AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Some of the threatened species are down to only a handful of surviving members. Santa Catarina’s guinea pig, native to a single island in Brazil, is down to its last 40–60 individuals, reduced by hunting and habitat disturbance. The Great Indian bustard is threatened by habitat loss resulting from agriculture and human development, and is down to the last 50–250 individuals. "Elaeocarpus bojeri", a flowering plant found only on the island of Mauritius, has fewer than 10 surviving individuals, because of loss of habitat. The Baishan fir ("Abies beshanzuensis"), native to China, is down to five surviving mature individuals. "Priceless or Worthless?" describes the threats that each species is facing, and measures that would help their survival.
Whist
Whist is a classic English trick-taking card game which was widely played in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Whist is played by four players. They play in two partnerships with the partners sitting opposite each other. Players cut or draw cards to determine partners, with the two highest playing against the two lowest. The players then cut for deal. Unlike contract bridge, there is no bidding process. Trumps are decided by cutting a deck of cards. Therefore the game can be played by people who know nothing about modern bridge bidding.
Although the rules are simple, there is scope for scientific play. Originally it was a gambling game played in clubs and coffee houses.
Whist is a descendant of the 16th century game of "trump" or "ruff". The game takes its name from the 17th century "whist" (or "wist", or "whisk") meaning "quiet", "silent", "attentive", which is the root of the modern "wistful".
Whist is first described by Charles Cotton in his "The Compleat Gamester", published in London in 1674. It appears again in Seymour's "Court Gamester" of 1719, and we know that whist was played in some coffee houses in London. About 1728, a group led by the first Lord Folkestone played in Crown's coffee house in Bedford Row, London. They began to develop its potential as a partnership game.
Edmond Hoyle tutored wealthy young gentlemen in the game and published "A Short Treatise on the Game of Whist" in 1742. It became the standard text and rules for the game for the next hundred years and helped the game become fashionable. There are over 150 editions of this little book.
In the 1890s, a variant known as bridge-whist became popular. It evolved in stages to become auction bridge, and finally contract bridge in the late 1920s.
The traditional game of whist is still played at social events called "whist drives".
The rules are how it is played; the etiquette is how the players should behave.
A standard 52-card pack is used. The cards in each suit rank from highest to lowest: A K Q J 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2. Whist is played by four players, who play in two partnerships with the partners sitting opposite each other. Players cut or draw cards to determine partners, with the two highest playing against the two lowest. The players then cut for deal.
It is against the etiquette to comment on the cards in any way. One may not comment upon the hand one was dealt nor about one's good fortune or bad fortune.
Many basic ideas in card-play were discovered by whist players, and survive today in contract bridge. An example is the "finesse". This is an attempt to win a trick with a card lower than your best. For example: holding AQ73 in the South hand, the partnership lacks the K. North leads a low card, next hand plays low and South plays the Q. If it wins, an extra trick has been made.
Signalling between partners by means of the card-play was well understood and used. Examples are: leading the top card in a sequence, such as K from KQJx, and also leading 4th highest from any suit (which implies you hold one or two top honours in that suit). In 1834 Lord Henry Bentinck invented the "high-low" signal, which encourages partner to continue the suit. Some advanced ideas were known. Alexandre Deschapelles (17801847), a French genius at both cards and chess, invented a play now known as the Deschapelles coup. It is the sacrifice of a high-ranking card to get entry to partner's hand.
The technique of running events where all players sitting in the same direction play the same cards was invented for whist. A duplicate whist drive has placings N/S and placings E/W. Modern movements for contract bridge events are developments of that duplicate whist system.
The basic movement was invented by John T. Mitchell, a Scot who moved to the U.S. He invented the boards which hold the cards, and the movement for whist drives, in the 1890s. In the basic Mitchell movement all N/S pairs sit, while E/W pairs move one table up each round. When they move, boards go down one table. The effect of this is to divide the tournament into two halves, but later movements can avoid this. By allowing many pairs to play the same set of boards, tournament whist was invented. The idea, with variations, is still used today for bridge tournaments.
Pierre Bérégovoy
Pierre Eugene Bérégovoy (23 December 1925 - 1 May 1993) was a French socialist politician.
Bérégovoy was born to a French mother and Ukrainian father in Déville-les-Rouen. Bérégovoy was Prime Minister of France from 1992-1993. He shot himself dead in Nevers.
Silky sifaka
The silky sifaka ("Propithecus candidus"), is a large lemur with long, silky white fur. It has a small range in northeastern Madagascar, where it is known locally as the "simpona". It is one of the rarest mammals on Earth, and is listed by the IUCN as one of the world's 25 most endangered primates. The silky sifaka is one of nine species in the genus "Propithecus". The species is only found within a few protected areas in the rainforests of northeastern Madagascar, with most of the remaining population in Marojejy National Park and Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve.
The silky sifaka has a social structure, and lives in groups of two to nine individuals. It spends most of its day feeding and resting, and spends time to social behaviors like playing, grooming and travelling. Females occasionally take priority over males during feeding. Like other eastern sifakas, it eats mainly leaves and seeds, but also fruit, flowers, and even soil on occasion.
It is a seasonal breeder and only mates one day a year during the start of the rainy season. As with other sifaka species, non-maternal infant care is common. Group members of all ages and both sexes will often groom, play, occasionally carry, and even nurse infants that are not their own. The silky sifaka vocalizes frequently, and relies strongly on scent for communication.
The Gang of Four () was the name given to a political group of four Chinese Communist Party officials. The leader of the group was Jiang Qing, Mao Zedong's last wife. The other three were Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan and Wang Hongwen. They became powerful during China's Cultural Revolution. After the death of Mao Zedong, Jiang Quing was plotting a coup d'état to take over power. She and her close associates in the Gang of four were arrested, put on trial.
Jiang Qing and Zhang Chunqiao received death sentences that were later changed to life imprisonment. Wang Hongwen and Yao Wenyuan were given life and twenty years in prison, respectively. All members of the Gang of Four have since died. Jiang Qing committed suicide in 1991, Wang Hongwen died in 1992. Yao Wenyuan and Zhang Chunqiao died in 2005: they had been released from prison in 1996 and 1998 respectively.
Puja (Hinduism)
Pūjā (Devanagari: पूजा) is a prayer service ritual done by Hindus. The word puja comes from Sanskrit, and means reverence, honor and worship. A puja honors one or more deities. It also spiritually celebrates an event. It is sometimes spelled phonetically as "pooja" or "poojah". A Puja is the most common form of worship in the Hindu religion. It may honor or celebrate the presence of special guests or their memories after they die. Puja rituals are also held by Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs.
World Bridge Federation
The World Bridge Federation (WBF) is the international body for contract bridge. The WBF is responsible for world championship competition, most of which is on a four-year cycle. The top championships are those for national teams in Open, Women, and Seniors categories. There is a World Team Olympiad every four years.
The World Bridge Federation was founded August 1958 by delegates from Europe, North America, and South America (now Zones 1 to 3). Each national organisation is in one of the eight geographic zones.
It is incorporated under the laws of Switzerland as a 'non-profit' organization. Harold Stirling Vanderbilt was made the first honorary member of the WBF for his work developing the game.
Edward Williams
Edward Williams, known as his bardic name Iolo Morganwg (10 March 1747 – 18 December 1826), was an influential Welsh poet, antiquarian, and literary forger.
Iolo Morganwg wrote poems in both the English and Welsh languages. He wrote in the voice of other poets, as well as his own. Some of the forged poems were said to be written by the fourteenth century poet Dafydd ap Gwilym. Iolo Morganwg was known for his works as a literary forger. After his death, he had a reputation as one of Europe's most successful forgers
Morganwg was known as an Architect of the Welsh nation. This title was given for his contributions to the eighteenth-century cultural renaissance. He upheld Wales's reputation as a civil nation in Bardism and the Gorsedd of the Bards. Iolo Morganwg tried to get started some national institutions. Some of them were libraries, academies, and several museums.
This legend or anecdotal tale is a work of Edward Williams. The work is one of the anecdotes and recollections that were included in the book entitled "RECOLLECTIONS and ANECDOTES of EDWARD WILLIAMS, THE BARD OF GLAMORGAN ; IOLO MORGANWG, B. B. D.". The book was written by Elijah Waring. The work was inspired by Chun Quoit. It was also inspired by a piece of moor land called the Gump. The moor land was between Saint Just and Pendeen in Cornwall.
The legend has it that if crossing the Gump on a moonlit night, there is a possibility that you could meet the White Hare of the Gump. If you do, then to bring good fortune, and ward off evil, you must place a silver coin under your right foot. The White Hare is a friend of the Fairy King of the Gump.
• "Diddanwch y Cymry" (Entertainment of the Welsh, an anthology of poetry, 1770s)
• "Dywenydd Morganwg" (The Delight of Glamorgan, a quarterly magazine, 1780s)
• "Selected Pieces of Ancient Welsh-Poetry" (translations of poetry by the canonical poets of the period of the Cywyddwyr, 1790s and 1810s).
• "The History of the Bards" (1794)
• "Christianity versus Kingcraft, with a Plan proposed for abolishing the Christian Religion, as inimical to the Rights of Man." (1794)
• "Dissertation on the Rights of Man, with four Plans of Republican Government, humbly addressed to the American States, in their United and Individual capacities. To which will be added observations on the ancient Constitution of Britain deduced from the Welsh Laws of Howel Dda. and a new Plan of Limited Monarchy on Patriarchal Principles." (1794)
• "The History of the Ancient Bards of Britain, compiled from Authentic Manuscripts in the Welsh Language. with elucidating Extracts from ancient Poems, The Bardic Triades, and a review of what Ancient foreign writers have said on the subject. Or an attempt to ascertain the true principles of Liberty, Natural and Political, and the Duties of man as a member of society." (1794)
• "Christian prophecy fulfilled in French infidelity, and thereby the evidences of Revealed Religion corroborated, with a new argument advanced for the existence of a Deity and the connective necessity of Divine Revelation." (1794)
• "A new plan for civilizing the American Indians, and other Barbarous Nations, addressed to the british Protestant Dissenters." (1794)
• "A new and equitable plan for the Abolition of slavery. Addressed to Parliament of Great Britain." (1794)
• "An additional Volume of Poems as partly original and partly translations from the Welsh." (1794)
• "A Dissertation on Infant Baptism or sprinkling The clearest and in its arguments the most conclusive of any that has ever been written hitherto. By E.W. Explorer of the Den of Thieves to his most Supernal Majesty the King of Kings."
• "Traethawd ar Areithyddiaeth gan Dr Blackwell wedi ei gyfieithu gan Iolo Morganwg, B.B.D." (An essay on Oratory by Dr Blackwell translated by Iolo Morganwg B.B.D.)
• "Translation of Young's Farmer's Calendar by E.W."
• "A Grammar of the Welsh Language, with Canons of Celtic Etymology and the Rules of Welsh Versification"
• "The History of Caerfilly Castle from the first notice of it to the time of Henry the eighth By Edwd. Wms..."
• "To the prince of the Powers of the Air, King of Corsica, Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, Defender of Billy Pit's Faith, Head under God of the Church of Britain. This little work is with all the pomposity, all the adulation, all the Church and Kingism, and all the Blasphemy, of Regal etiquette, inscribed, addressed, Dedicated, &c, &c, &c, by his most sacred majesty, most redoubter and Democrat, Antagonist and Republican opponent"
• "War incompatible with spirit of Christianity" - An Essay by Edwd Wms.
Antiquarian
An antiquarian or antiquary (from the , meaning related to ancient times) is a student of antiquities or things of the past. More specifically, the term is used for those who study history with particular attention to ancient artifacts. This includes archaeological and historic sites, or historic archives and manuscripts. The essence of antiquarianism is a focus on the empirical evidence of the past. It may be better explained by the motto adopted by the 18th-century antiquary, Sir Richard Colt Hoare, "We speak from facts not theory".
In the 18th century a new form of humanism emerged. Learned men and those interested in history formed new antiquarian societies. They were not associated with universities. They were formed by gentlemen of means and leisure, They had a growing interest in ancient Greece. A fortunate few, mainly Englishmen and Frenchmen, could visit these sites. A lucky few could even afford books illustrating these antiquities. Many early antiquarians were self-taught. These gentlemen scholars prepared papers on their findings and debated these in the society meetings. At times they disagreed with the new academic approach to history. By the end of the 19th century, antiquarianism had been replaced by a number of more specialized academic disciplines. These included archaeology, art history, numismatics, sigillography, philology, literary studies and diplomatics. Today the term is often used in a pejorative sense. It is used to refer to a very narrow focus on historical trivia instead of the actual history.
An antiquarian may also be someone who collect or study antiques.
Shah Jalal
Hazrat Shah Jalal (, , full name: Shāh Jalāl ad-Dīn al-Mujarrad al-Turk al Naqshbandi) is a celebrated Sufi Muslim figure in Bengal. Jalal's name is associated with the Muslim movement into northeastern Bengal. Also he is associated with the spread of Islam in Bangladesh through Sufism. Jalal was originally a Turkestani. He arrived at Sylhet in 1303. This is according to a tablet inscription found in Amber Khana, Sylhet. Dhaka renamed Zia International Airport to Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport. Dhaka and Sylhet had named a University known as Hazrat Shahjalal University of Science and Technology. The Mazarin is located at Chittagong.
Typhoon Matmo (2014)
Typhoon Matmo (also Typhoon Henry) was a tropical cyclone. The storm struck Taiwan in July 2014. The storm also hit eastern China.
Damage totaled $567 million. Sixty-two people died from the typhoon.
Lucidio Sentimenti
Lucidio Sentimenti (also known as Sentimenti IV; 1 July 1920 – 28 November 2014) was an Italian football player from Bomporto in the Province of Modena. He played club football for several clubs including Juventus and Lazio. He also played for the Italian national football team nine different times.
Sentimenti died in Turin, Italy, aged 94.
Mark Strand
Mark Strand (April 11, 1934 – November 29, 2014) was a Canadian-American poet, essayist, and translator. He was appointed Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in 1990. He was a professor of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University. Strand was born in Summerside, Prince Edward Island.
Strand died on November 29, 2014, in Brooklyn, New York City from liposarcoma, aged 80.
Diane Middlebrook
Diane Helen Wood Middlebrook (April 16, 1939 – December 15, 2007) was an American biographer, poet, and teacher. She taught feminist studies for many years at Stanford University. She was best known for writing biographies of poets Anne Sexton and Sylvia Plath (along with Plath's husband Ted Hughes), and jazz musician Billy Tipton. She was born in Pocatello, Idaho.
Middlebrook died in San Francisco, California from liposarcoma, aged 68.
Liposarcoma
Chris Meffert
John Christian "Chris" Meffert (August 11, 1943 – November 13, 2014) was an American lawyer and politician. He served as Mayor of Ocala, Florida from 1977 through 1980. He then served in the Florida House of Representatives from 1980 through 1988. Meffert was born in Ocala, Florida.
Meffert died in Salt Springs, Florida from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), aged 71.
Whoopee cushion
A whoopee cushion, also known as a razzberry Cushion, is a practical joke device, used in a form of flatulence humour. It produces a noise resembling a "raspberry" or human flatulence. It is made from two sheets of rubber that are glued together at the edges. There is a small opening with a flap at one end for air to enter and leave the cushion. It is used by first inflating with air, then place it under a chair cushion for an unsuspecting victim to sit on. It is intended to embarrass the person. The Roman Emperor Elagabalus was known to use an early version of a whoopee cushions at dinner parties. It is very similar to a pig-bladder used by court Jesters in the middle ages. It would produce the same results. The modern version was re-invented in the 1920s by the JEM Rubber Co. of Toronto, Canada. Employees were experimenting with scrap sheets of rubber to produce the gag item.
Eurasian teal
The Eurasian teal, common teal, or Eurasian green-winged teal (Anas crecca) is a duck that lives in Europe and Asia. It is the only kind of teal in most places. Teal is also the name of a color between blue and green. The bird has this color round its eyes.
The teal mates where the weather is temperate, but in winter it flies south to avoid the cold. When it is not starting a family, the teal likes to be with other teals. It often lives in places where the ground is very wet and the wind is usually not strong. It does not go under the water to find its food. Instead, it stays on top of the water and eats seeds and bugs that live in the water.
Some scientists think that another kind of teal, the North American green-winged teal ("A. carolinensis"), is a kind of common teal
John T. Chisholm
My Everything is the second studio album by American singer and actress Ariana Grande. It was released on August 25, 2014. It first appeared at the top of the "Billboard" 200. It sold 169,000 copies in its first week.
Vocal credits
Managerial and creative
!scope="row"| South Korea
Chinese Rail GKD1
The GKD1 (D1) is a kind of diesel locomotive used in China. It was built by Dalian Locomotive & Rolling Stock Works.
Chinese Rail SS3B
The SS3B () is a kind of AC-powered electric locomotive used in China. It was built by Ziyang Locomotive Works in 2002 and is still produced as of 2009.
SS3B have been manufactured by several companies:
Dayananda Saraswati
Dayananda Saraswati (, "Maharshi Dayānand Sarasvatī") born (12 February 1824 – 30 October 1883), at Tankara was an important Hindu religious leader of his time. He was the founder of the Arya Samaj, a Hindu reform movement of the Vedic tradition. He was a scholar of Vedic lore and Sanskrit language. He was the first to give the call for "Swarajya" as "India for Indians" in 1876.
Maharshi Dayananda taught the doctrine of Karma (Karmasiddhanta in Hinduism) and Reincarnation (Punarjanma in Hinduism). He emphasized the Vedic ideals of "brahmacharya" (celibacy) and "Bhakti" (devotion to God). He promoted equal rights for women. This included the right to education and reading of Indian scriptures. He was against child marriage. He was also against idol worshipping and animal sacrifice. He spoke out against other religions, especially Islam and Christianity. He felt they were out to destroy the Hindu faith.
Snake case (or snake_case) is the process of writing compound words so that the words are separated with an underscore symbol (_) instead of a space. The first letter is usually changed to lowercase. Some examples of Snake case would be "foo_bar" or "hello_world". It is commonly used in computer code. At least one study found that readers can recognize snake case faster than CamelCase.
If the first letter of each word is uppercase, this is known as Train-Case.
Grumpy Cat's Worst Christmas Ever is a television Christmas movie that stars the famous internet celebrity animal, Grumpy Cat. The movie was first shown on the Lifetime network on November 29, 2014.
It stars Megan Charpentier as a young girl who adopts Grumpy Cat. Then she finds out that she and the cat can really talk with one another.
The voice of Grumpy Cat is spoken by the actress Aubrey Plaza. She did not know about Grumpy Cat before working in the movie. To prepare, she learned all about Grumpy's behavior. The movie had already been made when Aubrey did the cat's voice part. Instead of using her script, she made up most of Grumpy's lines that ended up in the movie.
Grumpy Cat is a lonely cat living in a pet shop in a shopping mall. The pet shop is going to go out of business and be shut down. Grumpy is sad and upset because she is not getting picked to get a new home, while other animals are being adopted.
Chrystal is a lonely 12-year-old girl who comes into the pet store right before Christmas and falls in love with Grumpy Cat. Grumpy finds out that she can communicate by talking with this girl. Chrystal is also amazed to find out that Grumpy Cat can talk. At first, the two do not get along with one another. While visiting in the pet shop during the Christmas holidays, they slowly become friends.
Chrystal really likes Grumpy after they have an exciting adventure. A dog that costs a lot of money is about to be dognapped from the pet shop. Even though Grumpy does not like the dog, she stops the theft of the dog from happening.
Reviews for "Grumpy Cat's Worst Christmas Ever" have been both negative and postive. The "AV Club" and "Entertainment Weekly" both did not like the movie. "AV Club" said it was "the largest turd in Lifetime's crap crown of original programming." "The Guardian" and "St. Louis Post Dispatch" were a bit more positive in their reviews. The "St. Louis Post Dispatch" said that although the film was "terrible" they still enjoyed it overall.
Deaths in December 2014
"You're So Vain" is a 1972 pop ballad, written and performed by Carly Simon.
This song is about an arrogant (or unkind) man. Some people wondered who was so vain? She told later in the newspaper that the person’s name contains the letter E. This song is also well-known that Mick Jagger joined and sang backup on the record. Simon also played the piano in the record. It was released in November, 1972.
The song has been covered by many artists.
"More, More, More" is a pop single by Andrea True Connection. The song was sampled for Len's 1999 "Steal My Sunshine".
The song was covered by other artists, including Samantha Fox, Bananarama and Rachel Stevens.
This song hit #4 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. It was released in February 1976.
Sisters (TV series)
Sisters was an American television drama series. The show was about four sisters in Winnetka, Illinois.
The show was first broadcast in May of 1991. It lasted until May 4, 1996.
World Almanac
The World Almanac and Book of Facts is a reference book. It has information on tragedies, sports, weather and celebrities. The book was #1 on the "Washington Post" bestseller list in November 2011.
The book has been published every year since 1868, except between 1876 and 1885.
Rosie Perez reads the book in "White Men Can't Jump".
Gunnar Hultgren
Gunnar Hultgren (19 February 1902, Eskilstuna, Sweden – 13 February 1991, Uppsala, Sweden) was a Swedish bishop. He was active within the Church of Sweden. He was the Archbishop of Uppsala between 1958 and 1967.
Ruben Josefson
Ruben Josefson (25 August 1907, Svenljunga, Sweden – 19 March 1972, Uppsala, Sweden) was a Swedish bishop. He was active within the Church of Sweden.. He was the Archbishop of Uppsala between 1967-1972.
Olof Sundby
Olof Sundby (6 December 1917, Karlskoga, Sweden – 6 December 1996 in Lund, Sweden) was a Swedish bishop. He was active within the Church of Sweden.. He was the Archbishop of Uppsala between 1972 and 1983.
Hans Olof Holmström (15 October 1784, Ösmno Parish, Sweden – 27 August 1855 in Uppsala, Sweden) was a Swedish bishop. He was active within the Church of Sweden.. He was the Archbishop of Uppsala between 1852-1855.
Anja Pärson
Anja Sofia Tess Pärson (; born 25 April 1981) in Tärnaby, Sweden is a Swedish former alpine skier. She won several Olympic titles and World Championship titles. In 2003 and 2004, she also won the total Alpine Skiing World Cup. Totally, she won 42 World Cup events.
Magdalena Forsberg
Magdalena "Magda" Forsberg (born 25 July 1967 in Ullånger, Sweden as Magdalena Wallin) is a Swedish former cross country skier and biathlete. She won the overall Biathlon World Cup for six years straight between the seasons of 1996-1997 and 2001/2002. She also won several Biathlon World Championships titles. She also participated in the Cross-Country Skiing World Cup between the seasons of 1987/1988 and 1995/1996. Her best results at the Winter Olympics were in Albertville in 1992 where she finished seventh in the 4 × 5 km relay and 26th in the 15 km event.
Charlotte Kalla
Marina Charlotte Kalla (born 22 July 1987 in Tärendö, Sweden) is a Swedish cross-country skier. She has competed at the international level since the 2003-2004 season. She won a bronze medal at the women's 4 x 5 kilometre relay event during the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009 in Liberec in the Czech Republic.
On 6 January 2008, she won the second edition of the Tour de Ski event.
On 6 May 2012, she signed for Piteå Elit for the 2012/2013 season.
Antje Jackelén
Antje Jackelén, born 4 June 1955 in Herdecke, North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany, is the Protestant (Lutheran) archbishop of Uppsala in Sweden. She is primate "(prima inter pares)" of the Church of Sweden. On 15 October 2013, she was elected the 70th Archbishop of Uppsala. She was formally received through a service inside the Uppsala Cathedral on 15 June 2014. This made her the Church of Sweden's first archbishop to be born outside Sweden since the 12th century. She also became the denomination's first female archbishop.
Ingemar Stenmark
Jan Ingemar Stenmark (), born 18 March 1956 in Joesjö, Sweden is a Swedish former Alpine World Cup skier. He competed at international level between the early 1970s and the late 1980s. He won several titles during the World Championship titles, the Olympic Games and the World Cup.
Duke of Bedford
The title of Duke of Bedford is a British title has been created several times and is today held by the Russell family since 1694. The heir to the title is usually given the title of "Marquess of Tavistock". The family seat is Woburn Abbey, Bedfordshire. The private mausoleum and chapel of the Russell Family and the Dukes of Bedford is at St. Michael’s Church in Chenies, Buckinghamshire. The family owns the Bedford Estate in central London. The duke is entitled to the style of address of "His/Your Grace".
The heir apparent is the present holder's only son Henry Robin Charles Russell, Marquess of Tavistock (b. 2005).
Gunde Svan
Gunde Svan, born 12 January 1962 in Dala-Järna, Sweden is a Swedish former cross-country skier and auto racing driver. As a cross-country skier he won several titles during the World Championship titles and the Olympic Games as well the World Cup.
Christine McVie (born Christine Anne Perfect on 12 July 1943) is an English singer-songwriter and keyboardist. She is best known for being a member of rock band Fleetwood Mac. Eight songs written and sung by McVie are on the band's "Greatest Hits" album. They include "Don't Stop", "Little Lies", "Everywhere" and "You Make Loving Fun". She has also released three solo albums.
In 1998, as a member of Fleetwood Mac, McVie was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. She also received the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music. After retiring from the band, she worked on solo material. McVie appeared on stage with Fleetwood Mac at London's O Arena in September 2013. She rejoined the band in January 2014. Her first full shows since her return were during Fleetwood Mac's "On with the Show" tour in October 2014. In 2014, McVie received the British Academy's Ivor Novello Award for Lifetime Achievement.
With Fleetwood Mac:
We Were Gentlemen
We Were Gentlemen is an American metalcore band. It formed in 2005 in Virginia Beach, Virginia. They split in 2010.
Lorimar-Telepictures
Lorimar-Telepictures was an entertainment company established on April 21, 1986 with the merger of Lorimar and Telepictures. Its assets included television production and syndication (which operated under the Lorimar-Telepictures name), feature films, home video, and broadcasting.
The merger of Lorimar-Telepictures was announced on October 7, 1985 by Merv Adelson. On April 21, 1986, the merger was complete. Lee Rich, one of the founders of Lorimar sold his shares in 1986 and left the company. On January 11, 1989, Warner Communications acquired Lorimar-Telepictures after shaking off the hostile takeover of the company.
Note: All series listed here are now owned and distributed by Warner Bros. Television with a few exceptions.
In the mid-1980s, Lorimar-Telepictures went into the broadcasting business by acquiring six television stations, which were as follows:
The success of this broadcast division was non-existent resulting in the sale of each of these stations by 1991.
Qayyum Chowdhury
Qayyum Chowdhury (, March 9, 1932 – November 30, 2014) was a Bangladeshi painter. He was known for painting cover photos. He painted covers for over 26 years. His works can be seen all over Bangladesh.
On November 30, 2014, Chowdhury fell sick while delivering his speech on the fourth-day of Bengal Foundation organized classical music festival in Bangladesh Army Stadium. He was rushed to CMH, where on-duty doctor declared him dead. He was 82 years old.
Dwayne Alons
Dwayne Arlan Alons (October 30, 1946 – November 29, 2014) was an American politician. He was the Iowa State Representative from the 4th District. He was a member of the Republican party. Alons served in the Iowa House of Representatives since 1999. He was a Brigadier General in the Iowa Air National Guard and served as Chief of Staff at its headquarters.
Alons died of kidney cancer on November 29, 2014 in Sioux Center, Iowa, aged 68.
Joan Feynman
Joan Feynman (March 31, 1927 – July 22, 2020) was an American astrophysicist. Her work focused on solar wind particles and fields; sun-Earth relations; and magnetospheric physics. Feynman was the younger sister of physicist Richard Feynman who, since they were children, encouraged her interest in nature.
Feynman died on July 22, 2020 in Oxnard, California from heart failure at the age of 93.
El Chavo del Ocho
El Chavo del Ocho is a very popular Mexican sitcom. It was created and written by Roberto Gómez Bolaños. It stars Roberto Gómez Bolaños, María Antonieta de las Nieves, Carlos Villagrán, Florinda Meza, Ramón Valdés, Rubén Aguirre, Édgar Vivar, Raúl Padilla, Horacio Gómez Bolaños, and Angelines Fernández. It ran from 1971 through 1980 for 8 seasons.
El Chapulín Colorado (English: The Red Grasshopper) is a Mexican television comedy series. It was created and written by Roberto Gómez Bolaños. It ran from 1972 to 1981.
Chespirito (TV series)
Chespirito, also known as Los Supergenios de la Mesa Cuadrada from 1968–1970 and Chespirito y la Mesa Cuadrada from 1970-1971, is a Mexican sketch comedy show. It aired in Mexico for two periods, 1968–1973 and 1980-1995. The program aired various sketches of characters created by Roberto Gómez Bolaños.
Florinda Meza
Florinda Meza García (born 8 February 1949) is a Mexican actress, television producer, and screenwriter. She is best known as Doña Florinda in "El Chavo del Ocho", La Chimoltrufia in "Chespirito", and other various roles in "El Chapulín Colorado".
Meza was married to Roberto Gómez Bolaños from 2004 until his death in 2014.
María Antonieta de las Nieves
María Antonieta Gómez Rodríguez (born 22 December 1949), more commonly known by her stage name María Antonieta de las Nieves, is a Mexican actress, comedienne, and singer. She is known for her role as La Chilindrina in the Mexican sitcom "El Chavo del Ocho".
Carlos Villagrán
Carlos Villagrán Eslava (born 12 January 1944) is a Mexican actor, comedian, and former journalist. He is best known for playing Quico in the Televisa sitcom "El Chavo del Ocho" and the Telerey sitcom "¡Ah qué Kiko!".
Ramón Valdés
Ramón Gómez Valdés de Castillo (September 2, 1923 – August 9, 1988), often credited as Ramón Valdéz, was a Mexican actor. He was best known for his role of Don Ramón in the popular sitcom "El Chavo del Ocho". He was born in Mexico City, Mexico.
Valdés died in Mexico City from stomach cancer, aged 64.
Rubén Aguirre
Rubén Aguirre Fuentes (; June 15, 1934 – June 17, 2016) was a Mexican actor. He was best remembered for his role as Professor Jirafales in the Televisa's television show "El Chavo del Ocho".
Aguirre died on June 17, 2016 at his home in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico. He died from complications of pneumonia, justt two days after his 82nd birthday. He suffered from diabetes which has been said to also been a factor to his death.
Édgar Vivar
Dr. Édgar Ángel Vivar Villanueva (born December 28, 1944) is a Mexican actor. He is best remembered as "Señor Barriga" and his son "Ñoño" from "El Chavo del Ocho", and as "El Botija" from "El Chapulín Colorado" and in "Chespirito".
Raúl Padilla
Raúl "Chato" Padilla Mendoza (June 17, 1917 – February 3, 1994) was a Mexican actor. He was known for his role as Jaimito el Cartero ("Jaimito, the Mailman") in "El Chavo del Ocho". His nickname "Chato" means "Pug" because he had a flat nose and it looked like a pug.
Padilla died in Mexico City, Mexico from a heart attack, aged 76.
Pecan pie
Pecan pies are sweet pies. They are made mostly with corn syrup and pecans. Some are made with brown sugar, molasses or honey.
Pecan pie is often served in the United States with Thanksgiving and Christmas meals.
Pecan pie is common in the Southern United States.
Horacio Gómez Bolaños
Horacio Gómez Bolaños (June 28, 1930 - November 21, 1999) was a Mexican actor. He was the brother of Roberto Gómez Bolaños. On the TV show "El Chavo del 8", he played the character Godinez.
Bolaños died on November 21, 1999 of a heart attack during the production of a tribute to Chespirito for Televisa, aged 69.
Angelines Fernández
María de los Ángeles "Angelines" Fernández Abad (9 July 1922 – 25 March 1994) was a Spanish-born Mexican actress. She was best remembered for playing Doña Clotilde "La Bruja del 71" in the Televisa sitcom "El Chavo del Ocho". She was born in Madrid, Spain.
Fernández died from throat cancer in Mexico City, Mexico, aged 71.
Gustavo Díaz Ordaz
Gustavo Díaz Ordaz Bolaños (; 12 March 1911 – 15 July 1979) was a Mexican politician. He was a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He served as the President of Mexico from 1964 to 1970. His distant cousin was comedian Roberto Gomez Bolaños.
Ordaz died in Mexico City, Mexico on 15 July 1979 from colorectal cancer, aged 68.
Jean-Jacques Perrey (; January 20, 1929 – November 4, 2016) was a French electronic music producer. He was best known for writing electronic music. He worked with the duo Perrey and Kingsley. He was also known for producing the them ""The Elephant Never Forgets"".
Perrey died from complications of lung cancer in Switzerland, aged 87.
Go Seigen
Wu Qingyuan (; June 12, 1914 – November 30, 2014), also known as Go Seigen, was a Japanese Go player.
He was thought by many other Go players as one of the greatest Go players in its history. Seigen turned 100 in June 2014. Seigen was born in Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
Seigen died in Odawara, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan from natural causes, aged 100.
Óscar Humberto Mejía Victores
Brigadier General Óscar Humberto Mejía Victores (December 9, 1930 – February 1, 2016) was a Guatemalan politician. He was the 27th President of Guatemala from 8 August 1983 to 14 January 1986.
Victores died in Guatemala City from Parkinson's disease on February 1, 2016 at the age of 85.
Álvaro Arzú
Álvaro Enrique Arzú Yrigoyen (14 March 1946 – 27 April 2018) was a Guatemalan politician. He was the 32nd President of Guatemala from January 14, 1996 until January 14, 2000. He was elected Mayor of Guatemala City five times and served his fifth term from 2004 until his death in 2018.
On April 27, 2018, Arzú suffered a heart attack while playing golf with his son in Guatemala City. He died in the hospital later that day.
Óscar Berger
Óscar José Rafael Berger Perdomo (born 11 August 1946 in Guatemala City) is a Guatemalan politician. He served as President of Guatemala serving from 2004 through 2008.
Monosodium glutamate
Monosodium glutamate (MSG), also known as sodium glutamate, is the sodium salt of glutamic acid. It is a chemical used to make foods taste better. This works because savory flavors are enhanced. That means the savory flavors are stronger. MSG is found in most foods. It is in higher concentrations in high protein foods such as meat, fish and dairy products. It has the E number of 621. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has classed MSG as a food additive that is "generally recognized as safe". However, the FDA requires that it be listed on the label.
Sergio Corona
Sergio Corona Ortega (born October 7, 1928) is a Mexican television and movie actor and comedian. He has appeared in over 50 telenovelas. Corona is known for his roles as Don Tomas Leon in the Mexican telenovela "Come dice el dicho" and as Don Boni in "Plaza Sésamo" (Spanish version of "Sesame Street"). He also appeared as a bellboy in the 1989 James Bond movie "License to Kill".
Corona was born in Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico.
Aqueous solution
Luc De Vos
Luc De Vos (12 July 1962 – 29 November 2014) was a Belgian musician and writer. He was best known as the lead singer of the Alternative Dutch language rock group Gorki. He also voiced Fillmore in the Flemish version of the Disney movie Cars. He was born in Evergem, Belgium.
Vos died from acute multiple organ failure in Ghent, Belgium, aged 52.
2014 India-Pakistan floods
In September 2014, the Kashmir region in South Asia witnessed heavy floods across a large part of its districts. This was caused by heavy rainfall. In Jammu & Kashmir in India, as well as Azad Kashmir, Gilgit-Baltistan and Punjab in Pakistan, were affected by these floods. 566 people died due to the floods in this area.
Mother (Gorky Novel)
Mother ("") is a novel written by Maxim Gorky in 1906. It is about an woman who began to take on extreme political beliefs. It was translated into many languages, many movies are also inspired by it.
The play "The Mother" by German playwright Bertolt Brecht is based on this novel.
Demaratus
These Boots Are Made for Walkin'
"These Boots Are Made For Walkin'“ is a song sung by Nancy Sinatra. It was released in early 1966.
The Mini Pop Kids sang it on their 2005 album, "Mini Pop Kids 2".
Gemmy made 2 items that sang this song: go-go boots and a female turtle.
Analog television
Analog television is broadcasting television programming using analog signals. Before digital television, all broadcasters used analog signals.
Analog television can be wireless or can be over a cable television network.
Many countries have changed from analog to digital television. Others are in the process of changing, and some have not started changing.
The current deadline for "low power" TV stations in the United States to switch to digital television is July 13th 2021, over 60 years after analog was first made. The full power stations already switched in the months between February 12th and July 12th 2009.
In 2008, the FCC in the US said that all full power stations needed to switch to digital by the 13th February 2009. Most had already been running digital channels alongside the analog version. Satellite, cable, and users with low power did not need to make the change at the time. The FCC gave people up to 2 $40 coupons to buy converter boxes between January 2008 and March 2009.
In the UK, regions began changing to digital terrestrial television in 2007. The regional phase ended in 2012. Northern Ireland was the last place to replace analog in the UK on the morning of 24th of October 2012.
Some people were worried that because some digital channels didn't have subtitles, that some people would have difficulty understanding what was happening. The London Olympic Games were meant to be held soon, which also made people worried that the timetable would affect people's ability to watch it if they did not make the switch completely.
Meanwhile in the US, 2 years after all of the full power analog TV stations were shut down, the FCC, on July 15, 2011 made the date for low power television. Stations on channels 52 to 69 had to shut down or leave those channels by December 31, 2011, and all analog television transmitters needed to shut down by September 1, 2015. The FCC said, on May 17 of 2017, that all analog low-power stations and transmitters must convert by July 13, 2021.
The game of Simon Says is a childrens game. It is played in many parts of the world.
One player is "Simon" and gives instructions to other players. Players should only follow instructions if "Simon" first says, "Simon says...". Players are eliminated if they follow any instruction that does not begin with "Simon says..." Examples would be instructions such as "Simon says touch your nose" or "Simon says jump on one foot". Players are eliminated until just one is left. The winner of the game is the player who has followed all the instructions correctly.
Digital television is television broadcasting using digital signals. With digital television, more than one program can be sent at a time in the same channel bandwidth. It also provides a cleaner looking picture than analog.
Digital television has replaced analog television in many countries. These countries include Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.
Fred Catherwood
Sir Henry Frederick Ross Catherwood (31 January 1925 – 30 November 2014) was a British politician and writer.
Catherwood was born at Castledawson, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. He was educated at Shrewsbury School and Clare College, Cambridge.
He was former Director General of the National Economic Development Council, and president of the Evangelical Alliance.
He was elected as a Conservative member of the European Parliament for Cambridgeshire and related areas from 1979 until his retirement in 1994. He was Vice President of the European Parliament 1989-1992.
He married Elizabeth, the daughter of Christian pastor and author Martyn Lloyd-Jones. Their son Christopher Catherwood is an author. Fred Catherwood died in Cambridge, England on 30 November 2014 at the age of 89.
Martin Litton
Martin Litton (February 13, 1917 – November 30, 2014) was an American environmental activist and editor. He was a Grand Canyon river runner. Litton was best known as a staunch opponent of the construction of Glen Canyon Dam and other dams on the Colorado River.
On November 30, 2014, Litton died at his home in Palo Alto, California, aged 97.
Jarbom Gamlin
Jarbom Gamlin (16 April 1961 – 30 November 2014) was an Indian politician. He was the leader of the Indian National Congress political party in Arunachal Pradesh. He was the Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh serving from May 2011 through October 2011.
Gamlin died from liver thrombosis in Gurgaon, Assam, aged 53.
Sita Murt
Sita Murt (; 1946 – 1 December 2014) was a Catalan fashion designer and businesswoman. She was born in Barcelona, Spain. She was known for designing soft clothing and for producing the clothes in the movie "Vicky Christina Barcelona".
Murt died from cancer in Barcelona, Spain, aged 68.
Mary Beth Hughes
Mary Beth Hughes (November 13, 1919 – August 27, 1995) was an American stage, movie and television actress. She played Henry Fonda's former girlfriend in "The Ox-Bow Incident" (1943). She also played Sylvia in "The Great Profile".
She was born Mary Elizabeth Hughes in Alton, Illinois. Hughes' parents, George Joseph Hughes and Mary Frances Hughes, separated when she was an infant and divorced in 1923.
Hughes died, aged 75, on August 27, 1995 from natural causes in Los Angeles.
Stellinha Egg
Stella Maria Egg, baptismal name of Stellinha Egg (July 18, 1914 - June 17, 1991), was a Brazilian singer and composer.
She was married to maestro Lindolfo Gaya and musical partner of Luiz Gonzaga, Dorival Caymmi, Silvio Caldas, among others.
Stella Maria Egg was born in Curitiba on July 18, 1914. After her husband died in the 80s, she returned to Curitiba, leaving behind their concerts. She died in Curitiba on June 17, 1991, when she was 77 years old.
Adriana Caselotti
Adriana Caselotti (May 6, 1916 – January 18, 1997) was an American voice actress and a singer. She voiced Snow White in "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" in 1937.
Caselotti was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut. She died in Los Angeles, California of respiratory failure from lung cancer.
Dorothy Morris
Dorothy Morris (February 23, 1922 – November 20, 2011) was an American actress. She played roles of "the girl next door". She played Sue in "Cry Havoc". She played Edith Bryant in "This Time for Keeps".
Morris was born in Los Angeles, California. She died at age eighty-nine in Palm Springs, California
Denise Darcel
Denise Darcel (born Denise Billecard; 8 September 1924 – 23 December 2011) was a French actress. She made movies in Hollywood. She played Gigi Mignon in "Dangerous When Wet". She played Countess Marie in the movie "Vera Cruz".
Darcel was born in Paris, France. She died at age 87 in Los Angeles, California from emergency surgery to repair a torn aneurysm.
Romford railway station
Tay Bridge disaster
The Tay Bridge disaster was one of the great engineering disasters of the 19th century. It happened during a violent storm on 28 December 1879. The first Tay Rail Bridge collapsed while a train was passing over it from Wormit to Dundee, killing all aboard.
The Tay Bridge was designed by noted railway engineer Thomas Bouch, who received a knighthood when the bridge was completed. It was a lattice-grid design, combining cast and wrought iron. The design was well known, having been successfully used in the Crumlin Viaduct in South Wales in 1858.
An earlier cast iron design, the Dee bridge which collapsed in 1847, failed due to poor use of cast-iron girders. In 1867 Gustave Eiffel used a similar design to build several large viaducts in the Massif Central.
Plans to build a bridge across the River Tay date back to at least 1854. The "North British Railway (Tay Bridge) Act" received the Royal Assent on 15 July 1870 and the foundation stone was laid on 22 July 1871.
The original design was for lattice girders supported by brick piers resting on bedrock. Test drilling showed the rock was not far below the river. At either end of the bridge the single rail track ran on top of the bridge girder, most of which lay below the pier tops. However, in the middle section of the bridge (the “high girders”) the railway ran inside the bridge girder, which could then run above the pier tops. This made the bridge high enough to allow sailing ships to travel up the river to Perth.
However as the bridge extended out into the river, it became clear in December 1873, that the bedrock really lay much deeper. It was too deep to act as a foundation for the bridge piers. Bouch had to redesign the bridge. He reduced the number of piers and increased the span of the girders. The pier foundations were no longer taken down to bedrock; instead they were built by sinking brick-lined wrought-iron caissons onto the riverbed,