AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
An octane rating is a measurement of how well fuels resist detonation. Modern engines use high degrees of compression. They therefore need fuel that does not detonate easily. Such fuel has a higher octane rating. The rating is done by comparing the fuel to the mixture of iso-octane and heptane that would detonate in the same way. Such a mixture of 90 percent iso-octane and 10 percent heptane has an octane rating of 90. Gas is available with lower octane ratings in the US than in Europe.
The octane rating of gasoline tells you how much the fuel can be compressed before it spontaneously ignites. When gas ignites by compression rather than because of the spark from the spark plug, it causes knocking in the engine. Knocking can damage an engine, so it is not something you want to have happening. Lower-octane gas (like "regular" 87-octane gasoline) can handle the least amount of compression before igniting.
Post-disco
The word "post-disco" refers to late 1970s and early 1980s music and movement of disco music. It has electronic/funk influenced (affected) sounds. Post-disco was invented by DJs and music producers in USA and the UK.
Post-disco music is similar to disco, however, is far more experimental and electronic based. Often composed by DJs or producers, it keeps many of disco's original characteristics, yet, it often incorporates synthesizers or sequencers within its composition.
Post-disco music is a little bit rare, hard-to-find songs can be found for example in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories on fictional radio station Paradise FM.
However, post-disco impact can be heard in styles like house, techno, electro, crunk, dance-rock, italo-disco or dance-pop.
Post-disco artists include Kashif, Mtume, Unlimited Touch, Kurtis Blow, Patrice Rushen.
List of post-disco artists
A list of post-disco musicians, bands, songs.
D. Train
D. Train is a R&B post-disco band from the New York, United States. They were formed in 1980. In band there is James "D-Train" Williams and Hubert Eaves III. Hubert plays on keyboard, bass guitar and drums, James uses vocals as a musical instrument. This duo have some hits on "Billboard Dance" & "Billboard R&B" charts. Their songs include "Keep On" (1982), "Walk on By" (1982), "You're The One For Me" (1982).
They also did the song named "Pokérap" from Pokémon soundtrack album "2BA Master".
Culture Club
Culture Club is a new romantic/post-disco-Pop band from the United Kingdom. They were formed in 1981 and split up in 1986. Members of Culture Club include Boy George (singing), Mikey Craig (bass guitar), Roy Hay (electric guitar, keyboards), and Jon Moss (drums, percussion). They have many songs that were successful and popular, for example R&B-influenced "Time (Clock of the Heart)" (1982) that entered the US Pop chart (#2 position), and UK Pop chart (#3 position) or "I'll Tumble 4 Ya" (1983).
In 1998 the band reunited and did some reunion tours. It was a major success.
In 2018, they made a new album called Life. They also did a tour called the Life Tour.
Some members of Culture Club were LGBT.
Kool &amp; The Gang
Kool & The Gang is a crossover R&B-pop band from Jersey City, USA. They were formed in 1964 as a jazz band called The Jazziacs. In 1969 they signed to De-Lite Records and published their self-named album.
In late 1970s they switched from pure deep funk to disco and they were more successful.
In band there is Robert Bell, Ronald Bell, George Brown, Dennis Thomas, Robert Mickens, Clifford Adams, James Taylor, Sonnie Martin, Rodney Ellis, Jirmad Gordon, and Shawn McQuiller.
Their song "Jungle Boogie" appears in 1994 movie "Pulp Fiction".
John Eric Ensign (born March 25, 1958) is an American veterinarian and former politician. He served as Senator of Nevada from 2001 to 2011. He resigned on May 3, 2011 due to an ethics violation of Senate rules. He was involved in a sex scandal because of a relationship with a Senate aide.
On April 21, 2011, he said he would resign from office on May 3, stating that he "will not continue to subject my family, my constituents, or the Senate to any further rounds of investigation, depositions, drawn out proceedings, or especially public hearings."
Vampirefreaks.com
Pascal's Wager (or Pascal's Gambit) is the name for an idea that Blaise Pascal had. He said that it is not possible to prove or disprove that God exists. Therefore, it is better to bet that God exists. If God existed, and the person believed in God, he would be rewarded (with happiness forever); if the person did not believe, he would be punished (with what is called "eternal damnation"). If God did not exist it would make no difference. For this reason, it would be better to believe in God, Pascal said. Indeed, Pascal strongly believed in this ideal.
Pascal's argument is a simple one: reason and intellect cannot decide the question of whether God exists or not; therefore, it makes sense to choose the option that would benefit us most should we be right. Accordingly, the options would be as follows:
1. You may live a religious and moral life and be rewarded by eternal happiness.
2. You may live a pleasure-seeking life and be denied eternal happiness.
3. You may live a holy life but there is actually no God or eternal life.
4. You may live a pleasure-seeking life but it makes no difference because there is no God.
For Pascal, the first of these options is the most important one because it represents the maximum gain and loss. Even if it should turn out that there is no God, the sheer risk of deciding against such a possibility warrants that we should take that option.
The argument from inconsistent revelations shows we have no idea which hell to avoid since many different religions exist with different beliefs about hell. Within religions there are different denominations and sects with different ideas about heaven and hell. If we try to avoid the hell that Christians believe in we are at risk from the hell Muslims believe. So it goes on. Perhaps god does not like people who accept Pascal's Wager but god may not mind that atheists doubt. Atheists and believers could both be in trouble or neither could be in trouble.
Further two of the three Abrahamic religions, Christianity and Islam claim worshiping other gods is sinful. Judaism, however is different, being older and clarifies that as long as you acknowledge the existence of the G-D of Abraham, and don't blaspheme the name, you do not need to worship any deity, and may worship any you like. The loss of understanding and ignoring the Noahide Laws has muddled the issue.
We have no proof that any particular deity is real, but as there is no wrong deity as long as you acknowledge the Abrahamic one, meaning Paschal's Wager stands, belief is the only safe bet.
Pierre de Fermat and Pascal created probability theory. Pascal's Wager was very important for the time, because it did new things with probability theory. It is also one of the first tries to use the concept of infinity, and the first use of decision theory. It was important for other philosophers who developed the ideas of pragmatism and voluntarism.
Pig (dice)
Pig is a jeopardy (risk) dice game played with one die. In jeopardy dice games, a player decides to "roll" or "hold" (stop rolling). A player that rolls risks a turn total, and may gain a higher turn total or score nothing. A player that holds scores the turn total.
John Scarne wrote about Pig as a common dice game in 1945. Optimal (perfect) play has been computed.
Teachers often use Pig for fun lessons.
On a player's turn, a player can roll or hold:
The first player to score 100 or more points wins.
For example, Ann begins a turn with a roll of 5. She could hold and score 5 points, but she decides to roll again. Next, Ann rolls a 2. She could hold with a turn total of 7 points (2 + 5 = 7), but she decides to roll again. Next, Ann rolls a 1 ("pig"). She must end her turn. Her score does not change. She hands the dice to the next player, Bob.
Bob rolls a 4, 5, 3, 5, and 5. He then decides to hold. Bob adds 4 + 5 + 3 + 5 + 5 = 22 points to his score.
Scott Free Productions
Scott Free Productions is a British movie and television production company by brothers Ridley Scott and Tony Scott.
Women's National Basketball Association
The Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) is an American professional basketball league for women. The league first held games in June 1997. The WNBA has thirteen teams across the United States.
The games have two 20-minute halves with a 30-second shot clock. Each team has eleven players on it. The ball used for the games is one inch smaller than the ball used in the National Basketball Association (the professional basketball league for men in the United States).
Tamworth, New South Wales
Tamworth is a city in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia. It has a population of just over 42,000. Tamworth is famous for its country music festival held every year in January. It's the second biggest country music festival in the world. It was the first city in the Southern Hemisphere to have electric street lights.
New Zealand Dollar
The New Zealand Dollar (NZD) is the money used in New Zealand, Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau and the Pitcairn Islands. It has been in use since 1967, before that the New Zealand Pound was used. One dollar is equal to 100 cents. It is normally used with the $ or NZ$ to show it is the New Zealand Dollar.
From 1967 the coins being used were 1 cent, 2 cents, 5 cents, 10 cents, 20 cents and 50 cents. the 1 cent and 2 cent coins being made of copper and the rest being made in cupro-nickel. In 1987 the 1 cent and 2 cent coins stopped being made and were not used anymore by 1990. In 1991 the 1 dollar and 2 dollar banknotes got changed into coins. They were made of aluminium-bronze. In 2006 the New Zealand Government decided to stop using the 5 cent coin and make all the other coins expect for the 1 and 2 dollar coins smaller. They also made the new smaller 10 cent coin copper.
The first paper banknotes were printed in 1967. The one, two, five, ten, twenty and one hundred dollar notes. The one and two dollar notes were replaced by coins in 1991. In 1983 a 50 dollar banknote was introduced. In 1999, New Zealand changed from paper banknotes to polymer banknotes.
Romeo Castelen
Romeo Castelen (born 3 May 1983) is a Dutch football player. He plays for Hamburger SV.
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Al-Wakrah S.C.
Al-Gharafa S.C.
Al-Gharafa Sports Club is a professional sports club based in Doha, Qatar which plays in the Qatar Star League and is one of the most successful in the history of Qatar football, winning many trophies. Al-Gharafa has won a Sixteen titles, seven QSL League, Six Prince Cups, two Crown Pirnce Cups and one Arab league Cup.
Al-Gharafa S.C. is a football club which plays in Qatar.
Hebephilia
Hebephilia is when adults are mostly or only sexually attracted to people from early puberty until their mid-teenage years (generally between 11 and 14 years).
Adults with this attraction are called "hebephiles" or "hebophiles." The word "hebephilia" comes from Greek: "Hebe" is the Greek goddess of youth, and "philia" means "love". These days, many media reports cover hebephilic acts between female teachers and young students.
Alan Smith (born 28 October 1980) is an English footballer. He plays for Newcastle United.
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Ephebophilia
Ephebophilia is when an adult is mostly or only sexually attracted to post-pubescent teenagers—usually those in the age range 15–19. Adults with this attraction are called "ephebophiles". Ephebophilia is not just the sexual attraction to teenage partners but is when an adult prefers such sexual partners.
Specific words are used by scientists for chronophilias, which is when people are mostly or only sexually attracted to specific age groups. Along with "ephebophilia", another example is "hebephilia", which means that a person is mostly or only sexually attracted to younger pubescent people. The word "pedophilia" means that a person is mostly or only sexually attracted to pre-pubescent children; but the term "pedophilia" is commonly misused to refer to any sexual interest in minors under the age of 18, even if they're post-pubescent.
The Bash (2009)
Oblate spheroid
An oblate spheroid is a famous shape. It is the shape of the Earth and some other planets. It is like a sphere squashed from the top so the circumference around the poles is less than the circumference around the equator. Shapes of this type are called ellipsoids.
Oblate spheroids have rotational symmetry around an axis from pole to pole.
Many planets, including the Earth and Saturn, are oblate spheroids. The difference between a sphere and the Earth's shape is small, only about one part in 300.
Stars spin, and some spin very fast. The faster the spin, the flatter the oblate spheroid. The Sun rotates at 2 km per second, neutron stars have speeds of thousands of km/sec.
In 1687 Isaac Newton published the "Principia". He included a proof that a rotating self-gravitating fluid body in equilibrium takes the form of an oblate ellipsoid of revolution (a spheroid). The amount of flattening depends on the density and the balance of gravitational force and centrifugal force.
In other words, the Earth is a spheroid because it rotates. Gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn are flattened by rotation more than the Earth.
Unforgiven: In Your House
Unforgiven: In Your House was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on April 26, 1998 at Greensboro Coliseum in Greensboro, North Carolina. It was the 21st pay-per-view to be held under the WWF's In Your House name. The PPV was also the first to use the "scratch" logo for their promotional work, while WrestleMania XIV featured the logo on the ring apron, the official graphic still featured the New Generation logo. The pay-per-view also held the first ever Inferno Match and WWF's first evening gown match.
Venice and Dalmatia
Venice and Dalmatia were an Italian city-state and an eastern adriatic region very much related from the Middle Ages until the 19th century.
Venice influenced Dalmatia commercially since the times of Charlemagne. But only at the end of the first millennium the Republic of Venice started to conquest Dalmatia.
Indeed, after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Illyrian towns on the dalmatian coast continued to speak Latin and their language evolved relatively independent from other Romance languages, progressing toward a regional variant and finally to a distinct language called "Dalmatian language".
The earliest reference on the language dates from the 10th century and it is estimated that about 50,000 people spoke it at that time (according to the linguist Matteo Bartoli).
The Dalmatian language is an extinct Romance language that was spoken along the eastern Adriatic in the Dalmatian coast from Fiume (Rijeka) as far south as Kotor (Cattaro) in Montenegro.
The Dalmatian speakers lived mainly in the coastal towns of Zadar, Trogir, Split, Dubrovnik and Kotor ("Zara, Traù, Spalato, Ragusa" and "Cattaro" in Italian), each of these cities having a local dialect, and also on the islands of Krk, Cres and Rab ("Veglia, Cherso" and "Arbe")
Almost every city developed its own dialect, but the most important dialects we have information on are the "Vegliot" a northern dialect, spoken on the island of Krk ("Veglia" in Italian, "Vikla" in Dalmatian) and the "Ragusan"', a southern dialect, spoken at Dubrovnik ("Ragusa" in both Italian and Dalmatian).
The dialect of Zara disappeared because of the strong Venetian influence while the two other dialects due even to the assimilation by Slavic language speakers.
We know about the dalmatian dialect of Ragusa from two letters, from 1325 and 1397, and other medieval texts, which show a language influenced heavily by Venetian. The available sources include hardly 260 Ragusan words. Surviving words include "pen" (bread), "teta" (father), "chesa" (house) and "fachir" (to do), which were quoted by an Italian, Fillipo Diversi, the head of school of Ragusa in the 1430s.
The "Republic of Ragusa" had at one time an important fleet, but its influence decreased. We know that the language was in trouble in the face of Croatian expansion, as the Ragusan Senate decided that all debates had to be held in "lingua veteri ragusea" (ancient Ragusan language) and the use of the "lingua sclava" (Croatian) was forbidden. Nevertheless, in the 16th century, Ragusan fell out of use and became extinct.
Other languages influenced the Ddalmatian language, but without erasing its Latin roots (superstrates): the Slavs, then the Republic of Venice. Several cities of the regions have Italian names, and other mostly the romanized Illyrian ones (like Zara, Spalato, etc..)
The oldest preserved documents written in Dalmatian are some 13th century inventories, in the Ragusan dialect. A letter of the 14th century from Zara (Zadar) shows strong Venetian influence, which was also the cause of its extinction soon after.
The Christian schism was an important factor in the history of Dalmatia. While the Croatian-held branch of the Catholic Church in Nin was under Pope's jurisdiction, they still used the Slavic liturgy. Both the Latin population of the cities and the Holy See preferred the Latin liturgy, which created tensions between different dioceses.
The great schism between Eastern and Western Christianity of 1054 further intensified the rift between the coastal cities and the hinterland, with many of the Slavs in the hinterland preferring the Eastern Orthodoxy. Areas of today's Bosnia and Herzegovina also had an indigenous "Bosnian Church" which was often mistaken for "Bogomils".
The Latin influence in Dalmatia was increased and the Byzantine practices were further suppressed on the general synods of 1059-1060, 1066, 1075-1076 and on other local synods, notably by demoting the bishopric of Nin, installing the archbishoprics of Spalatum (Split) and Dioclea (Montenegro), and explicitly forbidding use of any liturgy other than Greek or Latin.
Dalmatia never attained a political or racial unity and never formed as a "nation", but it achieved a remarkable development of art, science and literature. Politically, the neolatin Dalmatian city-states were often isolated and compelled to either fall back on the Venetian Republic for support, or tried to make it on their own.
The geographical position of the Dalmatian city states suffices to explain the relatively small influence exercised by Byzantine culture throughout the six centuries (535-1102) during which Dalmatia was part of the Eastern empire. Towards the close of this period Byzantine rule tended more and more to become merely nominal, while the influence of the Republic of Venice increased.
The medieval Dalmatia had still included much of the hinterland covered by the old Roman province of Dalmatia. However, the toponym of "Dalmatia" started to shift more towards including only the coastal, Adriatic areas, rather than the mountains inland. By the 15th century, the word "Herzegovina" would be introduced, marking the shrink of the borders of Dalmatia to the narrow littoral area where was spoken the Dalmatian language (that was being assimilated into the venetian language).
In the thirteenth century the Republic of Venice took definitive control of the Montenegro coast and created the "Albania Veneta".
As the city states gradually lost all protection by Byzantium, being unable to unite in a defensive league hindered by their internal dissensions, they had to turn to either Venice or Hungary for support. Each of the two political factions had support within the Dalmatian city states, based mostly on economic reasons.
The Venetians, to whom the Dalmatians were already bound by language and culture, could afford to concede liberal terms as its main goal was to prevent the development of any dangerous political or commercial competitor on the eastern Adriatic.
The seafaring community in Dalmatia looked to Venice as mistress of the Adriatic. In return for protection, the cities often furnished a contingent to the army or navy of their suzerain, and sometimes paid tribute either in money or in kind. Arbe (Rab), for example, annually paid ten pounds of silk or five pounds of gold to Venice.
Hungary, on the other hand, defeated the last Croat king in 1097 and laid claim on all lands of the Croatian noblemen since the treaty of 1102. King Coloman of Hungary proceeded to conquer Dalmatia in 1102-1105.
The farmers and the merchants who traded in the interior favoured Hungary as their most powerful neighbour on land that affirmed their municipal privileges.
Subject to the royal assent they might elect their own chief magistrate, bishop and judges. Their Roman law remained valid. They were even permitted to conclude separate alliances. No alien, not even a Hungarian, could live in a city where he was unwelcome; and the man who disliked Hungarian dominion could emigrate with all his household and property. In lieu of tribute, the revenue from customs was in some cases shared equally by the king, chief magistrate, bishop and municipality.
These rights and the analogous privileges granted by Venice were, however, too frequently infringed. Hungarian garrisons were being quartered on unwilling towns, while Venice interfered with trade, the appointment of bishops, or the tenure of communal domains. Consequently, the Dalmatians remained loyal only while it suited their interests, and insurrections frequently occurred. Even in Zara four outbreaks are recorded between 1180 and 1345, although Zadar was treated with special consideration by its Venetian masters, who regarded its possession as essential to their maritime ascendancy.
The once rival Romanic and Slavic population eventually started contributing to a common civilization, and Ragusa (Dubrovnik) was the primary example of this. By the 13th century, the councilmen from ragusan names were mixed, and in the 15th century the ragusan literature was even written in the Slavic language (from which Croatian language is directly descended), and the city was often called by its Slavic name, Dubrovnik. Only in 1918 Ragusa was called officially "Dubrovnik", with the creation of Yugoslavia.
The doubtful allegiance of the Dalmatians tended to protract the struggle between Venice and Hungary, which was further complicated by internal discord due largely to the spread of the "Bogomil heresy", and by many outside influences.
The cities of Zara (Zadar), Spalato (Split), Trau (Trogir) and Ragusa (Dubrovnik) and the surrounding territories each changed hands several times between Venice, Hungary and the Byzantium during the 12th century.
In 1202, the armies of the Fourth Crusade rendered assistance to Venice by occupying Zadar for it. In 1204 the same army conquered Byzantium and finally eliminated the Eastern Empire from the list of contenders on Dalmatian territory.
The early 13th century was marked by a decline in external hostilities. The Dalmatian cities started accepting foreign sovereignty (mainly of the Republic of Venice) but eventually they reverted to their previous desire for independence. The Mongol invasion severely impaired Hungary, so much that in 1241, the king Bela IV had to take refuge in Dalmatia (in the Klis fortress). The Mongols attacked the Dalmatian cities for the next few years but eventually withdrew.
The Croats were no longer regarded by the city folk as a hostile people, in fact the power of certain Croatian magnates, notably the counts Šubić of Bribir, was from time to time supreme in the northern districts (in the period between 1295 and 1328).
In 1346, Dalmatia was struck by the Black Death. The economic situation was also poor, and the cities became more and more dependent on Venice.
Stephen Tvrtko, the founder of the "Bosnian kingdom", was able in 1389 to annex the Adriatic littoral between Cattaro and Sebenico (Šibenik), and even claimed control over the northern coast up to Fiume (Rijeka) except for the Venetian-ruled Zara (Zadar), and his own independent ally, Ragusa (Dubrovnik). This was only temporary, as the Hungarians and the Venetians continued their struggle over Dalmatia as soon as Tvrtko died in 1391.
An internal struggle of Hungary, between King Sigismund and the Neapolitan house of Anjou, also reflected on Dalmatia: in the early 15th century, all Dalmatian cities welcomed the Neapolitan fleet except for Dubrovnik (Ragusa). The Bosnian duke Hrvoje controlled Dalmatia for the Angevins, but later switched loyalty to Sigismund.
Over the period of twenty years, this struggle weakened the Hungarian influence. In 1409, Ladislaus of Naples sold his "rights" over Dalmatia to Venice for 100,000 "Ducats". Venice gradually took over most of Dalmatia by 1420. In 1437, Sigismund recognized Venetian rule over Dalmatia in return for 100,000 Ducats. The city of Omiš yielded to Venice in 1444, and only Ragusa (Dubrovnik) preserved temporarily its freedom.
The rule of Venice on most of Dalmatia will last nearly four centuries (1420 - 1797).
During the Venetian rule in Dalmatia from 1420 to 1797 the number of Orthodox Serbs in Dalmatia was increased by numerous migrations.
An interval of peace ensued, but meanwhile the Ottoman advance continued.
Hungary was itself assailed by the Turks, and could no longer afford to try to control Dalmatia. Christian kingdoms and regions in the east fell one by one, Constantinople in 1453, Serbia in 1459, neighbouring Bosnia in 1463, and Herzegovina in 1483. Thus the Venetian and Ottoman frontiers met and border wars were incessant.
Dubrovnik sought safety in friendship with the invaders, and in one particular instance, actually sold two small strips of its territory (Neum and Sutorina) to the Ottomans in order to prevent land access from the Venetian territory.
In 1508 the hostile "League of Cambrai" compelled Venice to withdraw its garrison for home service, and after the overthrow of Hungary in 1526 the Turks were able easily to conquer the greater part of Dalmatia by 1537. The peace of 1540 left only the maritime cities to Venice, the interior forming a Turkish province, governed from the fortress of Klis by a "Sanjakbeg" (an administrator with military powers).
Christian Croats from the neighbouring lands now thronged to the towns, outnumbering the Romanic population even more, and making their language the primary one. The pirate community of the "Uskoks" had originally been a band of these fugitives, especially near Segna (Senj); its exploits contributed to a renewal of war between Venice and Turkey (1571-1573). An extremely curious picture of contemporary manners is presented by the Venetian agents, whose reports on this war resemble some knightly chronicle of the Middle Ages, full of single combats, tournaments and other chivalrous adventures. They also show clearly that the Dalmatian levies far surpassed the Italian mercenaries in skill and courage. Many of these troops served abroad; at the Battle of Lepanto, for example, in 1571, a Dalmatian squadron assisted the allied fleets of Spain, Venice, Austria and the Papal States to crush the Turkish navy.
The continental bits of Dalmatia were under Ottoman rule, parts of the Viyalet of Bosnia or the Klis Sanjak. The desolated areas of the Knin Frontier and Bukovica were inhabited by Orthodox Serbs from Bosnia, while the Albania veneta received constant Serb migrations from Herzegovina and Montenegro. The Serbs formed one quarter of Dalmatia's population in the 16th century. They had absolute majority in the Knin Frontier, Bukovica and the Cattaro area. The Ottomans have resettled this populace to create a living defence towards the territories of the Venetian Republic. A great portion of this population fled to Venetian land and gladly fought against the Ottomans. The number of Serbs in Venetian Dalmatia rapidly increased during the War of Crete in 1645 - 1669 and the Great Viennese War in 1683 - 1699, after which the "Peace of Karlowitz" gave the whole of Dalmatia and coastal Montenegro (from Sutorina to Cattaro) to the Venetian Republic. After the Venetian-Turkish war of 1714-1718, Venetian territorial gains were confirmed by the 1718 "Treaty of Passarowitz". The number of Dalmatian Serbs remained between "20%" and "25%" by the end of Venetian rule, while the venetian speaking population in the Dalmatian cities and islands increased with colonists from north-east Italy.
The Serbian peasant population of infertile Upper Dalmatia was freed of "Feudal bonds", according that they fight wars for the Venetian Republic. The Serbs living in urban area of cities in Dalmatia were much wealthier. The Serbs in Dalmatia with Boka have had strong national and religious determination through numerous old monasteries as beacons of culture and faith. Such were the early 14th century Krupa, Krka and Dragović monasteries in the Knin Frontier and Bukovica. The Serbs in the area of Cattaro (Kotor) had much more cultural advancement due to the nearby Cetinje capital area, and the Venetians had to fall back from influencing the religious life of people there.
Dalmatia was the largest Europe's concentration of Roman Catholic Bishops, Priesthood, Churches, Monasteries and religious institutions. The Catholic Bishops controlled the Orthodox Episcopy in Dalmatia by naming the Eastern Othodox Christian Episcopes themselves.
Dalmatia experienced a period of intense economic and cultural growth in the 18th century, given how trade routes with the hinterland were reestablished in peace. Christians that noticeably migrated from the Ottoman-held territory into the Dalmatian cities converted from Orthodoxy to Catholicism.
Because the Venetians were able to reclaim some of the inland territories in the north during the Turkish wars, the region of Dalmatia was no longer restricted to the coastline and the islands. However, the Venetian influence wasn't as strong in the former southern Dalmatia, meaning that the toponym did not extend inland into areas of Herzegovina or Montenegro.
This period was abruptly interrupted with the fall of the Venetian republic in 1797.
Napoleon united for the last time Dalmatia and Venice in his "Kingdom of Italy" in 1805. After his fall Venice followed the history of Italy with the Risorgimento, while Dalmatia was aggregated to the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Movia
Movia is a family of metro trains built by Bombardier Transportation.
Derby Carriage and Wagon Works
Derby Carriage and Wagon Works was built by the Midland Railway. They built it in Derby, England
The building began at Derby Works in 1840. This was when the North Midland Railway, the Midland Counties Railway and the Birmingham and Derby Railway made engine sheds for their Tri Junct Station. These three merged in 1844 to form the Midland Railway. Then, its first Locomotive and Carriage Superintendent Matthew Kirtley decided to organise their works and persuaded that the railway should build their own rolling stock instead of than buying it.
Sujoy Ghosh
Sujoy Ghosh is an Indian movie director. He mas made several movies including "Home Delivery" (2005) and "Jhannkaar Beats" (2003). A song from "Jhannkaar Beats", "Tu Aashiqui Hai", won a National Award.
Sujoy Ghosh was born in Calcutta in 1966. His family moved to London when he was 13. He attended Manchester University.
Viscosity index
Viscosity index or VI is measure of the temperature at which a lubricating oil works properly. The VI scale goes from 0 to 100, with 0 being the worst, and 100 being the best. New products are now better than when the scale was first made, so some new products have scores as high as 400.
Lubricating oil is meant to reduce friction between two surfaces. If it is too viscous the oil will be thick and sticky and need too much energy to keep the parts moving. If the oil is too thin, then the parts will rub together and create friction. What is needed is an oil that has just the right amount of viscosity to keep the two surfaces apart. Oil becomes less viscous as the temperature goes up. In an automobile engine, the oil needs to be viscous at a range of temperatures. It needs to work when the engine is first started and is cold, and keep working when the engine gets very hot, perhaps as much as 200 °C. The best oils, with a high viscosity index score, will keep their viscosity the same across the temperature range.
The scale was made up by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE).
WWE Breaking Point
Breaking Point was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), which took place on September 13, 2009 at the Bell Centre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It contained wrestlers from the Smackdown, ECW, and RAW brands. The name of the event was voted by fans via WWE's official website. Breaking Point was chosen over Submission Sunday, Total Submission, and Submit & Quit.
Breaking Point contained seven professional wrestling matches, with the three main event matches being held under submission rules. The event involved wrestlers from all three Brands, Raw, WWE SmackDown and ECW. The wrestlers portrayed either a good guy or a bad guy as they followed a series of events which led to a wrestling match or a series of wrestling matches.
On the August 24, 2009 edition of WWE Raw, the main event for the Raw brand was announced, it was to be a rematch from the previous nights SummerSlam PPV, Randy Orton would again defend the WWE Championship against John Cena. Due to the controversy surrounding the previous nights match, which involved the match being restarted due to a disqualification, count-out and Orton's use of illegal leverage.
Vince McMahon granted Cena a rematch as a result of Orton's actions, in a response to the interference from Brett DiBiase at SummerSlam, McMahon stated if anyone were to interfere on Orton's behalf he would lose the WWE Championship. The Championship was defended in an "I Quit" match, where the opponent is won by making the opponent say "I Quit".
After winning the World Heavyweight Championship at SummerSlam, it was announced CM Punk would defend the Championship the following week on the August 28, 2009 (taped August 25, 2009) edition against Jeff Hardy and the winner would face The Undertaker at Breaking Point in a Submission match, where the only way to win is by making your opponent Submit.
On the August 24, 2009 edition of WWE Raw, the Guest host for the night was weltherweight boxing champion Floyd Mayweather, Jr. who previously had a match with The Big Show at WrestleMania XXIV in 2008. Due to lingering bitterness from their WrestleMania match, Mayweather announced an exhibition match between Montel Vontavious Porter (MVP) and Mark Henry versus Unified Tag Team Champions Big Show and Chris Jericho, with an added stipulation that if MVP and Henry won they would face Show and Jericho for the Unified Tag Team Championship at Breaking Point. During the match MVP and Henry gained their chance when Mayweather handed MVP brass knuckles to knock Jericho out and pin Jericho for the win.
On the July 27, 2009 edition of Raw, to decide the opponent for the current WWE Champion Randy Orton at Night of Champions, a "beat the clock" challenge was set up, Triple H had to defeat his opponent Cody Rhodes in under a set time of 6 minutes and 49 seconds set by Mark Henry. Triple H was unsuccessful in his attempt, this match was followed by Rhodes with assistance from The Legacy team member Ted DiBiase beating down Triple H. This event led to Triple H seeking help from Shawn Michaels to reform the group, D-Generation X (DX), to face and beat Rhodes and DiBiase at SummerSlam. Following the weeks of SummerSlam DX was continuously beat down by The Legacy which resulted in an announcement on WWE.com that the two teams would face at Breaking Point, in a Submissions Count Anywhere match.
WrestleMania
WrestleMania is an yearly professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment since 1985. It is the company's biggest show of the year so it has nicknames like:
WrestleMania is equal to the National Football League's Super Bowl and Major League Baseball's World Series.
The thirtieth edition of the event took place on April 6, 2014 at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana.
WWF Capital Carnage
Vengeance (2005)
Vengeance (2005) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), which took place on June 26, 2005 at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas, Nevada. It was the fifth Vengeance event.
Extreme Rules (2009)
Judgment Day: In Your House
Judgment Day: In Your House was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Wrestling Federation (WWF), which took place on October 18, 1998 at the Rosemont Horizon in Rosemont, Illinois.
Backlash: In Your House
Backlash: In Your House was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) promotion, which took place on April 25, 1999 at the Providence Civic Center in Providence, Rhode Island.
In Your House
In Your House was a pay-per-view (PPV) series made by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF).
The original idea was in months where the WWF was not producing a major PPV event (WrestleMania, King of the Ring, SummerSlam, Survivor Series, and Royal Rumble which ran for three hours) they would produce a two hour PPV event for a lower price of $19.95.
When World Championship Wrestling (WCW) started producing three hour PPV's on a monthly basis, the WWF was forced to drop the concept.
The events were numbered numerically (example: In Your House #1, #2) until In Your House #7 where specific subtitles were added which usually referred to the main event, starting with In Your House #7: Good Friends, Better Enemies (refers to the Shawn Michaels vs. Diesel match).
Gradually the subtitles became "In Your House" (example: Unforgiven: In Your House). Current PPV's No Way Out, Backlash, Judgment Day and Unforgiven all came from the In Your House series.
Matthew West
Matthew Joseph West (born April 25, 1977) is a Christian musician from Nashville, Tennessee. He has released four music albums and is best known for the popular songs "More" and "You Are Everything" or "The Motions". He was nominated for five GMA Dove Awards in 2005; two of those nominations were for his first album titled "Happy".
He started out as an independent musician in the late 1990s and released three independent albums before signing a recording agreement with Universal South Records. His first album "Happy" (2003) won a Dove Award, and the album's radio single "More" was popular on Christian radios; it stayed at the number-one position on radio charts for nine weeks in a row. His second album "History" (2005) was followed by a 2006 re-release of his independent album titled "Sellout". In 2007, he had vocal problems which threatened his career, and was told by doctors to rest his voice by not speaking for two months. West's third album "Something to Say" was released in January 2008 and also was successful with the number one songs "You Are Everything" and "The Motions".
Matthew West has also written songs for many Christian musicians and bands such as Point of Grace, Mandisa and Natalie Grant, and also mainstream country singers Rascal Flatts and Billy Ray Cyrus.
Moshi Monsters
Moshi Monsters is a website where players can adopt a virtual pet monster and collect Moshlings. The monsters have to be fed and played with. Players can also buy clothes and other items for the monster. Players earn credits (called "Rox") by solving puzzles and playing simple games. These puzzles test skills such as basic math, spatial awareness, logic, counting, anagrams and vocabulary. You you can collect over 200 moshlings, all which come in sets in different themes like "Movies" or "Puppies.".There is also an app called Moshi monsters egg hunt.
The website is run by the British company Mind Candy and is designed for children of all ages. This game encourages players to socially network with each other. The basic game is free, but if a membership is purchased there are more extras, including an increasing of the number of "friends" you can have from 0 to 10000. It has been described as "Tamagotchi meets Facebook." The game is designed for parents looking for a safe and advertisement free site for young children. The site does, however, promote and sell toys linked to the game. The site opened in November 2007, and by early 2009 had over 1.5 million players.
There are six types of monster you can adopt:
Golden Brown
ATB
ATB (born as André Tanneberger on February 26, 1973 in Freiberg, Saxony, Germany) is a German DJ, musician, and producer of electronic dance music. He is listed as the number 25 top DJ in the world by DJ Magazine. Some of his famous songs include "Don't Stop", "Renegade" and "In Love With The DJ".
Albania veneta
Albania Veneta (English: "Venetian Albania") was the name for the possessions of the Republic of Venice in southern Dalmatia from 1420 to 1797.
It originally covered the coastal area of what is now northern Albania and the coast of Montenegro, but the Albanian and southern Montenegrin parts were lost to the Ottomans in 1571.
The word "Veneta" in "Albania Veneta" was used to differentiate the area from the Ottoman Albania (called "Albania Ottomana" in those centuries), an area stretching from Kosovo to southern Albania.
These Venetian possessions stretched from the southern borders of the "Republic of Ragusa" (modern-day Dubrovnik) to Durazzo (Durrës) in coastal Albania. The Venetian territories never reached more than 20 km from the Adriatic Sea. After 1573 the southern limit was moved to the village of Confin (Kufin) near Budua (Budva), because of the Ottoman conquests of Antivari (Bar), and Dulcigno (Ulcinj) in the Balkans.
The Dominions of Venice were centered around the "Bocche di Cattaro" (Bay of Kotor) and included the small cities of Cattaro (Kotor), Risano (Risan), Perasto (Perast), Teodo (Tivat), Castelnuovo (Herceg Novi), Budua (Budva) and Spizza (Sutomore).
Venice started to take control of the small southern Dalmatian villages around the 10th century, assimilating quickly the neolatin "Dalmatian language" of the coastal areas into the Venetian language. But only in the 14th century was the Republic of Venice able to create a territorial continuity around the Bay of Kotor. These Venetian dominions around Cattaro (Kotor) lasted from 1420 to 1797 and were called "Albania Veneta", a historical province of the Republic of Venice.
When the Turks started to conquer the Balkans in 15th century, many Christian Slavs took refuge inside Venetian Dalmatia and so even the "Albania Veneta" started to have a huge Serb and Albanian population. By the end of 17th century the Romance speaking population of the historical "Albania Veneta" was already a minority, according to Oscar Randi in his book ""Dalmazia etnica, incontri e fusioni".
After the Napoleonic armies conquered and put an end to the Republic of Venice in 1797, the area of the Albania veneta changed control many times:
in 1805 was annexed to the Napoleonic "Kingdom of Italy", then in 1809 was part of French "Illyrian Provinces" and finally in 1815 was put under Habsburg control in the Dalmatia of the Austrian Empire.
Under the Habsburg domination, "Albania Veneta" was part of "Austrian Dalmatia" and in 1878 (at the "Congress of Berlin") another 40 km² around Sutomore were added to this territory.
The borders of the former Venetian province of "Albania Veneta" changed again in 1918, when was created the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, but were reinstated from 1941 to 1943 during World War II, when Mussolini annexed the territories around Cattaro to the Kingdom of Italy. The area was part of the Italian "Governatorato di Dalmazia" and was called "Provincia di Cattaro".
After World War II any political entity related to the historical presence of Venice in southern Dalmatia ceased to exist and the area was definitely incorporated into Yugoslavia.
The old "Albania Veneta" is currently a coastal region of the newly independent Montenegro.
According to the Dalmatian historian Luigi Paulucci (in his book "Le Bocche di Cattaro nel 1810") the population of the "Albania Veneta", during the centuries of the Republic of Venice, was mainly Venetian speaking (approximately 66%) in the urban areas (Cattaro, Perasto, Budua, ecc..) around the "Bocche di Cattaro" (Bay of Kotor).
But in the inland areas more than half of the population was Serbo-Croatian speaking, after the first years of the eighteenth century. Paulucci wrote even that near the border with Albania there were big communities of Albanian speaking people: Dulcigno (Ulcinj) was half Albanian, one quarter Venetian and one quarter Slavic-speaking.
During the French rule of the area of Cattaro the schools were in Italian, when the former Albania Veneta was part of the Napoleonic "Kingdom of Italy".
The Slovenian Marko Trogrli in his essay "The French school system in French Dalmatia" wrote that "Vincenzo Dandolo, the French governor of Dalmatia as well as Bartolomeo Benincasa, an official from the local (Dalmatian) Education Department, published in May 1807 a plan for the province's public education ("Il piano generale della pubblica istruzione in Dalmazia"), which had to be consistent with the education system throughout the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy...Instruction was to be in Italian".
During the nineteenth century, according to the historian Scaglioni Marzio, the wars of independence of Italy from the Austro-Hungarian empire created a situation of harassment against the Italian (or Venetian speaking) communities in the Austrian southern Dalmatia.
The result was that in 1880 there were in Cattaro, according to the Austrian census, only 930 ethnic Italians (or only 32% of a total population of 2910 people).
Furthermore, in the Austrian census of 1910, the Italians were reduced to only 13.6% in that city, according to Diego De Castro in his book "Dalmazia, popolazione e composizione etnica. Cenno storico sul rapporto etnico tra Italiani e Slavi nella Dalmazia".
There are currently 500 Italian speakers in Montenegro, mainly in the area of Cattaro (Kotor) and Perasto (Perast), who constitute the "Comunitá Nazionale Italiana del Montenegro".
The "disappearance" of the Italian speaking populations in Dalmatia was nearly complete after World War II. The linguist Matteo Bartoli calculated that the Italians were 33% of the Dalmatian population during the Napoleonic wars, while currently there are only 300 Italians in Croatian Dalmatia and 500 Italians in coastal Montenegro.
Professional Developers Conference
Heliantheae
Heliantheae is the most well known tribe of the sunflower family (Asteraceae). The name comes from the Greek word for "sun flower". The Heliantheae is the third largest tribe in the sunflower family, which has 190 genera and about 2500 species. Only the tribes Senecioneae and Astereae are larger. Most Heliantheae come from North America and South America, and Mexico. A few genera come from tropical areas.
Most Heliantheae are herbs or shrubs, but there are some that grow to the size of small trees. Leaves are usually hairy and arranged in opposite pairs. The anthers are usually black.
Heliantheae can be grown on farms. These include sunflowers and jerusalem artichokes. Many garden flowers are also in this group, such as "Coreopsis", "Cosmos", "Echinacea", "Rudbeckia", and "Zinnia".
There are also some weeds in the family. Species of "Ambrosia" (ragweed) produce lots of pollen. Each plant can produce about a billion grains of pollen over a season, and the plant is wind-pollinated. It is one of the main causes of hay fever.
In 1981 Harold Ernest Robinson came up with a new way to describe the tribe. He divided Heliantheae into 35 subtribes:
Levir Culpi
Hiroshi Sowa
Nakamura was born in Mizuho, Tokyo on June 10, 1971. He joined Japan Soccer League club Yomiuri (later "Verdy Kawasaki") from youth team in 1990. He played as right and left side-back. The club won the champions 1990/91, 1991/92 Japan Soccer League and 1991 JSL Cup. In 1992, Japan Soccer League was folded and founded new league J1 League. The club won the champions J1 League 2 times, J.League Cup 3 times and Emperor's Cup 1 time. He moved to Urawa Reds in 1999 and Kyoto Purple Sanga in 2000. He retired end of 2004 season.
On February 15, 1995, Nakamura debuted for the Japan national team against Australia. He also played at 1998 World Cup qualification in 1997. He played 16 games for Japan until 1998.
After retirement, Nakamura started coaching career at Tokyo Verdy in 2005. He coached for the youth team. He moved to FC Tokyo in 2012 and coached for the youth team. In July 2017, he became a coach for top team and a manager for FC Tokyo U-23. He resigned in 2017.
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