AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
As Narbonne explains, the Ediacaran biota occupies a critical position in the fossil record. Before them, for a long period of the Archaean and most of the Protoerozoic, the only fossils were those of bacteria and bacterial mats, a form of life which continues to the present day. The Ediacaran biota is found worldwide, and the most typical forms disappeared just before the Cambrian radiation, which begins with the 'small shelly fossils'. That is probably enough to justify the description of the change as an extinction event, though what caused it is not clear. One suggestion is that the evolution of animals which grazed upon the soft-bodied forms would have been sufficient to cause a collapse of the biota.
The biota was extremely varied, having many different body forms, and hence species. The ecology was benthic (sea bottom), in both shallow and deeper water. Narbonne notes the absence of different life and different depths, the apparent absence of burrowing organisms, and the absence of animals capable of preying on the soft-bodied forms. If these conditions changed, the soft forms would be in peril.
Ediacaran-type fossils are recognised globally in 25 localities, and a variety of depositional conditions, and are commonly grouped into three main types, named after typical localities. Each assemblage occupies its own habitat, and after a burst of diversification changes little for the rest of its existence.
In the White Sea region of Russia, all three assemblage types have been found close together. This, and the faunas' overlap in time, makes it unlikely that they represent evolutionary stages. Since they are found on all continents except Antarctica, geographical boundaries do not appear to be a factor. The same fossils are found at all palæolatitudes.
Probably the three assemblages mark organisms adapted to survival in different environments. An analysis of one of the White Sea fossil beds, where the layers cycle from continental seabed to inter-tidal to estuarine and back again a few times, found that a specific set of Ediacaran organisms was associated with each environment.
It is no surprise that not all environments are exploited. Of 92 possible modes of life — combinations of feeding style, tiering and motility — no more than a dozen are occupied by the end of the Ediacaran. Just four are represented in the Avalon assemblage. The lack of large-scale predation and vertical burrowing are perhaps the most significant factors limiting the ecological diversity; the emergence of these during the early Cambrian allowed the number of lifestyles occupied to rise to 30.
Antonio de Trueba
Antonio de Trueba (24 December 1821-10 March 1889) was a Spanish poet, novelist, and folklorist born at Montellana, Biscay, in 1821 (some sources say 1819), where he was privately educated.
Arrangement (music)
An arrangement of a musical composition is a reworking of a piece of music so that it can be played by a different instrument or combination of instruments from the original. For example, a song written for one voice with piano accompaniment might be arranged so that it can be sung in parts by a choir, or a piece for violin might be arranged so that it can be played on a clarinet instead. The person who does the arrangement may be the composer themself, or it may be someone else.
In music history, composers often published their compositions, saying that the music could be played or sung by various instruments. For example, when English composers published madrigals in the late 16th century they often stated that they could be sung by singers or played on viols (“apt for voices as for viols”). In the Classical music period a composer might publish a sonata, stating that it could be played on the violin or flute or recorder. This helped to sell more copies, because violinists, flautists and recorder players might all want to buy the music. In a sense this is not really an arrangement, because no changes have been made to the music.
However, when violin or cello music is arranged so that it can be played on a viola, some changes may be necessary as the viola may be playing in a different key, or some chords may be more awkward the way they were originally written. This is an arrangement.
A popular piece such as "The Flight of the Bumble Bee" by Rimsky-Korsakov can be played by almost any melodic instrument: violin, xylophone, tuba etc. These are all arrangements.
When a piece for choir and orchestra is printed for choir members to use, the orchestral part is printed on two staves so that it can be played on a piano for rehearsals. This is another kind of arrangement.
In music history, many composers have made arrangements of music composed by others. They did this in order to learn about musical composition, as well as in order to be able to play it on another instrument. For example, Johann Sebastian Bach made arrangements of four concertos by Vivaldi so that they could be played on the organ.
Arrangements are often made by people who play instruments that have not had much music written for them. People who play the viola, guitar, tuba etc. often arrange other music so that they have a larger repertoire (more music to play).
Sometimes composers have made changes to the orchestration of works for orchestra written by others. They may have done this because instruments had changed since the music was written, or simply because they thought they could do it better. For example, Mozart made an arrangement of Handels "Messiah ", adding instruments such as clarinets which Handel would not have known. Rimsky-Korsakov made arrangements of the operas by Musorgsky thinking that he was improving them.
Arrangements are sometimes made because a player has some disability. Cyril Smith, a pianist who only had one arm, played piano duets with his wife Phyllis Sellick. They arranged piano duets so that they could be played by three hands.
Sometimes arrangements are made of well-known classical pieces in which the music is “jazzed up” or made to sound more popular for movie or theatre performances. Sometimes musicians think this is not a good thing. Sometimes small vocal groups such as the Swingle Singers make lighthearted versions of works by Bach and others.
Fernando Botero
Fernando Botero Angulo (born 19th April 1932) is a Colombian painter and sculptor. Botero is one of the best-known artists of Latin America. Since 1976, he has done figure-sculpting. His figures are special because they are all "thick", which makes them look different from others.
Abelian group
In group theory, an abelian group is a group with operation that is commutative. Because of that, an abelian group is sometimes called a ‘commutative group’.
A group in which the group operation is not commutative is called a ‘non-abelian group’ or ‘non-commutative group’.
An abelian group is a set, "A", together with an operation "•". It combines any two elements "a" and "b" to form another element denoted . For the group to be abelian, the operation and the elements must follow some requirements. These are known as the "abelian group axioms":
Homing pigeon
A Homing pigeon is a special breed of pigeons. These pigeons have been domesticated. They have been selectively bred to find their way home. They can do this over very long distances. The wild rock pigeon from which these birds are bred also has this homing ability. This means that it will generally return to its own nest and its own mate. This made it relatively easy to breed from the birds that repeatedly found their way home over long distances. Flights as long as 1800 kilometers have been recorded by birds in competition pigeon racing. Speeds of up to 95 km/h (59 mph) have been observed.
Homing pigeons are called carrier pigeons when they are used to carry messages. This is possible where a message is written on thin light paper (such as cigarette paper) and rolled into a small tube attached to the bird's leg; this is called pigeon post. Pigeons can only go back to one "mentally marked" point that they have identified as their home. So "pigeon mail" can only work when the sender is actually holding the receiver's pigeons. White homing pigeons are used in Release Dove ceremonies at weddings, funerals, and some sporting events.
Roberto de Assis Moreira
Roberto de Assis Moreira (born 10 January 1971) is a former Brazilian football player.
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Rafael Scheidt
Rafael Scheidt (born 10 February 1976) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for the Brazil national team.
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38||2
156||14
Alex Sandro Santana de Oliveira
Alex Sandro Santana de Oliveira (born 30 October 1973) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Bahia.
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David Soria Yoshinari
David Soria Yoshinari (born 18 September 1977) is a Peruvian football player. He has played for Peru national team.
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312||37||||||||||312||37
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Mikaël Silvestre
Mikaël Silvestre (born 9 August 1977) is a French football player. He plays for Arsenal.
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263||8||23||1||15||0||75||2||376||11
329||9||23||1||15||0||75||2||442||12
!Total||40||2
Éric Abidal
Éric Abidal (born 11 September 1979) is a French football player. He plays for Barcelona and France national team.
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Pavel Badea
Pavel Badea (born 10 June 1967) is a former Romanian football player. He has played for Romania national team.
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Julio Hernán Rossi (born 22 February 1977) is an Argentine football player. He plays for Neuchâtel Xamax.
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Regis Pitbull
Regis Fernandes Silva (born 22 September 1976), also known by the nickname Regis or Regis Pitbull, is a Brazilian professional athlete. He is best known as a football player.
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Otto Loewi
Otto Loewi (June 3, 1873 - December 25, 1961) was a German doctor. He won the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, along with Henry Hallett Dale, for their discoveries about chemical transmission of nerve impulses
In his most famous experiment, Loewi took fluid from a frog heart with a slowed beat and applied it to another. That slowed the second heart. This showed that synaptic signalling used chemical messengers.
It is now known that there are two different kinds of nerve synapses. One kind releases chemicals, and is a neurotransmitter synapse. The other is an electrical synapse which transmits voltage charges over gap junctions between nerve cells.
Heinrich Lübke
Heinrich Lübke (October 14, 1894 – April 6, 1972) was the second President of the Federal Republic of Germany. He was President from 1959 to 1969.
Elisha Levy
Elisha Levy (; born on 18 November 1957 in Jerusalem) is a former professional football player and he is currently manager of Israeli side Maccabi Haifa.
Levy played in Hapoel Hapoel Beit Sha'an youth team from 1968-1974.
After playing in Hapoel Beit Sha'an youth team, Elisha Levy was playing for Hapoel Beit Sha'an from 1974-1982. For 1 year, 1982-1983, Elisha Levy was played for Maccabi Haifa. In 1983-1987, Levy played in Maccabi Petah Tikva Elisha Levy was playing for Hapoel Beit Sha'an at 1987-1989.
Elisha Levy was retired from football after those last two years in Hapoel Beit Sha'an
Levy managed teams for 20 years. Currently, Elisha Levy manages Maccabi Haifa.
List of WWE Raw guest hosts
Transcription (music)
A musical transcription is musical notation for an existing piece of music that had been previously unnotated. Musicians often disagree about what should be called a “transcription” and what is an “arrangement”. Usually transcriptions are a direct notation of the source, whereas a musician who makes an arrangement may insert new interpretations into the music (i.e. changing the instrumentation, reharmonization, or even new sectionalization of the piece as with cover songs). A transcription, as Klapuri writes, would require that the pitch, timing, and instrumentation of all sound events to be resolved; difficult as this may be for some cases, this goal is usually redefined such that a transcription constitutes the notation of as many of the constituent sounds as possible or some well-defined part of the music signal (i.e. the dominant melody or the most prominent drum sounds).
Transcriptions can be created for all kinds of music in order to help the performer to learn the piece. Transcriptions are common for music such as jazz (which usually consists of improvisation) and folk, which traditionally is taught from one generation to another by listening and imitating. In the early 20th century, some composers became interested in writing down the traditional folk songs of their countries. Béla Bartók and Zoltan Kodaly in Hungary as well as Cecil Sharpe and Ralph Vaughan Williams in England notably transcribed various folk songs they heard being sung in the villages of their respective countries.
Sometimes transcriptions are made for practical reasons. Mozart made transcriptions of some music from his own operas, arranging them for small groups of instruments so that they could play it for popular entertainment. Stravinsky transcribed some of his ballet music for piano, e.g. The Rite of Spring for piano duet and some dances from Petrouchka for piano solo. These types of transcriptions are often referred to as a "": the simplification of a large work to be performed by a smaller ensemble or a soloist.
VY Canis Majoris
VY Canis Majoris (VY CMa) is a red hypergiant star in the constellation Canis Major. It is about distant from Earth. It is one of the Largest known Stars in the universe, and one of the most luminous of its type.
VY Canis Majoris is 1,420 times wider than the Sun. If placed at the center of the Solar System, VY Canis Majoris's surface would extend beyond Jupiter's orbit. However, there is still some variation in the size estimates as other estimates of the radius make it larger than the orbit of Saturn.
VY CMa is a single star, a "semiregular" variable with a period of about 2,001 days. It has an average density of 5 to 10 mg/m.
When it dies it is expected to explode to a Supernova and then turn into a Black hole.
Sydney (disambiguation)
Sydney can be any of the following:
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences or "Kungliga Vetenskapsakademin" ("KVA") is one of the Royal Academies of Sweden. The Academy is an independent, scientific, non-governmental organization, set up to support the sciences, mainly the natural sciences and mathematics.
The Academy was started on 2 June 1739 by naturalist Carl Linnaeus, economist Jonas Alströmer, mechanical engineer Mårten Triewald, civil servants Sten Carl Bielke and Carl Wilhelm Cederhielm, and politician Anders Johan von Höpken.
The academy was set up to find useful knowledge, and to write about it in Swedish. The academy was meant to be different from the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala, which had been started in 1719 and published in Latin. It was built near the main business centre in Stockholm, (which unlike Uppsala did not have a university at this time). The Swedish scientists wanted it to be like the Royal Society in London and Academie Royale des Sciences in Paris, France.
Groups of the Academy meet to give out international prizes:
and national prizes:
Karolinska Institutet
Karolinska Institutet (in English Karolinska Institute), and before 1968, the Royal Caroline Institute is one of Europe's biggest medical universities.
It was started in 1810 on Kungsholmen island on the west side of Stockholm. It later moved to Solna, just outside Stockholm, and a second campus has been built in Flemingsberg/Huddinge, south of Stockholm.
A committee of the institute decides on the winners of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
The Karolinska University Hospital, in Solna and Huddinge, is the university's research and teaching hospital. It is one of Sweden's largest centres for training and research, with 30 percent of the medical training and 40 percent of the medical academic research. While most of the medical programs are taught in Swedish, most of the Ph.D. programs are taught in English.
The institute is a member of the League of European Research Universities. In the 2009 Academic Ranking of World Universities, the institute is the best university for medicine and pharmacy in Europe, 8th in the world. It is listed as the best university in Sweden.
Karolinska Institutet was started between 1810 and 1811 to teach army surgeons. It was called the 'Medico-Chirurgiska Institutet'.
In 1817 the name 'Karolinska' was added as a reference to 'Karoliner' which was the name of soldiers under the Swedish king Karl XII. The full name became 'Kongl. Carolinska Medico Chirurgiska Institutet'.
In 1968 this name was changed to 'Karolinska Institutet'.
Florent Malouda
Florent Malouda (born 13 June 1980) is a French football player. He plays for Chelsea and France national team.
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Wim Jonk
Wim Jonk (born 12 October 1966) is a former Dutch football player. He has played for Netherlands national team.
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70||5
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!Total||49||11
Ramon Menezes Hubner
Ramon Menezes Hubner (born 30 June 1972) is a Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
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Reinhard Stumpf
Reinhard Stumpf (born 26 November 1961) is a former German football player.
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José Fernando Fumagalli (born 5 October 1977) is a Brazilian professional athlete. He is best known as a football player.
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Osmar Donizete Cândido
Osmar Donizete Cândido (born 24 October 1968) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
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Jan Veenhof
Jan Veenhof (born 28 January 1969) is a former Dutch football player.
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Leonard Henriques da Silva
Leonard Henriques da Silva (born 22 July 1982) is a Brazilian football player.
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List of Scottish football stadiums by capacity
This is a list of Scottish football stadia, ranked in descending order of capacity.
Swedish Academy
The Swedish Academy () was started in 1786 by the Swedish King Gustav III. It was copied from the Académie française, the first Academy ever. The Swedish Academy has 18 members. The motto of the Academy is "Talent and Taste" (""Snille och Smak"" in Swedish).
Since 1901 the Academy has decided who will win the Nobel Prize in Literature The prize is given in memory of Alfred Nobel.
The other thing the Academy does is to help to keep the Swedish language clean. They work for the "purity, strength, and greatness of the Swedish language" (""Svenska folkets renhet, styrka och höghet""). To help do this, the Academy publishes two dictionaries.
The first is a dictionary in only one big book, called "Svenska Akademiens ordlista" (or "SAOL"). In 2015, it was up to its 14th edition. The second dictionary has many volumes. It is called "Svenska Akademiens ordbok" (or "SAOB"). The content it is so big that it needs many books, like the "Oxford English Dictionary". The first book in the set was printed in 1898 and in 2015 work had got as far as words beginning with the letter "V".
The Academy uses a building now known as the Stockholm Stock Exchange Building. The bottom floor was used as a trading exchange (which became the stock exchange) and the upper floor was used for dances, New Years Eve parties, etc. In 1786, the ballroom was the biggest room in Stockholm that could be heated and be used in the winter. The king asked if he could use it. The Academy has met there every year since. In 1914 the Academy gained the right to use the upper floor as their own forever. This is where they meet and, amongst other business, choose the Nobel Prize winners. Because of this, the Academy is one of the most important literary groups in the world. The Swedish Academy is one of the Royal Academies of Sweden.
The current members of the Swedish Academy listed by seat number :
Norwegian Nobel Committee
The Norwegian Nobel Committee is the group which gives the Nobel Peace Prize every year. It has five members who are elected by the Norwegian Parliament and has the same political makeup as the parliament.
Alfred Nobel died in December 1896, and in his will he left a lot of money to start a number of prizes to given each year, to be called the Nobel Prize. The money would be looked after by the Nobel Foundation, and the prizes would be given out by a number of different groups.
The other Nobel Prizes would be given by existing Swedish groups, the Swedish Academy, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and the Karolinska Institutet. The job of giving the Nobel Peace Prize was given to the Norwegian Parliament. A group of five people, to be called the Norwegian Nobel Committee, would decide who should win the prize. The Peace Prize would be given to the person who had done the most work to get countries to work together, to make the world's armies smaller, or to hold peace talks when needed.
Legal expert Fredrik Heffermehl has said that a parliament could not be expected to handle a legal jobs like looking after a will. Parliaments make and change laws, but a will can not be changed unless it has clearly become out of date. At the time this problem was not talked about very much, as the Norwegian Parliament felt that they needed to act quickly in case the money was lost in a legal battles. They agreed to give the Peace Prize on 26 April 1897 and on August 5, 1897 they worked out the rules for who could be elected to the Norwegian Nobel Committee.
The first Peace Prize was given in 1901 to Henri Dunant and Frédéric Passy. At first, the committee was filled with active members of the parliament and every year its reports were talked about in parliamentary sessions. These links to the Norwegian Parliament were later weakened so that the committee became more independent.
The name was changed from the Norwegian Nobel Committee to the Nobel Committee of the Norwegian Parliament () in 1901, but changed back in 1977. Now, members of parliament cannot be on the committee, unless they have said that they will be leaving the parliament soon. The committee is currently made up of five people who have all left the parliament.
But the committee is still mainly made up of politicians. A 1903 idea to elect a law expert (Ebbe Hertzberg) was rejected. In 1948, the election system was changed to make the committee have the same political makeup as the parliament. The Norwegian Labour Party, which had a majority of seats in the Norwegian Parliament made this change. Many people do not like this change, but it is still the way the committee is elected. There have been suggestions about having non-Norwegian members in the committee, but this has never happened.
The Norwegian Nobel Committee is helped by the Norwegian Nobel Institute, started in 1904. The committee might get more than a hundred different names for people to be given the prize. It asks the Nobel Institute in February every year to study about twenty possible winners.
The director of the Nobel Institute is also the secretary to the Norwegian Nobel Committee. Currently this position is held by to Geir Lundestad. Thorbjørn Jagland has been the Norwegian Nobel Committee's leader since 2009.
Andaz Apna Apna
Andaz Apna Apna is a Hindi language comedy movie directed by Rajkumar Santoshi. Main actors in this movie are Aamir Khan, Salman Khan, Raveena Tandon, Karisma Kapoor, Paresh Rawal and Shakti Kapoor. The movie was released on 11 April 1994. This movie was nominated for Filmfare Awards 1995 in four categories: Best Film, Best Director (Rajkumar Santoshi), Best Actor (Aamir Khan) and Best Comedian (Shakti Kapoor for the role of 'Crime Master Gogo').
The movie has 4 songs composed by Tushar Bhatia with lyrics by Majrooh Sultanpuri.
Karisma Kapoor (also spelled as Karishma Kapoor), is an Indian actress. She was born on 25 June 1974 in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Karishma Kapoor acts in Hindi language movies. She has won a Filmfare Best Actress Award. She also won a Filmfare Best Supporting Actress Award and a National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress.
She is the sister of actress Kareena Kapoor. She is the daughter of Bollywood Actors Randhir Kapoor and Babita. She is the first-cousin of actor Ranbir Kapoor. Kapoor studied at the Cathedral and John Connon School in Mumbai until Grade Six.
She married Sanjay in 2003 and they have two children.
Parides erithalion
The Variable Cattleheart ("Parides erithalion") is a species of butterfly. It belongs in the family Papilionidae. It is found in North America and South America.
The upper side of the wings is black. The hind wing (bottom wing) has a row of red spots. The underside of the wings is also black. The hind wing has a row of pink and whitish-colored spots.
The eggs are a brownish color. The caterpillar is brownish-black. It has white and reddish-brown areas.
The Variable Cattleheart feeds on "Aristolochia cordiflora".
Ava Gardner
Ava Lavinia Gardner (December 24, 1922 – January 25, 1990) was an American actress. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for acting in "Mogambo" (1953). She was in several popular movies during the 1950s, and got BAFTA Award nominations for her performances in "Bhowani Junction" (1956), "On the Beach" (1959) and "The Night of the Iguana" (1964).
She is listed as one of the American Film Institute's greatest stars of all time.
Oswaldo Sánchez
Oswaldo Sánchez (born 21 September 1973) is a Mexican football player. He plays for Santos Laguna and Mexico national team.
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Costinha
Costinha (born 1 December 1974) is a former Portuguese football player. He has played for Portugal national team.
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84||3
284||25
Shigeru Morioka
Morioka was born in Ozu on August 12, 1973. After graduating from Yawatahama Technical High School, he joined J1 League club Gamba Osaka in 1992. He debuted in 1993 and played many matches as offensive midfielder from 1994. His opportunity to play decreased in 1998. He moved to Kyoto Purple Sanga in 1999 and Vissel Kobe in 2000. He returned to Gamba in 2002. Although he played many matches in 2002, his opportunity to play decreased from 2003. In 2006, he moved to Regional Leagues club Banditonce Kobe (later "Banditonce Kakogawa"). He retired end of 2008 season.
In July 1996, Morioka was selected the Japan U-23 national team for 1996 Summer Olympics. At this tournament, he played 1 match as right side midfielder against Hungary in third match. Although Japan won 2 matches, Japan lost at First round. At this time, Japan won Brazil in first game. It was known as "Miracle of Miami" () in Japan.
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Yoann Gourcuff
Yoann Miguel Gourcuff (born 11 July 1986) is a French football player. He plays for the France national team and Olympique Lyonnais in Ligue 1. Gourcuff plays as a midfielder and sometimes as a striker.
Yoann Gourcuff began his career in 1992 with F.C. Lorient. In 2001 he began to play for Rennes. While playing for Rennes, he attracted many supporters and the interest of other teams. Gourcuff moved to the Italian club AC Milan in 2003. He achieved many club honors with AC Milan, but did not play with the starting eleven players. In 2008 Goucuff was loaned to the French football team Girordins Bordeaux. After playing a good season, he became a permanent player for Bordeaux. Gourcuff has been compared to Zinedine Zidane because of his playing style and ability. Gourcuff has won the UNFP Ligue Player of the Year award. He was named French Player of the Year by the magazine "France Football" in 2009. In August 2010, he joined Olympique Lyonnais.
Gourcuff played his first game with the France national football team in August 2008. He scored his first international goal against Romania two months later. Since joining the national team, Gourcuff has been the team's playmaker. The role of playmaker had been empty since Zidane's retirement in 2006.
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Daniel Sanabria
Daniel Sanabria (born 2 February 1977) is a former Paraguayan football player. He has played for Paraguay national team.
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Gláucio de Jesus Carvalho
Gláucio de Jesus Carvalho (born 11 November 1975) is a Brazilian football player.
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44||19
132||32
Ali Boumnijel
Ali Boumnijel (born 13 April 1966) is a former Tunisian football player. He has played for Tunisia national team.
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Takafumi Yoshimoto
Takafumi Yoshimoto (born 13 May 1978) is a former Japanese football player.
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Daishi Hiramatsu
Daishi Hiramatsu (born 3 July 1983) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Tokyo.
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Oligocene
Sidney Poitier
From 1997 through 2007, he was the Bahamian ambassador to Japan.
Poitier was born in Miami, Florida. He grew up with his family on remote Cat Island, in the Bahamas. His mother was called Evelyn and his father was called Reginald James Poitier. They had a farm. Poitier's birth was premature and people did not expect him to survive, but his parents stayed three months in Miami until he became well. Since he was born in Miami, Poitier automatically gained U.S. citizenship.
When he was 15, Poitier's parents sent him off Miami to live with his older brother. At 17, he moved to New York City and got several menial jobs. During this time, he was arrested for vagrancy (being homeless) after having to leave his home for not paying rent. He decided to join the United States Army. He worked as a dishwasher until he got a job with the American Negro Theater.
Poitier was tone deaf, and could not sing or dance. This is what black actors did at the time, so audiences did not like him. He worked very hard to improve his acting skills, and to get rid of his Bahamian accent. He eventually got a leading role in the Broadway play called "Lysistrata" and he got excellent reviews. At the end of 1949, he got a job working for Darryl F. Zanuck in the movie "No Way Out" (1950). He played a doctor treating a white bigot. After this job, he soon got more movie roles. The acting jobs he got were better and more interesting than the roles most black actors played at the time.
In 1955, he played a member of an badly behaved high school class in "Blackboard Jungle". This was an important role in Poitier's career.
Poitier was the first black actor to win the Academy Award for Best Actor (for "Lilies of the Field" in 1963).
He acted in the first production of "A Raisin in the Sun" on Broadway in 1959, and later starred in the movie version released in 1961. He was also in "The Bedford Incident" (1965), and "A Patch of Blue" (1965) co-starring Elizabeth Hartman and Shelley Winters. In 1967, he was the most successful actor at the box office, with three successful movies, "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner"; "To Sir, with Love" and "In the Heat of the Night". The last movie featured his most successful character, Virgil Tibbs, a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania detective.
However, Poitier began to be criticized for typecasting himself, playing black characters who had only good personalities, like his character in "Guess Who's Coming To Dinner". Poitier agreed with this but although he wanted more different roles, but also wanted to set a good example with his characters and go against the negative stereotypes that had come before. He was the only major black actor in the American movie industry at the time.
Poitier has directed several movies, the most successful being the Richard Pryor-Gene Wilder comedy "Stir Crazy". The first movie he directed was the western "Buck and the Preacher". He was also the star, with Harry Belafonte. Other movies he has directed are "Uptown Saturday Night", "Let's Do It Again", "A Piece of the Action", and "Ghost Dad".
Poitier was first married to Juanita Hardy from April 29, 1950 until 1965. He has been married to Joanna Shimkus, a Canadian-born actress, since January 23, 1976. He has four daughters by his first marriage and two by his second.
He has written three autobiographical books, "This Life" (1980), "" (2000) and "Life Beyond Measure - letters to my Great-Granddaughter" (2008).
In April 1997, Poitier was became ambassador of the Bahamas to Japan. He is also the ambassador of the Bahamas to UNESCO. From 1998 to 2003, he was a Member of the Board of Directors of The Walt Disney Company.
In 2001, Poitier received an Academy Honorary Award for his overall contribution to American cinema. In August 2009, he received the Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama.
Pliocene
The Pliocene (Pleiocene in older texts) was a short geological epoch at the end of the Neogene. It is also the fifth and final epoch of the former Tertiary period and the fifth epoch of the Cainozoic. It began 5.3 million years ago and ended 2.6 million years ago. The Pliocene follows the Miocene and is followed by the Pleistocene.
The world continued to get cooler and drier in the Pliocene. Tropical rain forests and deciduous forests shrank. Grasslands grew, and many herbivorous mammals became grazers instead of browsers. A new land bridge at Panama brought a Great American Interchange. Hominid evolution took a new turn as some apes started to live on the savannah instead of the forests (Australopithecines). Late in the Pliocene the Greenland ice cap grew and became permanent, and the ice sheet of Antarctica grew to cover most of Antarctica.
Grazer
A grazer is an animal, usually a herbivorous mammal, which eats grass. It is contrasted with browsers, which eat trees & shrubs.
The life-style, dentition (teeth), and digestive system of grazers is different from browsers, to handle the problems of eating and digesting grass. This is well illustrated in the evolution of such groups as horses. Ruminants are the largest group of grazers, though many other animals such as giant pandas also graze.
When grazers keep eating grass in an area without giving the plants time to grow back, that is called overgrazing.
Fauna means animal life. It is a group term; it means the animal life typical of the time or place. It is a similar term to flora in Botany.
So one might speak of the Eocene fauna as being different from the Miocene fauna. Or say, the fauna of a particular habitat. The flora and fauna of a savannah differ from those of a rain forest.
Another use of the word is for published lists of animals, such as:
Butterscotch
Jiffy Lube
Jiffy Lube is a chain of businesses that services automobiles. It is most well known for quick oil changes. The one-way design of the building allows for fast service.
In addition to oil changes, Jiffy Lube mechanics are trained to inspect cars and suggest service when needed. They can do many services themselves.
Jiffy Lube is owned by Pennzoil-Quaker State, part of SOPUS (Shell Oil Products United States), part of Royal Dutch Shell Group.
National Endowment for the Arts
Art Blakey
Arthur "Art" Blakey (October 11, 1919 – October 16, 1990), also known as Abdullah Ibn Buhaina, was an American jazz drummer and bandleader. With Kenny Clarke and Max Roach, he was one of the inventors of the modern bebop style of drumming. His band, the Jazz Messengers, was made up of many jazz musicians became famous and important in jazz.
Blakey was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. By the time he was a teenager he played the piano professionally. He then taught himself to play the drums in the style of Chick Webb, Sid Catlett and Ray Bauduc. He played in New York in 1942 with Mary Lou Williams. He then went on tour with the Fletcher Henderson Orchestra. From 1944 to 1947 he played with the Billy Eckstine big band, along with Miles Davis, Dexter Gordon and Fats Navarro.
In 1947 Blakey recorded with an octet called the Jazz Messengers. In the early 1950s he performed and broadcast with musicians like Charlie Parker, Miles Davis, Clifford Brown, and Horace Silver. Blakey and Silver recorded together several times, like the album "A Night at Birdland" in 1954. Over the years the Jazz Messengers included jazz musicians such as Donald Byrd, Johnny Griffin, Lee Morgan, Wayne Shorter, Freddie Hubbard, Keith Jarrett, Chuck Mangione, Woody Shaw, JoAnne Brackeen and Wynton Marsalis. Blakey made a world tour in 1971–2 with the Giants of Jazz (with Dizzy Gillespie, Kai Winding, Sonny Stitt, Thelonious Monk and Al McKibbon).
He converted to Islam during a visit to West Africa in the late 1940s and took the name Abdullah Ibn Buhaina. (He had the nickname "Bu").
Up to the 1960s Blakey recorded as a sideman with many other musicians like Jimmy Smith, Herbie Nichols, Cannonball Adderley, Grant Green, and Jazz Messengers musicians Lee Morgan and Hank Mobley. After the mid-1960s he mostly worked as a bandleader.
Blakey continued performing and touring with his group into the late 1980s. He died in 1990 of lung cancer in New York City.
Jethro Tull (agriculturist)
A crash test dummy is a test device ( commonly abbreviated 'ATD') that is made to be close to the same shape, size, heaviness, proportions and articulation of the human body. They sometimes have equipment embedded in them that measures data about how hard things are hitting it and how fast the ATD is moving around. ATDs have many applications but are commonly used in simulated (test) car crashes to see how safe the cars are for people when they crash.
Parides montezuma
Montezuma's Cattleheart ("Parides montezuma") is a species of butterfly. It belongs in the family Papilionidae. It is found in North America and South America.
The upper side of the wings is black. The hind wing (bottom wing) has one row of red crescents along the edge. The underside of the wings is black. The hind wing has a row of red crescents like the ones on the upper side.
Here is a list of host plants used by Montezuma's Cattleheart. (The host plant is the plant that the caterpillar feeds on.):
Parides alopius
The white-dotted cattleheart (Parides alopius) a species of butterfly. It is in the family Papilionidae.
It is endemic to Mexican. It has also been found once in the United States in southeastern Arizona.
The upper side of the wings is black. The hind wing (bottom wing) has two rows of spots. The first row is white. The second row is pink. Males have fewer white spots than females. The underside of the wings is similar to the upper side. The row of pink spots on the underside are more noticeable than the pink spots on the upper side. It has a wingspan of 3-3.5 inches.
The caterpillar is ringed with black and white bands. It has yellow and reddish-brown fleshy areas. Each side of the body has red, orange, and white spots. The chrysalis is a blue-green color. The head, parts of the thorax, and the abdomen are a bright yellow-green color. It is not known whether the chrysalis has a brown form or not. The chrysalis has a similar shape to that of the pipevine swallowtail's ("Battus philenor") chrysalis.
The imago (adult) is seen from March-November. It lives in pine-oak forests.
The only known host plant the caterpillar feeds on is Watson's pipevine ("Aristolochia watsoni").
Innocence (Avril Lavigne song)
Unwanted (Avril Lavigne song)
Unwanted is a song by Avril Lavigne and was released on her first studio album "Let Go". It was released as a radio single. The song is known for its very heavy guitar. It was one of the four songs released on her 2003 EP "The Angus Drive EP".
Angus Drive
Keisuke Mori (born 17 April 1980) is a former Japanese football player.
66||3||2||0||2||0||70||3
Silva Jose Reinaldo Fernandes
Silva Jose Reinaldo Fernandes (born 28 December 1976) is a former Brazilian football player.
Thomas Bickel
319||49
394||70
!Total||52||5
Chris Birchall
Chris Birchall (born 5 May 1984) is a Trinidad and Tobago football player. He plays for Los Angeles Galaxy and Trinidad and Tobago national team.
118||9||10||1||5||0||133||10
9||0||0||0||0||0||9||0
136||9||10||1||5||0||151||10
Sami Al-Jaber
Sami Al-Jaber (born 11 December 1972) is a former Saudi Arabian football player. He has played for Saudi Arabia national team.
4||0||0||0||1||0||5||0
!Total||163||44
Tobias Linderoth
Tobias Linderoth (born 21 April 1979) is a Swedish football player. He has played for Sweden national team.
72||4
253||20
!Total||76||2
Marcus Allbäck
Marcus Allbäck (born 5 July 1973) is a Swedish football player. He has played for Sweden national team.
241||97
89||35
48||25
23||4
441||1674
!Total||74||30
Markus Rosenberg
Markus Rosenberg (born 27 September 1982) is a Swedish football player. He plays for Werder Bremen and Sweden national team.
78||22
40||12
73||29
191||63
Marcelo Miguel Pelissari
Marcelo Miguel Pelissari (born 20 August 1975) is a former Brazilian football player.
5||0||0||0||0||0||5||0
Richard Dutruel
Richard Dutruel (born 24 December 1972) is a former French football player. He has played for France national team.
102||0
278||0
Masahiko Nakagawa (born 26 August 1969) is a former Japanese football player.
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Masao Kiba
Masao Kiba (born 6 September 1974) is a retired Japanese football player.
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Foraminifera or forams, as they are called, are an important group of tiny single-celled rhizarian eukaryotes. They are mostly marine, though a few live in fresh-water, and even on damp land areas. In the sea, they live both in the plankton (pelagic), and in the deeper water (the benthos). They have "tests" (like shells) made of calcium carbonate (CaCO).
The organism has pseudopodia like an amoeba. It uses these to capture and eat bacteria and small diatoms. Also, many of them keep algal endosymbionts. Some are "idioplastic", which means they eat the algae, but keep the algal chloroplasts for their own benefit.
Forams are often used to date strata in palaeontology. The detailed record of forams from deep sea drilling projects are the basis of a fossil index for geological periods or stages. This is called "biostratigraphy".
Deep sea forams from the Mariana Trench are below the "carbonate compensation depth", below which all CaCO dissolves. They have evolved organic tests, instead of calcium carbonate ones. This suggests that the tests are a vital part of their life-style, perhaps protecting them from other micro-predators.
Take Me Away (Avril Lavigne song)
Take Me Away is a song by Canadian singer Avril Lavigne from her second album, "Under My Skin". Like the single before it ("Losing Grip"), "Take Me Away" has an edgy, post-grunge sound and started playing on Canadian rock radio in March of 2004. At around the same time that Don't Tell Me was being promoted, as the lead single from "Under My Skin", "Take Me Away" was being released as the B-side on some copies of the "Don't Tell Me" single.
"Take Me Away" was released to radio only in Australia in 2005.
Strata are layers of rock, or sometimes soil. In nature, strata come in many layers. It is a term in sedimentary and historical geology; the singular is stratum. The study of strata is called stratigraphy.
These layers are laid down as sediment, often in the sea, and are slowly changed by pressure, heat and chemical action into rocks.
The strata are often typical of a particular time and place, and allow geologists to relate rocks in different places. For instance, chalk was laid down in the Upper Cretaceous period, and consists mainly of the remains of microscopic algae called coccoliths.
In normal strata, the later strata are laid down on earlier strata in horizontal layers. In the long passage of time, sedimentary rocks may get "deformed" by huge forces in the Earth: volcanism, orogeny (mountain building) or other causes. Then it requires research to work out what has happened to the strata.
When strata rise above sea level they get worn down by erosion, such as weather. This causes gaps in the sequence of strata, which may have risen and sunk many times in Earth history. These gaps are called unconformities in geological jargon.
In many formations of strata there are repeating patterns. For example, clay layers alternate with sandstone layers; or carbonate layers alternate with shales. This is usually caused by repeating cycles of climate. In warmer times the sea rises, and carbonate rocks are deposited in shallow subtropical seas. Later, ice builds up at the poles and the sea level drops. Then the same area is close to shore, and gets sand and mud washed down by rivers.
Rocks showing repeat patterns of strata are called rhythmites. Sometimes the patterns are caused by annual climate changes. Geologists call those varves.
Live Acoustic (Avril Lavigne EP)
Live Acoustic EP is an EP that was released in 2004 by Canadian singer Avril Lavigne. It was made up of songs from her 2004 album, "Under My Skin", and her hit single "Sk8er Boi" from her 2002 album "Let Go".
It is an acoustic album that was only released in United States Target stores. All the songs were recorded live during Avril's North American mall tour.
Sarah Lois Vaughan (March 27, 1924 – April 3, 1990) was an American jazz singer. She was described by jazz writer Scott Yanow as having "one of the most wondrous voices of the 20th century". She had a contralto (alto) vocal range.
Vaghan had the nicknames "Sassy" and "The Divine One", and she was a Grammy Award winner. The National Endowment for the Arts gave her its "highest honor in jazz," the NEA Jazz Masters Award, in 1989.
Gish
Maureen Tucker
Maureen ("Mo" or "Moe") Tucker (born August 26, 1944 in Levittown, New York) is an American musician, best known as the drummer for the Velvet Underground, a band from the 1960s and early 1970s.
Tucker worked in a factory during the day, but played drums as a hobby. Two of her brother Jim's friends were college , Lou Reed and Sterling Morrison, who had started a band. (Jim gave the band its name, after he brought them a copy of a book titled "The Velvet Underground".) When their drummer suddenly quit, she was asked to fill in for him. She did so, and ended up staying with the band full-time. She left her factory job.
Early on she was asked to "do something different" with her drums. Tucker turned her bass drum on its side, and began playing with instead of drumsticks, standing up. This became her signature style. (She also played a few times, after her drums were stolen.) She played on all the band's recordings for Verve Records and MGM's record label, and their concerts through the 1960s. She also sang lead vocals on "After Hours" and "I'm Sticking With You".
Tucker had to take a break from drumming in 1970, when she became pregnant. Billy Yule, teenage brother of Doug Yule, filled in for her on drums until after her baby Kerry was born. Tucker returned to the band, staying on even when Reed and Morrison left. She quit later, when the band thought about changing names. Instead of a solo career, she went back to factory work, and family life.
Later Tucker began drumming with other bands, including her own projects. She joined the Velvet Underground's 1990s reunions, and was present when the band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Avatar (2009 movie)
Avatar is a 2009 American science fiction adventure movie. The two main characters are played by Sam Worthington (Jake) and Zoë Saldaña (Neytiri). "Avatar" was directed by James Cameron. In 1994, Cameron wrote an 80-page story about Pandora. He did not start to develop the movie until 12 years later, in early 2006. He did this because the level of technology at the time was not good enough. The cost of the movie was high. It cost $280–310 million to make it and $150 million for marketing. The movie was released in traditional 2-D and 3-D. Only three weeks after it was released (December 18, 2009 in the United States), "Avatar" has earned more money worldwide than any movie other than Cameron's previous movie, "Titanic". In 2014, they announced that there will be a sequel in the 2020s. The Dates are December 2022, 2024, 2026 and 2028.
It has been nominated for 11 Academy Awards and eight BAFTA awards.
The story takes place on Pandora, a moon of a far away planet, in the year 2154. The movie opens with Jake getting into a fight in a bar on Earth before he goes to Pandora. Pandora is a fictional Earth-like moon in a distant planetary system.