AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
A grassland is a biome, an area of land that mostly has grasses. There are wild grasses, and there may be some trees.
Several parts of the world have grasslands. Grasslands are found in Africa, North America, Central Asia, South America, and near the coasts of Australia. The largest grasslands are in East Africa. Grasslands with a few scattered trees are called savannas. Others are called prairies or steppes.
Grassland vegetation can vary greatly in height. The chalk grassland of southern England is quite short, often with small, delicate flowers.
Grass is quite tall in the Mississippi "tallgrass prairie", the South American grasslands and the African savannas. This provides a degree of cover for the smaller animals, and so increases the number of species which can live there.
Woody plants, shrubs or trees, may occur on some grasslands. The root systems of perennial grasses and forbs (herbaceous flowering plants) form complex mats that hold the soil in place.
The tallgrass prairie is a native ecosystem of the drainage basin of the Mississippi. Retreating glaciers dropped moraine material about 10,000 years ago. Wind-dropped loess and organic matter accumulated. This made the soil. The prairie had the deepest level of topsoil recorded anywhere. Animals such as buffalo, elk, deer, and rabbits lived there.
The animals added nitrogen to the soil with their urine and faeces. Prairie dogs dug tunnels that "aerated the soil and channeled water several feet below the surface".
For 5,000 to 8,000 years, more than of prairie grasslands were a major feature of the landscape.
Between 1800 and 1930, most of this natural environment was destroyed. Settlers transformed what they called "the Great American Desert" or "The Inland Sea" into farmland. They replaced the old grasses with new ones, mostly wheat and maize. They replaced the bison with cattle, another kind of bovine. About 40% of the world's maize grows in the United States, mostly on land that formerly grew grass. The grazing pattern of European cattle, the near-extermination of prairie dogs, and the plowing and cultivation of the land did the damage. Plowing cut tallgrass root systems and interrupted reproduction. Drainage changed the soil's water content, and soil erosion lost soil.
Estimates differ of how much original tallgrass prairie survives. Perhaps less than 1% to 4%, mostly in "scattered remnants found in pioneer cemeteries, restoration projects, along highways and railroad rights-of-way, and on steep bluffs high above rivers".
In many other parts of the world, the grasslands have little rain. or long dry periods. There are few trees because of the low rainfall. Thorny trees called acacias are one of a handful of trees that are able to grow in some African savannas. Wildfires are common and destroy trees. The animals also prevent trees from growing as they eat the tender sprouts before they can develop into grown trees. Elephants are known to tear down grown-up trees and feed on their leaves, making trees even more scarce.
Grass can still grow because it survives the aridity and the trampling of the animals. This is why grasslands can feed vast numbers of animals. Animals include mice, rats that eat mostly seeds. Snakes, hawks and eagles eat mostly small animals. Big animals, mostly grazers, include zebras, ostriches, giraffes, rhinos, elephants, horses, and antelopes.
Oshawa
Oshawa is a city of Ontario in Canada. It can be found on the shores of Lake Ontario. Around 141,600 people were living in Oshawa as of 2006.
Worcester, Massachusetts
Worcester is a city of Worcester County in the state of Massachusetts in the United States. It is the county seat of Worcester County. About 175,900 people were living in Worcester as of 2006.
Worcester is 40 miles from Boston, Massachusetts and 40 miles from Springfield, Massachusetts—right in the middle.
In 1774, the first public reading of the United States Declaration of Independence in New England took place in Worcester.
Camellia sinensis, the tea plant, is the species of plant whose leaves and leaf buds are used to make tea. It is in the genus "Camellia".
White tea, green tea, oolong, pu-erh tea and black tea all come from this species. They are processed differently, so they have different levels of oxidation. Kukicha (twig tea) is also harvested from "Camellia sinensis", but uses twigs and stems rather than leaves.
California Proposition 8
Proposition 8 is an initiative passed in California on November 4, 2008 that banned same-sex marriage. The measure passed by 52% to 48%. It changed California's Constitution by adding a section that says, "Only marriage between a man and a woman is valid or recognized in California." The law was in response to a judge's ruling that gay marriage was legal under the California state Constitution. The campaign to pass Proposition 8 was mostly paid for by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.
Proposition 8 is controversial and is being debated in court. On August 4, 2010, Judge Vaughn Walker in the United States District Court made a ruling that Proposition 8 was unconstitutional and should be overturned. This would make same-sex marriage legal again in California, however, Judge Walker issued a stay of execution, so that those in favor of Proposition 8 could legal appeal.
The appeal of the case went to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. On February 7, 2012, the judges in this court agreed with Judge Walker that Proposition 8 was unconstitutional. However they also issued a stay of execution, so that their ruling could be appealed to the United States Supreme Court.
Those in favor of Proposition 8 appealed to the Supreme Court on July 30, 2012. On December 7, 2012, the Supreme Court agreed to judge the case. The Supreme Court will issue a final ruling on the case in 2013.
There are several possible outcomes:
Depending on exactly how the Supreme Court rules, Proposition 8 could be overturned in California only, or all other laws against same-sex marriage in the United States could be overturned as well.
Digsby
Palacios del Sil
Palacios del Sil is a municipality in the province of León, Spain.
Several Leonese language writers were born there.
David Archuleta
David Archuleta is an American pop vocal artist. He was the runner-up of season 7 of "American Idol". Archuleta was the runner-up of "American Idol" 2008. He had the singles "Crush", "A Little Too Not Over You", "Angels", and "Touch My Hand". He released the album "David Archuleta" in November 2008.
Scott Raynor
Scott Raynor (May 23, 1978) is an American drummer. He was Blink-182's drummer from 1992 to 1998, when he was told to leave the band. Now Raynor is a drummer for the bands "Isinglass" and "One Track Mind".
When asked about being removed from Blink-182 in an interview, this is what Raynor said:
David Archuleta (album)
Crush (David Archuleta song)
A Little Too Not Over You
Czechoslovak government-in-exile
The Czechoslovak government-in-exile (sometimes called officially as: provisional government of Czechoslovakia) was an informal name given to the Czechoslovak National Liberation Committee, first by British diplomatic recognition. The name was used by other World War II Allies as they followed the British in recognizing it. The Committee was originally created by the former Czechoslovak President, Edvard Beneš in Paris, France in October 1939. Unsuccessful negotiations with France for diplomatic status, as well as the impending Nazi occupation of France, forced the Committee to move to London in 1940. From there, it moved to Aston Abbots, Buckinghamshire in 1941, where it sought relative safety from the London Blitz.
It was the true government for Czechoslovakia throughout the Second World War. A specifically anti-Fascist government, it sought to reverse the Munich Agreement and the following German occupation of Czechoslovakia, and to return the Republic to its 1937 boundaries. Due to this it was considered, by those countries that recognized it, the legal continuation of the First Republic of Czechoslovakia.
Nellis Solar Power Plant
Richard Keys
Energetics
A train is a set of carriages on a railway. A place where a train stops to let people get on and off is called a Train station or railway station. Early trains used horse power and ran on wooden or iron tracks. These were used in the Middle Ages. The first steam trains were built in England in the early 19th century. Long before railways, "train" meant any group of vehicles or pack animals traveling in a line, as in wagon train or camel train.
Trains contain the prime mover (either locomotive or motor unit) and one or more cars. The locomotive or railway engine (usually the first car of the train) pulls the cars along the track. The last car you will see on a train is called the caboose. Some trains look like a special bus that can only drive on rails. Trains are used to carry people, as well as cargo, such as raw material,finished goods, and waste.
Freight trains have freight carriages to carry goods from one place to another. Some are boxcars (closed and roofed cars for cargo); others are special so they can carry special cargo. There are hopper cars for sand, coal, ore and other granulous (sand-like) materials, flatbed cars for vehicles and machinery, tank cars for liquids, container cars for containers and even bottle cars for molten iron. Almost anything which is not too large to fit under tunnels and bridges can be transported on special freight carriages.
Passenger trains have passenger carriages made so people can ride them from one train station to another. There are few long-distance passenger trains in the United States, but more in Europe and Asia. Most passenger cars are single-deckers: there are also double-decker passenger cars, such as the Finnish Inter-City cars.
Passenger trains are usually a very comfortable way of traveling. Many trains have electrical outlets and Wi-Fi hotspots for computers, and a special restaurant car for dining and refreshments. There are also sleeping cars (passenger cars with beds) for long overnight voyages.
High-speed rail uses special, fast passenger trains on special tracks. A few very fast ones are maglev trains using magnets to hover slightly off the tracks to have less friction.
Most trains are pulled by locomotives. Before 1900, almost all were steam locomotives. As this kind of steam engine uses very much fuel for the work it does, steam began to give way to diesel locomotives and electric locomotives during the 1930s. Today, most locomotives are diesel-electric locomotives.
Sometimes a train has no separate locomotive, but the prime mover (diesel engine or electric motor) is located on the first car of the train itself, and the car has engineer's cabin. The car is called a "motor unit". Some trains have motors in many or all of the cars. This is called a diesel multiple unit or electric multiple unit. Usually, both ends of the train have engineer's cabins. These trains are especially popular in commuter traffic in large towns and cities. Electric trains get their power from a third rail or from overhead wires.
Elie Wiesel
Elie Wiesel (; born Eliezer Wiesel on September 30, 1928 – July 2, 2016) was a Romanian-American Jewish writer, teacher, political activist, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize and Holocaust survivor. His most well-known book is "Night" which is about his life in several concentration camps during the Holocaust. He was a humanitarian.
Wiesel won the 1986 Nobel Peace Prize. The Norwegian Nobel Committee praised his message "of peace, atonement and human dignity".
Wiesel died on July 2, 2016 at his home in Manhattan, aged 87.
Leaked in London
Leaked in London is a live EP that was recorded by Fall Out Boy in 2007. The EP was made in response to their fourth album, "Infinity on High", being leaked onto the internet three weeks before its actual release date. Those who bought "Infinity On High" could download "Leaked In London" from Fall Out Boy's website by using the CDPass software and inserting the "Infinity On High" CD into their computer.
Sullivan Bay, Victoria
Sullivan Bay is the site of the first official European settlement in Victoria, Australia. It is a very small bay near Sorrento, Victoria. It is close to the entrance of Port Phillip Bay, south of the city of Melbourne.
In 1802, Governor Philip Gidley King in Sydney had written to Lord Hobart, Minister in charge of the colonies, in London, saying that Britain should start a settlement at Port Phillip Bay. King thought it would be good area for fishing and sealing. He was also worried that the French might settle in the area and then would control Bass Strait. Lieutenant John Murray had explored Port Phillip Bay in 1802 and thought that the Sorrento area would be a good spot to start a settlement.
Lieutenant Governor David Collins was put in charge of starting the new settlement. He took 307 convicts, some with wives and children, 51 soldiers, 17 free settlers, some with wives and children, and a government staff of 12, and a clergyman, the Reverend Knopwood. The group of more than 400 people left England in April 1803, in the store ship “Ocean” and the convict ship “Calcutta.”
The two ships sailed to Tenerife in the Canary Islands, Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, Capetown in South Africa, and arrived at Port Phillip Bay on 6 October and 8 October 1803. Only 14 people died on the trip. Collins was unable to find a good place to land that had drinking water and good soil. On 13 October 1803, he landed at Sullivan’s Bay, which he named after the Under Secretary of the Colonial War Department.
The new settlers were able to get water by putting wooden barrels into the sand, and letting the water in the ground soak into them. It was salty and not nice to drink. The soil was very sandy and not suitable for farming. There were very few trees suitable for cutting up into building timber. The sandy ground meant that heavy items could not be carried in a wagon, which would be stuck in the sand, but had to be dragged instead. The small entrance to the bay made it difficult for sailing ships to get in or out safely. The tools brought from England, such a spades, hoes and axes, were very badly made and broke easily. Coscape. He had hoped to increase the food supply with fresh fish and kangaroos, but they were not able to catch any.
Male convicts were given a set of clothes in October 1803 which included:
The food ration each week was:
Women were to be given 2/3 of that amount, children half the amount, and small children under 5 years, ¼ of the .
A convict printer, Robert Walsh printed the orders and instructions for the settlement on a small printing press. During the time of the settlement 43 such orders were printed.
Collins told the convicts not to go into the water to wash because of the danger from hungry sharks and stingrays. Some tried to escape by walking overland to Sydney. They soon gave up and went back to the settlement. Settler, John Skilton, died on 17 October 1803. On 25 November 1803, the first child, William James Hobart Thorne, was born to a soldier, Sergeant Thorne and his wife. One child of convict parents was John Pascoe Fawkner, who returned to start the settlement of Melbourne in 1835.
In November, Collins sent the “Ocean” to Sydney with a letter asking King to let him abandon the settlement, and move it to either Port Dalrymple or the Derwent River in Van Diemen's Land. The “Ocean” came back in December and Collins wasted no time in getting most of the convicts and settlers packed up. He gave an order that convicts had to work on Sundays to make sure the group was ready to leave as soon as possible. On 30 January 1804, the “Ocean” set sail for the Derwent River. Lieutenant William Sladden was left behind in charge of a small group. The “Ocean” returned and on 20 May 1804, the settlement was abandoned.
Three people were left behind after the settlement was abandoned, two were escaped convicts and one was a runaway soldier, William Buckley. When John Batman came to settle in Victoria 30 years later, he found Buckley living with an aboriginal tribe. The only sign of the settlement now is four graves at Sullivan Bay, and the remains of a water barrel in the Latrobe Library collection.
Pictorella mannikin
RPG-26
Fright Night (album)
Fright Night is the first album by the Finnish power metal band Stratovarius.
Auerbach (Vogtland)
Borna, Leipzig
Borna () is a town in the rural district Leipzig, in Saxony, Germany. It is also the capital of this district. It is located about 25 km southeast of Leipzig.
Hartenstein, Saxony
Deaths in 2009
The following is a list of notable deaths in 2009.
Romanization of Bulgarian
The Streamlined System for the Romanization of Bulgarian is a system of transliteration of the Bulgarian alphabet created by Lyubomir Ivanov in the Institute of Mathematics and Informatics at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in 1995, which is defined by the following table:
The system was originally developed to serve for the Romanization of Bulgarian geographical names in Antarctica. It was adopted by the Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria on 2 March 2005. An early explanation of the Streamlined System was made in 1997 to the US and UK Antartcic place-naming authorities. They had noticed the difference from their 1952 BGN/PCGN romanization of Bulgarian. The new system became subject to comparative study at the Department of English and American Studies at Sofia University.
Subsequently, the system was chosen by the Bulgarian Government. It is the official transliteration system to be used in all identity documents, road signs, street names, official information systems, databases, local authorities’ websites etc. Eventually, the Streamlined System became part of Bulgarian law by way of the passed in 2009.
The Streamlined system was adopted also by UN in 2012, and for official US and UK use, by BGN and PCGN in 2013. Ivanov proposes using his Romanization approach in the case of Cyrillic alphabets of other Slavic languages, notably Russian.
The Streamlined System was designed with the aim of striking an optimal balance between the following partly overlapping and partly conflicting priorities:
Exceptions:
It had been proposed to modify the Streamlined System so that Bulgarian letters Ъ and Ц were transliterated as "Ă" and "TZ" respectively. However, those proposals failed to gain wider acceptance, and were not adopted for official usage.
The system is not invertible, for А, Ж, Й, Ц, Ш, Щ, Ю, Я are transliterated in the same way as are Ъ, ЗХ, Ь, ТС, СХ, ШТ, ЙУ, ЙА respectively. An auxiliary, invertible variant of the system without the ИЯ-exception rule is proposed by L. Ivanov, D. Skordev and D. Dobrev to be used in those special cases when the exact retrieval of Bulgarian words from their Romanized forms is a priority, with Cyrillic letters and combinations of letters
Ъ, Ь, ЗХ, ЙА, ЙУ, СХ, ТС, ТШ, ТЩ, ШТ, ШЦ transliterated as "`A", "`Y", "Z|H", "Y|A", "Y|U", "S|H", "T|S", "T|SH", "T|SHT", "SH|T", "SH|TS" respectively. In order to ensure full invertibility of the system, including the case of the ИЯ-exception rule, one may transliterate word-final -ИА as "I|A" rather than "IA". The plain streamlined transliteration word form could be retrieved from its invertible variant by simply removing the additional symbols ` and |.
The Streamlined System is based on an English-oriented transliteration, taking advantage of the global "lingua franca" role of English. A similar shift towards English-oriented transliteration is observed in the case of other Cyrillic alphabets such as Russian and Ukrainian, and to some extent Macedonian.
The Streamlined System is similar to the old 1952 BGN/PCGN System for the Romanization of Bulgarian, which had been official in the USA and the United Kingdom until 2013. The latter however transliterates the Cyrillic letters Х, Ь and Ъ as "KH", "’" (apostrophe) and "Ŭ", while the former uses "H", "Y" and "A" instead.
Another similar system not adopted for official use in Bulgaria is that of A. Danchev, M. Holman, E. Dimova and M. Savova, which transliterates the Cyrillic letters У and Ъ by "OU" and "U" respectively, while the Streamlined System uses "U" and "A" for this purpose. Furthermore, the latter system transliterates the digraphs АЙ•ай, ЕЙ•ей, ОЙ•ой and УЙ•уй by AI•ai, EI•ei, OI•oi and OUI•oui instead of AY•ay, EY•ey, OY•oy and UY•uy respectively.
Natasha Richardson
Natasha Jane Richardson (11 May 1963 – 18 March 2009) was a Tony Award-winning English stage and movie actress.
Richardson was the daughter of actress Vanessa Redgrave and movie director and producer Tony Richardson. She was the granddaughter of Michael Redgrave and Rachel Kempson. In 1994, she married Liam Neeson. Together, they had two children, Micheal (born 1995) and Daniel (born 1996).
Early in her career she portrayed Mary Shelley and Patty Hearst in movies. She received critical acclaim and a Theatre World Award for her Broadway debut in the 1993 revival of "Anna Christie". She won the Tony Award for "Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical", the Drama Desk Award for "Outstanding Actress in a Musical", and the Outer Critics Circle Award for her performance as Sally Bowles in the 1998 Broadway revival of "Cabaret".
Some of her best known movies included "Nell" (1994), "The Parent Trap" (1998 remake) and
"Maid in Manhattan" (2002).
Richardson died in a hospital in New York City on March 18, 2009. She did not recover from brain damage that happened in a skiing accident in Quebec, Canada. She was on vacation with her two sons.
Beetlejuice (movie)
Beetlejuice is a 1988 American fantasy-comedy-horror movie directed by Tim Burton. The movie stars Alec Baldwin, Geena Davis, Winona Ryder and Michael Keaton as Beetlejuice.
Barbara (Geena Davis) and Adam (Alec Baldwin) Maitland decide to spend their holiday decorating their New England country home. Driving back from a trip to town, they crash the car and are killed. The story carries on with the couple going home as ghosts but they at first do not know that they are dead.
The couple's house is then sold and in move the new owners from New York City. The Deetzes, who are Charles (Jeffrey Jones) and his wife Delia (Catherine O'Hara), her friend Otho (Glenn Shadix) and Charles' goth daughter Lydia (Winona Ryder) from his first marriage. The new couple then start to make changes to the house which upsets the ghosts. The Maitlands' then try to scare the new owners out of the house but they are not good at scaring people.
The ghosts can't be seen by anyone in the house other than by the daughter Lydia, with whom they become friends. They try to get a bad ghost to scare the new family out of the house and ask Beetlejuice to do it for them. But all he wants to do is marry Lydia so that he can come back to life.
Geena Davis
Virginia Elizabeth "Geena" Davis (born January 21, 1956) is an Academy Award-, Golden Globe-winning and Emmy-nominated American actress, film producer, writer, former fashion model. Davis is also a member of Mensa International.
From 1982 until 1983, Davis was married to Richard Emmolo.
From 1987 until 1990, she was married to Jeff Goldblum.
From 1993 until 1998, she was married to Renny Harlin.
On September 1, 2001, she married Reza Jarrahy. They have three children, daughter Alizeh Keshvar Davis Jarrahy (born on April 10, 2002) and twin sons Kian William Davis Jarrahy and Kaiis Steven Davis Jerrahy (born on May 6, 2004).
Elisabeth Caroline Simms (born March 17, 1963 in southern Colorado), credited as Lise Simms, is an American actress, singer, and dancer.
Lise grew up in southern Colorado. Her parents are Bill and Jacque Simms and is the sixth of nine children. Her brother, Tom Simms, is a Spanish teacher at Centennial High School. Lise graduated from Centennial High School in 1981, and from Oklahoma State University in 1985.
Lise began her acting career at age 13. She started doing Broadway after graduating from high school and starred in numerous plays such as "Other People's Money", "Mame", "Can-Can", "Sweet Charity", and "Bye Bye Birdie" during the 1980s. She was also a member of the original Los Angeles, California cast of "Beauty and the Beast" and toured around the world with "A Chorus Line" in 1986.
Simms was the host of Style Network's "Area". She had a recurring role on "Sunset Beach", but is best known for her role as "Barbara Diffy", Phil's mom in the Disney Channel original series "Phil of the Future", where she also played "The Timekeeper" in the episode "It's a Wonder-Phil Life". She had a recurring role as "Connie Wayne" in the soap opera "The Young and the Restless", and made guest appearances on "Friends", "Providence", "MADtv", "3rd Rock from the Sun", "" and many others. She performed for President Ronald Reagan in 1988's "Great Performances at the White House" series, which aired on PBS.
Most recently, Simms can be seen as co-host and interior designer on Home & Garden Television's "Desperate Spaces". Simms works with co-host and designer Daniel Kucan to decorate a room of a home in just two days and with only $2,500. They choose 1 room from 3 deserving rooms in need. "Desperate Spaces" premiered January 1, 2008.
Simms had a guest spot on the February 3, 2009 episode of "90210" as Ty's mother, Louise Collins.
Simms has been in commercials for the game Jenga, the remedies Tums, Maalox, Advil, Bluefly, Post Cereal's Shredded Wheat, and Dairy Queen's "Moolate" shakes. At one time, she co-hosted an infomercial for Rug Doctor carpet cleaning products. Simms also hosted a infomercial for Franklin Wheel and won an Astrid Award. She had appeared in Disney Channel's "Express Yourself" segments with other Disney Channel stars.
Crawford County, Arkansas
Crawford County is a county found in the state of Arkansas. About 53,200 people were living in Crawford County as of 2000.
These are the cities and towns of Crawford County:
Medical abortion
A medical abortion is an abortion where drugs are used to induce the abortion. In the 1970s, such abortions became an option to end the pregnancy during its first trimester. The drugs most often used in 2009 are mifepristone and methotrexate, either alone or in combination with a prostaglandin.
Durand Line
The Durand Line is the international land border between Afghanistan and Pakistan in South-Central Asia. It was established after an 1897 memorandum of understanding (MoU) between Mortimer Durand of British India and Afghan Amir Abdur Rahman Khan. Referred to as a frontier line, it is named after Mortimer Durand, who was the Foreign Secretary of colonial British India at the time. Later, Abdur Rahman Khan's successor, Amir Habibullah Khan signed a new agreement with Britain which again confirmed the legality of the Durand Line. King Amanullah Khan also accepted Durand line as international border between Afghanistan and British India after signing the Anglo-Afghan treaty of 1919. Article 5 of this treaty, on the basis of which Afghanistan reclaimed its independence, says that Afghanistan accepted all previously agreed border arrangements with British India. Hence, Afghanistan as an independent country recognized Durand line as an international border.
The Durand Line cuts through the Afghan tribal areas, politically dividing ethnic Pashtuns and Baloch people who live on both sides. The line is internationally recognized by many countries as the western border of Pakistan, but Afghan governments after 1947 never recognized it.
Afghan Pashtun leaders claim Pakistani territories and say that the Durand Line is "an issue of historical importance for Afghanistan. The Afghan people, not the government, can take a final decision on it." However, non-Pashtuns Afghans have always recognized durand line as international border between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Similarly, Pakistani Pashtuns have also recognized Durand line as international border between Afghanistan and Pakistan. In 2017 President Hamid Karzai said Afghanistan "will never accept" the Durand Line.
Mazandarani language
Mazandarani (in Mazandarani: ) is a Iranian language. It is spoken in northern Iran. Areas that use it are: Mazandaran, west of Golestan, north of Tehran and Semnan and northeast of Qazvin. Between 3-4 million people speak it. Mazandarni is an older Iranian language.
Mazandarani language was written in the Pahlavi alphabet in the early centuries of Islam. The language uses the Arabic alphabet.
Mazandarni language has the oldest literature among local languages in Iran. Among books written in this language are:
La Nuestra Tierra
La Nuestra Tierra ("Our land") was a weekly newspaper edited by the IDEL (Leonese Studies Institute) between 2000 and 2004. Its content was mainly about Leonese territory and a 30% of it was written in Leonese language, from opinion articles to information in Leonese language.
This publication edited 162 numbers, and was supported by the European Union and the Leonese public administrations.
East Punjab
East Punjab was a region of India. It was separated from West Punjab, which became a part of Pakistan by the Radcliffe Line after India was divided in 1947. It existed between 1947-1966 and it comprised the present-day states of Himachal Pradesh, Haryana and Doab (India), itself re-named as Indian Punjab. It had an area of 150,037 km2 and today it would have had an combined population of 59,913,826 (2011 est).
Caraway
Caraway ("Carum carvi") (Ar. كراويه), also known as meridian fennel and Persian cumin, is a biennial plant with spicy-tasting seed in the family Apiaceae, native to Europe and western Asia.
Caraway was used to make the spiced wine, claret, in the Middle Ages.
Jonathan Stephen Ross OBE (born 17 November 1960) is a British television and radio presenter.
Ross was born in St Pancras, London and raised in Leytonstone, London. His mother is Martha Ross. Paul Ross, Simon Ross and Miles Ross are his brothers.
Ross has worked a lot on the BBC. On the BBC One television channel, Ross presented "The Film Programme" from 1997 and his own talk show, "Friday Night with Jonathan Ross" from 2001. He presented a radio show on BBC Radio 2 beginning in 1999. Ross decided to stop presenting all three shows and leave the BBC in 2010. He began presenting a new talk show, "The Jonathan Ross Show" on ITV1 on 3 September 2011.
Ross is known for his difficulty in pronouncing the letter "r", which sounds more like the sound of a "w" in his speech. Ross was first on television in 1970 in an advert for Kellogg's Rice Krispies.
Ross married Jane Goldman in 1988. The couple have two daughters and a son.
Ef (Cyrillic)
Ef (Ф, ф) is the nineteenth letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [f].
It comes from the Greek letter phi.
Kha
Kha (Х, х) is the twentieth letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [kh].
It comes from the Greek letter chi and stands as the Roman letters H and X.
Tse (Cyrillic)
Tseh (Ц, ц) is the twenty-first letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [ts]. Its lowercase italic form is "ц".
It stands for the Roman letter C.
Che (Cyrillic)
Cheh (Ч, ч) is the twenty-second letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [tʃ]. It is transliterated into the Roman alphabet as "ch" in English and "tch" in French.
Sha (Ш, ш) is the twenty-third letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [ʃ]. Its lowercase italic form is "ш".
It comes from the Hebrew letter shin. It is transliterated into the Roman alphabet as "sh" in English, "sch" in German, "ch" in French, "ş" in Turkish, "sz" in Polish and "š" in most Slavic languages (Czech, Slovak, Serbian, Slovene, Croatian) using that alphabet.
Mikroglottika
Mikroglottika - An International Journal of Minority Languages Philologies, is a language scientific magazine about minority languages. The word "Mikroglottika" means "minority language studies".
It encourages studies about minority languages philology, as phonology, syntax, lexicon and related topics.
It is edited by Peter Lang in Germany. Teachers from Universities of several European countries also contribute.
Its Yearbook 2008 has content about these languages:
Unsafe abortion
An unsafe abortion is an abortion which is not done by a person which has the skills to do them (a licensed doctor), or in a place that does not meet at least basic standards of hygiene. Unsafe abortions can be very dangerous to the mother. Many women die or get a disease because they had an unsafe abortion. About 95 percent of unsafe abortions happen in developing countries.
Two very common ways that unsafe abortions are done are:
A back-alley abortion (Back-Yard Abortion in Australia) is the common slang term for an illegal abortion in the English-speaking world.
The method using the coat hanger, as described above, was known by many people. This method was not what was done normally, though. In fact, Mary Calderone, former medical director of Planned Parenthood, said, in a 1960 printing of the "American Journal of Public Health":
Herbal abortions (when done illegally) can also be described as back-alley abortions because they are not induced in a medical facility.
The argument of back-alley abortions was used to help make abortion legal in the United States. In 1973, the US Supreme Court decided that abortion should be legalized. It was treating a case called Roe v. Wade. Since then, it has become a central argument on the part of some prominent legal abortion advocates. Gerri Santoro died of blood loss after a back-alley abortion. Her photo was used extensively to illustrate the dangers of illegal abortions.
Bernard Nathanson performed many abortions but later was against them. He has said that many of the statistics that show that many women died from back-alley abortions in the US are false. He said that he and his colleagues made many such statistics to lead people to believe that legalizing abortion was a good thing to do.
Source: Unsafe Abortion: Mortality and Risk Estimates of Death data from WHO press, Geneva, 1997
10,000 women a year die from unsafe abortions in Nigeria.
Araluen Zieria
The Araluen Zieria ("Zieria adenophora"), is a small shrub found in only one place, on a slope above the Araluen Creek, near Araluen, New South Wales, Australia. In 2001 there were only 56 known plants. The plants were first collected in 1888, and they were then thought to have become extinct. The Zieria was rediscovered in the late 1980s.
It is a small shrub, which is related to the boronia plants. It is about tall and 50 cm wide, though some plants have grown up to tall. It has a small white or pink flower with four petals, about long. The plant has flowers in spring, from August to October. It also has small green leaves which are trifoliate, as being in three parts like a clover leaf. The leaves have a strong smell.
The plants have only been found near the Araluen Creek. They are growing on a steep, rocky, hillside.
The plant has been listed as Endangered under the Australian Government's Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. It is also listed by the New South Wales Government, Endangered (Schedule 1, Part 1) on the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. It is endangered because there are so few of the plants and they are only found in one place. A bushfire could destroy all the plants. There is also a danger from wild goats in the area. The goats do not eat the Zieria, but they could walk on the new seedlings and crush them. The goats might eat all the other plants which could lead to erosion and the soil could be washed away. Weeds growing around the plants might also stop new Zierias from growing.
There is now a plan to protect the plant. These plans include:
Mifepristone is a synthetic steroid that is used as a drug. It can be used to cause a medical abortion in the first two months of pregnancy. It can also be used as an emergency contraceptive. It is often known as RU-486, the name it had in early tests. It was discovered by Roussel Uclaf in France in 1980.
Hysterotomy abortion
A hysterotomy abortion is a form of surgical abortion. In a hyterotomy abortion, the womb is opened, and the fetus is removed. This is similar to a Caesarean section, but requires a smaller cut.
This method has the greatest risk of complications out of all the abortion procedures. It is only used where other methods can or should not be done. It is used between the 12th and 24th week of pregnancy.
Duke of Devonshire
Secretary of State for Transport
Duke of Gloucester
Edinburgh Trams
The Edinburgh Trams project is a scheme to build a new tramway in Edinburgh, Scotland. Local public transport had been limited to buses since the closing of the city’s previous Edinburgh Corporation Tramways system on 16 November 1956.Edinburgh Trams is a tramway in Edinburgh, Scotland, operated by Edinburgh Trams Ltd. As of 2017 it is a 14-kilometre line between York Place in New Town and Edinburgh Airport, with 16 stops. Construction began in June 2008, and after encountering delays it opened on 31 May 2014.
BR Standard Class 8
The BR Standard Class 8 was a class of 4-6-2 "Pacific" steam locomotive made by Robert Riddles for use by British Railways. Only an example was made. It was named "Duke of Gloucester". It was made at Crewe Works in 1954. It is known as the "Duke". It was a replacement for the destroyed Princess Royal Class vehicle number 46202 "Princess Anne". It was involved in the Harrow and Wealdstone rail disaster of 1952.
Street furniture
Street furniture is the equipment on streets and roads mostly for the safety of people and their information. The term is most used in the UK, Canada and Australia.
It includes benches, bollards, post boxes, phone boxes, street lighting, traffic lights, traffic signs, bus stops, grit bins, tram stops, taxi stands, public lavatories, fountains and memorials, and waste receptacles.
An important consideration in the design of street furniture is how it affects road safety.
Henri Poincaré
Jules Henri Poincaré (29 April 1854 – 17 July 1912) was a French mathematician and scientist. He was described as a "monster of mathematics " when still a child. Many people think he was the last person to understand all branches of mathematics before the subject became too big for anyone to do this.
He came from a clever family, his father was a professor of medicine and his cousin, Raymond Poincaré became president of France. He was sick as a child and for many years he had to be taught at home by his mother.
He used his mathematical skills to look at some of the biggest problems in science in his day. He was the first person to describe in mathematical terms how three planets in orbit affect each others paths as they pass near by one another. This was called the Three Body Problem. He also tried to understand why the speed of light seems to be the fastest speed at which anything can travel in the universe. In some ways he beat the famous scientist Albert Einstein to solving this question, but Einstein gave a more complete answer. He gained fame for the discovery of the theory of relativity instead of Poincaré.
He created the Poincaré Conjecture, one of the most famous problems in mathematics which was only solved 100 years later. He began the branches of mathematics which are known today as chaos theory and topology.
He also wrote about science in a simple way that ordinary people could understand.
Michael Barrymore
Michael Barrymore (born 4 May 1952) is an English comedian and light entertainer. He presented shows including "Strike it Lucky" and "My Kind of Music". He married Cheryl Cocklin (1950-2005) in 1976. In 1995, he announced he was gay. She divorced him in 1997.
He was in trouble after Stuart Lubbock was found dead in his swimming pool in 2001. In 2015, the police admitted that Barrymore was wrongfully arrested. In August 2017, was said to have seeked £2.4million  as compensation, after the judge ruled that he was entitled to more than 'nominal damages' from Essex Police of wrongful arrest that 'destroyed his career'.
He used to have late night chats with Diana, Princess of Wales when he had trouble with alcoholism. In 2006, he was a housemate in Celebrity Big Brother, in its fourth season. In 2008, he has returned to the theatre and was in a play as Spike Milligan. In 2010, he stated that he is bisexual and in a relationship with a woman.
Jagdgeschwader 1 (World War I)
The Jagdgeschwader 1 was a German flying command of the First World War.
The first commander of this group was Manfred von Richthofen. After his death in April 1918, Wilhelm Reinhard became the second commander. The third and last commander of this group was Hermann Göring.
This flying command is also called "The Red Baron".
Tripod
Tripod is a word generally used to refer to a three-legged object, usually one used as a platform of some sort, and comes from the Greek "tripous", meaning "three feet". Tripod are mainly uses for stand camera or smartphones.
Tripod may also mean:
Barry George
Barry George (born 15 April 1960) is a British criminal who was wrongly held in prison for 8 years for the murder of journalist Jill Dando. He later had a retrial. His murder conviction and sentence were overturned.
Barry George was born in London in 1960. He is mentally ill and has an IQ of 75. Prior to his trial, he was diagnosed with Asperger syndrome and three personality disorders: antisocial, histrionic and narcissistic. When he was young he was a keen roller skater. He once leapt over a line of buses, using a ramp. He used to assume other names, calling himself Paul Gadd (Gary Glitter's real name) and Steve Majors. He also called himself Barry Bulsara and falsely claimed to be Freddie Mercury's cousin. (Mercury was born Farouq Bulsara).
In the early 1980s, he was convicted of impersonating a police officer, attempted rape and indecent assault. In 1983, he was arrested in the grounds of Kensington Palace whilst Prince Charles and Princess Diana were living there. George was carrying a knife, a rope and a poem which he wrote for Prince Charles. He also had photographs of himself in his flat with a mask and guns.
In 2000, he was arrested and charged with murdering Jill Dando. In 2001, he was convicted of the murder, but appealed his sentence. He was retried and found not guilty. Witnesses claimed he could not have killed her at 11.30am, because he was seen 20 minutes later much farther from her house than he could have been. George was released on 1 August 2008. In 2013 it was decided that George would not be given compensation for being put in prison for a murder he did not do.
George now lives in Ballincollig, County Cork.
Jill Dando
Jill Wendy Dando (9 November 1961 – 26 April 1999) was a British television presenter. She was born and grew up in Weston-super-Mare, Somerset, and moved to London in the 1980s.
She worked as a journalist and newsreader, and also presented the Holiday programme and "Crimewatch". She was engaged to Alan Farthing for the last few months of her life. She was shot on her doorstep in Fulham, west London. She was taken to Charing Cross Hospital where she was declared dead on arrival. Barry George was convicted of her murder in 2001 but was freed in 2008 when his retrial found him not guilty.
Skydiving is parachuting from an airplane for fun. Skydiving can be done individually and with groups of people. Training is required. Unlike most paratroopers, skydivers often wait until they are low, before opening the parachute. The jump can also be made from a helicopter or a balloon that is high enough in the sky. Skydiving can be an exciting sport.
Skydiving includes free falling (usually from an aeroplane) through the air prior to opening a parachute. Typically skydives are carried out from around 4,000m (or 12,500ft) offering 40 to 50 seconds of freefall time. Longer free fall times can be achieved by exiting an aircraft at altitudes much higher than 4,000m, but very high jumps require pressurized oxygen within the aircraft, and bottled oxygen for the diver.
During a skydive, total freedom and control of the air can be enjoyed as well as many complex and spectacular manoeuvres including flat turns, somersaults and formation skydiving. Skydiving can be enjoyed either as an individual - doing solo(alone) jumps - or as part of a team carrying out formation skydiving. Generally, the term ‘skydive’ refers to the time spent in freefall from exiting an aircraft to deploying a parachute but skydiving does include some disciplines such as accuracy landings and canopy formation flying which concentrate on the time spent once a canopy has been deployed.
The White Tie Affair
The White Tie Affair was an American rock-pop and alternative music group. The White Tie Affair formed in 2006 and is currently formed by Christopher Wallace - vocals, Sean Patwell - programming and guitar, Ryan McLain - keyboards and synth, and Timothy McLaughlin - drums. They released their hit debut studio album April 22nd, 2008 called "Walk This Way". The band is famous for the single "Candle (Sick & Tired)". Other songs include "Allow Me to Introduce Myself... Mr. Right", "Take It Home", and "If I Fall". White Tie Affair has been recording songs since 2006.
Walk This Way (album)
Walk This Way is a hit debut studio album released in April 2008 by the alternative rock band The White Tie Affair. The album contains singles like "Candle (Sick & Tired)", "Allow Me to Introduce Myself... Mr. Right", and "Take It Home".
Get in Where You Fit In
Greene County Viaduct
The Greene County Viaduct is a long train bridge in Greene County, Indiana,US. It is about from Bloomington between Solsberry and Tulip. It is officially known as Bridge X75-6 and also known as the Richland Creek Viaduct and the Tulip Trestle. Work on the bridge started on May 22, 1905. The ground breaking ceremony was led by Joe Moss. It was finished in December of 1906. The bridge is the third longest bridge of its kind in the world. It has 18 towers for support. The original cost of the bridge was $246,504. It was estimated to be around $20 million in 2004 dollars. Two 45 foot sections were added to the bridge in 1916. Other than that, the bridge is as it was when it was originally constructed.
The bridge was built by the Indianapolis Southern Railway and successor Indianapolis Southern Railroad. That company became a part of the Illinois Central Railroad in 1911. It is now part of the Indianapolis-Newton, Illinois line of the Indiana Rail Road.
Sex doll
A sex doll (also called love doll or blow up doll) is a sex toy. It has the size of a sexual partner, and should help with masturbation.
Basically, there are two variations:
The openings in sex dolls are often fitted with vibrators. Prices for sex dolls range from about ten euros for an inflatable one, to several thousand euros for models with realistic skin.
Jeffrey Lynn "Jeff" Goldblum (born October 22, 1952) is an American actor. Most of the characters he plays are intense or eccentric. He is of Jewish descent.
The Fly can be any of the following:
Toxic assets
The term toxic asset is a nontechnical term used to describe certain financial assets when their value has fallen significantly and when there is no longer a functioning market for these assets, so that they cannot reasonably be sold. This term became common during the financial crisis that began in August 2007. Toxic assets played a major role in that crisis. When the market for such assets ceases to function, it is described as "frozen".
Markets for some toxic assets froze in 2007, and the problem grew significantly worse in the second half of 2008. Several factors contributed to the freezing of toxic-asset markets. The value of the assets were very sensitive to economic conditions, and increased uncertainty in these conditions made it difficult to estimate the value of the assets. Banks and other, major financial-institutions were unwilling to sell the assets at significantly reduced prices, since lower prices would force them to significantly reduce their stated assets, making them appear insolvent.
A tesseract is a 4-dimensional object with eight cells; each cell is a cube. The tesseract is one of the six convex regular 4-polytopes. Unlike three-dimensional objects which rotate on both an axis and a plane (the plane being of length and width and the axis being of the leftover dimension, height), a tesseract rotates on two planes, one made up of length and width, and one made up of height and the fourth dimension. It is the simplest hypercube.
It is not possible to make a tesseract out of real materials. A tesseract is in four dimensions, but we can only move in three dimensions.
Comparison (grammar)
Comparison, in grammar, is a property of adjectives and adverbs.