AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Kensaku Omori
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René Desayere
René Desayere (born 14 September 1947) is a former Belgian football player.
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New head coach of FC Chiang Mai
Romanian Land Forces
Zé Mario
Takayoshi Toda
Takayoshi Toda (born 8 December 1979) is a former Japanese football player.
159||14||7||4||166||18
Shinya Yoshihara
Shinya Yoshihara (born 19 April 1978) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kashiwa Reysol.
164||0||19||0||6||0||189||0
Takashi Aizawa
81||0||3||0||13||0||1||0||98||0
Shuhei Terada
Terada was born in Mie Prefecture on June 23, 1975. After graduating from Tokai University and spending a year unattached, he joined J2 League club Kawasaki Frontale in 1999. However he could not play many matches for injuries. Kawasaki won the champions in 1999 and was promoted to J1 League. Although the club was relegated to J2 in a year. From 2004, he played as center back of three backs defense with Yoshinobu Minowa and Hiroki Ito. Kawasaki won the champions in 2004 and was promoted to J1 again. Kawasaki won the 2nd place in the J1 in 2006, 2008 and 2009. He retired end of the 2010 season.
On May 27, 2008, Terada debuted for the Japan national team against Paraguay. He played 6 games for Japan until 2009.
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Hiroyuki Taniguchi
Taniguchi was born in Yokosuka on June 27, 1985. He joined J2 League club Kawasaki Frontale from Yokohama F. Marinos youth team in 2004. Kawasaki won the champions in 2004 and was promoted to J1 League. He played many matches as defensive midfielder from 2005. Kawasaki won the 2nd place in J1 League in 2006, 2008 and 2009. He was also selected Best Eleven in 2006. In 2011, he moved to Yokohama F. Marinos and played in 2 seasons. In 2013, he moved to Kashiwa Reysol. However he could not play many matches. In 2014, he moved to Sagan Tosu. He played many matches until 2016. However his opportunity to play decreased from 2017 and he retired end of the 2019 season.
In August 2008, Taniguchi was selected Japan U-23 national team for 2008 Summer Olympics. At this tournament, he played all 3 matches as offensive midfielder.
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Dâmboviţa River
The Dâmboviţa River is a river in Romania. It starts at the joining of the headwaters Valea Vladului and Boarcăşu. The source of the river is in the Făgăraş Mountains, and it flows south. It passes through Bucharest and flows into the Argeş River 258 kilometers from its source. This is near Budeşti, which is in Călăraşi County. The Romanian county of Dâmboviţa County is named after this river.
These are the communes, towns and cities that the Dâmboviţa River flows through:
These are the tributaries of the Dâmboviţa River:
Left: Valea Vladului, Berevoescu, Luţele Mari, Luţele Mici, Valea lui Aron, Valea Comisului, Valea Nemţoaicelor, Răchita, Valea lui Stanciu, Valea Turcilor, Tămaşul, Valea Dragoslăvenilor, Valea lui Ivan, Valea Largă, Valea Seacă, Valea Speriatei, Valea Gruiului, Berila, Dâmbovicioara, Valea Orăţiilor, Cheia, Ghimbav, Valea Luncii, Valea Caselor, Valea Hotarului, Olăneasca, Valea Runcului, Valea Jocii, Bădeni, Valea Grecului, Pârâul lui Coman, Valea Chiliilor, Valea Pleşei, Valea Măgurii, Valea Vlazilor, Valea Ulmului, Valea Largă, Râul Alb, Valea Satului, Ilfov, Colentina, Pasărea
Right: Boarcăşu, Colţii lui Andrei, Izvorul Foişorului, Valea Barbului, Izvorul Hotarului, Valea lui Aron, Bălţatul, Dracsin, Cascue, Râul Căciulelor, Valea Şaului, Clăbucet, Oncioaia, Valea Jugii, Valea Arşiţei, Râuşorul, Frasinu, Stoeneasca, Valea Cheii, Muscel, Aninoasa, Grui
Dâmbovița County
Dâmboviţa is a county (judeţ) of Romania in the historical area of Muntenia. The capital city of Dâmboviţa County is Târgovişte.
Dâmboviţa County has an area of 4,054 square kilometers. The main river of Dâmboviţa County is the Dâmboviţa River. The Ialomiţa River and the Argeş River both also flow through Dâmboviţa County.
Dâmboviţa County has 2 municipalities, 5 towns and 82 communes. The following is a list of the municipalities, towns and communes of Dâmboviţa County:
Argeș River
Argeş is a river in the southern part of Romania. It is a tributary of the Danube River.
The following are the tributaries of the Argeș River:
Left: Buda, Valea cu Peşti, Valea Lupului, Limpedea, Chiciura, Valea Iaşului, Vâlsan, Valea Satului, Râul Doamnei, Râncaciov, Cârcinov, Budişteanca, Sabar, Câlnău, Dâmboviţa, Rasa, and Luica.
Right: Capra, Cumpăna, Valea lui Stan, Arefu, Băneşti, Valea Danului, Tutana, Schiau, Bascov, Neajlov and Zboiul.
Kengo Nakamura
Nakamura was born in Kodaira on October 31, 1980. After graduating from Chuo University, he joined J2 League club Kawasaki Frontale in 2003. He became a regular player as offensive midfielder from first season. In 2004, he was converted to defensive midfielder by manager Takashi Sekizuka. The club won the champions in the 2004 J2 League and was promoted to J1 League. The club won the 2nd place in 2006, 2008 and 2009. He was also selected Best Eleven for 5 years in a row (2006-2010). In 2016, the club won the 3rd place and he was selected MVP award. In 2017, the club won the J1 League champions first time in the club history. The club also won the champions in 2018 and 2020. He retired end of the 2020 season at the age of 40.
On October, 2006, Nakamura debuted for the Japan national team against Ghana. After the debut, he played many matches as offensive midfielder and defensive midfielder. In 2007, he participated at 2007 AFC Asian Cup and played all 6 matches. However his opportunity to play decreased from spring 2010. He was selected Japan for 2010 World Cup and played 1 matches as substitute midfielder. In 2013, he played at 2013 Confederations Cup. This tournament is his last match for Japan. He played 68 games and scored 6 goals for Japan until 2013.
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!Total||68||6
Yasuhiro Nagahashi
Yasuhiro Nagahashi (born 2 August 1975) is a former Japanese football player.
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Ialomiţa River
The Ialomiţa River ("Râul Ialomiţa" in Romanian) is a river in the southern part of Romania. It comes up from the Bucegi Mountains of the Carpathians and flows into the Danube.
The upper part of the river is sometimes called Valea Obârşiei River or Obârşia Ialomiţei River.
Gentry means “well-born people”. The word comes from the latin word "gentis" which means “clan” or “extended family”. In England, gentry is the social class below the aristocracy. It gets its income from large landholdings.
Nassau, Bahamas
Wade Redden
Wade Redden (born June 12, 1977) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. Right now, he plays in the New York Rangers organization for its American Hockey League (AHL) team, the Connecticut Whale. He joined the Rangers in 2008 after 11 seasons with the Ottawa Senators. He has played for Canada internationally seven times, winning two gold medals in the World Junior Championships and once in the World Cup of Hockey.
Marty Murray
Marty Murray (born February 16, 1975) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey centre who played eight seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Calgary Flames, Philadelphia Flyers, Carolina Hurricanes and Los Angeles Kings.
Ekwerazu
Ekwerazu (or Ekwereazu) is a town in southeastern Nigeria. It is in the Imo State, in the local government area of Ahiazu Mbaise. It is made up of the villages of Eleke na Owasi, Eziama, Ihite Afo Ukwu, Mpam, Oboohia, Ogbo, Opara na Dim, Umuchieze, Umuhu Ocha, Umuokirika and Okirika Nweke. Okirika Nweke is made up of Umuevu and Akpim which previously were part of Umuokirika.
Most development is from self-help community efforts. The people and their leaders usually meet every eight days at the Eke Okwe market square to talk about matters affecting the community.
Borderline personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a long-term mental illness. It is a type of cluster B personality disorder. People diagnosed with BPD are often very impulsive, and generally have a low self-esteem. Moods often change quickly. For these reasons, these people often have trouble keeping a stable relationship. Frequently, people with BPD also suffer from other conditions, such as clinical depression or they show self-harming behavior. Treating people with BPD is difficult, and is usually done using a combination of therapy and drugs.
C.H.Huges used the term "Borderland", to describe a number of conditions bordering mental health issues. Adolf Stern gave a description of some of the symptoms in 1938, and called them "border line group". People showed both conditions related to psychosis, and related to neurosis, so the term was thought fitting, at the time.
People diagnosed with BPD have strong mood swings. They see things as "all good" or "all bad" (splitting), and are frequently confused about their identity. They usually have a lot of trouble with relationships with people. They have strong emotions which often change quickly. They are often reckless, destructive or self-destructive.
People with BPD feel emotions more easily, more deeply and for longer than others do. Emotions may repeatedly return and last a long time. Because of this, it may take longer than normal for people with BPD to return to a normal and stable emotional state. This can have both positive and negative effects. People with BPD are often very happy and loving. People with BPD are also often sad and mad. They feel emotions in a stronger way than most people - grief instead of sadness, rage instead of being annoyed, and panic instead of being anxious. People with BPD are especially sensitive to feelings of being abandoned, being alone, and being a "failure". They are often aware of how strong their emotions are, and, since they cannot control them, they sometimes shut them down entirely.
Their emotions are intense and their emotions are also quick to change. The most common mood swings they have are between anger and anxiety and between depression and anxiety.
People with BPD often act impulsively, which means they do things or say things without thinking. This behavior can be dangerous, and includes: abusing drugs or alcohol, eating too much or too little, having unsafe sex or frequent sex with multiple partners, spending a lot of money, and driving dangerously. Impulsive behavior may also include leaving jobs or relationships, running away and self-injury.
People with BPD sometimes act impulsively because it gives them instant relief from their emotional pain. However, in the long term people with BPD go through more pain from the shame and guilt that follow these actions. A cycle often begins where people with BPD feels emotional pain and acts impulsively to relieve that pain. Then they feel bad about what they did, and have strong urges to act impulsively to relieve the new pain. As time goes on, impulsive behavior may start to be an automatic reaction to emotional pain.
Self-injury is common for people with BPD. Sometimes people hurt themselves without wanting to commit suicide. Common methods include cutting, burning, head banging, and drug overdose. The reasons people with BPD give for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are different from their reasons for suicide attempts. Reasons they give for hurting themselves include expressing anger, punishing themselves, creating normal feelings, and distracting themselves from emotional pain or difficult situations. When suicide is the goal, they usually attempt suicide with the belief that others will be better off without them. Both suicidal and non-suicidal self-injury are a response to feeling negative emotions.
People with BPD can be very sensitive to the way others treat them. They can feel very happy and grateful when they feel someone has been nice to them, and very sad or angry when they feel someone has been hurtful to them. Their feelings about others often switch from positive to negative if they feel like they might lose someone, if they think someone important to them does not care about them, or if something is not as good as they expected. They think in extremes, seeing things or people as "all good" or "all bad". This is sometimes called black-and-white thinking. It includes a change from admiring someone to devaluing them, often feeling pure anger or dislike.The way they see themselves can also change quickly from positive to negative.
While strongly wanting to feel closeness, people with BPD tend to be anxious, have mixed feelings, or be paranoid when it comes to their relationships. They often view the world as dangerous and bad. BPD is linked to high levels of stress and conflict in romantic relationships, abuse, and unwanted pregnancy. These things are also common with other types of personality disorders.
People with BPD tend to have trouble seeing a clear picture of their identity. It is difficult for them to know what they value and love. They often do not know about their long-term goals for relationships and jobs. They often have trouble making decisions and can change their minds quickly. These difficulties can cause people with BPD to feel "empty" and "lost".
People with BPD are easily bored and it is hard for them to concentrate. People with BPD may tend to disconnect or "dissociate" from people and things around them, which can be thought of as an intense form of "zoning out". This often happens in response to a painful event, or something that triggers the memory of a painful event. This can give make the person feel better for a short time, it can also have the unwanted side effect of blocking ordinary feelings. This has the result of keeping people with BPD from learning how to handle these feelings, and can make it difficult for them to make positive choices when they feel these emotions. Sometimes other people can see when someone with BPD is dissociating because the expressions in their face or voice can seem emotionless, or they look like they are distracted. Sometimes when someone with BPD is dissociating, other people are not able to see or know that it is happening.
Psychiatrists and other mental health professionals diagnose people with BPD using a book called the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (DSM-IV-TR). They look at a person's behaviour and how they are feeling. If the person has five or more of the following signs, the DSM-IV-TR says that they have BPD.
Nearly all people with BPD also have other mental health problems, such as: mood disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, eating disorders, anxiety disorders (especially post-traumatic stress disorder), and other personality disorders including Haltlose personality disorder.
Most struggle with substance abuse and/or addictions. Self-harm and suicidal behavior are also common.
Other illnesses that often happen with BPD include diabetes, high blood pressure, chronic back pain, arthritis, and fibromyalgia.
The cause for BPD is not known. There may be several causes for people developing BPD. Some researchers think that it might be caused by trauma in childhood, such as sexual abuse, physical abuse and neglect. Many people with BPD were abused when they were children. Modern thinking as demonstrated by functioning MRI scans is that neurotransmitters within the brain are not working correctly, and messages are not conducted in the usual way.
Some studies of twins and families suggest that personality disorders may be inherited or strongly associated with other mental health disorders among family members.
Some factors related to personality development can increase the risk of developing borderline personality disorder. These include:
Treating BPD is very difficult and takes a long time. Today, most people with BPD are treated with different kinds of psychotherapy. One of these is called dialectical behavioral therapy. In addition to therapy, drugs such as antidepressants, antipsychotics or mood stabilizers are often used. Many sufferers recover within 10 years.
Personality disorder
A personality disorder (PD) or character disorder is a type of disorder where a person thinks, feels and behaves differently from how society expects them to. Where these traits would be flexible in most people, these traits are rigid and unworkable in someone with a personality disorder and create lasting patterns and often lasting problems. These thoughts, feelings and behaviours can cause problems for the person, and for other people around them. In the United States, the United Kingdom, and many other countries, personality disorders are classed as a kind of mental disorder and are treated by medical professionals. About ten percent of adults have PDs. They are often caused by child abuse and trauma.
In the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders", a book about mental illness written by the American Psychiatric Association, there are ten personality disorders. They are split into three "clusters" or groups.
Cluster A is the odd or eccentric group of personality disorders. They have similarities with schizophrenia. They are:
Cluster A disorders are more common in men.
Cluster B is the dramatic or emotional group of personality disorders. They are:
All Cluster B disorders are comorbid with each other. There are things that are in more than one PD. For example, selfishness and lack of empathy are major parts of ASPD and NPD. Needing to be admired is a major part of HPD and NPD.
Cluster C is the anxious or fearful group of personality disorders. They are:
The World Health Organization has a different way of describing personality disorders. It makes use of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD).
The specific personality disorders are: paranoid, schizoid, dissocial, emotionally unstable (borderline type and impulsive type), histrionic, anankastic, anxious (avoidant) and dependent in the current version. The current version is the ICD-10.
Mood disorder
A mood disorder or affective disorder is a type of mental illness where the main problem is the person's mood. The two main kinds of mood disorder are depressive disorders (like major depressive disorder) and bipolar disorder. Some other mood disorders can be caused by using drugs.
Most people who have mood disorders also have other mental disorders, such as personality disorders and anxiety disorders.
A mood is an emotional state of mind. They can be positive or negative. People sometimes say they are in a "good mood", if they are happy, or a "bad mood" if they are sad, or angry. Moods can last for several hours or days.
Sometimes, people's moods depend on what kind of personality they have. People who are optimistic are often in a good mood. People who are pessimistic are often in a bad mood. People's moods also change when things happen to them. For example, if something bad happens in a person's life, they may be sad or angry as a result.
When people's moods are disturbed for a long time, they may have a mental illness called a mood disorder, like major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder.
Appetite is wanting to eat food, the feeling of hunger. Humans and animals have appetite to make sure that they eat enough food to survive. A loss of appetite is also called anorexia (this is not the same as the eating disorder anorexia nervosa).
Appetite can change when people are ill, when they have eating disorders and when they are on different types of medications. A big appetite can make somebody eat more than they need to, and they can put on weight, even becoming obese. A small appetite can make someone eat less than they need to, making them lose weight or become malnourished.
Fatigue or tiredness is a physical or mental feeling. It happens when someone is ready to sleep or has done a lot of physical exercise. The person may feel weak, slow or sleepy. They may yawn, and may find it difficult to keep the eyes open. Usual fatigue goes away when you rest or sleep.
Fatigue may also be caused by physical or mental illness, jet lag, drug or alcohol use, medications, blood loss, malnutrition, starvation, stress or boredom.
Guy Carbonneau
Guy Carbonneau (born March 18, 1960) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player in the National Hockey League (NHL) and the former head coach of the Montreal Canadiens from 2006 until being fired on March 9, 2009. He is also the president of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL)'s Chicoutimi Saguenéens.
Reg Abbott
Reginald Abbott (born February 4, 1930) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League (NHL).
Reg Abbott played only three games in the NHL in 1952–53 for the Montreal Canadiens. During those three games, he did not score any points nor did he earn any penalty minutes.
Abbott also played baseball as the second baseman for the provincial champion Rosedales in Manitoba.
Doug Bentley
Douglas Wagner Bentley (September 3, 1916 – November 24 1972) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger who played 13 seasons in the National Hockey League for the Chicago Black Hawks and New York Rangers. Bentley missed the entire 1944–45 NHL season after being given permission to stay home and tend the family farm by Canadian Armed Forces officials, September, 1944.
From 1940 to 1947, his brother Max Bentley was his teammate and linemate in Chicago. Both brothers have been elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame, and in 1998, both brothers were named to "The Hockey News"' list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players, Max at number 48 and Doug at number 73.
On March 13, 1966 in an Eastern Hockey League game vs Jacksonville, Doug Bentley inserted his son, Doug Jr. (b. June 1, 1951) into the game when the team was short of players due to injuries. Doug Jr. was only 14 years of age at the time, becoming the youngest player to play a shift in a professional hockey league.
+ - Midseason replacement
- Replaced midseas.
Eric Staal
List of Quebec Nordiques head coaches
The Quebec Nordiques were an ice hockey team who played in both the National Hockey League (NHL) and the World Hockey Association (WHA). This is a list of the head coaches they had during their existence. The franchise moved to Denver, Colorado, in 1995, and became the Colorado Avalanche.
Michel Bergeron coached the most games and won the most points all-time with the Nordiques, with 634 games and 616 points. Maurice Filion and Michel Bergeron were the only coaches to have three terms with the Nordiques. Marc Crawford was the only Nordiques coach to win the Jack Adams Award.
Peter Schaefer
Peter Schaefer (born July 12, 1977 in Yellow Grass, Saskatchewan, Canada) is a retired Canadian ice hockey left winger. He has played in the National Hockey League with the Vancouver Canucks, Ottawa Senators and the Boston Bruins. He is best known as a two-way forward.
Peter has a younger brother, Nolan Schaefer, who is a goaltender in the Minnesota Wild organization, currently playing for the Houston Aeros of the American Hockey League.
The Parliament of Australia is the federal governing system in Australia. It was formed on May 9, 1901. The parliament is bicameral, which means it has two houses, the House of Representatives and the Senate. It was copied mainly from the way the United Kingdom's Parliament was run, the Westminster system, but it also has some ideas from the United States Congress. The laws which control the way the parliament is set up and its powers are part of the Australian Constitution. The Parliament meets in a special building, Parliament House, in Canberra.
The parliament has four main functions:
The Australian Parliament first met in the Royal Exhibition Building in Melbourne in 1901. It then took over the Victorian Parliament in Melbourne until it moved to Canberra in 1927. A new building for the Parliament was finished in 1988 to celebrate 200 years of European settlement in Australia.
There are 150 members of the House of Representatives, each one elected for a three year term. Each member represents about 150,000 people living in an electorate. The boundaries of each electorate are often changed to keep the number of people in each electorate is the same. The size of each electorate can be very different. The electorate of Kalgoorlie, in Western Australia, covers an area of 2.3 million square kilometres, while Wentworth in New South Wales is only 26 square kilometres.
The government is formed by the political party (or group of political parties) who have the most members in the House. The House is set out in the British style, even using the green colours of the House of Commons. The Speaker sits at the front; the members of the government sit on the seats to his right, and the opposition sits on the seats to his left. The Prime Minister, the Leader of the Opposition, government ministers, and the shadow ministers, sit at a large table in the centre.
The Senate is the upper house of the Australian Parliament. There are 76 members in the Senate. There are 12 senators for each Australian state, and 2 for each territory. The Senate makes and changes legislation. To become law, legislation must be passed by both houses and then be signed by the Governor-General.
The colours in the Australian Senate are red, as in the British House of Lords. The senators sit in a U shape around a central table. The head of the Senate, known as the President, sits at the head of the table. On his right are the government senators, and on his left the opposition. Senators from minor political parties and Independent senators sit at the bottom of the U shape.
Mathematics Subject Classification
The Mathematics Subject Classification (MSC) system is an alphanumeric ordering system for categorizing or arranging mathematical topics, similar to how a library arranges or orders their books on the shelves. The system was invented by the American Mathematical Society based on two major mathematical publishers: Mathematical Reviews and Zentralblatt MATH. The MSC system is used by many journals of mathematics which ask authors to list the MSC subject codes in their papers when submitted for publication.
MSC can mean:
Mathematical Reviews
Arthur Sarkissian
Arthur Sarkissian (born 11 May 1960) is an Armenian artist and painter. He is one of the top twelve artists working now in Armenia.
Sarkissian was born in 1960 in Gyumri, Armenia and went to the School of Fine Arts there in 1977, then the Armenian Pedagogical University (Drawing) in 1989. He now lives and works in the city of Yerevan in Armenia.
Sarkissian creates abstract art to show and enjoy the post-soviet freedom in Armenia. In 2005 he said that his way of painting was because he wanted to free himself from "Socialist Realism"." His paintings put together oil paint, silkscreen printing, words, photographs and parts of other paintings, and other materials.
His work can be seen in the Public Collection of the Museum of Modern Art in Yerevan. Many private collections of art across the world also include his paintings.
These are some of Sarkissian's works:
These exhibitions had only Sarkissian's art work in them:
Lots of other exhibitions in Europe and America have included Sarkissian's work together with other artists' work, including:
Largest known prime number
The largest known prime number is the biggest known integer which is a prime number. To date, it equals 2 − 1, it would take 24,862,048 digits to write that entire number out. The number was found on December 21, 2018.
This table lists every number that was once the largest known prime number. The first known record was from 1456. The number 524,287 was the largest known prime number for 144 years.
"M" is short for 2 − 1, the Mersenne number with exponent "n".
Northern League (baseball)
Carey Price
Carey Price (born August 16, 1987 in Anahim Lake, British Columbia) is a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender playing for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League.
Las Meninas is an oil painting by the Spanish painter Diego Velázquez. The painting hangs in the Museo del Prado in Madrid, the capital of Spain. It was painted in 1656.
The word “Menina” means “lady-in-waiting” or “Maid of Honour”, i.e. a girl who serves in a royal court. There is a lot of detail in the painting, and more has been written about it than about almost any other Western painting because it is quite complicated. For example: people do not always agree about who is looking at whom and why they are standing there.
"Las Meninas" shows a large room in the Madrid palace of King Phillip IV of Spain . Several people are in the painting, and we know who they are. Some are looking at one another and others are looking out from the painting at the viewer (the person who is looking at the painting).
The person who stands in the middle is the Infanta Margarita Teresa of Austria (the princess, daughter of the king and queen). She has two maids of honour, one on each side of her, a chaperone, a bodyguard, two dwarfs and a dog. Velázquez has also painted himself, standing just behind the princess and her companions. He is standing at the artist’s easel. He has stopped painting for a moment and looks straight out at the viewer. At the back of the room is a mirror in which we can see the top halves of the bodies of the king and queen. This means that the king and queen are the viewers who are looking at the painting. The king and queen are probably being painted by Velázquez, but not everybody agrees with this.
Velázquez was very famous in his lifetime. He painted portraits of several royal people at the Spanish court. Philip himself did not like being painted when he was old, but he allowed Velázquez to include him in "Las Meninas". He had given Velázquez a special room where he could paint, and he often sat and watched the painter at work in his studio.
The painting was damaged a bit by a fire in 1734 and some of it was repainted, including the left cheek of the Infanta. In recent years it lost some of its colour, partly due to the pollution caused by so many visitors to the gallery. It was cleaned in 1984. Some people thought it made the picture look different.
The people in "Las Meninas" are in Velázquez's studio in the royal palace. The Infanta Margarita Teresa of Austria (number 1 in the key picture) in the middle of the picture is five years old. She later married the Roman Emperor Leopold. She has two ladies-in-waiting ("meninas"): doña Isabel de Velasco (2), who is about to curtsy to the princess, and doña María Agustina Sarmiento de Sotomayor (3), who kneels in front of Margarita, offering her a drink from a red cup, or "bucaro", that she holds on a golden tray. To the right of the Infanta are two dwarfs: Maribarbola (4) who was German, and Nicolas Pertusato (5) who was Italian. He is trying to wake up a dog by his feet. Behind them stands doña Marcela de Ulloa (6), the princess's chaperone, dressed in mourning and talking to a bodyguard (or "guardadamas") (7). We do not know the name of the bodyguard.
At the back on the right stands Don José Nieto Velázquez (8)—the queen's chamberlain during the 1650s, and the head of the royal tapestry works—who may have been a relative of the artist. Nieto is shown pausing, with his right knee bent and his feet on different steps. We are not sure what he is doing. None of the people in the picture can see him. Only the viewer (the king and queen?) can.
Velázquez himself (9) stands to the left of the scene, looking outward past a large canvas supported by an easel. On his chest is the red cross of the Order of Santiago, which he did not receive until 1659, three years after the painting was completed. He later added the cross to the painting.
The mirror on the back wall reflects the upper bodies and heads of the King Philip IV (10) and his queen, Mariana (11). Most people think that they are being painted by Velázquez, and that their daughter, the Infanta, is watching them.
Walt Poddubny
Walter Michael Poddubny (February 14, 1960–March 21, 2009) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger and coach who played eleven seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1981–1982 until 1991–1992.
He died at the age of 49, after collapsing at his sister's house in Thunder Bay. The cause of death was heart attack.
‡ - Midseason Replacement
Patrick Bartholomew "Bertie" Ahern (; born 12 September 1951, Dublin) is a former Taoiseach of Ireland leader of Fianna Fáil, the Irish Republic's largest political party. He oversaw the largest economic expansion in Irish history and was important in making the Good Friday Agreement.
Nonkilling
Bonao
Bonao is a Dominican city and the head municipality of the Monseñor Nouel province, in the center of the country.
"Bonao" is the Taíno name of the region where the old city was founded. The city is in the Bonao Valley, at about 85 km to the northwest of Santo Domingo, the capital of the Dominican Republic.
The municipality had, in , a total population of 76,241: 37,349 men and 38,892 women. The urban population was of the total population.
Christopher Columbus founded in 1494 a small fort in the region known by the Taíno people as Bonao. The fort was built to protect the gold mines around Maimón and other places. But there was not much gold in the region and the fort was soon left without people.
The town was founded again during the early years of the 19th century but at about to the north of the old place, closer to the River Yuna. The new town had the name "Yuna" was soon was changed to the old one: "Bonao". It was also called "El Bonao" (English: "The Bonao") but the article "El" (English: "The") was left out during the first years of the 20th century and it is never used now.
The new small town was made a "Puesto Cantonal" (and old category, like a "Military Post") in 1859 and then a municipality of La Vega province in 1865.
In 1936, its name was changed to "Monseñor Meriño" after the Archbishop Adolfo A. Nouel, past president of the country. In 1960, it got is old name of Bonao.
Bonao is in the Bonao Valley in the centre of the Dominican Republic. It has a total area of . It has five municipal districts (a municipal district is a subdivision of a municipality); these are Arroyo Toro-Masipedro, Jayaco, Juma Bejucal, La Salvia-Los Quemados and Sabana del Puerto.
The altitude of the city of Bonao is above sea level.
The municipality of Bonao has the La Vega province to the north and to the west, the Sánchez Ramírez province to the east, the municipality of Maimón to the southeast, the municipality of Piedra Blanc to the south and the province of San José de Ocoa province to the southwest.
The city is near the River Yuna, one of the most important river of the Hispaniola island; the sources of the river are on the eastern side of the "Cordillera Central" ("Central mountain range"). It flows through the Bonao Valley and then through the Cibao Valley and into the Samaná Bay.
There are other smaller rivers near Bonao, tributaries of the River Yuna.
Bonao has a tropical wet climate (Köppen-Geiger classification: Af) with no dry or cold season as it is constantly moist (rainfalls during the whole year).
The driest season is winter. The month with the least rainfall on average is January with an average of followed by February with an average of .
The municipality of Bonao has five municipal districts:
Farming is very important around the city; it is one of main regions of the country where rice is grown.
Mining is also important here; nickel is mined in a mountain close to the city by the Falconbridge, a Canadian company.
The Lewis and Clark Expedition was an expedition by Meriwether Lewis (1774–1809) and William Clark (1770–1838), two men chosen by United States President Thomas Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Purchase, which the country had just bought from France. (This land was made up of much of what is now the Central and Western United States). They left Saint Louis in 1804, leading a group of 33 people. The group reached the Pacific in 1806, viewing much of the West on the way and writing down what they saw. Along the way, the group was joined by a Shoshone Native American woman named Sacagawea, who helped guide them. After their exploration, Lewis became Governor of Louisiana Territory, and Clark became Governor of Missouri Territory. The only person that died on the trip was Sergeant Charles Floyd who died August 20, 1804 of Dysentery.
Baia Mare
Baia Mare is a municipality in the northwestern part of Romania. It is the seat of Maramureş County. 137,921 people were living in Baia Mare as of 2002.
Cyanide Spill of 2000: An hour before midnight on January 30, 2000, a dam holding back water in a settling area for the Baia Mare gold mine burst, spilling its contents into the Somes river, and subsequently into the Tisza river. The spill resulted in the release of at least 100,000 cubic meters of water containing high concentrations of cyanide, as well as heavy metals such as copper, zinc and lead. Cyanide is used to purify gold from rocks, and the water contained concentrations that exceeded the 'heavily polluted' threshold by 40 to 160 times. Zinc concentration was twice the acceptable standard, and lead concentration was 5 to 9 times greater. Rumanian authorities were quickly notified of the spill and immediately raised an alarm that prevented the loss of any human life. However, the spill killed all aquatic plant and animal life for dozens of miles downstream. On February 12, the toxic water flowed into the Danube, which receives water from the Tisza, carrying its impact into Hungary and Serbia, as well. Inhabitants of Belgrade witnessed a Danube with dead fish floating on the surface. Up to 100 people, most of them children, were treated after eating fish contaminated by the heavy chemicals. The Rumanian media entitled this environmental disaster ‘the largest since Chernobyl’.
Baia Mare has the following towns as its 'sister cities':
Umm Kulthum
Umm Kulthum (May 4, 1904 – February 3, 1975). She was an Egyptian singer, songwriter, and actress. She was born in Tamay ez-Zahayra. She is a famous and distinguished singer of the 20th century in the Arab world.
Craig Parker
Craig Parker was born 12 November, 1970 in Suva, Fiji. He is a New Zealand actor who played Guy Warner in "Shortland Street".
Moon landing conspiracy theories
The moon landing conspiracy theories (also known as moon landing hoax or Apollo hoax) are beliefs that men did not land on the Moon in 1969–1972 during the Apollo program and that NASA faked the information. Some conspiracy theorists believe the Skylab space station is also a hoax.
This belief is considered by the scientific community and historians to be irrational. But on the internet, the debate can occur since it is easy for anyone to publish their ideas. There are subcultures within the USA and cultures around the world that believe that the Moon landings were faked. This view is claimed to have been taught in Cuban schools and wherever else Cuban teachers are sent (Nicaragua, Angola). It is also shared by the Taliban and by the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON).
On 12 April 1961, the USSR sent the first man into space in Vostok 1, Yuri Gagarin. Six weeks later, US President John Kennedy promised a manned Moon landing by 1969 to win the battle of systems and impress the world with technical superiority:
Moon conspiracy theorists say that NASA had too many technical problems to meet the eight year deadline for going to the moon. But the USA could not afford to appear lose the race to the moon to the Soviet Union, and so the moon landings were faked. In 2004, President George Bush gave not eight but sixteen years for a manned return to the Moon, even though the technologies for it should have already been developed forty years earlier. In 2010, President Barack Obama canceled this plan, which seemed to the moon conspiracy theorists to be an admission that the USA still does not have the technology to go to the moon.
Doubts about the authenticity of the Apollo Moon landings appeared first in December 1968 when Apollo 8 was launched. The almost perfectly executed odyssey of Apollo 11 amazed many around the world, and some people doubted it was real.
The first book on the subject ("Did man land on the Moon?") was issued in Texas by the mathematician James J. Cranny in 1970.
NASA commented on some of the conspiracy theories in June 1977. But in August 1997, their Director of Media Services (1998–2000) Brian Welch (1958–2000) said in an interview with Sky TV News:
When Fox TV aired Bruce Nash's film "Conspiracy theory: Did we land on the Moon?" in 2001, NASA released hoax theory rebuttal materials on their web and FTP sites. They also wrote suggestions for science teachers on how to refute the hoax claims using the Lunar Sample Disk Kits.
In 2002, NASA hired James Edward Oberg, to write a book intended to challenge those who claim the Apollo Moon landings were a hoax. Oberg was a former rocket scientist, MSNBC News space consultant and analyst and journalist, and, it was later discovered, a moon landing conspiracy theorist. But NASA soon cancelled the project, declining to give the reasons for this. NASA spokesman Bob Jacobs said criticism that NASA was displaying poor judgement and a lack of confidence in commissioning the book caused the agency to abort it. For example, then NASA Administrator Sean O'Keefe said:
In 2006, some of the recordings of the Apollo era were declared missing. The question of what happened to the recordings was seen by conspiracy theorists as confirmation of their beliefs, and in 2009, NASA revealed that the tapes were erased.
The arguments about the moon conspiracy theories are detailed and complex. Some of the major points and counterpoints are listed below.
Moon conspiracy theorists think that NASA faked the Apollo mission with a secret program. According to James Longuski, the complexity of the conspiracy theory scenarios make them impossible. More than 400,000 people worked on the Apollo project for almost ten years, and 12 men who walked on the Moon returned to Earth to talk about their experiences. Hundreds of thousands of people would have had to keep the secret. Longuski says that it would have been a lot easier to actually land on the Moon than to create such a large conspiracy to fake it.
1. In some photos, the are seemed to be partially covered by objects. Some conspiracy theorists suggest that the NASA composed the photographs by "cutting and pasting" objects over the background images.
2. In some photos, the crosshairs are rotated.
3. The letter "C" appears on some rocks. This is maybe a designation by the studio props.
4. The book "Moon Shot" contains a fake photo of Alan Shepard hitting a golf ball on the Moon with another astronaut.
1. The Apollo 16 crew could not have survived solar flares when they were on their way to the Moon.
2. During the Apollo 15 mission, David Scott did an experiment by dropping a hammer and a falcon feather at the same time. Both hit the ground at the same time.
Blueprints and drawings of the machines used in the Apollo project are missing. Some Apollo 11 tapes containing telemetry and high quality video of the first moonwalk are also missing. Moon landing conspiracy theorists believe that this is because they never existed, since the mission was faked.
Dr. David Williams (NASA archivist at Goddard Space Flight Center) and Apollo 11 flight director Eugene F. Kranz acknowledged that some of the Apollo 11 tapes are missing. When the recordings were sent back to Earth to be shown on TV, they were converted to a different format which was lower quality. Now the lower quality tapes are available, but the original high quality videos received in Australia are missing. Some pictures of the original high quality image are still available, and videos have been released from other missions too, like the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package.
Some people at NASA are looking for the tapes to help them plan for future missions. They believe the Apollo 11 tapes were sent for storage at the U.S. National Archives in 1970, but by 1984 all the Apollo 11 tapes had been returned to the Goddard Space Flight Center. The tapes may have been stored rather than re-used, and efforts to determine where they were stored are ongoing. Goddard was storing 35,000 new tapes per year in 1967, even before the lunar landings.
On November 1, 2006 Cosmos Magazine reported that 100 data tapes recorded in Australia during the Apollo 11 mission had been found in the basement of the Curtin University of Technology in Perth, Australia. One of the old tapes was sent to NASA for analysis.
On July 16, 2009, NASA said that it must have erased the original Apollo 11 Moon footage years ago so that it could reuse the tape. On December 22, 2009 NASA issued a final report on the tapes. Senior engineer Dick Nafzger concluded that approximately 45 tapes of Apollo 11 video were erased and reused. For the 40th anniversary of the Apollo moon landing, Lowry Digital of Burbank, California restored the low quality videos. Some pieces of the restored footage are available on the NASA website.
Some conspiracy theorists say that some astronauts were killed as part of a cover up. In a television program about the conspiracy theory, Fox Entertainment Group listed 10 astronauts and 2 others who conspiracy theorists said were killed.
All the deaths except for Irwin's were related to their job with NASA or the Air Force. Mike Adams and Robert Lawrence were not involved with the civilian space program. James Irwin already had several heart attacks before his death. All except two of the deaths happened at least one or two years "before" Apollo 11. Also, Brian Welch was speaking out "against" the moon hoax, so he would not have been a good target to be killed.
As of November 2018, four of the twelve Apollo astronauts who landed on the Moon between 1969 and 1972 were still alive, including Buzz Aldrin. Also, nine of the twelve Apollo astronauts who flew to the Moon without landing between 1968 and 1972 are still alive, for example Michael Collins.
During 1961 to 1972, at least eight Russian cosmonauts died:
Additionally, the chief of their spaceflight program, Sergei Korolev, died in January 1966.
Conspiracy theorists say that telescopes, for example the Hubble, should be able to take pictures of the moon where Apollo landed, and if people really did land on the moon, then the pictures should show the scars on the moon's surface and equipment it left behind. They believe that our major observatories will not take pictures of the landing sites because it would expose the cover-up.
NASA has said that images have been taken of these landing sites, but the pictures taken by Hubble are too low quality to see very much detail. In 2009 NASA released pictures from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter showing the Apollo landing sites in more detail. These photographs have not convinced the conspiracy theorists because the pictures were taken by NASA, and they think NASA is behind the cover-up.
Bart Sibrel (a conspiracy theorist) says that the Soviet Union had much more time in space than the United States before the Apollo Program. The Soviet Union put the first satellite in orbit in October 1957 named Sputnik 1. They also put the first animal in space in Sputnik 2, and were the first country to safely bring back an animal from space in Sputnik 5. Yuri Gagrin was the first man to orbit the Earth in Vostok 1, who was also from the Soviet Union. Sibrel believes that since the Soviet Union was so far ahead of the United States in the Moon race, the United States had to fake the landings to win.
On January 27, 1967, Apollo 1 caught fire and killed 3 astronauts. Two years later, NASA said that the problems which caused the fire were fixed. Bart Sibrel believes that the problems could not be fixed, so NASA decided to fake the landings to win the Moon race.
NASA says that the Soviet Union's achievements were not as impressive as the United States. According to the "Encyclopaedia Astronautica", the US spent 1,864 hours in space, while the Soviets spent 697 hours at the completion of Soyuz 5. Apollo 7 launched in October 1968, 21 months after the Apollo 1 fire, with an astronaut on board. By Apollo 11, the Uninted States' lead was even bigger.
Both the United States and the Soviet Union had many problems during the Moon race. The Soviet Union had the first in-flight death in 1967, only 3 months after the Apollo 1 fire. According to NASA, most of the accomplishments first made by the Soviets were also made by the US within a year. By 1965, the US started to beat the Soviets to a few important steps. The Soviets had never developed a rocket which could land on the Moon, and they never tested landing on the Moon with an astronaut on board. "