AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
A sound change in a language is when the sounds of the language become different overtime. Since people of different languages or dialects often talk to each other, the way people talk becomes more like the way the others talk. Because of this, it is natural for languages to sound differently overtime. Sometimes it happens slowly, while in other times it happens quickly.
An example of a sound change in English is the Great Vowel Shift, when all of the long vowel sounds in Middle English changed into what they are today. This is why the way English is spelled is so differently from how it is spoken.
Spelling systems that do not change with the sound changes of a language are often more difficult for a learner to learn how to read in that language. These kinds of spellings are called fossilized spellings. These include spelling systems like English, French, Mongolian script, and Thai. All of these spelling systems have changed little for the past few hundred years, even though their spoken languages sound very different from how they used to sound. Spelling systems that change with the sound changes are often easier for a learner to learn how to read. These languages include Japanese, Turkish, and German.
Another much smaller sound shift in many dialects of English is the cot-caught merger, where words with lower back vowels like in "cot" and "caught" sound exactly the same to native speakers of certain English dialects and are spoken without any difference between the two sounds.
Mongolian script
Mongolian script was the first writing system to be used to write the Mongolian language. It is similar to the Arabic alphabet in that it is a cursive writing system, or a writing system where all the letters in a word always touch each other and change depending on if the letter is at the beginning, middle, or end of a word. It is a vertically written system, meaning that it is written top-to-bottom, and it is the only vertical writing system to be read left-to-right (all other vertical systems, like Chinese and Korean, are left-to-right). It is one of the two writing systems used to write the Mongolian language, alongside Cyrillic, in the independent country of Mongolia (which is sometimes called Outer Mongolia to distinguish it from Inner Mongolia) and the only writing system used to write the language in the Chinese autonomous region of Inner Mongolia. It is also used to write several other Mongolic and Tungustic languages such as Buryat, Kalmyk, Oirat, Manchu, and Xibe.
It is believed that the reason why Mongolian script is vertical is so that it could easily be written on the neck of a horse, which horses were a very important part of Mongolian culture. In the year 1208, Genghis Khan captured a Uighur scribe named Tatar-Tonga and forced him to make the alphabet of his native language, the Old Uyghr alphabet, be used to write the Mongolian language. It did not fit the Mongolian language well, and it was difficult to learn even for native Mongolian speakers.
In 1941, a few decades after Mongolia became a communist state, the Cyrillic alphabet replaced Mongolian script likely due to influence from their communist ally, the Soviet Union. After the fall of communism, Mongolia made Mongolian script official alongside Cyrillic to revive Mongolian culture. However, Cyrillic is still more common due to the lack of education in Mongolian writing, the lack of money to support it, and the difficulty of typing Mongolian on a computer. Also, more Mongolians can read Cyrillic than Mongolian script. In Inner Mongolia, on the other hand, most ethnic Mongols do not know Cyrillic and can only read Mongolian in the Mongolian script.
Autonomous regions of China
Manchu language
The Manchu language is a Tungustic language and it was the native language of the Manchu people before and during the Qing dynasty. The Manchus are the ethnic minority in China that overthrew the Ming dynasty in 1644 and took over the country. When they ruled, they formed the Qing dynasty. Manchu uses a version of the Mongolian script that was changed to better suit the language. For the first 200 years, it was the official language in the courts, although commoners still spoke Chinese. However, during the mid-1800s, it became more common for the Manchu nobles to speak Chinese as their first language. As a matter of fact, China's last emperor, Aisin Gioro Puyi, knew very little Manchu and spoke Chinese as his first language. Nonetheless, Manchu was still written alongside Chinese in official documents until the end of Imperial China. Even though China today has 10 million Manchus, only 20 people speak Manchu today. This makes Manchu a critically endangered language. Almost all Manchus today speak Mandarin Chinese as their first language.
Early Modern English is the period of the English language when both the written and the spoken English language begins to be familiar to English speakers today, or speakers of Late Modern English. That is the period in which William Shakespeare wrote his plays. What sets Early Modern English apart from Middle English is the Great Vowel Shift, when all long vowel sounds changed to their current sounds.
Zuma (album)
Zuma is the seventh album by Neil Young. It was released in November 1975.
Kuroko's Basketball
Kuroko's Basketball, known in Japan as , is a Japanese sports manga series created by Tadatoshi Fujimaki. It was published in "Weekly Shōnen Jump" from December 2008 to September 2014. An anime television series based on this manga was produced by Production I.G. It began airing in 2012. A second season of the anime began airing in October 2013 and a third season began airing in January 2015. An anime movie based on "Kuroko's Basketball: Extra Game" manga premiered in Japan on March 18, 2017.
"Kuroko's Basketball" was the third highest selling manga series of 2013. In 2013, around 8,761,081 copies of this manga were sold.
Jonas Furrer
Datto, Arkansas
Datto is a town in the US state of Arkansas.
Airbus A310 MRTT
Urbie Green
Urban Clifford "Urbie" Green (August 8, 1926December 31, 2018) was an American jazz trombonist. He toured with Woody Herman, Gene Krupa, Jan Savitt, and Frankie Carle. The 1980s and beyond saw a slowing down of Urbie Green's recording career. Both albums recorded by him during this period are live, straight jazz works; "Just Friends", and "Sea Jam Blues". In 1995 he was elected into the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame.
Green died in Hellertown, Pennsylvania from congestive heart failure on December 31, 2018, aged 92.
Hellertown, Pennsylvania
Hellertown is a borough in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, United States. Hellertown is located in the Lehigh Valley region of the state. The population of Hellertown was 5,898 at the 2010 census. Hellertown is located at (40.584099, -75.338139).
Warren Plunkett
Warren Francisco Plunkett (August 4, 1920 – December 30, 2018) was a former American football player and judge. He played as a blocking back on one season with the Cleveland Rams of the National Football League in 1942. He played college football at the University of Minnesota. He was born in St. Paul, Minnesota.
Plunkett died of complications from pneumonia in Austin, Minnesota on December 30, 2018 at the age of 98.
Carlos Sánchez (actor)
Carlos Sánchez (1935 – 29 December 2018) was a Colombian actor. He was known for playing Juan Valdez for over thirty years, from 1969 to 2006. He was originally a coffee farmer from Antioquia, Colombia.
Sánchez in Medellín on 29 December 2018 from a respiratory tract infection, aged 83.
Mãe Stella de Oxóssi
Mãe Stella de Oxóssi (born Maria Stella de Azevedo Santos, also known as "Odé Kayodê", 2 May 1925 – 27 December 2018) was a Brazilian priest and writer. She was the fifth "iyalorixá" (chief priestess) of Ilê Axé Opô Afonjá, a Candomblé "terreiro" in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil (where she was born).
Stella was trained as a public health nurse. She became the iyalorixá of Ilê Axé Opô Afonjá in 1976.She was known for writing on the beliefs and practices of Candomblé for the general public, rather than practitioners.
Stella died of a stroke on 27 December 2018 in Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil, aged 93.
Dick Van Orden
Merton Dick Van Orden (February 24, 1921 – December 9, 2018) was an American rear admiral in the United States Navy. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy. He was born in Austin, Texas. He was Chief of Naval Research from 1973 to his retirement in 1975.
Van Orden died of prostate cancer in Arlington, Virginia on December 9, 2018, aged 97.
Airbus CC-150 Polaris
Leo J. Dulacki
Leo John Dulacki (December 29, 1918 – January 4, 2019) was an American lieutenant general in the Marine Corps. He was born in Omaha, Nebraska. He served in the Corps during World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War.
During his 32 years of active service Dulacki held several important intelligence assignments in Moscow and Helsinki. He finished his career as Director of Personnel/Deputy Chief of Staff for Manpower at Headquarters Marine Corps.
Dulacki died on January 4, 2019, at his retirement home in Sun City West, Arizona, at the age of 100, 6 days after his birthday.
Sun City West, Arizona
Sun City West is a census-designated place (CDP) in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. The population was 24,535 at the 2010 census.
Georgy Beriev
Georgy Mikhailovich Beriev (Beriashvili) ( "Georgij Michajlovič Beriev"; "Giorgi Mikheilis Dze Beriashvili"; 13 February 1903 – 12 July 1979), was a Soviet aircraft designer and founder of Beriev.
Bernice Sandler
Bernice Resnick Sandler (March 3, 1928 – January 5, 2019) was an American women's rights activist. Sandler was best known for being the cause of the creation of Title IX, a portion of the Education Amendments of 1972.
She has been called "the Godmother of Title IX" by The New York Times.
Sandler died on January 5, 2019 Washington, D.C. at the age of 90.
Khosro Harandi
Khosro (Hosrov) Sheikh Harandi (11 September 1950 – 8 January 2019) was an Iranian chess International Master. He was a repeated Champion of Iran, he was a member of the national team in five Chess Olympiads. He also represented Iran at first board in 19th World Student Team Chess Championship at Graz 1972 (+6 –3 =3).
Harandi died on 8 January 2019 in Tehran at the age of 68.
Óscar González-Quevedo
Father Óscar González-Quevedo Bruzón (December 15, 1930 – January 9, 2019) was a Spanish-born Brazilian Jesuit priest. He was an investigator in the field of parapsychology. He was born in Madrid.
González-Quevedo died on January 9, 2019 from heart disease in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, aged 88.
Anatoly Lukyanov
Anatoly Ivanovich Lukyanov () (7 May 1930 – 9 January 2019) was a Russian Communist politician. He was the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR between 15 March 1990 and 22 August 1991.
Lukyanov died in Moscow on 9 January 2019, at the age of 88, after suffering from a serious illness.
Vice (2018 movie)
Vice is a 2018 American biographical comedy-drama movie written and directed by Adam McKay. The movie stars Christian Bale as Dick Cheney, with Amy Adams, Steve Carell, Sam Rockwell, Tyler Perry, Alison Pill, and Jesse Plemons in supporting roles.
The movie is about Cheney in his desire to become the most powerful Vice President in America's history. "Vice" was released in the United States on December 25, 2018, by Annapurna Pictures.
Beriev Be-200
Mikhail Gurevich
Mikhail Iosifovich Gurevich () ( – 12 November 1976) was a Soviet aircraft designer. He was in a partnership with Artem Mikoyan and co-founded the famous MiG military aviation bureau.
Artem Mikoyan
Artem (Artyom) Ivanovich Mikoyan (; ; – 9 December 1970) was a Soviet aircraft designer. In partnership with Mikhail Gurevich he designed many of the famous MiG military aircraft.
Han Zheng
Han Zheng (Chinese: 韩正; born April 1954) is a Chinese politician who is serving as the 11th First Ranking Vice Premier since 2018.
He first came to prominence as Mayor of Shanghai.
Wang Yi (Chinese: 王毅; 8 October 1953) is a Chinese politician who serves as a State Councillor of People's Republic of China since 2018.
Vital Kamerhe
Vital Kamerhe (born 4 March 1959) is a Congolese politician. He is the leader of the Union for the Congolese Nation ("Union pour la Nation Congolaise", UNC), an opposition political party. He was President of the National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 2006 to 2009.
After resigning as President of the National Assembly, he went into opposition and founded the UNC. He was a candidate in the 2011 presidential election.
On April 8, 2020, Vital Kamerhe, chief of staff and main political ally of the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Félix Tshisekedi, was placed in pre-trial detention in the Kinshasa central prison. He was heard during the investigation into the 100-day work.
On June 20, 2020, Vital Kamerhe, was sentenced to "20 years of forced labor" and 10 years of ineligibility and inability to access public office for embezzlement, aggravated corruption and money laundering, the court announced. of high instance of Kinshasa-Gombe. His co-defendant, businessman Samih Jammal, faces the same penalties and an expulsion order after their executions. The court also orders the confiscation of the accounts and properties of family members of Vital Kamerhe.
On July 24, 2020, the appeal trial of Vital Kamerhe, the chief of staff of Félix Tshisekedi, sentenced to 20 years in prison in June 2020, for embezzlement begins. But just opened, the appeal trial was postponed to August 7, 2020 for procedural reasons.
Bruno Tshibala
Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
The prime minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (, , ), is Congo's head of government. The current prime minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is no one since 7 April 2019
The position of prime minister was already present in the first government after independence of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with the first prime minister Patrice Emery Lumumba.
The position was restored in 1977, as the title of "First State Commissioner" which, in reality, was weak in comparison to the pre-war office of Prime Minister. The office became vacant in 1997.
President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
The President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (, , ), is the head of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
The constitutional mandate of the current president, Joseph Kabila, was due to expire on 20 December 2016 but was extended by him until the end of 2017. He was replaced by Félix Tshisekedi in 2019.
Article 72 of the Congolese constitution states that the President must be a natural-born citizen – or more accurately: – of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and at least 30 years of age. Additionally, the President must be free of any legal constraints on their civil and political rights.
Félix Antoine Tshisekedi Tshilombo (born 13 June 1963) is a Congolese politician. He is the leader of the Union for Democracy and Social Progress, the oldest and largest opposition party of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
On January 9, 2019, he was elected the President of the DRC.
Laurent-Désiré Kabila
Laurent-Désiré Kabila (November 27, 1939 – January 16, 2001), or simply Laurent Kabila ( ), was a Congolese revolutionary and politician. He was the third President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from May 17, 1997, when he overthrew Mobutu Sese Seko. He was assassinated by one of his bodyguards on January 16, 2001, aged 61. He was replaced as President eight days later by his son Joseph.
Pascal Lissouba
Pascal Lissouba (November 15, 1931 – August 24, 2020) was a Congolese politician. He was the first democratically elected President of the Republic of the Congo from August 31, 1992 to October 15, 1997. He was overthrown by the current President Denis Sassou Nguesso in the 1997 civil war.
Lissouba died on August 24, 2020 in Perpignan, France from problems caused by Alzheimer's disease at the age of 88.
Fulbert Youlou
Abbé Fulbert Youlou (29 June, 17 June or 19 July 1917 – 6 May 1972) was a laicized Brazzaville-Congolese Roman Catholic priest, nationalist leader and politician. Became the first President of Congo-Brazzaville on its independence.
Clément Mouamba
Clément Mouamba (born 1944) is a Congolese politician. He has been the Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo since 2016. Before he was Minister of Finance from 1992 to 1993.
In May 2021, Clément Mouamba and his government resigned.
Ai Yori Aoshi
"Ai Yori Aoshi" anime was directed by Masami Shimoda. It was written by Kenichi Kanemaki and animated by J.C.Staff. The series was made into an anime in 2002. A sequel, , set two years later started running in 2003. The anime was released in North America by Geneon. The manga was released in English by Tokyopop. Four visual novels were also released for the PlayStation 2, and for Windows 98.
Ai Yori Aoshi did well with its English manga release. Book one ranked number 45 on the top 50 Manga's sold of that month. With around 3,329 books sold, the series was at number 18 of 100 with Volume 6. It then soon fell out of the top 100 list for the other releases. The last volume ended at number 66 out of 100 on the sales list.
Arch Rivals
Arch Rivals is an American basketball arcade game from Midway Games. The game was released by Midway in 1989. It was billed by Midway as "A Basket Brawl". It has two-on-two full court basketball games in which players are allowed to punch other players and steal the ball from them.
"Arch Rivals" allows players to select from a variety of fictional teams. But arcade operators can change the team names to reflect real ones. Home versions of the game were put out for the Sega Genesis, Sega Game Gear and Nintendo Entertainment System.
The game was considered a precursor to the popular arcade basketball game "NBA Jam".
Basketball games generally follow standard rules: a full basketball game has four quarters with four minutes each. Both teams have two players each. A player can call for his teammate to pass him the ball or shoot it.
The difference between "Arch Rivals" and other basketball game titles is the ability to punch an opponent without any penalty and steal the ball away. The referee will only call shot clock violations.
Also in "Arch Rivals" are hazards, such as candy wrappers and soda cans thrown onto the floor. If a ball handler steps on these, he falls on the floor. He then allows his opponent to steal the ball from him.
There are eight players, each with a unique talent. They are:
If a basket is scored (for two or three points), several random scenes may be played. One is the coach yelling at his own players. Another has players from the other team being disgusted. Two scenes have cheerleaders saying: "Yay team!" or "Go team go!"
Sergey Ivanov
Sergey Shoygu
Laurie Dann
Laurie Dann (born Laurie Ann Wasserman; October 18, 1957 – May 20, 1988) was an American murderer who shot and killed one boy, Nick Corwin, and wounded two girls and three boys in a Winnetka, Illinois elementary school. She then took a family hostage and shot another man, non-fatally, before killing herself.
OpenVPN is a VPN protocol that utilizes an open-source code. This means the source code is openly available for anyone to access and develop.
An active community has formed around the OpenVPN project, which has kept it up-to-date and provided regular security audits to ensure it’s viability.
It is particularly known for its security and privacy as well as its adjustability.
OpenVPN typically works on any port and has five encryption algorithms to such as SSL, IPSec or SSH
For the best security and privacy, you should use AES 256-bit encryption, which is essentially unbreakable and should also use a TCP 443 port.
The TCP 443 port will make your connection similar to an https connection. It is essentially a secure connection which can help prevent website blocking and can help you bypass censorship.
For greater speed, it is recommended to use UDP ports, and you can select the default, Blowfish-128 cipher. This isn’t the absolute highest level of security, but for most people, it will suffice and will operate significantly faster than AES 256 on TCP.
Landing craft
Landing craft are small or medium sized boats. These boats help military troops move from their transport ships to the beach. They are also used to deliver supplies and vehicles to support troops. To get onto a beach, the landing craft has to be flat-bottomed. The lack of a proper keel makes them pretty uncomfortable in rough seas.
Boats are often used to deliver passengers from large ships to port areas. These are not called 'landing craft'.
Ambala district
Tupolev TB-1
Camas County, Idaho
Camas County is a county in the southern part of the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 1,117 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Fairfield.
Virginia McLaurin
Virginia McLaurin (born March 12, 1909 or 1917) is an American centenarian and community volunteer Born in South Carolina, she lives in Washington, D.C..
Her husband died in 1939 after a bar fight. She volunteers forty hours a week as a Senior Corps volunteer with the United Planning Organization's Foster Grandparents Program at the Roots Public Charter School. In 2013, McLaurin received a volunteer community service award from Mayor Vincent C. Gray in recognition of her voluntary work.
She gained national attention after a visit to the White House on February 18, 2016 to celebrate Black History Month, after which a video of her dancing with President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama went viral on social media.
She celebrated her 108th birthday with the Harlem Globetrotters.
In March 2016, McLaurin received the President's Volunteer Service Award for her work of daily service to schoolchildren in the nation's capital.
Caribou County, Idaho
Caribou County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 6,963 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Soda Springs.
Cassia County, Idaho
Cassia County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 22,952, people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Burley.
Thomas V. Miller Jr.
Thomas V. "Mike" Miller Jr. (December 3, 1942 – January 15, 2021) was an American politician. He was born in Clinton, Maryland.
Miller Jr. was the president of the Maryland Senate from 1987 until 2020. He was a state senator representing the 27th District, first elected in 1975. He is a Democrat. From 1971 to 1975, he was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates.
In July 2018, Miller was diagnosed with prostate cancer and the disease advanced in December 2018. He died from the disease on January 15, 2021 at the age of 78.
Clinton, Maryland
Clinton is an unincorporated census-designated place (CDP) in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. The population of Clinton was 35,970 at the 2010 census. Clinton is historically known for its role in the American Civil War for the Abraham Lincoln assassination.
Clark County, Idaho
Clark County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 982 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Dubois.
Hyde County
Hyde County is the name of two counties in the United States:
Charles Thomas Munger (born January 1, 1924) is an American investor, businessman and philanthropist. He is vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway alongside Warren Buffett. He is chairman of Wesco Financial Corporation from 1984 through 2011. He is also chairman of the Daily Journal Corporation and a director of Costco Wholesale Corporation.
Adams County, North Dakota
Adams County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 2,343 people lived there. The county seat is Hettinger.
Barnes County, North Dakota
Barnes County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 11,066 people lived there. The county seat is Valley City.
Benson County, North Dakota
Benson County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 6,660 people lived there. The county seat is Minnewaukan.
Grand Forks County, North Dakota
Grand Forks County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 66,861 people lived there. The county seat is Grand Forks.
Clute, Texas
Clute is a city in, Brazoria County, Texas. As of the 2010 United States Census, 11,211 lived in the city.
Liu He
Liu He (; born 25 January 1952) is a Chinese economist and politician. He is a current member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China, and a Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China.
Liu is the Vice Chairman of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), the deputy party group secretary of the NDRC, and the director of the General Office serving the Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission of the Communist Party of China, headed by Party General Secretary Xi Jinping. He was named vice-premier on 19 March 2018 and will be heading the Financial Stability and Development Commission.
Abakan (; Khakas: or ) is the capital city of the Republic of Khakassia, Russia. As of the 2019 Census, 186,201 people lived there.
Abernathy, Texas
Abernathy is a city in Hale County, Texas. At the 2010 census, 2,805 people lived there.
Archer City, Texas
Islam in Europe
Islam is the second-largest and fastest-growing religion in Europe. Most Muslim communities in Europe formed recently, but certain areas on the Balkans have a long Muslim history.
Islam entered southern Europe through the invading "Moors" of North Africa in the 8th–10th centuries. Many kingdoms and duchies in Spain, Portugal, Southern Italy and Malta have existed for centuries. After a series of conflicts and wars known as the Reconquista, these areas became Christian. Islam expanded into the Caucasus through the Muslim conquest of Persia in the 7th century. The Ottoman Empire expanded into southeastern Europe; it conquered large parts of the Byzantine Empire in the 14th and 15th centuries. Later, the power of the Ottoman empire faded, and it lost most of its territories in Europe. It collapsed in 1922. The countries of the Balkans still have large populations of native Muslims. Many of these Muslims have become secular.
The term "Muslim Europe" is used for the Muslim-majority countries of Albania, Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Transcontinental countries, such as Turkey, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan have large Muslim populations, as does Russia in the North Caucasus.
In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, large numbers of Muslims immigrated to Western Europe. By 2010, an estimated 44 million Muslims were living in Europe (6%), including an estimated 19 million in the EU (3.8%). They are projected to be 8% by 2030. They are often the subject of intense discussion and political controversy created by events such as terrorist attacks, the cartoons affair in Denmark, debates over Islamic dress, and ongoing support for populist right-wing parties that view Muslims as a threat to European culture. Such events have also fueled growing debate regarding the topic of Islamophobia, attitudes toward Muslims and the populist right.
The country where most Muslims live in western Europe today is France, where they account for 12.5% of the population. In the European Union, Bulgaria probably has the largest Muslim population, about 15 % of Bulgarians said they were Muslims.
Igor Sergeev
Igor Dmitrievich Sergeev (Russian: Игорь Дмитриевич Сергеев; 20 April 1938 — 10 November 2006) was a Russian politician. He served as a Minister of Defence of Russia from 22 May 1997 to 28 March 2001.
Igor Ivanov
Igor Sergeyevich Ivanov (Russian: Игорь Сергеевич Иванов; born 23 September 1945) is a Russian politician. He was a Foreign Minister of Russia from 30 September 1998 to 24 February 2004.
Freedom Conservative Party of Alberta
The Freedom Conservative Party of Alberta is a right-wing political party in Alberta, Canada. The party was created in 1999 as the Alberta First Party. In 2004, the party changed their name to the Separation Party of Alberta. In 2018, the party was renamed the Freedom Conservative Party of Alberta.
In the 2019 general election, the Freedom Conservative Party received 0.5% of the popular vote.
Derek Fildebrandt resigned as leader of the Freedom Conservative Party on April 30, 2019.
Wildrose Party
The Wildrose Party was a conservative political party in Alberta, Canada.
The party was the official opposition in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta after the 2012 and 2015 elections.
The party merged into the newly-created United Conservative Party in 2017.
Anthracycline
Zenzizenzizenzic is the eighth power of a number. Robert Recorde in "The Whetstone of Witte", published in 1557. Although his spelling had the last letter of the word as k.
This word is not used any more in math except as a curiosity. The Oxford English Dictionary has only one citation for it. It survives because it is unusual.
The root word, is the Italian "censo", meaning squared.
Zenzizenzizenzic is from a time when there was no easy way of writing the powers of numbers except as squares and cubes. The fourth power was represented by the square of a square. Zenzizenzic is a condensed form of the Italian censo di censo, used by Leonardo of Pisa in his famous book "Liber Abaci" of 1202.
The eighth power is by extension zenzizenzizenzic. Similarly the sixth power would be zenzicube, the square of a cube.
Zenzizenzizenzic has more Z's than any other word in English.
Gari
Bounty (chocolate bar)
Almyra, Arkansas
Almyra is a town in the US state of Arkansas.
Amagon, Arkansas
Amagon is a town in the U.S. state of Arkansas.
Anthonyville, Arkansas
Anthonyville is a town in the US state of Arkansas.
Aubrey, Arkansas
Aubrey is a town in the US state of Arkansas.
Lonsdale, Arkansas
Lonsdale is a city in the US state of Arkansas.
Marmaduke, Arkansas
Marmaduke is a city in Greene County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 1,111 in 2010.
Barton, Arkansas
Barton is an unincorporated community in the US state of Arkansas.
Buffalo City, Arkansas
Buffalo City is an unincorporated community in the US state of Arkansas.
Avoca, Arkansas
Avoca is a town in the US state of Arkansas.
Garfield, Arkansas
Garfield is a town in Benton County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 502 at the 2010 census.
Gateway, Arkansas
Gateway is a town in the US state of Arkansas.
Bethel Heights, Arkansas
Bethel Heights is a city in the US state of Arkansas.
Cave Springs, Arkansas
Cave Springs is a city in the US state of Arkansas.
Clearwater County, Idaho
Clearwater County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 8,761 people lived there. The county seat is Orofino. Founded in 1911, the county was named after the Clearwater River.
The county is home to North Fork of the Clearwater River, and a small part of the South Fork and the main Clearwater. It is in the county are the Dworshak Reservoir, Dworshak State Park, Dworshak National Fish Hatchery, and the Dworshak Dam, third highest in the U.S. The modest Bald Mountain ski area is between Orofino and Pierce.
Lincoln County, Idaho
Lincoln County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 5,208 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Shoshone. The county is named after President Abraham Lincoln. It was founded on March 18, 1895.
Little Flock, Arkansas
Little Flock is a city in the US state of Arkansas.
Crowley's Ridge Parkway
Crowley's Ridge Parkway is a national scenic byway in northeast Arkansas.
McDonnell Douglas MD-90
McDonnell Douglas DC-9
McDonnell Douglas DC-9 is a twin-engine, short-range jet airliner seating 110 passengers.
Edith Humphrey
Edith Ellen Humphrey (11 September 1875 – 25 February 1978) was an inorganic chemist. She was probably the first woman from Britain to get a doctorate in chemistry.
Edith Humphrey's father, John, was a clerk (secretary). Her mother, Louisa, was a teacher. John Humprey was poor when he was a child and wanted all his sons and daughters to get an education. Edith's two older sisters were teachers. One of her brothers was an inventor.
Humphrey went to North London Collegiate School, one of the first girls' schools in the UK to teach science. From 1893 to 1897 Humphrey studied chemistry and physics at Bedford College, London. When she finished her degree she went to do a PhD (doctorate) at the University of Zurich.
On 17 October 1898, Humphrey entered the University of Zurich. Her supervisor, Alfred Werner, found that Humphrey was talented, and made her his assistant. Humphrey worked hard, and was disappointed by the social life.
Humphrey was Werner's first student to successfully prepare a type of compound that were very important in his development and proof of his coordination theory. One of these compounds, the cis-bis(ethylenediamine)dinitrocobalt(III) bromide, was the first creation of a chiral octahedral cobalt complex.
Hurricane Willa
Tulsi Gabbard 2020 presidential campaign
The 2020 presidential campaign of Tulsi Gabbard, the U.S. Representative for Hawaii's 2nd congressional district began on January 11, 2019.
On October 19, 2018, "Politico" said that Gabbard was "weighing a 2020 presidential bid" but would not make an announcement until after the 2018 midterm elections. On December 12, 2018, on MSNBC's "Hardball with Chris Matthews", Gabbard said she was "seriously considering" running for president in 2020.
In a January 11, 2019 interview with CNN's Van Jones, Gabbard announced her plans to run for the Democratic presidential nomination and said she would officially announce "within the next week."
Pacers–Pistons brawl
The Pacers–Pistons brawl was a violent fight. It took place at a National Basketball Association (NBA) game between the Indiana Pacers and Detroit Pistons on November 19, 2004. It happened at the Palace of Auburn Hills in Auburn Hills, Michigan. The Associated Press called it "the most infamous brawl in NBA history." The media called it "the worst night in NBA history."
With 45.9 seconds left in the game, Pistons center Ben Wallace went up for a layup. He was fouled by Pacers small forward Ron Artest. Wallace was mad for being fouled when the game had been already decided. He pushed Artest. A fight took place on the court between several players. When the fight was broken up, a fan threw a drink at Artest while he was lying on the scorer's table. Artest then went after the fan. That caused a massive fight between players and spectators. The fight went from the seats to the court. It lasted several minutes.
After the game, the NBA didn't allow nine NBA players a total of 146 games. That led to $11 million in salaries being lost by the players.
Ron Artest, Jermaine O'Neal, Ben Wallace and Stephen Jackson were taken from NBA basketball playing for a time on November 20, 2004.
Artest was taken from NBA basketball playing for the rest of the 2004–05 season. He lost almost $5 million in salary. Jermaine O'Neal also lost more than $4 million for his part in the fights. The players who were removed lost a total of $11 million in salary.
Venezuelan presidential crisis
From early January 2019, Venezuela has been experiencing a Presidential crisis, with unclear leadership and terms of Presidency.
Despite encouragement to resign as president when his first term expired on 10 January 2019, Nicolás Maduro inaugurated himself. This resulted in widespread condemnation, the National Assembly invoking a State of emergency, and nations removing their embassies from Venezuela. With their belief that his election was illegitimate, they claimed that by retaking power, Maduro was converting Venezuela into an illegal "de facto" dictatorship.
Juan Guaidó, the newly appointed President of the National Assembly of Venezuela, began motions to form a transitional government as soon as he took the National Assembly role on 5 January 2019; whether Maduro took office on the 10th or not, the country would not have a legitimately elected president. On behalf of the National Assembly, he became one of the first to denounce Maduro taking office, saying that the country had fallen into a "de facto" dictatorship and had no leader, and that they were in a state of emergency.
Maduro's government states that the crisis is a ""coup d'état" led by the United States to remove him from power and control the country's oil reserves."
2019 Gabonese coup d'état attempt
On 7 January 2019, the Armed Forces of Gabon announced a coup d'état in Gabon. Military officers claimed that they had removed President Ali Bongo. Bongo became president in 2016 after a disputed election and protests.
Ali Bongo was receiving medical treatment in Morocco. While he was there, armed rebels in the capital city Libreville acted. They took hostages. They said that they had created a "National Restoration Council" to "restore democracy in Gabon."
During this time, the Internet was sometimes not available. It is unknown if the Internet was shut down by the rebels themselves or by civilians. Gabon's government later said that it had gotten control again.
Juan Guaidó
Juan Gerardo Guaidó Márquez (born 28 July 1983) is a Venezuelan engineer and politician. He is the President of the National Assembly of Venezuela and was a member of the Popular Will political party. He is a representative for the state of Vargas.
The Constitution of Venezuela lets the President of the National Assembly hold the role of Interim President of Venezuela if nobody else can have it. Guaidó took oath on 23 January 2019 to be interim president, because people rejected Nicolás Maduro as the president. Many countries recognize Guaidó as president, but others don't.
Guaidó grew up with a large family, who were middle-class but humble. His parents were an airline pilot and a teacher. One of his grandfathers was a sergeant of the Venezuelan National Guard, the other grandfather was a captain in the Venezuelan Navy.
He survived the 1999 Vargas tragedy which left his family temporarily homeless. He earned his high school diploma in 2000. The tragedy may have influenced his political views, he did not think that Hugo Chávez's government helped his family afterwards.
Guaidó has an undergraduate degree in industrial engineering. He was awarded this in 2007 at Andrés Bello Catholic University. He has two postgraduate degrees related to business, one from George Washington University in the United States, and the other from the Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Administración in Caracas.
He is married to Fabiana Rosales, a journalist, and they have a daughter named Miranda.
Guaidó was part of a student-led political movement that was set up to protest about an independent television network RCTV not being able to operate any more due to the government. He helped set up the movement when he was 23. This was also the year he graduated from Andrés Bello. The group protested other government acts, including the 2007 constitutional referendum, which Chávez lost.
Two years later, in 2009, Guaidó helped set up a political party, the Popular Will party. He is a member of this party. In 2014, he was the party's national coordinator. CNN says that he was "mentored for years" by Leopoldo López, a more famous member of Popular Will. Guaidó and López talk to each other a lot, even though López cannot leave his house. Guaidó was well known to other people in Popular Will, but was not famous to other people until 2019, when López said he should be leader of Popular Will.
In the 2010 Venezuelan parliamentary election, Guaidó was elected as a back-up representative. In 2015 he was elected to be the main representative, with 26% of the vote. He represents an area that used to not support his party.
Even though he wasn't very famous, Guaidó stopped eating as a protest so that there would be elections in 2015. In 2017 he took an important communications job in the National Assembly. In 2018, he became the person in charge of the National Assembly, because he was named the head of the biggest alliance in the National Assembly. He helped out by telling stories to people at the University of Arizona, who were looking at the conditions of politicians in Latin America.
In the National Assembly, Guaidó looked into the staff of Maduro being corrupt, and worked with outside people to take back money that had been stolen from the Venezuelan public. He took part in the 2017 Venezuelan protests. He has a scar on his neck after he was shot with rubber bullets.
Guaidó was elected President of the National Assembly of Venezuela in December 2018. He was sworn in on 5 January 2019. Relatives of other politicians who have been locked up were invited to the inauguration, where they stood on the balcony behind the banner of Juan Requesens. Guaidó is the youngest person to lead the opposition. When he was officially in the job, he said he would stand up to Nicolás Maduro, and gave an eight-point action plan to do that. The plan, which the National Assembly agrees with, has three phases and eight key points:
On 15 January 2019, the National Assembly made a plan to work with other countries. They asked these other countries to not let Maduro access his money or money that belongs to Venezuela. Guaidó wrote an article on 15 January 2019 in "The Washington Post". In his article he told people about the problems in Venezuela and how he can fix it. Guaidó spoke to the "Wall Street Journal" about his methods to lead people, where he says people should be "holding out a hand". He said that he would not lock up members of the army who stopped helping Maduro and helped him instead. Other country leaders nearby to Venezuela asked Maduro to not become president again in 2019, wanting a better election.
Guaidó was taken to prison for 45 minutes on 13 January 2019 by the Venezuelan secret police. The Lima Group and the person in charge of the Organization of American States (OAS), Luis Almagro, said that Guaidó being arrested was wrong. Maduro said the people who locked him up had not been told to do that by anyone official. Twelve of the people who did it were arrested for disobeying orders.
Guaidó said that the soldiers disobeying showed that Maduro was not in control.
Article 233 of the Constitution of Venezuela says that there are situations when the president of the National Assembly can take the job of president of Venezuela, if there is no other president. Lots of people thought that Maduro had not been elected in a way that paid attention to other rules in the Constitution, and so Guaidó could become the president. Guaidó agreed on 10 January 2019 and said that he would try to become president. The National Assembly asked for people to protest on 23 January. This is an important day in Venezuela, because it is on this day that they got rid of an old president who was a dictator. Lots of people all over the world protested on the day. Guaidó said that he was president. Maduro was not happy about this, blaming it on the United States (U.S.). Maduro said he would not deal with the U.S. The U.S., Canada, and several Latin American countries gave their support to Guaidó to be interim president on the same day; Russia, China, Iran, Syria, Cuba and Turkey supported Maduro. On 29 January, the TSJ began investigating Guaidó, stopping him from having his money or leaving the country.
The day after becoming the interim president, Guaidó asked for help for the people of Venezuela. The U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo gave him $20 million.
On 25 January, Guaidó made an Amnesty Law, which the National Assembly agreed with. It would help the National Assembly by supporting military personnel and authorities who help him.
He suggested that if Maduro gives up power, he may receive amnesty. In his first weekend as interim president, he held another public assembly, asking supporters to spread the word of the Amnesty Law throughout the country to military, police and other people it may affect.
Guaidó asked the Bank of England and British Prime Minister Theresa May to not give Maduro any of £1.2 billion of gold that belongs to Venezuela. He asked for them to give access to the gold to the opposition instead. In the same week, the US Treasury made sanctions to prevent US purchases from PDVSA (Venezuela's state-run oil company), and gave Guaidó control of some Venezuelan things in the country.
Carlos Vecchio was made the ambassador to the US for Guaidó's government. Gustavo Tarre Briceño was named by Guaidó as Venezuela's Permanent Representative to the Organization of American States. The National Assembly approved eleven diplomatic appointments on 29 January, including as ambassador to Colombia and Elisa Trotta Gamus as ambassador to Argentina.
In January 2019 Guaidó was recognized as the interim president of Venezuela by many individual nations in the Americas and around the world, and rejected by others, including the Chinese, Turkish, and Russian governments and the pro-Maduro Supreme Tribunal of Justice. The Supreme Tribunal of Justice of Venezuela in exile welcomed him as interim president.
The European Union did not say whether they recognized Guaidó as president of Venezuela, but did say on 23 January 2019 that it "fully supports the National Assembly as the democratically elected institution whose powers need to be restored and respected", adding that "the civil rights, freedom and safety of all members of the National Assembly, including its President, Juan Guaidó, need to be observed and fully respected". On 26 January 2019, Spain, France, Germany and the United Kingdom gave Maduro an eight-day ultimatum, saying they would recognize Juan Guaido as president unless Maduro calls for elections within those eight days.
The Organization of American States (OAS) made a decision on 10 January 2019 "to not recognize the legitimacy of Nicolas Maduro's new term". Luis Almagro, Secretary General of the OAS, recognized Guaidó on 23 January. In a special meeting of the OAS on 24 January, sixteen countries, including the US, recognized Guaidó as president, but they did not achieve the majority needed for a resolution.
"Time" magazine described Guaidó as charismatic, saying that he had "unified a divided opposition". He is known for "building unity among fellow legislators", according to a Bloomberg article. Michael Shifter said that he "has tried to reach out to the military, tried to unify the opposition and tried to reach Chavista folks as well". Guaidó is described by fellow politician Freddy Guevara as humble, sincere, a fighter, and "eternal optimist", and David Smolansky says that he "was incredibly brave [to challenge Maduro]". Vox interviewed an expert on Venezuelan politics who said that Guaidó was "uncharismatic", and compared him to former US President Barack Obama, saying they were similar at public addresses. "The Guardian" noted that Guaidó has adopted the same "rallying cry" as Obama's "Yes we can": "Sí, se puede!". An article in "The Nation" calls Guaidó a "second-string politician" who "simply declared himself acting president" in a brazen power grab. "The Guardian" reported concerns that Guaidó was allied with far-right leaders, Brazil's Jair Bolsonaro and the United States' Donald Trump.
In January 2019, within minutes of Venezuela's state-run media posting a video attempting to discredit Guaidó, the Instagram hashtag #guaidochallenge went viral, trending worldwide.
Dimitris Sioufas
Dimitris Sioufas (; 15 August 1944 – 11 January 2019) was a Greek lawyer and New Democracy politician. He was born in Ellinopyrgos, Karditsa, Greece.
He was first elected to the Greek Parliament for the Karditsa constituency in the 1981 general election, and has been reelected at every election since. He was Deputy Minister of Social Security from August 1991 to December 1992 and Minister of Health, Welfare and Social Services from December 1992 to October 1993.
From 2007 to 2009, he was Speaker of the Hellenic Parliament.
Rudolf Raff
Rudolf A. Raff (November 10, 1941 – January 5, 2019) was a Canadian-born American biologist, and James H. Rudy Professor of Biology at Indiana University. He was known for research in, and promotion of, evolutionary developmental biology. He was also director of the Indiana Molecular Biology Institute.
Raff died on January 5, 2019 at a hospital in Bloomington, Indiana at the age of 77.
Theo Adam
Theo Adam (1 August 1926 – 11 January 2019) was a German operatic Bass singer. He was born in Dresden. He had an active international career in operas, concerts, and recitals from the 1940s through the 1990s. His best known works were operas of Richard Wagner. On the concert stage, he was a much admired Bach singer and also drew acclaim for his work of the title character of Felix Mendelssohn's "Elijah".