AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
This is a list of the 22 tallest structures in Australia. This list has guyed masts, towers, skyscrapers and chimneys. The tallest structure in Australia is the Omega Navigational Mast Woodside in Woodside, Victoria.
This is a list of the tallest under construction buildings and structures in Australia.
List of tallest buildings in Australia
This is a list of the tallest buildings of Australia.
This is a list of the 25 tallest buildings in Australia. Observation towers, radio masts, chimneys and other structures are not included. Heights are measured to the "structural height", which means to the top of spires, but not including communications spires or radio antennas.
This list contains the tallest buildings currently under construction in Australia.
Glenrowan, Victoria
Glenrowan is a small town in the northeast of Victoria, Australia. It is 184km northeast of Melbourne and 14km from Wangaratta. It is near the Warby Ranges and Mt. Glenrowan. At the 2006 census, Glenrowan had a population of 952. It used to be on the main road between Melbourne and Sydney, the Hume Highway. The new Hume Freeway now goes around the town.
The first people to live in the area were the Australian Aboriginal tribal group called the Pallanganmiddang. Glenrowan was named after farmers James Hutton Rowan and George Christian Rowan who had large farms in the area between 1846 and 1858. The township was laid out and land sold in 1857. In 1862 Cobb and Co had a stopping place for changing horses on their stagecoaches. The Post Office was opened on February 22, 1870. The small town had a police station, hotels and a boot maker.
In 1873 railroad was built, and the town moved about a mile to be closer to the station. In 1876 the first school was built and Thomas Curnow was the teacher. He would become famous as the Hero of Glenrowan, the man who stopped the train.
It is famous for the bushranger Ned Kelly, who was captured there in 1880 after a siege and shootout with police. The Kelly Gang had captured many of the people living in the town and held them hostage in a hotel. The hotel was called the Glenrowan Inn and was owned by Mrs.Ann Jones. They had pulled up the railway track hoping that the train carrying extra policemen would crash. The school teacher Thomas Curnow got out of the hotel and was able to stop the train. The police surrounded the hotel and began shooting at the bushrangers. It is estimated that 15,000 bullets were fired during the shooting. The Kelly Gang had made suits of armour to stop the bullets from hurting them. The police set fire to the hotel. Eventually Ned Kelly was shot and captured. The rest of the gang, Dan Kelly, Steve Hart and Joe Byrne were killed.
Mrs. Jones took the government to court. She wanted to be paid £1050 for the destruction of her hotel during the siege.
In May 2008, archaeologists dug up the ruins of the Glenrowan Inn to learn more about the siege and shoot out.
Glenrowan is a popular rest point for those travelling on the Hume Freeway. In the township of Glenrowan, off the highway, tourists can rest, walk and examine the famous Kelly siege sites.
Google Street View- Ned Kelly animated theatre
List of tallest buildings in Perth
This is a list of the tallest buildings in Perth, Western Australia taller than 100 metres.
This is a list of the tallest buildings under construction, approved or proposed that are planned to be taller than 100 metres.
List of tallest buildings in Adelaide
This is a list of the tallest buildings in Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia. Heights are measured to the structural height, which includes spires, but not communications spires or antennas. Structures that are not buildings are not included in this list.
Height: R = Roof, P = Pinnacle (top of spire or antenna)
This is a list of the tallest buildings being built, approved to be built or planned that will be taller than 70 metres high.
List of tallest buildings in Sydney
This is a list of the tallest buildings in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Spires on top of buildings count onto its height, but antennas do not.
Dromore, County Down
Dromore is a small town in Northern Ireland. There are around 5000 people living in the town. It is in County Down and in the Banbridge District. Dromore is 20 miles to the south of Belfast and 86 miles north of Dublin. Some towns near Dromore are Banbridge, Lurgan and Lisburn.
List of tallest buildings in Melbourne
This is a list of the tallest skyscrapers and other tall buildings (also the ones being built) in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Q1 (building)
Q1 (which means Queensland number 1) is a skyscraper on the Gold Coast. It is Australia's tallest skyscraper. It used to be the world's tallest residential tower (including the spire). The building is 322.5 meters high (1,058 feet) including the spire. However without the spire, it's only 275 meters (902 feet). Only the Eureka Tower in Melbourne is taller without the spire with 300 meters.2000
Inspiration may mean:
In film:
National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum
The Baseball Hall of Fame is a museum in Cooperstown, New York that shows the history of baseball and some of the most famous baseball players and other people, especially in North America.
The Hall of Fame opened in 1939. It was started by the Clark Foundation. The Hall of Fame was started to help bring visitors to Cooperstown which had been poor for a long time. Some people tell a story that Abner Doubleday invented baseball in Cooperstown, but the story is not true. But the baseball leagues and teams decided that it did not matter, and helped make the Hall of Fame popular.
The museum has a lot of information on the history of baseball, and a lot of old baseball things, like bats, balls, and uniforms of famous baseball players or important baseball games. It also has a baseball art collection and a library.
Next to the museum is Doubleday Field, where a baseball game is played every year as part of a party about adding new people to the museum's stories.
When someone is "in the Hall of Fame," it means they have a story of their life in baseball shown in the museum. Every year new people are chosen to be added to the Hall of Fame. These people can be baseball players, baseball team managers, and other people who work with the game of baseball. Awards are also given for baseball sports reporters. As of 2012, there are a total of 297 people in the Hall of Fame.
Two groups pick people to add to the Hall of Fame. One group is the Baseball Writers Association of America (BBWAA). This group can pick players who have been retired from Major League Baseball for five years, and played in MLB for at least 10 years. Each member of the group writes down their 10 top choices, and anyone who is on at least three-fourths of the members' lists is added to the Hall of Fame.
The other group that chooses people to add to the Hall of Fame is called the Veterans Committee, which since 2011 has been split into three separate groups (or subcommittees). The Veterans Committee votes on people who are not eligible for the BBWAA ballot—players who have been retired for 20 or more years, managers, team and league executives, and umpires. Each of the three groups is made up of Hall of Famers, baseball executives, media members, and baseball historians, and votes on people who made their greatest contributions in a different era of baseball:
Each of these three groups votes once every three years, and they rotate in the order listed above. The Expansion Era Committee chooses from among 12 people, while the other committees choose from among 10. Each committee member can vote for four people, and anyone who gets at least three-fourths of the votes is also added to the Hall of Fame.
Some people did not like how the Veterans Committee picked people for the Hall of Fame. For a while, it seemed like the Committee liked to only pick people who they had worked with before. This meant some people who might have been good enough for the Hall of Fame were missed, because they never worked with the people on the Committee. The Committee was changed in 2001, but in the three times it voted, it did not choose anyone for the Hall. It was changed again for the 2008 elections; in three election cycles, it voted in two managers and three executives, but only one player. The Committee was changed yet again for the 2011 elections; so far, the new Committee has elected one executive and one player.
In 1982, some of the museum's collection of baseball items were loaned to the head of the American baseball leagues, and one of his workers sold them for money. Even though the money was paid back, it made the Hall of Fame look bad.
There are some players who are not allowed to work in baseball anymore because they broke some very important rules, but were still very good players. The Hall of Fame does not allow people who were kicked out of baseball to be in its museum, but some people do not agree with keeping some of these people out.
Cooperstown, New York
Cooperstown is a village in Otsego County, New York. It is in the Town of Otsego. The population was estimated to be 1,852 at the 2010 census. The Village of Cooperstown is the county seat of Otsego County. Most of the village is inside the Town of Otsego, but part is in the Town of Middlefield. The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, The Farmers' Museum, The Fenimore Art Museum, Glimmerglass Opera, and the New York State Historical Association are in Cooperstown.
The Village of Cooperstown was established in 1786. It was laid out by surveyor William Ellison. The village started while still part of Montgomery County. It was incorporated (as the "Village of Otsego") on April 3, 1807.
The name was legally changed to "Village of Cooperstown" in 1812. Samuel F.B. Morse, Thurlow Weed, John A. Dix, Abner Doubleday, and Samuel Nelson had summer homes in Cooperstown. Author James Fenimore Cooper grew up in Cooperstown. He returned there in his later years to live in his family home Otsego Hall.
Cooperstown (disambiguation)
Cooperstown is a village in Otsego County, New York, United States.
Cooperstown may also mean:
George Clinton (musician)
Frederick Jay "Rick" Rubin (born March 10 1963 in Long Island, New York) is an American record producer. He is currently in charge of Columbia Records. He helped merge the rap and heavy metal genres. MTV called him "the most important producer of the last 20 years." Rubin won five Grammy Awards in 2006 including "Producer Of The Year, Non-Classical". In 2007, Rubin was listed among "Time Magazine"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s 100 Most Influential People in The World. Rubin is the owner of a mansion in Los Angeles called The Mansion. Many albums he produces are recorded there. He helped produce Tom Petty's "Wildflowers" (1994).
John Carew
John Alieu Carew (; born 5 September 1979 in Lørenskog) is a retired Norwegian football player. He played for Aston Villa in the Premier League, wearing the number 10 shirt. He was named Norwegian Footballer of the Year. In season 2007/08, he was the top scorer of the Aston Villa with 13 goals. He played for Valencia at Adeccoligaen and Tippeligaen. He moved to Rosenborg in 1999 and scored 29 goals in the next season. He played also with Valencia, Roma, Beşiktaş, Olympique Lyonnais.
51||37
84||20
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24||13
35||10
70||27
284||113
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Dromore
Dromore is the name of several villages:
Dromore West
Dromore West () is a village in County Sligo, Republic of Ireland. About 300 people live there. It is on the N59 road about halfway between Sligo and Ballina.
Dromore West is on the Dunneil River. It is between the Ox Mountains and the Atlantic coast. There are four public houses. There are also two shops, a chemist, a Chinese take away, a butchers, a post office and florist.
Dromore, County Tyrone
Dromore ("Droim Mór", meaning "Big Ridge", in Irish) is a village in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is nine miles (15 km) southwest of Omagh on the A32 road and sixteen miles (26 km) from Enniskillen. The village had a population of 1,101 in 2001. Agriculture and the building trades are the primary sources of employment in the town. It is in the Omagh District Council area.
Ernest Lawrence
Ernest Orlando Lawrence (October 8, 1901–1958) was an American physicist. he was born in South Dakota. He helped invent the nuclear bomb during World War II. Lawrence won the Nobel prize for physics in 1939. His work was important in the science of nuclear physics. He worked out a way of measuring the mass of an electron, part of an atom.
Melodic death metal
Melodic death metal is a form of death metal music, which is itself a style of heavy metal. Melodic death metal is a lot like death metal but, as the name suggests, it is more melodic. Melodic death metal bands may use normal singing some times, where death metal bands nearly always use growling. Melodic death metal lyrics are also different to death metal lyrics. Death metal lyrics focus on death, war, murder and gore where melodic death metal focuses more on philosophy, religion and other less violent topics. Starting in the town of Gothenburg in Sweden it is sometimes referred to as the "Gothenburg Sound"
Melodic death metal started in Scandinavia, in countries such as Sweden and Norway. Many early melodic death metal bands wanted to mix the fast, brutal songs of death metal with the dual guitar harmonies and melodies of heavy metal bands such as Iron Maiden and Saxon.
Famous melodic death metal bands include In Flames, a Swedish band formed by Jesper Strombald, and Dark Tranquillity, one of the oldest and highly listened to bands in the genre.
Robyn Rihanna Fenty (born 20 February 1988) is a Barbadian singer, songwriter, actress and businesswoman. She started her music career in 2003. She has released eight studio albums and three DVDs.
Rihanna has won many awards. These include five American Music Awards, eighteen Billboard Music Awards, two BRIT Awards, and nine Grammy Awards. She has had fourteen number-one singles on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart. In 2012, the American magazine "Time" named Rihanna one of the most influential people in the world. Rihanna was also ranked the fourth most powerful celebrity in 2012. She earned $53 million between May 2011 and May 2012, according to "Forbes". In 2013, Rihanna was given the first ever Icon Award at the American Music Awards. Rihanna's seventh album "Unapologetic" (2012) became her first number-one album in the United States. It won Best Urban Contemporary Album at the 2014 Grammy Awards. In 2015, a movie called "Home" was released. Rihanna voiced one of the main characters in it and was also the executive producer of the movie's soundtrack.
Her eighth studio album, "Anti", was released to the streaming service Tidal and entered the "Billboard" 200 album chart at number 27. It was a limited-time free download sponsored by Samsung. It was certified Platinum in the U.S. only two days after it was released. The next week, after the album was released to other marketplaces, it reached number one on the "Billboard" 200. "Anti" features the "Billboard" Hot 100 number-one single "Work" (featuring Drake) and the top-ten hit "Needed Me". She also recorded a song, "This Is What You Came For", with Scottish DJ Calvin Harris. It reached the top ten on charts around the world. The following year, she was featured on DJ Khaled's song "Wild Thoughts", which reached number two on the "Billboard" Hot 100.
Rihanna created a line of beauty products called Fenty Beauty. On June 4, 2019, Natalie Robehmed of "Forbes" wrote that Rihanna had become the world's richest female musician, with a net worth of $600 million.
Rihanna was born in Saint Michael, Barbados to Monica (of Guyanese ancestry) and Ronald Fenty (of Irish and West Indian ancestry). She has two younger brothers, Rorrey and Rajad Fenty. She grew up in Bridgetown.
On 8 February 2009, Rihanna was assaulted by her then-boyfriend Chris Brown after Brown was sending messages to a girl. Rihanna got angry and Brown beat her up. The LAPD leaked a photograph to TMZ which showed Rihanna with cuts and bruises on her face. On 22 June 2009, Brown pled guilty to the felony assault. He was ordered to five years probation and to stay fifty yards way from Rihanna, unless it is at a public event, at which it was ten yards. In February 2011, the restraining order was changed to allow both singers to appear at awards shows together in the future.
Adam Levine
Adam Noah Levine (born March 18, 1979) is the lead singer of American pop rock band Maroon 5. He is also a songwriter, guitarist, and a coach on the NBC show "The Voice".
Levine has a tenor/countertenor vocal range. He has also been noted for his falsettos.
In 2013, Levine was chosen by "People" magazine as the Sexiest Man Alive.
Levine has attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
He married Victoria's Secret model Behati Prinsloo on July 19, 2014, in Mexico. Their first daughter, Dusty Rose Levine, was born on September 21, 2016. Gio Grace Levine, their second daughter, was born February 15, 2018.
Tjako van Schie
Tjako van Schie (born 17 April 1961 in Coevorden) is a pianist and composer from the Netherlands. At the Amsterdam Conservatory he is professor. Even in China, Van Schie has played piano but he teaches in Holland and Portugal. Van Schie was educated in Zwolle by pianist Ben Smits and a student of New York pianist Jacob Lateiner. He now lives in the Dutch province Overijssel.
Slipknot (album)
Iowa (Slipknot album)
Iowa is the second studio album by American heavy metal band Slipknot. It was released on August 28, 2001. The producers were Ross Robinson and the band itself. The album's title came from the band's home state Iowa. Singles include "Left Behind" and "My Plague".
Gwynt y Môr Wind Farm
Gwynt y Môr is a 576 MW offshore wind farm off the coast of North Wales. Permission for the project was given in 2008, and building began in 2013. The wind farm will begin working in 2014. It will be Wales' largest wind farm.
The wind farm is near the existing North Hoyle offshore wind farm and the Rhyl Flats offshore wind farm. All of these projects are owned by RWE npower.
Clyde Wind Farm
The Clyde Wind Farm is a proposed 548 megawatt (MW) wind farm in South Lanarkshire, Scotland. When completed, it will be Europe's largest onshore wind farm. The 152-turbine project by Scottish and Southern Energy, which was approved by the Scottish Parliament in July 2008, capable of powering 320,000 homes, and will be larger than the 322 MW Whitelee Wind Farm near Glasgow. Turbines will be built either side of the M74 motorway.
Construction of the wind farm, which will cost £600 million, is expected to finish in 2011.
All Hope Is Gone
Tomis Team Dobrogea Wind Farm
Markbygden Wind Farm
Markbygden Wind Farm will be a series of interconnected wind farms in the Markbygden area of northern Sweden, covering some 450 square kilometres. The project will be built between now and 2020, and will have a capacity of up to 4 GW. Enercon has a share in the project and will build a wind tower production plant in the region, as well as a local office for service and maintenance.
Sirius Black
Sirius Black is a fictional character in J. K. Rowling's "Harry Potter" series, played by Gary Oldman. Black, also known as Padfoot or Snuffles (in his Animagus form) was a pure-blood wizard. He was born on 3rd November, 1959 and is the eldest son of Orion and Walburga Black. He is heir of the Ancient and Noble house of Black and brother to Regulus. His cousin's are Bellatrix Lestrange (née Black), Andromeda Tonks (née Black) and Narcissa Malfoy (née Black). He was Harry Potter's godfather. He was best friends with James Potter, along with Remus Lupin and Peter Pettigrew. These four were known as the Marauders in their school days, and created the Marauder's Map.
He, along with his three friends, belonged to Gryffindor house when at Hogwarts, unlike the rest of his family, who had belonged to the house of Slytherin. He did not like his family, and ran away from home to James Potter's house when he was 16. The Potters took Sirius in as their own son. His prized possession during childhood was his flying motorbike.
Sirius was an animagus and was able to transform into a big black dog, (a Grim) which is an omen of death, at will. He, along with James Potter and Peter Pettigrew became Animagus to help Remus Lupin with his transformations. He was the first wizard to escape Azkaban prison, after being kept there twelve years for a crime that he did not commit. The betrayal of James and Lily Potter, the murder of Peter Pettigrew and 12 muggles with an unknown curse. Harry found out, after a year of believing otherwise, that Sirius was an innocent man, and helped him evade capture from the Ministry of Magic. Sirius went on the run before returning to his (empty) childhood home, 12 Grimmauld Place, and offered it up as headquarters for the Order of the Phoenix upon Voldemort's return. He was killed in a battle at the Ministry of Magic by his cousin, a Death Eater, Bellatrix Lestrange in Harry's (his Godson's)5th year at Hogwarts. He returned during Harry's 7th year along with James, Lily and Remus, after being resurrected with the help of the Resurrection stone in a hazy form.
He was the only remaining “true” heir of the House of Black. 12 Grimmauld Place was gifted to Harry Potter, Sirius’ godson. In which case, Harry or Draco Malfoy (related to the House of Black through his mother Narcissa) would’ve likely inherited the title of Head of House. Possibly even Andromeda Tonks or her grandson, Edward “Teddy” Remus Lupin.
As he has said before, "almost all pure-bloods are somehow related, and he’s no exception". He’s related to the Weasleys by way of Cedrella Weasley (née Black), whom married Septimus Weasley. Together they're the paternal grandparents of the Weasley children. He’s related to the Malfoys through Narcissa Malfoy (née Black) who married into the Malfoy family, and is Sirius’ cousin. He’s even related to his godson, Harry Potter, through Dorea Potter (née Black) who is a distant relative to Harry and James Potter.
Music festival
Billboard Hot 100
The "Billboard" Hot 100 is a list of the current most well-liked music made by "Billboard" magazine. Rankings are based on radio play and sales; the tracking week for sales is each Monday to Sunday, while for radio play it is Wednesday to Tuesday. A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by "Billboard" on Thursday. Each chart is dated with the "week-ending" date of the Saturday two weeks after. Example:
The first number one song of the Hot 100 was "Poor Little Fool" by Ricky Nelson on August 4, 1958. As of the issue for the week ending July 21,2018,the Hot 100 has had 1,016 different number-one hits. Its current number one is "Old Town Road" by Lil Nas X and Billy Ray Cyrus.
What has always been known as the Hot 100 existed for nearly 15 years as numerous charts, tracking and ranking the most popular singles of the day in several areas. During the 1940s and 1950s, popular singles were ranked in three significant charts:
Although officially all three charts had equal importance, many chart historians refer to the "Best Sellers In Stores" chart when referring to a song’s performance prior to the creation of the Hot 100. "Billboard" eventually created a fourth singles popularity chart that combined all aspects of a single’s performance (sales, airplay and jukebox activity), based on a point system that typically gave sales (purchases) more weight than radio airplay. On the week ending November 12, 1955, "Billboard" published The Top 100 for the first time. The "Best Sellers In Stores", "Most Played By Jockeys" and "Most Played In Jukeboxes" charts continued to be published concurrently with the new "Top 100" chart.
On June 17, 1957, "Billboard" discontinued the "Most Played In Jukeboxes" chart, as the popularity of jukeboxes waned and radio stations incorporated more and more rock-oriented music into their play lists. The week ending July 28, 1958 was the final publication of the "Most Played By Jockeys" and "Top 100" charts, both of which had Perez Prado's instrumental version of "Patricia" ascending to the top.
On August 4, 1958, "Billboard" premiered one main all-genre singles chart: the Hot 100. Although similar to the "Top 100", the first Hot 100 chart reset all songs’ "weeks on chart" status to "1". The Hot 100 quickly became the industry standard and "Billboard" discontinued the "Best Sellers In Stores" chart on October 13, 1958.
The "Billboard" Hot 100 is still the standard by which a song’s popularity is measured in the United States. The Hot 100 is ranked by radio airplay audience impressions as measured by Nielsen BDS, sales data compiled by Nielsen Soundscan (both at retail and digitally) and streaming activity provided by online music sources.
There are several component charts that contribute to the overall calculation of the Hot 100. The most significant ones are shown below.
The methods and policies for obtaining and compiling data changed many times throughout the chart’s history.
The advent of a music single song chart spawned chart historians and chart-watchers and greatly affected pop culture and produced countless bits of trivia. The main purpose of the Hot 100 is to aid those "within the music industry" – to reflect the popularity of the "product" (the singles, the albums, etc.) and to track the trends of the buying public. "Billboard" has many times changed its methodology and policies to give the better reflect what is popular.
A basic example is the weight given to sales versus airplay. Initially, singles were the leading way by which people bought music. When singles sales were robust, more weight was given to a song’s retail points than to its radio airplay. In later decades, the recording industry concentrated more on album sales and musicians eventually released more full-length albums than singles, and by the 1990s many record companies stopped releasing singles (see "Album Cuts", below). Eventually a song’s airplay points were weighted more than its sales. "Billboard" adjusted the sales/airplay ratio many times to more accurately reflect the true popularity of songs.
"Billboard" also changed its Hot 100 policy regarding “two-sided singles” several times. The pre-Hot 100 chart "Best Sellers in Stores" listed popular A- and-B-sides together, with the side that was played most often (based on its other charts) listed first. One of the most notable of these, but far from the only one, was Elvis Presley’s "Don’t Be Cruel" / "Hound Dog." During the Presley single’s chart run, top billing was switched back and forth between the two sides several times. But on the concurrent "Most Played in Juke Boxes," "Most Played by Jockeys" and the "Top 100," the two songs were listed separately, as was true of all songs. With the initiation of the Hot 100 in 1958, A- and-B-sides charted separately, as they had on the former Top 100.
Starting with the Hot 100 chart for the week ending November 29, 1969, this rule was altered; if both sides received significant airplay, they were listed together. This started to become a moot point by 1972, as most major record labels solidified a trend they had started in the 1960s by putting the same song on both sides of the singles it serviced to radio.
More complex issues began to arise as the typical A-and-B-side format of singles gave way to 12 inch singles and maxi-singles, many of which contained more than one B-side. Further problems arose when, in several cases, a B-side would eventually overtake the A-side in popularity, thus prompting record labels to release a new single, featuring the former B-side as the A-side, along with a "new" B-side.
The inclusion of album cuts on the Hot 100 put the double-sided hit issues to rest permanently.
A longstanding policy of the Hot 100 chart was that songs must be sold as a single. However, during the 1990s major record labels claimed that singles reduced album sales, so they were phased out. They increasingly promoted songs to radio without releasing them as singles. Labels often held off a single from release until airplay peaked, thus prompting a high debut. Often, a label deleted a single from its catalog after only one week, thus allowing the song to enter the Hot 100, make a high debut and then decline in position as the one-time production of the retail single sold out. Accusations were made that these practices manipulated the charts.
Several popular hits were never listed on the Hot 100 chart, or charted well after their airplay declined. During the period when they were not released as singles, the songs were not eligible to chart. Many of these songs dominated the "Hot 100 Airplay" chart for long periods:
In response to debate, conflicts and requests by the music artists and insiders, "Billboard" included airplay-only singles (or "album cuts") in the Hot 100. On December 5, 1998, the Hot 100 changed from being a "singles" chart to a "songs" chart.
Extended play (EP) releases were listed by "Billboard" on the Hot 100 and in pre-Hot 100 charts ("Top 100") until the mid-to-late 1960s. With the growing popularity of albums, it was decided to move EPs (which typically contain four to six tracks) from the Hot 100 to the Billboard 200, where they are included to this day.
Since February 12, 2005, the "Billboard" Hot 100 tracks paid digital downloads from such internet services as iTunes, Napster, Musicmatch, and Rhapsody. With paid digital downloads added to the airplay/sales formula of the Hot 100, many songs benefited on the charts from the change. "Billboard" initially started tracking downloads in 2003 with the "Hot Digital Tracks" chart. However, these downloads did not count towards the Hot 100 and that chart (as opposed to "Hot Digital Songs") counted each version of a song separately (the chart still exists today along with "Hot Digital Songs"). This is the first major overhaul of the Hot 100's chart formula since December 1998.
The change in formula has shaken up the chart considerably, with some songs debuting on the chart strictly with robust online sales and others making drastic leaps. In recent years, several songs have been able to achieve 80-to-90 position jumps in a single week as their digital components were made available at online music stores. Since 2006, the all-time record for the biggest single-week upward movement was broken nine times.
In the issue dated August 11, 2007, "Billboard" began incorporating weekly data from Streaming media and On-demand services into the Hot 100. The first two major companies to provide their statistics to Nielsen BDS on a weekly basis are AOL Music and Yahoo! Music, with more to follow in the future.
A growing trend in the early first decade of the 21st century was to issue a song as a "remix" that was so drastically different in structure and lyrical content from its original version that it was essentially a whole new song. Under normal circumstances, airplay points from a song’s album version, "radio" mix and/or dance music remix, etc. were all combined and factored into the song’s performance on the Hot 100, as the structure, lyrics and melody remained intact. Criticisms began when songs were being completely re-recorded to the point that they no longer resembled the original recording. The first such example of this scenario is Jennifer Lopez’ "I'm Real". Originally entering the Hot 100 in its album version, a "remix" was issued in the midst of its chart run that featured rapper Ja Rule. This new version proved to be far more popular than
the album version and the track was propelled to number one.
To address this issue, "Billboard" now separates airplay points from a song’s original version and its remix, if the remix is determined to be a "new song". Since administering this new chart rule, several songs have charted twice, normally credited as "Part 1" and "Part 2". The remix rule is still in place.
"Billboard", in an effort to allow the chart to remain as current as possible and to give proper representation to new and developing artists and tracks, has (since 1991) removed titles that have reached certain criteria regarding its current rank and number of weeks on the chart. Recurrent criteria have been modified several times and currently (as of 2010), a song is permanently moved to "recurrent status" if it has spent 20 weeks on the Hot 100 and fallen below position number 50. Exceptions are made to re-releases and sudden resurgence in popularity of tracks that have taken a very long time to gain mainstream success. These rare cases are handled on a case-by-case basis and ultimately determined by "Billboard"’s chart managers and staff.
The most notable exception to the recurrent entry policy applies to holiday-themed releases, which are commonly reissued year after year in anticipation of Christmas purchasing. After its initial chart run, a holiday entry cannot re-enter the Hot 100 in subsequent years.
"Billboard"'s "chart year" runs from the first week of December to the final week in November. This altered calendar allows for "Billboard" to calculate year-end charts and release them in time for its final print issue on the last week of December. Prior to Nielsen SoundScan, year-end singles charts were calculated by an inverse-point system based solely on a song’s performance on the Hot 100 (for example, a song would be given one point for a week spent at position 100, two points for a week spent at position ninety-nine and so forth, up to 100 points for each week spent at number one). Other factors including the total weeks a song spent on the chart and at its peak position were calculated into its year-end total.
After "Billboard" began obtaining sales and airplay information from Nielsen SoundScan, the year-end charts are now calculated by a very straightforward cumulative total of yearlong sales and airplay points. This gives a more accurate picture of any given year’s most popular tracks, as a song that hypothetically spent nine weeks at number one in March could possibly have earned fewer cumulative points than a song that spent six weeks at number three in January. Songs at the peak of their popularity at the time of the November/December chart-year cutoff many times end up ranked on the following year's chart as well, as their cumulative points are split between the two chart-years, but often are ranked lower than they would have been had the peak occurred in a single year.
The limitations of the Hot 100 have become more pronounced over time. Since the Hot 100 was based on singles sales, as singles have themselves become a less common form of song release, the Hot 100's data represented a narrowing segment of sales until the December 1998 change in the ranking formula.
Few music historians believe that the Hot 100 has been a perfectly accurate gauge of the most popular songs for each week or year. For example, during the 1950s and 1960s, payola and other problems skewed the numbers in largely undetectable ways.
Further, the history of popular music shows nearly as many remarkable failures to chart as it does impressive charting histories. Certain artists (such as Pink Floyd and Led Zeppelin) had tremendous album sales while being oblivious to the weekly singles charts. Business changes in the industry also affect artists' statistical "records." Single releases were more frequent and steady, and were expected to have much shorter shelf lives in earlier decades, making direct historical comparisons somewhat specious. Of the sixteen singles to top the Billboard chart for more than ten weeks since 1955, just one was released before 1992. During the first forty years of the rock era, no song had ever debuted at number one; since a 1995 change in methodology, nineteen songs have.
Strategizing also plays a role. Numerous artists have taken deliberate steps to maximize their chart positions by such tactics as timing a single's debut to face the weakest possible competition, or massively discounting the price of singles to the point where each individual sale represented a financial loss. Meanwhile, other artists would deliberately withhold even their most marketable songs in order to boost album sales. Particularly in the 1990s, many of the most heavily played MTV and radio hits were unavailable for separate purchase. Because of such countervailing strategies, it cannot be said that a Hot 100 chart necessarily lists the country's 100 most popular or successful songs. Strategies like these were the main reason behind the December 1998 change in the charts.
Some critics have argued that an overemphasis on a limited number of singles has distorted record industry development efforts, and there are nearly as many critics of the Hot 100 as there are supporters. Certain of these criticisms, however, are becoming less and less germane as digital downloads have revitalized the concept of “singles sales.”
The "Billboard" charts have endured as the only widely circulated published report on songs that have been popular across the United States over the last half-century. Competing publications such as "Cash Box", "Record World", "Radio & Records" and most recently "Mediabase" have offered alternate charts, which sometimes differed widely.
The Hot 100 served for many years as the data source for the weekly radio countdown show "American Top 40". This relationship ended on November 30, 1991, as "American Top 40" started using the airplay-only side of the Hot 100 (then called Top 40 Radio Monitor). The ongoing splintering of Top 40 radio in the early 1990s led stations to lean into specific formats, meaning that practically no station would play the wide array of genres that typically composed each weekly Hot 100 chart.
A new chart, the Pop 100, was created by "Billboard" in February 2005 to answer criticism that the Hot 100 was biased in favor of rhythmic songs, as throughout most of its existence, the Hot 100 was seen predominantly as a pop chart. It was discontinued in June 2009 due to the charts becoming increasingly similar.
The Canadian Hot 100 was launched June 16, 2007. Like the Hot 100 chart, it uses sales and airplay tracking compiled by Nielsen SoundScan and BDS.
The Japan Hot 100 was launched in the issue dated May 31, 2008, using the same methodologies as the Hot 100 charts for the U.S. and Canada, utilizing sales and airplay data from SoundScan Japan and radio tracking service Plantech.
List of tallest buildings in Brisbane
This is a list of the tallest buildings in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Brisbane has more than 50 skyscrapers more than 100 metres tall, the third most of any city in Oceania (after Sydney and Melbourne). At 243 metres tall, Soleil is the tallest building in Brisbane, but in 2012 the 249 metre Infinity, which is now being built will become taller.
This is a list of Brisbane's tallest completed and topped out buildings in 2011. Structures are not included. Official heights are ranked by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, and include spires but exclude communications masts and spires.
This is a list of buildings currently under construction or proposed that are planned to reach 100 metres in height.
Worcestershire sauce
Worcestershire sauce (spoken likeˈwʊstəˌʃɪə or WUSS-ter-SHERR) is a widely-usedused fermented sauce. It was first made at 68 Broad Street, Worcester, by the company Lea & Perrins in the 1830s. It was made for selling to people in 1837, and is still the only Worcestershire sauce still to be made in the UK. In 1930 the company was sold to HP Foods and was later sold to the H.J. Heinz Company from Groupe Danone in 2005.
The sauce is made ready to sell in the Midlands Road factory in Worcester, which is the home of Lea & Perrins since 16 October 1897.
The H. J. Heinz Company, which now makes "The Original Lea & Perrins Worcestershire Sauce", with the name Lea & Perrins, Inc., lists these ingredients on the bottle made in the United States: vinegar, molasses, high fructose corn syrup, anchovies, water, onions, salt, garlic, tamarind concentrate, cloves, natural flavorings and chili pepper extract.
The ingredients of a bottle of Worcestershire sauce from England sold under the name "The Original & Genuine Lea & Perrins Worcestershire Sauce" by Lea & Perrins, Limited, lists the following ingredients: malt vinegar (from barley), spirit vinegar, molasses, sugar, salt, anchovies, tamarind extract, onions, garlic, spice and flavouring.
The sauce is used to make many dishes, both cooked and uncooked, and often with beef; drinks such as the Bloody Mary also use it. Lea & Perrins also makes it in concentrated form that is made ready to sell in other countries.
Worcestershire sauce is called Worcester sauce in South Africa and some parts of the US as; (), or spoken like Woo-ster sauce.
The "Worcestershire sauce" is one of many food products that were made because of Britain ruling India.
Indian massacre of 1622
In Unix computing, Fluxbox is an X window manager based on Blackbox 0.61.1. It tries to be lightweight and customizable, and has very little support for graphical icons. Its user interface has only a taskbar and a menu that can be used by right-clicking on the desktop. All basic settings are controlled by text files.
Fluxbox can show some eye candy such as: colors, gradients, borders, and several other basic appearance settings can be changed. Effects managers such as Xcompmgr and transset-df can add true transparency to desktop elements and windows. Enhancements can also be provided by using iDesk or fbdesk, or the ROX Desktop.
Fluxbox also has several features Blackbox does not have, including tabbed windows and a configurable titlebar.
Because of its small memory use and quick loading time, Fluxbox is popular in many Live CDs such as Knoppix STD and GParted. It was the default window manager of Damn Small Linux, but was replaced with JWM after the release of Damn Small Linux 4.0. It is currently the default window manager of antiX , a linux distribution based on MEPIS and designed for old computers, PCFluxboxOS, a remaster of PCLinuxOS, and LinguasOS, a Live CD distribution for professional translators. Fluxbuntu, Ubuntu with Fluxbox and lightweight applications, was released in October 2007.
Damn Small Linux or DSL is a free operating system for the x86 family of personal computers. It was designed to run graphical applications on older PC hardware—for example, machines with 486/early Pentium processors and very little memory. DSL is a Live CD with a size of 50 MB. What originally started as an experiment to see how much software could fit in 50 MB eventually became a full-fledged Linux distribution. It can be installed on storage media with small capacities, like bootable business cards, USB flash drives, various memory cards, and Zip drives.
DSL was originally conceived and maintained by John Andrews. The community now includes Robert Shingledecker, who created the MyDSL system, DSL Control Panel, and other features.
DSL was originally based on Model-K, a 22 MB stripped-down version of Knoppix, but soon after was based on Knoppix proper, allowing much easier remastering and improvements.
DSL supports only x86 PCs. The minimum system requirements are a 486 processor and 8 MB of RAM. DSL has been demonstrated browsing the web with Dillo, running simple games and playing music on systems with a 486 processor and 16 MB of RAM. The system requirements are higher for running Mozilla Firefox and optional add-ons such as the OpenOffice.org office suite.
The current version of DSL is 4.4.5, released September 3, 2008. DSL currently includes the following software:
DSL has built-in scripts to download and install Advanced Packaging Tool (APT). Once APT is enabled, the user can install packages from Debian's 'Woody' repository. Additionally, DSL hosts software ranging from large applications like OpenOffice.org and GCC, to smaller ones such as aMSN, by means of the "MyDSL" system, which allows convenient one-click download and installation of software. Files hosted on MyDSL are called "extensions". As of June 2008, the MyDSL servers were hosting over 900 applications, plugins, and other extensions.
MyDSL is handled and maintained mostly by Robert Shingledecker and hosted by many organizations, such as ibiblio and Belgium's BELNET. There are 2 areas of MyDSL - regular and "testing". The regular area contains extensions that have been proven stable enough for everyday use and is broken down into different areas such as "apps", "net", "system", and "uci" ("Universal Compressed ISO" - Extensions in .uci format are mounted as a separate filesystem to minimize RAM usage). The "testing" area is for newly submitted extensions that theoretically work 'as advertised', but may have any number of bugs.
The standard flavour of DSL is the Live CD. There are also other versions available.
A Live USB of Damn Small Linux can be created manually or with UNetbootin.
Swamp blues
Swamp blues is a type of blues music. It is based on the Louisiana blues, but has a more laid back and relaxed feel.
Swamp blues is often linked to J. D. "Jay" Miller's, recording studio in Crowley, Louisiana. Miller released lots of swamp blues recordings on his own labels, as well as on more well known labels. Showing the impact of Swamp Blues on other music, the Rolling Stones played a version of Slim Harpo's "I'm a King Bee," and Neil Young recorded Slim Harpo's "Rainin' In My Heart."
Book of Odes (Bible)
Odes () is a book of the Bible that is only found in Eastern Orthodox Bibles. The chapters are prayers and songs from the Old and New Testaments.
Chapters of this book as presented by Rahlfs are:
1975-76 NHL season
The 1975–76 NHL season was the 59th season of the National Hockey League. Eighteen teams each played 80 games. The Montreal Canadiens set records in wins with 58 and points with 127, beginning a four-year stretch where they would dominate the league in the regular season and win four straight Stanley Cup titles.
The two-time defending Stanley Cup Champions, the Philadelphia Flyers, once again made it to the finals, but lost in four games to the Montreal Canadiens.
Montreal Canadiens vs. Philadelphia Flyers
Communes of the Mayenne department
Ahuillé
Ahuillé is a commune of 1662 people (2006). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Alexain
Ambrières-les-Vallées
Ambrières-les-Vallées is a commune of 2,903 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Ampoigné
Ampoigné is a former commune of 421 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2018, it was merged into the new commune of Prée-d'Anjou.
Andouillé
Andouillé is a commune of 2,310 people (2006). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. It is twinned with the village of Farnsfield, Nottinghamshire.
Argenton-Notre-Dame
Argenton-Notre-Dame is a former commune of 181 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Bierné-les-Villages.
Argentré
Argentré is a commune of 2487 people (2007). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Aron, Mayenne
Arquenay
Assé-le-Bérenger
Assé-le-Bérenger is a commune of 329 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Astillé
Astillé is a commune of 547 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Athée, Mayenne
Athée is a commune of 488 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Averton
Azé, Mayenne
Azé is a former commune of 2,999 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Château-Gontier-sur-Mayenne.
La Baconnière
La Baconnière is a commune of 1,194 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Bais, Mayenne
Ballée
Ballée is a former commune of 719 people (2004). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Val-du-Maine.
Ballots, Mayenne
Bannes, Mayenne
La Bazoge-Montpinçon
La Bazoge-Montpinçon is a commune of 525 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
La Bazouge-de-Chemeré