AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Crane became a member of the Billiard Congress of America's hall of fame in 1978. In 1999, Crane was number eight on "Billiard Digest's" fifty greatest players of the century. In 1980 Crane retired from professional play. He stopped playing entirely in about 1996. On 17 November 17 2001, four days after entering a nursing home, Crane died of natural causes. He was 88 years old.
Snow Falling on Cedars (movie)
Snow Falling on Cedars is an 1999 drama movie that was produced by Ron Bass
Kathleen Kennedy, Frank Marshall and Harry J. Ufland and was directed by Scott Hicks. "Snow Falling on Cedars" was released on December 22, 1999 in North America. The movie received a 40% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 44 out of 100 from Metacritic. The movie was nominated for an Academy Award for "Best Cinematography".
Macrauchenia
Victoria River (Northern Territory)
Kapunda, South Australia
Uncountable set
Dietmar Kühbauer
Dietmar "Didi" Kühbauer (born 4 April 1971) is a former Austrian footballer. He played as midfielder. Kühbauer played also in the Austrian national football team. At the moment he works as coach of FC Admira Wacker Mödling.
He made his Bundesliga debut for Admira Wacker in 1987 at the age of 16. 1992 he went on to SK Rapid Wien. With this club he won one champion title and one Austrian cup. With Rapid he also played in the 1996 UEFA Cup Winners Cup Final against Paris St. Germain in Brussels. By the fans of SK Rapid he was elected into Rapids team of the century.He played five years abroad, 3 years for Real Sociedad in Spain and two years in the German Bundesliga for VfL Wolfsburg. Then he came back to Austria and played the last years for his youth team SV Mattersburg.
Dietmar Kühbauer played also 55 matches for the Austrian national football team and scored 5 goals. His debut was in May 1992 in a friendly match versus Poland. He was member of the Austrian team for the FIFA World Cup 1998 and played two matches versus Italy and Chile. His final match was in September 2005 also against Poland in a qualifing match for the FIFA World Cup 2006.
He started as coach of the second team of VfB Admira Wacker Mödling. In 2010 he became manager of the first squad which reached the title in the First league and was promoted to the Austrian Bundesliga.
2011 Vancouver Stanley Cup riot
The 2011 Vancouver Stanley Cup riot was a riot that took place on June 15, 2011 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
The riot took place after the Boston Bruins defeated the Vancouver Canucks in Game 7 of the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals. It happened immediately after the Bruins defeated the Canucks. There were at least 140 people that were reported as being injured in the incident, one critically and at least four people were stabbed. Close to 100 people were arrested.
People were angry over the result of the final game and threw objects at the large screens that were at the viewing area. They set fire to Boston Bruins flags, overturned and set fire to two vehicles in front of the main Canada Post headquarters. There were reports of similar car fires in a nearby parking garage that included two police cruisers. The rioters smashed windows and looted stores. The riot ended around midnight when people in the crowd either went home or were arrested. The mayor of Vancouver, Gregor Robertson, called the rioters "a small group of troublemakers". Several of the participants in the riot turned themselves in to the police after their faces were shown on TV, including the person responsible for setting the first car on fire. According to CBC News, the destruction caused by the rioters was worse than the riot that followed the Canucks loss in Game 7 of the 1994 Stanley Cup Finals, especially the looting aspect.
Hermann Stadler
Hermann Stadler (born 21 May 1961) is a former Austrian footballer. He is at the moment coach of the U 19 national team.
Hermann Stadler started playing football in his local club Oberndorfer SK. His professional career started in 1979, when he came to SV Austria Salzburg. 1983 he went, together with his friend Leo Lainer, to SK Rapid Wien. But in Vienna he did not play often, so he left the club and played a short time for SK VOEST Linz. Then he went back to SV Salzburg into the second league.
With Salzburg he had his most successful time as player becoming two times Champion and reaching the UEFA Cup final versus Inter Mailand. His career ended in 1996 after 380 league matches (323 for Salzburg, 48 for Rapid, 9 for VOEST Linz) and 38 goals (36 for Salzburg, 2 for Rapid)
He began in different positions mainly in the youth department with SV Austria Salzburg. Now he is coach of Austrias U 19 national team.
3 x: 1987 (with SK Rapid Wien), 1994, 1995 (with SV Austria Salzburg)
3 x: 1984, 1985, 1987 (with SK Rapid Wien)
1 x: 1985 (with SK Rapid Wien)
1 x 1994
Saw 3D
Musky rat-kangaroo
Dzong
A dzong is a Buddhist temple used for prayer.
Cambourne
Soham
Soham is a town and civil parish in East Cambridgeshire, Cambridgeshire, England. In 2001 there were 9,102 people living in Soham.
Tanami Desert
The Tanami Desert is a desert in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is rocky with small hills, an arid and isolated area that was not fully explored until well into the twentieth century. It is crossed by the Tanami Track. The explorer John McDouall Stuart made repeated attempts to cross the desert in the 1860's while trying to reach the Victoria River. He was unable to find water.
Under the name Tanami, it is one of the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) regions. The desert is uniquely "one of the most important biological areas to be found in Australia particularly as it provides refuge for several of Australia's rare and endangered species."
The species that are found include:
Significant bird species include:
The Tanami Desert is home to the Kukatja and Walpiri people. The Tjurabalan live at the edge of the desert.
Ludwig Leichhardt
Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Leichardt (1813—1848) was a German naturalist and explorer who explored the north of Australia. In 1844 Leichhardt led a small group from Moreton Bay in the south east corner of Queensland west to Port Essington in the Northern Territory. This was a trip of 4,828 km. They returned to Sydney by boat. He was presented with the Patrons Gold Medal by the Royal Geographical Society in London.
In 1848 he set out to cross the continent from east to west. He believed he could go north around the deserts to the coast of Western Australia, and then follow the coast south to the Swan River. After leaving the Darling Downs, Leichhardt's group disappeared. Many people searched, and there were stories about marked trees, or found items, but nothing was proved.
In 2006 a small piece of brass with Leichhardt's name on it proved to be a genuine item from the explorer. It had been found in 1900 by an Aboriginal stockman in Western Australia, close to the Northern Territory border, in the area between the Great Sandy Desert and the Tanami Desert.
A taxis (plural taxes) is an innate behavioral response by an organism to a directional stimulus. This means the organism automatically moves towards or away from the stimulus.
A taxis differs from a tropism (turning response, often plant growth towards or away from a stimulus) in that the organism has motility and shows movement towards or away from the stimulus source.
Even single-celled organisms can show taxis.
Euglena
Euglena is a large genus of unicellular protists: they have both plant and animal characteristics.
All live in water, and move by means of a flagellum. This is an animal characteristic. Most have chloroplasts, which are characteristic of algae and plants.
Euglenids are believed to descend from an ancestor that took up green algae by secondary endosymbiosis.
Over 1,000 species of "Euglena" have been described, and there are more to be discovered. Their relationships are being analysed.
When acting as a heterotroph (animal), the "Euglena" surrounds a particle of food and consumes it by phagocytosis. When acting as an autotroph, the "Euglena" has chloroplasts which produce sugars by photosynthesis. The chloroplasts use the pigments chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.
The number and shape of chloroplasts within "Euglena" varies greatly. "Euglena" are able to move through aquatic environments by using a large flagellum for locomotion. To detect light, the cell has an eyespot, a primitive organelle that filters sunlight into light-detecting, photo-sensitive structures. These structures, at the base of the flagellum, allow only certain wavelengths of light to register. With the aid of this photo-sensitive area, the "Euglena" can shift its position to get better photosynthesis.
The mobility of "Euglena" also allows hunting. Most "Euglena" are considered mixotrophs: autotrophs in sunlight and heterotrophs in the dark. "Euglena" do not have plant cell walls, but have a pellicle instead. The pellicle is made of protein bands that spiral down the length of the "Euglena" and lie beneath the plasma membrane.
"Euglena" can survive in fresh and salt water. In low moisture conditions, "Euglena" forms a protective wall around itself and lies dormant as a spore until environmental conditions improve. "Euglena" can also survive in the dark by storing starch-like paramylon granules inside the chloroplast.
"Euglenas" reproduce asexually by binary fission. There is no evidence of sexual reproduction. Reproduction includes transverse division and longitudinal division, which both occur in the active and encysted forms.
Starting in 2005, the Tokyo-based Euglena Company now markets "Euglena"-based food and beverage products. The fitness of "Euglena" for human consumption had been thought about before, but this is the first attempt to cultivate and farm it. The company's main production facility is on Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, where there is a favourable climate.
Euglena Company is also experimenting with the use of "Euglena" as a potential fuel source.
Walter Nausch
Walter Nausch (5 February 1907 in Vienna; † 11. July 1957 in Obertraun, Upper Austria) was an Austrian football player and coach. He played mainly for FK Austria Wien and was member of Austrias so called "Wunderteam". As coach he coached the Austrian national football team and reached with the team the 3rd place in 1954 FIFA World Cup, the best result a team reached ever in this kind of tournament.
Over two minor clubs Nausch came 1923 to FK Austria Wien, then named Wiener Amateur-SV. Other than most of the players in the pre-war eara Nausch came out of Viennas middle classes. In 1924 he reached the Austrian championship which stayed to only championship he reached. Between 1925 and 1929 he played for WAC, but retourned to Austria and shaped together with Matthias Sindelar the style of FK Austria in the 1930s. Although he was a midfielder he also played as forward and defender.
International success he reached in the 1930 winning two times the Mitropa Cup, an early form of the UEFA Championsleague. The first victory was in 1933 versus Inter Mailand (1:2;3:1) the second in 1936 versus Slavia Praha (0:0;1:0). As player he played from 1929 to 1937 in 39 matches for the Austrian national football team. He played many matches in the eara of the so called "Wunderteam". He did not play the 1934 FIFA World Cup because he was ehavyly injured in a match versus Bulgaria.
After the occupation of Austria in 1938 Austria Vienna was suppressed by the Nazi authoritys mainly because there were a lot of players and officials of Jewish origin. The Name was forbidden and they played under the name Sportclub Ostmark. Protected by his popularity Nausch often showed his disfavour of the nazis. As Nausch wanted to coach the team he was ordered by the authoritys to leave his wife who was of Jewish origin. He did not and fled to Switzerland. He became coach and player of Zürcher Young Fellows.
1948 Nausch came back to Austria and became coach of the Austrian national football team. He stayed with the team from 1948 till 1954. He formed a team with stars like Zeman, Happel, Hanappi, Ocwirk, Probst und Stojaspal. This team was almost so successful like the old "Wunderteam". In this time Austria reached the third place in the FIFA World Cup 1954 the best place an Austrian team reached ever. After being coach of the team he went to his old team FK Austria Wien which he coached from 1954 till 1955.
He died in 1957 because of a heart stroke.
Mercedes-AMG
Oculus is a Latin word which means "eye". The hole in the ceiling of the Pantheon in Rome is called the "Oculus".
Edward "Teddy" Purcell (born September 8, 1985 in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador) is a Canadian ice hockey right winger. He currently plays for the Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Los Angeles Kings and the Tampa Bay Lightning.
He was traded along with a 3rd round draft pick to the Lightning for Jeff Halpern. On July 10, 2012, he signed a three-year contract extension with the Lightning which would allow the Lightning to keep him through to the 2015-2016 season.
On June 29, 2014, the Lightning traded Purcell to the Edmonton Oilers in exchange for Sam Gagner.
Laura Sadler
Laura Ruth Sadler (25 December 1980 – 19 June 2003) was an English actress best known for her role as nurse Sandy Harper in the BBC One hospital drama series "Holby City".
Sadler was born in Ascot, Berkshire, and took up television acting as a young girl. She was spotted as a future talent at the age of 6 by Dustin Hoffman, who had seen her in a play. After the play had finished Hoffman asked to meet the young actress. Before joining the cast of "Holby City", her best-known role had been as the character Judi Jeffreys in the children's television series "Grange Hill" from 1997 to 1999. In a tragic coincidence, her "Grange Hill" character was killed after slipping and falling out of a burning building, paralleling her real life death 4 years later. Laura also then played the part of Skirty Marm in a new BBC1 children's comedy, Belfry Witches. Skirty Marm and her friend Old Noshie (Lucy Davis) were teenage witches banished to earth from Witch Island; settling in a sleepy village where they caused mischief.
In 1996 she starred in the feature movie "Intimate Relations" alongside Julie Walters, where she played a Lolita-like girl with a crush on her mother's adulterous lover. She joined the cast of "Holby City", a spin-off series from the long-running BBC medical drama series "Casualty", in the show's third series.
In the early hours of 15 June 2003, she fell 40 feet (12 metres) from the balcony of the Holland Park flat of her boyfriend and "Holby City" co-star George Calil after having taken alcohol and cocaine. She suffered severe head injuries, and never regained consciousness. Her family decided to remove her from life support on 18 June 2003 and she died at Charing Cross Hospital a day later.
Her boyfriend, Calil, then aged 30, who played her character's drug-dealing boyfriend Sean Hunt in "Holby City", was arrested for questioning before being released on bail. On 26 June police announced that the death was being treated as accidental and no further action would be taken.
Laura continued to feature in pre-recorded episodes of "Holby City" after her death. Laura's mother took part in writing her daughter's character Sandy out of "Holby City"; in the episode, which was broadcast in September 2003, her character won the lottery and subsequently emigrated to Australia.
Brevens bruk
Brevens Bruk is a minor locality in Örebro Municipality, Örebro County, Sweden. 121 people were living there in 2007. It is famous for a traditional Swedish midsummer celebration held every year. Thousands of people from neighbouring areas gather and celebrate. The celebration has drawn attention all the way to Germany and hundreds of German tourists share in the celebration.
Interstate 485
Clarence Clemons
Clarence Clemons (January 11, 1942 – June 18, 2011) was an American musician and actor. He as known on stage as the Big Man. He died in his Florida home after having a large stroke.
He was born in Norfolk, Virginia in 1942. His father gave him an alto saxophone for Christmas one year. Clemons' saxophone playing was an important part of early songs by Bruce Springsteen, including "Rosalita" and "Born to Run".
Clemons released his for solo album in 1983.
Flag of Wyoming
The Flag of the State of Wyoming has an American Bison in the center and the Seal of Wyoming in the middle of the bison. The flags original design was for the buffalo to face the opposite way.
Showgirls is a 1995 American movie by Paul Verhoeven. It stars Kyle MacLachlan, Elizabeth Berkley and Gina Gershon. It is set in Las Vegas, Nevada. The movie became the first — and so far, only — NC-17 rated movie to be given a wide release in the mainstream theaters. The movie got substandard reviews and flopped, but enjoyed success on the home video market, receiving over $100 million from movie rental. This movie has been consistently ranked one of the worst movies ever made, but has become regarded as a cult classic.
Nomi Malone goes to Las Vegas and hopes to dance in a show on stage: she wants to be a "showgirl." Nomi meets Molly Abrams, who makes costumes for a show called "Goddess", and they become friends. Nomi gets a job working as a stripper at Cheetah's Topless Club.
Molly introduces Nomi to the lead dancer of "Goddess", Cristal Connors. When Nomi tells Cristal she dances at Cheetah's, Cristal says that Nomi is a prostitute. This makes Nomi angry, so Molly takes her dancing at a nightclub. Nomi meets James, who works at the nightclub, but is arrested by the police for fighting.
Cristal and her boyfriend, Zack Carey, visit Cheetah's. Zach works as a manager at the Stardust, the casino where "Goddess" is performed. Cristal asks Nomi to give Zach a special dance in a private room. Nomi dances for Zach for $500.
A worker from the Stardust asks Nomi to audition for the a small part in "Goddess". Tony Moss, the show director of the show, makes Nomi embarrasses Nomi during the audition. Nomi is angry, so she leaves the audition. Nomi gets the job anyway, and she quits her job as a stripper. Cristal tries to make Nomi embarrassed when she starts work as a dancer in "Goddess". Nomi sets out to get revenge against Cristal. Nomi has sex with Zack, and Zack helps Nomi get an audition to be Cristal's understudy. Nomi gets the part as Cristal's understudy, but this makes Cristal angry. Cristal asks the Stardust to take away her role as an understudy. This makes Nomi angry, so Nomi pushes Cristal down the stairs. Cristal is hurt: she breaks her hip. Because Cristal is hurt, the Stardust makes Nomi the lead dancer in "Goddess."
Nomi tells a lie and tells Molly that she did not push Cristal down the stairs. Molly does not think Nomi is telling the truth, Molly ends their friendship. Later, during a party for Nomi's first night as the lead dancer in "Goddess", Molly is friendly with Nomi again. Molly meets a famous musician, Andrew Carver. Carver asks Molly to come to a hotel room with him. Carver and his security team hit Molly and rape her. Molly is hurt and goes to the hospital.
Nomi wants the police to arrest Carver, but Zack says Stardust will give Molly money to keep Carver safe: because Carver is a famous musician, the casino will ask Molly to to be quiet and not to tell the police about what happened. This makes Nomi angry. Then Zack tells Nomi that he knows who she really is: her real name is Polly, not Nomi; and used to work as a prostitute after her father killed her mother. Zack knows that she was arrested for using drugs and for prostitution. Zack tells Nomi that he will keep her past a secret if Nomi does not tell the police about Carver raping Molly.
Nomi decides that she has to help her friend, Molly. Nomi meets with Carver in a hotel room, and Nomi hits Carver until he is loses consciousness. Nomi then goes to the hospital to visit Molly. Nomi tells Molly that she knows what Carver did to Molly, and that Nomi hit Carver to punish him. Nomi then visits Cristal in the hospital to say she is sorry for hurting her. Cristal says everything is okay, and that her lawyers got a lot of money for her. Cristal forgives Nomi, and they kiss. Nomi leaves Las Vegas and goes to Los Angeles.
Sajóvámos
Sajóvámos is a village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county in Hungary.
The village is lying next to the Sajó river.
A minor road heading through Sajóvámos beetween Edelény and Felsőzsolca. There is another, even smaller road what connects the village with Road 26.
Sajóvámos was first mentiones in 1219 as "villa Vamus". It was an important custom house in the XIV. century.
Nervous tissue
Nervous tissue is the main part of the nervous system – the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. These control the body functions. It is made up of neurons, which transmit impulses, and the neuroglia cells. Neuroglia cells help and provide food for the neurons .A neuron is the longest cell of our body.
Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles
Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles is a 1994 American fantasy drama horror movie directed by Neil Jordan. It is about a vampire named Lestat who turns a plantation owner into a vampire. The movie is set in New Orleans during 1791, Paris in 1871 and San Francisco, California in 1988. The movie stars Tom Cruise, Stephen Rea, Antonio Banderas, Christian Slater and Kirsten Dunst.
The movie is based on the 1976 novel "Interview with the Vampire" by Anne Rice.
The Advertiser (Adelaide)
Utility software
In computing, a "utility" is a program or module which is used to give a general-purpose result, for many different uses. A utility is intended for a wide range of users, rather than an "app" (application program) which might be intended to serve a specific purpose for specific users.
For example, a utility program may handle computer files or guard against computer viruses.
Utility is a system software that corresponds towards analyzing, configuring and optimizing the computer.
The word "utility" has been used to mean a "general-purpose computing tool" for many decades, since at least 1960.
James Chambers (pastoralist)
James Chambers (1811–1862) was an English man who became a rich pastoralist (farmer) in South Australia. He is well known for funding the exploring costs of John McDouall Stuart from 1850—1862. Many Australian geographic features have been named after him including the strange rock formation, Chambers Pillar, and Chambers Bay.
WWE Capitol Punishment
In mathematics, the word "proportions" means two ratios put into an equation. Some examples of proportions are:
In algebra, proportions can be used to solve many common problems about changing numbers. As an example, for the increase in a $40 purchase of gasoline (petrol), if the price rose 35 cents, from $3.50 to $3.85, then the proportion would be:
The solution is simply:
Many other common calculations can be solved by using proportions to show the relationships between the numbers.
In statistics, a proportion is a number which measures the extent to which a specific characteristic is in a sample or a population. It can be thought of as a percentage. To represent a sample proportion, the letters formula_1 can be used. To represent a population proportion, the letter formula_2 can be used.
A proportionality constant is a number that is used to convert a measurement in one system to the equivalent measurement in another system. For instance, people who are familiar with the traditional system of units used in the United States (pounds, feet, inches, etc.) may need to find out the metric equivalent for these measures in grams and meters. To make these calculations, they would need some proportionality constants.
One way to write a formula showing how to use a proportionality constant K is:
KX = Y
For example, people may know that they have 100 eggs and want to know how many dozen eggs they have. The proportionality constant K is then 1 dozen/ 12 eggs.
100 eggs × (1 dozen / 12 eggs) = 8 dozen eggs + 4 eggs
In general, given two functions formula_3 and formula_4, if there is a constant formula_5 such that formula_6, then we say that "formula_7 is directly proportional to formula_8". In symbols, this can be written as formula_9.
Information (Classified album)
Catherine Wayne
Catherine "Catie" Wayne (born April 28, 1992), better known by her online name, Boxxy, is an American internet celebrity. She is known for her highly-energetic tone in her blogging videos. She rose to fame in late 2008 and early 2009 when she made videos anonymously under the name "Boxxy" and posted them to her Gaia Online profile. They were later posted onto the website iambored.com and spread to the website 4chan. This resulted in a large online following. She later became an Internet meme. She is known to wear heavy eyeliner and ramble excitedly about many different things while displaying "ridiculous" and possibly "fake" personality quirks. She is rated by the AOL channel's "urlesque" as #104 on its list of ""The 100 Most Iconic Internet Videos"". She was also mentioned in a Fox News report on Internet trolls.
2001 Bradford riots
The Bradford Riots were a short but intense period of rioting which began on 7 July 2001, in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. It was a result of heightened tension between the large and growing ethnic minority communities and the city's white majority. It was stoked by confrontation between the Anti-Nazi League and far-right groups such as the British National Party and the National Front. Similar race riots had occurred earlier in May in Oldham and in June in Burnley - other parts of northern England.
New Addington
100 Mile House
100 Mile House is a Canadian town and district municipality in British Columbia, Canada. 100 Mile House is in the South Cariboo region of British Columbia. The population of 100 Mile House was 1,886 at the 2011 census.
It was first called the Bridge Creek House after the creek that runs through the area. It is known for the many types of birds and for the nearby lakes for boating and fishing, including the Lac La Hache, Canim Lake, Horse Lake, Green Lake, and Bridge Lake. About 8 miles away from 100 Mile House is 108 Mile Ranch.
Ashcroft, British Columbia
Ashcroft is a village in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Ashcroft is found in Thompson Country in the Interior of British Columbia. The population of Ashcroft was 1,628 in 2011.
The village of Ashcroft was founded in the 1860s which was during the Cariboo Gold Rush, by two English brothers named Clement Francis Cornwall and Henry Pennant Cornwall who were the founders of Ashcroft Ranch. They emigrated to Canada from Ashcroft, at Newington Bagpath in Gloucestershire. The village is sometimes recognized as the "twin" to nearby Cache Creek, which is on the major highway unlike Ashcroft.
The village is sister cities with Bifuka, Hokkaido in Japan.
Cache Creek, British Columbia
Cache Creek is a Canadian incorporated village and historic transportation in British Columbia, Canada. Cache Creek is in the Thompson Country of the Interior of British Columbia. The population of Cache Creek was 1,040 at the 2011 census. The town of Cache Creek is on the Trans-Canada Highway. It is at the junction of northbound Highway 97. The name "Cache Creek" is believed to comes from a cache (a buried and hidden supply) and trade goods depot that was used by the fur traders of either the Hudson's Bay Company or the North West Company. The town is sometimes seen as the "twin" to nearby Ashcroft, which is not on the major highway unlike Cache Creek.
Clinton, British Columbia
Clinton is a Canadian village in British Columbia, Canada. Clinton is in the South Cariboo region of British Columbia. The population of Clinton was 578 at the 2006 consensus. The town of Clinton was originally known as 47 Mile House or 47 Mile but was changed to Clinton in 1863 because of the completion of the Cariboo Wagon Road which was in the area for Henry Fiennes Pelham Clinton.
Euclid's "Elements" (sometimes: "The Elements", "Stoicheia") is a large set of math books about geometry, written by the ancient Greek mathematician known as Euclid (c.325 BC–265 BC) in Alexandria (Egypt) circa 300 BC. The set has 13 volumes, or sections, and has been printed often as 13 physical books (numbered I-XIII), rather than one large book. It has been translated into Latin, with the title ""Euclidis Elementorum"". It is the most famous mathmetical text from ancient times.
Euclid collected together all that was known of geometry in his time. His "Elements" is the main source of ancient geometry. Textbooks based on Euclid have been used up to the present day. In the book, he starts out from a small set of axioms (that is, a group of things that everyone thinks are true). Euclid then shows the properties of geometric objects and of whole numbers, based on those axioms.
The "Elements" also includes works on perspective, conic sections, spherical geometry, and possibly quadric surfaces. Apart from geometry, the work also includes number theory. Euclid came up with the idea of "greatest common divisors". They were in his "Elements". The greatest common divisor of two numbers is the greatest number that can divide evenly into both of the two numbers.
The geometrical system described in the "Elements" was long known simply as "geometry" and was considered to be the only geometry possible. Today, that system is referred to as "Euclidean geometry", to distinguish it from other so-called "non-Euclidean geometries" which mathematicians discovered in the 19th century.
Occasionally in ancient times, writings were attributed to celebrated authors but were not written by them. It is in this way that the apocryphal books XIV and XV of the Elements were sometimes included in the collection. The spurious Book XIV was probably written by Hypsicles on the basis of a treatise by Apollonius of Perga. The book continues Euclid's comparison of regular solids inscribed in spheres. The chief result is that the ratio of the surfaces of the dodecahedron and icosahedron inscribed in the same sphere is the same as the ratio of their volumes.
The spurious Book XV was probably written, at least in part, by Isidore of Miletus. This book covers topics such as counting the number of edges and solid angles in the regular solids, and finding the measure of dihedral angles of faces that meet at an edge.
"Euclid's Elements – All thirteen books in one volume", based on Heath's translation, Green Lion Press, .
"The Elements: Books I-XIII-Complete and Unabridged" (2006), translated by Sir Thomas Heath, Barnes & Noble, .
Gene duplication
Gene duplication (or gene amplification) is any duplication of a region of DNA that contains a gene.
Gene duplication is important in supplying raw genetic material – new genes – to biological evolution. This has been recognized since the 1930s. Recent genomic sequence data show that duplicated genes are common in all organisms surveyed.
In classical genetics it may occur as an error in crossing-over during meiosis, or the duplication of an entire chromosome.
In non-classical genetics it may happen by a retrotransposition event.
The second copy of the gene is often relatively free from selective pressure. Mutations of it have no deleterious effects to its host organism. Thus it accumulates mutations faster than a functional single-copy gene, over generations.
A duplication is the opposite of a deletion. Duplications arise from unequal crossing-over that occurs during meiosis between misaligned homologous chromosomes. The product of this recombination are a duplication at the site of the exchange and a reciprocal deletion.
Gene duplication is believed to play a major role in evolution; this idea was first suggested 100 years ago. Susumu Ohno was one of the most famous developers of this theory in his classic book "Evolution by gene duplication" (1970). Ohno argued that gene duplication is the most important evolutionary force since the emergence of the last universal common ancestor (LUCA).
Major genome duplication events are not uncommon. It is believed that the entire yeast genome underwent duplication about 100 million years ago. Plants are the most prolific genome duplicators. For example, wheat is hexaploid (a kind of polyploid), meaning that it has six copies of its genome.
Normally, a big change in gene function is resisted because the original function is needed, but after a duplication one gene carries on the original function. Therefore, a change of function in the second copy is possible without loss of fitness.
This freedom from consequences allows for more mutations to be 'carried' in the population. Some of these might increase the fitness of the organism or code for a new function.
The two genes that exist after a gene duplication event are called paralogs and usually code for proteins with a similar function and/or structure. By contrast, orthologous genes are ones which code for proteins with similar functions but exist in different species, and are created from species-splitting.
In typesetting, the page margins (with header and footer) are the borders of the page outside of the regular text to be shown.
There are 4 main margins:
Other special margins can be used, beyond the typical 4, to provide additional margin settings on a page.
For webpages (such as on the Internet), the margins can be set by using CSS style sheet directives, such as:
Each page, and each image or formatted table on a page, can have the 4 margins set, separately.
Gladstone, South Australia
Gladstone is a small town in South Australia about 200 km north of Adelaide. In 2006 the population was 629.
It is in the middle of a farming area that grows wheat and raises sheep, but Gladstone is important because it has lots of very big buildings to store wheat, barley, durum wheat, peas, faba beans and fiesta beans. All together, these buildings store the biggest amount of grains in the Southern Hemisphere in a place not by the sea.
The railways are important to Gladstone so the grains can be moved to the sea and put on ships. The nearest place where this happens is Port Pirie.
The railways are also important to move the grains to the big cities in Australia. Gladstone is on the biggest railway line in Australia that goes between Sydney in the east and Perth in the west. Railway lines also go south to Adelaide, and north to other small towns. Now, all of the railway lines are 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) apart. This is called standard gauge. Before 1970, the railway lines going north were 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) apart (narrow gauge), and the railway lines going south were 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) apart (broad gauge). All three "gauges" joined together in Gladstone. Look at the photo to see this. This is very rare. Before 1970, there were only three places in the whole world where this happened.
Rosanna Arquette
Broadcasting House
Broadcasting House is the headquarters and registered office of the BBC in Portland Place and Langham Place, London.
Broadcasting House is home to BBC Radio 3, BBC Radio 4, and BBC Radio 4 Extra and also houses the BBC Radio Theatre, where music and speech programmes (typically comedy for BBC Radio 4) are recorded in front of a studio audience. It is also the headquarters of the BBC itself and contains the offices of key figures within the organisation, such as the Director General.
The Original Construction of Broadcasting House took place in 1932, and opened on the 14 May 1932, 8 years after the corporation was created and was built as a housing for all their current operations, of offices and radio operations. Architect George Val Myer designed the building in collaboration with the BBC's civil engineer, M T Tudsbery. The original interiors were the work of the Australian-Irish architect Raymond McGrath. He set up and directed a team that included Serge Chermayeff and Wells Coates and designed the vaudeville studio, the associated green and dressing rooms, and the dance and chamber music studios in a flowing Art Deco style. It was later said of his efforts that "the designs for the BBC gave the first real fillip to industrial design in England".
The building was designed with the radio elements, such as the studios, in a central location constructed of Portland stone. The remainder of the building was steel framed and faced with Portland stone on the outside. These areas housed the offices, so that they could be both away from the noise of the radio operations, and have access to daylight. Issues with local residents also caused the structure to be changed: The east side of the building blocked out the light to local residents, and after complaints and seeking the right of ancient lights, the building was changed so that the East side of the building had a sloped roof. The building also faced issues with the fact that both the Bakerloo and the Victoria lines of the London Underground, as well as sewers 100 years old ran under the site.
The building also incorporated other elements, the ground floor of the building was fitted with floor to ceiling windows overlooking the street, as it was believed that to finance such a project (costing £25,000,000 in today's money) they would need to rent out the ground floor as a retail unit. This however never occurred, as the Corporation expanded so quickly the space was needed by the BBC.
Talcahuano
Talcahuano is a commune, city and port in Chile with 171.383 inhabitants and an area of 92.3 square kilometres, all according to the census of 2002. Additionally, this city is known as the first military, industrial and fishing port in the history of Chile.
"Talcahuano" was declared and founded on 1764 like a port city by Antonio Guill y Gonzaga. This city and the port was well known by some American whaleships on 19th century.
The name "Talcahuano" comes from "Talcahueñu", in honor to the Araucanian chief when Spaniards came to the zone. "Talcahueñu" also means "Thundering Sky" on mapudungun language.
Volkswagen First Act
Volkswagen First Act is a guitar created by first act in partnership with Volkswagen.
Volkswagen initiated a campaign in 2006 in which the company gave away special edition First Act guitars along with a special series car. The stereos in these Volkswagen could be used as an amplifier for the guitar. An accompanying ad campaign featured guitarists Slash, John Mayer, and Nigel Tufnel of Spinal Tap playing First Act guitars through the sound systems of Volkswagen automobiles.
Halloween (1978 movie)
Halloween is a 1978 horror movie and the first film in the "Halloween" movie series. On Halloween 1963 in Illinois, six year old Michael Myers murders his sister. Fifteen years later, he escapes from a psychiatric hospital, returns home, and stalks teenager Laurie Strode and her friends.
It was remade in 2007. The movie's script was created and the movie was filmed in under twenty days.
On Halloween night 1963, in the town of Haddonfield, Illinois, six-year-old Michael Myers, dressed in a clown costume, stabs his older sister Judith to death with a kitchen knife in their home. Fifteen years later, on October 30, 1978, Michael's psychiatrist, Dr. Samuel Loomis, and his colleague, Marion Chambers, arrive at Warren County's Smith's Grove Sanitarium to escort Michael to court. Michael escapes the sanitarium, stealing Loomis' car in the process, and returning home to Haddonfield.
On the road, Michael kills a mechanic for his coveralls. He then steals a mask, knives, and rope from a local hardware store. The following day, on Halloween, Michael begins stalking high school student Laurie Strode after she drops off a key at his former house, so her father can sell it. Throughout the day, Laurie notices Michael following her, but her best friends Annie Brackett and Lynda Van der Klok dismiss her concerns. Loomis arrives in Haddonfield in search of Michael, visiting Judith's grave in the local cemetery, only to find her tombstone stolen. He meets with Haddonfield's sheriff, Leigh Brackett, Annie's father, and they both go to Michael's house, where Loomis tries to convince Sheriff Brackett about the danger Michael poses. Sheriff Brackett patrols the streets while Loomis waits at the house, expecting Michael to return.
Later that night, Laurie babysits Tommy Doyle, while Annie babysits Lindsey Wallace just across the street, unaware that Michael has followed them. When Annie's boyfriend, Paul, calls her to come and pick him up, she takes Lindsey over to the Doyle house to spend the night with Laurie and Tommy. Annie is just about to leave in her car when Michael, who had hidden in the back seat, strangles her and slits her throat. Soon after, Lynda and her boyfriend Bob Simms arrive at the Wallace house. After having sex, Bob goes downstairs to get a beer for Lynda, but Michael fatally stabs him. Michael then poses as Bob in a ghost costume and confronts Lynda, who teases him, to no effect. Annoyed, Lynda calls Laurie, but Michael strangles Lynda with the telephone wire just as Laurie picks up. Meanwhile, Loomis discovers the stolen car and begins searching the streets.
Suspicious, Laurie goes over to the Wallace house, and finds the bodies of Annie, Bob, and Lynda in an upstairs bedroom, as well as Judith Myers' headstone. Horrified, Laurie cowers in a hallway, when Michael suddenly appears and attacks her, slashing her arm. Barely escaping, Laurie flees back to the Doyle house. Michael follows, but Laurie manages to fend him off long enough for Tommy and Lindsey to escape, defending herself by stabbing him with a knitting needle, a metal hanger, and his own knife. Loomis sees Tommy and Lindsey fleeing the house, and investigates and sees Michael attacking Laurie. Loomis shoots Myers off the balcony; when Loomis goes to check Michael's body, he finds it missing. Loomis stares off into the night, while Laurie begins sobbing in terror. As various shots of the Doyle and Wallace houses are displayed, the Myers house is shown, as sounds of Michael's breathing are heard, leaving his whereabouts in further doubt.
Althea Gibson (August 25, 1927 – September 28, 2003) was a World No. 1 American sportswoman who became the first African-American woman to be a competitor on the world tennis tour and the first to win a Grand Slam title in 1956. She is sometimes known as "the Jackie Robinson of tennis" for breaking the color barrier. Gibson was a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority.
Althea Gibson was born at 9:00 am EDT on August 25, 1927 in Silver, Clarendon County, South Carolina to Daniel and Annie Bell Gibson. Althea had two siblings, a brother, Daniel Jr. (known as "Bubba") and a sister, Mildred.
Gibson played tennis while going to school for an education. In 1946, she moved to Wilmington, North Carolina, to work on her tennis game with Dr. Hubert A. Eaton and enrolled at Williston High School.
In 1958, Gibson retired from amateur tennis. Before the open era of tennis began, there was no prize money, other than an expense allowance, and no endorsement contracts. To begin earning prize money, tennis players had to give up their amateur status. As there was no professional tour for women, Gibson was limited to playing in a series of exhibition tours.
According to Lance Tingay of "The Daily Telegraph" and the "Daily Mail", Gibson was ranked in the world top ten from 1956 through 1958, reaching a career high of No. 1 in those rankings in 1957 and 1958. Gibson was included in the year-end top ten rankings issued by the United States Tennis Association in 1952 and 1953 and from 1955 through 1958. She was the top-ranked U.S. player in 1957 and 1958. In 1957 Althea became the first African American woman to win Wimbledon. She won again in 1958. In 1958, she appeared as the celebrity challenger on the TV panel show "What's My Line?".
In retirement, Gibson wrote her autobiography and in 1959 recorded an album, "Althea Gibson Sings", as well as appearing in the motion picture, "The Horse Soldiers." In 1964, she became the first African American woman to play in the Ladies Professional Golf Association. However, she was too old to be successful and only played for a few years.
In 1971, Gibson was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame, and in 1975, she was appointed the New Jersey state commissioner of athletics. After 10 years on the job, she went on to work in other public service positions, including serving on the governor's council on physical fitness. In later years, she suffered two cerebral aneurysms and, in 1992, a stroke. A few years later, Gibson called her former doubles partner Angela Buxton and told her she was considering suicide, as she was living on welfare and unable to pay for rent or medication. Buxton arranged for a letter to appear in a tennis magazine. Buxton told Gibson nothing about the letter, but the latter received nearly US $1 million from around the world.
Gibson was married twice. Her first marriage to William Darben took place on October 17, 1965, but the couple was divorced in 1976, eleven years later. Darben died in 1995. She was also married to Sydney Llewellyn on April 11, 1983 and was divorced from him in 1988.
On September 28, 2003, at the age of 76, Gibson died in East Orange, New Jersey due to infections. She was buried there in the Rosedale Cemetery, at Orange, New Jersey.
On the opening night of the 2007 US Open, the 50th anniversary of Gibson's victory at the US Championships in 1957 (now the US Open), Gibson was inducted into US Open Court of Champions. She was a 1994 inductee of the Sports Hall of Fame of New Jersey and 2009 inductee of the New Jersey Hall of Fame. In September 2009, the City of Wilmington, NC named its new community tennis complex the Althea Gibson Tennis Center.
Gibson became the first African American woman to join the Ladies Professional Golf Association tour, in 1964. Her best finish on the tour was a tie for second after a three-way playoff at the 1970 Len Immke Buick Open. Gibson retired from professional golf at the end of the 1978 season.
A = did not participate in the tournament
SR = the ratio of the number of Grand Slam singles tournaments won to the number of those tournaments played
Ciyos Guran
Common descent
In evolutionary biology, a group of organisms have common descent if they have a common ancestor. There is strong support for the theory that all living organisms on Earth are descended from a common ancestor.
Charles Darwin proposed the theory of universal common descent through an evolutionary process in "On the Origin of Species", saying, "There is a grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one".
The last universal ancestor (LUA) (or last universal common ancestor, LUCA), that is viewed by evolutionary theory to be most recent common ancestor of all currently living organisms, is believed to have appeared about 3.9 billion years ago.
In the 1740s, Pierre-Louis Maupertuis made the first known suggestion that all organisms may have had a common ancestor, and that they had diverged through random variation and struggle for existence. In "Essai de Cosmologie", Maupertuis noted:
Could one not say that, in the fortuitous combinations of the productions of nature, as there must be some characterized by a certain relation of fitness which are able to subsist, it is not to be wondered at that this fitness is present in all the species that are currently in existence? Chance, one would say, produced an innumerable multitude of individuals; a small number found themselves constructed in such a manner that the parts of the animal were able to satisfy its needs; in another infinitely greater number, there was neither fitness nor order: all of these latter have perished... The species we see today are but the smallest part of what blind destiny has produced...
All known forms of life are based on the same fundamental biochemical organisation.
Genetic information is encoded in DNA, and transcribed into RNA, then translated into proteins by (highly similar) ribosomes, with ATP, NADH and others as energy sources, etc.
The similarities include the energy carrier adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the fact that all amino acids found in proteins are left-handed (chirality).
Furthermore, the genetic code (the "translation table" according to which DNA information is translated into proteins) is nearly identical for all known lifeforms, from bacteria to humans.