AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Mandawuy is a crocodile man and also lead singer and song writer with the band Yothu Yindi. He is very kind and inspirational as well as he is strongly Aboriginal. His brother won The Australian of the Year.
Andreas Ulmer
Andreas Ulmer (born October 30, 1985) is an Austrian footballplayer playing for F.C. Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga as defender. His father,Gerhard Ulmer, and his uncle, Fritz Ulmer, were also footballplayers, playing for SK Voest Linz.
He started playing football in the local clubs SK Asten and LASK Linz. At the age of 14 he went to the Frank Stronach Academy in Hollabrunn (a school, where you can also visit a school beside your football education). He got his A-levels and then played for the second squad of FK Austria Wien after his debut for Austria Wien in the 2004/05 season. 2008/09 he played for SV Ried and then went to F.C. Red Bull Salzburg.
For Red Bull Salzburg he played regularly as left defender. In the 2009/10 season he played all matches of Red Bull Salzburg. This year he even played 37 matches in the league, because he came in Winter to Red Bull Salzburg which had to play a match from the first half of the season in the second half, so Andreas Ulmer played this year 22 matches for SV Ried and 15 for Red Bull Salzburg. So far he is the only player in the whole football history of Austria who did one match more than the regular 36. During the warm-up for a Championsleague qualifing match versus Omonia Nikosia he was badly injured so he missed the first half of the season 2010/11. At the moment he is working at his comeback and is sitting on the replacement bench.
WrestleMania XXVIII was the twenty-eighth yearly WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place at Sun Life Stadium in the Miami suburb of Miami Gardens, Florida.
The city of Miami was one of the two major contenders for hosting WrestleMania XXVII along with Atlanta, Georgia. In the end in February 2010, Atlanta was awarded the right to host the event. According to the Miami-Dade Sports Commission, WWE management felt that Miami's planning for the event would have been too hectic with many other sporting events held in the area around the same time of the planning, such as Super Bowl XLIV. However, Miami was reportedly considered for the next event due to its international ties, arenas, airports and experience of hosting past major events.
Bidding documents were sent to seventeen cities in mind for hosting a WrestleMania event between 2012 and 2014, with fourteen replying in interest. Other cities in mind for WrestleMania XXVIII were Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York City, Toronto, Detroit, Tampa, Vancouver, St. Louis, Jacksonville, Orlando and Houston. The city of Dallas also showed interest but had to pull out of bidding for the next two years due to hosting events such as the NCAA Final Four.
On February 9, 2011, it was announced by "The Miami Herald" that Miami had won the right to host the event. WWE would later officially announce the event in a press conference held at the Fontainebleau Miami Beach. WrestleMania XXVIII will be the second event to be hosted in the state of Florida, the fourth event without a closed roof, and the third event to be held entirely outdoors. For hosting the event, WWE will receive a $250,000 cash incentive from the Miami-Dade Sports Commission raised through grants and sponsorships. Along with WrestleMania XXVIII, a series of events grouped as "WrestleMania Week" will be held in the week before the event including WrestleMania's yearly "WrestleMania Axxess" fan convention at the Miami Beach Convention Center, the 2012 WWE Hall of Fame ceremony at the American Airlines Arena, the finals of the WrestleMania Reading Challenge, and a Celebrity Pro-Am Golf tournament.
Juan Miranda
Juan Miguel Miranda (born April 25, 1983 in Consolación del Sur, Cuba) is an Cuban Major League Baseball first baseman who currently plays for the Arizona Diamondbacks. Miranda also played for the New York Yankees from 2008 to 2010 before being traded to the Arizona Diamondbacks for Scott Allen.
Hop (movie)
Heckler &amp; Koch
Heckler & Koch (H&K, "Heckler und Koch") is a German firearm manufacturing company. They make many guns such as the MP5 series submachine gun and the rifle G3. Heckler and Koch are one of the most famous weapon manufacturers and deliver weapons to many government agencies such as German Armed Forces or the US Army.
The company is in Oberndorf in the state of Baden-Württemberg, but also has locations in the United Kingdom, France and the United States. The company motto is ""Keine Kompromisse!"" (No Compromise!). H&K makes firearms for many military and paramilitary units and counter-terrorism and hostage rescue teams.
Garfield: The Movie is an 2004 animated comedy movie that was produced by John Davis, John Kilkenny, Michele Imperato, Neil A. Machlis and Brian Manis and was directed by Peter Hewitt. Garfield: The Movie was released on June 11, 2004 in North America. The movie received negative reviews with a 14% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 27 out of 100 from Metacritic. A sequel to the movie was released in 2006 and was called, .
Garfield: A Tail of Two Kitties is a 2006 British-American live-action/animated comedy movie that was produced by John Davis, Michele Imperato and Brian Manis and was directed by Tim Hill. "Garfield: A Tail of Two Kitties" was released on June 16, 2006 in North America. The movie received negative reviews with a 11% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 37 out of 100 from Metacritic.
This movie is a sequel to "".
Odie is play by a real dog despite Garfield is animated with the computer motion capture.
Ritchie Blackmore
Ritchie Blackmore (born 14 April 1945) is an English guitarist. He is former member and founder of British hard rock band Deep Purple.
Blackmore was born in Weston-super-Mare, Somerset. His family moved to Heston, Middlesex when he was two.
In the 1950s, Blackmore played with small bands. In 1968, Blackmore , with keyboardist Jon Lord, singer Rod Evans, bassist Nick Simper and drummer Ian Paice created the band Deep Purple. Deep Purple had a hit song in the United States with "Hush". Although they were doing well, Ritchie Blackmore and Deep Purple decided to get a different singer. They replaced Evans with Ian Gillan. The band's album "Deep Purple In Rock" was released in 1970. In 1972, Deep Purple made the album "Machine Head". It included one of their most popular songs, "Smoke on the Water. In 1972, they recorded the live album "Made in Japan". Gillan and Glover left the group in 1974. They were replaced with singer David Coverdale and bassist David Coverdale. The new Deep Purple released two albums "Burn" (1974) and "Stormbringer" (1974). Blackmore left the band soon after these albums were released.
In 1984, Blackmore got together with Gillan, Glover, Lord and Paice and made the album "Perfect Strangers". The album had many successes with the songs "Knocking at Your Back Door" and "Perfect Strangers". After recording the album "The Battle Rages On", Blackmore left the band in 1993.
In 1975, Blackmore founded the band The Rainbow. The band included Ronnie James Dio as singer, Craig Gruber on bass, Micky Lee Soule on keyboards, and Gary Driscoll on drums. The band's first album, "Ritchie Blackmore's Rainbow", was released August 4, 1975. It was followed by "Long Live Rock 'n' Roll" in 1978, with Cozy Powell in drums. On "Difficult to Cure" (1981), The band included the vocalist Joe Lynn Turner, replacing Dio. After several changes in it's members, Blackmore disbanded the band in 1997.
Clint Mansell
Clinton Darryl "Clint" Mansell (born 7 January 1963 in Coventry, England) is an English musician, composer, and was also the lead singer and guitarist of the band Pop Will Eat Itself. He is known for scores on movies. Some of the most famous movies that he has scored are Requiem for a Dream, The Fountain, Moon, Smokin' Aces, The Wrestler, and Black Swan. His composition has become very popular and has been used in many advertisements and movie trailers.
Mansell has scored many movies:
Microsoft Publisher
Daily Express
LGBT rights in Bangladesh
LGBT human rights are not respected in the People's Republic of Bangladesh, and there appears to be no organized movement to advance such human rights. And such acts of homosexuality will lead to life in prison, or even face the death penalty.
The Constitution has several provisions that could apply to LGBT citizens;
According to Section 377A of BPC, adult homosexual sex acts are illegal and will be punished with deportation, fines and/or up to 10 years, sometimes life imprisonment. This legal prohibition extends to any sort of LGBT-human rights organization.
BPC Section – 377A. Whoever voluntarily has carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man, woman or animal, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Explanation : ” Penetration is sufficient to constitute the carnal intercourse necessary to the offence described in this section.
Hijras are discriminated against a lot. Many hijras do sex work because people will not give them jobs. Since On the 11th of November in 2013, hijras in Bangladesh have been allowed to choose 'hijra' as a gender on their passports. Before this they had to choose 'male' or 'female'. Hijras have their own language called Hijra Farsi. It is also known as Koti. In 2000, Shabnam Mausi was the first hijra to be elected into Indian parliament.
According to a 2017 poll carried out by ILGA, a plurality of 47% of Bangladeshis agreed that gay, lesbian and bisexual people should enjoy the same rights as straight people, while 38% disagreed. Additionally, 50% agreed that they should be protected from workplace discrimination. 49% of Bangladeshis, however, said that people who are in same-sex relationships should be charged as criminals, while 38% disagreed. As for transgender people, 44% agreed that they should have the same rights, 50% believed they should be protected from employment discrimination and 40% believed they should be allowed to change their legal gender.
Additionally, according to that same poll, a third of Bangladeshis would try to "change" a neighbour's sexual orientation if they discovered he/she was gay.
A History of Violence (album)
Sindhi people
Sindhis (, Sindhī) are a Sindhi speaking socio-ethnic group of people originating from the Sindh province of Pakistan. Today Sindhis that live in Pakistan belong to various religious denominations including Islam, Zoroastrianism, Hinduism, Sikhism and Christianity. The original inhabitants of ancient Sindh were believed to be aboriginal tribes speaking languages of the Indus Valley civilization around 3000 BC.
In his book Kitab-ul-Hind, the Persian scholar Abū Rayhān Bīrūnī (Al-Beruni) declared that even before the advent of Islam into Sindh (711 A.D.), the Sindhi language was prevalent in Sindh.
Every year for 30 years during the early 20th century, Sikh missionary groups were sent to work among Sindhis. Because of this, the number of Sindhi Sikhs increased from 1000 in 1901 to over 39,000 in 1941. During the Partition of former British India in 1947, a lot of Sindhi Sikhs left for India. They settled in Mumbai, New Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat. Later, a small number of them decided to settle in the Punjab State of India. Their main centers of pilgrimage are Sadhu Bela, an Udasi sect shrine built in 1823 in Sukkur District. And they also visit the Sikh shrines of Nankana Sahib, Panja Sahib, and Dehra Sahib in Punjab Province of Pakistan.
Persian and Urdu
The Persian language influenced the formation of many modern languages of the Greater Middle East, Central Asia, and South Asian regions, including Urdu.
Following the Turko-Persian Mahmud of Ghazni's Ghaznavid conquest of South Asia, an influenced language of Turkish, Arabic and Persian and local dialects began to form, one that would eventually be known as Urdu. This language was called "Zaban-e-Ordu" ('language of the army'), the court language, and was later shortened to just Urdu. In the indigenous literature and spoken name, it was/is called "Lashkari" or "Lashkari Zaban" in the long form. It grew from the interaction of Persian and Turkish speaking Muslim soldiers and the native peoples. Under Persian influence from the state, the Persian script and Nasta'liq form of cursive writing was adopted, with additional figures added to accommodate the Indic phonetic system. The national anthem of Pakistan is highly Persianized.
Urdu is a morpho-syntax/grammatically a Persian-Turkish written in the Persia-Arabic script, and contains literary conventions and specialised vocabulary largely from Persian. Some grammatical elements peculiar to Persian, such as the enclitic "ezāfe", and the use of the "takhallus", were readily absorbed into Urdu literature both religious and secular.
Urdu soon gained distinction in literary and cultural spheres because of the hybrid nature of the language. Many distinctly Persian forms of literature, such as Ghazal, Qasida, Marsia and Nazms, caried over into Urdu literature, producing a distinct melding of Iranian and South Asian heritages. A famous cross-over writer was Amir Khusro, whose Persian and Urdu couplets are to this day read in South Asia-Central Asia.
Pure-bred
A diagnosis is an accurate and precise account of the nature or cause of something.
Medical diagnosis is the best-known field, but diagnosis can be applied to any subject. Whereas a doctor diagnoses what is wrong with a patient, a motor mechanic can diagnose the fault in a car. In all cases they replace a vague query, such as "My car will not start", with an exact analysis, such as "It's out of petrol". Notice the diagnosis is precise enough so the solution can be seen.
These ideas work even in more subtle cases. A boy brings an insect in a box to a natural history museum. He asks an expert "What is this?" The expert says "You mean, apart from it being a beetle?" When the boy nods, the expert looks at the insect under a magnifying glass, or a binocular microscope. Chances are, it is a common beetle, and the expert can give the boy quite a lot of information about it.
But if it is not known to the expert, a much longer study is needed. Large reference books will be consulted; trays of similar insects will be taken out of store to be compared. A full diagnosis needs at least the genus and species. If the species is unknown, the detailed work of description is needed for publication.
Mostly, in biological taxonomy, the adjective "diagnostic" is used for any distinctive trait which places the specimen in a precise category. For example, A single bone making up the lower jaw is "diagnostic" of a mammal.
"Diagnostics" is the name given to procedures which spell out what to do to find the cause of a fault. This term is used a lot in computer systems.
Agoraphobia is a medical condition that causes anxiety. Sufferers are afraid of large open spaces, crowds, and new places. Many doctors believe that people with the condition are afraid of becoming anxious. Places that make them feel unsafe and increase their feelings of anxiety and panic. They may be afraid they might lose control and embarrass themselves. They worry that they may not be able to get away, or find help if they have a panic attack. The word "agoraphobia" means "fear of the market place". People with agoraphobia often believe that their home is the only safe place. Extreme sufferers may be unable to leave their homes for months or in some cases years.
Agoraphobia is sometimes treated successfully with medication and cognitive behavioral therapy, but some people never recover.
People with agoraphobia may show these signs and symptoms:
Russian Far East
The Russian Far East is a geographical term that describes the eastern section of Russia.
Although traditionally considered part of Siberia, the Russian Far East is categorized separately from Siberia which covers a smaller territory called the Siberian Federal District.
This was also true during the Soviet era when it was called the Soviet Far East.
The Russian Far East covers the territory of the Far Eastern Federal District.
Remington 700
Amur River
A civilian in time of war is a person who is not a member of a country's military and any other fighting group. This is what the word means under the laws of war. Civilians are the opposite of soldiers and combatants, who fight in wars.
Civilians are protected by international law from being harmed during war. The treatment of civilians during times of war is covered by the Fourth Geneva Convention. Prisoners are covered by the Third Convention. These are based on humanitarian doctrines (ethical beliefs) and that most countries follow them as law.
Civilians have the right to defend themselves. If they participate in other fighting, they are usually called partisans, and they can be tried for war crimes.
The modern use of the word also has problems:
Imperial Japanese Army
, also known as the IJA, was the army of Imperial Japan from 1871 to 1945.
The IJA was started after the Meiji Restoration and dissolved at the end of World War II.
Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan prohibits the use of aggressive force as a means for settling international disputes.
In order to defend Japan, if necessary, the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) was formed.
The ground-reach of JSDF is the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF).
Catastrophism
Catastrophism is the idea that Earth has been affected in the past by sudden, short-lived, violent events. Catastrophes, possibly worldwide in scope, came between long periods of quiet inactivity. This was called 'catastrophism' by William Whewell in 1837.
Catastrophes were thought to be the main cause of the changes seen in the record of the rocks and fossils. This record appeared to show that the Earth had suffered occasional gigantic upheavals in what was otherwise a quiet planet.
Supporting this view was the greatest comparative anatomist and palaeontologist of the early 19th century. He was Georges Cuvier, Director of the "Muséum national d'histoire naturelle" in Paris. Cuvier had shown that extinction of species had definitely taken place. His catastrophism was an explanation for the regular changes in species seen in the rock strata. He had no real explanation of why later species were different from earlier ones. He rejected the idea of evolution, but did not propose a religious solution.
James Hutton's "Theory of the Earth" (2 vols, 1795), followed lated by Charles Lyell's "Principles of Geology" (3 vols, 1830–33), painted a quite different picture.
This was uniformitarianism, also a word coined by Whewell. Hutton's basic idea was 'present-day processes also worked in the past'. The Earth's features had been shaped by same geological processes that could be observed in the present, acting gradually over an immense period of time.
Lyell developed these ideas, and presented a huge number of observations which could only be explained by gradual action. His book strongly influenced the young Charles Darwin, who took the first volume with him on the HMS "Beagle", and had the second volume sent ahead to Rio de Janeiro.
The age of the Earth is a factor in the debate. In the 19th century it was thought the Earth was perhaps 100 million years old. Now, we know it to be about 4,560 million years old. That is definitely long enough for slow processes to take effect.
As a result, for a long period from 1840 to 1980, virtually all geologists were uniformitarians, believing 'the present is the key to the past'.
Finally, it became clear that both slow processes and rapid disasters have played a part in Earth history.
A major reason for this is the realisation that asteroid impacts, and some other events, have influenced Earth history.
Walter and Luis Alvarez suggested in 1980 that a asteroid struck Earth 65 million years ago at the end of the Cretaceous period.
The impact wiped out about 70% of all species, including the dinosaurs, leaving evidence of the K/T extinction event. In 1990, a candidate crater marking the impact was identified at Chicxulub in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico.
The only debate now is whether the main extinction mechanism was the asteroid impact or widespread flood volcanism from the Deccan Traps (which occurred about the same time). Both mechanisms suggested are catastrophic in nature, though only the asteroid impact was sudden.
The observation of the Shoemaker-Levy 9 cometary collision with Jupiter illustrated that catastrophic events do occur as natural events.
Steve Harris
Steve Harris (born 12 March 1956) is a bassist, keyboardist, and founder of the British band Iron Maiden.
In 1975 Steve Harris quits his job and founded the heavy metal band Iron Maiden with guitarist Dave Murray. In 1980 Harris and Murrray recorded the first album of Iron Maiden, released 14 April 1980, completing the formation of Maiden was Paul Di'Anno - vocal, Dennis Stratton - guitar, Clive Burr - drums. The album had some success, and a very good job of Harris on bass. The second album Killers (1981), by Iron Maiden had better impactand the incorporation of guitarist Adrian Smith. In 1982, Iron Maiden vocalist change of the band joins Bruce Dickinson, with a more powerful voice, throw one of the best Maiden album The Number of the Beast, In 1983 Harris and Maiden drummer change and was elected Nicko McBrain. In 1990 Smith left the band and was replaced by guitarist Janick Gers. With the new Iron Maiden guitarist launches one of the best albums of his career Fear of the Dark (1992). In 1995 the band changes and enters vocalist Blaze Bayley in substitution of Dickinson. Bayley did not fulfill all expectations and leaving Maiden after recording two albums. In 2000, Bruce Dickinson and Adrian Smith returned to the band, with the news that Janick Gers would remain a member of Iron Maiden Maiden, since then Maiden has three guitarists. Steve Harris is considered one of the greatest bassists of all time, he co-wrote most of the hits of Iron Maiden, and was the only member of the band will have been in all its formations.
Robert James "Bob" Ritchie (better known as Kid Rock) (born January 17, 1971) is an American singer-songwriter, rapper, musician, record producer, and actor. He has made songs with parts of many different styles of music, including rap, heavy metal, and country.
Kid Rock grew up in Romeo, Michigan, which is near Detroit. He made his first album, "Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast", in 1990, but it did not have much success. He made several more records over the next few years, but they did not sell much either. However, by 1998, bands such as Korn and Limp Bizkit were becoming popular with music that had both rap and heavy metal. Because Kid Rock was making similar music, Atlantic Records, a big record label, signed Kid Rock to a contract. In 1998, his album "Devil Without A Cause" came out. Songs such as "Bawitdaba" and "Cowboy" came out, and Kid Rock was a star.
In 2000, Kid Rock released "The History of Rock", an album that mostly had old songs from before he became famous, along with two new songs. He released the album "Cocky" in 2001, "Kid Rock" in 2003, "Rock n Roll Jesus" in 2007, and "Born Free" in 2010.
Kid Rock is a supporter of people in the United States Military. He has performed several concerts for soldiers, and gave soldiers free copies of his album "Born Free".
In 2004, Kid Rock performed during the Super Bowl halftime show. Although the show was more controversial for an incident where one of Janet Jackson's breasts was seen on television, Kid Rock was criticized for playing while wearing an American flag.
Kid Rock has been mentioned as a possible candidate for the 2018 U.S. Senate election in Michigan. On July 12, 2017, he shared a photo of a "Kid Rock for US Senate" yard sign on Twitter. He later confirmed that he is in fact running for the Senate.
Amborellaceae
Amborellaceae is a family of flowering plants native to New Caledonia. The family contains only one species, "Amborella trichopoda". Botanists think it is the most basal plant in the angiosperm clade.
The Amborellaceae are distinctive. They are sprawling evergreen shrubs or small trees. Their tissue is different from any other Angiosperm. The xylem of "Amborella" contains only tracheids; vessel elements are absent. Xylem of this form has long been regarded as a "primitive" feature of flowering plants.
Castro is a Chilean city with 39.366 inhabitants (2002 census).
Castro was discovered by the Spanish conqueror Martín Ruiz de Gamboa on 1567
Castro is well known for its "palafitos", traditional wooden stilt houses that are common on the Chiloé Island. Some of them are preserved in the west of the town in a bay named "Fiordo de Castro".
In Gamboa, there is also an interesting wooden chapel.
Puerto Montt
Puerto Montt is a Chilean city with 175,847 inhabitants (2002 census).
The actual Puerto Montt was discovered by a thick forest man who founded the city as "Melipulli" on 1853.
Temuco
Temuco is a Chilean city with 245,347 inhabitants (2002 census).
The actual Temuco was founded by Manuel Recabarren naming the place like "Fuerte Recabarren"("Fort Recabarren") during the Occupation of the Araucania on 1881.
Talca
Talca is a Chilean city with 201.797 inhabitants (2002 census).
Talca was founded like "Villa San Agustín de Talca" by the Spanish José Antonio Manso de Velasco on 1881.
Rancagua
Rancagua is a Chilean city with 214,344 people living there according to 2002 census.
Rancagua was founded by the Spanish soldier José Antonio Manso de Velasco on 1743.
Coyhaique
Coyhaique is a Chilean city with 50.041 inhabitants (2002 census).
Coyhaique was founded like "Baquedano" on 1929.
Grackle
A grackle is a bird that lives around North and South America. They belong to the Icterid family.
Crystallography is the study of the arrangement of atoms in solids that are mostly in three dimensional pattern.
Before the development of X-ray crystallography, the study of crystals was based on their geometry. This involves measuring the angles of crystal faces, and establishing the symmetry of the crystal in question.
Crystal structure is now found by analysis of the diffraction patterns of a sample targeted by a beam of some type.
The technique was jointly invented by Sir William Bragg (1862–1942) and his son Sir Lawrence Bragg (1890–1971), who jointly won the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1915. Lawrence Bragg was the youngest to become a Nobel Laureate. He was the Director of the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, when the discovery of the structure of DNA was made by James D. Watson and Francis Crick in February 1953.
X-rays are most commonly used, but for some purposes electrons or neutrons are used. Because of the different forms of interaction, the three types of radiation are suitable for different crystallographic studies.
Some materials studied using crystallography, proteins for example, do not occur naturally as crystals. Such molecules are placed in solution and allowed to crystallize over days, weeks, or months.
Once a crystal is obtained, data can be collected using a beam of radiation. Although X-ray equipment is commonplace, crystallography often uses special synchrotron light sources to make X-rays. They produce purer and more complete patterns. Synchrotron sources also have a much higher intensity of X-ray beams, so data collection takes a fraction of the time normally necessary at weaker sources.
Producing an image from a diffraction pattern requires sophisticated mathematics.
The mathematical methods for the analysis of diffraction data only apply to "patterns," which in turn result only when waves diffract from orderly arrays. Hence crystallography applies for the most part only to crystals, or to molecules which can be got to crystallize.
In spite of this, a certain amount of molecular information can be deduced from the patterns that are generated by fibres and powders. For example, the double-helical structure of DNA was deduced from an X-ray diffraction pattern that had been got from a fibrous sample.
Electron crystallography is a method to determine the arrangement of atoms in solids using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The method was invented by Aaron Klug, who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this, and his studies on virus structures and transfer RNA, in 1982.
The first electron crystallographic protein structure to achieve atomic resolution was bacteriorhodopsin in 1990.
Crystallography is a tool that is often employed in materials science. The understanding of crystal structures is needed to understand crystallographic defects.
A number of other physical properties are linked to crystallography. For example, the minerals in clay form small, flat, platelike structures. Clay can be easily deformed because the platelike particles can slip along each other in the plane of the plates, yet remain strongly connected in the direction perpendicular to the plates. Such mechanisms can be studied by crystallographic texture measurements.
Crystallography includes the symmetry patterns which can be formed by atoms in a crystal.
X-ray crystallography was the primary method for determining the 3-D molecular structure of biological macromolecules. The most important of these are enzymes, and nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. In fact, the double helix structure of DNA was worked out from crystallographic data.
The first crystal structure of a macromolecule was solved in 1958 The Protein Data Bank (PDB) is a freely accessible repository for the structures of proteins and other biological macromolecules. Computer programs can be used to help visualize biological molecular structures.
X-ray crystallography has now given way to electron crystallography for macromolecules which do not form large 3-D crystals.
Tea Party movement
The Tea Party is an American populist political movement. Most people say it is conservative and libertarian.
The Tea Party:
The name "Tea Party" comes from the Boston Tea Party, a protest by colonists who objected to a British tax on tea in 1773. They demonstrated by dumping British tea taken from docked ships into the harbor. Some say that the "Tea" in "Tea Party" also stands for "Taxed Enough Already".
The Tea Party movement has caucuses (groups) in the House of Representatives and the Senate of the United States. Many of the members of the Tea Party caucus were first elected in the 2010 midterm elections. Some of them had never held any public office before.
The Tea Party movement has no central leadership but is composed of a loose linking of national and local groups that decide their own platforms and agendas. The Tea Party movement has been cited as an example of grassroots political activity, although it has also been cited as an example of .
The Tea Party's most famous national figures include Republican politicians such as Sarah Palin, Ron Paul, and Michele Bachmann. As of 2010, the Tea Party movement is not a national political party, but has endorsed Republican candidates.
A Gallup poll shows almost 80% of Tea Partiers say they are Republicans. Commentators, including Gallup Editor-in-Chief Frank Newport, have suggested that the movement is not a new political group but simply a rebranding of traditional Republican candidates and policies. An October 2010 "Washington Post" canvass of local Tea Party organizers found 87% saying "dissatisfaction with mainstream Republican Party leaders" was "an important factor in the support the group has received so far". Though many are opposed to GOP leadership, they are even more opposed to President Obama. Some members believe that President Obama was not born in the United States (despite a birth certificate showing he was born in Hawaii).
One of the main positions the Tea Party took was against the debt ceiling (the amount of money the U.S. is allowed to borrow). Many voted against any raising of the debt ceiling. Others demanded large spending cuts and a balanced budget amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
Maurice Wilkins
Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins CBE FRS (15 December 1916 – 5 October 2004) was a New Zealand-born English physicist and molecular biologist.
Wilkins was born in New Zealand to a family from Dublin. When he was six, he moved to Birmingham.
His research contributed to the understanding of phosphorescence, isotope separation, light microscopy and X-ray crystallography.
He worked on the development of radar during World War II, and was a member of the Manhattan Project.
He is best known for his work at King's College London on the structure of DNA.
In recognition of this work, he, Francis Crick and James Watson were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material". His obituary provides extensive information on the topics mentioned here.
Wilkins was the Assistant Director of the Biophysics Unit at Kings College, and responsible for work on the structure of DNA. Wilkins and a graduate student, Raymond Gosling, got the first X-ray diffraction photos of DNA in 1950. He introduced Francis Crick to the importance of DNA, and hired Rosalind Franklin on a three-year grant. Franklin made progress with the crystallography, and produced some better photographs of the structure.
In 1953 Watson visited King's, and Crick got sight of a progress report. This report included useful information from Franklin about features of DNA she had deduced from her X-ray diffraction data.
Watson and Crick published their proposed DNA double helix structure in a paper in the journal "Nature" in April 1953. In this paper Watson and Crick acknowledged that they had been "stimulated by... the unpublished results and ideas" of Wilkins and Franklin.
By this time Franklin was suffering from cancer of the ovary. She died in 1958, which explains why she was not included in the 1962 Nobel Prize. A controversy exists as to the relative contributions of her and Wilkins.
Adolf Eichmann
Otto Adolf Eichmann (19 March 1906 in Solingen - 31 May 1962 in Ramla) was a German SS officer (he had the rank of SS-Obersturmbannführer, comparable with lieutenant colonel).
Eichmann was an important person of Nazi Germany during the Third Reich. As head of a subdivision of the Reich Main Security Office ("Reichssicherheitshauptamt, Referat IV B4") he was the architect of The Holocaust who organized the death camps, like the Auschwitz concentration camp, that were used to kill 11 million people during World War 2.
After the war he escaped and in 1960 was discovered to be living in Argentina. The Israeli secret service, the Mossad, kidnapped him and took him back to Israel. Eichmann was put on trial for war crimes and crimes against humanity. He was found guilty on 11 December 1961, and executed by hanging in Ramla. His body was cremated in an unusually hot furnace, and the ashes were scattered in the sea. Eichmann is one of the few people to ever be executed by Israel.
The trial of Adolf Eichmann was broadcast on radio in Israel, and millions of people around the world watched it on television. This was the first time that victims of the Holocaust talked openly about what had happened. This was an event that helped bring together and unify the many people who had come to live in the new nation of Israel.
Phat Wilson
Gordon Allan "Phat" Wilson (December 29, 1895 – July 26, 1970) was a Canadian amateur ice hockey forward who won the Allan Cup three times as a member of the Port Arthur Bearcats. Seen as one of the top amateur players of his time, Wilson was added into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1963.
A native of Port Arthur, Ontario, Wilson did not even know how to skate when he joined the town's church league in 1914. Serving as a substitute, he improved his skating enough that he earned a full-time role on his team the following year and played two seasons of junior hockey before joining the Port Arthur War Veterans senior team at the age of 18.
Wilson moved to Iroquois Falls, Ontario, for a season to play in the Northern Ontario Hockey Association (NOHA) in 1921–22 before returning to Port Arthur a year later to play for the Port Arthur Bearcats. He was a top player in the NOHA, leading Port Arthur to an Allan Cup championship in 1925 as Canada's national senior champions. Wilson and the Bearcats repeated as champions the following year and won a third Allan Cup in 1929. Professional teams took note of his play; teams from Calgary, Edmonton and Toronto all offered him but he declined, preferring to remain in his hometown.
He was an outstanding offensive defenceman who won several scoring titles during his career. He retired as a player in 1932 at the age of 37 and took on the dual role of coach and manager of the Bearcats. In recognition of his career in Port Arthur, Wilson was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1962 and the Northwestern Ontario Sports Hall of Fame in its inaugural class of 1982.
In addition to hockey, Wilson played baseball and served as a volunteer and executive in both sports. He was named the first president of Port Arthur's little league when it was founded in 1952 and helped found the community's girls hockey league, serving also as a coach and referee.
Benny Woit
Benedict Francis Woit (born January 7, 1928 in Fort William, Ontario) was a National Hockey League defenceman of the 1950s.
Woit made his presence known as a junior while playing for the Port Arthur Flyers and Bruins of the TBJHL and the St. Mike's Majors of the OHA. He began playing for the Indianapolis Capitals of the AHL for the 1948–49 season. The Detroit Red Wings promoted him in 1951, and his defensive play would help them secure the Stanley Cup in 1952, 54, and 55. Woit was traded to Chicago Black Hawks following the 1954–55 season but never produced as he did with the Red Wings. He went on to play in the AHL and later the EHL, for the Clinton Comets as both a player and a successful head coach. In 334 NHL games Benny Woit recorded 7 goals and 26 assists for 33 points.
Murray Wing
Zwolle
There are three towns and villages with the name Zwolle:Bindi Irwin
Microsoft TechNet
Microsoft TechNet is a website owned by Microsoft, as source for information, news and events for IT professionals. There is also a paid magazine called "TechNet Magazine".
TechNet used to be restricted to paying customers. Now the website is free, with extra possibilities for paying customers.
Tom Araya
Tom Araya (born Tomás Enrique Araya June 6, 1961 in Viña del Mar, Chile) is an Chilean-American musician, best known as the bassist and vocalist of the American thrash metal band Slayer. Araya is ranked fifty-eighth by "Hit Parader" on their list of the 100 Greatest Metal Vocalists of All Time.
Araya was employed as a respiratory therapist in the early 1980s and used his earnings to finance Slayer's debut album "Show No Mercy". Much of Araya's lyrical content is about serial killers, a subject he finds interesting, first making his lyrical contribution to 1985's "Hell Awaits" with the track "At Dawn They Sleep".
Jakob Jantscher
Jakob Jantscher (8 January 1989 in Graz) is an Austrian footballer, he plays as midfielder for F.C. Red Bull Salzburg.
He started his career at SC Unterpremstätten und LUV Graz and than, at the age of 14, he moved to SK Sturm Graz. On October 20, 2007 he made his first match for the first squad versus F. C. Red Bull Salzburg. His first goal was against SC Altach on November 24, 2007. With SK Sturm he won the Austrian Cup in 2010. 2010 he went to F. C. Red Bull Salzburg. In the 2010/11 season he had 22 matches and shot 4 goals and gave one assist.
He played five times for the Austrian national team U 19 and U 20 and two times for U 21. His debut in the A- team was on June 6, 2009 in the qualifing match for Worldchampionship 2010 versus Serbia.His first goal was in a friendly match versus Spain, where he scored the only goal for Austria. (1 - 5)
Valery Leontiev
Valery Yakovlevich Leontiev (; born 19 March 1949 in Ust-Usa, Soviet Union) is a well-known Russian and formerly Soviet singer and actor.
Valery Leontiev began his career in Soviet times, and actively continues to this day. He has recorded more than 30 albums.
Andrew Neiderman
Andrew Neiderman (born 1940) is an American novelist. He became a "ghostwriter" for V. C. Andrews after she died. Her estate hired him to complete the "Casteel" series of books and continue her unfinished stories.
Andrew Neiderman is also the author of "The Devil's Advocate," which was made into a movie, and wrote the libretto for a live musical adaptation of "The Devil's Advocate". He is currently (as of 2011) developing a new script with revised music and lyrics.
He is the screenwriter of the movie based on the "Rain" series published as V. C. Andrews' novels. Six of Neiderman's own novels have been adapted into movies also.
As of January 2011, Andrew Neiderman has written 100 published novels, between the V. C. Andrews books and the books published with his name.
A ghostwriter is a professional writer whose published work is credited to another person. One famous ghostwriter is Andrew Neiderman. He was hired by the estate of V. C. Andrews, who died in 1986. Niederman completed the "Casteel" series of books and continues writing books credited to Andrews.
Ghostwriters are paid a fee to help write the autobiographies of celebrities, athletes and politicians. They also help write letters, song lyrics, magazine and news articles that get published under someone else's name.
Remember When (Alan Jackson song)
Dasypogonaceae
Dasypogonaceae is a botanical name of a family of flowering plants. Such a family has not been commonly recognized by taxonomists are the plants involved were usually included in the family Ashphodelaceae.
The family is native to Australia, and contains 16 species in four genera.
Classical liberalism
Classical liberalism is a type of liberalism. It is a belief in economics and a political ideology. It is about civil and economic freedom.
Classical liberals believe in a small government, and believe that people will be ruled mostly by natural law. They believe that people have inalienable rights, which is to say rights that cannot be taken away. They also believe in a free market and property rights.
Notable people who developed classical liberalism during the 18th and 19th century are Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus and Thomas Jefferson. More recently, in the mid-20th century, Ludwig von Mises, Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman were in favor. Many of the beliefs of classical liberalism are similar to those of libertarianism.
Safeway Inc.
Safeway, Inc. is the third-largest supermarket chain in North America. The company has around 198,000 employees worldwide. In some of the Safeway stores, they have fuel stations where they allow customers to use a phone number or club (loyalty) card to receive fuel savings. Safeway stores also have a Safeway ATM Network. The name ""Safeway"" came from a contest that was held in 1925 to develop a name for the store and Safeway was chosen. Safeway has stores in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, West Germany, Mexico, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are flashes of gamma rays from extremely energetic explosions. They have been seen in distant galaxies. They are the most luminous electromagnetic events known to occur in the universe.
Bursts can last from milliseconds to several minutes, although a typical burst lasts a few seconds. The initial burst is usually followed by a longer-lived 'afterglow' emitted at longer wavelengths (X-ray, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared and radio waves).
Most GRBs are a narrow beam of intense radiation released during a supernova, as a huge rapidly spinning star collapses to form a black hole. A subclass of GRBs (the 'short' bursts) seem to come from a different process, perhaps the merger of binary neutron stars.
The sources of most GRBs are billions of light years away from Earth. This suggests the explosions are extremely energetic: a typical burst releases as much energy in a few seconds as the Sun will in its entire 10 billion year lifetime. They are very rare (a few per galaxy per million years).
All observed GRBs have come from outside the Milky Way galaxy. Similar phenomena, soft gamma repeater flares, are associated with magnetars within the Milky Way. It has been suggested that a gamma-ray burst in the Milky Way could cause a mass extinction on Earth. No such case is known.
Gamma-ray bursts were first observed in the late 1960s by the U.S. Vela satellites, which were built to detect gamma radiation pulses emitted by nuclear weapons tested in space.
On July 2, 1967, at 14:19 UTC, the Vela 4 and Vela 3 satellites detected a flash of gamma radiation unlike any known nuclear weapons signature. Uncertain what had happened but not considering the matter particularly urgent, the team at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory filed the data away for investigation.
By analyzing the different arrival times of the bursts as detected by different satellites, the team was able to determine rough estimates for the sky positions of sixteen bursts and definitively rule out a terrestrial or solar origin. The discovery was published in 1973.
Most observed events last longer than two seconds and are classified as long gamma-ray bursts. They have been studied in much greater detail than their short counterparts. Almost every well-studied long gamma-ray burst has been associated with a rapidly star-forming galaxy and in many cases a core-collapse supernova as well. This links long GRBs with the deaths of massive stars. Long GRB afterglow observations at high redshift (great distances) also suggest GRBs originate in star-forming regions. This is because observing distant galaxies is to look back in time to galaxies at an earlier stage.
Gamma-ray bursts are thought to be highly focused explosions, with most of the explosion energy in a narrow relativistic jet travelling at speeds over 99.995% of the speed of light.
The approximate angular width of the jet (that is, the degree of beaming) can be estimated directly by observing "jet breaks" in afterglow light curves: a time after which the slowly-decaying afterglow begins to fade suddenly, as the jet slows down and can no longer beam its radiation so effectively. Observations suggest significant variation in the jet angle from between 2 and 20 degrees.
Because their energy is strongly beamed (very narrow), the gamma rays emitted by most bursts miss the Earth and are never detected. When a gamma-ray burst is pointed towards Earth, the focusing of its energy along a relatively narrow beam causes the burst to appear much brighter than it would have been were its energy emitted spherically. When this effect is taken into account, typical gamma-ray bursts are observed to have a true energy release of about 10 J, or about 1/2000 of a Solar mass energy equivalent.
This is comparable to the energy released in a bright type Ib/c supernova (sometimes called a 'hypernova'). Very bright supernovae have been seen at the position of some of the nearest GRBs.
Philosophy of religion
Philosophy of religion is a branch of philosophy. Religions, and religious beliefs can manifest themselves in different ways. Philosophy of religion looks into explaining certain answers to questions of religion using understanding. It is also looks into different ways religions are practiced and their importance for the everyday lives of the people practicing them. Other domains of it include criticism and analysis of religious texts using philosophy of language.
According to Winfried Löffler, philiosphers of religion can be grouped as follows. Many of the philosophers mentioned belong to more than one group:
Philosophy of religion also looks at more practical matters like defining the features that make up a religion. There are two main schools of thought. The one called Essentialist says that all religions have a common"essence". The following have been proposed: