AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The breeding behavior of eight species in "Indicator" and "Prodotiscus" is known. They are all brood parasites that lay an egg in a nest of another species. Most prefer hole-nesting species, often the related barbets and woodpeckers, but "Prodotiscus" parasitizes cup-nesters such as white-eyes and warblers. Honeyguide nestlings have been known to throw out their host's chicks from the nest. They have hooks on their beaks with which they puncture the hosts' eggs or kill the nestlings.
African honeyguide birds are known to lay their eggs in underground nests of other bee-eating bird species. The honeyguide chicks kill the hatchlings of the host using their needle-sharp beaks just after hatching, much as cuckoo hatchlings do. The honeyguide mother ensures her chick hatches first by internally incubating the egg for an extra day before laying it, so that it has a head start in development compared to the host.
Brood parasitism
Brood parasites are animals, usually birds, which trick other species to raise their young. The best-known example is the cuckoo. Brood parasitism works because the parasite develops faster than the resident eggs, kills its nestmates and turfs them out of the nest. The adult birds cannot tell the difference in the young, and spend their time raising the offspring of another species. In some cases, the parasite has the ability to make the begging cheeps of the host species.
The strength of defences and counter-adaptation rely on the species' ability to evolve. Some host species have very strong rejection defences. This makes the parasitic species evolving to have very close mimicry. But in other species, hosts do not reject the foreign egg. As a result, the parasitic species shows no egg mimicry.
Similar methods are used by some fish and insects.
Diggiloo
Diggiloo is an outdoor summertime show where famous artists tour Sweden. They perform songs accompanied by a live band. It debuted in 2003 with shows only in Båstad. The event became touring in 2004.
Ilha da Queimada Grande
Ilha da Queimada Grande is an island off of the coast of São Paulo state in Brazil. The island has earned the nickname of Snake Island. It is the home of the Golden Lancehead Viper ("Bothrops insularis"), one of the most venomous snakes in the world. The Brazilian Navy bans people from visiting, though some biologists and researchers are able to receive waivers to visit the island.
Sapporo International Ski Marathon
Dolomitenlauf
Gatineau Loppet
The Gatineau Loppet, earlier known as Rivière Rouge, Gatineau 55 and Keskinada Loppet, is a cross-country skiing marathon in Canada. It is usually held in February outside Gatineau in the Québec Province. It was held for first time in 1979 and has been part of Worldloppet since then.
David Usher
David Usher (born April 24, 1966) is an British-born Canadian rock singer-songwriter. He is the lead singer of the alternative rock band Moist.
Usher was born in Oxford, England. He lived in many different places such as Malaysia, New York City, California and Thailand before his family decided to finally settle in Kingston, Ontario. Usher attended high school at Kingston Collegiate and Vocational Institute and he attended Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, British Columbia. He majored in political science. While attending Simon Fraser, Usher formed Moist with guitarist Mark Makowy and keyboardist Kevin Young.
Usher is also a humanist, and he has been involved in causes like War Child Canada, White Ribbon Campaign and Amnesty International. He was featured in the 2001 MuchMusic special "Musicians in the WarZone", a humanitarian documentary which was produced by War Child Canada and was directed by filmmaker Liz Marshall.
with Moist
Ushuaia Loppet
Bieg Piastów
The Bieg Piastów is a cross-country skiing marathon in Poland. It was held for first time in 1976 and is part of Worldloppet since 2008.
The Tuskegee Airmen is the popular name for a group of African-American military pilots (fighter and bomber) who fought in World War II. Formally, they formed the 332nd Fighter Group and the 477th Bombardment Group of the United States Army Air Forces. The name also applies to the crew members and support personnel. Their units were all black and all segregated. They had an outstanding record. As fighter escorts they had the reputation that not a single bomber was lost to enemy action while being escorted by Tuskegee airmen.
The Tuskegee Airmen were the first African-American military aviators in the United States Armed Forces. During World War II, Black Americans in many U.S. states were still subject to the Jim Crow laws. Most Tuskegee pilots were trained at Tuskegee Army Airfield in Tuskegee, Alabama. Training bomber crews took longer than training fighter pilots and the war was won before they finished. Navigators and other crew members trained at various army based in the US.
Demino Ski Marathon
Merino Muster
East London is the northeastern part of London. It is east of the City of London.
It does not have an official definition. The idea has its origins in 1720 as "That part beyond the Tower". By 1950 it was called East London and included all of Greater London east of the City of London and north of the River Thames. This area now makes up the London boroughs of Barking and Dagenham, Hackney, Havering, Newham, Redbridge, Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest. It includes one of the highest ethnic minority populations in the country, mostly families of South Asian origin.
The East End of London is a subset of East London, corresponding to areas closer to the ancient City.
The early development of London eastward was caused by shipping on the River Thames. There were docks and shipbuilding. These industries declined after World War II. Felixstowe is now used as the main container port of southern England. East London is now an area of regeneration.
Areas further east developed in the Victorian and Edwardian eras following the expansion of the railways in the 19th century. In Tower Hamlets the population peaked in 1891 and growth was restricted to the outer boroughs. By 1971 the population had peaked in every borough and the entire area was experiencing population decline. By the time of the 2011 census this had reversed and every borough had some growth in population.
Many famous places like Spitalfields, Brick Lane and Shoreditch are in East London.
Allister is an American punk rock band from Chicago, Illinois.
The band was formed in 1995 under the name Phineas Gage by high school classmates Tim Rogner and John "Johnny" Hamada. Eric "Skippy" Mueller later joined the band in 1996. In 1996, the band changed their name to Allister, to pay tribute to Alasdair Gillis from the Canadian TV show "You Can't Do That on Television". The band released their debut studio album, "Dead Ends and Girlfriends" in 1999 through Drive-Thru Records.
Their second studio album "Last Stop Suburbia" was released on October 1, 2002. Their song "Somewhere On Fullerton" from "Last Stop Suburbia" was featured in the 2003 video game "Disney's Extreme Skate Adventure".
Bio-Dome is a 1996 American stoner comedy movie. It was directed by Jason Bloom. It was produced by Bradley Jenkel, Brad Krevoy, and Steven Stabler. "Bio-Dome" was released on January 12, 1996.
The movie got negative reviews from critics. It has a 5% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Shore co-won a Razzie Award for Worst Actor and was tied with Tom Arnold who had won for "Big Bully", "Carpool" and "The Stupids".
AIDS (MS-DOS)
AIDS is a computer virus that infects .COM and .EXE files. In MS-DOS, the .COM and .EXE files run programs including the operating system. When a computer is infected with this virus, it loads the virus into the computer memory. There, the AIDS virus may infect another .COM or .EXE file each time it is run. AIDS writes on the first 13,952 bytes of an infected executable file. These corrupted files have to be deleted and replaced by non-corrupted backups to remove the virus.
This virus is also known as the "Hahaha virus" in Europe. IBM calls it the "Taunt virus". When an infected computer starts up, it displays a message, with AIDS covering about half of the screen. The system is then halted. It is impossible to recover the original information of the file on the rewritten part.
Gilles Corey
Giles Corey (1621 – September 19, 1692) was accused of witchcraft along with his wife Martha Corey during the Salem Witch Trials. After being arrested for witchcraft, Corey refused to enter a plea of guilty or not guilty. As a result he was pressed to death.
Maha Al Muneef
Maha Al Muneef (Arabic:  مها عبدالله المنيف) is a pediatrician from Saudi Arabia. She specializing in infectious diseases in children. Al-Muneef won an International Women of Courage Award in 2014.
From 2009 to 2013, Al Muneef was a member of Saudi Arabia's Shura Council.
Maha Al Muneef is the executive director of the National Family Safety Program (NFSP) in Saudi Arabia. Al Muneef worked to spread knowledge about domestic violence and child abuse. The NFSP was created in 2005 in order to combat domestic violence and child abuse in Saudi Arabia. The NFSP started support programs, gave information about the numbers of attacks on women and children in Saudi Arabia, and worked to help people who were attacked or hurt.
In August 2013, the Council of Ministers of Saudi Arabia passed a new law to protect people who are attacked or hurt by members of their own family. Al Muneef and the NFSP helped to write the "Protection from Abuse" law. The law describes and explains the meaning of domestic violence and makes it illegal in Saudi Arabia for the first time.
In 2014, Maha Al Muneef received the International Women of Courage Award.
The US President Barack Obama presented the award to Al Muneef during his visit to Riyadh on March 29, 2014. Al-Muneer could not be at the March 4 ceremony in the United States for family health reasons. She received the award in a private ceremony at the Ritz Carlton hotel, where Obama stayed. Obama spoke about the importance of women's rights in Saudi Arabia, and the importance of helping the Saudi king understand this importance. Obama told Al-Muneef he was “so very, very proud of you and grateful for all the work you’re doing here." He added, “I’m looking forward to seeing you do even more wonderful things in the future.”
Swept Away (2002 movie)
Swept Away is a 2002 romantic comedy movie. Madonna plays Amber Leighton. Elizabeth Banks plays Debi. Jeanne Tripplehorn plays Marina.
The movie received bad reviews from the movie critics. It was a box office bomb. It made only $1,036,000, compared to the ten million dollars it cost to make. It received a Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Picture of 2002.
Maureen Dowd (born January 14, 1952) is an American columnist for "The New York Times". She is also a best-selling author. She worked for "Time" magazine in the 1970s and 1980s. She worked for the "Washington Star". She first joined "The New York Times" in 1983.
In 1999, Dowd received a Pulitzer Prize. It was for her series of columns on the Monica Lewinsky scandal in the Clinton administration.
She was born in Washington, D.C..
Nada Se Compara Contigo
Nada Se Compara Contigo ("Nothing Compares to You") is the tenth studio album released by Salvadoran performer Álvaro Torres. It was released on November 19, 1991. The album received a nomination for Latin Pop Album of the Year at the 5th Annual Lo Nuestro Awards.
Ricardo Montaner (album)
Ricardo Montaner is the eponymous debut studio album recorded by Argentine-Venezuelan singer-songwriter Ricardo Montaner, It was released by TH-Rodven in early 1987 (see 1987 in music). It reached #1 on the "Billboard" Latin Pop Albums chart.
© MCMLXXXVI. TH-Rodven Records. Inc.
Chayanne es mi Nombre
Later medieval artists
This a list of later medieval artists. It begins in the 13th century (1200s) and includes famous painters and sculptors.
These artists, before the Renaissance, painted in the style of Greek icons. Their paintings were important to the education of many Renaissance painters, and were to be seen in the churches where the Renaissance painters worked, and worshipped. Often an altarpiece by one of these artists was surrounded by frescoes by the Renaissance painters who lived 150 to 200 years later. A famous "Madonna and Child" by Coppo di Marcovaldo stood above the altar where Masaccio, Masolino and Filippo Lippi painted the walls of the Brancacci Chapel. Giotto, who is thought of as the first Renaissance painter, was educated by Cimabue, one of the great masters of the Late Byzantine style.
Proto-Renaissance artists worked before 1400 in Italy when the Renaissance style was slowly developing.
Artists from many parts of Europe worked in a decorative Gothic style.
County Tyrone
County Tyrone is a county of Northern Ireland. It is in the province of Ulster. Tyrone is the eighth largest county by area on the island of Ireland. It is the largest county by area in Northern Ireland. Tyrone is the tenth largest county by population on the island of Ireland. It is the fourth-largest county by population in Northern Ireland.
The name "Tyrone" come from the Irish "Tír Eoghain", which means ""land of Eoghan"".
County Tyrone is one of the four counties in Northern Ireland to have more people from a Catholic community background. In the year 1900 the population of Tyrone was 197,719. As of the 2011 census, it was 177,986.
Stock (food)
Stock in cooking (cuisine) is a liquid flavoring base for soups and sauces. It is a flavoured liquid preparation, and is the basis of many dishes. The ideas go back to Carême, and were simplified by Escoffier.
A stock is made by simmering animal bones and/or meat, fish, or vegetables in water and/or wine. mirepoix or other aromatics are added for more flavour. Mirepoix is a mixture of onions, carrots, celery, and sometimes other vegetables. Many use ready-made ingredients like Oxo cubes or bouillon cubes. It is possible to make stock more quickly with a pressure cooker.
Fish stock, however, is cooked for only twenty minutes or so.
Stock lasts for three or four days in the fridge, but can be boiled again, and stored again.
Oggy and the Cockroaches is a French animated television series. It was created in 1997 or 1998. The main characters are Oggy, Joey, Marky, Dee Dee and Jack. It is slapstick comedy with a good deal of comic violence. A 5th season has been confirmed and will premiere sometime in 2017.
Lily Serna
Lily Serna (born 5 July 1986) is an Australian mathematician and television presenter. She is best known for co-presenting the SBS game show "Letters and Numbers" from 2010 until 2012 and the cooking show "Destination Flavour" since later 2012.
Serna was born in Jerusalem. She moved to Sydney with her family when she was eight years old.
TACA Airlines
Allegiant Air is an American low-cost airline. Owned by Allegiant Travel Company, it operates scheduled and charter flights. Allegiant Travel Company is a publicly traded company with 1,693 employees and over $2 billion USD in market capitalization. The corporate headquarters are in Enterprise, Nevada, a suburb of Las Vegas.
The Half Sisters is a Philippine television drama series. It is broadcast by GMA Network.
Currying is a technique used in mathematics and computer science that consists of changing a function that takes several arguments into a number of functions that each take one argument. Mathematicians Moses Schönfinkel and Gottlob Frege laid the groundwork for this technique, which is named after Haskell Brooks Curry. Currying is used in Lambda calculus. Some programming languages, such as ML and Haskell say that functions can only have one argument.
Joko Widodo
Joko Widodo (Javanese: ꦗꦑ꧈ꦮꦶꦢꦢ Gêdrìk: "Jåkå Widådå"; O-Javanese: "Jaka Widada"; born 21 June 1961), also known as Jokowi (Javanese: ꦗꦑꦮꦶ), is an Indonesian politician and former businessman.
Jokowi is a member of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P). He started his career as Mayor of Surakarta from 28 July 2005 until 1 October 2012. Then, he was Governor of Jakarta from 15 October 2012 until 16 October 2014. He has been President of Indonesia since 20 October 2014. His Vice President is Jusuf Kalla. Jokowi is running for re-election in the April 2019 presidential election.
Widodo was born in Surakarta, Central Java. He is a Muslim. He has been married to Iriana since 1986. They have three children. He is also a Heavy metal music fan. He graduated from the Faculty of Forestry at the Gadjah Mada University.
Villa Vizcaya
Villa Vizcaya, now named the Vizcaya Museum and Gardens, is the former villa and estate of businessman James Deering. The house is on Biscayne Bay in Coconut Grove Miami, Florida. Deering made the Deering McCormick-International Harvester fortune,
The estate is on the National Register of Historic Places, and is a National Historic Landmark.
The estate property was originally 180 acres (730,000 m) of shoreline mangrove swamps and dense inland native tropical forests. Being a conservationist, Deering sited the development of the estate portion along the shore to conserve the forests. The villa was built mostly between 1914 and 1922. The building of the extensive elaborate Italian Renaissance gardens and the village continued into 1923.
The Vizcaya estate includes the gardens, native woodland landscape and a historic village compound. The landscape and architecture were influenced by Veneto and Tuscan Italian Renaissance models and designed in the Mediterranean Revival architecture style, with Baroque elements. Paul Chalfin was the design director.
Miami-Dade County now owns the Vizcaya property, as the Vizcaya Museum and Gardens, which is open to the public. 'Villa Vizcaya' is served by the Vizcaya Station of the Miami Metrorail.
Law of noncontradiction
The law of non-contradiction is a rule of logic. It states that if something is true, then the opposite of it is false. For example, if an animal is a cat, the same animal cannot be not a cat. Or, stated in logic, if +p, then not -p, +p cannot be -p at the same time and in the same sense. The law was stated as a principle of mathematical logic by Russell and Whitehead in "Principia Mathematica".
Ravi Zacharias has said most eastern philosophies reject the law of noncontradiction. The law of non-contradiction is found in ancient Indian logic as a rule in the "Shrauta Sutras", the writing of Pāṇini, and the "Brahma Sutras" attributed to Vyasa. It was later elaborated on by medieval commentators such as Madhvacharya. The idea of noncontradiction is rejected in some strands of Buddhism.
Diana DeGarmo
Diana DeGarmo (born June 16, 1987) is an American singer, songwriter and Broadway actress. She became known in 2004 on "American Idol". She began a career in musical theater. She played Angelina in "The Young and the Restless".
DeGarmo was born in Birmingham, Alabama.
NKVD prisoner massacres
The NKVD prisoner massacres were a series of mass executions committed by the Soviet NKVD secret police against prisoners in Eastern Europe during World War II.
The victims were mainly from Poland, Ukraine, the Baltic states, Bessarabia and other parts of the Soviet Union. The Red Army was withdrawing ahead of the German invasion in 1941 ("see Operation Barbarossa"). The death toll came to 100,000 or more. There were nearly 9,000 in the Ukrainian SSR, to 20,000–30,000 in occupied eastern Poland, now western Ukraine, to all Tartar prisoners in Crimea among other places. Not all prisoner victims (150,000 of them in total) were murdered; some were transported into the interior, others were abandoned in prisons or managed to escape because the retreating Soviet executioners could not attend to all of them.
Gave de Pau
The Gave de Pau is a river of south-western France. It is a left tributary of the Adour river.
It takes its name from the city Pau, through which it flows. The word gave is a name given to rivers on the mountains in regions of the western Pyrenees; so, Gave de Pau means "the river of Pau" or "the river that flows through Pau". Many other rivers in the region have the word "gave" as part of their names.
The Gave de Pau has a length of about , including the "Gave de Gavarnie", and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .
Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is at Bérenx, in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department.
Average monthly discharge (m/s) at Bérenx
The Gave de Pau starts in the Cirque de Gavarnie, in the "Parc national des Pyrénées" ("Pyrénées National Park"), in the "commune" of Gavarnie, Hautes-Pyrénées department, at an altitude of about . The upper part of the river is known as "Gave de Gavarnie"; the name "Gave de Pau" is given to the river after the Gave de Gavarnie joins the Bastan river at Luz-Saint-Sauveur.
The Gave de Pau receives its main tributary, the Gave d'Oloron, in Peyrehorade and, from there, it is named as "Gaves Réunis" (United Gaves). Finally, it flows, as a left tributary, into the river Adour in the Landes department, at about of altitude.
The Gave de Pau flows through 90 "communes". It passes through the following regions, departments and "communes":
The tributaries of Gave de Pau with a length greater than are:
Virgin Australia
Virgin Australia is a large Australian airline. It started in 2000. From 2000 until 2011, the airline was called "Virgin Blue". Virgin Australia flies as both a full-service airline and a low-cost airline, like Ryanair or Southwest Airlines. As of 2016, the airline has a fleet of 108 airplanes and flies to Australia, Fiji, Indonesia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Tonga, the United States, the United Arab Emirates and Vanuatu. Virgin Australia is Australia's second largest airline. It is the main competitor for Jetstar Airways and Qantas. In 2014, Virgin Australia bought Tigerair Australia. Virgin Australia became bankrupt in 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic and was bought by Bain Capital in June 2020.
Maiduguri
Maiduguri, also called Yerwa, is the capital and the largest city of Borno State in north-eastern Nigeria. As of 2007, 1,197,497 live in the city. Maiduguri was founded in 1907 as a military outpost by the British. The Islamist group Boko Haram was founded in Maiduguri in 2002. Since it began its insurgency in 2009, the city has been target of many terrorist attacks by the group.
Atlit Yam
Atlit Yam is an ancient neolithic village off of the coast of Atlit, Israel.
A study by Maria Pareschi of the Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology in Pisa says that a volcanic collapse of Mount Etna's Eastern flank which happened 8,500 years ago likely caused a 10-storey (40 m or 131 ft) megatsunami that hit and engulfed some of the Mediterranean coastal cities within hours. Scientists point to the sudden abandonment of the village around the same time as more evidence that the tsunami happened.
A stone semicircle was found which contains seven 600-kilogram (1,320 lb) megaliths. There are cup marks carved into the stones and the stones are around a freshwater spring. It is suggested that it was used for a water ritual. In 2008, there were skeletons of a woman and child found, which revealed the earliest known cases of tuberculosis.
"Red Red Wine" is a pop ballad. It was originally recorded by Neil Diamond. His version reached #62 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in 1968. The single is about a person drinking red wine to forget his problems.
The song was covered by UB40 in August 1983. It peaked at #1 in 1984 in United Kingdom and at #34 in the United States.
It was released again in 1988 in the United States. That time, it hit #1.
Mace Windu
Mace Windu is a fictional character in the Star Wars series.
He was portrayed by Samuel L. Jackson as a Jedi Master in the prequel movies. He was Master of the High Council of the Jedi in episodes I to III. He appears in "", "", and "". He also appears in the computer and television versions of the movies.
In "", Windu is betrayed by Anakin Skywalker, and killed by Supreme Chancellor Palpatine.
Aer Lingus is Ireland's national airline. It is the second largest Irish airline after its main competitor, Ryanair. "Aer Lingus" means "Air Fleet" in the Celtic languages.
The airline began flying in April 1936. At that time, it had only one aircraft. It flew between Dublin and Bristol. As of 2015, the airline has almost 50 airplanes. It flies to about 70 airports in Europe and North America.
No Pads, No Helmets...Just Balls is the first studio album by Canadian pop punk band, Simple Plan. "No Pads, No Helmets...Just Balls" was released on March 19, 2002 through both Atlantic and Lava.
The album debuted at #35 on the "Billboard" 200 and at #8 on the Canadian Albums Chart. The album was certified 2× Platinum by the RIAA.
The album featured the singles "I'm Just a Kid", "I'd Do Anything", "Addicted", and "Perfect".
Government of Ontario
The Government of Ontario is the provincial government of Ontario, Canada. There are several parts of Ontario's government. The Queen of Canada, Elizabeth II, is represented by the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario. The Legislative Assembly of Ontario is a unicameral body with 107 members. A cabinet, called the Executive Council of Ontario, is formed from members of the Assembly, usually from the largest party. The cabinet is headed by the Premier of Ontario.
The current premier is Doug Ford.
Legislative Assembly of Ontario
The Legislative Assembly of Ontario is the legislature of the province of Ontario, Canada. It has the second largest number of members out of the provincial legislatures of Canada. It meets at the Ontario Legislative Building in Toronto, the provincial capital.
The Assembly was created in 1867 by the British North America Act. The Assembly is unicameral, meaning there is no upper house. There are 124 members of the assembly, who are called Members of Provincial Parliament (MPPs). Each member is elected from one electoral district. The party with the most members gets to choose the Premier of Ontario, who leads the government, and the Executive Council of Ontario, which is the cabinet. The leader of the second largest party in the assembly becomes the Leader of the Opposition.
The current assembly was elected in the 2018 Ontario general election. The members that were elected are part of the 42nd Parliament of Ontario.
The following table shows how many seats each political party has in the legislature. Some seats changed after the election. Three Progressive Conservative MPPs left the PCs and became independent politicians. They were Jim Wilson, Amanda Simard, and Randy Hillier.
Chandra X-ray Observatory
The Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO) is a space telescope launched by NASA on July 23, 1999.
Chandra is sensitive to X-ray sources 100 times fainter than any previous X-ray telescope. This is done by the high angular resolution of its mirrors. Since the Earth's atmosphere absorbs the vast majority of X-rays, Earth-based telescopes cannot detect them. Space-based telescopes are needed to make these observations. Chandra is an Earth satellite in a 64-hour orbit, and its mission is ongoing as of 2015.
Chandra is one of the Great Observatories, with the Hubble Space Telescope, Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (1991–2000), and the Spitzer Space Telescope. The telescope is named after Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.
Austrian Airlines is the largest airline of Austria. Its main hub is the Vienna International Airport. It was founded on May 3, 1923. Austrian bought its first jet aircraft in 1963. Austrian joined the Star Alliance on March 26, 2000. The Government of Austria sold the airline in 2008. Lufthansa bought Austrian Airlines in 2009. In April 2015, Austrian Airlines was combined with Tyrolean Airways.
Miami International Airport
Miami International Airport (MIA) is the largest airport in passenger and size terms in the US state of Florida. It's historic name was Wilcox Field.
The airport is one of the busiest airports in the United States. This is mainly because of Miami's closeness to all of Florida's tourist attractions, the city's economic activity, and its large Latin American and European population.
These airlines fly to and from Miami:
Pan American World Airways
Pan American World Airways, or "Pan Am", was once the largest airline of the USA. The crash of Pan Am Flight 103 and several other factors led to the airline to stop flying in 1991.
Pan Am was founded in 1926. Its first flights were from Key West, Florida to Havana, Cuba. During the 1920s and 1930s, Pan Am bought several smaller airlines in Central America and South America. These were bought to help Pan Am expand its flights throughout The Americas. Pan Am became the first airline to circumnavigate the world in 1942. By the 1950s, Pan Am had several larger airplanes like the Boeing 377, Douglas DC-6 and the Lockheed Constellation. It went to cities all across the world. In 1959, Pan Am bought its first jet - the Boeing 707. In 1970, Pan Am introduced its first widebody jet - the Boeing 747.
In 1980, Pan Am was combined with National Airlines. This was because Pan Am wanted to fly domestic flights and the government didn't allow it. When Pan Am bought National, it could finally fly domestically. In the 1980s, Pan Am started having many financial problems, having paid too much to buy National Airlines. Pan Am also spent too much money on the new Boeing 747s. The Gulf War of 1990 also caused many problems with Pan Am's transatlantic flights. Pan Am declared bankruptcy in January 1991. Delta Air Lines bought small parts of Pan Am and tried to help it. However, on December 4, 1991 Pan Am stopped flying due to the big financial problems. United Airlines got many of Pan Am's old flights. American Airlines got Pan Am's Miami hub. Pan Am was resurrected twice in 1996 and 1998.
OGPU
OGPU was the secret police of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1934. It was after the Cheka and before the NKVD. Its official name was the Joint State Political Directorate.
The OGPU was theoretically supposed to operate with more restraint than the original Bolshevik secret police, the Cheka. The OGPU's powers were greatly increased in 1926, when the Soviet criminal code was amended to include a section on "anti-state terrorism". The law were vaguely written and very broadly interpreted. Even before then, it set up tribunals to try the most exceptional cases of terrorism, usually without calling any witnesses. In time, the OGPU's powers grew even greater than those of the Cheka.
Perhaps its most spectacular success was the Trust Operation of 1924–1925. OGPU agents contacted émigrés in western Europe and pretended to be on a large group working to overthrow the communist regime, known as the "Trust". Exiled Russians gave the Trust large sums of money and supplies, as did foreign intelligence agencies. The Trust finally succeeded in luring one of the leading anti-Communist operators, Sidney Reilly, into Russia to meet with the Trust. Once he was in Russia, he was captured and killed. It was a great propaganda success.
From 1927 to 1929, the OGPU engaged in intensive investigations of an opposition coup. Stalin soon made a public decree that any and all opposition views should be considered dangerous and gave the GPU the authority to seek out hostile elements. There were many trials during Stalin's Five Year Plan.
The OGPU was responsible for the creation of the Gulag system. It also became the Soviet government's arm for the persecution of the Russian Orthodox Church, the Greek Catholics, the Latin Catholics, Islam and other religious organizations. The OGPU was also the main secret police agency for the detection, arrest, and liquidation of anarchists and other dissident left-wing factions in the early Soviet Union.
The OGPU was merged into the newly created all-union People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD) in July 1934. Its last change was into the more widely known Committee for State Security (KGB).
Copa Airlines is the national airline of Panama.
Copa Airlines was founded in 1947. Its first international flights began in the 1970s. They went to airports in Colombia, Costa Rica and Jamaica.
In 1998, Copa Airlines began an agreement with Continental Airlines. Copa Airlines also changed its logo.
As of March 2015, the airline was flying almost 100 airplanes to 69 cities in the Americas.
Aeroflot is the national airline of the Russian Federation. It's one of the oldest airlines in the world. It has been flying for over a century.
Aeroflot began in 1923 in the Soviet Union. Much of Aeroflot's history was kept secret once the Cold War began and Aeroflot had to stop flying to the United States.
Throughout the 1960s, 70s and 80s, Aeroflot and many Eastern Bloc airlines suffered many air crashes due to old and poor Russian airplanes. Those were the only ones Aeroflot and those airlines could use. However, Aeroflot was the world's largest airline until the 1980s. After the Soviet Union ended in 1991, Aeroflot began modernizing its fleet and buying more Western airplanes, like the Airbus A300 and Boeing 767. By 1991, Aeroflot started going to the United States. Aeroflot is member of aviation alliance SkyTeam. As of 2015, Aeroflot was flying to 150 cities in 52 countries.
Interjet is a low-cost airline based in Mexico begun in 2005. Mexico City International Airport is Interjet's hub. Interjet mainly flies Airbus A320 and Sukhoi Superjet airplanes from Mexico to the USA, Central America and South America.
In 2014, Interjet began an agreement with American Airlines and Iberia.
Eastern Air Lines
Eastern Air Lines was one of the largest airlines of the United States. It was founded by Eddie Rickenbacker in 1929. It stopped flying in 1991. Eastern was one of the "Big Four" airlines of the USA, along with American Airlines, United Airlines and TWA.
In 2015, Eastern relaunched flights. The company merged with Swift Air in 2017 stating that, "the transaction is not a purchase of one certificate or merger of two certificates." Eastern's last flight was in September of 2017. Swift completed its asset purchase and all remaining Eastern aircraft were transferred to the Swift certificate. In September 2017 Eastern surrendered its certificate to the FAA. The Eastern name will be transferred to Dynamic International Airways, an airline co-owned by Swift ownership.
Black Sabbath (song)
"Black Sabbath" is a 1970 heavy metal song by the group of the same name. This song was released on their self-titled first studio album. According to them, it was inspired by an experience with Ozzy Osbourne.
Ice-T sampled the song on his 1989 song "Shut Up, Be Happy" and his 1991 song "Midnight". Other musicians have done covers of this song. One of them was Beth Gibbons of Portishead.
Malayo-Polynesian languages
Ohio Players
The Ohio Players were a funk and R&B band from the United States. The group formed in 1959. They were best known for the songs "Fire", "Funky Worm" and "Love Rollercoaster". This group was most popular in the 1970s. They were from Dayton, Ohio.
The group's first big song was "Funky Worm". The song hit the Top 20 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. It also hit #1 on the "Billboard" R&B chart.
They had seven Top 40 songs between 1973 and 1976. The songs included "Fire" in 1975 and "Love Rollercoaster" in 1976.
Still Not Getting Any... is the second studio album by Canadian pop punk band, Simple Plan. "Still Not Getting Any..." was released on October 26, 2004 through both Atlantic and Lava.
The album peaked at #3 on the "Billboard" 200 and at #2 on the Canadian Albums Chart. The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA, selling one million copies.
The album featured the singles "Welcome to My Life", "Shut Up!", "Untitled (How Could This Happen to Me?)", and "Crazy".
Balas y Chocolate
The prisoner's dilemma is a paradox about co-operation. It shows why two "rational" individuals might not co-operate, even if it seems in their best interests. It is studied in game theory.
The police catch two criminals after they committed a crime. The police do not know which person committed the crime and which person just helped. They question the two in separate cells. Each prisoner can either stay silent or betray (hurt) the other by blaming the crime on them. If both stay silent, they only go to jail for 6 months. If one betrays and the other stays silent, the one that stays silent goes to jail for 10 years and the other one does not go to jail at all. If they both betray each other, they each go to jail for 2 years. No matter what happens, the prisoners will never see each other again.
If you are a prisoner in this situation and you only care about yourself, the way to get the smallest sentence is to betray the other prisoner. No matter what, you get a shorter sentence when you betray than when you do not.
If the other prisoner stays silent and does not betray, then betraying means you do not go to jail at all instead of going to jail for 6 months.
If the other prisoner betrays, then betraying lets you go to jail for 2 years instead of 10 years. In other words, it's always best for you to betray, even though the two of you would be better off if you both stayed silent. Betraying the other prisoner is your "dominant strategy" because it is always the best thing for you to do, no matter what the other prisoner does.
The prisoner's dilemma does not have same result if some of the details are different.
Game theory was much studied during the Cold War period. In that case the "players" being studied were the United States and the Soviet Union.
Seguridad Social
Seguridad Social is a Spanish rock music band from Benetússer, Valencia. It was founded in 1982 by José Manuel Casany (also Casañ) (vocalist) and Santiago Serrano (guitar).
Casany met him when he was a member of Paranoicos. After that Serrano left his former band and joined to his friend's group. However they stopped their music career due their military services. Before leaving to go into the armed forces, they signed a contract with Citra label. One year later both returned to the band.
In 1984 Seguridad Social released its first LP: "El desconcierto".
The 90's were a big change for the band. Most of its members left Seguridad Social. They were replaced by Javi Vela (guitar/vocalist), Alex Olías (bass/vocalist) and Rafa Villalba (drummer).
Cædmon's Hymn
Cædmon's "Hymn" is a short Old English poem originally composed by Cædmon. It was about God. It survives in a Latin translation by Bede in his "Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum" and in other dialects written down in several manuscripts of Bede's "Historia". Bede wrote about the poet and his work in the fourth book of his "Historia".
Bede told the story of Cædmon who was an illiterate cow-herder who was suddenly able to recite a Christian song of creation in Old English verse. This miracle happened after Cædmon left a feast when they were passing a harp around for all to sing a song. He left the hall after feeling ashamed that he could not contribute a song. Later in a dream he said a man appeared to him and asked him to sing a song. Cædmon responded that he could not sing. But the man told him that he could and asked him to “Sing to me the beginning of all things.” Cædmon was then able to sing verses and words that he had not heard of before. Cædmon then reported his experience first to a steward then to Hild the abbess. She invited scholars to evaluate Cædmon’s gift. Cædmon was sent home to turn more divine doctrine into song. The abbess was so impressed with the success of his gift that she told him to become a monk. Cædmon lived a long and very productive life as a monk. He created songs from all kinds of Church history and doctrine.
The text has been set to music by a number of composers of choral music. Graham Keitch used Bede's translation for a motet which was commissioned to mark the 1100th anniversary of the death of the Anglo Saxon queen, Aethelflaed. It was first sung during the commemorative Evensong for Queen Aethelflaed which took place in Gloucester Cathedral, June 12th 2018.
Kingsville, Texas
Kingsville is a city in Texas. It is the county seat of Kleberg County in Texas. It was founded in 1904. The population was 26,312 in 2013. Kingsville has an area of 13.8 square miles.
In law, an appeal is the process in which legal cases are reviewed. An appeal is made to a higher court than the one that made the initial judgment. This is usually an appeals court. In turn, appeals court decisions may be appealed in a supreme court. The person pursuing an appeal is called an appellant.
When a lower court judgement is filed, the losing party (appellant) must file a notice of appeal. The appellant must give the appeals court legal reasons for reversing the decision of the lower court. Usually the legal argument includes legal precedents that relate to this case. The other party, called a respondent or appellee files a brief that counters the claims of the appellant. In turn, the appellant may counter the response of the appellee with a final brief. Then, if the appeals court agrees to hear the case each party argues their case before the court. The appeals court may sustain the original court ruling. They may also reverse the decision sending it back to the lower court. No new evidence is introduced in an appeals court.
Phil Lynott
Philip Parris "Phil" Lynott (20 August 1949 – 4 January 1986) was an Irish musician. He was born in West Bromwich, Staffordshire, England and raised in Dublin, Ireland from age four. His mother was businesswoman Philomena Lynott. He was a rock bass guitarist and singer, and the leader of the rock band Thin Lizzy.
Lynott started Thin Lizzy in 1969, and they continued until 1983. He also made two solo albums in the early 1980s. They were famous for their songs "The Boys Are Back in Town", "Waiting for an Alibi", "Whisky in the Jar" and "Jailbreak". He also worked with Gary Moore.
Lynott had problems with drugs and alcohol in his final years. On 25 December 1985, he collapsed and was sent to clinic in Wiltshire, England. He was diagnosed with septicaemia. He died of pneumonia and heart failure in Salisbury, Wiltshire on 4 January 1986. He was 36.
A femdom or female dominant refers to BDSM relationships where the dominant partner is female. An increasing number of men find playing a submissive role with a femdom appealing. A femdom may have other names including: "dominatrix", "mistress" or "madame". The term may depend on her personal preference.
Get Your Heart On! is the fourth studio album by Canadian pop punk band, Simple Plan. "Get Your Heart On!" was released on June 21, 2011 through both Atlantic and Lava. It was also released on 17 June 2011 in countries like Australia and the Netherlands.
The album peaked at #52 on the "Billboard" 200 and at #2 on the Canadian Albums Chart.
The album featured the singles "Can't Keep My Hands off You", "Jet Lag", "Astronaut", and "Summer Paradise".
Festival Song
"Festival Song" is the fourth and last single single off American pop punk band Good Charlotte's self-titled second studio album. The song was released in 2001.
Joel Madden of Good Charlotte said that the song was about the HFStival, which is a rock festival. He explained:
"I grew up coming to the HFStival. . . I wrote this song about being here, how we wanted to quit our jobs to be in a band. We have all our friends, the fans and the radio support right here."
Mexicana de Aviacion
Mexicana de Aviacion was one of the largest airlines of Mexico. It was one of the oldest airlines in the world. It began flying in 1921. It stopped flying in August 2010.
Mexicana began in 1921 at Tampico. At first, it only carried mail. By the early 1930s, Mexicana was almost entirely owned by Pan American World Airways. In the late 1920s, Mexicana started flying to airports in Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador and Guatemala. Mexicana was also the first international airline to begin flights to Los Angeles International Airport.
By the 1960s, Mexicana's main competitor was Aeroméxico. Mexicana almost went into bankruptcy. Mexicana got its first Boeing 727 in 1969. However, two of its Boeing 727s crashed in 1969. The accidents killed some people.
In the 1990s, Aeroméxico and Mexicana formed an agreement. Mexicana started flying the Airbus A320 family in 1991.
Mexicana kept growing. It eventually became one of the largest airlines in North America. In August 2010, Mexicana filed for bankruptcy. The company ended a few weeks later. Mexicana has never flown since then.
Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous is an American television series. The show ran from March 31, 1984 until September 2, 1995. It was created by Alfred M. "Al" Masini. The show featured the lifestyles of rich and famous celebrities.
The show was hosted by Robin Leach. After Leach was joined by Shari Belafonte in 1994, the show was renamed to Lifestyles with Robin Leach and Shari Belafonte. The show ended with Leach's catchphrase "champagne wishes and caviar dreams." David Greenspan narrated most of the segments for the show's run and he could be heard narrating when Leach did not appear on camera.
Burlington Coat Factory
Burlington Coat Factory is a coat factory/store/warehouse established in 1924. It was called "Burlington Coat/Fine Clothing Factory Warehouse for the Entire Family" in 1924-1984 and "The Original Burlington Coat Factory" in 1984-2011.
It is an American national off price retailer, with 523 stores in 44 states and Puerto Rico, with its corporate headquarters in Burlington Township, New Jersey.
Kuwait Airways is Kuwait's national airline. It began in 1954. It has grown very fast. It is one of the largest airlines in the Middle East. It flies to 42 cities in different countries.
Kuwait Airways has 22 aircraft (with 4 more on order). The average age of their aircraft is 17.4 years.
Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous (song)
"Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous" is the first single off American pop punk band Good Charlotte's second studio album, "The Young and the Hopeless". The song was released in September 6, 2002.
On the "Billboard" charts, the song was able to peak at #20 on the Hot 100 and #6 on the Top 40 Mainstream.
In 2003, the song won a MTV Video Music Award for "Viewer's Choice". It was also the winner of a Kerrang! Award for Best Single.
"The Anthem" is the second single off American pop punk band Good Charlotte's second studio album, "The Young and the Hopeless". The song was released in January 2003.
On the "Billboard" charts, the song was able to peak at #43 on the Hot 100 and #10 on the Hot Modern Rock Tracks.
In 2004, the song won "Best Rock Video" at the MTV Video Music Awards Japan.
The song has appeared on the soundtracks to the video games "Madden NFL 2003", "Project Gotham Racing", "Elite Beat Agents", and the North American release of "Donkey Konga 2".
IC 342/Maffei Group
The IC 342/Maffei Group (also known as the "IC 342 Group" or the "Maffei 1 Group") is the nearest group of galaxies to the Local Group. The group is basically a binary group. The member galaxies are mostly concentrated around either IC 342 or Maffei 1, which are the brightest galaxies in the group.
The group, and the Local Group, are in the Virgo Supercluster (i.e. the Local Supercluster).
The Princess Bride (movie)
The Princess Bride is a 1987 American romantic comedy fantasy adventure movie. It was directed and co-produced by Rob Reiner. It was adapted by William Goldman from his 1973 novel of the same name. The story is presented in the movie as a book being read by a grandfather (Peter Falk) to his sick grandson (Fred Savage). This kept the book's narrative style. This movie is number 50 on Bravo's "100 Funniest Movies". It is number 88 on The American Film Institute's (AFI) "AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions" list of the 100 greatest film love stories. In the United States, "The Princess Bride" has become a cult movie.<ref name="http://www.filmjerk.com/news/article.php?id_new=489"></ref> The film was well-loved by critics.
A grandfather visits his grandson, who is sick and must stay at home. The grandfather reads him a story, and says it is full of fighting, torture, revenge, giants, monsters, chases, escapes, true love, and miracles. The grandson does not believe it will be good but agrees to try and stay awake, and sometimes interrupts as his grandfather tells the story.
A beautiful young woman named Buttercup lives on a farm, in a land called Florin. Whenever she tells the farmhand Westley to do some work, he always does the work and his only answer is "As you wish." She eventually realizes that he truly means "I love you" and she realizes that she loves him too. He is poor and they do not have enough money to get married. He leaves to seek his fortune, but his ship is attacked by a famous pirate, the Dread Pirate Roberts, who is known for never taking prisoners, and Westley is believed dead.