AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Toni Michelle Braxton (born October 7, 1967 in Severn, Maryland) is an American R&B singer-songwriter, record producer, and actress. She is mostly known as Toni Braxton. Braxton has won seven Grammy Awards, seven American Music Awards, and five "Billboard Music Awards". She is famous for her husky alto vocal timbre. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) named Braxton as one of the top selling artists of all time. She has sold over 70 million records worldwide.
Braxton's first album "Toni Braxton" (1993) reached number one on the US "Billboard" 200 albums chart. "Toni Braxton" was certified 8x platinum by the RIAA. The album sold over 10 million worldwide. Her second album "Secrets" (1996) also reached number one on the "Billboard" 200 albums chart. Her two singles "You're Makin' Me High" and "Un-Break My Heart" reached number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100 songs chart. After this, Braxton filed for bankruptcy.
Her third album "The Heat" was released in 2000. The album did not reach number one unlike her previous albums. Her next album "More Than a Woman" (2002) reached the top ten on the "Billboard" 200 chart. Braxton named her album "More Than a Woman" in respect for American singer Aaliyah, who died in a plane crash the year before. Aaliyah's family had released a single with the same name after her death. Braxton released her fifth album "Libra" in 2005. The album's cover was listed as one of the "Sexiest Album Covers" by "Maxim" magazine. The album did better than her last album. "Libra" reached number four on the "Billboard" 200 albums chart. The song "Stupid", from "Libra" was one of the songs used by Tyler Perry for his movie "Diary of a Mad Black Woman" (2005).
Braxton left the music industry but returned in 2009. She released her sixth album "Pulse". It reached number one on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, but it was a top ten hit on the "Billboard" 200. Braxton was a contestant on the seventh season of the reality television show "Dancing with the Stars". She was voted off in the fifth week. On October 6, 2010, Braxton filed for bankruptcy again. A reality television series called "Braxton Family Values" aired on WE TV in 2011. The show is about the personal life of the Braxton family. There has been two complete seasons of the show. On September 18, 2011, Braxton was included in the Georgia Music Hall of Fame.
Joan Alexandra Molinsky (June 8, 1933 – September 4, 2014), known professionally as Joan Rivers, was an American comedian, talk show host, businesswoman, and celebrity. She was known for her tough manner and loud voice with a heavy New York accent. She was the National Chairwoman of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation and was a board member of God's Love We Deliver. She won an Emmy Award in 1990.
Rivers was born in Brooklyn, New York City. She was raised in Larchmore, New York. Rivers studied at Connecticut College and at Barnard College. Similar to how Phyllis Diller career began, Rivers' comedy act was mainly about bad things about herself.
A friend of Nancy and President Ronald Reagan, Rivers attended a state dinner in 1983, and later, at the invitation of Nancy, spoke at luncheon at the 1984 Republican National Convention.
She was married to James Sanger for a few months in 1955 before their marriage was annulled. She was married to Edgar Rosenberg from 1965 until his suicide in 1987. Rivers and Rosenberg had a daughter, Melissa Rivers.
On the morning of August 28, 2014, Rivers was rushed to the hospital after suffering from cardiac arrest during surgery on her throat in New York City. She was put on life support and was in a medically induced coma.
On September 4, 2014, Melissa announced that Rivers had died at the age of 81 from heart failure caused by respiratory and cardiac arrest.
Melissa Rivers
Teri Hatcher
Felicity Huffman
Felicity Huffman (born December 9, 1962) is an Academy Award-nominated and Emmy Award-winning American movie and television actress and convicted felon. She is well known for her role as Lynette Scavo, a busy mother on the ABC television show "Desperate Housewives". A year later, her role as a transwoman in the independent film "Transamerica" was praised by many critics and earned her a Golden Globe Award.
Huffman dated actor William H. Macy on and off for 15 years before they married on September 6, 1997. They have three children, Sophia, Georgia and James. She has appeared on television, in movies, and on stage many times with her husband; the couple each received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on March 7, 2012.
On March 12, 2019, Huffman was arrested in connection with an alleged nationwide college entrance exam cheating scandal, charged with conspiracy to commit mail fraud and honest services mail fraud, and released on $250,000 bail. She reported to prison and began her sentence on October 15, 2019. She was released from prison on October 25, 2019.
Marcia Cross
Marcia Anne Cross (born March 25, 1962 in Marlborough, Massachusetts) is an Emmy and Golden Globe Award-nominated American actress. She graduated from Juilliard and earned a master's degree in psychology at Antioch University in Los Angeles. In 2005, she was nominated for her first Emmy for her work as Bree Hodge, the "perfect" Housewife on "Desperate Housewives". In December 2006, Cross earned her third consecutive nomination for the Golden Globe for Best Actress in a Comedy Series with the series.
In June 2019, Cross revealed that she suffered from anal cancer, and was now in remission.
Eva Jacqueline Longoria (born March 15, 1975) is a Golden Globe Award-nominated American movie and television actress. She is best known for her role as Gabrielle Solis in the ABC television series "Desperate Housewives". She has also become an internationally recognized model after appearing in several high-profile advertising campaigns and numerous men's magazines.
Longoria announced her engagement to French NBA guard Tony Parker on November 30, 2006. Following French law, the couple married first in a civil ceremony on July 6, 2007 before they could exchange vows in a religious ceremony on July 7, 2007 at the Église Saint-Germain-l’Auxerrois in Paris. A reception was then held in Maincy, France at the Vaux-le-Vicomte castle. She got divorced in 2011. Longoria is a Democrat and attended the 2012 Democratic National Convention in support of President Obama's re-election.
Nicollette Sheridan
Nicollette Sheridan (born Colette Sheridan on 21 November 1963) is a Golden Globe nominated British actress. She was born in Worthing, Sussex. She acts primarily on soap operas, movies and television. She is best known for her roles as Paige Matheson on "Knots Landing" and as the promiscuous Edie Britt on "Desperate Housewives".
Contiki is a small, open source free operating system. It was developed to be used in 8-bit computers and embedded systems. It has a Graphical User Interface and the full installation needs about 30 kilobytes of RAM.
The basic kernel and most of the core functions were developed by Adam Dunkels at the Networked Embedded Systems group at the Swedish Institute of Computer Science.
A full installation of Contiki includes the following features:
More applications planned include:
The Contiki operating system has been or is being ported to the following systems:
<nowiki>*</nowiki> cc65 based development
Princess Madeleine of Sweden
Princess Madeleine of Sweden, Duchess of Hälsingland and Gästrikland, (Madeleine Thérèse Amélie Joséphine; born on 10 June 1982 in Drottningholm, Sweden), is a Swedish princess. She is the youngest child and second daughter of King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia of Sweden. Madeleine is seventh in line to the Swedish throne.
Princess Madeleine is married to British financier Christopher O'Neill. The couple has three children, Princess Leonore, Prince Nicolas, and Princess Adrienne.
Princess Madeleine was born on 10 June 1982 at 19.05 Central European Time in the Drottningholm Palace in Drottningholm, Sweden. Her fourth name, "Josephine", honours her ancestor Josephine of Leuchtenberg.
Forbes Magazine ranked Madeleine at 12th place on its "20 Hottest Young Royals" list in 2008.
Queen Silvia of Sweden
Queen Silvia of Sweden (born Silvia Renate Sommerlath) (born 23 December 1943) and of half German, half Brazilian descent is the Queen consort of King Carl XVI Gustaf, Sweden's monarch, and the mother of the heir apparent to the throne, Crown Princess Victoria. Their other two children are
She is styled "Her Majesty The Queen" and is in Sweden most often referred to as "Queen Silvia".
She also make efforts for charitable organizations, human rights and sign language and opposes child sexual abuse and child pornography.
Princess Victoria of Sweden
Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden, Duchess of Västergötland (full name in Swedish: Victoria Ingrid Alice Désirée, born 14 July 1977) is the heiress apparent to the throne of Sweden.
Victoria was born on 14 July 1977 at Karolinska University Hospital in Solna. She is eldest child and elder daughter of Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia of Sweden. Victoria has two younger siblings, Prince Carl Philip and Princess Madeleine.
Victoria married her former personal trainer, Daniel Westling, on 19 June 2010. They have two children:
Prince Carl Philip of Sweden
Prince Carl Philip of Sweden (Carl Philip Edmund Bertil, born May 13, 1979), Duke of Värmland is a Swedish prince. He is the second child of three children and only son of King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia of Sweden.
He was born Crown Prince of Sweden, because Sweden did not allow women to rule as Queen Regnant. On January 1, 1980 the Act of Succession was changed to introduce "fully cognate succession". Since then, Carl Philip has been second in the line of succession, after his elder sister, Crown Princess Victoria.
However, because the UK still has male primogeniture (brothers inherit before sisters), Carl Philip is ahead of his elder sister in the line of succession to the British throne.
Carl Philip was christened at The Royal Palace Church on August 31, 1979. His godparents are Prince Bertil, Duke of Halland, Prince Leopold of Bavaria, Queen Margrethe II of Denmark, and Princess Birgitta of Sweden.
He married Sofia Hellqvist on 13 June 2015. On 19 April 2016 their first child, Prince Alexander was born.
Hermeskeil
Hermeskeil is a town in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
About 5,000 people live there.
Reinsfeld
Reinsfeld is a village in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
About 2,000 people live there.
Hunsrück
The Hunsrück is a low mountain range in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
It is bounded by the river valleys of the Moselle (north), the Nahe (south), and the Rhine (east). The Hunsrück is continued by the Taunus mountains on the eastern side of the Rhine. In the north behind the Moselle it is continued by the Eifel. To the south of the Nahe, there is the Palatinate.
Many of the hills are not higher than 400 m. But there are several chains of higher peaks within the Hunsrück, all bearing names on their own: the (Schwarzwälder) Hochwald, the Idarwald, the Soonwald, and the Binger Wald. The highest peak is the Erbeskopf (816 m).
Towns in the Hunsrück include Simmern, Kirchberg, and Idar-Oberstein, Kastellaun, and Morbach. Frankfurt-Hahn Airport, a growing low-fare carrier and cargo airport is there as well.
The climate in the Hunsrück is characterised by rainy weather. Slate is mined in the mountains.
The German TV drama trilogy "Heimat", directed by Edgar Reitz, examined the 20th-century life of a small fictional village in the Hunsrück.
The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, a very large satellite that people can live in for several months at a time. It was put together in Low Earth orbit up until 2011, but other bits have been added since then. The last part, a Bigelow module was added in 2016. The station is a joint project among several countries: the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada. Other nations such as Brazil, Italy, and China also work with the ISS through cooperation with other countries.
Building the ISS began in 1998, when Russian and American space modules were joined together.
In the early 1980s, NASA planned Space Station Freedom as a counterpart to the Soviet Salyut and Mir space stations. It never left the drawing board and, with the end of the Soviet Union and the Cold War, it was cancelled. The end of the Space Race prompted the U.S. administration officials to start negotiations with international partners Europe, Russia, Japan and Canada in the early 1990s in order to build a truly international space station. This project was first announced in 1993 and was called Space Station Alpha. It was planned to combine the proposed space stations of all participating space agencies: NASA's Space Station Freedom, Russia's Mir-2 (the successor to the Mir Space Station, the core of which is now Zvezda) and ESA's Columbus that was planned to be a stand-alone spacelab.
The ISS components was manufactured in various factories all over the world, and were all shipped into the Space Station Processing Facility at Kennedy Space Center for last stages of manufacturing, machine assembly and launch processing. The components are made from stainless steel, titanium, aluminum and copper.
The assembly of the International Space Station is a great event in space architecture. Russian modules launched and docked by their rockets. All other pieces were delivered by the Space Shuttle. , they had added 159 components during more than 1,000 hours of EVA. Many of the modules that launched on the Space Shuttle were tested on the ground at the Space Station Processing Facility to find and correct problems before launch.
The first section, the Zarya Functional Cargo Block, was put in orbit in November 1998 on a Russian Proton rocket. Two further pieces (the Unity Module and Zvezda service module) were added before the first crew, Expedition 1, was sent. Expedition 1 docked to the ISS on 1 November 2000, and consisted of U.S. astronaut William Shepherd and two Russian cosmonauts, Yuri Gidzenko and Sergey Krikalev.
People living in the space station have to get used to all kinds of changes from life on Earth. It takes them only 90 minutes to orbit (go around) the earth, so the sun looks as if it is rising and setting 16 times a day. This can be confusing, especially when one is trying to decide when they should go to bed. The astronauts try to keep a 24-hour-schedule anyway. At bedtime, they have to sleep in sleeping bags that are stuck to the wall. They have to strap themselves inside so they will not float away while sleeping.
In orbit there is no G-Force (this is called free fall or "zero gravity"). To help prepare astronauts experience zero gravity, NASA trainers put the astronauts in water. Because water makes one float, this is a little like experiencing no gravity. However, in water they can push against the water and move around. In zero gravity, there is nothing to push against, so they just float in the air. Another way of training is going in a plane and making the plane fall to earth very quickly. This lets people experience zero gravity for a very short time. This training can make people quite sick at first.
In zero gravity, the astronauts do not use their legs very much, so they need to get lots of exercise to keep them from becoming too weak. Without gravity, astronauts can get big upper bodies and skinny legs. This is called chicken-leg syndrome. Astronauts must exercise hard, every day, to remain healthy.
Eating in space style is difficult. Water and other liquids do not flow down in space, so if any were spilled in the space station, it would float around everywhere. Liquids can ruin electronic equipment, so astronauts have to be very careful in space. They drink by sucking water out of a bag, or from a tube stuck to the wall. They cannot put their food on plates because it would just float right off, so they put it in pouches and eat from the pouches. The food they eat is usually dried, because any crumbs can ruin the equipment.Sometimes fresh fruits and vegetables are sent up to the astronauts, but it is very expensive and hard to send it, so they have to bring plenty of food with them.
In space, the "bathroom" should probably be called the "restroom" instead, because one really can not take baths there. Instead, astronauts use squirt guns to take a shower. One person squirts himself with a gun while other people stand outside with a water vacuum to get rid of all the water that floats out of the shower. This is quite hard, so astronauts usually just take a "sponge bath" with a wet cloth.Toilets can be another problem. Toilets are supposed to use gravity to work. When one flushes a toilet, gravity makes the water go down. Since the astronauts on the ISS do not feel any gravity, the toilet must be attached to the astronauts and gently suck away all their waste.
Kentwood, Louisiana
Kentwood is a small town in Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana near the Mississippi border. The population was 2,205 at the 2000 census. It is best known as the hometown of singer Britney Spears
I'm with You
I'm with You is one of Avril Lavigne's most popular songs. She played it at her wedding. The song was released in 2002 (North America) and 2003 (UK). It is on her first album, "Let Go". The song was the top rated song in Mexico as well as reaching a rank in the top five in the United States, Ireland, and Italy. It also reached #7 in the UK. The song was a part of the soundtrack for the movie "Bruce Almighty".
These are the formats and track listings of major single-releases of "I'm with You".
A somersault is an acrobatic move where a person moves the feet over the head whilst in mid-air. The somersault can be done forwards, backwards, or sideways and is similar to a "flip" (or, if performed backwards, a "backflip").
A backwards somersault while still moving forward is called a "Gainer"
The word comes from the old French word "sombresault", which is no longer used.
Lisa Donovan
Augite
Augite is a mineral. The mineral's name comes from the Greek word "augites", meaning "brightness". However, augites only look shiny some of the time. Most augites have a dull (dark green, brown or black) color.
Augite is a pyroxene.
An onyx is a type of rock mineral.
An amethyst is a mineral gemstone that comes from quartz. It is usually transparent. It is valued because of its violet colour. Even though it is a form of quartz, it has more iron oxide (FeO) than any other kind of quartz. Because of this, some experts think that its colour comes from the iron in it. Heating the amethyst either takes away its colour or changes it to a yellow hue. Amethysts are found in Brazil, Uruguay, Canada (Ontario) and America (North Carolina). The rock amethyst is the birthstone of the month February. In the Mohs scale, it has a hardness of seven.
Many people believe amethysts protect one from poison, evil, and getting drunk. This is where the name of this rock came from, The Greek word "amethustos", means "without being drunken". Also they are thought to be good for hearing, recovering from headaches, good dreams, and more. Some Catholic popes also wear a rosary of amethyst around their necks. Some Roman women thought gems could keep their husbands faithful to them.
Amethysts are also worn because people think it makes them look gentle. The “powers” of an amethyst also include healing, peace, love, more spirituality, courage, protection from robbers, and happiness.
In the Book of Revelations the amethyst was one of the twelve foundation stones of .
There are many stories and myths about amethysts. One of them tells how amethysts were supposedly created. According to the story, Bacchus, the Roman god of wine and partying, was angry because of something against him and wanted to get revenge. He ordered that the first person who was mortal to come across his path would be eaten by tigers. Just at that moment a beautiful maiden named Amethyst came, on her way to worship the goddess Diana. Diana saw what was going to happen and she quickly made Amethyst into a stone to save her from the tigers. When Bacchus saw this, he repented and poured wine over the stone, making its color purple.
The amethyst is worn and used for fashion in a number of different ways. It is polished and shaped for rings, earrings, and cufflinks. It may be also used for brooches, sometimes being carved into a cluster of grapes. People like the way amethysts look, especially when they are put in gold and diamonds.
The amethyst is worn by royalty and nobility. This is because its royal color was purple. When it was found in the Minoan period in Greece (c. 2500 B.C.), it was polished and shaped into cabochons (dome-shaped stones). Then, it was set in gold. During the 15th century, the French "fleur-de-lis" brooch could only be worn by the Royal family on special times. The fleur-de-lis design on it is put in with sapphires and amethysts.
An emerald is a mineral gemstone and a variety of beryl. It is the birthstone of someone whose birthday is in the month of May. It is a green crystal. The emerald is one of the most valuable gems, along with the ruby, the opal, topaz, the diamond, and a sapphire.
The word "emerald" comes from Vulgar Latin. The word was Esmaralda/Esmaraldus, a different way of saying the Latin word "Smaragdus", which came from the Greek, ("smaragdos"; "green gem"). It first came from a Semitic word, "izmargad" (). This meant "emerald" or "green". The name could also be related to the Semitic word baraq (בָּרָק ;البُراق; "lightning" or "shine") (c.f. "bareqeth" and , "barq", "lightning"). It is where the Persian ( "zomorrod"), Turkish (), Sanskrit ( "maragdam") and Russian (; "izumrúd") words came from.
Ralph Macchio
Ralph Macchio (born November 4, 1961 in Huntington, New York) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles in "My Cousin Vinny, The Karate Kid", "The Karate Kid II", and "The Karate Kid III". He was also in the movie "The Outsiders" as Johnny.
French Armenian Legion
Vahan Kurkjian
Vahan M. Kurkjian (Aleppo, 1863 - New York City, 1961) was an Armenian writer, historian, teacher, and community leader.
North India
Northern India, also known as Hindustan, is a land and cultural region of India. In traditional Indian geography, India is pieced into five major zones: North India, North-east India, East India, West India and South India.
As a linguistic-cultural and political region, North India consists of six Indian states: Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan also The National Capital Territory of Delhi is also a part of northern India. It shares some of its cultural, historical, musical, and linguistic heritage with neighboring Pakistan and Jammu and Kashmir, which was part of British India empire prior to the 1947 Independence. The North Indian Plain is a large part of it.
The Yalta Conference (sometimes called the Crimea Conference) was held from 4 to 11 February 1945, a few months before the Second World War ended in Europe. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (Winston Churchill), the President of the United States (Franklin D. Roosevelt) and the dictator of the USSR (Joseph Stalin) all met in Crimea and talked about what to do with Germany. The Yalta Conference was an important part of European History.
The allies agreed that :
Potsdam Conference
The Potsdam Conference was a meeting of the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States in Potsdam, Germany from July 17 to August 2, 1945. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (Clement Attlee), the President of the United States (Harry S. Truman) and the leader of the USSR (Joseph Stalin) met to talk about Germany on July 1945 and were going to discuss what should happen to it now that the Second World War was over.
The first conference was held at Yalta, but the allies did not agree on anything very important. However, a lot had happened since the Yalta Conference. Firstly, the USA had a new president named Harry Truman. He was much tougher on Communism than the previous president, Roosevelt, had been. This was a problem for Stalin. Also, Churchill had been voted out and was replaced by Clement Attlee. Stalin saw himself as far more experienced than these new leaders. Stalin also caused trouble, as some of what the allies agreed on at Yalta was that Poland should have a neutral government. Stalin had killed the neutral government leaders and replaced them with ones that would listen to him. This meant that there were a lot of problems at Potsdam.
The allies talked about and agreed that:
The allies talked about but did not agree on:
Nahe
The Nahe is a river in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, a left tributary to the Rhine. It is also a famous wine region of Germany.
The name Nahe comes from the Latin word "Nava", which is of Celtic origin and means "the wild river". The Nahe separates the northern part of the Palatinate from the Hunsrück.
It rises in the area of Nohfelden (Saarland), flowing through Rhineland-Palatinate and joining the Rhine river in Bingen. Its length is . Towns along the Nahe include Idar-Oberstein, Kirn, Bad Kreuznach and Bingen.
Palatinate (region)
The Palatinate ("germ.:"Pfalz), historically also Rhenish Palatinate ("lat.:" palatinatum Renensis; "germ.:" Rheinpfalz), is a region in south-western Germany. It occupies more than a quarter of the German federal state ("Bundesland") of Rhineland-Palatinate ("Rheinland-Pfalz").
The western and northern part of the Palatinate is densely forested and mountainous. The highest point is the Donnersberg () near Kirchheimbolanden. The Palatinate forest ("Pfälzerwald") covers more than a third of the region and is the largest uninterrupted forest in Germany. The eastern part is lower, and is a well known wine region, the Palatinate wine region through which passes the "German wine road" (Deutsche Weinstrasse). Most of the cities of the Palatinate (Ludwigshafen, Speyer, Landau, Frankenthal, Neustadt) lie in the Rhineplain in the east.
Traditionally, the Palatinate is divided into the regions of Anterior Palatinate ("Vorderpfalz"), West Palatinate ("Westpfalz"), North Palatinate ("Nordpfalz"), and South Palatinate ("Südpfalz").
Administratively, the following districts and independent cities are part of the Palatinate:
Independent cities:
Districts:
Taunus
The Taunus is a mountain range in Hesse, Germany. It is bounded by the river valleys of Rhine, Main and Lahn. On the opposite side of the Rhine, the mountains are continued by the Hunsrück. The mountains themselves span the districts of Hochtaunuskreis, Main-Taunus, Rheingau-Taunus, and Rhein-Lahn.
Not to be confused with the more famous and high Feldberg in Black Forest, the highest peak is the "Großer Feldberg" (878 m above sea level). It is followed by the "Kleiner Feldberg" and the "Altkönig" (798 m) with the remains of a late Iron Age hill fort (La-Tène A, ca. 400 BC) near the summit.
The Roman Limes was built across the Taunus. The Saalburg, a restored Roman castellum, now houses a museum. After the fall of the Limes (in 259/260 AD), the Alamanni settled here.
Antonov An-225
The Antonov An-225 "Mriya" is a Ukrainian cargo aircraft and the largest airplane in the world. It has 6 engines. It was manufactured by a company called Antonov. Three of them were built to carry the Soviet Space Shuttle "Buran". Since the shuttle was never finished, the planes have been used to carry very large items that cannot be transported another way.
Edmund Burke (12 January 1729-9 July 1797) was an important Irish politician, and writer. He became a member of the British Parliament with the Whigs in 1765.
Burke supported the American Revolution. He opposed the French Revolution for killing Catholics and other dissenters. His most famous book was "Reflections on the Revolution in France", which created many of the ideas in conservatism.
Muslim occasions
Muslim occasions mainly celebrate events of the life of the Muslim prophet, Muhammad.
Eid ul-Fitr begins the day after Ramadan is over and lasts three days. As soon as the Sun sets from the last day of Ramadan, Eid ul-Fitr starts and the Muslims feast. Muslims also say a special prayer called the Eid prayer and food and drink are passed around in Mosques.
Eid Al-Adha means "The Feast of Sacrifice" and is to celebrate when a prophet called Abraham had to sacrifice his son to show that he was loyal to God. At the last moment, God said to Abraham that this was simply a test, and he did not have to sacrifice his son to Him. Muslims in this holiday sacrifice a goat or cow in His honour to show their gratitude for God saving Abraham's son's life.
The meat of the sacrificed animal is split up into three portions. One for the man who sacrificed the animal, one for the man's poor relatives and one for poor people in general, whatever their race or religion is.
Muslims believe that on any Friday, at the end of the week, a good deed is worth more than if you did that same good deed on a different day. Muslims go to the Mosque to pray on that day, for they believe that it was on this day that Adam was created. They reject the idea that God rested after creating the world ("And on the seventh day, God rested", Genesis 2:2) and so this day should not be related to a Sabbath.
Ashura in Arabic means ten and is celebrated on the ninth and tenth day of Muharram. Muslims can choose to fast on this day (see fasting above).
This is also the day when Muhammad's grandson, called Husayn ibn Ali, was killed.
Mawlid an-Nabi means "The Birth of the Prophet" in Arabic, and celebrated the Prophet Muhammad's birthday on the twelfth day of the month of Rabi Al-Awwal. Poetry and prayer to both God and Muhammed are chanted on this day.
Laylat ul Isra and Miraj means "The Night of Power and Ascension". It is when Muhammad was taken to "the farthest Mosque" (it was in Jerusalem) and was taken to see God. It was here that Muhammad and God talked about how many prayers should be said a day. God said there should be fifty prayers a day, but Moses and Muhammad asked for less, since fifty was hard to do every day. Eventually, fifty was lowered to five prayers a day. If the prayers were done well, they were worth fifty prayers.
Laylat al-Qadr means "The night of Power" in Arabic and is celebrated near the end of Ramadan. It is a sacred and important holiday since it is when the Qur'an was first shown to the population.
Laylat ul Bara'ah means "The Night of Freedom from Fire" and is celebrated on the 14th and 15th of the month of Sha'ban. Here, Muslims pray and read the Qur'an all night.
Jumu'ah-tul-Wida is just before Eid ul-Fitr at the end of Ramadan and Muslims say special prayers.
Eid al-Ghadeer is celebrated by Shi'a Muslims and is when Muhammad gave his last sermon at Ghadir Khumm during the month of Dhul-Hijjah.
It is also to celebrate Ali ibn Abi Talib taking over from Muhammad when Muhammad died.
The first day of Muharram is the new year for Islam. It is not an official Islamic event but most Muslims have a ritual or celebration of some kind for it this is one of their favourite holidays
Some mosques are organizing “Open mosque days” with special program, Muslim culture, video show, discussion and finger foods for the visitors. In many western cities this is becoming a cultural social event.
Ramadan is celebrated in the month of Ramadan (the 9th month in the Islam calendar). Prayers are chanted all day and Muslims are forbidden to eat or drink after the sun has risen. When the sun goes down in the evenings they are allowed to eat and drink again. This is called fasting and breakfast comes from this word (break-fast or breaking your fast). This holiday is to teach Muslims patience.
The month of Ramadan changes every year because the Muslims follow the lunar calendar rather than the Christians' solar calendar.
Hajj is the annual pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia. It is currently the largest annual pilgrimage in the world, and is the fifth pillar of Islam. A religious duty that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by every able-bodied Muslim who can afford to do so. The Hajj is a demonstration of the solidarity of the Muslim people, and their submission to Allah.
Umrah is a pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, performed by Muslims that can be undertaken at any time of the year. In Arabic Umrah means “to visit a populated place”. It is sometimes called the 'minor pilgrimage' or 'lesser pilgrimage', the Hajj being the 'major' pilgrimage and which is compulsory for every able-bodied Muslim who can afford it. The Umrah is not compulsory but highly recommended.
Here is an example calendar taken from the Islamic lunar calendar and put into a solar calendar. In this case it is from 2000 to 2001 in years of the Christian era.
Certain events (such as Ramadan) happen at different times each year.
Guys and Dolls
Guys and Dolls is a 1950 Broadway musical. The music and lyrics were written by Frank Loesser, and the speaking parts were written by Jo Swerling and Abe Burrows. The story of "Guys and Dolls" is based on short stories written by Damon Runyon. It won the Tony Award for Best Musical.
Nathan Detroit, a gambler in 1920's New York City, needs a place to hold his illegal dice game where he will not be caught by the police. He finds a place, but the person who owns it wants one thousand dollars to rent it for the night. Nathan thinks he is out of luck, until he hears that the famous gambler Sky Masterson is in town. He bets Sky one thousand dollars that he cannot get Sarah Brown, a missionary, to go to Havana, Cuba with him. Because Sarah is very religious and moralistic, Nathan thinks she will never agree to go with him.
Nathan has another problem. He has been engaged to a woman named Adelaide for fourteen years, but they still are not married. Adelaide is so frustrated with him that she comes down with a cold. She tells him that if he does not marry her, she will leave him. Nathan promises to marry her, but then realizes that the night he said he would meet her is the same night as the dice game. He does not marry her, and Adelaide is extremely angry with him. She tells him she never wants to see him again.
Meanwhile, Sarah's mission is about to be closed down unless she can have it filled for a midnight prayer meeting later that week. Sky hears about this and makes a deal with her. If she goes to Havana with him, he will persuade the men he knows to go to the prayer meeting. Because Sarah is desperate, she accepts his offer. At first Sky is only taking her to Havana to win the bet, and Sarah is only going with him to save her mission, but while they are in Havana they fall in love. As Sky is saying goodbye to her, Nathan and the other gamblers run out of the mission, where they had been holding the dice game. Sarah thinks he only took her to Havana to get her away from the mission so Nathan could have the game there, and she is very angry with him.
Sky is still in love with Sarah, so he decides to keep his part of the deal. He makes a bet with all the gamblers. If he loses, he will give each of the gamblers a thousand dollars. If he wins, they will have to go to the prayer meeting. Sky wins the bet, and Sarah's mission is saved. Sarah realizes that he really does care about her.
Later, Sarah meets Adelaide. They talk about Nathan and Sky and realize that they are both in love. Sarah decides to marry Sky, and Adelaide decides to marry Nathan.
Ichiro Mizuki
, real name (born January 7, 1948 in Tokyo), is a Japanese singer, composer, voice actor and actor. He is best known for his anime and tokusatsu such as Mazinger Z, Great Mazinger, Kamen Rider and Metal Hero series.
Ichiro Mizuki began his solo career in 1968, although his first single "Kimi ni sasageru Boku no Uta" was released as this song was composed by Kanae Wada. Later, he starts to sing his theme song during the 1970s. His first anime song called Genshi Shounen Ryuu was released in 1971 as the opening theme from the animated television series Genshi Shounen Ryuu. Then he released many other anime and tokusatsu songs from Super Robot, Science Fiction, Sports, Kamen Rider, Metal Hero and Super Sentai series. Ichiro Mizuki has been sang more than 1000 songs since his anison debut.
From August 30 to August 31, 1999, he held a 1000-song concert in duration of 24 hours. Also the success of his 1000-song concert has become a legend in Japan.
On July 19, 2000, he joined as a part-time member of the supergroup JAM Project with other members - Hironobu Kageyama, Masaaki Endoh, Eizo Sakamoto, and Rica Matsumoto.
Meanwhile, Ichiro Mizuki has also act the tokusatsu TV series such as Jikuu Senshi Spielvan, Voicelugger and also the voice actor for anime such as Koraru no Tanken and Dangaioh (OVA).
Saalburg
The Saalburg is a Roman fortification in the Taunus mountains in Germany and was a stronghold in the Upper Germanic Limes.
It was constructed about 90 CE and enlarged until about 210. Then the Romans left it after 260. It is estimated that it was home to a "cohors equitata", about 500 cavalry and infantry, to protect the access to the Rhine-Main valley from the Germanic tribes in the North. Eventually it decayed, and its stones were used as a quarry.
In 1897 Wilhelm II ordered that it was rebuilt. Today the Saalburg houses a museum and is a center for Roman archeology. It is located between Bad Homburg and Wehrheim, some 30 km north of Frankfurt am Main.
As part of the Upper Germanic Limes the Saalburg belongs to the UNESCO World Heritage sites since 15. July 2005.
Kesha Wizzart
Kesha Wizzart (22 October 1988 – 12 July 2007) was an English singer. She was a contestant on the television programme "Stars In Their Eyes". She was born in Manchester.
Wizzart was murdered on 12 July 2007, along with her mother Beverley and brother Fred. It happened in their home in Manchester. The investigators found injuries to their heads. The next day, a search for the suspect Pierre Williams was started. He was arrested on 14 July, convicted and received three life sentences.
Names for small numbers
Naming very small numbers is the same as naming very big numbers, but with one important difference. There is a minus sign over what the 10 in the formula is raised to. So if one wanted to write 0.007 in shorthand form, they would write it 7 x 10 since 7 is the third digit after the decimal point (the zero in front of the decimal point does not count). Naming a very small number with lots of different numbers inside it is the same as doing it with a very big number, but again with that one difference of the minus sign. So 0.0000452 would become 4.52 x 10 (0.0000452 --> 4.52 x 0.00001 --> 4.52 x 10).
Military of ancient Rome
The Military of ancient Rome (known to the Romans as the militia) means all military forces of Ancient Rome from the founding of the city of Rome to the end of the Western Roman Empire. Originally there was only the Roman army, but a small navy was added during the Second Samnite War, around 320 BC.
The Roman military was an important part of the Roman state. Josephus describes the Roman people as "as if born ready armed". It has a history of more than 1300 years. Roman armies fought in Parthia as well as in Africa, and in - what was in that time the far north - the British Isles.
After a series of reforms, the army became highly trained, and was well equipped in the middle of the Roman Imperial period. The Romans also had a powerful navy that ruled the Mediterranean and the European Atlantic coast. In the late Imperial period the military's numbers were significantly increased to cover the borders and keep internal peace. The circumstances of the Empire had changed; the Western Roman Empire now relied heavily on units of mostly Germanic tribes living within the borders, who fought in the name of Rome during the Migration Period.
Roman legion
A Roman legion was the basic military unit of the ancient Roman army in the period of the late Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. It was roughly equivalent to the modern word division. In the plural, "the legions", it may mean the entire Roman army.
A legion was about 5,000 men in several cohorts of heavy infantry (legionaries). It was usually accompanied by attached units of auxiliaries, who were not Roman citizens. They provided cavalry, ranged troops and skirmishers to complement the legion's heavy infantry.
The size of a typical legion varied during the history of ancient Rome. It had a complement of 4,200 legionaries in the republican period of Rome. In the imperial period, the full complement was 5,500 men split into 10 cohorts of 480 men each. The first cohort was at double strength with 800 men. The remaining 220 were 120 cavalry plus technical staff.
Rome did not have a standing army until the reforms of Gaius Marius about 107 BC. Legions instead were created, used, and disbanded again. In the time of the early Roman Empire, there were usually about 25–35 standing legions plus their auxiliaries, with more raised as needed.
The development of the early legion may be seen as a Roman version of the Greek phalanx formation. Until the 4th century BC the massive Greek phalanx was the mode of battle. Roman soldiers would have thus looked much like Greek "hoplites". Tactics were no different from those of the early Greeks and battles were joined on a plain. Spearmen would deploy themselves in tightly packed rows to form a shield wall with their spears pointing forwards.
There were now three lines of soldiers when in battle formation. Roman soldiers had to purchase their own equipment.
In the middle of the Republic, legions were composed of the following units:
Each of these three lines was subdivided into maniples, each consisting of two centuries of 60 men commanded by the senior of the two centurions. Centuries were normally 60 soldiers each at this time in the hastati and principes (no longer 100 men). The mid Republican legion had a nominal strength of about 4500 men.
Later on the legions were made up of 80 strong centuries. Each century had its standard and was made up of ten units of eight soldiers who shared a tent, millstone, a mule and cooking pot (depending on duration of tour).
Throughout Rome's Late Republic, the legions played an important political role. By the 1st century BC the threat of the legions under a demagogue was recognized. Roman Governors were not allowed to leave their provinces with their legions. When Julius Caesar broke this rule, leaving his province of Gaul and crossing the Rubicon into Italy, he precipitated a constitutional crisis. This crisis and the civil wars which followed brought an end to the Republic and led to the foundation of the Empire under Augustus in 27 BC.
With each legion having 5,120 legionaries plus an equal number of auxiliary troops, the total force available to a legion commander during the Pax Romana probably ranged from
11,000 downwards. The more prestigious legions were stationed on hostile borders or in restive provinces tending to have more auxiliaries. Some legions may have been reinforced with units making the force near 15,000–16,000 or about the size of a modern division.
The legion was commanded by a "legate". Aged about thirty, he would usually be a senator on a three year appointment. Immediately subordinate to the legate would be six appointed "military tribunes". Five would be staff officers and the remaining one would be a noble heading for the Senate — originally this tribune commanded the legion. There would also be a group of officers for the medical staff, the engineers, record-keepers, the "praefectus castrorum" (commander of the camp) and other specialists such as priests and musicians.
Despite a number of reforms, the legionary system survived the fall of the Western Roman Empire, and was continued in the Eastern Roman Empire until around 7th century. The Eastern Roman/Byzantine armies continued to be influenced by the earlier Roman legions, and were maintained with similar level of discipline, strategic prowess, and organization.
Centurions were the glue which held a Roman legion together. They were the full-time professional officers of the Roman army. The basic centurion commanded (usually) 83 men rather than 100. They rose in rank by commanding ever more important centuries.
The very best centurions were promoted to become centurions in the First Cohort, called "Primi Ordines", commanding one of its ten centuries and also taking on a staff role. The most senior centurion of the legion was the "Primus Pilus" who commanded the first century. Only eight officers in a full legion outranked him. They were:
Legion (disambiguation)
Legion may refer to:
Alpha helix
An alpha helix (α-helix) is a twisted part of a protein. It is one of the two most common parts of the secondary structure, or shape, of a protein. The other is the beta sheet. An alpha helix is created by alternating groups of atoms. There is a carbonyl group, created by a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom, and an amine group, created by a nitrogen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom. Each section containing one of each of these groups is called a residue, a general term for a small part of a molecule. Each amine group forms a hydrogen bond with the carbonyl group four residues earlier. A prion is a protein that causes disease by changing the shape of another protein. It does this by changing some of the alpha helices, which are more common in normal cells, to beta sheets, which are more common in prions. The alpha helix consists of 3.6 residues per turn. All hydrogen bonds face in the same direction. If two or more alpha helices come together, they become a tertiary structure. (Ex. Five alpha helices arranged into a barrel shape)
Allied-occupied Germany
After World War II Nazi Germany west of the Oder-Neisse line was divided into four occupation zones. This had been agreed in London in September 1944.
They were occupied by the allied powers who defeated Germany (the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States) and by France. This was done for administrative purposes during the period 1945-1949.
In the closing weeks of fighting in Europe the American forces had actually pushed beyond the previously agreed upon occupation zone boundaries, sometimes by as much as 200 miles. After about two months of holding certain areas meant to be in the Soviet zone, the American forces withdrew during July 1945.
Topaz is a silicate mineral. Along with silicate, it includes the chemical elements aluminium and fluorine with the chemical formula AlSiO(F,OH).
Pure topaz is colorless and transparent but they usually have colors made by small impurities. The typical topaz is wine, yellow, pale gray, reddish-orange, or blue brown. It can also be made white, pale green, blue, gold, or pink (rare).
"Orange topaz", also known as precious topaz, is the traditional November birthstone, the symbol of friendship, and the state gemstone for the US state of Utah.
"Imperial topaz" is yellow, pink (rare, if natural) or pink-orange. Some imperial topaz stones can fade if they are exposed too much in the sunlight.
"Blue topaz" is the US state Texas' gemstone.
"Mystic topaz" is colorless topaz which has been artificially coated, making it rainbow-colored.
Beautiful (song)
Beautiful is a song from Christina Aguilera's fourth album "Stripped". It was written by Linda Perry.
Aguilera sings about how people should not be ashamed to show pride in their differences.
It was released late in 2002. It was the second single from "Stripped".
"Beautiful" won a Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance.
In 2004, the character Damian sang the song at the school's talent show in "Mean Girls".
Fundamental theorem of algebra
The fundamental theorem of algebra is a proven fact about polynomials, sums of multiples of integer powers of one variable. It is based on mathematical analysis, the study of real numbers and limits. It was first proven by German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss. It says that for any polynomial formula_1 with the degree formula_2, where formula_3, the polynomial equation formula_4 must have at least one root formula_5, and not more than formula_2 roots altogether.
Some remarks:
R.E.M. (band)
R.E.M. is an American rock band. It was formed in Athens, Georgia in 1980. R.E.M. was one of the first popular alternative rock bands. R.E.M. released its first single, "Radio Free Europe" in 1981. The lead singer of the band was Michael Stipe.
During the 1980s, R.E.M. were one of the most important rock bands in the campus radio movement. They became successful internationally in 1987, when they released the songs, "The One I Love" and "It's The End Of The World As We Know It (And I Feel Fine)". They were very popular in the early 1990s and broke-up in 2011. They have been inducted in to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.