AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Mlondi Edward Dlamini (3 March 1997 – 8 October 2017) was a South African professional footballer. He played for Maritzburg United. He played as a midfielder. He was born in Howick, South Africa.
Dlamini died in a car accident on 8 October 2017.
El Ranco Province
The El Ranco Province () is one of two provinces of the Chilean region of Los Ríos (XIV). The provincial capital is the city of La Unión.
The El Ranco province, as Ranco province, was created with the creation of the Los Ríos region in 2007. The name of the province was changed from Ranco to El Ranco in 2008.
The El Ranco province is in the southern half of the Los Ríos region with an area of . The capital, La Unión, is in the western part of the province.
El Ranco is bordered to the north by the Valdivia province, to the east by Argentina, to the south by the Los Lagos region and to the west by the Pacific Ocean.
The main river in the province is "Bueno" river that flows from the Ranco lake to the Pacific Ocean; it is long.
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Lago Ranco, at an altitude of , is . The month with the most precipitation on average is May with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is January with an average of .
In 2002 (last national census), there were 97,153 people living in the province, giving it a population density of inhabitants/km². The urban population was 51,273 persons ( of the total population).
The largest city of the province, in 2002, is its capital, La Unión, with 25,615 inhabitants.
As a province, El Ranco is a second-level administrative division, consisting of 4 communes ("comunas"). The city of La Unión serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.
Ninozca Vasquez
Ninoska Vásquez Álvarez (born August 25, 1992 in Barquisimeto, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan model and beauty queen. She won the titles of Miss Tourism Universe 2014 and Miss Earth Venezuela 2017. She will represent Venezuela in Miss Earth 2017.
Valdivia Province
The Valdivia Province () is one of the two provinces in the Chilean region of Los Ríos (XIV). The capital of the province, and of the region, is the city of Valdivia.
The Valdivia province is in the northern half of the Los Ríos region with an area of . The capital, Valdivia, is in the western part of the province.
Valdivia is bordered to the north by the Cautín province (La Araucanía region), to the east by Argentina, to the south by the El Ranco province and to the west by the Pacific Ocean.
The main river in the province is the "Valdivia" river.
The climate of the Valdivia province, in the city of Valdivia, is an oceanic climate, Cfb (Marine West Coast Climate) in the Köppen climate classification.
The average temperature for the year in Valdivia is . The warmest month, on average, is January with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of .
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Valdivia is . The month with the most precipitation on average is June with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is January with an average of .
(last national census), there were 259,243 people living in the province, giving it a population density of inhabitants/km². The urban population was 192,066 persons ( of the total population).
The largest city of the province, in 2002, is its capital, Valdivia, with 127,750 inhabitants.
As a province, Valdivia is a second-level administrative division, consisting of 8 communes ("comunas"). The city of Valdivia serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.
Isnilon Hapilon
Isnilon Totoni Hapilon (March 18, 1966 – October 16, 2017), also known by the "nom de guerre" Abu Abdullah al-Filipini ("Abu Abdullah the Filipino"), was a Filipino Islamist militant affiliated with ISIS.
He was formerly leader of Abu Sayyaf Group before its battalions pledged their allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.
An April 2016 issue of ISIS' weekly newsletter "Al Naba" said that Hapilon had been appointed as "emir of all Islamic State forces in the Philippines".
In the early morning of October 16, 2017, he was killed at the age of 51 by the Philippine military in the Battle of Marawi along with Omar Maute.
Sean Hughes
Sean Hughes (born John Hughes; 10 November 1965 – 16 October 2017) was an English-born Irish stand-up comedian, writer and actor. He starred in his own Channel 4 television show "Sean's Show" and was one of the regular team captains on the BBC Two musical panel game "Never Mind the Buzzcocks". He was born in London.
Hughes died on 16 October 2017 from cardiac arrest complicated by cirrhosis of the liver in London, aged 51.
Daphne Anne Caruana Galizia (; 26 August 1964 – 16 October 2017) was a Maltese journalist and blogger. She was known for her work as an investigative journalist and revealing controversial sensitive information, including reports and allegations related to the Panama Papers.
Caruana Galizia was born as Daphne Anne Vella on 26 August 1964 in Sliema, Crown Colony of Malta. She studied at University of Malta. Her career began in 1987. She was married to Peter Caruana Galizia from 1985 until her death in 2017. They had three children.
Caruana Galizia was murdered by a car bomb explosion close to her home in Bidnija on 16 October 2017. The perpetrator is currently unknown. She was 53 years old.
"Invicta: The Life and Work of Daphne Caruana Galizia"
Bastian Obermayer
Bastian Obermayer (born 1977 in Rosenheim) is a Pulitzer Prize-winning German investigative journalist with the Munich-based newspaper "Süddeutsche Zeitung" (SZ), and the reporter who received the Panama Papers from an anonymous source.
Obermayer is also author of several books, among them the best selling account of the Panama Papers: The Panama Papers: Breaking the Story of How the Rich and Powerful Hide Their Money - co-authored by his colleague Frederik Obermaier.
Floodplain restoration
Abdul Ali Mazari
Abdul Ali Mazari () was an ethnic Hazara politician and leader of the Hezbe Wahdat political party in Afghanistan.
Abdul Ali Mazari was born in 1946, in Charkent District, Balkh Province, Afghanistan, He died in March 1995, in Ghazni Province, Afghanistan.
John Dunsworth
John Francis Dunsworth (April 12, 1946 – October 16, 2017) was a Canadian actor. He was best known for playing the always drunk trailer park supervisor Jim Lahey on the comedy series "Trailer Park Boys" and the mysterious reporter Dave Teagues on the supernatural drama series "Haven". He also appeared in "", a CBC movie.
Dunsworth died on October 16, 2017 in Halifax, Nova Scotia at the age of 71. In a statement to CBC News, Dunsworth's daughter Sarah described the illness as "short and unexpected" and stated that her father was an "amazing husband, father and grandfather".
Phonetic transcription
Words can be written down the way they sound using phonetic transcription, for example by using the International Phonetic Alphabet. This is helpful because in many languages, there is often a difference in the way a word is written, and how it is pronounced. In addition, different languages use different scripts. Someone who grew up with the Latin script might not be able to read the Arabic one.
Don Pedro Colley
Don Pedro Colley (August 30, 1938 – October 11, 2017) was an American actor. Some of his best known roles include Gideon on "Daniel Boone", Ongaro in "Beneath the Planet of the Apes", SRT in George Lucas' "THX 1138", Joshua in "The Legend of Nigger Charley" and Sheriff Little in the 1980s TV series "The Dukes of Hazzard".
Colley was born in Klamath Falls, Oregon. He studied at the University of Oregon. He played American football and track and field (athletics), which led to an unsuccessful try-out for the 1960 Summer Olympics. Colley died on October 11, 2017 in Klamath Falls after a battle with cancer at the age of 79.
Samara Weaving
Samara Weaving (born 23 February 1992) is an Australian actress and model. Her first role was Kirsten Mulroney in the Australian-produced BBC TV series "Out of the Blue". From 2009 to 2013, she played Indi Walker in "Home and Away". For her role of Indi, Weaving was nominated for the Audience Choice Award for Best Female Performance in a Television Drama at the 1st AACTA Awards in 2012.
Weaving had a recurring role as Heather in the first season of "Ash vs Evil Dead" in 2015.
Winnie Couture
Winnie Couture is a California-based fashion clothing and apparel brand, established in 2001. Winnie Couture designs a broad range of luxury attires and is internationally distributed through its portfolio of retail stores.This brand is said to be one of the fastest growing bridal collections across the USA.
Winnie Couture was established in 2001 by husband and wife, Chris Lee and Winnie Chlomin Lee. With its headquarters in Beverly Hills, Winnie Couture has subsidiaries in Dallas(Texas), Atlanta(Georgia), and Charlotte(North Carolina) in the USA. In 2016, this luxury bridal brand opened its first Asian flagship store at Staunton Street, Hong Kong.
Wedding gowns from Winnie Couture, are known for their exquisite beadwork and embroidery details and matching veils. The designs are largely said to be a blend of the modern translation of vintage fashion and royal embellishments.
In 2006, Winnie Couture introduced its Destination Collection, and in 2008, Winnie Chlomin Diamond Label Collection was introduced. Avant Mariée Collection was introduced on 2009.
Winnie Couture is featured in publications such as, Modern Brides, The Knot, InStyle Weddings, Brides, and Modern Luxury.
The brand is said to be well-known in Hollywood, having dressed the celebritieslike Jennifer Aniston, Lea Michele, Kelly Clarkson, Scarlett Johansson, Giuliana Rancic and Helen Hunt.
History of organizational changes in the NHL
In 1917, games started to be played in the National Hockey League. In the first two seasons, there were only three teams, but now, there are thirty-one. Over the time that it has been around the NHL has added and lost teams many times. This is the complete history of organizational changes in the NHL.
The first four NHL teams were the Montreal Canadiens, Montreal Wanderers, the original Ottawa Senators and the Toronto Arenas, but after only playing four games, the Wanderers arena was burned down. This made them leave the league.
In the 1919-20 NHL season, the NHL added its first new team - the Quebec Bulldogs. Also, the Toronto Arenas changed their name to the St. Patricks. In the 1920-21 NHL season, the Quebec Bulldogs moved to Hamilton and became the Tigers.
Two new teams joined the league in the 1924-25 NHL season - the Boston Bruins and the Montreal Maroons.
The next season, the NHL added another new team - the Pittsburgh Pirates. Also, the Hamilton Tigers moved to New York City and became the New York Americans.
The NHL continued to add teams the next season, adding the Chicago Black Hawks, the Detroit Cougars and the New York Rangers. This means the league finished its first season with three teams in 1917, but ended up with more than three times more by the end of their first decade. Also, during this season, the Toronto St. Patricks changed their name to the Maple Leafs. In the 1930-31 NHL season, the Pirates moved to Philadelphia and became the Quakers, while the Detroit Cougars changed their name to the Falcons.
The NHL finally lost a team four the first time in fourteen seasons. The Philadelphia Quakers and Ottawa Senators did not play in the 1931-32 NHL season.
In the 1932-33 NHL season, the Ottawa Senators rejoined the league and the Detroit Falcons were renamed the Red Wings. In the 1934-35 NHL season, the Ottawa Senators moved to St. Louis and became the Eagles.
The NHL lost the Eagles after playing just one season in St. Louis and the league was again an eight-team league for three seasons.
The league lost the Montreal Maroons in the 1938-39 NHL season, bringing the number of teams to seven, the same number of teams there were 12 years before. There were seven teams for four seasons. The last season there was this many teams was 1941-42. That year, the New York Americans moved to Brooklyn and left the league the next season.
When the league lost the Brooklyn Americans in 1943, a new era began called the Original Six era. For the next 25 years, there were no organization changes.
The 1966-67 NHL season was the last year of the Orginal Six era because in the 1967-68 NHL season, there were 12 teams, or twice as many as there were the year before. The new six teams were the California Seals, the Los Angeles Kings, the Minnesota North Stars, the Philadelphia Flyers, the Pittsburgh Penguins and the St. Louis Blues. During this season, California was renamed the Oakland Seals.
The Oakland Seals were then renamed the California Golden Seals for the 1970-71 NHL season. The same year, the league added two new teams - the Buffalo Sabres and the Vancouver Canucks.
Two more teams joined the NHL two years later - the New York Islanders and the Atlanta Flames.
Again, after two years, two more teams joined the NHL - the Washington Capitals and the Kansas City Scouts. Two years later, the California Golden Seals moved to Cleveland and became the Barons. The Kansas City Scouts moved also to Denver and became the Colorado Rockies.
In the 1978-79 NHL season, the members of the Cleveland Barons franchise became part of the Minnesota North Stars. This was the forced time since 1942 that the league lost a team.
In 1979, the World Hockey Association (WHA) ended and four teams from the league joined the NHL. They were the Edmonton Oilers, the New England Whalers (who became the Hartford Whalers after joining the league), the Quebec Nordiques and the Winnipeg Jets. At this point, the NHL had three Canadian teams, but with three of the teams coming from the WHA being Canadian, there were then twice as many Canadian teams as before.
In the 1980-81 NHL season, the Atlanta Flames moved to Calgary Flames. Then, in the 1982-83 NHL season, the Colorado Rockies moved to Newark and became the New Jersey Devils. In the 1986-87 NHL season, the Chicago Black Hawks changed the spelling of their name to Black Hawks.
In 1991, lots of teams were beginning to be added to the NHL. That year, it started with the San Jose Sharks.
Two new teams joined the league the next season - the Ottawa Senators and the Tampa Bay Lightning.
The next season, another two teams joined the league - the Florida Panthers and the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim. Also, the Minnesota North Stars moved to Dallas Stars and dropped the word "north" from their name. In the 1995-96 NHL season, the Quebec Nordiques moved to Denver and became the Colorado Avalanche. The next season, the Winnipeg Jets moved also to Phoenix and became the Coyotes. The season after that, the Hartford Whalers moved to Raleigh and became the Carolina Hurricanes.
The Nashville Predators joined the league for the 1998-99 NHL season.
For next season, another team joined the league - the Atlanta Thrashers.
The NHL added the Columbus Blue Jackets and the Minnesota Wild for the 2000-01 NHL season, bringing the number of teams to thirty. This was the number of teams there were for 17 seasons. The Mighty Ducks of Anaheim changed their name to the Anaheim Ducks in the 2006-07 NHL season. Then, the Atlanta Thrashers moved to Winnipeg to become the Jets in the 2011-12 NHL season. Finally, the Phoenix Coyotes changed their name to the Arizona Coyotes in the 2014-15 NHL season.
In the 2017-18 NHL season, the Vegas Golden Knights joined the league. The Seattle Kraken will join the league in the 2021–22 season.
Kingdom of France
The Kingdom of France ("royaume de France") is the name given to various political entities of France in the Middle Ages and modern times. According to historians, three major events started the Kingdom of France: the advent of Clovis I in 481, the Treaty of Verdun and the election of Hugues Capet in 987. The kingdom lasted until 1792 and was briefly restored in 1814 to 1815 and then from 1815 to 1848.
The King of the Franks, Clovis I, sealed the alliance of Frankish Kingdoms with the Catholic Church at his baptism. That alliance was perpetuated in the Kingdom of France by the crowning of kings at Reims, which made them monarchs by divine right. The first Capetians were anxious to crown their eldest son in their lifetime because their authority was limited in reality to the Ile de France. It was not until Philippe Auguste that their official acts called it the Kingdom of France and that they are able to make a real act of authority throughout the kingdom. Their territory was the feudal fiefs of which king of Western France had been the suzerain since the 843 division of the Carolingian Empire.
The gradual integration of the feudal fiefs into the royal domain required the establishment of a royal administration. Louis IX attached the main importance to its role as justiciary. The "parlement", the high court of justice, was put in place. The Hundred Years' War allowed Charles VII to establish an army and permanent taxes. Richelieu and Louis XIV strengthened the royal authority in the provinces by bringing the local governors of the nobility under their stewardship and by delegating to them stewards appointed by the king.
The tendency of royalty to exercise more and more absolute power could be challenged in times of turmoil, civil wars and the reigns of minor kings. The dispute took a more pronounced character on the occasion of the diffusion of the philosophy of enlightenment and of the values that it carried: government of reason, separation of powers, individual liberties. The French Revolution led to the establishment of a French constitutional monarchy. However, the different formulas experienced failure in 1792, 1830 and 1848, which ended the French monarchy.
Wamego, Kansas
Wamego is a city in Pottawatomie County, Kansas, United States. 4,372 people lived there in the 2010 census. and an estimated 4,715 in 2016.
The Kansas River flows along the southern edge of the city.
Aylesford railway station
Aylesford railway station is a railway station in Aylesford in Kent. The station is 30 minutes away from South Aylesford Retail Park. The station is on the Medway Valley Line.
Schnaus
Schnaus is a former municipality of the district of Surselva in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland.
On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Schnaus, Castrisch, Ilanz, Ladir, Luven, Pitasch, Riein, Ruschein, Sevgein, Duvin, Pigniu, Rueun and Siat merged into the new municipality of Ilanz/Glion.
Modernist music
Palm Islands
Dine and dash
Dine and dash is eating or drinking in a restaurant or similar places without paying or unable to pay. It is often treated as a crime if someone do it willfully.
There are many slang variations for this act.
Aylesford, Kent
Aylesford is a village and civil parish on the River Medway in Kent, It is 4 miles northwest of Maidstone in England.
It has a railway station, Aylesford railway station and it has a retail park, South Aylesford Retail Park.
Aylesford
Aylesford may mean:
Particularly Dangerous Situation
The Panama Papers are 11.5 million leaked documents that talked about financial and attorney–client information for more than 214,488 offshore tax accounts. The documents, some traced back to the 1970s, were created by, and taken from, Panamanian law firm and corporate service provider Mossack Fonseca, and were leaked in 2015 by an anonymous source to German journalist Bastian Obermayer.
The documents contain personal financial information about wealthy individuals and public officials that had been kept private. While offshore business tax activities are legal, reporters found that some of the Mossack Fonseca shell corporations were used for illegal purposes, including fraud, tax evasion, and evading international sanctions.
Mychael Knight
Michael Anthony Knight Jr. (April 11, 1978 – October 17, 2017) was an American fashion designer. He was born in Nuremberg, Germany to Pamela and Michael Anthony Knight, Sr..
In 2005, Knight auditioned for the second season of the Bravo network reality television series, "Project Runway", but he was not accepted as a season two contestant. In 2006, Knight reauditioned for "Project Runway", and this time he was accepted as a contestant for season three. Knight went on to win season three's Fan Favorite award and to place fourth in the overall competition.
In 2007, Knight introduced his label, Mychael Knight, on BET's "Rip the Runway" and he designed a line of custom tees for the Starbucks Corporation.
Knight died on October 17, 2017 in Atlanta, Georgia at the age of 39. His death was possibly related to recent treatments for intestinal infection.
Ricardo Vidal
Ricardo Tito Jamin Vidal (; 6 February 1931 – 18 October 2017) was a Filipino cardinal-priest and the Archbishop-Emeritus of Cebu in the Roman Catholic Church. On 15 October 2010 his resignation as Archbishop of Cebu was accepted by Pope Benedict XVI; he was replaced by Jose S. Palma, formerly Archbishop of Palo, on 13 January 2011. He was born in Mogpog, Marinduque.
Vidal was President of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) from 1986 to 1987, and became Chairman of the CBCP-Episcopal Commission on the Clergy in 1989. He was appointed as the Federation of Asian Bishops' Conferences's Convenor of the Standing Committee (1985 to 1994).
Vidal died on 18 October 2017 in Cebu City, Philippines from sepsis at the age of 86.
Winnie Chlomin Lee
Winnie Chlomin Lee (born August 25th , 1977, Hong Kong) is a Chinese-American fashion and wedding dress designer. She is the co-founder and creative director of the Winnie Couture, wedding attire brand, based in Beverly Hills, California.
Lee was born and raised in Hong Kong, immigrated to the United States at the age of 15. Lee is said to be passionate about sewing dressmaking from a very young age, with an innate sense of style and these are said to reflect in her designs.
She attended the School of Architecture at the University of Houston.She married her life partner Chris Lee in 1999.
Lee and her husband found Winnie Couture in 2001. Lee’s designs are largely said to embody “classic-feminine” bridal fashion. Lee is known for her structural, tailored and flawless designs. Winnie Couture is known to be one of the fastest growing and high-in-demand bridal collections nationally and internationally in places like Europe and Asia.
Lee’s label is well-known Hollywood having dressed celebrities like, Giuliana Rancic, Kelly Clarkson, Lea Michele, Jennifer Aniston, Masiela Lusha, and Helen Hunt.
Lee’s designs have been featured in InStyle, Brides, Modern Luxury, Modern Brides, and People. Lee has appeared on various TV shows such as, ABC’s The Bachelorette, The CW’s Shedding for the Wedding, Oprah Winfrey Network’s Don't Tell the Bride, E!’s Bridalplasty, VH1’s Basketball Wives, and WE TV's My Fair Wedding.
I'm on Fire is the début mixtape album by recording artist Slim Burna. It was released as a free digital download for fans on Burna's 25th birthday, 11 April 2013. It features guest appearances from a wide range of artists such as Attitude (of Dem Mama Soldiers), Squeeze, Bukwild Da Ikwerrian, P.I. Piego (of Ruud Boiz), Knowledge, and many more. Music critics gave "I'm on Fire" good reviews. It became the most successful mixtape ever released by a Port Harcourt artist. As of 26 May 2014, it has been downloaded more than 50,000 times.
"I'm on Fire" was recorded, mixed, and mastered at the Street Rhymes Studios in Port Harcourt. The mixtape includes original tracks—with production handled mostly by Slim Burna and P Jaydino—as well as a few remixes of Burna's favorite reggae-dancehall hits. In an interview with newspaper, Burna said that "I'm on Fire" shows the growth he has achieved so far as an artist. He explained, "I'm on Fire" is the best thing I've done lately. I've grown both lyrically and vocally, my style has improved and I feel like I have more control of my abilities now."
"NigerianSounds" gave the mixtape a generally positive review, with a rating of 7 out of 10 stars, and in conclusion commented, "I definitely agree that he's on fire and with hardwork and dedication, he may be the next PH City superstar."
Being his first mixtape as a Port Harcourt-based artist, "I'm on Fire" weeks after its release went on to take the third spot on the Music of Africa Top 10 Mixtapes after being downloaded over 5000 times on the site alone, not including the number of times it was downloaded on other music websites.  It is the most successful mixtape ever released from a Port Harcourt-based artist. By 26 May 2014, "The Neighbourhood" reported that "I'm on Fire" had now received over 50,000 downloads worldwide.
The mixtape's title track was released as the first single in June 2012. "All Day" which features a guest appearance from Bukwild Da Ikwerrian was released as the second single in November 2012. "Claro", a collaboration between Slim Burna and Ruud Boiz member Pi Piego was released as the third and final single from the mixtape on 8 February 2013. Burna first performed the song at the Miss Boodilicious party in December 2012.
Maidstone Barracks railway station
Maidstone Barracks railway station is one of three railway stations which serve Maidstone in Kent. It is on the Medway Valley Line. It is in walking distance from the high street.
Mauser 1918 T-Gewehr
The Mauser 1918 T-Gewehr was an anti-tank rifle, of German production, used towards the end of World War I. At the Battle of the Somme, the British first used tanks. The Germans were surprised, and had no weapons (rifles) that could be used against tanks. For this reason, they developed one: The Mauser anti-tank rifle was the first rifle that was able to penetrate the larger shell of a tank. It was used towards the end of WWI. It was able to penetrate 20-25mm of tank shell, at a distance of .
Vauxhall (disambiguation)
MIMO
MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output) is a technology which allows an antenna or multiple antennas to communicate with multiple devices, which minimizes errors and maximize efficiency. The most commonly used MIMO variant is MU-MIMO, which stands for Multiple User-Multiple Input, Multiple Output. In layman's terms, imagine a classroom with one teacher and many students who need help. Since there is only one teacher, it will take the teacher a while to fully help all the students. But if there are multiple teachers, students will get help much faster and better. The same way, a router with MU-MIMO technology will be able to communicate with multiple devices with increased speed and minimal errors.
MIMO technologies are most commonly found in routers, smartphones, laptops, TVs, etc.
Issam Zahreddine
Issam Jad'aan Zahreddine (Arabic: عصام جدعان زهر الدين‎‎; 1961 – 18 October 2017) sometimes called as Issam Zaher Eldin or Issam Zaher al-Deen, was a Major General of the Syrian Republican Guard. He played a major role in the Syrian Civil War, leading Syrian government forces on several fronts. His most prominent role was the leadership of the surrounded Syrian forces during the over three-year long Siege of Deir ez-Zor.
Syrian news agencies reported on 18 October 2017, that Zahreddine was killed by a land mine explosion during operations against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant on Saqr island in Deir ez-Zor.
Beverly Reid O'Connell
Beverly Reid O'Connell (May 12, 1965 – October 8, 2017) was an American judge. She served as United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California from April 30, 2013 until her death on October 8, 2017. She was nominated by President Barack Obama. She was born in Ventura, California.
O'Connell died on October 8, 2017 at a hospital in Santa Monica, California while being in a coma after suffering from a brain aneurysm at the age of 52.
Kowalczyk brothers
Ryszard Kowalczyk (20 February 1937 – 18 October 2017) and Jerzy Kowalczyk (born 1942) are Polish brothers who planted a bomb as a protest against the communist rule in Poland. The Kowalczyk brothers were scientists at Opole University. They were born in Warsaw.
On 6 October 1971 as a protest specifically against the violence perpetrated by the communist authorities against a large workers' protest. The big explosion destroyed the university hall where the celebrations were to take place.
With the rise of Solidarity in the 1980s, pardons were issued and the brothers were freed for good behavior: Ryszard in 1983 and Jerzy in 1985. In 1991 President Lech Wałęsa decided that their sentences were legally "forgotten" which would allow them to work again.
Ryszard Kowalczyk died on 18 October 2017 in Warsaw at the age of 80.
Yeoh Tiong Lay
"Tan Sri" Yeoh Tiong Lay (; 18 December 1929 – 18 October 2017) was a Malaysian business tycoon. He founded YTL Corporation, Malaysia's largest conglomerate, with interests in construction, utilities, hotels, property development and technology.
YTL is based primarily in Malaysia but has extensive operations in Asia, Australia and the United Kingdom, where it owns the utility Wessex Water.
Yeoh was one of the richest individuals in Malaysia; his family is estimated to have a net worth of US$2.96 billion as of October 2017. Yeoh was honored with the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon by the Emperor of Japan.
Yeoh died of a heart attack on 18 October 2017 at the age of 87.
Cannabidiol
Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the 150+ naturally occurring phytocannabinoids found in certain strains of hemp and in all cannabis plant strains.
It is legal in many places and is used in the management and treatment of chronic pain, PTSD, anxiety, anxiety disorder, depression, diabetes type 1, diabetes type 2, seizures, and in conjunction with allopathic approaches to diseases including cancer chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Anecdotally CBD is being used with claimed positive results by patients for almost every illness.
CBD, unlike Δ9-THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol), is a non psycho-active compound of cannabis. It's use and popularity as an alternative to pharmaceutical drugs is growing worldwide despite difficulties, ambiguities and, in some cases, contradictory legal status in some states and countries.
In the USA the consumption of CBD hemp oil is federally legal, since CBD hemp oil falls under the same importation and commerce laws as other hemp products. Some US states have not enacted legislation specifically relating to CBD hemp oil and continue to use high THC cannabis laws to govern the status of CBD. At the same time many states have legislated to legalize or decriminalize cannabis.
Most states have detailed information relating to the legal status of recreational cannabis, CBD, and what is increasingly referred to as 'medicinal cannabis'. up-to-date state specific info can be seen at Legal history of cannabis in the United States (in Notes).
In 1939 Irishman William Brooke O'Shaughnessy introduced cannabis extract to American pharmacies and thus began it's popularity as a remedy. A wide range of cannabis extracts became freely available and could be gotten from travelling doctors, 'snake oil salesmen', and apothecaries across America and Europe.
The general lack of controls and regulation at the time lead to some deaths and injuries linked back to supposed cannabis extracts. Unscrupulous makers produced formulations that were of questionable quality for quick profits and some cases the ingredients were toxic or poisonous. This unfortunate practice was widespread across the profitable field of medicine and remedies.
As result, in 1906, The Pure Food and Drug Act was passed by the United States Congress. It required that certain special drugs, including cannabis extracts, be properly and correctly labeled with contents. Prior to this many drugs were marketed as 'patented' medicines with 'secret ingredients'. The new regulations, however, did nothing to stem criticism about the availability of narcotics in particular and around 1910 there was a new round of legislation aimed to strengthen requirements for their sale and remove 'loopholes' in poison laws.
The 1910 revisions were designed to restrict all narcotics, including cannabis, as poisons therefore requiring a doctors prescription and limiting sales to pharmacies only. The first instance of the 1906 Act was enacted by the District of Columbia in the same year as 'An act to regulate the practice of pharmacy and the sale of poisons in the District of Columbia, and for other purposes'. The act was again updated in 1938 to the Federal Pure Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act of 1938 which is still current as of the early 21st century. To date, marijuana remains under this law defined as a "dangerous drug".
CBD as a separate substance or as an ingredient of other products is legal across the USA since it is a hemp extract however when purchasing people should check their specific local and national laws.
Evidence suggests that hemp and cannabis may have been farmed for up to 12,000 years and had many uses including the making of cloth, rope, paper, food, and medicine. However in the modern context, it was not until its introduction to American pharmacies by William Brooke O'Shaughnessy in 1839 that Cannabis extracts came into mainstream awareness as a medicine. A wide range of cannabis extracts became easily available and could be gotten from travelling doctors and salesmen, doctors, and drugstores throughout America. This ended the introduction of the Pure Food and Drug Act. Similar products were also available across Europe.
In the early decades of the 21st century, CBD is again becoming well-known for its qualities as a remedy for health problems. Its world-wide popularity is ahead of the slow process of making it legal to produce, supply, buy, and use cannabis for enjoyment in non-medical settings, and especially when it comes to CBD, which doesn't have a psycho-active component.
There is some experience that CBD has a positive effect in managing and treating chronic pain, PTSD, anxiety, anxiety disorder, depression, diabetes type 1, diabetes type 2, seizures, and also combined with allopathic approaches to diseases including chemotherapy and radiation therapy for treating cancer. No toxic dose for CBD is known, and there is no record from any source of a death or serious injury from CBD as of this writing.
CBD may be useful either as as treatment for a specific illness or in a smaller dose for maintenance of good health. Usually, CBD is taken by mouth as oil drops or a powder that dissolves in water, or made into a food to be eaten. Another form of CBD is used on the skin as the oil or a cream to rub in. CBD is popularly taken in the 'vape' method (from the word "vapor"), with the CBD is heated so it can be inhaled. This method is favoured because the effect is felt sooner than by other means. Patients who need long-lasting relief from pain or other symptoms such as nausea, may combine two methods: for example, first vape and then eat a food made with CBD.
Eamonn Campbell
Eamonn Campbell (29 November 1946 – 18 October 2017) was an Irish musician. He was known for being a member of The Dubliners from 1987 until his death in 2017. He was born in Drogheda, County Louth, Ireland.
Campbell was known as a guitarist and has a rough voice similar to the late Dubliner founding member Ronnie Drew. He produced all of the Dubliners' albums from 1987 onwards, as well as albums for many other Irish artists, including Foster and Allen, Brendan Shine, Daniel O'Donnell and Paddy Reilly.
Campbell died on 18 October 2017 in Dublin of heart failure at the age of 70.
Ingvar Lidholm
Ingvar Natanael Lidholm (24 February 1921 – 17 October 2017) was a Swedish composer. He was born in Jönköping, Sweden. Lidholm completed a number of new works: the piano pieces "Sonatin" (“Sonatina”), "(10) Miniatyrer" (“Ten Miniatures”), and "Lätta pianostyken" (“Easy Piano Pieces”). In 1956, Lidholm left his conducting post in Örebro to assume the head of the Chamber Music Department at Swedish Radio.
Lindholm was awarded the Rolf Schock Prize in 1993.
Lidholm died in Stockholm, Sweden on 17 October 2017 at the age of 96.
Middlemarch, A Study of Provincial Life is the best-known book written by English author George Eliot, first published in eight volumes during 1871–72. The novel is set in the fictional Midlands town of Middlemarch during 1829–32.
Building design
This article is about Sustainable Building Design in Australia. It explains the services offered by a Building Designer. The article outlines what a sustanable building designer does for their clients and explains specialties of sustainable building design. For Architecture see this entry.
Sustainable Building Design is sometimes referred to as Eco Design or Green Design. An Eco Designer is a professional that is already familiar with all aspects of the building trade but approaches design with the natural and human environment in mind. In general terms a Building Designer will create plans and designs that reflect the clients practical needs, personal style preferences and budget indications. You may retain a Building Designer to provide all or any part of the planning, design, and construction process as you desire.
Eco designers tend to be passionate about the environment and design and understand that a balance needs to be found between the impact of a building on the environment and the realities of budget and everyday practicalities. For renovations and retrofits they will explore the best options to improve the functionality and efficiency of existing buildings. For new builds the same principles will be applied from scratch and based very much on existing conditions.
The designer may aim to design a living environment that will create a productive system that provides a sustainable food and resource supply that will enhance your lifestyle and that of the surrounding environment. The designer may have other specialities such as Permaculture which will be added to the mix. A combination of building design and property planning also goes a long way towards the ultimate in sustainable design and living.
Sustainable building designers are usually very familiar wth the local region where they live and can give insight into the best way to build to suit both criteria like geography, weather conditions, lifestyle and landscape. Building designers may differ in their approach from region to region depending on the same criteria. A Queensland building designer for example will carefully consider weather factors that can seriously affect a site including sunshine, wind, rainfall, water catchment and storage, water run-off, humidity, cooling, and other issues.
Most building designers offer a complete service from concept design, through to construction documentation. They will liaise with the builder and do inspections of the construction to ensure that the level of finish and quality the client expects is ensured. Fees are generally tailored to suit each project. Often fixed fees are agreed to before starting design work however some designers bill at an hourly rate. Below is a list of services and items that a building designer might take care of or cover.
Both Architects and Building Designers are able to design building projects big or small, simple or complex. Here is a simple table of some academic and focus differences between a Building Designer and Architect:
Both can both perform the same kinds of work. Architecture is classed as a creative industry degree however there are many Building Designers that have designed very unique and creative projects. Individual Building Designers and Architects can vary in many different ways as individuals or as a team. They vary in prices, qualifications, experiences, accomplishments, specific styles and way of dealing with clients.
Building designers and architects are very similar.  The choice of designer should come down to the client confidence that a particular designer is capable, can demonstrate that capability, has aligning philosophies and creative abilities to fulfil the desired project outcomes.  A relationship needs to develop for the best outcomes, so easy communication between all parties is the most important factor.
Yongle Emperor
The Yongle Emperor (May 2, 1360– August 12, 1424), known in China as , was the 3rd emperor of the Ming part of China's history. He was the emperor of China from 1402 to 1424. He is important because he moved China's capital to Beijing, built its Forbidden City, and sent Zheng He on trips to Indonesia, India, Arabia, and eastern Africa.
The Yongle Emperor's real name was . It is written in Chinese writing. His given name was Di and his family were the Zhus, but Chinese people write their family names first. His name means "Japanese cherry", but in Chinese that bush or tree isn't thought of as Japanese.
In old China, the Chinese emperors did not number their years from one place. Instead, they gave names to eras (groups of years) any time they wanted. Some emperors made 10 or more eras while they led China. Zhu Di started his era the year after he took Yingtian (now Nanjing) from his nephew the Jianwen Emperor in 1402. He said this was the 1st year of the "Era of Eternal Happiness", which sounds like "Yǒnglè" and is written in traditional Chinese writing and in the easier writing now used by the PRC. He only had this one era when he was emperor, so people also called him the "Emperor of the Yongle Era" or "Yǒnglèdì" ( or ).
When he was the emperor of China, Chinese people just called him the "Emperor". If they met him, they used very polite terms like "Bìxià" (, "Your Highness") to speak to him. After he died, the next emperors gave him a new, long, and very polite name and called him "Míng Chéngzǔ" (), the "Most Successful Dead Family Member" of the Ming. After the Xinhai and Communist changes in government of China, people are less polite when they talk about the old emperors. They usually just call him by his everyday name Zhu Di like a common person. In English, it's more common to talk about him as the Yongle Emperor.
Zhu Di was born on May 2, 1360, during the Yuan part of China's history. His father Zhu Yuanzhang was a successful leader of the Red Turbans fighting the Yuan army to change China. People don't agree about who his mother was. In the histories written by the later Chinese governments, his mother was the Empress Ma, his father's most important wife. Other people—especially people who did not like Zhu Di—said that his mother was one of Zhu Yuanzhang's live-in girlfriends and wasn't even Chinese. They said that he changed all the papers about his real mother after he got more power.
Zhu Yuanzhang won his fight with the Yuan and became the Hongwu Emperor of China in 1368. He called his new government the Ming. The Ming had rules about who should be the new emperor when the old emperor died. Zhu Biao () was Zhu Yuanzhang's oldest son and people thought he would be the next emperor. Zhu Di was only the 4th son, so people did not think he would become the next emperor. He was still very important, though. The Hongwu Emperor made him the leader of Beiping (today's Beijing and the area around it).
Zhu Biao died before the Hongwu Emperor. When the emperor died, the Ming's rules said that Zhu Biao's son Zhu Yunwen () should be the new leader. He became the Jianwen Emperor in 1398 at the age of 22.
The Jianwen Emperor's many uncles were very powerful, almost like kings. He started to take away their power right away. One was sent away to Yunnan, one killed himself, three were made into common people. Zhu Di was afraid and pretended to be crazy. The Jianwen Emperor was less afraid of him and even let Zhu Di's three sons—whom he held in Yingtian (now Nanjing) to be sure of Zhu Di's good behavior—go to Beiping (now Beijing) to visit their "sick" father before his death.
With his sons free, Zhu Di began to fight the Jianwen Emperor. At first, he said that he really wanted to protect his nephew from the "bad helpers" who were telling the emperor to fight his own family. After he took the capital, though, he rewrote all the government papers to pretend the Jianwen Emperor had never been the emperor. The four years of his nephew's control were dated to the end of the Hongwu Emperor's era. Zhu Di began his new era at the next Chinese New Year and became the Yongle Emperor.
Many people in the government of China said they did not like the Yongle Emperor and that he should not be the country's leader. A body was shown and said to be the Jianwen Emperor's, but it was badly burnt and no one could be sure it was really him. Some people said that the Jianwen Emperor was still alive and that he was hiding as a Buddhist monk. All of this made the Yongle Emperor very worried and angry. He did not stay in Yingtian or make it his capital. He left some of the government there but moved most of it to his home in Beiping. Because China now had a more important northern capital and a secondary southern capital, these two cities came to be known as Beijing and Nanjing. The Yongle Emperor's new, larger home in Beijing grew into the Forbidden City. The Yongle Emperor killed many of the angry government leaders in Nanjing. Sometimes he killed their families. Sometimes he killed their families, friends, and students.
Many of these troublemakers were the people who took power because of their high scores on the imperial examination. The Yongle Emperor gave more power in his government to his eunuchs, men who had been hurt as children to stop them from being able to have children of their own. One of these men was Zheng He, an Islamic leader who led great treasure ships south from Suzhou and Nanjing in 7 big trips between 1405 and 1433. The first trips may have been looking for the Jianwen Emperor, but they also became trips that taught China about the South China Sea and Indian Ocean and opened up more buying and selling between their countries and China.
The Yongle Emperor died on August 12, 1424, and was followed as emperor by his oldest son Zhu Gaochi, who became the Hongxi Emperor.
Sphere Fluidics
Sphere Fluidics is an England-based Life Sciences Research and Development company specializing in developing novel tools for biopharmaceutical discovery and development, cell therapy engineering, analysis and isolation. Sphere Fluidics has been named one of the UK's top 50 disruptive SMEs by Real Business in 2015.
Sphere Fluidics Limited was originally established in 2010, by two chemistry professors of Cambridge University, namely, Professor Chris Abell and Professor Wilhelm Huck along with Dr. Frank F. Craig, an entrepreneur, and Dr. Maher Khaled, a Cambridge University Enterprise.
In 2013, Sphere Fluidics spun out of Cambridge University to a new research facility in Babraham Research Campus. In 2013, Sphere Fluidics won an award for academic spin-outs at the ACES awards.
Sphere Fluidics operates in various markets including biopharmaceutical discovery and development, anti-microbial screening, synthetic biology and genome editing of single cells.
In January 2017, Sphere Fluidics launched an e-commerce platform which had, microfluidic products, research instrument accessories, and microfluidic biochips, in its product line.
In July 2017, Sphere Fluidics won “Best Investment in Life Sciences” Award, in the event held by the UK Business Angels Association.
Sphere Fluidics has raised £11 million as of 2017, from investors namely, 24 Haymarket, Amadeus Capital Partners, Greenwood Way Capital, University of Cambridge Enterprise, University of Cambridge, Parkwalk Advisors, Providence Investment Company, London Business Angels, Envestors, Angels5K, Cambridge Angels, Q-Ventures and a Japanese corporate investor.
Cyto-Mine Technology is one of the patented products of Sphere Fluidics.
Cyto-Mine technology is the integrated device that is able to automatically perform single cell analysis, sorting, imaging and dispensing into individual wells of microtitre plates in a single compact system. Based on the research made by Professors Chris Abell and Wilhelm Huck, this biochip system can automatically process millions to billions of miniaturised tests in tiny picodroplets.
According to the scientists at Sphere Fluidics, Cyto-Mine can perform millions of single-cell assays daily, offering up to a 100-fold improvement over conventional techniques, at lower capital and operational cost.
Mountain weasel
The mountain weasel ("Mustela altaica"), is a type of weasel. It is also called the pale weasel, Altai weasel or solongoi.