AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Surrogacy means getting pregnant and carrying a child for other persons/person who will become the child's parents\parent after their birth. Some reasons why people may look for surrogacy is if a single man wants a child, pregnancy is too much of a risk, or if a woman can't have children through their own pregnancy. The carrier of the children is called a surrogate mother.
It may or may not involve monetary arrangements between the surrogate and the biological parents. In some countries like China, Japan, Germany and France it is considered illegal. In Australia and New Zealand commercial surrogacy is an offence. India is the main destination for this as surrogacy here is cheaper.
Manicouagan crater
The Manicouagan crater is one of the oldest known impact craters. It is in the Côte-Nord region of Québec, Canada.
It was caused by the impact of a diameter asteroid about 215.5 million years ago, in the Upper Triassic.
The crater is a multiple-ring structure about across. Its inner ring is its most prominent feature. This is a diameter annular lake, the Manicouagan Reservoir, surrounding an inner island plateau. It is the earth's fifth largest confirmed impact crater.
The Manicouagan crater may have been part of a multiple impact event which also formed the Rochechouart crater in France, Saint Martin crater in Manitoba, Obolon' crater in Ukraine, and Red Wing crater in North Dakota. The five craters form a chain, indicating the breakup and subsequent impact of an asteroid or comet, like the impacts of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter in 1994.
Laser argon-argon dating of the glass formed by the impacts, and stratigraphic evidence, support an age of 215 ± 25 Myr. The impact locations have moved large distances in the intervening 214 million years. Three of the craters—Rochechouart, Manicouagan and Saint Martin—formed a chain at latitude 22.8° N, while Obolon' and Red Wing lay on identical declination paths with Rochechouart and Saint Martin respectively. All of the craters had previously been known and studied, but their paleoalignment had never before been demonstrated. The chance that these craters could be aligned like this due to chance are nearly zero.
−1 (number)
In mathematics, −1 is the additive inverse of 1. That is, if it is added to 1, the result is 0. It is the negative integer greater than negative two (−2) and less than 0.
Negative one has some similar properties as positive one. But some are different.
Negative one is related to Euler's identity. This is because the identity states formula_1
In computer science, −1 is a common initial value for integers. It is also used to show that a variable has no useful information.
Multiplying a number by −1 is the same as changing the sign on the number. This can be proved using the distributive law and the axiom at 1 is the multiplicative identity, that is, a number multiplied by 1 is the number itself. So, for x real, we have
where we used the fact that 0 multiplied by any real number x equals 0, shown by cancellation from the equation
In other words,
so (−1) · "x" or −"x" is the arithmetic inverse of "x".
The square of −1, i.e. −1 multiplied by −1, equals 1. So, a square of negative real numbers is positive.
To prove this with algebra, start with the equation
The first equality follows from the above result. The second follows from the definition of −1 as additive inverse of 1, that is, when added to 1, it gives 0. Now, using the distributive law, we see that
The second equality follows from the fact that 1 is a multiplicative identity, that is : formula_7. But now adding 1 to both sides of this last equation means
The above arguments hold in any ring. Ring is a concept of abstract algebra generalizing integers and real numbers.
The complex number "i" satisfies "i" = −1. So it is a square root of −1. The only other complex number "x" for which the equation "x" = −1 holds is −"i". In the algebra of quaternions, which has the complex plane, the equation "x" = −1 has an infinity of solutions.
A non-zero real number can have a negative number as its power. We define that "x" = 1/"x". This means a number raised to a power of −1 is equal to the reciprocal of that number. The exponential law "x""x" = "x" for a,b non-zero real numbers is true even if a or b is negative.
There are many ways that −1 (and negative numbers in general) can be represented in computer systems. The most common is as two's complement of their positive form. In standard binary representation, this can also represent a positive integer.
List of iCarly episodes
Below is a list of episodes of U.S. sitcom "iCarly" by Nickelodeon. It premiered on September 8, 2007. Nickelodeon promoted many episodes including "iDo", "iHire an Idiot", "iPity the Nevel", "iDate Sam & Freddie", etc. as specials, despite them being regular episodes.
Japanese saw
The Japanese saw or is a type of saw used in woodworking. The saw cuts on the pull stroke (when the saw is pulled backwards), unlike many Western saws which cut on the push stroke (when the saw is pushed forward).
There are several types of Japanese saws:
MD5 is a special algorithm, a mathematical process, used to make computer information secure and safe. MD5 stands for Message Digest, and was made to replace the MD4 standard.
It is mainly used for security in database systems. The algorithm generates a unique hash code for every piece of data (strings, text etc.). Any change to the data, either deliberate or accidental, will mean the hash code will also change. By comparing the codes, it is easy to see if a change has been made. MD5 was invented by Ron Rivest of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1991. An MD5 hash code provides a 32-digit hexadecimal number. By 1996, methods were developed to break the security of an MD5 algorithm. This was done by getting another program to make the same hash number for different sets of data. MD5 is no longer considered acceptable for protecting against intentional malicious changes to data, but it is still considered OK to protect from accidental changes, for example single-bit changes caused by noise on a network connection. An MD5 hash could look like: 9c677286866aad38f8e9b660f5411814. This is the hash of the string "Wikipedia".
List of rivers of the Philippines
This is a list of rivers in the Philippines:
List of rivers of Poland
Following is a list of rivers, which are at least partially in Poland.
List of rivers of Portugal
List of rivers of Puerto Rico
This is a list of rivers in Puerto Rico.
List of rivers of Romania
This is the list of longest rivers of Romania which entirely or partially flow through Romania.
The length represents only the part of the river that flows in Romania.
Pimenta might mean:
Tōsandō
"Tōsandō" was one of the main circuits of the "Gokishichidō" system. It was first established during the Asuka period. Over centuries, the government functions of the "Gokishichido" became less important. However, the traditional eight regions, including "Tōsandō", remained cultural markers.
"Tōsandō" is in the central mountains of northern Honshū. It is made of eight ancient provinces, including
After 711, Tōsandō was understood to include Musashi province.
The lands of many prefectures are in the region of "Tōsandō": Akita, Aomori, Fukushima, Fiu, Gunma, Iwate, Miyagi, Nagano, Shiga and Tochigi prefectures.
Mass Gathering Medicine
Mass Gathering Medicine is a field of medicine which deals with health effects/risks of mass gatherings, that generate a higher incidence of injury and illness, may be the subject to a catastrophic accident or attack with large numbers of injured or dead persons.
Such factors as the weather, duration of the event, movement of the crowd, containment of the event (fenced/contained or not), availability of alcohol/drugs, the density of the crowd et al., possibility for spreading of communicable diseases all influence the health care at mass gatherings.
Purposes of Mass Gathering Medical Services at an event are: rapid access to the injured or ill patients, effective stabilizing and transporting injured or ill patients, on-site care for minor injuries and illnesses. Mass gathering medicine support requires planning.
The World Health Organization supports Member States hosting mass gatherings.
List of rivers of Russia
Russia can be divided into a European and an Asian part. The dividing line is generally considered to be the Ural Mountains and the Caspian Sea. The European part is drained into the Arctic Ocean, Baltic Sea, Black Sea and Caspian Sea. My pepe is drained into the Arctic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.
Notable rivers of Russia in Europe are the Volga, Don, Kama, Oka and the Northern Dvina.
In Asia, important rivers are the Ob, Irtysh, Yenisey, Angara River, Lena, Amur, Yana, Indigirka and Kolyma.
In the list below, the rivers are grouped by the seas or oceans into which they flow.
There is list by letter of rivers at the end of this article.
The rivers in this section are sorted east to west.
Abakan, Alazeya, Aldan, Aley, Amga, Amur, Anabar, Anadyr, Angara River, Angrapa, Anyuy (Kolyma), Anyuy (Amur), Argun, Avacha, Barguzin, Bashkaus, Belaya, Berezayka, Bityug, Biya, Bolshaya Belaya, Bureya, Chagoda, Chebdar, Cheptsa, Chernaya, Chulym (Ob), Chulyshman, Chusovaya, Daugava/Western Dvina, Dep, Desna, Dnieper/Dnipro, Don, (Seversky) Donets, Dubna
Ilek, Indigirka, Ingoda, Instruch, Iokanga, Irkut, Irtysh, Iset, Ishim, Istra, Izhora, Kama, Kamchatka, Kashinka, Kasplya, Katanga, Katun, Kazanka, Kerzhenets, Ket, Khatanga, Kheta, Khopyor, Kirenga, Klyazma, Kolva (Usa), Kolva (Vishera), Kolyma, Kondurcha, Kosovka, Kosovoy, Kostroma, Kotorosl, Kotuy, Krasnaya River, Kuban, Kubr, Kuma, Kunya, Laba, Lama, Lava/Łyna, Lena, Lovat, Lower Tunguska, Luga
Malka, Manych, Maya, Mezen, Mga, Miass, Mius, Moksha, Mologa, Moskva, Msta, Mulyanka, Nadym, Nara, Narva, Neglinnaya, Nemunas/Neman, Nercha, Nerl (Klyazma), Nerl (Volga), Neva, Niva, Northern Dvina, Nyuya, Ob, Oka (Volga), Oka (Angara River), Olenyok, Olyokma, Om, Omolon, Onega, Onon, Oredezh, Osuga, Oyat, Pakhra, Pasha, Parabel, Pechora, Pinega, Pissa, Plava, Podkamennaya Tunguska, Podkumok, Pola, Polist, Polota, Ponoy, Pra, Pregolya, Protva, Pur, Pyasina, Ravan, Ruza, Sakmara, Sal, Samara, Seim, Selemdzha, Selenga, Sestra River (Leningrad Oblast), Sestra River (Dubna), Šešupė, Setun, Sheksna, Shelon, Shilka, Shosha, Sudost, Sukhona, Sura, Svir, Sviyaga, Syas, Sylva
Tavda, Tara, Taz, Terek, Tetere, Teza, Tigoda, Tobol, Tom (Ob), Tom (Zeya), Tosna, Tsna River (Moksha basin), Tsna River (Mstino Lake basin), Tumen, Tura, Turukhan, Tvertsa, Tym, Tyung, Uda (Buryatia), Uda (Khabarovsk Krai), Ufa, Uftyuga, Ugra, Unzha, Upa, Upper Angara River, Ural, Usa, Ussuri, Uver, Uzola, Vaga, Vakh, Valdayka, Varzuga, Vasyugan, Velikaya, Vetluga, Vilyuy, Vishera (Volkhov), Vishera (Vychegda), Vishera (Kama), Vitim, Volchya (Vuoksi), Volga, Volkhov, Vologda, Voronezh, Voronya, Vuoksi, Vyatka, Vyazma, Vychegda, Vytegra, Yana, Yauza, Yegoshikha, Yomtsa, Yenisei, Yug, Yuryuzan, Zeya
List of rivers of Rwanda
This is a list of streams and rivers in Rwanda
Kagera River
Ruzizi River
List of rivers of Saint Kitts and Nevis
List of rivers of Saint Lucia
List of rivers of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
List of rivers of Serbia
This is a list of the major rivers of Serbia.
The lengths in the table present the overall lengths of the rivers, not just the Serbian parts of the flow.
List of rivers of Sierra Leone
This is a list of rivers in Sierra Leone
Kolenté River
Little Scarcies River
Mano River - Moa River
Rokel River
Sierra Leone River
List of rivers of Singapore
Administrator of the Northern Territory
The Administrator of the Northern Territory is the person selected by the Governor-General of Australia to act as the governor of the Northern Territory of Australia. The selection of Administrator is made by the Governor-General-in-Council, that is, the Governor-General acting on the "advice" of the Australian government, not the advice of the Government of the Northern Territory.
The Northern Territory became self-governing on 1 July 1978. Now the Governor-General-in Council accepts a "recommendation" from the Northern Territory Government. Unlike an Australian State Governor, the Administrator does not represent the Queen in the Territory. They represent the Governor-General who is the Queen's representative in the Commonwealth. The Administrator's role is to govern the Territory under the law which gave it self-government. The Administrator's constitutional role is almost the same as a State Governor and can be considered the Queen's "indirect" representative in the Territory.
The office of the "Deputy of the Administrator" was created in 1997.
The present Administrator is Sally Thomas, AM.
The Northern Territory was part of South Australia from 1846 to 1912. The administrator was known as the Government Resident.
The Australian government took over control of the Northern Territory in 1912.
There was an experiment having an extra Government Resident (Central Australia) in Alice Springs based at The Residency. Alice Springs was known as Stuart Town from 1888 to 1933.
The office of the "Deputy of the Administrator" was established in 1997.
Spring bud
Spring bud is the color that used to be called "spring green" before the X11 web color spring green was formulated in 1987 when the X11 colors were first invented. This color is now called "spring bud" to avoid confusion with the web color.
The color spring bud is also called soft spring green or spring green (traditional).
The first written use of "spring green" as a color name in English (meaning the color that is now called "spring bud") was in 1766.
List of rivers of Slovakia
This is a list of the major rivers that flow through Slovakia and their lengths.
List of rivers of Slovenia
This is a list of rivers of Slovenia. This list is arranged by where the river drains.
Septicemic plague
Septicemic (or septicaemic) plague is a deadly blood infection. It is one of the three main forms of plague (the other two being the bubonic and penumonic). It is caused by the bacterium "Yersinia pestis".
Septicemic plague can cause the blood to form small clots through the body. Without treatment it is almost always fatal. The death rate in medieval times was 99-100 percent. Septicemic plague is the rarest of the three plagues that struck Europe in 1348, the other forms are bubonic and pneumonic plague. This disease is caused mainly by the bite of an infected rodent or insect. In rare cases it can also enter the body through an opening in the skin or by cough from another infected human. In septicemic plague the bacteria grow quickly in the blood, causing severe sepsis. The endotoxins cause disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). This is tiny clots of blood throughout the body which stops the blood getting to some areas. This causes the cells in the area to die. DIC uses up the bodies ability to make blood clot, so that it can no longer control bleeding. This means there is bleeding into the skin and other organs, which can cause red and/or black patchy rash and coughing up or vomiting of blood (hemoptysis/haemoptysis). There are bumps on the skin that look somewhat like insect bites. These bumps are usually red, and sometimes white in the center. Early treatment with antibiotics reduces the death rate to between 4 and 15 percent. People that get this disease must receive treatment in at most 24 hours or they will die. In some cases, people may even die on the same day they get the disease.
Note: Septicemic plague may cause death before any symptoms occur
The septicemic plague was the least common of the three plagues that occurred from 1348 to 1350. Like the others, the septicemic plague spread from the East through trade routes on the Black Sea and down to the Mediterranean Sea. Major port cities such as Venice and Florence were hit the hardest. The three plagues that are part of the Black Death were a major factor in the Peasant's Revolt of 1381.
Google Health - Plague<br>
HowStuffWorks - "Septicemic Plague"
Tiziano Vecellio (sometimes his last name is given as "Vecelli", born around 1490, in Pieve di Cadore near Belluno, died 27 August 1576 in Venice) was a painter. His name in English is Titian. He was one of the leading painters of the 16th century Venetian school; he is also seen as one of the principal artists of High Renaissance painting of the 16th century. When he was alive, he was often called "Da Cadore", after his place of birth.
When he was active, the Republic of Venice had a Golden Age, and was well-off economically. Aged nine, Titian went to Venice. The brothers Gentile and Giovanni Bellini taught him how to paint. In 1513, he opened his own shop, and developed into a successful painter, known all over Europe. In 1533, Charles V made him a nobleman. He also obtained a job as a painter at the court of Charles V. In 1545, Pope Paul III invited him to come to Rome, in 1548 and 1550, Titian accompanied Charles V and his son, Philip II to the Diet of Augsburg. When Titian died of the Plague in the year 1576, he was an old man. He was also one of the most famous painters of Venetian history.
Titian was very productive: in total, he painted 676 works. He did portraits, landscapes, as well as themes from mythology and religious works. All his works are very colorful. This special use of color influenced other painters of the same period a great deal. His works influenced painters such as Peter Paul Rubens, Antoine Watteau and Eugène Delacroix.
Hamza Ben Driss Ottmani
Hamza Ben Driss Ottmani, born the 10th of May 1940 at Essaouira (Morocco, formerly Mogador),death the 30th of May 2012 in Rabat is a Moroccan economist and writer.
Aerospace engineer graduate from "École nationale de l'aviation civile" (the French civil aviation university ; promotion 1963) and economist graduate from "ENSAE ParisTech" (promotion 1973), Hamza Ben Driss Ottmani hold boarder positions in the Moroccan public administration.
He is best known as a writer. His work is largely focused on his hometown, Essaouira, which he often calls with it former name Mogador.
His first book, ""Une cité sous les alizés"" ("a city under the trade winds"), is an historical study of Mogador-Essaouira from prehistory to the World War II. Then he turned to fiction, but retaining a strong historical basis.
In ""Si Mogador m'était contée"" ("if Mogador could talk"), the old narrator, Lalla Aïcha, revives twenty stories from the ignored past of the city. ""Le Soldat qui venait de Mogador"" ("The soldier who came from Mogador") tells the story of the trip to Mecca of Si Taieb El Ech Chiadmi Maskali, since 1912.
""Le Fils du Soleil"" ("Son of the Sun") is an historical novel which tells the amazing story of Mustapha Zemmouri, better known under the name Estevanico, Moroccan from Azemmour region, slave kidnapped by a Spanish man to America and became one of the first discoverers of Arizona and New Mexico.
Hamza Ben Driss Ottmani is award in 1997 by the "" Société de Géographie humaine de Paris"" ("humain geography society of Paris) with the "" prix René-Caillié"" ("René-Caillié award"). His book ""Le Fils du Soleil"" ("Son of the Sun") received in 2006 the ""Prix du Maroc du livre"" ("Morocco book award"), in creative writing category. His biography of Kaddour Benghabrit has been selected by the ""Prix Grand Atlas"" in 2011.
Ivan Vsevolozhsky
Prince Ivan Aleksandrovich Vsevolozhskii (Ivan Alexandrovich Vsevolozhsky; 2/14 April 183510/23 November 1909) was a Russian diplomat, theatre director, librettist, and designer. He served as Director of the Imperial Theatres for Saint Petersburg from 1886 to 1899. He commissioned Tchaikovsky to compose the ballets "The Sleeping Beauty" (1890) and "The Nutcracker" (1892). He wrote the libretti for both ballets with Marius Petipa. Vsevolozhsky designed costumes and scenery for 25 operas and ballets. In 1899, he was appointed Director of the Hermitage Museum. He remained in this post until his death in 1909.
Troy McClure
Troy McClure is a character in The Simpsons voiced by Phil Hartman. He first appeared in the episode "Homer vs. Lisa and the 8th Commandment". McClure is a washed-up actor, usually shown doing low-level work, such as hosting infomercials and educational movies. He appears as the central character in "A Fish Called Selma", in which he marries Selma Bouvier to protect his career from failing and quash rumors about his personal life. McClure also 'hosts' two episodes named "The Simpsons 138th Episode Spectacular" and "The Simpsons Spin-Off Showcase".
McClure was based on B movie actors Troy Donahue and Doug McClure as well as Hartman himself. Following Hartman's murder on May 28, 1998, the character no longer appeared on the show, making his final appearance in the tenth season in "Bart the Mother". McClure is often cited as one of the series' most popular characters; in 2006 IGN ranked him first on their list of the "Top 25 Simpsons Peripheral Characters".
Anton Graff
Anton Graff (18 Novembr 1736 - 22 June 1813) was a Swiss Female painter, of the period called Classicism. He mostly did portrait-painting, and was among the most important painters of his time. He knew how to capture the character of the people he painted. Anton Graff left many paintings of the people that were important during his time. In that sense, his paintings are historically significant.
Carolyn Mary Kleefeld
Carolyn Mary Kleefeld is an American artist and poet.
She has had numerous exhibitions and gallery and museum awards between 1981 and today in the major cities of the United States.
Since 1981, Ms. Kleefeld has created several paintings and drawings, ranging from romantic figurative to abstract.
Kleefeld was born in Catford, England, and moved to Southern California when she was a child. She currently lives in a cliffside house in Big Sur, California.
Kleefeld attended "UCLA" from 1974 to 1978, studying art and psychology.
"Climates of the Mind", her first book, a collection of poetry and philosophical aphorisms, was published in 1979.
In 2008, "Soul Seeds: Revelations & Drawings", a collection of Kleefeld’s aphorisms and drawings, was published by Cross-Cultural Communications in New York.
Kleefeld is an Honorary Member of IMMAGINE&POESIA, the artistic literary movement founded in Turin, Italy, with the patronage of Aeronwy Thomas (Dylan Thomas's daughter).
List of rivers of South Africa
This is a list of rivers of South Africa.
List of rivers of South Sudan
List of rivers of Spain
This is a list of rivers that are at least partially in Spain. The rivers are grouped by sea or ocean. The rivers flowing into the sea are sorted along the coast. Rivers flowing into other rivers are listed by the rivers they flow into. Rivers that have their mouths in Portugal are given in italics.
The list begins in Catalonia at the French border and moves clockwise around the Iberian Peninsula.
List of rivers of Sri Lanka
List of rivers of Sudan
This is a list of streams and rivers in Sudan. They are arranged by where the river drains. There is list by letter at the end of this article.
Adda River, Sudan - Angereb River - Atbarah River
Bahr al-Arab - Barka River
Dinder River
Geni River
Ibrah River
Mareb River (Gash River)
Nile River
Rahad River
Tekezé River - Tiwal River
Umbelasha River
Wadi Howar - White Nile
The Dream of Gerontius is a large musical work for choir, three solo singers and orchestra composed by Edward Elgar. It was composed and first performed in 1900. It is an oratorio, although Elgar did not like it being called an “oratorio”, but this is how it is usually described. It is usually thought of as the best choral work Elgar ever wrote.
The words are from a poem by John Henry Newman. They are supposed to be the words of a man called Gerontius who is dying. He imagines what is going to happen to him when he dies: how he will meet God who will judge whether he has been good enough to go to heaven. The angel speaks to him in the poem. There is also a priest, and a short solo for the Angel of Agony. The work is in two parts. Part I is about 40 minutes long and Part II lasts about an hour.
The work was composed for the Birmingham Music Festival of 1900 and the first performance took place on 3 October 1900, in Birmingham Town Hall. There were problems at the first performance: the chorus master died while the work was being learned. Some of the music sounded strange to the choir who found it very difficult. The soloists were not very good, and it was difficult for the conductor, Hans Richter (who was an excellent conductor) to stop the choir from singing out of tune. Richter had not had time to prepare the work properly: he was only given the full score on the day before the first rehearsal. The next year the work was performed in Germany where it was well received.
Another reason why it was slow to become popular in England was that the ideas in the poem were from the Roman Catholic teaching (John Henry Newman was a Roman Catholic Cardinal). This meant that a lot of Anglican cathedrals did not want it to be performed, so changes were made to the text. This new version was used for performances at the Three Choirs Festival until 1910. It quickly became popular in England. It was performed in Chicago and New York in 1903, and then in many other cities.
A few years earlier it had been suggested to the Birmingham Festival that Antonín Dvořák should be commissioned to compose a work on “The Dream of Gerontius”. They decided that the work was “too catholic”.
There are three solo singers in the work. The most important is the tenor soloist who sings the words spoken by the dying Gerontius. There is also a bass who sings the Priest, and a mezzo-soprano who sings the part of the angel. The Angel of the Agony can be sung by the same bass who sings the Priest. The choir sometimes divides into two, and sometimes there is a small group of upper voices called the “semi-chorus”.
Newman's poem tells the story of a soul's journey through death. It is thinking about the unseen world of Roman Catholic theology. The name Gerontius comes from the Greek word "geron", "old man". The name "Gerontius" is not sung in the work, and not everyone agrees on how it is pronounced. The Greek "geron" has a hard 'g' (like in “grass”), but English words that come from it often have a soft 'g', as in "geriatriac". Elgar did not use all the words of Newman’s poem. He leaves out a lot of the meditations in Part 2 which would otherwise have made it very long.
In the first part, we hear Gerontius who is very faithful to God. Sometimes he is frightened but at other times he is hopeful. A group of friends (also called "assistants" in the text) joins him in prayer and meditation. He passes in peace, and a priest, with the assistants, say farewell as he sets off on his journey. In the second part, Gerontius, now called "The Soul", wakes up in a place apparently without space or time, and becomes aware that his guardian angel is there. She is happy that her task (bringing Gerontius to God) is done (the angel in Newman’s poem is male, but Elgar makes the angel female, giving the part to a female singer). They have a long conversation after which they journey to the throne of judgement. They have to pass the demons. They meet a choir of angels who are praising god. The Angel of the Agony pleads with Jesus to spare the souls of the faithful. Finally Gerontius briefly sees God and is judged in a single moment. The Guardian Angel lowers Gerontius into the soothing lake of Purgatory, gives him a final blessing and promises him he will wake up in glory.
Elgar scored the work for a large orchestra which includes, besides the usual instruments, piccolo, cor anglais, contrabassoon, harp and organ.
Although people usually describe it as an oratorio, it is not an oratorio in the traditional sense: there are no breaks in the music (except between the two parts), and it does not tell a story from the Bible.
The music is written in a late Romantic style which is clearly inspired by Wagner, especially by his opera Parsifal. The opening of “The Dream of Gerontius” is a long orchestral introduction which uses themes that are going to be important in the work. The music of the character Gerontius is sometimes in speech rhythm (similar to recitative) but often very lyrical. Elgar moves quickly from one style to the other. The chorus provide a wonderful reflection on what is happening. The chorus of angels singing “Praise to the Holiest in the Height” is particularly beautiful. The chorus of demons is very difficult to sing.
Birmingham Town Hall
Birmingham Town Hall is a Grade I listed building for concerts and meetings in Victoria Square, Birmingham 1, England. It was built as a home for the Birmingham Triennial Music Festival which had started in 1784 in order to raise money for a hospital.
Between 2002 and 2008, it was refurbished into a concert hall and is now used for many different kinds of performances such as organ recitals, rock, pop and classical concerts and events such as graduation ceremonies for Aston University. It has a famous pipe organ which has 90 stops.
Chloë Moretz
Chloë Grace Moretz (born February 10, 1997) in Atlanta, Georgia is an American model and actress. She lived until 2002 in Cartersville, Georgia, when she moved to New York City. Moretz has four older brothers: Trevor, Brandon, Colin, and Ethan. Her father, McCoy Moretz, is a plastic surgeon. Her mother, Teri Duke Moretz, is a nurse. Her acting career began in 2004. She has performed in many movies and television programs. These include "Desperate Housewives", "30 Rock", "Diary of a Wimpy Kid" , "Kick-Ass" and "Dark Shadows". Moretz got worldwide recognition for "Kick-Ass" as the character Mindy Macready (Hit-Girl). In 2013 Moretz played Carrie White in "Carrie". She was the main character in a movie for the first time.
List of rivers of Suriname
List of rivers of Sweden
This is a list of the rivers of Sweden.
with Svartån
A-Z of Swedish rivers. The lengths in miles are also given:
List of rivers of Switzerland
The following is a list of rivers in Switzerland.
(> 100 km, only the length in Switzerland):
Switzerland is drained into four directions:
Some rivers (like the Danube) do not flow through Switzerland themselves. They are list for having Swiss tributaries. They are given in "italics".
Aar, Albula, Allaine, Arve, Birs, Birsig, Breggia, Broye, Diveria, Doubs, Drance, Emme, Hinterrhein, Inn, Julia, Kander, Kleine Emme, Landquart, Limmat, Linth, Lonza, Lütschine, Maggia, Mera, Orbe, Poschiavino, Reuss, Rhine, Rhône, Rom, Saane/Sarine, Sihl, Simme, Thielle, Thur, Ticino, Töss, Tresa, Venoge, Vispa, Vorderrhein, Wiese.
List of rivers of Syria
List of rivers of Tanzania
This is a list of rivers in Tanzania. They are arranged by where the rivers flows. Tributaries are indented under each larger stream's name.
A list by letters is given at the bottom of the article.
Great Ruaha River
Kagera River - Kalambo River
Malagarasi River - Manonga River - Mara River
Rufiji River - Rurubu River - Ruvuma River - Ruvyironza River
Semu River - Sibiti River
Umba River (Tanzania)
Wami River - Wembere River
List of rivers of Togo
List of rivers of Trinidad and Tobago
List of rivers of Turkey
This is a list of the rivers of Turkey.
List of rivers of Turkmenistan
List of rivers of Uganda
This is a list of streams and rivers in Uganda
Achwa River
Kabi River - Kagera River - Katonga River - Kazinga Channel - Kidepo River
Lamia River - Lugogo River
Mayanja River
Nile River - Nkusi River
Okot River - Ora River
Pager River
Victoria Nile
White Nile
List of rivers of Ukraine
This is a list of the major rivers that flow through Ukraine. Ukraine, a country on the continent of Europe, has many rivers. The most notable rivers of Ukraine include the: Danube, Dnieper, and the Dniester.
"Note: The following rivers are listed from west to east. Rivers listed in bold are either major rivers, or near or about 1,000 km. long.
Alma • Bazavluk • Bilozerka • Bug River • Byk • Bystrytsia • Cheremosh • Chorna • Danube • Desna • Dnieper • Dniester • Horyn • Inhul • Inhulets • Irpin
Kalchik • Kalmius • Kharkiv • Konka • Latoritsia • Lybid • Mius • Molochna • Oster • Poltva • Prut • Psel • Romen • Ros'
Salhir • Samara • San • Seret • Seversky Donets • Seym • Sluch • Snov • Southern Bug • Stryi • Stuhna • Styr • Sudost • Sula • Supiy
Teteriv • Tiasmyn • Trubizh • Tysmenytsia • Uchan-su • Uzh (Ukraine, Slovakia) • Uzh River (Northern Ukraine) • Vorskla • Vovk • Zolota Lypa • Zbruch
List of rivers of the United Kingdom
For details of rivers of the United Kingdom, see
List of main rivers of England
This is a list of rivers of England. It includes all the main rivers, but usually not the tributaries
This section includes all rivers entering the Irish Sea from England between the Scottish border and the Welsh border.
All rivers going into the Solway Firth, Irish Sea and Morecambe Bay from the Scottish border south to Silverdale on the Cumbria/Lancashire border.
Border Esk catchment
"The lowest reaches of the Esk are in England but most of the river is in Scotland whilst a short section is followed by the England/Scotland border. Tributaries of the Esk which are wholly in Scotland are omitted from this list but may be found at List of rivers of Scotland."
"Most upstream tributaries of the Esk are wholly in Scotland."
Eden catchment
Wampool catchment
Derwent catchment
Ehen catchment
Calder catchment
Cumbrian Esk catchment
Duddon catchment
Leven catchment
Kent catchment
All rivers discharging into the Irish Sea from Silverdale on the Cumbria/Lancashire border south to the Dee Estuary.
Keer catchment
Lune catchment
Alt catchment
Mersey catchment
The Dee and most of its tributaries arise in Wales. Though a section of it passes through England, it passes into Wales once again before discharging into the Irish Sea via the Dee estuary. For other rivers entering the Irish Sea and Cardigan Bay from Wales, see List of rivers of Wales. Only those tributaries of the River Dee which flow wholly or partly in England are listed here - for a complete list of the rivers and watercourses of the Dee catchment see List of rivers of Wales.
Dee catchment
"All further upstream tributaries of the Dee are wholly in Wales."
This section includes all rivers entering the Bristol Channel and the sea off the northern coasts of Devon and Cornwall which is referred to variously as the Southwest Approaches or Celtic Sea.
The lowermost Wye forms the boundary between England and Wales. Only those tributaries of the River Wye which flow wholly or partly in England are listed here - for a complete list of the rivers and watercourses of the Wye catchment and for other rivers entering the Bristol Channel from Wales see List of rivers of Wales.
Wye catchment
"All further upstream tributaries of the Wye are wholly in Wales."
The River Severn upstream of the M48 Severn Bridge. This section includes all tributaries of the Severn which lie wholly or partly in England. For tributaries of the Severn which lie partly or wholly within Wales, see List of rivers of Wales.
Severn catchment
With the exception of the Morda and parts of the Camlad, Tanat and Cynllaith all tributaries of the Severn and Vyrnwy upstream of their confluence are in Wales. They can be found here.
All English rivers discharging into the Mouth of the Severn and the Bristol Channel from the M48 Severn Bridge south and west to Morte Point, North Devon.
Bristol Avon catchment
Axe catchment
Brue catchment
Parrett catchment
Lyn catchment
Heddon, Umber & Wilder catchments
Rivers discharging into the Atlantic Ocean between Morte Point in North Devon and Land's End.
Taw catchment
Torridge catchment
Camel catchment
This section includes all rivers entering the sea along England's south coast.
All rivers discharging into the Atlantic Ocean between Land's End, Cornwall and Lyme Regis on the Devon/Dorset border.
Note that there are no watercourses named on either the 1:25,000 or 1:50,000 scale Ordnance Survey maps of the Isles of Scilly.
Helford catchment
Restronguet catchment
Fal catchment
St Austell River catchment
Par catchment
Fowey catchment
Looe catchment
Tamar catchment
Plym catchment
Erme & Avon catchments etc.
Dart catchment
Teign catchment
Exe catchment
Otter catchment
Sid catchment
All rivers discharging into the English Channel between Lyme Regis on the Devon/Dorset border and Hayling Island on the Hampshire/Sussex border but excluding the Isle of Wight.
Brit catchment
Frome catchment
Piddle catchment etc.
Dorset Stour catchment
Hampshire Avon catchment
Test catchment
Itchen catchment
All rivers in the Isle of Wight - list taken anticlockwise from Cowes
Medina catchment etc.
Newtown River catchment
Western Yar catchment
Eastern Yar catchment etc.
Wootton Creek catchment etc.
All rivers discharging into the English Channel and Straits of Dover between Hayling Island on the Hampshire/Sussex border and Foreness Point at the northeast corner of Kent. This section includes the entire coast of Sussex and the south and east coasts of Kent.
Arun catchment
Adur catchment
Ouse catchment
Cuckmere catchment
Pevensey Haven catchment
Wallers Haven catchment
"Combe Haven catchment"
Rother catchment
Dour catchment
Stour catchment
This section includes all of the rivers along England's east coast.
All rivers discharging into the Thames and Medway and their estuaries. This section includes the coast of Kent west of Foreness Point at the northeast corner of Kent and the south coast of Essex, west of Shoeburyness. But see also
Medway catchment
Thames catchment
All rivers discharging into the North Sea along the coast of East Anglia, including the counties of Essex (north and east of Shoeburyness), Suffolk and Norfolk as far as King's Lynn.
Crouch catchment
Blackwater catchment
Colne catchment
Orwell catchment
Yare catchment
Great Ouse catchment
All rivers discharging into The Wash and the North Sea between King's Lynn and Cleethorpes at the mouth of The Humber.
Nene catchment
Welland catchment
The Haven catchment
Steeping catchment
Saltfleet catchment
Grainthorpe catchment
Tetney Haven catchment
This section includes all rivers entering the Humber, defined as the estuary west of a line between Spurn Head and Cleethorpes. The Humber is often referred to as the River Humber though the name is unusual insofar as it is an entirely tidal stretch of water formed as the Rivers Ouse and Trent combine at Trent Falls.
Ancholme catchment
Trent catchment
Yorkshire Ouse catchment
Hull catchment
Sands Drain catchment
All rivers entering the North Sea between Spurn Point at the mouth of the Humber and Redcar, Cleveland. This section includes the entire North Sea coast of the traditional county of Yorkshire.
Barmston Main Drain catchment
Yorkshire Esk catchment
Skelton Beck catchment
All rivers entering the North Sea from Redcar north to the Scottish border. This section includes the rivers of County Durham and Northumberland.
Tees catchment
Wear catchment
Tyne catchment
Blyth catchment
Wansbeck catchment
Lyne catchment
Coquet catchment
Aln catchment
Tweed catchment
"Tributaries of the Tweed which are wholly in Scotland are omitted from this list but may be found in the List of rivers of Scotland."
"All further upstream tributaries of the Tweed are wholly in Scotland."
List of main rivers of Wales
This is a list of the main rivers of Wales.
"From Hoylake to Garth Pier, Bangor, Gwynedd"
Anticlockwise from Menai Bridge / Porthaethwy
"Note "Afon Menai", known as the "Menai Strait" in English, is not technically a river, despite its Welsh name.".
"From Bangor Pier to St. Govan's Head"
"From St. Govan's Head to M48 Bridge"
With the exception of a small part of the Rea Brook, all tributaries of the Severn downstream of the confluence of the Severn and the Vyrnwy are wholly in England. For details see List of rivers of England.
List of rivers of Uruguay
List of rivers of Venezuela
List of rivers of Vietnam
This is a list of streams and rivers in Vietnam.
List of rivers of Zambia
This is a list of streams and rivers in Zambia
Chambeshi River - Congo River - Cuando River
Kabompo River - Kafue River - Kalambo River - Kalungwishi River
Luanginga River - Luangwa River - Luapula River - Luena River, Western Zambia - Lukasashi River - Lunga River (Zambia) - Lungwebungu River - Lunsemfwa River
Mbereshi River - Mulungushi River
Richard Nikolaus von Coudenhove-Kalergi
Richard Nikolaus von Coudenhove-Kalergi (November 16, 1894 – July 27, 1972) was an Austrian politician and philosopher, who was the founder of the first movement for the United States of Europe.
He was a well known for works the founder of the "Paneuropean Union" and his wrote book "Pan-Europa".
List of rivers of Zimbabwe
This is a list of streams and rivers in Zimbabwe.
Bubye River
Gway River
Inkankezi River - Insiza River - Inyankuni River
Kwekwe River
Limpopo River - Luenha River
Manyame River - Mazowe River - Mtshabezi River - Mtshelele River - Mucheke River - Munyati River - Mupfure River - Mushawe - Mwenezi River - Mwewe River - Mzingwane River
Ncema River
Panhane River - Pungwe River
Runde River
Save River (Africa) - Sebakwe River - Sengwa River - Shangani River - Shashe River - Siwaze River
Thuli River
Umchabezi River
Flag of Afghanistan
The flag of Afghanistan (, ) started to be used on January 4, 2004. This flag has three stripes of the colors black, red, and green. This has been present on most flags of Afghanistan in the last twenty years. The center emblem is the classical emblem of Afghanistan with a mosque with its mihrab facing Mecca.
Afghanistan has had more changes of its national flag during the 20th century than any other country in the world. It has had 20 different flags since the first flag in 1747. In only 4 years (1926–1930), Afghanistan had 7 flag changes - many of these flags were used as the nation's flags for only a few months.
Afghan National Anthem
The Afghan National Anthem, known in Pashto as "Millî Surûd" (ملي سرود, [mɪlˈliː suˈɾuːd̪] ; meaning 'National Anthem') or "Millî Tarâna" (ملي تـﺮانه) is the title of the national anthem of Afghanistan which was adopted (started) in May 2006.
Babrak Wassa composed the song and Abdul Bari Jahani wrote the lyrics (words).
Although it's written in the Constitution that the lyrics should be in Pashto, people have argued that in order to make ethnic and religious issues less of a problem in the country, this anthem should have no lyrics (like "Intermeco" and "Evropa").
<poem>این کشور افغانستان است
این عزت هر افغان است
خانهٔ صلح، خانهٔ شمشیر
هر فرزندش قهرمان است
این کشور خانهٔ همه است
از بلوچ، از ازبک
از پشتون و هزارها
از ترکمن و تاجک
هم عرب و گوجر است
پامیری‌ها، نورستانی ها
براهوی است و قزلباش است
هم آیماق و پشه‌ای ها
این کشور همیشه تابان خواهد بود
مثل آفتاب در آسمان کبود
در سینهٔ آسیا
هم مثل قلب جاویدان
نام حق است ما را رهبر
میگویم الله اکبر
میگویم الله اکبر</poem>
President of Afghanistan
The President of Afghanistan is the head of state of Afghanistan. Afghanistan has only been a republic between 1973 and 1992 and from 2001 onwards. Before 1973, it was a monarchy that was governed by a variety of kings, emirs or shahs. There was a civil war from 1992 to 2001.
The constitution of Afghanistan gives the president wide powers over military and legislative affairs. There is a weak national parliament.
Vice President of Afghanistan
Muhammad Qasim Fahim
Field Marshal Muhammad Qasim Fahim (9 October 1957 – 9 March 2014; ) also known as "Marshal Fahim Khan") was an Afghan military commander, and politician. He was the Vice President of Afghanistan from November 2009 until his death in March 2014. He was the Defense Minister of the Afghan Transitional Administration, beginning in 2002. He also served as Vice President of Afghanistan from June 2002 to December 2004. Marshal Fahim was a member of Afghanistan's Tajik ethnic group.
Karim Khalili
Abdul Karim Khalili (born 1950) is a former Vice President of Afghanistan. He was in office from 2004 to 2014, under Hamid Karzai. Khalili was first Vice President in 2002. He was elected as running mate of Hamid Karzai in 2004. Since 1989 he has been one of the main leaders of the Hezbe Wahdat political party of Hazara people.
Khalili was born in Wardak Province and attended a religious school. He participated actively in the Afghan resistance during Soviet Invasion. He also served as Minister of Finance of Afghanistan during the Mujahideen government in the early 1990s.
Chief Justice of Afghanistan
Abdul Salam Azimi
Abdul Salam Azimi (Pashtu:عبدالسلام عظیمی (born: 1936, in Farah Province) is the Chief Justice of Afghanistan. He is the Acting Head of the Afghan Supreme Court. He is considered a moderate and wears western-style clothing including suits and ties. Azimi is a former professor at the University of Nebraska at Omaha in the United States. He is an ethnic Pashtun of the Alizai tribe.
Noshaq
Registan Desert
Helmand River
The Helmand River (also spelled "Helmend, Helmund, Hirmand"; Pashto/Persian: ', Greek: ' ("Etýmandros"), Latin: "") is the longest river in Afghanistan. The name means "dammed, having a dam". Helmand Province is named after the river.
The Helmand river stretches for . It rises in the Hindu Kush mountains, about west of Kabul (), passing north of the Unai Pass. It crosses south-west through the desert of Dashti Margo, to the Seistan marshes and the Hamun-i-Helmand lake region around Zabol at the Afghan-Iranian border ().
Saif Ali Khan
Saif Ali Khan is a well-known actor in India. He was born on 16 August 1970. He was born to Sharmila Tagore, great-grandniece of Rabindranath Tagore.
Official residence
An official residence is the residence that a head of state or head of government.
None. The President uses own private residence.
Note that some mayors in cities with an official mayor's residence choose instead to reside at their private residence, using the official residence for official functions only. This has occurred in the 21st century in Detroit and New York City, although the mayors of both cities live in the official residences. In the case of Denver, no mayor has ever lived in the official residence; the city instead makes it available to certain non-profit groups for special functions.
Brandenburg/Prussia/Imperial"/East Germany/Former West Germany
Official estates of the Swiss Federal Council:
Uhwudong
Uhwudong (, c. 1430 - October 18 1480), also written as Eoudong or Eowudong, was a Korean Joseon Dynasty gisaeng, writer, poet, and dancer. She lived during the reign of King Yejong and King Seongjong. She was also called Eeulwudong.
famous for divorced from royal family wife. she was said to be charming, witty, very beautiful, and very smart. Her personal life has inspired movies, a TV series, operas, and many novels. She is one of Koreas modern popular cultural icons.
In the late 20th century, Uhwudong's story was of interest in both North Korea and South Korea. There are books, movies and operas about her.
In late 1985, a movie "Eoudong" was released. It starred Lee Bo-hee in the title role. Another movie, "Kim Mun-hee", was released on May 23, 1987. In 2007, KBS released a TV series entitled "King and I" starring Kim Sa-rang.
Van der Waals force
In chemistry, the van der Waals force is a type of intermolecular force that attracts molecules together. An intermolecular force is a relatively weak force between molecules. Van der Waals forces are the weakest type of intermolecular force. They are named after the Dutch scientist Johannes Diderik van der Waals (1837–1923).
Negatively charged electrons orbit around molecules or ions. The electrons shift their orbits to create slightly different charges from one end of the molecule to the other as a response to each other. These slight differences are called "partial charges", described by using the variables δor δ.
Van der Walls force is sometimes used loosely to mean for "all" intermolecular forces. Van der Waals forces are weaker than covalent bonds and usually weaker than hydrogen bonds, but they play a important role in supramolecular chemistry, enzymes, polymer science, nanotechnology, surface science, and condensed matter physics. Van der Waals forces define many properties of organic compounds, including their ability to dissolve.
Michel Wachenheim
Michel Wachenheim, born the 16th of January 1951 at Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, is a French ambassador and permanent representative of France at the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).