AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Random House is the biggest English-language book publisher in the world. It is owned by the large German media company Bertelsmann.
Theodor Seuss Geisel (; March 2, 1904 – September 24, 1991) was an American writer and cartoonist from Springfield, Massachusetts. He was better known by his pen name, Dr. Seuss. After World War I he was a sophomore in high school. He wasn't interested in sports but still went to school and did daily activities. He pronounced his name , but it is often said as .
In his long life Geisel wrote more than 60 books. He started to write his stories because when he opened his window he heard the animals from the nearby zoo. Geisel wrote most of his books using the name Dr. Seuss. However, he also wrote 13 books using the name Theo. LeSieg. He also wrote one book using the name Rosetta Stone"—"the same name as the Rosetta Stone. Many people know and like Theodor Seuss Geisel's work as a children's author. His books are known for catchy phrases. His books have sold over 222 million copies and been translated into more than 15 languages. After his death in 1991, several books have been published based on his sketches and notes; these include "Hooray for Diffendoofer Day!" and "Daisy-Head Mayzie". Though they were all published under the name Dr. Seuss, only "My Many Colored Days", originally written in 1973, was entirely by Geisel. Before his death, he sold 200 million copies of his books. One museum in Springfield, Massachusetts is completely about Geisel and his books.
Dr. Seuss died from oral cancer in La Jolla, California, aged 87.
False vampire bat
The false vampire bats ("Megaderma") are a subfamliy of bats. They are two species that occur in Asia. There are two living species, the lesser tailed vampire bat ("Megaderma spasma") and the greater tailed vampire bat ("Megaderma lyra") . They are unrelated to the vampire bats (which only occur in South America). Unlike the vampire bats, they also do not feed on blood, but are insectivores. They are also unrelated to the spectral bat (which is called "Vampyrum", but which is an omnivore)
Centaur (planetoid)
List of settlements in Thailand
Thailand divides its municipalities ("thesaban") into three levels - cities about the quantity of inhabitants, ("thesaban nakhon"), towns ("thesaban mueang") and townships ("thesaban tambon").
The national capital Bangkok (pop. 5,678,003: May 2006) and the special governed city Pattaya (Population 96,859: May 2006) are outside of these divisions.
23 cities
City, Province - Population ( May 2006 )
117 towns
1,024 townships
Sidcup
Sidcup is a suburban town in Greater London, and is in the London Borough of Bexley. It is southeast of Charing Cross.
For many years, Sidcup's Member of Parliament, as part of the Old Bexley and Sidcup constituency was Edward Heath, who was Prime Minister from 1970 to 1974.
Quentin Saxby Blake CBE (born December 16 1932 in Sidcup) is a British cartoonist, illustrator and children's book author, most known for his drawings in books written by Roald Dahl.
Blake went to Chislehurst and Sidcup Grammar School. His first published drawing was for "Punch" magazine, at the age of 16. He studied English Literature at Downing College, Cambridge (1953-6) and later studied at the Chelsea School of Art. He trained as a teacher at the Institute of Education before working at the Royal College of Art.
Blake gained a reputation as an illustrator of over 300 children's books. His work in Roald Dahl's books made him internationally famous. As well as his work with Dahl, Blake has also written several books of his own.
This is a list only of books both written and illustrated by Blake.
A chassis (plural chassis) consists of a framework that supports an inanimate (non-living) object. This is much like an animal's skeleton, for example in a car.
In a car, the term chassis means the frame (the metal "skeleton") plus the engine, transmission (gear shift), driveshaft, differential (gears which keep the back wheels moving correctly), and suspension (springs which keep the car above the ground). A body, which is usually not necessary to keep the car together, is built on top of the chassis to complete the car.
Green Eggs and Ham is a book by Dr. Seuss. It was first published in 1960. "Publishers Weekly" says that it had sold fourth-most copies of any children's book ever as of 2001. In this story, Sam-I-Am pesters Guy-Am-I to eat green eggs and ham. However, Guy refuses, insisting that he does not like them until the end.
"Green Eggs and Ham" is one of Seuss's "Beginner Books", written using very simple words for beginning readers. There are only fifty different words, of which 49 have only one syllable. The one exception is "anywhere". The fifty words used are: "a, am, and, anywhere, are, be, boat, box, car, could, dark, do, eat, eggs, fox, goat, good, green, ham, here, house, I, if, in, let, like, may, me, mouse, not, on, or, rain, Sam, say, see, so, thank, that, the, them, there, they, train, tree, try, will, with, would, you". 45 of the 50 words (all words except "box", "car", "Sam", "train" and "try") are Germanic.
Castlevania: Portrait of Ruin
Castlevania: Portrait of Ruin, known in Japan as , is an Action RPG video game made by Konami for the Nintendo DS handheld video game console. It's the second game release for the system, and has a sequel that's going to be released called "".
"Portrait of Ruin" is a sidescrolling action game that has gameplay from platform games and role-playing games like jumping to reach higher areas and leveling up.
Claude Lévi-Strauss
Claude Lévi-Strauss (; 28 November 1908 – 30 October 2009) was a French anthropologist. He was born to French Jewish parents in Brussels. He grew up in Paris. He came up with structural anthropology, which is the idea that people think about the world in terms of opposites—such as high and low, inside and outside, life and death—and that every culture can be understood in terms of these opposites. "From the very start," he wrote, "the process of visual perception makes use of binary oppositions." ["Structuralism and Ecology", 1972]
Castlevania: Aria of Sorrow
Castlevania: Aria of Sorrow, known in Japan as is an action-adventure video game made by Konami for the Game Boy Advance handheld game console. It is part of the "Castlevania" series, and the third "Castlevania" game on the Game Boy Advance. It stars a young man named Soma Cruz who is sent to Dracula's castle along with other people. It has a sequel called "" for the Nintendo DS.
Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse, known in Japan as , is an action platforming video game made by Konami for the Nintendo Entertainment System game console. It's the third game released in the "Castlevania" series, and stars Trevor Blemont, Simon Belmont's ancestor. It takes place 215 years before "Castlevania I" and "".
North Tyrol
North Tyrol, or North Tirol (German and Austro-Bavarian: Nordtirol) is the main part of the Austrian state of Tyrol, located in the western part of the country. The other part of the state is East Tyrol, which also belongs to Austria, but does not share a border with North Tyrol.
Besides those two regions, the historical region of Tyrol also included the areas today known as Bolzano-Bozen and Trento for many centuries. They were annexed by Italy after World War I which made North Tyrol and East Tyrol effectively cut off from each other.
North Tyrol borders Salzburg in the east, the German state of Bavaria in the north, Vorarlberg in the west, the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southwest and Bolzano-Bozen in the south. Its capital is Innsbruck.
Trauma Center: New Blood
Trauma Center: New Blood, known in Japan as is a medical simulation video game made by Atlus for the Wii game console. It's the third game in the "Trauma Center" series, and stars different characters than in "" and "".
Trauma Center: Second Opinion
Trauma Center: Second Opinion, known in Japan as , is a medical simulation video game made by Atlus for the Wii game console. It's the second game in the "Trauma Center" series, and a remake of "" for the Nintendo DS. It adds a new way to control the medical tools and adds a new story to go with the old one. Another Wii title was released called "", and there was a sequel on the DS called "". It was a Wii launch game in North America and Japan.
Trauma Center: Under the Knife 2
Trauma Center: Under the Knife 2, known in Japan as is a surgical simulation video game made by Atlus for the Nintendo DS game console. It's the fourth game in the "Trauma Center" series, and a direct sequel to "" also for the DS. It stars Derek Stiles and Angie Thompson and their work saving patients and fighting the GUILT virus.
Members of Caduceus
Members of Delphi
Note: Since most characters in Delphi operate under codenames, if no real name is given then only the codename will be listed.
Castlevania II: Simon's Quest
Castlevania II: Simon's Quest, known in Japan as , is an action-adventure video game made by Konami for the Nintendo Entertainment System game console. It's a part of the "Castlevania" series and a sequel to the NES' "Castlevania".
Castlevania (video game)
Spectral bat
The genus Vampyrum contains only one species, the Spectral bat ("V. spectrum"). Some alternate names for this species are 'Linnaeus's False vampire bat' and the 'Spectral Vampire bat'. Confusingly, they are not related to the Old World family of large carnivorous bats to be found in the Megadermatidae that are also called false vampires. The animals occur in South America, and Trinidad and Tobago.
This species is the largest bat (Chiroptera) in the New World. Its wingspan is about 80 cm (almost 3 feet). Body length and weight are 125-35 mm and 145-190 grams respectively. Some animals reach wingspans of over a metre. The fur on the upper parts of the bat is normally brown or rust-orange and quite short. The ears are very long and rounded. The large feet are robust, with long curved claws. The muzzle is long and narrow, and the teeth are strong. The Noseleaf is shaped as in the photograph.
The bats are very good at hunting at night. They are predators. Their prey includes many vertebrates, such as amphibians, reptiles, small birds and mammals- they even hunt other bat species. Insects are also included, especially large crickets, cicadas etc. Surprisingly, a small amount of fruit is also eaten.
When hunting, this species is extremely stealthy. It will often pounce from a position on an above branch onto its prey or fly like some owls by patrolling back and forth along forest edges, suddenly dropping on something in the grass. One young or pup is produced each year, and the mother is very attentive and gentle with her offspring. The male is always in attendance too and will frequently sleep with both mother and young completely wrapped in his wings.
Castlevania: Dawn of Sorrow
Emmanuelle is the lead character in a series of French softcore based on a character created by Emmanuelle Arsan in the novel "Emmanuelle" (1959). Starting in the 1970s, many very successful movies were made from the book (and its sequels).
At the 2008 Cannes Film Festival, Alain Siritzky said that a worldwide search was to begin for a new Emmanuelle to star in a new series of movies.
Millvina Dean
Elizabeth Gladys Millvina Dean (February 2, 1912 - May 31, 2009) was, at age 97, the last living survivor of the sinking of the RMS "Titanic" that occurred April 15, 1912. She was the youngest person to be on the ship, and did not remember anything about the sinking.
She was two months old when she went on the Titanic with her mother, father, and brother. When the Titanic hit an iceberg, her father felt it and told his wife to get her children dressed and go to the deck, or front, of the ship. Dean, her mother, and her brother all got into a lifeboat and got away from the sinking Titanic. Her father did not survive.
Dean started to take part in Titanic-related activities when she was in her seventies, and did not like it when forms of entertainment use the Titanic. The only Titanic movie she watched was "A Night to Remember", and she hated it as it was too painful for her to watch.
She became the last living Titanic survivor when Barbara West died on 16 October 2007. West, unlike Dean, did not want any publicity from the Titanic.
Castlevania: Symphony of the Night, known in Japan as , is a 2D action-adventure video game made by Konami for the PlayStation and Sega Saturn game consoles. It's a direct sequel to "Akumajō Dracula X Chi no Rondo". It also appeared on the Xbox 360's Xbox Live Arcade and on PlayStation 3's PSN, and on the PlayStation Portable game "".
Osu! Tatakae! Ouendan
Elite Beat Agents
Moero! Nekketsu Rhythm Damashii Osu! Tatakae! Ouendan 2
Wars (series)
The Wars series is a series of video games made by Nintendo that has appeared on many Nintendo systems starting with the Nintendo Entertainment System. Its first game is "Famicom Wars", and it has a spin-off called "Battalion Wars". The series is often called "Advance Wars", since the main games are called "Advance Wars" in English.
2008 South Ossetia war
The 2008 South Ossetia war was a military conflict that started on 8 August 2008, between Georgia, South Ossetian (and Abkhazian) secessionists and Russia.
South Ossetia and Abkhazia are territories within Georgia that declared independence from Georgia and have been acting in a "de facto" independent capacity since the early 1990s. Neither state has been diplomatically recognised by any member of the United Nations. The conflict began on August 8, 2008, after Georgia claimed South Ossetian separatists had broken a ceasefire by attacking villages, although South Ossetian officials deny that they attacked villages. Georgia launched a military offensive to surround and capture the capital of South Ossetia, Tskhinvali.
Russian military troops entered the war at the side of South Ossetia and won the conflict. Georgia launched the Georgia versus Russia (Hague court application, 2008)
in the International Court of Justice.
The war ended on Saturday August 16th, 2008.
Horst-Wessel-Lied
The Horst-Wessel-Lied ("Horst Wessel Song"), also known as "Die Fahne hoch" ("The flag on high", from its opening line), was the anthem of the Nazi Party from 1930 to 1945. From 1933 to 1945 it was also part of Germany's national anthem.
The lyrics of the song were composed in 1929 by Horst Wessel, a Nazi activist and local commander of the Nazi militia, the SA, in the Berlin district of Friedrichshain. Wessel was assassinated by a Communist activist in January 1930, and the propaganda apparatus of Berlin Gauleiter Dr Joseph Goebbels made him the leading martyr of the Nazi Movement. The song became the official Song of Consecration ("Weihelied") for the Nazi Party, and was much used at party functions and sung by the SA during street parades.
When the Nazis came to power in 1933, the "Horst-Wessel-Lied" was recognised as a national symbol by a law issued on May 19, 1933. Nazi Germany thus had a double anthem, consisting of the first verse of the "Deutschlandlied" followed by the "Horst Wessel-Lied". A regulation attached to a printed version of the "Horst Wessel-Lied" in 1934 required the right arm to be raised in a "Hitler salute" when the first and fourth verses were sung.
With the fall of the Nazi regime in 1945, the "Horst-Wessel-Lied" was banned, and both the lyrics and the tune remain illegal in Germany and Austria to this day except for educational and scholarly uses (under sections 86 and 86a of the "Strafgesetzbuch").
The lyrics of the "Horst-Wessel-Lied" were published in the Berlin Nazi newspaper, "Der Angriff", in September 1929, attributed to "Der Unbekannte SA-Mann" ("the Unknown SA-Man"), as follows:
The "Rotfront" ("Red Front") was a reference to the Rotfrontkämpferbund, a communist militia tied to the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). It was common for Nazis' Sturmabteilung and Communists' Redfront to attack each other in violent street fights, which eventually grew into full-scale battles after 1930. "Reaction" was a reference to the conservative parties and the liberal democratic German state of the Weimar Republic period, which made several unsuccessful attempts to ban the SA. "Servitude" means what the Nazis saw as Germany's "servitude" to the Treaty of Versailles of 1919, which imposed huge reparations on Germany and deprived her of her colonies and territory along her eastern border.
Some changes were made to the lyrics after Wessel's death:
The dropping of the reference to "barricades" reflected the Nazi Party's desire in the period 1930-33 to be seen as a constitutional political party aiming at taking power by legal means rather than as a revolutionary party.
The line "Kameraden, die Rotfront und Reaktion erschossen" is ghastly German, but it was never amended.
After Wessel's death, new stanzas were composed in his honour. These were frequently sung by the SA but did not become part of the official lyrics used on party or state occasions.
After Wessel's death, he was officially credited with having composed the melody as well as having written the lyrics for the "Horst-Wessel-Lied". Between 1930 and 1933, however, German critics disputed this claim, pointing out that the melody had a long prior history. Such criticism became impossible after 1933.
The most likely immediate source for the melody was a song popular in the German Imperial Navy during World War I, which Wessel would no doubt have heard being sung by Navy veterans in the Berlin of the 1920s. The song was known either by its opening line as "Vorbei, vorbei, sind all die schönen Stunden", or as the "Königsberg-Lied", after the German light cruiser "Königsberg", which is mentioned in one version of the song's lyrics. The opening stanza of the song is:
Another German song, "Der Abenteurer" (The Adventurer), begins:
In 1936 a German music critic, Alfred Weidemann, published an article in which he identified the melody of a song composed in 1865 by the Weimar composer Peter Cornelius as the "Urmelodie" (source-melody). According to Weidemann, Cornelius described the tune as a "Viennese folk tune." This appeared to him to be the ultimate origin of the melody of the "Horst-Wessel-Lied".
The musical score is much more complex than the text of the song; given its characteristics, it could easily be sung even by people without much singing practice, and be played by amateur bands. Often, fanfares were used to give a more military touch to the tune.
See also the Wikipedia article on Carl Boberg (1859-1940), particularly the note on similarities and dissimilarities between "Horst Wessel Lied" and the Swedish tune O STORE GUD (widely sung as "How Great Thou Art").
During the 1930s and '40s the "Horst-Wessel-Lied" was adapted for use by fascist groups in other European countries. The anthem of the British Union of Fascists was set to the same tune, and its lyrics were to some extent modelled on the "Horst-Wessel-Lied", but appealing to British nationalism rather than German nationalism. Its opening stanza was:
In Spain, the Falange fascist movement sang to the same tune:
While in Vichy France the fascists of the radical Milice sang:
Between 1930 and 1933 the German Communists and Social Democrats sang various parodies of the "Horst-Wessel-Lied" during their street battles with the SA. Some simply changed the political character of the song, such as:
The Stahlhelm was a veterans' organisation closely aligned with the Nazis.
Others substituted completely new lyrics:
Ernst Thälmann was the KPD leader.
These versions were of course banned once the Nazis came to power and the Communist and Social Democratic parties repressed. But during the years of the Third Reich the song was parodied in various underground versions, most of them poking fun at the corruption of the Nazi elite. One version ran:
Wilhelm Frick was the Interior Minister. Baldur von Schirach was the Hitler Youth leader. Heinrich Himmler was head of the SS and police.
In the first year of the Nazi regime radical elements of the SA sang their own parody of the song, reflecting their disappointment that the "socialist" element of National Socialism had not been realised:
Kurt Schmitt was Economics Minister 1933-35.
This article is largely based on George Boderick, "The Horst-Wessel-Lied: A Reappraisal," "International Folklore Review" Vol. 10 (1995): 100-127, available online here
Identity (philosophy)
Philip Gidley King
Philip Gidley King (April 23, 1758 – September 3, 1808) was a sailor in the British Royal Navy who became the third Governor of New South Wales.
King was born in Launceston, Cornwall. His father was a draper, selling cloth and fabrics. He joined the navy in 1770 at the age of 12. He was made the captain's servant on the "HMS Swallow". He served in the West Indies and then fought in the American War of Independence. He became a midshipman and later a lieutenant. He served with Captain Arthur Phillip in "HMS Ariadne". He went to India with Phillip in 1783 in the ship "HMS Europe". Phillip was very pleased with King. He made King a lieutenant on HMS "Sirius" when he took the First Fleet to Australia in 1787 to start the penal colony.
Three weeks after the First Fleet got to Sydney, Governor Phillip sent King to Norfolk Island. His task was to set up a small penal colony that would make use of the timber and flax growing on the island. These would be of use to the British Navy. He arrived at the island on March 3, 1788. There was no safe place to land on the island and this made it a difficult place to have a settlement. King had a group of 23 people including 15 convicts. Over the next two years they began clearing land (removing trees) to grow crops and to raise cattle and other animals. King was made Lieutenant-Governor of Norfolk Island. In March 1790, Phillip sent King back to England. He was to go back and tell the British government about the problems of the new settlements in Australia.
King stayed in London for about four months. He married Anna Josepha Coombe on March 11, 1791, and they left for Australia four days later. After reporting to Phillip in Sydney, they were back on Norfolk Island in November, where his son Phillip Parker King was born.
While he had been away, Norfolk had been governed by Lieutenant-Governor Robert Ross. Phillip had moved Ross to the island because of his difficulties in working with him at Sydney. When King arrived, the convicts, settlers and soldiers were very unhappy because of Ross's leadership. King made new rules, which made things better for people who wanted to settle on the island, many of whom had been marines or convicts. In 1794 the island was growing all of the wheat it needed, and had so many pigs it was able to send food to Sydney.
The flax on the island was too hard to turn into cloth. Two Maoris from New Zealand were kidnapped and brought to Norfolk to teach people how to work the flax. The two men did not know about flax, because in New Zealand it was work done by the women. In November 1793, King left the island for ten days to take the men back home. He did not have permission to leave and got into trouble from Lieutenant-Governor Francis Grose. King also had problems with many of the soldiers. They said he punished them more than the convicts. King arrested 20 soldiers and charged them with mutiny, and sent them to Sydney. Grose released the soldiers and told the soldiers on Norfolk that they were in charge, not King. These orders were later changed by the Duke of Portland.
King became ill with gout, and in October 1796 Governor John Hunter let him go back to England to get medical treatment.
He soon became better with proper medical treatment. He began to look for work, and Phillip wanted the government to send him back to New South Wales to be the new governor. After many delays, he set out for Australia in a new ship partly designed by Sir Joseph Banks. This ship turned out to be unsafe, and could not sail in rough seas. King was forced to return to England. After further delays, he finally sailed on the ship "Speedy," and arrived in Sydney on November 26, 1799.
Hunter remained in charge until he could arrange to sail back to England in Spetember, 1800. King as the new governor, immediately set about to try and make changes. He wanted to control the amount of alcohol being brought to Australia by the military and sold at a profit. For example, the two surgeons that came to Australia on the "Speedy" had brought 4359 gallons (19,816 litres) of alcohol to sell. He tried to get merchants in Calcutta and the US not to send alcohol. He started a brewery to make beer, hoping this would be less of a problem than the alcohol like rum.
King arranged for the government to bring in supplies for sale at a reasonable price, which ended the power of some of the military. He also brought in controls over prices, wages, working hours, baking, butchers, interest rates, weights, measures and currency. He reduced the number of convict servants that the military officers could have. He arranged for more convicts to be put to work on farms and projects like building roads, guard houses, and granaries. The new colony began to grow all of its own food. King looked at ways to increase the food supply and arranged for the import of sheep and cattle to build up stocks. King also began to employ convicts who had finished their prison sentences, called emancipists. He started a school for female orphans, a newspaper (the Sydney Gazette), and even had people vaccinated for smallpox.
King was often in conflict with the military, the New South Wales Corps. As soldiers, they did not like taking orders from a naval officer. They felt that their duties were to protect New South Wales, and not to be responsible for the convicts. They wanted the colony to be run like a prison, even though there was no other people but them to run it. They objected to freed convicts being given any rights or land. King's changes had also upset their money making schemes through the sale of alcohol and other goods. King's orders were often ignored or disobeyed. In 1801 he sent an officer, John Macarthur, back to England to be tried for refusing orders and fighting a duel with his commanding officer. Instead of going to trial, Macarthur was able to make the British government believe that he was innocent, and all the problem were caused by King's lack of ability. Macarthur left the army and returned to Australia in July 1805 as a hero, having been told he could have of the best land. King asked for leave, and was told his resignation was accepted.
King had to stay until August 1806 so that a new governor could be sent out. His health broke down and he was not fit to sail until February 1807. He reached England in November 1807. King died on September 3, 1808, and was buried in London.
The First Fleet is the name given to the 11 ships which sailed from Great Britain on 13 May 1787,
to start the first European colony in New South Wales. It was the beginning of a plan to send thousands of prisoners to Australia to make convict settlements. The fleet was led by Captain Arthur Phillip. This journey lasted eight months, and used a route across the oceans that had only been used three times; once by Abel Tasman and twice by James Cook.
The 1700s were a period of great change in Europe, and especially in England. There was an industrial revolution. This was a time when many machines were being invented for use in large factories. With machines now doing the ordinary tasks of men, people were left without jobs and wages. This made it very difficult to survive. Men, women and even children resorted to theft in order to live. With the rise of machines, farmers were also forced to move to the city to look for jobs. As a result, London had become very overcrowded, and so had the prisons. In fact, prisons had become so overcrowded that convicts had been relegated to hulks (floating prisons).
To solve the problem, the British Government made the decision to settle what is now Australia in order to transport convicts and soldiers to a new penal settlement in Botany Bay.
There were 11 ships altogether. Two navy ships, six convict transports and three store ships.
The convicts were housed below deck and often further confined behind bars. Conditions were extremely cramped. In many cases the prisoners were restrained in chains and were only allowed on deck for fresh air and exercise. On deck, thick wooden walls were built to separate the convicts from the rest of the ship. The walls had small holes in them so the guards could shoot in case of trouble. The hatches (doors up to the deck) were kept shut with cross bars, bolts and locks. Guards were almost always on duty at each hatch, and a guard with a gun was always on the quarter-deck (back of the ship). People slept in hammocks and there were tables for eating and stools to sit on.
The prisoners were gathered from places throughout England - Wiltshire, Devonshire, Surry, Dorset, Gloucestershire, Somersetshire, Plymouth and London - many had already been locked up for several years in various prisons under appalling conditions and were in a poor state of health. Many, especially those from smaller country jails were not in good health. Captain Phillip thought that he might have to make one of the ships a hospital ship to care for the sick. Newspapers wrote that they expected about 80% of the convicts would not survive the long journey. Before they even left England, several of the convicts died and some of marines were so sick that they were removed from the ships. However the number of people that died on the trip was quite small, and shows that the planning and treatment of the convicts during the journey was actually successful. Most had put on weight and were healthier when they arrived in Australia than when they left England.
The First Fleet left Portsmouth, England on 13 May 1787. The entire journey took 252 days (a little over 8 months). From England, the fleet sailed to Australia making stops in Santa Cruz, Rio de Janeiro and Cape Town. They arrived in Botany Bay in mid-January 1788.
The journey began with good weather so Captain Phillip decided to let the convicts up on deck. However the weather would become very hot and humid as the Fleet sailed through the tropics. Tropical rainstorms meant that the convicts could not exercise on deck during this time, as they had no change of clothes and no method of drying wet clothing. As a result, they were kept below deck in the foul, cramped holds.
Some convicts on the "Scarborough" planned a mutiny but were caught, but most convicts were well behaved.
On 3 June 1787, the fleet arrived at Santa Cruz at Tenerife. Fresh water, vegetables and meat were brought on board. On 10 June they left to cross the Atlantic to Rio de Janeiro. The weather was very hot and there were lots of storms. Many people became sick and there were lots of rats, bedbugs, lice, cockroaches and fleas. People were only allowed to drink three pints of water each day (about one and a half litres).
The fleet reached Rio de Janeiro on 5 August. The ships were cleaned and fixed. More water, clothing and lots of food was taken on board. The fleet left on 4 September and reached Cape Town on 13 October. They bought plants, seeds and animals to take to Australia. The animals included: two bulls, seven cows, one stallion, three mares, 44 sheep, 32 pigs, four goats and poultry. They left on 12 November.
From Cape Town it took the Fleet two months to reach Australia. Phillip took a few ships ahead to start building at Botany Bay. They arrived on 18 January 1788. The other ships arrived only two days after he did.
Convicts were given two thirds of the amount normally provided for sailors. Each week, a sailor was given:
As well as this food, there was sometimes rice, dried fish, and soup. When the ships were in a harbour there was also fresh meat and vegetables. Women and children were given a slightly different list of food. Sick people were also given wine and spirits.
When the Fleet arrived in Sydney, Arthur Phillip worked out they only had enough food for 49 weeks. He should have been given enough for two years.
The Fleet also took a number of animals, plants and seeds. The animals included sheep, pigs, dogs, cats, goats, turkeys, geese, ducks, chickens, pigeons, horses, and cattle. Plants and seeds included coffee, cocoa, cotton, bananas, Oranges, lemons, tamarinds, guava, prickly pear, eugenia or pomme rose, jalap, ipecacuanha, figs, bamboo, sugar cane, esparto grass, vines, quinces, apples, pears, oranges strawberries, oaks, myrtles, rice, wheat, barley, and maize. Some of this was brought from England, and the rest from when the Fleet stopped at Rio de Janeiro and Capetown
The first ship, "Supply", reached Botany Bay on 18 January 1788. Aboriginal people from the Cadigal tribe saw the First Fleet ships arrive. Phillip soon decided that this site, picked by Sir Joseph Banks, was not suitable. It had poor soil, no safe place to leave the ships, and no drinking water. Phillip decided to go north to Port Jackson.
On 26 January the marines and convicts arrived at Sydney Cove. 1403 people left Portsmouth. On the voyage 7 babies were born. 69 people died or left the ships. 1332 people landed in Port Jackson which is now known as Sydney. It was a successful trip, as only 40 convicts had died. Phillip named the settlement Sydney after Lord Sydney, the British government's Home Secretary.
The Aboriginal people from the Eora nation lived in the Sydney area. They could not understand why the British wanted to own their land and make farms with fences. The British did not understand the Aboriginal people's way of living and there was a lot of fighting and many people died.
Once in Australia, convicts were ordered to build the infrastructure (buildings and prisons) for the new colony. Their punishment was work. Convicts were expected to work everyday except Sunday from sunrise until sunset without a break. Male prisoners were required to do very hard labour. Female convicts often worked as household servants, cooking, cleaning and sometimes taking care of children. Some of the convicts had special skills and did work such as keeping records, printing, making pottery and keeping the town clocks. Many convicts were sent to work for free settlers. Free settlers were people who came to Australia to make a new life.
Strict rules were enforced by prison officers. If convicts broke the rules, they could be whipped with the ‘cat-o’-nine-tails’ or kept in solitary confinement for several days, with only bread and water to eat.
There was a shortage of food during the first few years of the colony. Crops did not grow well so people relied on supplies from Great Britain. Eventually, food
Naval escorts:
Convict transports:
Food Transport:
Setesdal
Setesdal is a valley in the county of Aust-Agder, in the south part of Norway .
Since the 1200s, one can find papers, where the name "Setesdal" , has been written.
Homeopathy is an alternative medicine. It was created in the 18th century by Samuel Hahnemann. The theory behind homeopathy is that an ill person can be healed with very small amounts of something that produces the symptoms of the illness in a healthy person. Scientists say that homeopathy does not work and only makes people think they feel better (this is called the placebo effect.)
Homeopaths make their medicines by taking the ingredients, adding water, and shaking the mixture. They then take a drop of the mixture, throw out the rest, and add more water. They do this usually 30 times but sometimes up to 200 times. They call it potentisation. Hahnemann said this would bring out the "spirit-like medicinal powers held within a drug". Science can show how many atoms or molecules—tiny things that cannot be divided up any more—of the original substance are left in the homeopathic drug. In most homeopathic drugs, there is not a molecule left of the substance they started out with. Homeopaths believe that the solution carries a "memory" of the original substance. Science says that goes against the laws of physics and chemistry.
Homeopathy became popular because it was created at a time when medicine did not work very well and could make people sick. Back then, taking homeopathy might have kept people from getting hurt by bad doctors. However, medicine has improved since then, and now helps a lot more than it hurts people. Some homeopaths have told their patients not to take medicines like antibiotics and vaccines that could cure (or keep them from getting) dangerous diseases.
Vest-Telemark
Vest-Telemark is the name of an area, in the south of Norway .
Some of the towns are: Fyresdal, Tokke, Vinje, Nissedal, Kviteseid, and Seljord.
In no area, has one found more traces ( examples or evidence ) of the Old Norse language and grammar.
Shirley Temple
Shirley Temple, or Shirley Temple Black (April 23, 1928 – February 10, 2014) was an American actress, diplomat and television series hostess. Temple has the distinction of being the first Academy Juvenile Award recipient in 1934.
Temple began her movie career at age 3 in a series of Poverty Row shorts starring very young children clad in diapers. In 1934, she soared to superstardom in "Bright Eyes". Other movies followed that exploited her waiflike charm and abundant talent such as "Curly Top", "The Little Colonel", "Dimples", "Wee Willie Winkie", and "The Little Princess".
The public adored the child Temple, but her popularity declined as she grew into a young woman. She made several bombs in her teens, but three have become highly regarded classics: "Since You Went Away", "Fort Apache" with Henry Fonda and John Wayne, and "The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer" with Cary Grant and Myrna Loy. Temple married John Agar in 1945. In 1950 she married Charles Black and retired from the movie industry at age 22.
Marriage and motherhood occupied Temple in the following years, but she returned to show biz in the late 1950s with the television series, "Shirley Temple's Storybook" for NBC. The series was child/family-oriented with dramatizations of fairy tales like "Beauty and the Beast", children's stories like "Pippi Longstocking", and more mature fare like "The House of Seven Gables" and Victor Herbert's Broadway musical, "Babes in Toyland". Celebrity stars like Charlton Heston, Tor Johnson, Sterling Holloway, Elsa Lanchester, and Agnes Moorehead appeared in the series. The series was nominated for an Emmy Award in children's programming. It faced stiff competition from other networks, and left the air after two seasons.
Temple became active in the Republican Party in California. Temple was extensively involved with the Commonwealth Club of California, a public-affairs forum in San Francisco. She spoke at several of the meetings through the years and served as its president in 1984.
Temple was appointed Representative to the 24th United Nations General Assembly by President Richard M. Nixon (September – December 1969), and was appointed United States Ambassador to Ghana (December 6, 1974 – July 13, 1976) by President Gerald R. Ford. She was appointed first female Chief of Protocol of the United States (July 1, 1976 – January 21, 1977), and was in charge of arrangements for President Jimmy Carter's inauguration and inaugural ball. She served as the United States Ambassador to Czechoslovakia (August 23, 1989 – July 12, 1992), having been appointed by President George H. W. Bush.
Temple had breast cancer in the early 1970s and had a mastectomy. She died on February 10, 2014 from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at her Woodside, California home, at the age of 85.
Stev
Stev is a form of poetry. It can be found in lyric poetry from Scandinavia. Stev are made of stanzas, that have four lines
There are different types of stev:
A person who can perform a stev, is known as a kveder ( a type of artist ). Aslak Brekke is possibly the most well known of those who have been recorded. A kveder from Setesdal, when performing stev, usually sings more slowly, than a kveder from Telemark. One reason for this may be that the text of Setesdal stev are usually more meditative (or elegiac).
Wario (series)
The "Wario" series is a series of games that star Wario and a spin-off of the "Mario" series. It started out with "", and has grown to have its new spin-off series with ""
"WarioWare" adds many new characters who are employees of Wario's company, WarioWare.
The series' first appearance in the "Super Smash Bros." series was in "Super Smash Bros. Melee", but it was only as a collectible trophy. In "Super Smash Bros. Brawl", Wario is a playable character, and can be in both his biker outfit from "WarioWare" or his plumber outfit from "Wario Land". There is also a level based on "WarioWare", collectible trophies and stickers from his series, and music from the "WarioWare" series.
Nintendo Research &amp; Development 1
Nintendo Research & Development 1, also known as Nintendo R&D1, is a division of Nintendo. They are responsible for the "Metroid" series and the "WarioWare" series, among others.
Plucking
Pluck or plucking may mean:
Bill Tapia
Uncle Bill “Tappy” Tapia (born January 1, 1908 – December 2, 2011) was an American musician, born in Honolulu, Hawaii. His parents were Portuguese. At age 10, Tapia already had been a professional musician, playing “Stars and Stripes Forever” for World War I soldiers in Hawaii.
His long career started in Vaudeville and soon after he became a jazz guitarist and ukulele player. He has worked with big names such as Bing Crosby, Louis Armstrong, and Elvis Presley and also worked with Hawaiian musicians such as King Bennie Nawahi, Sol Ho‘opi’i and Andy Iona. People think that Tapia is the first musician to play jazz on the ukulele.
WarioWare: Twisted!
WarioWare: Twisted! is a 2004 Game Boy Advance video game. It was made by Nintendo and is art of the "WarioWare" series.
"Twisted!" comes with a gyro sensor. The cartridge is a lot larger than in most Game Boy Advance games. Players tap the A button and twist the game around in order to play.
Like the other games, "Twisted!" has many microgames. These last for only a few seconds and involve a simple thing the player must do. The player starts with four lives. After about 12-15 microgames, he or she plays the boss level. If they win, they earn another life. If they lose, they lose a life. The game ends when they have run out of lives.
Wario has gotten seven of his friends to help make games for him. Each one has a different theme, or way to play.
Punch (strike)
A punch is when a person puts their hand in a fist and thrusts it forward. This can be used for combat, or in some sports like boxing. Punch is the name of the blows that are thrown with the closed fist, striking, usually to other person, with the purpose of defence or attack.
The technique of the normal punch is performed closing the fist and striking with it. The fist is formed in a horizontal line along with the arm, being the element of usage of all the force performed the arm. There is other kind of punch in which the fist is placed vertically (with the palm of the hand directing towards a side instead of towards down) and directing slightly towards down in relation to the arm, in form where the fingers that blow are only the index finger and the ring finger. It is this latter the punch used usually in Kung-fu and the advised to person who had not had a proper training (because in this form it is much more difficult injury the wrist in case of doing it badly).
The punch is used, with different names and different techniques, in many martial arts, and also in systems of personal defence and attack without weapons, like in Tai-Jitsu.
Music video game
A music video game, also commonly known as a music game, is a video game where the point of the game is usually to interact with the music. The genre has had many different types of music games, including games that use guitar controllers, drum controllers, and some that use a dance mat that the player has to dance on.
Guitar Hero is a well-known music video game.
Tempo (Italian for 'time, movement') is the speed of a song or piece of music.
From slowest to fastest:
Terms for tempo change:
Tsunku
United States Secretary of Defense
The United States Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) is the head of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). The role was made in 1947. The Secretary of Defense is sixth in line to the United States presidential line of succession.
Yoshio Sakamoto
Yoshio Sakamoto is a video game developer for Nintendo who works in Nintendo R&D 1. He was the co-creator of the "Metroid" series along with Gunpei Yokoi, and is in charge of most of the games released after Yokoi's death. He also works on "Wario" games, including games in the "Wario Land" series and the "WarioWare" series. He founded "Team Shikamaru", which is dedicated to script writing.
An arcade game is a machine that is played using coins. Arcade games are found in restaurants, pubs, video arcades, and other places. Pinball games and video games are two common kinds of arcade games. The Apple App store categorized some apps into a category called "Arcade". One game that is in this category is Tiny Wings.
Computer Entertainment Rating Organization
TVE
TVE (Televisión Española) is a Spanish public television network.
Two and a Half Men
Two and a Half Men is an American sitcom which was first shown on CBS on September 22, 2003 and ended on February 19, 2015. The series centers around a man named Charlie, whose lifestyle is interrupted when his brother Alan (who had just been divorced from his wife) moves in to his Malibu, California house, along with Alan's son Jake.
The tapings of the show have temporarily stopped because it was announced that Charlie Sheen is entering rehab.
On March 7, 2011, the network fired Charlie Sheen from "Two and a Half Men". The network did not state if the show would go on or not.
The show is rated M in New Zealand for drug references and sexual references.
The show has received lots of nominations, including 23 Primetime Emmy Award nominations and 2 Golden Globe nominations. Conchata Ferrell and Holland Taylor were both nominated for Outstanding Supporting Actress - Comedy Series, in 2005 and 2007 (and Taylor again in 2008). Jon Cryer was nominated three times for Outstanding Supporting Actor - Comedy Series (in 2006, 2007 and 2008) and Charlie Sheen was nominated for the Outstanding Lead Actor - Comedy Series in 2006, 2007 and 2008, along with two Golden Globe nominations in 2005 and 2006 for Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series - Musical or Comedy. Picture Editor Joe Bella received two Emmys in the category Outstanding Multi-Camera Picture Editing for a Series, for the episodes "That Special Tug" (2006) and "Release the Dogs" (2007). Martin Sheen was nominated for the Outstanding Guest Actor - Comedy Series Emmy in 2006.
Real Oviedo C.F.
Real Oviedo is a Spanish football Club. It was founded in March 26 1926. Its home stadium is Carlos Tartiere in Oviedo. Real Oviedo has won the Spanish League Cup once.
Real Oviedo was relegated to "Tercera División" due to financial problems in 2003.
Real Oviedo have played in season 2008/09 at "Tercera División", the fourth category in Spanish football. It finished in first place in regular tournament, which allowed to play a play-off to promote to "Segunda División B". Real Oviedo have won a place in "Segunda División B" beating Mallorca B in play-off matches.
Frank Thomas (animator)
Franklin "Frank" Thomas (September 5, 1912 – September 8, 2004) was an American movie animator. He was one of Disney's Nine Old Men. He worked on many Disney movies until he retired in 1978. Later on, he wrote the animation book "" with good friend and fellow animator Ollie Johnston. Animator Chuck Jones once said that Thomas was the "Laurence Olivier of all animators."
"Break a leg" is an expression from Britain. (Here, an "expression" means a particular way of saying something.)
It can mean about the same as "good luck".
This expression was used in theaters by actors. Before an actor went on stage, other actors could wish that he or she had good luck in their work. Then, a co-worker could say "Break a leg!".
When the expression is used like this, it is a form of irony.
The Black Parade is Dead! is a CD/DVD by My Chemical Romance it was recorded live in Mexico.
From the Palacio de los Deportes in Mexico City, Mexico on October 7, 2007
From the Palacio de los Deportes in Mexico City, Mexico on October 7, 2007[4]
From Maxwell's in Hoboken, New Jersey, on October 24, 2007[4]
BBC Two
BBC Two is a television channel in the United Kingdom and The Second BBC Channel in the Franchise. It was released on 20 April, 1964, and was the third television channel in the United Kingdom. The channel was published by BBC. BBC Two was channel of the year in 2007.