AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Mundy's mother was an Australian opera singer. Mundy was married to Mark Daniels from 1943 until they divorced in 1951. Then she was married to Konstantinos "Dino" Yannopoulos until his death in 1985. They had one child. Mundy now lives in Manhattan, New York.
Kingdom Hearts III
Kingdom Hearts III is a action role-playing video game developed and published by Square Enix. It is the eighth game for the "Kingdom Hearts" video game series. It was released for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. "Kingdom Hearts III" is the first game in the series to be released on a Microsoft platform as it was only released on both Sony and Nintendo systems.
After years of rumors and speculation, the game was confirmed to be in development at E3 2013. Director Tetsuya Nomura said that the game will finish the "Xehanort Saga" but that it would not be the final game in the series.
In a June 2013 interview with "Famitsu", Nomura discussed the visuals that were seen in the teaser trailer. He said that they tried to remember that the "Kingdom Hearts characters were originally paintbrush art from Disney productions, a texture that was one of our original aims, and that it was time to return to that. So [chief creative director Takeshi] Nozue went through a series of tests, and the results are the visuals that we refer to in the team as the Kingdom Shader. It may look like a pretty drastic change, but I see it as a rich evolution of everything we've shown you up to now." In September 2013, producer Shinji Hashimoto said that since both "Kingdom Hearts III" and "Final Fantasy XV" are being directed by Nomura, there would be a big gap between the release of the two games, "as [they] want each game to be perfect in terms of quality." Hashimoto repeated Nomura's statements about the game's announcement at E3 2013, and said that "the company thought it was about time it addressed speculation about the long-awaited conclusion to the trilogy." In October 2013, Teruzane Utada, the father of singer Hikaru Utada, said that Hikaru would once again be involved in the theme song, as she did with "Kingdom Hearts" and "Kingdom Hearts II". He later stated that it is still undecided on their involvement. In January 2014, actor Haley Joel Osment, the English voice of Sora in the series, said that he was in talks with the development team after the announcement and said that since dialogue was one of the last parts of the process, he believed he would not begin recording until mid-2014 at the earliest.
After the announcement of SQUARE ENIX that there would be no French Spanish and German voice (present in the 1 and 2) European fans launched the movement # EUDubbingForKH3 which aims to change his opinion SE and he includes (real) German and Spanish French voice through petition, letter etc.
Watchmen were groups of men who discouraged crime and enforced the law. They were usually authorised by the state or government. Watchmen have existed in many places around the world throughout history. Today, the job of law enforcement has generally been taken over by organised police.
An early reference to a watch can be found in the Bible. Ezekiel says that it was the watchmen's duty to sound the alarm to warn the people that they were under attack (Ezekiel 33:1-6). The Roman Empire turned the role of a watchman into a profession. The Vigiles was the city watch in Rome. It was the city's police force.
In England, the Ordinance of 1233 required the appointment of watchmen. The Assize of Arms of 1252 and the Statute of Winchester of 1285 are considered among the earliest examples of a police in England. The Assize of Arms required that constables be appointed to call men to fight when the town was under attack. It also required them to stop disturbances of the peace, and to take criminals to the sheriff. By 1415, a watch was appointed to the Parliament of England. King Henry VII appointed a watch for his house, the Tower of London, in 1485. These watchmen became known as the Beefeaters.
SpaceShipOne
SpaceShipOne is a vehicle built to travel to the lower limits of outer space. It completed the first manned private spaceflight in 2004. That same year, it won the US$10 million Ansari X Prize and has not flown since winning. It was carried high into the air by a specially designed plane named "White Knight". Both vehicles were built and flown by Mojave Aerospace Ventures. This was a joint project between Paul Allen and Scaled Composites, Burt Rutan's flying machine company. Allen provided the money to build and fly SpaceShipOne, about US$25 million.
Rutan has said that ideas about the project began as early as 1994. The full-time work towards the 2004 accomplishments took about three years. The vehicle first flew faster than the speed of sound on December 17, 2003. This date was also the one-hundredth anniversary of the Wright Brothers' historic first powered flight. SpaceShipOne's first official spaceflight, was piloted by Mike Melvill. A few days before that flight, the Mojave Air and Space Port was the first commercial spaceport licensed in the United States. A few hours after that flight, Melvill became the first licensed U.S. commercial astronaut. The overall project name was "Tier One". It has evolved into Tier 1b with a goal of taking a new, but similar ship's first paying passengers into space within the next few years.
Watch Dogs (written as Watch_Dogs) is an action-adventure video game that was developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft. The game was released on 27 May 2014. The game is available on Microsoft Windows, the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Xbox One and Wii U.
It was revealed during Ubisoft's press conference at E3 2012. They announced that PC is the lead platform for the game.
It was chosen as "Best PC Game", "Biggest Surprise" and "Best New Franchise" of E3 2012 by IGN. It also won "People's Choice Most Exciting Game of E3 2013" by GameSpot. Note; despite the praise from gaming magazines the game was very lackluster.
The game tells the story of Aiden Pearce, a hacker who searches the city of Chicago for information in order to find out who hired the men who killed his six-year-old niece, Lena, when they tried and failed to kill Aiden.
Leonardo is one of the four "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles". He is the leader of the team of brothers and uses a sword. He is named after Leonardo da Vinci.
Leonardo has been played by James Arnold Taylor and Johnny Knoxville in movies based on TMNT.
Michelangelo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)
Michelangelo is one of the four "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles". He is the comic relief of the group of brothers and uses nunchakus.
Mikey has been played by Mikey Kelley in movies based on TMNT.
Division of Mackellar
The Division of Mackellar is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It is named after Dorothea Mackellar, a 20th-century Australian poet. The division was set up in 1949.
It covers the northern beach suburbs of Sydney, including Narrabeen, Beacon Hill, Newport, Palm Beach and Terrey Hills.
William Wentworth IV, was the first Minister for Aboriginal Affairs, and the great-grandson of politician and explorer William Wentworth, one of the first Europeans to cross the Blue Mountains. Bronwyn Bishop was the Speaker of the Australian House of Representativesfrom 2013 to 2015.
Donatello (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)
Donatello is one of the four "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles". He is the brains of the group of brothers and uses a bo staff. He is named after Donatello, one of the Renaissance masters.
Donnie has been played by Leif Tilden in movies based on TMNT.
Division of McMahon
The Division of McMahon is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It was set up in 2010 and is named for Australian Prime Minister Sir William McMahon. It replaced the division of Prospect.
The division covers the western suburbs of Sydney. It includes the suburbs of Abbotsbury, Blacktown (part), Bossley Park, Canley Vale, Cecil Park, Eastern Creek, Edensor Park, Erskine Park, Fairfield, Fairfield Heights, Fairfield West, Greenfield Park, Greystanes, Horsley Park, Kemps Creek, Merrylands (part), Merrylands West, Mount Vernon, Orchard Hills, Pemulwuy, Prairiewood, Prospect, Smithfield, South Wentworthville (part), St Clair and Wetherill Park.
Airbus A350 XWB
The Airbus A350 XWB (XWB standing for Extra Wide Body) is a type of airplane built by European aerospace company Airbus. It is a long-ranged aircraft with two engines and a wide body. It is predicted that the plane will be able to hold and transport 250-350 passengers in a first class, business class, and economy class or a normal 3-class setting. On January 15, 2015, the A350-900 entered service with Qatar Airways, and the A350-1000 in February 24, 2018 with the same airline.
Variants include:
The A350-1000 is a wide body twin engined aircraft made by Airbus. It can hold more than 400 passengers when arranged in an all economy class configuration. It is currently operated by Qatar airways and Cathay Pacific. Soon other airlines will use this aircraft such as British Airways and Virgin Atlantic. Its first flight was on the 24 November 2016.
Alfriston
Dipodidae
The Dipodidae are a family of small to medium-sized rodents living in the northern hemisphere. The family has over 50 species in 16 genera.
They include the jerboas, jumping mice, and birch mice. Different species are found in grassland, deserts, and forests. They are all capable of "saltation", which is jumping from a bipedal stance. This feature is most highly evolved in the desert-dwelling jerboas. Their movement resembles that of kangaroos more than that of true mice.
Most species are nocturnal, and the eyes and ears are noticeably larger than usual in proportion to the body.
Personal defense weapon
A personal defense weapon (PDW) is usually defined as a light, compact and easy to use firearm. However the definition varies depending on context and who you ask. Many will still say it is a Short-barreled rifle (SBR). These are regulated in the United States by the ATF. Many SBRs are available as selective fire (can switch between semi-automatic or fully automatic fire). The United States Department of Homeland Security defines a personal defense weapon as an M4 carbine (or a Colt AR-15 civilian semi-automatic rifle). Some governments' definition of PDWs includes handguns. An example is the Czech Republic which has proposed a constitutional amendment that would allow its citizens to own and keep PDWs as a way to discourage terrorists. Regardless, a PDW is usually agreed upon as being somewhere between a submachine gun and an assault rifle.
In the 1980s, the term was used for troops in tight, confined environments. They needed a compact automatic weapon that could defeat body armor. It was designed for troops in tanks, military trucks and those operating from aircraft including pilots. The majority of soldiers do not take part in an infantry battle. Their jobs are usually to support the infantry. Their main role is not winning a fight, but often to escape an ambush. In other situations they may assist the infantry. PDWs are also used by bodyguards as they can be hidden under a jacket but still allowed good firepower. PDWs tend to be shorter range weapons.
The term evolved as concealed carry became more popular, especially in places like the United States. Certain states in the United States make carrying a firearm for personal defense relatively easy while others make it more difficult. Also, quite a few other countries allow concealed carry, to various degrees. Pistols, especially compact models, are very popular self defense weapons today. Also, there are now a number of pistols available in rifle calibers.
In places where a firearm cannot be carried or the person chooses not to carry a firearm, there are other weapons they can carry. Common items such as a credit card, car keys, a pen or even a scarf can be effective self defense weapons. Because of the popularity of self defense, there are also specially designed non-lethal weapons designed not to look like weapons.
Swinton, South Yorkshire
Swinton is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham in South Yorkshire, a county in England. 11,701 people lived in Swinton in 2011.
Swinton has a secondary school called Swinton Community School. The school has a sixth form.
Bonobo (musician)
Simon Green (born 30 March 1976), known as Bonobo, is a British electronic musician. He released his first album "Animal Magic" in 2000 on the record label Tru Thoughts. It was then released again by Ninja Tune in 2001. He became successful in 2013 when he released his fifth album "The North Borders". Erykah Badu sung on one of the songs on the album. Bonobo's song "Ketto" was used in the Citroën C4 Picasso car advertisement in 2007. He lives in New York.
John Roger Stephens (born December 28, 1978), known professionally as John Legend, is an American singer and songwriter. Legend has won nine Grammy Awards. He has worked with a number of established musicians before signing to Kanye West in 2004.
His first album, "Get Lifted", was released by GOOD Music (an imprint founded by rapper Kanye West) in 2004. It won the 2006 Grammy Award for Best R&B Album.
In 2005, Legend won Best R&B Act at the MOBO Awards.
In 2006, Legend released his second album "Once Again".
In 2008, he released his third album "Evolver". Three songs on the album were produced by will.i.am. Brandy sung on the third song. The single "Heaven" won the Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance.
In 2010, "Wake Up!", an album of songs by Legend and The Roots, was released.
Legend released his fourth album, "Love in the Future", in 2013. It was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best R&B Album. "All of Me" was released as a single from the album. It reached number one in Australia, Canada, and the US.
He released the song "A Good Night" through Columbia Records with producer BloodPop on April 6, 2018.
In 2018, Legend became one of sixteen people to win an Oscar, Grammy, Tony and Emmy Award.
Legend is a feminist. He married model Chrissy Teigen in 2013. Their daughter, Luna Simone Stephens, was born on April 14, 2016. Teigen and Legend's second child, Miles Theodore Stephens, was born on May 16, 2018.
James Blake Litherland (born 26 September 1988), known as James Blake, is an English singer-songwriter and electronic music producer. In 2013 Blake was nominated for a Grammy Award for the first time. He was nominated for Best New Artist.
Blake was born in London. He went to The Latymer School.
Blake released his first album "James Blake" on 4 February 2011. It got good reviews. Pitchfork gave it a score of 9 out of 10. It was nominated for the Mercury Prize.
On 5 April 2013, Blake released his second album "Overgrown". Brian Eno produced the song "Digital Lion". On October 30th 2013, "Overgrown" won the Mercury Prize.
In 2013, Blake said that he was dating Theresa Wayman from the band Warpaint.
Katy B
Kathleen Anne Brien (born 8 May 1989), better known as Katy B, is an English singer and songwriter. She released her first album "On a Mission" on April 1, 2011. It got good reviews from music critics. It was nominated for the 2011 Mercury Prize. Katy was born in Peckham, London. She went to the BRIT School. Her next album "Little Red" will be released in February 2014. She released the second single from it, "5 AM", on 4 November 2013. It reached number fourteen in the UK Singles Chart.
ABC (song)
Jarvis Branson Cocker (born 19 September 1963) is an English musician. He is best known for being the frontman of the Britpop band Pulp. In 2012, Cocker started presenting Jarvis Cocker's Sunday Service on BBC Radio 6 Music.
When Cocker was 15 he started Arabacus Pulp with his friend Peter Dalton. They later changed their name to Pulp. They released their first album "It" in April 1983. In 1987 they released their second album "Freaks". In 1994 Pulp released their first album to sell a lot of copies, "His 'n' Hers". In May 1995 Pulp released the single "Common People". It reached number two in the UK Singles Chart.
He released his first solo album "Jarvis" on 13 November 2006. Cocker's second album "Further Complications" was released May 18, 2009.
The Sims 4
The Sims 4 is a life simulation video game developed by Maxis and The Sims Studio and published by Electronic Arts. The game was released on September 2, 2014. The game is available on Microsoft Windows and OS X.
It was revealed during Gamescon via gameplay demo and release trailer.
The game does not require an internet connection to play, but it will need an Origin account and internet access during the initial installation process.
The Sims 4 is made from the same idea of the other games in the series. The player controls their Sims' everyday lives. The game is open-ended and has barely any limits. The lots are connected with a large map. Sims can go to lots close to where they are by walking there, but can use their cell phones to go anywhere.
Create-A-Sim is needed to create Sims characters. With no Sims, you can't play the game. Sims 4's Create-A-Sim is easier to use than it is in other Sims games. The Sim's body type can be changed by clicking and dragging parts of the Sim's body. There is a slider to change how muscular the Sim is and another slider to change how fat the Sim is.
A Sim's clothing can be customized by the player. Mods can change this, but mods can also damage the game. Sims have several outfits. Each outfit is made in Create-A-Sim. They wear different outfits in different situations: an everyday outfit, a formal outfit, an athletic outfit, a sleep outfit, a party outfit, and swimwear. The player can change the Sims' outfits at any time in Live Mode.
Traits are what give Sims their personalities. Every trait you give a Sim will add something to their personality. For example, giving a Sim the cheerful trait will make them happy more often. When you are first creating your Sim you can give them three traits, and when you choose their aspiration you get one more. After that you can give them more traits by completing aspirations. There is no limit to the number of traits a Sim can have. The aspirations are:
• Active, which makes the Sim more likely to exercise (the Lazy trait cannot be used with this)
• Creative, the Sim is more likely to read books, paint, etc. This can link well with most traits.
• Genius, the Sim is very intelligent. They will become upset if they have not read in a while, and can link well with the Creative trait.
• Happy, the Sim is cheerful and optimistic. They will become tense around people with the 'Sad' trait.
• Sad, the Sim is the opposite of the Happy trait, which means a Sim can't have both traits.
• Playful - The Sim is more likely to have the Playful moodlet, and is the opposite of the Snob trait. It links well with the Immature trait.
A Sim's aspiration is their biggest goal. You can change your Sim's aspiration whenever you want. The first aspiration you choose when you are creating your Sim will give you a special trait, but changing your Sim's aspiration after that won't change your Sim's traits. Each aspiration gives your Sims a set of tasks to complete. When you complete all these tasks you will get a second special trait. The trait you get will be different for each aspiration. These can be completed if wanted using cheat codes in the game.
Child and Toddler Sims have their own group of aspirations to complete. These aspirations cannot be given to adult and teen Sims.
Sims can only move and be controlled while the player is playing in Live Mode. In Live Mode, 1 second of real time=1 minute in in-game time. In Live Mode, the player can control one Sim in the selected household.
Sims can form relationships by talking to other Sims. The way your Sims treat who they're talking to will affect their relationships. If they are nice to a sim they will have a friendly relationship, but if they are mean they will have a bad relationship. Your Sims can also have romantic relationships with other Sims.
The 6 needs in the game are Fun, Energy, Hunger, Bladder, Social and Hygiene.This can change with the vampire game pack, as the needs are vampire energy, thirst, hygiene, Social and fun.
There are many whims in the game. For example, your Sim may want to buy a TV, do their homework or take a bath.
If a Sim is not able to care for itself and the player does not help them, the Sim will die. Sims die from starvation when this happens. Sims will usually die in accidents or from old age. When a Sim dies, the Grim Reaper will come to take away the Sim's soul. Before the Grim Reaper takes away the dead Sim's soul, other Sims are able to beg for the dead Sim's life. This will not always work. If it does, the Sim will come back to life. If the Sim really dies, they will be replaced by a gravestone or urn.
Unlike previous games, build and buy mode are combined into one mode. In this mode, players can modify their Sims' houses, such as adding or removing rooms and furniture.
Rizzle Kicks
Rizzle Kicks are English hip-hop musicians Jordan "Rizzle" Stephens and Harley "Sylvester" Alexander-Sule. In November 2010, they were signed to the record label Island Records. Their first album, "Stereo Typical", was released on 28 October 2011. Their second album, "Roaring 20s", was released on 2 September 2013. Rizzle Kicks performed their single "Skip to the Good Bit" at the Royal Variety Performance on the 26th of November 2013.
Harley and Alexander-Sule went to the BRIT School at the same time. In 2008, they started Rizzle Kicks. Their second single "Down with the Trumpets" reached number eight in the UK Singles Chart.
Royal Variety Performance
The Royal Variety Performance is an evening of performances that happens every year in the United Kingdom. It is called the Royal Variety Performance because important members of the British Royal Family go there.
It is shown on ITV. The first Royal Variety Performance was in 1912. It was called the Royal Command Performance.
The 2013 Royal Variety Performance was at the London Palladium. Gary Barlow and Jessie J sung there.
Dying Light is a first person survival horror video game that was developed by Techland and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. The game was released on 27th January 2015. The game is available on Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. It was revealed on May 23, 2013.
The game started to be developed in early 2012.
Slavoj Žižek
Slavoj Žižek (born 21 March 1949) is a Slovenian philosopher. He has written more than 70 books. He wrote his first English book "The Sublime Object of Ideology" in 1989. Žižek writes about a lot of different things. Things that Žižek writes about include psychoanalysis, politics, pop culture, and theology.
He writes for "The Guardian". In 2013, he married the Slovene journalist Jela Krečič.
In 2006 Žižek presented a documentary that he had written called "The Pervert's Guide to Cinema". In the documentary Žižek used psychoanalytical film theory on several movies.
In 2007 a documentary about Žižek called "Žižek!" was released.
In 2012 "The Pervert's Guide to Ideology" was released in the United Kingdom. It was written and presented by Žižek. The documentary is a sequel to "The Pervert's Guide to Cinema".
Mince pie
A mince pie, also known as 'minced pie', is a small British fruit-based mince sweet pie. It is usually served during the Christmas season. Originally it was a savoury pie, now it is a sweet pie.
Its ingredients are traceable to the 13th century, when returning European crusaders brought with them Middle Eastern recipes containing meats, fruits and spices.
The early mince pie was known by several names, including mutton pie, shrid pie and Christmas pie. Typically its ingredients were a mixture of minced meat, suet, a range of fruits, and spices.
The ingredients for the modern mince pie can be traced to the return of European crusaders from the Holy Land. Middle Eastern methods of cooking, which sometimes combined meats, fruits and spices, were popular at the time. Pies were created from such mixtures of sweet and savoury foods; in Tudor England, shrid pies (as they were known then) were formed from shredded meat, suet and dried fruit. The addition of spices such as cinnamon, cloves and nutmeg was "in token of the offerings of the Eastern Magi".
Early pies were much larger than those of today, and oblong shaped. "The coffin of our "Christmas"-Pies, in shape long, is in imitation of the Cratch" (Jesus's crib). In old English cookery books the crust of a pie is generally called 'the coffin'.
Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw
Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw (born 1959) is a professor at UCLA School of Law and Columbia Law School. She made the word "intersectionality" in 1989. She is a feminist. She was born in Canton, Ohio in 1959. She edited the 1995 book "Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings That Formed the Movement". In 1996 Crenshaw started the African American Policy Forum with Luke Harris. She has been on "The Tavis Smiley Show" and MSNBC.
Pure Heroine is the first album by Lorde. The album got good reviews from music critics. It was nominated for Best Pop Vocal Album at the 2014 Grammy Awards. The first single released from the album was "Royals". "Royals" was nominated for Best Pop Vocal Performance, Song of the Year and Record of the Year at the 2014 Grammy Awards. The second single "Tennis Court" reached number one in New Zealand.
Lorde wrote the album with Joel Little. Little produced the album.
"The Guardian" put "Pure Heroine" at number thirteen on their list of the best albums of 2013. "Rolling Stone" put the album seventh in their list of the 50 best albums of 2013.
Jessica Valenti
Jessica Valenti (born November 1, 1978) is an American feminist writer. She started the feminist blog Feministing in 2004. In 2011 she left the website.
Valenti's first book, "Full Frontal Feminism: A Young Woman's Guide to Why Feminism Matters", was published in 2007.
Her 2009 book "The Purity Myth: How America’s Obsession with Virginity is Hurting Young Women" was made into a documentary. Valenti's most recent book, "Why Have Kids?: A New Mom Explores the Truth About Parenting and Happiness", was published in 2012.
On October 3, 2009, Valenti married Andrew Golis. The couple's daughter was born in 2010.
Economy class
Nya Quesada
Armonía "Nya" Quesada (13 April 1919 – 6 December 2013) was an Argentine actress. Her career lasted for almost fifty years.
Quesada died on 6 December 2013 from natural causes, aged 94, in Buenos Aires.
Battle of Monte Cassino
The Battle of Monte Cassino (also called the Battle for Rome and the Battle for Cassino) was a battle during the Italian Campaign of World War II. It was a series of four attacks by the Allies against the Winter Line in Italy held by the Germans and Italians.
At the beginning of 1944, the western half of the Winter Line was held by Germans. They held the Rapido, Liri, and Garigliano valleys and some of the mountains. Together, these valleys and mountains were called the Gustav Line. The goal of the Battle of Monte Cassino was to break through this line to Rome.
Monte Cassino, a church, was not occupied by the German defenders. The Germans had set up defence positions in the slopes.
American bombers dropped 1,400 tons of bombs onto the Cassino Abbey.
German paratroopers went into the abbey's ruins. Between 17 January and 18 May, Monte Cassino and the Gustav defences were attacked four times by Allied troops. The German defenders were finally driven from their positions, but with many losses for the Allies.
The Allied landings in Italy in September 1943 were followed by an advance north in two parts. An advance was made on each side of the mountain range in the middle of Italy.
On the western side, U.S. Fifth Army moved from Naples. In the east General Sir Bernard Montgomery's British Eighth Army moved up the Adriatic coast.
The Fifth Army made slow progress because of difficult land and German defences. The Germans were protected in positions. The original plans that Rome would be captured by October 1943 did not occur.
Although in the east the Ortona was captured, the advance stopped in December because of snow. Going to Rome from the east was not possible. Highway 6 ran through the Liri valley. The south entrance to this valley was Cassino. It was an important part of Gustav Line, the strongest defensive positions in the Winter Line.
Because the old Benedictine Abbey was important to history, German units did not put defensive positions in the Abbey.
Some Allied aircraft saw German troops in the Abbey. The Abbey looked over the valley. This made it a good place for German artillery observers. This made Allied commanders want to bomb the Abbey.
The plan of U.S. Fifth Army commander General Clark was for British X Corps to attack on January 17, 1944. The British 46th Infantry Division was to attack on January 19. This would support the main attack by U.S. II Corps on their right.
The main central attack by U.S. II Corps would start on January 20. The 36th (Texas) U.S. Infantry Division would cross a river five miles from Cassino. The French Expeditionary Corps would move towards Monte Cairo.
Fifth Army had only reached the Gustav line on January 15, having taken six weeks and getting 16,000 casualties.
The first attack was made on January 17. Near the coast, British X Corps crossed the Garigliano. General von Senger, commander of German XIV Panzer Corps did not think he could stop the attack. He asked for more troops. The 29th and 90th Panzer Grenadier Divisions were sent to him. X Corps had 4,000 casualties during the first battle.
The central attack by U.S. started on January 20. They were attacked by General Eberhard Rodt's 15th Panzer Grenadier Division. The attack was a failure, with 36th Division losing 2,100 men killed, wounded and missing in 48 hours.
The next attack was on January 24. The U.S. II Corps attacked across the
Rapido valley north of Cassino. The 34th Division pushed back General Franek's 44th Infantry Division.
On the right, the Moroccan-French troops made good initial progress against the Germans. The two Moroccan-French divisions had 2,500 casualties in their battles around Monte Belvedere.
The U.S. 34th Division had to fight southward. By early February, American infantry had captured point less than a mile from the abbey. By February 7 a battalion had reached a hill below the Abbey. Attempts to capture Monte Cassino were stopped by machine gun fire from the slopes.
On February 11, after a 3-day attack on Monastery Hill and Cassino town, the Americans pulled back. U.S. II Corps was tired after two and a half weeks of fighting. They lost 80% in the Infantry battalions, about 2,200 casualties.
This was called Operation Avenger. With U.S. VI Corps under threat at Anzio, Freyberg asked to help at Cassini. Freyberg thought there was only a 50% chance of success for the attack.
Allied officers started to think the Germans were using the abbey of Monte Cassino as an artillery observation point. The Allies thought of bombing with "blockbuster" bombs.
The bombing in the morning of February 15, 1944 involved 142 Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses heavy bombers followed by 47 North American B-25 Mitchell and 40 Martin B-26 Marauder medium bombers. They dropped 1,150 tons of bombs on the abbey. This turned it into rubble. II Corps artillery shelled the mountain. The German positions above and behind the monastery were untouched.
Pope Pius XII said nothing after the bombing. Cardinal Secretary of State called the bombing “stupidity.”
It is now known that the Germans had agreed not to use the Abbey for military purposes.
Following its destruction, paratroopers of the German 1st Parachute Division occupied the ruins of the abbey. They turned it into a fortress and observation post.
On the night following the bombing, a company of the 1st Battalion Royal Sussex Regiment attacked on Snakeshead Ridge. The attack failed, with the company getting 50% casualties.
The following night the Sussex Regiment was ordered to attack with a whole battalion at midnight. The Sussex battalion was fought off, once again sustaining over 50% casualties.
On the night of February 17 the main attack was done. The 4/6th Rajputana Rifles failed in their attack and had heavy losses.
In the other half of the main attack the two companies from 28th (Māori) Battalion from the New Zealand Division attempted to capture the railroad station in Cassino.
They were eventually pulled back.
For the third battle, it was decided to launch two attacks from the north. Before the attack, there was bombing by heavy bombers.
The third battle began March 15. After a bombing of 750 tons of bombs w for three and a half hours, the New Zealanders advanced. There was also an artillery attack from 746 artillery pieces. By the end of March 17 the Gurkhas held a point near the Abbey. New Zealand units and armour had captured the station.
March 19 was planned for the attack on the town and on the Abbey. An attack by the German 1st Parachute Division stopped the Allied attack and destroyed the tanks. In the town the attackers made little progress. Allied troops had to fight house by house.
Freyberg thought the attack could not continue and he ended it. The German 1st Parachute Division had taken heavy losses, but had held onto their position.
Fighting in Cassino caused the 4th Indian Division to lose 3,000 men and the New Zealand Division had 1,600 men killed, missing and wounded. The German defenders had heavy losses.
General Alexander's plan in Italy was to force the enemy to use the maximum number of divisions in Italy. With the arrival of the spring weather, it would be possible to use large groups of troops and armour.
The fourth battle was called "Operation Diadem". The plan was that U.S. II Corps on the left would attack up the coast. The French Corps would attack across the Garigliano. British XIII Corps in the centre right of the front would attack along the Liri valley. On the right Polish II Corps (3rd and 5th Divisions) would attack the Abbey. It took two months to get the troops ready. Movements of troops was done in the darkness.
The attack (11–12 May) on Cassino started at 23:00 with artillery bombing with 1,060 guns on the 8th Army front and 600 guns on the Fifth Army front. The U.S. II Corps made little progress. The French Expeditionary Force got into the Aurunci Mountains. In the mountains above Cassino, for three days Polish attacks and German attacks brought heavy losses to both sides.
By 13, the German right side began to lose to the Fifth Army. On 17 May, Polish II Corps launched their second attack on Monte Cassino. The Poles, on their second try, had captured Monte Cassino.
Eleanor Parker
Eleanor Jean Parker (June 26, 1922 – December 9, 2013) was an American actress. She was known for her roles in "Between Two Worlds", "Hollywood Canteen", "Pride of the Marines", "Never Say Goodbye", "The Sound of Music", "The Seventh Sin", and in "Return to Peyton Place". She was nominated for an Academy Award.
Parker died on December 9, 2013 of complications of pneumonia at her Palm Springs, California home. She was 91.
Kuniko Inoguchi
Kuniko Inoguchi (born May 3, 1952) is a Japanese politician. She belongs to the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). On 31 October 2005, she was appointed Minister of State for Gender equality and Social Affairs.
She received an Master of Arts from Yale University in 1977. She also received a Ph.D. in political science from Yale in 1982.
Thomas Chippendale
Orix Buffaloes
Orix Buffaloes is a Japanese baseball team. This team was formed by the Orix BlueWave and the Osaka Kintetsu Buffaloes after the 2004 NPB season. The team is based in Osaka and Kobe and play home games at Kyocera dome and Kobe Hotto Motto stadium. The team has not had good results in recent seasons.
A former player, Ichiro Suzuki, now plays for the New York Yankees.
Steve Lawrence (born Sidney Liebowitz; July 8, 1935) is an American singer, musician, and actor. He is best known as a member of a duo with his wife Eydie Gormé, known as "Steve and Eydie." The two appeared together since appearing regularly on "Tonight Starring Steve Allen" in the mid-1950s until Gormé's retirement. He was raised of a Jewish faith.
In June 2019, Lawrence was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.
Claire Martin
Claire Martin (April 18, 1914 – June 18, 2014) was a Canadian writer. "Claire Martin" was her pseudonym. Her real name was Claire Montreuil.
Martin was born in Quebec City, Quebec. She studied at the Ursuline convent and by the Dames de la Congrégation. From 1945 to 1972, she lived in Ottawa and was a writer she created a book called The Race Of The Golden Apples.
Her residence at the University of Ottawa. From 1972 to 1982, she lived in France, before returning to Quebec.
Martin died in Quebec City, aged 100.
Douglas Slocombe
Douglas Slocombe OBE, BSC, ASC (10 February 1913 – 22 February 2016) was a British cinematographer. He had a long career in the British movie industry. His 84 feature movies span over 47 years. They include everything from early comedies in the late 1940s, and early 1950s, to the first three "Indiana Jones" movies in the 1980s.
Slocombe died at the age of 103 in a London hospital from complications from a fall on 22 February 2016.
The Green Climate Fund (GCF) is an international fund for fighting climate change. It is part of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It was proposed at the Cancun Conference in Mexico in 2010. It was accepted at the Durban Conference in South Africa in December 2011. The fund's goal is to help developing countries fight climate change by providing them with the money they need to do so. Money may be granted for projects, programs, policies and activities that will help fight climate change or help those countries adapt to global warming.
GCF operates in Songdo, Incheon, South Korea. The Green Climate Fund headquarters were officially opened on 4 December 2013.
The fund is governed by a board of directors. The Board has 24 members. There is an equal number of members from developing and developed countries. Two Co-Chairs of the Board are elected by the Board members. One is a member from a developed country and the other is a member from a developing country. Currently, the Co-Chairs of the Board are Mr. Manfred Konukiewitz (Germany) and Mr. Jose Maria Clemente Sarte Salceda (The Philippines).
Observers have noted that the GCF still has many challenges to work through. These challenges include the way the fund works, what its functions and goals are, how it is governed, and how it will do its job. These must be decided either by the GCF Board or by the countries that are party to the UNFCCC.
Jan Ekier
Jan Stanisław Ekier (August 29, 1913 – August 15, 2014) was a Polish pianist and composer. He is known for his authoritative edition of Chopin's music for the Polish National Edition.
He was born in Kraków, Poland. He turned 100 in August 2013. His first wife was the Polish actress Danuta Szaflarska. Ekier died in Warsaw, a fortnight short of his 101st birthday.
Titanfall
Titanfall is a first-person shooter video game that was developed by Respawn Entertainment and published by Electronic Arts.
The game was released on March 11, 2014 in North America, March 13, 2014 in Europe and Australia and on March 14, 2014 in New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The game was made available on Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360, and Xbox One.
It was revealed during Microsoft's E3 2013 press conference and will be the debut game from Respawn.
The game won over 60 awards at its E3 2013 reveal and six E3 Critics Awards: "Best in Show", "Best Original Game", "Best Console Game", "Best PC Game", "Best Action Game", and "Best Online Multiplayer" which broke a record. The game was named "Best in Show" from IGN, Destructoid, Game Informer, and Electronic Gaming Monthly. It also won "Best Next Generation Console Game" and "Best Xbox Game" at Gamescom 2013 as well as a Future Award at the 2013 Tokyo Game Show. At VGX 2013, it won "Most Anticipated Game".
Boris Pahor
Boris Pahor (born 26 August 1913) is a Slovenian writer. He is known for his Holocaust experience described in the novel "Necropolis" the novel has been translated twice into English. His first book was under the title "Pilgrim Among the Shadows" in 1995, and the second time under the title "Necropolis" in 2010.
Herb Jeffries
Herbert "Herb" Jeffries (Umberto Alexander Valentino; September 24, 1913 – May 25, 2014), was an American jazz and popular singer and actor.
Myeong-dong
Myeong-dong (, literally means 'bright town') is an area in Jung-gu, Seoul, South Korea. It is mostly a commercial area, being one of the main shopping and tourism districts in Seoul.
Actually, Myeong-dong is not an original name and it was not known as a commercial area at first. During the Joseon Dynasty era, it was mostly a residential district called Myeongryebang (). Later on, under the Japanese colonization, the name was changed to Myeongchijeong (). It started to be more like a commercial district during that colonial period. Finally it was changed to the current name, Myeong-dong in 1946, after independence.
In Myeong-dong, there are several large department stores and shopping malls such as Lotte (), Shinsegae (), Migliore and Noon square. Also, the main streets are lined with lots of clothing shops, cosmetics stores, and international retailers.
This area has become more and more international. The survey targeted 12,000 tourists departing Korea, and 55.3% answered that their major tourist destination was Myeong-dong, and it is one of the most popular shopping spots. Favorite items are Korean cosmetics such as Missha and Nature Republic, and there are most of Korean cosmetics brand stores on the main street of Myeong-dong. Therefore, it is necessary for those stores to hire bilingual staffs fluent in English, Japanese, or Chinese, and it attracts more and more foreign shoppers.
There are two Seoul Subway stations near the district; Station #202, Euljiro 1-ga on Line 2 on the north end of the area, Station #424, Myeong-dong on Line 4 on the south end of the area.
Chuncheon
Chuncheon is the capital city of Gangwon Province in South Korea. The city is in a small flat area surrounded by mountains. The Soyang River is around the city. It is the water source of the Han River. Because of this river, Chuncheon has lots of foggy days. Chuncheon is a popular tourist attraction among Korean and East Asian tourist thanks to the popular Korean drama "Winter Sonata".
Gang chon is a popular tourist attraction especially for university students in Korea because it is near Seoul, the capital city of South Korea. It has good accommodation and entertainment facilities.
Chungpyeongsa is a temple which was built in Goryeo Dynasty. Because it is located in a beautiful mountain, many people go there to enjoy the beautiful scenery and valleys with their family.
Namiseom is a popular tourist island which became famous as a filming location of "Winter Sonata". It has a beautiful forest trail so that many couples and family who visit Chuncheon stop by there a lot. People can rent bikes or ride a short rail to look around the island.
The city has several famous foods. One of them is 'dak galbi'. 'Dak galbi' is a stir-fried chicken with sliced cabbage, sweet potatoes, rice cakes, sesame leaves and picy 'go chujang' sauce. It is usually cooked on a big iron pan on the center of the table. There is even a 'dak galbi' street which has many famous 'dak galbi' restaurants in the downtown of the city. Another famous food is 'makguksu.' 'Makguksu' is thin buckwheat noodles served in a cold beef broth with sesame seeds, sliced beef, cucumber, and spicy sauce.
Chuncheon has a train transportation named Gyeonchun Line. With this track, it takes about one hour and twenty minutes from Chuncheon station to Yongsan station in Seoul. Also, it has subway transportation to Seoul. It takes about one hour and forty minutes from Chuncheon station to Sangbong station in Seoul. People can take either train or subway in Chuncheon station and Namchuncheon station. It has bus transportation too. Near Namchuncheon station, there is Chuncheon Bus Terminal. This connects to all major cities in mainland Korea.
Main course
The main course is usually the biggest dish on a menu. The main ingredient is often meat or fish. It most often follows an appetizer, soup, or salad, and is often followed by a dessert.
Richard Salisbury Williamson (May 9, 1949 – December 8, 2013) was an American lawyer, diplomat and pedagogue. He previously served as Special Envoy to Sudan under George W. Bush. Williamson was a partner at Winston & Strawn and was also "Thomas J. Sharkey Distinguished Visiting Scholar" at Seton Hall's Whitehead School of Diplomacy.
Williamson died of a cerebral hemorrhage at a Chicago hospital on December 8, 2013, aged 64.
Paul Freeman
Paul Freeman (born 18 January 1943) is an English movie, stage, voice, and television actor. He is best known for his role as rival archeologist René Belloq in "Raiders of the Lost Ark" and as the evil wine baron, Gustav Reibmann on season 4 of "Falcon Crest". He also appeared in "Hot Fuzz".
Beşbarmaq
Beşbarmaq (; Uzbek: norin, нарын) is the national dish of Kyrgyzstan, Bashkortostan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. It is also the main course on feasts in Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. It is made from meat, with chopped noodles and onion sauce.
Progressive conservatism
Progressive conservatism is an ideology that tries to unite conservative and progressive ideas. To deal with poverty, the ideology supports the idea of a social safety net. It also supports a limited redistribution of wealth. The people supporting progressive conservatism want to allow the government to regulate markets in the interests of both consumers and producers. Progressive conservatism first arose as a distinct ideology in the United Kingdom under Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli's "One Nation" Toryism.
In the UK, the Prime Ministers Disraeli, Stanley Baldwin, Neville Chamberlain, Winston Churchill, Harold Macmillan, and David Cameron have been described as progressive conservatives. The Catholic Church's "Rerum Novarum" (1891) advocates a progressive conservative doctrine known as social Catholicism.
In the United States, Theodore Roosevelt has been the main figure identified with progressive conservatism as a political tradition. Roosevelt stated that he had "always believed that wise progressivism and wise conservatism go hand in hand". Some people considered the administration of President William Howard Taft to be progressive conservative. Taft described himself as "a believer in progressive conservatism". President Dwight D. Eisenhower declared himself an advocate of "progressive conservatism". In Germany, Chancellor Leo von Caprivi promoted a progressive conservative agenda called the "New Course". In Canada, a variety of conservative governments have been progressive conservative, with Canada's major conservative movement being officially named the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 1942 to 2003. In Canada, the Prime Ministers Arthur Meighen, R.B. Bennett, John Diefenbaker, Joe Clark, Brian Mulroney, and Kim Campbell led progressive conservative federal governments.
Colleges and universities in Oregon
This is a list of colleges and universities in Oregon:
Atlas Computer (Manchester)
Battle of Ortona
The Battle of Ortona was a small, very violent battle fought between German and Canadian troops. It was fought on December 20–28, 1943. It was part of World War II.
The battalion of German paratroops were from the German 1st Parachute Division under "Generalleutnant" Richard Heidrich. The Canadian forces were from the 1st Canadian Infantry Division under Major General Chris Vokes.
It was part of the fighting on the Adriatic area in Italy. The battle has been called "Little Stalingrad" because of the violent, close fighting. The battle took place in the Adriatic Sea town of Ortona, with a population of 10,000.
The Eighth Army's attack on the Winter Line defences started on 23 November. By the end of the month, Allied troops broke through the Gustav Line defences. The Allied troops were fighting towards the Moro river, near Ortona.
Ortona was one of Italy's few deep water ports on the east coast. The Allies wanted to capture the port. The Germans had constructed a series of defensive positions in the town.
The Canadians had to battle the German 1st Parachute Division. These soldiers were experienced after many years of war. Adolf Hitler ordered them to defend Ortona.