AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Eight years after Harvey Dent's death and the defeat of the Joker, the Dent Act grants the Gotham City Police Department to organized crime. Feeling guilty for covering up Dent's crimes, Police Commissioner James Gordon writes a resignation speech telling the truth, but decides not to tell because it was not the right time. Batman has disappeared, with Bruce Wayne becoming an outcast. Cat burglar Selina Kyle steals Bruce's fingerprints from his home, kidnaps a congressman, then disappears. Selina hands Bruce's fingerprints to Phillip Stryver, an assistant to Bruce's business rival John Daggett, in hope of having her criminal record erased. Stryver double crosses Selina, but she uses the congressman's stolen phone to alert the police of their location. Gordon and the police arrive to find the congressman, then chase the criminals into the sewers while Selina escapes. A masked man called Bane who had escaped from a hijacked CIA Plane captures Gordon. Gordon escapes, and is found by John Blake, a patrol officer who grew up as an orphan and has known Batman's true identity from their similar backgrounds. Gordon promotes Blake to detective, with Blake reporting directly to him.
Wayne Enterprises is on the point of becoming bankrupt after Bruce wasted almost all of the companies money on a fusion reactor project when he learns that the core could be weaponized. Later, Bane attacks the Gotham Stock Exchange, using Bruce's fingerprints to bankrupt Wayne Enterprises. Alfred Pennyworth, concerned that Bruce has not moved on from being Batman, reveals to him that Rachel Dawes had intended to marry Dent before she died, and resigns in an attempt to dissuade him. Fearing that Daggett, Bane's employer, would gain access to the reactor, Bruce and Lucius Fox asks board member Miranda Tate to take over his company. Bane later kills Daggett. After being promised to erase her records, Selina agrees to take Batman to Bane, but instead betrays him to a trap. Bane appears and reveals that he intends to fulfill Ra's al Ghul's mission to destroy Gotham with the League of Shadows. He breaks Batman's back and takes him to a foreign, well-like prison where escape is impossible. The inmates tell Bruce the story of Ra's al Ghul's child, born in the prison and cared for by a fellow prisoner before escaping, the only prisoner to have ever done so; Bruce thinks the child is Bane.
Meanwhile, Bane had kidnapped Fox, Tate, and Fredricks in order to turn on the bomb. While in the stadium, Bane triggers bombs under Gotham that causes the tunnels to collapse and traps most of the Gotham's police underground. He kills Mayor Anthony Garcia and forces an abducted physicist, Dr. Leonid Pavel, to convert the reactor core into a nuclear bomb before killing him. Bane uses the bomb to hold the city hostage and isolate Gotham from the world. Using Gordon's stolen speech, Bane reveals the cover-up of Dent's crimes and releases the prisoners of Blackgate Prison, causing a revolution. The wealthy and powerful have their property destroyed or taken, are dragged from their homes, and given show trials presided over by Dr. Jonathan Crane, where any sentence likely means death.
After months of recovery and re-training, Bruce escapes from the prison; thanks to the prison doctor, and enlists Selina, Blake, Tate, Gordon, and Fox to help stop the bomb's detonation. While the police and Bane's forces fight at Gotham City Hall, Batman defeats Bane, but Tate later stabs Batman, revealing herself to be Talia, Ra's al Ghul's child, who escaped the prison thanks by her fellow prisoner, Bane. She plans to complete her father's work by activating the bomb and destroying Gotham, but Gordon blocks her signal, which makes the remote of detonation useless. Talia, then leaves to find the bomb. Bane prepares to kill Batman, but Selina kills Bane using the Batpod. Batman pursues Talia with the Bat, an aircraft created by Fox, to bring the bomb back to the reactor, where it can be stabilized. Talia's truck crashes, but she remotely destroys the reactor before dying. With no way to stop the detonation, Batman uses The Bat to haul the bomb over the bay, where it detonates.
In the months after, Batman is thought to be dead but is honored a hero. With Bruce also presumed dead, Wayne Manor is left to the city to become an orphanage, and Wayne's remaining estate is left to Alfred. Fox discovers that Bruce had fixed The Bat's autopilot, and Gordon finds the Bat-Signal refixed. While visiting in Florence, Italy, Alfred saw Bruce and Selina together. Blake resigns from the police force and finds the Batcave.
The movie is based on DC Comics character Batman. It is distributed under Warner Bros.. The movie was directed by Christopher Nolan and produced by Emma Thomas. The music was scored by Hans Zimmer. The cast includes Christian Bale, Michael Caine, Gary Oldman, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Tom Hardy, Morgan Freeman, Anne Hathaway, Marion Cotillard, Matthew Modine, Cillian Murphy, Nestor Carbonell, Ben Mendelsohn, Liam Neeson, Tom Conti, Joey King, Juno Temple, and Alon Abutbul. The locations of filming were in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Newark, New Jersey, Los Angeles, California, and in New York City, New York.
"The Dark Knight Rises" was released on July 20, 2012, on which same day a shooting happened in Aurora, Colorado during the movie's premiere inside an area theater. The movie is the 3rd highest-grossing movie in the world with $1,081,041,287 worldwide. "The Dark Knight Rises" currently ranks #7 in the list of the highest-grossing movies in history. "The Dark Knight Rises" came out on DVD and Blu-ray on December 4, 2012. It was one of the top movies on AFI in 2012.
Total Recall (1990 movie)
Total Recall is a 1990 American science fiction action movie directed by Paul Verhoeven. It stars Arnold Schwarzenegger, Rachel Ticotin and Sharon Stone. It is set in the year 2084. The movie was released in June 1990. The story of the movie came from ""We Can Remember It for You Wholesale"" by Philip K. Dick.
It was remade in 2012.
That's the Way (I Like It)
"That's the Way (I Like It)" is a disco-pop song released during late 1975 by the group KC & the Sunshine Band. It was at the time because of certain lyrics. This single has been covered and sampled by various artists through the years.
Hefei
Hefei () is a city and municipality () in eastern China. Hefei is the capital the Anhui province. It is the political, economic, and cultural center of Anhui. It is located in the central portion of the province, and it borders Huainan to the north, Chuzhou to the northeast, Wuhu to the southeast, Tongling to the south, Anqing to the southwest and Lu'an to the west. Hefei has 7.06 million people, 2.18 million of whom lives in the urban area.
From the 8th to the 6th centuries BC, there were many small states in Hefei. The area later became a part of the Chu kingdom. Many archaeological finds dating from this period have been made. In the 2nd century BC, the name 'Hefei' was first given to the county set up in the area under the Han dynasty.
In the 3rd century AD, the Battle of Xiaoyao Ford was fought at Xiaoyao Ford () in Hefei. Zhang Liao, a general of the Wei state, led 800 picked cavalry and defeated the 200,000-strong army from Wu. After this battle, Wu and Wei fought for several decades in Hefei.
Hefei Municipality is divided into 4 districts, 4 counties and 1 city.
Anhui
Anhui (; ) is a province in the east of China. The capital is Hefei. The area of Anhui is 139,400 km, the population of it is roughly 62,548,000 (2017).
Anhui is divided into seventeen prefecture-level divisions:
Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh / Naracoorte)
The Australian Fossil Mammal Sites is the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Queensland and South Australia.
The UNESCO listing is for two separate areas where fossils from the Cainozoic era have been found. Riversleigh is in the north west corner of Queensland and Naracoorte is in the south east corner of South Australia. The Riversleigh site is part of the Lawn Hill National Park.
The sites are important for their extinct marsupials. The fossils show the evolution of mammals in Australia over the last 20 million years. The Naracoorte site is part of the Naracoorte Caves National Park. Its fossils show the way marsupials adapted to the great climate changes that have affected the world over the last 170,000 years.
The Indian Armed Forces are the military of India. It is made up of an Army, Navy, Air Force and Coast Guard. There are other parts like Paramilitary and Strategic Nuclear Command.
The President of India is its Commander-in-Chief. However, it is managed by the Ministry of Defence.
In 2010, the Indian Armed Forces had 1.32 million active personnel. This makes it one of the largest militaries in the world.
Currently, the Indian Army is becoming more modern by buying and making new weapons. It is also building defences against missiles of other countries. In 2011, India imported more weapons than any other nation in the world.
From its independence in 1947, India fought four wars with Pakistan and one war with China.
Every year, 7 December is celebrated as Armed Forces Flag Day.
Na Hye-sok
Na Hye-sok (1896-1948) was a Korean independence activist and artist, poet, novelist, and feminist activist. She was a famous woman among early 20th century oil painters. Her nickname was Jeongwol.
The Indian Army is the part of the Indian Military which operates on land. It is the largest part of the Indian Military.
In 2010, Indian Army had 1,128,000 active personnel and 960,000 personnel. It is has a bigger number of troops than any other nation except China and the U.S.
Old City (Jerusalem)
The Old City (, "al-Balda al-Qadimah", , "Hin K'aghak", , "Ha'Ir Ha'Atiqah") of Jerusalem is the oldest part of the city located in Palestine. It is an area that is surrounded by walls. It contains some of the most important places for three major religions. These include the Church of the Holy Sepulchre for Christians, the Temple Mount for Jews, and the Dome of the Rock and al-Aqsa Mosque for Muslims. The Old City formed the whole city of Jerusalem until 1860, when a Jewish neighborhood was built outside the Western Wall.
The Old City is historically divided into four quarters, although the current quarters were introduced only in the 19th century. Today, the Old City is divided into the Muslim Quarter, the Christian Quarter, the Jewish Quarter and the Armenian Quarter. After the war in 1948, the Old City was occupied by Jordan and the Jewish people living in the city were forced to move out. During the Six Day War in 1967, Israel occupied the Old City and the rest of East Jerusalem. Today, Israel still controls the whole area, which it says is part of its national capital.
In 1980, Jordan asked UNESCO to make the Old City a World Heritage Site. It was added to the World Heritage list in 1981. Because of the conflict over the territory, it was added to the list of sites in danger in 1982. UNESCO policy is that East Jerusalem, including the Old City, is part of the occupied Palestinian territory.
Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary
Refining is the name for a number of processes that purify or concentrate a substance. The name is used for natural resources, food and technical products. The place where this is done, is often called a refinery.
Petroleum contains hydrocarbons. After distillation, it still contains chemical compounds with sulfur, oxygen and Nitrogen as well as other unwanted compounds, such as Alkalenes. Processed petroleum is used for lubricants; the substances mentione are unwanted in lubricants as they can speed up the aging process. For this reason, they are extracted using a process called hydrogenation. In hydrogenation, Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gases are produced. These gases require special handling, as they are very toxic.
Vegetable oils and fats are produced by chemical or mechanical extraction from plants. This produces a kind of oil that still has many unwanted substances, such as pigments and smell, which influence the quality of the refined product. In essence, the factors influenced are taste, shelf life, smell and color, as well as the ability to use the oil for further technical transformations. Depending on the process, between four and eight percent of usable vegetable oil is lost. There are two basic procedures to refine vegetable oil, chemical refining, and physical refining.
Sugar is washed, and treated with concentrated syrup. Its colored because most customers expect sugar to be white. The white sugar sold in shops in almost pure sucrose. It has an extent of 99,8 percent of its weight.
There are two basic processes to refine metals: Refining by fire, and refining by electrolysis. Higher grades of purity require both processes, lower grades use only the first process.
Salt that is gained through evaportation of seawater needs to be cleaned; this is done by dissloving it in brine and then forcing it to crystallize. After the process, it is no lnoger possible to distinguish it from the salt extracted from rocks, by a mining process. Depending on the country, table salt for common use as a food additive may have iodine added. Sometimes Potassium fluoride is added as well.
American cheese
American cheese (also called a cheese slice or processed cheese) is a kind of pasteurized processed cheese. Usually, it has a mild taste. Originally, it was white, and made by mixing other kinds of cheese, most often Cheddar cheese and Swiss.
It is no longer produced by mixing existing kinds of cheeses, but by using a number of ingredients. In many countries, including the US, processed cheese is licensed differently to "real" cheese. American cheese may therefore not be sold as "cheese", but as "processed cheese".
On the label, the word cheese is often left out, and the product is labeled "American slices", "slices" or similar. Since this kind of processed cheese is very common in the United States, it is often used to refer to all kinds of processed cheese. All the same, the term "American cheese" does have a legal definition in the American Code of Federal Regulations.
Fraser Island is the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the east coast of Queensland in Australia.
Fraser Island is long. It is the largest sand island in the world. It has large shifting sand dunes, and highly coloured sand cliffs. The World Heritage Site covers .
The island has a range of plants including patches of rainforest. There are also perched freshwater lakes. These are lakes that are not connected to the groundwater, but sit above them. Half of the perched lakes in the world are found on Fraser Island. The water in the lakes is very clear.
The endangered cooloola sedge frog lives on Fraser Island. Fraser Island is one of only three places where this frog lives.
Village Voice
The Village Voice is a free weekly newspaper and news and features website in New York City. It features investigative articles, analysis of current affairs and culture, arts and music coverage, and events listings for New York City. It is also distributed throughout the United States on a pay basis. It was the first of the big-city tabloids that came to be known as alternative weeklies.
The "Voice" was launched by Ed Fancher, Dan Wolf, and Norman Mailer on October 26, 1955 from a two-bedroom apartment in Greenwich Village. This was its initial coverage area. It expanded to other parts of the city by the 1960s. The offices in the 1960s were located at Sheridan Square. They are now at Cooper Square in Manhattan in the East Village.
Purnululu National Park
Purnululu National Park is an Australian national park in the north east of Western Australia. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The site covers and includes the Bungle Bungle Ranges. The ranges are made from Devonian era sandstone and have been eroded over 20 million years into shapes like towers and cones. The sandstone has horizontal stripes of orange coloured by iron oxide which dry out quickly, and dark strips where bacteria are growing in damp layers of stone. Other areas of the park include the sand plains which surround the Bungle Bungles; the Ord River valley, and limestone ridges.
Cinema of India
The cinema of India includes movies produced in India. It has been around since the early 20th century. Movies made in India are popular in the Middle East, South Asia, and Western countries like the United Kingdom and the United States as well as India. In 2010 India produced the most films, with Hollywood and China behind them. Bollywood (Hindi cinema) and Jollywood (Sanskrit cinema) are considered to be the national cinema of India.
Lord Howe Island Group
The Lord Howe Island Group is a group of 28 small islands and rocks about north east of Sydney. The islands are governed by New South Wales. The islands became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982.
The islands were formed by a volcano which erupted for a period of about 500,000 years during the Miocene era, about 7 million years ago. This volcano is about under the sea, and the islands are the tops of the volcano's peak. The main islands of the World Heritage Site are:
Lord Howe Island
Lord Howe Island is a small island about north east of Sydney. It is governed by New South Wales. About 70% of the island is part of the Lord Howe Island Group which became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982. The island was first discovered in 1788 by Lieutenant Henry Lidgbird Ball, who was captain of the HMS Supply. He was taking convicts from Sydney to start a new prison colony on Norfolk Island.
Islam in Iran
The Islamic conquest of Persia (637-651) led to the end of the Sassanid Empire and the eventual decline of the Zoroastrian religion in Persia. However, the achievements of the previous Persian civilizations were not lost, but were to a great extent absorbed by the new Islamic polity. Islam has been the official religion of Iran since then, except short duration after Mongol raid and establishment of Ilkhanate. Iran became an Islamic republic after the Islamic Revolution of 1979.
Before the Islamic conquest, the Persians had been mainly Zoroastrian, however, there were also large and thriving Christian and Jewish communities. Eastern Iran (what is now Afghanistan) was predominantly Buddhist. There was a slow but steady movement of the population toward Islam. When Islam was introduced to Iranians, the nobility and city-dwellers were the first to convert, Islam spread more slowly among the peasantry and the "dihqans", or landed gentry. By the late 11th century, the majority of Persians had become Muslim, at least nominally.
Though Iran is known today as a stronghold of the Shi'a Muslim faith, it did not become so until much later, around the 15th century. The Safavid dynasty made Shi'a Islam the official state religion in the early sixteenth century and aggressively proselytized on its behalf. It is also believed that by the mid-seventeenth century most people in Iran had become Shi'as, an affiliation that has continued. Over the following centuries, with the state-fostered rise of a Persian-based Shi'ite clergy, a synthesis was formed between Persian culture and Shi'ite Islam that marked each indelibly with the tincture of the other.
Nowadays Islam is the religion of 98% of Iranians, approximately 90% of Iranians are Shi'a and 8% are Sunni, mostly Turkomen, a minority of Arabs (mainly in Hormozgan Province), Baluchs, and Kurds living in the south, southeast, northeast and northwest. Almost all of Iranian Shi'as are Twelvers.
Jaú National Park
The Jaú National Park ('Parque Nacional do Jaú') is in the heart of the Amazon rainforest in the Amazonas state of Brazil.
It is the largest forest reserve in South America, covering an area over 6 million acres (23,000 km²). Entry into the park is restricted; express permission from the Brazilian government is required to enter the reserve.
The park is a good example of tropical rainforest conservation in the Amazon. Its forests, lakes and channels are a "constantly evolving aquatic mosaic that is home to the largest array of electric fish in the world". The site protects key threatened species, including giant arapaima fish, the Amazonian manatee, the black caiman and two species of river dolphin and the jaguar. There are many other species of animals and plants.
The park is in the lower reaches of the Rio Negro branch of the Amazon. This branch is black with the organic matter picked up by the river. It has white-sand beaches during the dry season and flooded forest during the wet season. The streams turn into a 'ria' lake in the wet season, flooding huge areas of land, typical of all large rivers in the Amazon region. The site contains the nine-tier waterfall of the Carabinani River.
The Rio Negro flows through the eastern edge of Brazil’s Jau National Park. The river is the big strip of blue running from left to right across the image, and the other blue ribbons are tributaries. It starts at the border of Venezuela and Brazil, and meets up with the Amazon in central Brazil. Half-submerged islands can be seen in the center of the river. Between November and April when the river is at its peak, many of these islands disappear.
There is a high diversity of vertebrates in the park, with 120 species of mammals, 411 birds, 15 reptiles and 320 fishes. The site is home to relics of past human occupation of the Amazon region.
List of World Heritage Sites in Ecuador
The List of World Heritage Sites in Ecuador is a group of places chosen by UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
UNESCO was created for the "conservation and protection of the world’s inheritance of books, works of art and monuments of history and science". The constitution of UNESCO was ratified in 1946 by 26 countries, not including Ecuador.
Ecuador agreed to take part in the World Heritage Convention on June 16, 1975.
As of 2012, there are 4 places in Ecuador which are on the World Heritage List.
There are 7 sites which are on a tentative list.
Batna Province
Batna is a province of Algeria. The capital is Batna. Other important towns are Barika, Merouana and Timgad. Belezma National Park is there.
Batna Province has 22 districts. There are also 61 Communes.
Béjaïa Province
Béjaïa is a province of Algeria. The capital city is Béjaïa. Gouraya National Park is there. The endangered primate, Barbary Macaque is found in the province's Gouraya National Park.
The province has 19 districts. There are 52 "communes" or municipalities.
Biskra Province
Biskra is a province of Algeria. The capital city is Biskra.
The province has 12 districts. There are 33 "communes" or municipalities.
Béchar Province
Béchar is a province in Algeria. It is named after its capital Béchar. A large part of the province has sand dune fields that no one can live in.
The province has 12 districts. There are 21 municipalities.
Blida Province
Blida is a province in Algeria. The capital is Blida. The Chréa National Park is here.
The provinces has 10 districts. There are also 25 municipalities.
Bouïra Province
Bouïra is a province in Algeria. The capital is also Bouïra.
The province has 12 districts. There are also 45 "communes" or municipalities.
Tamanghasset Province
Tamanrasset or Tamanghasset is the largest province in Algeria. It was named after its capital Tamanrasset. The Province has two National parks: Tassili n'Ajjer National Park and Ahaggar National Park. The province makes up almost a quarter of the country's area.
The province has 7 districts. There are also 10 "communes" or municipalities.
Tébessa Province
Tébessa is a province of Algeria. Tébessa is also the name of the capital. Another important city is El Ouenza. Tebessa is only 20 kilometers west from Tunisia border.
The province has 12 districts. There are also 28 "communes" or municipalities.
Tlemcen Province
Tlemcen is a province in northwestern Algeria. The Tlemcen National Park is there.
The province has 20 districts. There are also 53 "communes" or municipalities.
Patti Austin (born August 10, 1950) is an American R&B singer and songwriter. She was very popular in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Austin has had many hits on several music charts. Some sources mention Austin as being born in 1948 while others say that either 1949 or 1950 is her actual birth year.
Tiaret Province
Tiaret is a province of Algeria. The capital is Tiaret.
The province has 14 districts. There are also 42 "communes" or municipalities.
Tizi Ouzou Province
Tizi Ouzou is a province in Algeria. It is named after its capital.
The province has 21 districts. There are also 67 communes or municipalities.
Algiers Province
Algiers is a province in Algeria. It is named after the capital, Algiers, which is also the national capital. There are about 3 million people.
Algiers province has 13 districts and 57 "communes" or municipalities.
The districts, listed according to official numbering (from west to east), are:
Djelfa Province
Djelfa is a province of Algeria. The capital is Djelfa. There are over 1.2 million people. Important towns are Tadmit, El Khemis, and Selmana.
The province has 12 districts. There are also 36 "communes" or municipalities.
Jijel Province
Jijel is a province in Algeria. It is on the eastern Mediterranean coast. The capital is Jijel. Taza National Park is there.
The province has 11 districts and 28 "communes" or municipalities.
Lactarius torminosus
Lactarius torminosus, commonly known as the woolly milkcap or the bearded milkcap, is a mushroom in the genus "Lactarius". It is a common and widely distributed fungus, found in North Africa, northern Asia, Northern Europe, and North America. "L. torminosus" associates with various trees, most commonly birch, and the mushrooms grow on the ground singly or in groups in mixed forests. Although it is valued for its peppery flavor and eaten after suitable preparation in Russia and Finland, it is highly irritating to the digestive system when eaten raw. The toxins responsible for the acrid taste are destroyed by cooking.
The caps of "L. torminosus" mushrooms are convex with a central depression, and attain a diameter of up to . Its color is a blend of pink and ochre hues, sometimes with circular zones of darker shades. The edge of the cap is rolled inwards, and shaggy when young. On the underside of the caps are narrow flesh-colored gills crowded closely together. It is on these fertile gill surfaces that the spore-bearing cells, the basidia are found. The cylindrical stem is a pale flesh color with a downy surface, reaching a length of up to and a thickness of . When cut or injured, the fruit bodies ooze a white latex that does not change color upon exposure to air. The variety "normandensis", in contrast, has latex that changes from white to yellow.
Sétif Province
Sétif Province is a province in north-eastern Algeria. The capital and largest city is Sétif. Another large city is El Eulma. There is also the World Heritage Site of Djémila there.
The province has 20 districts. There are also 60 "communes" or municipalities.
Saïda Province
Saïda is a province of Algeria. It is named after its capital.
The province has 6 districts and 16 "communes" or municipalities.
Skikda Province
Skikda is a province of Algeria. It is on the Mediterranean coast.
The province has 13 districts and 38 "communes" or municipalities.
Sidi Bel Abbès Province
Sidi Bel Abbès is one of the provinces of Algeria. The name is from the city of Sidi Bel Abbès. It is in the northwestern part of the country.
The province has 15 districts and 52 "communes" or municipalities.
Annaba Province
Annaba is a small province in the north-eastern corner of Algeria. Its capital, Annaba is Algeria's main port for mineral exports.
The province has 6 districts and 12 municipalities.
Guelma Province
Guelma Province is a province in eastern Algeria. The name is from the largest city Guelma. There are 429.998 people who live here.
The province has 10 districts and 34 "communes" or municipalities.
Constantine Province
Constantine is one of the 48 provinces of Algeria. The capital is Constantine.
The province has 6 districts and 12 communes or municipalities.
Médéa Province
Médéa is a province of Algeria. The capital is Médéa.
The province has 19 districts and 64 "communes" or municipalities.
Mostaganem Province
Mostaganem is a province of Algeria. The capital is Mostaganem.
The province has 10 districts and 32 "communes" or municipalities.
M'Sila Province
M'Sila (also spelled Msila, M'sila or MSila) is a province of northern Algeria. It has 1 million people. The capital is also called M'sila. M'Sila is mostly known for its farming.
The province has 15 districts and 47 "communes" or municipalities.
Mascara Province
Mascara is a province in Algeria. There was an earthquake in the capital Mascara City on 18 August 1994. The name means "military garrison" in Arabic. Another important town is Sig.
The province has 16 districts and 47 "communes" or municipalities.
Ouargla Province
Ouargla or Warqla is a province in eastern Algeria. Its capital is Ouargla. Other important towns are Temacine, Touggourt, and Hassi Messaoud. It contains the Issaouane Erg desert.
The province has 10 districts and 21 "communes" or municipalities.
Oran Province
Oran is a province in Algeria. The capital is Oran. There are 1,584,607 people.
As of 1984, the province has 9 districts and 26 "communes" or municipalities.
El Bayadh Province
El Bayadh is a province in Algeria. It is named after its capital El Bayadh.
The province has 8 districts, and 22 "communes" or municipalities.
Illizi Province
Illizi is a province in the south-eastern corner of Algeria. It is named after its capital Illizi.
It borders Libya to the east.
The province has 3 districts and 6 "communes" or municipalities. The area has lots of natural gas.
Island of stability
The chemical elements beyond lead are radioactive, and they do not have stable isotopes. This means that they will decay into other elements. Except for Plutonium, their half life is in the order of several minutes, to seconds. There is a theory in physics that says that after a number of elements with short half lives, there will be others with longer half lives. These are generally known as Islands of stability. These elements are expected to have isotopes with half lives in the range of several minutes. The hypothesis is that the atomic nucleus is built up in "shells" in a manner similar to the structure of the much larger electron shells in atoms. In both cases, shells are just groups of quantum energy levels that are relatively close to each other. Energy levels from quantum states in two different shells will be separated by a relatively large energy gap. So when the number of neutrons and protons completely fills the energy levels of a given shell in the nucleus, the per nucleon will reach a local maximum and thus that particular configuration will have a longer lifetime than nearby isotopes that do not possess filled shells.
A filled shell would have "magic numbers" of neutrons and protons. One possible magic number of neutrons for spherical nuclei is 184, and some possible matching proton numbers are 114, 120 and 126 – which would mean that the most stable spherical isotopes would be flerovium-298, unbinilium-304 and unbihexium-310. Of particular note is Ubh-310, which would be "doubly magic" (both its proton number of 126 and neutron number of 184 are thought to be magic) and thus the most likely to have a very long half-life. (The next lighter doubly magic spherical nucleus is lead-208, the heaviest stable nucleus and most stable heavy metal.)
Recent research indicates that large nuclei are deformed, causing magic numbers to shift. Hassium-270 is now believed to be a doubly magic deformed nucleus, with deformed magic numbers 108 and 162. However, it has a half-life of only 3.6 seconds.
Isotopes have been produced with enough protons to plant them upon an island of stability but with too few neutrons to even place them upon the island's outer "shores". It is possible that these elements possess unusual chemical properties and, if they have isotopes with adequate lifespans, would be available for various practical applications (such as particle accelerator targets and as neutron sources as well).
Bordj Bou Arréridj Province
Bordj Bou Arréridj is a province in east Algeria. It is about 200 km away from the capital Algiers. The capital is Bordj Bou Arreridj.
Boumerdès Province
Boumerdès is a province of northern Algeria. The capital is the coastal city of Boumerdès.
The Province has 9 districts and 32 "communes" or municipalities.
El Tarf Province
El Taref is a province of Algeria. El Kala is a port town in this province. El Taref is the capital city. There is also El Kala National Park.
The province has 7 districts and 24 municipalities.
Tindouf Province
Tindouf, also written Tinduf, is the westernmost province of Algeria. There are 58,193 people. Tindouf has many resources including iron ore.
The province has one district, Tindouf. There are two towns: Tindouf and Oum El Assel.
Tissemsilt Province
Tissemsilt is a province of Algeria. The capital is Tissemsilt. Théniet El Haâd National Park is there.
The province has 8 districts and 22 "communes" or municipalities.
El Oued Province
El Oued is a Saharan province of Algeria. The capital is El Oued.
The province has 12 districts and 30 "communes" or municipalities.
Khenchela Province
Khenchela Province is a province of Algeria. The capital is Khenchela.
The province has 8 districts and 21 "communes" or municipalities.
Souk Ahras Province
Souk Ahras is a province in Algeria. The capital is Souk Ahras. It is on the border between Algeria and Tunisia.
The province has 10 districts and 26 "communes" or municipalities.
Tipasa Province
Tipaza or Tipasa is a province on the coast of Algeria. The capital is Tipasa. It is 50 km west of the capital of Algeria.
The province has 10 districts and 28 "communes" or municipalities.
Mila Province
Mila is a province of Algeria. The capital is Mila.
The province has 13 districts and 32 "communes" or municipalities.
Macquarie Island
Macquarie Island is a large island in the Southern Ocean. It is about south east of Tasmania, and about half way between Australia and Antarctica. The island became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992. Macquarie Island is about long and wide. It was first discovered in July 1810, by Captain Hasselburgh, who was searching for places to hunt whales and seals. No people live there now. The only way to get to the island is by sea and there are no harbors to dock a ship.
The island was formed by two tectonic plates meeting and forcing each other upwards. "It is the only place on Earth where rocks from the Earth's mantle, below the ocean floor, are being pushed up above sea level". Confirmation is in this reference under section "Criterion (viii)".
Many birds and animals use Macquarie Island to breed. About 3.5 million seabirds and 80,000 elephant seals come to the island every year. Four types of penguins live on the island. There are about 850,000 royal penguins, 200,000 king penguins, 10,000 gentoo penguins, and rockhopper penguins with numbers thought to be between 20,000 and 1,000,000.
In 1977 Macquarie Island became a Biosphere Reserve. The coastal ecosystem is recognized as part of UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme.
Aïn Defla Province
Aïn Defla is a province in northern Algeria. It is southwest of Algiers, the capital. Towns in Ain Delfa include Miliana, Hammam Righa, and Aïn Torki.
The province has 14 districts and 36 municipalities.
Naama Province
Naâma is a province of Algeria. The capital is the town of Naâma. There is an airport in Mécheria.
The province has 7 districts and 12 "communes" or municipalities.
Aïn Témouchent Province
Aïn Témouchent is a province in northwestern Algeria. The capital is Aïn Témouchent.
The province has 8 districts and 28 municipalities.
Matilde Camus (26 September 1919 – 28 April 2012) was a Spanish poet who also wrote non-fiction. She was born in Santander, Cantabria.
Ghardaïa Province
Ghardaïa is a province in eastern Algeria. The capital is Ghardaïa. The M'Zab Valley, located there, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The province has 9 districts and 13 "communes" or municipalities.
Camus could mean several things:
Relizane Province
Relizane is a province of Algeria. Relizane is the capital.
UTC+01:00
UTC+01:00 is the timezone for many places.
This time is used in:
Wāli
Wāli or vali is a title used during the Arab Empire and Ottoman Empire. It means governor. It is still used in some countries with Arabic culture.
In Algeria, a "wāli" is the "governor" of each of the 48 provinces. They are chosen by the president.
In Iran the governors are called Vāli.
In Turkey the head of the 81 provinces is called a wāli.
Shark Bay
Shark Bay is a large bay on the west coast of Western Australia. It is about north of Perth. In 1991, the bay, its islands, and the land around it were added to UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites.
Shark Bay has three important features to protect. It has the largest seagrass beds in the world. These are home to about 10% of the world's dugongs. And at one end of the bay are stromatolites, which are the oldest form of life on the Earth. The protected area covers .
The area protected by the World Heritage Site is made up of different areas. About 70% of the site is marine environment protected by national parks and reserves, and includes of coastline. About 20% was used for farming, but half of this area has been taken over by the government and is now conservation area. About 6% is in national parks and reserves.
People's Provincial Assembly
Numidia
Numidia (202 BC – 46 BC) was an ancient Berber kingdom. It was in modern-day Algeria and a smaller part of western Tunisia in North Africa. It was the first major state in the history of Algeria and the Berber world.
Rustamid
Zirid dynasty
The Zirid dynasty were a Berber group. They were from what is now modern Algeria. The capital was Kairouan.
The Hammadids came from this group.
Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites
Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites is the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Wiltshire, England.
Stonehenge and Avebury are groups of large stones called megaliths. Both sites are circles of stones which are placed in a pattern. In each, the placement of the stones and spaces between them may have astronomical meaning.
The creation of Stonehenge and Avebury dates from the Bronze Age.
Avebury is to the north of Stonehenge. It is Europe's largest prehistoric stone circle. It has about 100 megaliths.
Small sites of prehistoric stones are nearby, including Silbury Hill, Windmill Hill, West Kennet Long Barrow, and Overton Hill.
Hammadid dynasty
The Hammadids were a Berber group. It was in what is now north-eastern modern Algeria. It existed from about 1008 to 1152. They were destroyed by the Almohads.
The capital was first Qalaat Beni Hammad. It is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In 1090 the capital was changed to Béjaïa.
French colonial empire
The French colonial Empire was land controlled by the French from the 17th century to the late 1960s. In the 17th and 18th centuries France gained and lost large territories in North America and India. Like the other empires of the time, was powered by slaves captured from Africa. The Haitian Revolution, when many of these slaves in the colony of Saint Domingue fought and defeated the French, caused major changes in the empire.
Sometimes, people say there was a first and a second French colonial empire. The "first colonial empire" was from the French colonization of the Americas to the Napoleonic Wars. The "second colonial empire" is the French colonies in Africa.
From the 16th to the 17th centuries, the First French colonial empire stretched from a total area at its peak in 1680 to over 10,000,000 square kilometres (3,900,000 sq mi), the second largest empire in the world at the time behind only the Spanish Empire. In terms of land area, the Second French colonial empire extended to over 13,500,000 square kilometres (5,200,000 sq mi) at its peak in 1936, the second largest in the world at the time, which accounted for 10% of the world's land area. The total land area of the first and second French colonial empire combined reached 24,000,000 square kilometres (9,300,000 sq mi).
Algerian dinar
Central Atlas Tamazight
Central Atlas Tamazight is a Berber language. It is of the Afro-Asiatic language family. it is spoken by 3 to 5 million people in Central Morocco, and by smaller communities in France and elsewhere. It is an official language of Morocco.
Central Atlas Tamazight is one of the four most-spoken Berber languages. The other ones are Kabyle, Shilha, and Riff.
The was a silver mine in the city of Ōda, Shimane Prefecture. It was the largest silver mine in Japanese history. Iwami Ginzan was active for almost four hundred years. It was discovered in 1526 and closed in 1923.
Today the mine has become an open-air museum. It was named a World Heritage Site in 2007.
Kamiya Jutei, a Japanese merchant, started the mine in 1526. By the early 1600s the mine was producing approximately 38 tons of silver a year. That was one third of the world's production at that time.
Warlords fought over the mine until the Tokugawa Shogunate took control of it in 1600 after the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. Yamabuki Castle was built in the center of the complex. The mine produced less in the nineteenth century as it had trouble competing with other mines. It closed in 1923.
Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine was very important in East Asian trade because silver was the main currency. The silver mined at Iwami Ginzan was very high quality. From 17th century, coins made of the silver from the mine were not only one of the basic currencies in Japan but also used in the trade with China, Portugal and the Netherlands.
The Japanese Government named the mining town as a Special Preservation District for Groups of Historic Buildings in 1969. The government also applied for it to become a World Heritage Site. The application succeeded in July 2007, although the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOSMOS) did not find any "outstanding universal value" of the site.
Shrines and Temples of Nikkō
The site covers 103 buildings or structures and the natural area around them. Two Shinto shrines and one Buddhist temple are included in the site.
The area of Nikko has been a Shinto forest since pre-historic times. It has had Buddhist temples since the 9th century. Thousands of Japanese cedars were planted in the early 17th century
The shrines and temples of Nikkō are closely related to the history of the Tokugawa Shoguns.
In 1871, the Shinto areas and Buddhist areas were separated. Three sites were identified -- two Shinto shrine complexes and one Buddhist temple complex.
After the "Law on the Preservation of Shrines and Temples" in 1897, Nikkō was protected by the Japanese government.
Nikkō's shrines and temples were named a World Heritage Site in 1999.
In 2012, the World Heritage Site covers nine National Treasures of Japan and many "Important Cultural Properties".
Many gates and buildings at Nikkō have very detailed carvings. The use of color is based on records dating back to 1753. The very precise descriptions of the architectural structures
and the decorative works are used by experts who want to preserve history at Nikkō.
Wet Tropics of Queensland
The Wet Tropics of Queensland is a UNESCO World Heritage Site which is in a narrow strip along the east coast of Queensland, Australia. It starts just north of Townsville and continues to just south of Cooktown, a distance of about . This is an area of in 730 separate blocks of land which includes 41 national parks covering. About 80% of the site is tropical rainforest. It is interesting because it is very old forest, and is a living record of 415 million years of evolution, going back to Pangea and Gondwana. All of Australia's marsupials, and many of its other animals, evolved in tropical rainforests, and many of their closest surviving ancestors still live in the Wet Tropics of Queensland.
The Last Temptation of Christ is a 1988 American drama movie. It is based on the 1953 novel of the same name. Martin Scorsese directed the movie. It stars Willem Dafoe as Jesus, Harvey Keitel as Judas and Barbara Hershey as Mary Magdalene. This movie was highly controversial on multiple levels: certain countries went as far as banning it. Furthermore, certain video stores, such as Blockbuster, would not carry the movie or make it available for rental due to the controversy. This movie was released on August 12, 1988.
Flag of Andorra
The national flag of the Andorra was adopted in 1866. The flag is a vertical tricolour of blue, yellow, and red. The Coat of arms of Andorra is in the centre. The three vertical bars look of equal width but the centre yellow bar is slightly wider than the other two. The ratio of bar widths is 8:9:8.
The look of the flag is from the flags of France and Spain.
The motto in the coat of arms in the middle stripe "Virtus Unita Fortior" means "Strength United is Stronger".
Important Cultural Properties of Japan
Japan's government made a Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties a to protect its culture. It chooses important items and names them as Cultural Properties The law sets rules about changing, repairing, or exporting these items.
There is also , which sets a lower level of protection and support for Registered Cultural Properties than for Designated Cultural Properties.
There are different levels of designation. Designation can be at a , or level.
Designations of a different level can coexist. For example, Sankei-en, a traditional Japanese-style garden in Naka Ward, Yokohama, owns both city designated and nationally designated Important Cultural Properties.
Coat of arms of Andorra
El Gran Carlemany
"El Gran Carlemany" is the national anthem of Andorra. It means "The Great Charlemagne". Enric Marfany Bons wrote the song. Joan Benlloch i Vivó composed the music. It started to be used in 1921.
Andorran
Andorran may mean:
Joan Enric Vives Sicília
Archbishop Joan Enric Vives i Sicília (born 24 July 1949) is the current Bishop of Urgell and Co-Prince of Andorra.
Born in Barcelona, he became a priest in 1974. On 19 March 2010, he became an archbishop.
Nemesi Marqués Oste
Nemesi Marquès Oste (born 17 May 1935) is the personal representative to Andorra of the Bishop of Urgell. He is a Roman Catholic priest.
Saltaire is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the City of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. The site is a complete and well-preserved industrial village of the second half of the 19th century. It has textile mills, public buildings and workers' housing.
Construction of Saltaire was started in 1851 by Sir Titus Salt. The name of the village is a combination of the founder's last name and the name of the Aire River which runs through it.
Salt owned several textile mills Yorkshire. In 1853, he moved his businesses and his workers to Saltaire.
In time, the new village grew to over 800 dwellings.
In 1933, the village was sold the Bradford Property Trust. The mill closed down in 1986.
In 2001, Saltaire was named a World Heritage Site.
Christian Frémont
Christian Frémont (23 April 1942 - 3 August 2014) was the chief of staff of Nicolas Sarkozy. He was the French Representative to Andorra from 24 September 2008 to 15 May 2012.
Frémont died in Paris, France from cancer, aged 72.
Antoni Martí
Antoni Martí Petit (born November 10, 1963) is an Andorran architect and politician. He was the Prime Minister from 11 May 2011 to 16 May 2019.
Paréage
A Paréage is an agreement between two rulers who were equal. It was used in Medieval France. The most famous paréage was in 1278. It created Andorra.
Crown of Aragon
The Crown of Aragon was a joining of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon. In the 14th and 15th the land of Aragon covered most of present-day France and Spain. The political center was at Zaragoza.
List of countries by GDP (PPP)
This is a list of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP). GDP is the worth of all goods and services made in a country in a year. PPP is for purchasing power parity. Purchasing power parity means how much money would be needed to buy the same item in two different countries.
All figures are in current international dollars (Int$).
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha is a British Overseas Territory. It is in the South Atlantic Ocean and is made up of the island of Saint Helena, Ascension Island and the island group called Tristan da Cunha. In total, there are eight islands and the main is St Helena with a total area for the territory of .