AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The murderers of Terre'Blanche said they worked for him on his farm. They claimed he could not pay them and so they killed him and took his money. They hit him with machetes, knobkiris and iron pipes, and pulled down his trousers.
Emperor Kōshō
The "Gukanshō" records that Kōshō ruled from the palace of "Ikekokoro-no-miya" at Waki-no-kami in what will come to be known as Yamato province.
Kōshō is almost certainly a legend. The "Kojiki" records only his name and genealogy. The "Nihonshoki" includes Kōshō as the fourth of .
Emperor Kōshō was the oldest son of Emperor Itoku. "Jinnō Shōtōki" records that his mother was Amanotoyototsu-hime, and his grandmother by his mother's side was Okishimimi-no-kami.
The absence of information about Kōshō does not show that he was not real. Very little information is available for study before the rule of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei (509?-571).
This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Kōshō.
Emperor Kōan
The "Gukanshō" ruled from the palace of "Akitsushima-no-miya" at Muro in what will come to be known as Yamato province.
Kōan is almost certainly a legend. The "Kojiki" records only his name and genealogy. The "Nihonshoki" includes Kōan as the fifth of .
Emperor Kōan was the second son of Emperor Kōshō. "Jinnō Shōtōki" records that his mother was Yosotarashi-no-hime, who was the daughter of Okitsuyoso, and ancestress of the Owari.
The absence of information about Kōan does not imply that no such person ever existed. Very little information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei.
This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Kōan.
Emperor Kōrei
The "Gukanshō" records that Kōrei ruled from the palace of "Ihoto-no-miya" at Kuroda in what will come to be known as Yamato province.
Kōrei is almost certainly a legend. The "Kojiki" records only his name and genealogy. The "Nihonshoki" includes Kōrei as the sixth of .
Kōrei was the eldest son of Emperor Kōan. "Jinnō Shōtōki" records that his mother was Oshihime, who was the daughter of Ametarashihiko-Kunio-shihito-no-mikoto.
Some scholars question the existence of the first nine emperors. These critics consider Kōrei's great-grandson (Emperor Sujin) to be the earliest to have actually existed.
The absence of information about Kōrei does not imply that no such person ever existed. Very little information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei.
The "Kojiki" notes that it was during Kōrei's reign that Kibi Province was conquered.
This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Kōrei.
Roanoke Island
Roanoke Island is an island that is part of Dare County, North Carolina.
Roanoke was first settled around 8,000 B.C. At time of European Contact the island was home to Algonquian Natives.
The Roanoke Colony was an early settlement in what would become the United States. It was located on what is now the coast of North Carolina. Walter Raleigh and others lived there from 1585 to 1587. After a few years the people left, and nobody knows why. Virginia Dare, the first English child born in the New World, was born on Roanoke.
A battle of the American Civil War battle was fought on this island in February of 1862. Union forces had the advantage because they outnumbered the Confederate defenders. The Confederate Army believing that the swamps on the island were impassable did not post guards there. Union soldiers then approached the Confederate defenders on their sides, forcing the Confederate commander Henry Shaw to surrender. Union soldiers stayed on the island until the war. It was during these years (1862-1865) the Freeman's colony of black slaves was founded and created. After the war the freeman's colony was dispersed. Some of the African Americans on Roanoke Island today trace their heritage or descent back to freeman's colony.
In 1870 the town of Manteo was formally founded and chartered or established with the state of North Carolina. Manteo first grew as a small harbor prospering from trade with larger towns in North Carolina like Elizabeth City.
Manteo is the largest town on the island and the county seat of Dare County. To the south of the island there is a town called Wanchese, which is not incorporated unlike Manteo. These towns are named after the Indians who first met the English expeditions that took place in the 1570s and 1580s.
Transcontinental Railroad
The Transcontinental Railroad was a railroad built across the United States of America. The building of it started when Abraham Lincoln signed the Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 into law during the American Civil War.
Much of it was built by the Central Pacific Railroad, building east from Sacramento, California, and the Union Pacific Railroad building West from Omaha, Nebraska. The two railroads met at Promontory Summit, Utah on May 10 in the year 1869. Much of it was built by people who came to the U.S. from China and Ireland. It cut the time to go across the United States from months to weeks and later days. At the time of its completion, it was one of the longest railroads in the world.
Emperor Kōgen
The "Gukanshō" records that Kōgen ruled from the palace of "Sakaihara-no-miya" at Karu in what will come to be known as Yamato province.
Kōgen is almost certainly a legend. The "Kojiki" records only his name and genealogy. The "Nihonshoki" includes Kōgen as the seventh of .
Kōgen was the eldest son of Emperor Kōrei.
Some scholars question the existence of the first nine emperors. These critics consider Kōgen's grandson (Emperor Sujin) to be the earliest to have actually existed.
The absence of information about Kōgen does not imply that no such person ever existed. Very little information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei.
The Abe clan are said to have descended from a son of Emperor Kōgen.
This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Kōgen.
Gukanshō
In "Gukanshō", Jien created a chronicle of the lives of the emperors. Jien wrote about political and military conflicts within the Imperial court. He wrote about disputes with others outside the court.
The text is composed of three major sections:
Emperor Kaika
No certain dates can be assigned to the emperor's life or reign. The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.
The "Gukanshō" records that Kaika ruled from the palace of "Isakawa-no-miya" at Kasuga in what will come to be known as Yamato province.
Kaika is almost certainly a legend. The "Kojiki" records only his name and genealogy. The "Nihonshoki" includes Kaika as the eighth of .
Kaika was the second son of Emperor Kōgen.
Some scholars question the existence of the first nine emperors. These critics consider Kōgen's son (Suijin) to be the earliest to have actually existed.
The absence of information about Kaika does not imply that no such person ever existed. Very little information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei.
This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Kaika.
The actual site of his grave is not known. According to the Imperial Household Agency, this emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ("misasagi") in Nara.
Emperor Sujin
The "Gukanshō" records that Sujin ruled from the palace of "Mizogaki-no-miya" at Shiki in what will come to be known Yamato province.
Sujin is almost certainly a legend; but the "Kojiki" and "Nihonshoki" record his name and genealogy. He was the second son of Emperor Kaika.
Some scholars question the existence of the first nine emperors. These critics consider Sujin to be the earliest to have actually existed.
The limited information about Sujin does not imply that no such person ever existed. Very little information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei.
Sujin was interested in agriculture and irrigation. He established a system of taxation.
This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Sujin.
Soda bread
Soda bread is a kind of soft, golden bread made with baking soda. In its most basic form it contains only four ingredients; flour, salt, baking soda, and buttermilk. It can be changed when you add other ingredients. For instance, if you add a little sugar, some raisins, then cut in some butter, it may become a "Raisin" soda bread.
Soda bread does not use yeast to get its rise, instead the rise comes from baking soda reacting with the acid (soured milk or buttermilk). This makes it a 'quick' bread that can be made in under 15 minutes. The important thing to remember is to have mix and knead the dough quickly and lightly. This will give you a bread that is dense, but not doughy, with a tender, slightly moist interior. Once the dough is formed into a round, a cross is cut on the top of the bread, which divides it into quarters called farls.
Anne of Denmark
Anne of Denmark (12 December 1574 – 2 March 1619) was queen consort of Scotland, England, and Ireland. She was the wife of King James VI and I.
Anne, the second daughter of King Frederick II of Denmark, married James in 1589 when she was 15 years old. She gave birth to seven children but only three lived to become adults. One of these children was the future Charles I. She often used Scottish politics when she fought with James about her son, Prince Henry. She also used them in her arguments about his treatment of her friend Beatrix Ruthven. Anne seems to have loved James at first. However, they later became cooler towards one another and lived separately. However, though they both had respect and even some love for one another.
In England, Anne was more interested in art than politics. She built a beautiful and culturally rich court of her own. After 1612, she became ill and later stopped being in the center of court life. She was said to have died a Protestant. However, some proof suggests that she may have been a Catholic at some time in her life.
Historians have often thought of Anne as a queen who was light, selfish, and not very important. Recently, however, many people point out Anne's independence and importance as an encourager of the arts in the Jacobean age.
Anne was born on 12 December 1574 at the castle of Skanderborg. Her birth came as a blow to her father, King Frederick II of Denmark, who had been hoping for a son. Anne's mother, Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, however, was only 17. Three years later she did give birth to a son. He was the future Christian IV of Denmark.
Anne was sent with her older sister Elizabeth to Güstrow, in Germany. She was to be raised there by her grandparents on her mother's side. They were the Duke and Duchess of Mecklenburg. This was because the Danish court was very wild at this time. King Frederick was famous for heavy eating and much drinking. He was also unfaithful to the Queen. Compared to this, in Güstrow, Anne enjoyed a quiet and stable life in her early years. Christian was also sent to be brought up at Güstrow. However, two years later, in 1579, the Rigsraad, or Danish Privy Council, successfully asked him to move to Denmark. Anne and Elizabeth came back with him.
Anne enjoyed a close and happy family education in Denmark. This was mostly because of Queen Sophie. She took care of the children herself when they were ill. A great number of people from all over Europe wanted to marry Anne and her older sister. Among these people were James VI of Scotland. He liked Denmark because he thought of it as a kingdom with good religion and a good trading partner. Scottish ambassadors had at first tried to make him marry the oldest daughter. However, Frederick betrothed Elizabeth to Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick. He promised the Scots instead that "for the second [daughter] Anna, if the King did like her, he should have her."
Sophie's position became harder after Frederick's death in 1588. She had to join in a power struggle with the Rigsraad for control of King Christian. However, she worked harder than Frederick in making people marry. She was able to overcome difficult points about the dowry and the position of Orkney. She sealed the agreement by July 1589. Anne seems to have been very excited about the match. On 28 July 1589, the English spy Thomas Fowler said that Anne was greatly in love with James. He said that "it were death to her to have it broken off". He added that she proved her love in a great number of ways. However, Fowler also suggested that James did not return Anne's love, and he liked men better than women. This would not have been told to the 14-year-old Princess. At this time, she was faithfully embroidering shirts for her fiancé. Meanwhile, 300 tailors worked on making her wedding dress.
Even if these rumors were true, James needed a royal marriage. This was because he needed to keep up the Stuart line. "God is my witness," he explained, "I could have abstained longer than the weal of my country could have permitted, [had not] my long delay bred in the breasts of many a great jealousy of my inability, as if I were a barren stock." On 20 August 1589, Anne and James were married separately, but to one another. This is called a "proxy marriage". Their marriage took place in Kronborg Castle. The ceremony ended with James's representative, George Keith, 5th Earl Marischal, sitting next to Anne on the bridal bed.
Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales
Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales (19 February 1594 – 6 November 1612) was the oldest son of King James I & VI and Anne of Denmark. His name comes from grandfathers Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley and Frederick II of Denmark.
Prince Henry was widely seen as a bright heir to his father's throne. However, he died before his father because of typhoid fever. Because of this, the English and Scottish thrones' power went to his younger brother Charles.
Several places in Virginia Colony were named in honor of Prince Henry before and after his death.
He was born at Stirling Castle and became Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland when he was born. His father made Alexander Erskine, Earl of Mar, take care of him. He did not let his mother take care of him. This was because James worried that the mother's slight liking for Catholicism might have some effect on the son. Although this made lots of fights between Anna and James, Henry was kept under the care of Mar's family until 1603. This was when James became King of England and his family moved south.
Sir George Lauder of The Bass was his teacher until he went to England. Sir George was a Privy Counsellor – described as the King's "familiar councillor" – and he was also taught in music by Alfonso Ferrabosco the younger.
Maurício Rodrigues Alves Domingues
Donald-Olivier Sié
Donald-Olivier Sié (born 3 April 1970) is a former Côte d'Ivoire football player. He has played for Côte d'Ivoire national team.
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Adriano Pimenta
Adriano Pimenta (born 14 November 1982) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Sport Recife.
Marc Wilmots
Marc Wilmots (born 22 February 1969) is a Belgian football manager and former football player. He played for the Belgian national team.
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Taro Ichiki
Oséas
Oséas Reis dos Santos (born 14 May 1971) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
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Hidetoki Takahashi
Takahashi was born in Fukushima on April 11, 1916. He played for Waseda University. He won 1938 Emperor's Cup with Sei Fuwa, Sekiji Sasano, Kunitaka Sueoka, Shogo Kamo and so on. After graduation from university, he played for Hitachi from 1941 to 1958.
From 1955, Takahashi started managering career too. In 1957, he became manager for Japan national team as Shigemaru Takenokoshi successor for tour for China. In 1959, he became manager for Japan U-20 national team for 1959 AFC Youth Championship and won the 3rd place. In 1960, he managed for Japan national team as Takenokoshi successor again. He managed at 1962 World Cup qualification and 1962 Asian Games until 1962. After that, he managed for Hitachi.
On February 5, 2000, Takahashi died of pneumonia in Meguro, Tokyo at the age of 83. In 2009, he was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame.
Flavio Elias Cordeiro
Flavio Elias Cordeiro (born 23 April 1975) is a Brazilian football player.
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Kim Geun-Chol
Kim Geun-Chol (born 24 June 1983) is a South Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player.
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Myoglobin
Myoglobin is a protein that is able to bind oxygen. Myoglobin, which is similar to haemoglobin, is the main oxygen-carrying pigment of muscle tissues. Like haemoglobin, it has a porphyrin ring with an iron atom at its centre. It is in the muscle tissue of most mammals. Seals and other marine mammals have more myoglobin in their muscles than land animals.
In humans, increased level of myoglobin in the serum of the blood can be an indication of myocardial infarction. Other factors for a higher level can be damage to the muscles, epileptic seizures, polytrauma. If the value is much too high, this can lead to kidney failure.
Proxy marriage
A proxy marriage is when two people are getting married separately, but are getting married to one another. It was common for European kings and nobles to be wed by proxy marriage. Napoleon I of France was wed by proxy marriage to Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma. Catherine of Aragon wed Prince Arthur by proxy. A famous 17th-century painting by Peter Paul Rubens shows the proxy marriage of Marie de Medici.
Today, this form of marriage is illegal in most countries, or it requires a special permit. It is still legal in some US states, and in a few Islamic countries
Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia is a medical term to indicate that the level of potassium in the blood is too high. Depending on the level of potassium in the blood, this can be a medical emergency. A level that is too high can lead to abnormal hearth rhythms.
Many medications can cause hyperkalemia, and it is much more likely to occur in people kidney problems.
Although hyperkalemia often doesn't cause symptoms, doctors worry about hyperkalemia because it can cause a sudden change of heart rhythm in people who had not been having any symptoms. These abnormal heart rhythms can be deadly.
In the cases where death penalty is carried out using lethal injection, a hyperkalemia may be provoked atificially. Some of the mixtures used in the injections contain potassium chloride which will raise the level of potassium in the blood considerably.
Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow
Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (4 September 1557, Wismar – 14 October 1631, Nykoping) was a German queen of Denmark and Norway. She was the mother of King Christian IV of Denmark and Anne of Denmark.
She was the daughter of Duke Ulrich III of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and Princess Elizabeth of Denmark (a daughter of Frederick I and Sophie of Pomerania). Sophie married her cousin, Frederick II of Denmark, when she was 14. He was 37. The marriage was arranged by the Danish Council, who wished the King to marry. Though their ages were very different, their marriage was usually quiet and even happy. Queen Sophie was a loving mother, nursing her children herself when they were ill. Because her husband drank lots of wine and led an unfaithful life, she sent her three oldest children to live with her parents in Güstrow when they were young. She showed a great interest in science and visited the astronomer Tycho Brahe. She was also interested in the old songs of folklore. Her daughter, Anne of Denmark, would marry James VI of Scotland and become Queen Consort in 1589. She arranged the marriage against the will of the Council.
She died on 4 October 1631 at Nykøbing, Jylland, Denmark.
Frederick II of Denmark
Frederick II (1 July 1534 – 4 April 1588), was the king of Denmark-Norway and duke of Schleswig from 1559 until his death. He was the son of King Christian III of Denmark and Norway and Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg. He is often seen as the typical Renaissance ruler of Denmark. As a person Frederick was described as hot-headed, proud, brave, and ambitious. He loved hunting, wine and feasts. At his death lots of people thought that he had drunk himself to death.
He built Kronborg castle in Elsinore again between 1574 and 1585. In 1567 he began Fredrikstad in Norway. This was a time of wealth and growth in Danish history.
Emperor Suinin
The "Gukanshō" records that Suinin he ruled from the palace of "Tamaki-no-miya" at Makimuku in what will come to be known as Yamato province.
Suinin is almost certainly a legend; but the "Kojiki" and "Nihonshoki" record his name and genealogy. He was the third son of Emperor Sujin.
The limited information about Suinin does not imply that no such person ever existed. Very little information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei.
One of Suinin's daughters was Yamatohime-no-mikoto. She established a site for ceremonies honouring the Shinto sun goddess (Amaterasu Omikami). In the region of Ise, she founded the Ise Shrine. She became the first Saiō at Ise.
The records of Asama Shrine at the base of Mount Fuji describe events in this time frame. The earliest Shinto ceremonies in honour of Konohanasakuya-hime were in the 3rd year of the reign of Emperor Suinin (垂仁天皇3年).
"Nihonshoki" describes a wrestling match during his era. This was the origin of Sumo wrestling.
This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Suinin.
Freudenberg
Freudenberg can refer to several things:
Lisa Della Casa
Lisa Della Casa (born Burgdorf, Switzerland, 2 February 1919 – 10 December 2012 Münsterlingen, Switzerland) was a Swiss soprano. She was famous from the 1950s to the mid- 1970s for singing some of the great roles in the operas of Mozart and Richard Strauss. She was known for the naturalness of her singing as well as for her beauty.
Della Casa’s father was an Italian-Swiss doctor. Her mother came from Bavaria.
She studied singing with Margarete Häser at the Zürich Conservatory. Her first performance in opera was singing Madame Butterfly in Puccini's "Madama Butterfly" at Solothurn-Biel Municipal Theater in 1940. She joined the ensemble of the Zürich Municipal Opera House in 1943 and stayed there until 1950.
In 1946 Della Casa sang the part of Zdenka in Richard Strauss's opera "Arabella" in Zürich, and again the following year when she sang for the first time at the Salzburg Festival where she was to sing many times during her career. After the performance, Richard Strauss himself said: "That girl will be "the" Arabella someday!" In the same year, she sang for the first time at the Vienna State Opera House, singing Gilda in Verdi's "Rigoletto". Soon she moved to Vienna and joined the ensemble of the Vienna State Opera House. In 1949, she sang at La Scala Opera House in Milan as Sophie in Richard Strauss's "Der Rosenkavalier" and Marcelline in Beethoven's "Fidelio". She was invited to move to Milan, but she chose to stay in Vienna.
Della Casa appeared in Britain for the first time singing the part of Countess Almaviva in Mozart's "Le nozze di Figaro" at the Glyndebourne Festival. She sang the part of Arabella for the first time at the Bavarian State Opera House in Munich in 1951. She was to become most famous for this role. She sang Eva in Wagner's "Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg" at the Bayreuth Festival in 1952, but she did not like the atmosphere there with all the arguments, so she never returned to Bayreuth. From 1953 to 1968 she sang regularly at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York where she was extremely popular.
When the Vienna State Opera House was restored in 1955 there was a special performance of "Der Rosenkavalier". She sang the part of the Marschallin, so she had sung all three famous soprano roles in that opera: the Marschallin, Octavian and Sophie.
She continued to sing many great operatic roles at the Salzburg Festival, including the part of the Marschallin in 1960 under the conductor Herbert von Karajan, celebrating the newly-built Salzburg Festspielhaus.
She sang a few dramatic roles, such as Salome in "Salome" at the Bavarian State Opera House in Munich in 1961, but mostly she sang lyrical roles. When the famous soprano Elisabeth Schwarzkopf first sang at the Met she sang the part of the Marschallin in "Der Rosenkavalier" with Della Casa singing Octavian..
After singing Arabella in Salzburg in 1974, she surprised everyone by announcing her retirement. She gave up her musical career and enjoyed a quiet, domestic life.
She made several complete opera recordings including her singing of Countess Almaviva in "Le nozze di Figaro" (Erich Kleiber conducting) and the role of Arabella in "Arabella" (Georg Solti conducting). These recordings are still thought of as among the finest ever made. She made a wonderful recording of Richard Strauss' "Vier letzte Lieder" "(Four Last Songs)" (Karl Böhm conducting) in 1953.
In 1947, she married Yugoslavian-born journalist Dragan Debeljevic. They had one daughter, who became very ill when she was young. Her daughter says that, later in life, when Lisa had her own health problems, she was able to give back to her mother some of the love and care that she herself had received as a child. Casa died on December 10, 2012 in Münsterlingen, Switzerland from natural causes, aged 93. A black flag was hung in her honor.
Samoyed (dog)
Emperor Hanzei
According to "Nihonshoki" and "Kojiki", he was a son of Emperor Nintoku. The eldest son would become known as Emperor Richū.
Hanzei was the brother of Richū. Hanzei's enthronement by-passed Richū's two sons. Few other details have survived.
Very little is known about the events of Hanzei's life and reign. Only limited information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei.
Hanzei's reign is described as a time of peace. He died quietly in his palace.
This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Hanzei.
According to the Imperial Household Agency, the emperor's final resting place is in an earthen tumulus ("kofun") at Sakai. Hanzei is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ("misasagi") which is associated with the burial mound.
Title role
The title role in a play or an opera is the role (the part) which is also the title of the play or opera.
We say that the actor, singer or dancer who performs that part has the "title role". For example: in the opera "Carmen" by Georges Bizet the part played by the girl called Carmen is the "title role". We may say that a singer took the title role in the opera "Carmen". That means that she sang the part of Carmen in the opera.
The title role is not necessarily the most important role in the play or opera, although it often is.
A few other well-known examples in which the performance is named after one of the characters include the operas "Aida" (by Giuseppe Verdi), "Madame Butterfly" (by Giacomo Puccini) and "Peter Grimes" (by Benjamin Britten), the ballets "Coppélia" (by Léo Delibes) or "Petrushka" (by Stravinsky), or the plays "Othello" or "Hamlet" (by William Shakespeare).
The title character is the character whose name is in the title (or suggested in the title), such as "Harry Potter" in Harry Potter books by J.K. Rowling, or Simba in Disney's "The Lion King" (Simba is the Lion King).
"Title character" always refers to a character.
Character actor
A character actor is an actor who plays a particular kind of character in a play, movie, television program, opera or ballet. The character actor is not the main part. He is not the lover or hero. He has a character which helps to support the main characters and therefore the story.
Character roles may be roles such as: the faithful servant, the maid, the villain, the mother-in-law, the priest etc. They may or may not be comic characters.
For example, in "The Wizard of Oz" the main character is Dorothy. The Scarecrow, the Lion and the Tin Man are character roles.
Some actors or singers prefer character roles to main roles. It may be because this kind or role suits their personality or their singing voice. Some people nearly always play the same kind of character role. We say that people like that are "typecast". Some actors are happy to remain typecast. Others may wish to broaden their repertoire and take on different roles.
Giulio Caccini
Giulio Caccini (born Rome, 8 October 1551; died Florence, 10 December 1618), also known as Giulio Romano, was an Italian composer and singer. He lived at the very end of Renaissance period and the beginning of the Baroque period. It was the time when opera was starting, and he was one of the first composers to write an opera. His daughter, Francesca Caccini, also became a composer.
We do not know much about his life. He was born in Rome. His father was a carpenter. He learned to play the lute, the viol and the harp, and soon became known as a singer. In the 1560s, Francesco de' Medici, Grand Duke of Florence, was impressed with his talent, so he took him to Florence to study.
By 1579, Caccini was singing at the Medici court. He was a tenor, and he was able to accompany himself on the viol or the archlute; he sang at weddings and other important occasions. He worked closely with the Florentine Camerata, a famous group of people who met at the home of Count Giovanni de' Bardi, and tried to bring the tradition of Greek dramatic music back to life. They liked monody, which means a tune with a simple accompaniment. This was different from polyphony in which several things are being sung at once. Monody made it easy to tell a story because the words could be heard clearly. This was necessary for opera, where it became heard in a simple form called recitative.
Caccini went to Rome, but in Rome the musicians were not so interested in change.
Caccini often got involved in arguments because he was envious and jealous. He often got people into trouble, and he rushed his own opera "Euridice" into print before Peri's opera on the same subject could be published, while telling his own singers not to have anything to do with Peri's opera.
He died in Florence and is buried in the church of St. Annunziata.
Free Soil Party
The Free Soil Party was, for a short duration, a political party in the United States. It was active in the 1848 and 1852 president elections, and in some state elections. It got lots of its strength from New York. Most of the important party members were former anti-slavery members of the Whig Party and the Democratic Party. Its main purpose was stopping slavery from spreading into the western lands, arguing that free men on free soil had a morally and economically better system than slavery. Also, many workers feared that slave labor would take away work for white workers.
The party membership was largely taken over by the Republican Party in 1854.
The Jungle is a 1906 novel written by journalist Upton Sinclair. Inspired by the Union Stock Yards in Chicago, Sinclair wrote this book to show the sufferings of the working class and to show the corruption of the American meatpacking industry during the early-20th century. The book writes about the poverty, bad living and working conditions, and sorrow among the working class. The sad state of turn-of-the-century work is placed for the American public to see, suggesting that something needed to be changed to get rid of American "wage slavery". The novel is also an important example of the "muckraking" tradition begun by journalists such as Jacob Riis.
Upton Sinclair came to Chicago with hopes of writing "The Jungle". When he came to the lobby of the Chicago Transit House, a hotel, he was quoted as saying, "Hello! I'm Upton Sinclair, and I'm here to write the "Uncle Tom's Cabin" of the Labor Movement!". He rented living quarters and immediately began walking its streets, talking to its people and taking pictures. One Sunday afternoon, he worked his way into a group of Lithuanian immigrants getting together for a wedding party, "Behold, there was the opening scene of my story, a gift from the gods". He was welcomed there and was with them until two in the morning.
"The Jungle" was first published in a series in 1905. "After five rejections", its first edition as a book was published by Doubleday, Page & Company on February 28, 1906, and it became an immediate best seller and has been in print ever since.
The main character is Jurgis Rudkus, a Lithuanian man who emigrates to the United States with his fifteen year old fiance Ona Lukoszaite and their extended family. He marries her in Chicago and then soon gets a job at Durham's, a factory in Chicago. The factory mistreats him and Ona and their family. Eventually Ona dies of blood loss because the greedy midwife will not help her because the Rudkus family do not have enough money. Stanislovas, a child in the family who worked in a factory, is killed by an accident while working. Jurgus turns to drinking and Marija Barynczykas, a member of his extended family, becomes a prostitute.
Emperor Keikō
Keikō is almost certainly a legend; but the "Kojiki" and "Nihonshoki" record his name.
The limited information about Keikō does not imply that no such person ever existed. Very little information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei.
In "Kojiki", Keikō sent his one of his sons to Kyūshū to fight battles on his behalf. In "Nihonshoki", Keikō fought and won these battles against local tribes. According to both sources, he sent Yamatotakeru to Izumo province and eastern provinces to expand his territory.
This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Keikō.
The actual site of his grave is not known. According to the Imperial Household Agency, this emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ("misasagi") at Nara. The "kami" of Emperor Keikō is also venerated at Anaho jinja in Anaho, Ōmi province.
Empress (first): Harima no Inabi no Ooiratsume (播磨稲日大郎姫), daughter of Wakatakehiko (若建吉備津日子)
Empress (second): Yasakairihime (八坂入媛命), daughter of Yasakairihiko (八坂入彦命)
Mizuhanoiratume (水歯郎媛), daughter of iwatsukuwake (磐衝別命), younger sister of Iwakiwake (石城別王)
Ikawahime (五十河媛)
Abe no Takadahime (阿倍高田媛), daughter of Abe no Kogoto (阿倍木事)
Himuka no Kaminagaootane (日向髪長大田根)
Sonotakehime (襲武媛)
Himuka no Mihakashihime (日向御刀媛)
Inabinowakairatsume (伊那毘若郎女), daughter of Wakatakehiko, younger sister of Harima no Inabi no Ooiratsume
Igotohime (五十琴姫命),　daughter of Mononobe no Igui (物部胆咋宿禰)
James Francis Edward Stuart
James, Prince of Wales (known as James Francis Edward Stuart; "The Old Pretender" or "The Old Chevalier"; 10 June 1688 – 1 January 1766) was the son of James II of England (James VII of Scotland) and his second wife, Mary of Modena. Because of this, he claimed the English, Scottish and Irish thrones (as James III of England and Ireland and James VIII of Scotland) from the death of his father in 1701. He was proclaimed king of England, Scotland and Ireland by his cousin Louis XIV of France. When he died in 1766 in Rome, his son, Charles Edward Stuart, followed him in the Jacobite Succession.
Prince of Orange
Prince of Orange is a title of nobility.
The title is used by members of the House of Orange-Nassau, as heirs to the crown of the Netherlands. It also used by members of the House of Hohenzollern. At the moment, the title is used by Prince Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands (Orange-Nassau), Georg Friedrich, Prince of Prussia (Hohenzollern) and Guy, Marquis de Mailly-Neslé, Prince d'Orange.
The title was at first related to a self-ruling state called the Principality of Orange. It lies in the south of what we now call France. The land was the property of the house of Orange and from 1544 of the house of Orange-Nassau.
The last of the original princes, René of Nassau, left the principality to his cousin William the Silent after he died. William the Silent was not related to the original house of Orange, but was the legal heir.
In a war in 1673, Louis XIV of France took over the lands of the principality and added them to his own royal domain. This was part of the war against the stadtholder William III of Orange. Louis XIV then gave the principality to Louis of Mailly-Nesles, marquis of Nesles (1689–1764), a very remote relation of the original princes of Orange. His descendant still claims the title today. In 1714, Louis XIV allowed Prince Louis Armand of Bourbon-Conti to use the land of the Principality to make money. Prince Louis Armand died in 1727 and the principality was merged in the Crown in 1731.
William III died without legitimate children. This meant that the principality was seen as inherited by his closest cognate relative on the basis of the testament of Frederic-Henry, Frederick I of Prussia . He handed over the principality's lands but not the title to France in 1713. France supported his claim. In this way, the territory of the principality was no longer a separate state, but became a part of France. Through the Treaty of Utrecht. A new "Principality of Orange" was created by the King of Prussia as part of the duchy of Gelderland.. The kings of Prussia and the German emperors styled themselves Princes of Orange till 1918.
John William Friso of Nassau was chosen as the heir to the princes of Orange in the Netherlands by the last will of William III. John William Friso was also related to William the Silent through the female line. Several of his descendants became stadtholders. They claim the principality of Orange on the basis of agnatic inheritance (inheritance of lands to the brother rather than the sons of the king) . This way of inheriting is similar to the way William the Silent inherited from his cousin René. The claim to the title is also on basis of the testament of Philips William, Maurice and William III. Although they claimed the title "Prince of Orange", France never allowed them to obtain anything of the lands of the principality itself. It is from this tradition that later stadtholders of the Netherlands, and the present-day royal family of the Netherlands, also hold the title.
Until 1340, it was customary for all sons of the prince of Orange to inherit the title.
Only the direct line of descent to Raimond V is shown here.
As personal title of nobility:
As royal title for the heir apparent:
Danny Jacobs (actor)
Daniel Charles Jacobs, Jr. (born July 7, 1968) is an American actor, singer, voice artist, and comedian, best known as the voice of King Julien in the "Madagascar" franchise, substituting for Sacha Baron Cohen since 2008. In "" (2012), he provided Julien's singing voice in the .
Jacobs was born Daniel Charles Jacobs, Jr. in Detroit, Michigan on July 7, 1968 to Danny Jacobs, Sr. (?–2011). He is the sixth of seven children.
Jacobs attended St. Matthew Elementary School and Bishop Gallagher High School (which later merged with St. Florian High School to become Trinity Catholic High School). For 2 years, he pursued business school at Wayne State University. In 1988, he transferred to the University of Arizona and switched his major to musical theatre.
After graduating from the University of Arizona, Jacobs had acted in regional theaters across the country. He had established himself as a national voice-over talent with clients, including Bissel, Blockbuster, Bud Light, Ford Dealers, GMAC, and KFC, among others.
In 1999, Jacobs appeared in his first live-action role in "Get the Hell Out of Hamtown".
In 2003, he began to tour the nation with "Triple Espresso: A Highly Caffeinated Comedy."
In "Epic Movie" (2007), Jacobs portrayed Borat Sagdiyev and made a cameo appearance as a Pirate with an Eye Patch. When portraying the role of Borat, he impersonated Sacha Baron Cohen, which was praised by the public.
In 1999, Jacobs landed a voice role as Curt in "Full Blast", though he was not credited.
From 2008 to 2015, Jacobs was a substitute for Sacha Baron Cohen as the voice of King Julien in "The Penguins of Madagascar", again as an impression of Baron Cohen; Jacobs also provided additional voices in the series. In 2011, he won a Daytime Emmy Award for the role. Jacobs reprised his role in "Merry Madagascar" (2009) and "Madly Madagascar" (2013). From 2014 to 2017, he returned to the role in "All Hail King Julien". In "Penguins of Madagascar" (2014), Jacobs once again reprised his role as King Julien. He had also provided voice-overs in various commercials.
In addition to the performances that led to "All Hail King Julien", Jacobs had been doing voice work for animated television series, including "Phineas and Ferb" (in which he provided additional voices) and "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" (in which he voiced Snake / Snakeweed), as well as several video games. He had said that animation, much like the theater, gives actors a chance to play a wide range of roles. He said: He had personally stated that King Julien is his favorite voice role and would gladly reprise his role if ever asked. Jacobs' performance had received more recognition than the character's predecessor Baron Cohen. In "" (2012), he provided Julien's singing voice for the soundtrack.
He provided the voice of Raam and Yeppau in the "Lego Star Wars" franchise. On September 20, 2017, Jacobs and his co-star John DiMaggio (who voiced Baash) also appeared as guests on "The Star Wars Show". He had a voice role in "Teen Titans Go!" as George Washington and Kiril in "The Lion Guard".
In 1993, Jacobs originated the role of Chico Fernández in Jeff Daniels' comedy "The Vast Difference" at the Purple Rose Theatre.
In 1996–97, he won acting awards in Michigan, Florida, and Wisconsin for his portrayal of Aram in Richard Kalinoski's "Beast on the Moon."
On July 16, 2018, Jacobs paid tribute to his late cousin Michael Anthony Risk via a Facebook video.
On July 13, 2015, Jacobs donated to Kids Kicking Cancer and had entertained some children with his King Julien voice.
Jacobs was nominated for the 2010 Annie Award for Voice Acting in a Television Production for his voice role of King Julien in "Merry Madagascar" (2009), but lost the award to Tom Kenny.
He won a 2011 Daytime Emmy Award and 2015 Daytime Emmy Award for his voice role of King Julien in "The Penguins of Madagascar" (2008–2015) and "All Hail King Julien" (2014–2017).
Invitation to William
The Invitation to William was a letter sent by seven famous Englishmen. They were later named the Immortal Seven. They sent this letter to William III, Prince of Orange, received by him on 30 June 1688 (Julian calendar, 10 July Gregorian calendar). In England a Catholic male heir to the throne, James Francis Edward Stuart, had been born. The letter asked William to force the ruling king, his father-in-law James II of England to make William's Protestant wife Mary, James's oldest daughter, the heir. This might possibly be done by saying that the newborn Prince of Wales was not really James' son.
The letter told William that if he were to land in England with a small army, they would rise up and support him. The Invitation shortly told him about their complaints against King James. They said that the King's son was not really the King's son and that the English people generally believed him to be false. They complained that William had sent a letter to James congratulating him on the birth of his son. It was carried to William in The Hague by Rear Admiral Arthur Herbert (the later Lord Torrington) disguised as a common sailor. It was read by a secret code.
The invitation made William decide to carry out his existing plans to land with a large Dutch army. This ended in the Glorious Revolution. James was allowed to escape and was replaced by William and Mary as joint rulers.
Those who signed the invitation were:
Válber Costa
Válber da Silva Costa (born 6 December 1971) is a former Brazilian football player.
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Royal house
A royal house or royal dynasty is a family title, or family name of sorts. It is used by royalty. It usually means the members of a family in old and young people, who are loosely related. Unlike most western people, a great number of the world's royal families do not have family names, and those that have them do not use them often. They are referred to instead by their titles, often related to an area ruled or once ruled by that family. Royal Houses still exist today.
The majority of these nations are now republics or part of republics. The Princely Houses of Germany often have given their own names to the states they ruled.
Andre Luis Neitzke
Andre Luis Neitzke (born 24 November 1986) is a Brazilian football player.
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Yu Hasegawa
Yu Hasegawa (born 5 June 1987) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Montedio Yamagata.
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Alex Oliveira
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Leandro Cesar de Souza
Leandro Cesar de Souza (born 6 July 1979) is a former Brazilian football player.
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Hiroshi Hirakawa
Hirakawa was born in Kanagawa Prefecture on January 10, 1965. After graduating from Juntendo University, he joined Japan Soccer League club Nissan Motors (later "Yokohama Marinos") in 1987. From 1988 to 1990, the club won all three major title in Japan; Japan Soccer League, JSL Cup and Emperor's Cup for two years in a row. During the 1990s, the club won the 1990 JSL Cup, 1991 and 1992 Emperor's Cup. In Asia, the club won the 1991–92 and 1992–93 Asian Cup Winners' Cups. Toward the end of his career, he played for Yokohama Flügels in 1995 and Consadole Sapporo in 1996. He retired in 1996.
In March 1985, Hirakawa was selected the Japan national team for 1986 World Cup qualification. At this qualification, on March 21, he debuted against North Korea. After he joined Nissan Motors, he was selected Japan again in 1988 and 1989. In 1992, he also played 1 game for the first time in 3 years. He played 13 games for Japan until 1992.
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Tezuka was born in Tochigi Prefecture on September 4, 1958. After graduating from Chuo University, he joined Japan Soccer League club Fujita Industries in 1981. The club won the league champions in 1981. He retired in 1991. He played 167 games and scored 42 goals in the league.
On June 11, 1980, when Tezuka was a Chuo University student, he debuted for the Japan national team against China. He played at 1986 World Cup qualification, 1986 Asian Games and 1988 Summer Olympics qualification. He played 25 games and scored 2 goals for Japan until 1988.
After retirement, Tezuka started coaching career at Fujita Industries (later "Bellmare Hiratsuka", "Shonan Bellmare") in 1991. In 2003, he moved to Mito HollyHock and became an assistant coach. In 2005, he moved to Thespa Kusatsu and became a manager. In 2007, he signed with Japanese Regional Leagues club Fagiano Okayama. He promoted the club to Japan Football League in 2008 and J2 League in 2009. In 2010, he moved to Fukushima United FC and managed until 2011.
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Hiromitsu Horiike
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Toshihiro Uchida
Kim Yong-sik
Kim Yong-Sik (July 25, 1910 - March 5, 1985) was a South Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player and coach. He was a member of the Japanese national team and the Korean national team. He competed in two Summer Olympic Games.
Kim was a member of the Japanese team at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin.
After Korean independence, Kim was a member of the Korean team at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London.
In theater, an understudy is an actor or singer who studies the part of one of the main actors or singers in cases when they can't perform.
If a main performer is unable to perform, the understudy will take their place. The understudy is often a member of the chorus who might have had a small part in the performance anyway. Sometimes an understudy is called a "standby". A standby is usually not a member of the chorus or ensemble. They may be required to be present in the theatre during the performance, or part of it, in case of a problem.