AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Hiraoka was head coach of Albirex Niigata Singapore in 2008.
65||0||4||0||17||0||86||0
33||0||0||0||1||0||34||0
Marco Aurelio Silva Businhani
Marco Aurelio Silva Businhani (born February 8, 1972) is a former Brazilian football player.
Noriaki Asakura
32||0||0||0||12||0||44||0
Takao Oishi
47||2||1||0||0||0||48||2
Kenji Komata
78||2||3||0||9||0||90||2
André Paus (born October 9, 1965) is a former Dutch football player.
57||5||0||0||4||0||61||5
Yasuyuki Iwasaki
Shigeo Sawairi
124||45||0||0||17||5||141||50
Toshiyuki Kosugi
84||2||5||1||15||0||104||3
Masashi Shimamura
14||1||0||0||8||3||22||4
Inner ear
The inner ear is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear. It is mainly responsible for sound detection and balance. In mammals, it consists of two main working parts inside a bony labyrinth:
The inner ear is found in all vertebrates, with many variations in form and function. The inner ear is supplied with the eighth cranial nerve in all vertebrates.
Seiji Kubo
Mitsutoshi Tsushima
38||0||0||0||0||0||38||0
Toru Kawashima
52||0||1||0||0||0||53||0
Kazuya Matsuda
Capri is an island in the Tyrrhenian Sea. It is on the north side of the Gulf of Naples, Italy. The main town on the island shares the name. It has been a resort since the time of the Roman Republic. The Emperor Tiberius lived here from 26–31 AD.
Features of the island are the Belvedere of Tragara (a high panoramic promenade lined with villas), the limestone crags called sea stacks that project above the sea (the "Faraglioni"), the town of Anacapri, the Blue Grotto ("Grotta Azzurra"), and the ruins of the Imperial Roman villas.
Capri is part of the region of Campania, Province of Naples. Most people on the island live in the town of Capri. The island has two harbours, Marina Piccola and Marina Grande (the main port of the island). The separate "comune" of Anacapri is high on the hills to the west.
The etymology of the name 'Capri' is unclear.
Hypochondriasis
Hypochondriasis (more well known as hypochondria) is a condition which involves excess worries about having an illness that often results from having inaccurate perceptions of the human body or mental health. People with hypochondria are often very worried about their health even though in fact there is nothing wrong with them. They become unduly alarmed of even the slightest physical symptom in their very bodies and are convinced they are about to become sick, have health problems, or even die.
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa (c. 63 BC – 12 BC) was a general of the Roman Empire and a statesman. He was a close friend and brother-in-law of Augustus.
Agrippa's place of birth is not known for sure. It may have been the city of Arpinum. His father was callled Lucius Vipsanius Agrippa (we know this from an inscription on the Pantheon). He had an elder brother, and a sister named Vipsania Polla. The family had not been prominent in Roman public life.
Agrippa first married Caecilia Attica, the daughter of Cicero's friend T. Pomponius Atticus. They a daughter – Vipsania Agrippina, and perhaps another: 'Vipsania Minor'. Vipsania Agrippina became the wife of Tiberius.
By his second marriage to Claudia Marcella (oldest daughter of Octavia) he probably had a single surviving daughter.
His third wife, Julia (daughter of Augustus) bore him three sons and two daughters: Gaius (born 20 BC), Julia the Younger, Lucius (born 17 BC), Agrippina the Elder (born ca. 15 BC), and Postumus Agrippa. The last child was born in 12 BC after the death of Agrippa. Agrippa died in March 12 BC. Agrippa's more famous descendents stem from his daughter Agrippina: they include his grandson Caligula and great-grandson Nero.
Agrippa fought in Caesar's Civil War (49–45 BC), giving help to Octavian against Lucius Antonius.
Later services include his defeat of Sextus Pompey at Naolochus, Antony and Cleopatra at Actium, and the fall of Egypt. Later he completed of the conquest of Spain and fought in the North and East. For his valuable services he held three consulships (37, 28, 27 BC). He became Tribune of the plebs in 18 BC and renewed in 13, making him Augustus' unofficial co-emperor. He died at the height of his power in March 12 BC.
Edward Calvin Kendall
Edward Calvin Kendall (March 8, 1886, South Norwalk, Connecticut – May 4, 1972, Princeton, New Jersey) was an American chemist.
In 1950, Kendall was awarded the 1950 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Swiss chemist Tadeus Reichstein and Mayo Clinic physician Philip S. Hench, for their work with the hormones of the adrenal gland. His Nobel lecture was titled "The development of cortisone as a therapeutic agent". Kendall also isolated thyroxine, a hormone of the thyroid gland, and worked with the team that crystallized glutathione and identified its chemical structure.
Kendall was a biochemist at the Graduate School of the Mayo Foundation at the time of the award. He received his education at Columbia University After retiring from his job with the Mayo Foundation, Kendall joined the faculty at Princeton University, where he remained until his death in 1972.
Riccardo Drigo
Riccardo Eugenio Drigo (30 June 1846–1 October 1930) was an Italian composer of ballet music and opera, a theatrical conductor, and a pianist. Drigo is most noted for his long career as kapellmeister and Director of Music of the Mariinsky Ballet of St. Petersburg, Russia. He composed music for the original works and revivals of the Mariinsky choreographers Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov. Drigo also served as Chef d’orchestre for Italian opera performances of Mariinsky Theatre orchestra. During his career in St. Petersburg, Drigo conducted the premieres and regular performances of nearly every ballet and Italian opera performed on the Tsarist stage. He was considered to be one of the finest theatrical conductors in Europe.
Pierina Legnani
Pierina Legnani (1863–1930) was an Italian ballerina who introduced the 32 fouettés en tournant to the ballet world in 1893. She was born on 30 September 1863 in Milan, Italy. From 1893 until 1901, she was Prima Ballerina Assoluta at the Mariinsky Theatre, St. Petersburg. Legnani trained at La Scala.
Legnani danced Odette/Odile in the 1895 revised version of "Swan Lake". Her last performance was in Petipa's "La Camargo" on 28 January 1901. She retired to her villa at Lake Como. She was on the examining board of La Scala Ballet School until four months before her death. She died on 15 November 1930.
Johnny B. Goode
"Johnny B. Goode" is a song written by Chuck Berry. The single appears on Berry's 1958 album, "Chuck Berry Is on Top". The song was recorded on January 6, 1958 and became the biggest hit of his career.
It is played in the 1985 film "Back to the Future".
Mathilde Kchessinska
Mathilde Marie Feliksovna Kschessinskaya (–6 December 1971 (also known as "Her Serene Highness Princess Romanova-Krasinskaya" from 1921) was a Russian ballerina from a family of Polish origin. She was known in the West as Mathilde Kschessinska or Matilda Kshesinskaya.
Her father Feliks Krzesiński and her brother both danced in St. Petersburg. She eventually attained the highest rank, that of "prima ballerina assoluta".
Kschessinskaya was also a mistress of the future Tsar Nicholas II of Russia. She had been involved with Nicholas, from 1890, when he was a grand duke and she was just seventeen. She met him with his family after her graduation performance. They stayed lovers for three years, until Nicholas married Princess Alix of Hesse-Darmstadt—the future Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna—in 1894, shortly after the death of his father, Tsar Alexander III.
Saikaidō Seamounts
Saikaidō Seamounts are an underwater feature in the Philippine Sea. The seamounts are in the northern end of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge (KPR). The seabed ridge begins in an area about 900 km from the eastern end of the or ""Bungo" strait" between the Japanese islands of Kyushu and Shikoku. The ridge creates a line on the ocean floor which runs southwest in the direction of the island of Palau. There is a chain of extinct volcanos on this line.
The Saikaidō underwater mountain chain is southeast of the Japanese island of Kyushu.
This seabed feature is named after "Saikaidō", which was the name given to the southern region of Japan during the Asuka period.
Each of these seamounts is a submarine extinct volcano. The undersea mountain range includes:
Totem and Taboo is a book by Sigmund Freud. It is four articles in the magazine "Imago" then combined as a book in 1914. The first article is "The Horror of Incest", the second "Taboo and Emotional Ambivalence", the third "animism, magic, and the omnipotence of thought", and the fourth "the return of totemism in childhood". It was written partly as a response to Wilhelm Wundt's ideas on psychology, and partly as a response to Carl Jung's ideas. It describes Freud's idea of how the incest taboo began. The last article combines Charles Darwin's idea of an ancient family with William Robertson Smith's idea of human sacrifice being the origin of religious ceremonies, to argue that an ancient group of brothers killed their polygamous father and took his wives and then created totemism as an idea to create conscience and prevent their action from being repeated.
Susan Sontag
Susan Sontag (born Susan Rosenblatt, January 16, 1933 - December 28, 2004) was an American writer and political activist. Sontag was born in New York City to Jewish parents. She grew up in Tucson, Arizona and later in Los Angeles, California.
Sontag married writer Philip Rieff when she was 17. Sontag taught freshman English at the University of Connecticut for the 1952–53 academic year.
Sontag's first book, "The Benefactor", was published in 1966. Her first film "Duett för kannibaler" was released in 1969. In 2000 she won the National Book Award.
She was openly bisexual. She married writer Philip Rieff (1922-2006) in 1950. Her only child is writer David Rieff (born 1952). The couple divorced in 1959. She was also partners with Cuban playwright María Irene Fornés.
She died of leukemia in New York City. She is buried in Montparnasse Cemetery in Paris, France.
Money Train
List of rivers of Lebanon
This is a list of all waterways named as rivers in Lebanon. Lebanon has 16 rivers all of which are non navigable.
List of rivers of Lesotho
This is a list of streams and rivers in Lesotho.
Legally Blonde is a 2001 American comedy movie based on a novel. It stars Reese Witherspoon and Jennifer Coolidge and was released on July 13, 2001. The movie got a lot of good reviews and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture: Musical or Comedy and is 29th on Bravo's 2007 list of "100 Funniest Movies". For her performance, Reese Witherspoon was nominated for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy and the 2002 MTV Movie Award for Best Female Performance. The movie made a lot of money at the box office, and it made almost $142 million worldwide (the budget was $18 million). The movie was later followed by two sequels and a stage play with the same name. It is set in Southern California and Cambridge, Massachusetts.
List of rivers of Liechtenstein
This is a list of rivers, which are at least partially in Liechtenstein.
List of rivers of Lithuania
These are the longest rivers in Lithuania.
The Virvyčia (99.7 km) is just shy of the 100 km limit. The length of the Žeimena is an object of discussion; it could be up to 114 km.
Note: length in Lithuania also includes the length of rivers when they serve as borders with neighboring countries.
List of rivers of Luxembourg
These are the main rivers of Luxembourg.
List of rivers of North Macedonia
Rivers in North Macedonia include:
List of rivers of Madagascar
This is a list of streams and rivers in Madagascar
Acookoto River
Bemarivo River - Betsiboka River - Bombetoka River
Ihosy River - Ikopa River - Ivondro River
Mahajamba River - Manambolo River - Mananara River - Mananjary River - Mandrare River - Mangoky River - Mangoro River - Mania River - Maningory River
Onilahy River - Onive River
Sambirano River - Sofia River
Tahititnaloke River
List of rivers of Malawi
This is a list of streams and rivers in Malawi.
Dwangwa River
Shire River - South Rukuru River
List of rivers of Malaysia
This is a list of rivers of Malaysia. The rivers are arranged by letter within their respective states or federal territories. The same river may be found in more than one state as many rivers cross state borders.
shrik river
List of rivers of Mauritius
The following is a list of rivers of Mauritius.
List of rivers of Mexico
This is a list of rivers of Mexico, listed from north to south. Alternate names for rivers are given in parentheses.
Endorheic basin in northern Chihuahua:
Endorheic basin of Bolsón de Mapimí:
List of rivers of the Federated States of Micronesia
Alexander Gorsky
Alexander Gorsky (6 August 1871–1924) was a Russian ballet choreographer and a contemporary of Marius Petipa. He is known for restaging Petipa’s classical ballets such as "Swan Lake", "Don Quixote", and "The Nutcracker". Gorsky "sought greater naturalism, realism, and characterization" in ballet. He valued acting skills over "bravura" technique (a showy display of skills such as many turns or high jumps.) His interpretations of ballets were often controversial and he often used artists outside the dance world to create sets and costumes. Gorsky gave continuity to the plots of Petipa’s ballets and removed excessive choreography that did not relate to the story.
The Box Office Mojo is a website based company which tracks the box office revenues in systematic and algorithmic style. The network was begun in 1999 and was purchased by Amazon.com in July 2008 by Amazon subsidiary Internet Movie Database.
William Smith (geologist)
William 'Strata' Smith (23 March 1769 – 28 August 1839) was an English geologist, who created the first nationwide geological map.
Like another great scientist of his time, Michael Faraday, he was the son of a blacksmith. His geological discoveries were made when, as a young man, he was a surveyor, and so travelled the country. Smith's greatest discovery was that sedimentary rocks of a similar age held fossils of a similar type. So he could identify them when they were at the surface in different parts of the country.
Smith put together the historical geology of Britain (England and Wales) and southern Scotland into a single record. At the time his map was published he was almost unknown to the scientific community. His humble family and education meant he did not mix easily in learned society. His work was plagiarised, he was financially ruined, and he spent time in debtors' prison. It was only later in his life that Smith got recognition for what he had done.
In 1799 Smith produced the first large scale geologic map of the area around Bath, Somerset. Before, he only knew how to draw the vertical extent of the rocks, but not how to display them horizontally. Then, in the Somerset County Agricultural Society, he found a map showing the types of soil and vegetation around Bath and their geographical extent. The different types were coloured. Using this technique, Smith could draw a geological map from his observations showing the outcrops of the rocks. He took a few rock types, each with its own colour. Then he estimated the boundaries of each of the outcrops of rock, filled them in with colour and ended up with a crude geological map.
In 1801, he drew a rough sketch of what would become "The map that changed the world".
In 1815 he published the first geological map of Britain. Conventional symbols were used to mark canals, tunnels, tramways and roads, collieries, lead, copper and tin mines, together with salt and alum works. The various geological types were indicated by different colours; the maps were hand coloured. The map is remarkably similar to modern geological maps of England. He also published his "Delineation of the strata of England" in the same year. In another of his books "Strata identified by organized fossils" (London 1816–1819) he recognised that strata contained distinct fossils. These fossil assemblages could be used to match rocks between regions. This marks Smith as an important figure in the history of stratigraphy.
In 1817 he drew a remarkable geological vertical section from Snowdon to London. Unfortunately, his maps were soon copied (plagiarised) and sold for prices lower than he was asking. He went into debt and finally became bankrupt.
On 31 August 1819 Smith was released from King's Bench Prison in London, a debtor's prison. He returned to his home at 15 Buckingham Street to find a bailiff at the door and his home and property seized. Smith again worked as an travelling surveyor for years. One of his employers, Sir John Johnstone, recognised him and took steps to get him the respect he deserved. Between 1824 and 1826 he lived and worked in Scarborough. There he was responsible for the building of the Rotunda, a geological museum devoted to the Yorkshire coast. The Rotunda was re-opened as 'Rotunda – The William Smith Museum of Geology', on 9 May 2008.
Belgian
Belgian might mean:
Mukeshpuri
Mukeshpuri is the highest mountain in the Nathiagali Hills. It is high. It is in the Abbottabad District, Pakistan. Islamabad is south of Mukeshpuri.
Mukeshpuri is a Sanskrit word. It means "place of quietness". The Jhelum River can be seen from the top of the mountain.
In Anatolian mythology, Cybele was the personification of the earth. She was the goddess of nature, fertility, mountains, and wild animals. She is often represented sitting on a throne, flanked by two lions, and wearing a mural crown. In Phrygian myth, she was born a hermaphroditic being named Agdistis, a child of Zeus and Gaia. Cybele had a shepherd consort named Attis, and a priesthood of eunuchs called the Galli. Her cult was adopted by the Greeks and later by the Romans.
Zeus let fall in his sleep seed upon the Earth, which in course of time gave birth to an androgynous being, born both male and female, whom they called Agdistis. But the gods, fearing Agdistis, cut off the male organ. The blood fertilized the soil and there grew up from it an almond-tree. A daughter of the river Sangarius picked an almond and laid it in her bosom, where the almond disappeared. She then had a child, a baby boy named Attis.
Her orgiastic cult dominated the central and north-western districts of Asia Minor, and was introduced into Greece via the island of Samothrake and the Boiotian town of Thebes. Cybele was closely associated with a number of Greek goddesses, firstly Rhea, the Greek mother of the gods (Meter Theon), but sometimes also Demeter (especially in the Samothrakian cult), Aphrodite (on Mount Ida) and Artemis (in Karia). Her main cult followers were the Galli, these were eunuch priests of a feminine nature, who celebrated her festivals with wild dancing, self-laceration, and self-scourging.
Nishinoomote, Kagoshima
The city was established on 1 October 1958.
Attis
Agdistis
In Anatolian, Greek and Roman mythology, Agdistis was a hermaphroditic being, and symbolized the wild and uncontrolled powers of nature. She is the personification of a mountain of the same name in Phrygia.
She was born after Zeus accidentally impregnated the earth goddess Gaia. The gods feared Agdistis because she held all the powers of creation within her body. Dionysus tricked her into castrating herself, and from then on she was known as the goddess Cybele. The blood from her severed gentials fertilized the earth, and from that spot an almond tree grew. One day the nymph Nana picked an almond from the tree, and held it against her chest, the almond vanished and she became pregnant with Attis.
Some ancient writers say Agdistis is the same as Cybele, and worshiped under that name. In many ancient inscriptions, Agdistis is clearly separate from Cybele, but in many others she is listed as an epithet of Cybele. Although primarily an Anatolian goddess, the cult of Agdistis covered a lot of territory. By 250 BC it had spread to Egypt, and later to Attica, Rhamnus around 80 BC (where there was a sanctuary of Agdistis), and later in Lesbos and Panticapeum.
Galli
The Galli (singular: Gallus) were eunuch priests of the goddess Cybele or Agdistis. They were temple attendants sometimes wandering the streets begging for charity, and in return they told people's fortunes. The Galli wore feminine clothing and grew their hair long, wearing earrings, necklaces, and heavy make-up. At festivals to Cybele and Attis they danced around wildly to loud music and whipped themselves until they bled. The newcomers to the priesthood would voluntarily castrate themselves.
In Rome, the head of the galli was known as the Archigallus. A number of archaeological finds depict the Archigallus wearing luxurious and extravagant costumes. The Archigallus was always a Roman citizen chosen by Rome's college of priests, and the term of service lasted for life. Along with the institution of the Archigallus came the Phrygianum sanctuary and the rite of the taurobolium, two aspects of the Cybele cult which the Archigallus had responsibility, as well as presiding over the Galli priests.
Demchok
Demchok or "New Demchok" is a small village and military encampment in the Indian-administered part of the disputed Demchok sector south of Aksai Chin, in the Ladakh district of Kashmir. The Line of Actual Control (LAC) passes along the southeast side of the village, following a wadi just upstream from the nearby Indus River. Across the wadi, less than a kilometer away, is the Chinese-administered village, called Dêmqog, in the Ngari Prefecture within Tibet. This village was on an old route linking Ladakh and Tibet, currently closed. The village lies 36.5 km east of Ukdungle.
Though the Kailash Mansarovar is 300 km away, the route there is mostly through plains and there is demand to improve and open a road linking China and Northern Pakistan through Demchok. Islamabad says that this is part of China, however India rejects this and claims the territory to be part of New Delhi's administration.
Carabiniers of Chile
The Carabiniers of Chile, () are the uniformed Chilean national police force and gendarmerie. This institution was created and founded on April 27, 1927. Their main mission is to keep the public order according with the Chilean laws. Since 2011, the institution is under the full control of the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security.
In coordination of this institution, the Investigations Police of Chile works also under the control of the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security.
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (Tarquin the Proud) was the seventh and last legendary king of ancient Rome. He ruled Rome from 534–510 BC. Many of the stories about him are legends, and are based on earlier Greek and Babylonian stories.
He used force to become king. He changed the constitution of the Roman Kingdom to give himself complete power and used violence to rule. Many members of the Senate were killed and not replaced. He built large monuments, including a fortified temple. He and his family were forced to leave Rome after a revolt by the people. His son Sextus Tarquinius had raped Lucretia, a married noblewoman. Tarquinius Superbus died in Cumae.
Columbo is one of the most popular American crime fiction television series, starring Peter Falk as Columbo. From February 20, 1968 – January 30, 2003, a total of 69 episodes were made.
The show is set in Los Angeles, California. It is done in inverted detective story format; first showing the murderer committing the crime, then Columbo entering the story without knowing who is the murderer, but ending up catching the murderer with the evidences found. Each episode featured a guest star playing the murderer.
A complete series was released on Blu-ray Only in Japan.
Investigations Police of Chile
Chilean Gendarmerie
The Chilean Gendarmerie, (, abbreviated to "GENCHI") is the title of Chile's uniformed national prison service. The service evolved out of Chilean Army units which were given police and prison duties. It is an armed service responsible to the Ministry of Justice. In the actuality, the service is currently led by the General Director of the Gendarmerie Mr. Luis Masferrer Farías, a lawyer appointed to this role by the Chilean president in 2010.
Erin Andrews
Erin Jill Andrews (born May 4, 1978, Lewiston, Maine) is an American sportscaster. She works for FOX Sports. Andrews was a correspondent on Good Morning America. She was best known working for ESPN. Before working for ESPN, she was a TV studio host and sideline reporter for the following teams: Tampa Bay Lightning, Atlanta Braves, Atlanta Hawks, and Atlanta Thrashers reporting for "TBS College Football". Andrews did sideline reporting for ABC and ESPN's coverage of college football, the National Hockey League, college basketball, college baseball, the Little League World Series, and Major League Baseball. In July of 2012, Andrews joined FOX Sports as a field reporter for the 2012 All-Star Game. She is a studio host for "Fox College Football". She also is a feature reporter for "Fox NFL Sunday" and will join Pam Oliver on the sidelines for the "Thanksgiving Classic" and NFC Playoffs.
Gokishichidō
The Gokishichidō counted the five provinces in the or capital area as one region. In addition, there were seven in an organizational system which was imported from China in the 7th century. Each of the "circuits" or "do" was a region which had several provinces within it.
Over centuries, the government functions of the Gokishichido became less important. However, the traditional remained cultural markers.
Under the Gokishichido system, the central provinces were considered to be a core region. These lands are called the Kansai region or Kinki or Kinai. The five provinces included:
Under the Gokishichido system, there were seven roads which connected the imperial capital with all of the provincial capitals. The land around each of the roads was called by the same name as the road, including
Good Morning America is an American breakfast television program hosted through the American Broadcasting Company. The show began on November 3, 1975 and airs between 7am and 9am over all Time Zones in the United States and Canada, and one hour on weekends (beginning in 2004). The show is about news, talk, weather and special interest subjects. "GMA" is produced through ABC News and broadcasted across the Times Square area of New York City.
The show is currently hosted by George Stephanopoulos, Robin Roberts, Michael Strahan, Keke Palmer and Lara Spencer. Amy Robach reads the news while Ginger Zee does the weather. Earlier hosts include Diane Sawyer and Charles Gibson.
Biological species concept
The biological species concept gives an explanation of how species form (speciation). A biological species is a group of individuals that can breed together (panmixia). However, they cannot breed with other groups. In other words, the group is reproductively isolated from other groups.
According to Ernst Mayr, a new species forms when an existing species splits. A similar idea had been suggested in the 19th century by Moritz Wagner. Dobzhansky described the role of reproductive isolation in the formation of new species. Once a species lives in two different areas, the geographical isolation makes breeding between the groups reduce or stop. Each group develops features which make breeding between them work less well. Eventually, each group becomes a 'good' biological species, because the two species do not reproduce with each other even when they are together.
This is still considered the most common reason for species splitting, and has the technical name of allopatric speciation. It is contrasted with sympatric speciation where speciation takes place even though all the members live in the same area.
The biological species is the main reason for classifying living things, but applying it in practice is not easy. Good examples of this are the following:
What this is saying is that, in practice, the biological species concept is not sufficient by itself to decide on the classification of animals.
In 1686 John Ray introduced a non-evolutionary biological concept. To him, species were distinguished by always producing the same species, and this was fixed and permanent, though considerable variation was possible within a species.
The idea of a species as a physical type of organism had a long history. This survives as the concept of a type specimen in taxonomy. It was the way Linnaeus worked in his binomial classification, and is still useful for amateur naturalists today.
In the "Origin", Charles Darwin said that species were labels which experts gave on the basis of their observations.
But twenty years before, he had a much better idea. He thought of species as maintained by reproductive isolation. He even says "Hence species may be good ones and differ scarcely at all in any external character". Here he quotes the two sibling species of leaf warbler discovered in England by Gilbert White in 1768. At this early stage in his career, Darwin came very close to the modern biological species concept.
In the last 70 years two ideas have dominated the way professional biologists think about species.
The first is the population genetics concept. This is where a species is seen as a group which can mate together even though they are all to some extent different. It amounts to saying that a species is a gene pool.
The second is the use of DNA sequence analysis to show whether similar-looking species are genetically different from each other. This is especially useful when it is not practical to do breeding experiments.
Sibling species are often called cryptic (hidden) species because their differences can only be seen by analysing their DNA. They are very common in the marine environment.
Many cryptic species exist in all habitats. In the marine bryozoan "Celleporella hyalina", DNA sequence analysis was used to show that more than ten ecologically distinct species that had been diverging for many millions of years.
Evidence from the identification of cryptic species means that older estimates of global species richness are too low. For example, mitochondrial DNA research suggests there are at least 11 genetically distinct populations of giraffes. Similarly, the Amazonian frog "Eleutherodactylus ockendeni" is at least three different species which diverged over 5 million years ago.
Kyushu-Palau Ridge
Kyushu-Palau Ridge (KPR) is an ocean floor feature in the Philippine Sea. It is named after the nearby islands. At the northern end is the Japanese island of Kyushu. At the southern end is the Pacific island nation of Palau.
The seabed ridge begins in an area about 900 km from the eastern end of the or ""Bungo" strait" between the Japanese islands of Kyushu and Shikoku. The ridge creates a line on the ocean floor which runs southeast in the direction of the island of Palau. There is a chain of extinct volcanos on this line.
KPR is southeast of the Japanese island of Kyushu.
KPR was created by movement at the northern edges of the Philippine Plate.
Seamount
A seamount is a mountain rising from the ocean sea floor. It does not reach to the water's surface (sea level), and so is not an island. These are usually formed from submarine volcanoes. They are usually 1,000–4,000 metres (3,000–13,000 ft) in height from the sea floor.
The peaks are often found hundreds to thousands of metres below the surface, and so are in the deep sea. There are an estimated 100,000 seamounts around the globe, but only a few have been studied. Seamounts come in all shapes and sizes, and follow a distinctive pattern of growth, activity, and death. In recent years, several active seamounts have been observed, for example Loihi seamount in the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain.
Over time, the largest seamounts may reach the sea surface. There wave action erodes the summit to form a flat surface. After they have subsided and sunk below the sea surface such flat-top seamounts are called "guyots" or "tablemounts".
Seamounts are one of the most common oceanic ecosystems in the world. Interactions between seamounts and underwater currents attract plankton, corals, fish, and cetacea alike. Their effect has been noted by the commercial fishing industry, and many seamounts support extensive fisheries. There are concerns about the effect of fishing on seamount ecosystems. There are well-documented cases of stock decline. 95% of ecological damage is done by bottom trawling, which literally scrapes whole ecosystems off seamounts.
Most seamounts are not yet to be studied, or even mapped. Bathymetry and satellite altimetry are two technologies used to collect data. There have been instances where naval vessels have collided with uncharted seamounts. The Muirfield seamount is named after the ship that struck it in 1973. However, the greatest danger from seamounts are flank collapses. As they get older, water eats away at their sides. This causes landslides which, in turn, may cause massive tsunamis.
Hazelnuts are nuts of the hazel genus of tree; they are also called cob nuts and filbert nuts. Filbert nuts are more elongated (twice as long as they are round). These nuts fall from their husks when ripe (that is, seven to eight months past pollination). Hazelnuts are oftentimes used as livestock feed or ground into paste. Hazelnut is produced especially in Greece, Turkey, Italy and the American States Washington and Oregon. Hazelnuts are also used alongside chocolate for chocolate truffles. Moreover, hazelnut are rich in proteins and unsaturated fats.
Circuit may mean:
In electrical engineering
In government and law
In racing
Sibling species
Sibling species are species which look alike, but cannot breed with each other.
The classic case is "Drosophila pseudoobscura" and "D. persimilis". They are almost identical, but if flies from one species are put with flies from the other species, they do not interbreed. Another example was the European mosquito known as "Anopheles maculipennis". This turned out to be a cluster of six different species, some of which transmit malaria, and some do not.
Sherilyn Fenn
Circuit (political division)
A circuit ( ; Chinese: dào; Japanese: dō) was an historical political division of T'ang China and Japan and Korea. In Korean, the same word (; do) is translated as "province".
Emperor Taizong divided China into parts which were called "circuits".
The organization of government and geography in T'ang China were merged in provinces ("tao" ) which were ten natural regions. In part, Tang history is about the changing balance between the provinces and a strong central government.
During the pre-modern era, Japan was divided into a central region and seven provincial regions or "circuits", including
In the mid-19th century, the northern island of Ezo was settled, and renamed .
Hokkaido did not develop as a "circuit" in the traditional way. It became a prefecture. It had a name which was different from the other prefectures because of the suffix "-dō".
After the late-10th century, the province ("do") was the main subdivision of Korea.
Saikaidō
"Saikaidō" was one of the main circuits of the "Gokishichidō" system. It was first established during the Asuka period. Over centuries, the government functions of the "Gokishichido" became less important. However, the traditional eight regions, including "Saikaidō", remained cultural markers.
The "Saikaidō" road connected the capitals of the provinces in this region.
"Saikaidō" is the geographic region of Kyūshū. Tsushima Island and Iki Province were also part of the region.
"Saikaidō" has nine ancient provinces and two islands, including
Historic earthquakes are named "Saikaidō" when the main damage was in the Kyūshū region. Often quakes are called by the Japanese era name along with region location such as "Saikaido".
Nankaidō
The is a Japanese term for both an ancient division of the country and the main road running through the region.
"Nankaidō" was one of the main circuits of the Gokishichidō system. It was first established during the Asuka period. Over centuries, the government functions of the "Gokishichido" became less important. However, the traditional eight regions, including "Nankaidō", remained cultural markers.
The "Nankaidō" road connected the capitals of the provinces in this region.
"Nankaidō" is the geographic region of Shikoku. Awaji Island was also part of the region.
"Nankaidō" has parts of six ancient provinces and one island, including:
Some geological features, such as the undersea Nankai Trough, have been named for the region.
Many historic earthquakes have the name ""Nankai"" or ""Nankaido"". Major earthquakes are named with the Japanese era name and the location such as "Nankaido".
Cathedral of the Most Holy Conception, Chile
Bring It On is a 2000 American teen comedy movie that stars Kirsten Dunst and Eliza Dushku. It is about cheerleader groups competing against each other in high schools in California. "Bring It On" got mixed critic reviews, though it took in over $90 million in box office revenue. It was released in America on August 25, 2000.
Carrie (1976 movie)
Carrie is a 1976 American supernatural horror movie. It was directed by Brian De Palma and written by Lawrence D. Cohen. It is based on a novel of the same name by Stephen King. The film stars Sissy Spacek as 17-18 year old Carrie White. She is shy and is victimized by her controlling religious mother, played by Piper Laurie, as well as by several of her high school classmates. However, she has telekinetic powers which she uses to take revenge on the people who deliberately cause her suffering. Nancy Allen, Amy Irving, William Katt and John Travolta play some of her classmates. Carrie was emotionally and verbally abused by some girls who are her classmates.
It was followed by a 1999 sequel, "". It was remade in 2002 and 2013.
Carrie may refer to:
Yellow-backed duiker
The yellow-backed duiker ("Cephalophus silvicultor") is a small antelope.
It lives in the dense tropical forests of central Africa. Duikers can grow up to 3 feet in height and weigh up to 175 lbs. They live 10 to 15 years in captivity. A typical yellow-backed duiker's diet consists of bark, shoots, buds, seeds, fruits, fungi, herbs and some small animals.
Grey crowned crane
Marwar
Jodhpur state was a former princely state now in Rajasthan in India. The region was earlier called Marwar meaning 'the land of death' due to its severe famines and harsh conditions of living. Maharaja Umaid Singhji got Umaid Bhawan Palace built in Jodhpur at the time of famine so as to provide employment to public.
Its ruler, the Maharaja of Jodhpur, expressed a wish to join Pakistan but Lord Mountbatten warned him that his subjects were mostly Hindus and his accession to Pakistan would create problems. As a result Jodhpur, too, acceded to India.
Kapurthala (princely state)
Kapurthala State ( (Gurmukhi), کپورتھلہ (Shahmukhi), कपूरथला (Devanagari)), with its capital at Kapurthala, was a princely state in East Punjab. It was spread across .
Daniel McKeague
Daniel McKeague (born 1974) is an American actor, voice actor, comedian, and TV advertising sales manager. He is best known as the new voice of the Aflac mascot, a duck. On April 26, 2011, it was announced that McKeague would replace Gilbert Gottfried as the duck's voice. Gottfried had been fired because of making a joke on the earthquake and tsunami in Japan.
McKeague was born and raised in Hugo, Minnesota in 1974.
Originally a salesman, McKeague was hired by Aflac as the new voice of the Aflac Duck on April 26, 2011 after original actor Gilbert Gottfried (whom McKeague was able to impersonate) was fired.
On May 1, 2011, the first Aflac commercial with McKeague voicing the duck was released.
McKeague has a wife and 3 children.
Gilbert Gottfried (born February 28, 1955) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, voice actor, and comedian. He was the voice of Iago in the movie "Aladdin" and the TV show based on the first movie. He was originally the voice of the Aflac Duck, but he was dismissed on March 14, 2011 and he was replaced by Daniel McKeague on April 26, 2011.
Gottfried was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York on February 28, 1955, the youngest of 3 kids.
Cooch Behar (princely state)
Cooch Behar (1586—1949; also spelled Koch Bihar) was a small kingdom located south of the Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan, west of the upper Brahmaputra valley Ahom Kingdom, and north-east of the Ganges plain and Bengal.
Until 1949, Cooch Behar was a princely state subject to British rule. In 1949, it was merged with India; now free from the British. It later became a part of West Bengal. However, if Cooch Behar had become part of East Pakistan, then India would not have had as much land access towards the north-east. Also the former East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) would have land borders with Nepal, Bhutan and Sikkim.
Tripura (princely state)
Don Freund
Don Freund (born 1947, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American music writer and Professor of Composition at the Indiana University Jacobs School of Music. His over 100 works include individual music and large theater works.
He has many famous awards for his work, including a Guggenheim Fellowship and allowances from the National Endowment for the Arts.
Nham Biền
Nham Biền is a township ("Thị trấn") and town and capital of Yên Dũng District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.
List of American movies of 1991
A list of American movies released in 1991.<br>
"The Silence of the Lambs" won the Academy Award for Best Picture.
Planning is the way most organizations work to do big projects. It is thinking about what needs to happen, and then making a detailed plan.
All humans plan to some extent: it is a fundamental property of intelligent behaviour. In big organisations and government planning is a main activity. It combines forecasting developments with scenarios of how to react to them.
Forecasting is predicting what the future will look like, whereas planning predicts what the future "should" look like.
The "nuts and bolts" of planning are the documents, diagrams, and meetings, the objectives and the strategy to be followed. Beyond this, planning has a different meaning depending on the context in which it is used.
The counterpart to planning is self-organization, when order emerges spontaneously out of seeming chaos.
John Hickenlooper
John Wright Hickenlooper (born February 7, 1952) is an American politician. He is the junior United States Senator from Colorado since 2021. He was the 42nd Governor of Colorado from January 11, 2011 to January 8, 2019. Hickenlooper is a Democrat. He was the mayor of Denver, Colorado from 2003 to 2011.
Hickenlooper announced his candidacy for President of the United States on March 4, 2019. He ended his campaign on August 15, 2019. A few days later, he announced his candidacy for the United States Senate challenging incumbent Senator Cory Gardner. In June 2020, he won the Democratic nomination for the U.S. Senate race. In November 2020, he won the election.
Hickenlooper was born in Narberth, Pennsylvania. He was raised by his mother after his father died young. He is a graduate of Wesleyan University. At Wesleyan, he earned a B.A. in English in 1974 and a master’s degree in geology in 1980.
Before becoming mayor in July 2003, he was a geologist and then a businessperson. Hickenlooper owned several restaurants in the late 1980s. He was one of the founders of the original Wynkoop Brewing Company brewpub.
Hickenlooper has wanted more homeless services since becoming mayor in 2003. He talked about his "10 year plan to end homelessness" at the U.S. Conference of Mayors in Washington, D.C..
In 2006, Denver became the first major American city to make legal the private use of marijuana by people over age 21. Hickenlooper was against the marijuana legalization initiative. When the voters approved it 53.49%-46.51%, he said that the vote "reflect[s] a genuine shift in people's attitudes." Currently the Denver Police say the initiative does not overrule the state law, the Colorado Revised Statutes (CRS). Hickenlooper agrees with the Denver Police. The CRS currently treats marijuana possession much like driving faster than the speed limit. The penalty is fines of up to $100 and no jail time.
Hickenlooper formally announced his candidacy for President of the United States on March 4, 2019. Before announcing his campaign, Hickenlooper was widely seen as a possible candidate for President in 2020. Hickenlooper formally launched his campaign on March 7, 2019 in Denver. After failing to obtain over 1% in polls, Hickenlooper dropped out of the race on August 15, 2019.
In August 2019, it was revealed that Hickenlooper ended his presidential bid to run for the United States Senate in 2020 against incumbent Senator Cory Gardner. In a poll for potential Democratic candidates for the Colorado Senate, Hickenlooper was the front-runner with 61%. On August 22, 2019, Hickenlooper announced his candidacy for the Senate. In June 2020, he won the Democratic nomination. On November 3, 2020, Hickenlooper was declared the winner of the Senate race.
Hickenlooper's ex-wife, Helen Thorpe, is a writer. Her work has been published in "The New Yorker", "New York Times Magazine", "George", and "Texas Monthly". They lived in Denver's Park Hill neighborhood with their son, Teddy. Hickenlooper told the "Philadelphia Inquirer" that he and Thorpe attend Quaker meetings and try to live by Quaker values.
Dorf an der Pram
Dorf an der Pram is a municipality in the district of Schärding in the Austrian state of Upper Austria.
Dorf an der Pram lies in the Innviertel. About 8 percent of the municipality is forest, and 80 percent is farmland.
Gradualism
Gradualism is a process of change by gradual, slow stages. In politics, it is the opposite of revolutions and rapid change. "Gradualism is... sometimes associated with social democracy".
In geology it is in tune with uniformitarianism, and against catastrophism. In biology it is in tune with Darwinian ideas of slowly changing species as opposed to big, rapid changes
Gradualism is one of the defining features of political liberalism and reformism. It is against abrupt strokes such as revolutions or uprisings. Instead, change ought to be brought about in small, discrete steps.
Martin Luther King, Jr. was opposed to the idea of gradualism as a method of eliminating segregation. The government wanted to try to integrate African-Americans and European-Americans slowly into the same society, but many believed it was a way for the government to put off actually doing anything about racial segregation:
This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy.— Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech, delivered August 28, 1963 at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington DC
Charles Lindblom was an influential professor and author who believed in muddling through ("incrementalism") as the right way to go. He pointed out the connexions between the political system, the market-place and democratic freedom.
In the natural sciences, gradualism is a theory that profound change is the product of slow but continuous processes. It is often contrasted with catastrophism. Gradualism was proposed in 1795 by James Hutton to explain geology, and was later was the basis for Charles Lyell's "Principles of Geology". William Whewell called the idea 'uniformitarianism'. It formed the basis of early evolutionary theory.
Charles Darwin was influenced by Lyell's "Principles of Geology". Everything we see from the past is explained by processes we can see going on today. The present is key to the past. So Darwin thought evolutionary must occur gradually, not in jumps ('saltations'), since we do not see big changes going on today. Extreme and rapid changes in an organism would be most likely to be fatal. It is almost universally agreed that complex organs such as the eye must have evolved by many small steps rather than by one or two mutations.
"Phyletic gradualism" is a term coined by Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge to contrast with their model of punctuated equilibrium. They proposed that most evolution is marked by long periods of evolutionary stability or stasis, punctuated by rare instances of branching evolution. Their idea is less accepted today.
Ernst Kummer
Leopold Kronecker
Leopold Kronecker (7 December 1823 Liegnitz, Prussia - 29 December 1891) was a German mathematician of Jewish descent.
At first he was a business man and earned a lot of money. Then he devoted himself to mathematics. He is famous for his work on number theory and algebra. He criticized Cantor's work on set theory. He was a pupil and lifelong friend of Ernst Kummer.
French Academy of Sciences