AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
In the Southern Court, but Gentoku lasted until only August 1331 when "Genkō" started. After 1331, the pretender in Kyoto was . Kōgon's Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time was .
Substitute good
In economics two or more goods can be classified by looking at the demand curve when the price of one of these goods changes. That way they will either be classified as substitutes or complementary goods. Two goods are substitutes if the demand of one good increases and the price of the other good increases. In this case, consumers will replace one good with the other.
Classic examples of substitute goods include margarine and butter, or tea and coffee. Substitute goods not only occur on the consumer side of the market but also the producer side. Substitutable producer goods would include: petroleum and natural gas (used for heating or electricity). The fact that one good is substitutable for another has immediate economic consequences: insofar as one good can be substituted for another, the demand for the two kinds of good will be bound together by the fact that customers can trade off one good for the other if they get an advantage by to do so.
Perfect substitutes can replace each other, without trade-off in costs, or quality. For imperfect substitutes, the customer has to make a trade-off, either in price, or in quality. Artificial leather is much cheaper than real leather, and can replace it in many situations - artificial and real leather are substitute goods. Real leather is much more durable, and has a different look and feel. When these factors are important, the two are not interchangeable. For this reason artificial and real leather are imperfect substitutes.
Complementary good
St. Lucie County Public Schools
St. Lucie County Public Schools is the branding for St. Lucie County School District, which is the school district that manages schools in St. Lucie County, Florida, USA.
St. Lucie County Public Schools has elementary (K-6, K-8), middle and high schools
Mongol invasions of Japan
The two failed invasion attempts are important because they were defining events in Japanese history.
The attempts show the limits of Mongol (Yuan Dynasty) ability to expand the Chinese empire.
After the destruction of the Mongol invaders, Japan's independence was guaranteed. A power struggle within Japan led to the growth of military governments and less Imperial power.
"Genkō yōshi" may be used with any type of writing instruments pencil, pen, or an ink brush.
"Genkō yōshi" is used for vertical writing. On a sheet of "genkō yōshi", there is no pre-determined order; there is instead a system of space, which can be designed freely.
One page of Japanese with 400 characters generally equals 225-250 words in English. In other words, an essay of about 10,000 words would be the same as 40-45 "genko yoshi".
"Genkō yōshi" came into common use in the Meiji period. Newspapers and magazines needed to count characters.
Formosa Province
Formosa Province is a province in northeastern Argentina. Its northeast end touches Asunción, Paraguay. The capital is Formosa.
Formosa's protected areas are the Río Pilcomayo National Park and the Formosa National Reserve.
Formosa is one of the poorest provinces in Argentina.
The name Andrew is a masculine given name. It was a very popular name in English-speaking countries in the 1990s. Many celebrities and famous people have the name. A hurricane with the name cut across Florida and central Louisiana in 1992, causing more than $35 billion in destruction.
Jujuy Province
La Pampa Province
La Pampa is a province of Argentina. It is in the center of the country. Very few people live there.
In 1952, the province was renamed after Eva Perón. In 1955, it was changed back to La Pampa.
Agriculture gives a fourth to La Pampa's economy. The most important activity is cattle ranching. Other livestock include sheep, goats and pigs.
La Rioja Province, Argentina
La Rioja is one of the provinces of Argentina. It is in the west side of the country. The province's two largest cities are La Rioja and Chilecito.
Petroglyphs at the Talampaya National Park are dated around 10,000 years BCE.
Fatal Attraction is an American thriller movie directed by Adrian Lyne. It stars Michael Douglas, Glenn Close and Anne Archer.
Douglas plays attorney Dan Gallagher, who lives in Manhattan with wife Beth (played by Archer) and their six-year-old daughter Ellen (played by Ellen Hamilton Latzen). He has a fling with 36-year-old Alex Forrest (played by Close). Alex has borderline personality disorder and self-harms. When Dan ends the affair, she refuses to accept it and reacts with hatred against him and later tells him she is pregnant. Despite him moving to Bedford, New York, she stalks him and uses violence. Dan then approaches the police for a restraining order against her, but the lieutenant claims that he cannot violate Alex's rights without probable cause and must own up to his own adultery.
One day, when Dan and his family are out, Alex kills Ellen's pet rabbit and leaves it on their stove to boil. After this, Dan confesses to the affair and of Alex's pregnancy. Beth then kicks Dan out, but not before he calls Alex to tell her of Beth's knowledge of the affair. Beth then warns Alex that "if you (Alex) ever come near my family again, I'll (Beth) kill you". The next day, unbeknownst to Beth and Dan, Alex arrives at Ellen's school and picks her up, taking her to a theme park. Beth, in a panic, drives around searching for Ellen and rear-ends a car, resulting in her being hospitalised. Alex takes Ellen home and asks her for a kiss on the cheek. After Beth is released from hospital, she forgives Dan and they return home.
Dan attacks Alex in her apartment and nearly strangles her to death. He stops, but then Alex attacks him with a kitchen knife. He overpowers her, but puts the knife down and leaves, with Alex leaning on the kitchen counter, smiling. Dan approaches the police about having her arrested and they start searching for her. While Beth is preparing a bath for herself, Alex appears with the knife and explains her resentment of Beth, all the while fidgeting and resulting in her cutting her leg, before attacking her. The screaming attracts Dan's attention and he wrestles Alex into the bath, seemingly drowning her. Alex then emerges from the water swinging the knife. Beth then shoots her to death. After Dan is finished talking to the police, he goes upstairs where Beth is waiting for him, they then embrace and proceed upstairs as the camera focuses on a picture of the family.
Angela is a female given name. It was popular during the 1960s and 1970s. It is now less popular, although "Angela" is still popular among girls. There are many celebrities with this name.
Amol () is the capital city of the Mazandaran Province in Iran.
Shōchū (era)
Karyaku
, also romanized as Kareki, was a after "Shōchū" and before "Gentoku." This period spanned the years from April 1326 through August 1329. The reigning Emperor was .
Misiones Province
Misiones is one of the provinces of Argentina. It is in the northeastern corner of the country. Paraguay is to the northwest. Brazil is to the north, east and south. There are 965,522 people living in Misiones. Iguazú National Park is here.
The province first had Guarani people.
Misiones makes the most yerba mate in all of Argentina. Light manufacturing and tourism also help the economy.
Neuquén Province
Neuquén is a province of Argentina. It is in the west of the country, at the northern end of Patagonia. It borders Chile to the west and Mendoza Province to the northeast. The name comes from the Neuquén River.
There are four national parks: Los Arrayanes National Park, Lanín National Park, the Nahuel Huapí National Park, and the Laguna Blanca National Park.
Neuquén is one of the richest provinces in Argentina. There is a lot of gas and petroleum production.
Río Negro Province
Río Negro is a province of Argentina. It is at the northern edge of Patagonia. To the east is the Atlantic Ocean. Its capital is Viedma. Other important cities include the ski resort town of Bariloche, Cipolletti and General Roca.
Ferdinand Magellan was the first explorer to visit the coasts of the provinces in 1520.
The province makes almost 70% of the apples and pears of the country. Industrial fishing takes place in the Atlantic Ocean waters of the San Matías Gulf. Hake, squid, and shellfish are the most common capture.
Sauvane Delanoë
Sauvane Delanoë (born January 19, 1978 in Paris, France) is a French voice actress. She mostly works dubbing the voices of English-language movies and TV shows in French.
Delanoë began acting when she was five years old. She also writes music for theatre.
All works are the French versions:
San Juan Province, Argentina
San Juan is a province of Argentina. It is in the western part of the country. It borders with Chile at the west. The entire province has an important number of paleontological sites.
Agriculture is one of the most important economic activities, especially wine production and Olive oil. It is also an important center of mining and oil production.
San Luis Province
San Luis is a province of Argentina. The "Pampa de las Salinas" is a great salt lake in the province. The Sierra de las Quijadas National Park is here.
The railway system reached San Luis in the year 1875.
Mining is mostly for construction materials such as limestone and marble. There is also mining for tungsten, uranium and salt.
Santa Cruz Province, Argentina
Santa Cruz is a province of Argentina. It is in the southern part of the country, in Patagonia. It borders Chile to the west and south. To the east is the Atlantic Ocean. It is the second largest province of the country (after Buenos Aires province). It has the fewest people in mainland Argentina. Perito Moreno National Park and Los Glaciares National Park are here.
"Río Turbio" is Argentina's only active coal mine. There is also mining for gold, clay, gypsum, and salt. Sheep are also important for the economy. They are used both for wool and meat.
Santa Fe Province
The Invincible Province of Santa Fe is a province of Argentina. It is in the center-east of the country. Santa Fe's most important cities are Rosario, the capital Santa Fe, Rafaela, Villa Gobernador Gálvez, Venado Tuerto, Reconquista, and Santo Tomé.
In 1889 the National University of the Littoral was formed.
Cattle are important to the province for both meat and milk.
Santiago del Estero Province
Santiago del Estero is a province in the north of Argentina. Its capital is the city of Santiago del Estero
The province of Santiago del Estero has an area of ; the province is in the northern part of the country and is surrounded by the provinces Salta, Chaco, Santa Fe, Córdoba, Catamarca and Tucumán.
Most of the province is in the Gran Chaco flat lands with some low places where some small lakes are formed. In some low places, there are wetlands that are known here as "Esteros".
The main rivers of the province are the Dulce, that is known as "Salí" river in Tucumán, and the Salado.
Santiago del Estero has an arid climate, subtype Bsh in the Köppen climate classification.
The average temperature for the year in Santiago del Estero is . The warmest month, on average, is January with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is June, with an average temperature of .
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Santiago del Estero is . The month with the most precipitation on average is January with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of .
The inhabitants of Santiago del Estero are known, in Spanish, as "Santiagueños" (women: "Santiagueñas").
The province of Santiago del Estero has a population, in 2010, of 874,006; its population density is of inhabitants/km.
Evolution of the population in Santiago del Estero
The province is divided into 27 departments ().
Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina
Tierra del Fuego (officially Provincia de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur) is a province of Argentina. It is entirely separated from mainland Argentina by the Strait of Magellan. It includes:
Aldemaro Romero
Aldemaro Romero (March 12, 1928 – September 15, 2007) was a Venezuelan pianist, composer, arranger and orchestral conductor. He was born in Valencia, Carabobo State.
Romero was a prolific composer, creating a wide range of music, such as Caribbean, Jazz, Venezuelan waltzes, including works for orchestra, orchestra and soloist, orchestra and choir, chamber music, up to symphonic works of great dimensions. In 1951 Romero signed contract with RCA Victor to record with a full orchestra, what was to be a very successful album in the "Dinner In..." series, featuring popular Latin American music. Under the RCA label he published his LP Dinner in Caracas, with which beat all sales records in South America until then. Afterwards, recorded numerous LP albums in different countries. In America, his ability as arranger/conductor led him to collaborate with popular orchestras and singers, such as Dean Martin, Jerry Lee Lewis, Stan Kenton, Machito and Tito Puente, among others. He also toured extensively, performing in numerous countries: Mexico, Puerto Rico, Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Argentina, Spain, France, Greece, Switzerland, Sweden, Italy, Russia, Egypt and Japan.
Romero was the creator of a new form of Venezuelan music, known as "New Wave" (Onda Nueva), derived from the joropo and influenced by Brazilian Bossa Nova. He also had an important role in the field of learned music.
Aldemaro Romero died in Caracas on September 15, 2007, at the age of 79.
Stephen (disambiguation)
Stephen or Steven is a male given name. It might also mean:
President of Argentina
The President of the Argentine Nation, usually known as the President of Argentina, is the head of state of Argentina. The President is also Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.
The current President is Alberto Fernández. He was sworn in on 10 December 2019.
List of Vice Presidents of Argentina
The office of Vice President of Argentina is the second highest political position in Argentina.
The Vice President replaces the President if the President cannot do the job.
This is a list of Vice Presidents of Argentina.
Tobias (surname)
Tobias is a Greek form of the Hebrew name ""Tobijah"" from the Bible, meaning ""Jehovah [God] is good"". It is often used as a male given name, but has also been a surname (last name).
The surname Tobias may refer to the following people:
Supreme Court of Argentina
The Supreme Court of Argentina is the highest court of law in Argentina. It started on 15 January 1863. The rulings of the court are final. The court also decides on cases about the constitution.
The members of the Supreme Court are chosen by the President.
The current composition of the Supreme Court is as follows:
Julio Cobos
Julio César Cleto Cobos (born Mendoza, Argentina, April 30, 1955) is an Argentine politician. He is the Vice President of Argentina for President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner from 2007 to 2011. He started as part of the Radical Civic Union (UCR). He became Governor of Mendoza in 2003.
American Hairless Terrier
The American Hairless Terrier is a hairless dog breed. This means they do not have fur. The American Hairless Terrier is often listed as a good breed choice for people with allergies.
The first American Hairless Terrier was born in the United States in 1972. The puppy, who was named Josephine, was born to a rat terrier mother, who had a coat of fur.
These dogs are friendly. They have a mild temperament and are interested animals.
Don can stand for different concepts:
Jean-Charles Corbet
Jean-Charles Corbet is a French Chief executive officer and aviator.
Graduates from "École nationale de l'aviation civile" (ÉNAC) of Toulouse (airline pilot promotion 1974), he starts his career as air transport pilot in Gabon, waiting to be hired by Air France.
Airline pilot at Air France, he is First officer on Boeing 737 and 747, and then Captain on Airbus A320 before being qualified on Airbus A340.
Head of the Air France section of the "Syndicat national des pilotes de ligne", he is causing a ten-day strike at Air France, just before the 1998 FIFA World Cup. In 2001, he is president of Air Lib, airline borns with the merger of AOM French Airlines and Air Liberté.
Amateur rugby union and air sports, Jean-Charles Corbet is also an accomplished motorcyclist.
The Kepler conjecture is a problem in math. It wants to know the best way to put spheres together so there will be only a little bit of room between the spheres. That means the spheres are put together very tightly, meaning they are dense.
The Kepler conjecture is about Sphere packing in three-dimensional Euclidean space. It is named after Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) who first had this idea. Kepler supposed that the ways to pack spheres of equal size that result in the packing with the highest density are face-centered cubic or hexagonal packings. Those two things are crystal structures, meaning ways to put things together in a repeating pattern. These packings have a density of slightly over 74 percent, this means that they fill about 74 percent of space available.
Sphere packing
In geometry, Sphere packing refers to a number of problems that try to arrange spheres in space. Very often, the spheres all have the same size, and the space used is usually three-dimensional Euclidean space. The problem is part of packing problems. When it is generalised, not all the spheres need to have the same size, and spaces can be n-dimensional Euclidean space, or hyperbolic space.
A typical sphere packing problem is to find an arrangement in which the spheres fill as large a proportion of the space as possible. The proportion of space filled by the spheres is called the density of the arrangement. As the local density of a packing in an infinite space can vary depending on the volume over which it is measured, the problem is usually to maximise the average or asymptotic density, measured over a large enough volume.
The Great Hunger: Ireland 1845-1849
The Great Hunger Ireland 1845-1849 is a book written in 2008 about the Potato Famine in Ireland. It was written by British historian Cecil Woodham-Smith, who was born in Wales but of Irish ancestry. In her book, Woodham-Smith said that the British government was irresponsible when dealing with the famine. She especially criticised Sir Charles Edward Trevelyan, the British administrator who was in charge of famine relief.
Swagger Jagger
"Swagger Jagger" is the first single by British singer Cher Lloyd, from her debut studio album, "Sticks and Stones" (2011). The song was released as the lead single from the album on July 31, 2011. The song was written by two production teams - The Runners and The Monarch - along with Lloyd, Autumn Rowe, Marcus Lomax and Clarence Coffee Jr. It was produced by The Runners and The Monarch. The music video was released on June 26, 2011. It was also used in the movie "Identity Thief" with Melissa McCarthy.
The song received mixed reviews from music critics. It debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart, and at number two in Ireland.
Consistency proof
M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle
The Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR) was a group of American automatic rifles and light machine guns. It was used by the United States and several other countries. The most-used type of BAR was the M1918. It was designed by John Browning in 1917. It was supposed to replace the French Chauchat and the M1909 Benet-Mercie machine guns.
The BAR was designed to be carried by soldiers that were moving forward. It was supposed to be put over the shoulder on a strap and fired from the hip. This was called "walking fire". It was thought that walking fire was needed for trench warfare. However, it was usually used as a light machine gun and fired from a bipod.
When the United States joined World War I, they did not have very good machine guns. One reason for this was because there was no military doctrine for their use. The U.S. declared war on Germany on 6 April 1917. At this time, the commanders were told that the U.S. only had 670 M1909 Benet-Mercies, 282 M1904 Maxims and 158 Colts, M1895 to fight the war. After a lot of arguments, they decided that the U.S. would have to build up more American weapons. However, until then, U.S. soldiers would have to take what the French and British could give them. The machine guns given to the U.S. by the French were often not very good. They also fired different cartridges from what the U.S. soldiers usually used. This meant that soldiers and machine gunners had to be given different kinds of cartridge.
In 1917, before the United States joined the First World War, John Browning brought two weapons to Washington, D.C. These were: a water-cooled machine gun (later named the M1917 Browning machine gun) and an automatic rifle. Back then, this automatic rifle was called the Browning Machine Rifle or BMR. Both of these weapons fired the standard U.S. cartridge. John Browning had set up a demonstration of the weapons at Congress Heights. Congress Heights is just outside of Washington D.C. On 27 February 1917, Browning tested the automatic rifle in front of 300 people. The crowd was so impressed that he was immediately given a contract for the weapon. It was quickly brought into service. The water-cooled machine gun was tested further.
More tests were done for U.S. Army weapon officers at Springfield Armory in May 1917. Both weapons were recommended to be brought into service immediately. So that the BAR was not confused with the M1917 machine gun, it was officially named the M1918 or Rifle, Caliber .30, Automatic, Browning, M1918. On 16 July 1917, 12,000 BARs were ordered from Colt's Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company. They were allowed to make the BAR under Browning's patents (Browning's patent 1293022 was owned by Colt). However, Colt was already making as many weapons as they could (as they were making the Vickers machine gun for the British Army). They asked for the military to wait a while, as they were opening a new factory in Meriden, Connecticut. Because of how much the weapon was needed, the request was turned down. The Winchester Repeating Arms Company (WRAC) would make the weapons instead. Winchester also helped out with the BAR's final design.
Since work on the gun did not begin until February 1918, Winchester was hurrying to make many BARs. They were in such a rush that the first 1,800 guns were delivered with things wrong. The contract with Winchester said that they had to make 25,000 BARs. Winchester were making many BARs by June 1918. By July, they were making 9,000 guns a month.
Colt and Marlin-Rockwell Corp. also began making BARs just after Winchester started making a lot of them. Marlin-Rockwell had a contract to make BARs for the Belgian government. They bought the Mayo Radiator Co.'s factory. They only used it to make the BAR. The first BAR from Marlin-Rockwell was delivered on 11 June 1918. The company eventually started making 200 BARs per day. Colt had only made 9,000 BARs when the armistice was signed. This was because they were busy with other orders. Together, the three companies made 706 BARs every day. Around 52,000 BARs were delivered by all companies by the end of WWI. Between 1918 and 1919, 102,125 BARs were made. Colt made 16,000, Winchester made 47,123 and Marlin-Rockwell made 39,002 BARs.
By July 1918, the BAR had arrived in France. The first unit to get BARs was the U.S. Army's 79th Infantry Division. The division used them for the first time on 13 September 1918. Even though it was brought in very late in the war, the BAR made a large effect. It was used a lot during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. The other Allies were impressed by the BAR. France asked for 15,000 BARs to replace their Chauchat.
The M1918 is a selective fire automatic rifle. It fires from an open bolt.
The weapon's barrel can not be removed quickly. The M1918 gets its ammunition from a 20-round box magazine. 40-round magazines were also used to shoot down aircraft. However, these stopped being used in 1927. Not many bayonets for the BAR were made. Because of this, they are very rare.
Because the M1918 was supposed to be used as a support weapon, it did not have a place to put a bayonet. No bayonets were ever used on a BAR. Winchester did make one BAR with a place to put a bayonet, but it was only for testing.
During its long time in service, the M1918 was developed further and further. It was upgraded many times. The first big try at making the M1918 better made the M1922 light machine gun. The M1922 was taken into service with the United States Cavalry in 1922. The weapon used a new type of barrel. It also had a bipod with spikes on the end. The handguard was also changed.
In 1931, the Colt Arms Co. made the Colt Monitor Automatic Machine Rifle (R 80). This was mostly meant to be used by prison guards and the police. The Colt Monitor did not have a bipod. The Colt Monitor weighed around 16 lb. 3 oz. without any ammunition in it. It had a rate of fire of around 500 rpm. Around 125 Colt Monitor automatic rifles were made. 90 of these were bought by the FBI. Eleven rifles went to the U.S. Treasury Department in 1934. The rest went to many prisons, banks, security companies and police departments.
In 1932, a much shorter version of the M1918 BAR designed for 'bush warfare' was made by USMC Major H.L. Smith. Captain Merritt A. Edson wrote a report on this rifle. Edson was the Ordnance officer at the Quartermaster's Depot in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The barrel was made nine inches shorter (229 mm), and there were some other changes as well. The changed BAR weighed 13 lb. 12 oz. and was only long. This version was more accurate than the BAR when firing automatically and while lying down, it was less accurate when fired from the shoulder. It was also very loud. Though the report written by Edson said that six of the 'jungle' BARs should be built for testing, no more work was done on the project.
The M1918A1 had a light bipod with spikes on it, along with some other new features. It was brought into service on 24 June 1937. Not many M1918s were rebuilt to be M1918A1s.
In April 1938, work was started on an improved BAR for the U.S. Army. Early prototypes had bipods that were put onto the barrel. It also had a special mechanism to make the rate of fire less. However, in 1939 the Army
Final development of the M1918A2 started on 30 June 1938. The M1918A2's buttstock (the part of the gun which sticks out at the back) is about one inch longer than the M1918 BAR buttstock. Late in the war, a handle was put onto the barrel to carry the weapon around.
Because the companies did not have a lot of money, the first M1918A2s were just older M1918 BARs that were changed. A small amount M1922s and M1918A1s were also changed. After WWII started, it was tried to make more M1918A2s. However, the World War I tools used to make the M1918 were either worn out or could not be used with modern machines. In 1942, there was not enough wood to make the buttstocks, so a black plastic buttstock was made for the BAR. Firestone Rubber and Latex Products Company made the plastic buttstock for the U.S. Army. This was brought into service on March 21, 1942.
In 2008, one company made a modern, semi-automatic version of the Browning Automatic Rifle. This was called the 1918A3 SLR ("self-loading rifle").
When the war ended, Colt Arms Co. were given the Browning patents to make the BAR that was not given out during the war. This allowed Colt to make the BAR for sale to civilians. This BAR was called the Colt Automatic Machine Rifle Model 1919. It was first made up of M1918s from the contract with the military which were not delivered. It was one of several Colt BARs. However, the weapon had a high price. It was also not very useful to civilians. Because of this, it did not sell much. Ad Topperwien was a famous shooter of the early 1920s. He bought one of the first Colt BARs to shoot things out of the sky. When the National Firearms Act of 1934 was passed, civilian BARs were restricted. Machine guns for U.S. civilians were banned in 1968. Also, making machine guns for U.S. civilians was banned in 1986.
Clyde Barrow, a gangster, liked the army's M1918. He got his BARs by robbing the Army National Guard. Barrow taught his girlfriend Bonnie Parker to fire the M1918 as well.
Automatic weapons were becoming more popular with gangsters in the United States. Because of this, FBI director J. Edgar Hoover told the FBI to train agents with automatic weapons. Examples were the Thompson submachine gun and the BAR. The FBI bought its BARs from Colt. Colt sold 90 BARs to the agency. Some of the FBI's BARs were sent to FBI offices. They were to be used as support weapons if they were needed. The rest were kept at the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia. They were there for training. Colt sold another 11 BARs to the U.S. Treasury Department in 1934. 24 guns were sold to prisons, banks, security companies and police departments.
It has sometimes been said that the M1918 or M1918A2 BAR was used by Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA) members in a shootout with Los Angeles police. This happened on 17 May 1974. However, no SLA members ever used such a weapon. This confusion happened because Browning decided to call its semi-automatic hunting rifle the Browning BAR. The SLA changed a Browning BAR hunting rifle to automatic fire. It was this weapon that was used in the shootout.
When it first came into service, the M1918 was supposed to be fired from the shoulder. It was meant to be a rifle that could give both semi-automatic and fully automatic fire. The M1918 was first given out in September 1918.
As well as being fired from the shoulder, M1918 gunners were given a belt which had pouches on it for the magazines. They were also given a sidearm.
The BAR was not used much during World War I. This was partly because of the Armistice, and also because the U.S. Army did not want the enemy to be able to capture an M1918. 85,000 BARs were built by the war's end.
In between World War I and World War II, the M1918 was given to all U.S. naval landing forces. The weapon could be found on board most U.S. ships. Each BAR had a spare barrel. Big ships often had over 200 BARs on board. Many of the U.S. Navy BARs were still used until the 1960s.
When the threat of a new war rose, U.S. Army Ordnance realized they did not have a squad light machine gun that could be moved around easily. They tried to use the M1918 BAR as a light machine gun when the M1918A2 was brought into service with the U.S. Army on 30 June 1938. The BAR was given as the only automatic gun for a squad of eight soldiers. All men were trained how to use the BAR in case the gunner(s) were killed or injured. At the start of the war, most BAR teams were two or three people. These were a gunner and one or two assistants who carried extra magazines for the gun. By 1944, some units' BAR teams were just one person, with the other people in the squad carrying ammunition.
Río de la Plata
The Río de la Plata called River Plate in British English is a river in Argentina. It is an estuary made from the Uruguay River and the Paraná River. These rivers are on the border between Argentina and Uruguay. It is about long.
The Río de la Plata widens from about at the inner part to about at its mouth. Buenos Aires is on its western shore. Montevideo is on its northern shores.
The Río de la Plata is home for the loggerhead sea turtle, green sea turtle, leatherback sea turtle, the rare La Plata dolphin, and many species of fish.
The first naval battle of the Second World War was fought near the River Plata. The Kriegsmarine "pocket battleship" "Admiral Graf Spee" was engaged by the Royal Navy cruisers, , and off the estuary of the River Plate in December 1939.
The German ship retired up the estuary with a crippled fuel system and put into port at Montevideo. A few days later, rather than fight outgunned against the British, she was scuttled in the estuary. This engagement was part of the early Battle of the Atlantic skirmishes.
Paraguay River
The Paraguay River is a major river in south central South America. It goes through Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina. It is about long. It starts in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso. It ends when it joins the Paraná River north of Corrientes. The biggest city on the river is Asunción, the capital city of Paraguay, which is located at its meeting with the Putumayo River.
Bermejo River
The Bermejo River is a river in South America. It flows from Bolivia to the Paraguay River in Argentina.
The river is long. The Bermejo is not able to be travelled on.
Colorado River (Argentina)
The Colorado River is a river in the south of Argentina. The man-made "Embalse Casa de Piedra" dam is on the river. It starts on the eastern slopes of the Andes. It ends in the Atlantic Ocean just south of Bahía Blanca.
Templo Libertad
Beth Yaacov Synagogue
Paraná River
The Paraná River is a river in south Central South America. It goes through Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina. It is long. It is second in length only to the Amazon River among South American rivers. The name Paraná is a shortened form of the phrase "para rehe onáva". It is a Tupi word that means "like the sea".
It starts where the Paranaiba and Grande rivers join in southern Brazil. It joins the Paraguay River and continues south, where it merges with Uruguay River, before flowing into the Atlantic Ocean.
The surubí and the sábalo are fished on the river.
There are many dams along the river. The Yacyretá and Itaipu are used for hydroelectric power.
The Pampas are fertile South American lowlands. It is from a Quechua word meaning "plain". It covers more than . That include parts of Argentina, most of Uruguay, and the southernmost Brazilian State. The climate is mild.
Some of the wildlife includes the rhea, the pampas deer, several species of armadillos, the pampas fox, the White-eared opossum, the Elegant Crested Tinamou, and several other species. Frequent wildfires mean that only small plants such as grasses live, and trees are rare.
Chuck Lorre Productions
Chuck Lorre Productions is a production company mainly used on television series, created by Chuck Lorre.
Nobuyuki Abe
, also known as Noboyuki Abe, was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, Governor-General of Korea, and 36th Prime Minister of Japan from August 30, 1939 to January 16, 1940.
Abe was born into an ex-samurai family in Kanazawa city, Ishikawa Prefecture.
Abe attended Tokyo No.1 Middle School (Tokyo Metropolitan Hibiya High School) followed by No.4 High School. While still a student, he volunteered for military service during the First Sino-Japanese War.
After the war, Abe graduated from the Imperial Japanese Army Academy. He was part of the 19th class of the Army War College.
Abe became commander of the 3rd Field Artillery Regiment from 1918-1921. In August 1918, his regiment was sent to Siberia during Japan's Siberian Intervention, but was never in combat.
Abe was appointed commander of the 4th Infantry Division on December 22, 1930.
He later served as instructor in the Army War College followed by chief of the Military Affairs Bureau and as Vice Minister of the Army.
In 1933, Abe was promoted to full general. He was Commander-in-Chief of the Taiwan Army.
In 1936, he was placed on the reserve list.
Abe Nobuyuki became 36th Prime Minister on August 30, 1939.
Abe was replaced by Mitsumasa Yonai in January 1940.
Abe joined the House of Peers in 1942.
He was appointed the 10th (and last) Governor-General of Korea in 1944 and 1945.
After World War II, Abe was arrested by the Americans under General Douglas MacArthur. He was not charged with any war crimes and he was soon released.
Femminiello
Bourrée
The Bourrée is a quick double time dance of French origins. It is similar to a Gavotte, but has a 1 beat anacruis (upbeat), where the gavotte has a 2 beat anacrusis.
It often has a rhythm with a strong beat followed by two weaker ones. For example, an accented crochet followed by two quavers. This is called dactylic.
North London Collegiate School
North London Collegiate School is an independent school for girls between the ages of 4-18. It is located in Harrow, London. It was established by Frances Mary Buss in 1850. Frances Mary Buss originally opened the school in her own home in Camden Town, London. It later moved to Canons, Edgware in the 1930s. It is thought to be the first girls' school in the United Kingdom, and the first to give girls the same chances to learn things as boys were given.
Girls travel from all over London to attend the school. Famous women who were pupils there include Anna Wintour, Susie Orbach, and Rachel Weisz.
In September 2011 NLCS opened a new school in Jeju, South Korea. NLCS Jeju is a mixed school.
Jacques Villiers
Jacques Villiers, born the 26th of August 1924 at Vaucresson and died the 13th of March 2012 (88 years old) in Paris, is a French aerospace engineer and public servant. He is the founder of the "Centre d'études de la navigation aérienne" (French air navigation center) and co-founder of the CAUTRA system, the computer system of the French air traffic management.
In the words of Michel Wachenheim: "We can consider Jacques Villiers as one of the main
founders of "the French school of air navigation" with everything
it has scientific expertise, know-how
technological and operational experience. He quickly understood
that France could and should play a leading role in this
sector, because of its aviation history, its ability to
train highly qualified specialists, but also its global ambitions
and European geography. He retained confident until the end that we could provide leadership in technical
international level, I am reminded of conversations with him on this
subject. The best tribute to him is certainly to continue
in this way."
Entity-relationship model
In software engineering, an Entity-relationship model is a conceptual model of data. Very often, the term is shortened to ER model. ER models are used to create relational databases. They show how the different parts of a data model interact with each other.
Peter Chen proposed to use this modelling approach in an article he wrote in 1976. Chen was not the first to have this idea. After the publication of the article, the idea was modified as well.
In an ER model, there are three different types of objects:
Since the database must be able to find an entity or a relationship, it must be able to identify it with a set of attributes that is unique. This set of attributes is usually called "primary key".
After all the relations have been mapped, they are usually also revised to include cardinalities; a cardinality specifies the number of entities related in a relationship. This information is needed when the database is created. Depending on cardinality and the level of database normalisation, it may be necessary to introduce additional entities and relationships.
When everything has been described, it is easy to create a relational database, as follows:
An ER model describes the relations between entities. It is adapted to represent relational data. Data that cannot easily be put into this form should not be modelled with an ER model. ER is aimed at designing a database from scratch; using it to describe and change a database that already exists may be more difficult to do.
Even where it is suitable in principle, ER modeling is rarely used as a separate activity.
One reason for this is that there are many tools that allow diagramming and that have other design support directly on relational database management systems.
These tools can extract database diagrams that are very close to ER diagrams from existing databases, and they provide alternative views on the information contained in such diagrams.
In a survey, Brodie and Liu could not find a single instance of entity-relationship modeling inside a sample of ten Fortune 100 companies. Badia and Lemire blame this lack of use on the lack of guidance but also on the lack of benefits, such as lack of support for data integration.
Andrew Wiles
Sir Andrew John Wiles, KBE, FRS (born Cambridge, 11 April 1953) is an Abel Prize-winning British mathematician and a Royal Society Research Professor at Oxford University. He specializes in number theory. He is most famous for proving Fermat's Last Theorem. He is a foreign member of the United States National Academy of Sciences since 1996.
In the summer of 1986, Wiles decided to prove the theorem. Gerhard Frey, Jean-Pierre Serre and Ken Ribet had done successful research in the last few years. Wiles realised that he could prove a limited form of the modularity theorem. So, he decided to solve this problem. This was done somewhat secretly. In 1993, he presented his proof to the public for the first time at a conference in Cambridge. In August 1993, however, it turned out that the proof contained a gap. Wiles tried to fill in this gap. But the error he made was a very basic one. Wiles got the crucial idea for avoiding, rather than closing this gap. This came to him on 19 September 1994. Together with his former student Richard Taylor, he published a second paper. This avoided the error and thus completed the proof. Both papers were published in 1995 in a special volume of the "Annals of Mathematics".
Wiles' proof of Fermat's Last Theorem was scrutinized by mathematical experts. Wiles was interviewed for an episode of the BBC documentary series "Horizon" that focused on Fermat's Last Theorem. This was renamed "The Proof". It was made an episode of the Public Broadcasting Service's science television series "Nova".
Richard Taylor (mathematician)
Richard Lawrence Taylor (born 19 May 1962) is a British mathematician. He works in number theory. He was a former research student of Andrew Wiles. He returned to Princeton to help Wiles complete the proof of Fermat's last theorem.
Taylor received the 2007 Shaw Prize in Mathematical Sciences. This for his work on the Langlands program. He did this work with Robert Langlands.
Taylor received his B.A. from Clare College, Cambridge. He received his Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1988. From 1995 to 1996 he held the Savilian Chair of Geometry at Oxford University. He was also a Fellow of New College, Oxford. Currently, he is the Herchel Smith Professor of Mathematics at Harvard University.
He received the Whitehead Prize in 1990, the Fermat Prize and the Ostrowski Prize in 2001. He also got the Cole Prize of the American Mathematical Society in 2002, and the Shaw Prize for Mathematics in 2007. He was also elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1995.
There are two papers which have the complete proof of Fermat's Last Theorem. One of them was written by Taylor with Andrew Wiles.
In his later work, Taylor (along with Michael Harris) proved the local Langlands conjectures. A simpler proof was suggested almost at the same time by Guy Henniart.
Later, together with Christophe Breuil, Brian Conrad, and Fred Diamond, he completed proving the Taniyama–Shimura conjecture, by performing very difficult computations.
Recently, Taylor, following the ideas of Michael Harris, developed on his work with Laurent Clozel, Michael Harris, and Nick Shepherd-Barron. He has announced that he proved the Sato–Tate conjecture, for elliptic curves with non-integral j-invariant. This partial proof of the Sato–Tate conjecture uses a theorem of Wiles.
Taylor is married to Christine Taylor . She is a mathematical biologist. They have two children: Jeremy and Chloe. He is also the son of British physicist, John C. Taylor.
Yi Bok-nam
Yi Bok-nam ( Hanja: ; born June 28 1555 in Gangneung - died August 16 1597 Namwon, Lee Bok-nam) was an army general and politician of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. He was one of Korea's generals in the Imjin War.
Algebraic equation
In mathematics, an algebraic equation, also called polynomial equation over a given field is an equation of the form
where "P" and "Q" are polynomials over that field, and have one (univariate) or more than one (multivariate) variables. For example:
is an algebraic equation over the rational numbers.
Two equations are called equivalent if they have the same set of solutions. This means that all solutions of the second equation must also be solutions of the first one and vice versa. The equation formula_1 is equivalent with formula_4. So the study of algebraic equations is equivalent to the study of polynomials.
If an algebraic equation is over the rationals, it can always be converted to an equivalent one, where all the coefficients are integers. For example, in the equation given above, we multiply by 42 = 2·3·7 and group the terms in the first member. The equation is converted to
The solutions of an equation are the values of the variables for which the equation is true. But for algebraic equations there are also called roots. When solving an equation, we need to say in which set the solutions are allowed. For example, for an equation over the rationals, one can find solutions in the integers. Then, the equation is a diophantine equation. One may also look for solutions in the field of complex numbers. One can also look for solutions in real numbers.
Ancient mathematicians wanted the solutions of univariate equations (that is, equations with one variable) in the form of radical expressions, like formula_6 for the positive solution of formula_7. The ancient Egyptians knew how to solve equations of degree 2 (that is equations in which the highest power of the variable is 2) in this manner. During the Renaissance, Gerolamo Cardano solved the equation of degree 3 and Lodovico Ferrari solved the equation of degree 4. Finally Niels Henrik Abel proved in 1824 that the equation of degree 5 and the equations of higher degree cannot always be solved by using radicals. Galois theory, named after Évariste Galois, were introduced to give criteria deciding if an equation is solvable using radicals.
Algebraic solution
An algebraic solution is an algebraic expression which is the solution of an algebraic equation in terms of the coefficients of the variables. It is found only by addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and the extraction of roots (square roots, cube roots, etc.).
The most well-known example is the solution of the general quadratic equation.
(where "a" ≠ 0).
There is a more complicated solution for the general cubic equation and quartic equation. The Abel-Ruffini theorem states that the general quintic equation does not have an algebraic solution. This means that the general polynomial equation of degree "n", for "n" ≥ 5, cannot be solved by using algebra. However, under certain conditions, we can get algebraic solutions; for example, the equation formula_3 can be solved as formula_4
Sylvie Faucheux
Sylvie Faucheux (b. 29 May 1960 in the 20th arrondissement of Paris) is a French professor and politician. She specialized in the fields of economy of the natural environment and sustainable development. She was President of the "Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines" from 2002 till the 12 April 2012.
Faucheux graduated from the Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne University which she founded in 1995. She managed the Center for economics and ethics environment and sustainable development, which, in 2002, became a joint research unit between UVSQ and the "Institut de recherche pour le développement" (IRD) (Institute of Development Research).
Faucheux is a politician as well as an educator. She was a SP candidate at the parliamentary elections for the first district of Yvelines in June 2007.
In December 2002, she was named President of the "Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines". She was president until 12 April 2012, when Jean-Luc Vayssière was made president. She is the current head of "Université du grand ouest parisien". Faucheux is a member of the Board of Research and Higher Education in France. She has been a member since 2002. She is responsible for the working group on sustainable development.
Sylvie Faucheux is Chevalier of the "Ordre des Palmes Académiques" (14 July 2004 promotion), Chevalier of the "Ordre national du Mérite" (14 November 2005 Decret), Chevalier of the Legion of Honour and owner of the "Marianne d'Or" 2009 for her actions in favor of the sustainable development.
Derivative (finance)