AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Born at the Prince's Palace in Monaco, she was the second daughter of Antonio I of Monaco and Marie of Lorraine. The second of six children born to her parents, she was the first of their children to survive childhood.
Because she had no brothers, Louise Hippolyte became the heiress to the throne of Monaco. Her father ensured with the permission of Louis XIV, that her future husband should assume the surname of "Grimaldi" and rule Monaco jointly with her.
On 20 October 1715, at the age of eighteen, she married ""Jacques" François Goyon, Count of Matignon" after his family had proposed him as a candidate. His candidacy was supported by King Louis XIV, who wanted to increase French influence in Monaco. Prior to this, Louise Hippolyte's father was eager to wed his daughter to a Grimaldi cousin. This marriage did not materialise due to the poor finances of the Grimaldis at the time. The couple had several sons most of which were also given the title of Count of Matignon. Jacques François Goyon was given a higher ranking title by Louis XIV namely the Duke of Valentinois (1642). Overall the couple had a fairly unhappy married life. Her husband preferred Paris and would often leave his wife and children in Monaco when he travelled to the Court of Versailles.
Louise Hippolyte and Jacques had nine children. Her husband preferred to stay in Versailles (where he had several mistresses), instead of Monaco.
After the death of her father, Louise Hippolyte traveled from Paris to Monaco on 4 April 1731 and received an enthusiastic reception from the populace. When Jacques joined her a little while later, the reception was much colder.
At the end of 1731, Louise Hippolyte died of smallpox. Her husband neglected the affairs of Monaco and had to leave the country in May 1732. He abdicated in favour of their son, Honoré, the next year.
Her husband remained a widower, despite a large dowry offered to him by the Duchess of Maine to get him to marry her unattractive daughter, "Mademoiselle du Maine", a granddaughter of Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan. The princess died of smallpox aged 34 and was buried in the Saint Nicholas Cathedral itself the family crypt of the House of Grimaldi.
The children of the couple were technically given the surname of "Goyon de Matignon" after their father however they were sometimes also known under the surname of Grimaldi too.
Santander may refer to:
Santander, Spain
Santander (; ) is a city on the north coast of Spain. It is the capital of the autonomous community of Cantabria. As of 2013, 178,465 people lived there.
Santander has an oceanic climate ("Cfb" in the Koeppen climate classification).
Penagos
Clean Bandit
Clean Bandit are a British electronic group. They were formed in Cambridge, England in 2008.
New Blood Rising
Mini Metro (video game)
Mini Metro is a strategy simulation video game. It is about creating an efficient subway system for a rapidly growing city.
In this game, the player designs a subway station. The object is to get the people to their requested station. The game ends when the station becomes overpopulated. The game is simple at first. Over time, it becomes more complicated and challenging. The point of the game is to run the simulation as long as possible.
"Mini Metro" has a very modern layout. The subway cars are simply moving rectangles, the rails are simply lines, and the tunnels are dotted lines.
"Mini Metro"'s stations each are a different shape.
Common Stations:
"Unique" Stations:
Only one of each Unique station can appear each game.
Nina Badrić
Nina Badrić (born 4 July 1972) is a Croatian pop singer. She was born in Zagreb, Croatia. At age 9 she started singing with the children's choir "Zvjezdice". At age twenty she signed a singing contract. Her version of "I'm so Excited" from her second album was number one on pop charts in Italy, Spain and France. Badric is one of the most award-winning Croatian musicians. While not commonly heard in the west, she is popular in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Slovenia and Turkey.
Leopold von Ranke
Leopold von Ranke (21 December 1795 – 23 May 1886) was a German historian. Modern history writing is greatly influenced by him. He made focusing on primary sources and international relations in history writing, popular.
Ranke was born 21 December 1795 in Wiehe in Electoral Saxony. He was educated at local schools in Donndorf and Pforta. In 1814 he went to the University of Leipzig. He studied Classics and Lutheran theology. From 1817-1825 he was a Classics teacher. While teaching he became interested in history. In 1824 he released his first book: "Geschichte der romanischen und germanischen Völker von 1494 bis 1514" ("History of the Latin and Teutonic Peoples from 1494 to 1514"). Ranke was a firm believer in historicism. For that reason he insisted on using primary sources.
Ranke was a professor at the University of Berlin. He was a professor there for almost 50 years. While there he criticized the historical theories of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. He also advised his students to go to archives in search of sources. Because of this many think of him as the founder of a historical social science. Ranke retired as a professor in 1871, but still wrote history. In 1880 he started writing a book on world history, beginning in Ancient Egypt with the story of the Israelites. When he died in 1886 he had not finished his book, and had only written up to the 12th century.
In 1831 the Prussian Government asked Ranke to start and edit the "Historisch-Politische Zeitschrift" journal. Ranke, who was conservative, sometimes used the journal to attack liberalism. In 1841 Ranke was made Royal Historiographer of the Prussian Court. In 1865 Ranke was made a noble, and in 1882 he was made a member of the Prussian Privy Council. In 1885 he was elected to the American Philosophical Society.
Afro-Colombian
Afro-Colombians are people who are from the country of Colombia and who have ancestors who are African. There is a large population of Colombians of African descent.
Spanish colonists brought African slaves to Cartagena in the sixteenth century. They were purchased to replace the indigenous peoples who died under the harsh working conditions in the mines and on the plantations. The main slave port for the colony (then Granada) was Cartagena. By 1600 about 100,000 slaves had been brought to the colony. The rate increased after 1650 because of labor needed for the gold mines. Conditions were harsher for some slaves than others. Most were allowed to mine, farm and sell their goods for one day a week. The money they made could buy their freedom. Slave rebellions in the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries had slaves forming their own villages in uncontrolled areas. Slavery was abolished in 1851.
Aurelio González Puente
Aurelio González Puente (born 26 July 1940 in Valle de Villaverde) is a Spanish retired professional cyclist. He won the polka dot jersey for best climber in the 1968 Tour de France. He also won the climbing competition in the 1967 Giro d'Italia. He won stages at the Tour de France, Giro d'Italia, Tour de Suisse and Dauphiné Libéré.
The God of Abraham Praise
The God of Abraham Praise is a Christian version of the Jewish hymn Yigdal. It was first translated and made into a Christian hymn by Thomas Olivers after a visit to the Great Synagogue of London in 1770. It was first published in 1772.
Apex predator
Apex predators are predators with no natural predators of their own. They are at the top of their food chain.
Apex predators have big effects on the animals and plants lower down the food chain. If they become extinct in an area, many changes happen. In recent times, it is often humans who have removed top predators.
An example of apex predators affecting an ecosystem is in Yellowstone National Park. After the gray wolf was reintroduced, in 1995, researchers noticed big changes occurring in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Elk, the primary prey of the gray wolf, became less abundant and changed their behavior. This freed the riparian (river) zones from constant grazing. This allowed willows, aspens, and cottonwoods to grow, so creating a habitat for beaver, moose, and scores of other species. In addition to the effects on prey species, the gray wolf's presence also affected the park's grizzly bear, a vulnerable species. The bears, emerging from hibernation, chose to scavenge off wolf kills after fasting for months. They can also eat wolf kills in autumn to prepare for hibernation. As grizzly bears give birth during hibernation, a greater food supply may improve the mother’s nutrition and increase the number of cubs. Dozens of other species, including eagles, ravens, magpies, coyotes, and black bears, have been seen scavenging from wolf kills.
Federico Bahamontes
Federico Martín Bahamontes (born 9 July 1928) is a Spanish retired professional cyclist. He was the first cyclist to win the "King of the Mountains" competition for best climber in all three Grand Tours, the Tour de France, the Giro d'Italia and the Vuelta a España.
Bahamontes was born in Santo Domingo-Caudilla, Toledo.
Bahamontes was a climbing specialist. He won the Tour de France in 1959, and won the polka dot jersey for the best climber six times, in 1954, 1958, 1959, 1962, 1963 and 1964. In total, he won seven Tour stages. Reporters gave him the nickname the 'Eagle of Toledo'.
He was second in the 1957 Vuelta a España and won the mountains competition in 1957 and 1958. He won the mountains competition in the Giro d'Italia in 1956.
Bahamontes retired in 1965 to run a bicycle and motorcycle shop in Toledo.
In 2013 he was named the best climber in the history of the Tour de France by L' Équipe Magazine. Members of the jury included current riders, such as Thomas Voeckler, five-times winner of the race Bernard Hinault and the general director of the Tour de France Christian Prudhomme. The award was given by the French President François Hollande.
He is mentioned in the French film "Le Fabuleux Déstin d'Amélie Poulain", known in English as Amelie. Amélie finds a box of toys left behind by an owner of her flat. She returns them to the owner and he is reminded of watching Bahamontes win the 1959 Tour de France.
Sundsvall Bridge
The Sundsvall Bridge () is a bridge located in Sundsvall in Sweden. The bridge crosses the Bay of Sundsvall, and creates a bypass past the town. The road on the bridge is a motorway, which is a part of European route E4.
The bridge is long. It was opened for traffic 18 December 2014.
Sandö Bridge
The Sandö Bridge () is a concrete arch bridge crossing the Ångerman River in Kramfors Municipality in the northern parts of Sweden. It has a free span of 264 meters and is 42 meters above the water.
During construction, the bridge collapsed on 31 August 1939. This led to 18 construction workers being killed. Construction was completed in 1943.
Enthalpy of vaporization
The Enthalpy of vaporization, also called the latent heat of vaporization is the change in the enthalpy needed to change an amount of liquid into a gas. It happens at a given pressure. The enthalpies of vaporization are usually measured at the normal boiling point for that substance. The units are usually J/mol.
An example is when the cooling effects of vaporization controls the body temperature of humans. Warm weather or exercise creates heat in the body. This causes the body to sweat (or perspire). The body feels cooler when the liquid sweat evaporates. As the humidity increases, the rate of evaporation decreases. This determines the body's comfort level.
City Thameslink railway station
City Thameslink station is a National Rail station in the City of London. The southern entrance is on Ludgate Hill near Ludgate Circus. The northern entrance is on Holborn Viaduct. Both of the stations platforms are underground. The station is on the Thameslink route.
The station opened on 22 May 1990, however it was called St Paul's Thameslink until 1991. Many changes have occurred on the lines near the station since. The station was improved in 2010, and is ready for trains of up to 12 cars.
All services are run by Thameslink
SIM card
A SIM card is a smart card that is used in mobile phones, to identify the client. SIM stands for subscriber identity module. A SIM card has a microchip, and its use is protected by a PIN. When the phone is powered on, an international mobile subscriber identity number (IMSI) is broadcast. The microchip is also needed for some encryption and decryption. The SIM card and the device that it is used in (the mobile phone) are often referred to as the "Mobile station".
SIM cards come in different sizes. Full-size SIM cards, which are about the same size as a credit card, are not used in phones anymore. Most smartphones use either micro SIM or nano SIM cards, but older ones use mini SIM.
Sonja Aldén
Sonja Aldén, born 20 December 1977, in St Albans, England, UK) is a Swedish singer. In 2006, 2007 and 2012 she participated at Melodifestivalen. She has also worked together with Shirley Clamp and Sanna Nielsen. Also, she has written songs for other artists, like hard rock/heavy metal band The Poodles, who also participated in the Swedish Melodifestivalen 2006 with the song "Night of Passion". She has attended the Adolf Fredrik's Music School in Stockholm.
Shirley Natasja Clamp, born 17 February 1973 in Borås, Sweden, is a British Swedish pop singer. She has scored several Top 10 albums and singles in Sweden. She also competed at Melodifestivalen several times, and reached the finals ending up second in 2004 and fourth in 2005.
Counting coup
Counting coup refers to the winning of prestige in battle by the Plains Indians of North America. Warriors won prestige by acts of courage in the face of the enemy. Any blow struck against the enemy counted as a coup.
Counting coup could be with a hand, any part of the body, or with an object. The most prestigious act was to touch or strike an enemy warrior, leave him alive, then escaping unharmed. Touching the first enemy to die in battle or touching the enemy's defensive works also counted as coup. Counting coup could also involve stealing an enemy's weapons or horses tied up to his lodge in camp. Risk of injury or death was required to count coup. After a battle or exploit, the people of a tribe would gather together to recount their acts of bravery and "count coup." Coups were recorded in some tribes by putting notches (cut marks) in a coup stick. A coup stick was often a willow rod with a feather on the end. But coup could be counted with any object.
Another form of counting coup emerged during the air battles of World War I. A allied pilot who shot down five enemy aircraft was given the status of ace. The exception was that the British never formally adopted the ace system. Informally, however, a British pilot who had shot down ten enemy planes was considered an ace. Generally "counting coup" is counting victories.
Rotte (river)
The Rotte is a river in the Dutch province Zuid Holland. The city of Rotterdam is named after this river, Rotterdam means dam of the Rotte, Rotterdam is founded when a dam was built in the Rotte. Original, the river was named Rotta, based on the Dutch word 'rot', this word means something like dirty, because the River was really muddy, and A because Aa means water in old European languages.
In the Roman Age, the river has been connected with the Rhine. The river was cut off from the Rhine later. The area where the Rhine was connected to the Rotte changed into an area of bog. After all the bog was excavated, the area changed into a swamp, this swamp was the new source of the Rotte. In the 17th century the swamp area is empoldered, and the Rotte did not have a source anymore.
In the early medieval age, settlement was founded. But because of floods in the area, the people were not able to live in the area. Later in 1270, a 400 meter long dam was build along the river, people started to live on this dam, and that is where Rotterdam was founded. Today, this dam is the "Hoogstraat" in Rotterdam.
Roberto Sagastume Pinto
Roberto Obdulio Sagastume Pinto (24 November 1944 – 1 December 2014) was a Guatemalan politician and educator. He served as Mayor of Esquipulas from 1986 through 1988 and again from 1996 through 2000. Pinto also served as Governor of Chiquimula from 2001 through 2003. Pinto was born in Esquipulas, Guatemala.
Pinto died in a car crash in Esquipulas, Guatemala, aged 70.
Giorgio Ardisson
Giorgio Ardisson, also known as George Ardisson (31 December 1931 – 11 December 2014), was an Italian actor. He was known for his roles in "" and "Agent 3S3, Massacre in the Sun". Ardisson was born in Turin, Italy.
Ardisson died in Rome, Italy, aged 82.
Ivor Grattan-Guinness
Ivor Grattan-Guinness (23 June 1941 – 12 December 2014) was a English historian and mathematician. He was a historian of mathematics and logic.
Grattan-Guinness was born in Bakewell, Derbyshire. He gained his bachelor degree as a Mathematics Scholar at Wadham College, Oxford, and an MSc (Econ) in Mathematical Logic and the Philosophy of Science at the London School of Economics in 1966. He died on 12 December 2014, aged 73.
John Persen
John Persen (9 November 1941 – 12 December 2014) was a Norwegian composer. He was born in Porsanger, Norway. He was the son-in-law of Finn Strømsted. He was awarded Lindemanprisen in 1999, and Edvardprisen twice, and was awarded honorary membership of the Norwegian Society of Composers.
Persen died in Oslo, Norway, aged 73.
Angalifu
Angalifu (pronounced "ang-uh-LEEF-oo"; 1970–2014) was a captive northern white rhinoceros. It was held at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park. He was one of six living northern white rhinoceroses in the world, one of two living males in the world, and the only male on the American continents.
Angalifu was born in the wild ca. 1970 before being caught and sent to the Khartoum Zoo in Khartoum, Sudan. In 1990, he was transferred on loan to the San Diego Zoo Safari Park, where he lived until his death in December 2014.
Lonesome George (c. 1910  – June 24, 2012) was a male Pinta Island tortoise ("Chelonoidis nigra abingdonii") and the last known individual of the subspecies. In his last years, he was known as the rarest creature in the world. George served as a potent symbol for conservation efforts in the Galápagos Islands and throughout the world.
Theo Colborn
Theodora Emily Colborn (née Decker; March 28, 1927 – December 14, 2014) was an American zoologist. She was the founder and President Emeritus of The Endocrine Disruption Exchange (TEDX). Colborn was also professor Emeritus of Zoology at the University of Florida, Gainesville. She was best known for her studies on the health effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals.
Plainfield, New Jersey
Plainfield is a city in Union County, New Jersey, United States. As of 2010, the population was 49,808.
Mustapha Maarof
Mustapha Azahari Maarof (1 January 1935 – 15 December 2014) was a Malaysian actor. He was known for his roles in "Hang Tuah" (1959), "" (2007) and "Chermin" (2007).
Maarof died in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from respiratory failure at the age of 79.
Tim Cochran
Thomas (Tim) Daniel Cochran (April 7, 1955 – December 16, 2014) was an American mathematician. He was professor of mathematics at Rice University. He worked in topology, especially low-dimensional topology, the theory of knots and links and associated algebra.
Martin Brasier
Martin David Brasier FGS, FLS (12 April 1947 – 16 December 2014) was an English palaeobiologist and astrobiologist. He was Professor of Palaeobiology at the University of Oxford and Emeritus Fellow of St Edmund Hall.
Brasier died in a car accident near Burford, Oxfordshire, UK, on 16 December 2014.
Phillip Archuleta
Phillip M. "Felipe" Archuleta (May 12, 1949 – December 16, 2014) was an American politician. Archuleta was a Democratic member of the New Mexico House of Representatives, serving from 2013 until his death in 2014.
Archuleta died in Las Cruces, New Mexico from pneumonia, aged 65.
Dieter Grau
Dieter Grau (April 24, 1913 – December 17, 2014) was a German-American rocket scientist and member of the "von Braun rocket group", at Peenemünde (1939–1945) working on the V-2 rockets in World War II. He was among the scientists who surrendered to the United States and traveled there, providing rocketry expertise via Operation Paperclip, which took them first to Fort Bliss, Texas.
Grau died in Huntsville, Alabama, at the age of 101 on December 17, 2014.
Oscar Holderer
Oscar Holderer (November 4, 1919 – May 5, 2015) was an engineer who worked with Wernher von Braun in the United States and Germany beforehand. Holderer came to the United States as part of the second group of people brought from Germany during World War II as part of Operation Paperclip.
Georg von Tiesenhausen
Georg F. von Tiesenhausen (May 18, 1914 – June 3, 2018) was a retired German-American rocket scientist. After being brought to the United States in 1953 as part of Operation Paperclip, he was part of Wernher von Braun's team at the U.S. Army, and later, NASA. He is known to first complete design of the Lunar Rover and made a variety of other contributions to the space program.
Von Tiesenhausen died at his home in Huntsville, Alabama on June 3, 2018 at the age of 104.
Ivan Vekić
Ivan Vekić (18 October 1938 – 17 December 2014) was a Croatian politician and lawyer. He was one of the founders of the Croatian Democratic Union and served as the Croatian Minister of Interior during the Croatian War of Independence.
Richard C. Hottelet
Richard Curt Hottelet (September 22, 1917 – December 17, 2014) was a Brooklyn-born American broadcast journalist for the latter half of the twentieth century. Hottelet was the last surviving journalist from the original World War II-era group of Murrow's Boys lead by Edward R. Murrow.
Hottelet died at his home in Wilton, Connecticut, on December 17, 2014. He was 97 years old.
Wilton, Connecticut
Wilton is a town along the Norwalk River Valley in southwestern Connecticut in the United States. It is located in Fairfield County. As of the 2010 census, the town population was 18,062.
Oleh Lysheha
Oleh Lysheha (; 30 October 1949 – 17 December 2014) was a Ukrainian poet, playwright, translator and intellectual. During the period 1972-1988, he was banned from official publication, but in 1989 his first book "Great Bridge" ("Velykyi Mist") was published.
Virna Lisi
Virna Pieralisi (November 8, 1936 – December 18, 2014), better known as Virna Lisi, was an Italian actress. She was known for her roles in "How to Murder Your Wife" and in "La Reine Margot". Lisi died in Ancona, Italy.
On December 18, 2014, Lisi died of cancer in Rome, Italy at age 78.
Donald J. Albosta
Donald Joseph Albosta (December 5, 1925 – December 18, 2014) was an American politician. A Democrat, he was Saginaw County Commissioner from 1970 to 1974 and served in the Michigan State House of Representatives from 1974 to 1976, representing the 86th District.
Albosta died on December 18, 2014 in St. Charles, Michigan, aged 89.
St. Charles, Michigan
St. Charles is a village in Saginaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,054 at the 2010 census.
Ingvar Kjellson
Ingvar Kjellson (20 May 1923 – 18 December 2014) was a Swedish stage and movie actor. Kjellson was born in Kärna, Östergötland County. He was known for his roles in "Hedda Gabler", "The Wild Duck", "The Beggars' Opera" and "Twelfth Night".
Kjellson died at the age of 91 from pneumonia on 18 December 2014 in Stockholm, Sweden.
John Profumo
John Dennis Profumo, CBE (30 January 1915 – 9 March 2006), always known as Jack Profumo, was a British soldier and politician. A scandal, known as the Profumo affair, led to his resignation and withdrawal from politics. It may have damaged the Conservative government of Harold Macmillan. Profumo spent his later life working for charities.
Profumo died of a stroke in London, aged 91.
Profumo's father was a barrister, though the Profumo family's money was in insurance. The family sold the Provident Life Association for £6 million in the 1980s. Profumo was educated at Harrow and Brasenose College, Oxford. He joined the Army when war was declared, and in 1940 he became the youngest Member of Parliament. His military career is described:
Profumo's political career was ruined by a combination of events. He and his wife accepted an invitation from Lord Astor to spend a weekend at his country estate, Clivedon. During that weekend he saw Christine Keeler get out of the swimming pool naked. Profumo asked for her phone number, and they became lovers. Unfortunately for Profumo, she was also having an affair with the Russian naval attaché and spy, Yevgeny Ivanov. When MI5 discovered this from a tip-off, Profumo ended the affair. Rumours circulated, and he was directly challenged about his relationship in the House of Commons. In a personal statement to the House of Commons, Profumo denied the accusation. This was perhaps his biggest mistake. He eventually confessed his affair, and resigned from the government and from Parliament.
Profumo was later (1975) awarded the CBE for services to charity.
John Randolph (actor)
Emanuel Hirsch Cohen, better known by the stage name John Randolph (June 1, 1915 – February 24, 2004) was an American movie, television and stage actor. He was born in New York City, New York.
Randolph died in Hollywood, California from natural causes, aged 88.
Owatonna is a city in Steele County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 25,599 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Steele County.
Mandy Rice-Davies
Marilyn "Mandy" Rice-Davies (21 October 1944 – 18 December 2014) was a British model and showgirl.
She was born in Mere, Wiltshire and grew up in Shirley, Warwickshire. She was best known for her role in the Profumo affair, which discredited the Conservative government of British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan in 1963.
Rice-Davies died aged 70 from cancer on 18 December 2014.
Larry Smith (producer)
Lawrence Michael "Larry" Smith (June 11, 1951 – December 18, 2014) was an American musician and hip hop record producer. He was best known for his co-productions (with Russell Simmons) of Run-DMC's "Run-D.M.C." (1984) and "King of Rock" (1985) and his solo production of Whodini's "Escape" (1984) and "Back in Black" (1986).
Smith died on December 18, 2014 in Flushing, Queens, New York, 63.
Talia Shire
Talia Shire (; born April 25, 1946) is an American actress. She was most known for her roles as Connie Corleone in "The Godfather" movies and Adrian Balboa in the "Rocky" series.
Shire is the sister of Francis Ford Coppola, the mother of actor Jason Schwartzman, and the aunt of actor Nicolas Cage.
Burt Young
Gerald Tommaso DeLouise (born April 30, 1940) better known by his stage name Burt Young, is an American actor, painter and author. He is best known for his Academy Award-nominated role as Sylvester Stallone's brother-in-law and best friend Paulie in the "Rocky" movie series.
Robert Simpson (meteorologist)
Robert Homer Simpson (November 19, 1912 – December 18, 2014) was an American meteorologist, hurricane specialist, first director of the National Hurricane Research Project (NHRP) from 1955–1959, and a former director (1967–1974) of the National Hurricane Center (NHC). He was the co-developer of the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale with Herbert Saffir. His wife was Joanne Simpson.
Simpson died in Washington, D.C. at the age of 102.
Philip Bradbourn
Philip Charles Bradbourn, (9 August 1951 – 19 December 2014) was a British politician, and Member of the European Parliament for the West Midlands, for the Conservative Party. He was a member of the European Parliament from 1999 to 2014.
Bradbourn was born in Tipton, Warwickshire. He died of bowel cancer, aged 63.
Igor Rodionov
Igor Nikolayevich Rodionov (; 1 December 1936 – 19 December 2014) was a Russian general and Duma deputy. He was best known for his service heading the Defence Ministry of the Russian Federation.
John G. Avildsen
John Guilbert Avildsen (December 21, 1935 – June 16, 2017) was an American movie director. He won the Academy Award for Best Director in 1977 for "Rocky".
Other movie he directed include "Joe", "Save the Tiger", "Fore Play", "The Formula", "Neighbors", "For Keeps", "Lean on Me", "The Power of One", "8 Seconds", "Inferno", "Rocky V" and the first three "Karate Kid" movies.
Avildsen died on June 16, 2017 in Los Angeles, California of pancreatic cancer, aged 81.
William Hickey
William Edward Hickey (September 19, 1927 – June 29, 1997) was an American actor. He is best known for his Oscar-nominated role as Don Corrado Prizzi in the John Huston 1985 movie "Prizzi's Honor", as well as Uncle Lewis in "National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation" (1989) and the voice of Dr. Finklestein in Tim Burton's "The Nightmare Before Christmas" (1993).
Hickey died of emphysema and bronchitis in New York City, aged 69.
Edgartown, Massachusetts
Edgartown is a town in Dukes County, Massachusetts, United States. It is on Martha's Vineyard. It is the county seat of Dukes County.
At the 2010 census, 4,067 people lived in Edgartown.
Mrs. Chippy
Mrs. Chippy was a ship's cat who sailed with Sir Ernest Shackleton on his team's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. The expedition began in 1914, but the ship, "Endurance", became hopelessly trapped in packed ice sheets and was destroyed. The cat, along with some of the sled dogs, were shot to death in 1915, when it was decided they could not survive.
Mrs. Chippy, a tiger-striped tabby, belonged to Harry McNish, the carpenter. Harry was given the nickname "Chippy" because of "wood chips", so the cat was also called the same. Soon after the ship set sail for Antarctica, it was discovered that, despite ""her"" name, Mrs. Chippy was a ""he"", a male cat. By that time the name had stuck. The cat amazed the crew by being able to walk along the ship's inch-wide guard rails, in even the roughest seas.
After the ship was destroyed in the ice, the crew leaders knew that Mrs. Chippy and five of the dogs would not be able to live, and on October 29, 1915, Sir Shackleton wrote in his diary:
Harry McNish had become very fond of his cat, and never forgave Shackleton for having him shot. After the loss of his cat, Harry fought with Shackleton during the expedition that lasted until 1917. Even though he did build the boats that eventually rescued the crew, he was not given a Polar Medal, because of his arguing with the captain over the death of his cat.
In 2004, a bronze memorial statue of Mrs. Chippy was placed on the grave of Harry McNish. It was given by the Antarctic Society of New Zealand, because of his bravery on the expedition.
The painting "Mrs Chippy", by Wolf Howard, shows the cat "about to be shot". The background shows the crew sending a small boat on a rescue mission and "Endurance" is stuck in the ice. The painting was shown in a punk art exhibit at the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool, England, in 2004.
Bedford (disambiguation)
Bedford is a town in Bedfordshire, England.
Bedford might also refer to:
Bob Lanier
Bob Lanier (March 10, 1925 – December 20, 2014) was an American businessman and politician. He served as mayor of the city of Houston, Texas from 1992 to 1998. Lanier was born in Baytown, Texas.
On December 20, 2014, Lanier died at the age of 89 in Houston, Texas from natural causes.
Robert Wolfe
Robert Wolfe (March 2, 1921 – December 10, 2014) was an American historian and archivist. He was a World War II U.S. Army officer. He was a archivist of the US National Archives. He was wounded in both the Pacific and European Theaters of Operation. Wolfe was born in Burlington, Vermont.
Wolfe died in Washington, D.C. from natural causes, aged 93.
Right to housing
The Right to housing is the idea that everyone should have the possibility to live somewhere, to housing and shelter free from homelessness. Many countries recognise it. It is also in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. This means it is part of international law.
The base for the right to housing in international law can be found in Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The declaration recognises the right as part of the right to an adequate standard of living.
Article 11(1) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) also guarantees the right to housing as part of the right to an adequate standard of living among economic, social and cultural rights.
In international human rights law the right to housing is regarded as a freestanding right. This was clarified in the 1991 General Comment no 4 on Adequate Housing by the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The general comment provides an authoritative interpretation of the right to housing in legal terms under international law.
The right to housing is also mentioned in Article 28 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Article 16 of the European Social Charter (Article 31 of the Revised European Social charter) and in the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. According to UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, aspects of right to housing under ICESCR include: legal security of tenure; availability of services, materials, facilities and infrastructure; affordability; habitability; accessibility; location and cultural adequacy. As a political goal, right to housing was declared in F. D. Roosevelt's 1944 speech on the Second Bill of Rights.
Personal identification number
A Personal identification number (abbreviated as PIN) is a number that is used to authenticate a user of a system. It is used to make sure only certain people can get, use, or change information in the system.
PINs were created to be used with automated teller machines. Once someone inserts a bank card into the machine, they would be asked to enter a PIN using the buttons on a keypad, and would only be allowed to get their money if they entered the corrected PIN. In a similar way, EMV technology makes use of PIN numbers to make sure only the person holding a credit card can make a transaction with it.
Early PIN numbers only consisted of digits. Today, some banks use PINs made of digits and letters. There are also many new technologies being created to be used instead of PINs, such as using fingerprint scanners.
David Ricardo
David Ricardo (18 April 1772 – 11 September 1823) was a British political economist. He was one of the main thinkers behind Classical economics, together with Thomas Malthus, Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill. Today, he is mostly known for his theory of comparative advantage. This theory suggests that a nation should concentrate its resources only in industries where it is "most" internationally competitive and trade with other countries to obtain products not produced nationally. Ricardo promoted the idea of extreme industry specialization by nations, to the point of dismantling internationally competitive and otherwise profitable industries. In this thinking Ricardo assumed the existence of a national industry policy aimed at promoting some industries to the detriment of others. For Ricardo some form of Central Economic Planning was a given.
The Ricardian model of comparative advantage has been challenged by, among others, Joan Robinson and Piero Sraffa. Nevertheless, it remains the cornerstone of the argument in favour of international free trade as a means of increasing economic prosperity. The theory of comparative advantage was the forerunner of the push towards globalization via increased international trade, the guiding theme in economic policy currently promoted by the OECD and the World Trade Organization.
A torus (plural: tori or toruses) is a tube shape that is similar to the surface of a doughnut or an inner tube. In geometry, a torus is obtained by rotating a circle in three dimensional space. To make a torus, the circle is rotated around a line (called the axis of rotation) that is in the same plane as the circle. Usually the line does not touch the circle, so the torus has a hole through the center, and the torus is called a ring torus. For a ring torus, the axis of rotation passes through the center of the hole.
In topology, sizes don't matter, and a torus is any shape that has one hole through it.
A toroid is a suface made by rotating any shape around a line, so a torus is one kind of toroid.
If the torus is filled to make a solid shape, it is called a solid torus. A solid torus is often simply called a torus. A solid torus is made by rotating a disk (a filled-in circle) around a line. Common objects that have the shape of a solid torus are a doughnut, a bagel and an O-ring.
A torus is like a tube that is bent into a circle so it connects to itself. The radius of the tube or circle is called the "minor radius", written formula_1. The distance from the center of the tube to the center of the torus is called the "major radius", written formula_2.
The surface area of a torus is given by
This area is the same as the area of a straight tube that has radius formula_1 and length formula_5.
The volume of a solid torus is given by
This volume is the same as the volume of a straight rod that has radius formula_1 and length formula_5.
Sitor Situmorang
Sitor Situmorang (October 2, 1923 – December 21, 2014) was an Indonesian poet, essayist and writer of short stories. Situmorang was born in Harianboho, North Sumatra. He was educated in Jakarta. He worked as a journalist and literary critic. Situmorang was known for his poem "Angkatan ’45" (The Generation of ’45).
On December 21, 2014, he died at the age of 91 at his home in Apeldoorn, Netherlands.
Udo Jürgens
Udo Jürgens (born Udo Jürgen Bockelmann, 30 September 1934 – 21 December 2014) was an Austrian composer and singer of popular music whose career spans over fifty years. He wrote more than 800 songs and sold over 100 million records. In 2007 he additionally obtained Swiss citizenship. He was known for his song "Reach for the Stars".
Jürgens died on 21 December 2014 in Münsterlingen, Switzerland from acute heart failure at the age of 80.
2004 Republican National Convention
The 2004 Republican National Convention was the 2004 presidential nominating convention. It was for the Republican Party of the United States. George W. Bush and Dick Cheney won the presidential nomination at the convention.
It took place from August 30 to September 2, 2004 at Madison Square Garden in New York City. A tribute for Ronald Reagan was shown at the convention.
John Panozzo
John Anthony Panozzo (September 20, 1948 – July 16, 1996) was an American drummer. He was best known for his work with rock band Styx.
Panozzo grew up in Chicago, Illinois. He had a fraternal twin brother, Chuck. At age 7, the twins took musical lessons from their uncle. John took an interest in drums and percussion. They attended Catholic school. They were part of a 3-piece accordion band in which John played drums and Chuck played guitar. They would play weddings at age 12 and were paid $15 apiece.
In 1961 John, Chuck, and their neighbor, Dennis DeYoung, formed a band called the Tradewinds.John played drums, Chuck played guitar, and Dennis played the accordion and sang. They played at bars and began gaining popularity as a garage band on the South Side of Chicago. In 1968, Chuck switched to bass. They added guitarists/vocalists James "J.Y." Young and John Curulewski and changed the name of the band to TW4. The band signed to Wooden Nickel Records and changed their name to Styx.
By the early 1990s his health suffered from heavy drinking. He took a less active role with Styx. In 1996 he was replaced by Todd Sucherman for the reunion tour. He was found dead in his home a few days later. He died from cirrhosis of the liver.
1982 State of the Union Address
The 1982 State of the Union Address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 97th United States Congress. It was held on January 26, 1982. The speech was the first State of the Union address of President Reagan's first term.
The speech lasted 40 minutes and 14 seconds. It had 5154 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television.
The Democratic Party response was delivered by Senator Donald Riegle (MI), Senator James Sasser (TN), Rep. Albert Gore Jr. (TN), Senator Robert Byrd (W.Va), Senator Edward Kennedy (MA), House Speaker Thomas P. O'Neill III (MA), Senator Gary Hart (CO), Senator Paul Sarbanes (MD), Senator J. Bennett Johnston (LA), and Senator Alan Cranston (CA).
Thomas P. O'Neill III
1983 State of the Union Address
The 1983 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 98th United States Congress on January 25, 1983. The speech was the second State of the Union address of President Reagan's first term.
The speech lasted about 46 minutes. It had 5554 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television.
The Democratic Party response was delivered by Senator Robert Byrd (WV), Senator Paul Tsongas (MA), Senator Bill Bradley (NJ), Senator Joe Biden (DE), Rep. Tom Daschle (SD), Rep. Barbara Kennelly (CT), House Speaker Thomas P. O'Neill III (MA), Rep. George Miller (CA), Rep. Les AuCoin (OR), Rep. Paul Simon (IL), Rep. Timothy Wirth (CO), and Rep. Bill Hefner (NC).
1984 State of the Union Address
The 1984 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 98th United States Congress on January 25, 1984. The speech was the third State of the Union address of President Reagan's first term.
The speech lasted 43 minutes and 2 seconds and had 4931 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television.
The Democratic Party response was delivered by Senator Joe Biden (DE), Sen. David Boren (OK), Senator Carl Levin (MI), Senator Max Baucus (MT), Senator Robert Byrd (WV), Senator Claiborne Pell (RI), Senator Walter Huddleston (KY), Rep. Dante B. Fascell (FL), Rep. Tom Harkin (IA), Rep. William Gray (PA), House Speaker Thomas O’Neill (MA), and Rep. Barbara Boxer (CA).
Susanne Alfvengren
Susanne Alfvengren (born Susanne Irene Lund, 12 February 1959 in Visby, Gotland, Sweden) is a Swedish singer. In 1984, she had a hit with "När vi rör varann" (Sometimes When We Touch). Another of her hit songs was "Magneter". She competed in Melodifestivalen 2009 with the song "Du är älskad där du går", whih was knocked out of the semifinal. In 1986-1987, she scored a vocal duet hit with Mikael Rickfors, with the song "Som stormen river öppet hav".
1985 State of the Union Address
The 1985 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 99th United States Congress on February 6, 1985 (Reagan's birthday). The speech was the first State of the Union address of President Reagan's second term, and his fifth altogether.
He stated, "Our progress began not in Washington, DC, but in the hearts of our families, communities, workplaces, and voluntary groups which, together, are unleashing the invincible spirit of one great nation under God." He believed that volunteerism was a key element to the American community.
The president proclaimed the Reagan Doctrine and talked about taxes, reducing the federal deficit and the Strategic Defense Initiative, among other things.
The speech lasted about 40 minutes and had 4,955 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television.
The Democratic Party response was delivered by Governor Bill Clinton of Arkansas, Governor Bob Graham of Florida and House Speaker Tip O'Neill.
1986 State of the Union Address
The 1986 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 99th United States Congress on February 4, 1986. The speech was the second State of the Union address of President Reagan's second term.
Reagan was the only president to have postponed his State of the Union Address. On January 28, 1986, he planned to give his address, but after learning of the Space Shuttle "Challenger" disaster, he postponed it for a week and addressed the nation on the day's events. This was the only time that the State of the Union address had to be postponed because of an event.
The speech lasted for about 31 minutes and had 3,514 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television.
The Democratic Party response was delivered by Senator George Mitchell (ME), Lt. Gov. Harriett Woods (MO), Gov. Charles Robb (VA), Rep. Thomas Daschle (SD) and Rep. William Gray (PA)
1988 State of the Union Address
1987 State of the Union Address
The 1987 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 100th United States Congress on January 27, 1987. The speech was the third State of the Union address of President Reagan's second term.
Reagan said, "The Soviet Union says it wants a peaceful settlement in Afghanistan, yet it continues a brutal war and props up a regime whose days are clearly numbered. We are ready to support a political solution that guarantees the rapid withdrawal of all Soviet troops and genuine self-determination for the Afghan people." He ended with, "But now at length I have the happiness to know that it is a rising and not a setting Sun." Well, you can bet it's rising because, my fellow citizens, America isn't finished. Her best days have just begun."
The speech lasted 34 minutes and 39 seconds and had 3847 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television.
The Democratic Party response was delivered by Senator Robert Byrd (WV), and House Speaker Jim Wright (TX)
Billie Whitelaw
Billie Honor Whitelaw, CBE (6 June 1932 – 21 December 2014) was an English actress.
Whitelaw was born in Coventry and was raised in Bradford. She was known for working with Samuel Beckett. Whitelaw was known for her roles in "The Omen" and in "Hot Fuzz".
Whitelaw died in Hampstead, London, England, aged 82.
The Interview (2014 movie)
The Interview is a 2014 American political action comedy movie directed by Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg. It stars James Franco, Seth Rogen, Lizzy Caplan, and Randall Park. It was set to be released on December 25, 2014, but the movie was cancelled due to threats from North Korea. The movie was released on demand and on YouTube.
This Is the End
The Polar Express (movie)
The Polar Express is a 2004 American computer animated musical fantasy movie directed by Robert Zemeckis. It was produced by Tom Hanks. It is based on the book, "The Polar Express". It stars Tom Hanks, Daryl Sabara, Eddie Deezen, Jimmy Bennett, Steven Tyler, Nona Gaye, and Michael Jeter. It was released on November 10, 2004.
Richard Dysart
Richard A. Dysart (March 30, 1929 – April 5, 2015) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as Leland McKenzie on the NBC legal drama "L.A. Law". Dysart was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He won an Emmy Award in 1992.
Dysart died at home in Santa Monica, California after a long illness, aged 86.
Roy L. Dennis
Roy Lee "Rocky" Dennis (December 4, 1961 – October 4, 1978) was an American boy who had craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, an extremely rare, sclerotic bone disease. The condition usually results in neurological disorders and death during childhood. His body was donated to UCLA Medical Center after he died.
Michael Cimino
Michael Cimino ( ; February 3, 1939 – July 2, 2016) was an American movie director, screenwriter, producer and author. He was best known for directing, producing and co-writing the 1978 Academy Award-winning movie "The Deer Hunter", and for writing and directing 1980s financial failure "Heaven's Gate".
Cimino was found dead of heart failure on July 2, 2016 in his bed Los Angeles, California, aged 77.
William Friedkin
William Friedkin (born August 29, 1935) is an American movie director, producer and screenwriter. He was best known for directing "The French Connection" in 1971 and "The Exorcist" in 1973. He won the Academy Award for Best Director.
Some of his other movie include "Sorcerer", "The Brink's Job", "Cruising", "Deal of the Century", "To Live and Die in L.A.", "Jade", "Rules of Engagement", "The Hunted", "Bug", and "Killer Joe".
Horacio Ferrer
Horacio Ferrer (June 2, 1933 - December 21, 2014) is a Uruguayan poet, broadcaster, reciter and tango lyricist. He is known for the lyrics he wrote for Astor Piazzolla’s tangos such as "Balada para un loco" and "Chiquilín de Bachín".
Trevor Peacock
Trevor Peacock (19 May 1931 – 8 March 2021) was an English stage and television character actor. He also was a screenwriter and songwriter. He was known for his role as Jim Trott in the BBC comedy series "The Vicar of Dibley".
Peacock was born in Tottenham, London, the son of Alexandria and Victor Edward Peacock.
Peacock was diagnosed with dementia in 2009. He died from the disease on 8 March 2021 in London, aged 89.
SummerSlam (2007)