AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The term was invented in the United States. However, most countries have politicians and soldiers and people who make weapons and other military supplies; thus they have a military-industrial complex.
When there is a military-industrial complex, problems can happen. The government can become corrupt. A business might want the country to be at war because they make more money during war than during times of peace.
President of the United States Dwight D. Eisenhower used the term in his farewell speech—the last speech he gave while he was the President. He said, "we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex." This was a warning. It means that people should be careful or the military-industrial complex will get too much power.
Today, the term is used a lot by people writing and talking about politics. Especially when the subject is militarism in the United States. It also appears in discussions about private military companies—businesses that commonly employ soldiers who have left the military.
Organization (British English: Organisation) is the idea of putting things together in a logical order. The verb is "to organize".
An organization is a group of people who work together. Organizations exist because people working together can achieve more than a person working alone.
To make sure people work together, organizations usually have leaders.
Heidelberg (Alemannic German: "Heidelbärg") is a city by the Neckar river in the south-west of Germany in the state of Baden-Württemberg.
It has about 150,000 inhabitants and a well-known university. The old town and the castle of Heidelberg are well-known tourist attractions of Germany.
Heidelberg has an oceanic climate ("Cfb" in the Köppen climate classification).
Göttingen is a city in the centre of Germany, in the state of Lower Saxony. It has a population of about 129,000 people and one of the first universities in Germany.
It was first mentioned in 992 AD.
Trevor Hemmings
Trevor James Hemmings CVO (born 11 June 1935) is a British billionaire businessman. He lives in the Isle of Man.
He who owns several race horses and the holiday company Pontins. He also owns Littlewoods, Blackpool Tower and has a £150 million stake in Scottish and Newcastle.
One of his horses, ""Hedgehunter"", won the 2005 Grand National at Aintree.
Karlsruhe (South Franconian: "Kallsruh", Alemannic German: "Karlsrueh" or "Chaarlsruei") is a city in the south-west of Germany, in the state of Baden-Württemberg.
As of 2016, Karlsruhe has about 308,000 people.
The city lies on the eastern shore of the Rhine River and has a technical university.
France is close by, on the other side of the Rhine River, a few km to the south.
Karlsruhe is the seat of the Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court of Germany).
The city was the capital of the former "Grand Duchy of Baden".
Wuppertal is a city in the west of Germany, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
It neighbours Düsseldorf.
Wuppertal has about 360,000 inhabitants and a university.
A well-known tourist attraction is the Wuppertal Schwebebahn, a tram hanging at a steel way 10 m over the river-ground.
Bielefeld (; Low German: "Builefeld") is a city in northwest Germany, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
Bielefeld has about 327,000 people living there and a university.
Maastricht (Limburgish: "Mestreech") is a city in the south of the Netherlands. It is the capital city of the province of Limburg.
About 120,000 people live there.
Maastricht has an airport and a university (Maastricht University).
The first settlement in that region was founded in the Stone age about 25000 years ago, the first permanent settlement was founded by the Celts about 500 B.C. Maastricht got City Rights in 1204. Since 1815, after the Napoleonic Wars, Maastricht belongs to the Netherlands. The European Contract of 1992 was signed in Maastricht, the so-called Treaty of Maastricht.
The first settlement was about 25000 years ago. Real permanent settlements (and not just hunter gatherers) were founded at least as early as 5000 B.C. 4000 years after that, the Celts built a settlement in Maastricht. They presumably worshipped a "River God". A Roman city was built around 0 AD, making Maastricht the oldest city of the Netherlands (together with Nijmegen). In this time, Maastricht was called "Trajectum ad Mosam". This means "Road across the Maas". A Roman bridge in Maastricht connected the west with the east, making Maastricht a very strategic point. This bridge - located at Eksterstraat - collapsed in the 13th century, and was replaced by the famous St. Servaas bridge.
In the early middle-ages Maastricht was very important in the spreading of Christianity in the Netherlands. In the 4th century, the bishop St. Servaas was the first bishop in the Netherlands, and the Onze Lieve Vrouwekerk (which also is the oldest still standing building in the Netherlands) could be described as the root of Christianity in the Netherlands. Servaas' remains are still kept in Maastricht in a tomb.
Maastricht received its City Rights fairly early, in 1204. It was of strategic importance during the Eighty Years War and the Napoleonic Wars. Therefore, Maastricht has two forts; "Fort St. Pieter" and "Fort St. Jan". Maastricht also had city walls. Remains of those walls can still be seen today (notably the "Helpoort" is one the few still standing City Ports).
In the beginning of the 20th century, Maastricht was an industrial city, with many factory's. Jan Pieter Minckeleers - a scientist from Maastricht - was the first to discover Coal Gas, making the first city lights available. In 1940, Maastricht was conquered by the German forces. However, many paintings were hidden in the caves at Sint Pietersberg - a steep hill in the south-west of Maastricht. Even De Nachtwacht was hidden there. Maastricht was liberated on 14 September 1944. In 1992 Maastricht was the host-city for the 1992 European Treaty, where the EU was officially formed and a decision was made about the Euro.
Maastricht is located on both sites of the river Maas in the south-east of The Netherlands and the south-west of the province of Limburg. Maastricht lies in a valley, the Maasvalley, so hills surround the city. On the south-west of the city, the famous "St. Pietersberg" is located. On the western edge of the city, there is no space between the city and the Belgian border. On the east, is the "Savelsbos" (a forest). Neighbouring municipality's are Eijsden and Visé (B) in the south, Lanaken (B) and Riemst (B) in the west, Meerssen and Valkenburg in the north, and Margraten in the east.
The city can easily be reached. There is a highway (A2; E25) running from the south to the north (within the Netherlands, this highway runs from Eijsden to Amsterdam). Another highway also begins in Maastricht, the A79 (going to the east). Maastricht has two train stations ("Maastricht" and "Maastricht Randwyck"). Trains are going to Amsterdam, Heerlen, Roermond, and Brussels (B). Plans are made to re-establish the old train route to Lanaken (B). If this connections is to be made again, Maastricht will be accessible from all directions by train.
A few kilometres north of Maastricht, is the Maastricht Aachen Airport. That's the second airport of The Netherlands.
Maastricht is divided into many areas. The areas "Heer", "Amby", "St. Pieter", and "Wolder" used to be individual villages, but are now (for a few decades) part of Maastricht. According to the Dutch central bureaus of statistics ("Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek; CBS"), Maastricht can be divided into seven larger districts. These are:
Higher education and research
Utrecht (city)
Utrecht is a city in the Netherlands. It has about 290,000 inhabitants and a university (Utrecht University). It is the fourth largest city in the country. One of the main sights is the Domkerk, a cathedral that was built between 1321 and 1382. In of a storm in 1674, part of the cathedral was destroyed. This part was never rebuilt, so now the tower is separate from the rest of the church.
Groningen (city)
Groningen is a city in the north of the Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of Groningen. It has about 190,000 inhabitants and a university, called the University of Groningen.
Since 2019, Haren and Ten Boer have been part of the municipality of Groningen.
Eindhoven is a city in the south of the Netherlands. It is in the Noord-Brabant province. It has about 230,000 inhabitants and a well-known football team called P.S.V. Eindhoven.
Nijmegen
Nijmegen is a city in Gelderland in the east of the Netherlands. It has about 160,000 inhabitants and a university, called Radboud University Nijmegen.
Leiden
Leiden is a city in South Holland in the Netherlands. It has about 120,000 inhabitants and a very old university (Leiden University).
Apeldoorn
Tilburg
Tilburg is a city in the south of the Netherlands. About 220,000 people live there.
Tilburg is famous for its Schrobbeler, an alcoholic drink.
Tilburg University is in Tilburg.
Zwolle, Netherlands
Zwolle is a city and municipality in the east of the Netherlands. As of 2021, about 130,000 people are living there.
Zwolle is the capital of the province of Overijssel.
Haiphong
Haiphong is a city in the north of Vietnam.
It has about 400,000 inhabitants and a marine harbor.
About 1,700,000 people live in the district of Haiphong.
Haiphong is 120 km away from Hanoi.
Oldenburg (city)
Oldenburg (Low Saxon: "Ollnborg", Low Saxon spelling: "Ollenborg") is a city in the north of Germany, in the state of Lower Saxony. It was formerly the capital of the old Grand Duchy of Oldenburg.
It has about 160,000 inhabitants and a university.
Braunschweig
Braunschweig (English: "Brunswick") is a city in the north of Germany, in the state of Lower Saxony.
It was probably founded in the 9th century. It has about 245,000 inhabitants and a technical university.
Kos is a Greek island, belonging to the Dodecanese island group in the Aegean Sea.
About 30,000 people live on Kos, 16,000 of them in the island capital Kos City in the west of the island.
There is an international airport near Antimachia in the middle of the island and a sea harbour in Kos City.
Kos Island's main industry is tourism. About 300,000 tourists take rooms on Kos every year and a lot of tourists take a one-day trip to Kos from neighboring islands or the Turkish coast. 17 km overseas lies Bodrum, Turkey.
People have lived on Kos since the 15th century BC, maybe longer.
Until the 4th century BC the capital of the island was in the west of it, near Kefalos. After an earthquake it moved to Kos City.
Later the Hellenics, then the Romans and the Byzantines got the island.
The Knights of St. John built great forts on Kos, in Kos City and near Antimachia.
The Turkish took over Kos in 1523.
From 1912 to 1943 the Dodecanese islands belonged to Italy, from 1943 to 1945 to the Germans, and from 1945 to 1946 the British ruled them. Since 1946 they belong to Greece.
The most important tourist attraction is the Askelepsion, an old temple for the Greek god Askelapsios. It was built between the 5th and the 1st century BC.
The physician Hippocrates was from Kos.
Crete is the largest of the Greek islands. It separates the Aegean Sea from the rest of the Mediterranean Sea.
Like the Fertile Crescent, Crete had rich soil, a warm climate, and plenty of water. With less time spent fighting to live, the Cretans began to make complicated things. From the wild crocus flowers which covered their island, the Cretans collected saffron used in yellow dye, in food, and in medicine. From the Egyptians, they received rich cloth and jewels. From the Hittites, they learned how to use iron. From the wealthy Lydians, they learned to use money. From Phoneicia, the Cretans received the alphabet which is used today.
In various later centuries the island was ruled in turn by ancient Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Venetians, Turks, and modern Greeks.
Cretans chose kings to rule over them for seven years each. The king was known as "Minos", and the people "Minoans". The capital of Crete was Knossos (nos' us). Beautiful friezes (decorating bands) were on the walls. The symbol of the double-ax was used, and is thought to represent the power of a king. The throne was only a seat with a high back, and the nobles had only benches to sit on. However, the benches were covered with red and white plaster. On the walls were painted fish, dolphins, and seaweed. The queen had her own private staircase so she could go upstairs without bothering the men. Several rooms in the palace had jars which were six feet tall, and were used to keep wheat, oil, dye and other things.
On Crete the Minoan Culture started 4700 years ago. The palace of Knossos is well-known and is a labyrinth. Visitors were lost in the labyrinth unless they used a string behind them to find their way back. In this place, it was said that a Minotaur, half bull and half man, lived. Every year seven young men and seven girls were sacrificed to the Minotaur. Many scholars think sacrifices to a bull were made because the Cretans thought the sound of an earthquake was an angry bull.
The Cretans also worshiped the Great Mother Cybele, or Snake Goddess. Often, her picture was carved in statues with gold decorations and with snakes curled around the arms. Snakes were thought to protect houses, so each home had a special room for snakes. Sometimes a little table with grooves cut into it was put in a comfortable place so snakes could sip some milk from a cup.
The Cretans loved games, food, athletics, music, and beautiful clothes. They were the first people to build stone theaters where many people were amused by parades and music. Girls could even help bullfighters. In bullfighting, the Minoans did not kill the bull, but the male fighter had to grab the horns of an attacking bull, throw himself on the back of the animal, and then land on the ground; the girl helped the bullfighter keep his balance.
Women wore long, full skirts with very tiny waists, complicated hairstyles, and lots of jewelry. The men wore small belts around their waists. They shaved with stones, rubbed their teeth with pumice stone, and had their body hair burnt by a barber.
The Cretans ate fish, birds, and beef. They had barley cooked in many ways and ate lots of cheese, nuts, and honey. They thought only uncivilized people drank cow's milk, so they drank goat's milk instead. The Cretans sang, played games, and guessed riddles. Even though they ate with their fingers, they had the food cut into tiny pieces before it was served.
The Cretans were peaceful people without fortifications to protect them from an attack. In about 1450 B.C., the Greek Mycenaeans captured Crete, after Knossos, Crete's capital, had been shaken by an earthquake.
Rhodes is a Greek island, belonging to the Dodecanese island group. In Greek it is called "Rhodos".
The largest cities are Rhodes City in the north and Lindos in the south-east.
About 120,000 people live on Rhodes. It has an international airport in Paradisi in the north, near to Rhodes (city).
First settlement were on Rhodes at the 16th century before Christ.
Rhodes was an important Fort for the Knights of St. John in their war against the Turkish invasion. In 1644 the Turkish occupied Rhodes.
1912 Italy won the Dodecanese from Turkey, 1943 the German took them over, 1945 the British. Since 1946 the Islands belong to Greece.
Rhodes lives mostly on tourism industry now.
During antiquity, Rhodes was an ancient Greek state. Rhodes' people belonged to the Greek race of Dorians. In those days there were three important towns in the island - Lindos, Kameiros and Ialysos. Later, during the fourth century B.C., Rhodes city was founded. Between the third and first century B.C. Rhodes was a powerful state.
In the first century, Rhodes was conquered by the Romans. Later it came under Byzantine rule. In the Middle Ages, it was conquered by the Knights of St. John, who were crusaders. They built the big castles in the city of Rhodes. Later, it came under Turkish rule, Italian rule and in the year 1946 was united with Greece.
Tenerife is one of the seven Canary Islands. It is part of the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, the capital of the province being on the island. The other province in the canary Islands is Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. With 899.833 inhabitants, Tenerife is the most populated island of the Canary Islands and Spain.
The flag adopted by the island is that of a white St Andrew's cross on a navy blue background this is due to St Andrew being the patron saint of the island.
Geologically it grew up from a volcano, the Teide. This volcano has had many violent eruptions over its very long history, the most recent of those eruptions took place in 1909.
Island capital is Santa Cruz de Tenerife, other important cities are Puerto de la Cruz, La Orotava, Arona, Adeje and San Cristóbal de La Laguna, all in the north of the island. Also important town of Candelaria, where they worship the patron saint of the Canary Islands, the Virgin of Candelaria.
The island is currently dependent on the tourism industry for much of its income.
Tenerife has two international airports, one in the south near the centres of tourism in Playa de Las Americas, Costa Adeje and Los Cristianos, and one in the north near Santa Cruz, which is where the world's worst plane disaster happened on March 27, 1977. Two Boeing 747 planes collided on the runway and killed 583 people.
The biggest tourist attractions are the volcano Teide (top is more than 3,000 m above sea level) and the Loro Parque in Puerto de la Cruz.
Majorca (or Mallorca) is a Spanish island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is one of the Balearic Islands. About 869,067 people (as of January 1, 2010) live on Mallorca, making it the second most populated island of Spain. Palma de Mallorca is the capital of Mallorca. Palma has a population of 375,000. Mallorca has one international airport and one university. The economy of the island depends on the tourism industry.
Other important cities in Mallorca are Calvià (43.499), Manacor (35.908), Llucmajor (29.891), Marratxí (28.237), Inca (26.504), Felanitx (16.566), Pollença (15.987), Alcúdia (15.897) and Sóller (12.521).
Huế is a city and a district in Central Vietnam. About 200,000 people live in the city of Huế. From 1802 to 1945 Huế was the capital city of Vietnam under the Nguyen Dynasty. Today people can visit the Imperial City, where the Nguyen emperors lived and ruled, and the tombs of the Nguyen emperors. Huế has an Medicinical University and is the seat of an archebishop.
The city is famous for food that is unique to the city, especially the dish bun bo Hue.
It was also the place where the Battle of Huế was fought, which was one of the longest and deadliest battles in the Vietnam War.
Nha Trang
Da Nang
Da Nang is the biggest city in central Vietnam and the fourth largest city in Vietnam. It has about 870,000 people (2010). It is a popular city for tourism because of its beaches. Nearby is Hoi An, a popular tourist town, and Hue, Vietnam's former capital. Its airport, Da Nang International Airport, used to also be used as as airbase to fight against North Vietnam and the Viet Cong during the Vietnam War.
Rostock
Rostock ( ]) is a city in the northeast of Germany. It is in the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.
It has over 200,000 people (204,260 in December 2011) and an old university (founded in 1419). The town is on the river Warnow. The mayor is Roland Methling. The city today carries the name "Hansestadt" (Hanseatic city) in memory of its history, where it has been an important part of the Hanseatic League. The architecture of the city and the region is influenced by this historic period.
Rostock is on the Baltic Sea. It has an important harbor. A district of the city, Warnemünde, is famous for its long beaches. It has a humid continental climate ("Dfb" in the Koeppen climate classification).
The most important football club of Rostock is F.C. Hansa Rostock. It is in the German Bundesliga.
Other major Hanseatic cities today are: Hamburg, Lübeck, Wismar, Stralsund, Bremen, Greifswald and Demmin.
Ingolstadt
Ingolstadt ( , ; Bavarian: "Inglstod" ] or "Ingoistod", Latin: "Auripolis") is a city in the German state of Bavaria near Munich. It is on the Danube river and has about 127,000 inhabitants.
In 1472, Bavaria's first university was founded in Ingolstadt. The Bavarian "Reinheitsgebot", a regulation about the purity of beer, was started there in 1516. The car manufacturer Audi has its main base in Ingolstadt.
Ingolstadt is also the setting of Mary Shelley's famous novel "Frankenstein".
Jena is a city in the middle of Germany, in the state of Thuringia.
About 103,000 people live there. Jena has a university called Friedrich Schiller University.
Jena partly lies in the middle hall valley between from mixed woodlands covered shelly limestone and sandstone slopes (geological phenomena are among other things the devil holes and the student chute). On them numerous partially rare Orchideenarten occurs. From north to south Jena is wide, and from east to west . The following larger cities are close to Jena: Gera, approx. east, Erfurt, approx. west, Weimar, approx. west, Naumburg (Saale), approx. northeast, is (Saale), to approx. northeast, Leipzig, approx. northeast and Chemnitz, approx. east, Rudolstadt, approx. south.
Paderborn (Low German: "Patterbuorn", "Paterboärn") is a city in the middle west of Germany, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The name of the city derives from the river Pader and "born", an old German term for the source of a river. The river Pader originates in more than 200 springs near Paderborn Cathedral.
It has about 150,338 inhabitants and a university.
Paderborn has got a football club in the first mens league in Germany (SC Paderborn 07) and a basketball team in the 2nd German league (Paderborn Baskets).
Pope John Paul II visited Paderborn in 1996 and Pope Leo III visited Paderborn in 799.
Paderborn has got a very big cathedral. It was built by Charlemagne ("Karl der Große").
Darmstadt
Kassel is a city in Germany, in the state of Hessen.
It has about 195,000 inhabitants and a university.
Every 5 years there is an international arts exhibition "documenta" in Kassel. The best football team KSV Hessen Kassel plays in the Regionalliga, the fourth Division in Germany.
Cottbus
Cottbus (Low Sorbian: "Chóśebuz", Upper Sorbian: "Choćebuz") is a city in the east of Germany, in the state of Brandenburg.
Cottbus has about 105,000 inhabitants and is the second largest city after Potsdam in Brandenburg. It lies southeast of Berlin on the River Spree. There are two universities, the Brandenburgische Technische Universität (BTU) and the Hochschule Lausitz.
Mönchengladbach
Mönchengladbach (Low Franconian: "Jlabbach", "Jelabbach") is a city in the very west of Germany, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
It is 35 km from Düsseldorf and 15 km from the Netherlands away.
It has about 260,000 inhabitants and a well-known soccer team, Borussia Mönchengladbach.
Regensburg ( ]; Czech: "Řezno", ]; Bavarian: "Rengschburg", alternate name: "Rengschbuach" ]) is a city in the south of Germany, in the east of the state of Bavaria.
It has about 138,000 inhabitants and a university.
Konrad of Megenberg died in the city in 1374.
Mannheim (Palatine German: "Mannem", also "Monnem") is a city in the south-west of Germany, in the north-west of the German state of Baden-Württemberg.
The city was built in the Rhine River valley where the Rhine and the Neckar Rivers meet. The city of Ludwigshafen is on the opposite bank of the Rhine. Mannheim and Ludwigshafen together with Heidelberg and other cities make a big area called "Rhine-Neckar-Area" or "Rhein-Neckar Triangle". Nearly 2.4 million people live in this area.
About 294,000 people live in the city. Mannheim is the biggest city in "Rhine-Neckar-Area". It has an oceanic climate ("Cfb" in the Koeppen climate classification).
Mannheim has universities. The city has a history of important transport inventions. The first automobile, tractor and draisine (or velocipede, as the earliest recognisable bicycles were called) were all made or presented for the first time in Mannheim.
During World War II almost all of the old city was destroyed. The houses were built again after the war. Year 2007 was the city's 400th birthday.
Mannheim is now an important city because of its business power and culture. It has very good transport connections, by road, rail and water.
Kaiserslautern (; Palatine German: "Lautre") is a city in the southwest of Germany, in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate.
It has about 100,000 inhabitants, a university and a well-known soccer team.
Dordrecht
Dordrecht is a city in the Netherlands, in the province South Holland.
Dordrecht was founded in 1047 and got its City Rights in 1220. It was the first city in the west of the Netherlands to get City Rights.
In 1572 the Dutch Dukes under Willem van Oranien declared their independence from Spain in Dordrecht.
Dordrecht has about 120,000 inhabitants. It has a marine harbor, metal and food industry.
's-Hertogenbosch
's-Hertogenbosch () is a municipality in the Netherlands, and also the capital of the province of North Brabant. It is in the southern Netherlands, south of Amsterdam.
In 2015, Maasdonk became a part to 's-Hertogenbosch.
Razorlight are an Anglo-Swedish indie rock band. They formed in 2002.
Razorlight are best known for the songs "Golden Touch", "Somewhere Else" and "In the Morning".
Gran Canaria
Gran Canaria is one of the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean.
The capital and biggest city is Las Palmas de Gran Canaria in the north of the island. Economical centre (tourism) of the island is in the south. Gran Canaria is the second most populous island of the Canary Islands, after Tenerife.
Gran Canaria lives - like most of the Canary Islands - mainly on tourism, although Las Palmas does have one of the most important ports in the Atlantic.
The touristic centres Maspalomas and Playa del Ingles in the south are especially popular.
The climate varies very little through the year. Gran Canaria is very popular for its party tourism.
The international airport is farther north.
The administration of the Canary Islands is shared between Tenerife and Gran Canaria.
Bremerhaven (Low German: "Bremerhoben") is a city in the north of Germany, in the state of Bremen. It is where the rivers Weser and Geeste meet.
Bremerhaven has more than 115,000 people. It lives mostly on its marine industry. The city was founded in 1827.
A city called Geestemünde was founded in 1847 as a "rival" of Bremerhaven. Some villages around Bremerhaven are older.
Geestemünde and Lehe were joined together in 1927 to Wesermünde. Wesermünde and Bremerhaven were unified in 1939 to Wesermünde. After the Second World War the city was called Bremerhaven.
Bremerhaven was one of the important harbours of emigration in Europe. In 2005 a museum of emigration opened in Bremerhaven (the "Deutsches Auswanderhaus").
Bremerhaven has a railway station Bremerhaven Hauptbahnhof that opened in 1914. It was in Geestemünde in 1862. It was the first railway station in the area.
Bremerhaven has an oceanic climate ("Cfb" in the Köppen climate classification).
Jamie Oliver
Jamie Oliver MBE (James Trevor Oliver, born 27 May 1975) is a British celebrity chef, restaurateur, and media personality. He is known for his television shows, cookbooks and restaurants. He has highlighted the need for improved cooking in schools and hospitals.
Oliver was born in the village of Clavering in Essex, where he still lives. His parents run a bar/restaurant where he practised cooking as a youngster.
He was educated in Newport Free Grammar School. He graduated at the age of sixteen with two GCSE qualifications in geology and art. He went on to attend the Westminster Catering College, which is now known as the Westminster Kingsway College. From there he earned what is known as a City & Guilds NVQ (National Vocational Qualification) in home economics.
Oliver’s first job was a pastry chef at Antonio Carluccio’s Neal’s Yard Restaurant, where he prepared his first Italian cuisine therefore gaining good, helpful experience. He also developed a great relationship with his mentor Gennaro Contaldo. Later on in his career, he offered Contaldo an employment where he could help run Oliver’s thriving selection of High Street restaurants, Jamie’s Italian. Then Oliver became a sous chef of The River Café in Fulham.
In 2005, Oliver started his 'school dinners' campaign to improve the quality of food fed to pupils in schools. At the time it was a controversial shake-up for students and parents, Many of whom preferred food from fast food outlets ("junk food"). Some thought the students should have a healthy option available, but still be allowed to choose what they wanted to eat.
In a four-part documentary TV series Oliver ran the kitchen meals in Kidbrooke School, Greenwich, for a year. He was disgusted by the unhealthy food being served to schoolchildren, and the lack of healthy alternatives on offer. His campaign to improve the standard of Britain’s school meals eventually persuaded the British Government to spend £280m on school dinners.
Neuss
Neuss (Low Franconian and Ripuarian: "Nüüs", Latin: "Novaesium"; officially written in Neuß until 1968) is a city in the west of Germany, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. In the local dialect it is called "Nüss" or Neuß. Neuss has about 150,000 inhabitants. It is on the Rhine, opposite the big city of Düsseldorf.
Neuss was founded by the Romans about 2,000 years ago. The Romans called the town "Castra Novesia".
Oberhausen
Giessen
Gießen or Giessen is a city in the German state of Hesse.
It is north of Frankfurt. Giessen has about
73,000 inhabitants. The university of Giessen has about 20,000 students.
The German word "Giessen" means "to pour" in English, as "to pour a glass of water." The city is on the banks of the Lahn River, and it is surrounded by many lakes and streams.
Universities in Gießen are the "University of Gießen" and the "University of Applied Sciences Gießen-Friedberg"
Ludwigshafen
Ludwigshafen am Rhein (literally: "Ludwigshafen on the Rhine"), commonly referred to as "Ludwigshafen", is to Mannheim the second largest city of the Metropolregion Rhein-Neckar.
Ludwigshafen is independent of the local district government, but is administrative seat of the surrounding district.
Ludwigshafen lies on the westbank of the Rhine River.
As one of the five upper centers of the country Rhineland-Palatinate Ludwigshafen forms the core of the European Metropolregion Rhine Neckar triangle together with its neighbour city of Baden-Wuerttemberg Mannheim. Further nearer-lying large cities are Heidelberg (about 25 km southeast), Karlsruhe (about 50 km south) and Mainz (about 60 km north).
The number of people of the city of Ludwigshafen on the Rhine exceeded the 100,000 by the year 1925. Nowadays it has about 160,000 people, who lives mostly on the chemical industry.
Krefeld
Krefeld (until November 25, 1925 - "Crefeld") is a city in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, near Düsseldorf.
Krefeld has about 235,000 inhabitants.
Zwickau
Zwickau (Thurginian-Upper Saxon dialect: "Zwigge") is a city in the German state of Saxony. It has under 100,000 inhabitants.
Anton Praetorius
Anton Praetorius (1560 in Lippstadt – 6 December 1613 near Heidelberg) was a German Calvinist pastor, theologian and writer.
Anton Praetorius was the son of Matthes Schulze. He later changed his name to "Praetorius".
Praetorius wrote a poem about the Heidelberg Wine Barrel in the Heidelberg Castle in city of Heidelberg in October 1595.
In 1596 he worked as a pastor in the church in Birstein near Frankfurt am Main in Hesse. There Praetorius worked for a prince and wrote church songs and books of religion in the year 1597.
Praetorius fought against torture and against the hunting of witches. Some women were accused of being witches. People thought that witches can do harm to others. So these women were arrested and put in prison.
In 1597 Anton Praetorius protested against the torture of women accused of witchcraft.
Praetorius was so shocked about the torture of the accused woman that he demanded a stop. His protest was successful.
In 1598 he wrote a book to protest against torture and the prosecution of witches. The book was published again in 1602, 1613 and in 1629. Praetorius described the terrible situation of the prisoners and protested against torture.
Praetorius was a Protestant minister. He believed that man can do either good or bad things. However, God chooses certain people to do certain things. Those things can be good or bad. According to Praetorius, witchcraft can only be a fall from the favour of God, and a pact with the devil. But, neither the devil nor sorcerers can do more than is in their nature (and predestination). God will punish those who are witches or sorcerers. This however, does not give human courts a right to put those to death, they believe are guilty of the crime of witchcraft. For Praetorius, witchcraft cannot exist, because it is beyond the faculties of either man or the devil. It is also against Nature.
Hagen
Hagen is a city in the Arnsberg Government Region in the Ruhr area in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany.
It has about 196,000 inhabitants.
Some localities of Hagen:
Hamm
Hamm (Latin: "Hammona") is a city in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is part of the Arnsberg Government Region
It has about 185,000 inhabitants.
Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia
Herne is a German city, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, belonging to the Ruhr area. It is part of the Arnsberg Government Region
It has about 170,000 inhabitants.
Mülheim
Mülheim an der Ruhr (Low German and Low Franconian: "Mölm", Ripuarian: "Müllem") is a city in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, belonging to the Ruhr area.
Around 170,000 people live there.
Solingen
Solingen is a city in Germany, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is near Düsseldorf and Wuppertal.
Solingen has about 165,000 inhabitants.
Europa (moon)
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Europa is a large moon of the planet Jupiter. It is a little smaller than Earth's Moon and it is the sixth largest moon in the solar system.
Europa's diameter is about 3000 kilometers. It probably has an iron core, and an atmosphere that's mostly oxygen. The surface is icy and very smooth. There are not a lot of craters, but there are some cracks and lines. Because the surface is so young and smooth, scientists believe that there is a liquid ocean under the surface, a so-called subsurface (below the surface) ocean, and that it is kept warm by tidal heating. In other words, Jupiter's strong gravitational pull on Europa makes it warm.
The moon Europa was found by Simon Marius in December 1609. Galileo Galilei first saw the moon in January 1610 (he did not know Marius had found it). Simon Marius was the one who had the idea of the name 'Europa'.
The moon Europa is named after a princess from Greek mythology who became the first queen of Crete. However, people usually called Europa 'Jupiter II' until the middle of the 20th century.
Keane are an English rock band. They started in East Sussex. They are known for using pianos and their little use of guitars in their music. They listen to artists like The Beatles, U2 and Oasis.
Tim Rice-Oxley and Dom Scott composed the songs that the band played from 1997 to 2001. When Dom left in 2001, Tim composed all the future songs.
Pianist Tim Rice-Oxley and singer Tom Chaplin were friends since they were kids. Rice-Oxley's brother was born on the same day and hospital in 1979.
They studied at Vinehall School and later at Tonbridge School. There, they met the other member of the band, Richard Hughes.
Tim made the band in 1995 with his friend Dominic Scott. They named the band "The Lotus Eaters". They changed their name to "Cherry Keane" in 1997, when Chaplin entered the band. Cherry Keane was a woman who served tea at Tim and Tom's school. The name changed again to "Keane". In an interview on 2006, Rice-Oxley said that the band was called Coldplay, but he gave this name to a friend (Chris Martin, of Coldplay).
Keane began playing songs by other artists, but soon they wanted to play their own songs.
Their first live performance (gig) was in 1998, at the "Hope & Anchor" pub (bar) in England.
They made 2 CDs and sold at the pubs where they played. Scott left the band in 2001. Tim wrote "Everybody's Changing" for this.
In December 2002, Simon Williams of Fierce Panda went to a Keane gig in and he offered to make the band's next and first commercial single (song), "Everybody's Changing".
The single was released on 2003.
After another single, in 2004, Island Records invited Keane to make a single with them. "Everybody's Changing" was made after "Somewhere Only We Know". An album was released in May and called "Hopes And Fears". The album was very successful and it was the second best-seller album of the year.
The album sold five million (5,000,000) copies. In 2006, they competed for a Grammy but they lost.
Keane began recording their second album, "Under the Iron Sea", in 2005, with producer Andy Green.
The first two singles from the album were "Atlantic" and "Is It Any Wonder?". Now, the album has sold one million (2,000,000) copies in the world.
Their third album is called "Perfect Symmetry" produced with Island Records. It was released 13 October 2008 to favourable reviews. According to international Island Records manager, Jon Turner, "the general international feel is of excitement and 'Spiralling' is a favourite track of the US company.". The album included the singles "Spiralling", "The Lovers Are Losing", "Perfect Symmetry" and "Better Than This".
The band's fourth album was released in May 2012 through Island Records. It went straight to No.1 in the UK Albums Chart. It included the singles "Silenced By The Night", "Disconnected", "Sovereign Light Cafe" and "Black Rain". The album cover is photographed in Bexhill-On-Sea in East Sussex, which is where the Sovereign Light Cafe is located and where the video for "Sovereign Light Cafe" was filmed.
The band's fifth album after a five year hiatus released on September 20th 2019. The band got together in 2018 and started to work on a new album after Rice-Oxley had been through a divorce and Chaplin had been through therapy for addiction. It included the singles "The Way I Feel", "Love Too Much" and "Stupid Things". It reached number 2 in the charts.
This is a list of Keane's equipment.
Keane releases:
Keane have won the following awards:
Tim Rice-Oxley
Timothy James Rice-Oxley (born 2 June 1976, in Oxford, England) is an English musician. He is the pianist of rock band Keane. He plays piano and bass. He also writes the songs for the band.
He took piano lessons which he hated. This because he had to play classic music and he thought it was boring. Later, he began playing the piano listening to The Beatles. In 2004, he won the Ivor Novello award for Best composer of the year.
In 1995, his friend Dominic Scott told him to make a band. The band was called "The Lotus Eaters". They asked Richard Hughes to play the drums. Tom Chaplin would play bass. Rice-Oxley and Chaplin had been friends since they were children. In 1997, Rice-Oxley asked Chaplin to sing. The band changed its name to "Keane". When Scott left the band in 2001, Rice-Oxley started playing piano again and recording bass separately. He still does that.
Rice-Oxley married in February 2005.
"Complete list: Equipment list"<br>
Tom Chaplin
Thomas "Tom" Oliver Chaplin (born 8 March 1979) is the singer of the rock band Keane. He comes from Battle, East Sussex.
He went to Tonbridge school with his friend Tim Rice-Oxley. There they met Richard Hughes and Dominic Scott. He was invited to join the band in 1997, when the name "The Lotus Eaters" was changed to "Cherry Keane".
When the band moved to London trying to get a record deal, Tom left his Art History studies at the Edinburgh University in 1999 to join the band. With Scott in the band as the lead guitarist, Tom played the acoustic guitar. After Scott left in 2001, he took the lead vocals, but also plays the keyboard on some songs. Since Scott left, the band has not used guitars, with their first album using only keyboards, drums and vocals.
Chaplin also took part in Band Aid 20's re-recording of Do They Know It's Christmas in November 2004.
Nowadays he has two solo albuns (2017's The Wave and Twelve Tales of Christmas), and made a tour around the world, specially in Britain and Europe. The first tour was about he launched The Wave. And, the second, with the album Twelve Tales of Christmas.
Tom rejoined Keane in 2018/2019 and in September 2019 they released their 5th Studio album, Cause and Effect, which toured Europe, USA and Latin America throughout 2019.
During such tour, Tom opened up during interviews about overcoming cocaine addiction and Tim Rice-Oxley family misfortunes that led the songwriter to compose the album songs and approaching Tom in the Christmas of 2018.
He has a child called Freya with his wife Nat; she is four years old.Somewhere Only We Know
"Somewhere Only We Know" is a song by English band Keane. It is their third single. The song is played using a piano, drums and bass. The song was the first single from the album "Hopes and Fears". The single was very popular in the United Kingdom and world wide.
"Somewhere Only We Know" was composed by Tim Rice-Oxley in 2001.
The song was first played on the guitar, just before Dominic Scott left the band. It was recorded as a demo the same year with piano instead of the guitar. Keane recorded the final version in 2003 at the Helioscentric Studios, East Sussex for the album.
Keane played this song at the historical concert Live 8 in London.
The drummer for Keane, Richard Hughes, said that the band had been asked if the song was about a place. He said that Rice-Oxley had said that to the members of the band it might be about a place or a feeling. He also said that the song can mean something to each person and each person can relate the song to their own memories. He felt that the song was more of a theme than being about any single place or time.
Look at the interview for this song, the place that only we know is when friends get High together.
The song is related to trees:
"Somewhere Only We Know" has been released two times as a single. Each time it had a different b-side.
The lyrics of "Walnut Tree" talk about waiting for someone or something. Rice-Oxley has not talked about a real meaning to this. The song appeared on the "" soundtrack.
"Snowed Under" talks about a place called "Manser's Shaw". This is a place where the band used to spent their days. It was inspired by a poem
"Snowed Under" was the only b-side played live during 2004, 2005 and early 2006.
CD Single
UK 7" Vinyl
Germany CD Single
Released March 26 2004
Spain CD Single
Released April 16 2004
UK, 3" Pocket CD
Released July 19 2004
The song has been covered by:
It has appeared on:
There are three music videos for this song:
Keane comes out of a studio and takes a taxi. Then they come across a forest where the "simple thing" aliens live. Each alien represents the spirit of a tree. The video was directed by Colin Hardy.
The video is the same without the "simple thing" aliens
This video was made in May 29 2004 in Hollywood, California. It was directed by The Saline Project.
Under the Iron Sea
Under the Iron Sea is the second album by rock band Keane. It was launched in June 2006.
There is a version with a bonus DVD. This includes videos and demo versions of songs.
The title of the album comes from the phrase "I lost my heart. I buried it too deep under the iron sea," of the eighth (8th) song, "Crystal Ball".
In its first week sold 222,297 copies. It was #1 in UK and #4 in US.
The album had sold 1,000,000 copies to date.
Note: Some editions combine "The Iron Sea" with "Put It Behind You," with a length of 6:33.
List of songs by Keane
This is a list of songs of Keane. Keane is a rock band from England.
The songs are divided for easy consult.
These old songs were written by Keane. They have not been heard as there are no recordings from them. They are known because the band had mentioned them.
These songs were not released but they are known for recordings. These recordings are on the internet.
These songs had been recorded on CD Singles.
A b-side is a song included with a single on its CD.
This is Keane's first album.
This is Keane's second (2nd) album
This is Keane's third (3rd) album
These songs have not been released. In the future they will.
These songs were written by other artists. Keane have covered them and some of them, recorded.
"Everybody's Changing" is the first single by the rock band Keane. It was released two times. It was the first Keane CD to be sold in stores.
There are two different versions of the song. The song was first composed in 2001 by Tim Rice-Oxley. The first version was recorded at Keane's home. The second one at the Helioscentric Studios in East Sussex.
In December 2002, Simon Williams of Fierce Panda Records saw Keane in a pub. He wanted to record one of their songs for the radio. The song chosen was "Everybody's Changing". They made a CD single and released it on May 2003.
After Keane signed to Island Records, there was another single, "Somewhere Only We Know". However, they wanted to release "Everybody's Changing" again. This time it was released as an Island single. The record was released on May 2004
The CDs for each version had one or two other songs on them.
"To the End of the Earth" was composed in guitar. A demo version played on guitar was also recorded. It was composed by Tim Rice-Oxley in 2000. The song was re-recorded for the single.
"Fly to Me" has been thought to be Keane's most beautiful song. Official sheet music for the song is found in the Wise Publication's book of "Hopes and Fears".
"The Way You Want It" is a piano and voice song. It appeared on the Fierce Panda version. The song appears on the "Strangers DVD" as well.
UK, 7" Vynil <br>
Released May 3rd 2004
July 23rd 2004
March 21st 2005
July 19th 2004
There are two music videos for this song:
Dominic Scott
Dominic "Dom" Scott (15 May 1979) is an Irish guitarist. He is known for being the guitarist of the rock band Keane. In 1995 he asked his friend Tim Rice-Oxley to form a band. They named the band "The Lotus Eaters". They invited Richard Hughes to play the drums.
In 1997 Rice-Oxley asked Scott and Hughes to let Tom Chaplin join the band. Scott and Hughes firstly refused but then accepted.
He left in 2001, after the single "Wolf at the Door" because of musical differences with Rice-Oxley. His exit was friendly. Keane wrote a message on their official page on 14 November 2001 saying this:
Rice-Oxley also said in an interview in Mexico: "Dom is a great fan of U2 so maybe we'll met in New York" (Because Keane was the opening band for U2 in 2005).
Langeoog
Langeoog (Low German: Long Island) is a German Island in the North Sea.
Langeoog is about 10 kilometers long (from east to west), has a 14 kilometer long beach and covers an area of about 20 km². There are about 2000 people living on Langeoog.
Cars are not allowed to drive on Langeoog. People on the Island use bikes. The port and the village are linked with a small railway, the so-called "Inselbahn" (Island's Rail). The Railway is about 2.4 kilometers long.
The harbour of Langeoog is quite big. It was built in World War II by the German Navy. Today the harbour is used by ferries, that connect Langoog with the harbour of Bensersiel on the coast. The Langeoog harbour is also used by sailors, some fishermen and the German Society for Rescuing Ship-Wreckers.
There is also a little airfield on Langeoog.
The landmark of Langeoog is the Water-Tower, that was built in 1909 on top of a dune near the village.
Tourism is the main source of income for Langeoog's economy. There are several hotels. The youth hostel can be found several kilometers outside the village.
A shirt is a kind of cloth which is made to cover your upper body. In North America, shirts can mean T-shirts, polo shirts, etc. In Britain, a shirt has a collar, sleeves with cuffs and split in half with buttons on one side. (North Americans would call this a "dress shirt", a specific type of "collared shirt"). Some shirts have sleeves, that cover your arms. T-shirts are a type of shirt that has shorter sleeves. These sleeves cover the shoulders. Shirts that do not have sleeves are called "sleeveless".