AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Vasoconstriction occurs when blood vessels become narrower because of the tightening of the muscles in their walls. Its opposite is vasodilation, which is when blood vessels widen. For example, when you are cold, blood vessels near the skin vasoconstrict so that you don't lose too much heat from your blood.
When blood vessels vasoconstrict, this increases blood pressure. Sometimes, blood pressure is too high and this can cause heart disease, so people have to take medicine to make the muscles in the blood vessels relax.
Jeannette Littlemore
Jeannette Littlemore studies applied linguistics in the English Language department at the University of Birmingham. She earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in European Studies at the University of Bradford in 1989, Master of Arts in Applied Linguistics and English Language Teaching at the University of East Anglia in 1993, and PhD in English Language Teaching at Thames Valley University in 1998. She has taught in Spain, Japan, Belgium, and the UK. One of her research interests is the use of metaphor and gestures.
A Boy Named Sue
"A Boy Named Sue" is a song written by Shel Silverstein. It was first made popular by Johnny Cash. Cash was at the height of his popularity when he recorded the song live at California's San Quentin State Prison at a concert on February 24, 1969. The concert was taped by Granada Television. It was later shown as a television program. Carl Perkins played guitar during the performance.
The sound recording of the concert was later released on Cash's "At San Quentin" album by Columbia Records. Cash also sang the song as a comedy performance in December 1969 at Madison Square Garden.
The song became Cash's biggest hit on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart. It was his only top ten single there, spending three weeks at No. 2 in 1969. The track also topped the Billboard Hot Country Songs and Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks charts that same year. It was certified Gold on August 14, 1969, by the RIAA.
Shel Silverstein's recording was released the same year as "Boy Named Sue". It was a single on his album "Boy Named Sue (and His Other Country Songs)". It was produced by Chet Atkins and Felton Jarvis.
The story of the song was inspired by the writer Jean Shepherd, a close friend of Shel Silverstein. He was often made fun of as a child because of his feminine-sounding name.
In his autobiography, Cash wrote that he had just been given the song and only read it a couple of times. It was included in that concert just to try it out. He did not know the words when he first sang it. On the video recording, he can be seen regularly looking at a piece of paper. Cash was surprised at how well the song went over with the audience.
Let It Be (song)
"Let It Be" is a song by The Beatles, released in March 1970 as a single, and (in an alternate mix) as the title track of their album "Let It Be".
It was written by Paul McCartney and John Lennon. It was their final single before McCartney announced his departure from the band (by that time, Lennon had already left).
Both the "Let It Be" album and the US single "The Long and Winding Road" were released after McCartney's announced departure from and subsequent break-up of the group.
"Let It Be" holds the number-one spot on "The Fans' Top 10" poll included in "The 100 Best Beatles Songs: An Informed Fan's Guide" by Stephen J. Spignesi and Michael Lewis. The song is number three in the 100 Best Beatles Songs list, only behind "Strawberry Fields Forever" and "A Day in the Life", which is number one.
Escape from New York is a 1981 American science fiction movie. It was released on July 10, 1981. It was directed by John Carpenter and written by Nick Castle. The film's total budget was estimated to be US$6 million.
It stars Kurt Russell.
The cast includes Donald Pleasence (as the President of the United States), Isaac Hayes, Adrienne Barbeau, Harry Dean Stanton, Lee Van Cleef, Ernest Borgnine, Tom Atkins, Charles Cyphers, Ox Baker, and Jamie Lee Curtis as introduction narrator (uncredited).
A following movie was released called, "Escape from L.A.".
Escape from L.A.
Escape from L.A. is a 1996 American science fiction movie directed by John Carpenter. It stars Kurt Russell, Cliff Robertson, Steve Buscemi, Peter Fonda, Stacy Keach, Bruce Campbell, and Pam Grier. Robertson replaced Donald Pleasence as President due to his death in 1995. It was sequel for "Escape from New York". It was released on August 9, 1996.
The Thing (1982 movie)
The Thing (also known as John Carpenter's The Thing) is a 1982 American science fiction horror movie directed by John Carpenter. It stars Kurt Russell, Wilford Brimley, Richard Dysart, Richard Masur and Donald Moffat. The film's title refers to the main antagonist: a parasitic extraterrestrial lifeform that violently assimilates other organisms and in turn changes into their shape. The Thing enters an Antarctic research station, taking the appearance of the researchers that it absorbs, and paranoia develops within the group. It was released on June 25, 1982.
Poseidon (movie)
Air Force One (movie)
Air Force One is a 1997 American action-thriller movie written by Andrew W. Marlowe and directed by Wolfgang Petersen. It is about a group of Russian terrorists hijacking Air Force One. It stars Harrison Ford, Gary Oldman, Glenn Close, Xander Berkeley, Jürgen Prochnow, William H. Macy, Dean Stockwell, Wendy Crewson, Philip Baker Hall and Paul Guilfoyle. The President of the United States and Bill Clinton praised it. The movie was composed by Jerry Goldsmith. It was released on July 25, 1997. It received positive reviews from critics. It currently has a 78% on rotten tomatoes and has a score of 61 out of 100.
Triangular trade
The triangular trade refers to trade between three ports or regions. Triangular trade usually develops when a region is exporting resources that are not needed in the region from which its main imports come. Instead, the resources are exported to a third region. The routes involved were historically also shaped by the winds and currents during the age of sailing ships.
The best-known triangular trading systems were across the Atlantic Ocean, especially the Atlantic slave trade, which lasted from the late 16th to early 19th centuries. During this time, European countries such as Britain, Spain and France had colonies in the Americas and Africa. The ships carrying slaves, crops and manufactured goods between West Africa, the Caribbean and American colonies and the colonial powers in Europe. The use of African slaves was very important to growing colonial cash crops, which were exported to Europe. European goods, in turn, were used to buy African slaves, which were then brought west from Africa to the Americas to work on the crops. The middle passage of the triangular trade refers to the transportation of the slaves to America.
The Atlantic economy was tied into the idea of mercantilism, which thought it was a good idea for European countries to have a lot of colonies that traded only with them. Goods that were traded in the Atlantic economy were rum, slaves, sugar, tobacco, gold, spices, fish, lumber and manufactured goods. Triangular trading became less common in the 20th century due to free trade and ships specialized for particular cargoes.
Waistline (clothing)
The waistline is the part of a piece of clothing that sits on the wearer's waist. The actual position of the waitline can be different depending on the fashion or how the person chooses to wear the garment, but it is normally just above the hips.
Waistlines can be secured with a variety of methods, such as buttons, knots and zippers. A waistband is a strip of elastic rubber that adjusts to keep the item tight against the body.
Waistline
Waistline can mean several things:
Heliocentrism
Heliocentrism is the idea that the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun, which is the center of the solar system. Many people proposed heliocentrism, such as Aristarchus of Samos from ancient Greece, but Nicolaus Copernicus was the first to think of good reasons why it is true. This was the beginning of modern astronomy.
Before Copernicus, most people thought that the Sun and the other planets revolved around the Earth (this was called geocentrism). This is because if you stand on Earth, it looks like the Sun and stars are moving across the sky. However, when people watched for many years they saw many things that did not make sense if the Earth was the center of the Solar system. For example, sometimes the planets seemed to move back and forth instead of moving around the Earth. Copernicus explained why these things happen in 1543, when he published the book "De revolutionibus orbium coelestium" ("On the revolutions of the heavenly spheres"). This gave his reasons for thinking the Sun was at the center instead.
Other astronomers who made further advances after Copernicus were Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei. For example, Kepler showed that the planets do not orbit in perfect circles, and Galileo built very good telescopes that helped to confirm the heliocentric model.
Copernicus also thought that the sun was the center of the universe, but we now know that this is incorrect. The Sun is part of the Milky Way galaxy which is one out of billions of galaxies.
Trance describes a state of mind. A trance is when a person is conscious, and not sleeping, but is unaware of what is happening around him or her.
The term "trance" is associated with hypnosis, meditation, magic, flow, religion, and certain kinds of music. It is an "altered state of consciousness".
There are many efforts to define what a trance is. Some think it is a borderland between normal consciousness and spirituality
The most straightforward example is when a person is hypnotized, they are in a trance. Conscious, and responding to the hypnotist, the person seems to block out other thoughts and other information.
Another common example is the day-dream, where a person's mind drifts across private thoughts. Everyone daydreams, but young children constantly daydream, and have vivid imaginary fantasies. This is entirely normal. In the language of psychology, this kind of temporary separation from one's surroundings is called "dissociation". Research shows that a lot is going on when we daydream.
There are many examples of trance in religion. African animistic religions, such as that of the Yoruba, feature dances in celebration of the spirits. Under the influence of rhythm and song, a group dances, often for hours at a time. During this time, various members of the group may fall into trances, and some may act as if possessed by one of the spirits being worshiped. States of "spiritual ecstasy" are known in most forms of Christian worship. It is a main part of those aspects of religion known as "mysticism".
The Spitzer Space Telescope is a telescope launched into space by NASA in 2003. It is the fourth telescope in the Great Observatories program (the Hubble Space Telescope was the first). The Hubble Space Telescope takes pictures of visible light, and the Spitzer Space Telescope takes pictures of infrared light. Unlike Hubble, Spitzer orbits the Sun instead of the Earth.
The Spitzer Space Telescope is named after the scientist Lyman Spitzer. It was planned to last for 2.5 years, but it actually lasted until 2009 when it exhausted its supply of coolant. Some parts of the telescope can work even when they are warm, and are still working.
The Spitzer Space Telescope was able to see very good detail. Spitzer was the first telescope that could see light from extrasolar planets (planets outside the Solar System.) It was also able to see some of the first stars in the universe, believed to be only 100 million years after the Big Bang.
Age of the universe
In cosmology, the age of the universe is the amount of time since the Big Bang. The best measurement of the age of the Universe is 13.8 billion years (specifically, 13.798±0.037 billion years). The most recent and most accurate measurements were made by the Planck spacecraft. These measurements were made using the cosmic microwave background radiation and the expansion of the Universe.
In the 1800s, evidence from geology showed that the Earth was at least millions of years old. Later, it was thought that the universe was unchanging. However, in the 1920s, Georges Lemaître and Edwin Hubble determined that the universe was expanding (see Hubble's law). Although the estimates made using the initial data were low, radioactive dating on Earth could be used to give measurements of 11–20 billion years to 13–15 billion years. Eventually, scientists were able to make much better measurements using spacecraft.
Nominative case
In grammar, the nominative case is the grammatical case used when talking about the subject of the sentence. For example, "the boy kissed the girl."
The boy is the subject, so the nominative case is used.
Genitive case
NuSTAR
NuSTAR is a telescope launched into space by NASA in 2012. It is the eleventh satellite in the "Small Explorer" program. Telescopes in space can see much better than on Earth, because the telescopes on Earth need to look through the atmosphere.
NuSTAR measures high-energy X-rays, which have a much higher frequency than visible light. It uses special optical devices to do this, so it works differently from a normal telescope. This type of telescope is called a Wolter telescope.
NuSTAR is searching for black holes. It is also looking at supernovae to help understand how the chemical elements are created. One of the first discoveries made by NuSTAR, along with another space telescope called XMM-Newton, was to measure the spin rate of a supermassive black hole for the first time.
Malahide
Carmelo Flores Laura
Carmelo Flores Laura (likely born July 16, 1906 – June 9, 2014) was a centenarian from Bolivia, who some believed to be born in 1890. That would have made him the person living to be the oldest ever known. However, other documents was found, that indicated he was actually born in 1906. Flores himself only said that he was about 100 years or more, which in that case was correct.
Laura was born on July 16, 1906 in Bolivia.
Carmelo Flores Laura worked for the rancher who owned Frasquia, a rural area of Bolivia near Lake Titicaca, until 1952. At that time, the government seized the land and redistributed it to peasants such as Flores. He has lived there since, never traveling father than La Paz, from his home.
Flores had three children, one of which is alive as of 2013 (Cecilio, aged 67). He has 40 grandchildren and 19 great-grandchildren. His wife died in the 2000s.
The Bolivian government was said to be planning to officially honor Flores as "a living heritage" of the Bolivian people.
A police ID card and entry in the civil registry stating Flores was born on July 16, 1890 were shown to reporters. The longest fully documented lifespan in history is 122 years and 164 days, achieved by France's Jeanne Calment.
Flores himself only said "I should be about 100 years old or more," when asked about his age. The Gerontology Research Group found a baptismal certificate that indicated Flores was actually 107 years rather than 123.
Laura died in an Andean village in Bolivia, aged 107.
John Barry Prendergast, OBE (3 November 1933 – 30 January 2011) was an English composer and conductor of movie music.
He composed the soundtracks for 11 of the "James Bond" movies between 1963 and 1987, and also arranged and performed the "James Bond Theme" to the first movie in the series, 1962's "Dr. No". He wrote the scores to the award winning films "Midnight Cowboy", "Dances with Wolves" and "Out of Africa", in a career spanning over 50 years. In 1999 he was appointed OBE for services to music.
Barry was born on 3 November 1933 in York, Yorkshire, England. He studied at St Peter's School, York.
Barry was married four times. His first three marriages, to Barbara Pickard (1959–63), Jane Birkin (1965–68), and Jane Sidey (1969–78) all ended in divorce. He was married to Laurie from 1978 until his death. The couple had a son, Jonpatrick. Barry had three daughters, Suzanne (Susie) with his first wife, Barbara, Kate with his second wife, Jane, and Sian from a relationship with Ulla Larson between the first two marriages.
Barry died of a heart attack on 30 January 2011 at his Oyster Bay home, aged 77. He is survived by Laurie, his wife of 33 years, and by his four children and five grandchildren.
Olinguito
The Olinguito ("Bassaricyon neblina"), is a newly identified mammal of genus "Bassaricyon". It is part of the Procyonidae family which also include raccoons.
Its discovery was announced on 15 August 2013 by the curator of mammals at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. The curator discovered specimens of the species in storage at the Field Museum of Natural History and used DNA testing to confirm a new species.
Specimens of the species have been identified from the cloud forest stretching from central Colombia to western Ecuador. Four subspecies of the olinguito have been described.
The animal is mainly a frugivore, as well as solitary and nocturnal. It produces a single offspring at a time.
Jericho is a very old city in the West Bank. It is mentioned in the Book of Joshua. In 2007 18,346 people lived there.
Marvin Kaplan
Marvin Kaplan (January 24, 1927 – August 25, 2016) is an American actor. He is known for providing the voice of Choo-Choo in "Top Cat". He is also known for appearing in the comedy movie "It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World" (1963) and "The Great Race."
Kaplan was born on January 24, 1927 in Brooklyn, New York. His career began in 1949. He was married to Rosa Felsenberg from 1973 until they divorced in 1976.
He died on August 25, 2016 in Burbank, California of heart failure, aged 89.
Lisa Robin Kelly
Lisa Robin Kelly (March 5, 1970 – August 15, 2013) was an American actress who acted mostly on television. She played Laurie Forman in the sitcom "That '70s Show". She also acted in other sitcoms for TV. Kelly was raised in Connecticut. She died in Altadena, Los Angeles County on August 15, 2013 from a drug-overdose, aged 43.
Earl Cameron
Earl Cameron, CBE (8 August 1917 – 3 July 2020) was a Bermudian actor. Along with Cy Grant, he was known as one of the first black actors to break the "colour bar" in the United Kingdom. He also had repeated appearances on many British science fiction programmes of the 1960s, including "Doctor Who", "The Prisoner" and "The Andromeda Breakthrough".
Cameron was born on 8 August 1917 in Pembroke, Bermuda. He was married to Audrey Cameron until her death in 1994. Then he was married to Barbara Cameron from 1994 to 2020. He had six children with Audrey.
Cameron died on 3 July 2020 in London from pneumonia, aged 102.
Earl Stevick
Earl Stevick (23 October 23, 1923 - 13 August 2013) was an expert in language learning and teaching. Stevick was influential in developing the communicative approach to language learning. He was a practicing Christian and this greatly influenced his approach to education.
He studied government at Harvard University, earned a Master of Arts in Teaching English as a Foreign Language at Columbia University, and a PhD in linguistics at Cornell University. After he received his PhD, Stevick began teaching at Scarritt College for Christian Workers in Nashville, Tennessee. He applied for and received a Ford Fellowship and went to teach in Angola, Belgian Congo and Southern Rhodesia for two years. He then worked for the U.S. State Department’s Foreign Service Institute, creating courses to learn local African languages.
Stevick was one of a small group of language educators who created the Master of Arts in Teaching degree at the SIT Graduate Institute in 1969. It was called School for International Training at that time. He continued to help with that program as a member of the advisory board.
Stevick met Betty Rae Culp in 1947. They married in 1948. Some of Stevick's family members are still alive, including: a brother, Bob Stevick, of Seattle, Washington; three children, Becky Clarke of Lexington, Marian Walton of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and Joel Stevick of Rockville, Maryland; eight grandchildren and six great-grandchildren.
Bipolar junction transistor
A bipolar junction transistor (BJT or bipolar transistor) is a type of transistor that relies on the contact of two types of semiconductor in order for it to work. BJTs can be used as amplifiers, switches, or in oscillators. BJTs can be found either on their own, or in large numbers as parts of integrated circuits.
They are named "bipolar" transistors because their operation involves both electrons and holes.
The current gained is measured in h, Forward Current Gain. Typical amount can be between 200-350.
Death anniversary
Head teacher
A head teacher (also called a school principal, or headmaster/headmistress) is the teacher in charge of a school. He or she is the school's leader and administrator.
In the past, the headmaster or headmistress of a British private school was often the owner of the school or a member of the family who owned it, and the position often remained in the family for many generations.
Boinpalle
Boinpalle or Boinpalli is a village and a mandal in India. It is in Karimnagar district in the state of Andhra Pradesh. It is 28 kilometres from the district capital.
Drought is common in this area. Many people from this area migrate to Gulf countries to find jobs as unskilled labourers. Agriculture is the primary industry in this area. Main crops are cotton and maize. Rice is the secondary crop.
The mandal of Boinpalle has 18 village panchayats.
Computer assisted language learning
Greatest hits might mean:
Specific albums:
Darwin's finches
Darwin's finches, also known as the Galapagos finches, are a group of birds that live on the Galápagos Islands. They are not actually finches, but they are a kind of passerine bird.
Charles Darwin used the finches to provide evidence for natural selection. He realized that the finches have different beaks because they are adapted to eat different kinds of food. For example, a finch with a big beak is very good at cracking open nuts, and a finch with a long beak is very good at catching insects. Darwin was able to see that the finches had a common ancestor which is why they were so similar except for their beaks. Eventually, this led to the theory of evolution.
York, Pennsylvania
York (nicknamed The White Rose City) is a city in south-central Pennsylvania. The city was established in 1741, and officially incorporated to city status in 1887. In the 2010 Census, there were nearly 43,800 people living there.
York (disambiguation)
York is a city in England. It might also mean:
Birmingham (disambiguation)
Birmingham is a city in the West Midlands, England. It might also mean:
Cambridge (disambiguation)
Cambridge is a city in England. It might also mean:
Wilson's theorem
Wilson's theorem is a theorem of number theory. Let "n" be any natural number. Wilson's theorem says that "n" is a prime number if and only if:
This means that if "n" is a prime number, the equation is correct. Also, if the equation is correct, then "n" is a prime number. The equation says that the factorial of "(n - 1)" is one less than a multiple of "n".
Dolby Surround 7.1
Chatham
Chatham might refer to:
Bristol (disambiguation)
Bristol is a city in England. It might also mean:
List of Kojak episodes
This is a list of episodes of the television series "Kojak".
There have been six seasons of "Kojak". The first five seasons (Pilot + 118 episodes) were shown on the channel CBS from 1973 to 1978. The Pilot of the series was "The Marcus-Nelson Murders", which was aired on March 8, 1973. The fifth season was the last season in the series' original run. Then, in the mid-1980s, CBS aired two TV-movies: "The Belarus File" and "The Price of Justice". The series was revived (brought back) in 1989, with a sixth season. In this season, Kojak had the rank of captain. The sixth season is the final season. It consisted of 5 episodes; it was shown on ABC. The last episode was shown on April 7, 1990.
Lt. Theo Kojak is the main character of the series. He is played by Telly Savalas in every episode.
"The Marcus-Nelson Murders" / Original air date: March 8, 1973
A true story about the double murder of two white girls in New York City (The Wylie-Hoffert Career Girl Murders, 1963). Police arrest a black male, unjustly accusing him of being the murderer, but Kojak tries to show that the suspect was innocent of the crime. The episode is directed by Joseph Sargent.
1973–74
1974–75
1975–76
1976–77
1977–78
1985–87
1989–90
The Top 100 Crime Novels of All Time
The Top 100 Crime Novels of All Time is a list published in 1990 by the Crime Writers' Association (CWA).
Five years later, the Mystery Writers of America (MWA) published a similar list named The Top 100 Mystery Novels of All Time. Many titles can be found in both lists.
Penn's Creek Massacre
The Penn's Creek Massacre was a massacre committed by Delaware Indians on 16 October 1755. It happened near what is present day Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania. Made bold by Braddock's defeat on July 9, Indians killed and pillaged along the Pennsylvania frontier. Fourteen settlers were killed at Penn's Creek. Eleven were taken captive. One was wounded, but escaped. A posse sent to investigate was attacked, and both posse members and Indians were killed. Some of those taken captive in the Penn's Creek Massacre eventually returned to civilization alive.
African art
Showaddywaddy
Dependent personality disorder
Fugue state
Marmaduke (movie)
Rachel Boston
Pico do Fogo
Pico do Fogo ("Fire peak") is the highest peak of Cape Verde, rising to above sea level. It is an active stratovolcano lying on the island of Fogo. The last eruption of the main volcanic cone was in 1675 and all the people living in the island had to leave.
A lateral vent (the opening of a volcano from which lava flows) erupted in 1995. The only deadly eruption was in 1847 when earthquakes produced in all the island claimed several lives. Volcanic lava has reached the eastern coast of the island in historical times.
Its most spectacular feature is a volcanic crater (or caldera, "caldeira" in Portuguese) that is about wide, with a border ("bordeira" in Portuguese) that is about high. The crater has a slit in its eastern wall, and a large peak like a volcanic cone rises in its center that. The central cone is the highest point of the island (2829 m) and its peak is about 100 m higher than the "bordeira" that surrounds the crater.
The lowest elevation of the floor of the "caldeira", known as "Chã das Caldeiras" ("Plain of the Calderas") is . There are, within the "caldeira", two villages which were evacuated during the last eruption. Traditionally, grapes are grown on the inner slopes of the "bordeira" and there is some subsistence agriculture on the "caldeira" floor.
The mountain's slopes are used to grow coffee, while its lava is used as building material.
The Fea's petrel ("Pterodroma feae"), a Near Threatened species of bird, breeds in this mountain.
The endemic plants "Echium vulcanorum" and "Erysimum caboverdeanum" are only known to occur on the outer rim of the volcano.
Smith Wigglesworth (8 June 1859 – 12 March 1947) was a English evangelist from Yorkshire. He was an important leader in early Pentecostalism. He was an illiterate plumber. He is said to have been used by God in healing people.
Demographics of Azerbaijan
The Demographics of Azerbaijan is about the demographics (statistical information and study of the population and the people) of the population of Azerbaijan, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the population, economic status, religious beliefs and other aspects of the population.
Notes about table
Azerbaijani 92.3%, Lezgi 2.2%, Russian 1.8%,
other 3.3%, no information given 1% (1999 census)
Heidelberg Catechism
Geoffrey II of Anjou
Geoffrey II, called Martel ("the Hammer"), was a French nobleman who was the Count of Anjou from 1040 to 1060. He was the last count who was a male line descendant of Ingelger. The countship passed through his sister Ermengarde-Blanche of Anjou to her son Geoffrey III.
Geoffrey was born 14 October 1006. He was the son of Fulk the Black and Hildegard of Lorraine. As the count of Vendome, Geoffrey married Agnes of Burgundy. About 1038 Geoffrey was asked by Herbert Braco to help him against Gervais, the Bishop of Le Mans. During the short war between them Geoffrey broke his hip. This caused Geoffrey to have to transfer some of his vassals to Bishop Gervais.
At his father's death in 1040 Geoffrey Martel succeeded him. Along with king Henry I of France Geoffrey maintained a war against the count Theobald of Blois. As the power of Blois was reduced the power of Anjou increased. But Geoffrey became too powerful and by the late 1040s the king turned against him.
About 1047 Geoffrey began to look to the north for more land. Geoffrey attacked the castle of Château-du-Loir owned by Bishop Gervais. He did not capture the castle but burned some of it. Geoffrey did capture Bishop Gervais who he threw in prison. The Council of Reims in 1049 ordered Geoffrey to release his captive bishop or they would excommunicate him. Even when the pope did excommunicate Geoffrey the following year he would not release the Bishop.
Geoffrey next acquired the castles of Alençon and Domfront on the southern border of Normandy. From there he raided into Normandy. In 1051 Duke William moved against Domfront but was not able to defeat the fortress. William then set up a siege of the castle to force it to surrender. This caused Geoffrey to leave Maine and return to Anjou.
In early 1052 a political shift occurred. King Henry I reconciled with Geoffrey Martel and about the same time he turned against Duke William of Normandy.
In the same year, 1052, when the count of Maine, Hugh, died Geoffrey took over Maine without a fight. He ruled Maine until his death. Bishop Gervaise finally purchased his freedom from Geoffrey by giving him Château-du-Loir and promising not to return to Le Mans. Gervais went to the court of Duke William of Normandy. Another event in 1052 in Normandy would bring King Henry and Count Geoffrey together against William of Normandy. William of Arques, a vassal and relative of Duke William rebelled. In 1053 the king, along with Geoffrey of Anjou entered Normandy to assist William of Arques against Duke William. The duke had laid siege to the castle of Arques. But the relief effort failed and King Henry and count Geoffrey were forced to leave Normandy. In 1054 the King, accompanied by Geoffrey Martel again raided into Normandy. The king's brother, Odo, led a second force which attacked Normandy from the west. Odo's forces were defeated causing the king and count Geoffrey to leave Normandy again.
In 1058 Geoffrey was visited by the king in Anjou. The two planned their next attacks on Normandy. In August of that year the two led a combined force into Normandy to pillage and burn what they could. At a crossing of the Dives River their force was caught by the rising tide. Geoffrey and the king were on the other side when the bulk of their army was attacked and defeated by Duke William. All Geoffrey and the king could do was leave Normandy as fast as they could. The king's death in the summer of 1060 and Geoffrey's death in November of that same year ended their wars.
Geoffrey II's first wife was Agnes of Burgundy, the widow of William V of Aquitaine; she and Geoffrey married in 1032, but had divorced by 1050.
His second wife was named Grace.
His third wife was Adèle, the daughter of a "Count Odo" of Blois.
His last wife was Adelaide "La Teutonne".
Geoffrey died childless.
Celestial Navigations
August Schellenberg
August Schellenberg (July 25, 1936 – August 15, 2013) was a Canadian-American actor. He is known for his role in "Free Willy" and in his Emmy Award-nominated for in "Bury My Heart in Wounded Knee".
Schellenberg was born on July 25, 1936 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He was of Mohawk and Swiss-German ancestry. He was raised in Toronto, Ontario. Schellenberg was married to Joan Karasevich until his death in 2013. They had three children. Schellenberg died on August 15, 2013 in his home in Dallas, Texas from lung cancer, aged 77.
Douglas Fairbanks, Jr.
Douglas Elton Fairbanks, Jr., KBE, DSC (December 9, 1909 – May 7, 2000) was an American actor. He was highly decorated naval officer of World War II. He was the son of legendary silent movie actor Douglas Fairbanks.
Fairbanks was born on December 9, 1909 in New York City, New York. His parents divorced when he was 9 years old. He was raised by his mother, Anna Beth Sully. Fairbanks was raised in New York City, Los Angeles, Paris, and London.
Some of his well-known movie include "Outward Bound" (1930), "The Dawn Patrol" (1930), "Little Caesar" (1931), "Prisoner of Zenda" (1937), and "Gunga Din" (1939). His movies began to have more commercial success.
In 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed him a special envoy to South America.
Fairbanks was married to Joan Crawford from 1929 until they divorced in 1933. Then he was married to Mary Lee Eppling from 1939 until her death in 1988. Then he was married to Vera Shelton from 1991 until his death in 2000. Fairbanks had three children.
Fairbanks died on May 7, 2000 from a heart attack in his home in New York City. He was 90 years old. Fairbanks was buried at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery in Hollywood, California.
Christopher Isherwood
Christopher William Bradshaw Isherwood (26 August 1904 – 4 January 1986) was a British-American novelist and playwright.
He also wrote plays such as "The Dog Beneath the Skin" (1935), "The Ascent of F6" (1936), "On the Frontier" (1939), "The Berlin Stories" (1945).
Isherwood was born on 26 August 1904 in Wyberslegh Hall, High Lane, Cheshire, England. He studied at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge and King's College London.
Isherwood was partners with Heinz Neddermeyer from 1932 until 1937. He was partners with Don Bachardy from 1953 until Isherwood's death in 1986.
Isherwood died on 4 January 1986 from prostate cancer in Santa Monica, California. He was 81 years old.
David Paul Scofield (21 January 1922 – 19 March 2008), better known as Paul Scofield, was an English actor. He was knownf for his distinctive voice and delivery.
Scofield received an Academy Award and a BAFTA Award for his performance as Sir Thomas More in the 1966 movie "A Man for All Seasons". He later reprised his role when he played in the stage version of the movie at the West End and on Broadway for which he received a Tony Award.
Scofield was born on 21 January 1922 in Birmingham, Warwickshire, England. He was raised in Hurstpierpoint, Sussex. Scofield studied at Varndean Secondary School.
He was married to Joy Parker from 1943 until his death 2008. They had two children. Scofield died on 19 March 2008 in Sussex, England from leukemia, aged 86.
Stanley Holloway
Stanley Augustus Holloway, OBE (1 October 1890 – 30 January 1982) was an English movie actor, comedian, singer, poet and monologist.
He was famous for his comic and character roles on stage and screen, especially that of Alfred P. Doolittle in "My Fair Lady". He was also known for his comic monologues and songs, which he performed and recorded in his 70-year career.
Holloway was born on 1 October 1890 in Manor Park, Essex, England.
He was married to Alice Foran from 1913 until they divorced in 1937. Then he was married to Violet Lane from 1939 until his death in 1982. He had five children.
Holloway died on 30 January 1982 in Littlehampton, England from an illness, aged 91.
Family International
Family International, which had been called The Children of God, The Family of Love and The Family, is a New Age religion, and a cult. It was started in the 1960s in California by David Brandt Berg (1919–1994).
The Children of God (1968–1977)
The Family of Love (1978–1981)
The Family (1982–1994)
Identified by Chinese government as a cult (1990s)
The Family International (2004 onwards)
Broadly, the Family are a Christian evangelical movement. However, their beliefs are selective. Their "spiritual revolution" is against the outside world, which the members called "the System". After the death of the founder, his widow Karen Zerby became the leader of TFI, taking the title of 'Queen' and 'prophetess.' She married Steve Kelly, an assistant of David Berg whom Berg had chosen as her 'consort' before his death. Steve Kelly took the title of 'King Peter' and became the public face of TFI, speaking in a more public capacity than either David Berg or Karen Zerby.
In 1974, the group began a method of evangelism called Flirty Fishing. This meant using sex to "show God's love" and win converts. The method was apparently exrtemely successful. According to TFI, as a result of Flirty Fishing, "over 100,000 received God's gift of salvation through Jesus, and some chose to live the life of a disciple and missionary".
The group encouraged children to have sex with adults and each other. The High Court of Justice, Family Division, in the UK found there to be "widespread sexual abuse of young children and teenagers by adult members of The Family". According to data provided by TFI to researcher Bill Bainbridge, from 1974 until 1987, members had sexual contact with 223,989 people while practicing Flirty Fishing. Flirty Fishing also resulted in the births of many children, including Karen Zerby's son, Davidito (aka Ricky Rodriguez). He committed suicide after murdering a female member of the cult who had sexually abused him as a toddler. Children born as result of Flirty Fishing were referred to as "Jesus Babies". By the end of 1981, more than 300 "Jesus Babies" had been born.
In his judgment of a child custody court case in England in 1994, after extensive research of COG publications and the testimony of numerous witnesses, Lord Justice Sir Alan Ward said this about Flirty Fishing:
Flirty Fishing was officially abandoned in 1987. After some complaints from people who had been abused as children by adults, a new rule, that sexual interactions should not occur between an adult and a minor, was encouraged and promoted, but not enforced.
In March 1989, TF issued a statement which stated that, in "early 1985" an urgent memorandum was sent to all of its members "reminding them that any such activities [adult-child sexual contact] are strictly forbidden within our group". In January 2005, Claire Borowik, spokesperson for TFI, issued a statement that said, "Due to the fact that our current zero-tolerance policy regarding sexual interaction between adults and underage minors was not clearly stated in our literature published before 1986, we came to the realization that during a transitional stage of our movement, from 1978 until 1986, there were cases when some minors were subject to sexually inappropriate advances... This was corrected officially in 1986, when any contact between an adult and minor (any person under 21 years of age) was declared an excommunicable offense".
Division of Berowra
The Division of Berowra is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. It was created in 1969 and is named for the suburb of Berowra. It includes all or parts of the suburbs of Arcadia, Berowra, Brooklyn, Cheltenham, Cherrybrook, Cowan, Dangar Island, Galston, Glenorie, Maroota, Hornsby and Pennant Hills.
Philip Ruddock, was first elected to the Parliament in 1973. He is the longest-serving member of the House; he was previously member for Parramatta and Dundas. He held a number of positions in the Howard Government including Minister for Immigration and Attorney-General. He retired at the 2016 election. Julian Leeser is a former lawyer who is currently writing the biography of former Australian Prime Minister, Sir William McMahon,
Division of Hotham
The Division of Hotham is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. It was created in 1969 and is named for Sir Charles Hotham, Governor of Victoria 1854-55. It covers an area of 72 km2 in the south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne. It includes Bentleigh East, Dingley Village, Moorabbin, and parts of Carnegie, Clarinda, Clayton, Clayton South, Cheltenham, Murrumbeena, Noble Park, Oakleigh, Oakleigh South, Springvale and Springvale South.
Don Chipp was Minister in the Holt and Gorton Governments. He became unhappy with the Liberal Party and formed a new party called the Australian Democrats. Simon Crean, was Opposition Leader from 2001 until December 2003 and was in every Labor Cabinet or Shadow Cabinet from June 1991 to March 2013.
American Swedish Institute
Geoffrey III, Count of Anjou
Geoffrey III of Anjou (1040–1096), called "le Barbu" ("the Bearded"), was a French nobleman who was the Count of Anjou 1060-68.
Geoffrey III, born , was the oldest son of Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais and Ermengarde-Blanche of Anjou. Ermengarde-Blanche was the daughter of Fulk III of Anjou. Both he and his younger brother Fulk, called "le Réchin", were raised at the court of their uncle, Geoffrey Martel. Both Geoffrey and Fulk were knighted by him in 1060. Geoffrey was well treated by his uncle but the count may have favored his younger nephew, Fulk. Nonetheless Geoffrey became his heir to succeed him as count of Anjou. Geoffrey III reigned as Count of Anjou until the was taken from him by his brother, Fulk.
He succeeded his uncle Geoffrey Martel in 1060, but it soon became clear to his vassals he was not a very good count. Geoffrey Martel left his younger brother, Fulk, Saintonge as an appanage. In 1062, when Saintonge was attacked by Count Guy-Geoffrey of Poitou, Geoffrey did nothing to help Fulk and Saintonge was lost. In 1063 the county of Maine was lost to Anjou as well. In 1064 Geoffrey failed to come to the aid of one of his vassals, Rainaldus of Chateau-Gontier, who was captured by the Bretons. In 1065 Geoffrey angered Archbishop Barthelemy of Tours by trying to force his own choice for Bishop of Le Mans on the church. In turn the archbishop excommunicated Geoffrey.
As the situation in Anjou became worse Fulk argued with his brother Geoffrey. Finally, in 1067, Fulk rebelled and took the county away from Geoffrey, briefly imprisoning him. In 1068 Geoffrey attacked Fulk, and once again he was defeated. This time Geoffrey was imprisoned where he remained for 28 years. Geoffrey was finally freed by the intervention of Pope Urban II in 1096. But Geoffrey died soon after his release.
Geoffrey married Julienne de Langeais before 1060. She died after 7 August 1067. They had no children.
Ermengarde-Blanche of Anjou
Ermengarde-Blanche of Anjou (–1076), was a French noblewoman who was first Countess of Chateau-Landon and secondly Duchess of Burgundy. She is also called "Hermangarde" in some sources. Ermengarde-Blanch was the heiress of the of Anjou and is an of the House of Plantagenet.
Ermengarde-Blanche was the daughter of Count Fulk III of Anjou and Hildegarde. She was involved in two marriage alliances that greatly benefited her father and brother as counts of Anjou. She was first contracted to marry Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais, called "Ferréol", who was also lord of Château-Landon. It was important marriage to return Château-Landon to the counts of Anjou. It took between twelve and eighteen months to arrange the marriage. Meanwhile Fulk paid a great deal of attention to Château-Landon. He and his wife, Hildegarde, founded the abbey of Le Ronceray. Originally a church dedicated to St. Mary, Hildegard was very active in its rebuilding into an abbey. They gave the abbey many gifts including the forest of Lattay. They gave more gifts to this abbey than any other church or religious house. Her two sons of this marriage, Geoffrey III and Fulk both became counts of Anjou after her brother Geoffrey II Martel. Among her descendants are the Plantagenet (or Angevin) kings of England.
After her husband Geoffrey died Ermengarde-Blanche married Robert I Capet, Duke of Burgundy. Robert was the son of King Robert II of France. Because both Ermengarde and her second husband Robert Capet were both descendants of Ingelger, they were related by blood. This was found in charts prepared at the of Saint-Aubin at Angers between 1048 and 1052. The charts show how closely the Angevin and Capet families were related. The charts were probably created over concerns of who Ermengarde and Robert's daughter Hildegarde could or could not marry. Ermengarde-Blanche died at Fleury-sur-Ouche on 18 March 1076. Robert died three days later at the same place on 21 March 1076.
Together she and Geoffrey II had the following children:
She married secondly Robert I, Duke of Burgundy. Together they had a daughter:
Division of Indi
The Division of Indi is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. It is located in north-eastern Victoria. It is one of the largest divisions in Victoria. A lot of its area is in the Alpine National Park. It includes the cities of Wodonga, Wangaratta, and Benalla, and the smaller towns of Rutherglen, Mansfield, Beechworth, Bethanga, Myrtleford, Corryong, Tallangatta, Yea and Euroa. It also includes the ski resort of Falls Creek and the isolated village of Woods Point.
Indi was one of the 75 divisions set up for the first federal election in 1901. The name Indi, was an Indigenous Australian word for the Murray River, which is one of the boundaries of the division.
Famous members inlude Sir Isaac Isaacs, the Attorney-General of Australia, Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia, and the first Australian-born Governor-General of Australia. John McEwen, who moved to Murray, became Prime Minister of Australia after the death of Harold Holt in 1967. The Labor party won the seat in 1928 when the conservatives forgot to nominate a candidate.
Division of Melbourne
The Division of Melbourne is an Australian Electoral Division of Victoria. It was one of the first 75 divisions set up for the first federal election in 1901. It includes the City of Melbourne and the suburbs of Abbotsford, Ascot Vale, Carlton, Clifton Hill, Colllingwood, Docklands, North Melbourne, West Melbourne, East Melbourne, Fitzroy, Fitzroy North, Flemington, Kensington, Parkville, Richmond, and parts of Brunswick and Brunswick East. It was named after the city of Melbourne, which was named in 1838 for Lord Melbourne, the British Prime Minister.
Arthur Calwell was the Leader of the Opposition. Lindsay Tanner was Minister for Finance and Deregulation in the first Rudd Government.
Division of Isaacs
The Division of Isaacs is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. It covers the south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne, on the eastern shores of Port Phillip Bay. It includes Mordialloc, Keysborough, Waterways, Noble Park, Chelsea, Aspendale, Edithvale, Bonbeach, Patterson Lakes and Carrum.
The Division was named after Sir Isaac Isaacs, former Chief Justice of Australia and the first Australian-born Governor-General of Australia. It was set up for the 1969 federal election.
The former Division of Isaacs (1949–69) covered the inner south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne, and was not related to this Division except in name.
Mark Dreyfus is Attorney-General of Australia, Minister for the Public Service and Integrity, Minister for Emergency Management, and Special Minister of State in the Rudd Government.
Castaways of the Flying Dutchman
Castaways of the Flying Dutchman is the first book in the "Castaways of the Flying Dutchman" series written by Brian Jacques. It was published in 2001. It is based on the legend of the ghost ship the "Flying Dutchman". A 13-year-old boy named Nebuchadnezzar (Neb for short, later he switches that backwards and becomes Ben), and his dog, Denmark (Den for short, later switched backwards to Ned), are the lone survivors of the "Flying Dutchman". They have to wander the earth forever, and will stay forever young, helping those who need help.
The second book, "The Angel's Command" was published in 2003. "Voyage of Slaves" (the third and last book) was published in 2006.
Division of Bradfield
The Division of Bradfield is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. It was created in 1949 and is named for Dr John Bradfield, the designer of the Sydney Harbour Bridge.
It includes the suburbs of St Ives Chase, St Ives, East Killara, East Lindfield, Roseville Chase,Roseville, Lindfield, West Lindfield, West Killara, West Pymble, South Turramurra, Thornleigh, Gordon, Lindfield, Pymble, Killara, Wahroonga, Waitara and Hornsby.
Bradfield is the richest electorate in Australia.
Billy Hughes was a former Prime Minister of Australia and the last serving member of the first federal Parliament. Brendan Nelson was a minister in the third and fourth Howard Governments and the Leader of the Opposition from 2007 to 2008.
Rolv Wesenlund