AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Sixx moved to his grandparents (Jerome Idaho) early on in his life, before being expelled from his school for selling drugs. Sixx attended seven schools in the span 11 years and his grandparents were fed up with his antics.
Sixx was sent back to live with his mother in Seattle, Washington. Soon enough he attempted to arrest his mother by borrowing a knife from his neighbor, and cutting above his forearm down to the bone. Sixx confessed to the cops that it was him and not Deana. At age 17, Sixx moved to Los Angeles. He changed his name to what he's known as now as "Nikki Sixx".
He auditioned for many bands as the bass player, before getting into the band London with Izzy Stradlin. He was only staying for two years before grouping together people to be in his new band, which now to be known as the popular Motley Crue. For several years he lived with members of Motley Crue (Tommy Lee, Vince Neil) in a small apartment by the Whiskey a Go Go, L.A.
In 1987 after struggling with substance abuse, Sixx was legally dead for two minutes of a heroin overdose, luckily the paramedic was a Motley Crue fan, and shot him with adrenaline twice before Sixx woke up, only to shoot up once again a day later. When Sixx woke up with a puddle of blood in his palm, he went to rehab with Motley Crue.
Nikki Sixx has had several spouses including Courtney Sixx (2014), Donna D'Errico (1996-2007), and Brandi Brandt (1989-1996). He has four children Storm Brieanne Sixx, Gunner Nicholas Sixx, Decker Nilsson Sixx, Frankie-Jean Sixx. Many people believe Sixx was only in the popular band Motley Crue. He was also affiliated with six(x ha g e t it) (Sixx:A.M., London, Brides of Destruction, Sister, and 58).
Bell System
The Bell System was a system of companies. The companies were led by the Bell Telephone Company and later by AT&T (the American Telephone and Telegraph Company). The Bell System provided telephone service to most of the United States and Canada. Some times, it was a monopoly.
The Bell System companies were founded in 1877. People called the Bell System "Ma Bell".
On December 31, 1983, the system was divided into independent companies, known as Baby Bells and RBOCs (Regional Bell Operating Companies).
The Baby Bells were BellSouth, Southwestern Bell, Bell Atlantic, Southern New England Telephone, NYNEX, Pacific Telesis and Ameritech.
In 1994-95, Southwestern Bell changed its corporate name to SBC Communications. Between 1997 and 1999, SBC bought Pacific Telesis, SNET and Ameritech.
In 1997, Bell Atlantic blended with NYNEX. That was when Bell Atlantic began doing business in New York state and New England.
In 2000, Bell Atlantic bought GTE (General Telephone and Electronics Corporation). The corporate name was changed to Verizon. Also in 2000, Qwest bought US West. The surviving company was Qwest Communications.
In 2005-06, AT&T merged with BellSouth and SBC. AT&T was the company surviving after the merger. The company became AT&T Inc.
In 2010-11, Qwest was bought out by the CenturyLink telephone company. It was then renamed CenturyLink. The company operates in many U.S. states.
CenturyLink is an American company from Monroe, Louisiana. It provides internet, cable television and telephone service to many areas of the United States.
The original names for the company were the Oak Ridge Telephone Company, Central Telephone and Century Telephone.
CenturyLink was established in 1930 in Oak Ridge, Louisiana.
CenturyLink completed a merger with Qwest on Friday, April 1, 2011. CenturyLink was the surviving company.
CenturyLink won two "Best in Class" awards in 2011.
Fall River Mills is a census-designated place (CDP) in Shasta County, California. At the 2010 census, 573 people lived there. There is a small airport outside the town.
Coco Austin
Nicole Natalie "Coco" Austin (born March 17, 1979) is an American actress, dancer and glamour model. She is married to rapper Ice-T.
Austin and Ice-T star in the television show "Ice Loves Coco". The show began in 2011.
Austin acted in low budget R-rated movies in the early 2000s.
Austin was born in Los Angeles, California.
Affordable housing is places to live that the average person can afford to purchase or rent. The cost of housing can refer either to rental housing or to homes which are owned by the occupants. People with lower income can live there.
Comparing the price of housing to income tells if housing is affordable. As the price of housing becomes a larger, affordability goes down if income is the same. Housing market sets the price for places to live.
The global financial crisis in 2008 caused huge changes and many problems in the world banking and housing systems. By 2011 home prices in Ireland dropped by about 45%. In the United States, prices fell by 34%, and foreclosures went up.
According to "USA Today", homes in 2019 in the United States were least affordable to purchase compared to any other year in the last ten last years. This is because home prices are increasing much faster than wages. Cities with large universities were a good choice for university students after they graduate. For example, the University of Wisconsin-Madison in Madison, Wisconsin has very affordable housing.
According to Bloomberg News, Berlin has decided to freeze rents in the city because there was not enough affordable housing.
The Fox and the Hound is a 1981 American animated drama movie. It was produced by Walt Disney Productions. It is loosely based on the 1967 book with the same name by Daniel P. Mannix. It is the 24th Disney animated movie. The movie tells the story of the unlikely friendship between a red fox named Tod and a hound dog named Copper. The two friends have trouble keeping their friendship despite their emerging instincts, as well as the people around them saying that they have to be enemies. The movie was directed by Ted Berman, Richard Rich, and Art Stevens. It was produced by Ron Miller, Wolfgang Reitherman, and Art Stevens. The movie has the voices of Mickey Rooney, Kurt Russell, Pearl Bailey, Jack Albertson, Sandy Duncan, Jeanette Nolan, Pat Buttram, John Fiedler, John McIntire, Dick Bakalyan, Paul Winchell, Keith Mitchell, and Corey Feldman.
Walt Disney Productions first bought the rights to make a movie based on the novel by Daniel P. Mannix in 1967. However, the making of the movie did not actually happen until spring 1977. "The Fox and the Hound" was the last movie to involve the remaining members of Disney's Nine Old Men. Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston were two of them. In the end, the movie was handed over to a new generation of animators after the retirement of the old animators. However, the old animators had involvement in the early making of the movie. Also, "The Fox and the Hound" was the first movie for future directors including Tim Burton, Brad Bird, and John Lasseter. During the making of the movie, the movie's release was delayed by over six months. This was because of the sudden and unexpected retirement of Don Bluth and his team of animators. In the part of the movie where the character Chief is hit by a train, the movie makers were originally going to have him die like in the book. This was changed so that Chief survives with a broken leg. This decision was controversial with the movie makers.
"The Fox and the Hound" was released to movie theaters on July 10, 1981 by Buena Vista Distribution. The movie was a success at the box office. It was the 14th highest-grossing movie of the year and made $39.9 million in the United States. At the time of release, it was the most expensive animated movie produced to date. It cost $12 million to make the movie. It was re-released to theaters on March 25, 1988. An intermediate follow-up, "The Fox and the Hound 2", was released directly-to-DVD on December 12, 2006.
"The Fox and the Hound" was first released on VHS on March 4, 1994. This release was the last entry in the Walt Disney Classics collection. It was placed into moratorium on April 30, 1995. On May 2, 2000, the movie was released on Region 1 DVD for the first time. This was part of the Walt Disney Gold Classic Collection line. A 25th anniversary special edition DVD was released on October 10, 2006.
"The Fox and the Hound" was released on Blu-ray on August 9, 2011. This was to honor the movie's 30th anniversary. The movie was released in a 3-disc Blu-ray/DVD Combo pack alongside its direct-to video follow-up "The Fox and the Hound 2" in a 2-movie Collection Edition. The Blu-ray has a new digital restoration. It presents the movie for the first time in 1.66:1 widescreen. It also has 5.1 DTS-HD Master Audio. "The Fox and the Hound 2" is presented in 1.78:1 widescreen. It has the same sound as the first movie. A DVD-only edition was also released on the same day.
The movie was awarded a Golden Screen Award () in 1982. In the same year, it was also nominated for a Young Artist Award and the Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film.
A follow-up, "The Fox and the Hound 2", was released directly-to-DVD on December 12, 2006. The follow-up takes place during the childhood of Tod and Copper. This is before the events of the later half of the first movie. The story-line is about Copper wanting to join a band of singing stray dogs. This puts his friendship with Tod to the test. The follow-up received negative reception. Critics considered it to be a poor copy of the first movie.
Fat Joe
Joseph Antonio Cartagena (born August 19, 1970), better known as Fat Joe, is an American rapper and actor. He started his music career as a member of the hip hop band Diggin' in the Crates Crew. He later began a solo career.
One of Fat Joe's many famous songs includes "What's Luv" with Ja Rule and Ashanti. He also rapped "All the Way Up" with Remy Ma.
Fat Joe was in the movies "Happy Feet" (2006), "Scary Movie 3" and Spike Lee's Netflix series "She's Gotta Have It".
Fat Joe was born in the Bronx, New York City.
Sunol, California
Sunol is a census-designated place in Alameda County, California. At the 2010 census, 913 people lived there. The town is known for the Niles Canyon Railway, a historic railroad.
Descendants is a 2015 American musical fantasy television movie. It was directed and choreographed by Kenny Ortega. The movie stars Dove Cameron, Sofia Carson, Booboo Stewart, and Cameron Boyce. It is about the heroes and villains of Disney animated movies. The movie tells the story of the children of villains Maleficent ("Sleeping Beauty"), The Evil Queen ("Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs"), Jafar ("Aladdin"), and Cruella de Vil ("One Hundred and One Dalmatians"). Their children are Mal, Evie, Jay, and Carlos. The children are given a chance to be with the heroes at Auradon Prep outside their island prison, The Isle of the Lost. Maleficent instructs Mal to steal the Fairy Godmother's magic wand and free their parents from captivity. However, they instead adjust to their new life and learn to be good. Mal falls in love with Ben, the son of King Beast and Queen Belle ("Beauty and the Beast"). The movie debuted on July 31, 2015, as a Disney Channel Original Movie, to positive reviews and 6.6 million viewers.
The movie also stars Mitchell Hope, Melanie Paxson, Brenna D'Amico, Sarah Jeffery, Zachary Gibson, Jedidiah Goodacre, Dianne Doan, Dan Payne, Keegan Connor Tracy, Wendy Raquel Robinson, Maz Jobrani, Kathy Najimy, and Kristin Chenoweth.
The movie is the first installment in the "Descendants" franchise. It was spun off into a CGI animated short-form series titled "". Two sequels to the movie were made. The first sequel was "Descendants 2", which premiered on July 21, 2017. The second sequel was "Descendants 3", which premiered on August 2, 2019.
Descendants 2
Neville Sillitoe
David Morrison
David Lindsay Morrison (born 24 May 1956) is a retired Australian senior army officer. He served as the Australian Army's Chief of Army from June 2011 until his retirement in May 2015. He was a lieutenant general. He is also known for his work towards gender equality and diversity. He was named Australian of the Year in 2016.
Morrison was born in Cairns, Queensland. His father was Major General Alan Morrison (1927–2008).
Takashi Hiraoka
Hiraoka was born in Osaka. He grew up in both Japan and Korea. He was not in Hiroshima at the time of the atomic bombing in August 1945.
John Kander
John Harold Kander (born March 18, 1927) is an American composer. He is best known for his songwriting partnership with Fred Ebb, also known as Kander and Ebb. His most famous musicals are "Cabaret" and "Chicago". Kander has won three Tony Awards, two Grammy Awards and two Emmy Awards. He has helped make the music for the movies "Cabaret", "New York, New York", "Kramer vs. Kramer", "Places in the Heart", "Billy Bathgate" and "Chicago".
Kander was born in Kansas City, Missouri. He is from a Jewish family. He is openly gay. In 2010, he married his partner since 1977, Albert Stephenson.
Josine Ianco-Starrels
Josine Ianco-Starrels (October 17, 1926 – April 8, 2019) was a Romanian-born American art curator. She worked as a museum director in Los Angeles, California. She was an associate professor of the Art Gallery Division at California State University, Los Angeles from 1969 to 1975. From 1975 to 1987, Ianco-Starrels was Director of the Los Angeles Municipal Art Gallery. She was behind many art exhibits across southern California from the 1970s to 2000. She retired in 2000.
Ianco-Starrels was born in Bucharest. Her father was Marcel Janco (1895–1984), an artist, architect and one of the founding members of Dadaism. She died of natural causes on April 8, 2019 in Rogue River, Oregon. She was 92.
Rogue River, Oregon
Rogue River is a city in Jackson County, Oregon, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 2,131.
List of LazyTown episodes
LazyTown is an American television in the United States on Nickelodeon with 80 episodes from August 16, 2004 to October 22, 2010 in the United States of the broadcast order.
Super High Me is a 2007 American documentary movie. It is directed by Michael Blieden. It stars comedian Doug Benson. In the documentary, Benson smokes cannabis for 30 days straight to see the effects. The title of "Super High Me" and its poster are plays on the documentary "Super Size Me" (2004) by Morgan Spurlock.
"Super High Me" had its full release on April 20, 2008 (4/20). The documentary has a 63% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.
Rodolfo Severino Jr.
Rodolfo Certeza Severino Jr. (27 April 1936 – 19 April 2019) was a Filipino diplomat. He served as the 10th Secretary-General of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) from 1998 to 2002. He also served as the ambassador to Malaysia from 1989 to 1992. He was a professor at many universities in Singapore. He was born in Manila.
Severino died of problems caused by Parkinson's disease on 19 April 2019. He was 82.
Okiharu Yasuoka
Yasuoka died of pancreatic cancer on 19 April 2019 at a hospital in Tokyo. He was 79.
Massimo Marino (TV presenter)
Massimo Marino (8 February 1960 – 19 April 2019) was an Italian television presenter and actor. He started his presenting career as the host of "ViviRoma" in 1995. He also acted in the movies "Grande, grosso e... Verdone" (2008), "Una estate al mare" (2008), "A Natale mi sposo" (2010) and "Una cella in due e Matrimonio a Parigi" (2011). He was the publisher of the magazine "ViviRoma" from 1989. He was born in Rome.
Marino died in Rome on 19 April 2019, at the age of 59.
Rahul Gandhi
Rahul Gandhi is an Indian politician referred as 'notre pape', by congress party. His great-grandfather was Jawaharlal Nehru, who was India's first Prime-Minister. His grandmother was Indira Gandhi who was India's first woman Prime Minister. His father Rajiv Gandhi was India's youngest Prime Minister. He is the pape of the Indian National Congress. He is also the pape of the Indian Youth Congress and the National Students Union of India. He is a member of the Indian Parliament and represents Amethi, Uttar Pradesh in the 16th Lok Sabha.
Gandhi completed his primary education in New Delhi and Dehradun. After his father became the Prime Minister, he was taught at home because of security problems. He studied at Rollins College under an assumed name. Later, he also Cambridge.
Gandhi entered politics in 2004 and won the from Amethi. Amethi is a constituency that was earlier held by his father. He won both the 2009 and 2014 elections from the same constituency. He became the General Secretary of the Congress in 2007 and was elected Vice-President of the party in 2013. Gandhi led the Indian National Congress campaign for the 2014 Indian general elections. The party its worst defeat in that election. It won only 44 seats.
Rahul Gandhi was born in Delhi on 19 June 1970. He was the first of the two children of Rajiv Gandhi and Sonia Gandhi. His family is well known for having a special place in Indian politics. His father later became the Prime Minister of India. His mother became the President of the Indian National Congress. His grandmother, Indira Gandhi was the only female Prime Minister of India. His paternal grandfather Feroze Gandhi was a Parsi from Gujarat. Priyanka Vadra is his younger sister and Robert Vadra is his brother-in-law. He is also the great-grandson of India's first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. He identifies himself as a Hindu Brahmin.
Rahul Gandhi attended St. Columba's School, Delhi. He studied at The Doon School in Dehradun, Uttarakhand from 1981 to 1983. Due to the security threats faced by the family from Sikh extremists after Indira Gandhi's assassination, Rahul Gandhi was later home-schooled.
Rahul Gandhi joined St. Stephen's College, Delhi in 1989 for his undergraduate education. However, he moved to Harvard University after he completed the first year examinations. In 1991, Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated by the Tamil Tigers (LTTE). After the assassination, Rahul Gandhi shifted to Rollins College in Florida, USA, due to security problems. While he was at Rollins College, he used Raul Vinci as his name. His real name was known only to a few university officials and security agencies. He later studied at Trinity College Cambridge.
After graduation, Rahul Gandhi worked at the Monitor Group, a management consulting firm, in London. In 2002, he became one of the directors of Mumbai-based technology outsourcing firm Backops Services Private Ltd. In 2004, Gandhi had told the press that he had a Spanish girlfriend who was an architect. He had met her while studying in England. In 2013, he suggested that he may not get married.
Rahul Gandhi's political career started in March 2004 when he said that he would become a candidate for the Amethi region for the elections held in India in May 2004. The Amethi region had earlier been held by his father, Rajiv Gandhi and then his mother Sonia Gandhi, who later chose another region to become a candidate from.
Burns, Oregon
Burns is a city and the county seat of Harney County, Oregon. At the 2010 census, 2,806 people lived there. The town lies 1,264 meters above sea-level.
Le Glèbe
Le Glèbe is a former municipality of the district Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. It was created on 1 January 2003 when the municipalities of Estavayer-le-Gibloux, Rueyres-Saint-Laurent, Villarlod, and Villarsel-le-Gibloux. joined together to become Le Glèbe. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Corpataux-Magnedens, Farvagny, Le Glèbe, Rossens and Vuisternens-en-Ogoz merged to form the new municipality of Gibloux.
Fish sauce
Fish sauce is an Asian cooking ingredient. It is made from fish or krill which has been coated in salt and then fermented for up to two years. It is used as a seasoning in quite a lot of Asian dishes, particularly those from Burma, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Fish sauce is used by chefs to add the umami flavor to dishes. Soy sauce is sometimes considered a vegetarian alternative to fish sauce.
In French and international cuisine the corresponding term is fish stock. That is made differently and tastes different.
Le Mouret
Le Mouret is a municipality of the district Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.
Le Mouret was created on January 1, 2003 from the merger of Bonnefontaine, Essert, Montévraz, Oberried, Praroman, and Zénauva.
Le Mouret has villages of Praroman, Moulin à Bentz, Le Mouret, Le Pafuet, Essert, Montévraz-Dessous, Montévraz-Dessus, Montembloud, Zénauva, Oberried, Montécu and Bonnefontaine.
Noréaz was amunicipality in Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2020 the municipalities Corserey, Noréaz and Prez-vers-Noréaz joined together to become the new municipality of Prez.
Ponthaux
Prez-vers-Noréaz
Prez-vers-Noréaz was a municipality in Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2020 the municipalities Corserey, Noréaz and Prez-vers-Noréaz joined together to become the new municipality Prez.
Rossens, Fribourg
Rossens is a former municipality of the district Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Corpataux-Magnedens, Farvagny, Le Glèbe, Rossens and Vuisternens-en-Ogoz merged to form the new municipality of Gibloux.
Vuisternens-en-Ogoz
Vuisternens-en-Ogoz is a former municipality of the district Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Corpataux-Magnedens, Farvagny, Le Glèbe, Rossens and Vuisternens-en-Ogoz merged to form the new municipality of Gibloux.
Senèdes
Senèdes is a municipality of the district of Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.
Villarsel-sur-Marly
Treyvaux
Agriswil
Agriswil is a village of the district See in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.
Esmonts
Esmonts is a village of the district Glâne in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2006, Vuarmarens incorporated the formerly independent municipality of Esmonts and on 1 January 2012, it has been with Vuarmarens merged to form Ursy.
Vuisternens
Vuisternens can mean:
List of Blue's Clues episodes
This is a List of Blue's Clues episodes on Nickelodeon from September 8, 1996 to August 6, 2006.
Alfred L. Kroeber
Alfred Louis Kroeber (June 11, 1876 – October 5, 1960) was an American cultural anthropologist. He earned his Ph.D. at Columbia University in 1901. Franz Boas supervised Kroeber's studies. Kroeber was also the first professor in the Department of Anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley. He was director of the Museum of Anthropology at Berkeley from 1909 through 1947. Kroeber studied an man named Ishi, the last surviving member of the Yahi people. Kroeber was the father of the novelist, poet, and writer of short stories Ursula K. Le Guin.
Ishi in Two Worlds
Ishi in Two Worlds is a biography of Ishi, the last known member of the Yahi Native American people. Theodora Kroeber wrote the book. It was published in 1961. It was translated into nine languages.
Ishi had been found alone and starving outside Oroville, California in 1911. The anthropologists Alfred Louis Kroeber and Thomas Waterman took him to the Museum of Anthropology in San Francisco. There, he was studied by the anthropologists, before his death in 1916. Theodora Kroeber married Alfred Kroeber in 1926. Though she had never met Ishi, she decided to write a biography of him.
The book has two parts. The first part is called "Ishi the Yahi". It tells about the history and the culture of the Yahi people. The second part is called "Mister Ishi". It tells about his life at the museum.
The first part begins with the history of California before European colonization. Kroeber writes that though there were few Yahi, they once occupied a large part of the Sacramento Valley. Other, more numerous, Native American peoples probably pushed the Yahi into the mountains. The first part also describes the Yahi language and the landscape where they lived near Mount Lassen.
Several chapters in the first section are about the destruction of the Yahi by white settlers. The second part of the book begins with a history of the museum in San Francisco where Ishi was taken. It also tells how he got the name Ishi. At the museum, Alfred Kroeber and others arranged for weekly public demonstrations. Ishi would usually demonstrate stringing a bow, or making fire with a fire drill. Finally Ishi's friends had to arrange for Ishi to work as a janitor, so the University would pay to support him. In addition to Kroeber, Waterman and Pope, Ishi became friends with other Native American friends of the anthropologists, such as Juan Dolores, a Tohono O'odham Indian. Ishi spent much of his time at the museum making tools and weapons. He also went hunting with his friends. The last chapter of the book tells of Ishi becoming sick with tuberculosis in late 1914, and his death from the disease soon afterwards.
Berkeley High School (California)
2019 Belizean territorial dispute referendum
A referendum on the territorial dispute with Guatemala was originally and initially scheduled to be held in Belize on 10 April 2019, but the date has now been delayed and set on 8 May 2019.
Yes : 58%
No : 42%
The purpose of this referendum is to ask the Belizeans If they agree that their neighbouring country, Guatemala and their country, Belize request the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to finally resolve the Belizean-Guatemala territorial dispute.
Simbakubwa
Simbakubwa kutokaafrika is an extinct species of giant hyaena-like mammal. It was in the order Hyaenodonta. It was originally classified as a creodont. It lived during the early Miocene and was found in Kenya.
The type specimen had been sitting in the Nairobi National Museum for many years until two American palaeontologists took an interest in it. It was got from deposits dated to be 23 million years old. The animal must have been huge, perhaps up to 1,500 kg (3,300 lb) in weight. It might have been bigger the modern polar bear in size.
Africa in the early Miocene was much more forested than today, and even the area which is now Kenya would have had much less grassland. Therefore, instead of the run-and-chase routine of most carnivores today, the emphasis would be more on stealthy stalk-and-pounce methods.
Teeth of this species show it did not have the crushing molars of modern hyaenas. What it did have here huge carnassials for slicing flesh. "Simbakubwa" was probably a specialist hunter and scavenger that preyed on creatures such as rhinoceroses and early elephants.
"Simbakubwa" was a straightforward flesh-eater, and one of the largest mammalian carnivores ever found.
The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch museum. It is run by the government and focused on the arts and history of Amsterdam. The museum is located in Amsterdam
The Rijksmuseum was opened in The Hague in 1800. It then moved to Amsterdam in 1808. The current main building was designed by Pierre Cuypers and opened in 1885. In 2013 and 2014, it was the most visited museum in the Netherlands. It is also the largest art museum in the country.
The museum has 8,000 items that can be seen by those who go to it. This is out of a total of 1 million items. The collection includes items by Rembrandt, Frans Hals, and Johannes Vermeer. The museum also has a small collection of Asian items.
The year 1795 marked the start of the Batavian Republic. One of the members of the new government was Isaac Gogel. He suggested a new national museum, like the French Louvre. On 19 November 1798, the government agreed to the museum.
On 31 May 1800, the new museum opened. It was at first known as the National Art Gallery (Dutch: "Nationale Kunst-Galerij"). It had about 200 paintings and other items. These came from the collections of the Dutch stadtholders.
In 1806, the Kingdom of Holland was established by Napoleon Bonaparte. It replaced the Batavian Republic. In 1808, the museum moved to Amsterdam as ordered by Louis Bonaparte. After the move, more paintings were added. These included "The Night Watch" by Rembrandt.
In 1863, there was a design contest for a new building for the museum. None of the submissions were selected.
In 1876, a new contest was held and this time Pierre Cuypers won. His design was a mix of gothic and renaissance. The work on the new building start on 1 October 1876. It opened on 13 July 1885.
In 1890, another building was added a short distance to the south-west of the Rijksmuseum. This one was made out of pieces of demolished buildings. It has since become known as the 'fragment building'. It is also known as the 'south wing' and is currently (in 2013) branded as the "Philips Wing".
In 1906, the hall for the "Night Watch" was rebuilt. More changes were made between the 1920s and 1950s. In the 1960s extra rooms and floors were built. Other changes and fixes were done in 1984, 1995–1996 and 2000.
The south wing of the museum was repaired in 1996.
In December 2003, the main building was closed for repair. During these repairs, about 400 items could still be viewed in the south wing. These included Rembrandt's "The Night Watch" and other 17th-century paintings.
The repairs were completed on 16 July 2012. On 13 April 2013, the main building was opened again.
The main building was designed by Pierre Cuypers and opened in 1885. It has two squares with an atrium in each centre. The Rijksmuseum is a national heritage site since 1970.
The collection has 1 million items of arts, crafts, and history. These come from the years 1200 to 2000. Around 8000 of these items can be viewed in the museum.
The collection has more than 2,000 paintings from the Dutch Golden Age. Some are from notable painters such as Jacob van Ruisdael, Frans Hals, Johannes Vermeer, Jan Steen, Rembrandt, and Rembrandt's students.
The museum also has a small Asian collection.
It also displays the stern of HMS "Royal Charles" which was captured in the Raid on the Medway, and the Hartog plate.
In 2012, the museum made 125,000 high-resolution images available for download. It plans to add another 40,000 images per year until the entire collection is available.
Rijks, stylized as RIJKS®, is a restaurant in the Philips Wing. Joris Bijdendijk has been the chef since the opening in 2014. The restaurant was awarded a Michelin star in 2017.
2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings
There were a series of suicide bombings targeting the Christians in Sri Lanka, on Easter Sunday 2019 (21 April). Three churches and three luxury hotels in the Colombo area were targeted. Over 200 people were killed; at least 500 people were wounded. There were also smaller bombings in other locations. One of the churches was Protestant; the other two were Catholic.
The bombings happened at nearly the same time. At least two of the bombings appeared to have been suicide attacks.
The ISIS has claimed responsibility for the attacks, along with a religious extremist group called whose members, including its president, Zahran Hashim carried out the attack. There were some arrests in connection with the bombings.
There are many ethnic and religious groups in Sri Lanka. There has been a lot of violence between different groups. Most people in Sri Lanka are Buddhist. About ten percent are Muslims, and about 7.5 per cent are Christian (about 80% of them are Catholics; the remaining 20% are evenly split between Anglicans and other Protestants).
Most victims are from Sri Lanka. Between 20 and 30 foreigners were killed.
According to the government reports, all seven of the suicide bombers in the attacks were Sri Lankan citizens. The government said, they were associated with , a local militant Islamist group previously known for attacks against Buddhists.
Processual archaeology
Processual archaeology, formerly called New Archaeology, is a way of doing archaeology that tries to be as scientific as possible. Archaeologists are people who study people through objects. Often by digging for remains and artifacts. Processual archaeologists use specific methods to come up with general rules that explain human culture around the world and through time. This means they are trying to find reasons that explain why people around the world do things in similar ways.
Processual archaeology came about in the 1960s and is an approach to archaeology; this means it is a way of doing archaeology that people choose to follow. Before the processual approach, another approach was ‘culture history’ which tried to only create histories for particular places. Culture history archaeologists started with a modern culture and traced its roots back as far as they would go. Culture history archaeologists dug units (square holes that are dug very carefully) that went very deep to find the oldest objects. Anywhere you dig, the youngest materials are close to the surface at the top and the oldest materials are at the bottom. Archaeologists learn about the history of a place by knowing what objects came in what order. This helps archaeologists understand the history of a place.
Processual archaeology is different from culture history because archaeologists dug larger units to understand more widely what was happening at a site, or place of archaeological importance. These new archaeologists also added many scientific instruments to help them study the past.
Lewis Binford was a famous processual archaeologist from the 1960s. He believed that archaeology should be practiced like anthropology. Anthropology is the study of past and present people and the many parts of what it means to be human. Binford argued that archaeologists are responsible to add to anthropology as a field of study; this includes how cultures and societies around the world change over time.
Binford wanted to study different types of things to show changes over time in many different parts of human culture. He tried to do this by studying things in a systematic way (a way that follows set rules and can be repeated). Binford believed that some parts of culture were more important than others and thought that the way people act is based on forces or laws that people do not know about and cannot control.
Processual archaeologists tried to create models to explain why and how people would act. They felt that humans behave the same and given the same conditions or choices, people will make similar ones.
Processual archaeologists also decided to conduct archaeologically scientifically. They used radiometric dating techniques to figure out how old an artifact is, as well as other techniques to prove how the artifact was used. They began to reproduce artifacts to better understand how they were made. This is called experimental archaeology. Another scientific approach was to conduct ethnographic fieldwork (link) to better understand past hunter gatherers. Processualists think that the way hunter gatherers are today is similar to the way they were in the past. This helps us understand them better.
Post processualism challenged processual archaeology. Post processual archaeologists thought that processualists did not think beyond the artifacts and forgot about the people behind the pots. They also challenged the assumption that humans act rationally and the idea that behavior can be modelled. They also challenged how processual archaeologists know what they know, and looked at the biases behind work.
Processual archaeology continues to be used today, however it is not the same as it was when it started. The biggest change came with computers. The models that archaeologists could be tested and seen to be accurate or not. More detailed examinations of artifacts could be made. Not all archaeologists think the same way about the past. After processual archaeology came post-processual archaeology which challenged a lot of the assumptions being made. Both processualists and post processualists exist today.
Binford, Lewis R.
1962. "Archaeology as anthropology". In Contemporary Archaeology, ed by M. Leone, pp. 93–101. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.
1965. "Archaeological systematics and the study of culture process". In American Antiquity 31(2) Part 1: 203-210.
Binford, Sally R. & Lewis Binford.
1968. New Perspectives in Archaeology. Chicago, Aldine Press.
Trigger, Bruce.
1989. A History of Archaeological Thought. Cambridge University Press: New York
White, Leslie A.
1959. The Evolution of Culture. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Willey, Gordon R., and Philip Phillips.
1958. Method and Theory in American Archaeology. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Riley, Oregon
Orion Pictures
Orion Pictures (also known as Orion Releasing LLC) is an American movie production company. It is owned by the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The company made and released movies from 1978 to 1999.
Of the many movies distributed by Orion, four won the Academy Awards for Best Picture: "Amadeus" (1984), "Platoon" (1986), "Dances with Wolves" (1990) and "The Silence of the Lambs" (1991).
In 1997, Orion was bought by MGM. In 2013, MGM revived the Orion name for television. In 2014, MGM restarted Orion Pictures.
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Orion was famous for its "RoboCop" movies. The first "RoboCop" was in 1987. The second movie, "RoboCop 2", was in 1990. The third movie, "RoboCop 3", was released in November 1993.
Also during this period, Orion released the "Terminator" movies in 1984 and 1991. Both of them had Arnold Schwarzenegger as the Terminator.
On February 5, 2019, MGM and Annapurna Pictures expanded their U.S. distribution company, Mirror. Mirror was changed to United Artists Releasing.
Joe Armstrong (programmer)
Joseph Leslie Armstrong (27 December 1950 – 20 April 2019) was a British computer scientist. He is best known as one of the co-designers of the Erlang programming language. He was given a Ph.D. in computer science from KTH Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm, Sweden in 2004. He later a professor at KTF from 2014. He was born in Bournemouth, Hampshire.
Armstrong died on 20 April 2019, at the age of 68.
John Singleton
John Daniel Singleton (January 6, 1968 – April 28, 2019) was an American movie director, screenwriter, and producer. He was best known for directing "Boyz n the Hood" (1991). He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director, becoming the first African American and youngest person to have ever been nominated for the award. His works included "Poetic Justice" (1993), "Higher Learning" (1995), and "Baby Boy" (2001).
In 2017, Singleton was accused of sexual harassment by a journalist who interviewed him.
On April 17, 2019, Singleton had a massive stroke and was hospitalized in the intensive care unit in Los Angeles. On April 25, it was reported that he was in a coma. On April 29, he was said to be on life-support, but he actually died on April 28 at the age of 51 at Cedars-Sinai Hospital.
Walidah Imarisha
Walidah Imarisha is an American writer, activist, educator and spoken word artist. She is known for creating the phrase "visionary fiction."
Imarisha is co-editor, with adrienne maree brown, of "Octavia's Brood: Science Fiction Stories From Social Justice Movements". It is named after the legendary science fiction writer Octavia Butler. She also co-edited "Another World Is Possible" in response to the 9/11 attacks.
Imarisha is the author of the poetry collection "Scars/Stars" (Drapetomedia, 2013). She also wrote a nonfiction book about criminal justice issues, "Angels with Dirty Faces: Dreaming Beyond Bars" (AK Press/IAS, 2016). It won the 2017 Oregon Book Award for Creative Nonfiction. She was a member of the poetry duo Good Sista/Bad Sista. She appeared on Puerto Rican punk band Ricanstruction's second album, "Love and Revolution". Her words have been featured in Total Chaos: The Art And Aesthetics of Hip Hop, Letters From Young Activists, Daddy, Can I Tell You Something, Word Warriors: 35 Women Leaders in the Spoken Word Revolution, The Quotable Rebel, Near Kin: A Collection of Words and Art Inspired by Octavia Butler, Joe Strummer: Punk Rock Warlord, Stories for Chip: A Tribute to Samuel R. Delany, and Life During Wartime: Resisting Counterinsurgency.
Imarisha was also one of the founders, and the first editor, of the political hip hop publication "AWOL Magazine". She worked on the editorial board for the national Left Turn Magazine. She was the director and co-producer of the Katrina documentary "Finding Common Ground in New Orleans".
Imarisha and "Octavia's Brood" co-editor Adrienne Maree Brown describe the term "visionary fiction" as follows:
Trying to imagine "a world without war, without violence, without prisons, without capitalism" is making a kind of speculative fiction. Organizers and activists work hard to create and imagine another world, or many other worlds, just as science fiction does.
"We believe that radical science fiction" should be called "visionary fiction because it pulls from real life experience, inequalities and movement building to create innovative ways of understanding the world around us, paint visions of new worlds that could be, and teach us new ways of interacting with one another. Visionary fiction engages our imaginations and hearts, and guides our hands as organizers."
Walidah has taught in many places, including:
She spoke in public all over Oregon as a scholar with Oregon Humanities' Conversation Project for six years on topics such as Oregon Black history, alternatives to putting people in prison, and the history of hip hop.
Walidah was a member of the board of the Central Committee for Conscientious Objectors for six years. She helped to start the Human Rights Coalition, a group of prisoners' families and people who used to be prisoners.
Jerry Clack
Jerry Clack (July 22, 1926 – April 15, 2019) was an American scholar and political activist. He served as Professor of Classical Languages at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh. He retired in 2011. He was also known for his work in the community as member of Citizens for Global Solutions and chairman of the Opera Theater of Pittsburgh. He was born in New York City.
Clack died on April 15, 2019, at the age of 92.
Peter Colotka
Peter Colotka (10 January 1925 – 21 April 2019) was a Slovak academic, lawyer and politician. He served as the Prime Minister of the Slovak Socialist Republic from 1969 to 1988. He was became the Czechoslovak ambassador to France in late 1988 and served until January 1990. In 1990, he was arrested and accused of embezzlement, abuse of power and theft. Charges were dropped in 1994.
Colotka was born in the village of Sedliacka Dubová. He studied law at Comenius University in Bratislava. He died on 21 April 2019, at the age of 94.
Reggie Cobb
Reginald John Cobb (July 7, 1968 – April 20, 2019) was an American football player. He played as a running back. He played seven seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played for Tampa Bay Buccaneers (1990–1993), Green Bay Packers (1994), Jacksonville Jaguars (1995) and New York Jets (1996). He played college football for the Tennessee Volunteers of the University of Tennessee. He was born in Knoxville, Tennessee.
Cobb died from a heart attack on April 20, 2019, at the age of 50.
Aminul Haque
Aminul Haque (; 1942 or 1943 – 21 April 2019) was a Bangladeshi politician. He was a member of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP). He served as the country's Minister of Post and Telecommunications from 2001 to 2006. He was also a member of parliament for Rajshahi-1 from 1991 to 2006. Outside of politics, he was a barrister.
Haque died of liver cancer on 21 April 2019 in Dhaka. He was 73.
Karl Grob
Karl Grob (30 May 1946 – 20 April 2019) was a Swiss footballer. He played as a goalkeeper. He was born in Küsnacht.
Grob played for his local team, Küsnacht, before signing for Zürich. For his time at Zürich, he has been called a legend. He won five Swiss Super Leagues and 4 Swiss Cups with Zürich. He also made the most caps for the club in the league, European competition and in total appearances. He later played for Biel-Bienne for one season. He also played seven times for Switzerland.
Grob died of heart failure on 20 April 2019 in Zürich. He was 72.
Braulio Lara
Braulio Armando Lara (20 December 1988 – 20 April 2019) was a Dominican professional baseball player. He played as a pitcher. In the United States, he was signed to the Tampa Bay Rays, the Miami Marlins and the Washington Nationals. In 2016, he played with the SK Wyverns of the KBO League in South Korea. He later played for the Mexican teams Sultanes de Monterrey and Generales de Durango. He was born in Baní, Peravia Province.
Lara died in a car accident on 20 April 2019 in Baní. He was 30.
Amelia Vargas
Amelia Graciela Vargas Ipaneca (16 January 1928 – 21 April 2019) was a Cuban actress and dancer. She lived and worked in Argentina. She starred in the comedy movies "Arroz con leche" (1950), "The Phantom of the Operetta" (1955) and "Cleopatra Was Candida" (1964). She was born in Havana.
Vargas died in Buenos Aires on 21 April 2019. She was 91.
Martin Böttcher
Martin Böttcher (17 June 1927 – 19 April 2019) was a German composer, arranger and conductor. He is best known for composing the scores for the 1960s movies based on the Karl May books. His music is said to have helped inspire the Italian movie industry to make their own Westerns. This created a new genre, Spaghetti Westerns. In his career, he worked on more than 50 movies and 300 television shows.
Böttcher was born in Berlin. He died on 19 April 2019, at the age of 91.
Wally Carr
Wally "Wait-awhile-Wal" Carr (11 August 1954 – 13 April 2019) was an Australian professional boxer. He was described by "Boxing 1970–1980" as having "boxing ability to burn" and "outstanding skills". He was professional from 1971 to 1986. He had 100 pro fights, winning 53 (27 by knockout), losing 38 and drawing nine times. In 2010, he was added to the Australian National Boxing Hall of Fame.
Carr was born in Wellington, New South Wales. He was an indigenous man of the Wiradjuri people. He had four children. His grandson, Joshua Addo-Car (born 1995), is a rugby league player.
Carr died of stomach cancer on 13 April 2019 in Newtown, New South Wales. He was 64.
Shantha Mayadunne
Shantha Mayadunne (; died on 21 April 2019) was a Sri Lankan chef, writer and television personality.
She had thirty years of experience in the culinary arts and became one of the most popular Sri Lankan television chefs. She learned advanced international cooking techniques at reputable cooking schools in many countries such as Australia, UK, Singapore, Thailand and India. As her popularity grew, she started to conduct classes, through workshops, mass media programs. She published two books, the first in 2001 while the second was in 2005.
She was killed on 21 April 2019 by a suicide bomber during a series of terrorist attacks in Sri Lanka. Her daughter was also killed in the attacks when both of them stayed at the Shangri-La Hotel, Colombo for breakfast.
Harper's Magazine
Krasimir Bezinski
Krasimir Smilenov Bezinski (; 29 June 1961 – 22 April 2019) was a Bulgarian footballer. He played as a defender for nearly 20 years. He played for five clubs, Pirin Blagoevgrad, CSKA Sofia, Portimonense, Maccabi Ironi Ashdod and Hapoel Petah Tikva. He also played 21 times for the Bulgarian national team between 1980 and 1993.
Bezinski was born in Blagoevgrad. He died of colorectal cancer in Sofia in 2019. He was 57.
Julio César Toresani
Julio César Toresani (5 December 1967 – 22 April 2019) was an Argentine football player and manager. He played in the midfield.
Toresani was born in Santa Fe. He played for Unión de Santa Fe, Instituto, River Plate, Colón de Santa Fe, Boca Juniors, Independiente, Audax Italiano and Patronato. He later managed many clubs, beginng at San Martín de San Juan from 2005 to 2006. His later coaching role was at Rampla Juniors from November 2018 until he was fired in February 2019.
Toresani died by suicide on 22 April 2019 in Santa Fe. He was 51.
Mark Connolly (public official)
Mark Connolly (September 2, 1955 – April 13, 2019) was an American businessman and public official. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was one of the main Democratic candidate for Governor of New Hampshire in 2016. New Hampshire. He served as a Representative in the New Hampshire state legislature and as Deputy Secretary of State. He was also Director of the New Hampshire Bureau of Securities Regulation from 2002 to 2010.
Connolly in Newton, Massachusetts. He was engaged to Terri Lareau at the time of his death. He lived in both New Castle, New Hampshire and Indian Wells, California. He died of problems from a brain hemorrhage on April 13, 2019 in Rancho Mirage, California. He was 63.
New Castle, New Hampshire
New Castle is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 968.
St. Louis Lambert International Airport
Feminist Anthropology