AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
There are 22,980 students at the college.
Eugene, Oregon
Eugene is a city of Oregon in the United States. It is the county seat of Lane County. According to the 2008 census, it has a population of 154,620. The University of Oregon is also in Eugene.
Bill Bowerman
Bill Bowerman (February 19, 1911 - December 24, 1999) was an American track and field coach at the University of Oregon. Bowerman was born in Portland, Oregon. He went to high school in Medford, Oregon. After high school, he was a student at the University of Oregon where he played football and ran track and field.
Bowerman joined the United States Army after the Pearl Harbor attack. He was part of the 10th Mountain Division of the army. Bowerman's job was to organize the supplies that the soldiers needed. He received the rank of Major during World War II. Bowerman was given four Bronze Stars, a Good Conduct Medal, and a Silver Star. He was honorably discharged in October 1945.
After the war, Bowerman coached track and field at the University of Oregon. He did this for twenty-four years. His teams won four national championships in the NCAA while he was a coach. Some of his most famous athletes were Steve Prefontaine, Kenny Moore, Mac Wilkins, and Phil Knight. Bowerman also coached the United States Olympics team at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany.
He wrote a book that first taught Americans about jogging. With Phil Knight, he started the Nike company. Bowerman helped design many of the first shoes that the company sold. He died on Christmas Eve in 1999 at the age of 88.
Phil Knight
Kevin-Prince Boateng
Kevin-Prince Boateng (born 6 March 1987) is a German footballer who plays for Borussia Dortmund of the Fußball-Bundesliga, on loan from Tottenham Hotspur.
Kevin-Prince Boateng has made several appearances for the German Under-16, Under-19 and Under-21 teams. On July 20, 2005, he scored a spectacular goal in a Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) European Under-19 Football Championship game against Greece in his side’s 3-0 victory. This goal was voted as the Goal of the Month by viewers of a popular German TV sports show. That year, he won Fritz Walter Bronze Medal as well as the Best German Young Player of the Year title. On July 27, 2006, Kevin-Prince Boateng was adjudged as the Fritz Walter Gold medal winner and the 2006 Best Young Player in Germany by a jury consisting of the German Football Association (DFB), Youth Coaches and Members of the DFB Board. As of 2008, he has won a total of five international caps for the German U-21 side.
In 1994 Kevin-Prince Boateng began his professional football career with the German side Reinickendorfer Füchse’s youth team. On July 1, 1994 he moved to Hertha Berlin’s youth outfit and was soon promoted to the Hertha Berlin II side. During his stint with this team that lasted for two seasons, he made a total of 29 appearances and scored five goals to his credit. In the following year, Kevin-Prince Boateng was selected for Hertha Berlin’s first team, and he made his debut for it in a Round 2 game of the 2005-06 Bundesliga season against Eintracht Frankfurt in which he came in as a second-half substitute. His impressive performance at this game earned Kevin-Prince Boateng his first full debut for this club in a 2-2 draw against Borussia Mönchengladbach in Round 14 of the Bundesliga season. During his two-year tenure at this club, he played 43 games, scoring 4 goals. He is thought to be the world's biggest upcoming talent and showed that in the 2010 world cup held in South Africa. Kevin Prince lead Ghana to the quarterfinals only to be cheated by Uruguay.
On July 31, 2007, Kevin-Prince Boateng signed with Premier League side Tottenham Hotspur for a fee, reportedly worth £4.5million. His first start in the Premier League came on November 3, 2007 in a game against Middlesbrough F.C. As of 2008, he has made a total of 13 appearances for this side.
Kevin-Prince Boateng considers the Brazilian football greats Pelé and Rivaldo as his role models in his sporting career as a kid too
Katsuo Kanda
Kanda was born in Niigata on June 21, 1966. After graduating from Tokyo University of Agriculture, he joined Japan Soccer League club NKK in 1989 and played as forward. In 1992, Japan Soccer League was folded and the club joined new league, Japan Football League (JFL). However the club was disbanded in 1993. In 1994, he moved to JFL club Cerezo Osaka. He was converted to left side midfielder and side back. The club won the champions in 1994 and was promoted to J1 League. In 1998, he moved to Yokohama Marinos (later "Yokohama F. Marinos"). In 2000, he moved to his local club Albirex Niigata in J2 League. The club won the champions in 2003 and was promoted to J1 from 2004. However he retired end of the 2003 season.
In 1995, Kanda was called up by Shu Kamo to play for the Japan national team in a friendly match against Ecuador on May 28, which was his only cap.
361||34||22||1||24||3||407||38
Norio Takahashi
194||0||6||0||11||0||211||0
0||0||||||||||0||0
32||0||1||0||0||0||33||0
226||0||7||0||11||0||244||0
Hidehiko Shimizu
Third baseman
A third baseman is a person in baseball who covers third base.
Somebody playing third base must have good reflexes and be able to react fast, because he is one the closest infielders to the batter. He must also have a good arm, because third basemen sometimes have to throw to second base as a part of a double play.
Hisato Sato
Sato was born in Kasukabe on March 12, 1982. He joined J1 League club JEF United Ichihara (later "JEF United Chiba") with twin brother Yuto Sato from their youth team in 2000. In 2002, he moved to J2 League club Cerezo Osaka. In 2003, he moved to J1 club Vegalta Sendai and became a regular player. The club was relegated to J2 end of 2003 season. In 2004, he scored 20 goals in J2. In 2005, he moved to J1 club Sanfrecce Hiroshima. He played as regular player and scored more than 10 goals every season. However the club was relegated to J2 end of 2007 season. In 2008, the club won the champions in J2 and was promoted to J1 from 2009. He also became a top scorer with 28 goals. In 2012, the club won the champion in J1. He also became a top scorer with 22 goals and was selected MVP award. The club also won the champions in the 2013 and 2015 season. He played 383 matches and score 178 goals for the club in 12 seasons. He was also selected "J.League Fair Play award" in 2007, 2012 and 2013 season. In 2017, he moved to J2 club Nagoya Grampus. The club was promoted to J1 from 2018. In 2019, he moved to his first club, JEF United Chiba. He retired end of the 2020 season.
On February 10, 2006, Sato debuted for the Japan national team against United States. He played at 2007 Asian Cup. He played 31 games and scored 4 goals for Japan until 2010.
220||41||16||57||29||14||1||672||266
560||220||41||16||57||29||14||1||672||266
!Total||31||4
Nobuyuki Zaizen
Nobuyuki Zaizen (born 19 October 1976) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Muangthong United.
259||23||12||1||19||1||290||25
0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||0||0
Ryuichi Kamiyama
Ryuichi Kamiyama (born 10 November 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Avispa Fukuoka.
71||0||5||0||6||0||82||0
Kazuaki Nagasawa
Nagasawa was born in Shizuoka on February 4, 1958. After graduating from Tokyo University of Agriculture, he joined Japan Soccer League club Yamaha Motors in 1980. Although he played as regular player until 1987, he could not play in the match for injury at the end of his career. He retired in 1989. He played 123 games and scored 9 goals in the league.
On July 13, 1978, when Nagasawa was a Tokyo University of Agriculture student, he debuted for the Japan national team against Iraq. Although he did not play for Japan from 1979, in 1985, he played for Japan at 1986 World Cup qualification for the first time in 7 years. He played 9 games for Japan until 1985.
After retirement, Nagasawa started coaching career at Yamaha Motors. In 1991, he became a manager. He led the club to won the 2nd place at Japan Football League in 1993 and promoted to J1 League. He resigned end of 1993 season. He signed with Nadeshiko League club Suzuyo Shimizu FC Lovely Ladies in 1995. In 1997, he moved to Honda. In 1999, he signed with Sony Sendai and managed until August 2001. From 2001, he managed some university and high school.
123||9
Ariel Ortega
Ariel Ortega (born 4 March 1974) is an Argentine football player. He plays for River Plate.
312||76
29||9
45||11
14||5
400||101
!Total||86||17
Yoshiteru Yamashita
Yamashita was born in Fukuoka on November 21, 1977. After graduating from Higashi Fukuoka High School, he joined J1 League side Avispa Fukuoka in 1996. He played many matches from first season. However the club relegated to J2 League in 2001 and he moved to Vegalta Sendai. However the club relegated to J2 in 2003 again and he moved to Kashiwa Reysol in 2004. However his opportunity to play decreased. He also played in Omiya Ardija on loan in 2005. He moved to Japan Football League club Tochigi SC in 2007 and FC Ryukyu in 2008. He retired end of 2010 season.
In June 1997, Yamashita was selected the Japan U-20 national team for 1997 World Youth Championship. He played in 2 matches. In 2001, Yamashita was selected the Japan national team for 2001 Confederations Cup. He made his international debut in the tournament on June 4 against Brazil. At this tournament, Japan won the 2nd place. He earned 3 caps between 2001 and 2003 and scored no goals for Japan.
330||67||14||4||30||4||374||75
Isao Homma
Hiroshi Fukushima
Hiroshi Fukushima (born 14 July 1982) is a former Association football player. He played for V-Varen Nagasaki. He also played several seasons for Avispa Fukuoka in the J1 League.
128||49||10||4||0||0||138||53
Kim Byung-Ji (born 8 April 1970) is a South Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player.
398||2||12||0||102||1||512||3
Koji Yamase
Yamase was born in Sapporo on September 22, 1981. After graduating from Hokkai High School, he joined J2 League club Consadole Sapporo in 2000. He played many matches as offensive midfielder from first season under manager Takeshi Okada. Consadole also won the champions in 2000 season and was promoted to J1 League. In 2000, he played as regular player and was selected "Rookie of the Year award". Although he was given number 10 shirt, he could not play at all in the match for injured from summer 2002. Consadole also finished at the bottom place in 2002 season and was relegated to J2. In 2003, Yamase moved to J1 club Urawa Reds. Reds won the champions 2003 J.League Cup. In 2004, Reds won the 2nd place in J1 League and J.League Cup. In 2005, Yamase moved to Yokohama F. Marinos. He was given number 10 shirt and played many matches as offensive midfielder. His brother Yukihiro Yamase also played F. Marinos until 2009. He spent in this club the longest season in his career. In 2011, Yamase moved to Kawasaki Frontale. He played all 34 matches in 2011 season. However his opportunity to play decreased in 2012 season. In 2013, Yamase moved to J2 club Kyoto Sanga FC. He played many matches as regular player until 2016. In 2017, he moved to Avispa Fukuoka and played in 2 seasons. In 2019, he moved to Ehime FC.
In June 2001, Yamase was selected the Japan U-20 national team for 2001 World Youth Championship. At this tournament, he played all 3 matches and scored 2 goals. On August 9, 2006, he debuted for the Japan national team under new manager Ivica Osim against Trinidad and Tobago which is Japan's first match after the 2006 World Cup. He played 13 games and scored 5 goals for Japan until 2010.
569||91||28||7||55||15||652||113
!Total||13||5
Scottish Parliament
The Scottish Parliament (; Scots: "Scottish Pairlament") is the devolved national legislature of Scotland. It is in the capital city, Edinburgh. The Parliament is sometimes called "Holyrood".
The original Parliament of Scotland (or "Estates of Scotland") was the national legislature of the independent Kingdom of Scotland. It existed from the early 13th century until 1707. This was when the Kingdom of Scotland merged with the Kingdom of England under the Acts of Union 1707 to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain. Because of this, the Parliament of Scotland merged with the Parliament of England to form the Parliament of Great Britain, which sat at Westminster in London. This legislature merged with the Irish Parliament from 1801 to make the current Parliament of the United Kingdom.
In 1997 there was a referendum where the Scottish people voted for Scotland to have a Parliament again. The current Parliament was established by the Scotland Act 1998. The first meeting was on 12 May 1999.
The Parliament is a devolved assembly, which means that some powers have been kept by the UK Parliament. The issues which the Scottish Parliament can make laws about are called "devolved matters". The issues which the UK Parliament must make laws about are called "reserved matters". Some examples of devolved matters are health and social services, education and housing. Examples of reserved matters are foreign policy, immigration and the constitution of the Scottish Parliament.
There are 129 members known as Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs) who are democratically elected. Members are elected for five-year terms. Most of the MSPs belong to political parties. Independent MSPs do not belong to a political party.
The number of MSPs from each party are:
Joseph Banks Rhine
Joseph Banks Rhine (September 29, 1895 – February 20, 1980); usually known as J. B. Rhine) was a pioneer of parapsychology. Rhine founded the parapsychology lab at Duke University, the "Journal of Parapsychology", and the Foundation for Research on the Nature of Man. He also initiated the Parapsychological Association.
Joule's laws
Joule's laws are two: first about heat produced by an electric current, and second about how the energy of a gas relates to pressure, volume.
Joule's first law shows the relation between heat generated by an electric current flowing through a conductor. It is named after James Prescott Joule and shown as:
Where "Q" is the amount of heat, "I" is the electric current flowing through a conductor, "R" is the amount of electric resistance present in the conductor, and "t" is the amount of time that this happens for.
Joule's second law says that the internal energy of an ideal gas does not change if volume and pressure change, but does change if temperature changes.
Joule's law is important.
Mark may refer to:
Pinnacle Point Man
The Pinnacle Point Man is a name given to a group of Homo sapiens believed to have lived in a cave at Pinnacle Point 164,000 years ago. This cave is near Mosselbaai/Mossel Bay on the south coast South Africa. Discoveries in the cave show that these early humans were able to work with haematite pieces, and used ochre to paint their bodies. The discovery challenges the widely held belief that modern human behaviour began only 45,000 years ago. It also challenges the view that this behaviour was reached through a "large cultural leap".
Because the African climate became cool and dry, the food resources were reduced dramatically. This was the reason why the Pinnacle Point man moved to the shores. There, they could eat marine creatures like mussels, snails and crabs. These men also used amazingly subtle tools. Microliths were mounted on wood shafts
The startling discovery was made in 2007 by an international team, including the palaeoanthropologist Curtis Marean from the "Institute of Human Origins" of the Arizona State University and three graduate students of the "School of Human Evolution and Social Change". They came to the conclusion that humans living in the cave started to eat new foods. They added shellfish and other marine resources to their diet. The cause for this evolution was the climate change. It is the first evidence that mankind was able to this. The report in the magazine Nature also reports that the evidence for using coloured pigments was also found. This is much earlier than the earliest known usage which had been from 70,000 years ago.
The findings give rise to the assumption that living near the coast has caused the changes.
The evidence shows that Homo sapiens evolved in Africa 100,000 to 200,000 years ago. At that time, the world was in an ice age, and Africa was a desert. But as archaeologica sites dating to that time period are rare in Africa, palaeonthologist Curtis Marean looked at different information. He studied geologic formations, the sea currents, climate data and much more. As a result, he was able to pinpoint his research to destinations like the Pinnacle Point cave, where the findings have been made.
Stickiness or the quality of being sticky can refer to several things:
Bloc Party (EP)
Helicopter (song)
'Helicopter' is a song by British band Bloc Party. It was written by all band members for their album, Silent Alarm. The song uses a punk rock-style, built up with many different parts, and the tempo is faster than other Bloc Party songs. The idea behind the song has been debated, with lead singer Kele Okereke disagreeing with rumours a few times.
Pioneers (song)
"Pioneers" is a single by Bloc Party from their album Silent Alarm. It was released in the UK by Wichita Records on 18 July 2005.
A cover of this song was released by bands such as the Mystery Jets and Tunng.
The video was made by the company "mini vegas" and directed by Aoife Mcardle.
CD: Wichita / WEBB088SCD (UK)
7": Wichita / WEBB088S (UK)
DVD: Wichita / WEBB088DVD (UK)
Courland
Bivona
Katonah, New York
Brueghel
Brueghel, Bruegel or Breughel (Pronounced in Dutch) might mean:
Several Dutch/Flemish painters from the same family line:
Matt Smith (actor)
Matthew Robert Smith (born 28 October 1982) is an English stage and television actor. He is best known as the eleventh form of the Doctor on the British television series "Doctor Who". He received a BAFTA Award nomination for the role in 2011.
He wanted to be a professional footballer. A back injury made him stop playing the sport. He joined the National Youth Theatre and studied Drama and Creative Writing at the University of East Anglia. Smith became an actor in 2003. He performed in plays like "Murder in the Cathedral", "Fresh Kills", "The History Boys" and "On the Shore of the Wide World" in London theatres. On West End, he has performed in "Swimming with Sharks" with Christian Slater, and "That Face".
Smith's first television role was in 2006. He played Jim Taylor in the BBC version of Philip Pullman's "The Ruby in the Smoke" and "The Shadow in the North". His his first major role in television came as Danny in the 2007 BBC series "Party Animals". Smith is the youngest person to play the character in the British television series.
Smith was born and brought up in Northampton. He attended Northampton School for Boys. He planned to be a professional football player. Smith had played for the youth teams of Northampton Town F.C., Nottingham Forest F.C. and Leicester City F.C. After an injury, he began to study acting. After school, Smith studied Drama and Creative Writing at the University of East Anglia.
While acting in "On the Shore of the Wide World", the play moved to the Royal National Theatre in London. After finishing, he took on the role of Lockwood in the Alan Bennett play "The History Boys". After "The History Boys", he acted in "Burn/Chatroom/Citizenship" and "Swimming with Sharks". ""Swimming with Sharks was his first West End play. His first television role was as Jim Taylor in the BBC version of the "Sally Lockhart" series of books "The Ruby in the Smoke" and "The Shadow in the North". He acted along with Billie Piper in the series. He acted with Piper a third time in an episode of "Secret Diary of a Call Girl". Piper is well known for playing the part of Rose Tyler on Doctor Who.
Smith was revealed as the Eleventh Doctor in the British science-fiction television series "Doctor Who" in January 2009 to replace David Tennant, who announced his departure in October 2008. Smith was not as well known as many of the actors who were thought to be likely to get the part. These included Paterson Joseph, David Morrissey, Sean Pertwee, James Nesbitt, Russell Tovey, Catherine Zeta Jones, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Robert Carlyle and Billie Piper.
Smith was one of the first actors to audition for the role. Producer Steven Moffat and BBC Wales Head of Drama and executive producer, Piers Wenger immediately liked him for the part. Smith had auditioned for the role of John Watson in the Moffat-created "Sherlock" at the same time. He did not get the part of Watson because Moffat believed his acting style was closer to Sherlock Holmes but they had already cast Benedict Cumberbatch as Holmes. At 26 years old, Smith was three years younger than Peter Davison was at the time of his casting as the Doctor in 1981. He was younger than any other actor suggested for the role. After three weeks of auditions, Moffat and Wenger agreed that it had "always been Matt". The BBC were was not certain that a 26-year-old could not play the Doctor correctly. Some fans of the show believed that Smith was too young for the role. Others supported him based on what he had shows of his acting ability. For his work in his first series he was nominated in the "Outstanding Drama Performance
Category" of the National Television Awards.
In June 2010, he appeared on stage with Orbital. They performed a version of the "Doctor Who" theme at the Glastonbury Festival. Smith hosted the "Doctor Who" Prom at the Royal Albert Hall on 24–25 July 2010. In June 2011, the BBC said that Smith had been signed to do fourteen more episodes of "Doctor Who" as the Doctor.
Internet leak
Alec Baldwin
Alexander Rae "Alec" Baldwin III (born April 3, 1958) is an American actor, activist, comedian, producer and writer. He is the oldest and probably the most well-known of the Baldwin brothers, a family in movie and television. His career has brought him Academy Award, Emmy, and Golden Globe nominations. He is noted for having hosted "Saturday Night Live" several times, recently as Donald Trump. He plays the television executive Jack Donaghy in the NBC series "30 Rock". He is also known for the role of Mr. Conductor in "Thomas and the Magic Railroad" (2000).
Thylacinus potens
Naoki Chiba (born 24 July 1977) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Vegalta Sendai.
430||18||21||1||21||0||472||19
Daijiro Takakuwa
Takakuwa was born in Tokyo on August 10, 1973. After graduating from Nihon University High School, he joined Yokohama Marinos (later "Yokohama F. Marinos") in 1992. However he could not play in the match behind Japan national team goalkeeper, Shigetatsu Matsunaga and Yoshikatsu Kawaguchi. He moved to Kashima Antlers in 1996. In 1998, he became a regular goalkeeper and won the champions in J1 League. In Asia, the club won 1998–99 Asian Cup Winners' Cup. In 2000, the club won all three major title in Japan; J1 League, J.League Cup and Emperor's Cup. He also was selected Best Eleven. In 2001, his opportunity to play decreased behind Hitoshi Sogahata. He moved to Tokyo Verdy in 2002 and Vegalta Sendai in 2003. At Sendai, he played as regular goalkeeper from 2004 to July 2006. In 2007, he returned to Yokohama F. Marinos for the first time in 11 years. However he could hardly play in the match. He moved to Tokushima Vortis in 2009 and retired end of 2009 season.
In October 2000, Takakuwa was selected the Japan national team for 2000 Asian Cup. At this competition, on October 20, he debuted against Qatar. Although he played only one match, Japan won the champions.
225||0||14||0||27||0||266||0
Toshiya Ishii
297||6||12||0||30||0||339||6
Toshiyuki Abe
Toshiyuki Abe (born 1 August 1974) is a former Japanese football player.
151||14||36||1||15||3||202||18
143||26||13||2||27||5||183||33
Teruo Iwamoto
Iwamoto was born in Yokohama on May 2, 1972. After graduating from Yokohama College of Commerce High School, he joined Fujita Industries (later "Bellmare Hiratsuka") in 1991. In 1994, the club won 1994 Emperor's Cup. In Asia, the club also won 1995 Asian Cup Winners' Cup. After that, he could not become regular player due to injuries. In the latter the 1990s, he played for Kyoto Purple Sanga (1998), Kawasaki Frontale (1999) and Verdy Kawasaki (2000). In 2001, he moved to Vegalta Sendai. At Vegalta, he became a regular player and assisted many goals. In 2004, he moved to Nagoya Grampus Eight. However he got hurt in May and he left the club end of the season. In October 2006, he signed with Auckland City and played until December. In December, he also played at 2006 Club World Cup in Japan. He retired after 2006 Club World Cup.
On May 22, 1994, Iwamoto debuted for the Japan national team against Australia. He also played at 1994 Asian Games. At Asian Games, he wore the number 10 shirt for Japan. He played 9 games and scored 2 goals for Japan in 1994.
287||55||19||5||40||8||322||65
3||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||3||0
290||53||19||5||40||8||325||65
!Total||9||2
A Web service is defined as "a designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network". Web services are frequently just Web APIs that can be accessed over a network, such as the Internet, and executed on a remote system the requested services.
The W3C Web service definition encompasses many different systems, but in common usage the term refers to clients and servers that communicate over the HTTP used on the Web. Such services tend to fall into one of two camps: Big Web Services and RESTful Web Services.
"Big Web Services" use XML messages that follow the SOAP standard and have been popular with traditional enterprise. In such systems, there is often a machine-readable description of the operations offered by the service written in the Web Services Description Language (WSDL). The latter is not a requirement of a SOAP endpoint, but it is a prerequisite for automated client-side code generation in many Java and .NET SOAP frameworks (frameworks such as Spring, Apache Axis2 and Apache CXF being notable exceptions). Some industry organizations, such as the WS-I, mandate both SOAP and WSDL in their definition of a Web service.
More recently, RESTful Web services have been regaining popularity, particularly with Internet companies. These also meet the W3C definition, and are often better integrated with HTTP than SOAP-based services. They do not require XML messages or WSDL service-API definitions.
Johannes Fibiger
Julius Wagner-Jauregg
Julius Wagner-Jauregg (March 7, 1857 – September 27, 1940) was an Austrian doctor. He won the 1927 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for his discovery that malaria inoculation helps the treatment of paralysis.
Pricing is the creation of a price. In a market economy the price is made by supply and demand. The suppliers would like to get the price as high as possible and the consumers would like to pay as few as possible. Prices will be built if consumers and salesmen make an agreement of the exchange of goods.
There are many consumers but only a few suppliers.
There are many consumers but only one supplier.
Many suppliers are compared to many consumers. By the low market share of the individual supplier you call it "atomize market structure". You also call this market form competitive market.
The supplier will offer more goods, if the market price is rising. (and backwards)
The consumer will demand more goods, if the market price drops. (and backwards)
OEM stands for Original Equipment Manufacturing. It is mainly used to describe parts for cars, airplanes and electrical systems. It is also used for computer parts and computer programs.
The name OEM is usually used when a new version of something is made by a company that is different to the company that first made it. The new company will sell the product at a cheaper price, but this is often because it does not have as many features as the first version. For example, an OEM computer program will usually only come with the disc and a licence, but no instruction manuals.
Pubis (bone)
The pubis, or pubic bone, is one of the bones that make up the pelvis. It is ventral and anterior. In other words, it is at the front in humans, and below in most other mammals.
The left and right hip bones join at the pubic symphysis. In the female, the pubic bone in front is covered by the urethral sponge. This is a layer of fat, forming the mons pubis or mons Venus.
The body of the pubis forms one-fifth of the acetabulum, the area around the hip socket. It contributes to the hip socket itself. Its inner surface is part of the wall of the lesser pelvis.
Kingdom of Poland (1917-1918)
This Kingdom of Poland was a proposed puppet state of German Empire. It was proposed by Act of November 5th.
Brown tree snake
The Brown tree snake ("Boiga irregularis") is an arboreal colubrid snake the lives in parts of coastal Australia, Papua New Guinea, and islands in northwestern Melanesia.
This snake is known for being an invasive species, responsible for killing the bird population on Guam.
The Brown tree snake eats birds, lizards, and bats. It also eats small rodents in its home. It also eats birds and shrews at Guam.
Due to the amount of prey and lack of predators in habitats such as Guam, they have been known to grow to larger sizes than their normal 1 to 2 meters in length. The longest recorded length of this species is one found on Guam was three meters.
Reproduction has not been looked at in detail. The female makes 4-12 eggs, 42–47 mm long and 18–22 mm wide with a leathery shell. Females make up to two groups, called clutches per year depending on season, climate. and amount of prey. The female places the eggs in hollow logs, rock cracks, and other places where they are likely protected from drying and high temperatures.
The Brown tree snake is a nocturnal snake that can be very aggressive when confronted. The fangs are grooved rather than hollow fangs, the poison is hard to place into a bite on a human, in this way, is only given in small amount. The venom appears to be weakly neurotoxic and possibly cytotoxic. Adults are not affectly in a great way, however, children are in greater danger.
Flogging
Flagellation or flogging is a word used regularly by Liam Wood and it means hitting the human body with a whip The word comes from "flagellum" the Latin word for "Whip". Usually it is done as a punishment. Some people also do it as a form of sexual arousal, in the context of BDSM. Liam Wood has claimed to have flogged hundreds of people but there is no record of this ever happening.
Flogging was used to punish convicts in the penal colonies of Australia. After Irish convicts tried to start a riot at Castle Hill in 1804, many were flogged. Paddy Galvin was given 300 lashes at Parramatta, New South Wales. The first one hundred were across his back, and tore open his skin so the bones in his spine could be seen. The second hundred was given across his buttocks which became like jelly. A doctor ordered that the third hundred was given across the back of his legs. People watching were hit by pieces of skin and flesh. There are records in Tasmania of a convict named Greenwood, being given 1000 lashes for wounding an officer while trying to escape.
History of Curitiba
The history of Curitiba has many different periods.
In the past, the region where today is the city of Curitiba was a region of exuberant forest, where the parana-pine was dominant. The first inhabitants of the region were the indigenous tribe Tingüi, by the Tupi-Guarani nation.
At the beginning of the Christian Era, the Plateau Curitibano (also known as First Plateau of Paraná) was inhabited by peoples potters. Subterranean houses, found at archaeological sites on the outskirts of Curitiba, show the adaptation of native to the adverse conditions of climate, as the cold wind, frost and snow.
In time of arrival of the Portuguese to Brazil, the Plateau Curitibano was occupied by groups of linguistic families Jê and Tupi-Guarani.
The first ten years of the 16th century marked the beginning of a war of conquest of Europeans against the indigenous peoples who inhabited the plateaus of southeastern and southern Brazil. Were Portuguese and Spanish expeditions in search of precious metals and stones, and Indians to enslave.
The region of Curitiba began to be populated by non-Indians around 1630, by people from Paranaguá, where the alluvium gold had been discovered, forming the village of "Our Lady of Light and Good Jesus of Pine Forest", which was became in town in 1693. The Portuguese who founded a village in 1693 gave it the name of "Vila da Nossa Senhora da Luz dos Pinhais" ("Our Lady of the Light in the Pine Forest"). The name was changed to "Curitiba" in 1721.
There is a legend telling that around 1648 a group of pioneers founded a small village near the Atuba River while searching for gold. These pioneers venerated "Nossa Senhor da Luz" and made a special place there for her statue. The legend tells that every morning the image turned her eyes to a pine tree forest, which the pioneers knew was a sacred place of the Indians. The explorers took this as a sign that "Nossa Senhora" was showing them a special place for their village. Even though they knew that the Indians took them as enemies, the pioneers took the risk and went in to the forest to find this special place. When the pioneers got close to the tribe, a miracle happened: the Indians were peaceful and expecting them to come. Done contact with the leader of the Tingüi tribe, the cacique Tindiqüera would have said the new location and put a stick in the ground, saying "Coré Etuba" ("many pines"). By this stick would have grown a great tree, where today is the "zero mark" of Curitiba. At that place the pioneers built a chapel in honor of the saint, now called "Nossa Senhora da Luz dos Pinhais" ("Our Lady of the Light in the Pine Forest").
Curitiba officially became a town in 1812, orthography its name as "Curityba". An alternative orthography also came up: "Coritiba". This orthography looked to become dominant for it was used in press and state documents, but a state decree in 1919 decided the dispute by orthography the city name "Curitiba". Growth was based on the cattle trade, being a way between cattle breeding country to the South and markets to the North. Developing effective started from the beginning of the 19th century, with the exploitation and exportation of Yerba mate ("Ilex paraguariensis"), and the elevation to the condition that city in 1842.
Waves of European immigrants started arriving after 1850, mainly Germans, Italians, Poles and Ukrainians. In 1853, the south and southwest of the province of São Paulo are separated, forming the new province of Paraná, and Curitiba has become capital. The "Universidade Federal do Paraná" (Federal University of Paraná), the first in Brazil, was established in Curitiba in 1913, the same year in which electric streetcars were first deployed.
As most of Southern Brazil's population, Curitiba is mostly inhabited by Brazilians of European descent. The first Europeans to arrive in the region were of Portuguese origin, during the 17th century. They intermarried with the native people and with the African slaves.
In the 19th century, the influx of immigrants from Europe increased. In 1828, the first German immigrants settled in Paraná. However, large numbers of immigrants from Germany only arrived in Curitiba during the 1870s, most of them was Volga Germans from Russia.
Immigrants from Poland first arrived in 1871, settling in rural areas near to Curitiba. They largely influenced the agriculture of the region. Curitiba has the second largest Polish diaspora in the world, second only to Chicago, and is the only Brazilian city to have orthography in Polish language: "Kurytyba".
Italian immigrants started arriving in Curitiba in 1878. They came mostly from the Veneto and Trento regions, in Northern Italy and settled mostly in the Santa Felicidade neighborhood, still today the center of the large Italian community of Curitiba.
Large numbers of Ukrainian immigrants settled in Curitiba, mostly between 1895 and 1897, when 20 thousands arrived. They were peasants from Galicia, who immigrated to Brazil to become small farmers. Nowadays there are 300 thousand Ukrainian-Brazilians living in Paraná.
Japanese immigrants starting arriving in the region in 1915. Curitiba received significant numbers of immigrants from Japan. Nowadays, there are about 40 thousand Japanese-Brazilians living in the city.
Other immigrants, such as jewishes, Arabs from Lebanon and Syria, English, French, Russians and other Eastern Europeans also settled in Curitiba.
During the 20th century, especially after the middle, the city is going through a large increase in population and is consolidating as regional hub for trade and services, becoming one of the richest cities in Brazil and pioneer in urban solutions. In the 1940s and 1950s, Alfred Agache, co-founder of the French Society for Urban Studies, was hired to produce the first city plan. It emphasised a "star" of boulevards, with public amenities downtown, an industrial district and sanitation. It was followed when possible, but was too expensive to complete.
By the 1960s, Curitiba's population had increased to 430,000, and some residents feared that the growth in population threatened to drastically change the character of the city. In 1964, Mayor Ivo Arzua solicited proposals for urban design. Architect Jaime Lerner - who later became mayor - led a team from the Universidade Federal do Paraná that suggested strict controls on urban sprawl, a reduction of traffic in the downtown area, preservation of Curitiba's Historic Sector, and a convenient and affordable public transit system. This plan, known as the Curitiba Master Plan, was adopted in 1968. Lerner closed the XV de Novembro St. to vehicles, because it had very high pedestrian traffic. The plan had a new road design to minimise traffic: the Trinary Road System. This uses two one-way streets moving in opposite directions which surround a smaller, two-lane street where the express buses have their exclusive lane. Five of these roads form a star that converges to the city centre. Land farther from these roads is zoned for lower density developments, to reduce traffic away from the main roads. A number of areas subject to floods were condemned and became parks.
Currently, the immigration of foreigners is small - is common only immigrants from China, some Middle Eastern and South American countries -, has been replaced by migration of Brazilians from other regions of the country (it is estimated that nowadays about half the population of Curitiba is composed of migrants).
Coimbra is a city in Portugal. It was the capital city of the country during the 12th century, and is home of the University of Coimbra, the oldest academic institution in the Portuguese language-speaking world.
According to the census of 2001, the city had a population of 101,069 inhabitants, and the municipality had a population of 148,443 inhabitants in a 319.4 km² land area. Over 430,000 inhabitants live in the Greater Metropolitan Area of Coimbra.
Corrientes
Corrientes is a city in Argentina. It is the capital city of the province of Corrientes, on the eastern shore of the Paraná River, and about 1,000 km from Buenos Aires. According to the census of 2001, the city had 328,689 people.
As the provincial capital, Corrientes is the most important city in the province, being an economical center, and holds the authorities and governmental institutions.
The annual average temperature is 20 °C, with maximum and minimum averages of 33 °C and 10 °C, respectively. The annual rainfall is around 1,200 mm.
Emerald ash borer
The emerald ash borer ("Agrilus planipennis" or "Agrilus marcopoli") is a shiny green beetle native to Asia. It made its way into the United States by accident and has since been spread to eleven states and to the border with Canada.
The beetle is an invasive species, and a serious pest which destroys ash trees. It has killed at least 25 million ash trees so far and threatens to kill most of the ash trees throughout North America.
Adults lay eggs in crevasses in the bark. Larvae burrow into the bark after hatching and consume the living tissue of cambium and phloem. This causes death within two years. The average emerging season for the emerald ash borer is early spring to late summer. Females lay around 75 eggs, but up to 300 from early May to mid-July. The borer's life cycle is estimated to be one year in southern Michigan but may be up to two years in colder regions.
Huge efforts have been made to slow down its spread, but nothing has worked so far. Parasitoid wasps from Asia are being released, and a fungus which kills insects is being tried.
Ratite
The ratites are a group of medium to large birds, most of which are flightless. Most of them, including the largest (moas and elephant birds) are now extinct.
Unlike other flightless birds, the ratites have no keel on their sternum. In a flying bird the sternum anchors the wing muscles.
Most parts of the former super-continent Gondwana have ratites, or did have until the fairly recent past. Their closest living relatives are the tinamous of South America.
The classification used here includes all ratites in the order Struthioniformes, but not the tinamous. This may change in future.
However, modern gene analysis conflicts with this. DNA analysis shows that the ratites diverged from one another too recently to share a common Gondwanian ancestor. However, all analyses show that rheas (South America) and the living Australasian/Oceanian ratites "are" monophyletic.
Recent analysis of twenty nuclear genes suggests that the flighted tinamous cluster within the ratite lineage. The timamids are the sister group of the Australo-Pacific ratites.
If so, this would make 'ratites', as a whole, paraphyletic rather than monophyletic. Since tinamous are weak fliers, this raises interesting questions about the evolution of flightlessness in this group. If timamous are inside the ratite lineage, then ratites evolved flightlessness at least three times. Re-evolution of flight in the tinamous would be an alternative explanation, but that has no precedent in bird evolution, while loss of flight is commonplace.
Tinamous are ratites. Therefore, ratites are a group of medium to large birds, most of whom are flightless, with the exception of the tinamous. The ratites evolved flightlessness more than once. The similarities between Ostriches and the Australo-Pacific ratites is due to convergent evolution.
New Britain is the largest island in the Bismarck Archipelago (named for Otto von Bismarck) of Papua New Guinea. It is separated from the island of New Guinea by the Dampier Strait, and from New Ireland by the St. George's Channel. The main towns of New Britain are Rabaul/Kokopo and Kimbe.
Gosford is a city on the Central Coast of New South Wales, Australia, approximately 80 km north of the Sydney central business district. Gosford is the 18th largest local government area in Australia with a total resident population of 158,157.
Agama
Agama is a genus of lizards. It contains at least 31 species across Africa, where they are the most common lizard.
They can be found in many sizes, from 5 inches to a foot in length and a wide variety of colors. One of the best known species is the red-headed rock agama ("Agama agama"), widespread in sub-Saharan Africa.
Hurricane Luis
Hurricane Luis was one of the most powerful storms of the very active 1995 Atlantic hurricane season. Even though Luis was strong it was still only the second strongest storm in 1995, the strongest was Hurricane Opal. Hurricane Luis was the strongest storm to hit the Leeward Islands since Hurricane Hugo in 1989. From August 22 to September 1 Humberto, Iris, Jerry, Luis, and Karen were active at the same time. Most of the places damaged by Luis were damaged only a week earlier by Hurricane Iris, except for the United States and Newfoundland (Canada) and most of the islands would be damaged again less than two weeks later by Hurricane Marilyn.
The early stages of Luis's formation is track back to a tropical wave that moved off of Africa on August 26. The next day it became Tropical Depression Thirteen near Cape Verde. It reached Tropical Storm status on the 29th and was named Luis. It reached hurricane status on August 30 and reach category 4 strength on September 2. The next day Luis reached it's highest winds of 150 mph making it a Category 4. Luis continued west and crossed over Barbuda late on September 4. At this time Luis came very close to Antigua, St. Barthelemy, St. Martin and Anguilla. Luis turned northwest and while it was 150 miles to the north of Puerto Rico Luis weakened to a category 2 hurricane, after being a major hurricane for a week. Luis kept slowly weakening and headed to the northeast. While Luis was offshore of Newfoundland he caused a wave more than 98 feet tall. Luis made landfall in eastern Newfoundland on September 11 while a category 1. That same day Luis became extratropical and died near Greenland.
These were the places impacted by Hurricane Luis. Many of the Island Countries were affected by Hurricane Iris a week before; many would also be affected by Hurricane Marilyn only ten days later.
Luis caused a lot of damage in Antigua and Barbuda because it made landfall in that country. In Antigua about 50% of houses were either destroyed of damaged. In Barbuda nearly 70% of houses were either destroyed of damaged. The government of the country spent about $350 million in U.S. Dollars to fix the damage.
In Bermuda winds were reported up to 46 mph. However, there was no damage or people killed in Bermuda. On September 11 a ship called Queen Elizabeth 2 got caught in the 98 foot wave that Luis caused. The ship was not damaged but it arrived late in New York.
The only Providence in Canada affected by Luis was Newfoundland.
In Newfoundland, Luis killed one person and caused about $500,000 in damage. Luis dropped 2.4 to 4.7 inches of rain while it passed over Newfoundland on September 11.
In Dominica, larges waves from Hurricane Luis caused one fisherman to get killed. Hurricane Luis caused about $47 million in damage to the island nation.
St. Martin, a small island was hurt most by Luis. Luis did not strike St. Martin, but it was hurt most by Luis because he caused 9 people to get killed and $1.8 billion in damage.
In North Carolina, a U.S. state, a wave caused one person to get killed. Also, in New York, a wave washed under a house and later destroyed causing $1.9 million in damage.
In Guadeloupe, Luis killed one. In Saint Barthelemy, winds were recorded up to 155 mph. In Saint Kitts and Nevis, damages from Luis were at $197 million.
After Hurricane Luis many organizations and Governments donated money to help fix the damage on the affect islands. The largest donation was the Government of the Netherlands, which donated $15.2 million.
When Tropical Depression Thirteen became Tropical Storm Luis on August 29, it marked the earliest date of a seasons 12th named storm. While Luis was becoming extratropical it sped up to nearly 65 mph, making it the third fastest traveling Atlantic hurricane. On September 11 when Luis caused that 98 foot wave it was the highest wave recorded from an Atlantic hurricane. Until 2004, when Hurricane Ivan may have caused a wave up to 130 feet.
The name Luis was retired in the spring of 1996. Luis was the first name retired since Andrew in 1992. Luis was also the first named storm starting with L to get its name retired. Luis is now only one of two L names to get retired, the other was Lili in 2002. In 2001 Lorenzo was used instead.
Mossman, Queensland
Mossman is a town in north Queensland, Australia. It is on the Mossman River. There are bout 1700 people living in Mossman. It was first called Mosman; the name was changed because there was a Sydney suburb called Mosman. Mossman is on the Captain Cook Highway, north of Cairns.
Mossman Gorge, a popular attraction in Daintree National Park, is located west of town. Sugar cane farming is a major crop around Mossman. The Mossman Central Mill is the only sugar mill in the area; turns the cane into sugar.
The Mossman area was served by 2 separate tram systems using 2 foot (610 mm) gauge tracks (width of track). The trams carried passengers and general goods, as well as sugar cane. These tramways were the first transport in the area, proper roads were built much later.