AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The SWAC is one of two conferences (the other being the Ivy League) which do not take part in postseason play in the FCS football tournament. It is the only one of the two whose members offer a full range of scholarships for football. The SWAC instead splits its schools into two divisions, and plays a conference championship game. Furthermore, one SWAC game, the Bayou Classic between Southern and Grambling State, is positioned on the schedule after the NCAA tournament has begun. In addition, Alabama State plays Division II rival Tuskegee annually on Thanksgiving Day (The Turkey Day Classic).
In 1920, athletic officials from six Texas HBCUs – C.H. Fuller of Bishop College, Red Randolph and C.H. Patterson of Paul Quinn College, E.G. Evans, H.J. Evans and H.J. Starns of Prairie View A&M, D.C. Fuller of Texas College and G. Whitte Jordan of Wiley College – met in Houston, Texas, to discuss common interests. At this meeting, they agreed to form a new league, the SWAC.
Paul Quinn became the first of the original members to leave the league when it did so in 1929. When Langston University of Oklahoma was allowed into the conference two years later, it began the migration of state-supported institutions into the SWAC. Southern University entered the league in 1934. Arkansas AM&N entered in 1936 and Texas Southern University in 1954.
As the state-supported schools became bigger, it became difficult for the church-supported schools to pay for their sports teams. Soon the church-supported schools started to leave the conference. Bishop withdrew from the conference in 1956, Langston in 1957 and Huston-Tillotson (formerly Samuel Huston) in 1959. That happened one year after two more state-supported schools entered the league (Grambling College and Jackson State College). The enter-exit cycle continued in 1961 when Texas College withdrew, followed by the entrance of Alcorn A&M in 1962. Wiley left in 1968, the same year Mississippi Valley State College entered. Arkansas AM&N exited in 1970 and Alabama State University entered in 1982. Arkansas-Pine Bluff (formerly Arkansas AM&N) rejoined the SWAC on July 1, 1997, regaining full-member status one year later. Alabama A&M University became the conference’s tenth member when it became a full member in September, 1999 after a one year period as an affiliate SWAC member.
Current championship competition offered by the SWAC includes competition for men in baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, indoor track, outdoor track & field and tennis. Women’s competition is offered in the sports of basketball, bowling, cross country, golf, indoor track, outdoor track & field, soccer, softball, tennis and volleyball.
There are currently 10 members in the SWAC.
All games at were played at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama.
Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award
The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is a Major League Baseball (MLB) award given each year to one outstanding player in the American and National Leagues. Since 1931, it has been awarded by the Baseball Writers Association of America (BBWAA). The winner receives the Kenesaw Mountain Landis Memorial Baseball Award. The award is named in honor of the first MLB commissioner. Landis served from 1920 to 1944. MVP voting takes place before the postseason. The results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began asking three writers in each league city in 1938. They made that number two per league city in 1961.
First basemen, with 34 winners, have won the most MVPs among infielders. This is followed by second basemen (16), third basemen (15), and shortstops (15). Of the twenty-four pitchers who have won the award, fifteen are right-handed while nine are left-handed. Walter Johnson, Carl Hubbell, and Hal Newhouser are the only pitchers to win more than once. Newhouser won his in back-to-back seasons, 1944 and 1945. Stan Musial, Alex Rodriguez, and Robin Yount have won at different positions. Rodriguez is the only player to win the award with two different teams at two different positions. Barry Bonds has won the most often (seven times). He has also won it the most times in a row (2001–2004). Jimmie Foxx was the first player to win more than once. Nine players have won three times and 19 have won twice.
The award's only tie occurred in the National League in 1979 when Keith Hernandez and Willie Stargell received the same amount of points. There have been 17 unanimous winners, meaning they received all the first-place votes. The New York Yankees have the most winning players with 22. The St. Louis Cardinals have the second most with 17 winners. Five teams have not had a winner. The most recent winners are Mike Trout in the American League and Clayton Kershaw in the National League.
Before the 1910 season, Hugh Chalmers of Chalmers Automobile announced he would present a Chalmers Model 30 automobile to the player with the highest batting average in Major League Baseball at the end of the season. The 1910 race for best average in the American League was between the Detroit Tigers' widely disliked Ty Cobb and Nap Lajoie of the Cleveland Indians. On the last day of the season, Lajoie overtook Cobb's batting average with seven bunt hits against the St. Louis Browns. American League President Ban Johnson said a recalculation showed that Cobb had won the race anyway. Chalmers ended up giving cars to both players.
The following season, Chalmers created the Chalmers Award. A committee of baseball writers were to come together after the season to determine the "most important and useful player to the club and to the league". Since the award was not as useful at advertising as Chalmers had hoped, it was discontinued after 1914.
In 1922 the American League created a new award to honor "the baseball player who is of the greatest all-around service to his club". Winners, voted on by a committee of eight baseball writers chaired by James Crusinberry, received a bronze medal and a cash prize. Voters were required to select one player from each team. Player-managers and prior award winners were could not win. These problems resulted in the award's being dropped after 1928. The National League award, without these restrictions, lasted from 1924 to 1929.
The BBWAA first awarded the modern MVP after the 1931 season, took the format the National League used to distribute its league award. One writer in each city with a team filled out a ten-place ballot. Ten points were given for the recipient of a first-place vote, nine for a second-place vote, and so on. In 1938, the BBWAA raised the amount of voters to three per city and gave 14 points for a first-place vote. The only significant change since then happened in 1961, when the number of voters was lowered to two per league city.
Silver medal
A silver medal is a medal given to the second place finisher of contests (usually sports competitions) such as the Olympic Games or Commonwealth Games. First and third place finishers usually receive a gold medal and bronze medal, respectively.
In 1896, winners' medals were made from silver. The custom of gold-silver-bronze for the first three places dates from the 1904 games. It has been copied for many other sports events. Creating the medals is the responsibility of the host city. From 1928-1968 the design was always the same. One side showed a design by Florentine artist Giuseppe Cassioli with text giving the host city. The other side showed another design of an Olympic champion. From 1972-2000, Cassioli's design (or a slight reworking) remained on the one with a custom design by the host city on the other. Because Cassioli's design showed a Roman amphitheatre for what was originally a Greek games, a new design was create for the Athens 2004 Games. Winter Olympics medals have been of more varied design.
In The Open Championship golf tournament, the Silver Medal is an award given to the lowest scoring amateur player at the tournament.
Cáhuil
Cáhuil is a Chilean village. It is 15 kilometers south of Pichilemu, in the outfall of the Nilahue lake, in the Region of O'Higgins. "" means in Mapudungun language "seagulls place". The main characteristic of the place is the crafty production of "coastal salt", oysters and choros. The Cáhuil Lagoon is a place suitable for fishing, swimming and boat travels.
The salines in this area are very old. It is known that the indigenous people extracted it in a very rudimentary way. However, the extracting method has been improved and the production has increased. As of 1978, more than a 60% of the people of Cáhuil lived around the salt production, production not related to industrial enterprises.
In a way to promote the tourism in Cáhuil, the Municipality of Pichilemu created the "Salt Route", that takes the tourists into places where the salt generation process is dpne. This travel starts in Pichilemu and includes Cáhuil, Barrancas, La Villa, El Bronce, La Palmilla and La Plaza. On this route are two rural ranches, "Oro Blanco" and "El Bronce".
In the Cáhuil zone are at least 46 birds species. Many of the species are in danger of extinction. Some of them are the coscoroba swan, larus maculipennis, garza cuca, among others. It hosts at least seven silvester ducks species.
Liceo Agustín Ross Edwards
Agustín Ross High School, Liceo Agustín Ross Edwards or just L.A.R.E. is a Chilean public high school located in the coastal town of Pichilemu. It is named after Agustín Ross Edwards, a Chilean politician and known by his works in the city.
The High School was created in 1979. It currently has 2 buildings. Has 562 students and 39 teachers. The education area of the High School is Humanistic Scientifical, Technical-Professional and Adult Education. As of 1998, the High School started using the Complete Scholar Journey ().
Derivative (mathematics)
In mathematics (particularly in differential calculus), the derivative is a way to show instantaneous rate of change: that is, the amount by which a function is changing at one given point. For functions that act on the real numbers, it is the slope of the tangent line at a point on a graph. The derivative is often written as formula_1 ("dy over dx", meaning the difference in y divided by the difference in x). The "d" is not a variable, and therefore cannot be cancelled out. Another common notation is formula_2—the derivative of function formula_3 at point formula_4.
The derivative of y with respect to x is defined as the change in y over the change in x, as the distance between formula_5 and formula_6 becomes infinitely small (infinitesimal). In mathematical terms,
That is, as the distance between the two x points (h) becomes closer to zero, the slope of the line between them comes closer to resembling a tangent line.
Derivatives of linear functions (functions of the form formula_8 with no quadratic or higher terms) are constant. That is, the derivative in one spot on the graph will remain the same on another.
When the dependent variable formula_9 directly takes formula_4's value (formula_11), the slope of the line is 1 in all places, so formula_12 regardless of where the position is.
When formula_9 modifies formula_4's number by adding or subtracting a constant value, the slope is still 1, because the change in formula_4 and formula_9 do not change if the graph is shifted up or down. That is, the slope is still 1 throughout the entire graph and its derivative is also 1.
Power functions (in the form of formula_17) behave differently from linear functions, because their exponent and slope vary.
Power functions, in general, follow the rule that formula_18. That is, if we give "a" the number 6, then formula_19
Another example, which is less obvious, is the function formula_20. This is essentially the same, because 1/x can be simplified to use exponents:
In addition, roots can be changed to use fractional exponents, where their derivative can be found:
An exponential function is of the form formula_26, where formula_27 and formula_28 are constants and formula_29 is a function of formula_4. The difference between an exponential and a polynomial is that in a polynomial formula_4 is raised to some power, whereas in an exponential formula_32 is in the power.
Find formula_34.
The derivative of logarithms is the reciprocal:
Take, for example, formula_41. This can be reduced to (by the properties of logarithms):
The logarithm of 5 is a constant, so its derivative is 0. The derivative of formula_43 is formula_44. So,
For derivatives of logarithms not in base "e", such as formula_46, this can be reduced to:
The cosine function is the derivative of the sine function, while the derivative of cosine is negative sine (provided that x is measured in radians):
Derivatives can be broken up into smaller parts where they are manageable (as they have only one of the above function characteristics). For example, formula_51 can be broken up as:
A function's derivative can be used to search for the maxima and minima of the function, by searching for places where its slope is zero.
Derivatives are used in Newton's method, which helps one find the zeros (roots) of a function..One can also use derivatives to determine the concavity of a function, and whether the function is increasing or decreasing.
Ruminant
A ruminant is a mammal that eats and digests plant-based food such as grass. Ruminating mammals include cattle, goats, sheep, giraffes, bison, yaks, water buffalo, deer, camels, alpacas, llamas, wildebeest, antelope, pronghorn, and nilgai. All of them are Artiodactyla, cloven-hoofed animals. The word "ruminant" comes from the Latin word "ruminare" which means "to chew over again".
Rumination works by chewing and swallowing in the normal way to begin with, and then regurgitating the semi-digested cud to re-chew it and to get the most food value out of it.
Rumination makes the half-digested food particles smaller, before they can go through the process of digestion.
The primary difference between a ruminant and non-ruminants (such as people, dogs, and pigs) is that ruminants have a four-compartment stomach.
The four parts of the stomach are the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. In the first two chambers, the rumen and the reticulum, the food is mixed with saliva and separates into layers of solid and liquid material. Solids clump together to form the cud or bolus.
The cud is then regurgitated (brought up to the mouth) and chewed slowly. Fiber, especially cellulose, is broken down by microbes (bacteria, archaea, protozoa, and fungi).
Even though the rumen and reticulum have different names, they are the same functional space, as the digesta (food material) can move back and forth between them.
The digesta then passes into the next chamber, the omasum, where water and many of the mineral elements are absorbed into the blood stream.
After this the digesta is moved to the true stomach, the abomasum. Digestion takes place here.
The digesta is finally moved into the small intestine, where nutrients are absorbed. Water is absorbed in the large intestine, leaving the waste.
Almost all the glucose produced by breaking down the cellulose is used by microbes in the rumen, and so ruminants get little glucose from the small intestine. Instead, the ruminants' need for glucose (for brain function and lactation if appropriate) is made by the liver.
There are 3.5 billion domestic ruminants, with about 95% being cattle, goats and sheep.
There are also about 75 million wild ruminants. They can be found anywhere except for the continents Australia and Antarctica. Most of them are in Europe, Africa and Asia.
Renault Tracer
The Renault Tracer was a bus produced by Renault from 1991 to 2001.
The FR1 has a 9.8 litre 6-cylinder turbo diesel engine with 186 kW/253 hp.
In 2001, the Tracer were replaced by the Irisbus Arés.
Mercedes-Benz Sprinter
The Mercedes-Benz Sprinter is series of vans, trucks and buses produced by Mercedes-Benz in three generations since 1995.
Dodge and Freightliner made the same vehicle in the United States but with different names, The names were Dodge Sprinter and Freightliner Sprinter.
The second generation Mercedes Benz Sprinter, Dodge Sprinter and Freightliner Sprinter was created in 1995
In early 2000's, the model was improved at the front and back, It had a new grille, new bonnet, new bumpers and different headlamps.
The second generation Mercedes Benz Sprinter, Dodge Sprinter and Freightliner Sprinter was created in 2006
In 2014, the model was improved at the front and back, It had a new grille, new bonnet, new bumper and different headlamps.
In 2014, Dodge stopped making the Sprinter.
The third generation Mercedes-Benz Sprinter and Freightliner Sprinter was created in 6 February 2019
Naoya Otaki
Naoya Otaki (born 11 June 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Grulla Morioka.
Kenichi Yagara
Kenichi Yagara (born 14 September 1981) is a former Japanese football player.
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Ryosuke Amo
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Yosuke Nozaki
Yosuke Nozaki (born 16 February 1985) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Sagan Tosu.
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Josue Souza Santos
Josue Souza Santos (born 10 July 1987) is a Brazilian football player.
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Joan Capdevila
Joan Capdevila (born 2 March 1978) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Villarreal and Spain national team.
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Shogo Sakurai (born 3 April 1984) is a former Japanese football player.
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Mitsutada Ikeda
Mitsutada Ikeda (born 18 June 1984) is a former Japanese football player.
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Kinoto Saito
Kinoto Saito (born 8 July 1976) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Ganju Iwate.
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Takafumi Kanazawa
Takafumi Kanazawa (born 25 April 1981) is a Japanese football player.
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Stelios Giannakopoulos
Stelios Giannakopoulos (born 12 July 1974) is a Greek football player. He has played for Greece national team.
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Daisuke Horiuchi
Daisuke Horiuchi (born 21 April 1985) is a Japanese football player.
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Yuji Oe (born 20 April 1986) is a Japanese football player.
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Hayato Sasaki (born 29 November 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Gamba Osaka.
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Kenjiro Ezoe
Kenjiro Ezoe (born 25 August 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kataller Toyama.
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Bible version debate
The Bible is a collection of texts. The original of these texts were written in different languages. Today, the collection of texts that is called "The Bible" is written in one language only. For this reason, at least some texts need to be translated. Versions of the Bible are also different in the texts they include, some texts are not part of some Bible versions. One of the first such translations is the Septuagint, which is Ancient Greek. Another well-known translation is the Vulgate, which is Latin. From about the 14th century, the Bible was also translated into other languages.
Translating a text is also always linked to looking at its meaning, and to interpreting it. A word in one language cannot be translated into a word in a different language, with exactly the same meaning.
One such method of translation is called "literal translation" or "formal equivalence". Literal translation tries to be as close as possible to what is written in the original language. Often this means translating each word separately. There are a number of problems with literal translations: First, words must be added, to get a valid grammar in the target language. These words are not in the source text. The second problem is that the reader must be familiar with the subject, to understand some of the translation.
Another way is to look at the thoughts and ideas of the source text and to get these into the target language. This is called "dynamic equivalence". A translation that uses dynamic equivalence may use other words and phrases, but tries to keep the meaning intact.
A third way is called "paraphrasing". It tries to explain the concepts that are found in the text, and does not even use dynamic equivalence. That way, paraphrasing may leave out sections of text, or add other sections that explain these concepts. A paraphrased text may be very easy to understand, but is not suited for in-depth study.
Another problem that can occur with translation is that the meaning of some words may not be known. This is often the case with words that only occur once in a text. Such words are known as Hapax legomena. Their meaning must be guessed from the context.
Before the invention of the printing press, texts had to be copied by hand. This introduced errors. After a certain time there were different versions of the same text. Comparing such versions is known as textual criticism. The translation of two different versions of the same text may result in two different texts.
Some translators also translate the names, others simply write the name as it occurs in the original.
1955 World Series
The 1955 World Series was played between the Brooklyn Dodgers and the New York Yankees. The Dodgers won the Series in seven games. This was their first championship in team history. It would be the only Series the Dodgers won in Brooklyn. The team moved to Los Angeles after the 1957 season. The last time the Brooklyn team won a World Championship was in 1900. The team was called the Brooklyn Superbas. The series was called the Chronicle-Telegraph Cup. Their opponent then was fellow National League competitor Pittsburgh Pirates.
This series would also end a long period of success for the Yankees in the World Series. It was the Yankees' first loss in a World Series since 1942. It was only their second loss since 1926. The Yankees were 15-2 in the series during that time. They would lose again in 1957, 1960, 1963, and 1964. The Yankees would have a record of 4-5 in World Series over the next decade.
The two teams were meeting in a World Series for the fifth time in nine years. The Yankees had won in 1947, 1949, 1952 and 1953.
Second baseman
Second base, or "2B", is the second of four places on a baseball field which must be touched in order by a base runner before he can score a run for that player's team. A second baseman is the baseball player who guards second base. Also called "second bagger", the second baseman often has quick hands and feet. He needs the ability to get rid of the ball quickly. He must be able to make the turn on a double play. Also, shortstops and second basemen are usually right-handed. This makes it easier to turn a double play. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the second baseman is assigned the number 4.
Current second basemen include Chase Utley, Robinson Cano, Dustin Pedroia, Orlando Hudson, Aaron Hill and Ben Zobrist.
The following second basemen have been elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum:
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Later played at first base<br>
<nowiki>**</nowiki> Started his career at first base, then moved to second base
Naoki Matsuda
Matsuda was born in Kiryu on March 14, 1977. After graduating from Maebashi Ikuei High School, he joined Yokohama Marinos (later "Yokohama F. Marinos") in 1995. From first season, he became a regular player and played as right back of three defense with Japan national team players Masami Ihara and Norio Omura. The club won the champions in 1995 J1 League. In 2000s, he mainly played as center back with Yuji Nakazawa or Yuzo Kurihara, also played defensive midfielder. The club won the champions in 2001 J.League Cup, 2003 and 2004 J1 League. Although he played as central player of Marinos in 16 seasons, he was sacked end of 2010 season.
In August 1993, Matsuda was selected the Japan U-17 national team for 1993 U-17 World Championship. He played full-time in all 4 matches and scored 1 goal. In April 1995, he was also selected the Japan U-20 national team for 1995 World Youth Championship and he played full-time in all 4 matches.
In July 1996, Matsuda was selected the Japan U-23 national team for 1996 Summer Olympics and he played full-time in all 3 matches. Although Japan won 2 matches, Japan lost at First round. At this time, Japan won Brazil in first game. It was known as "Miracle of Miami" () in Japan.
On 5 February 2000, Matsuda debuted for the Japan national team against Mexico. After the debut, he played many matches as one of three backs defense. In September, he was selected U-23 Japan for 2000 Summer Olympics 2nd time. However he played only 2 matches instead Koji Nakata got injured in the third game.
In 2011, Matsuda moved to Japan Football League club Matsumoto Yamaga FC. Although he played for qualify for promote to J2 League, in August 2, he collapsed for myocardial infarction during training. On August 4, he died at the age of 34. His last match against Honda on July 23 was his400th game in the league. At the end of the season, the club won promotion to the J2 League.
During practice on August 2, 2011, he collapsed from a heatstroke and a heart attack. He was rushed to hospital. He was put on life support, but died from "sudden cardiac failure" on August 4.
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Splenomegaly
Nick Griffin
Nicholas John "Nick" Griffin (born 1 March 1959 in Barnet, Hertfordshire, England) is a British politician who is the chairman of the British National Party (BNP) and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the region of North West England.
Nick Griffin was educated in Suffolk, and joined the National Front when he was 14. He became a political worker for the party after his graduation from Cambridge University. In 1980 he became a member of its governing body, and later wrote articles for several right-wing magazines. In 1995, he joined the British National Party and in 1999 he became its leader. He made several attempts to make the party electable including the removal of certain extremist policies. At the 2009 European Parliament election, Griffin was elected an MEP for the North West England region. In October 2009, he was on the BBC television show "Question Time" which caused controversy.
In March 2017, Nick stated that he would want to emigrate to Hungary. He said,
“And I hope that Hungary, the Hungarian government, the Hungarian people, will welcome people who are genuine refugees from western Europe but keep out the liberals who have brought western Europe to this state in the first place.”
In May 2017, he was issued with a entry and residence ban from the Hungarian government, declaring him as the persona non grata.
Geoffrey Burbidge
Geoffrey Burbidge (born Chipping Norton, 24 September 1925; died La Jolla, California, 26 January 2010) was an English astrophysicist. For many years he was professor at the University of California, San Diego. In 1957 he published a famous paper, together with three other physicists, about the origin of elements. Many scientists disagreed with ideas that he had later in his life, because he did not believe in the Big Bang theory.
He started to study history at the University of Bristol, but soon changed to physics because he could then get financial help from the government (World War II was on, so science was very important to the government). He went to London and got a doctorate from University College London in 1951. He met the astronomer Margaret Peachey. He became very interested in astronomy and he married her in 1948. From then on they always worked together in several places. They worked at Harvard, the University of Chicago and Cambridge University. Then Margaret got work at the California Institute of Technology, while Geoffrey worked at the Mount Wilson Observatory and Palomar Observatory. They both got jobs at the University of California, San Diego, in 1962.
In 1957 he and his wife, together with William Fowler, the American physicist, and Fred Hoyle, the British astronomer, wrote a 104-page paper about stellar nucleosynthesis. The paper became known as the B2FH (because of their initials). It talked about nuclear reactions inside stars, showing how these reactions tear apart blocks of matter and put it together again differently. It was a similar idea to what Charles Darwin had written about 100 years earlier in the “Origin of Species”, where he had described how creatures had evolved. Scientists saw this paper as the most important paper ever written about astrophysics.
Later in his career Burbidge refused to accept the Big Bang theory which describes the start of the universe. Quasars are very bright objects with a very high redshift. The Big Bang theorists say that they come from places extremely far away in the universe. But Burbidge thought that quasars come from nearby galaxies, travelling near the speed of light, which explains their redshift. He thought they produced new matter as old matter was destroyed by reactions.
Although many scientists disagree with Burbidge’s later ideas, he is still thought of as an extremely important scientist. He was given many honours. In 2005 he and his wife were awarded the British Royal Astronomical Society Gold Medal.
Michael Scholz
Michael Scholz (January 26, 1949) is a German singer, composer and producer.
Between 1984 and 2000 he worked with Dieter Bohlen in Modern Talking and Blue System, as part of the chorus. Since 2003 he works on his music group, Systems in Blue, with Rolf Köhler and Detlef Wiedeke.
His voice type is falsetto.
2008–09 Montreal Canadiens season
The 2008–09 Montreal Canadiens season is their 99th season of play and 91st in the National Hockey League (NHL).
The Canadiens lost to the Boston Bruins in the Conference Quarter-Finals no games to 4.
2007–08 Montreal Canadiens season
The 2007–08 Montreal Canadiens season is their 98th season of play and 90th in the National Hockey League (NHL).
The Canadiens beat the Boston Bruins in the Conference Quarter-Finals 4 games to 3, and lost to the Philadelphia Flyers in the Conference Semi-Finals 1 game to 4.
Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy is the use of radiation to treat diseases. It is typically used to treat of cancer. It may use a radioactive material or particle accelerator or other source of ionizing radiation that can kill or damage cancerous cells.
Radiation therapy may help cure several different types of cancer if they are limited to one area of the body. Doctors also use it to prevent tumor recurrence after surgery to remove a primary malignant tumor (for example, early stages of breast cancer). Radiation therapy works together with chemotherapy. Radiation therapy has been used before, during, and after chemotherapy in cancers known to be affected by radiation.
Radiation therapy is used on tumors because of its ability to control cell growth. Ionizing radiation works by damaging the DNA of exposed tissue thus killing it. To spare normal tissues (such as skin or organs which radiation must pass through in order to treat the tumor), doctors aim weaker radiation beams from several angles of exposure. The beams intersect at the tumor, providing a much larger absorbed dose there than in the surrounding, healthy tissue.
Besides the tumor itself, the target for the radiation may also include the lymph nodes that drain the area. Doctors include the lymph nodes if they are clinically or radiologically involved with tumor, or if there is thought to be a risk of that individual cancer cells will spread. It is impossible to aim the radiation beam exactly because the tumor moves as the patient breathes. So, doctors also expect to include some healthy tissue around the tumor to make sure that the entire tumor is hit by radiation.
Radiation oncology is the medical specialty concerned with prescribing radiation. This is different than radiology, the use of radiation in medical imaging and diagnosis). Radiation may be prescribed by a radiation oncologist with intent to cure ("curative"). It may also be used as palliative treatment (where cure is not possible and the aim is for local disease control or symptomatic relief) or as therapeutic treatment (where the therapy has survival benefit and it can be curative). It is also common to combine radiation therapy with surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, Immunotherapy or some mixture of the four.
Most common cancer types can be treated with radiation therapy in some way. The precise treatment intent will depend on the tumor type, location, and stage, as well as the general health of the patient. Total body irradiation (TBI) is a radiation therapy technique used to prepare the body to receive a bone marrow transplant. Brachytherapy, in which a radiation source is placed inside or next to the area requiring treatment, is another form of radiation therapy that minimizes exposure of healthy tissue during procedures to treat cancers of the breast, prostate and other organs.
Radiation therapy can also be used in non-malignant conditions, such as the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia, severe thyroid eye disease, pterygium, pigmented villonodular synovitis, and prevention of keloid scar growth, vascular restenosis, and heterotopic ossification. Doctors limit the use of radiation therapy in non-malignant conditions because they worry about the radiation could start new cancers.
Dacarbazine
Dacarbizine is a type of drug used to fight cancer. It works by changing DNA, which makes cancer cells grow more slowly or completely stop growing. It is used against metastatic melanoma. Only about 15.3% of people who use the drug respond to it. People who use this drug do not live any longer as a result.
It has side effects, including less blood cells, damage to the liver. I can also sometimes make other types of cancer start growing.
Ross Hotel
The Ross Park is an old hotel in the Chilean city of Pichilemu. It was created by Agustín Ross Edwards in 1885, and remodeled in December 1987.
The park is located on Agustín Ross Avenue, in front of the old Ross Casino. The hotel was originally named "Great Hotel Pichilemu" (). The once grand Ross Hotel was constructed at the same time. Although the hotel, one of the oldest in Chile, is still partially open to guests, it is in a high state of disrepair.
The hotel was named National Monuments on February 25, 1988.
Liceo Santa Cruz
Santa Cruz High School (Liceo Santa Cruz) is a public high school in Santa Cruz, Chile.
On August 2, 1963 the Men's High School of Santa Cruz was created. Adriano Díaz donated land where the high school was going to be constructed. However, a sport complex was constructed there instead.
The high school opened on March 1, 1964 in an old house. It had at least 170 students. Many of these students already had finished their first or second grade in "Humanities" in the Pedro Aguirre Cerda High School, but it was not recognized officially.
The first principal was Osvaldo Castillo, who hired teachers. Almost all of the teachers had worked in the Pedro Aguirre High School.
A logo and a standard were designed. Both included palm trees, which were common in the city. The anthem of the high school was composed by Raúl Benavides.
Chronic myeloid leukemia
Zoom (1972 TV series)
Zoom (stylized as ZOOM) is a January 1972-1978 and January 1999-July 2006 television show (series) on PBS.
Haboob
A haboob is a storm that forms in the downdrafts of a thunderstorm. The downdrafts are caused by air being pushed down onto the ground, similiar to a leaf blower. They can be seen in deserts like the Saharan and in places like Arizona.
A thunderstorm can make strong downdrafts, which is just wind that blows down towards the surface of the Earth. When the wind hits the Earth, it starts to move sideways and picks up dirt and dust. It makes a cloud of dust that is bad for people, animals and plants.
Food waste
Food waste is food that is thrown away, either because it is not needed, or because it must be thrown away by law.
Large amounts of food waste can occur at any stage in the process of producing food. In subsistence agriculture, the amounts of food waste are unknown. Very likely, very little food is wasted, because food is produced because of a need for food. In the developed world, the food industry produces food for a global marketplace demand.
Research has been done to see where food waste occurred. The researchers looked at the food industry of the United States and found that food was wasted at the beginning of the food production. From planting, crops can be subjected to pest infestations and bad weather, which cause losses before harvest. Natural forces such as temperature and rainfall are the main influences on the growth of crops. For this reason, all forms of outdoor agriculture is subject to losses beecause of these influences. The use of machinery in harvesting can cause waste, as harvesters may be unable to discern between ripe and immature crops, or collect only part of a crop. Food is also wasted because it does not meet certain standards or regulations for quality and appearance As a result, certain crops that do not meet these standards are not harvested; left in the field, they can provide fertilizer, or food for animals.
It is unknown how much food waste occurs during food processing. When food is stored, considerable amounts are wasted because of pests and microorganisms. This problem occurs in countries where it is both relatively hot, and humid. These conditions boost the growth of pests and microorganisms. Extreme temperature, humidity, or microoganisms also influence the nutritional value, caloric value and edibility of crops and account for food waste. The "qualitative losses" are more difficult to assess than quantitative ones. More losses occur because the food is not handled correctly, or because it loses weight or volume.
It is difficult to reduce some of the food waste produced by processing without affecting the quality of the product. Certain regulations concerning the safety of foods cause food to be wasted, before it even reaches the market.
Safety regulations are in place to protect the health of the consumer. They are very important, especially where foodstuffs of animal origin are processed. Contaminated products from these sources can lead to and are associated with microbiological and chemical hazards.
Preventing health issues is more important than preventing food waste, or the reuse of foods that do not meet the standards.,
Antonio Barragán
Antonio Barragán (born 12 June 1987) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Real Valladolid.
Borja Oubiña
Borja Oubiña (born 17 May 1982) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Celta Vigo.
Bojan Krkić
Bojan Krkić (born 28 August 1990) is a Spanish football player. He plays for A.S. Roma.
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Raúl Tamudo
Raúl Tamudo (born 19 October 1977) is a Spanish football player. He is best known for playing with Espanyol Barcelona.
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David Suazo
David Suazo (born 5 November 1979) is a Honduran football player. He plays for Genoa and Honduras national team.
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!Total||48||15
Mauro Esposito
Mauro Esposito (born 13 June 1979) is an Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.
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Genki Ota
Genki Ota (born 10 April 1988) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Gainare Tottori.
Kazuyuki Otsuka
Kazuyuki Otsuka (born 7 July 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for V-Varen Nagasaki.
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Christian Poulsen
Christian Poulsen (born 28 February 1980) is a Danish football player. He plays for Juventus and Denmark national team.
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111||3
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!Total||71||5
Adalto Batista da Silva
Adalto Batista da Silva (born 30 August 1978) is a former Brazilian football player.
Maxsandro Barbosa de Oliveira
Maxsandro Barbosa de Oliveira (born 3 August 1972) is a former Brazilian football player.
Srđan Baljak
Srđan Baljak (born 25 November 1978) is a Serbian football player. He plays for Duisburg.
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Tatsuro Noda
Tatsuro Noda (born 25 November 1986) is a former Japanese football player.
Fran Mérida
Fran Mérida (born 4 March 1990) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Arsenal.
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Hugo Ibarra
Hugo Ibarra (born 1 April 1974) is an Argentine football player. He plays for Boca Juniors.
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Takashi Soejima
Takashi Soejima (born 11 April 1988) is a former Japanese football player.
Ismaël Bangoura
Ismaël Bangoura (born 2 January 1985) is a Guinean football player. He plays for Stade Rennais and Guinea national team.
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Masato Koga
Hidetoshi Wakui
Hidetoshi Wakui (born 21 February 1983) is a Japanese football player. He plays for JK Nõmme Kalju.
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116||16||4||1||120||17
Ewerthon
Ewerthon (born 10 June 1981) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Palmeiras.
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Juan Arango
Juan Arango (born 16 May 1980) is a Venezuelan football player. He currently plays for American club New York Cosmos. He captained the Venezuela national team and played 10 years during 1999-2009.
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183||46
345||81
!Total||83||16
Marcelo Vieira
Marcelo Vieira (born 12 May 1988) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Real Madrid and Brazil national team.
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Artem Milevskiy
Artem Milevskiy (born 12 January 1985) is an Ukrainian football player. He plays for Dynamo Kyiv and Ukraine national team.
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Tugay Kerimoğlu
Tugay Kerimoğlu (born 24 August 1970) is a former Turkish football player. He has played for Turkey national team.
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554||49
Hiroaki Namba
Hiroaki Namba (born 9 December 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Yokohama.
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Kohei Usui (born 16 July 1979) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Shonan Bellmare.
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Masaki Iida (born 15 September 1985) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Tokyo Verdy.
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Lakhdar Belloumi
Rabah Madjer (born 29 December 1958) in Mascara, Algeria is a former Algerian football player. He has played for Algeria national team.
Shenandoah Valley Academy
Computer Misuse Act 1990
The Computer Misuse Act 1990 (c. 18) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was made after Robert Schifreen and Stephen Gold hacked into British Telecom's Prestel viewdata service in 1984-1985. They were even able to see personal messages of Prince Philip, but they could not be prosecuted as there were no laws against hacking. This was a problem, as people could hack into systems and see personal data without breaking the law, which was why the Computer Misuse Act was made.
Some people did not like the act, saying it was made too quickly and not given much thought. The act did not make a difference between people who hacked for fun from people who hacked to steal data or money. Other countries have made their acts for hacking using parts of the Computer Misuse Act, such as Canada and the Republic of Ireland. It has been amended many times since 1990 to keep it up to date.
Acrobatics ( — climb upward) is usually understood as
Acrobatics requires extraordinary balance, agility, flexibility, control, concentration and motor coordination. A person who performs acrobatics is called an acrobat.
Acrobatic skills were known in ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome and China. In the 19th century, acrobatic performance became popular in circuses of Europe. In the 20th century it became an organized sport with leagues and championships.
David Aardsma
David Allen Aardsma was a Major League Baseball pitcher. He played for the Seattle Mariners and was the team's closer. He retired with the Braves in 2015. He was born in Denver, Colorado on December 27, 1981.
In 2009, Aardsma earned 38 saves for the Mariners, which tied him for fourth place in the American League with 38 saves.
If the names of all players in Major League Baseball history were listed in alphabetical order, Aardsma's name would come first.
Parliament Hill
Parliament Hill (in ) refers to a set of buildings in Ottawa, Ontario, the capitalof Canada, where the Government of Canada meets and Members of Parliament make laws. It is called Parliament Hill because it is on a hill above the Ottawa River.
There are three main buildings: the West Block, the East Block and the Centre Block.
A fire in 1916 burned the Centre Block and only the library was saved. The building was rebuilt and the Peace Tower was finished in 1927.
The roof of each building is made of copper which turns green over time.
There are many statues around Parliament Hill including many former Prime Ministers and 5 famous women who helped women gain equal rights in Canada. There is also a centennial flame that was lit when Canada turned 100 years old.
Pine Gap is a remote facility 19 km southwest of Alice Springs in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is officially recognised as a joint defense of Australia and the US satellite tracking station. Conspiracies exist which link the site to covert programs for monitoring and testing of laser weaponry for satellite and space based attack/defense.
Pine Gap employs about 700 American and Australians and is responsible for about 2,000 people in the Alice Springs region who are US citizens. The US influence in the area is evident by American sports such as baseball and American football. Similarly, the celebration of American festivals which are normally not active in Australia, such as Halloween, Independence Day and Thanksgiving also showcase the US cultural influence. A number of Australians join in the festivities from time to time.
Colleges and universities in Kansas
This is a list of colleges and universities in the U.S. state of Kansas.
The Kansas Board of Regents runs six state universities, as well as 19 community colleges, five technical colleges, six technical schools and a municipal university. The Board also lets private and out-of-state institutions to operate in Kansas with a Certificate of Approval that is renewed every year. These schools teach business trade, technical, or industrial occupations that lead to a certificate, diploma, or academic degree.
House of Romanov
The House of Romanov () was the second and last imperial dynasty to rule over Russia. It ruled from 1613 until the February Revolution took away the crown in 1917. The later history of the Imperial House is sometimes referred to as the House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov.
The Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, who was from a younger branch of the Oldenburgs, married into the Romanov family in the mid-eighteenth century. Though officially known as the House of Romanov, these descendants of the Romanov and Oldenburg Houses are sometimes referred to as Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov.
João Moutinho (born 8 September 1986) is a Portuguese football player. He plays as a midfielder for Premier League team Wolverhampton Wanderers and Portugal national team.
Sporting
Takuya Shiihara
Takuya Shiihara (born 9 July 1980) is a former Japanese football player.
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Tomoya Hirayama
Tomoya Hirayama (born 14 September 1985) is a former Japanese football player.
Daniele Bonera
Daniele Bonera (born 31 May 1981) is an Italian football player. He plays for Milan.
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Ricardo Quaresma
Ricardo Quaresma (born 26 September 1983) is a Portuguese football player. He plays for Beşiktaş and the Portugal national team. He was born in Lisbon, the capital city of Portugal.
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223||33||5||1||0||0||45||4||273||38
<nowiki>"As of 26 March 2018"</nowiki>
!Total||74||9
Daisuke Akashi
Daisuke Akashi (born 20 April 1982) is a former Japanese football player.
Koichi Sekimoto
Koichi Sekimoto (born 23 May 1978) is a former Japanese football player.
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Ryuki Kozawa
Ryuki Kozawa (born 6 February 1988) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Gainare Tottori.
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Paulino Alcántara
Paulino Alcántara Riestrá (7 October 1896 – 13 February 1964) was a Spanish Filipino football player and manager who played as a forward. He spent most of his playing career at FC Barcelona and represented Catalonia, the Philippines and Spain internationally.
Masanori Tokita
Tokita was born in Kobe on June 24, 1925. After graduating from Kwansei Gakuin University, he joined Tanabe Pharmaceutical in 1950. He also played for Kwangaku Club was consisted of his alma mater Kwansei Gakuin University players and graduates. He won Emperor's Cup 4 times. He retired in 1959.