AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
In 2006, Faithfull was diagnosed with breast cancer. She had surgery later the same year and has recovered. In 2007, she said she was diagnosed with hepatitis C in 1995. In April 2020, during the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic, it was reported that Faithfull was being treated in hospital for COVID-19.
Matlock (TV series)
Peter Haskell
Peter Abraham Haskell (October 15, 1934 – April 12, 2010) was an American actor. He was mostly known for guest-starring in many famous shows such as "Columbo", "Matlock", "Barnaby Jones", "Frasier", "The Mary Tyler Moore Show", "Medical Center", and in "Dr. Kildare".
Haskell was born on October 15, 1934 in Boston, Massachusetts. He studied at Buckingham Browne & Nichols and at Harvard University. Haskell was married to Annie Compton from 1960 until they divorced in 1974. Then he was married to Dianne Tolmich from 1974 until his death in 2010. He had two children, a daughter and son. Haskell died on April 12, 2010 from unknown causes in Northridge, California, aged 75.
Humoral immunity
The humoral immune system is a part of the immune system which defends the body against invading organisms and other foreign material.
The humeral part is done by macromolecules outside the cells. These may be secreted antibodies, complement proteins, or certain antimicrobial peptides. Their job is to attack bacteria (and other foreign substances) which are loose in the blood stream or other fluids. In older medicine, these fluids were called "humors". Both the more primitive innate immune system, and the later acquired or adaptive immune system of vertebrates, have humoral components.
The humeral immune system contrasts with the cell-mediated immunity. That involves the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen.
The main cells that make it work are the B cells, which create and secrete antibodies that seek out the invaders and attach to them. Once the invader is coated in antibodies, this targets the invader for destruction by other parts of the immune system. Before the B cell can create antibodies, it first needs T helper cells to 'teach' the B cell about details of the incoming invader. This is a key part of the adaptive immune system, and the reference attached here summarizes the process.
The production of antibodies tailor-made to combat particular bacteria is the most important element, but there are a number of other humeral defenses from the more primitive innate immune system.
Andrew Shaw
Andrew Shaw (born July 20, 1991 in Belleville, Ontario) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player that currently plays for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL).
He began his hockey career with the Niagara IceDogs of the OHL and played for them for 2 seasons. He also played for the Owen Sound Attack for 1 season. He entered the draft on 2011 and he was drafted with the 139th overall by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft.
He was assigned to the Rockford IceHogs, the farm team of the Blackhawks. He was called up to the Blackhawks during the 2011-12 NHL season. On January 5, 2012, he got in his first-ever NHL fight on the second shift of his first NHL game. He returned to the game after receiving stitches and score the first goal of his NHL career on his first shot of his first game against Ilya Bryzgalov of the Philadelphia Flyers. On June 24, 2013, He won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.
Allison Crowe
Moore's law
Moore's law is that the number of transistors on integrated circuits doubles about every two years. Intel executive David House said the period was "18 months". He predicted that period for a doubling in chip performance: a combination of the effect of more transistors and their being faster.
The law is named after Intel co-founder Gordon Moore, who described the trend in his 1965 paper.
The paper stated that the number of components in integrated circuits had doubled every year from the invention of the integrated circuit in 1958 until 1965 and predicted that the trend would continue "for at least ten years". His prediction has proved very accurate. The law is used in the semiconductor industry to guide long-term planning and to set targets for research and development.
The capabilities of many digital electronic devices are strongly linked to Moore's law: processing speed, memory capacity, sensors and even the number and size of pixels in digital cameras. All of these are improving at (roughly) exponential rates as well.
This exponential improvement has greatly increased the effect of digital electronics in the world economy. Moore's law describes a driving force of technological and social change in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
This trend has continued for more than half a century. Intel stated in 2015 that the pace of advancement has slowed. Brian Krzanich, CEO of Intel, announced that "our cadence today is closer to two and a half years than two".
Shahriar Nafees
Mushfiqur Rahim
Habibul Bashar
Qazi Habibul Bashar () (born August 17, 1972) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He was the former captain of Bangladesh national cricket team. He captained Bangladesh at 2007 ICC World Cup. The first test victory came under his captaincy against Zimbabwe. He is the most successful captain in Bangladesh cricket's history. Under his captaincy, Bangladesh have beaten Australia, India, South Africa and Sri Lanka in limited overs matches. He is currently one of the chief selectors of BCB
In 1989 Bashar played for the Bangladesh Under-19 team in the U-19 Asia Cup. In 1990s he played his domestic cricket for Biman Bangladesh Airlines. He made his ODI debut at the 1995 Asia Cup against Sri Lanka. He missed the 1997 ICC Trophy. He also missed the 1999 World Cup.
Test Debut: vs India, Bangabandhu, 2000
ODI Debut: vs Sri Lanka, Sharjah, 1995
Mohammad Rafique (cricketer)
Javed Omar
Khaled Mashud
International Cricket Council
The International Cricket Council (ICC) is the international governing body of cricket. It was founded as the Imperial Cricket Conference in 1909. It was renamed International Cricket Conference at 1965. It was renamed International Cricket Council in 1989.
The ICC has 105 members, 12 Full Members (who play tests) and 93 Associate Members. The membership had been divided into Full, Associate, and Affiliate Members, but the Affiliate category was removed in June 2017, with all Affiliate Members becoming Associate Members.
12 countries are full members of the ICC. These are:
103 nations are Associate members:
HoboSapiens
HoboSapiens is the fourteenth studio album by Welsh multi-instrumentalist John Cale, former member of The Velvet Underground. It was released in October 2003 as his first full-length album on EMI Records label. The producers are John Cale and Nick Franglen.
All tracks written by John Cale.
List of One Day International cricket matches played by Bangladesh and South Africa
Boris Leonidovich Pasternak (30 May 1960) was a Russian poet, novelist, and literary translator. His parents were Jewish Ukrainians. In his native Russia, Pasternak's anthology "My Sister, Life", is one of the most influential collections ever published in the Russian language. Furthermore, Pasternak's translations of plays by Goethe, Schiller and Shakespeare are deeply popular with Russian audiences.
Outside Russia, Pasternak is best known as the author of "Doctor Zhivago", a novel which takes place between the Russian Revolution of 1905 and the Second World War. Due to its independent minded stance on the socialist state, "Doctor Zhivago" was refused publication in the USSR. The typescript of "Doctor Zhivago" was smuggled to Milan and published in 1957.
Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature the following year, an event which humiliated and enraged the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In the midst of a massive campaign against him by the CPSU and the Union of Soviet Writers, Pasternak reluctantly agreed to decline the prize. In his letter to the Nobel Committee, Pasternak stated the reaction of the Soviet State was the only reason for his decision. He is still listed as the winner for that year.
By the time of his death from lung cancer in 1960, the campaign against Pasternak had damaged the international credibility of the U.S.S.R. He is still a major figure in Russian literature. Furthermore, the samizdat methods were later continued, expanded, and refined by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and other Soviet dissidents.
Marivan Hashiye (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan Province of Iran, in Iranian Kurdistan. Its population was 111,031 (in 2005 ). The city is located near the border of Iran and Iraq.
"Lake Zarivar" with length 5 km and a width of 1.6 km is located to the west of Marivan. The water of the lake is fresh and has a depth of 6 meters.
Marivans people are mostly Kurds and followers of Islam.
Mariwan is famous for its two boulevards, falakay Penjwen and falakay Halabja.
Nyan Cat is a moving image on the internet which became famous. It has a cat with a Pop-Tart (a type of food) for a body flying through space, with a colourful rainbow behind it. There is also a song that you can hear when watching the moving image. Nyan Cat was the 5th most watched video on YouTube, the place that has the video, in the year 2011.
On April 2, 2011, a person named Christopher Torres put the moving picture, without the song, on his place in the internet. The place is called "LOL-comics", and the picture is still there. Torres was making pictures, and two different people wanted him to make a cat and a piece of food. He combined the two to make a picture, and then made it a moving picture a few days later.
The song was made using Miku Hatsune from Vocaloid in Japan and put onto the internet.
A YouTube user called "saraj00n" put the moving picture together with the song and put it onto the internet on April 5, 2011. saraj00n called it "Nyan Cat". Torres wanted the cat to be called "Pop Tart Cat", but because of saraj00n now it's called "Nyan Cat".
The original moving picture that saraj00n put onto the internet was seen 90,000,000 times . It's very well known, so other people made their own Nyan Cats. People made songs for their phones, pictures for computers, and progress bars. There are also things for iPhones, Android phones, Windows Phones, and HP webOS.
There is also a game about Nyan Cat called "Nyan Cat Adventure".
Nyan Cat was in ninth place in a contest for best moving picture on the internet in 2011 by Business Insider.
Sanandaj
Sanandaj (, ) is the capital city of Kurdistan Province of Iran, in Iranian Kurdistan. Its population was 311,446, in 81,380 families (at 2006). Its population is mostly Kurds and followers of Islam.
Ingrid Michaelson
Bob Godfrey
Roland Frederick "Bob" Godfrey (May 27, 1921 – February 21, 2013) was an English Academy Award-winning animator. He won the Academy Award and the BAFTA Award for his animated short movie "Great" in 1975.
Godfrey was born on May 27, 1921 in West Maitland, New South Wales, Australia to British parents. He was raised in Ilford, Essex. Godfrey studied at Leyton Art School. He was never married. Godfrey died on February 21, 2013 in England from natural causes, aged 91.
Todor Kolev (actor)
Todor Kolev (; August 26, 1939 – February 15, 2013) was a Bulgarian actor, singer, comedian, and television presenter. He appeared in more than 30 movies and more than 50 television shows.
Kolev was born on August 26, 1939 in Shumen, Bulgaria. On February 15, 2013, he died in Sofia from lung cancer, aged 73.
Vicente Fernández
Vicente Fernández Gómez (born February 17, 1940) is a retired Mexican singer and actor. He is known as Chente or El Rey De La Canción Ranchera (The King of Ranchera Music). He had sold over 50 million copies worldwide. Fernandez had won seven Latin Grammy Awards and one Grammy Award. His career has spanned for over 35 years until his retirement in 2013.
Fernández was born on February 17, 1940 in Jalisco, Mexico. He had three children including Mexican singer Alejandro Fernández.
Robin Sachs
Robin David Sachs (February 5, 1951 – February 1, 2013) was an English actor. He was known for his roles in "", "Buffy the Vampire Slayer", "", "Galaxy Quest", and in "".
Sachs was born on February 5, 1951 in London, England. He was married to Siân Phillips from 1979 until they divorced in 1991. Phillips was Peter O'Toole's ex-wife. Then he was married to Casey Defranco from 1995 until they divorced in 2006. Sachs died on February 1, 2013 in his home in Los Angeles, California from a heart attack, aged 61.
Assata Olugbala Shakur (born July 16, 1947 as JoAnne Deborah Byron) is an African-American activist. She was a member of the Black Panther Party and the Black Liberation Army. She was put into prison, but in 1984 she managed to escape. She now lives in Havana, Cuba, as a fugitive. She was the first woman to be put on the FBI's Most Wanted Terrorists list. Shakur is the step-aunt of Tupac Shakur, a rapper who died in 1996.
Shakur was born in Jamaica, Queens, New York City. She lived there for three years. She then moved to North Carolina with her grandparents. Shakur was arrested for the first time in 1967 for trespassing during a protest.
In 1971, Shakur joined the Republic of New Afrika and the Black Liberation Army. She chose the name Assata Olugbala Shakur because she felt that her English name was a "slave name." She wrote in her book, "It sounded so strange when people called me Joanne. It really had nothing to do with me. I didn’t feel like no Joanne, or no negro, or no amerikan. I felt like an African woman".
Assata is a West African name from the Arabic name Aisha, which means "she who struggles." Olugbala is from Yoruba and means "savior." Shakur means "thankful one" in Arabic.
On April 6, 1971, Shakur was shot in the stomach. She was charged with attempted robbery, felonious assault, reckless endangerment, and possession of a deadly weapon, then released on bail. Between 1973 and 1977 Shakur was charged with two bank robberies, the kidnapping of a Brooklyn heroin dealer, and attempted murder of two Queens police officers. She was put in prison in 1973. On November 2, 1979 she escaped the Clinton Correctional Facility for Women in New Jersey.
In 1984, the Cuban government granted political asylum to Shakur. Her daughter Kakuya came to live with her in 1985.
Shakur wrote in a letter that Cuba was "one of the largest, most resistant and most courageous "Palenques" (Maroon Camps) that has ever existed on the face of this planet".
Phenol is the organic compound with formula CHOH. It is a white solid. It has an OH group (hydroxyl group) bonded to a benzene ring. It is an alcohol. Because the aromatic group attracts electrons, it is quite acidic. topolin is produced from petroleum. It is an important molecule because it can be used to make many other products. It is also used in detergents and herbicides.
Phenol has a pKa of about 10. For normal alcohols this number is usually around 15. However, phenol is less acidic than compounds like carboxylic acids. The reason for this high acidity is the resonance stabilization of the molecule when it becomes an anion.
Phenol can do electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions very well. This is because the lone pair on the oxygen atom can give electrons through the benzene ring to an electrophile. Because the lone pair is so high in energy however, sometimes phenol reacts too many times.
Phenol was first discovered in 1834. It was found as a product of burning coal. One of its first uses was to kill germs in surgery. It is still used today in some analgesics. During the Second World War, phenol was also used by the Nazis. They used it in concentration camps to quickly kill small groups of people.
Guerrero, Coahuila
Frontera Municipality
Frontera is one of the 38 municipalities of Coahuila, in north-eastern Mexico. The municipal seat is Ciudad Frontera. The municipality covers an area of 506.8 km².
In 2005, the municipality had a total population of 70,160.
Escobedo, Coahuila
Usa, Ōita
Usa grew up around Usa Shrine which was established in the 8th century.
Hita, Ōita
Hita was a castle town in the Edo period.
Hamada, Shimane
Hamada was a castle town in the Edo period.
Izumo, Shimane
Izumo grew up around the Izumo Taisha (Shinto shrine).
Imèr
Imèr () is a city in Italy. It is in the Primiero valley in Province of Trento.
Imèr borders these municipalities: Siror, Canal San Bovo, Mezzano and Sovramonte.
Khrushchev's Secret Speech
Krushchev's Secret Speech was the speech in which Nikita Krushchev denounced Joseph Stalin after the latter's death. The speech was a spoken report to the Twentieth Party Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union on 25 February 1956. Its title was On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences.
The report was known as the "Secret Speech" because it was delivered at a closed session of Communist Party delegates, with guests and members of the press excluded. Although the text of the Khrushchev report leaked almost immediately, the official Russian text was published only in 1989 during the glasnost campaign of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev.
The speech was based on an investigation of the repressions of the delegates of the 1934 XVII Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. They were victims of the Stalinist purges of the 1930s. Estimates of Stalin's role in history were quite changed by the speech. Many in the West who had been Communist Party member, or at least sympathetic fellow-travellers, resigned their memberships and no longer defended the reputation of Stalin. Russian writers like Solzhenitsyn found they were treated with more sympathy. The speech was a significant turning-point in history.
The speech caused such shock to the audience that, according to some reports, some of those present suffered heart attacks, and others later committed suicide. Many Soviet citizens were confused by De-Stalinization. They had been fed on praise of the "genius" of Stalin. This was especially obvious in the Georgian SSR, Stalin's homeland, where rioting ended with the Soviet Red Army crackdown on 9 March 1956.
The Master and Margarita is a novel by Mikhail Bulgakov (1891–1940), a Russsian author. It has been called one of the masterpieces of the 20th century. Like much of Bulgakov's work, magic realism and fantasy occurs to the background of life in the 1920s Soviet Russia.
With a fascinating cast of characters, the novel in its deepest layer is about the interplay of good and evil, innocence and guilt, courage and cowardice.
The novel is a satire on the Soviet society, a love story and an ironical look at some religious themes. The novel is divided into two parts. It starts with a plot in which two apparently unrelated stories alternate chapter by chapter.
The first plot theme is the Devil in modern Moscow; the second is the story of Pontius Pilate.
1930s Moscow is visited by Satan in the guise of "Professor" Woland or Voland (Воланд). This mysterious magician of uncertain origin arrives with a retinue.
The group causes havoc in the literary elite, especially its trade union, . is a Soviet-style abbreviation for the "Moscow Association of Writers" or "Literature for the Masses". Targets are Massolit's posh HQ, corrupt social-climbers and their women (wives and mistresses alike), bureaucrats and profiteers and, more generally, skeptical unbelievers in the human spirit.
The second setting is the Jerusalem of Pontius Pilate, described by Woland talking to Berlioz and later echoed in the pages of the Master's novel. It concerns Pontius Pilate's trial of Yeshua Ha-Notsri (Jesus the Nazarene). Pilate recognises an affinity and spiritual need for Yeshua. There follows his reluctant but resigned submission to Yeshua's execution.
Linking plots A and B are the rather sympathetic characters of Berlioz, Pontius Pilate and Ivan Ponyryov, a young, aspiring poet whose pen name (Bezdomny) means "homeless".
Berlioz is the head of . Berlioz brushes off Woland's prophecy of his death, only to have it come true just pages later in the novel. Ivan, the young poet "Homeless", tries to chase and capture the gang and warn of their evil. This lands him in a lunatic asylum, where he meets the Master. The rejection of the Master's novel about Pontius Pilate and Christ led him to such despair that he burns his manuscript and turns his back on the "real" world, including his devoted lover, Margarita.
Connecting these two themes are Satan himself, and the Master with his devoted lover Margarita. The Master is an embittered author, whose historical novel about Pontius Pilate had been rejected by the Soviet literary committee .
Part Two introduces Margarita, the Master's mistress, who refuses to despair of her lover or his work. She is invited to the Devil's midnight ball, where Satan (Woland) offers her the chance to become a witch with supernatural powers. This coincides with the night of Good Friday: the Master's novel also deals with this same spring full moon when Christ's fate is sealed by Pontius Pilate and he is crucified in Jerusalem. All three events in the novel are linked by this.
Margarita enters naked into the realm of night. She flies over the deep forests and rivers of the USSR. She bathes, and returns with Azazello, her escort, to Moscow as the anointed hostess for Satan's great Spring Ball. Standing by his side, she welcomes the dark celebrities of human history as they arrive from Hell.
She survives this ordeal without breaking, and for her pains, Satan offers to grant Margarita her deepest wish. Margarita selflessly chooses to liberate a woman whom she met at the ball. Satan grants her first wish and offers her another, saying the first wish was unrelated to Margarita's own desires. For her second wish, she chooses to liberate the Master and live in poverty-stricken love with him.
The Master and Margarita, for not having lost their faith in humanity, are granted peace but are denied light – that is, they will spend eternity together in a shadowy yet pleasant region, having not earned the glories of Heaven, but not deserving the punishments of Hell. As a parallel to the Master and Margarita's freedom, Pontius Pilate is also released from his eternal punishment.
Bulgakov started writing the novel in 1928. He burnt the first manuscript of the novel in 1930, seeing no future as a writer in the Soviet Union. The work was restarted in 1931. The second draft was completed in 1936 by which point all the major plot lines of the final version were in place. The third draft was finished in 1937. Bulgakov continued to polish the work, aided by his wife, but was forced to stop work on the fourth version four weeks before his death in 1940.
There are quite a few published English translations of "The Master and Margarita", including:
The early translation by Glenny runs more smoothly than the modern translations. Some Russian-speaking readers consider it to be the only one creating the desired effect, though it may take liberties with the text. As an example, Glenny's translations leaves out Bulgakov's "crucial" reference to the devil in Berlioz's thought:
Several literary critics have hailed the Burgin/Tiernan O’Connor translation as the most accurate and complete English translation. There are matching annotations by Bulgakov's biographer, Ellendea Proffer. However, these judgements came before the translation by Pevear and Volokhonsky.
A graphic novel, an adaption by Andrzej Klimowski and Danusia Schejbal, published by Self Made Hero in 2008 provides a fresh visual translation/interpretation.
Padmashali
Padmashali () or Padma Bramhana is a Hindu Bramhin in origin,and took up artisan tasks are predominantly found in South Indian States. The community members are traditionally weavers specialised in making clothes of all kinds. They engage as priests Brahmins for performing all rites and rituals and also perform services as temple Priests for other castes.
The term "Padmashali" is derived from two words "Padma" and "Shali", The Padma means lotus and Shali means weaver. They support their Sanskrit origin with various myths and "Puranas" such as "Kulapurana" and "Markandeya Purana".
The Padmashalis claim to be descendants from "Bhrigu Rishi" and "Markandeya Rishi", Markandeya's son "Bhavana Rishi" who were born one hundred and one son; they took to weaving and the first clothes they wore was out of the fibres of the lotus stem so they came to be known as "Padmashalis".
The Padmashalis divided into two groups based on "Sampradaya", being the Shaivas and the Vaishnavas and they worship both Shiva and Vishnu.
Although Padmashalis are related to Brahmins, they are considered as a backward (OBC) caste by the Indian government while forward caste in some states. The community is highly Sanskritised, with all men wearing the sacred thread and performing the similar rituals which north Indian Brahmins do, like North Indian Brahmin castes, their origin relates to sages as gothras.
The Padmashalis basically perform Brahmin rites and even today a group who are qualified as "agama shastra" "pandits" perform the "poojas" and vedic rites. They are identified as "Padma Brahmins".
2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular Twenty20
The 2012 Trinidad Quadrangular T20 is a Twenty20 cricket tournament. It was held in Trinidad & Tobago. The tournament is played to celebrate the Trinidad and Tobago's 50th year of independence. The tournament was scheduled to be a 6-match Twenty20 series between Trinidad & Tobago, Barbados, Bangladesh and Afghanistan. The matches in this series were not classified as official Twenty20 International matches. But it was classified as practice matches. The champions received a prize money of $50,000.
In the tournament points are awarded to the team as follow ;
Bijar
Bijar (, ) is a city in Kurdistan province in Iran. People of Bijar speak in Sorani and Garusi dialect of Kurdi. They are followers of Islam.
Revenge (TV series)
Revenge is an American television soap opera. It was first shown on 21 September 2011, on ABC. The series is about a woman who comes back to her childhood home to get revenge on her father's friends who betrayed him by accusing him of a terrorist plot that he did not commit.
Rachel Dratch
Fushimi, Kyoto
In Fushimi ward, Fushimi Inari-taisha, tombs of Emperor Kanmu and of Emperor Meiji are situated.
Gobō, Wakayama
Aminul Islam Bulbul
Mohammad Aminul Islam () (born February 2, 1968 in Dacca) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He played 13 tests for Bangladesh. He also played 39 ODIs.
He scored the first hundred for Bangladesh.
He, along with other senior players like Minhajul Abedin Nannu and Akram Khan, took Bangladesh towards Test status.
He scored a scintillating 145 against India in their inaugural test, showing all the world of his class, and made the 2nd Bangladeshi test 50 after Habibul Bashar had reached his own. However, Bulbul, as he was affectionately called, lost his form afterwards and only managed to cross 50 twice more in Test mattches.
Now he works for ICC, aiming to develop cricket in countries where it isn't a big sport, like China for instance, and aims to spread cricket throughout the world.
Imrul Kayes
Shahadat Hossain
The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire is the short title of an important book by the 18th century English historian Edward Gibbon. The book traces the Roman Empire—and Western civilization as a whole—from the late first century AD to the fall of the Eastern or Byzantine Empire.
Published in six volumes, from volume I in 1776 to volumes IV, V, VI in 1788–89. The work covers the history of the Roman Empire, Europe, and the Catholic Church from 98 to 1590 AD, and discusses the decline of the Roman Empire in the East and its fall in the West. Because of its relative objectivity and heavy use of primary sources, its methodology became a model for later historians. This led to Gibbon being called the first "modern historian of ancient Rome".
Gibbon gave an explanation for why the Roman Empire fell.
According to Gibbon, the Roman Empire succumbed to barbarian invasions because its citizens gradually lost their "civic virtue". They had become weak, using barbarian mercenaries to defend their Empire, who then became so numerous that they were able to take over the Empire.
Romans, he believed, became unwilling to live the tougher, "manly" military lifestyle. In addition, Gibbon argued that Christianity created a belief that a better life existed after death. This fostered an indifference to the present among Roman citizens, and sapped their desire to sacrifice for the Empire. He also believed its pacifism tended to hamper the traditional Roman martial spirit. Finally, like other Enlightenment thinkers, Gibbon held in contempt the Middle Ages as a priest-ridden, superstitious, "dark age". It was not until his own age of reason and rational thought, so it was believed, that human history could resume its progress.
Gibbon sees the Praetorian Guard as the main catalyst of the empire's initial decay and eventual collapse, a seed planted by Augustus at the start of the empire. He cites repeated examples of the Praetorian Guard abusing their power with calamitous results, including numerous instances of imperial assassination and incessant demands for increased pay.
In Volume I, especially Chapters XV and XVI, Gibbon challenged Church history. He estimated far smaller numbers of Christian martyrs than had been previously thought. The Church's version of its early history had rarely been questioned before. For Gibbon, however, the Church writings were secondary sources. He shunned them in favour of primary sources from the period he was writing about. This is one reason why Gibbon is referred to as the "first modern historian".
Gibbon's main theory was that Christianity as a prime factor in the Empire's decline and fall.
And, more generally:
Later historians have mostly not agreed with Gibbon. Today, historians tend to analyze economic and military factors in the decline of Rome.
Gibbon continued to revise and change his work even after publication. The complexities of the problem are addressed in Womersley's introduction and appendices to his complete edition.
Aminul Islam (poet)
Aminul Islam (born 29 December 1963) is a poet and essayist. He is from Bangladesh. Aminul has written seven books. He written five poetry books. He has been involved in creative writing for 20 years.
Aminul Islam (trade unionist)
Aminul Islam (1973 – April 2012) was a Bangladeshi trade unionist (someone who organises trade unions). He was murdered in 2012.
Islam was a former garment worker and was president of the Ashulia and Savar Bangladesh Garment & Industrial Workers Federation.
Also he was the leader of Bangladesh Center of Worker Solidarity. It has advocated for improved working conditions and higher wages. In 2010, the organization led protested to push for a larger increase in the minimum wage for garment workers. Islam and other protester were arrested for that.
Islam had recently been working to organize workers in factories, which belonged to the Shanta Group. The company produces clothing for multiple American companies, like Tommy Hilfiger, Nike, and Ralph Lauren. He had also assisted ABC News, for an interview with the survivors of a recent factory fire in Bangladesh.
Aminul Islam
Aminul Islam may refer to:
Mahmudullah
Naeem Islam
Shohag Gazi
Enamul Haque Jr
Enamul Haque (born 5 December 1986 in Sylhet), is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He is known as Enamul Haque jr because a Bangladeshi player Enamul Haque played before him. He is a right-handed batsman. He bowls a slow left-arm delivery.
India national cricket team
The Indian Cricket Team is the national cricket team of India. It is ruled by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI). It is a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC). It has Test and One Day International (ODI) status.
List of One Day International cricket matches played by Bangladesh and Australia
One Day International
Over (cricket)
In a cricket match an over is a set of six balls bowled from one end of a cricket pitch.
In a normal over, a single bowlers delivers six balls. After the over, the umpire calls "over". Some forms of cricket, like T20 cricket, limit the number of overs that can be bowled in a match/innings.
Since 1979/80, all Test cricket has been played with six balls per over. But sometimes it also played more than six or less than six.
Balls per over
In Australia
In South Africa
In Pakistan
In India, West Indies, Sri Lanka, Zimbabwe, Bangladesh and the United Arab Emirates (venue, not host) all Test matches have been played with six ball overs.
Cricket pitch
In cricket match the cricket pitch is the central part of the cricket field. It is 22 yards (20.12 m) long and 10 feet (3.05 m) wide. The surface is very flat, so the ball can bounce on it when bowled to the batsman. At each end of the pitch there is a batsman's ground and a wicket. The bowler must bowl the ball from one end of the pitch (otherwise it is a no-ball) to the batsman or wicket at the other end (it is a wide￼￼ if the ball is not thrown near one of these).
Samizdat was the underground literature of the Soviet Union. Since many authors were banned, and could not publish their works, people used typescripts to circulate their work. Penalties for being caught with copies of banned works was severe. Owning a printing press required permission, and all forms of printing required a licence. However, typewriters were common and, with the aid of carbon paper, many copies of the best works were produced and circulated.
Once samizdats were in circulation, they sometimes got into the West. Several important works were published from samizdat and translated, before they were published in the Soviet Union.
Mindy Kaling
Vera Mindy Chokalingam, known professionally as Mindy Kaling (born June 24 1979 in Cambridge, Massachusetts) is an American actress and comedian. She is also a writer and acts mostly on television programs.
Kaling was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts to Indian Hindu parents. Her mother was a doctor while her father was an architect. She was named "Mindy" after the character in the television series Mork & Mindy. She describes herself as a child calling herself "a respectful and hardworking wallflower". She took up acting when she attended Dartmouth College. She took a break from college for a semester to intern with Late Night with Conan O'Brien. Kaling was a member of Dartmouth's improv troupe "The Dog Day Players". She also created "Badly Drawn Girl". a comic strip for the Dartmouth newspaper. In the play "+Matt & Ben" she played Ben Affleck. It was featured on Time Magazine"s 2003 "Top Ten Theatrical Events of the Year". She graduated in 2001.
In 2005 Kaling began playing the airhead Kelly Kapoor in the situation comedy "The Office". Kaling was also a writer and producer for the show. She plays the protagonist in "The Mindy Project". She is a feminist. In 2005 Kaling acted in a film for the first time. She played a character called Amy in "The 40 Year Old Virgin".
In 2014 Kaling was on one of the four February covers of ELLE Magazine. It started a controversy because she was the only one of the four that was not a full-body shot. The question became "Mindy's not skinny enough to show her whole body, standing up from head to toe?" Kaling said she liked the cover and it made her feel glamorous.
She will appear as Mrs. Who in the 2018 Disney movie "A Wrinkle in Time".
Hitoyoshi, Kumamoto
Isesaki, Gunma
Iwakuni, Yamaguchi
Iwakuni grew up around Iwakuni Castle.
Sir John Everett Millais, 1st Baronet, PRA 8 June 1829 – 13 August 1896) was an English painter. He was one of the founders of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, and painted several of their most famous works.
By the time has was 30 he had changed to become a portrait painter of famous people. He was equally good at that, and became one of the best of the later 19th century.
His marriage to Effie (Euphemia Chalmers Gray) had a history. She had married John Ruskin, but Ruskin did not consummate the marriage.
When she met Millais some five years after her marriage, she was still a virgin. She left her husband, and their marriage was annulled in 1854. In 1855 she married Millais and they had eight children. The triangle has been used in drama and literature many times.
Six Flags Magic Mountain is a theme park in Valencia, California, United States. It opened on May 29, 1971. From 1971 to 1979, the theme park was named Magic Mountain and independently owned. In 1979, the park was purchased by Six Flags, and it was renamed to Six Flags Magic Mountain in 1980. It is located beside a water park called Six Flags Hurricane Harbor. It has 19 roller coasters (the most in the world) and 60 other kinds of rides, giving a total of 69 rides in the park. Some of its rides include Revolution, Tatsu, X2, , Full Throttle, Scream!, , Gold Rusher, and Twisted Colossus. There are nine themed areas, including DC Universe (an area inspired by DC Comics) and The Movie District (a movie-inspired area). Starting with Wet 'n Wild Orlando, they had replaced
The current rides at Six Flags Magic Mountain are provided below:
There are currently 19 roller coasters at Six Flags Magic Mountain, the largest number of roller coasters in a park in the world.
ICS Bégué
ICS Bégué is a French private business school in Paris. It was created in 1957 and is part of IONIS Education Group.
It is recognized by the French State.
Enol
An enol is an alkene that has an OH group attached to one end of the double bond. It is called an enolate if the proton on the oxygen atom is taken away.
Enols are tautomers of ketones or aldehydes. Tautomers are molecules which are different only in the position of an hydrogen atom. Enols can be made very easily from ketones or aldehydes using a base. They are quite unstable, because the C=O bond is stronger than the C=C bond. However, they can do many interesting reactions. The best example is the aldol reaction.
Enols of ketones can be made on two different sides. It is important to be able to choose which side to react. The side with less substituents is the easiest one to react: it can be made at low temperature with a bulky base. This is called the kinetic enolate. The other side, with more substituents, is more difficult to react. Higher temperatures are needed. This is called the thermodynamic enolate.
Steric effects
Steric effects are the effects seen in molecules that come from the fact that atoms occupy space. When atoms are put close to each other, this costs energy. The electrons near the atoms want to stay away from each other. This can change the way molecules want to react. It can also change the shape (or conformation) of the molecule. The amount of space that a group of atoms takes is called the "steric bulk".
An example of steric effects is steric hindrance. This is when a large group in a molecule makes reactions not work. For example, an S2 reaction does not happen on carbon atoms that have three substituents. Steric hindrance however can also be a positive thing. Sometimes, chemists would like a reaction to happen in one place rather than another one. A bulky group can block a position. It can also change the shape such that only one diastereomer from a reaction is made.
Steric effects are usually smaller than electronic effects. These affect the molecule's shape and reactivity as well, but they come from the way electrons are placed in bonds.
Motherland Party (Azerbaijan)
The Motherland Party () is a nationalist and conservative political party in Azerbaijan. It was founded in 1990. Its members are mainly Azerbaijanis who come from Armenia. The party's leader Fazail Agamali is a former deputy minister for social protection. The party's aim is to create a "free, powerful, democratic and entire Azerbaijan".
At the 2010 parliamentary elections, it won 2 out of 125 seats.
Kaga, Ishikawa
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Kikuchi, Kumamoto
Tsing Ma Bridge
Kotohira, Kagawa
Kotohira grew up around the Kotohira Shrine.
"Kanamaru-za" in Kotohira is Japan's oldest surviving Kabuki playhouse.
Sly and the Family Stone was an American rock, funk and soul band. The band was formed in 1967 and broke up in 1983. the band played an important park in the development of soul, funk, and psychedelic music. The group was led by Sly Stone. It also included several of his siblings. They are known for their songs "Everyday People" and "Dance to the Music".
In 1993, the band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Multivitamin
A multivitamin is any of a group of vitamins used often with minerals needed by the human body to function properly. Multivitamins are available as tablets, capsules, pastilles, powders, liquids, and injections. Besides injections, multivitamins are recognized by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (the United Nations' authority on food standards) as a category of food.
Multivitamins are often provided with minerals. A multivitamin or mineral set is approved in the United States as a (supplement) addition to a diet containing 3 or more vitamins and minerals that does not include herbs, hormones, or drugs. The terms multivitamin and multimineral are often used interchangeably. There is no scientific definition for either.
List of One Day International cricket matches played by Bangladesh and Sri Lanka
Ken Loach
Ken Loach (born 1936) is a British movie director, producer and writer. He was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. He has made many movies about working class life. His films include "Cathy Come Home", "Poor Cow", "The Wind that Shakes the Barley", and "Kes". He was educated at St Peter's College, Oxford.
La Rioja is an autonomous community and a province in Spain. It is in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. The capital of La Rioja is Logroño. Other cities and towns in the province are Calahorra, Arnedo, Alfaro, Haro, Santo Domingo de la Calzada, and Nájera.
La Rioja is famous for its wines.
Dehgolan
Divandarreh
Kamyaran
Kamyaran (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak in Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. There is also a Shia minority and a few Jewish families in Kamyaran.
At the 2006 census, there were 46,760 people, in 11,186 families.
Thomas Robinson, 1st Baronet Rokeby
Sir Thomas Robinson, 1st Baronet (1703–1777) was an English architect and collector.
Thomas left his brother William his title but not his estates. He left his brother Richard his books, including those on architecture and antiquities. On 2 March 1730, he became a Baronet of Rokeby. Rokeby is in the County of York.
Qorveh
Qorveh (, )) is a city in Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. Some people also speak Azerbaijani language. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, Qorveh had 65,842 people, in 16,309 families.
Ah Boys to Men
Ah Boys to Men is a 2012–2013 Singaporean comedy movie. It was released in two parts. It was directed by Jack Neo. Jack Neo also was one of the writers, along with Link Sng. It is the highest grossing Singaporean film of all time.
Sarvabad
Sarvabad (, )) is a city in Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speaks in Kurdi. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was 46,760, in 11,186 families.
Hartola
Hartola is a municipality in Päijänne Tavastia, Finland. It is part of the historical area of Itä-Häme. As of 30 January 2014, over 3,100 people lived there. During summer, the number of people living there almost doubles. The nearest railway station is away. There are several lakes in Hartola, including Jääsjärvi and Rautavesi.
The closest town to Hartola is Heinola. Other nearby municipalities are Joutsa, Luhanka, Pertunmaa and Sysmä. The closes cities are Jyväskylä (about 100km) and Lahti (about 100km). The closest airport is in Jyväskylä.
On the first Saturday of September there is a country market held in Hartola. This makes lot of people come to Hartola. It was first held 1937.
Extremadura
Extremadura is an autonomous community of Spain. Its capital city is Mérida. The provinces Cáceres and Badajoz are a part of Extremadura. Extremadura is bordered by Portugal to the west. To the north, it borders Castile and León. To the south, it borders Andalusia. To the east, it borders Castile-La Mancha.
Marugame, Kagawa
The castle town grew up around Marugame Castle which was built in 1597.
The modern city was established in 1899.
Since 1947, the city has hosted to an annual road running competition: the Marugame Half Marathon.
Minobu, Yamanashi
The temple town grew up around Kuon-ji, which is one of the important sites of Nichiren Buddhism. Nichiren's grave is at Minobu.
The modern village was established in 1889l. It became a town in 1931.
The Fuji River ("Fujigawa") runs through the town.
Yonezawa, Yamagata
The castle town was held by the Uesugi clan starting in the Muromachi period.
The modern city was established in 1889.
Uozu, Toyama
Uozu developed as a castle town.
In 1582, the forces of Oda Nobunaga forced the Uesugi clan to give up control of Uozu Castle.
In 1918, riots started in Uozo because of increases in rice prices.
In 1956, a great fire ravished many buildings in Uozu.
Several rivers run through Uozu—the Fuse River, the Katakai River, the Kado River, and the Hayatsuki River.
Gold was discovered in the mountains of near Uozu.
Lake Mungo remains
The Lake Mungo remains are three sets of human fossils. They are Lake Mungo 1 ("LM1", or "Mungo Lady"), Lake Mungo 2 ("LM2"), and Lake Mungo 3 ("LM3", or "Mungo Man"). The sites are located near Lake Mungo, in New South Wales, Australia, in the World Heritage-listed Willandra Lakes Region. Pieces of skeletons have been found in this region. These pieces have been attributed to over forty human skeletons. The Lake Mungo remains are the most significant of these.
LM1 are the fossilised, cremated remains of a young woman. They were found in 1969 by James Bowler with the University of Melbourne. Radiocarbon dating of pieces of bone from the burial put LM1 between 24,700 and 19,030 years old. Charcoal from a hearth 15 cm above the burial was dated at 26,250 years old (plus or minus 1,120 years). Reconstruction and study of the remains were mainly done by Alan Thorne at the Australian National University. The patterns of burn marks on the bones suggest that the body was first burned, then smashed, then burned a second time, before being buried.
Research published by Bowler in 2003 rejected previous estimates for all of remains at the site. Optical dating concluded that both LM1 and LM3 were buried around 40,000 years ago (plus or minus 2,000 years). This makes it the earliest evidence of human cremation that has been found. It suggests that ancient indigenous Australians in this region had their own complicated burial rituals.
The bones were returned in 1992 to the area's traditional owners: the Paakantji (Barkindji), the Mathi Mathi and the Ngiyampaa. LM1 is now in a locked vault at the Mungo National Park visitor centre.
LM3 was found by James Bowler on 26 February 1974, when shifting sand dunes exposed the remains. It is located 500 m east of the LM1 site. The body was covered with red ochre, in the earliest known example of such a complicated and artistic burial practice. Like the cremation of LM1, this indicates that certain cultural traditions have existed on the Australian continent for much longer than previously thought.
The skeleton was of a slender individual, quite different to the build of modern indigenous Australians. The skeleton was badly preserved: large pieces of the skull were missing, and most of the bones in the limbs were damaged. Usually, the gender of a skeleton is determined using the bones in the skull and the pelvis. The problem is that these bones are in a very bad state in LM3, or they are missing altogether; in other words, the "normal" method of gender determination cannot be used with LM3. Since LM3 was discovered, other features were studied; most of these studies agree that LM3 was probably a male.
LM3 was buried lying on his back, with his hands joined together covering the groin. Some of the bones show evidence of osteoarthritis and eburnation, and the teeth are well worn. Based on this, it is likely that LM3 was quite old (around 50 years old) when he died. New studies show that, using the length of his limb bones, it is possible to estimate LM3's height at 196 centimetres (77 inches or 6 ft 5 in), unusually tall for an Aboriginal.