AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
He served as Federal Minister of Justice and Consumer Protection from 17 December 2013 to 14 March 2018. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party.
Ingemar Hedberg
Ingemar Harald Robert Hedberg (8 March 1920 – 19 May 2019) was a Swedish sprint canoeist. He competed in the early 1950s. He won the silver medal in the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. Hedberg also won three gold medals at the 1950 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Copenhagen.
Mozambican Civil War
The Mozambican Civil War was a civil war fought in Mozambique from 1977 to 1992. Like many regional African wars during the late twentieth century, the Mozambican Civil War was affected by the Cold War politics. The war was fought between Mozambique's ruling Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) and insurgent forces of the Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO).
he Mozambican Civil War destroyed much of Mozambique's rural infrastructure, including hospitals, rail lines, roads, and schools. FRELIMO's security forces and RENAMO insurgents were accused of committing numerous human rights abuses, including using child soldiers and salting a significant percentage of the countryside indiscriminately with land mines.
Sovereign (British coin)
The sovereign is a gold coin of the United Kingdom, with a nominal value of one pound sterling.
It has been struck from 1817 until the present day. it was originally a circulating coin accepted in Britain and elsewhere in the world. Now it is a bullion coin and is sometimes mounted in jewellery.
A bullion coin is a coin struck from precious metal and kept as a store of value or an investment, rather than used in day-to-day commerce. The United Kingdom defines investment coins as "coins that have been minted after 1800, have a purity of not less than 900 thousandths and are, or have been, legal tender in their country of origin".
In most recent years, it has the well-known design of Saint George and the Dragon on the reverse—the initials () of the designer, Benedetto Pistrucci, is to the right of the date.
The British government promoted the use of the sovereign as an aid to international trade. The Royal Mint took lightweight gold coins out of circulation. From the 1850s until 1932, the sovereign was also struck at colonial mints, initially in Australia, and later in Canada, South Africa and India. They have been struck again in India since 2013 for the local market. The sovereigns issued in Australia initially carried a unique local design, but by 1887, all new sovereigns bore Pistrucci's George and Dragon design. Strikings there were so large that by 1900, about 40 per cent of the sovereigns in Britain had been minted in Australia.
With the start of the First World War in 1914, the sovereign vanished from circulation in Britain, replaced by paper money, and it did not return after the war, though issues at colonial mints continued until 1932. The coin was still used in the Middle East, and demand rose in the 1950s, which the Royal Mint eventually responded to by striking new sovereigns in 1957. It has been struck since then both as a bullion coin and, beginning in 1979, for collectors. Though the sovereign is no longer in circulation, it is still legal tender in the United Kingdom.
La rosa de Guadalupe
La Rosa de Guadalupe (English language: Guadalupe's Rose or The Rose of Guadalupe) is a Mexican anthology supernatural drama television series. It was created by Carlos Mercado Orduña and produced by Miguel Ángel Herros for Televisa. This series connects to the Catholic religion, specifically to the Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe. It premiered on February 5, 2008. As of 2017, the actress Helena Rojo is the presenter of each episode.
Starting in May 2017, "La rosa de Guadalupe" began broadcasting episodes with more crude stories. These stories touch more explicit topics such as rape, incest, sexual harassment, murder, drug addiction, etc.
On July 22, 2017, the 1000th episode "The bastard sister" was aired.
Álvaro Noboa
Álvaro Fernando Noboa Pontón (born November 21, 1950) is an Ecuadorian businessman and politician. He was born in Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Noboa has been actively involved in politics, unsuccessfully running for the office of President of Ecuador in 1998, 2002, 2006, 2009 and 2013. In 2007, however, he was elected national assemblyman. In 2013 Noboa ran for office for the fifth time unsuccessfully.
In 1997, already owning 24% of Bonita Bananas, Noboa purchased another 25% of the shares, the holding company for the family business. Presently, he runs the Noboa Group of Companies and Noboa Corporation, with more than 110 companies in Ecuador.
Napoleon Chagnon
Napoleon Alphonseau Chagnon ( ; August 27, 1938 – September 21, 2019) was an American anthropologist, professor of anthropology at the University of Missouri in Columbia. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Chagnon was known for his long-term ethnographic field work among the Yanomamö.
Chagnon died at the age of 81 on September 21, 2019 in Traverse City, Michigan.
Pornhub is a pornographic video sharing website and the largest pornography site on the Internet. Pornhub was launched in Montreal in 2007. Pornhub also has offices and servers in San Francisco, Houston, New Orleans and London.
The website allows visitors to view pornographic videos from a number of categories, including professional and amateur pornography. Users can take advantage of several features, including sharing videos on social media websites and liking or disliking them. Users may also optionally register a free Pornhub account, which additionally allows them to post comments, download videos and add videos to their favourites, as well as upload videos themselves.
Since 2012, Pornhub has hosted several events and campaigns to raise awareness of certain issues or raise money, as well as to help promote their brand.
In March 2010, Pornhub was bought by Manwin (now known as MindGeek), which owns numerous other pornographic websites.
The website was blocked by the Great Firewall in China from September 2013.
On March 12, 2014, Pornhub was blocked in Russia because one actress looked too young, leading some viewers to think she was a minor.
On January 2017, Pornhub was blocked in the Philippines. Pornhub and similar pornography websites were blocked in order to comply with (follow) the Anti-Child Pornography Law.
Pornhub was blocked in September 2016 in Russia due to "spreading harmful information to children". On April 2017, it was unbanned, but it now asks users to specify their age. Now, Russian users must provide their cellphone numbers or passports to access Pornhub.
In October 2018, the Uttarakhand High Court re-banned Pornhub in India, enforced by blocks from internet providers of India. In order to get around the ban, Pornhub created a mirror website at Pornhub.net.
Angélica María
Angélica María (born Angélica María Hartman Ortiz on September 27, 1944) is an American-born Mexican actress and a Latin Grammy Award-winning singer-songwriter. She was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. She is the mother of singer Angélica Vale.
Between June 2013 and 2014, Angelica formed part of the jury of the Spanish-language version of The X Factor, which was broadcast starting that summer on MundoFox in the United States.
Angélica Vale
Angélica Vale (born Angélica María Vale Hartman; November 11, 1975) is a Mexican-American actress, singer, and comedian. She is known also as the daughter of Angélica María.
She is known for her role as the protagonist of "La Fea Más Bella" ("The Prettiest Ugly Girl"), a Mexican telenovela, with her real-life mother. She starred in the webnovela "No me hallo" as Luchita Guerra.
Early in 2012, Vale was a team captain on the Mexican TV Show "Parodiando", of Televisa network. Vale became a U.S. citizen in 2016, while retaining her Mexican citizenship.
Marco Antonio Solís
Marco Antonio Solís Sosa (born December 29, 1959) is a Mexican singer, musician, composer, actor, and record producer.
Solís has been awarded five Latin Grammy Awards, two Lo Nuestro Awards, has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and has been inducted into the Billboard Latin Music Hall of Fame.
Benny Fredriksson
Benny Holger Fredriksson (2 July 1959 – 17 March 2018) was a Swedish actor and theatre director. He was born in Hägersten, Sweden. He served as CEO of Kulturhuset Stadsteatern in Stockholm from 2002 to 2017.
After sixteen years as CEO, Fredriksson resigned in December 2017 and took his own life three months later, after receiving harsh criticism in the wake of Me Too movement for his alleged tough leadership style and sexual abuse allegations. However, after his death, it was revealed some allegations towards him were false.
Fredriksson committed suicide on 17 March 2018, while on vacation in Sydney, Australia at the age of 58.
Corticosteroid
Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones made in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates. The term is also used for the synthetic analogues of these hormones.
The two main classes of corticosteroids are glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. They do a wide range of physiological processes:
V. V. Giri
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed was the fifth President of India from 1974 to 1977 and also the 2nd President of India to die in office.
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed was born on 13 May 1905 at the Hauz Qazi area of Old Delhi, India.He met Jawaharlal Nehru in England in 1925. He joined the Indian National Congress. He actively participated in the Indian freedom movement. In 1942 he was arrested in the Quit India movement. He was send to prison for 3 1/2 years' as punishment by the British rule. He was a member of the Assam Pradesh Congress Committee from 1936 . He was the member of All India Congress Committee from 1947 to 1974.
Fakhruddin was chosen for the President election by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1974. In 20 August 1974, he was elected as the President of India.He became the second Muslim to be elected as the President. He was the second Indian president to die in office. He died on 11 February 1977 due to heart attack, at the age of 72.
Edappadi K. Palaniswami
Edappadi K. Palaniswami is an Indian politician. He is the current and 8th Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu. He is the chief minister since 16 February 2017. Palaniswami is a senior leader of All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam.
Edappadi K. Palaniswamy was born on 12th May 1954. He was born in Siluvampalayam village in Salem district. His father's name is Mr.Karuppa Gounder . His Mother's name is Thavasi Ammal.
Palaniswami has won the state assembly elections four times from the Edapadi constituency. He won the elections in the years of 1989, 1991, 2011 and 2016.
M. K. Alagiri
Muthuvel Karunanidhi Alagiri commonly known as M. K. Alagiri, is an Indian politician from Tamil Nadu. He was the former Cabinet Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers from 13 June 2009 – 20 March 2013.
Alagiri was born on 30 January 1951. He was the second son of former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu Karunanidhi. He was born to M. Karunanidhi and his second wife Dayalu Ammal. Azhagiri after his marriage on 10 December 1972, settled in Madurai. His wife is Kanthi Azhagiri.
M. Karunanidhi always wanted his son M. K. Stalin to be his successor as the leader of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party. Alagiri didn't hold any post in DMK party. But he had the command in Madurai region. Alagiri was the important person who made DMK win in 2008 by-elections. After these victories, he was appointed as the organizing secretary of DMK in southern Tamil Nadu districts. Following this Alagiri was given the ticket for Madurai Lok Sabha Constituency in 2009 general election. He won it and became a Cabinet Minister.
There were lots of publicly held fights between the supporters of Stalin and Alagiri. This reached its peak when the Dinakaran daily's office were bombed by Alagiri supporters.Dinakaran is a part of the Sun TV group owned by Kalanidhi Maran (son of Murasoli Maran), the grand-nephew of Karunanidhi. This was because the daily published the result of a opinion polls. The poll was about people's wish of who will become the next leader of DMK. The results said that 70% of the people support Stalin while only 2% support Alagiri. In this attack case, 3 were dead .
He was removed from the DMK party as member and as Secretary of South Zone on 24 January 2014.
Dinakaran
Dinakaran is a Tamil daily newspaper distributed in India. It was founded by K. P. Kandasamy in 1977. It is currently owned by the Sun Network group. Dinakaran is the second largest distributed Tamil daily in India after "Dina Thanthi".It is printed in 12 cities across India. These cities are Bangalore, Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Mumbai, New Delhi, Nagercoil, Pondicherry, Salem, Tiruchirappalli, Tirunelveli and Vellore.
Dinakaran published the result of a opinion polls. The poll was about people's wish of who will become the next leader of DMK. The results said that 70% of the people support Stalin while only 2% support Alagiri. Dinakaran daily's office were bombed by Alagiri supporters. In this attack case, 3 were dead . This led to the resignation of Central Minister Dayanidhi Maran, brother of Kalanidhi Maran from the Union Cabinet.
Dina Thanthi
Chinese mystery snail
Younian dialect
Younian language or Younian dialect ( "yōunian") is a kind of Pinghua dialects. It is used in some villages of Red Yao in Longsheng County, Guilin, and Guangxi. There were more than 10,000 native speakers in 1997.
Brad Williamson (ice hockey)
Loretta Sanchez
Loretta Sanchez (born January 7, 1960) is an American politician. She is from California. Sanchez served in the United States House of Representatives from 1997 to 2017.
Loretta Sanchez was born in California. Her parents were immigrants from Mexico. She grew up in Anaheim, California. In Anaheim, she went to a public school. She was a very good student. As a child, people were mean to Sanchez because she was Hispanic. This made Sanchez very sad. Later, she went to college at Chapman University in Orange County, California.
She and her husband were part of the Republican Party. Sanchez did not like how immigrants, women, and people who are gay were being treated. She left the Republican Party and joined the Democratic Party. Her sister, Linda Sanchez is also a U.S. Representative from California.
Sanchez helped schools that needed money and helped fight for human rights. She was elected twice to be in the U.S. Congress. She helped many people who were poor and disrespected to be treated equally.
She competed with Bob Dornan for a spot in the U.S. House of Representatives. She disagreed with him about the rights of gay people and rights of gun owners. Sanchez beat him by fewer than 1,000 votes. Dornan said that she cheated. She won the election because people wanted her to be an American representative in the U.S. Congress. Sanchez spoke only about simple problems when she was running for a spot in the U.S. House of Representatives. For example, she talked about education and jobs. She did not talk about more complex problems such as immigration.
Sanchez ran for the United States Senate in 2016. Sanchez lost in the November election to California Attorney General Kamala Harris.
Ignazio Cassis
Ignazio Cassis (born 13 April 1961) is a Swiss physician and politician. He is a member of the FDP The Liberals and was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 20 September 2017. He has served since 1 November 2017 as head of the Department of Foreign Affairs. He was born in Sessa, Switzerland.
Cassis took office on 1 November 2017 as head of the Department of Foreign Affairs, succeeding Didier Burkhalter.
Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of computer software to help create, change, analyse or optimize designs. It is meant to help the designer create better quality, more precise, and neater designs. It also helps improve communication of the design by creating documentation for it as well as a database for manufacturing. CAD is used in many places such as architecture and product design.
Designing using CAD can take longer than the traditional way of drawing on paper and costs more because of the software. Also, people often need to be trained to understand CAD.
Kitzbühel is a small medieval town in Tyrol, Austria. It is the administrative center of the Kitzbühel district ("Bezirk"). About 8,000 people are living there (2016).
It is in the Kitzbühel Alps along the river Kitzbüheler Ache and about 100 km (62 mi) east of the state capital Innsbruck.
Kitzbühel is a ski resort of international renown and its ski season lasts from mid October to early May. During winter and early spring it is frequented primarily by upper-class clientele from Austria and from abroad.
Dii Consentes
Candy Lightner
Candace Lynne "Candy" Lightner (born May 30, 1946) is the founding president of Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD).
On May 3, 1980, Lightner’s 13-year-old daughter, Cari, was killed by a hit-and-run drunk driver at Sunset and New York Avenues in Fair Oaks, California. The sentence given to the repeat offender of driving while intoxicated (DWI) outraged Lightner who then organized Mothers Against Drunk Drivers.
She served as president of the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee from October 1994 to March 1995.
Michiko Nishiura Weglyn
Michiko Nishiura Weglyn (November 29, 1926 – April 25, 1999) was a Japanese-American activist and clothing designer, whose goal was to raise awareness about concentration camps during World War II. After United States Attorney General Ramsey Clark lied and said that the concentration camps did not exist in the US, Weglyn made it her goal to tell people the truth about the concentration camps.
Weglyn was born on November 29, 1926, on her family’s farm in Stockton, California. She was one of two sisters and had a loving mother and father, Tomojiro and Misao Weglyn. Before going to school in the mornings, Weglyn fed the chickens and the horses to prove to her father she was just as useful as a boy. In 1926, boys were often considered more important than girls.
Weglyn was put in a concentration camp, in Gila River, Arizona. This camp was for Japanese Americans during World War II. Many Americans believed that Japanese people were helping Japan, perhaps planning another attack after Pearl Harbor. Later in her life, Weglyn heard the attorney general, Ramsey Clark, deny that America ever had concentration camps. He said that the concentration camps that had affected Weglyn's life never happened. Of course, this was a lie, and Weglyn was telling the truth about her past experiences. Weglyn later decided to write a book called, "Years of Infamy: The Untold Story of America’s Concentration Camps", to share the horror and torture that she experienced. She wrote to raise awareness. This is why she is considered an activist, who helped inspire others to share their stories.
Weglyn was one of the first Japanese-American female designer known internationally. Throughout her career she made beautiful pieces of clothing to fit actors/actresses needs. She was known as a designer who could hide the actors/actresses flaws.
Sandra Cisneros
Sandra Cisneros (December 20, 1954- ) is an author from Chicago, Illinois. She is famous for her book "The House on Mango Street." It has sold six million copies and been translated into over 20 languages. Middle and high schoolers read her books in school for education uses. The House on Mango Street is a series of vignettes. A vignette is a series of stories or a brief description of something. The girl in the novel goes through childhood to adulthood changes. Sandra studied at Loyola University of Chicago and the University of Iowa. Her books are about issues between other races, classes, and genders.
Sandra is the second child of Alfredo Cisneros de Moral and Elvira Cordero Anguiano. They had seven children together, one girl and the rest were boys. There was one daughter but she died as a baby after giving birth. Sandra's father wants his family of boys. During her childhood, there was sexism so her father which is pushing her over the limits. Since her father Alfredo Cisneros de Moral moved the family between Mexico City and Chicago, Sandra was shy during her childhood. She doesn't make close friends for pretty long. Her mother, Elvira Cordero Anguiano, was a strong female who wanted Sandra to achieve her goal.
1. American Book Award - 1985
2. Lannan Literary Award for Fiction - 1991
3. Anisfield-Wolf Book Award for Fiction - 1993
4. MacArthur Fellowship Award - 1995
5. Texas Medal of Arts - 2003
6. National Medal of Arts - 2016 (Presented by Barack Obama)
Gertrude Caroline Ederle
Gertrude Caroline Ederle was the first woman to swim the English Channel.
Ederle’s birthdate was October 23, 1905. Her family came from Germany to New York. Her mother taught her to swim. Ederle decided she wanted to be a swimmer.
Ederle had the world's quickest time for women in swimming. She swam across the English Channel, which is 21 miles long. She swam in a record time of 14 hours and 39 minutes. It was a world record for 35 years. She was the 6th person to swim across the English Channel and the first woman to do so.
Ederle was a swimmer in the Olympics. She won one gold medal and two bronze medals in the 1924 summer Olympics.
Ederle believed that women could be talented swimmers. She helped the Women’s Swimming Association. She was also famous for her bravery by being the first woman to swim the English Channel.
Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins
Sarah Winnemucca (born 1844) was a protester for Native American rights during the 1800s. Winnemucca was part of the Paiute group in Nevada. Winnemucca wrote an autobiography, "Life Among the Paiutes: their Wrongs and their Claims". Her autobiography is about her fight to stop the government from treating the Native Americans unfairly. Winnemucca opened two schools for Indian children.
Winnemucca was born in 1844 near Humboldt Sink, Nevada. She was the fourth child in her family. Her father was named Chief Winnemucca and her mother was named Tuboitonie. At birth, she was named Thocmetony. This word means shell flower. Then she changed her name to Sarah. During her life, her group was kept on a reservation.
The most education she had was three weeks at a Californian Catholic School.
Winnemucca first talked about how the American government took over the Native American land. She became famous by speaking about the government’s unfair treatment of the Native American people. Winnemucca also met with Rutherford B. Hayes, an American President. She talked in many cities about how the Paiutes were being treated badly. She wrote an autobiography that was the first autobiography written by a Native American woman. Overall, Winnemucca is known for her support of peace between the American government and the Native Americans. She died on October 16th, 1891.
Emmabuntüs
Emmabuntüs is a Linux distribution derived from Ubuntu/Debian and designed to facilitate the repacking of computers donated to humanitarian organizations like the Emmaüs Communities.
The name Emmabuntüs is a portmanteau of Emmaüs and Ubuntu.
Emmabuntüs can be installed, in its entirety, without an Internet connection as all of the required packages are included within the disk image. The disk image includes packages for multiple languages and also optional non-free codecs that the user can choose whether to install or not.
Emmabuntüs was developed to function correctly on 10 years old computers, which were previously running Windows XP or more up-to-date Windows versions, and equipped with a minimum of 1 Gigabyte of RAM for the 32 bits versions. This allows associations like YovoTogo & JUMP Lab'Orione to recycle computers in order to equip high schools in Togo, or the Emmabuntüs collective to equip kindergarten and elementary schools in the Paris area.
The desktop environment is Xfce with Cairo-Dock. LXDE is also included and can be optionally installed.
Multiple applications are installed that perform the same task in order to provide a choice for each user that uses the system.
Emmanuntüs also includes educational software like Gcompris, TuxPaint, TuxMath, TuxType, Scratch, etc. It also contains Kiwix, an off-line Wikipedia reader allowing Emmabuntüs to become an self-contained (without Internet access) Free Culture Server, including Wikis like Vikidia, or books in the ePub format.
Agildo Ribeiro
Agildo Ribiero (April 24, 1932 – April 28, 2018) was a Brazilian actor. He was born in Rio de Janeiro. He was known for his role in the 1959 movie "Three Loves in Rio".
Ribeiro died in Rio de Janeiro on April 28, 2018 of heart failure at the age of 86.
Derek Keys
Derek Lyle Keys (30 August 1931 – 29 April 2018) was a South African politician. He served as Minister of Finance from 1992 to September 1994, in the cabinets of F. W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela.
Keys died on 29 April 2018 at the age of 86.
Deaths in May 2018
The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in May 2018. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.
Pik Botha
Roelof Frederik "Pik" Botha, DMS (27 April 1932 – 12 October 2018) was a South African politician. He served as the country's foreign minister in the last years of the apartheid era.
Botha was nicknamed 'Pik' (short for "pikkewyn", Afrikaans for 'penguin') because of a perceived likeness to a penguin in his stance, accentuated when he wore a suit.
In 2000, Botha declared his support for Presidents Nelson Mandela and Thabo Mbeki.
Botha died on 12 October 2018 at his home in Pretoria at the age of 86.
Rose Laurens
Rose Laurens, previously billed as Rose Merryl (born Rose Podwojny; 4 March 1953 – 30 April 2018), was a French pop singer-songwriter. She was known for her songs "Africa" and the French concept album of "Les Misérables", a song later adapted into English as "I Dreamed a Dream".
Laurens died on 30 April 2018 of a long-illness at the age of 65.
Santa Clarita Diet
Santa Clarita Diet is an American horror-comedy web television series created by Victor Fresco. It was created for the streaming service Netflix. It stars Drew Barrymore and Timothy Olyphant. The series premiered on February 3, 2017 with the first season. It has received generally positive reviews, with critics praising the cast and premise, but criticizing the number of graphic scenes. The second season was announced on March 29, 2017 and premiered on March 23, 2018. The series was cancelled on March 29, 2019 after the third season.
Joel and Sheila Hammond are real estate agents in Santa Clarita, California. The couple face a series of harsh events when Sheila has a physical transformation into a zombie and starts craving human flesh after eating clams. With Joel and the family trying to help Sheila, they have to deal with neighbors, cultural norms and getting to the bottom of a potentially mythological mystery.
Henderson waves
Henderson Waves () is a pedestrian bridge in Singapore. The bridge has the shape of a wave.
Aileen Hernandez
Aileen Clark Hernandez (May 23, 1926 – February 13, 2017) was an African-American who fought for the rights of women and people with less rights. During her life, she was the president of the National Organization for Women and also worked in government for the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
Hernandez's parents were Charles and Ethel Clark. They moved from Jamaica to the United States. Hernandez grew up in Brooklyn, New York City with her two brothers. Ethel Clark was a worker in a clothing factory. Charles Clark was a worker for an art supply store. All of the children in the Clark family learned to do work around the house such as sewing and cooking.
Hernandez went to Bay Ridge High School. She was a successful student and almost at the top of her class. Later, she went to Howard University, in Washington, D.C. She was educated at other universities, such as University of Oslo, New York University, and the University of California at Los Angeles. In 1959, she received a master's degree from University of California at Los Angeles.
Her first job was with the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union. She also worked with Alan Cranston and at the Fair Employment Practice Commission. Later, she was the first female on the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Hernandez started working with businesses to help them hire more women and people with less rights in 1966. She was vice president of the National Organization for Women in 1967 and became president in 1971.
Hernandez died from complications related to dementia at the age of 90.
Jody Williams
Jody Williams (October 9th 1950 - ) is a peace activist and humanitarian. She focused mainly on removing landmines from the world. Williams was born October 09, 1950 in Vermont, USA. Williams helped start the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL).
Many things made her become a peace activist. One of these things was her brother. Her brother was deaf and schizophrenic. He was disliked for his disabilities.
In college, Williams didn't know what she wanted to study. After she graduated, she worked as a teacher in the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Washington D.C. Williams does not like landmines. She does not want innocent people to be hurt by the landmines. Some people would accidentally step on the landmines and be killed.
Williams worked with celebrities to help teach people about the danger of landmines. She even worked with was Diana, Princess of Wales. Some celebrities didn't like this activism. One celebrity that didn't like Williams’ activism was Bill Clinton, a former US president. Clinton made this clear when he did not call her when she got the Nobel Peace Prize.
Williams won the Nobel Peace Prize. She was given the Nobel Peace Prize because of her work on getting rid of landmines. The Nobel Peace Prize was given to her in October, a day after her birthday. Williams said that it was challenging for her to get support on this project. The government didn't want to give landmines up because they were cheap and worked well. Williams won the argument and had landmines were made illegal.
Williams worked for many organizations. She worked with Nicaragua-Honduras Education Project, the Medical Aid for El Salvador, Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation, and Medico International.
Williams wrote "Banning Landmines: Disarmament, Citizen Diplomacy, and Human Security" and "My Name is Jody Williams: A Vermont Girl's Winding Path to the Nobel Peace Prize". Williams also helped make the Nobel Women's Initiative. The Nobel Women’s Initiative is an organization that is made up of female Nobel Peace Prize winners. They work all over the world and tell people about female equality.
Irene Natividad
Irene Natividad works on helping women around the world.
Natividad was born in 1948 in the Philippines. In Natividad’s early life, she and her family spent a lot of time moving. She traveled to Japan, Iran, Greece, and India and learned many languages, including Spanish, French, Tagalong, Farsi, Italian and Greek. By traveling, she saw how women were treated all over. Her mother never had a job because she was not allowed to work. Her mother told her to become a great student so she could get a job, unlike her.
Natividad went to many different schools as a child. The schools were all around the world. Her high school was in Greece. She went to Long Island University after high school. Then she went to Columbia University. She was given two degrees there. The degrees were for Philosophy and American Literature. Natividad also went to Marymount College
Natividad led the National Women's Political Caucus. She often writes and talks about her opinion on many topics. In 1992 she became leader of the Global Forum for Women. The Global Forum for Women comes up with ideas to try and help issues with women. She joined other people to start "Project Vote Smart." They try to get more votes for education. She became the chair of the "Women’s Votes ‘96."
Asian American Quarterly (1994): “”
Campaigns and Elections Magazine (1993) “Seventy-four Women Who Are Changing American Politics"
The National Conference for College Women Student Leaders (1989) “Women of Distinction Award”
Ladies’ Home Journal (1989) “100 Most Powerful Women in America”
Women’s Funding Coalition (1987) “Innovator for Women$hare Award”
Americans by Choice (1986) “Honored Americans Award”
Women’s Congressional Caucus  (1985) “Women Making History Award
Natividad now lives in Washington DC. She is married to Andres Cortese. They have one son. His name is Carlo Natividad-Cortese.
Nikki Giovanni
Yolande Cornelia "Nikki" Giovanni, Jr. (born June 7, 1943), is an American poet, writer, commentator, activist, and educator. She was one of the world's most well-known African-American poets. She was born in Knoxville, Tennessee.
Giovanni was part of the Black Arts Movement. Her early writings supported human rights and fought against violence. Giovanni wrote to protest the unfair lives of black people. She also writes about family, love, and children. Some of her writing is also for children. Jazz music and her family's stories helped her writing.
Giovanni wrote "Gemini," which was given the National Book Award.
Miriam Makeba
Zenzi Miriam Makeba (March 4, 1932 - November 9, 2008) was a South African singer, and she was against racial segregation.
Makeba was born in a town near Johannesburg, South Africa on March 4, 1932. Her town was segregated. Makeba started to sing in her school/church choir. She found comfort in singing and music.
Makeba started singing professionally in 1950. She first sang with her cousin's group. They were called the Cuban Brothers. She was also in two other groups called the Manhattan Brothers and the Skylarks. Makeba was in movies and musicals as well. She was in the musical "King Kong" in 1959, the movie "Come Back, Africa", and she recorded music with Harry Belafonte.
"Come Back, Africa" criticized segregation in South Africa. They banned her from South Africa. Harry Belafonte helped Makeba come to the United States of America. They became friends and made an album together. The album was called “An Evening with Belafonte/Makeba.” They won a Grammy award in 1966 for that album.
Makeba married a jazz trumpet player named Hugh Masekela in 1964. Makeba divorced him in 1966. She then married Stokely Carmichael in 1968. He was a Civil Rights leader. She divorced him in 1978. Makeba came back to South Africa in 1990. The government started removing laws that made South Africa segregated. Makeba then died on November 9th 2008.
Fannie Lou Hamer (October 16, 1917- March 14, 1977) fought for equal rights. She fought for black people’s rights. She is known for speaking for the African American group at an important national all-white meeting. Hamer was also a church singer.
Hamer grew up in Mississippi, USA. Out of twenty children, Hamer was the youngest in her family. At one time, their family was able to get a small amount of a land and a tractor. A white family was very upset that Hamer’s family had this. The white family killed their cattle. After this event, The Hamer family was even poorer than before. Later Hamer said in an interview, “Things got so tough I began to wish I was white.”She also said that her mother got angry at her for saying that and her mother said “Don't ever, ever say that. You respect yourself as a little black child. And as you grow older, respect yourself as a black woman. Then one day, other people will respect you.”Hamer told herself that she would “Do something for the black man of the South if it would cost her life.”Later in Hamer’s life, she married Perry “Pap” Hamer. She adopted 4 children since she could not have any of her own.
Hamer was angry and hoped to change the separated system.  This hope led her to become a politician. During her political life, she was most well known for her work in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee.  While doing this job, Hamer fought for equality in voting. Hamer received the attention of the country for her position in the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.  This helped black people to be elected to national offices in Mississippi. Henry Kirksey, a black representative in national offices, said "If Fannie Lou Hamer had had the same opportunities that Martin Luther King had, then we would have had a female Martin Luther King."
Ella Baker
Ella Josephine Baker (December 13, 1903 – December 13, 1986) was an African-American civil rights and human rights activist. She worked alongside some of the most famous civil rights leaders of the 20th century, including W. E. B. Du Bois, Thurgood Marshall, A. Philip Randolph, and Martin Luther King Jr. She also mentored many emerging activists, such as Diane Nash, Stokely Carmichael, Rosa Parks, and Bob Moses.
Baker has been ranked as "One of the most important African American leaders of the twentieth century and perhaps the most influential woman in the Civil Rights Movement," known for her critiques not only of racism within American culture, but also the sexism and classism within the Civil Rights Movement.
Amina al-Said
Amina al-Said (January 20, 1914 - August 13, 1995) was an Egyptian feminist, journalist, and editor.
In 1931, she was one of the first three women to graduate from Fu’ad University. She advocated for women's rights in Egypt. She started the first Arabic magazine for women in 1934, the "Hawaa-Eve". She also helped start the Pan-Arab Feminist Union. Al-Said was the first Egyptian journalist to be paid by a major publisher.
She received the First State Recognition Award, First Order of the Republic, Universal Star, and National Arts Award. She was also one of the first women's rights activists to be supported by her government.
Fred Quimby
Frederick Clinton "Fred" Quimby (July 31, 1886 – September 16, 1965) was an American cartoon producer. He was best known as producing "Tom and Jerry" cartoons, for which he won seven Academy Awards.
He was the movie sales executive in charge of the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio, which included Tex Avery, as well as William Hanna and Joseph Barbera (creators of "Tom and Jerry").
Professor's Cube
The Professor's Cube is a mechanical puzzle, a 5×5×5 version of the Rubik's Cube. It has qualities in common with both the original 3×3×3 Rubik's Cube and the 4×4×4 Rubik's Revenge, and knowing how to solve either can help when working on the 5×5×5 cube.Eric Yarrow
Sir Eric Grant Yarrow, 3rd Baronet, MBE, DL, FRSE (23 April 1920 – 22 September 2018) was a British businessman. He was born in Surrey, England.
After serving during World War II, he worked at Yarrow Shipbuilders, in 1946, later becoming President of Yarrow plc until 1987, and was Chairman of Clydesdale Bank from 1985 to 1991.
Yarrow was appointed a Vice-President of RINA in 1972 as well as serving as Prime Warden of the Shipwrights' Company (1970–71), among other charitable activities.
Yarrow was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for military service in 1946.
Yarrow died on 22 September 2018 at the age of 98.
Anita Ellis
Anita Kert Ellis (born Anita Kurt; April 12, 1920) is a Canadian-born American singer, actress and pilot. She was born in Montreal, Quebec. Ellis became a naturalized United States citizen in 1950. In 1941, she joined WLW in Cincinnati, Ohio, as a singer. Ellis dubbed the singing voices of such actresses as Rita Hayworth (notably in "Gilda", 1946), Vera-Ellen and Jeanne Crain.
Ellis retired in 1987 and moved to Manhattan. She suffers from Alzheimer's disease.
Lydia Wideman
Lydia Wideman (later "Wideman-Lehtonen"; 17 May 1920 – 13 April 2019) was a Finnish Olympic cross-country skier gold medalist. She was born in Vilppula, Finland. She was the first female Olympic medalist in cross-country skiing. In 1952 she competed in thirteen 10 km races and won all of them, including the 1952 Winter Olympics, national championships and Lahti Ski Games.
In February 2018, following the death of Durward Knowles, she became the oldest living Olympic champion. Wideman died on 13 April 2019, aged 98.
Durward Knowles
Sir Durward Randolph Knowles (2 November 1917 – 24 February 2018) was a Bahamian sailor and Olympic champion. He won the gold medal in the Star class at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, together with Cecil Cooke. He won the bronze medal in the same class at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne.
From 2016 to 2018, he was the oldest living Olympic champion. He turned 100 in November 2017 and died on 24 February 2018 of kidney failure.
Gudrun Zapf-von Hesse
Gudrun Zapf-von Hesse (January 2, 1918 – December 13, 2019) was a German type designer, calligrapher and book-binder. She was the 1991 winner of the Frederic W. Goudy Award. She also designed several fonts.
She was born in Schwerin, Germany. In her early years, she worked with Rudolf Koch and Edward Johnston.
From 1946 to 1954, Von Hesse taught lettering at the Städelschule in Frankfurt. She was hired by the Stempel foundry in Frankfurt to design typefaces, and went on to a successful career as a typographer with Stempel.
In 2001, she was recognized with a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Friends of Calligraphy. She turned 100 in January 2018.
From 1951 until his death in 2015, she was married to Hermann Zapf. They had one son Christian, who died in 2012. She lived in Darmstadt, Germany. She died on December 13, 2019 at the age of 101.
Big Four
Big Four may refer to:
Laban movement analysis
Laban movement analysis (LMA) describes human movement. It is based on the original work of Rudolf Laban, and many others helped to develop it. Its main and original purpose was to be a dance notation. Before film and video were developed, there was no way to record dance moves so that later dancers could use those moves. The transmission of dance from one generation to the next depended on older expert dancers teaching young dancers.
The problem was especially notable in modern dance, where the vocabulary of classical dance figures was expanded with almost no limits. Towards the end of his life, Laban extended his ideas into the movements workers made during physical work.
LMA draws from many fields including anatomy, kinesiology and psychology. It is used by dancers, actors, gymnasts and many other groups. However, it is fair to say that it is now largely replaced by video recordings. Also, it is not the only kind of dance notation, and not the only way human movement can be written down as a record for later generations. And, it was not the first such system. For example, in the 1680s Pierre Beauchamp had a dance notation system for baroque dance, and in 1887/8 Eadweard Muybridge started to use film to record human and animal movement. It is film and video which has transformed our understanding of motion, rather than dance notation. But in its field the Laban notation was notable.
Dance which has been reliably recorded on notation and perhaps backed up by video recording, can be and has been used to copyright choreography.
Kirsty Sword Gusmão
Kirsty Sword Gusmão was the first lady of East Timor from 2000 to 2015. Gusmão wanted kids to be able to learn. Gusmão started the Alola Foundation.  The Alola Foundation helps girls, their families and helps poor people. She helped free East Timor from Indonesia. Gusmão was a spy for twenty years.
Gusmão was born in Melbourne, Australia, in 1966. She went to Melbourne University and studied education.
Gusmão first traveled to the East Timor part of Indonesia in 1991. She was finding information for a movie on the area and was the interpreter for the movie maker. She became a teacher in Jakarta, Indonesia. She worked there from 1992-1996. She was worried about human rights in East Timor. While she fought for human rights she met the East Timor independence leader, Xanana Gusmão. He was in prison. She met him through going to his jail cell. She married him in 2000.
She moved back to Melbourne, Australia , for cancer treatment in 2012. In 2015, Sword Gusmão and Gusmão announced their separation.
Wendy Wasserstein
Wendy Wasserstein (October 18, 1950 – January 30, 2006) was an American playwright. She was an Andrew Dickson White Professor-at-Large at Cornell University. She received the Tony Award for Best Play and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1989 for her play "The Heidi Chronicles".
Her plays, which explore topics ranging from feminism to family to ethnicity to pop culture, include "The Sisters Rosensweig", "Isn't It Romantic", "An American Daughter", "Old Money", and her last work which opened in 2005, "Third".
Wasserstein was hospitalized with lymphoma in December 2005 and died on January 30, 2006, aged 55.
Gloria Molina
Gloria Molina is a politician and an activist for Latino rights.
Gloria Molina was born on May 31, 1948 in Los Angeles, California. Her mother and father moved to the United States from Mexico. She went to school in Pico Rivera, California as a child, and she also went to East Los Angeles College. When she was 19, she made most of the money for her family. She stopped school at California State University in Los Angeles.
Molina was a part of and started many groups that supported LatinX rights. She became a member of the California government in 1982. In 1987, she became the first woman Los Angeles government member. She heard the people of Los Angeles to make the city better. In 1991, Molina became a Supervisor for Los Angeles. While Supervisor, she fought to stop AIDS. She became the co-chair of Bill Clinton’s presidential campaign.
Anjali Gopalan
Anjali Gopalan (born September 1, 1957) is a gay rights activist in India. She specifically focuses on HIV/AIDS. She forced the Indian government to pay attention to people with HIV/AIDS. The Indian government had to give more money to help people with HIV/AIDS. The government also made a law that doctors have to give good medical care to people with this disease.
Gopalan was born in India. Her father was in the army, so they moved around a lot. She went to school in India and the United States. She went to Lady Shri Ram College. She studied politics, journalism, and international development.
Gopalan worked as a journalist in India. She moved to New York City. She became a social worker and saw how HIV/AIDS affected people. She returned to India to take care of her parents. She then began to inform her community about HIV/AIDS in India.
"Anjali Gopalan." "Newsmakers", vol. 1, Gale, 2013. "Biography In Context", Accessed 3 May 2018.
Winona LaDuke
Winona LaDuke (born August 18, 1959) is an environmentalist, economist and writer who supports Native American rights. In addition, LaDuke believes in not damaging nature. For this cause, she started the White Earth Land Recovery Project. She currently lives on the White Earth Reservation. LaDuke studied at Harvard and MIT. She was included in "TIME" magazine’s 1994, “50 for the Future.” She was included because of her actions to protect Native Americans’ land from dangerous chemicals.
Elaine H. Kim
Elaine H. Kim (February 26, 1972) teaches Asian American Studies and she fights for Asian American rights.  She co-founded the non-profit organization Asian Women United (AWU).
Kim first suffered disrespect because of her race in the second grade. She has made videos and has written in newspapers. She attended University of Pennsylvania and Columbia University. Kim went back to Seoul, South Korea to teach, but came back to University of California, Berkeley.
She teaches Asian American studies, and she fought for Asian American people around the San Francisco Bay Area and in Berkeley.
Ruth Sienkiewicz-Mercer
Ruth Sienkiewicz-Mercer (1950-1998) was a civil rights activist and writer. She fought for the rights of people with disabilities. She also wrote the book, "I Raise My Eyes to Say Yes", with the help of Steven B. Kaplan.
When she was five weeks old, Sienkiewicz-Mercer acquired viral encephalitis. This is a disease that causes the brain to swell up. She became well again. Later, others noticed that she was not able to speak or move. Sienkiewicz-Mercer was diagnosed with cerebral palsy, a disease that causes paralysis.
The first school Sienkiewicz-Mercer attended was in Massachusetts. This school was meant for people with disabilities. There, a doctor diagnosed her as mentally disabled. Her parents then decided to send her to another school. This school was more expensive. Sienkiewicz-Mercer had to leave the school because there was not enough money to continue her education. She then had to attend another school for the mentally disabled. At this school, Sienkiewicz-Mercer was treated terribly for sixteen years.