AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
In early days, electricity was distributed as direct current (DC). Alternating current (AC) was later introduced during the War of Currents. DC distribution disappeared because transformers can easily convert AC to high voltage for electric power transmission and low voltage to use at home.
An electricity meter (or energy meter) is a device that measures the amount of electricity used by a house or business. Measurements are usually taken in kilowatt hours (kWh).
Electricity meters became popular when more and more houses were connected to electricity in the 1880s. Instead of charging the homes based on how many electricity loads they had, charging on how much electricity they used became more accurate and fair.
This type electricity meter uses the force generated by current when passing through magnetic field to rotate a spinning disk inside the meter. The disk is then turn the number to indicate how much electricity has been used which is recorded by the meter.
This type of electricity meter converts electricity directly with an analogue-to-digital converter inside a microprocessor to get the exact electricity usage reading.
Electricity meters can easily be tampered with. This may allow the customers to use electricity for free. Tampering with electricity meters is illegal and can carry fines or legal actions.
High-voltage direct current
A high-voltage direct current (HVDC) is a transmission system which uses direct electric current (DC) to transmit electricity. It is more efficient over long distances than the usual high-voltage alternating current (HVAC).
HVDC was first demonstrated in 1882 in Germany. The technology was further developed during the 1930s in Sweden and Nazi Germany. Early commercial uses were in the Soviet Union and Sweden in 1951.
The converter in HVDC system converts AC electricity to DC electricity or vice versa. Converting AC to DC, it acts as a rectifier. Converting DC to AC, it acts as an inverter.
Types of HVDC converters:
The transformer at the converter station ensures that the station is isolated from the AC system connected to the HVDC system. It also provides the correct voltage level which will be converted to DC voltage.
Because harmonics are always produced in electronic equipment, harmonic filters are used at the AC terminal of the converter. The DC harmonic filters can also be used at the DC line after the AC/DC conversion.
The electrode provides a ground return path for line current in monopolar configuration and unbalanced current in bipolar configuration.
In HVDC monopole configuration, one of the terminals of the rectifier is connected to earth ground. The other terminal is connected to the transmission line. The earthed terminal may be connected to the corresponding connection at the inverting station by means of a second conductor.
In HVDC bipolar configuration, a pair of conductors are used, each at a high potential with respect to ground in opposite polarity. The DC current flows via the positive pole and returns via the negative pole. The connection point between the positive and negative poles is grounded to the earth.
In this configuration, virtually no earth or neutral current is flowing. When one pole is broken, half of its transfer capability is still available.
A back-to-back HVDC station is a HVDC station in which both converters are located within the same building area where the length of the DC line is being kept as short as possible.
Ronda Rousey
Ronda Jean Rousey (born February 1, 1987) is an American mixed martial artist.
She used to be the UFC Female Bantamweight Champion until November 2015 when she got defeated by American Holly Holm. It was her first ever loss. In December 2016 she tried to win the championship back but she got defeated by TOTAL KNOCKOUT (TKO) just 48 seconds into the first round, this time by Brazilian Amanda Nunes. She now has a career in the WWE (World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc). Well known as ( Rowdy Ronda Rousey )
She is expected to also act in movies beginning in summer 2014. She will act in the movies of Expendables 3 and Fast & Furious 7.
She was born in the city of Riverside, California.
She has endorsed Bernie Sanders' presidential campaign for the 2016 United States presidential election.
Alicia Vikander
Alicia Vikander (born October 3, 1988) is a Swedish actress. She will play Alice Deane in "Seventh Son". She has also been in lots of other movies, such as the 2015 "Ex Machina".
Vikander was born in Gothenburg, Sweden.
Seventh Son is a 2014 fantasy-action movie. The movie is set during the medieval period. In this movie are Julianne Moore, Alicia Vikander and Jeff Bridges. This movie was released in the United States in February 2015. The studio which distributes "Seventh Son" is Universal Pictures.
Hau Pei-tsun
Hau Pei-tsun (; 8 August 1919 – 30 March 2020) was the Premier of the Republic of China from May 30, 1990 to February 10, 1993. He was also a 4-star general in that country's army.
He was born on 8 August 1919 in Yancheng, Jiangsu. He studied at the Chinese Military Academy.
In the 1996 elections, he ran for vice-president as an independent. He ran with Lin Yang-kang, who was running for president. His party later collapsed and was expelled from the elections. His party's membership was restored in 2005.
He married Kuo Wan-hua and had two sons and three daughters. One of his sons is politician Hau Lung-pin, the former chairman of the New Party, and current Mayor of Taipei.
Hau died of multiple organ failure on 30 March 2020 in Taipei at the age of 100.
Skin effect
Utility frequency
Utility frequency, line frequency or mains frequency is the frequency level of the AC electricity used in transmission and distribution from electricity generation sources to customers. The world's two major utility frequencies are 50 Hz (most, but not all, of the Eastern hemisphere) and 60 Hz (most, but not all, of the Western hemisphere).
Many electric railways in Europe use a frequency of 16.7 Hz (one third of 50 Hz). Early electric railways sometimes used 25 Hz (half of 50 Hz). New electric railways usually use the standard mains frequency of 50 Hz. Some lines in the northeast United States still use 25 Hz.
Rogelio Guerra
Hildegardo Francisco Guerra Martínez (8 October 1936 in Aguascalientes, Mexico – 28 February 2018 in Mexico City) or Rogelio Guerra, was a Mexican movie actor and television actor. He has also sometimes worked as a voice actor.
He appeared in over 200 Spanish sitcoms since his career began in 1957. He has also appeared on several international movies as a Spanish-dub actor such as Perry White in "Superman Returns".
Guerra was born on 8 October 1936 in Aguascalientes, Mexico. He was married to Maribel Robles. Guerra died in Mexico City of a heart attack while suffering from complications of a stroke he had in 2015. He was 81 years old.
Power system harmonics
Power system harmonics are the harmonic contents from the utility frequency. Harmonics are one kind of distortion to a voltage or current's waveform. This distortion is produced by non-linear devices connected to the power system. Since equipment is made to work at the utility frequency, harmonics can make it work wrong. This is one kind of power quality problem. It increases heating in power equipment.
Harmonics can be eliminated or reduced by using harmonic filter.
Eric del Castillo
José Eduardo Eric del Castillo Negrete-Galván (born July 22, 1934) is a well-known Mexican actor who appeared in many telenovelas and movies. He appeared in over 200 television or movies related to Mexico or voice dubbing since 1960. He has won several awards throughout his career.
del Castillo was born on July 22, 1934 in Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico. He is married to Kate Trillo. They have two children. He now lives in Mexico City, Mexico.
New College of Florida
New College of Florida is a public liberal arts college in Sarasota, Florida, in the United States. It started as a private college in 1960. In 2001, it became public.
Changhua County
Changhua County () is a county in Taiwan. It is the smallest county on the island, though there are smaller counties on some of Taiwan's other islands. The capital is Changhua City.
About 1.3 million people live in this county. It has the second-largest population after Taoyuan City.
Chiayi County
Chiayi County () is a county in Taiwan. It is in the south-west of the island. It surrounds Chiayi City, but does not include it. The seat of the county's government is in Taibao. Chiayi is the sixth largest county in Taiwan. The National Chung Cheng University is in this county.
Dušan Dragosavac
Dušan Dragosavac (; 1 December 1919 – 21 December 2014) was a former Yugoslav politician. He was a Serb from Croatia. He was the Chairman of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia from 20 October 1981 until 20 June 1982.
He died on 21 December 2014, aged 95.
Pope Eleuterus
Pope Eleuterus (??? − 189) was thirteenth Pope, the official title is the Bishop of Rome of the Catholic Church from c. 174 to his death in 189. He was born in Nicopolis, Epirus, Greece.
According to "Liber Pontificalis", they ascribe a decree to Pope Eleutherius that no kind of food should be despised by Christians (Et hoc iterum firmavit ut nulla esca a Christianis repudiaretur, maxime fidelibus, quod Deus creavit, quæ tamen rationalis et humana est).
Underground cable
An underground cable is a cable that is buried below the ground. They distribute electrical power or telecommunications. Such cables are an alternative to overhead cables, which are several meters above the ground. Overhead cables are often replaced with underground cables. Downtown areas with many tall buildings usually have few or no cables above ground, This is mainly for aesthetic purposes because underground cables can not be seen. They are also less dangerous to people because they are out of the way. They cost more to install, but last longer.
Pope Gelasius II
Pope Gelasius II (??? − 29 January 1119) was pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 24 January 1118 to his death in 29 January 1119.
He was born in Gaeta, Principality of Capua and died in Cluny, Duchy of Burgundy, Kingdom of France. He was ordained a priest on 9 March 1118 after he fled to Gaeta. He returned to Rome in July under Norman protection after he excommunicated Henry V and the antipope.
Hualien County
Hualien County () is a county in Taiwan. It is the largest county in Taiwan in terms of area. It is located on the mountainous eastern coast.
It contains the Port of Hualien. It is famous for tourism.
Kinmen
Kinmen (or Quemoy) is a small group of islands close to the coast of China. It is governed by the Republic of China (Taiwan). It forms a county, Kinmen County (), of Fujian Province. The capital is Jincheng Township.
The county is claimed by the People's Republic of China (PRC) as part of its own Fujian Province. It is very close to Xiamen, no more than 2 kilometres.
Matsu Islands
The Matsu Islands () are a small group of islands in the Taiwan Strait. There are 19 islands.
They are governed as a county of the Republic of China (ROC), Lienchiang County (). This county is part of Fujian Province. It is the smallest county in the ROC.
Cross-Strait relations
Cross-strait relations () is the relations between the governments of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC). Neither government recognises one another. Both officially use the One-China policy. Under this policy, there is only one legitimate government of China. Both the PRC and the ROC claim to be that government.
Cross-strait relations are not international relations, where matters are handled by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This is because both governments claim that each other's territory is part of their country. However, the relations are not purely domestic relations either.
Any interaction by the PRC's government with Taiwan is done by the Association of Relations Across the Taiwan Strait (ARATS). This is under the Taiwan Affairs Office of the PRC. Any interaction by the ROC's government with Mainland China is done by Strait Exchange Foundation (SEF) under the Mainland Affairs Council of the ROC.
The PRC's view is that Taiwan is part of PRC under the "One Country, Two Systems" () policy. This policy was introduced by Deng Xiaoping in 1984. The ROC's view is that Mainland China is part of the ROC under the "'One Country, Two Areas" () policy. This policy was introduced by Wu Po-hsiung in 2012.
However, currently both sides temporarily agree that both countries belong to One China. This was agreed under the "1992 consensus" () to facilitate cross-strait matters. The PRC regards Taiwan as part of the PRC, while the ROC regards Mainland China as part of the ROC.
Tainan Mosque
The Tainan Mosque () is a mosque in Tainan, Taiwan. It is the sixth mosque in Taiwan, and the first and only mosque in Tainan. The mosque was built in 1996.
A land was initially donated by an Chinese Muslim living in the United States to Taipei Grand Mosque. It was then transferred to Kaohsiung Mosque which managed the construction of the Tainan Mosque. Starting in 1983, they collected money for 10 years for the mosque construction, and the construction finally started in 1993 and the mosque was opened in 1996.
The mosque has four floors, which consists of prayer hall, shop, meeting room, ablution room and office.
At-Taqwa Mosque
The At-Taqwa Mosque () is a mosque in Dayuan Township, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. It is the seventh and latest mosque in Taiwan. The mosque was built in 2013.
The construction of the mosque was started by an Indonesian-Taiwanese couple who has an Indonesian shop around Dayuan. The couple purchased a land beside their shop to build a mosque. After collecting all of the money needed to make the mosque, the mosque was finally constructed and opened on 9 June 2013.
The establishment of the mosque shows that the number of Muslim is growing in Taiwan, where many of them work in factories, shops or houses. Many of those Muslims come from Indonesia. This can be considered as the fourth Muslim migration to Taiwan.
The mosque area is 130 square meter. It has three floors, where it consists of male prayer hall, female prayer hall, guess room, classes and dormitories.
Jamia Mosque
The Jamia Mosque or Shelley Street Mosque () is a mosque in Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. It is the first and oldest mosque in Hong Kong.
The original building of the mosque was built in 1890 during the British Hong Kong government as the Mohammedan Mosque on a piece of land rented by the government in 1850. In 1915, the building of the mosque was expanded and it was renamed to Jamia Mosque after World War II.
The mosque building is included into the Grade I Building in which it is considered as a historical building which needs to be protected and conserved.
Kowloon Mosque and Islamic Centre
The Kowloon Mosque and Islamic Centre () is a mosque and Islamic center in Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. It is the largest mosque and second mosque to be built in Hong Kong.
The original building of the mosque was built in 1896 at the site where the Tsim Sha Tsui police station now is located. The mosque served the Indian Muslim troops in British Hong Kong stationed at Whitfield Barracks. In the late 1970s, the mosque was relocated to its current site at Nathan Road by compensation given by MTR Corporation and donations from Muslims around Hong Kong.
The mosque was designed by architect I. M. Kadri. The building was designed with traditional Muslim architecture. The unique feature of this mosque are the four 11-meters-high minarets. There are three prayer halls, community hall, clinic and library. Around 3,500 people can fit into this mosque for prayer.
The mosque primarily serves the Hong Kong Muslims with origin from South Asia. Therefore, the most becomes an important place for the non-Chinese Muslims in Hong Kong.
Ammar Mosque and Osman Ramju Sadick Islamic Centre
The Ammar Mosque and Osman Ramju Sadick Islamic Centre () or Wan Chai Mosque is a mosque and Islamic center in Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. It is the third mosque in Hong Kong. The original building of the mosque was built in 1967.
The original building of the mosque was a small mosque besides a cemetery at 7 Seymore Street. In 1978, the mosque was relocated to a new place at Oi Kwan Road because the land was needed by the government to construct Aberdeen tunnel. The new mosque building was reopened on September 1981.
The mosque was designed by architect Ramju Sadick. The mosque has eight floors which consists of prayer hall, Chinese restaurant, bakery, clinic, classrooms, library and seminar room.
The mosque is the headquarter place for Incorporated Trustees of the Islamic Community Fund of Hong Kong (the main Islamic organization in Hong Kong) and the Hong Kong Islamic Youth Association.
Atoms for Peace (band)
Atoms for Peace is a band from California. They started in 2009. They did not have a name until February 2010. The members are Thom Yorke, Flea, Nigel Godrich, Joey Waronker, and Mauro Refosco. In February 2013, they released their first album, "Amok" on XL Recordings. The album charted at number 1 in nine countries. "Pitchfork" scored it 6.9/10.
Coal mining
Coal mining is the process of getting coal out of the ground. It is part of the mining industry. Coal is used as a resource for making electricity.
Surface mining is done when the coal is near the surface. Coal miners remove the soil above the coal. The coal can then be removed without the coal miners having to go deep underground..
Underground mining is when the coal is farther underground, making it too expensive to remove soil. In this process, coal miners and all of the coal mining equipment are brought deep underground and coal is carried up out of the ground. This is especially dangerous because of fires, explosions, and poison gas in coal mines.
Before coal can be used, it must be processed in a coal processing plant. It is made smaller using a sizer and crusher. Parts that might be harmful to any equipment which will use the coal later on, such as the screening for metallic parts inside the mined coal.
Coal is delivered to customers in several ways. Trucks, conveyors, trains and ships transport coal to be used in factories and power plants.
Mustafa Abdul Jalil
PJ Harvey
Polly Jean Harvey MBE (born 9 October 1969) is an English musician. She is best known for being a singer and guitarist. Her music is usually released under the name PJ Harvey. She plays lots of instruments as well as the guitar. These include piano, organ, bass, saxophone, harmonica, and most recently, the autoharp. She has a contralto singing range. In June 2013, she made a Member of the Order of the British Empire for her music.
Harvey was born in Bridport, Dorset, England. She grew up on a farm in Corscombe, Dorset.
In 1988, Harvey became a member of a band called Automatic Dlamini. The band was started by John Parish in 1983. She left it in January 1991. This was to make her own band with Rob Ellis and Steve Vaughan. The band was called the PJ Harvey Trio.
Their first extended play was "Dress". In March 1992, she released her first album with them on Too Pure Records. It was called "Dry". It entered the UK Albums Chart at number 3. It got good reviews. The album's first single, "50ft Queenie", was released in April 1992.
The PJ Harvey Trio's second album "Rid of Me" was released by Island Records in May 1993. It reached number 27 in the UK Singles Chart. It was produced by Steve Albini and Head.
In August 1993, the band broke up.
In 1995, Harvey released her first album on her own, "To Bring You My Love". It is her best-selling album in the United States. Three singles were released from it. The album was produced by Harvey, Flood, and John Parish. Parish also played guitar, organ, drums, and percussion on it.
In 1996, she released an album with John Parish. It was called "Dance Hall at Louse Point". That year she also sung on two songs called "Death is Not the End" and "Henry Lee" on Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds' album "Murder Ballads". "Henry Lee" was released as a single.
In 1998, she released "Is This Desire?". The reviews it got from critics were not as good as for "To Bring You My Love". However, "Is This Desire?"'s first single "A Perfect Day Elise" was Harvey's best-selling single in the UK so far. The album was nominated for Best Alternative Music Performance. Parish played guitar and keyboards on it. Harvey produced the album with Flood and Head.
Harvey acted in the 1998 movie "The Book of Life" and a short movie called "A Bunny Girl's Tale".
On 23 October 2000, "Stories from the City, Stories from the Sea" was released. In won the 2001 Mercury Prize. It is PJ Harvey's best-selling album in the UK so far. Thom Yorke is on three of the songs. In 2005 Rolling Stone put it at number 431 in their list Greatest Albums of All Time. The album's third single "This Is Love" was nominated for Best Rock Album and Best Female Rock Performance at the Grammy Awards.
Harvey's sixth album "Uh Huh Her" was released in 2004. In 2007 a band started called Uh Huh Her. They got their name from the album's title.
In 2007, "White Chalk" was released. Parish played instruments on it and sang. Harvey produced the album with Flood and Parish. Harvey released three singles from the album.
Harvey released her second album with John Parish, "A Woman a Man Walked By", in 2009.
"Let England Shake" was released in 2011. It got good reviews. "Pitchfork" gave it 8.8/10. It won the 2011 Mercury Prize. Two singles were released from it. John Parish plays instruments on it.
Mallika Sherawat
Yeah Yeah Yeahs is an indie rock band from New York City. They are two boys, Nick Zinner and Brian Chase, and one girl, Karen O. Karen O is the singer. They started in the world of music in 2000. In 2009 a second guitarist, David Pajo, joined the band and replaced Imad Wasif. They have four albums, which are: "Fever to Tell", the first, "Show Your Bones", the second, "It's Blitz!", the third, and the fourth, "Mosquito". They play different genres of music: alternative rock, indie rock, art punk, dance punk and post punk revival. They were nominated to the Grammy Awards on 3 occasions: "Fever to tell", "Show your bones" and "It’s blitz!". And they have had 7 nominations to the MTV Awards for three of their works: "Maps" in 2004, "Heads will roll" in 2009 and "Sacrilege" in 2013.
Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford
Collateral (movie)
Passenger name record
Passenger name record is the name for a set of data in a database, which contains the path a passenger travelling with one or more airlines takes. In some cases, groups of people travelling together are stored in the same passenger name record. Passenger details often contain more information than that which is strictly necessary. Additional information stored includes the gender of the passenger, if the passenger is part of a frequent flyer programme, details about the ticket, or if the passenger has special meal requirements - for example vegetarian.
United States–European Union Agreement on Passenger Name Records.
On January 16, 2004, the Article 29 Working Party released their "Opinion 1/2004 (WP85)" on the level of PNR protection ensured in Australia for the transmission of Passenger Name Record data from airlines.
In 2010 the European Commission's Directorate-General for Justice, Freedom and Security was split in two. The resulting bodies were the Directorate-General for Justice (European Commission) and the Directorate-General for Home Affairs (European Commission).
On the 4th of May 2011, Stefano Manservisi, Director-General at the Directorate-General for Home Affairs (European Commission) wrote to the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) with regards to a PNR sharing agreement with Australia, a close ally of the US and signatory to the UKUSA Agreement on signals intelligence.
The EDPS responded on the 5th of May in "Letter 0420 D845":
The Article 29 Working Party document "Opinion 1/2005 on the level of protection ensured in Canada for the transmission of Passenger Name Record and Advance Passenger Information from airlines (WP 103)", 19 January 2005, offers information on the nature of PNR agreements with Canada.
In India PNR is used by Indian Railway as Passenger Name Record Usually Travelers need it to check their confirmation of their seats. It is a 10 Digit Number which has to be entered on website for checking PNR Status.
David Karp (born July 6, 1986) is an American entrepreneur who started the website Tumblr in 2007. He sold the website to Yahoo! for US$1.1 billion in 2013. He was born in New York City. He started learning HTML when he was 11. When he was 15 he stopped going to high school. He was taught at home instead. In 2013, "Forbes" said that Karp's net worth is more than $200 million. His cultural and ethnic background is Jewish.
Kwame Kilpatrick
John of Damascus
Saint John of Damascus ( 675 or 676 – 4 December 749) was a Christian leader from Damascus. He was a monk and a priest (a Christian preacher). He was born and raised in Damascus, which is today the capital of the country of Syria. He died in the Jerusalem in Palestine, at the Mar Saba monastery.
John of Damascus studied religion. He also studied law, theology, philosophy and music. He is said by some sources to have served as a Chief Administrator to the Muslim caliph of Damascus before he became a priest. He wrote works about Christianity. He composed hymns that are still used by Greek Orthodox churches around the world. He is considered "the last of the Fathers" of the Eastern Orthodox church. He is best known for arguing to let people use pictures of Greek Orthodox saints, which are called "icons". He is also honored by Catholic churches, specifically the Roman Catholic Church.
Pope Leo IV
Pope Saint Leo IV (790 – 17 July 855) was pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 10 April 847 until he died in 855.
He was born in Rome. He died in Rome on 17 July 855 and was buried in St. Peter's Basilica. There was a medieval tradition that had claimed that a woman, Pope Joan, had succeeded him by disguising herself as a man but she is believed to be fictitious.
Rosamund Pike
Rosamund Pike (born 27 January 1979) is an English actress. She became known in the 2002 movie "Die Another Day" in which she played the Bond girl Miranda Frost. She also played Helen in the 2012 melodrama movie "Jack Reacher". Pike was born in London.
Pope John XV
Pope John XV (??? − March 996) was pope of the Roman Catholic Church from August 985 to his death in 996.
He was born in Rome, Papal States and died in March 996 in Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire.
During his time as pope, there was a dispute that arose over the deposition in 991 of Arnulf, Archbishop of Reims. Arnulf was made archbishop of Reims in 988 by Hugh Capet of France. Arnulf was the nephew of the King's bitter rival, Charles of Lorraine and considered Arnulf a turncoat. He demanded his deposition by John XV. Hugh Capet captured both Charles and Archbishop Arnulf and convoked a synod at Reims in June 991. He deposed Arnulf and chose as his successor Abbot Gerbert of Aurillac who would later be known as Pope Silvester II.
At the synod, Arnulf, Bishop of Orléans accused John XV:
Die Another Day is a 2002 British action thriller spy movie. It is about James Bond going across North Korea trying to get redemption. Pierce Brosnan plays James Bond and Rosamund Pike plays the double agent Miranda Frost. The movie got negative reviews. The box office of the movie, however, was positive. The movie was released in November 2002.
Black Friday is the day after Thanksgiving in the United States. Even though it falls on a Friday, which is the last day before the weekend, and comes right after Thanksgiving Thursday, it is not a federal holiday. There are some states, however, that observe this day instead of Columbus Day for workers of the state government.
The name "Black Friday" started to be used sometime after World War II, but it was not popular outside of Philadelphia until around 1975
Many Americans see Black Friday as the official beginning of the Christmas holiday season, a time when many people go shopping for gifts to give to their family and friends on Christmas Day. On Black Friday, many stores have big sales, and it is common to see long lines of people waiting outside stores and in malls to get the best deals first before they run out. Because of this, stores usually open around 6 am in the morning or later. Some stores, though, started opening at 5 am and even 4 am in the late 20th century. Now, a few stores even open at midnight. Shoppers like to stay out all day to get what they need, making Black Friday the busiest shopping day of the year.
On the first Monday after the long weekend is Cyber Monday, when many people go online shopping.
Lions in heraldry
Lions appear in heraldry more often than any other animal. It traditionally symbolises bravery, valour, strength, and royalty.
They may appear as a charge on the shield or as a crest. They are described in the "blazon" (heraldic description) by their "tincture" (color) and "attitude" (position). Sometimes the teeth and claws of a lion can be colored differently from the rest of its body; it is said to be "armed" of that color (e.g. "A lion Or armed gules" is a gold lion with red teeth and claws). Sometimes the tail is even described, if it is shown in an unusual way. One reason why lions are shown in so many different ways is because when heraldry developed, a lot of people wanted a lion on their coat of arms, but no two coats of arms can be the same. The purpose of heraldry in the Middle Ages was to identify people with bold images over the outside of their armour. Since a lot of people started putting lions on their coats of arms, they placed them in a lot of different positions and in every color used in heraldry. In France and Germany, they even made patterns of colors on some of their lions, as if they were painted.
French heralds refer to lions in the walking positions as "leopards", but this term is seldom used by British heralds.
Although there are many "attitudes" or positions now used in heraldry, very few of these were known to medieval heralds, who simply wanted to draw a lion to fill the space provided on the shield. The following table describes the different attitudes of heraldic lions:
Other terms are used to describe the lion's position in further detail. The lion's head is normally seen in agreement with the overall position, (facing left) unless otherwise stated. If a lion's "whole body" is turned to face right, he is "to sinister" or "contourné". If his "whole body" faces the viewer, he is "affronté". If his "head only" faces the viewer he is "guardant" or "gardant", and if he looks back over his shoulder (body facing left but head turned to face right) he is "regardant". These words follow the main description of position, and then the lion is further described as "armed" (teeth and claws) of another color, if another color is used. And finally, the tail may be described if it is unusual. A lion (or other beast) "coward" carries its tail between its hind legs. The tail also may be "nowed" (knotted), or the lion may be "queue fourchée" (forked tail) or "double-queued" (two tails).
Monkwearmouth–Jarrow Abbey
Monkwearmouth–Jarrow was a combination of two English monasteries run as a single community. Both were founded by Benedict Biscop. Monkwearmouth, built first, was a magnificent example of the Roman style of architecture. It housed one of the first stained glass works in England. Jarrow became the center of Anglo-Saxon learning in the north of England and contained the largest library in Anglo-Saxon England. Bede, the great Anglo-Saxon scholar, studied, taught and wrote there. The sister Anglo-Saxon monasteries were the UK nomination for World Heritage Site status in 2011.
In 674 Benedict Biscop, a Northumbrian nobleman, built a monastery known as Monkwearmouth. Egfrith, King of Northumbria gave him fifty hides of land at the mouth of the River Wear. This monastery would be dedicated to Saint Peter and came to be called St. Peter's at Monkwearmouth. Benedict wanted his monastery to be a center of both learning and religion. Benedict used Frankish stonemasons who he brought over to England to construct the monastery. Monkwearmouth was the first (and Jarrow the second) church structures to be built of stone in England. Benedict them brought over glassmakers from Frankia to fit the windows of the church and chapels with fine stained glass. They established a workshop there at Monkwearwolf. Within a year the monastery was completed. In 678 a letter from Pope Agatho exempted the monastery from external control. Benedict got all the , sacred vessels, decorations and . Some he found locally while others he bought in Francia and Rome. In 682 King Egfrith gave another forty hides of land to Benedict for a second monastery. It was to be at the mouth of the River Trent at Jarrow. The dedication ceremony for Jarrow abbey was held on 23 April 685. Named for Saint Paul when the sister monastery was completed Benedict assigned Ceolfrith to the abbot. Bede, who was about ten years old at the time, was one of the monks who went with him. King Egfrid, who was at the dedication, died in battle against the Picts less than a month later. The two sister abbeys, only seven miles apart, were thought of as one.
The library that Benedict started made it possible for Bede to write his works including his famous "Ecclesiastical History of the English People".information from. There wasn't another library like it in England. By the time of his death in 689 Benedict had completed four trips to Rome and the south and brought back large collections of books each time. The full extent of Bede's work would still not be possible if not for Ceolfrid, the fourth abbot. He doubled the size of the library left by Benedict Biscop.
The at Monkwearmouth-Jarrow was kept very busy. There was a growing demand for copies of bibles, books, documents and especially the works of Bede. Requests came in from other parts of England and the . Works from the scriptorium would be found in Leningrad, Rome, and other parts of Europe. Under increasing requests for its products, the Monkwearmouth-Jarrow scriptorium adopted a faster script style used in later works.
In 794, just a year after the Vikings sacked Lindisfarne, the Vikings attacked Monkwearmouth and Jarrow. The flames were so hot the glass was melted. Both sites were abandoned for a time. Their location on the coast of Northumbria made them easy targets for Viking raids. The twin monasteries were rebuilt. Unlike many old ruins that disappear over time, the old walls of Monkwearmouth and Jarrow can still be seen. They are next to or part of the modern buildings that replaced the original buildings built in 674 and 682.
Wrecking Ball (Miley Cyrus song)
"Wrecking Ball" is a song performed by Miley Cyrus. It was released on August 25, 2013. "Wrecking Ball" is a pop song which is about the ending of a relationship. It was thought to be inspired by Cyrus' former engagement to Australian actor Liam Hemsworth. "Wrecking Ball" was the Vevo record with most views in the first 24 hours after its release, and the record for being the fastest clip to reach 100 million views on the service. The record was broken in 2014 by Anaconda of Nicki Minaj.
Troublemaker (Olly Murs song)
Green Acres
Green Acres is an American sitcom that was produced by Filmways and released by Orion Pictures (now Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer). "Green Acres" stars Eddie Albert and Eva Gabor as a couple who move from New York City to a rural country farm in the fictional community of Hooterville. The show also had supporting roles by Tom Lester, Frank Cady, Pat Buttram, Alvy Moore, Hank Patterson, Barbara Pepper, and several others. "Green Acres" is a sister show to "Petticoat Junction" which also takes place in Hooterville.
"Green Acres" was created by Jay Sommers who was also a writer and executive producer for "Petticoat Junction". The idea of "Green Acres" came from a radio show which Sommers directed and produced. The series was first broadcast on CBS on September 15, 1965, and was canceled on April 27, 1971. During its run, "Green Acres" had six seasons with a total of 170 episodes.
Main characters
Supporting characters
Characters from "Petticoat Junction"
Hal Linden
Hal Linden (born Harold Lipshitz; March 20, 1931 in New York City, New York) is an American stage and screen actor, television director and musician. Linden is known for his role as Cpt. Barney Miller in "Barney Miller". He won two special Daytime Emmy Awards and a Tony Award. Linden is the spokesman for the Jewish National Fund, a position he has held since 1997.
Theodore Kaczynski
Theodore John "Ted" Kaczynski (born May 22, 1942 in Evergreen Park, Illinois) is an American mathematician who was known as The Unabomber. Between 1978 and 1995, Kaczynski engaged in a nationwide bombing campaign against people involved with modern technology, planting or mailing numerous home-made bombs, ultimately killing a total of three people and injuring 23 others.
Kaczynski was born and raised in Evergreen Park, Illinois, a Chicago suburb. Kaczynski was accepted to Harvard University at the age of 16. He earned an undergraduate degree. He then earned a PhD in mathematics from the University of Michigan. He became an assistant professor at the University of California, Berkeley in 1967 at age 25. He resigned two years later.
In 1971, he moved to a cabin without electricity or running water, in Lincoln, Montana. He lived there while learning survival skills. From 1978 to 1995, Kaczynski sent 16 bombs to targets including universities and airlines, killing three people and injuring 23.
Kaczynski sent a letter to The New York Times on April 24, 1995. He promised "to desist from terrorism" if the Times or the Washington Post published his stories about his killing spree.
Kaczynski was arrested in his cabin on April 3, 1996. His brother, David, called the police so that they could arrest him. He pleaded guilty for his crimes on January 22, 1998. He is an inmate of ADX Florence, Fremont County, Colorado.
Opposing Viewpoints series
Evergreen Park, Illinois
Evergreen Park is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It is a suburb of Chicago. The population was 19,852 at the 2010 census. Serial killer Theodore Kaczynski was born here in 1942 and Playboy model Jenny McCarthy was also born here in 1972.
Price Tower
Imperial Hotel, Tokyo
The Imperial Hotel, Tokyo is a hotel in Tokyo. It was built in the late 1880s at the request of the Japanese aristocracy to increase Western visitors to Japan. It was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. The hotel site is located just south of the Imperial Palace grounds, next to the previous location of the Palace moat.
The modern hotel overlooks the Palace, the western-style Hibiya Park, and the Ginza neighborhood. Three buildings have stood on the hotel site, each of which embodied the finest western design of its era. The hotel eventually slipped into decay as time took its toll. In a controversial decision, it was decided to demolish the old hotel and replace it with a high-rise structure, to maximize the use of land.
Yury Yakovlev
Yury Vasilyevich Yakovlev (25 April 1928 – 30 November 2013) was a Russian movie and stage actor. Yakovlev appeared in over 100 Russian-language movies.
His most popular movies include; "The Irony of Fate", "Anna Karenina", "", and in "Hussar Ballad". He has won many awards throughout his career including Russia's highest civilian honor the Order of Lenin.
Yakovlev was born on 25 April 1928 in Moscow, Soviet Union. He studied at the Vakhtangov Theatre. Yakovlev was married three times. He had one son, Anton. Yakovlev now lived in Moscow, Russia.
Yakovlev felt ill in early morning of 29 November 2013. He soon fainted in his home. He was rushed to a Moscow hospital where he died there on 30 November 2013 from heart failure, aged 85.
Arnold Peralta
Arnold Peralta (29 March 1989 – 10 December 2015) was a Honduran football player. He played as a defensive midfielder for C.D.S. Vida, Rangers F.C. and Olimpia. He also played for the Honduras national football team. He represented Honduras in seven FIFA World Cup qualification games.
Peralta was shot dead sixteen times by an unknown gunman on 10 December 2015 in his hometown of La Ceiba, aged 26.
Fujian Province, Republic of China
Fujian Province or Fukien Province () is a province of the Republic of China. The capital of the province is Jincheng Township in Kinmen County.
Palais Royal
The Palais Royal is a building in Paris. It was once a palace of the French royal family. It was built in the 1630s by Cardinal Richelieu to hold his art collection. When Richelieu died in 1642, it became the property of the young King Louis XIV. It was successively the property of the Dukes of Orléans and later Marie Antoinette before being destroyed in 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War.
From 1649, the exiled Henrietta Maria of France and her daughter Princess Henrietta lived here. The two had escaped England during the English Civil War. They were sheltered here by King Louis XIV, who was Henrietta Maria's nephew.
In 1692, when the Duke of Chartres (future Regent of France) married Françoise Marie de Bourbon, the King gave the Palais Royal to his brother, Philippe of France, Duke of Orléans, ""Monsieur"".
Louis Philippe I, future King of the French, was born here. He was the son of the young Philippe Égalité and his wife Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon.
Louise Henriette de Bourbon also died here. She was married to Louis Philippe, Duke of Orléans. The future Louis Philippe I was also born here.
Julia Serano
Julia Serano (born 1967 as Thomas L. Serano) is a transsexual American writer, biologist, musician, poet, and activist. She lives in Oakland, California. In 2007 her first full-length book Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity" was published by Seal Press. In October 2013 was published. Her essays have also been published on websites and in magazines and books about feminism.
Serano did a PhD in biochemistry and molecular biophysics at Columbia University. Serano worked at UC Berkeley as a researcher for seventeen years.
She was a member of the indie rock band Bitesize.
Serano is a feminist. She is bisexual.
For years she was a crossdresser. She wore clothes made for women but still called herself a man. In 1998 Serano moved to the San Francisco Bay Area. There she met her wife Dani. Around this time Serano started identifying as bigender and transgender. In 2001 she started identifying as a trans woman. She calls herself a "femme tomboy".
In 2002 made a chapbook called "Either/Or". In 2004 she made a chapbook called "Draw Blood".
In 2005 Serano made a chapbook called "On the Outside Looking In: A Trans Woman's Perspective on Feminism and the Exclusion of Trans Women from Lesbian and Women-only Spaces".
Serano's first book "Whipping Girl" talks about transmisogyny. Transmisogyny is a word that Serano uses to talk about a kind of misogyny (woman-hating) that is experienced by trans women. "Whipping Girl" has updated versions of three of the four essays in "On the Outside Looking In".
In her second book "Excluded", Serano wrote about how feminist and queer movements have left out transgender women, feminine people, bisexuals, sex workers, and others.
In both of her books Serano talks about how gender is not a performance.
Judith Butler
Judith Butler (born February 24, 1956) is an American philosopher. She was born in Ohio. She got her PhD in philosophy from Yale University in 1984. She lives in Berkeley, California, with her partner Wendy Brown. In 1990 her book "Gender Trouble" was published by Routledge. It is considered an important work in modern feminism. In the book Butler talks about her theory of gender performativity, which is that gender, along with sex and sexuality, is something you "perform" rather than an expression of human biology. In other politics, she has supported Palestine and the Democratic Party, including Hillary Clinton and Kamala Harris.
Butler was born in Ohio and went to Hebrew school. She studied at Bennington College in the 70s before moving on to study philosophy at Yale University.
Melissa Harris-Perry
Melissa Victoria Harris-Perry (born October 2, 1973) is an American television host and writer. She hosts a television programme on MSNBC called "Melissa Harris-Perry".
She got a Ph.D. in political science from Duke University in 1999. That year she married Dennis Lacewell. She divorced him in 2005. She is a professor of political science at Tulane University. In 2004 her first book "Barbershops, Bibles, and BET: Everyday Talk and Black Political Thought" was published. In 2011 Yale Press published Perry's book "Sister Citizen: Shame, Stereotypes, and Black Women in America".
Enrico Letta (born 20 August 1966) was the Prime Minister of Italy (head of government) from 2013 to 2014. Previously, he had also been a member of several Italian governments, as of 1998. In April 2015 he announced that he was not going to be a professional politician anymore, and that he wanted to concentrate on academia.
He was born in Pisa, Tuscany. He is married to Gianna Fregonara and has 3 children.
Chancellor, South Dakota
Chancellor is a town in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Turner County, and 264 people lived there at the 2010 census. Chancellor was started in 1886.
Prime Minister of Italy
The Prime Minister of Italy, officially President of the Council of Ministers, is the head of government of Italy. Giuseppe Conte became Prime Minister on 1 June 2018. The one before him was Paolo Gentiloni.
Davis, South Dakota
Davis is a town in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Turner County, and 85 people lived there at the 2010 census. Davis became a town in 1896.
Dolton, South Dakota
Dolton is a town in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Turner County, and 37 people lived there at the 2010 census. Dolton became a town in 1909.
Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport
Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport , is a major airport in the United States. It is in the Detroit area and serves all the city. It is one of the busiest airports in the United States and gets many passengers. It has many international and domestic destinations. It is one of Delta Airlines biggest airport hubs after Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport in Atlanta. It is also a hub of Spirit Airlines. Its many destinations include cities in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia.
Korean Air is the flag carrier and largest airline of South Korea. Its headquarters are in Seoul. It has two hubs at both airports in Seoul, the major international airport Incheon International Airport and the smaller domestic airport Seoul Gimpo. Korean Air has planes from both Boeing and Airbus, including the Boeing 747 and Airbus 380. These fly to destinations all over the world, including places in Asia, Africa, Europe, South America, and North America.
Titanic II is a disaster-drama movie from 2010. It is not a sequel to the movie from 1997. Certain movie websites, however, say this movie may be a mock of the 1997 hit movie. The movie "Titanic II" is about the "SS Titanic II" luxury liner sent on a maiden voyage exactly 100 years after the original RMS "Titanic", except the "Titanic II" is operating in reverse opposite the original ship. The more recent ship exits New York City and heads to United Kingdom at Southampton. Like the earlier ship, however, she crashes into an iceberg killing most of the ship's passengers and crew. Only a handful of people survive. "Titanic II" was condemned by many critics as a rip-off of James Cameron's 1997 movie. The criticisms involved mostly plot and movie directions.
Brooke Burns
Brooke Burns (born March 16, 1978, though some sources cite 1977) is an American actress, fashion model and television personality She acts mostly in movies which are direct to video and in certain television programs. She starred as Jennifer Cullen in the television movie "The Most Wonderful Time of the Year" in 2008. Burns was born in Dallas, Texas.
Linacre College, Oxford
Botanical name
A botanical name is a formal scientific name which follows the "International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants" (ICN). If it concerns a plant cultigen, the additional cultivar term must follow the "International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants".