AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
In the track became the first Grand Prix circuit to be awarded the distinguished (important) FIA Institute Centre of Excellence award. The award was given for having and keeping high race safety and medical facilities.
The track was designed by German architect Hermann Tilke. Tilke also designed the Sepang circuit in Malaysia. The track cost approximately US $150 million to build. It can be set-up as six different tracks, including a test oval and a drag strip.
The track had a special problem. The track was located in the middle of a desert. There were concerns that sand would blow onto the track and disrupt the race. Organizers (the people who run the race) were able to keep the sand off the track by spraying an adhesive (glue) on the sand around the track.
The surface of the track has a high level of grip. The same surface is used at the Yas Marina Circuit for the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix.
The Bahrain International Circuit hosts a number of races, including the FIA Formula One World Championship, the Australian V8 Supercar Championship Series, the GP2 Series, GP2 Asia, Chevrolet Lumina Series, Speedcar Series, Thunder Arabia and Radical.
In the past the track has hosted the FIA GT Championship, and a one-time Bahrain Superprix involving Formula Three cars, following from the failure of the Korea Super Prix. The first Formula BMW World Final took place in Bahrain. Every year there is the 24 Hours of Bahrain race.
The first Bahrain Grand Prix took place on 4 April 2004, making history as the first Formula One Grand Prix to be held in the Middle East. Other countries, including Egypt, Lebanon and the United Arab Emirates wanted to host the Formula One Grand Prix.
The Bahrain Grand Prix is usually the third race on the Formula One schedule. In the 2006 season, Bahrain traded places with the usual first race, the Australian Grand Prix. The Australian Grand Prix date was changed to avoid interfering with the Commonwealth Games. In , Bahrain was moved to the fourth race on the schedule. In , Bahrain was the first race of the season. For 2010, the Formula One cars raced on the full "Endurance Circuit".
Starting in 2011, Formula One will return to the original track layout. This is the layout that was used in 2004.
Muharraq Governorate
The Muharraq Governorate is one of the five governorates of Bahrain. It is together with the municipality of Al Muharraq and with Muharraq Island and with outlying islets. It includes the former municipality of Al Hadd at the southern end of that island.
Muharraq is Bahrain's second largest city and is also called the "Place of Ashes".
1997 Qayen earthquake
The 1997 Qayen earthquake was a large earthquake that struck in Northern Iran's Khorasan Province on May 10, 1997. It was also known as the Quayen, Ardekul or Qaen earthquake. It was the largest in that area since 1990 and measured 7.3 on the moment magnitude scale. It was the third earthquake in 1997 that caused a lot of damage. It killed 1,567 people and injured over 2,300. It also left 50,000 homeless by damaging over 15,000 homes. There were 155 aftershocks that added to the damage, which was guessed to cost about $100 million.
The United States Geological Survey said that it was the most deadly earthquake in 1997.
Wind turbine
A wind turbine is a rotating machine that transfers kinetic energy from the wind into mechanical energy. If the mechanical energy is used directly by machinery, such as for pumping water, cutting lumber or grinding stones, the machine is called a windmill. If the mechanical energy is instead converted to electricity, the machine may be called a wind turbine generator (WTG), wind power unit (WPU), wind energy converter (WEC), or aerogenerator.
The wind turbine's blades are turned by the wind. This turns a shaft turning slowly, at about 10-20 rpm with a high torque. The shaft goes into a reduction gearbox with a ratio of about 1:50, although some wind turbine gearboxes can have a ratio of 1:100 or more. Some wind turbines may have no reduction gearbox at all, and have a ratio of 1:1. The gearbox turns the generator more quickly, at around 1000 rpm, at a low torque. The generator creates electricity. This electricity is combined with any other wind turbines that may be in the same wind farm. This combined electricity may be used locally, or adjusted to match the electricity in the power grid and sent to the power grid.
Although wind turbines are a renewable source of energy and don't pollute the environment as a result of generating power, they have an environmental impact. Some people think that wind turbines create a lot of noise and look unappealing. However, wind turbines are placed no closer than 300 meters from residential homes. At that distance, a wind turbine is no louder than an average household air conditioner.
Wet-tail
Wet-tail or proliferative ileitis, is a disease in rodents kept in cages, mainly hamsters, but can include rabbits, gerbils, rats, and mice. It is caused by stress. Even with treatment, the animal can die within 24–48 hours. Baby hamsters are much more likely to get the disease than older hamsters. It commonly is found when the hamster is being weaned at about four weeks of age.
Wet-tail is a disease in the animal's intestines caused by the bacteria, "Lawsonia intracellularis". Wet-tail is stress related. The stress can be caused by:
The symptoms may not appear for several days. The main symptom is the animal has a wet tail, matted with faeces. Other signs of the disease are:
There are drugs to treat wet-tail which can be bought from pet shops. A vet may choose to give the animal other drugs. The sick animal should be kept in a cage by itself so that others do not catch the disease.
Luxury box
Luxury box or luxury suite is the North American term for a special seating section in arenas, stadiums and other sports venues. In the United Kingdom and Australia the terms used are corporate box, executive box, sky box and private box. They are usually in the mid-section of the stadium. The seats have usually the best views of the sporting event. Some have glass panels that can be opened, in order for the spectators to feel closer to the action of the sporting event. The inside of a luxury box usually has a bar, several televisions sets, a row of seats and a private bathroom. The boxes are usually catered. The lease to a box also comes with a personal parking space, and a private entrance. The boxes usually generate more revenue than regular seating.
Contactless smart card
A contactless smart card is a kind of smart card with integrated circuits that can process and save data. Most cards are as big as a credit card. They can receive information which is processed and delivered through radio. There are two main kinds of contactless smart cards.
Many people believe contactless smart cards have a read-only RFID inside it. This is not true, but they do have a re-writable smart card microchip inside them. Contactless smart cards can be used for identification, authentication, and saving data.
Pericles' Funeral Oration is a famous speech from Thucydides' "History of the Peloponnesian War". The speech was delivered by Pericles at the end of the first year of the Peloponnesian War (431 - 404 BCE). He was a famous Athenian politician. The speech was a part of the yearly public funeral for the people who died in the war.
At that time, people in Athens had a custom of holding a public funeral for the people who died in war. The bodies of the dead were left out for three days in a tent, where offerings could be made for the dead.
"Funeral Oration" was recorded by Thucydides in book two of his "History of the Peloponnesian War". Thucydides records the speech as if every word in the record was what Pericles said. However, people agree he did, at least, correct or change the speeches a little. Thucydides says in his "History" that the speeches are not completely the same as what was really said, but written to show the main ideas of what was said. It is quite certain that Pericles delivered a speech at the end of the first year of the war. However, people are not sure how much Thucydides' record is the same as Pericles' actual speech.
The Funeral Oration is important because the speech was different from usual Athenian funeral speeches. David Cartwright describes it as "a eulogy (description) of Athens itself...". The speech is about what great things Athens did, delivered to encourage the people.
American Civil War scholar Garry Wills calls Abraham Lincoln's famous Gettysburg Address the modern parallel to Pericles' Funeral Oration.
Gorgoneion
In Ancient Greece, the Gorgoneion () was originally a magic pendant showing the Gorgon's head. (The use of magic against evil, or bad luck is generally called Apotropaism).
The gorgoneion was linked with the gods Zeus and Athena; both are said to have worn it as a pendant. It was also popular as a royal symbol, worn on shields and capes. These can be seen on the Alexander Mosaic and the Gonzaga Cameo.
Homer wrote about the Gorgon on four occasions, but only about the head, as if the creature had no body. Jane Ellen Harrison notes that "Medusa is a head and nothing more...a mask." The body was added many years later. Up to the 5th century BC, the head was shown as being very ugly, with her tongue sticking out, boar tusks, puffy cheeks, her eyeballs staring straight ahead and the snakes twisting all around her.
The direct frontal stare was highly unusual in ancient Greek art. In some cases a beard, (probably representing streaks of blood) was added to her chin, making her appear as a wild and sexual god, like Dionysus.
Gorgoneia painted on the shields of warriors on mid-5th century Greek vases are not as ugly, strange or frightening. By that time, the Gorgon had lost her tusks and the snakes were rather stylized. The Hellenistic marble known as the Medusa Rondanini shows how the Gorgon changed over time into a beautiful woman.
Gorgoneia are first seen in Greek art at the beginning of the 8th century BC. One of the earliest is on a coin found during an archaeological dig at Parium. Other early 8th-century examples were found at Tiryns. There is a similar image from the Knossos palace, dating from the 15th century BC. Marija Gimbutas even argues that "the Gorgon extends back to at least 6000 BC, as a ceramic mask from the Sesklo culture illustrates".
In the 6th century BC, gorgoneia of a basic type of "lion mask" were found all over Greek temples, especially in and around Corinth. Pedimental gorgoneia were common in Sicily; probably the earliest one is in the Temple of Apollo in Syracuse. Around 500 BC, they stopped being used to decorate monumental buildings, but were still shown on parts of the roof tiles (antefix) of smaller buildings throughout the next century.
As well as temples, the Gorgon image can be found on dress, dishes, weapons, and coins across the Mediterranean region from Etruria to the Black Sea coast. The Gorgon coins were made in 37 cities, making her image on coins second only to some of the main Greek gods. On mosaic floors, the gorgoneion was usually near the door, as if guarding it. On Attic kilns, a gorgoneion over the kiln door protected from accidents.
The Gorgon image remained popular even in Christian times, especially in the Byzantine Empire, including Kievan Rus (now the Ukraine). The image was used in Western Europe by the Italian Renaissance artists. In the 20th century, the gorgoneion was used by Gianni Versace as a logo for his fashion company.
Gimbutas says the gorgoneia are part of the Mother Goddess cult linked to "dynamic life energy". She said the gorgoneion is a typical European image. Jane Ellen Harrison, on the other hand, claims that many primitive cultures use similar ritual masks. These are meant to scare the owner from doing something wrong, or, as she terms it, to make an ugly face at him.
Ryosuke Nakajima
Ryosuke Nakajima (born 28 April 1988) is a former Japanese football player.
Antônio Marcos da Silva Filho
Antônio Marcos da Silva Filho (born 20 July 1977) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Cruzeiro.
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Phil Younghusband
Phil Younghusband (born 4 August 1987) is a Filipino football player. He has played for Philippines national team.
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Carlo Zotti
Carlo Zotti (born 3 September 1982) is an Italian football player. He plays for Bellinzona.
Alex Song
Alex Song (born 9 September 1987) is a Cameroonian football player. He plays for Arsenal and Cameroon national team.
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Katsumi Yusa
Katsumi Yusa (born 2 August 1988) is a Japanese football player.
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Ricardo Faty
Ricardo Faty (born 4 August 1986) is a French football player. He plays for Roma.
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Masayuki Miura
Masayuki Miura (born 4 November 1966) is a former Japanese football player.
Team Manager: Khon kaen FC Thailand League 2
Team Manager: Ayutthaya United Thailand League 3 (Promoted)
Team Manager: Khon Kaen FC Thailand League 3 （Promoted）
2011-2015
Team Manager/General Manager: NORDDEA Hokkaido,Hokkaido,Japan
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Contributed to the promotion to upper league (Plenus challenge league)
Top Team Coach: CONSADOLE Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Contributed to the promotion to the top league
2003-2006
Team Manager: CONSADOLE Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
1997-2001
Team Manager: CONSADOLE Sapporo Youth (U-15), Hokkaido, Japan
Yasuyuki Akaike
Mariano González
Mariano González (born 5 May 1981) is an Argentine football player. He plays for Porto.
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Evaldo Silva dos Santos
Atsushi Inoue (born 28 May 1977) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Gainare Tottori.
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Alberto Luis de Souza
Alberto Luiz de Souza (born 27 April 1975) is a Brazilian football player.
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Georgios Samaras
Georgios Samaras (born 21 February 1985) is a Greek football player. He plays for Celtic and Greece national team.
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Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet (10 June 1819–31 December 1877) was a French painter. He was the leader of the Realist movement in 19th-century French painting. Courbet is very important in French painting for two reasons. Firstly, he was prepared to try out new ideas and ways of painting. Secondly, his paintings made social comment on the world around him. In other words, he was not afraid to show "real life" in a way that was not always beautiful and nice.
Courbet's paintings were an inspiration to many other painters, particularly the French Impressionists and Post-Impressionists. Edouard Manet, Edgar Degas, Vincent van Gogh and Henri Toulouse-Lautrec were all inspired by Gustave Courbet's paintings of people. His landscape paintings were an inspiration to Claude Monet, Seurat, Cezanne and many other painters.
Courbet was born in 1819, and was the son of Régis and Sylvie Oudot Courbet in Ornans, Doubs. Courbet's sisters, Zoé, Zélie and Juliette, were his first models for drawing and painting.
When Courbet was twenty he went to Paris in 1839, and worked at the studio of two other painters, Steuben and Hesse. He was not happy there, and wanted to work on his own. He studied the works of many great masters, including Goya, Velazquez and Titian. He painted several self-portraits at this time. He often returned home to Ornans to hunt, fish and find inspiration in the countryside and country life.
In 1846–1847 Coubet travelled to the Netherlands and Belgium where he studied the paintings of Rembrandt, Franz Hals and Jan Steen who all painted in the 1600s. The paintings by these artists often showed realistic scenes and portraits of everyday life. They showed ordinary people at the table together, dancing, writing, cooking, working at trades and in businesses and in the fields. There were many pictures of soldiers. Courbet decided that he wanted to paint scenes of ordinary life the way that these artists did. He did not want to paint scenes from literature, history or mythology like most other artists in France at that time.
Courbet painted a large picture of everday-life at Ornans. The painting, called "After Dinner at Ornans", shows four men who have just finished a meal at a little table, which is perhaps in an inn. One man is playing his violin, one man is lighting his pipe. Courbet sits listening, with his head leaning on his hand. A large dog is curled under a chair. Courbet showed the painting at the Salon Exhibition in Paris. It was a great success. It won a Gold Medal and was bought by the French Government. Because of the gold medal, Courbet could hang his pictures at the Salon Exhibitions without having them checked by a jury first. This rule was changed in 1857. Courbet's work, and the work of Honoré Daumier and Jean-François Millet, became known as "Realism". Like the Dutch painters he admired, Courbet often painted in broad, rough brush strokes. He often used dark earthy colours, particularly brown, in his paintings.
In 1849 Courbet saw two people working by the roadside, using small hammers to break large rocks into gravel. One was an old man and the other was a young boy. Courbet painted a picture of this scene. He explained it to a friend ""It is not often that one meets with so complete an expression of poverty and so, right then and there I got the idea for a painting. I told them to come to my studio the next morning.""
The picture soon became one of the most famous scenes of the life of poor people that has ever been painted. It was destroyed during World War II in Dresden.
Courbet's other important painting that was shown at the Salon of 1850 was a scene of life at his village. Beginning in 1849, he painted the funeral of his great-uncle who had died the previous year. Courbet got all the village people who had been at the funeral to come to his studio and pose for him, one by one, until the painting was complete. The painting was very large, 10 by 22 feet (3.1 by 6.6 meters). The famous artist Jacques Louis David had once painted a very large picture in the same way. David's picture was of the "Coronation of Napoleon" and showed all the people who were present.
Some people praised "The Funeral at Ornans" but other people were very angry about it. They thought that it was wrong to show the burial of an ordinary man in a huge painting, as if he was as important as an emperor. They thought that it was wrong to show the poor people of a village, with their old clothes and dirty boots, as if they were all as important as lords and ladies. Some of the critics said that Courbet was deliberately trying to paint ugliness. Many people came to see the picture and liked the new Realist way of painting. Courbet said: ""The Burial at Ornans was ... the burial of Romanticism.""
Courbet became a celebrity. (He became famous and written about in the newspapers- like a film star.) People said he was a genius, a "terrible socialist", and a "savage".
Courbet wrote to a friend in 1850:
During the 1850s Courbet painted many other pictures using common folk and friends as his subjects, such as "Village Damsels" (1852), the "Wrestlers" (1853), "Bathers" (1853), "The Sleeping Spinner" (1853), and "The Wheat Sifters" (1854).
Courbet then painted another huge picture. This painting is called "The Artist's Studio" and is about seven years in his life as a painter. He shows himself at the centre of the picture, working on a large landscape painting. Behind him is an artists' model, who is naked. All around Courbet are his friends and people from his village. His mother stands to one side of the picture. Another woman is sitting on the floor feeding her baby. A little boy watches the artist, while a white cat plays on the floor.
In 1855 Coubet took this picture, with "Burial at Ornan" and twelve other paintings to be shown in a big international exhibition in Paris called "Exposition Universelle". The two biggest paintings and another one were sent away because there was not enough room. Courbet was angry. He had his own building put up, and showed forty of his paintings. Many other artists praised Courbet, but some people laughed at him, and the public did not buy very many of his pictures. Because of what he had done, younger artists heard about him and admired him. These included James McNeill Whistler in the United States as well as Édouard Manet in France.
In 1857 Courbet showed six pictures in the Salon exhibition. One was a hunting scene and one was a picture of two prostitutes lying under a tree on the banks of the River Seine in Paris. Many people came to the exhibition. The hunting scenes were very popular for decorating the halls and dining rooms of large houses.
For the rest of his life, Courbet painted erotic pictures like the picture of the prostitutes, and also many more hunting scenes. His last erotic painting was called "The Origin of the World" and was a close-up painting of female genitals. This painting was not shown in a public exhibition until 1988. He also painted many landscapes, which he began by doing outdoor sketches, then made into large paintings in his studio. By the 1870s Courbet was thought of as one of the leading artists in France. The emperor offered to make Courbet a member of the Légion d'honneur which was the highest honour in France, but Courbet refused to accept it. He believed that he belonged to the poor and ordinary people, not to the high and mighty.
At this time, there were many political problems in France. Courbet became involved in the political problems. In 1871, he was blamed because a public monument called the Vendôme Column had been demolished. He was put in prison for six months. In 1873, the new government expected him to pay to have the monument restored and put back. He did not have enough money so left France to live in Switzerland. The government decided to make terms so that Courbet could pay for the column in yearly payments of 10,000 francs for 33 years. Courbet died at La Tour-de-Peilz, Switzerland, on 31 December 1877, one day before the first payment was due. He was 58 and died of liver disease, made worse by heavy drinking.
Paul Le Guen
Paul Le Guen (born 1 March 1964) is a former French football player. He has played for France national team.
Kohei Matsushita
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Hideo Tanaka (born 1 March 1983) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Vissel Kobe.
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Oswaldo de Oliveira (born 5 December 1950) is a Brazilian football manager. He manages for Corinthians Paulista.
Yasuki Ishidate
Yasuki Ishidate (born 24 September 1984) is a former Japanese football player. He played for Tochigi UVA.
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Benoît Assou-Ekotto
Benoît Assou-Ekotto (born 24 March 1984) is a Cameroonian football player. He plays for Tottenham Hotspur and Cameroon national team.
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Yuki Tazawa
Yuki Tazawa (born 16 July 1979) is a former Japanese football player.
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Ibrahima Bakayoko
Ibrahima Bakayoko (born 31 December 1976) is a Côte d'Ivoire football player. He has played for Côte d'Ivoire national team.
Kazunori Hiraoka
Tadashige Teranishi
Tadashige Teranishi (25 April 1926 – 14 January 1999) is a former Japanese football player.
Tomotaka Fukagawa
Tomotaka Fukagawa (born 24 July 1972) is a former Japanese football player.
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Akihiro Tabata
Akihiro Tabata (born 15 May 1978) is a former Japanese football player.
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Mark Delaney
Mark Delaney (born 13 May 1976) is a former Welsh football player. He has played for Wales national team.
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Ricardo Vaz Tê
Ricardo Vaz Tê (born 1 October 1986) is a Portuguese football player. He plays for Bolton Wanderers.
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Naoki Kurimoto
Alexandre da Silva Gabriel
Alexandre da Silva Gabriel (born 9 May 1987) is a Brazilian football player.
Craig Beattie
Craig Beattie (born 16 January 1984) is a Scottish football player. He plays for Swansea City.
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Masayuki Nomura
Minoru Takenaka
Minoru Takenaka (born 19 November 1976) is a Japanese football player.
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Amauri
Amauri (born 3 June 1980) is a Brazilian-Italian football player. He plays for Juventus.
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Masaki Yanagawa
Masaki Yanagawa (born 1 May 1987) is a former Japanese football player. He has played for Ventforet Kofu.
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Yoshihiro Uchimura
Yoshihiro Uchimura (born 24 August 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Consadole Sapporo.
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Yusuke Murayama (born 10 June 1981) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Oita Trinita.
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Naoya Tamura (born 20 November 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Vegalta Sendai.
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Tomonobu Hayakawa
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Takanori Nakajima
Takanori Nakajima (born 9 February 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Avispa Fukuoka.
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Shu Abe
Shu Abe (born 7 June 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Avispa Fukuoka.
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Takanobu Komiyama
Takanobu Komiyama (born 3 October 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kawasaki Frontale.
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Dispute
A dispute/disagreement is a continuing disagreement carried on between two or more parties. The parties may be people, or they may be organisations or countries. Disputes can last a long time, and they can have serious results. Dispute may happen from controversy. Disputes may become conflicts. Disputes between individual people may lead to violence. Disputes between organisations may lead to legal action. Disputes between countries may lead to war.
Several factors make disputes more serious. Serious disputes may do a lot of damage to the people involved, and to their societies.
Disputes may last for long periods, and the longer they last, the more damage they may do. Where disputes involve religions, or hostile countries, they may last for more than a lifetime. Generations of children may be taught that their side is completely right, and the other wrong.
Disputes arise when there are conflicting needs, values or ideas. Differences of religion and culture are a common cause of disputes. Self-interest is a common cause of disputes between individuals.
A second factor is the use of books, newspapers, radio and television by each side to promote their side of the argument. This propaganda helps to continue and spread the dispute.
Laws may prevent freedom of speech, and prevent discussion in print or other media. This makes it difficult for either side to see merit in the other point of view. In turn, this makes it difficult for compromise or tolerance to dissolve the dispute.
The study of disputes and conflicts reached its peak during the Cold War. Then the West versus East conflict seemed to threaten world peace, and many ideas were put forward to use negotiation as a tool to calm the tension. Negotiation about the reduction of nuclear weapons was successful.
The tension was finally reduced by the unexpected end of the Soviet Union, and the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Eastern Europe. This was not achieved by negotiation. The reasons for the end of the Soviet Union are still being debated.
Professional help may be available. Between people, there are counsellors; between organisations there are specialists in conflict resolution; between countries there is the United Nations.
Some disputes do fade with the passage of time, though the time may be much longer than a human lifetime. Conflict between religions may fade only after centuries, and there is no known process of mediation.
All legal systems have provisions for making decisions in disputes. Usually the cases are based on claims about money, between individual people or between 'corporate entities'. These are companies or other organisations. Usually, the law can only be used if it can reach a decision based on evidence. Law textbooks list which disputes which may be addressed by law, and which can not.
Force has been used many times to enforce one side of the other to submit. Wars have been based on disputes, or disputes have been used as an excuse for wars. However, force has also been used to keep warring groups apart, and calm people down. Both the European Union and the United Nations have used peace-keeping forces in areas under violent dispute.
Education may be used to harden opinion and make a dispute worse, or it may be used to open people's minds to unpopular ideas. Education which helps people to think for themselves and keep an open mind is thought to reduce prejudice and conflict.
Democracy is one way of easing conflict within a country. It is not a perfect solution, for small groups may feel they are permanently excluded from power. Free speech and freedom from censorship exist to some extent in democracies. These freedoms are valuable to minority groups inside a country. Countries that have these freedoms are called open or liberal democracies.
Of course, there are many disputes between individual people, but disputes between large groups or nations are of very great importance.
Seating capacity
Seating capacity is the highest number of people who can sit in a specific space. This limit can be either from the amount of space available, or from a law saying how many people are allowed to be there at a time.
Seating capacity can be for different kinds of things. It can be the number of people who can fit in a vehicle, for example an automobile or an airplane. It can also be for a stadium. The largest sports building in the world, the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, has a permanent seating capacity of more than 257,000 people. Seats can be added on the field to raise that number to about 400,000.
Apotropaic magic
Possession Island, Queensland
Possession Island is a small island in the Torres Strait, near Cape York in far northern Queensland, Australia.
The island is called Bedanug or Bedhan Lag by the indigenous Australian people, the Kaurareg people. During his first voyage of discovery James Cook sailed north along the east coast of Australia, landing at Botany Bay. Reaching the tip of Queensland, he named and landed on Possession Island, just before sunset on Wednesday 22 August 1770. He said that the east coast was now British territory under the control of King George III.
He wrote in his journal:
In 2001, the Kaurareg successfully claimed native title rights over the island (and other nearby islands).
Possession Island is located at the centre of the Possession Island National Park. This park has an area of 5.10 km², and was made a protected area in 1977. It is looked after by the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service.
Martin Gardner
Martin Gardner (October 21, 1914–May 22, 2010) was an American writer. He had many interests, so he wrote about many topics. He wrote about mathematics, magic, literature, philosophy, skepticism, and religion. He wrote the "Mathematical Games" column in the "Scientific American" magazine from 1956 to 1981. After that, he wrote the "Notes of a Fringe Watcher" column in the "Skeptical Inquirer" magazine. He published over 70 books.
Gardner also sometimes wrote under pen names. As "Uriah Fuller" he wrote "Confessions of a Psychic". As "George Groth", he criticized his book, "The Whys of a Philosophical Scrivener".
Note: Gardner also wrote some books on magic for professional magicians. These books are not listed here.
Martin Gardner's columns from "Scientific American" are printed in 15 books. Don Knuth calls these books "the Canon".
Three other books print some or all of Martin Gardner's columns from Scientific American:
Holes is a novel written by Louis Sachar. It was published on August 20, 1998 by Farrar, Straus and Giroux, with cover art by Vladimir Radunsky. It won the Newbery Medal in 1999.
The novel is about Stanley Yelnats, a 15-year old boy who is sent by mistake to a camp for young criminals. At the camp, boys must dig holes in the ground in the middle of a hot desert. Stanley starts to think the camp's warden is looking for something. This story is told alongside two others stories: one about Stanley's great-great-grandfather, and another about the area where the camp is located.
In 2003, Disney released a movie which was based on this novel, which was directed by Andrew Davis and written by the author of "Holes" himself, Louis Sachar. In 2006, Sachar also published a companion novel called "Small Steps", which is about one of the characters from "Holes".
Nuclear fuel
Nuclear fuel is a material that can be consumed to take over nuclear energy, by analogy to chemical fuel that is burned for energy. Nuclear fuels are the most dense sources of energy available.
Most nuclear fuels contain heavy "fissile" elements which to undergo a nuclear fission chain reaction in a nuclear reactor. The most common nuclear fuels are uranium and plutonium but not all nuclear fuels are used in reactors. Some of them power radioisotope thermoelectric generators.
A manicure is something a nail technician does to make someone's nails more beautiful. Manicures can be done at home or by a professional in a nail salon.
During a manicure, the nail is filed with a nail file; the free edge of the nail is cut, the cuticle is treated, the person's hand is massaged and nail polish is put on.
5000 years ago, manicures were first used. Henna was used in India for manicure. The word mehendi, another word for henna, derives from the Sanskrit mehandika. Cixi, the Dowager Empress of China, had very long naturally-grown nails.
Dietitian
A dietitian or dietician is an expert in food and nutrition.
Dietitians help promote good health through proper eating. They often write custom diets for people.
In a medical setting they can give food supplements for those people who cannot get what they need because of swallowing problems.
Dietitians want to find, cook and serve tasty, attractive and healthy food to patients, their families and healthcare providers.
In many countries only people with specific degrees or certifications can call themselves dietitians.
The term nutritionist is widely used as it is not controlled like the title dietitian, but the word nutritionist can be used without having the qualifications of registered dietitians.
A nutritionist is not a dietitian as he is not registered to a national board and does not have the same qualifications.
Dietitians are important in the medical multidisciplinary team because they are experts in nutrition and can give advice to doctors, nurses, and other health care workers.
Dietitians supervise the preparation and service of food, help in research, and teach people on how to eat well.
Mycology is the study of fungi (fungus). This includes their genetics, their biochemical properties (the chemical processes in them), their classification, their use to humans and their dangers (poisonous or infectious). Fungi are a source of tinder (easily combustible material to light fires), medicines, food, and entheogens (a psychoactive substance).
A biologist who studies mycology is called a mycologist.
Mycology is closely related to phytopathology (the study of plant diseases), because most plant diseases are caused by fungi.
Historically, mycology was a branch of botany (plant biology). Now fungi are known to be more closely related to animals than to plants.
Fungi are fundamental (essential) for life on Earth. they are symbionts (an organism living in a mutually beneficial relationship with another organism from a different species). They can break down complex organic biomolecules, and so they are a link in the global carbon cycle.
Andoni Iraola
Andoni Iraola (born 22 June 1982) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Athletic Bilbao and Spain national team.
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Doniéber Alexander Marangon
Doniéber Alexander Marangon (born 22 October 1979) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Roma.
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Luciano Spalletti
Yoichi Kamimaru
Ryosuke Sasagaki
Ryosuke Sasagaki (born 13 January 1985) is a former Japanese football player.
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Kengo Kawamata
Kawamata was born in Saijo on October 14, 1989. When he played for Komatsu High School, he also played for J2 League club Ehime FC in 2006. After graduating from the high school, he joined J1 League club Albirex Niigata in 2008. He played many matches from 2011. In 2012, he moved to J2 club Fagiano Okayama on loan. He scored 18 goals in the 2012 season. In 2013, he returned to Niigata. In 2013, he scored 23 goals and was selected J.League Best Eleven. In August 2014, he moved to Nagoya Grampus and played in 3 seasons. In 2017, he moved to Júbilo Iwata. Although he scored many goals until 2018, he could not play in the match in 2019 and Iwata was relegated to J2 end of the 2019 season. In 2020, he moved to J2 club JEF United Chiba.
On March 27, 2015, Kawamata debuted for the Japan national team against Tunisia. He played 9 games and scored 1 goals for Japan until 2018.
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Tiko
Tiko (born 15 September 1976) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for the national football team of Spain.
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Daniel Aranzubia
Daniel Aranzubia (born 18 September 1979) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Deportivo La Coruña.
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Daichi Matsuyama
Tatsuya Asanuma
Tatsuya Asanuma (born 13 July 1970) is a former Japanese football player.
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Ippei Saga
Ippei Saga (born 20 May 1980) is a former Japanese football player.
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Ryuhei Niwa
Ryuhei Niwa (born 13 January 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Sagan Tosu.
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Kim Nam-Il (born May 1, 1977) is a South Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player. He was a member of the Korean national team.
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Srečko Katanec
Srečko Katanec (born 16 July 1963) is a former Slovenian football player. He has played for Yugoslavia national team and Slovenia national team.
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Takahiro Kuniyoshi
Takahiro Kuniyoshi (born 28 May 1988) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Ventforet Kofu.
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Kim Dong-Jin (born 29 January 1982) is a South Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player. He was a member of the Korean national team.
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Keisuke Shimizu (born 25 November 1988) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Oita Trinita.
Tatsuya Ikeda (born 18 May 1988) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Oita Trinita.
Kyohei Sugiura
Takafumi Mikuriya
Takafumi Mikuriya (born 11 May 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Thespa Kusatsu.
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Webster-Hayne debate
The Webster-Hayne debate was a famous debate in the United States between Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina. It happened on January 19-27, 1830. It was about protectionist tariffs. The speeches between Webster and Hayne themselves were not planned. They had burst forth from arguments about a decision by Connecticut Senator Samuel Foote. Foote had temporarily stopped land surveying until land already on the market was sold. Webster's "Second Reply to Hayne" (1830) was widely seen as "the most eloquent speech ever delivered in Congress."
Webster described the US government as "made for the people, made by the people, and answerable to the people". This influenced Abraham Lincoln later. He spoke the words "government of the people, by the people, for the people" in his Gettysburg Address.
Point Hicks
Point Hicks, once called Cape Everard, is a coastal headland on the east coast of Victoria, Australia. It is now a part of the Croajingolong National Park.
Point Hicks is where, on 19 April 1770, the continent of Australia was first sighted by the men on Captain Cook's "Endeavour" voyage. Cook wrote that it was Lieutenant Zachary Hickes who first saw land, and Cook named the point after him. Hickes spelt his name with an "e", Cook wrote both "Hicks" and "Hickes" in different places. The spelling "Hicks" is now in use for the point.
When George Bass sailed past the area at the end of 1797 he did not locate the point. It did not appear on the charts Matthew Flinders made of their voyages, and the name fell into disuse.
The point came to be known as Cape Everard. The first use of that name is said to be by hydrographer John Lort Stokes who surveyed the coast in the "Beagle" in 1843. It is thought he named it after fellow naval officer John Everard Home, but his maps do not use the name.
The first map showing Cape Everard was by surveyor George Douglas Smythe, made in 1852 and published in 1853. If he thought of the name, he may have named it after William Everard, commissioner of crown lands.
The name Cape Everard was used until 1970. There has been doubt and arguments about exactly what Cook saw. The actual latitude and longitude he gave () is a location many miles out to sea.
Point Hicks was renamed as part of Cook's bicentenary. Victorian Premier Henry Bolte announced the new name in a ceremony at the point on 20 April 1970 (this was the 200th anniversary; Cook's 19 April was by nautical time, i.e. not adjusted for the International Date Line).
A lighthouse was built on the point in 1887/8 and started operation in 1890. It was built from concrete and with wooden lighthouse keepers houses. It was connected to mains electricity in 1965, and then to solar power recently. The keepers' cottages are today used as holiday houses. With 37 metres of height it is the tallest lighthouse on Australia's mainland. Its light is a double white flash every ten seconds, from a height of 56 metres above sea level.
Hobo Spider
A Hobo Spider is a spider like funnel-web spiders. Their bite is very bad and could send you to the hospital. It can be found in North America, Europe and Central Asia.
Fethullah Gülen
Fethullah Gülen (born 27 April 1941) is a Turkish preacher, author, educator and Muslim scholar. He lives in self-imposed exile in Pennsylvania (USA).
Gülen teaches a moderate version of Sunni / Hanafi Islam, deriving from that of Said Nursi's teachings and modernizing them. Gülen condemns terrorism, supports communication between people of different religions, and has initiated such dialogue with the Vatican and some Jewish organisations. Until 2013 he was an ally of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who later blamed him for the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt. He operates a worldwide organisation called the Gülen Movement also known as FETÖ.
Fethullah Gülen's attitude towards hijab has changed over time. In the past, Gülen, who regarded the unwinding of even a strand of women's hair as a great sin, suggested that women should cover their whole body by using veils and gloves. In his last speeches, Gülen evaluated the headscarf as a füruat (minor details).
For Fethullah Gülen, to allow views opposed to belief in creation is a devastating delusion and evolution, a Darwin fallacy.
According to Gülene, the creation of Adam as the first human and Eve from Adam's file bone are miracle creations that should not be addressed in the context of cause-effect relationship.
He wrote his anti-evolutionary ideas in his book "The Truth of Creation and Evolution". This book was prepared by compiling his speeches at the meetings he held against Darwinism and evolution. In the book; He states that biology science is a <nowiki> "fantasy" </nowiki>, and that the greatest biology fantasy is the theory of evolution.
Thrace (: "Thráke"; ; "Trakiya", ) is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe. It was bounded by the Balkan Mountains on the north, Rhodope Mountains and the Aegean Sea on the south, and by the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara on the east. Thrace included areas which are now southeastern Bulgaria, northeastern Greece, and the European part of Turkey. The Thracians were an ancient Indo-European people. They lived in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe.
The indigenous population of Thrace was a people called the Thracians. They were divided into many tribal groups. Thracian troops were known to be used in the Persian army. Many of them went with neighbouring ruler Alexander the Great when he crossed the Hellespont (which is next to Thrace) during his invasion of the Persian Empire.
The Thracians were divided into separate tribes. They did not form a lasting political organization until the Odrysian state was founded in the 4th century BC. Like Illyrians, Thracian tribes of the mountainous regions had a warrior tradition. The tribes based in the plains were more peaceable. Recent funeral mounds in Bulgaria suggest that Thracian kings did rule regions of Thrace with distinct Thracian national identity.
Thrace was conquered by Alexander. It later regained its freedom. It was conquered after several attempts by the Romans in 46 AD, in the reign of Claudius. They became a province, and later four provinces, of the Roman Empire. Finally, as the Empire crumbled, Thrace suffered more than a thousand years of conflict and conquest by stronger forces. It never regained its independence.
The Thracians did not describe themselves as such and "Thrace" and "Thracians" are simply the names given them by the Greeks.
David Draiman
David Draiman (born March 13, 1973) is singer and founding member of the hard rock band Disturbed
"Forsaken" (2002) – a song released on the Queen of the Damned soundtrack
Al Jackson, Jr.
Alan "Al" Jackson, Jr. (November 27, 1935 - December 1, 1975) was an American jazz musician and drummer. He formed the funk and jazz group, Booker T & the MG's.
Jackson was born in Memphis, Tennessee in 1935. He played drums in recording sessions for many other musicians, including Otis Redding and Wilson Pickett. Booker T. & the MG's had several successful records including "Green Onions", "Hip Hug-Her", "Hang 'Em High" and "Time Is Tight".
Jackson was murdered at his home in 1975.
A few months before his death, he was attacked and wounded by his girlfriend and manager, Denise LaSalle.
Jackson was shot dead in his home at 3 am. His wife, who before this had shot him in the chest, said that a burglar came into their house, tied her up, and shot him when he came home. Police said that nothing had been taken from the house, and Jackson's wallet was still on his body. Official investigations ruled out robbery.
Police believe the person who shot Jackson was killed after a gun battle with police on July 15, 1976.
Tatsuyuki Tomiyama
Tatsuyuki Tomiyama (born 27 August 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Gainare Tottori.
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Takatoshi Matsumoto
Takatoshi Matsumoto (born 5 September 1983) is a Japanese football player.
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Junya Kuno
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Zesh Rehman
Zesh Rehman or Zeshan Rehman (born 14 October 1983) is a Pakistani football player. He has played for Pakistan national team.
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Hiroshi Ichihara
Hiroshi Ichihara (born 24 April 1987) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Sagan Tosu.
Kazuhiro Kawata
Kazuhiro Kawata (born 11 June 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Akita Cambiare.
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Abdoulaye Méïté
Abdoulaye Méïté (born 6 October 1980) is a Côte d'Ivoire football player. He plays for West Bromwich Albion and Côte d'Ivoire national team.
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Istanbul Park
Istanbul Park, also known as the Istanbul Racing Circuit or initially "Istanbul Otodrom", is a motor sports racetrack(a place where cars drive with each other to see who is fastest) in Akfırat County east of Istanbul, Turkey. It opened on 21 August 2005. It has been called "the best race track in the world" by Formula One(a type of sport) leader Bernie Ecclestone. The main use of the circuit (track) is the Formula One Turkish Grand Prix.
Istanbul Park is in Pendik district on the Asian side of Istanbul(a city). It is close to the TEM motorway (a highway), that connects Istanbul to Ankara, the capital of Turkey. It is near the new Sabiha Gökçen International Airport(a place where planes(stuff that can fly) fly to and from). It is in an area with a lot of trees and fields.
The track is long, and has an average width of . The main straight is over in length. The track has 14 corners.