AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Unlike a disk-shaped spiral galaxy, Messier 87 has no distinctive dust lanes. It has an almost featureless, ellipsoidal shape. Luminosity diminishes with distance from the centre. At the core of this unusually large galaxy is an unusually large supermassive black hole. This is a strong source of radiation at many wavelengths, particularly radio waves. This black hole is the first and, to date, the only one for which astronomers have been able to make a direct image. A radio image taken by the Event Horizon Telescope in 2017 was published on 10 April 2019. The image shows the shadow of the black hole, surrounded by an emission ring with a diameter of .
A jet of energetic plasma known as a blazar is thrown out by the black hole at near the speed of light. It goes outward at least . In pictures taken by the Hubble Space Telescope in 1999, the motion of Messier 87's jet was measured at four to six times the speed of light. This motion is probably an optical illusion caused by the relativistic velocity of the jet.
The stars in this galaxy form about one sixth of Messier 87's mass. They are spread out symmetrically, but the density of stars decreases with distance from the core. The galactic envelope extends out to a radius of about , where it stops—possibly cut off by an encounter with another galaxy. Between the stars is a diffuse interstellar medium of gas that has been chemically enriched by elements emitted from evolved stars.
Orbiting the galaxy is a huge number of about 12,000 globular clusters, compared to 150200 globular clusters orbiting the Milky Way.
Messier 87 is one of the most massive giant elliptical galaxies near Earth, and one of the brightest radio sources in the sky,
It is a popular target for both amateur and professional astronomy study.
Eric Braeden
Eric Braeden (born Hans-Jörg Gudegast; April 3, 1941) is a German-American movie and television actor, best known for his role as Victor Newman on the soap opera "The Young and the Restless", as Hans Dietrich in the 1960s TV series "The Rat Patrol", and as John Jacob Astor IV in the 1997 film "Titanic". Braeden won a Daytime Emmy Award in 1998 for Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series for the role of Victor Newman.
Braeden was born in Bredenbek, Germany to German parents. Braeden was educated at the University of Montana. Braeden is married to Dale Russell Gudegast since 1966 and have two children together. Braeden currently lives in Los Angeles, California.
Jerry Stiller
Gerald Isaac "Jerry" Stiller (June 8, 1927 – May 11, 2020) was an American comedian and actor. He spent many years in the comedy team Stiller and Meara with his wife Anne Meara. Stiller and Meara are the parents of Ben Stiller (with whom he co-starred in the movies "Zoolander", "Heavyweights", "Hot Pursuit", and "The Heartbreak Kid") and Amy Stiller. He is best known for his recurring role as Frank Costanza in "Seinfeld" and his supporting role as Arthur Spooner in "The King of Queens".
Stiller was the oldest of four children, Stiller was born in Brooklyn, New York City, the son of Jewish parents, Bella (nee Citrin) and William Stiller, a bus driver. His paternal grandparents immigrated from Galicia, and his mother was born in Poland.
Stiller is married to Anne Meara since 1954 and have two children together, Ben Stiller and Amy Stiller.
Stiller lived in New York City, New York.
On May 11, 2020, Stiller died at his home in New York City, New York of natural causes at the age of 92.
Anne Meara
Anne Meara (born September 20, 1929 – May 23, 2015) was an American actress and comedian. She and Jerry Stiller were a 1960s comedy team, appearing as Stiller and Meara, and are the parents of actor/comedian Ben Stiller and actress Amy Stiller.
Meara was born in Brooklyn, New York. She is the daughter of Irish immigrant parents, Mary (née Dempsey) and Edward Joseph Meara, a lawyer. Meara was raised in Roman Catholicism, and converted to Reform Judaism six years after marrying Stiller.
Meara died on May 23, 2015 at the age of 85 of natural causes.
Deniece Williams
Amy Stiller
Amy Stiller (born August 9, 1961) is an American actress, stand-up comedian and Bikram Yoga instructor.
She was born in New York, New York. She is the daughter of the Jewish-American comedians Jerry Stiller and Anne Meara, and the older sister of actor Ben Stiller. She graduated from the United Nations International School, in New York City, in 1979.
Bert Sugar
Bert Randolph Sugar (June 7, 1937 – March 25, 2012) was a boxing writer and sports historian.
Sugar also appeared in several movies playing himself, including "Night and the City", "The Great White Hype" and "Rocky Balboa". Interviews with Sugar feature in "Unforgivable Blackness: The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson". Sugar had been referred to as "Runyonesque" (in reference to Damon Runyon) by Bob Costas, and "one of the foremost historians alive," by the "Boston Globe". Along with Lou Albano, he helped write "The Complete Idiot's Guide to Pro Wrestling." He wrote a regular sports column for "Smoke Magazine".
A cigar-smoker most of his life, Sugar died from cardiac arrest on March 25, 2012. His family was at his bedside in Northern Westchester Medical Center in Mount Kisco, New York. He had spent his remaining years battling lung cancer.
Thomas Kenneth "Ken" Mattingly II (born March 17, 1936) is a former NASA astronaut and a Rear Admiral in the United States Navy. He was one of the Apollo program astronauts, acting as support crew for Apollo 8 and Apollo 11. He also was the astronaut who helped with the development of the Apollo spacesuit and backpack. Mattingly should have been on Apollo 13, but he was removed from the crew a few days before the launch because he had been in contact with German measles. He was the Apollo Command Module pilot for Apollo 16 (April 16-27, 1972), which meant he stayed in orbit around the Moon while John Young and Charles Duke landed on the surface. During this time he performed 26 scientific experiments. He spent 3 days, 9 hours and 28 minutes by himself, the longest solo US space flight. On the return from the Moon, Mattingly completed a 1 hour, 13 minute, spacewalk.
After the Apollo missions, Mattingly become a Space Shuttle astronaut and flew two missions. The first was STS-4, from June 26 to July 4, 1982. This was the fourth and final orbital test flight for the Space Shuttle Columbia and Mattingly was the mission commander. STS-4 did 112 orbits of the Earth. His second mission was STS-51C in January 1985 in the Space Shuttle Discovery. Mattingly was again the mission commander for this short trip which launched equipment for the Department of Defense.
Mattingly was born in Chicago, Illinois. Educated in Florida, he completed a degree in aeronautical engineering at Auburn University. He joined the navy in 1958 and trained as a pilot. In 1966 he was chosen for the Apollo program. He spent 504 hours in space, and retired from NASA in 1985.
Katarina Witt (born 3 December 1965) is a retired German figure skater. She won gold medals at the 1984 and 1988 Winter Olympics and competed in the 1994 Winter Olympics. She also won four World Championships and six European Championships. In 1995, Witt became a member of the World Figure Skating Hall of Fame.
Witt was born in East Germany and began skating at the age of five. She went to a special school for athletic children, where she met her coach, Jutta Muller. Witt won the European Championships for the first time in 1983. She won the gold medal in the 1984 Winter Olympics, and also won the World Championships later that year. At the 1988 Winter Olympics, Witt and her rival, Debi Thomas, both performed to Bizet's music from the opera "Carmen." Their competition for first place was called the "Battle of the Carmens." Witt won gold, and her artistic performance became famous. Witt competed in the 1994 Winter Olympics and finished seventh. Afterwards, she retired from competition.
Tony Martin (born Alvin Morris, December 25, 1913 – July 27, 2012) was an American actor and singer who was married to performer Cyd Charisse for 60 years.
Martin was born as Alvin Morris in San Francisco, California, the son of Hattie (née Smith) and Edward Clarence Morris.
In movies, he was first cast in a number of bit parts, including a role as a sailor in the movie "Follow the Fleet" (1936), starring Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers. He eventually signed with 20th Century-Fox and then Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in which he starred in a number of musicals. Between 1938 and 1942, he made a number of hit records for Decca Records. Martin was featured in the 1941 Marx Brothers film "The Big Store", in which he played a singer and performed the now infamous (at least with Marx Brothers fans) "Tenement Symphony", which was written by Hal Borne, who became his long-time musical director.
In 1937 he married Alice Faye, with whom he had starred in several films. They divorced in 1941. Martin remarried, to actress and dancer Cyd Charisse in 1948. They remained married until her death in 2008. They had one son together, Tony Martin, Jr. (August 28, 1950 – April 10, 2011), who predeceased his father. Martin adopted Charisse's son, Nicky, from her first marriage
Martin died on the evening of July 27, 2012, of natural causes. He was 98.
Zack Snyder
Zachary Edward "Zack" Snyder (born March 1, 1966) is an American actor, director, screenwriter, and producer, best known for action/science fiction movies.
After making his career debut with the 2004 remake "Dawn of the Dead", he gained wide recognition with the 2007 box office hit "300", adapted from writer-artist Frank Miller's Dark Horse Comics miniseries of 300, and later went on to direct the 2009 superhero film "Watchmen", an adaptation of the Watchmen a comic book of the same name. He is the co-founder of Cruel and Unusual Films, a production company he established in 2004, alongside his wife Deborah Snyder and producing partner Wesley Coller.
His first family film was the 2010 animated family adventure film "Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole", based on the first three books of the series by Kathryn Lasky. He directed "Sucker Punch".
In recent years, he directed"Man of Steel", "" and "Justice League". After Joss Whedon replaced him in "Justice League", fans petitioned Warner Bros. to release Snyder's version of the movie. In May 2020, his version, titled "Zack Snyder's Justice League", will be released in 2021.
Snyder was born on March 1, 1966 in Green Bay, Wisconsin. He has been married to Deborah Snyder since 2004.
In March 2017, Snyder's daughter committed suicide, forcing Snyder to drop out from the "Justice League" production.
Janine Turner
Janine Turner (born Janine Loraine Gauntt; December 6, 1962) is an American movie and television actress. She starred in the television drama "Northern Exposure" (which started in 1990 and ended in 1995) and in the movies "Steel Magnolias" and "Cliffhanger". She was born in Lincoln, Nebraska.
Deborah Snyder
Deborah Snyder (née Johnson) is an American producer of movies and television commercials. She is married to moviemaker Zack Snyder. She has often worked with him on movies such as "Watchmen" and "300". She is the co-founder of the production company Cruel and Unusual Films.
Snyder is currently married to moviemaker Zack Snyder. They met in 1996. They married on September 25, 2004. The wedding was at St. Bartholomew's Episcopal Church in Manhattan, New York. They currently live in Pasadena, California.
Diane Lane
Diane Lane (born January 22, 1965) is an American movie actress.
Born and raised in New York City, New York. Lane made her career debut at the age of 13 in George Roy Hill's 1979 movie "A Little Romance", starring opposite Sir Laurence Olivier. Soon after, she was featured on the cover of "Time" magazine. She has since appeared in several notable movie, including the 2002 movie "Unfaithful", which earned her Academy Award, Golden Globes and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations. She appeared in Zack Snyder's movie "Man of Steel".
She played Hillary Rodham Clinton in the 2013 NBC four-hour miniseries "Hillary".
Lane has been married to actor Josh Brolin since 2004. She filed for divorced in February 2013. She was previously married to actor Christopher Lambert from 1988 to 1994.
Richard Lynch
Richard Hugh Lynch (February 12, 1940 – June 19, 2012) was an Irish-American actor best known for playing villains in movies and television. He often appeared in science fiction productions, including "Battlestar Galactica" (as Wolfe) and its sequel series "Galactica 1980" (as Commander Xaviar). He also appeared in such shows as "Starsky and Hutch", "T. J. Hooker", "The A-Team", "Charmed" and "".
Richard Lynch was born on February 12, 1940 in Brooklyn, New York City to Irish Catholic parents. His younger brother is actor Barry Lynch. Lynch served in the United States Marine Corps.Lynch was trained at The Actors Studio and at the HB Studios.
In while acting, Lynch was also a musician and played the saxophone, guitar, piano, and flute. He also enjoyed fishing, poetry, and architecture. He held Republic of Ireland citizenship through his Irish born parents and was a frequent visitor to Ireland. With Barry, the two brothers starred together in the films "Nightforce" and "Total Force". Lynch's wife Lily starred with him in the film "Breaking the Silence" (1998) and son Christopher Lynch starred with him in the science fiction film "Trancers II".
Through the years, Lynch worked with old friend and colleague Don Calfa in the films "Necronomicon" (1993), "Toughguy" (1995), "Corpses Are Forever" (2003), and "Lewisburg" (2009).
Lynch had married twice — once to Béatrix Lynch (their son Christopher died in 2005 from pneumonia), and later to Lily Lynch. His body was found in his home in Yucca Valley, California on June 19, 2012. It is not known if Lynch died on June 18 or 19. After not having heard from Lynch for several days, friend and actress Carol Vogel went to his home to find the door open and his body in his kitchen. She then called 9-1-1 He was survived by his brother Barry and sisters Carole Taylor and Cathy Jones. News reports following his death incorrectly identified his birth year as 1936, but the LA Times obituary published by his family correctly listed the year as 1940.
Jenna von Oy
Jenna von Oÿ (born May 2, 1977) is an American country music singer-songwriter and actress. She is best known for her acting in the sitcom "Blossom". She has acted in other television series as well as in movies. Von Oÿ was born in Danbury, Connecticut.
Barry Lynch
Allison Janney
Allison Janney (born November 1959 near Dayton, Ohio) is an Emmy Award American movie, television and voice actress. She is best known for her roles in the television drama "The West Wing" for which she received several Emmy Awards. She starred in the 1999 Oscar winning movies "American Beauty" and "Juno" as well as many other movies.
In 2017, Janney starred as LaVona Fay Golden in the black comedy "I, Tonya". She won an Academy Award, BAFTA Award, Screen Actors Guild Award, Satellite Award and a Golden Globe Award for her role as Golden in 2018.
Robert Culp
Robert Martin Culp (August 16, 1930 – March 24, 2010) was an American actor, scriptwriter, voice actor and director.
Culp was born in Oakland, California, and graduated from Berkeley High School, where he was a pole vaulter, taking second place at the 1947 CIF California State Meet. He attended the University of the Pacific, Washington University in St. Louis, San Francisco State University, and the University of Washington School of Drama, but never completed an academic degree.
Culp is widely known for his work in television. Culp first earned an international reputation for his role as Kelly Robinson on "I Spy" (1965–1968), the espionage series in which he and co-star Bill Cosby played a pair of secret agents. The 1980's brought him back to TV again, starring as FBI Agent Bill Maxwell on "The Greatest American Hero". He also had a recurring role as Warren Whelan on "Everybody Loves Raymond". In all, Culp gave hundreds of performances in a career spanning more than 50 years.
Culp married five times and was the father of three sons, Joshua (1958), Jason (1961) and Joseph (1963), and two daughters, Rachel (1964) and Samantha (1982). From 1967 to 1970, he was married to Eurasian actress France Nuyen, whom he had met when she guest-starred on "I Spy". She appeared in four episodes, two of them written by Culp himself.
Culp wrote scripts for a total of seven episodes, one of which he also directed. He also wrote scripts for other television series, including "Trackdown", "The Rifleman" and "The Greatest American Hero".
Culp died on March 24, 2010 while suffering a heart attack while taking a walk in Los Angeles, California. Culp's remains were buried in the Sunset View Cemetery in El Cerrito, California, located not far from his hometown of Oakland.
Lee Wallace
Lee Wallace (born Leo Melis, July 15, 1930 – December 20, 2020) was an American movie, stage, radio and television actor. Wallace only had movie roles in; "Used People" (1992), "Batman" (1989) as Gotham City's mayor William Borg, "Private Benjamin" (1980) as Mr. Waxman, and as the Mayor of New York City in "The Taking of Pelham One Two Three" (1974), "The Muppets Take Manhattan" as the Mayor of New York City. On Broadway, he appeared in "A Teaspoon Every Four Hours", "Unlikely Heroes", "The Secret Affairs of Mildred Wild", "Molly", "Zalmen or The Madness of God", "Some of My Best Friends", "Grind" and "The Cemetery Club".
Wallace was born in Brooklyn, New York on July 15, 1930 to Celia (née Gross) and Eddie Melis. Wallace died on December 20, 2020 at his New York City home after a long-illness, aged 90.
IC 1101
IC 1101 is the largest known galaxy. It is a supergiant elliptical galaxy at the center of the Abell 2029 galaxy cluster. It, along with its cluster is 1.07 billion light years away in the constellation of Virgo.
The galaxy has a diameter of about 4 or 6 million light years, which makes it the largest known galaxy in terms of breadth and size. It is the central galaxy of a huge galaxy cluster called Abell 2029 which has a mass (mostly dark matter) of roughly 100 trillion stars. IC 1101 Is also known as A2029-BCG, as it is the brightest member of the aforementioned cluster Abell 2029 . IC 1101 is more than 50 times the size of the Milky Way and 100 times as massive. If it were in place of our galaxy, it would swallow up the Milky Way, Large Magellanic Cloud, Small Magellanic Cloud, Andromeda Galaxy, and the Triangulum Galaxy, and even most of the Local Group. IC 1101 owes its size to many collisions of much smaller galaxies about the size of the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies. It has steadily grown to this size due to these collisions. It also has the largest core of any galaxy, at a core diameter of around 13,000 LY, bigger than the previous largest core of any galaxy which is at 10,000 LY, in the elliptical galaxy A2261-BCG .
Vostok 2
Vostok 2 (, "Orient 2" or "East 2") was a Soviet space mission. It carried cosmonaut Gherman Titov into orbit for a full day to study the effects of a long period of weightlessness on the human body. Titov orbited the earth over 17 times. Yuri Gagarin in Vostok 1 had only done one orbit.
The flight was an almost complete success. Problems included not turning on a heater which meant the temperature dropped to , a period of space sickness, and problems on re-entry when the reentry module failed to separate cleanly from its service module.
Titov took manual control of the spacecraft for a short while. The Soviets admitted that Titov did not land with his spacecraft. Titov said he ejected from his capsule to test another landing system. It is now known that all Vostok program landings were done this way.
As of 2012, Titov is the youngest person to reach space. He was 25 years old at launch.
Thérèse of Lisieux
Saint Thérèse of Lisieux (1873 - 1897) (aka. St Therese of the Child Jesus/ Sainte Thérèse de Lisieux) is Doctor of the Catholic church, which means that her life and writings are considered particularly important for Catholics. She is also called the Little Flower of Jesus. She lived in France as a nun, and died at 24 from tuberculosis. Mother Teresa chose her name in honor of her.
Delphinus
Delphinus is a genus of dolphin, commonly known as the "Common Dolphin". There are two species in this genus, the Short-beaked Common Dolphin ("Delphinus delphis"), and the Long-beaked Common Dolphin ("Delphinus capensis"). But some studies say that there is a third species, the "Arabian Common Dolphin" ("Delphinus tropicalis"), which has a long, thin beak and is found in the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea.
Both, the Short-beaked Common Dolphin and the Long-beaked Common Dolphin are medium-sized dolphins. Adults grow between the lengths of 1.9 to 2.5 meters (6.2 to 8.2 ft), and weigh around 80 to 235 kg (180 to 520 lb). Males are longer and heavier than females. They are dark grey on the back, the belly is white, and the sides are light grey, gold, or yellow in color.
Common Dolphins live in both, warm temperate and tropical waters from 40°N to 50°S. They eat many species of fish like sardines, herrings, and bonitos, octopuses and squids. They are fast swimmers, swimming up to the speed of 60 km per hour. They have made dives up to 200 meters (660 ft) deep.
Common Dolphins are pregnant for around 10 to 11 months before giving birth to young which are 70 to 100 centimeters (2.3 to 3.3 ft) long, and weigh around 10 kg (22 Ib). They give birth to 1 young at a time. Females mature between the age of 2 and 7 years old and males mature between the age of 3 and 12 years old. They live for around 35-40 years.
At first it was thought that there was only one species of the Delphinus genus, the Short-beaked Common Dolphin ("Delphinus Delphis"). But later, studies showed that there was another species, the Long-beaked Common Dolphin ("Delphinus Capensis"). The difference between the Short-beaked Common Dolphin and the Long-beaked Common Dolphin, is that the Short-beaked Common Dolphin is smaller in size and has a smaller beak than the Long-beaked Common Dolphin. Now scientist say there is a third species, the Arabian Common Dolphin ("Delphinus Tropicalis") which has a long, thin beak and lives in the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean, but it is not confirmed.
Elizabeth Berkley
Elizabeth Berkley (July 28, 1972, in Farmington Hills, Michigan) is an American movie and television actress. She is best known for her role in "Saved by the Bell". She also acted in the 1995 erotic drama "Showgirls". Most of her movies are independent movies.
Cartwheel galaxy
The Cartwheel galaxy (also known as "ESO 350-40") is a lenticular galaxy about 500 million light-years away in the constellation Sculptor.
It is about 150,000 light years across, slightly larger than the Milky Way. It has a mass of about solar masses, and rotates at .
It was discovered by Fritz Zwicky in 1941. Zwicky said his discovery was "one of the most complicated structures awaiting its explanation on the basis of stellar dynamics".
The Cartwheel galaxy shows radio and optical spokes, but they are not the same spokes.
The galaxy was a normal spiral galaxy before it had a collision with a smaller galaxy about 200 million years ago. When the nearby galaxy passed through the Cartwheel Galaxy, the power of the collision sent a strong shock wave through the galaxy. Moving at high speed, the shock wave moved gas and dust. This made a starburst around the galaxy's center. This explains the blue colored ring around the center, bright section. It can be seen that the galaxy is beginning to take the shape of a normal spiral galaxy again, as spiral arms (The spokes) are spreading out from a central core.
There are other possible explanations of the ring-like appearance.
Messier 49
Messier 49 (also known as "NGC 4472") is an elliptical galaxy about away in the constellation of Virgo. This galaxy was discovered by French astronomer Charles Messier in 1771. Messier 49 is 4.1° west-southwest of the star Epsilon Virginis.
Messier 49 was the first member of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies to be discovered. It is the most luminous member of that cluster and is brighter than any galaxy closer to the Earth. This galaxy is part of the smaller Virgo B subcluster 4.5° away from the dynamic center of the Virgo Cluster, which is centered on Messier 87. Messier 49 is gravitationally interacting with the dwarf irregular galaxy UGC 7636.
Messier 49 has the radio emission of a normal galaxy. However, the core of the galaxy is emitting X-rays, which suggests the presence of a supermassive black hole of , or 565 million times the mass of the Sun. To the southwest of the core, the luminous outline of the galaxy can be traced out to a distance of 260 thousand parsecs. The only supernova event observed within this galaxy is SN 1969Q, discovered in June 1969.
This galaxy has a large collection of globular clusters, estimated at about 5,900. However, this count is far exceeded by the 13,450 globular clusters orbiting the supergiant elliptical galaxy Messier 87. On average, the globular clusters of M 49 are about 10 billion years old. Between 2000–2009, strong evidence for a stellar mass black hole was discovered in an M 49 cluster. A second candidate was announced in 2011.
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
, also known as NAOJ, is a Japanese astronomy research organization. NAOJ has several facilities in Japan; and it has an observatory on Mauna Kea in Hawaii.
NAOJ was established in 1988. Three institutions merged. They were the
In 2004, NAOJ became part of the National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS). NINS was created to promote collaboration among researchers of the five constituent institutes. NAOJ merged with four other national institutes. They were
Short-beaked common dolphin
The short-beaked common dolphin ("Delphinus delphis") is one of the two species of the genus, Delphinus. It is found in warm temperate and tropical waters of the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. It is also found in the Caribbean and the Mediterranean Sea.
The short-beaked common dolphin is a medium-sized dolphin, but is smaller than the other species of the genus Delphinus, the long-beaked common dolphin. Adults grow between the lengths of 1.6 to 2 meters (5.2 to 6.6 ft), and weigh between 70 and 235 kg (150 to 520 Ib). Short-beaked common dolphins are said to be heavier than the Long-beaked common dolphin. The back of the short-beaked common dolphin is dark grey, the belly is white, and the sides are light grey, gold or yellow.
Short-beaked common dolphins eat fish like cod, herrings, sardines, and flying fish. They also eat octopuses, squids, cuttlefish, and crustaceans.
Female short-beaked common dolphins are pregnant for around 10 to 11 months before giving birth to young which are 70 to 100 cm (2.3 to 3.3 ft) long, and weigh about 10 kg (22 Ib). Males mature at the age of between 3 and 12 years old, and females mature at the age of between 2 and 7 years old. They live for around 35 years, but some live for only 22 years.
The short-beaked common dolphin was first thought to be the only species of the genus, Delphinus. But soon, studies show that there is another species, the long-beaked common dolphin ("Delphinus capensis"). The difference between the short-beaked common dolphin and the long-beaked common dolphin is that the short-beaked common dolphin is smaller in size and has a smaller beak than the long-beaked common dolphin.
Cheryl Tiegs
Cheryl Rae Tiegs (born September 25 1947 in Breckenridge, Minnesota) is an American fashion model and actress. She is best known for her modeling for the "Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue". Tiegs has been on the cover of the "SI" Swimsuit Issue three times. She has also been on the covers of many other magazines. These include "Vogue", "Glamour", "Harper's" and "Time". Tiegs performed as herself in the sitcom "Just Shoot Me".
From 1970 to 1979, she was married to movie director Stan Dragoti.
Patrika Darbo
Messier 84
Messier 84 (also known as "NGC 4374") is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation of Virgo. M84 is in the heavily populated inner core of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies.
Radio observations and Hubble Space Telescope images of M84 have revealed two jets of matter shooting out from the galaxy's centre, as well as a disk of rapidly rotating gas and stars. This suggests there is a supermassive black hole at the centre of the galaxy. Its mass is 1.5 M, that is gravitation amounting to 15 billion solar masses.
Charles Messier discovered Messier 84 in 1781 when he searched for "nebulous objects" in the night sky. The object is the 84th in the Messier Catalogue.
Two supernovae have been observed in M84: SN 1957
and SN 1991bg.
Possibly, a third, SN 1980I is part of M84 or, alternatively, one of its neighboring galaxies, NGC 4387 and M86.
Ricardo Montalbán
Ricardo Montalbán (Ricardo Gonzalo Pedro Montalbán y Merino, November 25, 1920 – January 14, 2009) was a Mexican radio, television, theatre and movie actor. He had a career seven decades long (motion pictures from 1943 to 2006) and many notable roles.
During the mid-1970s, Montalbán was the spokesman in tv automobile advertisements for the Chrysler Cordoba, in which he praised the "soft Corinthian leather" used for its interior. He also advertised the Chrysler New Yorker.
From 1977 to 1984, he was famous as Mr. Roarke the main star in the television series "Fantasy Island". He played Khan Noonien Singh in the 1967 episode "Space Seed" of the first season of the , and the 1982 film "".
He won an Emmy Award in 1978 for his role in the miniseries "How the West Was Won" and a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Screen Actors Guild in 1993. Into his 80s, he continued to perform, often providing voices for animated films and commercials, and appearing in several "Spy Kids" films as "Grandfather Valentin".
Montalbán was born in Mexico City, Mexico on November 25, 1920. He grew up in the city of Torreón, the son of Spanish immigrants Ricarda Merino and Jenaro Montalbán, a store manager. He was married to Georgiana Belzer from 1944 until her death in 2007. They had four children.
Montalbán died from heart failure in his Los Angeles, California home on January 14, 2009, aged 88.
Subaru Telescope
The telescope is named after the Pleiades star cluster.
In September 1999, former-Princess Sayako of Japan dedicated the telescope. For the dedication, an eyepiece was constructed so that Princess Sayako could look through it directly.
Kepler-22b
Kepler-22b is an extrasolar planet orbiting (going around) G-type star Kepler-22. It is located about 600 light years away from Earth in the constellation Cygnus. It was found by NASA's Kepler Space Telescope. It is also the first known planet to orbit within the habitable zone of a Sun-like star.
Kepler-22b's first transit in front of its host sun was observed on Kepler's third day of scientific operations in mid-2009. Kepler-22b's third transit was detected in late 2010. The Spitzer Space Telescope provided more data that confirmed Kepler-22b's transits. On December 5, 2011, the confirmation of the existence of Kepler-22b was announced.
Kepler-22b's radius is roughly 2.4 times the radius of Earth. Its mass and surface composition remain unknown, with only some very rough estimates established: It has less than 124 Earth masses at the 3 sigma confidence limit, and less than 36 Earth masses at 1 sigma confidence.
It is thought that the object has a mass similar to that of Neptune (~35 Earth masses). Another possibility is that Kepler-22b is an "ocean-like" world. It might also be comparable to the water-rich planet GJ 1214 b although Kepler-22b, unlike GJ 1214 b, is in the habitable zone. If it has an Earth-like composition, the compression of material in the interior of the planet would give an overall mass greater than 40 Earth masses. Such a planet would also produce surface gravity greater than 7 times that on Earth. This is ruled out to at least 1-sigma uncertainty by radial velocity measurements of the system, suggesting Kepler-22b does not have Earth-like composition. It is likely to have a more volatile-rich composition with a liquid or gaseous outer shell; this would make it similar to Kepler-11f, the smallest known gas planet.
"If it is mostly ocean with a small rocky core," Natalie Batalha, one of the scientists on the project, speculated "it's not beyond the realm of possibility that life could exist in such an ocean." This possibility of life has spurred SETI to perform research on top candidates for extraterrestrial intelligence. However, if the planet's carbon cycle has ceased due to lack of oceans and plate tectonics, Kepler-22b may turn out to be a searing, sterile super-Venus.
The only parameters of the planet's orbit that are currently available are its period, which is about , and its inclination which is approximately 90°, so that it transits the disk of its star as seen from Earth.
No information is available about the shape of the planet's orbit. Many extrasolar planets are known to move in highly elliptical orbits. We only know that the semi-major axis of its orbit is within its host star's habitable zone. If Kepler-22b has a highly elongated orbit it may well only spend a small fraction of its time within this habitable zone, which would cause extreme temperature differences on the planet and make it inhospitable.
In order to obtain information about the shape of the planet's orbit, other methods of planetary detection, such as the radial velocity method, need to be used. While such methods have been performed on the planet after its discovery, they have not yet detected what the orbital eccentricity of the planet actually is, and have as of March 2012 only set an upper limit on the mass of the planet.
The average distance from Kepler-22b to its host star Kepler-22 is about 15% less than the distance from Earth to the Sun but the luminosity (light output) of Kepler-22 is about 25% less than that of the Sun. This combination of a shorter average distance from the star and a lower stellar luminosity are consistent with a moderate surface temperature at that distance if we assume that the surface is not subject to extreme greenhouse heating.
If the planet is found to move in a highly elliptical orbit, its surface temperature will vary from a higher temperature when close to Kepler-22 to lower when further away. If the orbit is indeed highly elliptical, then the temperature variance range will be extreme.
Scientists can estimate the possible surface conditions as follows:
Western scrub jay
Jill Ireland
Cynthia Nixon
Cynthia Ellen Nixon (born April 9, 1966) is an American actress, activist and politician. She is most well known role comes from playing Miranda Hobbes in the HBO series "Sex and the City" (1998-2004). She has had other movie and TV starring acts as well. In 2016, she played Nancy Reagan in the television movie "Killing Reagan".
On March 19, 2018, she announced via Twitter that she was running for Governor of New York.
Vostok (rocket)
The Vostok rocket was developed by the Soviet Union to as their main launch vehicle for space flights. It was based on the R-7, an ICBM designed by Sergei Korolev and first launched in 1957. An R-7 rocket was used to carry Sputnik 1 into space on October 4, 1957. It was a single rocket with 4 booster engines attached to the sides, which acted like a multi stage rocket. The Vostok was an R-7 with an extra upper stage rocket, called Blok-E. This upper stage would fire as the lower stages ran out of fuel (a mix of kerosene and liquid oxygen.
The Vostok was the first rocket with enough power to reach a solar orbit, with Lunar 1, launched on January 2, 1959. Luna 2 was the first rocket to reach the Moon, launched September 14, 1959. Luna 3, launched October 4, 1959, was able to take photographs of the far side of the Moon.
A Vostok rocket carried the Vostok 1 spacecraft, carrying Yuri Gagarin, the first person to go into space on April 12, 1961. Vostok 6 carried Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman in space on June 16, 1963.
Robin Wright
Robin Gayle Wright (born April 8, 1966 in Dallas, Texas) is an American actress. Her roles include starring as Jenny in the Academy Award winning movie "Forrest Gump". She played in many other movies and television series. Wright was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for her acting in the soap opera "Santa Barbara".
Wright was married to actor Sean Penn from 1998 until 2010. They have 2 children.
Australian Aboriginal astronomy
Australian Aborigines were some of the first people in the world to develop ideas with astronomy. It is possible that their interpretation of astronomy is the oldest still alive today. Studying astronomical subjects – such as the Sun, Moon, stars and planets – and the way they appeared to move was used as a way to find and explain the relationship between people, nature and the sky. The ideas that came from this contributed to their basic perception of the universe (their cosmology), and still form an important part of traditional culture and knowledge. Many legends, art forms, music and ceremonies originate from interpretations of astronomical phenomena and objects in the sky. Many Aboriginal groups give spiritual or mythological meanings to these things. Some groups used their knowledge of the movement of objects across the sky to develop practical tools like calendars.
Old Australian Aboriginal culture is an oral tradition, so knowledge of astronomy has been passed down through stories, song and dance. A lot of knowledge is kept secret, only passed to those who have been initiated. As in all aspects of Aboriginal society, some things are only known to men, other things are only known to women. The earliest written account of Aboriginal astronomy was published in 1857. It was written by Edward Stanbridge, an Englishman who became friends with the Boorong people of Victoria.
Astronomy is a huge part of Aboriginal people's social, cultural and religious knowledge. It has little relation to the scientific theory of Western thinking. There are many different Aboriginal groups in Australia, and each interpret the sky in different ways. The interpretations all developed along the same lines and share the same basic themes, but can be very different in meaning. Most objects and phenomena are interpreted as figures or events in the Dreaming. Unlike in other ancient cultures, these legends and beliefs are still part of modern life for Australian Aborigines.
In most Aboriginal cultures, the Sun is regarded as a woman, and the Moon is a man. Tradition in Arnhem Land says that each morning, the Sun wakes up and lights a fire at her camp in the east. She then gets up and carries a torch across the sky from east to west, creating daylight. The Yolngu call her Walu, and believe that at sunrise and sunset her ochre body paint is brushed onto the clouds. At night, she is said to travel under ground back to her camp in the east. Similar stories are used to explain the phases of the Moon. For example, the Kuwema people say that at each full moon, he grows fat by eating the spirits of those who disobey tribal law. Some coastal peoples, such as the Yolngu, clearly saw the connection between the Moon and the tides. In other groups, the Moon is linked with fertility due to the similar pattern of the lunar cycle and the female menstrual cycle.
Solar and lunar eclipses were widely explained as the male Moon and female Sun mating with or marrying each other. Several astronomers note that these explanations show Aborigines understood that eclipses are caused by the paths of the Sun and Moon crossing each other. Norris (2009) argues that early Aborigines must have had a very good understanding of this in order to identify a lunar eclipse as being caused by the alignment of the Sun and Moon (since the Sun does not actually appear in the sky).
In his study of the central desert peoples, anthropologist Charles P. Mountford wrote that most, if not all, of the stars seen in the southern hemisphere had Aboriginal myths associated with them. Most groups distinguish red, white, blue and yellow stars. Stars are often grouped together in unique ways – some groups classify stars using social kinship systems. So many of the constellations known to Aboriginal groups are different to those known to Western astronomers.
The broad band of the Milky Way that runs across the sky at night is commonly interpreted by Aboriginal groups as a legendary river. Several groups in the central desert believe the river divides two tribes of ancestor spirits who live on either side. To some groups, the stars along the river represent fish; other groups, such as the Yolngu, believe the stars are the campfires of their ancestors. Other groups identfy the Milky Way as the Rainbow Serpent, a major creator being.
The Emu is a constellation known to many Aboriginal groups in Australia. It is not a constellation in the usual sense, because it is defined by areas of dark shadow between the bands of the Milky Way (caused by dust and gas clouds in space), rather than by stars. The emu's head is the very dark Coalsack nebula, next to the Southern Cross. The body and legs are other dark clouds trailing out along the Milky Way and across the Scorpius constellation.
This shape in the sky is said to have influenced the style of the emus drawn on rock art. Where it appeared in the sky during the course of the year indicated when ceremonies should be held. Just north of Sydney is a well-known set of rock engravings, one of which is an emu in the same pose and orientation as the emu in the sky. In autumn, the emu in the sky will stand directly over her portrait on the rock, indicating to the Kuring-gai people that it is time to gather emu eggs.
At the head of the emu, the Southern Cross is easily spotted in the sky, and there are many different interpretations of this constellation across Australia. Several groups identify it as an eagle, a sky god, or both. For the Arrernte, it represents the foot of Waluwara, an eagle spirit – the four bright stars mark his talons, and the Coalsack is his nest. To the Ngarrindjeri of South Australia, the Southern Cross is a stingray being chased by two sharks. The sharks, which is a sacred totem to the Ngarrindjeri, are represented by Alpha Centauri and Beta Centauri. In Victoria, the Boorong people identified the Southern Cross as the possum Bunya hiding from an emu spirit whose outline could be seen in the Coalsack nebula. To the Wardaman, the Coalsack is the head of a "law man". In 1972, the poet Oodgeroo Noonuccal wrote of the Southern Cross as the hands and feet of a wise leader named Mirabooka, who was given eternal life as a spirit in the sky.
Aboriginal interpretations of the constellations Orion and Pleiades are very similar to the stories about them in Greek mythology. The stars of Orion are widely associated with young men – usually fishermen or hunters – while the seven stars of Pleiades are usually seen as young women. The two constellations often appear in legend together, and are part of the Dreamings of several language groups.
In the central desert region, the Pleiades are said to be seven sisters running away from the unwelcome attentions of a man represented by some of the stars in Orion. In Pitjantjatjara legend, the Pleiades represent the Kungkarungkara, a group of seven ancestral sisters. They are guarded by a pack of dingos from Njiru, the hunter, who is the stars in Orion's Belt. Njiru is said to have raped one of the sisters, who then died and became the darkest of the Pleiades stars. The sisters transformed into birds and fled to safety in the sky, but Njiru still chases after them. Other legends are less harsh: the Adnyamathanha, for example, believe the Pleiades are the wives of the stars in Orion. Tiwi people see them as a group of kangaroos being chased by a pack of dingos.
The similarity between these legends and the Orion and Pleiades of Greek mythology is believed to be a coincidence (by chance) – there is no proof of any cultural connection.
Yolngu people see the constellation of Orion as a canoe. They tell the story of three brothers who went fishing, and one of them ate a fish that was forbidden under their law. Seeing this, the Sun blew the three brothers and their canoe up into the sky. The three stars in the constellation's centre, which form Orion's Belt in Western mythology, are the three brothers. The Orion Nebula above them is the forbidden fish, and the bright stars Betelgeuse and Rigel are the front and back of the canoe. In this example, the astronomical legend has a clear message about a moral that people would follow on Earth. Aboriginal myths such as these are often focused around moral lessons, such as reminders of whether it is alright to eat certain types of food.
Tagai is a large constellation made up of Scorpius, Lupus, Centaurus, Crux, Corvus, with part of Hydra and one of the stars of Ara. In the culture of the Torres Strait Islanders, Tagai is a legendary sea hero. He is depicted as a fisherman standing in a canoe. His crew is represented by the six stars of the Pleiades and six stars of Orion. In the legend, Tagai's crew eats all the food and water that had been prepared for their journey. Tagai punishes them by tying them together and throwing them into the ocean. The stars in the sky are said to be their reflection.
The islanders used this constellation to tell the seasons. This calendar organised their cycle of fishing and farming, as well as their rituals and social activities. The appearance of the Pleiades told them that it was turtle-mating season, time for travelling and to prepare for planting before the rainy season.
Unexpected new arrivals in the sky, such as comets and meteors, were widely associated as omens of death or bad spirits. Ngarrindjeri people of the central desert say that a meteor is an omen of deathly disease. Tiwi-speaking people in New South Wales and the Kuninjku in Arnhem Land both interpreted meteors as the eyes of evil spirit creatures running across the sky hunting for the souls of the sick and dying. The idea of comets and meteors bringing misfortune and death was also shared by many other cultures around the world.
Impact events are also described in Aboriginal legends, including in creation stories about particular landforms. An example is the Arrernte story about the creation of Gosse's Bluff, an impact crater said to be nearly 150 million years old. According to the Arrernte legend, this was created by a baby's cradle that fell from the sky world. The baby's mother and father are the evening and morning stars (Venus), still searching for their baby. Several other legends from across Australia tell about falling stars that bring fire to the earth.
Aborigines traditionally used the stars to navigate to where they wanted to go. This is still the case in the remote outback, where there might not be any other signs or landmarks. They also use the Sun, the Moon and the stars to tell the time. Aboriginal calendars are usually more complex than those from Western culture. Many groups in northern Australia use a calendar with six seasons, and know what season it is by what stars can be seen during that period. In 1857, an Englishman named William Edward Stanbridge published the first written account of Aboriginal astronomy. He wrote about the Boorong people of northern Victoria, and how they used astronomy to better understand seasons. They thought of the constellation Lyra as a malleefowl (which they called "Neilloan"). It disappears from the southern sky in October, and this event told the Boorong that the bird's egg-laying season had begun.
Other groups know that when Orion first appears in the sky, dingo puppies are about to be born. When Scorpius appears, the Yolngu know that the Macassan fisherman would soon arrive to fish for sea cucumber and bring goods to trade. For the Pitjantjatjara, the rising of the Pleiades at dawn (in May) marks the start of the cool season, when some animals in the desert go into hibernation.
Elizabeth McGovern
Elizabeth McGovern (born July 18 1961 in Evanston, Illinois) is an American movie, television and stage actress. Her movies include "Johnny Handsome" (1989) and "Once Upon a Time in America" (1984). Most of her acting has been on stage or in television.
Ms. McGovern was also a member of the "Brat Pack", and unofficial group of young Hollywood actors who gained fame mainly in the 1980s.
Flag of Belize
The flag of Belize comes from the earlier flag of British Honduras. British Honduras is the name of Belize during the time the British ruled.