AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
A son of the Varangian (Viking) Grand Prince Vladimir the Great, he was vice-regent of Novgorod at the time of his father’s death in 1015. His oldest surviving brother, Svyatopolk the Accursed, killed three of his other brothers and took power in Kiev. Yaroslav, with the support of the Novgorodians and the help of Varangian mercenaries, defeated Svyatopolk. He became the Grand Prince of Kiev in 1019. Yaroslav started to write down the legal customs. This served as the basis for a law code called the Russkaya Pravda ("Russian Justice"). During his long reign, Rus' reached the height of its cultural flowering and military power.
Lithuanian–Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
Lithuanian–Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic or Litbel was a Soviet socialist republic. It was in the territories of modern Belarus and eastern Lithuania. It existed for about seven months during 1919. It was formed after the merger of Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia. The republic was went away after the Polish Army took over its claimed territory of eastern Lithuania during the Polish–Soviet War.
Belarusian People's Republic
The Belarusian People's Republic, historically called the White Ruthenian Democratic Republic, was a self-declared independent Belarusian state. They said they were independent in 1918. It is also called the "Belarusian Democratic Republic" or the "Belarusian National Republic". This is to be separate from the Communist People's Republics. The BNR was recognized by several Central Powers and former Russian countries. It was not recognized by most of the international community. They country ended when Belarus went under Soviet control. The Belorussian SSR was founded in 1919.
The leaders of the government went into exile. They still say the Belarusian People's Republic is a country.
Chairmans of the Council of BNR:
William Haines (Australian politician)
William Clark Haines (1810–3 February 1866) was the first Premier of Victoria. He served two terms as premier, the first from 30 November 1855 to 25 August 1856, and a second term from 29 April 1857 to 10 March 1858.
Born in London, Haines attended Charterhouse school, and then Cambridge University where he studied surgery. He moved to Victoria in 1842, and started farming around Geelong. After selling the farms in the 1850's he became a magistrate and was appointed to Victoria's Legislative Council. He helped to write the Victorian Constitution. In December 1854 he became the Colonial Secretary, and assisted the Governor of Victoria, Sir Charles Hotham.
The British government passed the Victorian Constitution Act in 1855. Hotham was convinced to hand his power over as soon as possible. Haines and three other council members were made government ministers with the job of organizing the change to self-government. Haines was appointed by Hotham to be the Chief Secretary of Victoria and act as Premier until the elections could be orgaized. He resigned when several of the ministers wanted the elections by secret ballot. He thought this would increase corruption and bribery. He was reappointed when the Council decided that it, not the ministers should make the decision. He was the Chief Secretary until the first election in November 1856. After the election, as a member of the new Legislative Assembly, Haines became Premier until his government was defeated in 1857 by a group led by Sir John O'Shanassy. The O'Shanassy government was soon defeated and Haines again became Premier. In 1858 he was defeated during arguments about how the electorates should be divided.
Haines traveled to the USA and Europe. On his return to Victoria in October 1860, he was again elected to the parliament, and became Treasurer in O'Shanassey's government. After losing his seat in 1863, he was appointed to the Legislative Council.
The Polish–Soviet War (February 1919 – March 1921) was an armed conflict between Soviet Russia and Soviet Ukraine against the Second Polish Republic and the Ukrainian People's Republic. It was for control of what is present day Ukraine and parts of present-day Belarus.
A formal peace treaty, the Peace of Riga, was signed on 18 March 1921. It divided the land between Poland and Soviet Russia. Much of the land given to Poland became part of the Soviet Union after World War II.
West Belarus
West Belarus is the name used to mean to the land of modern Belarus which belonged to the Second Polish Republic between 1919 and 1939.
The land is Hrodna and Brest voblasts. It is also parts of today's Minsk and Vitsebsk oblasts. The historical population of West Belarus included Belarusians, Poles, Lithuanians, Jews, and Russians.
Neman River
Neman or Niemen or Nemunas is a major Eastern European river. It starts in Belarus and flows through Lithuania before draining into the Curonian Lagoon and then into the Baltic Sea at Klaipėda. It is the northern border between Lithuania and Russia's Kaliningrad Oblast in its lower reaches. It also very briefly forms part of the border between Lithuania and Belarus. It is the largest river in Lithuania and the 3rd largest in Belarus. People are able to travel on it for most of its 900-kilometer length. Its depth varies from one meter to five meters.
The Neman tributaries are:
the rivers Neris (Viliya), the Shchara, and the Šešupė, Svisloch, Nevėžis River, Dubysa, Jūra, Minija, Western Berezina, Zelvyanka, Molchad, Roś, Servech, Losha, Gorodnichanka and others.
The following fish have been found in the Neman: perch, pike, zander, roach, tench, bream, rudd, ruffe, and bleak. Its tributaries also contain stone loach, the three-spined stickleback, minnows, trout, sculpins, gudgeon, dace and chub.
Atlantic salmon used to migrate upstream to spawn. The dams on the river made there be less. The dam at Kaunas does not provide fish ladders.
Pripyat River
The Pripyat River or Prypiat River is a river in Eastern Europe. It is about long. It flows east through Ukraine, Belarus, and Ukraine again. It drains into the Dnieper.
The Pripyat passes through the zone of alienation around the Chernobyl reactor, site of the nuclear disaster. It is polluted with radionuclides. The amount of caesium-137 in river sediments continues to go up. The city of Prypiat, Ukraine (population 45,000) was completely evacuated after the Chernobyl disaster.
Dzyarzhynskaya Hara
Dzyarzhynskaya Hara is the highest point in Belarus. The hill is 345 meters (1,130 ft) above sea level. It is west of Minsk, near Dzyarzhynsk, in the village Skirmuntava. The original name of the hill was Svyataya Hara. In 1958 the hill was renamed "Hara Dzyarzhynskaya", after Felix Dzerzhinsky, the founder of the NKVD/KGB.
SMK Jalan Damai
Jalan Damai Secondary School or simply SMK Jalan Damai, is a national secondary school located in Kampung Baru, Penang, Malaysia. It has about 2370 students and 120 teachers.
SMK Jalan Damai, Bukit Mertajam was founded on 5th January 1970. At that time, it was known as Sekolah Menengah Rendah, Bukit Mertajam (the Lower Secondary School, Bukit Mertajam) with a total of 717 students and 29 teachers (including a religious teacher and a principal Mr. A. Gopala Krishnan).During that time, the official buildings were still under construction, so the students had to share facilities and spaces with Sekolah Tinggi Bukit Mertajam (Bukit Mertajam High School) in the afternoon session. At the end of 1973, the new buildings (14 classrooms, 3 science labs, 2 domestic science rooms, industrial arts workshop and canteen) were completed on Jalan Damai, Bukit Mertajam. On the 7th of January 1974, 602 students moved to the new buildings.
In December 2020, SMK Jalan Damai has changed principle again. The new principle's name is Dr. Ooi Yek Hwa. He succeeded the job from Mr Lee Cheah Kuen. Mr Lee Cheak Kuen retired on December 2020.
Governor of Victoria
The Governor of Victoria represents the head of state, Elizabeth II in the Australian state of Victoria. The Governor performs the same tasks at the state level as the Governor-General of Australia at the national level. The Governor's office and official residence is Government House in central Melbourne.
The current Governor of Victoria is a former judge, Linda Dessau.
In a Westminster system of parliamentary government, the Governor nearly always acts on the advice of the head of the elected government, the Premier of Victoria. However, the Governor retains the reserve powers of the Crown, and has the right to dismiss the Premier.
There is also a Lieutenant-Governor and an Administrator. The Chief Justice of Victoria is the Administrator, unless he or she is the Lieutenant-Governor, in which case, the next most senior judge is the Administrator. The Lieutenant-Governor takes on the job of the Governor when that post is vacant, when the Governor is out of the State, or is unable to act. The Administrator takes on those duties if both the Governor and Lieutenant-Governor are unable to act.
The first Australian (and Victorian) born Governor of Victoria was Sir Henry Winneke (appointed 1974). Apart from Dr Davis McCaughey (b. Ireland), Professor David de Kretser (b. Ceylon) and Alex Chernov (b. Lithuania), all governors since 1974 have been born in Australia.
Before 1855, the Governor-General of New South Wales appointed Lieutenant-Governors to Victoria.
Alex Chernov
Alex Chernov AC QC (born 12 May 1938) was the Governor of Victoria from 2011 through 2015.
Chernov was born in Lithuania to Russian parents, and moved with his family to Salzburg, Austria where he started school. In 1949 his family moved to Australia and he completed his schooling at Melbourne High School. He studied commerce (business) and law at the University of Melbourne during the 1960s.
Chernov became a barrister in 1968, practising mostly in commercial law and equity. He was made a Queen's Counsel in 1980. He was Chairman of the Victorian Bar 1985–86, Vice-President of the Australian Bar Association 1986–87 and President of the Law Council of Australia 1990–91. He was Vice President of LawAsia 1995–1997.
He wrote a book with Robert Brooking AO, "Tenancy Law and Practice: Victoria" (1972) and edited the second edition (1980).
In May 1997 he was appointed to the Trial Division of the Supreme Court of Victoria, and in October 1998 to the Court of Appeal. He retired in February 2008.
He was elected the 20th Chancellor of the University of Melbourne in January 2009, serving in that office until he resigned to become Governor of Victoria.
On 21 February 2011, it was announced that he would become the 28th Governor of Victoria. He took officee on 8 April 2011.
Chernov is married with three children.
Chernov was appointed Queen's Counsel in and for the State of Victoria in 1980.
Chernov was created an Officer of the Order of Australia in the 2007 Queen's Birthday Honours list for service to the law and education.
On 26 January 2011, Chernov was named a Companion of the Order of Australia.
Yellow-billed magpie
The yellow-billed magpie ("Pica nuttalli") is a species of magpie, a type of songbird. It is a medium-sized member of the crow family with glossy black and white plumage and a yellow beak. The yellow-billed magpie lives only in California where it can be found in dry and warm oak savannah and shady valleys along the Central Valley. It is an omnivorous species: Insects and seeds are its main food, but it also takes carrion, small vertebrates and eggs. The breeding season of the yellow-billed magpie starts in April and it takes until the end of June for all chicks to fledge. The birds breed in loose colonies of 3−30 nests and they feed in flocks of several dozens.
John James Audubon was the first person to formally describe the yellow-billed magpie. He named it ""Corvus nuttalli"" to honor the naturalist Thomas Nuttall. Within the genus "Pica", the species is closest to the North American black-billed magpie ("P. hudsonia"). Both species share a common ancestor that migrated from Kamtchatka to Alaska some time in the Pleistocene. Black-billed and yellow-billed magpie diverged as a result of the glaciation of the Rocky Mountains. The yellow-billed yagpie became isolated in the warm climate of California and adapted to it. The species' population was hit hard by the outbreak of the West Nile Virus after 1999. It is currently not considered as endangered, but the virus and the degradation of its habitat pose a serious threat to some populations.
Ealing Broadway station
Ealing Broadway railway station is a station of the London Underground and National Rail.
Hayes &amp; Harlington railway station
Hayes & Harlington railway station is a railway station in London.
Heathrow Terminals 1, 2, 3 tube station
Heathrow Terminals 1, 2, 3 is a station of the London Underground. It is at Heathrow Airport and serves terminals 1, 2 and 3 of the airport. It is on the Heathrow branch of the Piccadilly Line.
William Hogarth (10 November 1697 – 26 October 1764) was an English painter, printmaker, pictorial satirist, social critic and editorial cartoonist.
He is said to have started western sequential art. His work ranged from realistic portraits to comic strip-like series of pictures called "modern moral subjects". His work is so well known that satirical political illustrations in this style are often referred to as "Hogarthian".
In 1731, he completed a series of moral works which made him recognised as a great and original genius. This was "A Harlot's Progress". It was first done as paintings, which are now lost. Then the series was published as engravings. In the six scenes, the fate of a country girl who became a prostitute in town is traced out. At the start, the girl meets a bawd, a woman who persuades her to take up prostitution. At her shameful end, the girl dies of venereal disease and there follows a merciless funeral ceremony. The engraving show vivid scenes of drunken and loose behaviour. The series was an immediate success.
"A Rake's Progress" showed in eight pictures the reckless life of Tom Rakewell, the son of a rich merchant. Tom wastes all his money on luxurious living, whoring, and gambling, and dies in Bedlam. The original paintings of "A Rake's Progress" is displayed in the gallery room at Sir John Soane's Museum, London.
In 1743–1745 Hogarth painted the six pictures of "Marriage à-la-mode" (National Gallery, London), a pointed skewering of upper class 18th century society. This moralistic warning shows the miserable tragedy of an ill-considered marriage for money. This is regarded by many as his finest project and may be among his best planned story serials. Marital ethics were the topic of much debate in 18th century Britain. Marriages of convenience, and their unhappiness, came in for particular criticism.
The series shows the story of the fashionable marriage of the son of bankrupt Earl Squanderfield to the daughter of a rich but miserly city merchant. It starts with the signing of a marriage contract at the Earl's mansion and ending with the murder of the son by his wife's lover, and the suicide of the daughter after her lover is hanged at Tyburn.
In the twelve prints of "Industry and Idleness" (1747) Hogarth showed the lives of two apprentices, one of whom is dedicated and hard working, the other idle. The industrious apprentice becomes Sheriff and Lord Mayor of London. The idle turns one to crime. In the end, he is executed at Tyburn. The idle apprentice is sent to the gallows by the industrious apprentice himself.
This shows the work ethic of Protestant England, where those who work hard get rewarded, and those who do not end badly,
"Beer Street" and "Gin Lane" (1751) was his warning on alcoholism. They were two engravings designed to be seen side by side. Hogarth engraved "Beer Street" to show a happy city drinking the 'good' beverage of English beer. On the other side was "Gin Lane". This showed the effects of drinking gin which, as a harder liquor, caused more problems for society. People are shown as healthy, happy and prosperous in "Beer Street", while in "Gin Lane" they are scrawny, lazy and careless.
The woman at the front of "Gin Lane" who lets her baby fall to its death, echoes the tale of Judith Dufour who strangled her baby so she could sell its clothes for gin money. The prints were published in support of what would become the Gin Act of 1751.
Hogarth's friend, the magistrate Henry Fielding, may have got Hogarth to help with propaganda for the Gin Act: "Beer Street" and "Gin Lane" were issued shortly after Fielding's work "An Enquiry into the Causes of the Late Increase of Robbers, and Related Writings".
Other prints were his outcry against inhumanity in "The Four Stages of Cruelty" (published 21 February 1751). Hogarth depicts the cruel treatment of animals, and suggests what will happen to people who carry on in this manner. In the first picture there are scenes of torture of dogs, cats and other animals. The second shows one of the characters from the first painting, Tom Nero, has now become a coach driver, and his cruelty to his horse has caused it to break its leg. In the third painting Tom is shown as a murderer, with the woman he killed lying on the ground, while in the fourth, titled "Reward of Cruelty", the murderer is shown being dissected by surgeons after his execution. The method of execution, and the dissection, reflect the 1752 Act of Parliament. This allowed the public dissection of criminals who had been executed for murder.
Hogarth wished to stop "that barbarous (mean) treatment of animals, the very sight of which renders [makes] the streets of our metropolis so distressing to every feeling mind".
"The Humours of an Election" is a series of four oil paintings and later engravings by Hogarth. They show what went on in the 1754 election of a Member of Parliament. The oil paintings were created in 1755.
At this time each constituency elected two MPs, and there was a property qualification for voters, so only a minority of the male population was enfranchised. There was no secret ballot, so bribery and threats were used to raise votes.
The originals are held by Sir John Soane's Museum, London.
Hogarth was also a popular portrait painter. In 1746 he painted actor David Garrick as Richard III. He was paid £200, “which was more,” he wrote, “than any English artist ever received for a single portrait”. In the same year a sketch of Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat, afterwards beheaded on Tower Hill, had an exceptional success.
Hogarth's portrait of his friend, the philanthropic Captain Coram (1740; Thomas Coram Foundation for Children, now Foundling Museum), and his unfinished oil sketch of "The Shrimp Girl" (National Gallery, London) are highly regarded. There are also portraits of his wife and his two sisters and of many others.
Andrew Huxley
Sir Andrew Huxley OM FRS (Andrew Fielding Huxley, 22 November 1917 – 30 May 2012) was an English physiologist and biophysicist.
Huxley was born in Hampstead, London. He was the youngest son of writer and editor Leonard Huxley by his second wife Rosalind Bruce. He was the half-brother of writer Aldous Huxley and fellow biologist Julian Huxley, and grandson of biologist T H. Huxley. He studied Natural Sciences at Trinity College, Cambridge.
Huxley won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Alan Hodgkin and John Eccles for his experimental and mathematical work with Alan Hodgkin on the basis of nerve action potentials. These are the electrical impulses that make nerve fibres work, and so the whole central nervous system.
Hodgkin and Huxley shared the prize that year with Sir John Eccles, who was cited for research on nerve synapses. Hodgkin and Huxley's findings led the pair to suggest the existence of ion channels, which were found only decades later.
Huxley was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society on 17 March 1955. He was President of the Royal Society from 1980 to 1985, and Master of Trinity from 1984–1990. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II on 12 November 1974, and appointed to the Order of Merit on 11 November 1983.
Shōkyō
, also known as Shōkei, was a of the Northern Court during the Nanboku-chō period after Gentoku and before Kemmu. This period started in April 1332 and ended in April 1334. The pretender in Kyoto was . Kōgon's Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time was .
Professor Satyendra Nath Bose laid down the basics for the Bose–Einstein statistics and the theory of the Bose–Einstein condensate. The boson, a kind of particle of matter, is named in his honor. He was a member of the Royal Society and was awarded India's second highest civilian award (called the Padma Vibhushan) in 1954.
Bose’s works helped statistical mechanics, the electromagnetic properties of the ionosphere, the theories of X-ray crystallography, and unified field theory. This work also led Einstein to work with him.
Bose was interested in many subjects including physics, mathematics, chemistry, biology, mineralogy, philosophy, arts, literature and music. He worked on many research and development projects for India and England. He mostly spent his life in London.
Richard Dawson
Richard Dawson (20 November 1932 - 2 June 2012) was an English-American actor and television presenter.
Dawson was born Colin Lionel Emm in Gosport, Hampshire to an American father and English mother. Dawson married Diana Dors in 1959; they lived in California. The couple had two sons, entertainment manager Mark (born 1960) and Gary (born 1962). She left him and in 1967 the couple divorced. His second marriage lasted from 1991 until his death from esopheageal cancer in Los Angeles, California.
Dawson played a prisoner of war in "Hogan's Heroes" and hosted "Family Feud".
Chelsea Bridge
Chelsea Bridge is a bridge over the River Thames in west London. It connects Chelsea on the north bank to Battersea on the south bank.
There have been two Chelsea Bridges, on the site of what was an ancient crossing.
The first Chelsea Bridge was called Victoria Bridge. It opened in 1857.
The old bridge was replaced by the current one in 1937.
Swindon is a large town in the Borough of Swindon in the county of Wiltshire, South West England. It is the largest settlement in Wiltshire. About 160,000 people live there. It is 81 miles west of London, 40 miles west of Reading, Berkshire, and 40 miles east of Bristol.
Strusta Lake
Vitebsk Region
Vitebsk Region, Vitsebsk Voblast, or Vitebsk Oblast is a region (voblast) of Belarus. The administrative center is Vitebsk (Viciebsk). As of a 2009, the region had a population of 1,230,800.
Important cities within the region include Vitebsk, Orsha, and Navapolatsk.
The Vitsebsk Voblast is divided into 21 raions, 5 cities of oblast subordinance, 19 additional cities, 249 selsovets, and 26 urban-type settlements.
Vitebsk
Vitebsk, also known as Viciebsk or Vitsyebsk is a city in Belarus, near the border with Russia. It is the capital of the Vitebsk Oblast. In 2004 it had 342,381 people. This makes it the country's fourth largest city. It is served by Vitebsk Vostochny Airport and Vitebsk air base.
The main universities of Vitebsk are Vitebsk State Technological University, Vitebsk State Medical University and Vitebsk State University named in honor of Pyotr Masherov.
In 1919, Vitebsk was made a part of the Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia. Then it was transferred to the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and later to the short-lived Litbel. In 1924, it was returned to Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.
According to a legend, the city was founded by the Kyiv princess Olga in 974. The first mention of Vitebsk is dated 1021 AD, where it is said that Yaroslav the Wise handed over two cities ("Vosvyach and Vidbesk") to Prince Bryachislav Izyaslavych.
In 1165-1167, due to feudal strife, the Vitebsk principality gradually began to lose importance and fell under the rule of the Smolensk princes.
Armed Forces of Belarus
The Armed Forces of Belarus are the Ground Forces and the Belarusian Air Force. All are under the command of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Belarus. Lieutenant general Yurij Viktorovich Zhadobin is the Minister of Defense since December 4, 2009. Being a landlocked country, Belarus has no navy.
The Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Belarus is the government group that has the duties of raising and maintaining the Armed Forces of Belarus. The formation of the ministry began in 1992. This was a year after the end of the Soviet Union and Belarus becoming an independent state.
The is a Japanese river which flows through Tokyo. It crosses the north part of Tokyo and drains into Tokyo Bay.
The Sumida runs through Tokyo for 27 kilometers. There are 26 bridges across the river, including
Brest Region
Brest Voblast (Province) or Brest Oblast is a province (voblast) of Belarus. The administrative center is Brest. Important cities in the voblast include: Baranovichi, Brest, and Pinsk.
The region was formed in 1939 after Western Belarus rejoined the Byelorussian SSR. Today it has 16 districts (raions), 225 selsovets, 20 cities, 5 city municipalities, 9 urban-type settlements, and 2178 villages.
Brest is a city in Belarus. It is at the border with Poland opposite the city of Terespol, where the Bug River and Mukhavets rivers meet. It is the capital city of the Brest Region.
There are two universities in Brest: A.S.Pushkin State University and Brest State Technical University. There are some newspapers in Brest: Brestskaya Gazeta, Brestskiy Kurier, Brestskiy Vestnik, Vecherniy Brest, Zarya.
Rectifier
A rectifier is a device that can convert Alternating current (AC) to Direct current (DC). This is a process called rectification. Many rectifiers in the 20th century were made of metals like copper, iron, and silver. Nowadays most are semiconductors.
"Half-wave rectifiers" only have one side of a waveform, while the "full-wave rectifiers" use both sides of a waveform. The left-hand side of the full-wave rectifier circuit consists of four diodes: a diode bridge. Half-wave current is a current that can only flow in alternate current, a full-wave current can flow both alternating current and direct current.
Diode bridge is electrical circuit that consists of four diodes. It acts as a full wave rectifier to convert alternating current to direct current.
Gomel Region
Homiel Voblast or Gomel Oblast is a province (voblast) of Belarus. Its administrative center is Homyel.
Important cities in the voblast include: Gomel, Mazyr, Zhlobin, Svetlahorsk, Rechytsia, Kalinkavichy, Rahachow, Dobrush
Homiel Province and Mahilyow Voblast were hurt severely after the Chernobyl nuclear reactor catastrophe. The Gomel Province borders the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone in places. Part of it is a mandatory or voluntary resettlement areas as a result of the radioactive contamination.
The Homiel Voblast has 21 districts (raions), 278 selsovets, 17 cities, and 8 city municipalities.
Gomel
Gomel (also Homiel, Homel) is the administrative center of Gomel Voblast. It is the second-largest city in Belarus. It has a population of 482,652 (2009 census). Gomel is in the southeastern part of the country, on the right bank of Sozh river. It is to the South-East from Minsk, to the East from Brest, to the South from Mogilev, to the West from Bryansk and to the North from Chernihiv. The city's area is 121 km.
Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II
The Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II was an event to celebrate the reign of Queen Elizabeth II for 60 years since 1952.
A royal on the Thames was one of several events which marked the special anniversary. The Queen and members of her family were on board the "Spirit of Chartwell" royal barge. The barge was joined by a 1,000-boat parade down the river Thames.
George W. Snyder
The Long Good Friday
Grodno Region
Grodno/Hrodna Region is a voblast (province) in northwestern Belarus.
The capital Grodno is the biggest city of the province. It is on the Neman River. Two castles from the 14th - 18th centuries are on the steep right bank of the Nemen. Many say this city is one of the most beautiful in Belarus. The Orthodox "St Boris & St Gleb (Kalozhskaya) Church" dating back to the 12th century, is the second oldest in Belarus.
The Mir Castle Complex, a 16th-century historical landmark as well as part of the Belovezhskaya Pushcha nature reserve, both UNESCO World Heritage sites are in this region.
The Grodno Region is divided into 17 districts (raions), 194 selsovets, 12 cities, 6 city municipalities, and 21 urban-type settlements.
Mogilev Region
Mogilev Region, also Mahilyow Voblasts (Province) or Mogilyov Oblast is a province (voblast) of Belarus. The administrative center is Mogilyov (Mahilyow).
Mogilev and Homyel Voblasts suffered severely after the Chernobyl nuclear radioactive reactor catastrophe in April 1986.
Important cities in the voblast are: Mogilyov, Asipovichy, and Babruysk.
Many rivers flow through the Mahilyow Voblast. They include the: Dnieper River (Dniapro), Berezina, Sozh, Druts, Pronya and Ptsich rivers.
There are 21 districts (raions), 195 selsovets, 14 towns, 3 city municipalities, and 12 urban-type settlements.
Mogilyov
Mogilyov (also spelled Mahilyow) is a city in eastern Belarus. It is about 76 km from the border with Russia's Smolensk Oblast and 105 km from the border with Russia's Bryansk Oblast. As of 2011, its population was 360,918. It is the administrative centre of Mahilyow Voblast. It is the third largest city in Belarus.
Have I Got News for You
Have I Got News for You is a British comedy television panel game shown on the BBC. It began on 28 September 1990. During each episode, two teams compete to win points by answering questions on recent news events. Each team has a captain and two celebrity guests. One captain is Ian Hislop, the other is Paul Merton. The host was Angus Deayton until he was sacked in October 2002. Since then, there have been many guest presenters.
Series 56 began on 5 October 2018.
Many guests have appeared on the programme multiple times.
One More Night is a song performed by American pop rock group Maroon 5 from their fourth studio album "Overexposed." The single was released for digital download and contemporary radio on June 26, 2012. The song was written by frontman Adam Levine, producer Shellback, executive Max Martin and Savan Kotecha and was produced by Ryan Tedder. The song debuted live at Revel in Atlantic City, New Jersey on the evening of May 18, 2012 and was viraly uploaded by several other people on YouTube the next day. The pop-reggae fused song was announced on May 22nd on the band's official site that it would serve as the second single for their fourth album.
The song was recorded live in Los Angeles, California earlier in 2012. The band said in an interview with Rolling Stone that it the band's first attempt at trying a reggae song and fusing it with a simple pop melody.
The song was released on the same day as their fourth studio album "Overexposed" on June 26, 2012.
Terrell, Texas
Terrell is a city in Kaufman County, Texas, United States. It is a southeastern suburb of Dallas. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 13,606. Terrell is east of Dallas.
Terrell is the home of the Terrell State Hospital, a psychiatric inpatient hospital with 316 beds operated under the direction of the Texas Department of State Health Services.
Jamie Foxx, an actor, grew up in Terrell and graduated in 1986 from Terrell High School, along with Cynthea Rhodes, a member of the USA Track & Field team in the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. Joe Doucet a notable American designer graduated in 1988. Terrell High School has also graduated four NFL players which are: Brice McCain, who was drafted in the NFL by the Houston Texans; C.J. Wilson, who is currently playing for the Los Angeles Angels; and Kenoy Kennedy, who played for the Denver Broncos and Detroit Lions; and Darius Johnson who played for the Denver Broncos.
Current Texas State Representative Lance Gooden is a native of Terrell.
Minsk Region
Minsk Voblasc (Province) or Minsk Oblast is a province (voblast) of Belarus. The administrative center is Minsk. As of 2019, the voblast's population is 1,503,000, which has 15.3% of the national total.
In the northern part of the oblast is the Lake Narach, the largest lake of the country.
There are 22 districts (raions), 307 selsovets, 22 cities, 8 city municipalities, and 20 urban-type settlements.
Minsk Region covers 39,900 km², which stands about 19.44% of the total area of Belarus Republic. There is the largest lake in the country called Narach located in the Minsk Region.
Belarusian ruble
The ruble is the currency of Belarus. The symbol for the ruble is "Br" and the ISO 4217 code is "BYN".
In 2000, notes were introduced in amounts of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1,000 and 5,000 rublei. In 2001 and 2002, higher amounts of 10,000, 20,000 and 50,000 rublei were introduced, followed by 100,000 rublei in 2005.
Further-eastern European Time
Further-eastern European Time (FET) also called Moscow Time (MSK) and Turkey Time (TRT) is since September 2011 three hours ahead of UTC (). It was started as the official time for the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast and then followed by Belarus, Northern Cyprus, and Turkey.
Until 2011, Further-eastern European Time was the same as Eastern European Time (UTC+2). on 27 March 2011, Russia moved to the so called "year-round daylight saving time". Belarus followed Russia on September 15, 2011. Both Turkey and Northern Cyprus also cancelled DST on September 7, 2016, and has switched to FET permanently.On October 29, 2017, Northern Cyprus returned to EET.
UTC+03:00
UTC+03:00 makes clocks 3 hours later than Greenwich Mean Time.
These are the countries who use UTC+03:00 as their time.
Telephone numbers in Belarus
Country Code: +375<br>
International Call Prefix: 00 (was 8~10)<br>
Trunk Prefix: 8
Belarus began using its own country code +375 in 1995. Before that it was part of the +7 international country code. The local numbering plan came from USSR. It has changed little.
Geographic area codes were made based on previous 3-digit USSR area codes by removing the lead "0". Calling across areas still requires dialing trunk prefix 8 and waiting for dialtone after that.
Francysk Skaryna
Francysk Skaryna was a Belarusian famous as one of the first publishers in Eastern Europe. He helped develop the Belarusian language.
He was born in the historical Belarusian city of Polotsk into the family of a rich merchant. The exact dates of birth and death are unknown. It was about 1485–1540 or 1490–1551.
Skaryna graduated from the arts faculty at the University of Kraków in 1504. In 1512 he received doctorate in medicine at the University of Padua in Italy. In 1517 he made a printing press in Prague. He published his first book called "The Psalter", in the Old Belarusian language on 6 August 1517. The most important part of his life's work was printing a translation of the Bible in 22 books during 1517 to 1519.
Around 1522 he moved to Vilnius. He made the first printing house in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The first book published there was "The Little Travel Guide". The printing house closed down. Skaryna spent his last years working as a doctor for Ferdinand I of Germany.
2011–12 Chicago Blackhawks season
The 2011–12 Chicago Blackhawks season was the team's 86th season in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Blackhawks signed goaltender Corey Crawford to a 3-year, 8 million dollar contract. They clinched the playoffs on March 31, 2012 when they defeated the Nashville Predators 5-4. Their win marked the 4th consecutive season in which the Blackhawks made the playoffs. They were defeated by the Phoenix Coyotes in the first round of the 2012 Stanley Cup Playoffs.
Yanka Kupala
Yanka Kupala ( – June 28, 1942) was the pen name of Ivan Daminikavich Lutsevich. He was a Belarusian poet and writer. Kupala is said to be one of the greatest Belarusian-language writers of the 20th century.
Kupala was born on July 7, 1882 in Viazynka. His family was of Szlachta origins. Both of his parents were tenant farmers. Kupala received a traditional Belarusian education. He finished his studies in 1898. After the death of his father in 1902, Kupala worked several short-term jobs. These included being a tutor, a shop assistant, and a record keeper.
Kupala's first serious try at writing was "Ziarno". It was a Polish-language sentimental poem which he completed around 1903–1904. His first Belarusian-language work ("Мая доля") was dated July 15, 1904. Kupala's first published poem, "Мужык" ("Peasant"), was published about a year later. It was in the newspaper on May 11, 1905. Several more poems by Kupala were in the Belarusian-language newspaper "Nasha Niva" from 1906 to 1907.
Kupala moved from Belarus to Vilnius in 1908. He continued with his career as a poet. The first published collection of his poems, "Жалейка" ("The Little Flute") made the czarist government mad. The order for Kupala's arrest was ended in 1909.
Kupala left for St. Petersburg in 1909. In 1910 he published several works. He left St. Petersburg and returned to Vilnius in 1913. Among those influencing Kupala in the 1910s was Maxim Gorky.
Kupala's writing changed to an optimistic tone after the Great October Revolution of 1917.
Kupala was awarded the Order of Lenin in 1941 for the poetry collection "Ад сэрца" ("From the Heart").
In 1941 he moved to Moscow and then to Tatarstan. But even from there he wrote poems supporting Belarus fighting against Nazi Germany. He died mysteriously in 1942 in Moscow. He fell down the stairwell in Hotel Moskva. The death was said to be accidental. Some people think it was suicide or murder.
Ryan Sypek
Ryan Sypek (born August 6, 1982) is an American actor.
Las Vegas (TV series)
Nikki Cox
James Lesure
Molly Sims
Vanessa Marcil
Marsha Thomason
Madame Tussauds
Caste (biology)
In some eusocial species, individuals of one species live together in colonies. These groups are often called nests or hives. Often there is a division of labour. In Hymenoptera, for example, a hive may have several kinds of females, which by Polyphenism carry out different tasks, and whose bodies are different.
Such specialized types in one species are known as castes. Castes that are not involved in producing offspring are usually sterile. The term originally comes from the caste-system in Hinduism.
Corps of Bridges and Roads (France)
The Corps of Bridges ("Corps des Ponts") is a French civil service corps.
People entering the Corps are trained at the '. Most of them are from the '. The rest come from the "".
In 2002, the corps of the engineers of Bridges and Roads ("Ponts et Chaussées"), the engineers of civil aviation, the engineers-geographs and the meteorological engineers merged. Students who choose the corps of engineers of civil aviation are trained at the French Civil Aviation University.
Motherwell railway station
Motherwell railway station or train station is a train station in Motherwell, Scotland. It is a big station, with four platforms, making it the biggest station in North Lanarkshire. The station can get you to big places such as London and Glasgow. There is a train every 10 minutes going to Glasgow Central station. It is managed by First ScotRail.
The station is next to the town centre, so it is easy to find.
Hammersmith
Danny Boyle
Daniel Boyle (born 20 October 1956) is a British movie director and producer. He was born in Radcliffe, Lancashire into a working-class Irish Catholic family.
His movies include "Shallow Grave", "Trainspotting", "A Life Less Ordinary", "The Beach", "28 Days Later", "Millions", "28 Weeks Later", "Sunshine", "Slumdog Millionaire" and "127 Hours". Boyle was nominated for five BAFTA Awards and three Academy Awards. He directed the 2018 television series "Trust" based on the kidnapping of John Paul Getty III, the grandson of J. Paul Getty.
Vasil Bykaŭ
Vasil Uładzimiravič Bykaŭ (June 19, 1924 - June 22, 2003) was an author of many novels and novellas about World War II. He is a big figure in Belarusian literature and civic thought. The writer's talent earned him endorsements for the Nobel Prize nomination from, among others, Nobel Prize laureates Joseph Brodsky and Czesław Miłosz.
Vasil Bykaŭ was born in the village Byčki, not far from Viciebsk in 1924. In 1941 he was in Ukraine when Germany attacked the USSR. He volunteered for the Red Army. For years after the war he continued to serve. He returned to the USSR only in the mid-1950s. There he started to work as a journalist for the Hrodna Pravda newspaper. In that same decade his first novellas were published.
Bykaŭ was one of the most admired writers in the Soviet Union. In 1980 he was awarded the title of People's Writer of the Belarusian SSR. Vasil Bykaŭ is the most widely read Belarusian writer outside of Belarus.
Uladzimir Karatkievich
Uladzimir Karatkievich or Vladimir Korotkevich (26 November 1930 - 25 July 1984) was a Belarusian romantic writer.
Karatkievich was born in 1930 in Orsha, Viciebsk region. In 1954 he graduated from Kiev University. Later, he completed advanced literature courses (1960), and then cinematography (1962), both in Moscow. Literature then became his main job. His first published work was a poem that appeared in 1951. He published a large number of short stories, in collections entitled "Chazenia", "The Eye of the Typhoon", "From Past Ages", and others. He also wrote the novels "Unforgettable" and "The Dark Castle Olshansky". Karatkievich's most popular work is the novel "The Wild Hunt of King Stakh" Karatkievič also wrote a number of plays, essays, articles, screenplays for short and feature movies. He also wrote some very interesting detective and adventure stories.
A supervolcano is a volcano that can make a volcanic eruption where the things being thrown out of the volcano have a volume bigger than . This is thousands of times bigger than most volcanic eruptions which happened a long time. Supervolcanoes can occur when magma in the Earth rises into the crust from a hotspot, but can not break through the crust. More and more pressure builds up in a large and growing magma pool until the crust can no longer take the pressure.
Although there are not many Quaternary supervolcanoes, supervolcanic eruptions usually cover very big areas with lava and volcanic ash. They can also cause a long-lasting change to weather (such as the triggering of a small ice age), enough to possibly make species extinct.
The term "supervolcano" was first used in the BBC popular science television program "Horizon" in 2000 to mean eruptions of this type.
Volcanologists (who study with volcanoes) and geologists do not say "supervolcanoes" in their scientific work. This is because the word can mean many different geothermal conditions. Since 2003, however, the term has been used by professionals when showing things to the public. The term "megacaldera" is sometimes used for calderas which are quite similar to supervolcanoes, such as the Blake River Megacaldera Complex in the Abitibi greenstone belt of Ontario and Quebec, Canada.
VEI 8 eruptions are considered super-eruptions due to their large scale. The Earth's most recent supereruption is the Oruanui eruption, occurring 26,500 years ago.
Stanisław Moniuszko
Stanisław Moniuszko (May 5, 1819 in Ubiel, near Minsk – June 4, 1872 in Warsaw, Congress Poland) was a Polish composer, conductor and teacher. He is generally called the father of Polish national opera.
Moniuszko was born in Ubiel (Minsk district in modern Belarus) to a Polish-Armenian noble family of landowners. He showed an early ability in music, and began private piano lessons with August Freyer in 1827. Moniuszko began to formally study composition in Berlin with Karl Friedrich Rungenhagen, who also taught him in choral conducting. While in Berlin, he had an unexpected early success when he set three songs to the words of the Polish national poet, Adam Mickiewicz.
After three years in Berlin, he returned to Poland in 1840 to marry Aleksandra Müller. He got a job as an organist in Vilnius and also worked as a private piano tutor. The Moniuszkos had ten children.
Around 1840, he began to compose strongly, writing his first operas and several other stage works, as well as sacred music and secular cantatas.
During his lifetime Moniuszko traveled many times to St. Petersburg where his concerts were very well received. He was the mentor of César Cui.
In 1848 in Vilnius, he staged and conducted the first performance of his opera "Halka". After the triumph of his new four-act version of "Halka" at Warsaw on 1 January 1858, he toured France. It was soon later staged in Prague, Moscow and St. Petersburg, where it met with great success.
On 1 August 1858 he was made conductor of the Polish Opera in the Grand Theatre in Warsaw. In 1864, Moniuszko started lecturing at the Music Institute in Warsaw, where he also directed a choir. His disciples included, among others, Zygmunt Noskowski and Henryk Jarecki.
Stanisław Moniuszko died on 4 June 1872 in Warsaw of a sudden heart attack. He was buried in Powązki Cemetery.
"More than 300, listing the most popular:"
Due to the current obscurity of Moniuszko outside Poland, this list more or less represents a complete discography.
Prix Benois de la Danse
The Benois de la Danse is one of the most prestigious ballet competitions. It was started by the International Dance Association in Moscow in 1991. It takes place each year on or around April 29 and is jury-based in its judging. The members of this jury change every year and have only top ballet personages.
Statuettes are given to the winners in the categories of lifelong achievement, ballerina, danseur, choreographer, composer and designer.
The idea for the Benois de la Danse was started in Moscow. The founders got support of UNESCO in the autumn of 1992. Its scheduling at the end of April is to match with the birthday of Alexandre Benois (1870–1960).
French sculptor Igor Ustinov designed the statuette of the Benois de la Danse award in 1992. He is the son of the famous actor Peter Ustinov, a great-nephew of Alexandre Benois.
Bread and salt
Bread and salt is a Slavic welcome greeting ceremony and also a type of food.
When important, respected, or admired guests arrive, they are given a loaf of bread placed on a "rushnik" (embroidered towel). A salt holder or a salt cellar is placed on top of the bread loaf or secured in a hole on the top of the loaf.
In modern Russia, on official occasions, the "bread and salt" is presented by young women dressed in national costumes (e.g., sarafan and kokoshnik).
When this tradition is observed in spaceflight, small packages of bread and salt are used.
Kvass is a fermented beverage made from black or regular rye bread. The colour of the bread used helps to make the colour of the drink. It is a non-alcoholic drink by Russian standards. This is because the alcohol content from fermentation is less than 1.2%. Overall, the alcohol content is low (0.05% - 1.0%). It is often flavoured with fruits or herbs such as strawberries, raisins or mint. Kvass is also used for preparing a cold summertime soup called "okroshka".
It is popular in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Estonia, and other Eastern and Central European countries, It is also popular in former Soviet states, such as Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, where one can see many kvass vendors in the streets. Kvass is also popular in Harbin and Xinjiang, areas within China that are influenced by Russian culture.
Okroshka
Okróshka is a cold soup from Russia. It is also found in Ukraine and Belarus. The name is probably from "kroshit'" (крошить), which means to crumble into small pieces.
The classic soup is a mix of mostly raw vegetables (like cucumbers and spring onions), boiled potatoes, eggs, and a cooked meat such as beef, veal, sausages, or ham with kvass. Kvass is a mildly alcoholic beverage made from fermented black or rye bread. Okroshka is usually served with sour cream. Later versions use light or diluted kefir, vinegar, mineral water, or even beer instead of kvass.
The ingredients are diced and then mixed with kvass just before eating. The ratio of chopped food to kvass is similar to that of cereal to milk. This lets the vegetables to keep their texture. Even though the ingredients are similar to those in a Russian salad, the taste of okroshka is quite different.
Okroshka is mostly served in summer. This is because the soup adds the taste of kvass and the lightness of a salad. Salt and sugar can be added according to taste.
Okroshka is always served cold. Sometimes ice cubes are added to keep the soup cold in hot weather.
A transit of Venus across the Sun happens when the planet Venus goes between the Sun and Earth. It is a syzygy and a partial occultation of the Sun. When a transit happens, Venus can be seen as a small black dot going across the Sun. Transits of Venus usually take several hours.