AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Thunderstorms are rare in winter, mostly because of cold weather. When they happen, it is called thundersnow. Thundersnow is common in blizzards.
Usually there are more clouds in the afternoon than in early morning. This is because the ground has warmed up enough by the afternoon for winds ("updrafts") to blow upward from the ground. When the air has gone high enough, the water vapor in it condenses into a cloud. The height where this happens depends on the temperature and humidity of the air. Sometimes the air can rise up as high as 5,000 to 10,000 feet (1,524 to 3,048 m) before a small cumulus cloud can condense from the invisible water vapor.
High, puffy little clouds do not change until a lot of moisture is added. This moisture helps the updraft. Moisture can add heat, which means the cloud will warm up inside and go up even faster. The moisture makes the cumulus cloud "mushroom" upwards and turn into a tall cumulus cloud. The winds inside this cloud are very strong. Thunder and lightning begins when the top of the cloud is 25,000 feet (7,280 m) high. The inside of the cloud is, by this time, cold enough so that the water drops are turned into ice crystals. A cumulus cloud stops growing when it hits the warm stratosphere. Some thunderstorms grow twice as high as Mount Everest!
Strong upper winds in the stratosphere smooth and spread the top of the cloud. This make the cloud look like the top of a mushroom or an anvil. The ice crystals in the anvil cloud give it a fuzzy look. As a thunderstorm grows, water drops or ice crystals inside the cloud hit and mix with each other, getting bigger. The bottom of the cloud grows dark with water about to fall. When the drops become so heavy that the winds inside the cloud cannot keep them up any more, they fall from the cloud as rain or hail. Even as they fall the water drops grow by mixing with the smaller drops, and makes big raindrops. Hail becomes bigger inside the cloud. One thunderstorm cloud usually runs out of energy in about 30 to 50 minutes. But supercell thunderstorms can last for hours until they dissipate by outflow.
Thunderstorms are very active with electricity and so are also called electrical storms.Lightning is a large electrical discharge that happens between two opposite charged surfaces.
When lightning strikes, energy is let out. This energy moves to the air and makes air spread quickly and send out sound waves. Thunder is the sound that comes from the rapid spread of air along the lightning strike. Thunder is slower than lightning, because light is faster than sound.
Only about 10% of thunderstorms are thought severe. Severe thunderstorms cause high winds of more than , hail 1 inch in diameter (24 mm), flash floods, and tornadoes. Hailstorms damage crops, damage the metal on cars, and break windows. Sudden flash floods that happen because of heavy rains is the biggest reason for weather-related deaths.
Lightning, which happens with all thunderstorms, makes thousands of forest fires each year in the United States. Lightning also kills or injures hundreds of people a year in the United States.
Regular thunderstorms begin when warm air near the ground mix with moist air, which makes an updraft (a wind that goes upward). A severe thunderstorm needs a strong "up"draft and a strong "down"draft. A strong updraft is made when, firstly, the ground is very hot; secondly, when the air is very moist; and thirdly, the air above is very cold. When the updraft gets stronger, so does the thunderstorm.
Flash floods happen when slow-moving thunderstorms pour down much more water than usual in a small area. It rains so hard that the water can not soak into the ground fast enough, and the water rushes down the mountainsides or hills into streams and rivers. These streams and rivers cannot carry all the water, so it quickly floods. The most severe flash flood makes the water level rise dangerously in streams, dry places, or canyons. Flash floods can make terrible mud slides and can move very quickly. They can roll big rocks, tear out trees, and destroy buildings and bridges.
Flash floods can also happen when two or more thunderstorms hit the same spot, one right after the other. They can happen when a dam bursts open or ice breaks up. Flash floods can also happen when it rains very hard on quickly melting snow.
Thunderstorms do not do only damage; however, they can be a great help to man and all living creatures. We get lots of water for many continents during the summer. Plants receive lots of life-giving rain when they need it. Without the thunderstorms, many continents would become dry. Fish would die, crops would fail, and animals would die.
Thunderstorms are also our natural air conditioners. Hot air at the surface rises up into the high atmosphere where the heat is put out into space. Clouds give us shades, and rain can cool down a hot day. Without thunderstorms, the earth would be as much as warmer. In the summer, dust, haze, and other pollutants come together in the lower atmosphere. When the air rises, either in cumulus clouds or in thunderstorms, spreads the pollution higher up into the atmosphere. Rain from thunderstorms washes away many of these pollutants out of the air.
Lightning in thunderstorms also helps keep the electrical balance between the earth and the atmosphere. Lightning is also fertilizer. When it splits through the sky, it changes nitrogen gas in the air to nitrogen compounds. These fall to the ground and are added to the soil. Nitrogen is one of the main ingredients in fertilizer. Ten percent of the nitrogen fertilizer needed for farming is made by lightning.
So, even though thunderstorms are dangerous, they can be a great help. They give summer water, cool the earth, and clean the air. Lightning balances the earth's electricity and helps fertilize the soil. And after a thunderstorm, sometimes there is a rainbow.
Some tips to keep safe in a thunderstorm are:
North Charleston, South Carolina
2012 Atlantic hurricane season
The 2012 Atlantic hurricane season was an above average season in terms of ACE and damage but most storms were week and short lived. It was theevent that occurs when tropical cyclones develop in the Atlantic basin. The season began when Tropical Storm Alberto formed on May 19, 2012. Four days later, Tropical Storm Beryl developed. It became a subtropical storm and on May 27, was upgraded to a tropical storm. This is the first time since the 1908 Atlantic hurricane season that two storms formed before the official start date. The 2012 Atlantic hurricane season began on June 1 and ended on November 30, 2012. There were no storms formed in the month of July.
Tropical Storm Alberto formed on May 19, 2012. It became an "early season storm" because it formed before the official start of the season. Tropical Storm Alberto dissipated on May 22 without making landfall. Its maximun sustatined winds were at 60 miles per hour.
Tropical Storm Beryl developed. It became a subtropical storm and on May 27, was upgraded to a tropical storm. It hit Jacksonville, Florida.
Hurricane Chris was the third tropical system. It formed on June 19. It was also the first hurricane of the season, unexpectedly becoming one. It was in an unfavorable environment, with cool sea waters and moderate vertical wind shear. Chris, after weakening from a hurricane, became a non-tropical cyclone southeast of Newfoundland on June 22.
This system became the record earliest 4th storm, which was broken in 2012. The storm made landfall in Florida, and caused bad flooding. Ten people died.
The following names were used for named storms in the North Atlantic in 2012. The names not retired from this list was used again in the 2018 season. This is the same list used in the 2006 season. The names Kirk, Oscar, Patty, Rafael, Sandy, and Tony were used for Atlantic storms for the first time in 2012. Kirk replaced Keith after 2000, but was not used in 2006.
On April 11, 2013 the name "Sandy" was retired due to the damage and deaths it caused. Sandy was replaced with "Sara" for the 2018 Atlantic hurricane season, Sara wasn't used in 2018.
Poutine
Poutine is a dish from Quebec, Canada that has French fries and cheese curds, covered with brown gravy or sauce. Sometimes more ingredients are added.
It is a fast food dish originally from Quebec sold by many national and international fast food chains like SourKeys, A&W, KFC and Burger King.
Bobby Pulido
Aichi Prefecture
Aichi prefecture was created by merging Owari Province and Mikawa Province.
Aichi has a strong industry. Cars are made here. Commerce, farming and fishing are also important areas of the economy.
Aichi faces Ise Bay and Mikawa Bay to the south.
The prefecture borders Shizuoka Prefecture to the east, Nagano Prefecture to the northeast, Gifu Prefecture to the north, and Mie Prefecture to the west.
National Parks are established in about 17% of the total land area of the prefecture.
"Oguni jinja", "Kotonomama Hachiman-gū", "Sengen jinja" and "Mishima jinja" are the chief Shinto shrines ("ichinomiya") in the prefecture.
Dylan Sprouse
Dylan Thomas Sprouse (born August 4, 1992) is an American actor and businessman. He is the twin brother of Cole Sprouse. He is known for his role as Zack Martin on the Disney Channel series "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody" and its spin-off, "The Suite Life on Deck".
He is also the co-founder of a New York brewery called All-Wise Meadery.
Cole Sprouse
Cole Mitchell Sprouse (born August 4, 1992) is an American actor. He is the twin brother of Dylan Sprouse.
He is known for his role as Cody Martin on the Disney Channel series "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody" and its spinoff "The Suite Life on Deck". In 2017, Sprouse began starring as Jughead Jones on The CW television series "Riverdale".
Emilio Navaira
Emilio H. Navaira III (August 23, 1962 – May 16, 2016) was an American musician and singer-songwriter. He was considered the "King of Tejano music". He won more awards at the Tejano Music Awards than any other male Tejano singer. He was born in San Antonio, Texas.
Emilio usually sings Mexican music and country music. Emilio's first country music single called "It's Not the End of the World" which reached the Top 30 on the country charts in 1995. In 1993, Emilio recorded a duet with Selena ("Queen of Tejano music") for her live album "Selena Live!". Emilio has been in several car accidents and had been locked up for DUI.
Navaira died in New Braunfels, Texas from a massive heart attack on May 16, 2016, aged 53.
Box-set
A box-set is a package of compact discs, DVDs, or similar items that come in a special box.
Music box-sets can be remix albums, compilation albums or greatest hits albums that represents an artist's best works during their career. Box-sets are usually priced more than what regular CDs cost.
Box-sets for movies and television can contain extra scenes, behind-the-scenes, and interviews with the cast. A box-set for a television series can contain all the episodes for one season. A movie box-set can contain all the movies in a series.
Kenzō Tange
Tange was born in Osaka. He grew up in the small city of Imabari in Ehime Prefecture on the island of Shikoku in 1913.
Tange studied film at Nihon University to avoid joining the military.
In 1935, he began studying architecture at the University of Tokyo. Hideto Kishida and Shozo Uchida were two of his teachers.
Tange won a contest to design the Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere Memorial Hall in 1942.
After the war, he became a professor at the University of Tokyo and taught such architects as Arata Isozaki, Koji Kamiya, Kisho Kurokawa, Fumihiko Maki and Sachio Otani.
Tange was in charge of the rebuilding Hiroshima after World War II. He designed the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum.
In 1959-60 Tange was a founding member of the architectural movement called Metabolism.
In 1987, Tange won the Pritzker Prize.
Ryan Braun (born November 17, 1983) is a baseball player for the Milwaukee Brewers of Major League Baseball (MLB). He is an outfielder who plays in left field. He started his career as a Major leaguer in 2007 and won the Rookie of the Year award in 2007. He was a National League All Star in 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011, and was the Most Valuable Player (MVP) in the National League in 2011.
Before playing in the major leagues, Braun played college baseball at the University of Miami. The Brewers chose him with the fifth pick in the 2005 MLB draft.
Braun is Jewish, and has said, "being Jewish is something I take great pride in". He has been nicknamed "the Hebrew Hammer".
Jacksonville, North Carolina
Jacksonville is a city in southeastern North Carolina.
West Des Moines, Iowa
West Des Moines is a city in central Iowa. It's a suburb of Des Moines, Iowa. It is the place where 12-year-old Johnny Gosch disappeared in 1982.
Los Tres Reyes
Hlinsko
Hlinsko is a small city in east Bohemia in the Czech Republic. It is on the banks of the Chrudimka river, in the Bohemian-Moravian highlands on the border of the Iron Mountains. Hlinsko belongs to the Pardubice region. It has about 10,000 inhabitants. Hlinsko is about 590 meters away over the sea.
In the 11th century, there was created a potter’s camp on the route from Bohemia to Moravia. From there is taken name of the city, which comes from the word “hlína” (clay, material used by potters). First historical remark about Hlinsko comes from first half of 14th century.
From this time, Hlinsko belongs to domination of Rychmburk, which belongs to Tas from Rychmburk, later to Vartenberk and next to Arnošt Flaška from Pardubice. In this century, city obtained reeve’s department.
There was an old merchant’s route passing through Hlinsko, which was drawed in the Klaudián’s map from year 1518. In 1718, clan Kinských bought Rychmburk’s domination.
In 1834, Hlinsko became independent on authorities. In 1850, there was created district in Hlinsko. In 1871 was finished construction of the railroad and began traffic on the road from Pardubice to Havlíčkův Brod (passing through Hlinsko).
There are many well-preserved people’s buildings in Hlinsko and its neighborhood already from half of 18th century. In part of Hlinsko it is Betlém, in neighborhood it is outdoor museum of people’s architecture in Veselý Kopec, Dřevíkov, Svobodné Hamry and Možděnice. There is camp Ležáky about 10 kilometers from Hlinsko, which was burned by Nazis during World War Two.
In modern history, Hlinsko was district city in years 1949 – 1960, after 1960 city lost benefit of district and it was integrated to Chrudimský district against will of its exponents. City became administrative centre once again in 1.1.2003 after reform of public administration, when Hlinsko became city of third level (city with extended scope).
Set of people’s buildings is on right bank of Chrudimka river. Before it was part of the city formed by timbered cottages, in which potters and tailors lived. Building material was mainly wood, wall was only in part around heater.
In 1995, Betlém was declared as monumental reservation of people’s architecture.
Many of buildings was renewed. Visitors can look over here how people lived and what traditions they had. There take place periodical exhibitions, too.
There are expositions from history of Hlinsko district in museum. Visitors can find here a memorial hall of Adámků’s family, learn about history of education, crafting… They can see examples of contemporary suits and fashion accessories. There is permanent exposition of reliefs from Karel Lidický, and an exhibition of images. Name of this exhibition is “Výtvarné Hlinecko” and some of exhibited images are borrowed from National gallery.
For cultural self-realization is there cinema and theater.
For book lovers is there Hlinsko’s library, which has two sections: child’s and adult’s.
City’s cultural club Hlinečan offers a wide spectrum of theater shows, concerts, lectures and social actions for inhabitants of Hlinsko and its region. They are organized in Chamber theatre or in local Sokol house.
Every year there are organized Adámek’s folklore celebrations. There are concerned groups not only from Czech republic, but also from abroad. Groups Vysočan and Vysočánek are representing Hlinsko.
Hlinsko produce Hlinsko’s news, which appears every month.
City has also its own TV – Cable’s information service.
The biggest companies in Hlinsko:
Children from Hlinsko can attend three nursery schools. Next they can study at one of three primary schools (Ležáků, Smetanova, Resslova). There is also a special school for children with defects in writing, reading or counting.
There is also one secondary grammar school, Karel Václav Rais’s in Hlinsko. It offers four-year and eight-year study.
Parents can sign on their children to art school. It offers education in most artistic disciplines.
In city stadium with grassy playground there is possible to practice summer sports. It is possible to use covered swimming pool with sauna.
In winter, friends of ice-skating and ice-hockey can use winter stadium or ski lifts, running tracks and hills for sledging.
Sacagawea (c. 1788 – c. December 20, 1812; was a Lemhi Shoshone woman, who went along with the Lewis and Clark Expedition as an interpreter and guide. Lewis and Clark explored the Western United States with her, traveling thousands of miles from North Dakota to the Pacific Ocean between 1804 and 1806.
Sacagawea is well remembered today. When many people think about Lewis and Clark today, they also think about Sacagawea.
In 2000, the United States Mint issued the Sacagawea dollar coin in her honor, showing Sacagawea and her son, Jean Baptiste Charbonneau. The face on the coin was made to look like a modern Shoshone-Bannock woman named Randy'L He-dow Teton. This was because nobody knows exactly what Sacagawea looked like.
In 2001, she was given the title of Honorary Sergeant, Regular Army, by President Bill Clinton.
There is little information that is definitively known about Sacagawea.
At about thirteen years of age, Sacagawea was taken as a wife by Toussaint Charbonneau, a Quebecer trapper living in the village. He had also taken another young Shoshone named Otter Woman as a wife.
Sacagawea was pregnant with her first child when the Corps of Discovery arrived near the Hidatsa villages to spend the winter of 1804–1805. Captains Meriwether Lewis and William Clark built Fort Mandan. They interviewed several trappers who might be able to interpret or guide the expedition up the Missouri River in the springtime. They agreed to hire Charbonneau as an interpreter when they discovered his wife spoke Shoshone, as they knew they would need the help of Shoshone tribes at the headwaters of the Missouri.
Lewis wrote in his journal on November 4, 1804:
Charbonneau and Sacagawea moved into the expedition's fort a week later. Clark nicknamed her Janey. Lewis wrote about the birth of Jean Baptiste Charbonneau on February 11, 1805.
In April, the expedition left Fort Mandan and headed up the Missouri River in "pirogues". They had to be poled against the current and sometimes pulled from the riverbanks. On May 14, 1805, Sacagawea rescued items that had fallen out of a capsized boat, including the journals and records of Lewis and Clark. The corps commanders, who praised her quick action, named the Sacagawea River in her honor on May 20.
By August 1805, the corps had found a Shoshone tribe and was trying to trade for horses to cross the Rocky Mountains. They used Sacagawea to interpret and discovered that the tribe's chief was her brother Cameahwait.
Lewis recorded their reunion in his journal:
And Clark in his:
The Shoshone agreed to trade horses to the group, and to provide guides to lead them over the cold and barren Rocky Mountains. The trip was so hard that they were had to eat candles just to live. When they went down into the more temperate regions on the other side, Sacagawea helped to find and cook camas roots to help them get their strength back.
As the expedition approached the mouth of the Columbia River on the Pacific Coast, Sacagawea gave up her beaded belt to let the captains trade for a fur robe they wanted to give to President Thomas Jefferson.
On the trip back, they came near the Rocky Mountains in July 1806. On July 6, Clark wrote "The Indian woman informed me that she had been in this plain frequently and knew it well... She said we would discover a gap in the mountains in our direction..." which is now Gibbons Pass. A week later, on July 13, Sacagawea told Clark to cross into the Yellowstone River basin at what is now known as Bozeman Pass. This was later chosen as the best route for the Northern Pacific Railway to cross the continental divide.
While Sacagawea has been thought of as a guide for the expedition, she probably only gave directions a few times. Her work as an interpreter certainly helped the party to talk with the Shoshone. However, the most important thing she did for the group may have been being there during the hard journey, which showed they did not want to attack any Native Americans they came across. While traveling through what is now Franklin County, Washington, Clark noted, "The Indian woman confirmed those people of our friendly intentions, as no woman ever accompanies a war party of Indians in this quarter," and, "the wife of Shabono our interpreter we find reconciles all the Indians, as to our friendly intentions a woman with a party of men is a token of peace."
After the expedition, Charbonneau and Sacagawea spent three years among the Hidatsa before accepting William Clark's invitation to live in St. Louis, Missouri in 1809.
Sacagawea gave birth to a daughter, Lizette, sometime after 1810. According to Bonnie "Spirit Wind-Walker" Butterfield, historical documents say that Sacagawea died in 1812 of an unknown sickness:
As further proof that Sacagawea died in 1812, Butterfield writes:
"An adoption document made in the Orphans Court Records in St. Louis, Missouri states, 'On August 11, 1813, William Clark became the guardian of 'Tousant Charbonneau, a boy about ten years, and Lizette Charbonneau, a girl about one year old.' For a Missouri State Court at the time, to designate a child as orphaned and to allow an adoption, both parents had to be confirmed dead in court papers."
Australasia at the Olympics
Australasia at the Olympics is a history which includes 2 games in 2 countries and 53 athletes. Since 1908, Australasia (ANZ) has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".
Australasia's team first competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London.
Australasia was the name of a combined team of athletes from Australia and New Zealand. They competed together at the 1908 and 1912 Summer Olympics. When the Olympic Games started up again in 1920 after World War I, the two countries sent separate teams to the Games.
The Australasia team won a total of twelve medals in the two games in which they competed. Most of these were in swimming. One New Zealander won a medal in 1908. Harry Kerr won a bronze in athletics. In 1912, two New Zealanders won medals. Malcolm Champion won a gold in swimming. Tony Wilding won a bronze in tennis. All other medalists for Australasia were Australians.
Heroes of Might &amp; Magic VI
Heroes of Might & Magic VI is a computer game issued by Ubisoft. It was released in October 2011. The game is the sixth episode of the "Might & Magic" series.
Game play is turn-based strategy, with the options of single- or multi-player. It is animated. The story continues from the previous episode and is basically told in the introduction. Styles of multiplayer include hot seat offline or online over the internet. Offline and online saves are not compatible.
The game looks like the 5th version. The focus of the game is battles, and to a lesser extent the adventure map. Resources found in earlier versions of the game (sulfur, diamonds or mercury) are not used in this version.
Generation kill
Generation Kill is a book written by Evan Wright in 2004. In 2003, American reporter Evan Wright joined members of the reconnaissance battalion of United States Marine Corps. As a war reporter with them he spent forty days in the first line of the invasion in Iraq. He described the way to Baghdad, first in articles for "Rolling Stone" magazine, and later in the book which became model for same-named seven-part miniseries. At the beginning of the book we can find a list of the main characters and a dictionary of abbreviations. The book has a prologue, 35 chapters and an epilogue. At the end of the book is thanks to members of the United States Marine Corps. In the text we can see photos taken by Evan Wright.
The story begins when Reporter (a nickname for Wright) first met the soldiers with whom he spent the whole time. Evan is assigned to a team whose team leader is sergeant Brad Colbert, nicknamed Iceman. Brad sits on the passenger seat. The driver is corporal Ray Person, The rear driver is James Trombley, the youngest member of the team, who is nineteen years old. Next to him is the main shooter, Corporal Walt Hassher. On the rear passenger seat is Reporter.
The book describes the passion for fighting, army humor and an aggressive way of war. The author gives a true view of the American army, their broken supply and some poor leadership skills. The book became very popular in America and got many awards.
Jawa Motors
Jawa Motors makes motorcycles and mopeds. The company started in 1927. owned an ammunition factory in Czechoslovakia. The company needed a new product to make because army production was stopped. The name JAWA comes from the first two letters of words Janeček (factory owner) and Wanderer (factory name).
In 1932 František Janeček sold a new motorbike--the Jawa 175 Villiers. It was simple motorbike. It was popular because it was light weight. By 1935, 3000 of these motorbikes were produced.
In 1935 the same frame used engine JAWA 350 OHV. This motorbike was stronger and more luxury than previous type 175 Villiers. There was more chrome parts and a built-in speedometer. 4000 were produced.
The smallest Jawa motorbike before World War II was the Jawa 100 Robot. It was a small moped. About 12,000 were produced.
The start of World War II meant the end of motorbike production. Lots of motorbikes projects was created illegally, but only one realized, Jawa 350.
In 1952 was produced one of travelling motorbike Jawa 500 OHC, there was used four stroke engine. This motorbike is used by the police and the army.
To the 1960 JAWA cooperated with many countries, for example India, Turkey, Egypt. Firm IDEAL MOTORD in Majsur in India bought licences from Jawa mostly.
In 1970 Jawa produced the "BIZON“ series, and after that Jawa 634, which were modernized to model 640. Jawa 638-640 has engine 350ccm, it is robust and favourite motorbike in class motorbike.
JAWA produced a lot´s of models of mopeds, for example JAWA 50 types 20,21 named „pionýr“ or „pařez“ This motorbikes were mostly sell in SSSR.
Today Jawa is sold in many European countries. The newest models are JAWA 660, JAWA 125 and 50 Dandy, JAWA 250, 350 and. Basic of motorbikes is really the same like 70 years ago, but it is very modernized, mainly motors. Today stronger four-stroke motors are used, two-stroke motors are used to 350ccm.
In 1933 Jawa started to produce small cars. Ing. Janeček bought a licence from German Meisterklasse DKW. It was called JAWA 700. To 1934 was produced some one thousand cars of this type, because sale was full of small cars, so JAWA produced more motorbikes than cars, in season before war were motorbikes more favourite.
Frank Macfarlane Burnet
Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet (3 September 1899 - 31 August 1985) was an Australian virologist. In 1960, He was given a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work dealing with immunology.
George Burns (born Nathan Birnbaum, January 20, 1896– March 9, 1996), was an American comedian, actor, and writer.
He was well-known for his comedy routines with his wife, Gracie Allen, involving her tall tales about her relatives. The "Burns & Allen Show" was broadcast on radio from 1942 to 1950 and on television from 1950 to 1958.
Cathedral of the Holy Spirit (Czech Republic)
The Cathedral of St. Ducha ("the holy spirit") is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. It was built in 1307. It was built by order of Eliška Rejčka because the church of St. Klement was too small. The church was burned and rebuilt several times between the 14th and 16th centuries. In the 17th century, the church was plundered by Swedish soldiers. In 1664, Pope Alexander VII blessed the church as a cathedral. The last repairs were done after World War II.
The cathedral has an old Gothic altar from the end of the 15th century. It also has an early baroque altar from the 17th century. There is a portrait of St. Antoním by Petr Brandla, a pastoforium made by Matej Rejsem and a pulpit by Josef Myslbek. Under the cathedral are 3 crypts. There is a legend about one of them. In the legend, Jan Žižka z Trocnova, a famous Hussite commander, was buried there for a short time. In the towers are 4 bells named Leopold, Klement, Václav and Michal.
There are services every day. On Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday, services are at 18:30. On Sunday, services are at 6:30, 9:30 and 11:00. There is a special service for children on Wednesdays at 17:30. People can visit the interior of the cathedral during worship.
BIGBANG 2
BIGBANG 2 is the third Japanese album of South Korean boy band, Big Bang. It was released on May 11, 2011 and this album had 3 singles to date: "Let Me Hear Your Voice", "Tell Me Goodbye", and "Beautiful Hangover".
Computer network
A computer network is a group of two or more computers that are linked together. Networks are usually used to share resources, exchange files or communicate with other users.
Other devices are often needed for the network to work correctly. Examples for such devices include hubs and switches. Different kinds of network can be connected to each other with a router. In general, networks that use cables to connect can operate at higher speeds than those using wireless technology.
A Local Area Network (LAN) connects computers which are close together. Building a LAN is easier than connecting different networks (by a Wide Area Network). The largest Wide Area Network is the Internet. (Different Area Networks are classified based on their range.)
Computers can be part of several different networks. Networks can also be parts of bigger networks. The "local area network" in a small business is usually connected to the "corporate network" of the larger company. These connections may allow access to the "Internet". For example, a shop may use it to show merchandise on its Web site through a web server, or to convert received orders into shipping instructions.
A network must be connected with appropriate hardware. This can be wired or wireless. For a simple LAN, computers, media and peripherals are sufficient. WANs (wide area networks) and some large LANs (local area networks) need some additional devices like a bridge, gateway or router to connect different small or large networks.
A network needs a communication protocol (a system for exchanging messages between computing systems.) Microsoft Windows, Linux and most other operating systems use TCP/IP. Apple Macintosh computers used Appletalk in the 20th century, but use TCP/IP now.
One large network of communication technology would be difficult to implement. As a result, we split up various components of the network into smaller modules or layers. The standard model of a network is the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model set by the International Organization Standard (ISO).
Other network models exist, though they are all split into similar layers. Each layer uses the services that the layer below provides, while providing services for the layer above it. Each layer can only communicate with the same layer on the destination device.
OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) is a 7-layer network model specified by ISO (International Organization for Standardization) norm and is widely used all around the world. The concept of a seven-layer model was provided by the work of Charles Bachman, Honeywell information Services. Various aspects of OSI design evolved from experiences with the ARPANET, NPLNET, EIN and CYCLADES networks and the work in IFIP WG6.1.
The physical layer defines electrical and physical specifications for devices. It also specifies modulated and baseband transmission.
Baseband is digital data in their raw form (in binary, the language understood by the computer in the form of 0s and 1s - 1001 1101 1010 0011). This allows very fast and reliable transmission over short distances; however, the media tend to make the bits interfere with each other, the range of baseband transmission is very limited. It becomes worse with increasing speed. Baseband technology is frequently used on LAN.
Typical technology: Ethernet cables
In telecommunications, modulation is the process of conveying a message signal, for example a digital bit stream or an analog audio signal, inside another signal that can be physically transmitted. The device that provides modulation of the baseband signal is called a modulator, and the device that provides demodulation of the modulated signal back to baseband is called a demodulator. Today, the modulator and demodulator are integrated into one device called Modem (modulator-demodulator). Frequently used on WAN, WLAN, WWAN.
Typical technology: WI-FI, ADSL, cable TV connection (CATV)
The data link layer provides the functional and procedural means to transfer data between network entities and to detect and possibly correct errors that may occur in the physical layer.
The network layer provides the functional and procedural means of transferring variable length data sequences from a source host on one network to a destination host on a different network using the IP address.
An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer) participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. At present there are two versions of protocols in use – IPv4 and IPv6.
The transport layer provides transparent transfer of data between end users, providing reliable data transfer services to the upper layers. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) of the Internet Protocol Suite are commonly categorized as layer-4 protocols within OSI.
Commonly united into one layer in simplified network models, its main purpose is to interact with applications, encrypting and establishing dedicated connections if necessary.
Latency, incorrectly called ping, is a value that measures how much time packets need to travel to their destination. It is measured in miliseconds (ms). The tool that measures latency is called ping, commonly using special ICMP packets which are smaller than standard data packets so they do not weight the network by their presence.
Capacity is a measure of transfer capacity of a network and is measured in bits per second (bps or b/s), today commonly Mbps or Mb/s. It shows us how many data units are transferred each second. At present, the average bandwidth is far higher than is necessary and it is not a limiting factor in most cases.
Broadcast is a special transmission that is not meant for a single device but is addressed to all devices in specific network. It is mostly used to automatically issue IP addresses to devices by a DHCP server and to create an ARP table that maps the network and speeds up the traffic.
DFC Heidenreichstein
The DFC Heidenreichstein is a woman´s football club from Heidenreichstein, Lower Austria, Austria. The club is playing in the Landesliga Niederösterreich, the third level in Austrian women´s soccer. Many years they were part of the ÖFB-Frauenliga, the highest level in Austrian women soccer.
The club was founded in 1981 as part of the FC Heidenreichstein. Soon the women department became independent. 1985 they played in the Damenliga Ost, which was the second level in women soccer. 1987 they were promoted for the first time in the ÖFB-Frauenliga (first level). 1990 they were relegated but came back in 1992. In 1993/94 they reached the third place in the ÖFB-Frauenliga which was the best place ever. In the 1992/93 season the club reached the final of the ÖFB-Ladies Cup. They lost 2:0 versus Union Kleinmünchen Linz. Also the 1994/95 cup final was lost versus Kleinmünchen. 1998 they were again relegated and played till 2009 in the second level. 2009 they were again relegated and at present they play in the Landesliga Niederösterreich,which is the third level.
as November 2011
GK-goalkeeper, DF-defence, MF- midfielder, FW-forward
Chuvash Wikipedia
The Chuvash Wikipedia () is the Chuvash language edition of Wikipedia. It was founded on November 22, 2004. Its 5,000th article was created in January 2007. On November 11, 2016, it passed 36,000 articles.
Rules in Chuvash Wikipedia are not as flexible in disputes as they are on English Wikipedia. Many things can be resolved through an . An arbitration committee can help with disagreements about things in articles, block users or stop certain users from editing articles on certain topics. Misuse of an administrator's privileges can also be easily appealed.
The Chuvash Wikipedia accepts fair use content. Many things are allowed. One thing that is not allowed is categorizing or listing people based on their ethnicity, religion or sexual orientation. Such categories are usually not allowed unless the category is relevant to the main activity of a person.
The Chuvash Wikipedia was created on November 22, 2004.
ChuvashTet
ChuvashTet (short for "Chuvash Internet"), () is the name Chuvash-speaking Internet users commonly use for the segment of the Web about the Chuvash people or Chuvashia. It includes webpages and websites in many languages.
Chuvash Internet users employ Latin and Cyrillic scripts.
Alikovo, Alikovsky District, Chuvash Republic
Alikovo (; , "Elĕk") is a locality (a "selo") and the administrative center of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is south of Cheboksary, on the Cheboksary—Krasnye Chetai and Cheboksary—Yadrin auto routes. Most of the 2,500 people who live there are Chuvash.
The Abashyrma River flows near Alikovo; and the closest village is Siner.
It was first mentioned in 1486.
The climate is moderately continental, with long cold winters and warm summers. Average January temperature is ; average July temperature is . The absolute recorded low was and the record high was . Annual precipitation is up to .
The facilities include a culture center, a theater, a library, a medical clinic, and stores. There is also a postal office, a stadium, a restaurant and cafés, and several gas stations. A market is open on Thursdays. There are two parks—central and one named after Andriyan Nikolayev.
Educational facilities include a middle school and a music school.
Cultural facilities include a museum, a people's theater, a people's ensemble, a veteran's orchestra, a school's brass band, and a chorus. International Chuvash music festival "Vir'yal shevlisem" ("Vir'yal's pancakes") is held during summers.
Industry in Alikovo is represented by a building plant, branches of banks and insurance companies, telecommunication offices, and building companies.
Khirlepposi
Khirlepposi or Khirleppos' Melesh (; , "Hirleppuş Mĕlĕš") is a locality (a village) in Tautovskoye Rural Settlement of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia, located west of Alikovo, the administrative center of the district. Population: 245 (2006 est.), mostly females; 539 (1926); 482 (1907); 141 (1859).
The name of the village is derived from the Chuvash words "" (the name of the river flowing through the village) and "" ("beginning"). "" was the name of the first settler.
The Khirlep River flows through the village.
Cheboksary–Alikovo–Krasnye Chetai auto route passes near the village.
The village was first mentioned in July 1774, when Yemelyan Pugachev passed near it. First school in Khirlepposi opened in 1895.
As the village grew, some of its residents moved out to found new villages in Alikovsky (Small Melesh (or Pavlooshkan'), Toropkasy, New Selo (now it's Azamat), Khitekooshkan', Khoravary) and Krasnochetaisky (Melesh) Districts.
Until 1927, Khirlepposi was a part of Alikovskaya Volost of Yadrinsky Uyezd. On July 1, 1927, the village was incorporated into Alikovsky District and on December 20, 1962 it was transferred to Vurnarsky District. On March 14, 1965, it was returned to Alikovsky District.
The facilities in Khirlepposi include a club, a library, a first-aid post, and a store.
There are five streets in the village: Tsentralnaya (, earlier ), Komsomolskaya (), Kooperativnaya (), Pereulochnaya (, earlier and ), and Shkolnaya ().
The climate is moderately continental, with long cold winters and warm summers. Average January temperature is ; average July temperature is . Record low of was recorded in 1979, and the record high was . Average annual precipitation is up to .
Tautovskoye Rural Settlement
Tautovskoye Rural Settlement (; , "Tavăt jal tărăkhĕ") is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the central part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a village) of Tautovo. Rural settlement's population: 2,532 (2006 est.).
Tautovskoye Rural Settlement comprises eleven rural localities.
The Cheboksary–Krasnye Chetai highway crosses the territory of the rural settlement.
Alikovskoye Rural Settlement
Alikovskoye Rural Settlement (; , "Elĕk jal tărăkhĕ") is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is in the central part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a "selo") of Alikovo. Rural settlement's population: 4,291 (2006 est.).
Alikovskoye Rural Settlement comprises ten rural localities.
The Cheboksary–Yadrin and the Cheboksary–Krasnye Chetai highways cross the territory of the rural settlement.
Bolshevylskoye Rural Settlement
Bolshevylskoye Rural Settlement (; , "Măn Vylă jal tărăkhĕ") is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the central part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a village) of Bolshaya Vyla. Rural settlement's population: 1,279 (2006 est.).
Bolshevylskoye Rural Settlement comprises three rural localities.
The Cheboksary–Yadrin highway crosses the territory of the rural settlement.
Chuvashsko-Sorminskoye Rural Settlement
Chuvashsko-Sorminskoye Rural Settlement or Chuvash-Sorma Rural Settlement (; , "Chăvash Surăm yal tărăkhĕ") is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the eastern part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a "selo") of Chuvashskaya Sorma. Rural settlement's population: 1,758 (2006 est.).
Chuvashsko-Sorminskoye Rural Settlement comprises sixteen rural localities.
KB can mean any of the following:
Kilobit
Krymzaraykinskoye Rural Settlement
Krymzaraykinskoye Rural Settlement (; , "Krymzaraykă jal tărăkhĕ") is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the central part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a "selo") of Krymzaraykino. Rural settlement's population: 1,081 (2006 est.).
Krymzaraykinskoye Rural Settlement comprises nine rural localities.
Pitishevskoye Rural Settlement
Pitishevskoye Rural Settlement (; , "Yountapa jal tărăkhĕ") is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the central part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a village) of Pitishevo. Rural settlement's population: 1,095 (2006 est.).
Pitishevskoye Rural Settlement comprises six rural localities.
Raskildinskoye Rural Settlement
Raskildinskoye Rural Settlement (; , "Uraskilt jal tărăkhĕ") is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the western part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a "selo") of Raskildino. Rural settlement's population: 1,366 (2006 est.).
Raskildinskoye Rural Settlement comprises five rural localities.
The Cheboksary–Yadrin and Cheboksary–Krasnye Chetai highways cross the territory of the rural settlement.
Shumshevashskoye Rural Settlement
Shumshevashskoye Rural Settlement (; , "Shĕmshesh jal tărăkhĕ") is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the central part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a "selo") of Shumshevashi. Rural settlement's population: 2,289 (2006 est.).
Shumshevashskoye Rural Settlement comprises nineteen rural localities.
The Alikovo–Shumshevashi highway crosses the territory of the rural settlement.
Teneyevskoye Rural Settlement
Teneyevskoye Rural Settlement (; , "Teni jal tărăkhĕ") is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the central part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a "selo") of Teneyevo. Rural settlement's population: 900 (2006 est.).
Teneyevskoye Rural Settlement comprises five rural localities.
The Alikovo–Tautovo highway crosses the territory of the rural settlement.
Yandobinskoye Rural Settlement
Yandobinskoye Rural Settlement (; , "Yountapa jal tărăkhĕ") is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the central part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a "selo") of Yandoba. Rural settlement's population: 1,081 (2006 est.).
Yandobinskoye Rural Settlement comprises twelve rural localities.
The Cheboksary–Alikovo highway crosses the territory of the rural settlement.
Yefremkasinskoye Rural Settlement
Yefremkasinskoye Rural Settlement (; , "Yountapa jal tărăkhĕ") is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the central part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a village) of Yefremkasy. Rural settlement's population: 2,608 (2006 est.).
Yefremkasinskoye Rural Settlement comprises thirteen rural localities.
The Cheboksary–Vurnary highway crosses the territory of the rural settlement.
Nikolay Yut
Nikoláj Jákovlevič Jut —( & ), 30 July 1898 in village Siner of Alikovsky District, Chuvash Republic (Russia) - 27 March 1967 in Shumerlya) was a Chuvash writer, folklorist and literature critic.
Nikolai Yut was born in the village of Siner, which is now in Alikovsky District, Chuvash Republic, Russia. He graduated from the Simbir Chuvashia teachers School. He then graduated from the Communist University of Peoples of the East in 1923. He completed graduate studies at the Institute of History of Material Culture of the USSR from 1923–1925. Jut was the editor of the newspaper "Canvas". He was head of the Chuvashia Writers association from 1923–1925. He was the author of numerous literary-critical articles. He was the Author of "A brief sketch of Chuvash Folk Poetry" (1928). Jut was a USSR writers Union’s member (1934). He was critical of members of the regional committee accusing them of sloppiness. For this he was expelled from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He was later reinstated. He had a significant influence on the literature of his time.
Yut served in the Russian Civil War and World War II. He was arrested in 1937, he was released in 1943. Yut was rehabilitated in 1956. He died on 27 March 1967 in Shumerlya.
Arcady Aris
Arcady Aris —( & , January 29, 1901 in village Siner of Alikovsky District, Chuvash Republic (Russia) - November 14, 1941GULAG, Siberia)— Chuvash writer and literature critic.
USSR writers Union’s member (1934)
Arcady Aris born 1901 January 29 in village Siner (now it's in Alikovsky District, Chuvash Republic) (Russia).
He was a participant of Russian Civil War, was repressed in 1937.
Writer died in 1941, November 14 in GULAG (Siberia).
Robert Moresco
Robert "Bobby" Moresco is a Hollywood screenwriter. Some of the movies he has written for are "10th & Wolf" and "Crash". He won an Academy Award for "Crash". He also was a producer of "Crash". He has acted in three movies. He wrote scripts for the television series "EZ Streets", "Millennium" and "The Black Donnellys".