AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
La Trinité, Alpes-Maritimes
La Trinité, Alpes-Maritimes is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
La Turbie
La Turbie is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Lantosque
Lantosque is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Le Bar-sur-Loup
Le Bar-sur-Loup is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Le Broc, Alpes-Maritimes
Le Broc, Alpes-Maritimes is a commune. It is found in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Le Cannet
Le Cannet is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Le Mas
Le Mas is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Le Rouret
Le Rouret is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Le Tignet
Le Tignet is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Les Ferres
Les Ferres is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Les Mujouls
Les Mujouls is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Levens
Levens is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Lieuche
Lieuche is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Lucéram
Lucéram is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Malaussène
Malaussène is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Mandelieu-la-Napoule
Mandelieu-la-Napoule is a commune. It is found in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Marie, Alpes-Maritimes
Marie, Alpes-Maritimes is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Massoins
Massoins is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Menton
Menton is a commune in the department of Alpes-Maritimes.
Mouans-Sartoux
Mouans-Sartoux is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Mougins
Mougins is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Moulinet, Alpes-Maritimes
Moulinet, Alpes-Maritimes is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Opio, Alpes-Maritimes
Opio, Alpes-Maritimes is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Peille
Peille is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Peillon
Peillon is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Peymeinade
Peymeinade is a commune. It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in south France.
Pierlas
Pierlas is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Pierrefeu
Pierrefeu is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Puget-Rostang
Puget-Rostang is a commune. It is in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in the Alpes-Maritimes department in south France.
Puget-Théniers
Puget-Théniers is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Pégomas
Pégomas is a commune. It is found in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Péone
Péone is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Revest-les-Roches
Revest-les-Roches is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Rigaud, Alpes-Maritimes
Rigaud, Alpes-Maritimes is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Rimplas
Rimplas is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Roquebillière
Roquebillière is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Roquebrune-Cap-Martin
Roquebrune-Cap-Martin is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Roquesteron
Roquesteron is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Roquestéron-Grasse
Roquestéron-Grasse is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Roubion
Roubion is a commune. It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Roure
Roure is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Saint-André-de-la-Roche
Saint-André-de-la-Roche is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Saint-Antonin, Alpes-Maritimes
Saint-Antonin, Alpes-Maritimes is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Saint-Auban
Saint-Auban is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Saint-Blaise, Alpes-Maritimes
Saint-Blaise, Alpes-Maritimes is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Saint-Cézaire-sur-Siagne
Saint-Cézaire-sur-Siagne is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Saint-Dalmas-le-Selvage
Saint-Dalmas-le-Selvage is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat
Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Saint-Jeannet, Alpes-Maritimes
Saint-Jeannet, Alpes-Maritimes is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Saint-Laurent-du-Var is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Saint-Léger, Alpes-Maritimes
Saint-Léger, Alpes-Maritimes is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Saint-Martin-Vésubie
Saint-Martin-Vésubie is a commune. It is in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department. This is in the south of France.
Saint-Martin-d'Entraunes
Saint-Martin-d'Entraunes is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Saint-Martin-du-Var
Saint-Martin-du-Var is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Saint-Paul-de-Vence is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France. It is one of the oldest medieval towns on the French Riviera. It is well known for its modern and contemporary art museums and galleries such as Fondation Maeght.
Saint-Sauveur-sur-Tinée
Saint-Sauveur-sur-Tinée is a commune. It is found in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Saint-Vallier-de-Thiey
Saint-Vallier-de-Thiey is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Saint-Étienne-de-Tinée
Saint-Étienne-de-Tinée is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Sainte-Agnès, Alpes-Maritimes
Sainte-Agnès, Alpes-Maritimes is a commune. It is in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in the Alpes-Maritimes department in south France.
Sallagriffon
Sallagriffon is a commune. It is found in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Saorge is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Sauze
Sauze is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Sigale
Sigale is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Sospel is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Spéracèdes
Spéracèdes is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Séranon
Séranon is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Tende
Tende is a commune. It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department. This in the south of France. Tende is located within Mercantour National Park in the French Alps.
Thiéry, Alpes-Maritimes
Thiéry is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Théoule-sur-Mer
Théoule-sur-Mer is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Toudon
Toudon is a commune. It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in south France.
Tourette-du-Château
Tourette-du-Château is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Tournefort, Alpes-Maritimes
Tournefort, Alpes-Maritimes is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Tourrette-Levens
Tourrette-Levens is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Tourrettes-sur-Loup
Tourrettes-sur-Loup is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Touët-de-l'Escarène
Touët-de-l'Escarène is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Touët-sur-Var
Touët-sur-Var is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Utelle
Utelle is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Valbonne
Valbonne is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Valdeblore
Valdeblore is a commune. It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in south France.
Valderoure
Valderoure is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Vallauris
Vallauris is a commune. It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Venanson is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Vence is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Villars-sur-Var
Villars-sur-Var is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Villefranche-sur-Mer
Villefranche-sur-Mer is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Villeneuve-Loubet
Villeneuve-Loubet is a commune. It is found in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Villeneuve-d'Entraunes
Villeneuve-d'Entraunes is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Èze
Èze is a commune. It's found in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in the Alpes-Maritimes department, south of France.
Make Mine Music is a 1946 animated movie, produced by Walt Disney Productions and first released to movie theaters by RKO Radio Pictures on August 15, 1946. The 8th animated movie in the Disney animated movie canon, the movie stars Nelson Eddy, Dinah Shore, Benny Goodman, and The Andrews Sisters.
The movie is made of ten parts, or segments.
During World War II, much of Walt Disney's staff was drafted into the United States Army, and those that were still there were called upon by the U.S. government to make training and propaganda films. As a result, the studio was littered with unfinished story ideas. In order to keep the movie division alive during this difficult time, the studio released four package films including this one, made up of various unrelated segments set to music.
To date, "Make Mine Music" is the only movie in the Disney animated features canon not to gain a Region 4 and Region 2 DVD release. Its only home video release was on DVD on June 6, 2000 under the Walt Disney Gold Classic Collection title.
"Make Mine Music" ended up being a slight disappointment itself, particularly from Walt Disney's point of view. It was not well received by the critics either. Years later, the segments were individually released as short subjects or used in various Disney television programs.
The movie was entered into the 1946 Cannes Film Festival.
Ambulocetus
Ambulocetus ("walking whale") was an early amphibious cetacean. It could walk as well as swim. "Ambulocetus natans" lived from the early Eocene (50 to 48 million years ago). Its fossils have been found in Pakistan. When the animal was alive, Pakistan was a coastal region of India, which was then a large island in the Indian Ocean.
It looked like a 3-meter (10-foot) long mammalian crocodile. It was clearly amphibious: its back legs are better adapted for swimming than for walking on land, and it probably swam by undulating its back vertically, as otters and whales do.
Ambulocetids may have hunted like crocodiles, lurking in the shallows to snatch unsuspecting prey. Chemical analysis of its teeth shows that it was able to move between salt and fresh water. "Ambulocetus" did not have external ears. To detect prey on land, they may have lowered their heads to the ground and felt for vibrations.
Scientists consider "Ambulocetus" to be an early whale because it shares underwater adaptations with them. It had an adaptation in the nose that enabled it to swallow underwater, and its periotic bones had a structure like those of whales, enabling it to hear well underwater. In addition, its teeth are similar to those of early cetaceans.
One mostly complete specimen and several partial skeletons have been found in Pakistan.
Newark-on-Trent
Bassersdorf
Bassersdorf is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Zurich. It can be found in the district of Bülach.
Maurice Duruflé
Maurice Duruflé (born Louviers, 11 January 1902; died Louveciennes, 16 June 1986) was a French composer and organist. He was very self-critical and destroyed any of his compositions that he thought were not really good. This is why we now only have a small number of his works. He wrote choral music and music for the organ. His most famous work is his "Requiem".
Duruflé was born in Louviers, Haute-Normandie. In 1912, he joined the choir of Rouen Cathedral where he studied piano and organ. When he was 17 he went to Paris and had private organ lessons with Charles Tournemire. He became Tournemire’s assistant at the Basilique Ste-Clotilde, Paris until 1927. In 1920 Duruflé went to study at the Conservatoire de Paris. His organ teacher was Eugène Gigout. When he graduated he got first prizes in organ, harmony, piano accompaniment, and composition.
In 1929 Duruflé became organist at St. Étienne-du-Mont in Paris, a job he kept for the rest of his life.
In 1939, he gave the first performance of Francis Poulenc's Organ Concerto. In 1943 he became professor of harmony at the Conservatoire de Paris, where he worked until 1970. In 1947, Duruflé wrote his famous "Requiem" op. 9, for soloists, choir, organ and orchestra. In the same year Marie-Madeleine Chevalier became his assistant organist at St-Étienne-du-Mont. They married in 1953 after Duruflé divorced his first wife. The couple often travelled together to give organ recitals together. They always spent many hours practising on the organs on which they had to perform, often practising a lot of the time without the sound so that their fingers were really used to the feel of the organ.
In 1975 Duruflé was badly hurt in a car accident and had to give up performing. His wife, who was not so badly hurt in the accident, was still able to play and continued to play the organ at St-Étienne-du-Mont.
Duruflé died in Louveciennes (near Paris) in 1986, aged 84.
Duruflé only left a few of his works for publication. His two important organ works are the "Suite, op. 5" which has a famous Toccata as last movement, and his "Prelude and Fugue sur le nom d'Alain". His "Requiem" remains a favourite work for choirs. Duruflé’s music uses Gregorian plainchant, modal harmonies and polyphonic writing. He was a great admirer of the music of Louis Vierne and Charles Tournemire and he made transcriptions of some of their improvisations.
Sala São Paulo
The Sala São Paulo is a concert hall in the Julio Prestes Cultural Center in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. It is a very large building. The Cultural Center used to be a railway station and it was rebuilt and changed into a cultural centre in 1999.
Sala São Paulo is big enough for an audience of 1.498 people. The orchestra that perform there is the Orquestra Sinfônica do Estado de São Paulo (Osesp).
The Brazilian government wanted to bring more culture to the centre of São Paulo. The rebuilding began in November 1997.
The original train station was called Julio Prestes Station. It was built between 1926 and 1938 so that trains could take coffee to the port of Santos. When motor car transport became more and more popular many stations connecting Brazilian towns closed down.
The station's large hall was the same shape as many 19th century concert halls, that is, it is shaped like a horse shoe.
Sala São Paulo has 22 balconies and a ceiling that is 24 meters high. There is a very large platform so that everyone in the audience can see well. There is an elevator to lift the piano on and off the stage and many other useful modern devices.
New Sweden (, ) was a Swedish colony in North America that existed from 1638 through 1655. It was in the modern day states of Delaware, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Its capital was Fort Christina, modern-day Wilmington.
New Sweden was captured by the Dutch in 1655, and incorporated into New Netherland.
Robert James "Bobby" Fischer (March 9, 1943 – January 17, 2008) was an American-Icelandic chess Grandmaster and the eleventh World Chess Champion.
As a teenager, Fischer became well-known worldwide because of his skill at chess. He won the American championship of 1963/64, winning all eleven of his games.
Fischer was born in Michael Reese Hospital in Chicago, Illinois on March 9, 1943. His birth certificate said that his father was Hans-Gerhardt Fischer, a German. His mother, Regina Wender Fischer, was a Polish-Jewish American citizen. Born in Switzerland, she grew up in St. Louis, Missouri, and later became a teacher, a nurse, and a doctor. The two married in 1933 in Moscow, USSR, where Regina was studying medicine at the First Moscow Medical Institute. They divorced in 1945 when Bobby was two years old, so he grew up with his mother and older sister. In 1948, the family moved to Mobile, Arizona, where Regina taught in an elementary school. The next year, they moved to Brooklyn, New York.
A 2002 article in "The Philadelphia Inquirer" said that Paul Nemenyi, a doctor, was Bobby's biological father, not Hans-Gerhardt. Regina and Nemenyi had had an affair in 1942, and he gave her money to help her raise her child every month, paying for Fischer's schooling until he died in 1952. Fischer later told the chess player Zita Rajcsanyi that Nemenyi sometimes came to his Brooklyn apartment and took him to places.
Fischer learned to play at the age of six. His sister Joan bought him a chess set. Bobby learned how to play from the instructions. Several years later, he began to play at the Manhattan Chess Club. He became well known around the world in 1956. He was 13 when he played a game against an American player named Donald Byrne. In the game, he sacrificed his queen and won. "Chess Review" called this game the "game of the century".
Fischer was 14 when he won the U.S. Championship for the first time. This would be the first of eight U.S. Championships he would win.
In 1972, he became the first and only American to win the World Chess Championship in the 20th century. In the 19th century, Paul Morphy was briefly the leading player. Wilhelm Steinitz was the first official world champion. He became an American citizen while he was champion. To win the title, Fischer beat Boris Spassky of the Soviet Union. The match was held in Reykjavík, Iceland. However, Fischer did not agree to a match to defend his title. He lost his title in 1975. The title of world champion was given to Anatoly Karpov.
Fischer did not play in any public matches or tournaments for nearly 20 years. In 1992, he defeated Spassky in a rematch in Yugoslavia. The United States Department of State had told him not to play there because of the events that happened after Yugoslavia began splitting into several new countries. Since he disobeyed this order, he could have been prosecuted if he returned to the U.S. In fact, he never returned there. Fischer's 1992 rematch against Spassky was the only time after becoming the world champion that Fischer played chess in public.
After his match, Fischer promoted a new type of chess called "Fischer Random Chess", where the pieces were randomly shuffled before the game so they would be on different squares to start every game.
In July 2004, Fischer was arrested at an airport in Japan with a bad passport. The United States wanted Japan to send him back to go to trial for playing chess in Yugoslavia in 1992. The government of Iceland eventually granted Fischer asylum, where he lived for the rest of his life.
Fischer died of renal failure on January 17, 2008. He was buried at a small ceremony near the town of Selfoss, Iceland.
Fischer was born to a Jewish parent, but he rejected the religion. He used many racist and unreasonable insults toward Judaism. Fischer denied the Holocaust. He read books such as "Mein Kampf" and "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion". As a young man, Fischer joined the Radio Church of God. He later left this evangelical Protestant church with outspoken comments. Fischer had a Catholic funeral. It is unclear whether he became a Roman Catholic before his death.
Fischer, like Morphy, chose to stop playing when he was still young. He had a lifelong history of disputes, conflicts and controversy. He believed he was the victim of conspiracies. Fischer showed symptoms of the mental illness paranoia, similar to Morphy. In "Bobby Fischer: The Wandering King", authors Hans Böhm and Kees Jongkind write that Fischer's radio broadcasts show that he was "out of his mind ... a victim of his own mental illness".
Fischer developed his own book to teaching chess. It uses a method called programmed learning.
List of World Chess Champions
World Chess Champions are players who have won a match or tournament for the World Championship at chess. Both men and women can become champion, but no woman has ever been a challenger for the title. There is, however, a separate championship for women. There are also separate championships for specific age groups.
Before 1886, there was no official championship held, but some players were thought to be pre-eminent. From 1948 on, the World Chess Federation FIDE held the championships. Between 1993 and 2006 there were two world champion titles, the FIDE one and the classical one.
The 2013 World Championship match took place between Anand and Magnus Carlsen (challenger) in Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu, where Anand grew up. Usually, world champions had been played on neutral ground. Fischer played Spassky in Iceland; Alekhine played Capablanca in Buenos Aires. The Soviets always played in Moscow. However, sponsorship is needed for these matches, and the decision to accept the Chennai bid was taken by FIDE. The Challenger was victorious winning 3 games and achieving the necessary 6.5 points to win the title at the end of game 10. Magnus Carlsen (b. 1990 and from Norway) is therefore the current World Chess Champion.
These players are included (pre-18th century) on little more than opinion, and (18th century) on the basis of more substantial information. Some authors of important early works on chess are noted.
These players are included on the basis of their winning matches against credible opponents. Champions are numbered from Steinitz onwards, because his match against Zukertort was publicly declared as a world championship and generally accepted.
Long matches, initially best of 24 games.
These knock-out events are separately numbered.
These are matches of the traditional kind, and of 15 or 20 games.
Various formats have been used, especially during Carlsen's tenure.
Phosgene
Phosgene is the chemical compound with the formula COCl. This gas has no color. The gas was used as a weapon during World War I. It is responsible for most of the deaths related to poison gas during the war. Today, phosgene is used as a tool. It is used for organic synthesis. When there is a small amount in the air, the smell is similar to that of freshly cut hay or grass. Some soldiers during the First World War have stated that it smelled a little like May Blossom. When some compounds of chlorine burn or break down, small amounts of phosgene are given off.
Today, most phosgene is used to produce isocyanates. The most important isocanates in this context are toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). Both are precursors to polyurethanes. Large amounts are also used to produce polycarbonates. Polycarbonate is produced from its reaction with bisphenol A. Polycarbonates are an important class of engineering thermoplastic. They can be found in lenses in eyeglasses.
Phosgene is a strong poison. Its smell may not be noticed. Signs of exposure may sometimes be detected slowly.
Phosgene can be seen at 0.4 parts per million. This amount is four times the safe amount. Its high ability to poison doesn't come from the hydrogen chloride released by a process. It comes from the action of the phosgene on the proteins in the pulmonary sac of the lungs. The sacs are where the oxygen goes into the body. Their damage makes it hard for the blood and air move oxygen and carbon. This will make breathing very hard. Badges are worn by those at risk of exposure.
Sodium bicarbonate may be used to make spills of phosgene harmless. Gas spills may be made harmless with a special liquid spray.
WrestleMania XIV
WrestleMania XIV was the fourteenth WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event made by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), which took place on March 29, 1998 at the Fleet Center in Boston, Massachusetts.
The night began with the secret guests in the tag team battle royal being revealed as the united Legion of Doom, with Sunny. Savio Vega was first eliminated, meaning his tag team partner, Miguel Perez, had to leave too. Kurrgan illegally entered the ring to get revenge on Sniper and Recon for The Jackyl, Barry Windham also illegally entered to eliminate Bradshaw, and so his partner, Chainz, had to leave too. The final four teams stayed in the match for a while until Skull was eliminated by Phineas. When The Godwinns (Phineas & Henry) were thrown out, they returned and attacked the Legion Of Doom with buckets before leaving. New Midnight Express tried to keep Animal out of the ring while double teaming Hawk but once he re-entered the Legion eliminated Bob and Bart at the same time, leaving them the last team standing.
The second bout was a Light Heavyweight Championship match, with Taka Michinoku defending his title against Águila; this would be the first and only time the championship was defended at WrestleMania, though the title that came after it, the WWE Cruiserweight Championship would be. After throwing Taka out the ring and baseball sliding into him, Águila hit an moonsault outside the ring, but was soon hit by a springboard crossbody after Taka reversed a suplex from the end of the ring. Águila almost won the match with a moonsault crossbody into a pin but stayed on the offensive with a frankensteiner. Taka tried to land the Michinoku Driver but as Aguila flipped out and attempted a hurricarana, Taka reversed it into a powerbomb. Taka would soon stop Águila from hitting him with a high flying dive with a dropkick before before being able to do a Michinoku Driver and get the win. After the match, they shook hands and celebrated together.
Triple H made his way to the ring with his theme song played by the DX Band. Before Owen Hart came to the ring, Commissioner Slaughter handcuffed himself to Chyna so that she would not get involved in the match, despite her saying that she didn't want to. The match began with Hart attacking Helmsley with his fists before sliding out of the ring, when Triple H tried to jump from the end of the ring he landed on the crowd barrier. After an powerbomb Hart tried to lock in the sharpshooter but Helmsley broke out of it and started some offensive attacks of his own, kicking Hart in the turnbuckle and delivering a suplex. Hart suffered a cut to the bridge of his nose from a boot to the face, after which Triple H began to only attack Hart's damaged ankle, dropping his knee onto it and stretching it. After not getting hit with another kick to the face and pulling Helmsley's crotch onto the ring post, and managed to take advantage, changing a powerbomb into the sharpshooter but Chyna, having to pull Sgt. Slaughter, pulled Triple H to the rope for the break. Chyna then threw white powder in Slaughter's face causing a worried Hart to check on him, as he turned round to face the ring, Chyna low-blowed him from outside allowing Triple H to win the match with the Pedigree. After she was freed from the handcuffs, Chyna shoved Slaughter into the crowd.
Marc Mero and Goldust began the match but Goldust soon tagged in Luna Vachon, requiring Sable to be tagged in too. However, Vachon simple ran around the outside of the ring with Sable chasing her and tagged her partner back in. Wanting to get her hands on Vachon, Sable double teamed Goldust with a boot to the face after an Irish whip from Mero but could not get Vachon to enter the ring. An near pinfall came from a running crossbody from Mero and following this the two ran into each other, causing both men to crawl and tag in the women. Sable straddled Vachon and punched her round the face before kicking her in the midsection and face in the turnbuckle and attacking Goldust, then running back to clothesline Vachon over the ropes. Vachon tagged Goldust in but before Sable would do the same, she struck him in the face, then letting Mero take over who had his TKO reversed into a DDT. Mero too would reverse the Curtain Call allowing him the chance to try a moonsault pin to a standing Goldust. After Vachon struck a running Mero with his knee, Mero went to punch her but ducked out of the way as Goldust ran to her rescue, causing him to inadvertently knock her off the apron. Mero then executed the TKO but Luna interrupted the pin count, jumping on Mero's back resulting in Sable tagging in as Mero wandered around the ring with Vachon on his back. Sable tried pinning Goldust but the referee was distracted and as he finally began to count, Sable leapt off Goldust so the interfering Vachon would inadvertently bodysplash Goldust. Sable then performed a powerbomb and Mero's TKO to win the bout.
With Mike Tyson enforcing from ring side, the WWF Championship fight began with both superstars dancing around each other, engaging in a few light punches before Shawn Michaels escaped the ring and ran back in to take advantage of Steve Austin, but was met with a standing clothesline. Austin followed up by pulling down Michaels' trunks revealing his rear. Michaels tried to run at Austin but was flipped over the top rope into Triple H and Chyna. As Triple H threw Austin through the crowd barrier, the referee ordered him and Chyna to leave ringside but Austin followed and fought with them up to the entrance way. Michaels caught up with him and hit Austin with a cymbal from the bandstage, before Irish whipping him into the dumpster. As the match resumed in the ring, Austin met Michaels high-risk manoeuvre with a clothesline and then ran him into the turnbuckle and picking him up for an inverted atomic drop. Michaels attempt to pick up some momentum saw him picked up and dropped onto the ropes but Michaels managed to push Stone Cold away as he attempted a stunner. When he tried to escape the ring though, Austin shoved him forcing the champion to fall upon the announce table. After Stone Cold slowed the match down with a sleeper, Michaels tried to pull his knee into the ring post but was instead pulled into it himself. Austin then tried to rush at Michaels but was back tossed into the crowd and struck with the ring bell. Michaels used the momentum to take advantage inside the ring, delivering a snapmare and then a low kick to the grounded Austin but as he took time to offend the audience Stone Cold briefly picked up some speed throwing Michaels out of the ring but just as quickly lost ground as his opponent repeatedly worked on Austin's left knee, throwing it into the ring post and then kicking and dropping onto it back inside the ring. When Austin tried to recover outside of the ring, he was met with a baseball slide launching him over the announce table and was instantly thrown back into the ring by Tyson where he soon suffered a figure four leg lock that Michaels illegally elevated using the second and third ring rope. Austin's eventual counter was stopped by a rope break. Austin then tried to reverse a standing sleeper hold by throwing Michaels back into the turnbuckle but unwittingly trapped referee Mike Chioda who fell unconscious. With both men on the floor, HBK recovered with a kip-up and landed a high-flying elbow drop, getting in position to taunt for his finisher. As Austin eventually stood up, he ducked the super kick, attempting a stunner on Michaels as he turned round only to be thrown into the ropes and met again with a Sweet Chin Music which he grabbed, spinning Michaels round and finishing with a Stone Cold stunner. Tyson jumped into the ring to make a quick three count and the new champion celebrated by tossing the enforcer an Austin 3:16 T-shirt. When Shawn Michaels stood up, he confronted Tyson about his turn but was met with a punch that instantly floored him, and draped with Austin T-shirt.
George Drennen Fischer
Amor asteroid
An amor asteroid is a group of asteroids found near Earth that were named after 1221 Amor. While some other kinds of asteroids cross over Mars' and Earth's orbits, nearly all of the amor asteroids do not. The best known amor asteroid is 433 Eros. It circled around and landed upon by the NEAR Shoemaker. About 1,200 of all the asteroids in space are amor asteroids, with about 200 of them numbered, or given a number. Only 50 amor asteroids are named.
The following are a few of the most notable amor asteroids, in reverse order of discovery:
Iaşi County
Iaşi is a county (judeţ) of Romania, in Moldavia. The capital of Iaşi County is Iaşi.
About 825,000 people lived in Iaşi County as of the year 2007:
Iaşi County has 2 municipalities, 3 towns and 93 communes.
Ye (Cyrillic)
Yeh (in Russian and Belarusian) or Eh (in Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian, and Ukrainian) (Е, е) is the sixth letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [e] or [ɛ], except in Russian and Belarusian, where it is said as [yeh] at the beginning of the word and as a palatised (soft) [yeh] in other cases.
It came from the Greek epsilon and is the same as the Roman E.
Phosgene oxime
Phosgene oxime, also called dichloroformoxime or CX, is a chemical weapon, and a nettle agent that damages skin and other body parts. It was first made in the year 1929. When it is solid, it has no color. When it is liquid, it is yellow-brown. It has a strong, very bad odor. The chemical formula phosgene oxime is CClNOH.
This chemical has no real use, so accidental exposure is does not happen often. Exposure to CX is almost certainly the result of its use as a weapon.
Phosgene oxime is toxic if breathed, eaten, or placed on the skin or by the skin. In a very short time, the signs of poisoning are seen. If breathed, it harms the lungs and may eventually lead to pulmonary edema. The effects on the skin include hives, itching, and necrosis of the skin. It also causes watering of the eyes and even can cause blindness.
Yo (Cyrillic)
Yo (Ё, ё) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [jo] at the beginning of the word and like a palatised (soft) [ʲo] in other cases.
Pianoro
Pianoro is a town of the province of Bologna in Italy.
Zhe (Cyrillic)
Zheh (Ж, ж) is the seventh (eighth in Russian) letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like Zh, or the S in treasure or vision.
It came from the Glagolitic letter "zhivete". In English, it is transliterated as "zh". In other slavic languages like Ž.
City limits
European Capital of Culture
The European Capital of Culture is a city chosen by the European Union for a period of one calendar year. The city is given a chance to show its cultural life and cultural development. Most of the cities are very popular and are known internationally (by people around the world).
According to the official EU website. From 2014 to 2020, these are only the countries have been chosen, based on the rotation system.
Kazuyoshi Miura
Miura was born in Shizuoka on February 26, 1967. After dropped out from Shizuoka Gakuen High School, he moved to Brazil in 1982. He played several clubs including Santos, Palmeiras and Coritiba. In 1990, he returned to Japan and joined Japan Soccer League (JSL) club Yomiuri (later "Verdy Kawasaki"). In 1992, JSL was folded and the club joined new league, J1 League. The club won the last two JSL titles in 1991 and 1992, and Verdy Kawasaki won the first two J1 League titles in 1993 and 1994. He was named the first J1League MVP award in 1993. Miura then became the first Japanese footballer to play in Italy, joining Genoa in the 1994/95 Serie A season. In 1995, he returned to Verdy Kawasaki. He became a top scorer with 23 goals in 1996. In January 1999, he moved to Croatia Zagreb. The club won the Prva HNL in 1998/99 season. In July 1999, he returned to Japan and joined Kyoto Purple Sanga. However the club was relegated to J2 League end of 2000 season. In 2001, he moved to J1 club Vissel Kobe. His opportunity to play decreased in 2005 and he moved to J2 club Yokohama FC in July. In November, he moved to Sydney FC on loan and also played at 2005 Club World Championship. In 2006, he returned to Yokohama FC and won the champions in J2. In 2007, the club played in J1 first time in the club history. However the club finished at the bottom place and was relegated to J2 in a year. The club was promoted to J1 from 2020 again.
In 1990, Miura was selected the Japan national team for 1990 Asian Games. At this tournament, he debuted against Bangladesh on September 26. In 1992, he was selected the Japan for 1992 Asian Cup which held in Japan and Japan team won the champions. In 1993, he played at 1994 World Cup qualification in Doha. However Japan failed to qualify for the 1994 World Cup. It was known as the "Agony of Doha" () in Japan. He also played at 1994 Asian Games, 1995 King Fahd Cup and 1996 Asian Cup. In 1997, Miura scored 14 goals in 13 matches for Japan during 1998 World Cup qualification, leading the Japan to their first ever World Cup. However was not selected Japan for 1998 World Cup. He played 89 games and scored 55 goals for Japan until 2000.
613||172||46||18||47||19||706||209
21||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||22||1
12||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||12||0
39||6||0||0||colspan="2"|-||39||6
685||179||47||18||47||19||779||216
!Total||89||55
Japan Soccer League
Japan Soccer League (JSL) used to be an amateur football league in Japan.
Pierre Littbarski
Pierre Littbarski (born April 16, 1960) is a former German football player. He has played for the German national team.
406||116
92||15
532||135
!Total||73||18
Masashi Nakayama
Nakayama was born in Fujieda on September 23, 1967. After graduating from University of Tsukuba, he joined Japan Soccer League club Yamaha Motors (later "Júbilo Iwata") in 1990. In 1992, Japan Soccer League was folded and the club joined new league, Japan Football League. In 1993, the club won the 2nd place and was promoted to J1 League from 1994. The club won the J1 League champions in 1997, 1999 and 2002. In 1998, he scored 36 goals in 27 matches and became a top scorer. He was also selected MVP award. He also became a top scorer in 2000. This was golden era in the club history and he was one of the central player in golden era. From later 2000s, his opportunity to play decreased. In 2010, he moved to J2 League club Consadole Sapporo at the age of 43. Although the club was promoted to J1 in 2012, he could not play many matches in 3 seasons and retired end of 2012 season. In 2015, he came back as player at Japan Football League club Azul Claro Numazu. The club was promoted to J3 League in 2017. He retired end of 2020 season again without playing in the match at the club.
On July 31, 1990, Nakayama debuted for the Japan national team against North Korea. In 1992, he was selected the Japan for 1992 Asian Cup which held in Japan. He scored 2 goals in the tournament and Japan team won the champions. In 1993, he played at 1994 World Cup qualification in Doha. However Japan failed to qualify for the 1994 World Cup. It was known as the "Agony of Doha" () in Japan. In November 1997, he scored 2 goals for Japan during 1998 World Cup qualification final round and playoff, leading the Japan to their first ever World Cup. At the 1998 World Cup, Nakayama scored the only goal of the tournament and the first goal for Japan in the history of the World Cup against Jamaica on June 26. He also played at 2001 Confederations Cup and 2002 World Cup which held in Japan. He played 53 games and scored 21 goals for Japan until 2003.
432||207||36||16||68||27||5||1||541||251
!Total||53||21
Patrick M'Boma
Patrick Mboma (born 15 November 1970) is a former Cameroonian football player. He has played for Cameroon national team.
83||28||||||||||83||28
79||48||4||0||13||11||96||59
64||20||||||||||64||20
9||1||||||||||9||1
28||12||||||||||28||12
263||109||4||0||13||11||280||120
!Total||57||33
Cerise is a rose-red color.
At right is displayed the color cerise. The "cerise" name comes from the French word meaning cherry. The word "cherry" itself comes from the Norman "cherise".
According to Maerz and Paul in their "Dictionary of Color", the first recorded use of "cerise" as a color name in English was in 1858. However, it was used at least as early as 1846 in a book of crochet patterns.
In the 1950s, a popular brand of colored pencils, Venus Paradise, had a colored pencil called "Hollywood cerise" . Before being renamed "Hollywood cerise" in the 1940s, the color had before that, since 1922, been known simply as "Hollywood".
J2 League
J2 League is the second grouping of .
There are 20+ Division 2 (J2) teams.
The list of clubs in the league has changed over time. In 2013, the J2 teams are:
Japan Football League
The also known as simply the JFL is the 4th tier of the Japanese association football league system, positioned beneath three divisions of the J.League, and is the top tier of amateur football in the country.
JFL has 18 amateur or semi-professional clubs which mirror the system of teams and athletes of the J-League. Promotion from JFL to the J-League is possible, but not automatic.
The JFL has 17 teams. In 2012, the teams are:
In 2012, Arte Takasaki was removed from the list of JFL teams.
Gamba Osaka
The club was founded in 2001.
The team has some notable achievements.
In 2008, Gamba Osaka won the Emperor's Cup and the AFC Champions League, and won 3rd place at the FIFA Club World Cup.
In 2010, Rafinha made three goals in one game for Gamba Osaka against Kawasaki Frontale.
In 2014, Gamba Osaka won all three major titles in Japan, including the J1 League, the J. League Cup, and the Emperor's Cup.
JEF United Chiba
The team is also known as or .
The club was founded in 1946.
JEF United Chiba has reserve team ; JEF Reserves.
In 2010, Marquinhos (Marcos Gomes de Araujo) made three goals in one game against Omiya Ardija.
Júbilo Iwata
The club was founded in 1970.
The club became J2 in 2013.
In 2009, Ryoichi Maeda made three goals in one game against Nagoya Grampus.
A match with Shimizu S-Pulse is called Shizuoka Derby.
The club was founded in 1940.
In 2012, Masakatsu Sawa made three goals in one game against Gamba Osaka.
The club was founded in 1957.
Yanmar Diesel SC had reserve team ; Yanmar Club from 1976 to 1979.
In 2010, Adriano Ferreira Martins made four goals in one game against Jubilo Iwata.
In 2011, Ryuji Bando scored three goals in one game against Sanfrecce Hiroshima; and he also scored three time in a game against Shimizu S-Pulse.
The club was founded in 1982.
Kyoto Sanga FC
The club was founded in 1922.
Sanfrecce Hiroshima
The club was founded in 1938.
In 2006, Hisato Sato set a league record for the fastest goal in a match. In a game against Cerezo Osaka, he scored in just eight seconds after play began.
The club was founded in 1968.
In 2010, Frode Johnsen made three goals in one game against Shimizu S-Pulse.
The team was founded in 1935.
Yokohama Flügels is a former football club which has played in Japan.
FC Tokyo
The club was founded in 1935.
In 2012, Kazuma Watanabe made three goals in one game against Sagan Tosu.
In 2009, Naohiro Ishikawa scored three times in one game against Omiya Ardija.
Kawasaki Frontale
In 2012, Yahiro Kazama was named coach.
The club was founded in 1955.
In 2010, Juninho (Carlos Alberto Carvalho dos Anjos Junior) made three goals in one game against Shonan Bellmare; and Jumpei Kusukami scored three times in a game against Gamba Osaka.
In 2009, Renatinho (Renato Carlos Martins Júnior) kicked three goals in a game against JEF United Ichihara Chiba.
The club was founded in 1969.
In 2010, the team included
Yomiuri S.C. had reserve team ; Yomiuri S.C. Juniors from 1980 to 1992.
In 2007, the Urawa Reds were the first Japanese team to reach the finals of the Asian Champions League.
Its famous in Japan developing young good players.
The club was founded in 1950.
In 2009, Edmilson (Edmilson Dos Santos Silva) made three goals in one game (hat-trick) against Jubilo Iwata.
Yokohama F. Marinos
The club was founded in 1972.
Oita Trinita
The club was founded in 1994.
Albirex Niigata
In 2012, Masaaki Yanagishita was named coach.
In 2009, Pedro Bispo Moreira Júnior made three goals in one game against Sanfrecce Hiroshima.