AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Southern plantations could be extremely profitable. Sources differ as to just how profitable they were. According to one source, between 1770–1860, land was abundant and easy to obtain making it virtually worthless by itself. It was hard to get rich by just owning land. The Southern elite got very wealthy by owning the labor force that produced the crops on the land. The value of the slaves themselves equaled between one and two years of the entire national income of the United States. When you consider that only a small minority held slaves and that it was limited to the Southern United States, slaves were the real wealth.
A study by Alfred Conrad and John Meyer computed the rate of return for "slave capital". They calculated that slave ownership was at least equal to other forms of investments and higher than most. Slave ownership alone could return as high as 13% per year while railroad bonds would return 6–8%.
The slave trade was banned in the United States after January 1, 1808. Slave ownership was still legal, but no more African slaves could be brought into the country. Until that time slave traders had become very wealthy by transporting slaves.
Examples of the enormous wealth of Southern slave owners includes Joshua John Ward of Georgetown County, South Carolina. He owned 1,130 slaves and controlled six large plantations. In 1850, he grew of rice earning his nickname as the "King of the Rice Planters". Another was Stephen Duncan. He was the wealthiest cotton planter before the Civil War. Over his lifetime he owned more than 2,000 slaves. He owned 15 plantations, the largest one used 858 slaves.
The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was a large political concession given to the South. It created a new commission that acted similar to the United States Marshals Service but with several differences. They were paid a reward by the federal government for each slave (or those who were claimed to be slaves) that was captured. They quickly became the largest federal employer at the time. The new act was anything but pro-States' rights as Northern state laws were ignored. There was no due process of law. In short, the Fugitive Slave act gave Southern states the power over the laws of Northern states by using the federal government to do their bidding.
The Act of 1850 alarmed Northerners both black and white. Free blacks had much to fear about being kidnapped and finding themselves a captive slave in the South. Northern whites were alarmed because their communities were being assaulted by slave hunters. Northerners saw this as proof positive of a Slave Power conspiracy that was threatening their liberty.
Northern Free-Soilers and Republicans had their differences. But one thing they agreed on was they both opposed slavery expanding to the territories. Both opposed the Southern planters who they called "slave oligarchs". Together they had an advantage over earlier attempts by political parties to oppose slavery. Earlier, Northern politicians had to go easy on slavery issues because they needed the political power of the Southerners to win national elections. For that reason they supported slaveholding presidents, congressmen and senators. But the Republicans and Free-Soilers did not need to please the Southern politicians and they attacked their power at every opportunity. They brought up old arguments that Slave Power had too long held power in American politics. That argument was used when Thomas Jefferson had been elected president. It came up when Missouri was admitted as a slave state in 1820 and again in 1845 when Texas was annexed. This time the Republicans hammered the idea hard. It hurt Northern Democrats the most. Republicans won many offices in the North that had been held by Democrats for decades. In the 1860 election, the Democrats split between North and South with each supporting their own candidate. This allowed Lincoln to win even though he did not have a majority. This ended the Slave Power dominance in politics and was a contributing factor to the American Civil War.
Most Antebellum Period presidents were not only from the South, but also owned slaves themselves. Many figured prominently in maintaining the economics of slavery. One reason for so many Southern presidents is that they benefited from the electoral college advantage they held, especially those from the largest slaveholding state, Virginia. In the Constitutional Convention (1787) delegates from Northern states did not want slaves counted as each being one person for the purposes of a state's representation in Congress. Southern delegates wanted slaves to count as individuals even though they could not vote. The delegates finally arrived at the Three-Fifths Compromise. In Article I, section 2 of the United States Constitution, calling slaves by the euphemism "all other persons", the founders counted each slave as three-fifths of a person. This gave slave states one-third more seats in Congress than they would otherwise have based on the number of citizens they had. This factor was decisive in the 1800 presidential election giving Thomas Jefferson the win by the House of Representatives.
One of the key reasons Washington, D.C. was selected as the United States Capitol was that it located around a slave town, Alexandria, Virginia. New York City was in a free state and in Philadelphia a slave could only be kept for six months before being freed. This was inconvenient for slave owning politicians. Also, Washington D.C. was promoted by George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison—three key Southerners who owned slaves.
Neotribalism
Rory's Place
Rory's Place is an American children's television series produced by Johnny Devon. The series premiered on Ready Set Learn as part of the TLC programming block on September 27, 1997 and ended on January 23, 1999.
The series premiered on Ready Set Learn as part of the TLC programming block on September 27, 1997 and ended on January 23, 1999.
Protests against Donald Trump
Protests against Donald Trump occurred in the United States in 2016. They occurred because of Trump's presidential campaign, and because of the results of the 2016 presidential election.
During Trump's presidential campaign, activists organized demonstrations inside Trump rallies who sometimes called for the rallies to be shut down.
After Trump won the presidential election, students and activists made larger protests in several major cities across the United States. The protesters chanted that Trump is "Not my President!" and other slogans.
Tory Lanez
Daystar Peterson (born; July 27, 1992, Brampton, Ontario, Canada), better known by his stage name Tory Lanez, is a Canadian rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. Lanez was perhaps first recognized for his 2014 mixtape "Lost Cause" and his single "Say It" (2015). Lanez is signed to Mad Love Records and Interscope Records. His single charted "Say It" peaked at 23 on the Billboard Hot 100.
Turkification
Turkification was the process of turning a culturally, linguistically, or ethnically non-Turkish area into a cultural, linguistic, or Turkish area. Turkification was sometimes voluntary and sometimes forced. Turkey was once the home to many different ethnic groups before the arrival of the Turks. Among these groups were Greeks, Kurds, Armenians, and many more. These groups had been subjected to centuries of cultural assimilation. However, under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, these groups were subjected to a second wave of forced Turkification, this time targeting their languages.
Turkification partially explains why Turkish culture is a mixture of Western, Islamic, and Shamanistic cultures.
Newton Aycliffe
NP-hardness
An NP-hard problem is a type of mathematical problem used in computer science. It is a yes/no problem where finding a solution for it is at least as hard as finding a solution for the hardest problem whose solution can quickly be checked as being true. Some NP-hard problems are ones where a working solution can be checked quickly (NP problems) and some are not. NP-hard problems that are also NP problems fit into a category called NP-complete.
An example of a problem that is at least as hard to solve as any other problem that we can quickly check solutions for, which is also quickly checkable (it is both NP-hard and NP):
A travelling salesman wants to visit 100 cities by driving, starting and ending his trip at home. He has a limited supply of gasoline, so he can only drive a total of 10,000 kilometers. He wants to know if he can visit all of the cities without running out of gasoline.
People don't know how to solve this problem faster than testing every possible answer, but if a solution is found that allows the salesman to do this, we can use an algorithm check that it is true. This problem is also known as Travelling salesman problem.
An example of a problem that is at least as hard to solve as any other problem that we can quickly check solutions for, but that can not be checked quickly (it is NP-hard, but it is not NP):
if someone starts a program that simply goes,
and never stops it, will it run forever?
There is no known way to find a solution to all problems of this kind, and this also cannot be checked.
Vernamiège
Vernamiège is a former municipality in the district Hérens in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2011 the former municipalities of Vernamiège, Mase and Nax merged into the new municipality of Mont-Noble.
Lake Louise (Alberta)
Lake Louise, also called Lake of the Little Fishes by the Stoney Nakota First Nations people, is a glacial lake within Banff National Park in Alberta, Canada. The village of Lake Louise is on the Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 1), which is west of Banff, Alberta. The emerald color of the water comes from rock flour carried into the lake by melt-water from the glaciers that overlook the lake. The lake has a surface of and is drained through the 3 km long "Louise Creek" into the Bow River. Moraine Lake and Lake Agnes are also accessible from Lake Louise.
Lake Louise was originally named "Emerald Lake". In 1884 the name was changed, naming it after the daughter of Queen Victoria, Princess Louise Caroline Alberta.
Anastasio Somoza García
Anastasio Somoza García (1896-1956) was the President and dictator of Nicaragua from 1936 until his death in 1956. He ran one of the most corrupt governments in history. But because his administration was anti-communist he was supported by the United States. García was the son of a wealthy coffee planter. He was educated in Philadelphia where he met and married Salvadora Debayle Sacasa. She was also from a wealthy Nicaraguan family. He became very wealthy through investments in land, transport, real estate and manufacturing. After winning the 1936 Presidential Election, he took control of the National Guard. He placed family members in key positions of the government. He and his family controlled the Nationalist Liberal Party which controlled the legislature and Judiciary. This gave him absolute control of the country. On September 21, 1956 he was shot in León, Nicaragua by a poet. He died eight days later. His family continued to rule in Nicaragua for two more decades.
Stevo Todorčević
Stevo Todorčević (born February 9, 1955) is a Canadian-French-Serbian mathematician specializing in mathematical logic and set theory. He holds a Canada Research Chair in mathematics at the University of Toronto, and a director of research position at the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) in Paris.
Mont-Noble
Mont-Noble is a municipality of the district of Hérens in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2011 the former municipalities of Mase, Nax and Vernamiège merged into the new municipality of Mont-Noble.
Nax, Vernamiège and Mase.
Bratsch
Bratsch is a village and former municipality of the district of Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2009 the former municipalities of Bratsch and Gampel merged into the new municipality of Gampel-Bratsch.
Ergisch
Ergisch (Walliser German: "Ärgisch") is a municipality of the district Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
Erschmatt
Erschmatt was a municipality of the district of Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
Selkingen
Selkingen is a village and former municipality in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2001 the former municipalities of Selkingen, Biel and Ritzingen merged into the new municipality of Grafschaft.
Burlington County, New Jersey
Burlington County is a county in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Its county seat is Mount Holly. As of the 2018 Census Bureau estimate, the county's population was 445,384, making it the 11th-largest of the state's 21 counties.
Judea (Roman province)
Judea was a small third-class province in the Roman Empire. It occupied the same area as modern Israel and Palestine. For centuries Judea had been under the rule of the Seleucid Empire. As that empire broke down, Rome gradually took control of the eastern parts of the Mediterranean. By 64 BC, after nearly two centuries of independent rule, those struggling for the Judean crown asked Emperor Pompey the Great to decide. Pompey stepped in and made Judea a client state. It briefly became a procuratorship between 41 and 44 AD under King Herod Agrippa. After his death it was returned to a province again. It was the scene of several wars called the Jewish–Roman wars. In 70 AD it was the scene of the Great Jewish Revolt resulting in the institution of the Fiscus Judaicus. After Bar Kokhba's revolt (132–135), the Roman Emperor Hadrian changed the name of the province to Syria Palaestina. The name Jerusalem was changed to Aelia Capitolina.
Mut
Mut was an ancient Egyptian goddess. Mut meant "mother" in the ancient Egyptian language. Her name can also be spelled Maut or Mout. She is associated with the waters from which everything was born.
Some of Mut's many titles included "World-Mother", "Eye of Ra", "Queen of the Goddesses", "Lady of Heaven", "Mother of the Gods", and "She Who Gives Birth, But Was Herself Not Born of Any".
In art, Mut was pictured as a woman with the wings of a vulture. She holds an ankh and wears the united crown of Upper and Lower Egypt. Her dress is bright red or blue. There is a feather of the goddess Ma'at at her feet.
Mut is sometimes shown as a cobra, a cat, a cow, or as a lioness as well as the vulture.
Sopdet
In Egyptain mythology Sopdet was the goddess of the star Sothis. Sothis is thought to be the star Sirius.
The name "Sopdet" means "sharp" in Egyptain. This is a reference to the brightest star in the night sky. In art she is shown as a woman with a five-pointed star upon her head.
Monthu
Monthu is a god of war in Egyptian mythology. He is usually shown as a falcon-headed man with two long feathers and a sun disk.
Monthu's name can be written in English as Mont, Montu, Montju, or Menthu.
Montu had several partners, including the goddess Tenenet, the goddess Iunit, and a female form of Ra.
Qetesh
Qetesh was a goddess in the ancient Egyptian religion, popular during the New Kingdom.
Qetesh was a fertility goddess of sacred ecstasy and sexual pleasure. She was adopted from Canaan in what is now Syria.
Arrondissements of the Var department
There are 3 arrondissements in the Var department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into "arrondissements", which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.
The arrondissements of Var are:
Since its creation, the Var department has had few changes:
Wosret
Wepwawet
In late Egyptian Mythology Wepwawet (also rendered Upuaut) was originally a war deity whose cult centre was Asyut in Upper Egypt. His name means "opener of the ways" and he is often depicted as a wolf standing at the prow of a solar boat. Some interpret that Wepwawet is seen as a scout going out to clear routes for the army to proceed forward. One inscription from the Sinai states that Wepwawet "opens the way" to king Sekhemkhet's victory.
Over time, the connection to war, and thus to death, led to Wepwawet also being seen as one who opened the ways to, and through, Duat, for the spirits of the dead.
East Africa Time
East Africa Time or EAT is a time zone used in Eastern Africa. It is often named as UTC+3. There is no daylight saving time since it is so near the equator.
Arrondissement of Draguignan
The arrondissement of Draguignan is an arrondissement of France, in the Var department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its capital is the city of Draguignan.
When the Var department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Draguignan was part of that original department.
The "arrondissement" of Draguignan is the most eastern of the "arrondissements" of the Var department. It is bordered to the north by the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, to the east by the Alpes-Maritimes department, to the south by the Toulon "arrondissement" and to the west by the Brignoles "arrondissement".
The "arrondissement" of Draguignan is the largest "arrondissement" of the department in area, , but the second in population (321,569 inhabitants).
There are 9 cantons in the "arrondissement" of Draguignan and 3 of them do not have all their "communes" in the "arrondissement":
The "arrondissement" of Draguignan has 54 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː
Tatenen
Heka (god)
Heka was the deification of magic in ancient Egypt. The name is the Egyptian word for "magic" . According to Egyptain writing "Heka" existed ""before duaity had yet come into being"". The term "Heka" was also used to refer to the practice of magical rituals.
Arrondissement of Brignoles
The arrondissement of Brignoles is an arrondissement of France, in the Var department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its capital is the city of Brignoles.
When the Var department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Brignoles was part of that original department.
The "arrondissement" was eliminated in 1926 but it was made again an "arrondissement" in 1974.
The "arrondissement" of Brignoles is in the northwest of the Var department. It is bordered to the north by the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, to the east by the Draguignan "arrondissement", to the south by the Toulon "arrondissement" and to the west by the Bouches-du-Rhône department.
The "arrondissement" of Brignoles is the second largest "arrondissement" of the department in area, , but the one with fewest people living in it (150,974 inhabitants).
In the "arrondissement" of Brignoles there are 6 cantons but only 2 of them have all their "communes" in the "arrondissement":
The "arrondissement" of Brignoles has 67 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː
Cree language
Cree (also known as Cree–Montagnais–Naskapi) is an Algonquian language spoken by about 117,000 people across Canada from the Northwest Territories and Alberta to Labrador. This makes it the aboriginal language with the highest number of speakers in Canada. Despite having a large number of speakers within this wide-ranging area, the only region where Cree has any official status is in the Northwest Territories. This is along with eight other official aboriginal languages.
Arrondissement of Toulon
The arrondissement of Toulon is an arrondissement of France, in the Var department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its capital is the city of Toulon.
When the Var department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Toulon was part of that original department.
The "arrondissement" of Toulon is in the southern part of the Var department. It is bordered to the north by the Brignoles "arrondissement", to the east by the Draguignan "arrondissement", to the south by the Mediterranean Sea and to the west by the Bouches-du-Rhône department.
The "arrondissement" of Toulon is the smallest "arrondissement" of the department in area, , but the one with more people living in it (565,669 inhabitants).
There are 14 cantons in the "arrondissement" of Toulon and 4 of them do not have all their "communes" in the "arrondissement':
The "arrondissement" of Toulon has 32 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː
The Humane Society of the United States
The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), based in Washington, D.C., is an American nonprofit organization that does activism against animal cruelty. It was founded in 1954. They do this by organizing campaigns to get laws passed and by investigating companies.
HSUS opposes cruelty against animals used for food.
The organization works on a full range of animals, including pets, wildlife, farm animals, horses, and animals used in research, testing and education.
HSUS works with another organization, the Fund for Animals, to operate animal sanctuaries in five states. However, it does not operate animal shelters itself. HSUS also trains rescue groups and shelters.
HSUS has been criticized for the way it spends its money.
In 1954, there were disagreements in the American Humane Association (AHA), another animal rights organization. The AHA thought that animals could be used in experiments, but some members disagreed. Many of the staff were fired, including Larry Andrews, Marcia Glaser, Helen Jones, and Fred Myers. These people set up HSUS in Washington, DC. At first, it was called the "National Humane Society". This organization focused on national policy. Their first goal was to get laws about humane slaughter passed.
In 1958, the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act passed. This law required slaughterhouses to use humane slaughter methods.
In 1961, HSUS employee Frank McMahon began an investigation of dog dealers around the United States. In February 1966, "Life" magazine published an article about some of the poor conditions he found. Tens of thousands of Americans read the article and wrote letters to Congress members, asking them to protect animals more. Later that year, the U.S. Congress approved the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act.
In 2005, HSUS started an Animal Protection Litigation Section. This is a part of the organization that works with attorneys around the country to participate in legal cases. This group had won approximately three dozen cases by 2015. In 2010, the section estimated that it had filed more than 50 legal actions in 25 states, and won 80% of its cases.
In September 2005, thousands of animals were left behind as people evacuated during Hurricane Katrina. HSUS and other organizations rescued approximately ten thousand animals.
During 2013, HSUS helped to pass 109 state laws to protect animals.
The HSUS has a department that focuses on pets. It also wants to end dog-fighting.
Blockade runners of the American Civil War
The blockade runners of the American Civil War were specially outfitted Confederate ships designed to slip through the blockade of Southern by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. On April 19, 1861, one week after Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, President Abraham Lincoln ordered the blockade. In response, the Confederacy used small fast ships known as blockade runners. During the first two years of the Civil War, the blockade had very limited success. As many as two out of every three ships entering or leaving Southern ports were successful. The Union Navy had to patrol nearly 3,500 miles of seashore along the Atlantic and Gulf coastlines. But as the Union built more ships, the blockade became more effective. As few as 25% of blockade runners were successful later in the war.
The blockade was part of General Winfield Scott's Anaconda Plan to put economic pressure on the Confederacy until it returned to the Union. It was the most ambitious blockade ever attempted in world history. In 1861, the Confederate states had little manufacturing compared to the North. They did not have the capacity to make the weapons and ammunition they needed to wage a war. What they did have was cotton, which was highly profitable because they used slave labor. At the time, the South supplied cotton to both England and France for use in their textile mills. The South needed to export cotton to Europe and import arms and food for its army in return. A successful blockade could severely damage the Confederate government's ability to continue fighting.
President Lincoln issued two proclamations regarding the blockade. On April 19, he declared a blockade of the Southern ports from South Carolina to Texas. On April 27, he issued a second proclamation, extending the blockade to include Virginia and North Carolina. It read:
The proclamation raised an immediate question of whether the action by the seceding states was a rebellion or a war. Legally, based on the United States Constitution it was an armed insurrection "levying war against the United States" which made them guilty of treason. But, in dealing with foreign governments, the U.S. always treated the Confederates as rebels and not belligerents at war with the United States.
Lincoln knew very well the importance of semantics. He treated the act of secession as an act of rebellion against the democratic self-government of a state. In his view a minority of people had taken over the governments in the South because they did not like the way the 1860 presidential election had turned out. This act defied a main principle of democracy, which is a freely elected government. Lincoln stated "It is now for [us] to demonstrate to the world, that those who can fairly carry an election, can also suppress a rebellion."
When Lincoln ordered the blockade, the United States Navy had fewer than 9,000 men. By the end of 1861 it had increased to 24,000 men. The blockade was made up of squadrons of ships set up at different points along the Southern coast line. Each group was responsible to monitor a particular area. Two early victories aided the blockade. In April 1862, Union forces captured Fort Pulaski and Savannah, Georgia. A few weeks later New Orleans was captured. In August of 1865, Mobile, Alabama, the last Confederate port in the Gulf of Mexico fell to Union forces.
At first, blockade running was done by ships of all sizes. The most successful were the steamboats that were put out of work when the war broke out. They could hug the coast and haul their cargoes of cotton to Cuba or The Bahamas and bring back items of lesser value. This collection of mostly small boats worked well at first when the Union Navy could not effectively guard all areas of the coast. So they did not need to be fast or stealthy and the work was fairly easy. The captains knew the coast very well which allowed them to avoid the Union warships. Cotton is gathered in September and shipped during the winter and spring. When the blockade went into effect in April 1961, most of that year's cotton had already been shipped. Only about one-seventh remained for the smaller ships to haul. The 1860 cotton crop had been huge and there was no shortage of cotton either in the Northern states or in England. So there were no great profits to be made or money available to buy war supplies. This worked in favor of the Union even though the blockade was not that effective yet. Still, the blockade runners could make some profit, but not nearly as much as later in the war.
As the war progressed and more Union warships became available for the blockade and the number of available ports became fewer and fewer. But blockade running became more specialized. In 1863, 199 blockade runners arrived in Confederate ports. In 1864 the number grew to 244. In 1865, by the end of the war another 30 had successfully carried their cargoes to Southern ports. More and more this depended on a very special type of ship. They were steamers, built for speed, they had large cargo capacities and had a very low silhouette making them harder to see at a distance. The work was dangerous but a successful trip could gain enormous profits for the crews. They became the South's main outlet for trade with Europe. Without them the Confederacy could not have lasted as long as they did. Risking war with the United States, England secretly built several blockade runners for the South.
Franklin Township, Somerset County, New Jersey
Franklin Township is a township in New Jersey. In 2010, about 62,300 people lived in Franklin.
Valles Marineris
Valles Marineris is a canyon system on Mars. It is long.
Beatboxing
Beatboxing is making percussive noises with the mouth, lips, tongue and voice. Performers try an imitate the sounds of a drum machine. It is used a lot in hip-hop music.
it also includes the use of humming, singing and tapping.
a famous beatboxer is codfish, his famous "no diggity" song is widely heard throughout the beatboxing community.
codfish-no diggity
Golaghmuli Valley
Golaghmuli Valley is a high mountainous valley in Upper Ghizer of Gilgit-Baltistan Pakistan. This valley is situated in the east of Chitral and north of Swat. Golaghmuli Valley is separated from the Chitral and Swat by high mountain passes. To reach Golaghmuli Valley, a person must take the Gilgit-Chitral road west from Gilgit, and then continue his journey straight by Gupis. After Gupis, one continues northwest to reach the Yasin Valley and the straight road goes to Golaghmuli Valley. Golaghmuli Valley has a spectacular natural beauty.
Battle of Stamford Bridge
The Battle of Stamford Bridge took place near the village of Stamford Bridge, East Riding of Yorkshire, in England. On the 25th of September 1066, an English army under King Harold Godwinson fought an invading Norwegian army led by King Harald Hardrada. The English king's brother Tostig Godwinson, joined Hardrada's forces. After a bloody and brutal battle, both Hardrada and Tostig along with a large number of the Norwegians were killed. Godwinson's achieved a complete victory. This battle marks the end of the Viking Age in England. Less than three weeks later, Godwinson's English army was defeated by William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings.
King Edward the Confessor of England died in January 1066 without leaving an heir. This caused a struggle over who would be king after him. A number of claimants from across northwestern Europe each thought they should be the next king. These included the King of Norway, Harald Hardrada. According to the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" the Norwegians assembled a fleet of 300 ships to invade England. The Norwegian army numbered about 11,000 men. Arriving off the English coast in September, Hardrada was joined by forces recruited in Flanders and Scotland by Tostig Godwinson. Tostig was angry with his older brother Harold (who had been elected king by the Witan on the death of Edward). He lost his position as Earl of Northumbria and was exiled in 1065. Tostig had mounted a series of attacks on the Sussex coast England in the spring of 1066. The king believed Tostig's raid on the coast was a sign that William, the Duke of Normandy, was about to invade England.
In the late summer of 1066, the Norwegian-led invaders sailed up the Humber River, then the Ouse before advancing on York. When they landed at Riccall, this was when Godwinson first learned of their invasion. her On 20 September they defeated a northern English army led by Edwin, Earl of Mercia, and his brother Morcar, Earl of Northumbria, at the Battle of Fulford. Following this victory they received the surrender of York. They briefly occupied the city and took hostages and supplies from the city. Then they returned to their ships at Riccall. Hardrada offered peace to the Northumbrians in exchange for their support for his bid for the throne. Then he demanded more hostages from all of Yorkshire.
At this time Godwinson was in Southern England. He was waiting for an invasion from France by the Duke of Normandy. Duke William was another contender for the English throne. Learning of the Norwegian invasion, Godwinson headed north at great speed with his houscarls and as many thegns as he could gather. He made the journey from London to Yorkshire, a distance of about 190 miles, in only four days. Godwinson learned that the Northumbrians had been ordered to send the additional hostages and supplies to the Norwegians at Stamford Bridge. Godwinson hurried on through York to attack them at this place on 25 September. Until the English army came into view, the invaders did not even know there was an English army anywhere in the vicinity.
No one is certain of the exact location of the battle. There is no abbey, wikt:marker or cross to mark the place. However, an area southwest of the town called "battle flats" may be the actual location of the battle. The Vikings were taken completely by surprise. They were resting in the heat of the day. Hardrada was confident enough that he left one-third of the Viking forces, along with much of the army's armor, at their camp at Riccall. As the English army attacked downhill many of the Vikings were completely unprepared. The main part of the Viking army was on the other side of the bridge. A small Viking force held the approach to the bridge but they were quickly swept aside. According to legend, a single Viking warrior held the narrow bridge against the English for a time. He killed about 40 English warriors before he was killed.
In the fierce fighting that followed, both Hardrada and Tostig were killed. Most of the Vikings at the bridge were killed. Out of the original fleet of 300 ships, there were only enough men left to man 24 ships on the return to Norway. It has been said that before fighting started, Godwinson offered to return his brother's earldom if he would change sides. But Tostig flatly refused.
Stamford Bridge was a major victory for Godwinson. It showed he was a very capable commander. It also demonstrated how well trained his Housecarls were. But Stamford Bridge will always be overshadowed by the Battle of Hastings which took place just under three weeks later. The battle at Stamford Bridge left Godwinson's army very tired and in need of rest. He had lost the forces of his two Earls from the earlier battle. But he received news that Duke William had landed. He quickly marched his tired army down to London, stopping at Waltham Abbey long enough to pray for another victory. On October 12 he was in London trying to find more soldiers to add to his army before facing William at Hastings. On October 14, Godwinson formed his army on the ridge looking down on the battlefield. This started the Battle of Hastings and the end of Anglo-Saxon rule in England.
François Villon
François Villon was a French poet. Villon was born in Paris in 1431, he died after 1463. His real name was likely François de Montcorbier or François des Loges. Today, he is considered the most important poet of the late Middle Ages in France. His parents were poor and died when he was still young; Guillaume de Villon was responsible for his upbringing. In 1455, he changed his name to Villon.
David Gentleman
David Gentleman (born 11 March 1930) is an English artist. He studied at the Royal College of Art and was taught by Edward Bawden and John Nash. He works in watercolour, lithography and wood engraving. Some of his work is very large, such as the platform-length murals for Charing Cross underground station in London. Some of his work is very small, including postage stamps and logos.
His themes include landscape and environmental posters, drawings of street life, and protest placards. He has written and illustrated many books, mostly about countries and cities.
Gampel
Gampel is a village and former municipality in the district of Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2009 the former municipalities of Gampel and Bratsch merged into the new municipality of Gampel-Bratsch.
Gampel-Bratsch
Gampel-Bratsch is a municipality of the district of Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
Weather vane
A weather vane is a device with a freely rotating pointer used to indicate the direction of the wind. Weather vanes served as simple devices for showing the direction of the wind and its speed for centuries. They were a critical tool for agriculture, travel and shipping. They serve a largely decorative function today. They have been replaced by specialized weather instruments.
To work correctly a weather vane should be at the highest point of a building. It needs to be as far away as possible from other things that might interrupt the wind. The simplest form is a horizontal arrow or other form freely rotating on a vertical rod. When the wind blows, the arrow shows the direction and speed. The earliest known weather was made by the astronomer Andronicus in 48 BC. It sat on top of the Tower of the Winds in Athens. It was between and long and was the shape of a head and torso of a man with the tail of a fish.
The word 'vane' comes from the Old English "fana banner". This is related to the Old High German "fano" (cloth); from the Latin "pannus" (cloth or rag).
Tatar Wikipedia
Tatar Wikipedia is the Tatar language edition of Wikipedia. There are an estimated 5.2 million speakers of Kazan Tatar. Many live in Russia and the countries of the former Soviet republics. Most are concentrated in Tatarstan and in Bashkortostan. There are also Tatar speakers in the cities of Moscow, St.Petersburg and elsewhere in Russia. Tatar is the largest of the minority languages spoken in Russia.
The total number of articles written in this wikipedia edition is 69,865. The number of administrators in this wikipedia is 3. There are about 54 active users of this wikipedia out of a total number of 21,495 users.
Arrector pili
Musculus arrrector pili are muscles found at the end of hair in mammals.
Guttet-Feschel
Guttet-Feschel is a municipality of the district of Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
On 1 October 2000 the former municipalities of Feschel and Guttet merged into the new municipality of Guttet-Feschel.
Inden, Switzerland
Inden is a municipality of the district of Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
It is on a high plateau and along the road that runs from Leukerbad to the Gemmi Pass.
Leukerbad
Oberems, Switzerland
Var (river)
The Var () is a river in southeastern France. It is a right tributary of the Rhône river.It gave its name to the French department of Var. It is a unique case in France of a river not flowing in the department named after it (see Var)
The Var river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of .
Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is at Nice (Pont Napoléon III) in the Alpes-Maritimes department.
The source of the Var is in the small town of Estenc, in the "commune" of Entraunes, at an altitude of about , to the south of the Col de la Cayolle, a mountain pass high, in the Alpes-Maritimes department. From here, the Var flows, in general, to the southeast.
The Var flows through the Alpes-Maritimes department for most of its length; it flows through the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department for a short distance, about .
The Var river flows through 1 region (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur), 2 departments and 31 "communes". It flows through the following "communes", among others:
Finally, it flows into the Mediterranean Sea between Nice and Saint-Laurent-du-Var.
The five main tributaries of the Var river are:
Friesian horse
The Friesian horse is a horse breed that originated from the Friesland province of the netherlands.
Beverly Tyler
Beverly Tyler (July 5, 1927 – November 23, 2005) was a US-American singer and actress in American film and television from the 1940s into the 1960s."
Born " Beverly Jean Saul " in Scranton, Pennsylvania, the daughter of a secretary, she was just a teenage girl when she had her singing debut on the localradio. A short time later she moved with her mother to Hollywood and gave her film debut in the 1943 premiere comedy comedy " The Youngest Profession ".
Until 1947 she worked in six feature film s and afterwards only 1950 again a film role. Her last role in a feature film was in the 1958 premiere Thriller " Hong Kong Confidential".
Between 1956 and 1961 she also co-operated in various television series; Including the episode " When Mr. Twilight Died " (original title: " Vengeance ") of the Western series " Bonanza ". Her last appearance in front of the camera was in a Thanksgiving themed episode of the TV series " Hazel ".
In the context of her marriage to Jim Jordan Jr. on May 6, 1962, she completed her career as a film actor and later appeared only on stage at supper clubs and playhouses in Reno, Nevada throughout the 1980s.
Tyler died on 23 November 2005 at the age of 78 years following a lung embolism and was laid to rest in Our Mother of Sorrows Cemetery in Reno, PA.Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed.
Adinath Temple
Adinath temple may refer to:
Irving A. Fradkin
Irving A. Fradkin (March 28, 1921 – November 19, 2016) was an optometrist and founder and president emeritus of Scholarship America.
Fradkin has been called the "Johnny Appleseed" of college scholarships due to his leadership in scholarship access; his work has received national media coverage and government support.
Sharon Lafaye Jones (May 4, 1956 – November 18, 2016) was an American soul and funk singer. She was the lead singer of Sharon Jones & The Dap-Kings, a soul and funk band based in Brooklyn, New York.
Jones died on November 18, 2016 in Cooperstown, New York of complications from pancreatic cancer, aged 60.
António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres, (; born 30 April 1949) is a Portuguese politician and diplomat. He became the Secretary-General of the United Nations in 2017. Guterres was Prime Minister of Portugal from 1995 to 2002, as leader of the Socialist Party. He also served as President of the Socialist International from 1999 to 2005.
He was the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from June 2005 to December 2015, and in October 2016 the United Nations General Assembly elected him by acclamation to become the next United Nations secretary-general. He replaced Ban Ki-moon.
Guterres was born and raised in Lisbon, Portugal. He studied Physics and Electrical Engineering at Instituto Superior Técnico in Lisbon. He graduated in 1971.
He was Assistant Professor teaching Systems Theory and Telecommunications Signals, before leaving academic life to start a political career.
Guterres' political career began in 1974. He became a member of the Socialist Party. He served as the Head of Office of the Secretary of State of Industry (1974 and 1975), Deputy for Castelo Branco in the Portuguese National Parliament (1976–1995) and Leader of the parliamentary bench of the Socialist Party, succeeding Jorge Sampaio (1988).
The Socialist Party won the 1995 parliamentary election. President Mario Soares appointed Guterres as prime minister and his Cabinet took the oath of office on 28 October that year.
Guterres was a popular prime minister in the first years of his office. Portugal had a strong economic expansion which allowed the Socialists to reduce budget deficits while increasing welfare spending and creating new conditional cash transfer programs. Guterres was against homosexuality during his term as Prime Minister. He supported United Nations intervention in East Timor in 1999.
After the 1999 parliamentary election, Guterres was re-appointed for the office and from January to July 2000. This second term in government was not as successful. The Hintze Ribeiro Bridge disaster damaged his authority and popularity. In October 2000, the Parliament approved the decriminalization of drug use (effective from 1 July 2001) and in March 2001, same-sex marriage were legalized.
In December 2001, Guterres resigned to "prevent the country from falling into a political swamp".
Guterres was elected President of Socialist International in November 1999. He remained President of the Socialist International until June 2005.
As High Commissioner, Guterres had more than 10,000 staff working in 126 countries providing protection and helping over 60 million refugees, returnees, internally displaced people and stateless persons.
His time in office was known by a huge organizational reform, cutting staff and administrative costs in the UNHCR's Geneva head office and expanding UNHCR's emergency response capacity during the worst displacement crisis since the World War II.
Guterres appointed American actress Angelina Jolie as his Special Envoy to represent UNHCR and himself at the diplomatic level in 2012.
In early 2015, the General Assembly voted to extend Guterres' mandate by 6½ months to 31 December, on recommendation of United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. Guterres left office on 31 December 2015.
Guterres became United Nations Secretary-General on 1 January 2017, following his formal election by the UN General Assembly on 13 October 2016.
During his first year, Guterres made world peace a first priority. In June 2017, he criticized the Trump administration and said the United States would be replaced from the United Nations if they do not take action on any international issues. Guterres criticized the intervention of Yemen and said a war from this would be "stupid".
In 2018, he called Syria a "living hell" in response to the Bashar al-Assad regime. He praised Trump and Kim Jong-un's summit and called it a "crucial milestone" for nuclear disarmament. In August 2018, Guterres wanted an independent investigation into a Saudi Arabian air strike in Yemen that killed 51 people.
In 1972, Guterres married Luísa Amélia Guimarães e Melo. They had had two children. She died at a London hospital from cancer in 1998.
In 2001, he married his second wife Catarina Marques de Almeida Vaz Pinto.
Christos Sartzetakis
Christos Sartzetakis (; born 6 April 1929) is a Greek jurist and former supreme justice of the Court of Cassation. He was the President of the Third Hellenic Republic from 1985 to 1990.
He was born in Neapoli, Thessaloniki in 1929.
Michael Flynn
Michael Thomas "Mike" Flynn (born December 1958) is a retired United States Army lieutenant general. On January 20, 2017, Flynn became the 25th United States National Security Advisor. He resigned on February 13, 2017. He last served as the 18th Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency, from July 22, 2012 to August 7, 2014.
On November 18, 2016, Flynn accepted president-elect Donald Trump's offer of the position of National Security Advisor.
"The Wall Street Journal" reported on January 22, 2017, that Flynn was under investigation by U.S. counterintelligence agents for his communications with Russian officials. On February 13, 2017, Flynn resigned the position of National Security Advisor.
On December 1, 2017, it was reported that Flynn had accepted a deal with Special Counsel Robert Mueller to plead guilty to a single count, that of "willfully and knowingly" making "false, fictitious and fraudulent statements" to the FBI, a felony.
On November 25, 2020, Flynn was issued a presidential pardon by President Trump. Since being pardoned, Flynn has expressed his support for suspending the United States constitution and the imposition of martial law under President Donald Trump.
Steve Bannon
Stephen Kevin 'Steve' Bannon (born November 27, 1953) is an American campaign manager, businessman and media executive and former Counselor and Senior Adviser to Donald Trump.
He became chief executive officer of the 2016 presidential campaign of Donald Trump in August 2016. Bannon will be be chief strategist and Senior Counselor for the Presidency of Donald Trump. President Trump signed an executive order giving Bannon a seat on the United States National Security Council. He was removed from the National Security Council on April 5, 2017.
Bannon resigned on August 4, 2017, but his resignation became in effect on August 18, 2017.
In August 2020, Bannon was arrested in New York and indicted for fraud in connection with an online fundraising scheme.
Joe Kennedy III
Joseph Patrick "Joe" Kennedy III (born October 4, 1980) is an American lawyer, politician, and a member of the Kennedy family. He was the U.S. Representative for from 2013 to 2021. He is a Democrat whose district stretches from the western suburbs of Boston to the state's South Coast.
He is the son of former U.S. Representative Joseph P. Kennedy II and grandson of Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Skakel Kennedy. He worked as a Peace Corps volunteer and as an assistant district attorney in the Cape and Islands and Middlesex offices before his election to Congress.
On January 30, 2018, Kennedy delivered the Democratic response to President Trump's State of the Union address.
On September 21, 2019, Kennedy announced his plans to run against Ed Markey in the 2020 Massachusetts United States Senate race. He lost the primary to Markey on September 1, 2020, making him the first Kennedy family member to lose an election in Massachusetts.
Adam Kokesh