AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Wolfgang Paul (footballer)
Wolfgang Paul (born 25 January, 1940) is a former German football player.
Werner Krämer
Werner Krämer (born 23 January 1940 in Duisburg; died 12 February 2010) was a German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.
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Günter Bernard
Günter Bernard (born 4 November, 1939) is a former German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.
359||1
Jacobins
The Jacobins were a group of radicalists who supported The French Revolution.
Their leader was Maximilien de Robespierre, and they were in power of the French government from June of 1793 to July of 1794.
Initially founded in 1789 by anti-royalist deputies from Brittany, the club grew into a nationwide republican movement, with a membership estimated at a half million or more.
Members of the Jacobins would often belong to mainly to the less prosperous section of the society (the working class). They included shopkeepers, artisans, cooks, shoemakers and daily wage workers.
They dressed differently by wearing long striped trousers similar to those worn by dock workers.
The word classicism, in the arts, is used when talking about art from the Ancient Greeks and Romans and their influence. The art of classicism often involves a thoughtful approach to the arts in which beauty and form is admired, rather than passion or any kind of exaggeration.
Classicism influenced several periods in European history, especially the Italian Renaissance, Age of Reason, the Age of Enlightenment and some movements in Modernism.
Classicism can apply to painting, sculpture, architecture, music, dance, literature or philosophy.
Police Academy: The Animated Series
Police Academy: The Series, also known as Police Academy: The Animated Series, is an popular 1988 American animated television series based on the "Police Academy" series of films. It aired on Saturday mornings and lasted two seasons for a total of 64 episodes.
Some episodes feature a crime boss named Kingpin. His keen intelligence, girth, and stature are very similar to the Marvel Comics character of the same name. New characters were added to the show as well. Among them were a group of talking police dogs called the Canine Corps. They were made up of Samson (the bulldog leader), Lobo (the noble yet clumsy husky), Bonehead (the dimwitted giant St. Bernard), Chilipepper (the excitable chihuahua), and Schitzy (the only female golden retriever with an identity crisis).
The show was produced by Ruby-Spears Productions and Warner Bros. Animation. In later years, the latter company would gain distribution rights to most of the pre-1990 shows by the former, thanks to Time Warner buying Turner Entertainment (which had acquired the R-S library) in 1996.
The animated serie takes place chronologically between the fourth and fifth film of the series of films.
Twelve characters are re-created for this animated version, including a team of Academy graduates led by Carey Mahoney, a likeable rogue bachelor boy, who unconsciously—and consistently—does his best to make life miserable for Captain Harris and his knucklehead assistant Sgt. Proctor.
Mahoney's friends include the aptly named Moses Hightower, walking sound effects machine Larvell Jones, trigger-happy Eugene Tackleberry, sweet & timid Laverne Hooks, tough-as-nails Debbie Callahan, larger-than-life House, and the bread-&-butter duo of reformed gang member Zed and his best buddy, Sweetchuck.
Eric Lassard is the highly-respected (albeit dreamy) Commandant, and Academy newcomer The Professor is also on hand, and also the cadets new friends, the K-9 Corps, a group of cops dogs, and stocking our crime-fighting heroes with an endless supply of wacky gadgets as they combat a motley crew of Kingpin and other recurring villains such as Numbskull, The Claw, Mr. Sleaze, Lockjaw and Amazona.
"Police Academy" was released through chronological volumes on VHS. At least six volumes were released, each including two episodes. In 2009 on DVD with the complete series.
Tottenham Hale station
Tottenham Hale , is a National Rail and London Underground Victoria Line station in Tottenham, north London. It is on Hale Road near the Tottenham Hale one-way system. The station is in Travelcard Zone 3.
The station opened on 15 September 1840 as Tottenham. It was on the Northern & Eastern Railway (N&ER) line from Stratford in east London to Broxbourne in Hertfordshire.
It was renamed Tottenham Hale on 1 September 1968 when it became an interchange station with London Underground on the opening of the first stage of the Victoria line.
Clapton railway station
Clapton railway station is on a suburban line operated by London Overground. It is located on Upper Clapton Road.
It links Upper Clapton to Liverpool Street in central London and Chingford.
Clapton is on a branch of the Lea Valley Lines. The branch separates into Tottenham Hale and St James Street. The line joins up with the Seven Sisters branch at Hackney Downs. Trains which call at Clapton do not serve the Tottenham Hale branch.
Clapton is in both Travelcard Zone 2 and Travelcard Zone 3.
Liverpool Street and
List of Police Academy episodes
List of episodes of the animated series of .
P versus NP is the following question of interest to people working with computers and in mathematics: Can every solved problem whose answer can be checked quickly by a computer also be quickly solved by a computer? P and NP are the two types of maths problems referred to: P problems are fast for computers to solve, and so are considered "easy". NP problems are fast (and so "easy") for a computer to check, but are not necessarily easy to solve.
In 1956, Kurt Gödel wrote a letter to John von Neumann. In this letter, Gödel asked whether a certain NP complete problem could be solved in quadratic or linear time. In 1971, Stephen Cook introduced the precise statement of the P versus NP problem in his article "The complexity of theorem proving procedures".
Today, many people consider this problem to be the most important open problem in computer science. It is one of the seven selected by the Clay Mathematics Institute to carry a US$1,000,000 prize for the first correct solution.
For instance, if you have a problem, and someone says "The answer to your problem is the set of numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5", a computer may be able, quickly, to figure out if the answer is right or wrong, but it may take a very long time for the computer to actually come up with "1, 2, 3, 4, 5" on its own. Another example includes finding prime numbers. It is easy to check if a number is prime, but it is very difficult to find those numbers in the first place. For some interesting, practical questions of this kind, we lack any way to find an answer quickly, but if we are provided an answer, it is possible to check—that is, to verify—the answer quickly. In this way, NP problems may be thought of as being like riddles: it may be hard to come up with the answer to a riddle, but once one hears the answer, the answer seems obvious. In this comparison (analogy), the basic question is: are riddles really as hard as we think they are, or are we missing something?
Because these kinds of "P versus NP" questions are so practically important, many mathematicians, scientists, and computer programmers want to prove the general proposition, that every quickly-checked problem can also be solved quickly. This question is important enough that the Clay Mathematical Institute will give $1,000,000 to anyone who successfully provides a proof or a valid explanation that disproves it.
Digging a little deeper, we see that all P problems are NP problems: it is easy to check that a solution is correct by solving the problem and comparing the two solutions. However, people want to know about the opposite: Are there any NP problems other than P problems, or are all NP problems just P problems? If NP problems are really not the same as P problems (P ≠ NP), it would mean that no general, fast ways to solve those NP problems can exist, no matter how hard we look. However, if all NP problems are P problems (P = NP), it would mean that new, very fast problem-solving methods do exist. We just have not found them yet.
Since the best efforts of scientists and mathematicians have not found general, easy methods for solving NP problems yet, many people believe that there are NP problems other than P problems (that is, that P ≠ NP is true). Most mathematicians also believe this to be true, but currently no one has proven it by rigorous mathematical analysis. If it can be proven that NP and P are the same (P = NP is true), it would have a huge impact on many aspects of day-to-day life. For this reason, the question of "P versus NP" is an important and widely studied topic.
Suppose someone wants to build two towers, by stacking rocks of different mass. One wants to make sure that each of the towers has exactly the same mass. That means one will have to put the rocks into two piles that have the same mass. If one guesses a division of the rocks that one thinks will work, it would be easy for one to check if one was right. (To check the answer, one can divide the rocks into two piles, then use a balance to see if they have the same mass.) Because it is easy to check this problem, called 'Partition' by computer scientists—easier than to solve it outright, as we will see—it is not a P problem.
How hard is it to solve, outright? If one starts with just 100 rocks, there are 2^{100-1}-1 = 633,825,300,114,114,700,748,351,602,687, or about 6.3 x 10^{29} possible ways (combinations) to divide these rocks into two piles. If one could check one unique combination of rocks every day, it would take 1.3 x 10^{22} or 1,300,000,000,000,000,000,000 years of effort. For comparison, physicists believe that the universe is about 1.4 x 10^{10} years old (450,000,000,000,000,000 or about 4.5 x 10^{17} seconds, or about one trillionth as old as the time it would take for our rock piling effort. That means that if one takes all of the time that has passed since the beginning of the universe, one would need to check more than two trillion (2,000,000,000,000) different ways of dividing the rocks "every second", in order to check all of the different ways.
If one programmed a powerful computer, to test all of these ways to divide the rocks, one might be able to check formula_1 combinations per second using current systems. This means one would still need formula_2 very powerful computers, "working since the origin of the universe," to test all the ways of dividing the rocks.
However, it may be possible to find a method of dividing the rocks into two equal piles without checking all combinations. The question "Is P equal to NP?" is a shorthand for asking if any method like that can exist.
There are many important NP problems that people don't know how to solve in a way that is faster than testing every possible answer. Here are some examples:
In the example above, we see that with formula_3 rocks, there are formula_4 ways to partition the set of rocks. With formula_5 rocks, there are formula_6 combinations. The function formula_7 is an exponential function. It's important to NP because it models the worst-case number of computations that are needed to solve a problem and, thus, the worst-case amount of time required.
And so far, for the hard problems, the solutions have required on the order of formula_6 computations. For any particular problem, people have found ways to reduce the number of computations needed. One might figure out that a way to do just 1% of the worst-case number of computation and that saves a "lot" of computing, but that is still formula_9 computations. And every extra rock still doubles the number of computations needed to solve the problem. There are insights that can produce methods to do even fewer computations producing variations of the model: e.g. formula_10. But the exponential function still dominates as formula_5 grows.
Consider the problem of scheduling exams (described above). But suppose, next, that there are 15000 students. There's a computer program that takes the schedules of all 15000 students. It runs in an hour and outputs an exam schedule so that all students can do their exams in one week. It satisfies lots of rules (no back-to-back exams, no more than 2 exams in any 28 hour period, ...) to limit the stress of exam week. The program runs for one hour at mid-term break and everyone knows his/her exam schedule with plenty of time to prepare.
The next year, though, there are 10 more students. If the same program runs on the same computer then that one hour is going to turn into formula_12 hours, because every additional student doubles the computations. That's formula_13 weeks! If there were 20 more students, then
Thus, for formula_18 students, it takes one hour. For formula_19 students, it takes formula_17 years.
As you can see, exponential functions grow really fast. Most mathematicians believe that the hardest NP problems require exponential time to solve.
Mathematicians can show that there are some NP problems that are NP-Complete. An NP-Complete problem is at least as difficult to solve as any other NP problem. This means that if someone found a method to solve any NP-Complete problem quickly, they could use that same method to solve "every" NP problem quickly. All of the problems listed above are NP-Complete, so if the salesman found a way to plan his trip quickly, he could tell the teacher, and she could use that same method to schedule the exams. The farmer could use the same method to determine how many boxes she needs, and the woman could use the same method to find a way to build her towers.
Because a method that quickly solves one of these problems can solve them all, there are many people who want to find one. However, because there are so many different NP-Complete problems and nobody so far has found a way to solve even one of them quickly, most experts believe that solving NP-Complete problems quickly is not possible.
In computational complexity theory, the complexity class NP-complete (abbreviated NP-C or NPC), is a class of problems having two properties:
NP-complete is a subset of NP, the set of all decision problems whose solutions can be verified in polynomial time; NP may be equivalently defined as the set of decision problems solved in polynomial time on a machine. A problem p in NP is also in NPC if and only if every other problem in NP is transformed into p in polynomial time. NP-complete was to be used as an adjective: problems in the class NP-complete were as NP+complete problems.
NP-complete problems are studied because the ability to quickly verify solutions to a problem (NP) seems to correlate with the ability to quickly solve problem (P). It is found every problem in NP is quickly solved—as called the P = NP: problem set. The single problem in NP-complete is solved quickly, faster than every problem in NP also quickly solved, because the definition of an NP-complete problem states every problem in NP must be quickly reducible to every problem in NP-complete (it is reduced in polynomial time).
The Boolean satisfiability problem is known to be NP complete. In 1972, Richard Karp formulated 21 problems that are known to be NP-complete. These are known as Karp's 21 NP-complete problems. They include problems such as the Integer programming problem, which applies linear programming techniques to the integers, the knapsack problem, or the vertex cover problem.
Backstreet Boys, also known as BSB, is an American pop supergroup that became popular during the 1990s and 2000s. They are the highest selling boy band of all time with 130 million records sold. The members are Nick Carter, Howie Dorough, AJ McLean, Kevin Richardson and Brian Littrell. Kevin Richardson left the group in 2006 and rejoined in 2012.
Backstreet Boys originated in Orlando, Florida and was formed on April 20, 1993 by Lou Pearlman with the help of a producer, Lil’ Shy. The early line-up of the group were Howie Dorough (19), AJ McLean (15), Nick Carter (13), Sam Licata and Charles Edwards. However Licata and Edwards left in early 1993 for personal reasons. In April 1993, Kevin Richardson along with his cousin Brian Littrell completed the group.
After series of tours and the failure of possible Mercury Records, the Backstreet Boys was finally spotlighted in Cleveland, Ohio by Jive Records in February 1994. They recorded their very first single, “We’ve Got it Goin’, written by Denniz PoP and included in Backstreet Boys’ first self-titled album that was released in summer of 1996.
Comprehensive list of the recordings made.
Brighton &amp; Hove Albion F.C.
Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. are an English football team based in the city of Brighton and Hove, East Sussex, England. They began playing in the Premier League in the 2017–18 season.
Withdean Stadium
Withdean Stadium is an athletics stadium in Brighton, England. It is the home stadium of Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. This is no longer the case as Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. have moved to a new stadium, The American Express Community Stadium.
Isambard Kingdom Brunel (9 April 1806 – 15 September 1859) was an English engineer. He was born in Portsea, Portsmouth. He created the Great Western Railway. He built many steamships and several bridges and tunnels. His designs revolutionised public transport and modern engineering.
During his career, Brunel achieved many engineering "firsts". He assisted the building of the first tunnel under a large river. He designed the SS "Great Britain", the first propeller-driven ocean-going iron ship, at the time (1843) the largest ship ever built. He was the first designer of the Clifton Suspension Bridge. The bridge had a complicated history. It was a long span at a great height over the River Severn. Brunel died before the bridge was completed, and before the first voyage of his ship the SS "Great Eastern".
Crab-eating Frog
The Crab-eating Frog ("Fejervarya cancrivora"), is also known as the Asian Brackish Frog, Mangrove Frog and the Rice Field Frog. It is a frog native to south-eastern Asia including the Philippines and more rarely as far west as Orissa in India. Populations of the frog have been introduced into New Guinea and Guam.
The Crab-eating Frog lives in mangrove forests, in river estuaries, swamps, and other wet areas. It also lives in man-made places like rice fields and roadside ditches.
Humulus
Guillaume de Machaut
Guillaume de Machaut (pronounce: "GHEE-yoam de MA-show") (born around 1300; died April 1377), was a Medieval French poet and composer. He was the most important composer of the 14th century. He is one of the earliest composers whose life we know something about.
Machaut worked for John of Luxemburg, king of Bohemia, around 1323. The king travelled around Europe, fighting, and Machaut went with him, working as his secretary. After 1330 he became canon of several cathedrals. After John of Luxemburg died during a battle in 1346, Machaut worked for John's daughter Bonne (who later married King John II of France), then King Charles the Bad of Navarre, Charles of Normandy who became King Charles V in 1364 and the King of Cyprus. He also worked for wealthy dukes. With all that work it is surprising that he had time to compose. He seems to have spent his later years living in Rheins, working on his compositions.
Machaut wrote many motets and the secular songs, as well as many poems including rondeaus, virelais and ballades). Machaut wrote a mass known as "Messe de Nostre Dame". It is the earliest known setting of the complete text for the mass, and it had a lot of influence on later composers.
Many of his poems belong to the type which were known as "dits". A "dit" (meaning: "spoken") was a poem that was not meant to be sung. It was in the first person (the "I" form). Many of them are about a lover trying to get the attentions of a lady he loves.
Machaut's poetry had an influence on many later poets, including Geoffrey Chaucer.
Pérotin
Pérotin (lived around 1200), was a medieval composer. He was probably French. Nothing is known about his life except that he worked in or around Paris in the late 12th century to early 13th century. People have tried to find out who he was by studying the archives of Notre Dame Cathedral, but his name has not been found there. He probably had another name, and used the name Pérotin for his compositions.
Pérotin worked on a very important collection of polyphonic music called "Magnus Liber" (meaning: Big Book). The composer Léonin had written a lot of this music. He may have been Pérotin's teacher, but we do not know. He seems to have written music for four voices which are settings of words for the Feast of the Circumcision and St Stephen's Day. He wrote three and four voice music of a type called organum. It was a very important development in the history of Western music. He wrote music in a polyphonic style. Often he took a tune and arranged it so that one voice sang it incredibly slowly while another voice sang something much faster on top.
It is difficult to work out any dates for his works because of the way the music was written. Often it is not even clear what mode they are in.
Pérotin's music has been an influence on some 20th century composers who wrote minimalist music such as Steve Reich.
Stratford station
Stratford station is a railway station in Stratford, Newham, East London.
It is on National Rail, London Underground, London Overground and Docklands Light Railway (DLR) lines. It is served by the Underground Central and Jubilee lines, and by London Overground, Abellio Greater Anglia, TfL Rail and c2c. It is in Travelcard Zone 3.
To distinguish the station from Stratford-upon-Avon this station is called Stratford (London) by National Rail, and is sometimes referred to as Stratford Regional to distinguish it from Stratford International station away.
There were three primary goods facilities in the Stratford area in the steam age, although the nearby Stratford Works and engine shed generated their own traffic. A short distance to the north of Stratford station (on the line to Cambridge) there were marshalling yards at Temple Mills. There was a small goods yard north of the station on the east side of the line which occupied a constrained site. The mainstay of traffic was domestic coal although shortly before closure in the 1960s the site was used as a reception point for concrete components for the building of tower blocks in Newham.
There was a small depot at Carpenters Road about a quarter of a mile south of Stratford station. Opened in 1900, the depot consisted of four long sidings and primarily dealt with coal and building materials. It was closed on 7 December 1964.
There was a large depot at Stratford Market railway station. All of these three facilities were operated by the Great Eastern Railway up until 1923 before being taken over by the London & North Eastern Railway until nationalisation in 1948 when they became part of British Railways Eastern Region.
There was also a goods terminal at Bow operated by the Midland Railway which is still open today mostly for building materials. This yard operated as the terminal for building materials for the adjacent Olympics site.
Between Stratford and Maryland stations Windmill Lane cattle pens existed on the down side of the line whilst four private sidings belonging to Young & Martens were located on the up side.
During the 1960s part of the Stratford Works site was converted to the London International Freight Terminal (LIFT) which opened in 1967 and there was a freight liner terminal that operated on the far side of the Stratford railway complex (on the Channelsea Loop line) between 1967 and 1994. The former site is now occupied by the international station and shopping centre.
The nearby Stratford International station opened on 30 November 2009 (for preview services only). Since 13 December 2009 Southeastern began its full domestic high-speed service between London St Pancras, directly to Ebbsfleet International and Ashford in Kent. The Docklands Light Railway 'Stratford International' extension has provided a link between the two stations since 31 August 2011. There is also a walking route between the two stations passing through the newly built Westfield Stratford City Shopping Centre.
Despite Stratford International's name, no international trains call there, and Eurostar (currently the only international operator) has no plans to do so. Passengers instead interconnect on high-speed trains travelling to either London St Pancras or Ebbsfleet in Kent, there are a number of other potential operators that may use the station for international services. These include Deutsche Bahn's proposed London-Frankfurt/Amsterdam service and the proposed "Transmanche Metro" service to Calais via local stations.
In preparation for the Olympics and the Stratford City development, a new north-facing exit and ticket hall has been built. Both existing passenger subways have been extended north to connect with the ticket hall, and the abandoned subway at the eastern end of the station, which formed part of the old station complex, has been reopened and refurbished to allow interchange between platforms 3–12 and the new high-level platforms 1 & 2. A new pedestrian bridge has also been built to connect Stratford shopping centre with the Stratford City development. This also connects the mezzanine-level ticket hall with the northern one. The northern ticket hall and the footbridge opened along with Westfield Stratford City on 13 September 2011.
Stratford bus station is to the south of the station and Stratford City bus station is to the north. Both are served by bus services right across London and to the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park.
Léonin
Léonin (lived in the late 12th century) is the first composer we know about who wrote organum, a kind of church music. We know nothing about his life. He was probably French. He seems to have worked at Notre Dame Cathedral because he wrote a collection of music called "Magnus Liber" (meaning: Big Book), or, at least, he wrote some of it. This book has music for two voices. It was designed for services at Notre Dame. A younger composer called Pérotin did some more work on the collection, changing some of it.
Ipswich railway station
Dmitri Kabalevsky
Dmitri Kabalevsky (born Saint Petersburg, 30 December 1904; died Moscow, 18 February 1987) was a Russian Soviet composer.
Kabalevsky is particularly well known as a composer of children's music. He wrote a lot of piano music. Many of these pieces are short pieces for children who are learning the piano. He also wrote larger works such as concertos for the piano and violin. In 1918, his family moved to Moscow, where he had formal lessons in music at the Scriabin Musical Institute. He was known for attempting to get children involved in music. In 1925 he began his training at the Moscow Conservatory, studying composition with Catoire and later with Miaskovsky, also continuing piano studies with Goldenveyzer.
Symphony No. 5 &quot;Fate&quot; (Beethoven)
Symphony No. 5 in C minor, Op. 67 is a symphony by Ludwig van Beethoven. It is the fifth of his nine symphonies. It was written between 1804 and 1808. This symphony is one of the most popular and well-known works of classical music.
There are four movements: an opening sonata allegro, a slower andante, and a fast scherzo which leads straight in to the finale.
The symphony was first performed in Vienna's Theater an der Wien in 1808. His Sixth Symphony was also performed for the first time at the same concert. The Fifth Symphony soon became recognized as one of the most important musical works.
The symphony begins with a four-note "short-short-short-long" motif which is heard twice (slightly lower the second time):
The opening of the symphony is so famous that it has often been quoted. Other composers have used it in their compositions, e.g. Sergei Rachmaninoff in his song "Fate". It has often been used in popular culture, from disco to rock and roll, and in film and television. During World War II, the BBC used the four-note motif to introduce its radio news broadcasts because "short-short-short-long" spells the letter "V" in Morse code. The "V" meant "Victory". It was played very quietly on a drum. People in Nazi occupied countries who wanted to hear the news listened in secret to the BBC news because it was more likely to be true.
The third movement of the symphony uses this rhythm sometimes as an accompaniment.
When Beethoven wrote this symphony he was in his mid-thirties. He was becoming more and more deaf. He found this terribly hard to bear. He thought that he, of all people, should have perfect hearing. He felt very depressed, but he decided not to commit suicide, but to stay alive and write down all the music he had in his head. He wrote about this in a letter called the Heiligenstadt Testament.
The opening of the Fifth Symphony sounds very bold and heroic. The whole symphony sounds like a struggle which starts from those four notes. People have often said that those four notes represent fate knocking at the door. By the time we get to the last movement (the finale) the music has become major instead of minor. It sounds as if Beethoven has overcome his depression.
The fourth movement of this symphony is one of the first times a trombone or a piccolo is used in a symphony.
Spectrum of a ring
Commutative ring
Homotopies are studied in a branch of mathematics known as Algebraic Topology. A homotopy is a deformation (change of form) of one thing into another without cutting it. For example, if we imagine a stretchy object, then all the shapes we can stretch or twist it into are "homotopy equivalent". One famous example is the homotopy equivalence of a coffee cup and a donut. To a topologist, these two shapes are the same.
The first example of a homotopy that a topology student is introduced to is a homotopy between functions. A homotopy between two functions <nowiki>"f" and "g" provides a collection of functions that start at "f" and eventually become "g". What this means is that this homotopy takes a parameter and gives a function, and there is a possible parameter that gives "f" and one that gives "g"</nowiki>. Typically, we choose the interval <nowiki>"</nowiki>[0, 1]<nowiki>"</nowiki> because this has a starting and ending point, and numbers are allowed to vary smoothly within <nowiki>"</nowiki>[0, 1]<nowiki>"</nowiki>. To output a function, this means that the homotopy takes a second parameter, which is the argument of the output function. That is, if <nowiki>"</nowiki>f<nowiki>"</nowiki> takes a number in the interval and outputs pairs of real numbers, the homotopy takes a number in the interval as the parameter and another number in the interval for <nowiki>"</nowiki>f<nowiki>"</nowiki>. The homotopy then outputs the interpolated function evaluated at the given pair. That is, if <nowiki>"</nowiki>H<nowiki>"</nowiki> is a homotopy from <nowiki>"</nowiki>f<nowiki>"</nowiki> to <nowiki>"</nowiki>g<nowiki>"</nowiki>, then we know formula_1where formula_2and formula_3.
Music school
A music school or conservatoire teaches music in all its aspects. It may be called a college of music, or academy of music or conservatory (American English) or a conservatorium (Australian English).
Music schools exist at different levels: The term conservatory is often used for specialized university-grade schools that train people who want a career as a music artist, dance or theatre performer. These people then study how to play musical instruments, singing, composition, musicology, music history and music theory.
Several high schools also offer an education in music. In these high schools, the subjects are integrated into a normal school curriculum.
The third type of music school is independent of the other education a child or adults gets. These schools are often organised as associations, or they are run by a theatre. Pupils can learn how to sing, play an instrument, or be a dancer or actor in a theatre play, outside a context of regular schooling.
Turandot is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini, set to a libretto in Italian by Giuseppe Adami and Renato Simoni. When Puccini died he had not finished the opera. It was later finished by Franco Alfano. It was first performed at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan on 25 April 1926, conducted by Arturo Toscanini. This performance included only Puccini's music and not Alfano's additions. The first performance of the opera as completed by Alfano was conducted by Ettore Panizza.
The most famous song from the opera is the aria "Nessun dorma". This aria was sung by the three tenors Luciano Pavarotti, Placido Domingo and José Carreras, and used as the theme tune for the 1990 Soccer World Cup. This made Nessun dorma probably the best known of all opera arias.
Hurt can be one of the following:
Marsupial lion
The Marsupial lion, Thylacoleo, is an extinct carnivorous marsupial which lived in Australia from 1,600,000 to 46,000 years ago. It was the largest marsupial carnivore to have lived in Australia. Fossil remains on the dry Nullarbor Plain show that humans and climate change probably caused the extinction of the Australian megafauna about 45,000 years ago.
The animal was robust with powerfully built jaws and very strong forelimbs. It had retractable claws, unique among marsupials. This allowed the claws to remain sharp by protecting them from wear when walking. The claws were well-suited to holding prey and for climbing trees. The first digits ("thumbs") on each hand were semi-opposable and bore an enlarged claw. Palaeontologists believe that this would have been used to grapple with its prey, and gave a sure footing on tree trunks and branches. The hind feet had four functional toes, the first digit being much reduced in size but possessing a roughened pad similar to that of possums. It may have assisted with climbing. It is unclear whether the marsupial lion had syndactyly (fused second and third toes) like other diprotodonts.
It had strong claws and very powerful jaws. Biologists estimate that it had the most powerful bite of any mammal, alive or extinct.
It was able to hunt animals like the giant kangaroo and the giant wombat, but its big jaw would have made it hard for it to hunt and kill small animals. The marsupial lion could weigh up to . It was about long, and stood about tall.
Fossil bones of the marsupial lion have been found in caves on the Nullabor Plain. Scientists have estimated their age at between 400,000 and 800,000 years old. Cave paintings of marsupial lions in northwest Australia, discovered in 2006, depict them with a striped back, tufted tail and pointed ears. In 2009, after a long drought in southeast Victoria had dried out many lakes, a farmer near Ballarat discovered fossil footprints and a jawbone of a marsupial lion preserved in limestone in a dry lake bed.
Rooibos
Jill Biden
Jill Tracy Jacobs Biden (nee Jacobs, previously Stevenson; born June 3, 1951) is an American educator. Jill Biden is the First Lady of the United States. She is married to President Joe Biden. When he became Vice President in 2009, she became the Second Lady of the United States.
Jill Tracy Jacobs was born on June 5, 1951, in Hammonton, New Jersey. She spent most of her childhood in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. She attended the University of Delaware.
She met Joe Biden in 1975. They married in 1977. In 1981, their daughter Ashley was born.
Biden has taught high school for 13 years. She has founded several charities. As the new First Lady, she continued to teach part time.
Herbert Erhardt
Herbert Erhardt (born 6 July 1930 - 3 July 2010) was a German football player. He has played for the West Germany national team. He died in 2010, three days before his 80th birthday, during the 2010 FIFA World Cup.
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Leo Wilden (born 3 July 1936) is a former German football player. He played for West Germany national team.
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Horst Szymaniak
Horst Szymaniak (29 August, 1934 – 9 October, 2009) was a German football player. He played for West Germany national team.
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Willi Koslowski
Willi Koslowski (born 17 February, 1937) is a former German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.
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Hans Schäfer
Johann "Hans" Schäfer (19 October, 1927 – 7 November 2017) was a German football player. He played for West Germany national team.
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Hans Nowak (born 9 August, 1937) is a former German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.
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Jürgen Kurbjuhn
Jürgen Kurbjuhn (26 July 1940 – 15 March 2014) was a German football player. is a former German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.
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Jürgen Werner
Jürgen Werner (15 August 1935 - 28 May 2002) was a German football player. He played for West Germany national team.
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Willi Giesemann
Willi Giesemann (born 2 September, 1937) is a former German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.
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Hans Sturm (3 September 1935 – 24 June 2007) was a German football player. He played for West Germany national team.
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Engelbert Kraus (30 July 1934 – 14 May 2016) was a German football player. He played for the West Germany national team.
Kraus played in one match at the 1962 FIFA World Cup.
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Günther Herrmann
Günther Herrmann (born 1 September, 1939) is a former German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.
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Heinz Strehl
Heinz Strehl (20 July 1938 - 11 August 1986) was a German football player. He played for the West Germany national team.
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Heinz Vollmar
Heinz Vollmar (26 April 1936 - 12 October 1987) was a German football player. He played for West Germany national team and Saarland national team.
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Günter Sawitzki
Günter Sawitzki (22 November 1932 – 14 December 2020) was a German football player. He played for West Germany national team.
Sawitzki died on 14 December 2020 at the age of 88.
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Wolfgang Fahrian
Wolfgang Fahrian (born 31 May 1941) is a former German football player. He played for West Germany national team.
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Sepp Herberger
Sepp Herberger (born 28 March, 1897; † 28 April 1977) is a former German football player. He has played for Germany national team.
Han Solo
Han Solo is a fictional character in Star Wars played by Harrison Ford. He appears for the first time in "" as pirate and smuggler with his Wookiee friend, Chewbacca. He was voted as the second greatest "Star Wars" character, behind Darth Vader.
At first, Solo and his companion Chewbacca are hired by Jedi Luke Skywalker and Obi-Wan Kenobi to get Skywalker and Kenobi aboard the Death Star to save Princess Leia. While Solo seems to be interested only in being paid at first, he comes back to save Luke. Solo later falls in love with Leia.
In "", it is revealed that Solo and Leia have a son called Ben Solo (known as Kylo Ren) who falls to the First Order. Solo is killed by Ren towards the end of the movie after being stabbed by a lightsaber through the chest and falling to a deep shift.
A was released in 2018.
Hibari Misora
Hibari Misora was born in Isogo-ku, Yokohama, Japan. Her father was , a fishmonger, and her mother , a housewife. Misora showed musical talent from an early age after singing for her father at a World War II send-off party in 1943. When he saw this, he used much of his family's savings to allow his daughter to start a musical career. In 1945 she gave her first performance in a concert hall in Yokohama, at the age of eight. She used the name , which her mother had proposed. A year later she appeared on a NHK broadcast, and impressed the Japanese composer Masao Koga with her singing skill. He thought she was a prodigy with the courage, understanding, and emotional maturity of an adult. In the next two years, she became an accomplished singer and was touring notable concert halls to sold-out crowds. Her recording career began in 1949 at the age of twelve, when she changed her stage-name to and starred in the film . The film brought her nationwide recognition. She recorded her first single for Columbia Records later that year. It became a commercial hit, selling more than 450,000 copies. After that, she recorded "Kanashiki kuchibue", which was featured on a radio program and was a national hit. As an actress, she starred in about 160 movies from 1949 to 1971, and won many awards. Her performance in "Tokyo Kiddo" (1950), in which she played a street orphan, made her symbolic of both the hardship and the national optimism of post-World War II Japan. Her third single was from the film and was another hit, "Watashi wa machi no ko".
As a singer, she became known for her performance of enka, a sentimental form of Japanese popular music which emerged during the early part of the 20th century, and was renowned for her live performances, and singing which encapsulated the emotional pain of those who had suffered. Although she did not understand English, she made excellent recordings US jazz standards.
Throughout her career she recorded over 1,401 songs, with her best selling song "Yawara" selling 1.8 million times.
In 1973 Tetsuya Katō, Misora's brother, was prosecuted for gang-related activity. Although NHK did not acknowledge any connection, Misora was excluded from "Kouhaku uta gassen" for the first time in eighteen years. Offended, she refused to appear on NHK for years afterwards.
Health problems also plagued her in her later years. In April of 1987, on the way to a performance in Fukuoka, Misora suddenly collapsed. Rushed to hospital, she was diagnosed with avascular necrosis brought on by chronic hepatitis. She was confined to a hospital in Fukuoka, and eventually showed signs of recovery in August. She commenced recording a new song in October, and in April of 1988 performed at a concert at the Tokyo Dome. Despite overwhelming pain in her legs, she performed a total of 39 songs.
Her triumph was to be short lived. She had drunk a lot of alcohol for decades. This had weakened her liver, and her condition grew worse. On 24 June 1989, after being confined to a hospital in Tokyo, she died from pneumonia at the age of 52. Her death was widely mourned throughout Japan.
Beginning in 1990, television and radio stations play her song on her birthdate each year to show respect. In a national poll by NHK in 1997, the song was voted the greatest Japanese song of all time by more than 10 million people.
In 1994, the "Hibari Misora Museum" opened in Arashiyama, Kyoto. It traced the history of Misora's life and career in multi-media exhibits, and displayed various memorabilia. It attracted more than 5 million visitors, until it officially closed on November 30, 2006, as to allow a scheduled reconstruction of the building. The main exhibits were moved into the Shōwa period section of the Edo-Tokyo Museum, until reconstruction was complete. The new "Hibari Misora Theater" opened on April 26, 2008, and includes a CD for sale of a previously unreleased song.
People are unsure where Hibari Misora's parents were originally from.
Some people think that she was of Korean origins, and that both her parents and herself had Korean passports. Others disagree. After studying her ancestry, they think that her parents were not Korean, but rather Japanese.
Cool can mean:
Northumberland Park railway station
Angel Road railway station
Angel Road railway station is in the London Borough of Enfield at Edmonton in north east London. It is in Travelcard Zone 4, on the Tottenham Hale branch of the Lea Valley Lines. The station, and all trains serving it, is operated by Abellio Greater Anglia. It is partially located beneath the A406 road (which is named "Angel Road" at that point). Due to reconstruction of the A406 in the mid-1990s (involving grade-separation), the station no longer has an entrance on "Angel Road", with the only access via a footpath running south from "Conduit Lane" to the north. The station is unstaffed.
Snorks is an animated television series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions, and created by Belgian comics Freddy Monnickendam.
The Snorks are a race of small, colorful, fictional beings that live happily in the underwater world of Snorkland. They have snorkels on their heads, which are used to propel them swiftly through the water. As evidenced by the cartoon series, when a Snork becomes excited their tube makes a ""snork"" sound. Like the Flintstones or the Smurfs, they have much of the same technology as contemporary humans, adapted to their own aquatic environment. The Snorks use clams as currency, a reference to the slang word ""clam"", meaning ""dollar.""
According to the Snork back-story, a few ventured to the surface (which the Snorks believe is "outer space") in 1643, and watched a Royal Navy ship being attacked by pirates. The captain wound up in the water, and that was the first contact between the species when the Snorks saved his life, to which the captain then expressed his gratitude by writing a book about the Snorks, although very few humans believe in the existence of the Snorks. Since then, Snorks have adopted several human habits, such as wearing clothes.
Target can mean any of the following:
First Lady is an unofficial title used for the wife of a non-monarchical head of state or chief executive.
Some countries have a title, official or unofficial, that is or can be translated as "first lady". The title is not normally used for the wife of a head of government who is not also head of state.
First Gentleman is used where the head of state's spouse has been a man, such as the Philippines or Malta. While there has never been a male spouse of a U.S. President, "First Gentleman" is used in the United States for the husband of a governor.
First Spouse, a rare version of the title, can be used in either case where the spouse of a head of state is male or female. This term is used to promote gender equality and gender neutrality.
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Betulaceae
Betulaceae is a group of flowering plants also called the birch family. This includes the birches, alders, hornbeams ("Caprinus"), and hazels.
Iznogoud
Iznogoud is an animated series, based on French comic Iznogoud. Comic books of this are also available.
Ponders End railway station
Ponders End railway station is in the London Borough of Enfield in northeast London at Ponders End, and is in Travelcard Zone 5, on the Tottenham Hale branch of the Lea Valley Lines, 16 km (10 miles) north of London Liverpool Street. The station, and all trains serving it, are operated by Abellio Greater Anglia.
Brimsdown railway station
Brimsdown railway station is in the London Borough of Enfield in north east London. The station is in Travelcard Zone 5, on the Tottenham Hale branch of the Lea Valley Lines, 17 km (10¾ miles) north of London Liverpool Street. The station, and all trains serving it, is operated by Abellio Greater Anglia.
Enfield Lock railway station
Enfield Lock railway station is in the London Borough of Enfield in north east London, and is in Travelcard Zone 6, on the Tottenham Hale part of the Lea Valley Lines, on the West Anglian Railway. The station and all trains using it are run by Abellio Greater Anglia.
Enfield Lock was the main station for the Royal Small Arms Factory until it was closed in the late 1980s, and now it is used by the large housing development on the site known as Enfield Island Village and the Innova Science and Business park.
Waltham Cross railway station
Waltham Cross railway station, opened in 1840, is a railway station that serves Waltham Cross in Hertfordshire, England. It is also the closest railway station to Waltham Abbey, Essex, England. It is on the West Anglia Main Line, and train services are provided by Abellio Greater Anglia.
During the 2012 Summer Olympics, Waltham Cross station (along with Cheshunt, the next northbound station) served as the main access point for the Broxbourne whitewater canoe and kayak slalom.
Parbatya Chattagram Jana Sanghati Samiti
The Parbatya Chattagram Jana Sanghati Samiti (Bengali: পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রাম জনসংহতি সমিতি "Parbotto Chôṭṭogram Jônoshônghoti Shomiti", or PCJSS, ) is a political party formed to represent the people and indigenous tribes of the Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh. Since its inception in 1973, the PCJSS has fought for Autonomy and the recognition of the ethnic identity and rights of the indigenous tribes of the Hill Tracts. Its military arm, the Shanti Bahini was used to fight government forces and Bengali settlers in the Hill Tracts. A Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord signed in 1997 led to the disarmament of the Shanti Bahini and enabled the PCJSS to return to mainstream politics.
Fritz Herkenrath
Fritz Herkenrath (9 September 1928 - 18 April 2016) was a German football player. He played for West Germany national team.