martial started playing football at Les Ulis. He moved to Lyon to start playing professionally. He moved to AS Monaco in 2013, and then to Manchester United in 2015.
According to Egyptian legend, Horus, son of the light, outwitted the evil god Set and imprisoned him in a secret tomb. Five thousand years later, Lara Croft discovers the lost tomb and unwittingly unleashes Set, fulfilling the ancient prophecy of his return to plunge mankind into darkness! In a race against time, Lara must use all her wit and skill to re-imprison Set and save the world from Armageddon.
Fractionating column
Bismuth(III) nitrate
Bismuth(III) nitrate is a salt of bismuth, in the 3+ oxidation state, and the nitrate anion. Its chemical formula is Bi(NO).
Fairview, Kansas
Fairview is a city in Brown County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 260 people lived there.
Fairview was founded in 1872. It was named for its scenic setting.
Fairview is at (39.839885, -95.727369).
As of the 2010 census says that there were 260 people, 130 households, and 71 families living in the city.
Wayne County, Mississippi
Wayne County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 20,747 people lived there. Its county seat is Waynesboro.
Panola County, Mississippi
Panola County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 34,707 people lived there. Its county seats are Sardis and Batesville.
Pearl River County, Mississippi
Pearl River County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 55,834 people lived there. Its county seat is Poplarville. It used to be called Hancock County.
Pike County, Mississippi
Pike County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 40,404 people lived there. Its county seat is Magnolia.
Morrill, Kansas
Morrill is a city in Brown County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 230 people lived there.
Morrill was planned out in 1878 when the St. Joseph and Western Railroad was extended to that point. It was named for Kansas governor Edmund Needham Morrill, the 13th Governor of Kansas.
Morrill is at (39.929879, -95.694498).
As of the 2010 census says that there were 230 people, 88 households, and 66 families living in the city.
Morrill is served by USD 113 Prairie Hills.
Morrill High School was closed through school unification. The Morrill High School mascot was Tigers.
Saint-Livres
La Rogivue
Lavigny, Vaud
Lavigny is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland.
Malapalud
Mosnang
Oberhelfenschwil
Oberhelfenschwil is a municipality in Toggenburg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.
Montherod
Montherod is a municipality in Morges in the Swiss canton of Vaud.
Guam kingfisher
Haramosh Peak
Haramosh Peak is a mountain in the Karakoram range, in Pakistan. Skil Brum is part of the Rakaposhi-Haramosh subrange. It is the 68th highest mountain in the world.
The first people to reach the top were an Austrian expedition, in 1958.
Uranyl nitrate
Uranyl nitrate is a salt of the cation uranyl, and the nitrate anion. Its formula is UO(NO). Chemists make it by mixing uranium salts with nitric acid. Uranyl nitrate dissolves in some solvents, like water and ethanol.
Acetone peroxide
Acetone peroxide (also called APEX) is a very explosive and dangerous chemical compound. It is often seen as a dimer or trimer. This means that the molecules of acetone peroxide are connected to each other two or three times.
Acetone peroxide does not see much use in armies around the world, because it does not last very long. It only lasts around 10 days. However, it is very popular among terrorist groups, because it is cheap to make and very energetic. It is also one of the few explosives that do not contain nitrogen, making it hard to find.
Metric ton
Electric match
An electric match is a device that uses electricity to ignite a flammable compound. Usually, it is made of two wires. When an electric current is applied to the two wires, they will ignite the compound. Electric matches are used when it is important to know the exact time at which the compound catches fire. Example uses include airbags, pyrotechnic devices (fireworks) and explosives.
Because they can be used to ignite explosives, some countries have trade restrictions on electric matches.
Boyolali Regency
Henri Biancheri
Henri Biancheri (30 July 1932 – 1 December 2019) was a French footballer player and sports executive. He played midfielder for 14 seasons including seven at AS Monaco FC. After he retired as a player, he became a commercial director at Adidas from 1966 to 1986.
Biancheri died on 1 December 2019 at the age of 87.
Shelley Morrison
Shelley Morrison (born Rachel Mitrani, also known as Rachel Domínguez; October 26, 1936 – December 1, 2019) was an American actress. Her best known role was Rosario Salazar in the NBC comedy television series "Will & Grace". She also had a recurring role in the soap opera "General Hospital" in 1982.
Morrison died at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles on December 1, 2019 of heart failure, aged 83.
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
Paul Sirba
Paul David Sirba (September 2, 1960 – December 1, 2019) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was bishop of the Diocese of Duluth, Minnesota from 2009 until his death. He was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
Sirba died on December 1, 2019 in Duluth, Minnesota of a heart attack at the age of 59.
Pat Sullivan (American football)
Patrick Joseph Sullivan (January 18, 1950 – December 1, 2019) was an American football player and coach. He won the Heisman Trophy in 1971. He then played six seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Atlanta Falcons and Washington Redskins.
Sullivan was a head football coach at Samford University, from 2007 to 2014. He was the head football coach at Texas Christian University (TCU) from 1992 to 1997 and the offensive coordinator at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) from 1999 to 2006.
Sullivan was added into the College Football Hall of Fame as a player in 1991.
Sullivan died on December 1, 2019 at his Birmingham, Alabama home from throat cancer-related problems, aged 69.
Brian Tierney (medievalist)
Brian Tierney (May 7, 1922 – November 30, 2019) was an English historian and a medievalist. He was a member of the faculty of the Catholic University of America for eight years until becoming professor of medieval history at Cornell University in 1959, becoming the Goldwin Smith Professor of Medieval History in 1969. He was the first Bowmar Professor of Humanistic Studies in 1977.
Tierney was born in Scunthorpe, North Lincolnshire. He died on November 30, 2019 at his home in Ithaca, New York at the age of 97.
North Lincolnshire
Milagrosa Tan
Milagrosa Tan (1957/1958 – 30 November 2019) was a Filipina politician. She was the Governor of Samar from 2001 through 2010 and again from June 2019 through her death. She was the first female governor of the province. She was a member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines.
Tan died at a hospital in Taguig from cardiac arrest on 30 November 2019, aged 61.
Harold Rahm
Harold Joseph Rahm (February 22, 1919 – November 30, 2019) was a Catholic priest and Jesuit. He was well known for his work with gangs and inner-city youth in El Paso, Texas. From there he went to Campinas, Brazil, where he worked at prevention and treatment of drug addiction.
Rahm died on November 30, 2019 in Campinas, Brazil at the age of 100.
Petr Málek
Petr Málek (; 26 November 1961 in Moravský Krumlov – 30 November 2019 in Kuwait) was a Czech sport shooter. He won the Silver Medal in skeet at the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. He was Cyprus coach 2002–2008 and later a private coach.
Mariss Jansons
Mariss Ivars Georgs Jansons (14 January 1943 – 30 November/1 December 2019) was a Latvian-Russian conductor. Jansons was seen as one of the world's top living conductors. He was best known for his versions of Mahler, Strauss and Russian composers such as Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninoff and Shostakovich.
He worked for the Oslo Philharmonic, where he was music director from 1979 to 2000. He also directed the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra from 1997 to 2004, the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra from 2003 until his death, and the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra from 2004 to 2015.
Jansons died either late on 30 November or during the early hours of 1 December 2019 in Saint Petersburg, Russia from cardiovascular disease, aged 76.
Michael Howard (historian)
Sir Michael Eliot Howard (29 November 1922 – 30 November 2019) was a British military historian.
He was a Professor of the History of War, Honorary Fellow of All Souls College, Regius Professor of Modern History at Oxford University, Robert A. Lovett Professor of Military and Naval History at Yale University and founder of the Department of War Studies King's College London.
In 1958, he co-founded the International Institute for Strategic Studies.
Howard was called by "Financial Times" as "Britain's greatest living historian".
Irving Burgie
Irving Louis Burgie (July 28, 1924 – November 29, 2019), also known as Lord Burgess, was an American songwriter. He was known as "one of the greatest composers of Caribbean music". Burgie was born in Brooklyn. He wrote 34 songs for Harry Belafonte, including eight of the 11 songs on the Belafonte album "Calypso" (1956), the first album of any kind to sell one million copies. Burgie also wrote the lyrics of the National Anthem of Barbados.
Burgie died on November 29, 2019 in Queens of heart failure at the age of 95.
Martin Dempsey
Martin Edward Dempsey (born March 14, 1952), sometimes known as Marty Dempsey, is a retired United States Army general. He was the 18th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from October 1, 2011 until September 25, 2015. He was the 37th Chief of Staff of the Army from April 11, 2011 to September 7, 2011. He retired on September 25, 2015.
He now is a professor at Duke University and as a chairman of USA Basketball.
Ken Kavanagh
Thomas Kenrick Kavanagh (12 December 1923 — 26 November 2019) was an Australian Grand Prix motorcycle road racer and racecar driver. He was born in Melbourne. In 1952, Kavanagh became the first Australian to win a motorcycle Grand Prix race when he won the 350cc Ulster Grand Prix.
Kavanagh died in Bergamo, Italy on 26 November 2019 at the age of 95.
Commissioner of Food and Drugs
The United States Commissioner of Food and Drugs is the head of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. The commissioner is appointed by the President of the United States with confirmation of the Senate. The commissioner reports to the Secretary of Health and Human Services.
Frank E. Young (physician)
Frank Edward Young (September 1, 1931 – November 24, 2019) was an American physician. He was Commissioner of Food and Drugs from 1984 to 1989 and later as a Deputy Assistant Secretary in the United States Department of Health and Human Services during the Ronald Reagan presidency.
Young died of lymphoma on November 24, 2019, in Wilmington, North Carolina at age 88.
Mineola, New York
Mineola is a village in Nassau County, Long Island, New York, United States. The population was 18,799 at the 2010 census. The name Mineola is Algonquin for "pleasant village".
Wayne Shorter
Wayne Shorter (born August 25, 1933) is an American jazz saxophonist and composer.
In the 1960s, he joined Miles Davis's Second Great Quintet, and from there he co-founded the jazz fusion band Weather Report. He has recorded over 20 albums as a bandleader.
Shorter has won 11 Grammy Awards. "The New York Times" called Shorter in 2008 as "probably jazz's greatest living small-group composer and a contender for greatest living improviser."
In 2017, he was awarded the Polar Music Prize.
Thelma Schoonmaker
Thelma Colbert Schoonmaker (born January 3, 1940) is an Algerian-born American movie editor. She is known for working with director Martin Scorsese for over fifty years.
She started working with Scorsese on his first movie "Who's That Knocking at My Door" (1967), and edited all of Scorsese's movies since "Raging Bull" (1980). Schoonmaker has received seven Academy Award nominations for Best Film Editing, and has won three times—for "Raging Bull" (1980), "The Aviator" (2004), and "The Departed" (2006).
Ronald Hawkins, OC, (born January 10, 1935) is an American-Canadian rock and roll singer-songwriter. He was born in Huntsville, Arkansas but his career is based in Toronto, Ontario. He is known as an important singer for the Canadian rock genre scene.
His hit songs included covers of Chuck Berry's "Thirty Days" (entitled "Forty Days" by Hawkins) and Young Jessie's "Mary Lou", a song about a "gold-digging woman". Other well-known recordings are "Who Do You Love?", "Hey Bo Diddley", and "Susie Q".
Public health observatory
In the UK, a public health observatory (PHO) is a public health and
wellness project. On 1 April 2013, the regional Public Health Observatories (PHOs) transferred along with the specialist observatories and the National Cancer Intelligence Network into Public Health England (PHE).
PHO uses the word observatory, from astronomy, to show objectivity in measuring well-being.
Public health, environmental health, diet, recreation, outdoor education, exercise and other concerns are explored by most public health observatories.
The London Health Observatory pioneered methods in measuring social capital and how this affects healing and health in general.
There was a network of public health observatories, one in each of the nine regions in England. There are health observatories in Wales, Scotland and Ireland.
The Association of Public Health Observatories (APHO) represented the network of public health observatories across the UK and Ireland. It became part of Public Health England, along with all the English observatories except Lincolnshire on 1 April 2013. The Lincolnshire observatory continues with the support of the County Council.
Sophie Wilmès
Sophie Wilmès (; born 15 January 1975) is a Belgian politician. In October 2019, she became the  Prime Minister of Belgium. She is the first female head of government of Belgium and of Jewish descent.
Sentinel (sculpture)
Sentinel () is a 16m high sculpture by Tim Tolkien. It is on Spitfire Island, a roundabout at the intersection of the Chester Road and the A47 Fort Parkway at the entrance to the Castle Vale estate in Birmingham.
It is near Junction 5 of the M6 motorway and the Jaguar car factory. This used to be the Castle Bromwich aircraft factory. It shows three Spitfires peeling off up into the air in different directions. The half-scale Spitfires are made of aluminium, with curving steel supporting beams which act as vapour trails. It captures the dynamics of the Spitfire in flight and commemorates the nearby Castle Bromwich factory where most of Britain's wartime Spitfires were built.
The project began in 1997. The project has won awards. The project was part of the regeneration of the Castle Vale estate. It was funded by the National Lottery. Tolkien was appointed as artist in residence. He consulted local residents about an art feature. They liked the area's links to World War II aircraft. They would like a sculpture with Spitfires. The sculpture was opened on 14 November 2000. The sculptor is the great-nephew of J. R. R. Tolkien who was the author of "The Lord of the Rings," and who grew up in Birmingham.
The main commercial sponsors of the spitfire sculpture were from Jaguar, Rubery Owen Holdings and Cincinnati. Both Cincinnati and Rubery Owen Holdings made parts for the Spitfires. They were put together at the Castle Bromwich Spitfire and Avro Lancaster bomber factory. This is the factory where Jaguar cars are now made.
The Castle Bromwich Aerodrome Factory was built in 1940 to produce planes for the war effort. About 12,000 Spitfires were made there from 1940 to 1945. Over 37,000 test flights were made from Castle Bromwich Aerodrome. The completed planes were towed across the road from the factory to the Aerodrome. The sculpture was unveiled by Alex Henshaw. He was the Chief Test Pilot for spitfires.
The aerodrome site is now the Castle Vale estate.
Patrick Pinney
Patrick Pinney (born June 30, 1952) is an American actor and voice actor.
Fitzhugh Mullan
Fitzhugh Mullan (July 22, 1942 – November 29, 2019) was an American physician, writer, educator, and social activist. He worked in the founding of the Student Health Organization, the National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship, Seed Global Health, and the Beyond Flexner Alliance.
Mullan was a professor of Health Policy and Management and of Pediatrics at the George Washington University and the George Washington University Health Workforce Institute. He was an elected member of the National Academy of Medicine. He was born in New York City.
Mullan died on November 29, 2019 in Bethesda, Maryland of lung cancer at the age of 77.
Lil Bub
Lil Bub, officially Lil BUB (June 21, 2011 – December 1, 2019), was an American celebrity cat. She was known for her unique physical appearance. Her owner, Mike Bridavsky, adopted her when his friends called to ask him to give her a home. Her photos were first posted to Tumblr in November 2011, before being taken off after being featured on the social news website Reddit.
"Lil Bub" on Facebook has over three million likes. Lil Bub stars in "Lil Bub & Friendz", a documentary premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 18, 2013, that won the Tribeca Online Festival Best Feature Film.
Lil Bub died of a bone infection on December 1, 2019 at the age of 8, which lead to a overwhelming degree of sorrow over her death on social media.
Kelly Loeffler
Kelly Lynn Loeffler (; born November 27, 1970) is an American businesswoman, political donor and politician. Loeffler was the United States Senator from Georgia from January 6, 2020 to January 20, 2021. Before becoming senator, she had no political experience. She is a member of the Republican Party. She lost her re-election bid on January 5, 2021 to Raphael Warnock.
She was the chief executive officer of Bakkt and the part-owner of the Atlanta Dream of the Women's National Basketball Association.
On November 27, 2019 Governor Brian Kemp's said that Loeffler was his top pick to replace Senator Johnny Isakson. Kemp formally picked Loeffler as his senate pick.
Loeffler is very wealthy and was one of the wealthiest members of the United States Senate.
Kelly was born on November 27, 1970, in Bloomington, Illinois. She was raised on the family farm in Stanford, Illinois.
According to the non-partisan Center for Responsive Politics, Loeffler and her husband have donated 3.2 "million" dollars to political committees. While the majority of these donations have gone to the Republican Party, some donations have gone to Democrats, including Representative David Scott (GA–13), a Democrat, who received $10,200. Loeffler donated $750,000 to Restore Our Future, a Super PAC supporting former Governor Mitt Romney's 2012 presidential campaign. The National Republican Senatorial Committee received $247,500 from Loeffler and her husband.
Loeffler first considered running for office in 2014. She briefly expressed interest in seeking the Republican nomination in the 2014 United States Senate election in Georgia but ultimately passed on the race because of Intercontinental Exchange's pending acquisition with the New York Stock Exchange.
In 2004, Loeffler, then 34, married businessman Jeffrey Spreecher. Spreecher is 15 years older than Loeffler. They have no children.
Aktobe
Aktobe (; ) is a city in Kazakhstan. In 2017, it had a population of roughly 413,918 people.
Ivan Drago
Ivan Drago (Russian: Иван Драго) is a fictional soviet Russian boxer created and played by Dolph Lundgren. He first appeared in the 1985 movie Rocky IV starring Sylvester Stallone.
North Sulawesi
North Sulawesi () is a province of Indonesia. It is on the northeastern peninsula of the island of Sulawesi. This is called the Minahasa Peninsula. The province is south of the Philippines and southeast of Sabah, Malaysia. The Maluku Sea is to the east, the Gorontalo and Celebes Sea is to the west, and the Gulf of Tomini is to the southwest. The province's area is 13851.64 sq.km, and its population was 2,270,596 at the 2010 census;
The province's capital, business center, and largest city is Manado. Other major towns are Tomohon and Bitung. There are many tall mountains from high. The province is a young volcanic region. There are many eruptions and active volcanic cones.
In the past, Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch and the Kingdoms around this area fought over the riches in North Sulawesi such as spices, rice and gold. The region was also the trading route between west and east and this helped the spread of Christianity, Islam, and other religions. The Portuguese first landed in the 16th century. The Spanish and the Dutch came and the Portuguese fought them. Finally, the Dutch got control in the 17th century. The Dutch ruled the area for three centuries until the Japanese came at the start of World War II. After the Japanese lost WWII in 1945, the Dutch controlled the area again for a short time. They left in 1949. , following the Round Table Conference, in which the Dutch recognized the newly created United States of Indonesia (RIS). So, North Sulawesi became part of the territory of the State of East Indonesia (NIT). The people did not like NIT, so it became part of the Republic of Indonesia in 1950. At first, the island of Sulawesi was one single province. Soon it separated into several different provinces. So, the province of North Sulawesi started on 14 August 1959.
The area around North Sulawesi used to be called Minahasa. The name is still used sometimes. The word Minahasa comes from the words Mina-Esa (Minaesa) or Maesa which means being one or uniting This name shows hope to unite the ethnic groups of the area including the: Tontemboan, Tombulu, Tonsea, Tolour (Tondano), Tonsawang, Ponosakan, Pasan, and Bantik. The word "Minahasa" was first used by J.D. Schierstein, the Dutch regent of Manado, in his report to the Governor of Maluku on 8 October 1789.
Archaeological research has revealed signs of human life in North Sulawesi since 30,000 years ago, based on evidence in the cave Liang Sarru on the island of Salibabu. Other evidence shows life about 6,000 years ago on the Passo Hillside Site in Kakas District and 4,000 years ago to early AD at the Liang Tuo Mane'e cave in Arangkaa on Karakelang Island.
At the end of the 16th century, Portuguese and Spanish arrived in North Sulawesi. The Portugal was the first western nation to arrive in North Sulawesi. A Portuguese ship landed at Manado The Sultanate of Maguindanao controlled the northern islands at that time. The Portuguese built the fort at Amurang.
The Spanish ship docked on the island of Talaud and Siau, on to Ternate. Spain built the Fort in Manado, since then Minahasa started in control of Spain. The resistance against the Spanish occupation culminated in 1660–1664.
The Dutch ship landed in Manado City in 1660 in assisting the struggle of the Minahasa Confederation against Spain. The United Nations republican association of members of the Minahasa Confederation entered into a Trade Agreement with the VOC. This trade cooperation agreement then made the VOC monopolize the trade, which gradually began to impose its will, eventually leading to the 1700s resistance in Ratahan which culminated in the Dutch Minahasa-War in 1809–1811 at Tondano.
The Spanish had already colonized the Philippine Islands. They made Minahasa a coffee plantation. Spain made Manado a center of coffee trade for Chinese merchants. Some Minahasan tribes helped Spain capture the Portuguese fort at Amurang in the 1550s. The Spanish colonists then built the fort in Manado. Finally, Spain controlled all Minahasa.
In the 16th century one of the first Indo-Eurasian communities in the archipelago was in Manado. The first king of Manado was Muntu Untu (1630). He was half Spanish ancestry. Spain later gave Minahasa to the Portuguese in exchange for 350,000 ducats in a treaty. The rulers of Minahasa sent Supit, Pa'at, and Lontoh to fight with the Dutch to force the Portuguese out of Minahasa. They succeeded in 1655. They built their own fortress in 1658 and forced out the last Portuguese a few years later.
By the beginning of the 17th century the Dutch had overthrown the sultanate of Ternate. They began to reduce the power of Spain and Portugal in the archipelago. In 1677 the Dutch conquered the Sangir archipelago. Two years later, Robert Padtbrugge, the governor of Maluku, visited Manado. He made an agreement with the Minahasan chiefs. This let the Dutch dominate for the next 300 years. However, direct rule by the Dutch only began in 1870. The Dutch helped unite the Minahasa confederation. In 1693 the Minahnians won a military victory against the Mongondow tribe in the south. Dutch influence increased and Christianity and European culture grew in Minahasa. The missionary schools in Manado in 1881 were one of the first attempts of mass education in Indonesia. Graduates of the schools could find work as civil servants, in the army, and in the Dutch East Indies government. Minahasa relations with the Dutch were often poor. There was a war between the Dutch and Tondano in 1807 and 1809. The Minahasa territory was not under Dutch direct rule until 1870. But eventually the Dutch and Minahasa became very close. So, Minahasa was often called the 12th Dutch province. Even in 1947, Manado formed the political movement of Twapro, short for Twaalfde Profincie (Twelfth Province) who wanted formal integration of Minahasa into the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
The Japanese occupied the area from 1942 to 1945. was a period of deprivation, and the allied forces bombed Manado greatly in 1945. During the period of independence thereafter, there was a split between pro-Indonesian and pro-Dutch Minahasa. The appointment of Sam Ratulangi as the first East Indonesia governor then succeeded in winning Minahasa support to the Republic of Indonesia. After Indonesian independence, Indonesia is divided into 8 Provinces, and Sulawesi is one of these provinces. Sulawesi's first governor was S.G.J.Ratulangi, also known as a national hero. In 1948 in Sulawesi was formed the State of East Indonesia, which later became one of the states within the United States of Indonesia. The State of East Indonesia was dissolved, and merged into the Republic of Indonesia. Based on Law Number 13 Year 1964, formed North Sulawesi Province. 14 August 1959 was designated as the anniversary of the province.
In March 1957, North and South Sulawesi military leaders demanded more freedom from Java. They wanted more active development, sharing tax money fairly, and help against Kahar Muzakar's rebellion in South Sulawesi. They wanted a central government led by both Sukarno and Hatta equally. At first the movement of the 'Permesta' (Charter of the Struggle of the Universe) was merely a movement of reform rather than a separatist movement.
Negotiations between the central government and Sulawesi military leaders prevented violence in South Sulawesi, but Minahasan leaders were not satisfied with the outcome of the agreement and the movement broke out. Fearful of southern dominance, Minahasan leaders declared their own North Sulawesi autonomous state in June 1957. At that time the central government had controlled South Sulawesi, but in the North there were no strong figures of the central government and there were rumors that the United States was armed with rebellion in Sumatra North, also has links with Minahasan leaders.
The possibility of foreign intervention prompted the central government to request military assistance from southern Sulawesi. The Permesta forces were later removed from Central Sulawesi, Gorontalo, Sangir, and Morotai in Maluku. Permesta planes (supplied by the US and flown by Philippine, Taiwanese, and American Pilots) were destroyed. The US then moved on, and in June 1958 the central government army landed in Minahasa. The Permesta uprising ended in mid-1961.
The Sumatra and Sulawesi rebellions failed. They even helped to create what they did not want as the center reacted to the threat of rebellion. The central government authority increased while regional autonomy became weaker. Radical nationalism became stronger. Communist party power and Sukarno's power increased while Hatta weakened. Sukarno finally established guided democracy in 1958.
Since the 1998 reforms, the Indonesian government has begun to adopt laws that enhance regional autonomy, the main idea that Permesta fights for.
The climate of North Sulawesi is tropical with muzon winds. The West winds bring rain to the north coast from November to April. It changes to a dry south wind from May to October. Annual rainfall is from 2000 to 3000 mm. There are about 90–140 rainy days. Temperatures average 25 degrees Celsius. The average maximum air temperature was recorded at 30 degrees Celsius and the minimum average air temperature was 22.1 degrees Celsius.
The province of North Sulawesi is in the northern peninsula of Sulawesi Island. It is one of three provinces in Indonesia in important places on the Pacific Rim. The other two provinces are North Sumatra and Aceh Special Region. North Sulawesi is near the equator at 0.30–4.30 North Latitude (Lu) and 121–127 East Longitude (BT). The peninsula stretches from east to west. The Sangihe and Talaud Islands are the parts of the province farthest north. These are North Sulawesi's boundaries:
Most of mainland North Sulawesi Province is mountains and hills with valleys in between. Some mountains in North Sulawesi are Mount Klabat (1,895 m) in North Minahasa, Mount Lokon (1,579 m), Mount Mahawu (1,331 m) in Tomohon, Mount Soputan (1,789 m) in Southeast Minahasa, Mount Dua Saudara (1,468 m) in Bitung, Mount Awu (1,784), Mount Space (1,245 m), Mount Karangketang (1,320 m), Mount Dalage (1,165 m), in Sangihe and Talaud, Mount Ambang (1,689 m), Mount Gambula (1954 m) and Mount Batu Balawan (1,970 m).
The two largest lakes are: Lake Tondano (area of 4,278 ha) in Minahasa and Lake Moat (area 617 ha) in East Bolaang Mongondow. The main rivers are Tondano River (40 km), Poigar River (54.2 km), Ranoyapo River (51.9 km), Talawaan River (34.8 km) in Minahasa. Dumoga River (87.2 km), Sangkub River (53.6 km), and Ongkaw River (42.1 km) are in Bolmong and Bolmut.
Along the coast of North Sulawesi, both on the mainland coast and on the coast of the islands, there are several headlands and bays. The soil in the area was fertile for agriculture.
Most of the plants and animals in North Sulawesi are like those in other parts of Indonesia. But, there are some animals in the province such as Deer, Maleo, Taong, Mini Tarsius Spectrum in Bitung City Nature Reserve And Coelacanth off the coast of Manado.
In the sea off North Sulawesi, there are several species of fish, coral, and plankton. Some marine fish are important sources of foreign exchange, including: tuna, skipjack, yellow tail, lobster, and others.
Much of North Sulawesi is forest. Forests start at sea level and may continue to mountain tops. Good quality timber, including ebony (wooden) iron wood, linggua, cempaka, wooden nantu, gopasa, and meranti. There are also plantation crops such as coconut, nutmeg, and cloves.
North Sulawesi counted 2,270,596 people in the 2010 Census. The population was 1.41% higher than ten years before. The largest ethnic groups are the Minahasan in the north of the province and the Mongondow to the south. The province's main city is Manado (population of 432,300 in 2019). In 2010, about 68% were Christian. Christians in North Sulawesi are mostly Protestant but there are also some Catholics. This is unusual in mostly Muslim Indonesia. Dutch missionaries were very successful during the colonial time. Also, because the Muslim-majority region of Gorontalo left North Sulawesi to become the new Gorontalo (province) in 2000. Muslim, Hindu, and Buddhist minorities also live in the province. Manado also has a significant Judaism community. Currently, the only synagogue in Indonesia is in Manado. There are an estimated 800 Jewish people in Manado.
Many groups of people live together in this province. The largest group of people are the Minahasa people. They mostly lived in Bitung City, Manado City, Tomohon City, Minahasa Regency, North Minahasa Regency, South Minahasa Regency and Southeast Minahasa Regency. Other ethnic groups are the Bolaang Mongondow, Sangihe, Talaud and Siau. Ethnicity in North Sulawesi is more heterogeneous then other parts of Indonesia. The Minahasan and Bolaang Mongondow are spread almost throughout the region of North Sulawesi mainland. The Sangihe, Talaud and Siau mostly inhabit the Sangihe Islands, Talaud Island, and Lembeh Island, especially in coastal areas north, east and west of mainland North Sulawesi. The Bajau people are seafaring nomads who has migrated from the Sulu Archipelago in the Philippines, due to the conflict in Mindanao. They live in coastal villages of North Sulawesi in the northern part of North Minahasa Regency.
In addition to the natives, North Sulawesi is also home to migrants. There are a significant Chinese population in North Sulawesi, especially around the city of Manado. The Chinese are also one of the first people to have contact with the local people before the European came. According to the discovery of Chinese ancient letters in the Tompaso area, Minahasa shows the cultural interaction between the Chinese and Minahasa have existed since the Han dynasty. Most of the Chinese people in North Sulawesi are Hakka, but some Hokkien and Cantonese people also live there.
Other ethnic groups such as the Javanese and the Sundanese also exist. They are mostly migrated from where they come from due to the Transmigration program enacted by the Dutch during the colonial era until the Suharto era. They generally live in urban areas, such as Manado and Tomohon.
North Sulawesi is a multilingual culture. Many languages are used and people usually speak at least two and often more languages. Indonesian is the official language of the province an other parts of Indonesia. Official documents from the provincial government and road signs are all written in Indonesian. However, most people in the province communicate everyday in Manado Malay. This language is like Indonesian but not the same. Minahasan people speak Minahasan languages. These are the five Minahasan languages in the area: Tonsawang, Tontemboan, Toulour, Tonsea and Tombulu. To the south, people speak Mongondow language and Gorontalo language. In the north islands near the Philippines, local people speak Visayan languages.
Other language in North Sulawesi are Javanese, Sundanese, and Balinese. People from other parts of Indonesia speak these languages. Hakka is also spoken by some Chinese people in Manadao. Hokkien and Cantonese are also spoken. English and Mandarin are often understood where there are many tourists, such as the Bunaken National Park. Older people may understand Dutch and Portuguese. People who lived in islands near the Philippines may understand Tagalog.
North Sulawesi has eleven regencies () and four independent cities (). They are listed below.
Thiệu Trị
Thiệu Trị ([tʰiəw˧˨ʔ t͡ɕi˧˨ʔ]; 16 June, 1807 – 4 October, 1847), personal name Nguyễn Phúc Miên Tông, was the third emperor of the Nguyễn Dynasty in Vietnamese History. His reign prolonged 7 years, from 1841 until his death in 1847.
Emperor Thiệu Trị was the eldest son of Emperor Minh Mạng; his mother was Empress Consort Tá Thiên Nhân (personal name Hồ Thị Hoa). He was born in Huế in 1807. Just 13 days after giving birth to Miên Tông, Empress Hồ Thị Hoa deceased, he was taken care by his grandmother, Empress Dowager Nhân Tuyên.
In 1830, Minh Mạng conferred "Duke of Trường Khánh" to Miên Tông. Thiệu Trị has many wifes and concubines, as well as children. The most famous wife of him was Empress Từ Dụ, mother of Tự Đức, the fourth emperor of the Nguyễn Dynasty.
According to the recorded history, the eldest son of Thiệu Trị, Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Bảo, didn't like studying at all. So he left the throne to his second son, Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Nhậm (Emperor Tự Đức).
Typhoon Kammuri (2019)
Typhoon Kammuri (; Rōmaji: "kanmuri"), known in the Philippines as Typhoon Tisoy, was a powerful tropical cyclone. It made landfall in the Bicol Region of the Philippines. Kammuri developed into a low pressure system on November 23, 2019. By November 25, it was a tropical depression and it started to develop rainbands. As it developed into a Category 1-equivalent storm, Kammuri started heading towards the Philippines. Before landfall, Kammuri underwent rapid intensification and became a Category 4-equivalent. It made landfall on the Philippines near midnight on December 2, 2019.
Võ Thị Viên
Võ Thị Viên (or Viện) (? – ?), was a royal concubine of Emperor Thiệu Trị of the Nguyễn Dynasty in Vietnamese History.
Võ Thị Viên was born in Huế, was the daughter of Deputy's Bodyguard Võ Hữu Linh. Not known about her birth's year as well as her death's year. She served as a concubine for Thiệu Trị when he hadn't yet been crowned. Although her inferior position, She still received the special love from the Emperor Thiệu Trị much more than the other primary wifes of him. It can be seen that his fondness for this concubine was not because of his family background.
In 1841, Thiệu Trị crowned, lady Viên was granted the title "Cung tần" ("Imperial maid"). In 1843, she again was granted Tam giai Lương tần ("Third-rank of Royal Concubine Lương tần"), and in 1846, she was elevated to Nhất giai Lương phi ("First-rank of Royal Concubine Lương phi").
Lương phi Võ Thị Viên, along with Đoan tần Trương Thị Thận (another concubine of Thiệu Trị), were two women that born most children for Thiệu Trị. She gave birth to 6 children:
It's unclear where Lương phi Võ Thị Viên was buried.
Robert K. Massie