AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
After joining the 'Tel Quel group' founded by Sollers, Kristeva mostly worked on the politics of language and became an active member of the group. She trained in psychoanalysis, and earned her degree in 1979. In some ways, her work can be seen as trying to adapt a psychoanalytic approach to poststructuralist criticism. For example, her view of the subject, and its construction has some things in common with Sigmund Freud and Lacan. However, Kristeva rejects any understanding of the subject in a structuralist sense. Instead, she describes the subject as always "in process" or "on trial". In this way, she contributes to the poststructuralist critique of essentialized structures, while preserving the teachings of psychoanalysis. She travelled to China in the 1970s and later wrote "About Chinese Women" (1977).
One of Kristeva's most important contributions is that signification is composed of two elements: the symbolic and the "semiotic". That use of semiotic is different from the discipline of semiotics founded by Ferdinand de Saussure. Augustine Perumalil explained that Kristeva's "semiotic is closely related to the infantile pre-Oedipal referred to in the works of Freud, Otto Rank, Melanie Klein, British Object Relation psychoanalysis, and Lacan's pre-mirror stage." It is an emotional field that is related to the instincts in the gaps and sounds of language rather than in the denotative meanings of words. According to Birgit Schippers, the semiotic is associated with music, poetry, rhythm, and that which lacks structure and meaning. It is closely tied to the "feminine" and shows the state of the pre-Mirror Stage infant that has not yet developed independently.
In the Mirror Stage, the child learns to tell the difference between self and other. The child begins a process of sharing cultural meaning, known as the symbolic. In "Desire in Language" (1980), Kristeva describes the symbolic as the development of language in the child to become a "speaking subject" and to develop a sense of identity separate from the mother. This process of separation is known as abjection. The child must reject and move away from the mother in order to enter into the world of language, culture, meaning, and the social. This realm of language is called the symbolic and is different from the semiotic that is associated with the masculine, the law, and structure. Kristeva thinks differently from Lacan. She thinks that even after entering the symbolic, the subject continues to move back and forth between the semiotic and the symbolic. Therefore, the child does not form a fixed identity. The subject is permanently "in process". Because female children continue to identify to some degree with the mother figure, they are especially likely to retain a close connection to the semiotic. This continued identification with the mother may result in what Kristeva refers to in "Black Sun" (1989) as melancholia (depression), because female children both reject and identify with the mother figure at the same time.
It has also been suggested (e.g., Creed, 1993) that the degradation of women and women's bodies in popular culture (and particularly, for example, in slasher films) emerges because of the threat to identity that the mother's body poses: it is a reminder of time spent in the undifferentiated state of the semiotic, where one has no concept of self or identity. After abjecting the mother, subjects retain an unconscious fascination with the semiotic, desiring to reunite with the mother, while at the same time fearing the loss of identity that accompanies it. Slasher films thus provide a way for audience members to safely reenact the process of abjection by vicariously expelling and destroying the mother figure.
Kristeva uses Plato’s idea of the "chora", meaning "a nourishing maternal space" (Schippers, 2011). Kristeva’s idea of the "chora" may mean: a reference to the uterus, as a metaphor for the relationship between the mother and child, and as the time before the Mirror Stage.
Kristeva is also know for working on intertextuality.
Kristeva argues that anthropology and psychology, or the connection between the social and the subject, do not represent each other, but rather follow the same logic: the survival of the group and the subject. Furthermore, in her analysis of Oedipus, she claims that the speaking subject cannot exist on his/her own, but that he/she "stands on the fragile threshold as if stranded on account of an impossible demarcation" ("Powers of Horror", p. 85).
In her comparison between the two disciplines, Kristeva claims that the way in which an individual excludes the abject mother as a means of forming an identity, is the same way in which societies are constructed. On a broader scale, cultures exclude the maternal and the feminine, and by this come into being.
Kristeva has been called an important leader of French feminism together with Simone de Beauvoir, Hélène Cixous, and Luce Irigaray. Kristeva has had a strong influence on feminism and feminist literary studies in the US and the UK. She has also influenced thinking about contemporary art. But her relation to feminist groups and movements in France has been very controversial. Kristeva made a famous statement about three types of feminism in "Women's Time" in "New Maladies of the Soul" (1993). She rejected the first two types, including that of Beauvoir. Some people think she completely rejects feminism. Kristeva proposed an idea of multiple sexual identities against concepts of "unified feminine language".
Kristeva says American feminist academics have misunderstood her writings. According to Kristeva, it was not enough to take language apart to find its hidden meaning. History, individual psychic and sexual experiences also tell us how to understand language. This is a post-structuralist approach. It helped some social groups to find the source of their oppression in the language that they used. However, Kristeva believes that it is harmful to think of collective identity as more important than individual identity. She thinks that politics that makes sexual, ethnic, and religious identities the most important thing is ultimately totalitarian.
Kristeva wrote some novels that are like detective stories. The books have mystery and suspense, but readers also find ideas from her theoretical projects. "Murder in Byzantium" has themes from orthodox Christianity and politics. She called it "a kind of anti-Da Vinci Code".
Kristeva won the Holberg International Memorial Prize in 2004. She won the 2006 Hannah Arendt Prize for Political Thought. She has also received Commander of the Legion of Honor, Commander of the Order of Merit, and the Vaclav Havel Prize.
Roman Jakobson said that Kristeva was very good at asking questions in a way that interested people even if they disagreed with her
Roland Barthes comments that Julia Kristeva changes the place of things. He says that she always destroys your last prejudice and that she turns authority against itself."
Ian Almond criticizes Kristeva's ethnocentrism. He repeats Gayatri Spivak's conclusion that Kristeva's book "About Chinese Women" has problems. Almond says it has the same discrimination and bias as in the eighteenth century. Also, he says that Kristeva wrote about two thousand years of history that she does not know well. Almond also thinks that Kristeva's ideas about the Muslim world, culture, and believers are too simple. He adds that Kristeva ignores Muslim women and pays too much attention to the Rushdie fatwa.
Other books about Julia Kristeva:
Linda Collins-Smith
Linda F. Collins-Smith (December 31, 1961 – June 4, 2019) was an American businesswoman and politician. She was a Republican member of the Arkansas Senate from 2015 through 2019 and before was a member of the Arkansas House of Representatives from 2011 to 2013. She was born in Pocahontas, Arkansas.
On June 4, 2019, a decomposing body was found in a blanket outside Collins-Smith's home in Pocahontas, with a gunshot wound. On June 6, police announced the body was Collins-Smith. They did not confirm a cause of death.
Jonathan Nichols (politician)
Jonathan Nichols (November 14, 1965 – June 5, 2019) was an American politician. He was born in Norman, Oklahoma. He was a member of the Oklahoma Senate from 2001 to 2013. He was a member of the Republican Party. He was an attorney and became Assistant District Attorney.
On June 5, 2019, Nichols was found dead of an apparent gunshot wound at his home in Norman. The exact cause and manner of death are under investigation.
Paul &quot;Lil' Buck&quot; Sinegal
Paul "Lil' Buck" Sinegal (January 14, 1944 – June 10, 2019) was an American blues and zydeco guitarist and singer-songwriter. He was born in Lafayette, Louisiana.
In the late 1960s, he recorded his own instrumentals, including "Cat Scream" and "Monkey in a Sack", for the La Louisiane record label. Later, in the 1980s and 1990s, he also toured internationally with Buckwheat Zydeco and with Rockin' Dopsie. He founded the Cowboy Stew Blues Revue with C. C. Adcock. In 1999, he released the album "The Buck Starts Here".
Sinegal died on June 9, 2019 at his home in Lafayette from problems caused by an illness, aged 75.
Wang Jun (businessman)
Wang Jun (; April 11, 1941 – June 10, 2019) was a Chinese business executive. He was Chairman of the Poly Group. He also was Chairman the state-owned China International Trust and Investment Corporation (CITIC) and held the rank of a government minister. He retired in 2006. He was born in Hunan.
Wang died on June 10, 2019, at the age of 78.
Son Myung-soon
Son Myung-soon (Hangul:손명순, Hanja:孫命順) (also transliterated as Sohn Myung Soon) (born 16 January 1929) is a South Korean socialite. She was the widow of South Korean President Kim Young-sam. She was the first lady when Kim Young-sam was in office, from 1993 to 1998.
Megathrust earthquake
Valeria Valeri
Valeria Valeri (born Valeria Tulli; 8 December 1921 – 11 June 2019) was an Italian actress. She was born in Rome. She appeared in theatre, movies, television and also dubbed in Italian. She is known for her roles in the movies "Adriana Lecouvreur" (1955), "Lo scippo" (1965), "Seasons of Our Love" (1966) and "Catherine and I" (1980). She later appeared in the series "Un medico in famiglia".
Valeri died on 11 June 2019 in Rome, at the age of 97.
Gavin Robertson
Gavin Ron Robertson (born 28 May 1966) is an Australian former cricketer. He was born in St Leonards, New South Wales. He was a right-handed off-break bowler and a lower-order batsman. He played for the Australia national team, including four Test matches in 1998. He also played for New South Wales and Tasmania. He later became a musician and a sports panellist.
In May 2019, it was announced that Robertson has brain cancer.
Ellicott City, Maryland
Ellicott City is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in, and the county seat of, Howard County, Maryland, United States. Part of the Baltimore metropolitan area, its population was 65,834 at the 2010 census, making it as the largest unincorporated county seat in the country.
Pontyberem
Pontyberem is a village located in Carmarthenshire, Wales. In the 2011 Census the population of the village was 2,768 people.
Notable people from Pontyberem include Jonny Clayton and Dorothy Squires.
Joël Matip
Job Joël André Matip (born 8 August 1991) is a German-born professional footballer. He plays for Premier League club Liverpool and the Cameroon national team. He plays as a centre back.
Matip was born in Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia. He started his professional career with Schalke 04 in 2009. He was part of the Schalke side that won the DFB-Pokal and DFL-Supercup in 2011. He made 258 competitive appearances and scored 23 goals for Schalke before moving to Liverpool on a free transfer in 2016. He won the UEFA Champions League with Liverpool, playing the full 90 minutes in the final in 2019. In the same game, he also assisted Divock Origi's goal in the 87th minute that saw Liverpool defeat Tottenham Hotspur 2–0.
Matip was born and raised in Germany but chose to represent his father's birth country, Cameroon, at international level. He played for them at the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations and the FIFA World Cups of 2010 and 2014. He chose not to play for Cameroon at the 2017 Africa Cup of Nations.
Schalke 04
Maidenhead (UK Parliament constituency)
Ryan Phillippe
Matthew Ryan Phillippe (born September 10, 1974) is an American actor. He played Billy Douglas in the soap opera "One Life to Live". He later became famous in the late 1990s with starring roles in the movies "I Know What You Did Last Summer" (1997), "54" (1998) and "Cruel Intentions" (1999). After 2000, he appeared in many movies, including "Gosford Park" (2001), "Crash" (2004), "Flags of Our Fathers" (2006), "Breach" (2007), "Stop-Loss" (2008), "MacGruber" (2010), "The Bang-Bang Club" (2010) and "The Lincoln Lawyer" (2011). He starred as Bob Lee Swagger in the lead role of the USA Network thriller drama "Shooter" (2016–2018).
Phillippe was born in New Castle, Delaware. He was married to actress Reese Witherspoon from 1999 until their divorce in 2007. The couple have two children. He also has a daughter from a relationship with actress Alexis Knapp.
Whitey Herzog
Dorrel Norman Elvert "Whitey" Herzog (born November 9, 1931) is an American former baseball player and manager. He was born in New Athens, Illinois. He played as an outfielder and left-handed batter. He played for the Washington Senators (1956–58), Kansas City Athletics (1958–60), Baltimore Orioles (1961–62) and Detroit Tigers (1963). He later managed Texas Rangers (1973), California Angels (1974), Kansas City Athletics (1975–79) and St. Louis Cardinals (1980–90). He won the 1982 World Series during his time with the Cardinals. In 2010, Herzog was added to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum.
WonderCon
Mark Giordano
Mark Giordano (born October 3, 1983) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who currently serves as captain of the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Lone Star, Kansas
Lone Star is an unincorporated area in Douglas County, in the U.S. state of Kansas. It is southwest of Lawrence.
The first people came in 1854. These people were mostly people who wanted slavery in Kansas. By 1860, many of these people left when Kansas was going to be an anti-slavery state.
Lone Star Lake is close to Lone Star. The Civilian Conservation Corps built it in the 1930s.
Stull, Kansas
Stull is an unincorporated community in Douglas County, Kansas, United States. It was created in 1857. It is about 7 miles west of Lawrence, and it's about 10 miles east of Topeka.
The Stull Cemetery has rumors that it is haunted. These rumors involve Satan, the occult, and that the cemetery is a way to get into Hell.
List of Pixar shorts
Beginning with Pixar's second film "A Bug's Life", all subsequent Pixar feature films, except "Coco", have been shown in theaters along with a Pixar-created original short film, known as a "short." Other Pixar shorts, released only on home media, were created to showcase what Pixar has technologically in their works.
Clinton, Kansas
Clinton is an unincorporated community in Douglas County, Kansas, United States. It is on a peninsula in Clinton Lake.
Clinton was created in 1854. At that time, the town's name was Bloomington. In less than 8 months, there were 530 people living in the town. The people in Bloomington were very anti-slavery. They helped slaves run away using the Underground Railroad.
In 1857, half of the town moved. The half that was left changed their name to Winchester. The town became incorporated on February 20, 1857, and they changed their name to Clinton. It is named after Clinton, Illinois.
The post office in Clinton closed in 1927.
Lone Star Lake
Tompall &amp; the Glaser Brothers
Tompall & the Glaser Brothers was an American country music group composed of three brothers: Chuck Glaser (February 27, 1936 – June 10, 2019), Jim (December 16, 1937 – April 6, 2019), and Tompall Glaser (September 3, 1933 – August 13, 2013).
The Glaser Brothers started singing together at country fairs. In 1957 the group got their big break when they appeared on the "Arthur Godfrey's Talent Show" and attracted the attention of several well known country stars, including Marty Robbins.
Tompall Glaser
Thomas Paul "Tompall" Glaser (September 3, 1933 – August 12, 2013) was an American outlaw country music artist. He recorded as a solo artist and with his brothers Chuck and Jim in the trio Tompall & the Glaser Brothers.
Glaser's highest-charting solo single was Shel Silverstein's "Put Another Log on the Fire", which peaked at No. 21 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles.
Glaser died August 13, 2013 in Nashville, Tennessee, aged 79, after a long illness.
Spalding, Nebraska
Spalding is a village in Greeley County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 487 at the 2010 census.
Karl Hurm
Karl Hurm (December 29, 1930 – June 8, 2019) was a German contemporary painter. He was born in Haigerloch, Germany. He worked at the Haigerloch (Germany) from 1998 until his death in 2019. Hurm's paintings begun in the 1970s to a certain style; they are often referred to as "naïve art".
Hurm died on June 8, 2019 at a hospital in Balingen, Germany at the age of 88.
Haigerloch
Balingen
Balingen is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Zollernalbkreis. It is located near the Swabian Alb. It is 35 km to the south of Tübingen, 35 km northeast of Villingen-Schwenningen, and 60 km southwest of Stuttgart.
Domenico De Simone (31 May 1926 – 11 June 2019) was an Italian politician. He was a member of the Communist Party (PCI). He served as a Senator from 1976 to 1979. He was then elected to the Chamber of Deputies, serving from 1979 to 1983. De Simone was born in Torremaggiore and was the town's mayor between 1960 and 1976.
De Simone died on 11 June 2019 in Torremaggiore, at the age of 93.
Noel Lloyd
Noel Lloyd (December 1946 – 7 June 2019) was a Welsh academic. He started his academic career at the University of Cambridge. He moved to Aberystwyth University in 1974 and became Professor of Mathematics. He served as vice-chancellor of Aberystwyth University from 2004 to 2011. After his retirement, he was elected to the Learned Society of Wales.
Lloyd died on 7 June 2019, at the age of 72.
Kamalamai
Podar Schools
Podar Education Network is a network of private, co-educational schools in India. It is managed by the Podar Education Trust, with its head office in Mumbai. The organisation has over 110 schools across India, making it one of the largest private education networks in India.
The network has been preparing students for the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE), Council for Indian School Certificate Examinations (ICSE), Secondary School Certificate (SSC), IGCSE and International Baccalaureate (IB) examinations across the country.
Damian Lewis
Damian Watcyn Lewis (born 11 February 1971) is an English actor and movie producer.
Lewis played U.S. Army Major Richard Winters in the HBO miniseries "Band of Brothers", U.S. Marine Sergeant Nicholas Brody in the Showtime series "Homeland", King Henry VIII in the BBC Two serial "Wolf Hall" and currently plays Bobby Axelrod in the Showtime series "Billions" (2016–present).
For his role in "Homeland", he has earned a Primetime Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award.
Lewis has also appeared in movies such as "Stormbreaker" (2005), "The Baker" (2007), "Will" (2011), "Your Highness" (2011), "The Sweeney" (2012), "Queen of the Desert" (2015), "Once Upon a Time in Hollywood" (2019).
Lewis was born in St John's Wood, London. He was married to actress Helen McCrory from 2007 until her death from cancer in 2021. The couple had two children. Lewis is a supporter of Liverpool Football Club.
Velvel Pasternak
Velvel Pasternak (October 1, 1933 – June 11, 2019) was a Canadian-born American musicologist, conductor, arranger, producer and publisher. He was born in Toronto, Ontario to immigrant parents from Poland. Pasternak studied at Juilliard School and Columbia University, and specialized in Jewish music. In 1981, "The New York Times Times" called him "largest publisher of Jewish music." He was the founder of Tara Publications. He was responsible for publishing 26 recordings and over 150 books of Jewish music starting in 1971.
Pasternak died in New York City on June 11, 2019, at the age of 85.
Philomena Lynott
Philomena Lynott (22 October 1930 – 12 June 2019) was an Irish author and businesswoman. She was the mother of Thin Lizzy frontman Phil Lynott. She was known for her autobiography "My Boy". It documented the relationship between her and her son. She was the proprietor of the Clifton Grange Hotel, Manchester.
Lynott criticised the US Republican Party for using Thin Lizzy's "The Boys Are Back in Town" as a promotional song.
Lynott died on 12 June 2019, after suffering from lung cancer, aged 88.
Billy McKee
Billy McKee (; 12 November 1921 – 11 June 2019) was an Irish republican. He was a founding member and leader of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA). McKee became the first OC of the Provisional IRA Belfast Brigade.
On 15 April 1971 McKee, along with Proinsias MacAirt, was arrested by the British Army when found in possession of a hand gun. He was charged and convicted for possession of the weapon and imprisoned in Crumlin Road Prison. McKee was released on 4 September 1974 and resumed his position as OC of the Belfast Brigade.
McKee died on 11 June 2019, aged 97. His funeral took place on 15 June 2019 in west Belfast.
Bob Harrison (basketball)
Robert William Harrison (born August 12, 1927) is an American former professional basketball player. He played as a point guard and a shooting guard. He played nine seasons (1949–1958) in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Minneapolis Lakers, Milwaukee / St. Louis Hawks and Syracuse Nationals. He was a three-time NBA champion and an NBA All-Star in 1956. Harrison later coached basketball at Kenyon College and Harvard University. He was born in Toledo, Ohio.
1982 Stanley Cup Finals
I Marine Expeditionary Force
The I Marine Expeditionary Force is a Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) of the United States Marine Corps. Three units made up most of the Force. They are the 1st Marine Division, 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing, and 1st Marine Logistics Group. It is based at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton.
I Marine Expeditionary Force is the largest of the three MEFs in the Marine Corps. The Force is commonly called the "Warfighting MEF" as it is constantly involved in major wars around the world. Lt. Gen. Joseph Osterman currently commands the Force. His deputy is Brig. Gen. Rick Uribe.
Steve Watkins
Steven Charles Watkins Jr. (born September 18, 1976) is an American veteran, politician and businessman. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives for Kansas' . He is a Republican.
In July 2020, Watkins was charged with voter fraud by Shawnee County District Attorney.
In August 2020, he lost his re-election primary campaign to Kansas State Treasurer Jake LaTurner.
Jordi Sierra i Fabra
Jordi Sierra i Fabra (born 26 July 1947 in Barcelona) is a Spanish author. His works for children's literature have been published in Spain and Latin America. He has also studied pop music since the late 1960s. He has founded and/or managed several journals, including"El Gran Musical", "Disco Exprés", "Popular 1" "Top Magazine".
His writing has won many awards.
Massachusetts Street
Kansas River
Wakarusa River
Pervis Ellison
Sylvia Miles
Sylvia Miles (September 9, 1924 – June 12, 2019) was an American actress. She was born in Greenwich Village, New York City. She was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her roles in "Midnight Cowboy" (1969) and "Farewell, My Lovely" (1975). She also starred as Mrs. Fisher in the comedy "She-Devil" (1989).
Miles died on June 12, 2019 in Manhattan at the age of 94. She was suffering from anemia and respiratory illnesses at the time of her death.
Wim Betz
Willem (Wim) Betz (22 February 1943 – 8 June 2019) was a Belgian physician. He was a professor emeritus at the Belgian university Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) until November 2007. Betz was a leading skeptic in Flanders and participant in the "EU COST B4 Project". He was a founding member and vice-president of the Belgian skeptic organisation SKEPP.
Betz died on 8 June 2019 at the age of 76.
Sarah Nicole Jones
Sarah Nicole Jones is an American TV writer and producer.
First serving as a writer's assistant on SyFy's "Eureka", Jones eventually became a staff writer for ".
, Jones is currently a producer for ".
Armand De Decker
Armand De Decker (8 October 1948 – 12 June 2019) was a Belgian politician. He was a member of the French-speaking liberal party Mouvement réformateur (MR). De Decker was President of the Senate from 1999 to 2004 and again from 2007 to 2010. De Decker was Mayor of Uccle until 2017. He was born in Brussels.
De Decker died on 12 June 2019 in Uccle at the age of 70.
Léon Kalenga Badikebele
Léon Kalenga Badikebele (17 July 1956 – 12 June 2019) was a Congolese prelate of the Catholic Church. He worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See. He held the rank of Apostolic Nuncio from 2008 until his death and was Nuncio to Argentina from 2018 until his death in June 2019. He was born in Kamina, Haut-Lomami, then in the Belgian Congo.
Badikebele died on 12 June 2019 from a long-illness at the age of 62.
2019–20 Hong Kong protests
The 2019-20 Hong Kong anti-extradition bill protests were caused by the Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill 2019 proposed by the Government of Hong Kong. Many protests were held in Hong Kong and other cities around the world, protesting against the bill.
People worried that the bill would cause the city to open itself up to the reach of mainland Chinese law and that people from Hong Kong could become subject to a different legal system.
Various protests have been launched in Hong Kong by the general public and legal communities. Among these, the 9 June protest organised by the Civil Human Rights Front (CHRF), had 1.03 million people protest on the streets. Protests in other places were also launched by overseas Hongkongers and locals.
Despite the widespread demonstrations, the government initially insisted on the bill's passage, saying that the bill was urgent and that the legal "loophole" should be fixed. On 15 June 2019, Carrie Lam announced the suspension of the bill. On 4 September, Lam promised that the bill would be withdrawn when the Legislative Council started again in October. The government formally withdrew the bill on 23 October.
2019 Danish general election
Dermatophyllum
Dermatophyllum is a segregated genus of Sophoreae. G P Yakovlev recognized C secundiflora (Ortega)Yakovlev, C.arizonica (Wats.)Yakovlev, C.purpursii (Brandegee)Yakovlev and C.formosa (Kearney et Peebles)Yakovlev
Suskityrannus
Ashleigh Barty
Ashleigh Barty (born 24 April 1996) is an Australian professional tennis player and former cricketer. She is currently ranked world No. 1 in singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). She is the second Australian WTA singles No. 1 after fellow Australian player Evonne Goolagong Cawley. Barty has won five singles titles and ten doubles titles on the WTA Tour. Of her wins, she has won one Grand Slam singles title at the 2019 French Open and one Grand Slam doubles title at the 2018 US Open with partner CoCo Vandeweghe.
Barty was born in Ipswich, Queensland and grew up in Springfield, Queensland. She has an Indigenous Australian background through her father.
Deaths in December 2016
The following is a list of notable deaths in December 2016.
Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:
Diane Baker
Diane Carol Baker (born February 25, 1938) is an American actress, producer and educator. She started her acting career in 1959. She has starred in many movies including "The Diary of Anne Frank" (1959), "Journey to the Center of the Earth" (1959), "The Prize" (1963), "Marnie" (1964), "The Silence of the Lambs" (1991) and "The Cable Guy" (1996). She has appeared in television series such as "The Virginian", "Here We Go Again", "Columbo" and "House".
Baker was born in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California.
Bernie Taupin
Bernard John Taupin (born 22 May 1950) is an English lyricist, poet, writer, and visual artist. He was born in Sleaford, Lincolnshire. Best known for his long-term partnership with Elton John, having written the lyrics for most of John's songs. Taupin has also worked with Alice Cooper and Willie Nelson.
Notable works by Taupin and John include the songs "Rocket Man", "Levon", "Crocodile Rock", "Tiny Dancer", "Candle in the Wind", "Saturday Night's Alright for Fighting", "Goodbye Yellow Brick Road", "Mona Lisas and Mad Hatters", "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me", "Daniel", "Your Song", "I'm Still Standing", "I Guess That's Why They Call It The Blues", "Sacrifice", "The One", "Simple Life", "The Last Song", "Club at the End of the Street" and "Believe". In September 1997, he rewrote the lyrics of "Candle in the Wind" for "Candle in the Wind 1997", a tribute to the late Diana, Princess of Wales.
In 1992, Taupin and John were added to the Songwriters Hall of Fame. In 2005, he was awarded the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song for "A Love That Will Never Grow Old" for the movie "Brokeback Mountain". He was played by Jamie Bell in the biopic movie "Rocketman" (2019).
Taupin has been married four times and divorced three times. He has been married to Heather Kidd since 2004. The couple have two children.
Illumination (company)
Illumination (formerly known as Illumination Entertainment) is an American movie and animation studio founded by Chris Meledandri in 2007 and owned by Universal Pictures, a division of NBCUniversal. NBCUniversal is a division of Comcast.
New Jersey Department of Transportation
The New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) controls transportation in New Jersey. NJDOT maintains the State's road system, making policies and solving problems. It is headed by the "Commissioner of Transportation", who is now Diane Gutierrez-Scaccetti.
The New Jersey Department of Transportation was made in 1966. It was the first State transportation agency in the United States. Its rail division was made in 1979, at the same time as New Jersey Transit.
NJDOT has been removing many traffic circles in New Jersey since the late 1970s.
NJDOT controls 2,316 miles of roads in New Jersey. All major roads in New Jersey are controlled by NJDOT, except for the New Jersey Turnpike, the Garden State Parkway, and Interstate bridges and tunnels.
The NJDOT has also supported passenger trains in New Jersey since the 1960s. It has bought many other railroad companies from that time onwards.
NJDOT is a member of the Northeast Corridor Commission.
NJDOT has a Traffic Management Center in Woodbridge, New Jersey.
It is home to the New Jersey State Police and the New Jersey Turnpike Authority. The center looks after the resources in New Jersey whenever there are big incidents all day.
JDSU
JDS Uniphase Corporation (JDSU) was an Ottawa company that made fibre-optic network parts. Over 10,000 people worked for them in Ottawa and 30,000 world-wide.
JDS Fitel was founded by Jozef Straus in 1981. Straus, an engineer, also worked at Bell-Northern Research.
Daemonologie
Daemonologie—in full Daemonologie, In Forme of a Dialogue, Divided into three Books: By the High and Mighty Prince, James &c.—was written and published in 1597 by King James VI of Scotland (later also James I of England). It is a medieval philosophy that discusses the relationship between ancient necromancy and the ancient black magic that was popular during the Middle Ages. It also touches on topics such as werewolves and vampires.
This book is believed to be one of the main sources used by William Shakespeare in the production of "Macbeth".
Shade-loving plants
List of Korean family names
This is a list of Korean family names, in Hangul alphabetical order. Note: (S) means South Korea. (N) means North Korea.
The most common of these names is Kim, followed by Lee and Park. These three family names are held by around half of the ethnic Korean population. , 286 Korean family names were in use.
Edith González
Edith González Fuentes (10 December 1964 – 13 June 2019) was a Mexican actress and dancer. She started her career as a child actress. She went on to appear in nearly 40 telenovelas, including "Sí, mi amor", "Bianca Vidal" and "Doña Bárbara". She also starred in 18 movies. Her final acting role was in the telenovela "3 familias" in 2018.
González was born in Monterrey, Nuevo León. She married Lorenzo Lazo Margáin in 2010. She had a daughter, born in 2004, fathered by Santiago Creel.
In 2016, González was diagnosed with stage IV ovarian cancer. She died of the disease on 13 June 2019 in Mexico City. She was 54.
Australians for Constitutional Monarchy
Australians for Constitutional Monarchy (ACM) is a group that aims to maintain Australia's current constitutional monarchy, with Elizabeth II as Queen of Australia. The group states that it is a non-partisan, not-for-profit organisation whose role is "To preserve, to protect and to defend our heritage: the Australian constitutional system, the role of the Crown in it and our Flag".
Wilhelm Wieben
Wilhelm Wieben (2 June 1935 – 13 June 2019) was a German journalist, actor and author. He is known for presenting "Tagesschau" between 1973 and 1998, the most watched daily television news program in Germany. He also worked as a journalist for Radio Bremen. He also wrote books in Low German. Wieben appeared in the Falco song "Jeanny" reading a news broadcast.
Wieben was born in Hennstedt, Dithmarschen. He came out as gay in a 1995 interview. He died in Hamburg on 13 June 2019, at the age of 84.
Istanbul University
Istanbul University () is a Turkish university in Istanbul.
The main campus is close to Beyazıt Square in Fatih, the capital district of the province, on the European side of the city.
Gars (or garpike) are a type of ray-finned fish. Gars have long bodies that are heavily armored with scales, and fronted by similarly long jaws filled with long, sharp teeth. All of the gars are relatively large fish. The alligator gar is the largest. Some specimens have been reported to be in length. However, they typically grow to and weigh over . Unusually, their swim bladders can function as lungs. Most gars surface once in while to take a gulp of air. Gar flesh is edible and the hard skin and scales of gars are used by humans. However, their eggs are highly toxic.
Igor Solopov
Igor Solopov (17 April 1961 – 12 June 2019) was an Estonian table tennis player. He was born in Magnitogorsk, Russian SFSR. He competed for Estonia in the men's singles event at the 1992 Summer Olympics. Solopov competed at seven World Table Tennis Championships. He also won a bronze medal with the Soviet men's team at the 1978 European Table Tennis Championships.
Solopov's death on 12 June 2019 was announced by the Table Tennis Federation of Russia. He was 58.
Exodusters
Exodusters were a name given to African Americans who moved from states that were along the Mississippi River to Kansas. This happened in the late 1800s. It was called the Exoduster movement or the Exodus of 1879. It was the first migration of black people after the American Civil War. About 40,000 black people moved from the south to Kansas, Oklahoma, and Colorado.
Black people moved from the south because they were treated very bad. They were running away from groups like the Ku Klux Klan and the White League, and they were running away from black codes and Jim Crow laws. They were treated like second-class citizens. This was during Reconstruction.
Lover (Taylor Swift album)
Lover is the seventh studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. It is set to be released on August 23, 2019, by Republic Records and Taylor Swift Productions. The first single, "Me!", was released on April 26, 2019. Swift revealed the album's name and release date via Instagram on June 13, 2019. She also announced the second single "You Need to Calm Down", released June 14, 2019. The first promotional single "The Archer", released on July 23, 2019, followed by the title track ("Lover") on August 16.
History of Kansas
The first people who lived in Kansas were Native Americans who were nomadic (people who don't live in one place for very long). They hunted American bison. In the 1500s, Spanish conquistadores came to explore the place. Later, French fur trappers came to the area. They traded with the Native Americans. The United States added most of Kansas in the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. In 1854, the Kansas-Nebraska Act opened the place for Americans to move there. A lot of fighting happened because the new residents had to decide if they wanted slavery. The new residents decided to make slavery illegal. The fighting helped start the American Civil War.
After the Civil War, Kansas had many frontier towns. The railroads were stops for cattle drives from Texas. Many black people moved from the south to Kansas. These people were called "exodusters". Farmers tried growing corn and raising pigs, but there was little rain, so they were not able to. They started growing wheat. They became very good at growing wheat, and they had enough to trade with Europe. Many angry farmers joined the Populist and Progressive movement in the 1890s, and they supported it until the 1940s. Since the 1940s, Kansas has been a very conservative state. Since 1945, the number of farmers has lowered, and manufacturing has become more popular.
In 12000 BCE, the first people came to Kansas. These people were paleolithic people who were related to Asians. Once they came, they never left. They saw mammoths, camels, ground sloths, and horses. They hunted these animals until they were extinct.
Because the big game they had been hunting died out, the people had started eating more plants and small animals. They foraged during the season across the plains. In order to get more food, they started being less nomadic. This means that they decided to stay in one place for a longer time. The groups did not stop hunting, but they also ate wild plants and small animals. Their tools became different. Their tools started being able to grind and chop. This means that seeds, fruits, and plants became a bigger part of their diet. They would grind seeds into rough flour. Around 3500BCE, the people started making ceramics. Pottery-making societies started.
For most of the Archaic period, people did not change the land in any big way. The groups outside the area, particularly in Mesoamerica, started major inventions. These inventions would include growing maize. Other groups in North America aslo started growing maize as well. Some archaic groups stopped being food gatherers (people who look for food). Instead, they started being food producers (people who grow food) around 3,000 years ago. They also had many of the cultural things that are seen with semi-sedentary agricultural life: storage containers, permanent housing, bigger settlements, and cemeteries or burial grounds. People in the northern part of Kansas lived in small buildings made out of dirt; they were shaped like a rectangle. People in the southern part of Kansas lived in houses with thatched grass all over them. There were more people being born, and they lived in villages. El Quartelejo was an Indian pueblo that was the farthest north. This settlement is the only pueblo in Kansas from which archaeologists have found anything.
Even though the groups started farming, they still did not do much to change their environment. Wild food was still an important part of their diet even after the invention of pottery and the creation of irrigation. Agriculture never made them stop hunting and foraging, even in the biggest Archaic societies.
In 1541, Francisco Vázquez de Coronado came to Kansas to explore. He turned around near Lindsborg, Kansas. He met some of the local Native Americans. He gave them horses. The Native Americans started changing their lifestyle because of the horses.
In the 1600s, the Kansa people and the Osage Nation came to Kansas. The Kansa people lived near the Kansas River, and the Osage Nation lived near the Arkansas River. The Pawnee people lived in western Kansas. The Pawnee lived in western Kansas because there were a lot of bison. The French commander at Fort Orleans, Étienne de Bourgmont, visited the Kansas River in 1724. He built a trading post there. This was near the main Kansa village at the mouth of the river. Around the same time, the Otoe tribe of the Sioux also lived in areas around the northeast corner of Kansas.
Other than short explorations, neither France nor Spain created any cities in Kansas. In 1763, Spain got all of the French land west of the Mississippi River. This was because France lost the Seven Years' War. Spain gave this land back to France in 1803.
In 1803, Kansas was added to the United States as land from the Louisiana Purchase. The Lewis and Clark Expedition started in St. Louis. In 1804, they came to Kansas in what is today Kansas City, Kansas. They met French fur trappers who knew the land well. In 1806, explorer Zebulon Pike came to Kansas. He called it the "Great American Desert" because it had no trees or plants. The U.S. government saw Kansas as a desert too, so they sent Native Americans to it. They believed it was not good land, so they didn't care if Native Americans were sent there.
From June 4, 1812 until August 10, 1821, the land was part of the Missouri Territory. Missouri became a state, so the land became unorganized. It had no people living in it except for Fort Leavenworth. The Fort was created in 1827 by Henry Leavenworth with the 3rd U.S Infantry from St. Louis, Missouri; it is the first permanent European settlement in Kansas. The fort was created as the westernmost outpost of the American military. It was created to protect trade along the Santa Fe Trail from Native Americans. The trade came from the East. It came either by land using the Boone's Lick Road, or by water using the Missouri River.
Part of the Santa Fe Trail went through Kansas. It was used by people who were on the Oregon Trail.
In the 1820s, the U.S. government gave the land to the Native Americans as Indian Territory. They did not let white people come to the territory. On June 3, 1825, the U.S. government took 20 million acres of land (81000 km²) from the Kansa people. The Kansa people had to stay on a small amount of land in northeastern Kansas. The U.S. government also made the Osage Nation live in a small amount of land in southeastern Kansas.
By a treaty on November 7, 1825, the Shawnee people were moved to Kansas. By a treaty on September 29, 1829, the Delaware people were moved to Kansas.
The Indian Removal Act made this faster. By a treaty on August 30, 1831, the Ottawa people were moved to a small part of Kansas. On October 24, 1832, the Kickapoo people were moved to Kansas. On October 29, 1832, the Piankeshaw and Wea people were moved to Kansas. To their east was the western border of Missouri, and to their west was the Kaskaskia and Peoria people. On September 21, 1833, the Otoe people were moved to Kansas.
By September 17, 1836, the Sac and Fox people moved to Kansas, north of the Kickapoo. By a treaty on February 11, 1837, the United States moved the Pottawatomi people to Kansas. They were moved to the Osage River, which is southwest of the Missouri River. The land was in the southwest part of what is now Miami County.
After a treaty in 1842, the Wyandot people were moved to an area between the Kansas River and the Missouri River. They shared the land with the Delaware people until 1843.
Even though there were plans made to settle Native Americans in Kansas, by 1850 white Americans were illegally squatting on their land. They really wanted the entire area to be opened for settlement. Several U.S. Army forts, including Fort Riley, were soon created deep in Indian Territory to guard travelers on the various Western trails.
Although the Cheyenne and Arapahoes tribes were still discussing with the United States for land in western Kansas (the current state of Colorado), they signed a treaty on September 17, 1851. Momentum was already building to settle the land.
Congress started the process of creating Kansas Territory in 1852. That year, petitions were given at the first session of the 32nd Congress to organize territory of the land west of Missouri and Iowa. Nothing happened at that time. However, during the next session, on December 13, 1852, a Representative from Missouri submitted to the House of Representatives a bill. This bill would organize the Territory of Platte: all the land west of Iowa and Missouri, and going west to the Rocky Mountains. The bill was given to the United States House Committee on Territories. It passed by the full U.S. House of Representatives on February 10, 1853. However, Southern Senators stopped the progress of the bill in the Senate. They did this to discuss how the bill would affect slavery and the Missouri Compromise. Arguments about the bill and other ideas would continue for a year. The Kansas–Nebraska Act was eventually created because of this. It became law on May 30, 1854, creating the Nebraska Territory and Kansas Territory.
By the summer of 1853, it was clear that eastern Kansas would soon be opened to American settlers. The Commissioner of the Bureau of Indian Affairs created new treaties that would give new reservations with yearly federal money for the Native Americans.
In the three months before the bill passed, treaties were written at Washington with the Delaware, Otoe, Kickapoo, Kaskaskia, Shawnee, Sac, Fox and other tribes, where the biggest part of eastern Kansas, which was within one or two hundred miles of the Missouri border, was suddenly opened to white settlement. The Kansa reservation had already been made smaller by treaty in 1846.) On March 15, 1854, Otoe and Missouri Indians gave all their lands west of the Mississippi, except a small strip on the Big Blue River, to the United States. On May 6 and May 10, 1854, the Shawnees gave away , keeping only for homes. Also on May 6, 1854, the Delaware gave all their lands to the United States, except a reservation defined in the treaty. On May 17, the Iowa gave away their lands, keeping only a small reservation. On May 18, 1854, the Kickapoo also gave away their lands, except in the western part of the Territory. In 1854 lands were also given by the Kaskaskia, Peoria, Piankeshaw and Wea and by the Sac and Fox.
The final step in making the Natives more American was taking land from tribes and giving it to Native households. This was so they could buy and sell as European Americans would. For example, in 1854, the Chippewa (Swan Creek and Black River bands) lived of land in Franklin County, but in 1859 the area was given to individual Chippewa families.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act passed on May 30, 1854, and it created the Kansas Territory. It went from the western border of Missouri to the Rocky Mountains. The southern border was the 37th parallel north, and the northern border was the 40th parallel north. Anything north of the 40th parallel was part of the Nebraska Territory. When Congress set the southern border of the Kansas Territory as the 37th parallel, they thought that the Osage southern border was also the 37th parallel. The Cherokees disagreed. They said that it was not the correct border. They said that the border of Kansas should be moved north to make room for the actual border of the Cherokee land. This became known as the Cherokee Strip controversy.
In the Kansas-Nebraska Act, it said that people living in the territories could vote on whether or not to have slavery. It undid the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which did not allow slavery in any new states created north of latitude 36°30'. This led to violence between people from the North and people from the South. They both tried to quickly move to Kansas to control it.
In a few days after the law passed, hundreds of people from Missouri moved to Kansas. These people wanted slavery. They created a group called the "Squatter's Claim Association" on June 10, 1854. They said that they were going to make Kansas a slave state.
The New England Emigrant Aid Company said they were going to make Kansas a free state. From 1854 to 1855, they sent many anti-slavery people (called "free-staters") to Kansas. They were important in creating Lawrence, Topeka, and Manhattan. Other anti-slavery people came from Ohio, Iowa, Illinois, and other states.