AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Martin was born in Long Beach, California. He died on November 20, 2019 at the age of 80.
Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign
The Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign was a presidential campaign of former Mayor of New York City Michael Bloomberg for the 2020 presidential election. It was suspended in 4 March 2020. It was filed a statement of candidacy with the Federal Election Commission for the office of President of the United States as a member of the Democratic Party on November 21, 2019. His principal campaign committee was called "Mike Bloomberg 2020, Inc." The campaign officially launched on November 24, 2019.
On March 5, 2019, Bloomberg announced that he would not run for president in 2020. As late as October 14, 2019, a day before the Democratic Party's fourth presidential debate, it was reported that Bloomberg was “still looking at” a bid due to the fall of Joe Biden's polling numbers.
On November 7, 2019, Bloomberg announced that he was taking steps to enter the 2020 United States presidential election, and on November 8 he officially filed for the Alabama Democratic presidential primary.
Bloomberg said that he would skip the early primary states in Iowa, New Hampshire, Nevada and South Carolina and focus on primaries on and after Super Tuesday. Bloomberg's total spending in the primary passed $500 million, making it the most money spent on a presidential primary campaign in American history.
Poison ivy
Poison ivy ("Toxicodendron radicans") is a vine. It is well-known for causing a rash. The rash is urushiol-induced contact dermatitis. This is itchy, irritating, and sometimes painful. This is an example of a defence against herbivores.
The vine's leaves come in threes, with a shiny appearance caused by the oil on the leaves. It is a common weed in the eastern North America and parts of China.
Wataru Misaka
Wataru "Wat" Misaka (December 21, 1923 – November 20, 2019) was an American professional basketball player. He was the first non-white player and the first player of Asian descent to play in the National Basketball Association (NBA).
Misaka played college basketball for the Utah Utes. He played three games for the New York Knicks in 1947. He was born in Ogden, Utah.
Misaka died at the age of 95 on November 20, 2019 in Salt Lake City.
Yaşar Büyükanıt
General Mehmet Yaşar Büyükanıt (1 September 1940 – 21 November 2019) was a Turkish military official. He was the 25th Chief of the Turkish General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces, from 28 August 2006 to 28 August 2008.
Büyükanıt died on 21 November 2019 at a hospital in Istanbul of heart and respiratory failure at the age of 79.
Harley D. Nygren
Rear Admiral Harley Dean Nygren (December 12, 1924 – November 17, 2019) was an American military officer and photographer. He was in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps and in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps (NOAA Corps). He was the first Director of the NOAA Corps from 1970 through 1981.
Nygren was born in Seattle, Washington. He died on November 17, 2019 at the age of 94.
Bengt-Erik Grahn
Bengt-Erik Grahn (30 April 1941 – 21 November 2019) was a Swedish alpine skier. He competed in the slalom and giant slalom at the 1964 and 1968 Winter Olympics. His best result was a 31st place in the downhill event in 1964 (February 2, 1964). He was born in Dikanäs, Vilhelmina, Sweden.
Grahn died on 21 November 2019 at the age of 78.
Golden algae
The Chrysophyceae (golden-brown algae or golden algae) are a large group of algae found mostly in freshwater.
Golden algae is also a common term. It refers to a species, "Prymnesium parvum", which kills fish in large numbers (causes 'fish kills').
The main type of chrysophyte cell has two specialized flagella. The active, "feathered" flagellum points toward the moving direction. The smooth passive flagellum, points in the opposite direction.
An important characteristic used to identify members of the Chrysophyceae is the presence of a siliceous cyst that is formed internally.
However, some members of the group are amoeboid (move like amoeba), and some are sessile. Unfortunately, every expert who has studied this group has come up with a different classification. It seems that their ancestor did not do photosynthesis, but later on groups separately evolved their own methods of using sunlight.
Arcadia, Kansas
Arcadia is a city in Crawford County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 310 people lived there.
Arcadia was founded in 1862. It was named for the ancient region of Arcadia, in Greece.
The first post office in Arcadia was founded in June 1867.
Arcadia was a station on the St. Louis–San Francisco Railway.
Arcadia is at (37.641217, -94.623352).
As of the 2010 census says that there were 310 people, 136 households, and 79 families living in the city.
Burden, Kansas
Burden is a city in Cowley County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 535 people lived there.
Palmer, Kansas
Palmer is a city in Washington County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 111 people lived there.
Palmer was founded in 1878. It was named for J. Palmer, a teacher.
The first post office in Palmer was founded in June 1878.
Palmer is at (39.632737, -97.140028).
Palmer has warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification says that Palmer has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfa" on climate maps.
As of the 2010 census says that there were 111 people, 50 households, and 34 families living in the city.
Colony, Kansas
Colony is a city in Anderson County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 408 people lived there.
Colony was created in 1872. This was when a railroad was built through the area. It was named after a colony from Ohio and Indiana, which settled in the neighborhood.
The railroad tracks in Colony have since been changed to a rail trail. The trail is part of the Prairie Spirit Trail State Park.
Colony is at (38.070803, -95.366109). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.
Colony has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Colony has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
The 2010 census says that there were 408 people, 177 households, and 112 families living in Colony.
Colony is part of USD 479 Crest.
Villars-sous-Yens
Cambridge, Kansas
Cambridge is a city in Cowley County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 82 people lived there.
When the Kansas City, Lawrence & Southern Railroad was built a mile south of Lazette, a new place was created by Benjamin H. Clover on May 3, 1880. Cambridge was named after Cambridge University, in England. The first post office in Cambridge was created on January 30, 1880.
On December 15, 1880 the Atchison Topeka & Santa Fe Railway got nearly all the stock of the Kansas City, Lawrence & Southern Railroad. They operated the railroad as the Southern Kansas Railroad. Cambridge was a station and shipping point on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway.
Cambridge Public Emergency Radio Tower is one of two former emergency transmission facilities built during the Cold War.
Cambridge is at (37.317323, -96.667085). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land. Cambridge is on US Route 160 at State Highway 7. Cambridge is 45 miles southeast of Wichita.
Cambridge has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Cambridge has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
The 2010 census says that there were 82 people, 39 households, and 28 families living in Cambridge.
Cambridge is a part of USD 462 Central of Burden. The Burden High School mascot is Burden Raiders.
Cherryvale, Kansas
Cherryvale is a city in Montgomery County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 2,367 people lived there.
Cherryvale was created on the land of the Osage Indians. The Osage had to leave because veterans of the American Civil War were looking for land. The first white man to buy land and settle in Cherryvale was Mr. Abe Eaton. He later sold his land to the Kansas City, Lawrence & Southern Kansas Railroad. That railroad became the Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston Railway. It then became the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, which used the line for much of the 20th century. The town site was platted by the railroad in 1871. It was named Cherryvale because of its place in the valley of Cherry Creek.
Between 1871 and 1873, at least eleven people disappeared in an inn and general store operated by the Bender family. It was about eight miles () northeast of Cherryvale. After the Benders disappeared in 1873, it was found that they had killed many travelers. Between eight and eleven bodies were found buried in the area. Governor Thomas A. Osborn offered a reward of $2,000 for anyone who could find and catch the Benders, but they were never found.
The main part of the town was destroyed by fire in 1873, but was soon rebuilt. In 1880, Cherryvale became was incorporated. Natural gas was found here in 1889. Oil was found several years later.
Cherryvale is at (37.268010, -95.550778). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that, is land and is water. Is self-described as the "Gateway to Big Hill Lake."
Cherryvale has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Cherryvale has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
The 2010 census says that there were 2,367 people, 930 households, and 615 families living in Cherryvale.
Buchillon
Buchillon is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Hatchet (novel)
"Hatchet" is about a boy named Brian who is in a plane crash. He has to survive out in the wild. There are also four more books in the complete saga, which means series, and they continue with Brian's story. The series is called "Brian's Saga". They are
Hatchet begins with the crash. The man flying the plane is called a pilot, and he has a heart attack. Brian tries to fly the plane, but it crashes into a lake. Brian survives, but the pilot does not. He is very tired and weak, so he rests by a tree. Mosquitoes, biting bugs who suck blood and leave itchy bumps, bite him during dawn, when the sun rises, and dusk, when the sun falls. Brian wakes up and eats some berries that make him sick, so he is careful the next day. Then he finds some sweet raspberries and meets a bear. Brian escapes without getting hurt. He keeps living in the wild for fifty-four days.Linn, Kansas
Linn is a city in Washington County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 410 people lived there.
Linn was founded in 1877. It was named after Lewis F. Linn, a U.S. Senator from Missouri.
The first post office in Linn was founded in January 1878.
Linn is at (39.680240, -97.085422).
As of the 2010 census says that there were 410 people, 152 households, and 97 families living in the city.
Warner, Oklahoma
Warner is a town in the state of Oklahoma in the United States.
Haddam, Kansas
Haddam is a city in Washington County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 104 people lived there.
Haddam was founded in 1869. It was named after Haddam, Connecticut. In 1874, the rival town of West Haddam merged with Haddam.
Haddam is at (39.856335, -97.302865).
As of the 2010 census says that there were 104 people, 52 households, and 29 families living in the city.
Haddam is served by USD 108 Washington County Schools. The Washington County High School mascot is Tigers.
School unification consolidated Morrowville and Haddam schools into Morrowville-Haddam schools in 1967. The high school was in Morrowville. The grade school in Haddam.
Haddam, Connecticut
Haddam is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 8,346 at the 2010 census. The town was also home to the now decommissioned Connecticut Yankee nuclear reactor.
Edna, Kansas
Edna is a city in Labette County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 442 people lived there.
The first store in Edna was opened in 1876. The first post office in Edna was founded in April 1878. The town of Edna was platted in the summer of 1886 when the railroad was extended to that point.
Edna was named in 1876 for a child, Edna Gragory.
Edna is at (37.059524, -95.358583).
Edna has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system says that Edna has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
As of the 2010 census says that there were 442 people, 183 households, and 122 families living in the city.
Edna is served by USD 506 Labette County.
Edna High School was closed through school unification. The Edna High School mascot was Pirates.
Derby Playhouse
Derby Playhouse was a theatre production company based in Derby. It was also the former name of the theatre it owned and operated. The theatre opened in 1975. In 2008, the company ceased and the theatre closed.
The Derby Playhouse company had a national reputation for its productions. It premiered new theatrical works and the regional premieres of others.
In 2009, the theatre was reopened as the Derby Theatre. It is owned and operated by the University of Derby.
In 1948, the original Playhouse opened as the Little Theatre in a converted church hall on Becket Street.
In 1952, the company moved to a venue in Sacheverel Street.
In 1956, it survived a major fire.
In the 1960s and early 1970s the British government invested in the Arts Council of Great Britain's "Housing the Arts" fund. The fund enabled cities to renovate existing theatres and commission new ones. In response, the company formed the New Theatre Trust to fund its own purpose-built theatre. Roderick Ham was commissioned to design the new theatre.
Derby City Council offered the land. This was part of the new Eagle Centre shopping development.
The new Derby Playhouse was opened on 20 September 1975 by the 11th Duke of Devonshire. It had a seating capacity of 535.
In 2002, the company had money problems. It had a debt of £400,000, the biggest in its history, and it nearly closed.
By 2004 it had recovered and was breaking box-office records.
In 2007, the company again ran into serious money problems. The Board of Trustees of the theatre asked Derby City Council to advance £40,000 from their 2008 grant. It was refused. On 29 November, the Board of Trustees of the theatre announced that it was going into voluntary liquidation and that performances would immediately stop.
Nevertheless, the cast and crew of "Treasure Island" put on that evening's performance.
After the curtain call, the cast were joined on stage by the staff, the theatre's chief executive and director of the show (Karen Hebden), and two former chairmen of the Playhouse board (Michael Hall, and Jonathan Powers). They addressed the audience and press and asked them to fight for the city's theatre and get the Playhouse open again.
The following day, the Board of Trustees announced that the company had been put into administration.
The administrators allowed the Playhouse to reopen on 7 December 2007 to finish its run of "Treasure Island".
The theatre was being operated by a skeleton of essential staff, initially working unpaid. A fund was set up to accept donations to keep the Playhouse going. It was now operating as a charitable trust and relied on ticket sales and donations alone. Tickets for a Spring/Summer 2008 season had already been on sale before the closure. They were put back on sale while an appeal was made to the Arts Council. The Arts Council refused the appeal in January 2008. The theatre closed after the last performance of "Treasure Island" on 2 February 2008.
On 30 July 2008, the creditors voted to accept a rescue package put together by the company's new board of trustees.
The theatre reopened on 13 September 2008 with "The Killing of Sister George". This ran until 18 October.
It was the company's last production. The theatre was then sold to the University of Derby. It reopened in October 2009 as the Derby Theatre.
The new Derby Playhouse opened with "My Fair Lady".
The first season also included "Hamlet" and Alan Bates in "The Seagull".
Mark Woolgar was Resident Director for the first five seasons. Plays by Shakespeare, Shaw, Ibsen, Ayckbourn, Orton and Coward were put on.
In 1980, Christopher Honer joined the Playhouse as Artistic Director. Over the next seven years, the Playhouse's productions included "All My Sons" with Miranda Richardson, "Piaf" with Caroline Quentin, "The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui" starring Ben Roberts. New plays included Rony Robinson's "The Brewery Beano" and Don Shaw's "The Conspirator".
Box office successes included "Funny Peculiar", "Having A Ball!" and "Blood Brothers". During this time, the Derby Playhouse Studio, under the direction of John North, David Milne and Claire Grove, provided a year-round programme of productions. They also put on community tours and a Theatre in Education programme.
In 1987, Annie Castledine became Artistic Director. During the next three years, the Playhouse saw a completely different style of theatre. Plays included "The Innocent Mistress", "The Children's Hour" and "The Dark at the Top of the Stairs" and classic plays such as "A Doll's House" and "Jane Eyre". Other plays included "Arsenic and Old Lace", "Gaslight" and "Noises Off" alongside new work such as "Sunday's Children", "The Queen of Spades", "Selling the Sizzle" and "Self Portrait". There was a series of co-productions with the companies Shared Experience, Paines Plough and Temba. During this period, the theatre's productions became known for the strength of their on-stage visual imagery. The Playhouse was shortlisted for the Prudential Awards.
In the summer of 1990, Derbyshire County Council cut their entire arts budget. This took £130,000 of revenue grant from the Playhouse.
The City Council offered the theatre a small grant. This enabled the Playhouse to continue to operate. According to Lyn Gardner writing in "The Guardian", "it was Castledine's head that was demanded by the council as the price of underwriting the theatre's deficit." Castledine left the Playhouse.
From the summer of 1990 to Christmas 1991, Executive Director, David Edwards, was in charge of the programme. This ended with the Playhouse's production of "Hobson's Choice". This won the Theatrical Management Association's Regional Theatre Award for Best Overall Production.
In spring 1991, Mark Clements was appointed Artistic Director. His first season opened with a production of "And A Nightingale Sang". The production of John Godber's "On The Piste", was repeated later in the year, and again in 2001. Godber's work remained a popular part of the programme while Clements' was in charge. During the Clements period the programme included a variety of work, ranging from classics such as "Death of a Salesman", Aphra Behn's "Lucky Chance" and Shakespeare's "Richard III", to contemporary drama such as "Our Boys", "The Rise and Fall of Little Voice" and "Children of a Lesser God", and newly commissioned work such as "Tess of the d'Urbervilles", "Passion Killers" and "Blood Money".
Musicals became an important part of the programme, including "Grease", "Little Shop of Horrors", "Cabaret" and "Assassins". The pantomimes written by Mark Clements and Michael Vivian drew in record numbers at Christmas time.
In 2002, Mark Clements and David Edwards left the company. Karen Hebden was appointed as chief executive and Stephen Edwards as Creative Producer. Over the following years the Playhouse gained a national reputation for its productions.
There were in-house productions of "", "Into the Woods", "Company" and "Merrily We Roll Along".
Three of these productions featured Glenn Carter. One of these was a new music drama, "Moon Landing", in which he played Buzz Aldrin. It was written, composed and directed by Stephen Edwards. "Moon Landing" was nominated in the Best Musical Production category of the 2008 TMA Awards.
An original cast recording of the final performance was made. The company's last production before its permanent closure was "The Killing of Sister George" starring Jenny Eclair and directed by Cal McCrystal. Its run ended on 18 October 2008. The rest of the 2008 autumn season, including the Christmas production of "Peter Pan", was cancelled.
Derby Theatre
Derby Theatre is a theatre in Derby. It is in the Intu Derby shopping centre. It used to be known as the Derby Playhouse. It was owned and run by Derby Playhouse Ltd from its opening in 1975 until 2008, when the company ceased operating. The theatre reopened in 2009 as the Derby Theatre under the ownership of the University of Derby. The university use it as a professional and learning theatre. It has a 531 seat main auditorium and a 110-seat studio theatre.
The Derby Playhouse closed in 2008. The theatre was reopened in October 2009 as the Derby Theatre under the ownership of the University of Derby. The first two productions were by the Derby Gilbert & Sullivan Company who performed "The Gondoliers" and "The Mikado".
The University of Derby originally operated the venue in partnership with Derby LIVE, the city council's performing arts programme. The theatre being used for both visiting professional companies and as a learning and community theatre. This partnership came to end in March 2012. The University continued to operate the theatre with the support of the Arts Council England.
From May 2012, Derby Theatre received £923,000 from the Arts Council England to support a three year Learning Theatre Pilot programme. The University gave up to £500,000 per year from its Arts fund.
The theatre held a fundraising campaign to help with restoration costs. The main auditorium seating and carpets were refurbished in August 2012.
The old Arts College and Metro Cinema building on Green Lane was restored. It is an historic building owned by the University of Derby. It was adapted for the theatre's use. It has spaces for rehearsals, prop storage, and the wardrobe department. In December 2012, it was opened by the theatre's newly appointed Artistic Director, Sarah Brigham; general manager, Gary Johnson; and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Derby, John Coyne.
In November 2013, the Esmée Fairbairn Foundation awarded a grant of £164,000 to the theatre. This was to support the development of its work as a learning theatre and to focus on supporting emerging artists, developing creative skills and working with community groups.
From its opening in 2009, former actor, Gary Johnson, was the Derby Theatre's general manager. He left in November 2015.
In January 2013, Sarah Brigham became the theatre's first resident Artistic Director. Brigham later became both Chief Executive and Artistic Director.
In 2012, the first season of works included "Yes, Prime Minister", "Funny Peculiar", "Horrible Histories" and a co-production of "The Butterfly Lion" in association with New Perspectives Theatre Company and Curve Theatre.
Autumn 2012 productions included "Radio Times", "Three Men in a Boat", "Driving Miss Daisy" and "The Haunting", a musical theatre adaptation of "Charlotte's Web" in conjunction with The Birmingham Stage Company.
The 2013 season featured productions of "The Pitmen Painters", "James and the Giant Peach" and a new touring production of "Birdsong". Since its re-opening, the theatre has staged an annual children's classic during the Christmas season.
In May 2013, the first production commissioned and produced by the theatre under the artistic directorship of Sarah Brigham was Lee Hall’s Cooking with Elvis, directed by Mark Babych.
In September 2013, The first show directed by Sarah Brigham was "Kes". It featured former "Skins" actor Sam Jackson in his first stage role. Visiting productions included "Go Back for Murder" and "September in the Ratn" and a co-production with the Mercury Theatre, Colchester of "The Opinion Makers" by Brian Mitchell and Joseph Nixon.
In December 2013, the theatre teamed up with Birmingham Stage Company again to produce "Horrible Histories Horrible Christmas", directed by Phil Clark. The author Terry Deary attended the first preview performance and launched the Derby citywide Plus One scheme.
In November 2013, the theatre was recognised for its partnership with the University of Derby by winning the Excellence and Innovation in the Arts award at the 2013 THE Awards.
Blanche McIntyre won the award for Best Director for The Seagull, a co-production with Headlong, Nuffield, Southampton and Derby Theatre at the UK Theatre Awards 2013.
Geezer Butler
Terence Michael Joseph "Geezer" Butler (born 17 July 1949) is an English musician and songwriter. Butler is best known as the bassist and primary lyricist of the heavy metal band Black Sabbath. He has also recorded and performed with Heaven & Hell, GZR, and Ozzy Osbourne. He currently serves as bassist of Deadland Ritual.
Butler received the nickname "Geezer" when he was about eight years old. This was because he "used to call everybody Geezer" at school. "It was just a slang term for a man."
Butler grew up in a working-class Irish Catholic family in Birmingham. Butler was one of seven children. The family were poor.
As a teenager, Butler was heavily influenced by the writing of Aleister Crowley. By his late teens, he had stopped attending Mass. He feels that everyone should sooner or later decide for themselves what to believe in. "I was going to Mass every Sunday just to take a look at all the nice girls that were going there".
In autumn 1967, Butler formed his first band, Rare Breed. John "Ozzy" Osbourne joined as lead vocalist. Butler was dating a girl who lived near Tony Iommi. Iommi's earliest memories of Butler was of seeing him walking past his house every day to visit her. Iommi and Butler became acquainted when their bands played at a nearby nightclub. Butler and Osbourne joined guitarist Iommi and drummer Bill Ward in the band Polka Tulk. They renamed their new band Earth, but a band already existed with that name, so they were forced to change the name again. In early 1969, inspired by the Boris Karloff horror film of the same name, Butler suggested the name Black Sabbath.
In his pre-Sabbath days, inspired by John Lennon, Butler played rhythm guitar. When Sabbath was formed, Iommi made it clear that he did not want to play with another guitarist, so Butler moved to bass. According to Butler, "I'd never played bass until I was on stage at the first gig that we played. Borrowed the bass guitar off one of my friends and it only had three strings on it."
Butler lists Jack Bruce of Cream as his biggest influence as a bassist. Iommi described Butler as being "from another planet" in the band's early days; he took LSD, wore Indian hippie dresses, and was very peaceful. At the time Black Sabbath was formed, Butler was studying to become an accountant, and this training resulted in him managing the band's finances in the early days.
After Black Sabbath fired vocalist Ozzy Osbourne in 1979, Butler also briefly left the band to deal with the divorce from his first wife. The 1980 album "Heaven and Hell" was recorded with bassist Craig Gruber but Butler returned to the band at the last minute and re-recorded the bass parts prior to release.
In 1984, he left the band after touring in support of their 1983 album, "Born Again". He returned months later as the band attempted a comeback with vocalist David Donato.
In 1988, Butler joined the backing band of his former Sabbath bandmate, Osbourne, to take part in the "No Rest for the Wicked" World Tour.
In 1991, he rejoined Black Sabbath for the reunion of the "Mob Rules" line-up.
In 1994, he left again after the "Cross Purposes" tour.
In 1995 Butler again joined Osbourne's band to perform on the "Ozzmosis" album. After recording "Ozzmosis", he formed G/Z/R, issuing "Plastic Planet" the same year.
In 1997, he released his next solo album, "Black Science,".
Butler returned to Sabbath for the 1997 edition of Ozzfest. He has remained with the band since.
In 2005 he released "Ohmwork", his third solo album.
In October 2006 it was announced that Butler, along with Tony Iommi, would be reforming the "Dehumanizer"-era Black Sabbath line-up with Vinny Appice and Ronnie James Dio, under the name Heaven & Hell to differentiate between the reunited touring band fronted by Osbourne, and the current Sabbath line-up.
In 2013, he recorded on the Black Sabbath album "13" and was on the supporting album tour.
In 2017, toured on the final Black Sabbath tour, The End Tour.
Butler is married to Gloria Butler, who managed Heaven & Hell. He was divorced from his first wife in 1980. He also shares his Los Angeles home with several cats, of whom he has posted pictures on his website. His oldest son, Biff Butler, was the frontman in the nu metal band Apartment 26. Butler's younger son James has a degree in social sciences from Oxford University.
Butler is a lifelong supporter of Aston Villa Football Club. During Black Sabbath's induction to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Butler is heard shouting "Up the Villa" as the members of the band left the stage. He has referred to soccer as his "religion" and has stated that Villa legend Peter McParland is his "all-time hero".
According to Osbourne, Butler "never uses foul language". He was raised on a vegetarian diet, largely due to his family being too poor to buy meat on a regular basis, and is now a vegan since about 1994. His mother was also a vegetarian.
In 2009, Butler appeared in a promotional ad for People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. He later urged fans to boycott Fortnum & Mason until they remove foie gras from their shelves. Butler said, "I've seen some outrageous things in my time, but watching those poor birds suffer simply so that their diseased livers can be sold on your shop floor is horrific!"
Over the years, Butler has become disillusioned with politics, saying "For me, it's almost pointless voting anymore because it seems to be the same no matter what party or politics you stand for. It all seems corrupted to me. It's all the same old people that rule the world." He has also expressed concern over the increasing level of control government has in people's lives. "Every time I go back to England, there are things that totally surprise me that you never think would happen in England, just all the CCTV everywhere. There seems to be so much control over people these days", he said in 2014.
In January 2015, Butler was briefly detained after a bar brawl in Death Valley, California and charged with misdemeanor assault, public intoxication and vandalism. He was released following detoxification and a citation. In 2016 he opened up about the event: "This guy started mouthing off about something. He was, like, some drunken Nazi bloke. He [...] started going on about Jews and everything - Jews this, Jews that. My missus is Jewish and I'd just had enough, and me hand sort of met his chin. I whacked him one."
Butler is noted as being one of the first bassists to use a wah pedal and to down-tune his instrument (from the standard E-A-D-G to the lower C#-F#-B-E), as on Black Sabbath's "Master of Reality" album. This was to match Iommi who had started tuning his guitar to C# (a minor third down). During the band's Ozzy Osbourne era, Butler wrote almost all of the band's lyrics, drawing heavily upon his fascination with religion, science-fiction, fantasy and horror, and musings on the darker side of human nature that posed a constant threat of global annihilation.
Butler is regarded as one of the most influential bassists in heavy metal. Billy Sheehan of Mr. Big said: "He’s a founding father of a whole genre of music and a man who really set the bar early on to be such an integral part of the sound and song structure of Sabbath".
In Mick Wall's biography of Iron Maiden entitled "Run to the Hills", founder Steve Harris recalls: "I distinctly remember trying to play along to Black Sabbath's "Paranoid" – at first I just could not get it. I threw the guitar on my bed and walked out in a huff, but the next day I came back, picked it up and played it all the way through note-for-note! Once I got going, I started getting into bass-lines with a bit more subtlety to them...".
Former Metallica bassist Jason Newsted, who defined him his "number 1 influence", stated: "All true metal bassists look up to Geezer as a pioneer and Godfather of our chosen instrument. The best, ever".
Rex Brown of Pantera and Kill Devil Hill asserted: "He’s a legend. He’s everything. Geezer is so much of an influence on me.
Other bassists such as Cliff Burton,
Les Claypool, Steve DiGiorgio,
Alex Webster,
John Myung,
Johnny Lee Middleton,
Greg Smith cited Butler as a significant influence on their style.
Butler currently endorses Lakland basses and has his own signature model. For amplification, Butler is endorsed by Hartke bass amplification, "Kilo" bass head and 4X10 HyDrive cabinet. In the past, he has been known to use Ampeg SVT & B-15 bass amps and Fender, Dan Armstrong Plexi, Rickenbacker, Yamaha BB, Vigier and B.C. Rich Basses.
According to the Geezer Butler Bass Rig Rundown, he used the following over the years.
From early 2000's
Released in 2013
Bima
Bima (Indonesia: "Kota Bima") is a city on the eastern coast of the island Sumbawa. It is in the central Indonesian province called West Nusa Tenggara. It is the largest city on the island. The population was 142,443 at the 2010 Census. It is not part of the Regency of Bima which had a population of 407,636 at the 2010 Census.
From 1620 to 1958 it was the capital of the Bima Sultanate, one of the four sultanates on Sumbawa. Today, Bima is the largest regional and economic center of Eastern Sumbawa. People from other parts of Indonesia, especially Java, Bali, and Lombok came to live in the city.
The majority of the people in Bima are Muslims (97.38%). The rest are Protestant (0.89%), Catholic Christians (0.62%), and Hindus and Buddhists around (1.11%). The people of Bima and all of east Sumbawa speak Bima language.
The city is on the eastern shore of Bima Bay. Bima is on the Sumbawa road. Sape harbor is to the east and Dompu to the southwest. Historically, Bima was a port city that connected to other port cities in Eastern Indonesia such as Makassar and Ternate, and to ports in Lombok, Bali, and East Java. Bus services from Bima go to neighboring cities in Sumbawa and as far as Mataram in Lombok.
Sultan Muhammad Salahudin Airport (Bima Airport), is about south of the city.
Bima has 5 districts ("kecamatan"):
Bima has several popular tourist destinations, such as Mount Tambora, Wawo traditional Village, Snake Island, Ana Fari Lake, and Satonda Island. There are many white sandy beaches in north and sout Bima. The main attractions are the Sultan Salahuddin Mosque and Sultan Salahuddin Museum. The museum used to be the Bima Sultanate palace. Bima airport serves domestic and international visitors
Yishun MRT station
Yishun MRT station (NS13) is an above-ground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the North South Line in Yishun, Singapore.
Yishun station used to be the terminus of the line between 1988 and 1996, until the Woodlands Extension was completed and opened on 10 February 1996. Currently, certain trains would still terminate at this station for the truncated service between Yishun station and Marina South Pier MRT station which only operates during morning peak hours on weekdays. Prior to 2 October 2019, short-working trips exist from Yishun to Marina South Pier in early evening periods and late night periods.
Yishun station is currently one of the two MRT stations that serve Yishun New Town; the other being Khatib MRT station. Together with Yishun Bus Interchange and Northpoint City, it also forms as an integrated transport hub - Yishun Integrated Transport Hub.
In December 2001, the Singapore embassies attack plot was discovered, and had included plans to bomb this station at several points, including the sewers near the station. This was brought up in a debate during a session of the parliament, during which new security measures were proposed, especially on the MRT system itself.
On 16 April 2003, power supply to trackside equipment between Yio Chu Kang and Sembawang stations was disrupted at 8.02 am due to a lightning strike which affected eight point machines along the track.
On the early morning of 5 December 2006, a foreign worker in his early twenties, was hit by a train that was travelling towards Marina Bay. Train service was disrupted for more than an hour. He was later declared dead.
On 19 January 2008 at about 1530 hours, a call was made from a public telephone at the MRT station stating that there was a bomb at the station. Police arrested a 31-year old Chinese man that was believed to be linked to the crime on 23 February 2008. He was later charged for transmitting a false message that makes reference to a bomb.
At 11.45 am on 11 October 2008, a man was found on the tracks of the station and was sent to hospital. Train service was disrupted in between Sembawang and Yio Chu Kang stations, affecting 2900 people.
Toa Payoh MRT station
Toa Payoh MRT station (NS19) is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the North South Line in Toa Payoh, Singapore. Located within the town centre of Toa Payoh, this station is connected to Toa Payoh Bus Interchange and the HDB Hub.
Toa Payoh was the first MRT station in Singapore to be completed, topping out on 5 August 1985.
The station was the first underground station in the world to be fitted with platform screen doors. This station was among the first phase of MRT stations, from Toa Payoh to Yio Chu Kang, to be opened in Singapore on 7 November 1987. Today, the concourse area bears the inauguration plate of Singapore's MRT system.
Buru Quartet
The Buru Quartet is a series of four books written by Indonesian author Pramoedya Ananta Toer. The novels are:
The books were published between 1980 and 1988. Indonesian president Suharto banned the books. The next president B.J. Habibie also banned them. In 2000, the Indonesian government stopped banning the books so people in Indonesia could read them legally.
The novels tell the story of the Indonesian National Awakening Movement between 1898-1918. The main character is Minke. He is born in 1900, the son of a regent. Minke is educated by the Dutch. He is based on an early Indonesian journalist named Raden Tirto Adhi Soerjo.
Formoso, Kansas
Formoso is a city in Jewell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 93 people lived there.
The first post office at Formoso was founded in December 1887.
Formoso was founded about 1889.
Formoso is at (39.779355, -97.992458).
As of the 2010 census says that there were 93 people, 48 households, and 26 families living in the city.
Formoso is a part of USD 107 Rock Hills Schools. The Rock Hills High School mascot is Rock Hills Grizzlies.
Formoso schools closed through school unification. The Formoso High School mascot was Formoso Falcons.
Esbon, Kansas
Esbon is a city in Jewell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 99 people lived there.
Esbon was planned out in 1873. It was incorporated as a city in 1904.
The first post office in Esbon was created in January 1874.
Esbon is at (39.822656, -98.433762).
As of the 2010 census says that there were 99 people, 52 households, and 24 families living in the city.
Dresden, Kansas
Dresden is a city in Decatur County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 41 people lived there.
Dresden was created in 1888. It was named by German settlers after the city of Dresden, in Germany.
The first post office in Dresden was created in October 1888.
Dresden is at (39.622221, -100.421403).
As of the 2010 census says that there were 41 people, 19 households, and 12 families living in the city.
Summit, Oklahoma
Summit is a city in Oklahoma in the United States.
Cuba, Missouri
Cuba is a city in Crawford County in the state of Missouri in the United States.
This Earth of Mankind
This Earth of Mankind is the first book in Pramoedya Ananta Toer's "Buru Quartet". Hasta Mitra first published it in 1980. The story happens at the end of the Dutch colonial rule in Indonesia. Pramoedya wrote the novel in prison on Buru island in eastern Indonesia. Pramoedya told the story aloud to other prisoners in 1973 because he was not allowed to write. The story spread through all the prisoners until 1975. Then Pramoedya was finally allowed to write the full story.
The main character and narrator of "This Earth of Mankind" is a Javanese boy named Minke. He attends an elite Dutch school. Minke's life becomes dangerous when he falls in love with Annelies, the beautiful Indo daughter of Nyai Ontosoroh. In "This Earth of Mankind", Pramoedya showed the racism of the Dutch colony.
The Indonesian Attorney General banned "This Earth of Mankind" in 1981. Many copies of the first editions survived. In 2005 the publisher Lentera Depantara started to publish it again in Indonesia. It had already been published worldwide in 33 languages.
"This Earth of Mankind" tells the story of Minke. He is a Javanese minor royal who studies at a Dutch "Hogere Burger School". At that time, usually only Europeans could study there. Minke is a talented young writer. His writing is published in several Dutch-language journals. They are popular. But many of Minke's classmates hate him because he is "native". His classmates are all at least partly European descent.
Minke meets an unusual Indonesian woman, Nyai Ontosoroh. She is the concubine of a Dutch man called Herman Mellema. Minke falls in love with their daughter, Annelies. They marry in an Islamic wedding. But by Dutch law, they are not marriedbecause it was "native" and Annelies' Dutch guardians did not approve.
It was common for local women to become the concubines of Dutch men living in the East Indies. Their children were either illegitimate "natives" and lost legal rights. Or if their father accepted them as his children they were called "Indos". Then the mother lost all rights over their children. Nyai Ontosoro suffers because of her low status and lack of rights. But, she believes education is the way to show her basic humanity. She believes that learning is the way to oppose racism, stupidity, and poverty. However, deciding to make her children Herman Mellema's children causes terrible problems for them.
After release from detention in April 1980 Pramoedya and Hasjim Rachman met with Joesoef Isak. Rachman had been editor of the "Eastern Star". Isak used to be a journalist at the "Merdeka" newspaper. He had been in Salemba prison. They agreed to publish works by ex-political prisoners that other publishers would not.
They chose "This Earth of Mankind" ("Bumi Manusia") as the first book. Pramoedya began working hard on the papers that he had brought from the Buru island. Prison officials had taken most of his writing. At the same time, Hasjim and Joesoef talked to government officials, including the Vice-President, Adam Malik. They were positive about the plans.
In July 1980, the manuscript of "This Earth of Mankind" was sent to the Aga Press printers. 5,000 copies of "This Earth of Mankind" sold in 12 days. Soon other publishers in Hong Kong, Malaysia, the Netherlands, and Australia asked the publishers, Hasta Mitra, for permission to make translations. The Wira Karya publishing house in Malaysia paid royalties of as much as 12% direct to Pramoedya.
By November, Hasta Mitra had published its third edition, and had sold about 10,000 copies. The book was well-received critically. It was called "the best work of literature of our times." The Armed Forces daily newspaper called it "a new contribution to the treasury of Indonesian literature".
the Attorney General of Indonesia banned "This Earth of Mankind" in 1981. He said it promoted Marxist-Leninist ideas and Communism. Neither are in the book.
First, the Ampat Lima printing house were told to not print any books published by Hasta Mitra. The editors of major media were told that they were not allowed to review or praise "This Earth of Mankind" or any of Pramoedya's other writing.
In April 1981, some New Order youth groups criticized Pramoedya's writing. Mass media reported this as the people not liking Pramoedya's work. New Order media such as "Suara Karya", "Pelita" and "Karya Dharma" began publishing criticisms of "This Earth of Mankind" and its author.
The Association of Indonesian Publishers (IKAPI) had been planning an exhibition of books that year. They canceled Hasta Mitra's membership in the association. IKAPI had been enthusiastic about asking the publisher to become a member and be involved in its activities. Newspapers that used to support Pramoedya stopped publishing his writing. They also started rejecting writing by authors who supported Pramoedya.
Finally, on 29 May 1981, the Attorney General published regulation SK-052/JA/5/1981 about the banning of "This Earth of Mankind" and its sequel "Child of All Nations (Anak Semua Bangsa)". The regulation mentioned a letter from Suharto.
The Attorney General's office took all copies of "This Earth of Mankind" and "Child of All Nations" tried to take all copies of the books from all book shops. However, by August 1981, they only took 972 copies of the books although about 20,000 copies had been printed.
The translator of "This Earth of Mankind" into English, Maxwell Lane, was a staff member of the Australian Embassy in Jakarta. The Australian Government recalled him in September 1981. The Ampat Lima printing company closed because of pressure from the Attorney General's office and the Interior Ministry.
"This Earth of Mankind" was made into an Indonesian language movie. Production started in 2006. Armantono wrote the script.
The moviewas shown in Indonesian movie theaters in August 2019.
Widnau
Madagascar Kartz
Madagascar Kartz is a racing game based on DreamWorks Animation's "Madagascar". It was released in 2009.
The game is a basic kart racing game and the player can perform jumps, flips, and rolls.
Superior, Nebraska
Superior is a city in Nuckolls County, Nebraska, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 1,957.
Li Yugang
Li Yugang is a singer and artist from Jilin, China. He was the second Chinese person to sing at the Sydney Opera House.
Li Yugang was born into a farming family in Jilin province in 1978. He started in opera when he was a child. Despite this, he could not study at a university as his parents were too poor to support this. Instead, he worked in various jobs in Changchun after finishing high school.
Li Yugang was went to Xi'an in 1998. There he became known for singing both roles a duets by himself. He was first exposed to the Nandan art in Peking Opera and became very interested in it.
In August 2006, Li Yugang became famous by participating in the "Xingguang Dadao".
In February 23 2009, Li Yugang joined in the China Opera and Dance Theater as a "special talent people".
From 2010–2014, Li Yugang created "Flower in the Mirror, Moon in the Water" () and "Portrait of Four Ancient Beauties" (). Together he performed over 100 shows in the country and internationally. Li Yugang also released 3 CDs from his company "The New Drunken Beauty" (), "The Dream Chaser" () and "Lotus Flower" (). In 2014, the Rhymoi Music company released Li Yugang's "Once Upon a Time in Shanghai" () CD album. In 2015, Li Yugang directed and starred in his own stage masterpiece "Lady Zhaojun" (), a grand Oriental Poetic Stage production which took him three years in preparation.
Arthur Marks
Arthur Ronald Marks (August 2, 1927 – November 13, 2019) was an American movie and television director, writer, and producer. He was best known for his work in the blaxploitation genre. He was born in Los Angeles, California
His best known movies are "Bonnie's Kids", "Detroit 9000", "Friday Foster", "Bucktown", "The Monkey Hu$tle" and "J. D.'s Revenge". He also directed and produced many episodes of the American legal drama "Perry Mason", as well as episodes of "Starsky & Hutch", "Mannix", "I Spy", "My Friend Tony ,"The Dukes of Hazzard", "Steve Canyon" , and "Young Daniel Boone".
Marks died on November 13, 2019 in Los Angeles at the age of 92.
Anton Mavretič
Anton Mavretič (11 December 1934 – 21 November 2019) was a Slovene electrical engineer. He worked in the United States. He died on 21 November 2019 at the age of 84. He was born in Metlika, Slovenia.
Mavretič was professor and research associate at the Center for Space Physics at Boston University. He was a corresponding member of Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts from June 2007 until his death. In 1985 he founded his consulting firm SIAT of Boston LLC.