AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Pareto distribution is a probability distribution named after Vilfredo Pareto. It is continuous and follows a power law. It is a heavy tailed distribution. The Pareto distribution was first used to show how income is distributed among households (which is commonly called Income distribution). Pareto distributions are often used in the cases when many different small independent factors contribute to a result. Pareto wrote a book called "Cours d'économie politique", where he tried to show that the number of people who have an income greater than x is proportional to formula_1. The parameter formula_2 is constant, and about 1.5. This is all that is needed to describe the Pareto distribution. Insurance companies often use Pareto distributions to model damage.
P. J. Mara
Patrick James "P. J." Mara (1942 – 15 January 2016) was an Irish public affairs consultant and former senator. He was best known as a political adviser to former Taoiseach Charles Haughey. He served briefly in the Seanad on two separate occasions, in 1981 and 1982. He was nominated by the Taoiseach Charles Haughey.
Mara served as Press Secretary to Fianna Fáil between 1983 and 1987. In 1987 he was appointed Government Press Secretary, and he held this position until February 1992, when he left the public service to move into the private sector. He later returned to serve as Fianna Fáil director of elections for the 1997, 2002, and 2007 general elections.
He was regularly lampooned on the satirical RTÉ radio sketch show "Scrap Saturday", which ran from 1989 to 1991.
Mara died on 15 January 2016 at a hospital after a long-illness in Dublin, Ireland at the age of 73.
Wally Wingert
Wallace Eugene Wingert (born August 16, 1961) is an American actor, voice actor, singer, performer and former radio personality. He is best known as the announcer for the second incarnation of "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno", and the current voice of Jon Arbuckle in "The Garfield Show". He is also known for his role as one of the Almighty Tallest in "Invader Zim" (along with Kevin McDonald), Ant-Man/Giant-Man from "", the Riddler from the "" video game series, and "Renji Abarai" from "Bleach".
In 1989, Wingert parodied the song "Wild, Wild West" on the Dr. Demento radio show as "Adam West," in response to the casting of Michael Keaton as the title character for that year's Batman movie.
George Carroll (judge)
George Carroll (January 6, 1922 – January 14, 2016) was an American lawyer. He was an important civic figure in Contra Costa County, California and the city of Richmond. He was born in Brooklyn, New York.
He was the first black lawyer in Richmond, California. In 1961 Carroll became the first African American elected to the city council (1961–1964) and later became the first black mayor of Richmond (1964–1965) or any large American city.
Carroll died in his sleep on January 14, 2015 in Richmond, California from respiratory failure at the age of 94.
Gastón Guzmán
Gastón Guzmán (August 26, 1932 – January 12, 2016) was a Mexican mycologist and anthropologist. He was an authority on the genus "Psilocybe". He was born in Xalapa, Veracruz.
Guzmán began his career in 1955. During his early field work, he found many species which was little known at the time. This inspired him to choose fungi as the topic of his professional thesis. He was the co-founder and former president of the Mexican Mycological Society (1965), he was also president of the Latin American Mycological Association (2000–2002). He retired in 2010.
Guzmán died of a heart attack in Guadalajara, Mexico on January 12, 2016 at the age of 83. He is survived by his daughter, Laura Guzmán Dávalos, is also a mycologist.
Kiwi Travel International Airlines
Qaisra Shahraz
Bano Qudsia
Bano Qudsia (28 November 1928 – 4 February 2017) is a Pakistani writer. She wrote mostly in Urdu. Her most famous novel was "Raja Gidh" (published in 1981). She wrote more than forty novels and plays. She was born in Firozpur, Punjab, India.
Qudsia died on 4 February 2017 in Lahore at the age of 88.
Musa (genus)
Musa is one of two or three genera in the family Musaceae; it includes bananas and plantains. Around 70 species of "Musa" are known, with a broad variety of uses.
Many bananas and plantains grow as high as trees, but they are not woody. Their apparent "stem" is made up of the bases of the huge leaf stalks. For this reason, they are technically gigantic herbs.
"Musa" species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including the giant leopard moth and other "Hypercompe" species, including "H. albescens" (only recorded on "Musa"), "H. eridanus", and "H. icasia".
Oleksandr Shevchenko
Oleksandr Oksentiyovych Shevchenko (; 26 June 1937 – 15 January 2016) was a Ukrainian scientist, judge, politician, and teacher. He was the deputy of the Svoboda party from 2012 to 2014. He was later a member of the Petro Poroshenko Bloc until 15 September 2015. He supported the right to bear arms and was against the death penalty. He was born in Simferopol Raion, Crimea, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union.
Shevchenko died on 15 January 2016 at the age of 78.
Manuel Velázquez
Manuel Velázquez Villaverde (24 January 1943 – 15 January 2016) was a Spanish footballer. He played as a striker. He played for Plus Ultra, Rayo Vallecano, Málaga, Real Madrid, and Toronto Metros-Croatia. He also played for the Spain national football team. He was born in Madrid.
Velázquez died on 15 January 2016 in Madrid, aged 72.
Rajesh Vivek
Rajesh Vivek Upadhyay (31 January 1949 – 14 January 2016) was an Indian actor. He was best known for his roles in "Lagaan", "Swades", "Mahabharat", "Mujhse Shaadi Karogi", "Bharat Ek Khoj", "What's Your Raashee?" and "Bunty Aur Babli". He was born in Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh.
Vivek died from heart attack on 14 January 2016 in Hyderabad, Telangana. He was 66.
Lycra
Lycra is a type of synthetic fabric that is very elastic. It is also called Spandex or elastane. The name "spandex" is an anagram of the word "expands".
Lycra was invented in 1958 , United States. It was invented by Joseph Shivers, a chemist. It is made from a combination of polyester and polyurethane.
Because of its elasticity and strength, lycra is often used to make clothing. It is commonly mixed with cotton to make things like tights, bras,Lycra shirt,Dr199 and underwear. Lycra is especially common in sports clothing, such as wrestling singlets. It is also often used to make swimsuits and wetsuits, because lycra dries more quickly than many other fabrics.
Types of Lycra Fabric
Aside from the varied manufacturing processes that can be used to make this fabric, there are no distinct differences between Lycra, elastane, and spandex. It is, however, important to know more about each term:
Lycra: As a registered trademark of the DuPont corporation, the "Lycra" brand is one of the most reliable and high-quality forms of elastane fabric on the market. However, elastane that has been branded as Lycra can sometimes cost more than other types of spandex
Elastane: The term "elastane" is most commonly used in Europe, and each continental European language has a slightly different version of this word. Elastane is the most technically correct term used to describe these polyether-polyurea copolymer fabrics.
Spandex: Despite the persistence of a common misconception, spandex is not a registered trademark of any company. Instead, it is the term that DuPont originally used to describe their polyurethane fabric during the development process. "Spandex" is an anagram of "expands," and the attractive simplicity of this name has made it the preferred term for referring to elastane products in the United States and elsewhere.
Where Is Lycra Fabric Produced?
Lycra is a trademark of DuPont, and it is only made by this international corporation. DuPont has manufacturing locations in more than 90 countries, which means that this fabric could be made in any number of areas around the world.
Overall, the international spandex industry has shifted eastward in the last few decades as China has risen to the fore as the dominant manufacturing power in the world. DuPont has a number of factories in China, and many other companies also manufacture spandex in this country.
The future of Lycra fabric production around the world looks bright. A ReportBuyer report from 2018 indicates that this fabric will continue to be made in greater and greater quantities until at least 2023, and all signs indicate that this production boom will continue far past this projected date.
Does Lycra Fabric Impact the Environment
The production of Lycra is not considered to be inherently detrimental to the environment. While it's true that the production of elastane fabrics requires high levels of energy and the use of a variety of toxic chemicals, unlike fabrics like nylon, the raw ingredients for Lycra are not derived from non-renewable resources like petroleum oil.
Instead, these ingredients are fully synthesized in laboratory settings, and DuPont is one of the world's leaders in sustainable and safe elastane manufacturing processes. There's no getting around the fact that the production of Lycra involves carcinogenic chemicals, but scientific research has indicated that elastane factory workers in Sweden exhibit negligibly greater cancer risk, which seems to indicate that workplaces in which this material is made are not very hazardous. No studies have been done, however, to examine the impact of elastane production on workers in other countries.
Thomas Newcomen
Thomas Newcomen (February 1664 – 5 August 1729) was an English inventor. He made the first practical steam engine for pumping water, the Newcomen steam engine.
Newcomen was an ironmonger and a Baptist lay preacher. He was born in Dartmouth, Devon, England, to a merchant family and baptised at St. Saviour's Church on 24 February 1664.
Flooding in coal and tin mines was a large problem. Newcomen was trying to improve ways to pump out the water from the mines. His ironmonger's business specialised in tools for the mining industry.
His first engine was not very efficient, and used a lot of coal. The Watt steam engine, was much more fuel efficient. Watt and his partner Matthew Boulton got substantial royalties because their machines saved so much on fuel bills.
There are examples of Newcomen engines in the Science Museum (London) and the Ford Museum, Dearborn, Michigan.
Perhaps the last Newcomen-style engine to be used commercially – and the last still on its original site – is at the Elsecar Heritage Centre, near Barnsley in South Yorkshire. Newcomen engines that can be seen working are the Newcomen Memorial Engine at Dartmouth and the replica engine at the Black Country Museum in Dudley, West Midlands.
Superphylum
A superphylum is an unofficial grade in taxonomy, above the phylum and below the subregnum, used to describe a group of phyla which probably evolved from a common ancestor.
It is used especially in the animal kingdom. Examples:
Chinese name
Chinese names () are names for people in Chinese languages. They are mostly used by Chinese people, but some Korean people and Vietnamese people also use forms of Chinese names.
Modern Chinese names are made up of a surname and a personal name. The surname ("xìng" ) appears first. It is usually only one syllable. The personal name ("míng" ) appears second. It is nearly always either one or two syllables. When written, each syllable is written with one character. So a person's name will usually be written with two or three characters. For example, Wei () of the Zhang () family – currently China's most common single name – is called "Zhang Wei" and written as .
Before the 20th century, educated Chinese people also used a "courtesy name" or "style name" ("zì" ). This is the name by which they were known among those outside of their family and friends.
Lennie Bluett
Lennie Bluett (January 21, 1919 – January 1, 2016), was an American actor, pianist, dancer and singer. He was born in Los Angeles, California. Bluett played a soldier in "Gone With the Wind" in 1939. He also appeared in "Mighty Joe Young" and in "A Star Is Born".
Bluett died on January 1, 2016 in Los Angeles at the age of 96.
Conrad Phillips
Conrad Phillips (born Conrad Philip Havord; 13 April 1925 – 13 January 2016) was a British movie and television actor. He was born in London, England. He was known for playing William Tell in "The Adventures of William Tell" and for guest-star role as Mr. Lloyd in "Fawlty Towers".
Phillips died in Chippenham, Wiltshire from complications of pneumonia at the age of 90.
In economics, a household is the name given to a number of people who live in the same place, and who share a number of things. Very often, this is the case with a family, but this need not be the case. People living in the same household profit, because they can share some of the expenses.
Eddie Robinson (baseball)
William Edward Robinson (born December 15, 1920) is an American Major League Baseball first baseman, scout, coach and front office executive of the 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. He is the author of an autobiography, published in 2011, entitled "Lucky Me: My Sixty-five Years in Baseball".
Robinson was born in Paris, Texas. He studied at Pairs Junior College. His career began in September 1942.
Robinson played for the Cleveland Indians in 1942, again from 1946 through 1948 and lastly in 1957. He also played for the Washington Senators from 1949 through 1950, for the Chicago White Sox from 1950 through 1952, the Philadelphia Athletics in 1953, the New York Yankees from 1954 through 1956, the Detroit Tigers in 1957, and for the Baltimore Orioles in 1957.
Following the death of Val Heim on November 21, 2019, Robinson became the oldest living player.
TAP Portugal is the flag carrier airline of Portugal. Its headquarters and hub are at Lisbon Portela Airport. TAP operates about 2,000 flights a week to 88 destinations in 38 countries worldwide.
TAP Portugal was founded on March 14, 1945. It began flying on September 19, 1945. It's first flight was from Lisbon to Madrid. The one-millionth passenger flew on TAP on 19 June 1964, 18 years after the airline began operations. In 1969, TAP began flying New York City. Boston was added to the New York service in 1970. TAP bought Boeing 747 airplanes during the 1970s. In 1975, TAP was nationalised, becoming a state-owned corporation (Empresa Pública) and changing its name to TAP Air Portugal in March 1979. TAP became a member of Star Alliance in 2005.
XTRA Airways
XTRA Airways is a charter airline from the United States. It began in 1987. It was first known as "Casino Express Airlines". In 2005, it was renamed "XTRA Airways". The airline's headquarters are in Coral Gables, Florida. As of 2016, XTRA has 9 airplanes.
Googleplex
Googleplex is the head office of Google, Inc. The office is located at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway in Mountain View, Santa Clara County, California, United States, near San Jose.
The original complex has 2,000,000 square feet (190,000 m) of office space. It is the company's second largest building. The Bay View addition to the building was added in 2015. This made it part of the biggest collection of Google buildings. It has 3,100,000 square feet (290,000 m) of space.
The place was owned by Silicon Graphics in the past. The office space and corporate campus is in a bigger 26-acre (110,000 m) site. The place also includes Charleston Park and better connection to Permanente Creek, as well as roads that connect to Shoreline Park and the Bay Trail. The project was started in 1994. It was built on the site of one of the working farms in the area.The city owned it at the time.
Google got the facilities in early 2003. Clive Wilkinson Architects redesigned the inside in 2005. Google bought some of Silicon Graphics' properties in June 2006 for $319 million.
The buildings are not tall, but the complex covers a large area of land. The inside of the headquarters has items like shade lamps and giant rubber balls for decoration. The lobby has a piano and a projection of current live Google searches. There are also facilities like free laundry rooms, two small swimming pools, volleyball courts, and eighteen cafeterias with different menus. Google has also put in models of SpaceShipOne and a dinosaur skeleton.
Since 2007 the place has a set of solar panels covering the roofs of eight buildings and two solar carports. These can produce 1.6 megawatts of electricity. 30% of the peak electricity demand comes from the panels in their solar-powered buildings.
In 2013 construction started on a new 1.1 million square foot headquarters campus called "Bay View". This was next to the original campus on leased from NASA. The estimated cost of the project is $120 million with a target opening date of 2015.
NBBJ is the architect of the addition. This is also the first time Google has designed its own buildings.
The addition is close to northeast corner of the complex. Google tried to get permission from the city to build bridges over Stevens Creek before announcing its construction. Google's 2012 year-end annual report says that it can expand only of the site.
The Googleplex was featured in the 2013 film "The Internship", with the Georgia Tech campus standing in as a double. It was also the inspiration for the fictional Hooli headquarters in the HBO TV series "Silicon Valley".
Rudolf Höss
Rudolf Franz Ferdinand Höss (also spelled Höß, Hoeß, or Hoess) (25 November 1900 – 16 April 1947) was a high-ranking member of the Nazi "Schutzstaffel" (SS) during World War II. He was in charge of Auschwitz concentration camp for about four years.
During World War II, Nazi Germany, led by Adolf Hitler, decided to exterminate (kill all of) the Jewish people in Europe. They called this plan the "Final Solution". The Nazis also sent many other people to concentration camps and extermination camps (death camps). As Commandant (commander) at Auschwitz, Höss tested and started using different ways of killing these people more quickly. He started using Zyklon B, a pesticide with hydrogen cyanide in it, to kill prisoners in gas chambers. This allowed Nazi soldiers at Auschwitz to murder 2,000 people every hour. At Auschwitz, he created the largest place meant for the constant mass murder of human beings ever known in history.
Höss joined the Nazi Party in 1922, and joined the SS in 1934. From 4 May 1940 to November 1943, and again from 8 May 1944 to 18 January 1945, he was in charge of Auschwitz. Before Nazi Germany lost World War II, more than a million people were murdered at Auschwitz. Höss was hanged in 1947 after he was found guilty at a trial in Warsaw, Poland.
Höss was born in Baden-Baden, Germany, on 25 November 1900. His parents were Franz Xaver Höss and Lina Höss. He was the oldest of three children, and was the only son. Höss's family was very Catholic.
In his autobiography, Höss said that he was briefly kidnapped by Gypsies when he was a child.
Höss's father was a former German army officer who had served in German East Africa (a German colony that included what are now Burundi, Rwanda, and part of Tanzania). After leaving the army, he ran a tea and coffee business. He brought up his son based on strict Catholic beliefs, and with military discipline. He had decided that Höss would become a Catholic priest. During Höss's early childhood, he was constantly being told about sin, guilt, and the need to do penance.
Höss began turning against religion as a young teenager. This happened after he gave a confession to a priest (he told the priest what he had done wrong). In Catholicism, the "Seal of the Confessional" is supposed to be unbreakable. This means a priest is never supposed to tell anyone what someone has said in a confession. Höss said he started to dislike religion when the priest told Höss's father about something Höss had said in a confession. Soon after this, Höss's father died, and Höss began moving toward a military life.
When World War I started, Höss served briefly in a military hospital. Then, at age 14, he was allowed to join his father's and grandfather's old regiment, the German Army's 21st Regiment of Dragoons. At age 15, he fought with the Ottoman Sixth Army at Baghdad, at Kut-el-Amara, and in Palestine. While stationed in Turkey, he rose to the rank of " (sergeant). At age 17, he was the youngest non-commissioned officer in the German Army. While in the Army, he was injured three times and got malaria. He was awarded the Ottoman Empire's Gallipoli Star, the Iron Cross first and second class, and other decorations.
After Germany surrendered in November 1918, Höss finished high school. Soon, he joined the nationalist paramilitary groups that were forming. First, he joined the East Prussian Volunteer Corps. Then he joined the " in the countries around the Baltic Sea, Silesia, and the Ruhr. Höss participated in the armed terror attacks on Polish people during the Silesian Uprisings (when the Polish people tried to break away from German control). He also participated in terror attacks on French nationals during the Occupation of the Ruhr (when the Ruhr valley in Germany was occupied by France and Belgium).
Höss joined the Nazi Party in 1922 after hearing Adolf Hitler's speech in Munich. Höss led at least one political assassination, and spent six years in jail for it.
On 31 May 1923, in Mecklenburg, Germany, Höss and members of the "Freikorps" (German volunteer soldiers) beat to death a local schoolteacher named Walther Kadow. They did this because Martin Bormann wanted them to. Bormann later became Hitler's private secretary. Bormann thought that Kadow had told the French occupational government Nazi soldier Albert Leo Schlageter was sabotaging French supply lines. Schlageter was arrested and executed on 26 May 1923. Soon afterward, Höss and several accomplices, including Bormann, killed Kadow out of revenge. In 1923, after one of the killers confessed to a local newspaper, Höss was arrested and tried as the leader of the murder. Höss later said than another man was actually in charge, but at the time, Höss accepted the blame as the group's leader. He was convicted and sentenced (on 15 or 17 May 1924). His sentence was for 10 years in Brandenburg Penitentiary (prison). Bormann was sentenced to one year in prison.
Höss was released in July 1928 as part of a general amnesty. He joined the "" ("Artaman League"), a nationalist "back-to-the-land" movement that supported clean, farm living.
On 17 August 1929, Höss married Hedwig Hensel (3 March 1908 – 1989), whom he met in the Artaman League. Between 1930 and 1943, they had five children: two sons (Klaus and Hans-Rudolf) and three daughters (Ingebrigitt, Heidetraut, and Annegret).
Höss became a member of the SS on 1 April 1934, when Heinrich Himmler encouraged all Nazi men to join the SS. Höss joined the "SS-Totenkopfverbände" (Death's Head Units) in the same year. He came to admire Himmler so much that he thought whatever Himmler said was "gospel." He even preferred to display Himmler's picture in his office instead of Hitler's.
Höss was assigned to the Dachau concentration camp in December 1934. There, he where he held the post of "Blockführer" ("Block Leader"), meaning he was in charge of one barracks of prisoners. In 1938, Höss was promoted to "SS-Hauptsturmführer" (Captain), and was made an assistant to Hermann Baranowski in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp.
Höss joined the Waffen-SS in 1939 after Nazi Germany invaded Poland. Höss was good at his job, and his bosses suggested that he should be promoted (given a better job). By the end of his tour of duty there, Höss was in charge of prisoners' belongings.
On 1 May 1940, Höss was appointed commandant of Auschwitz, which was a combination of concentration camps and an extermination camp. Höss commanded the camp for three and a half years. During this time, he changed the original camp into a huge complex (group of camps) called Auschwitz-Birkenau. Höss went to Auschwitz determined "to do things differently" and develop a more efficient camp than the camps at Dachau and Sachsenhausen where he had worked before. Höss lived at Auschwitz in a villa with his wife and five children.
The earliest inmates at Auschwitz were Soviet prisoners of war and Polish prisoners, including peasants and intellectuals. About 700 of these prisoners arrived at Auschwitz in June 1940; the Nazi guards told them they would not survive more than 3 months.
At its largest, Auschwitz included three major camps:
There were also many smaller "sub-camps" nearby. The Auschwitz complex was built on about 8,000 hectares (20,000 acres) that had been cleared of everyone who lived there.
In June 1941, Höss met with SS Commander Heinrich Himmler in Berlin. Himmler told Höss that Hitler had given the order for the "Final Solution" - to kill all of the Jewish people. Himmler had chosen Auschwitz as the place where Europe's Jews would be exterminated. He chose Auschwitz "[because] of its easy access by rail [train] and also because the extensive site offered space for measures ensuring isolation." This meant that Auschwitz was big enough that the genocide of the Jews could be kept secret. Himmler described the project as a "secret Reich matter." Höss later said that "no one was allowed to speak about these matters with any person and that everyone promised upon his life to keep the utmost secrecy."
Höss began testing and perfecting mass murder techniques on 3 September 1941. His experiments made Auschwitz the camp that would kill the most prisoners during the Holocaust. Höss later said that, during a regular day at Auschwitz, two to three trains carrying 2,000 prisoners each would arrive every day for periods of four to six weeks. The prisoners were unloaded in the Birkenau death camp. Prisoners who were strong, healthy, and able to work were marched to barracks in either Birkenau or one of the other Auschwitz camps. Prisoners who were elderly, very young, sick, or unable to do forced labor were killed in gas chambers, which were disguised as showers. At first, small gassing bunkers were located deep in the woods, to keep them secret. Later, four large gas chambers and crematoria were built in Birkenau to make it easier for the Nazis to kill more people, more quickly.
Höss experimented with different poison gases. At first, he used cotton filters soaked in sulfuric acid. Höss later started using hydrogen cyanide (prussic acid), made from the pesticide Zyklon B, after his deputy Karl Fritzsch tested it on a group of Russian prisoners in 1941. Höss said that when he used Zyklon B, it took 3–15 minutes for prisoners to die, and that "we knew when the people were dead because they stopped screaming."
On 10 November 1943, Arthur Liebehenschel became the Commandant at Auschwitz. Höss took over Liebehenschel's last job as the chairman of "Amt D I" in "Amtsgruppe D" of the "SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt" (WVHA), which ran the concentration camps. Höss also was made the deputy (assistant) of Richard Glücks, the inspector of all of the concentration camps.
On 8 May 1944, Höss returned to Auschwitz to supervise operation "Aktion Höss." In "Aktion Höss," 430,000 Hungarian Jews were sent to Auschwitz and killed in 56 days. Even the huge facility that Höss had built could not handle the huge number of victims' corpses. The camp's staff had to burn thousands of bodies in open fire pits.
In the last days of the war, Himmler told Höss to disguise himself among German Navy sailors. Höss avoided arrest for nearly a year. When he was captured by British soldiers on 11 March 1946 in Gottrupel, he was disguised as a gardener and called himself Franz Lang. His wife, who feared that her son, Klaus, would be shipped off to the Soviet Union to be imprisoned or tortured, had told the British where Höss was. The British soldiers that captured Höss were led by Hanns Alexander, a young Jewish man from Berlin who was forced to flee to England with his entire family during the rise of Nazi Germany. Höss initially denied who he was, until Alexander noticed his wedding ring and demanded to see it. Höss refused to remove it, saying it was stuck on his finger. But when Alexander threatened to cut his finger off, Höss removed the ring. It had the names "Rudolf" and "Hedwig" engraved inside. After being questioned and beaten with axe handles by the British soldiers, Höss admitted who he really was.
Höss appeared at the Nuremberg Trials on 15 April 1946, where he explained his crimes in detail. Affidavits (sworn statements to the court) that Rudolf Höss made while imprisoned in Nuremberg were also used at the Pohl and IG Farben trials.
In his affidavit made at Nuremberg on 5 April 1946, Höss stated:
On 25 May 1946, Höss was handed over to Polish authorities, and the Supreme National Tribunal in Poland tried him for murder. His trial lasted from 11 to 29 March 1947. During his trial, when accused of murdering three and a half million people, Höss replied, "No. Only two and one half million—the rest died from disease and starvation." Höss was sentenced to death by hanging on 2 April 1947. He was executed on 16 April next to the crematorium of the former Auschwitz I concentration camp. He was hanged on a gallows built specifically for his execution, at the location of the camp's "Gestapo". Today, a board that marks the site reads:
Höss wrote his autobiography while awaiting execution. It was published in 1956 as "," and later as "Death Dealer: the Memoirs of the SS Kommandant at Auschwitz" (among other editions).
After discussions with Höss during the Nuremberg Trials where Höss testified, the American military psychologist Gustave Gilbert wrote:
Four days before he was executed, Höss apologized for his crimes in a message to the state prosecutor:
Shortly before his execution, Höss returned to the Catholic Church. On 10 April 1947, he received the sacrament of penance from Friar Władysław Lohn, S.J. On the next day, the same priest gave Höss Holy Communion as Viaticum (the Eucharist given to a person who is dying).
Höss's original confession, with his signature, is displayed in a glass case in the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. Behind the confession is a photo showing Hungarian Jewish women and children walking to one of the four gas chambers in the Birkenau death camp on 26 May 1944.
Bloons Tower Defense
Bloons Tower Defense (also Bloons TD or BTD) are a series of tower-defense games that were created by Ninja Kiwi. The focus of the games is to use towers to defeat an enemy called Bloons to progress through the game. As you play the game, the Bloons become more difficult to defeat. Players are able to upgrade their towers to help defeat stronger enemies. Bloons can come with power ups, such as camouflage and regeneration. Most of the Tower Defense games can be played on computers and mobile/tablets.
On mobile, all of the Bloons Tower Defense Games (except Bloons Monkey City and Bloons TD 3, which are free on the App Store) cost $2.99 to play and download. A free game is also on their website. Some of the Bloons games have lite versions, such as Bloons TD or Bloons TD 4, which are free to play, but have limitations.
The enemies of the series are "Bloons". (The trademarked word Bloons is a spinoff of the word ""balloons"".) Once the Bloons come, a monkey will have to be placed to pop them. These monkeys pop the bloons. Red Bloons release no "children". B.A.Ds also have no "parents". Children & parents are terms determining what Bloons release when pop (children) and what Bloon releases that Bloon (parents). For example, the child of a Blue Bloon is a Red Bloon, and the parent of a Blue Bloon is a Green Bloon. A Red Bloon Equivalent (RBE) value is the number of Red Bloons it is equivalent to.
In Bloons, there are a lot of towers. All towers can be upgraded four tiers. You can only upgrade one side of the tower to the fourth tier but upgrade the other side to the second tier. As of BTD6, here are the list of towers and camo status:
The Bloons Tower Defense series has been a top seller on the Apple app store. Bloons TD 4 reached No. 6 on Apple's list of top paid iPhone and iPad games in 2010. Bloons TD 5 was able to reach No. 8 on Apple's list of top paid iPhone app downloads in 2013.
Tower Defense is a type of game where players use strategy to build towers to help defeat an enemy. In many tower defence games the player's towers must stop an enemy from invading a base. If the towers cannot stop the enemy, the player loses the game.
The first game that was thought to be a tower defense game was "Rampart" . Other games started to be used for tower defense by using tools in the games to change them. Those games were ones like "Starcraft" , "Age of Empires II" , and "Warcraft III" .
Tower defense games were made by independent developers also. The first game made in Flash was "Flash Element Tower Defense" . The next game was made quickly after and was called "Desktop Tower Defense" . Desktop Tower Defense won an award from the Independent Games Festival.
Mel Tillis
Lonnie Melvin "Mel" Tillis (August 8, 1932 – November 19, 2017) was an American country music singer and songwriter. He recorded songs since the late 1950s. His biggest success occurred in the 1970s, with a long list of Top 10 hits. His biggest hits include "I Ain't Never", "Good Woman Blues", and "Coca-Cola Cowboy".
On February 13, 2012, President Barack Obama awarded Tillis the National Medal of Arts for his contributions to country music. He also has won the CMA Awards' most coveted award, Entertainer of the Year. He was also known for his stutter, which does not affect his singing voice. His daughter is country music singer Pam Tillis.
Tillis died on November 19, 2017 of respiratory failure complicated by sepsis in Ocala, Florida at the age of 85.
Noreen Corcoran
Noreen M. Corcoran (October 20, 1943 – January 15, 2016) was an American actress, singer and dancer. Her career began in 1951. She was best known for her co-starring role as the teenager Kelly Gregg in the television sitcom "". She also appeared in movies such as "Gidget Goes to Rome" and in "The Girls on the Beach". She retired in 1965.
Corcoran was born in Quincy, Massachusetts. She studied at California State University. Corcoran died in Van Nuys, Los Angeles, California from heart and lung disease (cardiopulmonary disease) at the age of 72.
William Craig (philosopher)
William Craig (November 13, 1918 – January 13, 2016) was an German-born American professor of Philosophy at University of California, Berkeley. His interests included mathematical logic, and philosophy of science. He was mostly known for the Craig interpolation theorem. Craig received his Ph.D. at Harvard University in 1951.
Craig died in Berkeley, California at the age of 97.
Abbey Simon
Abbey Simon (January 8, 1922 – December 18, 2019) was an American concert pianist, teacher, and recording artist. He was a student of Josef Hofmann at the Curtis Institute of Music. He was the winner of the Naumburg International Piano Competition in 1940. He was called a "supervirtuoso" by the New York Times.
Simon was born in New York City, New York. He studied at Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His career began in 1940. Simon died in Geneva on December 18, 2019 at the age of 99.
Rudolf Haag
Rudolf Haag (17 August 1922 – 5 January 2016) was a German theoretical physicist. He was born in Tübingen, Germany.
He was best known for his works to the algebraic formulation of axiomatic quantum field theory, namely the Haag-Kastler axioms
, and a central no-go theorem in QFT, Haag's theorem, which demonstrates the nonexistence of a unitary time-evolution operator in the interaction picture.
In 1965 he founded the journal Communications in Mathematical Physics, which he guided as Chief Editor for eight years.
He was awarded the Max Planck medal in 1970 and the Henri Poincaré Prize of the International Association of Mathematical Physics in 1997.
Haag died on 5 January 2016 at the age of 93.
Jean-Noël Rey
Jean-Noël Rey (23 December 1949 – 16 January 2016) was a Swiss socialist politician. He was the Secretary of the Socialist Group of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland. He was a member of the National Council of Switzerland between 2003 and 2007. He was also the CEO of the national postal service Swiss Post.
Rey was born in Sierre. He was married twice and had two children.
Rey was shot and killed by terrorists on 16 January 2016 in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. He was 66.
Francisco X. Alarcón
Francisco Xavier Alarcón (February 21, 1954 – January 15, 2016) was an American poet and educator. He was awarded the American Book Award for "Snake Poems" in 1993. He taught at University of California, Davis. He published over twenty works of poetry between 1985 and 2010. He wrote poetry in English, Spanish and Nahuatl. His works were often translated into other languages including Gaelic and Swedish.
Alarcón was born in Wilmington, Los Angeles, California. He grew up in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. He studied at Stanford University and California State University, Long Beach. He was openly gay.
Alarcón died from cancer on January 15, 2016 in Davis, California, aged 61.
Carina Jaarnek
Eva Carina Kvistborg Jaarnek (26 December 1962 – 16 January 2016), better known as Carina Jaarnek, was a Swedish singer. She was a member of several dansbands during the 1970s and 1980s, most notably Carina Jaarneks orkester. She recorded many songs with Elvis Presley artists.
Jaarnek was born in Säbrå, Ångermanland. She was married to her manager Niels Kvist Borg and had two daughters. Her sister, Towe, is also a singer.
Jarrnek died from a brain haemorrhage on 16 January 2016 in Stockholm, aged 53.
Lawrence H. Cohn
Lawrence Harvey Cohn (March 11, 1937 – January 9, 2016) was an American heart surgeon, researcher, and medical educator. He was best known for his heart valve repair and replacement surgeries. He was on the surgical staff at Harvard Medical School from 1971 until his death. He was also Professor of Surgery at Harvard Medical School from 1980 until his death. He was awarded the Chair in Cardiac Surgery at Harvard Medical School in 2000.
Cohn was born in San Francisco, California. His family was Jewish. He was married and had two daughters.
Cohen died from a stroke on January 9, 2016 in Boston, Massachusetts. He was 78.
A batch file is a special kind of computer file that tells a computer a list of instructions to do in order. Batch files were used a lot when DOS was used by many people. They are good for automating many small pieces of work. Some people still use batch files today.
This is an example of a batch file. It is called a "Hello World" example because it prints the text "Hello World!" to the screen.
When that text is put into a file with an extension of ".bat", saved, and run, it will put this on the screen:
Demand forecasting
Demand forecasting is when a business predicts future demand for its products. A business looks at many things when they do demand forecasting. Some of these things are past sales, data from test markets, and statistics. Businesses can also use educated guesses to help predict future demand. Businesses use demand forecasting to help them come up with the amount of demand for their products so they know how much supply to make.
Aldebaran (α Tau, α Tauri, Alpha Tauri) is an orange giant star. It is about 65 light years away in the zodiac constellation of Taurus. With an average apparent magnitude of 0.87 it is the brightest star in the constellation and is one of the brightest stars in the nighttime sky. The name "Aldebaran" is Arabic ( "") and means "the Follower", presumably because it rises near and soon after the Pleiades. The diameter of Aldebaran is larger than 50 million kilometers.
In 1993 a companion body was reported. A paper recently accepted shows evidence for a planetary companion.
Tau Ceti (τ Cet, τ Ceti) is a star in the constellation Cetus. It can be seen with the unaided eye as a third-magnitude star.
It has a spectrum similar to the Sun, but is only 78% of the Sun's mass. It is just under 12 light-years from the Solar System, a relatively nearby star. It is the closest solitary G-class star. The star appears stable, and is "metal-deficient" because (like the Sun) it is mostly made of hydrogen and helium.
There is more than ten times as much dust surrounding Tau Ceti as in the Solar System. There are probably five planets orbiting Tau Ceti, two in the habitable zone. Because of its debris disk, any planet orbiting Tau Ceti would get far more impact events than Earth. Despite this, its Sun-like characteristics have led to widespread interest in the star. Tau Ceti is consistently listed as a target for the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI), and it appears in some science fiction literature.
Project Ozma searched for intelligent life (SETI) by examining selected stars for artificial radio signals. It was run by the astronomer Frank Drake, who selected Tau Ceti and Epsilon Eridani as the first targets. Both are near the Solar System and are similar to the Sun. No artificial signals were found after 200 hours of observations. Subsequent radio searches of this star system have also turned up negative.
On December 19, 2012, evidence was presented for a system of five planets orbiting Tau Ceti. The planets' estimated minimum masses are between two and six times the Earth's mass. Their orbital periods range from 14 to 640 days. One of them, Tau Ceti e, appears to orbit about half as far from Tau Ceti as Earth does from the Sun. With Tau Ceti's luminosity of 52% that of the Sun and a distance from the star of 0.552 AU, the planet would receive 1.71 times as much stellar radiation as Earth does. This is slightly less than Venus, which gets 1.91 times Earth's. Some research places it within the star's habitable zone.
The habitable zone for a star is where liquid water could be present on an Earth-like planet. For Tau Ceti, this is at a radius of 0.55–1.16 AU, where 1 AU is the average distance from the Earth to the Sun.
The Expanse (TV): Destination of the Nauvoo, on a 100 year voyage. The ship is 500m cylinder, 2000m long. It would require a continuous acceleration of 0.05 m/s for 50 years, and an equal deceleration at the halfway point.
The Foundation book series by Isaac Asimov: The home star of the planet Aurora, first planet to be colonized by humans.
Oliver Jeffers
Oliver Jeffers (born 1977) is an artist, illustrator and writer from Belfast, Northern Ireland. He now lives and works in Brooklyn, New York. He graduated from the University of Ulster in 2001. He creates art for children and adult alike.
His picture books, including 'How to catch a star, Lost and found, Stuck have been highly acclaimed. "This Moose Belongs to Me" won the Irish Book Awards Children's Book of
the Year, Junior category in 2012.
Originally from Belfast, Oliver now lives and works in Brooklyn, New York. His favourite colour is striped.
Here is a list of books that Oliver has illustrated:
The Day the Crayons Quit,
How to Catch a Star,
Lost and Found,
The Way Back Home,
Up and Down,
Oliver Jeffers presents the Incredible Book Eating Boy,
the Great Paper Caper,
The Heart and the Bottle,
Stuck,
This Moose Belongs To Me,
The Hueys in The New Jumper,
The Hueys in It Wasn't Me,
The Hueys in None the Number (A counting Adventure,)
Once Upon an Alphabet (Short stories For all the Letters.)
In 2013, Jeffers illustrated the vinyl record cover for the U2 song "Ordinary Love". It is a drawing of Nelson Mandela.
Blowfly (musician)
Clarence Henry Reid (February 14, 1939 – January 17, 2016), better known by the stage name Blowfly, was an American musician, singer-songwriter, comedian, rapper and producer. He released over 25 parody albums as "Blowfly" and another three albums as "Clarence Reid". He also wrote ten songs for Gwen McCrae.
Blowfly was born in Cochran, Georgia. His daughter, Tracy Reid, was a professional basketball player.
Blowfly died from liver cancer on January 17, 2016 in Florida, aged 76.
Bob Harkey
Bob Harkey (June 23, 1930 – January 16, 2016) was an American racecar driver. He was in the USAC Championship Car series. He raced in the 1963–1979 seasons. He had 85 career starts, including the Indianapolis 500 in 1964, 1971 and 1973–1976. He finished in the top ten 23 times. His best finish in 4th position in 1964. He was born in Charlotte, North Carolina.
Harkley died on January 16, 2016 in Indianapolis, Indiana, aged 85.
Nazi eugenics
Nazi eugenics were a set of beliefs and rules that were very important to Nazi Germany during World War II. These beliefs said that the Aryan race was the master race – the best race of all – and all other races were inferior (not as good). There were also many other people who the Nazis believed were "life unworthy of life," like people with disabilities. These ideas about eugenics were at the center of the Nazis' beliefs and eventually helped lead to the Holocaust.
Because they did not want these "inferior" people in German society, the Nazis decided to get rid of them, using many different strategies. They began with people with disabilities. The Nazis forced more than 400,000 people with disabilities to be sterilized (to have surgery that would make it impossible for them to have children). They also killed over 300,000 people with disabilities in a program called Action T4. In this program, the Nazis sent people with disabilities to places like Hadamar and Hartheim Euthanasia Centres to be killed. These people were killed with lethal injections and poison gas, in vans and gas chambers at the Euthanasia Centres.
Using what they learned by killing people with disabilities, the Nazis soon built extermination camps (death camps). The Nazis' goal was to use these death camps to exterminate (kill all of) the Jewish and Roma people in Europe. The Nazis also sent many other people who they thought were inferior to the death camps and to concentration camps, where they were forced to work as slaves.
The Nazis' ideas about eugenics said that many different groups of people were "inferior" or "unworthy of life." These included:
The eugenics movement was very popular in the United States by the time it spread to Germany. California eugenicists began writing things that encouraged eugenics and sterilization, and sent them to German scientists and medical professionals. By 1933, California had forced more people to get sterilized than all of the other U.S. states combined. The Nazis got the idea for their compulsory (forced) sterilization program partly from California's program.
In 1927, The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology (KWIA) was created in Berlin with a lot of financial support from the American philanthropic group, the Rockefeller Foundation. The KWIA's director was Eugen Fischer, a German professor of medicine, anthropology, and eugenics. Fischer said he had found scientific proof of the Nazis' eugenics ideas, and the Nazis used his work to justify their eugenics policies.
In 1934, California eugenics leader C.M. Goethe visited Germany. At that time, more than 5,000 people per month were being forcibly sterilized in Germany. Goethe bragged to a coworker:
""You will be interested to know that your work has played a powerful part in shaping the opinions of the group of intellectuals who are behind Hitler in this epoch-making program. Everywhere I sensed that their opinions have been tremendously stimulated by American thought . . . I want you, my dear friend, to carry this thought with you for the rest of your life, that you have really jolted into action a great government of 60 million people.""
Eugenics researcher Harry H. Laughlin often bragged that his Model Eugenic Sterilization laws had been put into action in Germany's Nuremberg Laws. In 1936, Laughlin was invited to an award ceremony at Heidelberg University in Germany. (The ceremony was scheduled on the anniversary of the day Hitler fired all Jews from the Heidelberg faculty two years earlier.) Laughlin was offered an honorary doctorate for his work on the "science of racial cleansing." Laughlin could not afford to attend, and had to pick his doctorate up from the Rockefeller Institute. Afterwards, he proudly shared the award with his co-workers, remarking that he felt that it showed the "common understanding of German and American scientists of the nature of eugenics."
Adolf Hitler read racial hygiene books while he was in Landsberg Prison. "Racial hygiene" was a set of ideas that said that only certain people should be allowed to have children. People who belonged to races that were seen as "inferior" would not be allowed to have children. This way, those races would eventually die out.