AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The following is a list of the 17 cantons of the Haute-Saône department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of Haute-Saône are known, in French, as "Haut-Saônois" (women: "Haut-Saônoises").
Haute-Saône had a population, in 2014, of 238,347, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Vesoul, with 129,622 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Haute-Saône
Saône-et-Loire
Saône-et-Loire is a department in the centre of France. It is in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. It is named after the two main rivers in the department: the Saône and the Loire rivers.
The largest city in the department is Chalon-sur-Saône. The prefecture (capital) is the smaller city of Mâcon.
Saône-et-Loire is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Mâcon as its capital. It was formed from combined parts of the old provinces of southern "Burgundy" and "Bresse", uniting lands which have no true geographical unity.
It was divided in seven districts: Autun, Bourbon-Lancy, Chalon-sur-Saône, Charolles, Louhans, Mâcon and Semur-en-Brionnais. That same year, the name of the district Semur-en-Brionnais was changed to Marcigny.
In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the seven districts were changed into five "arrondissements": Mâcon, Autun, Chalon-sur-Saône, Charolles and Louhans.
On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Louhans was eliminated but in 1942 it became again an "arrondissement" of the department.
Saône-et-Loire is part of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. It has an area of ; the seventh largest department of France.
The department borders with 7 other departments in two regions:
There are five natural regions in the department:
The main rivers in the department are the Loire, that makes most of the western border of the department and that flows to the north, into the Atlantic Ocean; and the Saône, in the eastern part of the department and that flows to the south and joins the Rhône river at Lyon.
The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Charnay-lès-Mâcon is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Maritime Temperate climate) and of the subtype Cfb.
The average temperature for the year in Charnay-lès-Mâcon, to the west of Mâcon and where is the local airport, is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month, on average is January, with an average temperature of .
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Charnay-lès-Mâcon is . The month with the most precipitation on average is October with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is August with an average of .
Saône-et-Loire is managed by the "Departmental Council of Saône-et-Loire" in Mâcon. The department is part of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region.
There are 5 "arrondissements" (districts), 29 "cantons" and 567 "communes" (municipalities) in Saône-et-Loire.
The following is a list of the 29 cantons of the Saône-et-Loire department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of Saône-et-Loire are known, in French, as "Saône-et-Loiriens" (women: "Saône-et-Loiriennes").
Saône-et-Loire had a population, in 2014, of 555,788, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Chalon-sur-Saône, with 200,084 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Saône-et-Loire
Sarthe
Savoie
Savoie is a département in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of southeastern France, bordering Italy.
The department of Savoie was created in 1860 from the southern part of the Duchy of Sardinia with four "arrondissements": Chambéry, Albertville, Moûtiers and Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne. The capital was Chambéry.
On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Moûtiers was eliminated.
During World War II, the department was occupied by fascist Italy from November 1942 to September 1943.
The Savoie is part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It has an area of .
The department borders with the Ain, Isère and Haute-Savoie departments in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, the Hautes-Alpes in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region and with Italy (Piedmont region).
Much of Savoie is covered by mountains; the highest mountain in the department is "La Grande Casse" () in the Alps; it is high.
The main rivers in the department are the Isère and its tributary Arch; both flow through the department from east to west. They are within the watershed of the Rhône river. The main lake in the department is the "Lac du Bourget", the largest and deepest lake entirely in France.
The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Chambéry is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Maritime Temperate climate) and of the subtype Cfb.
Savoie is managed by the "Departmental Council of Savoie" in Chambéry. The department is part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.
Savoie is a member of the UNPO (Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization) and maintains relations with several other underrepresented and unrepresented nations.
There are 3 "arrondissements" (districts), 19 "cantons" and 285 "communes" (municipalities) in Savoie.
The following is a list of the 19 cantons of the Savoie department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of Savoie are known, in French, as "Savoyards" (women: "Savoyardes").
Savoie had a population, in 2014, of 426,924, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Chambéry, with 271,647 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants.
Seine-Maritime
Seine-et-Marne
Seine-et-Marne is a department found in the center of France in the Île-de-France region. Its prefecture is Melun and its population is about 1,260,000 (2006 estimation). It is one of the 83 first French departments made during the French revolution.
Yvelines
Yvelines is a department in the Île-de-France region. Its prefecture is Versailles. About 1,395,000 people live there (2006 estimation).
Deux-Sèvres
Deux-Sèvres is a department in western France, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.
"Deux-Sèvres" means literally "Two Sèvres": the Sèvre Nantaise and the Sèvre Niortaise; these are two rivers which flow through the department.
Deux-Sèvres is one of the 83 French departments made during the French revolution, on 4 March 1790.
The new department had six districts: Melle, Niort, Saint-Maixent, Parthenay, Thouars and Châtillon (today Mauléon). The capital (now prefecture) was Niort alternating Saint-Maixent and Parthenay but soon only Niort was the only capital.
In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the six districts were changed into four "arrondissements": Melle, Niort, Parthenay and Thouars. Thouars was changed by Bressuire in 1804.
On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissements" of Bressuire and Melle were eliminated. On 1 June 1942, Bressuire was again an "arrondissement".
The borders of the department were changed in 1973 when the inhabitants of the little commune of "Puy-Saint-Bonnet" joined the commune of Cholet in the neighbouring department of Maine-et-Loire.
Deux-Sèvres is part of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It has an area of .
The highest point of the department is "Terrier de Saint-Martin", high, in the "commune" of Saint-Martin-du-Fouilloux.
The department is bordered by the departments: Maine-et-Loire, Vienne, Charente, Charente-Maritime and Vendée.
The climate of Niort is an oceanic climate with template summers, Cfb (Marine West Coast Climate) in the Köppen climate classification.
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Niort is . The month with the most precipitation on average is September with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of .
The average temperature for the year in Niort is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .
The department is managed by the "Departamental Council of the Deux-Sèvres" in Niort. Deux-Sèvres is part of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.
There are 3 "arrondissements" (districts), 17 "cantons" and 293 "communes" (municipalities) in Deux-Sèvres.
The following is a list of the 17 cantons of the Deux-Sèvres department, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of Deux-Sèvres are known, in French, as "Deux-Sévriens" (women: "Deux-Sévriennes").
Deux-Sèvres has a population, in 2014, of 373,553, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Niort, with 212,425 inhabitants, is by far the largest. The other two, Bressuire and Parthenay, have respectively 96,703 and 64,425 inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Deux-Sèvres
The department is still a very rural area, with a large proportion of the land of the department used for farming. Wheat and oats are the main products grown, as well as potatoes, apples, and walnuts. There are many vineyards in the north.
Tarn
Tarn () is a French department in the Occitanie region in the southwest of France named after the Tarn river.
Tarn is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created from a part of the old province of Languedoc.
The new department had five districts: Albi, Castres, Lavaur, Gaillac, Lacaune. The capitals (now prefectures) were, alternatively, Albi and Castres but, from 1790 to 1797, the capital was only Albi; in 1797, the capital was moved to Castres.
In 1800, Albi became again the capital of the department and the "arrondissements" were created; the department had four "arrondissements": Albi, Castres, Gaillac and Lavaur. In 1926, the "arrondissements" of Gaillac and Lavaur were eliminated.
Tarn is part of the Occitanie region and has an area of .
The department borders with 5 departments, all in the Occitanie region:
While the valley of the Tarn river, the main river of the department, forms a plain, the central part of the department has many hills. The main mountain ranges are the Monts de Lacaune, in the southeast, and the Montagne Noire in the south.
The Monts de Lacaune ("Mountains of Lacaune") mountain range is near the town of Lacaune; its highest point, and the highest of the Tarn department, is "Puech de Rascas", (), at above sea level.
The Montagne Noire (, "Black Mountain") is a mountain range in central southern France. It is at the southwestern end of the Massif Central in the border area of the Tarn, Hérault and Aude departments. Its highest point is the Pic de Nore () at high. The mountain is within the Haut-Languedoc Regional Natural Parc ().
The main river in the department are the Tarn and its tributary, the Agout river.
The department is managed by the "Departamental Council of the Tarn" in Albi. Tarn is part of the region of Occitanie.
There are 2 "arrondissements" (districts), 23 "cantons" and 320 "communes" (municipalities) in Tarn.
The following is a list of the 23 cantons of the Tarn department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of Tarn are known, in French, as "Tarnais" (women: "Tarnaises").
Tarn has a population, in 2014, of 384,474, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Castres, with 194,373 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants. The "arrondissement" of Albi has 190,101 inhabitants.
The city with more people living in it is the capital, Albi (49,531). The subprefecture of Castres has 41,382 inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Tarn
Tarn-et-Garonne
Tarn-et-Garonne is a department in the southwest of France, in the Occitanie region. It is named after the Garonne river and its tributary Tarn. Its prefecture and largest city is Montauban.
Tarn-et-Garonne is not one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created on 4 November 1808 during the First French Empire by Napoleon I.
It was formed out of territories belonging to neighboring areas. More than half of the territory was taken from the Lot (including Montauban and Moissac), over one-third was taken from Haute-Garonne (including Castelsarrasin), and the rest from the departments of Lot-et-Garonne, Gers, and Aveyron.
The new department had three "arrondissements": Montauban, Castelsarrasin and Moissac. The prefecture was Montauban. On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Moissac was eliminated.
Tarn-et-Garonne is part of the Occitanie region. It has an area of .
The department borders with 6 departments:
The highest point in the department, at , is the Puech des Carts - Sommet Nord (), in the commune of Castanet.
Even if Tarn-et-Garonne is one of the smallest departments of Metropolitan France, there is a great diversity of landscapes in the department; for example, the plains between the Tarn and Garonne rivers and in the valley of the Aveyron river, the hills of the Lomagne region (southwest of the department) and in the north, including the "Causse" (a limestone plateau) of the northeast.
The main rivers in the department are the Garonne and its tributaries Tarn and Aveyron.
The climate of Montauban is an oceanic climate with template summers, Cfb (Marine West Coast Climate) in the Köppen climate classification.
Tarn-et-Garonne is managed by the "Departamental Council of Tarn-et-Garonne" in Montauban. The department is part of the region of Occitanie.
There are 2 "arrondissements" (districts), 15 "cantons" and 195 "communes" (municipalities) in Tarn-et-Garonne.
The following is a list of the 15 cantons of the Tarn-et-Garonne department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of Tarn-et-Garonne are known, in French, as "Tarn-et-Garonnais" (women: "Tarn-et-Garonnaises").
, Tarn-et-Garonne had a population of 252,578, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Montauban, with 175,756 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants. The "arrondissement" of Castelsarrasin has 76,822 inhabitants.
The city with more people living in it is the capital, Montauban (58,826). The subprefecture of Castelsarrasin has 13,765 inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Tarn-et-Garonne
The cities with more than 5,000 inhabitants in the department are:
Var (department)
The Var is a department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Provence in southeastern France. It takes its name from the river Var, which used to flow along its eastern border, but the border was moved in 1860.
Its prefecture is the city of Toulon.
Var is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Toulon as is capital. It was formed with part of the former province of Provence.
It was divided in nine districts: Toulon, Grasse, Hyères, Draguignan, Brignoles, Saint-Maximin, Fréjus, Saint-Paul-lès-Vence and Barjols.
The capital was moved, in 1793, from Toulon to Grasse and, in 1795, from Grasse to Brignoles. In 1797, the capital was moved again, to Draguignan.
In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the nine districts were changed into four "arrondissements": Brignoles, Draguignan, Grasse and Toulon.
On 15 June 1860, the "arrondissement" of Grasse passed to the new department of Alpes-Maritimes. With this change, the Var river does not flow any longer through the department named after it.
On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Brignoles was eliminated but in 1974 Brignoles was made again an "arrondissement" and the capital was moved from Draguignan to Toulon. The Var is the only French department that has had four different capitals: Toulon, Grasse, Brignoles and Draguignan; now Toulon is the prefecture (capital) and Brignoles and Draguignan are subprefectures. Grasse is now a subprefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes department.
During World War II, the department was occupied by the fascist Italy, from November 1942 to December 1943. In 1944, the German army occupied the territory of the Var department.
Var is part of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. It has an area of .
The department borders with 3 other departments, all in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region:
It also borders the Vaucluse department, to the nortwest, but only for a very short distance.
The highest point of the department is "Mont de Lachens" () with an altitude of high.; it is in the "commune" of Mons in the northeast of the department near the border with the Alpes-Maritimes department.
The "Îles d'Hyères" is a group of three islands off Hyères. The islands are named Porquerolles, Port-Cros, and Île du Levant. Together, they make up an area of . They can be reached by boat from either Hyères or Toulon.
The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Toulon is a "Mediterranean climate" and of the subtype "Csa".
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Toulon is . The month with the most precipitation on average is November with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of .
Var is managed by the "Departmental Council of Ardennes" in Toulon. The department is part of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region.
There are 3 "arrondissements" (districts), 23 "cantons" and 153 "communes" (municipalities) in Var.
The following is a list of the 23 cantons of the Var department, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of the Var department are known, in French, as "Varois" (women: "Varoises"),
Var had a population, in 2014, of 1,038,212, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Toulon, with 565,669 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Var
The "communes" with more inhabitants in the department are:
Vendée
Vendée is a department found in the west of France in the Pays de la Loire region. Its prefecture is La Roche-sur-Yon and its population is about 577,000 (2006 estimation). It is one of the 83 first French departments made during the French revolution.
Vienne
Vienne is a department in southwestern France in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It is named after the Vienne river, the most important river in the department.
Vienne is one of the 83 French departments made during the French revolution, on 4 March 1790. It was created from parts of the old provinces of Poitou, Touraine and Berry, until the 15th century part of the Duchy of Aquitaine.
The new department had six districts: Châtellerault, Civray, Loudun, Lusignan, Montmorillon and Poitiers. The capital (now prefecture) was Poitiers.
In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the six districts were changed into five "arrondissements": Châtellerault, Civray, Loudun, Montmorillon and Poitiers.
On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissements" of Civray and Loudun were eliminated.
Vienne is part of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It has an area of .
The highest point of the department is "Signal de Prun", high, in the "commune" of Adriers, in the Massif Central.
The department is bordered by 6 departments in three regions:
The main river in the department is the Vienne that gives its name to the department; it is one of the main tributary of the Loire river. The Vienne river flows through the department from north to south.
The climate of Poitiers is an oceanic climate with template summers, Cfb (Marine West Coast Climate) in the Köppen climate classification.
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Poitiers is . The month with the most precipitation on average is October with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is August with an average of .
The average temperature for the year in Poitiers is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .
The department is managed by the "Departamental Council of the Vienne" in Poitiers. Vienne is part of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.
There are 3 "arrondissements" (districts), 19 "cantons" and 274 "communes" (municipalities) in Vienne.
The following is a list of the 19 "cantons" of the Vienne department, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of Vienne are known, in French, as "Viennois" (women: "Viennoises").
Vienne has a population, in 2014, of 433,203, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Poitiers, with 246,038 inhabitants, is by far the largest. The other two, Châtellerault and Montmorillon, have respectively 112,313 and 74,852 inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Vienne
Haute-Vienne
Haute-Vienne () is a department of France in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It is named after the Vienne river that flows through the department.
Haute-Vienne is one of the 83 French departments made during the French revolution, on 4 March 1790. It was created from parts of the old province of Limousin, its southern half, and of the county of Marche, its northern half, as well as some parts of Angoumois and Poitou.
The new department had six districts: Limoges, Le Dorat, Bellac, Saint-Junien, Saint-Yrieix and Saint-Léonard. The capital (now prefecture) was Limoges.
In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the six districts were changed into four "arrondissements": Limoges, Bellac, Rochechouart and Saint-Yrieix.
On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Saint-Yrieix was eliminated.
Haute-Vienne is part of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It has an area of .
The department is bordered by 6 departments of 2 regions:
The department is in the nortwestern border of the Massif Central. Its altitude is high; the lowest point is in the valley of the Vienne river and the highest is in the mountains near the "Vassivière" lake. The highest point in the department is Puy de Crozat (), that is high.
The main rivers in the department are the Vienne, that gives its name to this the deparment and to Vienne, and the Gartempe, a tributary of the Creuse river.
The climate of Limoges is an oceanic climate with template summers, Cfb (Marine West Coast Climate) in the Köppen climate classification.
The department is managed by the "Departamental Council of the Haute-Vienne" in Limoges. Haute-Vienne is part of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.
There are 3 "arrondissements" (districts), 21 "cantons" and 200 "communes" (municipalities) in Haute-Vienne.
The following is a list of the 21 cantons of the Haute-Vienne department, in France, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of Haute-Vienne are known, in French, as "Haut-Viennois" (women: "Haut-Viennoises").
Haute-Vienne has a population, in 2013, of 376,199, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Limoges, with 298,578 inhabitants, is by far the largest. The other two, Bellac and Rochechouart, have respectively 39,744 and 37,877 inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Haute-Vienne
Vosges
Vosges is a department found in the east of France in the Grand Est region. Its prefecture is Épinal. Its population is about 382,000 (2006 estimation). It is one of the 83 first French departments made during the French revolution.
Yonne is a department in the centre of France, in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. The largest city in the department, and its prefecture (capital), is Auxerre.
The department is named after the Yonne river, a tributary of the Seine, that flows through the department. The Celts name of the river was "Ica-onna" () and from this name come the name of the river and of the people living in the department: "Icaunais".
During the Roman times, the main city in the territory of the present department was Sens, the capital of one Roman province.
Yonne is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Auxerre as its capital. It was formed from combined parts of the old provinces of "Burgundy", "Champagne" and "Île-de-France".
It was divided in seven districts: Auxerre, Sens, Joigny, Saint-Fargeau, Avallon, Tonnerre and Saint-Florentin.
In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the seven districts were changed into five "arrondissements": Auxerre, Avallon, Joigny, Sens and Tonnerre. On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissements" of Joigny and Tonnerre were eliminated.
Yonne is part of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. It has an area of . The highest point of the department is Bois de la Pérouse (), high.
The department borders with five departments in four regions:
The northern part of the department is formed by plains that are part of the great plain of Paris. The mountains of the "Morvan" and the hills of the "Auxerrois" (the region around the city of Auxerre) are in the southern half of the department.
The main river in the department is the Yonne, a tributary of the Seine river that flows through the department from south to north. Other rivers that flow through the department are the Armançon, Loing, Ouanne and Serein rivers.
The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Auxerre is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Maritime Temperate climate) and of the subtype "Cfb".
The average temperature for the year in Auxerre is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month, on average is January, with an average temperature of .
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Auxerre is . The month with the most precipitation on average is December with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is April with an average of .
Yonne is managed by the "Departmental Council of Yonne" in Auxerre. The department is part of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region.
There are 3 "arrondissements" (districts), 21 "cantons" and 428 "communes" (municipalities) in Yonne.
The following is a list of the 21 cantons of the Yonne department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of Yonne are known, in French, as "Icaunais" (women: "Icaunaises").
Yonne had a population, in 2014, of 341,814, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Auxerre, with 179,922 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Yonne
Zwentendorf power plant
The Zwentendorf power plant is a nuclear power plant in Zwentendorf an der Donau in Austria. It has never been used. This is because the people of Austria voted against using it in 1978.
Today, the plant is used to get replacement parts to other plants of the same type (mainly in Germany), and for staff training. It is not possible to visit the power plant. Because the nuclear power plant was never in use, a coal power plant was built in 1987 to replace it.
The plant is now owned by Austrian energy company and used as a Solar Power Plant.
Territoire de Belfort
Territoire de Belfort is a department in eastern France, in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. The largest city in the department, and its prefecture (capital), is Belfort.
The Territoire de Belfort was made a French department on 11 March 1922.
Territoire de Belfort is part of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region; it is in the northeast of the region. It has an area of , the fifth smallest department of France (after Paris and its suburbs Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis, and Val-de-Marne).
Rhw Territoire de Belfort borders with 4 departments in 2 regions:
It also borders, to the southeast, with Switzerland for a distance of about .
The highest point of the department is Ballon d'Alsace (), high, in the "Vosges Mountains", "commune" of Lepuix.
The lowest point in the department, high, is where the "Savoureuse" river leaves the department in the "commune" of Châtenois-les-Forges.
Territoire de Belfort is managed by the "Departmental Council of Territoire de Belfort" in Belfort. The department is part of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region.
There is 1 "arrondissement" (districts), 9 "cantons" and 102 "communes" (municipalities) in Territoire de Belfort.
The following is a list of the 9 cantons of the Territoire de Belfort department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of Territoire de Belfort are known, in French, as "Terrifortains" (women: "Terrifortaines").
Territoire de Belfort had a population, in 2014, of 144,334, for a population density of inhabitants/km.
Evolution of the population in Territoire de Belfort
Essonne
Essonne is a department to the south of Paris in the Île-de-France region. Its prefecture is Évry. About 1,172,000 people live there (2006 estimation).
Hauts-de-Seine
Hauts-de-Seine is a department which is the western inner suburbs of Paris in the Île-de-France region. Its prefecture is Nanterre and its population is about 1,517,000 (2006 estimation).
Seine-Saint-Denis
Seine-Saint-Denis is a department. It is in the center of France in the Île-de-France region. Its prefecture is Bobigny. About 1,459,000 people live there (2006 estimation).
Val-de-Marne
Val-de-Marne is a department in the center of France in the Île-de-France region. Its prefecture is Créteil. About 1,279,000 people live there (2006 estimation).
Val-d'Oise
Val-d'Oise is a department to the north of Paris in the Île-de-France region. Its prefecture is Cergy. About 1,139,000 people live there (2006 estimation).
Quimper
Quimper () is a town in France. It is the prefecture of the Finistère department in the Brittany region. Its population is around 65,000 (2006).
Quimper is twinned with:
Georges Cuvier
Baron Georges Léopold Chrétien Frédéric Dagobert Cuvier (23 August 1769–13 May 1832), usually called Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist.
Cuvier was a very important figure in scientific circles in Paris during the early 19th century. He helped establish the fields of comparative anatomy and paleontology by comparing living animals with fossils. He proved extinction was a fact. He was the most influential person believing in catastrophism in geology in the early 19th century. His most famous work is the "Règne animal distribué d'après son organisation" 1817; translated into English as "The Animal Kingdom".
Cuvier was a member of the elite Académie française and the French Academy of Sciences. He is remembered for strongly opposing the evolutionary theories of Lamarck and Geoffroy. Cuvier believed there was no evidence for the evolution of organic forms, but there was evidence for successive creations after catastrophic extinction events.
Some of Cuvier's most influential followers were Louis Agassiz, and Richard Owen. His is one of the 72 names inscribed on the Eiffel Tower.
He was the elder brother of Frédéric Cuvier (1773–1838), also a naturalist. Cuvier died in Paris, of cholera.
George W. Campbell
George Washington Campbell (February 9, 1769–February 17, 1848) was an American statesman. He was elected to the United States House of Representatives as the Representative from Tennessee's at-large congressional district in 1803. He served in the House from 1805-1809, in the 8th, 9th, and 10th Congresses. During the 10th Congress, he was the chairman of the Ways and Means Committee. He was also one of the managers appointed in 1804 to conduct the impeachment hearings for John Pickering, judge of the United States District Court for the District of New Hampshire, and later in the same year, the impeachment hearings against Samuel Chase, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
Born in Scotland, he immigrated to North Carolina in 1772 with his parents. He graduated from the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) in 1794 and began studying law. He was admitted to the bar in North Carolina and began practicing in Knoxville, Tennessee.
He left Congress in 1809 to become judge of the Tennessee Supreme Court, serving until 1811.
He served as a United States Senator from Tennessee twice, once from 1811 to 1814, having been elected to fill the seat of Jenkin Whiteside, and again from 1815 to 1818. His first service was from October 8, 1811 to February 11, 1814, when he resigned to accept appointment as the United States Secretary of the Treasury. He returned to the Senate on October 10, 1815. He served as the first chairman of the Senate Finance Committee and its predecessor from December 4, 1815, until his resignation from the Senate on April 20, 1818; on this occasion to accept appointment as United States Ambassador to Russia, a position he held from 1818-1821. Campbell served as a member of the French Spoliation Claims Commission in 1831.
Appointed Secretary of the Treasury by James Madison, he faced national financial disorder brought on by the War of 1812. Congress had failed to recharter the First Bank of the United States after its charter expired in 1811, and appropriations for the war were unavailable, so Campbell had to convince Americans to buy government bonds. He was forced to meet to lenders terms, selling government bonds at exorbitant interest rates. In September, 1814 the British occupied Washington, D.C. and the credit of the government was lowered even further. Campbell was unsuccessful in his efforts to raise money through additional bond sales and he resigned that October after only eight months in office, disillusioned and in bad health.
He died in 1848 and is buried at Nashville City Cemetery in Nashville, Tennessee.
Samuel Chase
Chloroform (also called trichloromethane) is a chemical substance. It is an organic compound. Chloroform is one of the intermediate substances that occur in the production of Polytetrafluoroethylene, better known as "Teflon". Chloroform is used as a solvent. In the 19th century, it was a widely used anaesthetic.
The first who reported to have produced Chloroform was the French chemist Eugène Soubeiran, in 1831. Soubeiran took acetone and ethanol, and used bleach powder for the reaction. The American physician Samuel Guthrie prepared gallons of the material and described its "deliciousness of flavor." Independently, Justus von Liebig also described it. Chloroform was named and chemically characterised in 1834 by Jean-Baptiste Dumas. Starting in the 1850s factories made large amounts. Its use as an anesthetic declined in the early 20th century as safer chemicals were more used.
Chloroform is produced by mixing methane and chlorine at a temperature of 400 to 500°C. In this reaction, the result is a mix of chloromethane, dichloromethane, trichloromethane and tetrachloromethane.
The four compounds get then separated with a distillation.
In laboratories, chloroform can be produced by mixing sodium hypochlorite and acetone together. This is an exothermic reaction, meaning it makes a lot of heat.
The main uses of Chloroform are:
Chloroform was used as an anaesthetic during childbirth and surgery, from about 1847. It replaced ether which was used before. Chloroform is very poisonous, and can cause breathing problems, and problems with the heart. Death from chloroform can come from cardiac arrest. When Chloroform is stored for a longer time period, it can decay into Phosgene. Phosgene was a chemical weapon (poison gas) used during the First World War. Chloroform can cause birth defects and lead to miscarriages. It may cause cancer.
Santa Cruz, Bolivia
Santa Cruz de La Sierra, also known as Santa Cruz, is the largest city in Bolivia, capital city of the Santa Cruz department (in the eastern region of the country). The municipality's population was 1,528,683 inhabitants , and the urban population was 1,545,161.
Santa Cruz is not only the most populated city in Bolivia, but the department is also the richest, with over 30% of the national GDP. The city is a major center of petrochemical production in Bolivia, especially because the production of natural gas that exports to neighboring countries. The main sectors that drive the economy are the oil, forestry and agrobusiness firms.
Arithmetic logic unit
In computing, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a digital circuit that performs arithmetic and logical operations. The ALU is a basic building block of the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer, even the simplest microcontrollers contain one for purposes such as timing.
Now, modern microprocessors, microcontrollers and CPUs have very powerful and very complex ALUs. Also, more recent CPUs may contain up to more than 4 ALUs (see superscalar CPUs).
Mathematician John von Neumann proposed the ALU concept in 1945.
Floating point unit
A floating point unit (FPU) is a part of a computer system specially designed to carry out operations on floating point numbers. Typical operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and square root.
Some systems can also perform more advanced functions as exponential or trigonometric functions calculations, however in most modern processors these functions are done with software library routines, not by hardware.
In most modern general purpose CPUs, one or more FPUs are integrated inside the CPU; however many embedded microcontrollers, especially older designs, do not have hardware support for floating point operations.
In the past, some systems as the Intel 8086 have implemented floating point via a coprocessor that is controlled by the CPU rather than as an integrated unit.
Most modern computers have integrated FPU hardware; but not all. In the absence of an FPU, many FPU functions can be emulated, which saves the added hardware cost of an FPU but is significantly slower.
Eating disorder
An eating disorder is when someone begins eating too much, or when someone begins to avoid eating. This affects one's mental and physical health. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are two of the most well known eating disorders today. Eating disorders affect 5-7% of American women, and only a small percent of men are affected.
Eating disorders involve more than just food. Many people with eating disorders are very sad and feel alone. They get depressed and do not want to eat in front of other people. They might use food as a way to cope, or they might restrict their food intake as a means of control. They might eat a lot of food in a very short period of time. They might throw up their food because they feel guilty. They might eat very little because they want to lose weight, even if they are already dangerously underweight (weighing less than what it is considered healthy). Even if they are underweight, they might see themselves as very fat. Many people with eating disorders suffer physical complications, like malnutrition (not getting enough nutrients that the body needs to be healthy), or electrolyte imbalances (a change in the amount of elements such as sodium or potassium that causes problems in the body's ability to work properly). Eating disorders can cause death.
On 1 December 2013 the "Daily Telegraph" reported that the number of children under thirteen treated in hospital for eating disorders in the UK had tripled.
Derealization (DR) is a change in the way someone views the world so that it seems unreal. Derealization can also make someone feel as if their environment does not have emotion or depth. This is a symptom of other problems, such as sleeping disorders, schizophrenia, and other mental disorders. It can also be caused by drug intoxication.
Similar to derealization is depersonalization, but the two are different. Depersonalization is a sense of unreality about oneself. Derealization is a sense of unreality of the outside world.
Derealization often happens during a traumatic or tragic event.
Paresthesia
Paresthesia (pron. ; paraesthesia in British English, pron. ) is a feeling of tingling, prickling, or numbness with no permanent effects. It is commonly called "pins and needles". This feeling may last a short while, or may be more long-lasting. A long-term effect means there is something wrong with neurons in the body.
An example of this can be felt when sitting cross-legged for a long time and your foot "falls asleep". The tingling feeling you get when you move is paresthesia.
Paresthesia has many known causes, including the following:
Perfectionism, in psychology, is a type of personality where there is a need for oneself or others to be the best in any given part of life. There are only two outcomes; anything less than perfect is taken to be unacceptable. The belief holds that one can achieve perfection and should aim for it. A person who believes this is called a "perfectionist".
At first, some consider perfectionism as helpful. Perfectionism can lead people to achieve great things and give them motivation. However, it is considered to be a belief that is mostly unhealthy and harmful. Perfectionism makes people set goals that are unrealistic and cannot be reached. This leads to many problems like depression, anxiety, eating disorders and low self-esteem. Perfectionism may also lead to procrastination as it allows one to avoid being less than perfect ("I can't do this project until I can do it the right way."). This can mean low productivity.
Perfectionistic behaviour is growing in the newer generation. Perfectionism has received more attention by popular sayings like “practice makes perfect”. There are also more and more people who see themselves as a perfectionist. These people also mentioned their difficulties which comes with this behaviour.
In 1978, D. E. Hamachek shows that there are two types of perfectionists: normal and neurotic. Normal perfectionists are people who set high goals for themselves. The main thing is that they are open to making some errors. Neurotic perfectionists also set high goals, but with no room for error. They view themselves strictly at all times. This makes them feel like nothing is done well enough.
Both types set high standards for themselves. This shows that the psychological problems that come with perfectionism come from viewing oneself strictly.
There are a few models of perfectionism. In 2017, Hewitt et al. released one of the most detailed models. Their Comprehensive Model of Perfectionistic Behaviour splits perfectionism into many levels of a personality style. There are three levels:
1.     Trait level
2.     Self-presentational or other-relational level
3.     Cognitive or self-relational level
The first part of this model is multiple perfectionistic traits that are linked. They include self-oriented perfectionism, socially prescribed perfectionism and other-oriented perfectionism. These are measures of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS).
The second level is concerned with the image oneself presents to others. The relational part says that rather than needing to be perfect, there is a need to only appear so. This leads to displays of perfection and hiding imperfections. They avoid making mistakes in front of others or speaking about their imperfections. This is due to a fear of being judged badly by others which will cause feelings of low self-esteem.
The cognitive part of this model refers to repeated and automatic cognitive thoughts of needing to be perfect. There is a rumination of the difference between one’s present actual self and the perfect self that one can / should be.
Early theorists suggest perfectionism as firm unrealistic goals for oneself. These clinical observations were important. However, it was not possible, to sum up perfectionism as a single term. This led Frost et al. in 1990 and in 1991, Hewitt and Flett, to come up with their own multidimensional scales of perfectionism.
Frost's Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) measures 6 different dimensions of perfectionism:
1.     Concern over mistakes (CM),
2.     Very high personal standards (PS),
3.     Views of parental expectations (PE),
4.     Views of parental criticism (PC),
5.     Doubts about one’s actions (D), and
6.     Organisation (O).
Examples of CM: “If I fail at work / school, I fail as a person”, “If I do not do as well as others, I am a worse human” and “The less mistakes I make, the more people will like me”.
Examples of PS: “If I do not set the highest standards for myself, I will end up second” and “I expect a higher performance of myself than normal people”.
Examples of PE: “My parents wants me to be the best at everything”.
Examples of PC: “I was punished if I did something less than perfect” and “I felt like I cannot meet my parent’s standards”.
Examples of D: “Feeling like a task is not done right, even though it was done very carefully”.
Examples of O: Liking to be neat and organised.
Hewitt & Flett’s MPS is a 45-item scale measuring three parts of perfectionism:
1.     Self-oriented perfectionism,
2.     Other-oriented perfectionism, and
3.     Socially prescribed perfectionism.
The difference between these parts is not behavioural displays. It is to whom perfectionism is directed to (self or others) or to whom the perfectionistic behaviour is placed by (socially prescribed).
Self-oriented perfectionism refers to the setting of impossible standards and strictly examining oneself. Although there are harmful effects, it also results in motivation by aiming to achieve perfection while avoiding failure.
Other-oriented perfectionism is placing unrealistic standards for significant others. There is a focus on others being perfect and strictly examining them. This leads to blaming, lack of trust, and unkind feelings towards others. However, this dimension may link to leadership ability and giving motivation to others.
Socially prescribed perfectionism is the believed need to achieve unrealistic standards placed by other people on oneself. As the standards placed by others are felt as too much, it may often lead to anger, anxiety and depression.
Garonne river
Physical abuse
Physical abuse is a form of abuse which causes feelings of pain, injury, or other physical suffering. Physical abuse may lead to low self-esteem and other mental problems.
Physical abuse has many forms. A few examples of physical abuse are:
Sexual abuse
Sexual abuse (also called sexual molestation) is when one person forces another person to unwillingly commit any sexual act, harassment or any sexual assault. A person who commits sexual abuse is called a molester, abuser, or sexual abuser. When a victim of sexual abuse is under the age of consent, it is known as child sexual abuse.
Sexual abuse can lead to many psychological problems, including low self-esteem, clinical depression, and other mental disorders, especially if the victim is a child and/or the abuse is severe.
Some groups of people are more likely to be sexually abused than others. It is common knowledge that girls and women are sexually abused more often than boys and men, and that abusers are usually men. Disabled people, especially disabled girls, are much more likely than non-disabled people to be sexually abused. They are often abused by authority figures in their lives, such as carers. Disabled people are more vulnerable to sexual assault for a number of reasons. People of different races have different rates of being sexually abused. African American girls and women 12 years old and older experience higher rates of sexual abuse.
Saka
The Sakas were a population of Iranian nomadic tribesmen lived in the plains of Eurasia from Eastern Europe to China, from the Old Persian Period to the Middle Persian Period. Then Turkic language speakers took their place.
The ancient Greeks called the Sakas the Scythians.
Sakas came across the river Indus and overan Sind and Saurashtra (near Gujrat) .They finally settled down in Kathiawar and malwa. They were often in war with the Satavahanas. Rudradaman, one of their best known king was the one who stopped the expansion of Sata ahana power to the north of river Narmada. The Sakas themselves could not expand to the north as they would have liked to, because Kushanas held them back.
Hill Auditorium
Goulburn, New South Wales
Goulburn is a city in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. It is 190 km south-west of Sydney on the Hume Highway. It is 690 metres above sea-level. In 2006 there were 20,127 people living in Goulburn. Goulburn calls itself as "Australia's first inland city". The city of Bathurst also claims to be the first inland city in Australia.
Goulburn was named by James Meehan after Henry Goulburn, a British politician. The Governor Lachlan Macquarie approved the choice of name. The Aboriginal name for Goulburn is Burbong. This is a Murring/Wiradjuri word meaning a special place.