AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
364||0
Erich Juskowiak
Erich Juskowiak (7 September 1926 - 1 July 1983) was a German football player. He played for West Germany national team.
276||42
Horst Eckel
Horst Eckel (born 8 February, 1932) is a former German football player. He played for West Germany national team.
206||56
Heinz Wewers
Heinz Wewers (27 July 1927 - 29 August 2008) was a German football player. He played for West Germany national team.
371||3
Georg Stollenwerk
Georg Stollenwerk (19 December, 1930 – 1 May 2014) was a former German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.
Helmut Rahn
Helmut Rahn (16 August 1929 – 14 August 2003) was a German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.
249||106
!Total||40||21
Fritz Walter
Fritz Walter (31 October 1920 – 17 June 2002) was a German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.
364||357
!Total||61||33
Aki Schmidt
Aki Schmidt (5 September, 1935 – 11 November, 2016) was a German football player. He played for West Germany national team.
163||37
!Total||25||8
Bernhard Klodt
Bernhard Klodt (born 26 October, 1926) is a former German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.
334||129
!Total||19||3
Hans Cieslarczyk
Hans Cieslarczyk (3 May 1937 – 10 June 2020) was a German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.
Cieslarczyk died on 10 June 2020, aged 83.
108||29
!Total||7||3
Alfred Kelbassa
Alfred Kelbassa (born 21 April, 1925) is a former German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.
Rudi Hoffmann (born 11 February, 1935) is a former German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.
Wolfgang Peters (8 January 1929 - 22 September 2003) was a German football player. He played for West Germany national team.
Hermann Nuber
Hermann Nuber (born 10 October 1935) is a former German football player.
Heinz Kwiatkowski
Heinz Kwiatkowski (16 July, 1926 – 23 May, 2008) was a German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.
73||0
The Mask: The Animated Series
The Mask: The Animated Series is a television animated series based on the comic book superhero, The Mask, but with most of its inspiration from the 1994 movie adaptation. The show ran for three seasons, from 1995 to 1997, and spawned its own short-run comic book series, "Adventures of The Mask".
Tina Carlyle (Cameron Diaz's character in the movie) was absent, but reporter Peggy Brandt had become the main female character. Unlike in the movie, Ipkiss was able to use the mask in daytime as well as at night.
Much as with the "Beetlejuice" cartoon before it, The Mask TAS took many elements from the source movie but dropped characters and changed certain other characters. Peggy's inclusion also officially discounts the cut scene in the movie where she is killed. Tina is never even alluded to. However, the events of the movie are alluded to, as Charlie knew that Stanley was the Mask (though did not know Stanley kept it), and Stanley was still upset over Peggy selling him out to the mob (given that Stanley and Peggy were never treated as a potential couple, there may have remained some bad feelings over that though The Mask himself sometimes tries to woo her). A gypsy at one point claims that the Mask is the most powerful artifact in the world when she remarks "The most powerful artifact in the world and this idiot keeps it with his laundry".
The cartoon, despite having a "realistic" setting in the fictional town of Edge City, would often rely more on Tex Avery-style humor and on occasion, broke any meaningful laws of reality - one episode featured the Goofalotatots, parodies of the Animaniacs, treating them as if they were naturally alive. Another featured the Mask becoming a personal assistant to the President of the US, with the job merely handed to him (the president was a caricature of no real president - it should also be noted that former Mask comic writer John Arcudi wrote both example episodes, a stark departure from his usual writing). Police officers were portrayed as idiots who could not see even obvious clues.
Also continued from the movie was the consistent visiting by The Mask of the Coco Bongo - a fictional, glamorous night club frequented by the Edge City well-to-do, which was most likely based on the Copacabana in New York City. In the episode "A Comedy of Eras", in which Dr. Chronos manipulates time so that the future Edge City becomes a corrupted, "Nineteen Eighty-Four"-like dictatorial society ruled by the villainess, features a Coco Bongo which has been destroyed - a development that horrifies and enrages The Mask and provides him with the motivation to ultimately defeat Dr. Chronos.
The main villain, Dr. Pretorius (voiced by Tim Curry), was a madman who had his own head removed from his body and placed on tiny, spider-like robotic legs, which could attach to a larger android body. His plans always revolved around either obtaining or controlling the Mask (Pretorius is one of the few characters in the series aware of The Mask's true identity), or as part of some increasingly insane "science experiments" which, if carried out, would result in the death of thousands or even the end of mankind. He mostly pronounces Ipkiss' last name as "Ipp-kiss". Pretorius was also likely a parody of drug dealer/mob boss Eugene Rapaz from the original comics (both share the same face. Rapaz wore small, rounded-lens dark glasses and Pretorius had round optic implants that looked similar, as well).
In the episode, "Sister Mask", Dr. Pretorius did eventually gain the mask, and as with Tyrell, retained his own personality while wearing it (While the mask is said to release one's own inhibitions, those who have no inhibitions seem to retain full conscious control while wearing the Mask, such as the Joker in the DC crossover).
Coming from the comics was Walter, Pretorius's goon, still silent and indestructible but not as murderous and cruel. Walter chased the Mask for several episodes, but when he obtained the wooden mask and it failed to work for him, he simply dropped it. Walter remained a recurring character throughout the series. He is strong enough to actually break the Mask in two (an impressive feat as only seconds before the Mask withstood being hit by cars and run over by a steamroller without a scratch).
Ben Stein reprised his role as Dr. Neuman, from the movie. In one episode, the mask falls into Neuman's hands, and he becomes a super-villain. Dr. Neuman rampaged throughout the city, claming everyone suffered from a disease he called"Ipkissiamascosus". He was determined to kill Stanley and even goes as far as to spring Pretorius from prison to aid him (a running gag, however, was that Dr. Neuman refused to believe the mask worked, even when he had it on).
A third villain who made it to the TV series for a few times was the mad Dr. Amelia Chronos, who, with her ambitions of gaining power and dominance through the manipulation of time, often caused quite a lot of chaos through inventions like a machine that kept looping time every half hour for everyone but herself (so that even the Mask could never foil her plans, since by the time he got to her, everything would be reset to a half hour prior), a gun that reversed/fast forwarded time for whoever it was aimed at (so that the person would keep getting younger and younger until he/she became nothing, or became older and older until he/she was dead), a large time portal through which she could summon anything to defeat the Mask (such as prehistoric creatures, robots from the future, etc.) though none of them worked and an actual time machine through which she could travel into the past or future to manipulate events so that she would ultimately be victorious in her quest for world dominance.
For villains as for the Mask's transformation, there was often DC Comics parodies, as Supermask and Super Salad Man (a parody of Superman). Some Marvel references were made too, like The Mask becoming Biclops (a parody of Cyclops), Spiderhyny (alias Spiderman), Green Surfer (alias Silver Surfer) and Toolverine (a parody of Wolverine), and a villain that turned into a dinosaur like Sauron. Notable were Skillit (parody of Mr. Mxyzptlk and Peter Pan, albeit much more malevolent in nature) and Putty Thing (parody of the version of Clayface, portrayed as a dumb teenager rather than an angry, jaded actor).
The Mask also had a few more villainous enemies in his rogues gallery such as:
Stanley Ipkiss is the owner and wearer of The Mask, but there have been others who have worn the Mask (either accidentally or intenionally). Some episodes focus on this aspect; someone gets his/hers hands (or face) on the Mask and Stanley usually tries get it back with difficulty. The other wearers are:
1 & 2. The Mask Is Always Greener on the Other Side (Parts 1 & 2): After causing him nothing but trouble, Stanley Ipkiss gets rid of his mask by burying it in quick-drying cement, but must retrieve it to save Peggy and Milo after Pretorius tricks Stanley's friend and coworker, Charlie, into building a "house of tomorrow" and kidnaps them.<br>
3. The Terrible Twos: When Kellaway tries to prove that Stanley is the Mask by handcuffing the two together, Stanley must go to elaborate lengths to get away from the detective when two mutants Putty Thing and Fish Guy (formerly two teenage slackers named Dak and Eddie who irradiated themselves so they can become superheroes) go on the rampage.<br>
4. Baby's Wild Ride: A baby-sitting job turns difficult when the infant acquires the Mask and joins a biker gang with their chief Lonnie The Shark (who is posing as children's show host Barnaby the Dinosaur).<br>
5. Shadow of a Skillit: The youth-stealing Skillit has come to Edge City to steal the souls of Charlie, Peggy, and Milo, and only the Mask can stop him.<br>
6. Sister Mask: Pretorius creates a sister Mask that turns the real Mask into a living puppet in order to use him to steal meteorite fragments with unusual properties.<br>
7. Bride of Pretorius: Stanley dates a shy, quiet girl who works at her bank—and becomes a loud, man-hungry woman when she stumbles upon The Mask. Meanwhile, Pretorious looks for a female companion.<br>
8. Double Reverse: A reverse therapy treatment helps Stanley deprive the Mask of its power by acting like the Mask in his normal state, but when a criminal called Kablamus, capable of exploding and surviving, arrives in the city, Stanley must get the powerless Mask to work once again.<br>
9. Shrink Rap: Stanley rids himself of the mask by giving it to his therapist, Dr. Neuman, who puts it on and starts going on a rampage and joins up with Pretorius, who's planning to nuke the city so he can use the flash of the explosion to photograph an alien race's planet.<br>
10. Martian Mask: FBI agents mistakenly believe The Mask is actually an alien bent on world domination and do everything to capture him, whilst Putty Thing and Fish Guy go on a road trip.<br>
11. Mayor Mask: Frustrated by Edge City's mismanagement, Stanley puts on the Mask hoping he will teach Mayor Tilton a lesson. Instead, The Mask announces his candidacy against Mayor Tilton as the new mayor of Edge City. Though Stanley naturally objects, he is then forced to make sure his alter ego wins the election when he discovers the real Mayor Tilton was captured and that Dr. Pretorius is masquerading as him so he can turn all of Edge City into subjects for toxic waste experiments.<br>
12. How Much Is That Dog in the Tin Can?: Milo puts on The Mask to battle an insane dogcatcher capturing dogs for a (somewhat) sinister purpose. Meanwhile, Walter starts stalking Stanley.<br>
13. All Hallow's Eve: On Halloween night, Skillit escapes from reform school, determined to get revenge on the Mask for making him do homework.<br>
14. Santa Mask: All the villains in Edge City begin disguising themselves as Santa Claus and committing crimes. The Mask must save Christmas by proving Santa's innocence.<br>
15. Split Personality: The Mask breaks in half, resulting in both Stanley and the Mask existing at the same time; unfortunately, with Walter after the Mask and an old high school acquaintance of Stanley's after revenge on Stanley for getting him expelled, the two personalities must work together to piece the mask together.
16. A Comedy of Eras: The Mask battles a mad female scientist named Chronos who sends The Mask to the future and to the era of the Salem Witch Trials.<br>
17. Goin' for the Green: After being humiliated by the Mask during an unveiling of his latest statue, Mayor Tilton recruits Colonel Beauregard Klaxon, a Southern businessman to create The Edge City Games as a distraction from The Mask's antics, but Colonel Klaxon uses this opportunity to store nuclear waste underneath the stadium where the Edge Games are played.<br>
18. Flight as a Feather: Hours before a Swedish karaoke contest at the Coco Bongo, The Mask loses his lucky fedora feather and races through Edge City to get it—all the while trying to avoid Kellaway and Doyle and a string of eccentric characters, including Mayor Tilton's vengeful ex-girlfriend, a performance artist, an eagle, and Pretorious's goon, Walter.<br>
19. The Good, the Bad and the Fish Guy: Putty Thing and Fish Guy return, but with Fish Guy having acquired the Mask, Stanley must convince Putty Thing to work with him before the whole city is destroyed.<br>
20. Malled: When Lonnie the Shark and his men rob a bank at the mega-mall with Stanley caught in the crossfire, Milo must bring the Mask to Stanley.<br>
21. Channel Surfin': The Mask ends up shifting through various television channels after being trapped inside the TV by a supervillain named Channel Surfer.<br>
22. Mask au Gratin: Stanley is hired to show Mrs. Peenman's niece around Edge City during her visit there—and discovers that Mrs. Peenman's niece has an old amulet which transforms her by the moonlight turning into a monster named Gorgonzola who turns anything and everything into cheese.<br>
23. Jurassic Mask: A machine at the Edge City Museum brings to life three dinosaurs who wreak havoc on the city.<br>
24. You Oughta Be in Pictures: Sly Eastenegger, a famous action movie star, and his director choose Edge City to movie his latest movie, and challenges The Mask into a competition over who will be the next action movie star. Meanwhile, Peggy discovers a nuclear bomb stolen from the U.S. government that Eastenegger is plotting to use in his latest movie.<br>
25. For All Mask-Kind: Stanley is chosen to be the first average man to be sent into space—and The Mask comes along for the ride.<br>
26. Up the Creek: After The Mask steals The Eiffel Tower and Mrs. Peenman uses the apartment as a tourist attraction, Stanley's friend and co-worker, Charlie, invites him to a river rafting trip, where the two become the unwilling grooms to two hillbilly brides.<br>
27. Boogie with the Man: Stanley wishes he was as lucky as The Mask, and meets The Devil (disguised as a man named Bob), who gives Stanley his lucky break—in exchange for his soul.<br>
28. What Goes Around Comes Around: Chronos from "A Comedy of Eras" returns and puts Stanley (and the Mask) in a time loop where Stanley—and the Mask—are doomed to repeat the same half-hour.<br>
29. All Hail the Mask: During a trip to a Pacific island, the Mask encounters a tribe who worship him as a god—and plot to sacrifice him (Stanley Ipkiss) after loosing the mask by a spell the witch doctor casts on him.<br>
30. Power of Suggestion: Stanley gets hypnotized by a magician during Edge City's Fluff Ball, but Kablamus crashes the party just before the hypnotist can reverse the spell, giving Kablamus the perfect opportunity to use Stanley (and the Mask) as his personal slave during the Fluff Parade to get back at Mayor Tilton for not choosing him as the grand marshall.<br>
31. Mr. Mask Goes to Washington: The Mask becomes a Presidential bodyguard after saving The President from getting crushed by a falling chunk of building.<br>
32. Rain of Terror: A disrespected weatherman becomes a supervillain named The Tempest, who attacks the city with the elements—and interrupts the Mask's night out.<br>
33. The Mother of All Hoods: After being humiliated by The Mask on a police reality show, Lieutenant Kellaway tries to prove to the Edge City police force (and his visiting mother) that he is a competent police detective by going on a stakeout to uncover plans to have Mayor Tilton kidnapped.<br>
34. To Bee or Not to Bee: A beekeeper gets transformed into a half-bee/half-human creature who hypnotizes the town into working in his beehive.<br>
35. Love Potion No. 8 ½: Stanley buys a love potion from a gypsy (who wants the Mask after learning that it was a part of her family's magic) and accidentally spills it on his curmudgeonly landlady, Mrs. Peenman—resulting in Stanley (and the Mask) falling in love with her.<br>
36. Cool Hand Mask: The Mask is framed by Pretorious for stealing fund raising money from a Little League team and gets sent to prison. With The Mask incarcerated, Pretorious finally puts his evil plans to rule Edge City to use.<br>
37. Broadway Malady: Andrew Bedwetter, a famous Broadway musical director, creates a musical based on the "Mad Monkey" line of action movies, enraging The Mask. Ipkiss reducing the show's budget and the Mask making a crash appearance at the opening night (which proves to be a success) drives the director to insanity, who uses past enemies of The Mask as stars and goes on a rampage on a giant animatronic monkey.<br>
38. Enquiring Masks Want to Know: Skillit unleashes his "toys" (a gang of mythical creatures) on Edge City, and Peggy Brandt (Stanley's tabloid-writing friend) sees this as an opportunity to further her career.<br>
39. Future Mask: The Mask travels into the future to find the robot who ripped his pants, but soon becomes involved in a war between a megalomaniacal future mayor and a team of rebels over the Mask.<br>
40. Sealed Fate: Stanley is forced to sell Tupperware to pay off a bill (run up by his alter ego, The Mask), but Peggy learns that the company producing the Tupperware is bringing the disgusting leftovers to life.<br>
41. (The Angels Wanna Wear My) Green Mask: Lieutenant Kellaway and The Mask die in an explosion caused by a bomb made by The Phony Frenchman (who first appeared in "Up The Creek") and now face a counsel of angels who go over past events to see which one of them will get into Heaven. But when Kellaway unmasked The Mask and reveals once and for all that The Mask is Stanley Ipkiss, the angel counsel also has reveals a horrible secret about themselves as well.<br>
42. Mutiny of the Bounty Hunters: Stanley is once again called upon to babysit his neighbor's baby boy, who runs away in pursuit of the neighbor's pet bird. Meanwhile, Pretorious hires two bounty hunters to help him capture The Mask.<br>
43. Convention of Evil: In this clip show episode, villains from several past episodes (Pretorious, Gorgonzola from "Mask Au Gratin", Lonnie the Shark and his biker gang, "Bob" from "Boogie With The Man", The Tempest, and The Stinger from "To Bee or Not To Bee") hold a convention and discuss the many times The Mask has thwarted their heinous plans.<br>
44. The Green Marine: The Mask is put on trial for his unorthodox actions while serving in the Marines.<br>
45. Counterfeit Mask: Stanley is accused of counterfeiting money after picking up a strange woman's luggage at the airport. Meanwhile, Peggy wears The Mask and fulfills her dream of being glamorous.
46. Magic: Stanley reunites with his high school crush, Davida Steelmine, who is now working as a magician who uses her powers for criminal activity.<br>
47. Little Big Mask: The Mask creates an anti-aging cream, which makes him (and Stanley) younger by the minute.<br>
48. Fantashtick Voyage: A computer virus infects Milo and Stanley thinks The Mask did it.<br>
49. They Came from Within: The Mask gets sucked into a comic book world, where the characters mistake Lieutenant Kellaway for their archenemy.<br>
50. To Have and Have Snot: Pretorious uses Peggy's phlegm from her cold to create a giant mucus monster that infects the people of Edge City. Unfortunately, Stanley learns that having a cold while wearing the Mask has unpredictable (and ultimately fatal) consequences.<br>
51. Mystery Cruise: Stanley and all of his friends (and enemies) are tricked into boarding a cruise by The Mask in order to celebrate The Mask's birthday. Unfortunately, Pretorius plans to use the ship to test his latest weapon.<br>
52. The Goofalotatots: Stanley meets his favorite cartoon characters, The Goofalotatots (a parody of the Warner Brothers and the Warner Sister from Animaniacs), but discovers that they're evil robot duplicates built by Pretorious.<br>
53. When Pigs Ruled the Earth: Peggy and The Mask get sent to a future where pigs rule over man.<br>
54. The Aceman Cometh: Stanley's dog, Milo, is kidnapped by Pretorious and Stanley summons the help of Ace Ventura, Pet Detective (from the movie and animated series of the same name) to find him.
Six VHS volumes of the series were gradually released from 1995 to 1996, all of which are now out of print.
Upon the initial DVD release of "Son of the Mask", Wal-Mart stores sold an exclusive 2-pack of the movie with two episodes of the animated series. As of 2009, this is the only DVD release of the series and no plans for a full release have been announced.
Fritz Laband
Fritz Laband (1 November 1925 in Hindenburg O.S. - 3 January 1982 in Hamburg) was a German football player. He played for the West German national team.
Werner Kohlmeyer
Werner Kohlmeyer (born 19 April, 1924) is a former German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.
152||17
!Total||22||0
Hans Bauer
Hans Bauer (born 28 July, 1927) is a former German football player. He has played for the West German national team.
259||12
Josef Posipal
Josef Posipal (20 June 1927 - 21 February 1997) was a German football player. He played for West Germany national team.
272||18
Karl Mai
Karl Mai (born 27 July, 1927 and died 15 March, 1993) was a former German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.
263||24
Paul Mebus
Paul Mebus (9 June 1920 - 12 December 1993) was a German football player. He played for West Germany national team.
86||1
Werner Liebrich
Werner Liebrich (18 January 1927 - 20 March 1995) was a German football player. He played for West Germany national team.
230||24
Karl-Heinz Metzner
Karl-Heinz Metzner (9 January 1923 - 25 October 1994) was a German football player. He played for West Germany national team.
337||51
Max Morlock
Max Morlock (11 May 1925 - 10 September 1994) was a German football player. He played for the West German national team.
85||33
!Total||26||21
Ottmar Walter
Ottmar Walter (3 March, 1924 – 16 June, 2013) was a German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.
During World War II, Walter was drafted into the Kriegsmarine and suffered heavy injuries in his right knee. After several operations, he was forced to end his career in 1958.
He died 16 June 2013 in Kaiserslautern, Germany from Alzheimer's disease. He was 89 years old.
174||128
!Total||21||10
Richard Herrmann
Richard Herrmann (28 January 1923 - 27 July 1962) was a German football player. He played for the West Germany national team.
319||100
!Total||8||1
Ulrich Biesinger
Ulrich Biesinger (born 6 August 1933 — 16 June 2011) was a German football player. He played for the West German national team that won the 1954 FIFA World Cup. He played seven matches for West Germany and scored two goals.
236||134
Alfred Pfaff
Alfred Pfaff (born 16 July, 1926) is a former German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.
301||103
Heinz Kubsch
Heinz Kubsch (20 July 1930 - 24 October 1993) was a German football player. He played for West Germany national team.
344||0
Lee McKenzie
Lee McKenzie (born 1 December 1977 in Ayr, Scotland) is a sports television reporter who currently reports from the pit lane in the BBCs coverage of Formula 1 races. She has also presented on Sky Sports.
McKenzie is the daughter of Bob McKenzie, a fellow sport and motorsport journalist. She has been a reporter since she was 15. Lee has worked mostly in motorsport and rugby.
A Man-in-the-middle attack is a form of attack on cryptography or communication systems where two parties who want to talk to each other pass their messages through a third. In the attack, the third party can read the messages, change their contents, withhold or insert new messages.
In the attack, the messages received by either end seem to be legitimate and from the correct source.
In cryptography, this is often a problem with key distribution, and gave rise to public key cryptography.
Wahlenbergia
Jervis Bay Territory
Loga (department)
Noble savage
The noble savage is an old term.
"Savage" is a new term.
The term "noble savage" is an idea people had: Without civilization, humans are essentially good; it is civilization that makes them act in bad ways. The idea started in the 17th century and developed in the 18th century. One of the first to express it was Shaftesbury. He told the would-be author “to search for that simplicity of manners, and innocence of behaviour, which has been often known among mere savages; ere they were corrupted by our commerce” ("Advice to an Author", Part III.iii). His counter to the doctrine of original sin, born amid the optimistic atmosphere of Renaissance humanism, was taken up by another author who lived at the same time, the essayist Richard Steele, who attributed the corruption of contemporary manners to false education.
In the eighteenth-century cult of "Primitivism" the noble savage, uncorrupted by the influences of civilization, was considered more worthy, more authentically noble than the contemporary product of civilized training. Although the phrase "noble savage" first appeared in Dryden's "The Conquest of Granada" (1672), the idealized picture of "nature's gentleman" was an aspect of eighteenth-century sentimentalism, among other forces at work.
During the seventeenth century, as an aspect of Romantic "Primitivism", the figure of the "Good Savage" was held up as a reproach to European civilization, then in the throes of savage wars of religion. People were especially horrified by the Massacre of Saint Bartholomew (1572), in which some 20,000 men, women, and children were massacred, chiefly in Paris, but also throughout France, in a three-day period. This led Montaigne to write his famous essay "Of Cannibals" (1587), in which he stated that although cannibals ceremoniously eat each other, Europeans behave even more barbarously and burn each other alive for disagreeing about religion. The treatment of indigenous peoples by the Spanish Conquistadors also produced a great deal of bad conscience and recriminations. Bartolomé de las Casas, who witnessed it, may have been the first to idealize the simple life of the indigenous Americans. He and other observers praised the simple manners of the indigenous Americans and reported that they were incapable of lying. European guilt over colonialism, with its use of recently invented guns on people who did not have them inspired fictional treatments such as Aphra Behn's novel "Oroonoko, or the Royal Slave", about a slave revolt in Surinam in the West Indies. Behn's story was not primarily a protest against slavery but was written for money; and it met readers' expectations by following the conventions of the European romance novella. The leader of the revolt, Oroonoko, is truly noble in that he is a hereditary African prince, and he laments his lost African homeland in the traditional terms of a Golden Age. He is not a savage but dresses and behaves like a European aristocrat. Behn's story was adapted for the stage by Irish playwright Thomas Southerne, who stressed its sentimental aspects, and as time went on it came to be seen as addressing the issues of slavery and colonialism, remaining very popular throughout the Eighteenth Century.
In English, the phrase "Noble Savage" first appeared in Dryden's play, "The Conquest of Granada" (1672): "I am as free as nature first made man, / Ere the base laws of servitude began, / When wild in woods the noble savage ran." However, the term "Noble Savage" only began to be widely used in the last half of the nineteenth century and then as a term of disparagement. In French the term had been the "Good Savage" (or good "Wild man"), and, in French (and even in eighteenth-century English), the word "savage" did not necessarily have the connotations of cruelty we now associate with it, but meant "wild" as in a wild flower.
The idealized picture of "Nature's Gentleman" was an aspect of eighteenth-century sentimentalism, along with other stock figures such as, the Virtuous Milkmaid, the Servant-More-Clever-than-the-Master (such as Sancho Panza and Figaro, among countless others), and the general theme of virtue in the lowly born. Nature's Gentleman, whether European-born or exotic, takes his place among these tropes, along with the Wise Egyptian, Persian, and Chinaman. He had always existed, from the time of the epic of Gilgamesh, where he appears as Enkiddu, the wild-but-good man who lives with animals; and the untutored-but-noble medieval knight, Parsifal. Even the Biblical David the shepherd boy, falls into this category. Indeed, that virtue and lowly birth can coexist is a time-honored tenet of Abrahamic religion, most conspicuously so in the case of the Founder of the Christian religion. Likewise, the idea that withdrawal from society—and specifically from cities—is associated with virtue, is originally a religious one.
"Hayy ibn Yaqdhan" an Islamic philosophical tale (or thought experiment) by Ibn Tufail from twelfth-century Andalusia, straddles the divide between the religious and the secular. The tale is of interest because it was known to the New England Puritan divine, Cotton Mather. Translated in to English (from Latin) in 1686 and 1708, it tells the story of Hayy, a wild child, raised by a gazelle, without human contact, on a deserted island in the Indian Ocean. Purely through the use of his reason, Hayy goes through all the gradations of knowledge before emerging into human society, where he revealed to be a believer of Natural religion, which Cotton Mather, as a Christian Divine, identified with Primitive Christianity. The figure of Hayy is both a Natural man and a Wise Persian, but not a Noble Savage.
The "locus classicus" of the eighteenth century portrayal of the American Indian is that of Alexander Pope, unquestionably the most famous and widely-translated poet of his day. In his philosophical poem, "Essay on Man" (1734), Pope wrote:
Lo, the poor Indian! whose untutor'd mind /
Sees God in clouds, or hears him in the wind; /
His soul proud Science never taught to stray /
Far as the solar walk or milky way; /
Yet simple Nature to his hope has giv'n, /
Behind the cloud-topp'd hill, a humbler heav'n; /
Some safer world in depth of woods embrac'd, /
Some happier island in the wat'ry waste, /
Where slaves once more their native land behold, /
No fiends torment, no Christians thirst for gold! /
To be, contents his natural desire; /
He asks no angel's wing, no seraph's fire: /
But thinks, admitted to that equal sky, /
His faithful dog shall bear him company.
Pope's poem expresses the typical Age of Reason belief that men are everywhere and in all times the same, which was also Christian doctrine (Pope was a Catholic). He portrays his Indian as a victim ("the poor Indian"), who, although less learned and with less aspirations than his European counterpart, is as good or better and hence equally worthy of salvation. He is a "bon sauvage", but not a noble one.
In the first century CE, all of these qualities had been attributed by Tacitus to the German barbarians in his "Germania", in which he contrasted them repeatedly with the softened, Romanized, corrupted Gauls, by inference criticizing his own Roman culture for getting away from its roots—which was the perennial function of such comparisons. The Germans did not inhabit a "Golden Age" of ease, but were tough and inured to hardship, qualities which Tacitus saw as preferable to the "softness" of civilized life. In antiquity this form of "hard Primitivism", whether viewed as desirable or seen as something to escape, co-existed in rhetorical opposition to the "soft Primitivism" of visions of a lost Golden Age of ease and plenty.
The legendary toughness and martial valor of the Spartans were also admired throughout the ages by hard Primitivists; and in the Eighteenth Century a Scottish writer described Highland countrymen this way:
They greatly excel the Lowlanders in all the exercises that require agility; they are incredibly abstemious, and patient of hunger and fatigue; so steeled against the weather, that in traveling, even when the ground is covered with snow, they never look for a house, or any other shelter but their plaid, in which they wrap themselves up, and go to sleep under the cope of heaven. Such people, in quality of soldiers, must be invincible . . .
Cheshunt railway station
Cheshunt railway station serves the town of Cheshunt in Hertfordshire, England. It is on the West Anglia Main Line, and train services are provided by Abellio Greater Anglia and London Overground.
Former operator National Express East Anglia has fulfilled a franchise commitment to extend the bay platform at Cheshunt to accommodate 8-coach trains (previously it could only accommodate up to 6 coaches). The works also involved replacing all existing station buildings, and replacing the station footbridge. Construction started in December 2005 and was largely complete by August 2006.
In the 2012 Summer Olympics, Cheshunt station (along with Waltham Cross, the next southbound station) will serve as the main access point for the Broxbourne whitewater canoe and kayak slalom.
Theobalds Grove railway station
Turkey Street railway station
Turkey Street railway station is in the Bullsmoor area of Enfield in the London Borough of Enfield, North London.
The station is in Travelcard Zone 6 and is served by Lea Valley Lines services. The station is operated by London Overground as are all trains serving it.
Southbury railway station
Southbury railway station is in the London Borough of Enfield in North London, and is in Travelcard Zone 5, on the Seven Sisters branch of the Lea Valley Lines. The station, and all trains serving it, is operated by London Overground.
The station is situated close to Middlesex University's Enfield campus at .
The typical off-peak service is two trains per hour to Cheshunt, and two trains per hour to London Liverpool Street.
Blackhorse Road station
Blackhorse Road station is a London Overground and London Underground station in Walthamstow, London, England.
The station is on the Victoria Line and the London Overground Gospel Oak to Barking Line, in Travelcard Zone 3. It is the least used station on the Victoria Line with 6.179 million passengers per year.
Walthamstow Central station
Walthamstow Central is a London Underground Victoria Line station and a commuter railway station on the Chingford branch of the Lea Valley Lines, operated by London Overground.
The typical off-peak service provided by London Overground is:
Brixton tube station
Brixton tube station, a station on the London Underground opened on 23 July 1971, is the southern terminus of the Victoria Line.
Brixton used to be the most Southern stop of the Northern line until 1996 when it switched to the Victoria line.
Stockwell tube station
Stockwell tube station is a London Underground station in Stockwell, in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is situated between Clapham North and Oval on the Northern line, and between Vauxhall and Brixton on the Victoria Line. It is also the only station on the Morden branch of the Northern line which has an interchange with another Underground line. It is in Travelcard Zone 2.
Stockwell station is served by bus routes: 2, 50, 88, 155, 196, 333, 345, P5, N2 and N155.
London Transport Museum Photographic Archive:
Vauxhall station
Vauxhall station is an important railway station in the London district of Vauxhall. It is a National Rail, London Underground and London Buses interchange station. Its position is at the Vauxhall Cross road junction, opposite the southern approach to Vauxhall Bridge. The station is on the boundary of zones 1 and 2 of the London Travelcard area.
The bus station is at ground level across the road from the rail station. It is the second busiest London bus station, after that at Victoria. It has a photovoltaic roof supplying much of its electricity.
Vauxhall underground is served by the Victoria Line and is between Pimlico and Stockwell.
Vauxhall rail station is served by South West Trains services to and from London Waterloo. The typical off-peak service is:
London buses routes 2, 36 (24 hour service), 77, 87, 88 (24 hour service), 156, 185, 196, 344 (24 hour service), 360, 436 and Night Bus routes N2, N87, N136 serve the station.
Pimlico tube station
London Victoria station
Victoria station is a major National Rail, London Underground and coach station in the City of Westminster. It is the second busiest railway terminus in London after Waterloo. It is in Travelcard Zone 1. It is named after Queen Victoria.
The National Rail station is officially named 'London Victoria', a name that is sometimes used outside London, but never by Londoners. The station has two separate parts:
This split is generally held to, as the track layout does not allow much swapping, with only a small number of connecting flyovers between the main lines in the Battersea area, and a single track connection just outside the station. As the Brighton side is the busier of the two, disruption on that line sometimes results in some of its suburban services using the eastern side. This is often true of the Gatwick Express, which travels along the Brighton Main Line, as it will often divert over Chatham side tracks during engineering works in order to maintain service levels.
Victoria also serves as the London terminus for the Venice Simplon Orient Express, from Platform 2, the longest platform.
There are ticket barriers to platforms 1-12 and 15-19. Platforms 13 and 14 don't have ticket barriers and this is where the Gatwick Express service departs.
The London Underground station lies to the north of the mainline station concourse.It is currently the busiest station on the system with around 76 million using the station (not including interchanging passengers) as of 2007, 60.2 million (including interchanges) using the Victoria Line platforms. There are two ticket halls. The newer hall, closer to the mainline station, serves the Victoria Line; the other, farther north, serves the District and Circle Lines. The ticket halls are connected by a pedestrian passage beneath the Bus station.
Victoria coach station is half a mile south-west of the railway stations. It is the largest and most significant coach station in London. It serves long distance coach services and is also the departure point for many countryside coach tours originating from London. It serves all parts of the UK, and mainland Europe.
The Victoria bus station is directly outside Victoria Station. It services only London Buses, with 19 routes and 200 buses per hour at busy times. Bus 'spider' maps are available from TfL; they are designed like tube maps.
The Green Line Coach Station is another coach station near Victoria Station. The station offers long distance coach services by Green Line Coaches and Greyhound UK.
Green Park tube station
Green Park tube station is a London Underground station. It is on the north side of Green Park, close to the intersection of Piccadilly and the pedestrian Queen's Walk. It is in Travelcard Zone 1.
The station is served by the Piccadilly line, between Piccadilly Circus and Hyde Park Corner, the Victoria line, between Victoria and Oxford Circus, and the Jubilee line, between Bond Street and Westminster.
London Buses routes 8, 9, 14, 19, 22 and 38 serve the station.
Cristian Zaccardo
Cristian Zaccardo (born 21 December 1981) is an Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.
249||10||15||0||10||1||274||11
11||1||0||0||0||0||11||1
260||11||15||0||10||1||285||12
Fabio Grosso
Fabio Grosso (born 28 November 1977) is an Italian football player. He plays for Juventus and Italy national team.
373||83
425||85
!Total||48||4
Daniele De Rossi
Daniele De Rossi (born 24 July 1983) is an Italian retired football player. He last played for Boca Juniors and Italy national team.
188||20||34||3||43||4||265||27
Andrea Barzagli
Andrea Barzagli (born 8 May 1981) is an Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.
256||10
!Total||25||0
Alberto Gilardino
Alberto Gilardino (born 5 July 1982) is an Italian football player. He plays for Fiorentina and Italy national team.
281||113||19||8||53||14||353||135
!Total||39||16
Angelo Peruzzi
Angelo Peruzzi (born 16 February 1970) is a former Italian football player. He has played for Italy's national team.
478||0||41||0||95||0||614||0
!Total||31||0
Marco Amelia
Marco Amelia (born 2 April 1982) is an Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.
213||0
Vincenzo Iaquinta
Vincenzo Iaquinta (born 21 November 1979) is an Italian football player. He plays for Juventus and Italy national team.
326||95||28||9||19||10||373||114
Mauro Camoranesi
Mauro Camoranesi (born 4 October 1976) is an Italian football player. He plays for Italy national team.
86||28||||||||||86||28
6||1||||||||||6||1
38||16||||||||||38||16
275||34||13||1||50||4||338||39
7||0||1||0||6||0||14||0
412||79||14||1||56||4||481||84
!Total||53||5
Gutter (philately)
Gutter in philately (stamp collecting) is a space between printed stamps. Gutters may separate sheet of stamps in panes. They may, or may not, have some printing. The gutter between the stamps is often the same size as the postage stamp.
There are other related philatelic terms:
Simone Barone
Simone Barone (born 30 April 1978) is an Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.
320||20
Simone Perrotta
Simone Perrotta (born 17 September 1977) is an Italian football player. He plays for Roma and Italy national team.
386||34||34||9||35||3||455||46
!Total||47||2
Massimo Oddo (born 14 June 1976) is an Italian football player. He plays for Milan.
359||34||38||2||31||0||428||36
18||0||2||0||6||0||26||0
377||34||40||2||37||0||454||36
Marco Materazzi
Marco Materazzi (born 19 August 1973) is an Italian football player. He has played for Italy, and scored in the 2006 World Cup final in Berlin, making the score 1-1.
As of 2014, he is a coach and works for the Indian football club Chennaiyin.
318||53||28||0||58||2||404||55
27||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||27||1
345||54||28||0||58||2||431||56
!Total||41||2
Heating oil
Heating oil is oil that is burned as fuel in furnaces inside of buildings. The oil is usually delivered by tanker truck to individual homes and business places, and the oil is stored in oil tanks in the basement or outside, next to the building. If oil leaks into the ground, it's an environmental problem because even a small leak can cause major groundwater pollution, making the water from wells and springs unusable because chemicals from the oil are harmful to both humans and animals. Heating oil is usually dyed to make sure it is not confused with vehicle fuel.
Heating oil, also known as "No. 2 fuel oil", accounts for about 25% of the output of a barrel of crude oil, the second-biggest "cut" after gasoline.
Among processed fuels, the need for heating oil has been going down, while the usage of liquefied petroleum gas has increased.
Investors and suppliers trade contracts that promise the delivery of large amounts of heating oil before a certain date in the future, at a specific price. These futures contracts trade in units of 42,000 gallons, which is the same as 1,000 barrels. Prices are based on delivery in New York City harbor, the main cash market trading center.
Oxford Circus tube station
Bishan
Bishan is a town in Singapore. It is in the middle of Singapore. A lot of people live in Bishan. Houses in Bishan are expensive, because it is near the city.
Bishan is called Bishan because in the past, it used to be a Cantonese cemetery called Peck San Theng (simplified Chinese: 碧山亭; pinyin: bìshántīng), which means "pavilions on the hill". This cemetery was made in 1870, but recently the government developed this place, so many people live in Bishan now.
Bishan is next to the Central Expressway (CTE), so people all over Singapore can come to Bishan using the CTE. Bishan also has its MRT station called Bishan station. Bishan also has a bus interchange, where people can change to many buses they may want to change to.
Bishan has many schools. There are 4 primary schools, 7 secondary schools and one post-secondary technical education institute. The most famous school in Bishan is Raffles Institution, which is a secondary school and junior college.
Bishan also has the Ministry of Education Language Center (MOELC). Students in Singapore come to MOELC to learn languages like French, German, Japanese, Arabic and Bahasa Indonesia.
Bishan has three shopping centers.
Warren Street tube station
King's Cross St. Pancras is a tube station in the London Borough of Camden, on the London Underground network, serving both King's Cross and main line stations. It is in Travelcard Zone 1.
King's Cross St. Pancras is the biggest interchange station on the London Underground, with six lines on four pairs of tracks:
Highbury &amp; Islington station
Highbury & Islington station is a National Rail, London Overground and London Underground station, in the London Borough of Islington in North London. It serves the suburbs of Highbury and Islington. The name is often shortened to simply Highbury.
The station is on the Underground's Victoria Line, between Finsbury Park and King's Cross St. Pancras. It is also on the National Rail North London line and Northern City Line. It is in Travelcard Zone 2.
In 2010 Highbury & Islington will become the new northern terminus of phase one of the East London Railway extension, which will be operated as part of London Overground.
Islington Council is currently considering redeveloping the site of the current station, and Highbury Corner generally, including possibly covering over the North London Line tracks and building an office block above the site..
Finsbury Park station
Finsbury Park Station is a busy transport interchange in North London. The interchange consists of an interconnected National Rail station, London Underground station and two bus stations. The main entrances are by the eastern bus station on Station Place. The National Rail ticket office here lies in between one entrance marked by the Underground roundel symbol, while the other is marked by the National Rail symbol, and provides direct access to the main line platforms. There is another exit by the western bus station along Wells Terrace, incorporating the Underground ticket office, plus a narrow side entrance to the south on the A503 Seven Sisters Road. The complex is in Travelcard Zone 2.
The above-ground National Rail station, which has a separate ticket office to the Underground station, is managed and served by First Capital Connect. Trains from Moorgate and King's Cross form inner suburban services to Welwyn Garden City and Hertford North and outer suburban services start from Kings Cross towards Peterborough and Cambridge. Inner suburban service do not serve the Moorgate branch during late evenings and at weekends, being diverted to King's Cross station instead. There are six platforms, but only five tracks, given that platforms 4 and 5 share a track. Platform 1 is used by London Moorgate services heading into London, platform 6 by Moorgate services heading northbound. Platforms 2 (southbound) and 3 (northbound) by Kings Cross services, usually fast but sometimes stopping. Platforms 4/5 by stopping northbound trains from Kings Cross.
The station is served by the Piccadilly and Victoria lines. Although thought of as a 'deep-level' tube station, Finsbury Park has neither lifts nor escalators as its lines are less than 20' (6.1 m) below street level, though there used to be lifts from the high-level platforms to the tube level. These were the last hydraulically operated lifts on LT. The access to the Piccadilly and Victoria line platforms is by staircase only, reached via two narrow passages that physically prevent the installation of automatic ticket barriers - remarkable, considering its Zone 2 location. Manual ticket inspections do, however, regularly take place. Oystercard readers are available for "pay as you go" customers.
UK railway stations - A
UK railway stations - B