AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The pitch is surrounded by four all-seater bleachers: the Sir Bobby Robson Stand (North), the Cobbold Stand, the Sir Alf Ramsey Stand (formerly the South Stand) and the East of England Co-operative Stand Stand. The main section of Cobbold Stand, which used to be called the Portman Stand, was built in 1971. The East of England Co-operative Stand was built in 1952 as a concrete seating area. It was updated in 1990. The North Stand was completely rebuilt in 2001 and has a capacity of around 7,500.
The current groundsman, Alan Ferguson, has been given several awards. They include both Premiership and Championship Groundsman of the Year. The pitch was voted the best in the Championship for two consecutive seasons in 2004 and 2005.
The stadium is about from Ipswich railway station. The station is on the main line from London Liverpool Street to Norwich. The stadium has no parking facilities for supporters.
On 20 August 2003, Portman Road hosted its only senior England match. It was a friendly against Croatia, which finished 3–1 to England in front of 28,700 people. The stadium has been used by England youth teams several times. The first time was on 24 November 1971. The England U23 team drew 1–1 with Switzerland.
Other sports have been hosted at Portman Road, including athletics in 1927, an American football match in 1953, and several international hockey matches in the 1960s and 70s.
The stadium has also hosted several music concerts, including performances by Elton John, R.E.M., Red Hot Chili Peppers, and Rod Stewart. In March 2005, around 8,000 Christians went to the stadium. This was the largest act of Christian worship in Suffolk since American evangelist Billy Graham used Portman Road on part of his tour in 1984.
The most people to watch a football match at Portman Road is 38,010 for a match against Leeds United in the FA Cup sixth round on 8 March 1975. The record modern (all-seated) attendance is 30,152, set on 21 December 2003 against Norwich City in the Football League Championship. The largest ever crowd for a non-competitive game at the ground was 23,284 for Bobby Robson's testimonial match where Ipswich, including George Best, played against an England XI.
The highest seasonal average at the stadium since Ipswich turned professional was 26,431 in the 1976–77 season. The lowest average attendance at Portman Road was 8,741 in the club's first professional season, the 1936–37 season. The highest total seasonal attendance was in the 1980–81 season when the total was more than 814,000.
Portman Road hosted Ipswich Town's first appearance in European football competition when they defeated Floriana of Malta 10–0 in the European Cup in 1962. Since then, Ipswich Town remain undefeated at Portman Road in all European competitions. They have played a total of 31 matches over 40 years, a world record until it was beaten by AZ Alkmaar in December 2007.
Norwich City F.C.
Norwich City F.C. is an English football club based in Norwich, Norfolk. The club was started in 1902 and as of the 2018-19 season play in the Sky Bet Championship.
G-Man (Half-Life)
The G-Man is the mysterious character that constantly appears and interferes in the Valve Software games Half-Life, Half-Life 2, and .
As of yet it is not yet certain who the suit-wearing man is, although it is commonly agreed that he has a pivotal role to play in the upcoming . Avid followers of the series will know that he appears in almost every game level (see G-Man Locations), and lots of fan sites have been set up in his honor.
Many speculate that the G-Man is actually Gordon Freeman, the star of the games and who you play as.Queens Park Rangers F.C.
Queens Park Rangers Football Club is an English football club from London. Their players wear a blue and white hooped shirts for home games which they play at a ground called Loftus Road. The club are also known as QPR.
List of Bangkok universities
This is a list of colleges and universities in Bangkok, Thailand.
List of palaces in Bangkok
Bangkok, the capital city of Thailand, has many palaces:
List of sport venues in Bangkok
Bangkok, Thailand, is home to a number of stadiums and sport clubs:
Watford F.C.
Watford F.C. are an English football club who play in Watford, near London. They got relegated from Premier League in the 2019-20 season to EFL Championship.
They wear yellow and black shirts and black shorts when they play at their home ground, Vicarage Road. For away games they wear green shirts and shorts. The club was founded in 1881. Hayden Mullins is the current manager.
The club was at first called "Watford Rovers." It changed its name to "West Hertfordshire" in 1893, and "Watford F.C." in 1898. Watford won the Southern League in 1915 and joined the Football League in 1920. They stayed in the Football League's bottom division until 1960 when they were promoted to the Third Division as champions. Watford played in the Second Division for the first time in 1969 when Ken Furphy was the manager.
Watford are best known for what they did between 1977 and 1987. Singer Elton John bought the club and made Graham Taylor manager in 1977. The team won the Fourth Division in 1978. They then came 2nd in the Third Division in 1979, and 2nd in the Second Division in 1982. Finally, they came 2nd in the First Division in 1983, and Luther Blissett was the league's top scorer. Watford also got to the FA Cup final in 1984. John Barnes, Nigel Callaghan, Tony Coton and Ross Jenkins were among Watford's star players during the period.
Taylor left Watford in 1987 and Watford were relegated to the then Second Division the following year. In the last 30 years they have mostly played in the second tier of English football. However, they enjoyed two seasons in the Premier League under Taylor, in his second spell as manager (1999/2000), and Aidy Boothroyd (2006/07), before Slaviša Jokanović again led them to promotion in 2015 to begin their current spell in the top flight.
Sheffield United F.C.
Sheffield United F.C. is an English football club who play in Sheffield, Yorkshire, England. They play their home games at a stadium called Bramall Lane and have the nickname "Blades". Their nickname comes from Sheffield's reputation for producing steel.
Barnsley F.C.
Barnsley F.C. is an English football club who play in Barnsley, Yorkshire. The club was founded in 1887 and play its home games at a stadium called Oakwell.
Burnley F.C. are an English football club who play in Burnley, Lancashire. They were created in 1882 and play their home games at the Turf Moor stadium.
Burnley have been Football League Champions twice, in the 1920–21 season and 1959–60 season.
Azua Province
Azua is a Dominican province; it is in the southern part of the country, along the Caribbean coast. Its capital is Azua de Compostela.
After the Dominican independence from Haiti, Azua was one of the five original provinces of the country; all the southwestern part of the country was part of this province, including some regions that now are part of Haiti.
The province takes the name from its capital city, Azua de Compostela. "Azua" was the Taíno name of the region where the city was founded
Azua has the La Vega province to the northeast, the San José de Ocoa and Peravia provinces to the east, the Caribbean Sea to the south, the Barahona and Baoruco provinces to the west, and the San Juan province to the northwest.
There were people living in the region since a very long time, most of them along the coast. When the Spanish people came here, only Taínos were living here.
During colonial times, Azua de Compostela was one of the most important city of the Hispaniola island because there were several factories to produce sugar. Hernán Cortés, conquistador of Mexico, was one of the persons who lived here for some time.
After the independence in 1844, there were several important battles in this region between the Haitian and Dominican armies and Azua de Compostela was burned several times by the Haitian armies.
Padre Las Casas is a municipality of the province since 1942; later, other municipalities were created: Peralta in 1978; Las Charcas, Las Yayas de Viajama and Estebanía in 2001; Sabana Yegua and Pueblo Viejo in 2003; and Tábara Arriba and Guayabal in 2004.
In (last national census), there were people living in the Azua province, and 165,703 () living in towns and cities. The population density was persons/km².
, the total estimated propulation of the province is 219,856 inhabitants.
The largest city of the province is Azua de Compostela, its head municipality or capital, with an urban population (in ) of 59,319 inhabitants.
The Azua province has a total area of . It has of the area of the Dominican Republic and it is ranked as the 5th (out of 31 provinces plus the National District) largest province. The altitude of Azua de Compostela, provincial capital, is .
Most of the Azua province is in a very dry valley (the "Azua Valley" or "Azua Plain"); cacti and other plants of dry regions are common in this valley.
The "Cordillera Central" ("Central mountain range") runs along the northern half of the province. To the east, there is the "Sierra de Ocoa" (part of the Cordillera Central) that separates this province from the Peravia province. To the west, there are the "Sierra Martín García" and "Sierra de Neiba".
The most important rivers are the Yaque del Sur and its tributaries Las Cuevas and Grande or Del Medio. Other rivers are Ocoa, Jura and Vía (that flows through the city of Azua de Compostela).
The only important road in the province is the "Carretera Sánchez" (Sánchez National Road) that goes through the southern part of the province; the road goes from Santo Domingo to the western part of the country, to the border with Haiti.
The other roads are not so important and they go from the different municipalities or municipal districts to the Carretera Sánchez or to the city of Azua de Compostela.
The Azua port is in the municipal district of Puerto Viejo; it is a small port.
There are 10 municipalities and 22 municipal districts (M.D.) in the province. The municipalities and its municipal districts (M.D.) are:
The main economic activity in the province is farming. In the valley, the most important crops are and the main products are banana, plantain, vegetables and fruits like mango. High on the northern mountains, coffee and beans are important products.
Fishing is important along the Caribbean coast.
Cardiff City F.C.
Cardiff City F.C. is a Welsh football club who play in Cardiff. They play at the Cardiff City Stadium, (formerly at Ninian Park) and have the nickname "The Bluebirds".
They are the only non-English side to win the FA Cup, in 1926-27. They were also runners up in 1924-25 and 2007-08.
Colchester United F.C.
Colchester United F.C. are an English football team who play in Colchester, Essex. They were started in 1937 and play games at their stadium which is called Colchester Community Stadium. They currently play in the Football League One.
Their only major honour was in 1998 when they won the F.A. trophy
Coventry City F.C.
Coventry City F.C. is an English football club. They play in Coventry in the West Midlands. They first played football in 1883 and have the nickname "Sky Blues" named after the colour of the shirts they wear. They play their home matches at the Ricoh Arena stadium.
Coventry City won the FA Cup in 1987 against a team from London, Tottenham Hotspur F.C..
Crewe Alexandra F.C.
Crewe Alexandra F.C. is an English football club from Crewe, Cheshire. The club's chairman is Charles Grant.
The club was founded in 1877 and named after Alexandra of Denmark.
From 1983 to 2007, Crewe Alexandra F.C. was led by Dario Gradi. He became the longest-serving coach in the English Football League.
Since December 2008, the club has been coached by Icelander Gudien Thordarson, but he soon left his post.
In the 2011-2012 season, the team won the playoffs and advanced to EFL League One.
In the 2012-2013 season, the club took 13th place. It played 46 games, gaining 64 points, the difference between goals scored and conceded is 54-62.
In the 2012-2013 EFL Trophy, the team reached the final, where they beat Southend United Football Club 2-0 in the decisive match.
It has played mostly in the lower divisions of England. Crewe Alexandra F.C. won the Wales Cup twice and became the winner of the Milk Cup.
In the 2020-2021 season, the club will play in EFL League One, the third most important division in the English football league system.
Since 1877, the club was named Crewe F.C.
Later, it was re-named as Crewe Alexandra F.C. It is also known with a nickname ""railway workers"", which is associated with the location of the city on a large railway junction.
Crystal Palace F.C.
Crystal Palace Football Club (Crystal Palace) is an English football club. It is based in South Norwood in the London Borough of Croydon. The club was founded in 1905. The home stadium of the club is Selhurst Park.
Crystal Palace has played in the Premier League since 2013. They were runners-up in the FA Cup in 1990 and 2016.
Hull City A.F.C.
Hull City A.F.C. are an English football club who are based in Kingston upon Hull. They started in 1904 and currently play in the Football League Championship. Their stadium is called the KC Stadium.
On 24 May 2008 Hull City achieved promotion to the Premier League by beating Bristol City 1-0 in the Football League Championship play-off final at Wembley stadium. Dean Windass scored the winning goal in the 38th minute.
Hull made a remarkable start to their first ever season in the Premier League and reached as high as 2nd in the table in October 2008. They recorded impressive wins away from home against established Premier League teams- Newcastle, Arsenal and Tottenham.
Golden Age of India
Many periods have been called golden periods in the History of India, because there were different important achievements at different times.
The period between the 4th century and 6th century AD is known as the Golden Age of India because of the large achievements Indians made in the fields of mathematics, astronomy, sculpting and painting during the Gupta Empire. Significant contributions to the decimal numeral system, including the concept of zero happened during this period in India. The Golden Age in India came to an end when the Hunas invaded the Gupta Empire in the 6th century AD.
South India in the 10th and 11th century AD under the imperial Chola Dynasty has been called Golden Age as well. The period saw extensive achievements in architecture, literature, sculpture and bronze working, maritime conquests with extensive trade, and quasi-democratic reforms.
Enoch Powell
John Enoch Powell, MBE (16 June 1912 – 8 February 1998) was a British politician in the Conservative Party.
Powell was born on June 16, 1912 in Birmingham, England and raised there. He studied at Trinity College, Cambridge and at School of Oriental and African Studies.
Before becoming a politician, Powell was a professor of Ancient Greek at Sydney University, Australia. When World War II, started he joined the British Army in 1939 as a private but, by 1945, had been promoted to Brigadier.
He was elected to the House of Commons in 1950, and was a government minister in 1957-1958 and again between 1960 and 1963.
He made a speech in 1968 in which he said that if the United Kingdom let too many immigrants live there, there would be fighting in the streets.
In 1974 he left the Conservative Party before the February election, and became an MP in Northern Ireland for the Ulster Unionist Party in October 1974.
Powell was married to Pamela Wilson from 1952 until his death in 1998. They had two daughters.
Powell was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 1992. He died on February 8, 1998 in London, England from the illness, aged 85. He is buried at Warwick Cemetery, Warwick, Warwickshire, England.
Monetarism
Super Mario All-Stars
Super Mario All-Stars is a video game made by Nintendo for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System game console. It was released in 1993. It is a remake of four old games into one package. The four games are "Super Mario Bros.", "Super Mario Bros. 2", "Super Mario Bros. 3", and "". "The Lost Levels" was originally called "Super Mario Bros. 2" in Japan and was the original sequel to "Super Mario Bros.". The old games feature new graphics and improved sound. It was later re-released in 1994 with "Super Mario World" as "Super Mario All-Stars + Super Mario World".
In 2010, Nintendo released Super Mario All-Stars 25th Anniversary Edition for the Nintendo Wii in celebration of Mario's 25th anniversary. It includes a port of "Super Mario All-Stars". It also includes a Mario history book and a CD with music from the series. It was released on October 21, 2010 in Japan, on December 3, 2010 in Europe, and on December 12, 2010 in North America.
Super Mario Sunshine
Mario and his friends arrive in Delfino Isle on vacation. However, the people on the island imprison Mario. Someone who looks like him has been making the island dirty. A judge tells Mario to clean up the island. He is given a device called F.L.U.D.D. (Flash Liquidizer Ultra Dousing Device), which Mario straps on his back. F.L.U.D.D. is a powerful water device that can clean up the mess that the fake Mario has caused. Mario learns that Bowser Jr., Bowser's son, was the one who changed the island and kidnapped Princess Peach. Mario sets out to find them.
Like "Super Mario 64", there are many worlds and each world has several goals to meet. Instead of stars, Mario captures Shine Sprites that will help restore the island. Each world has a boss to defeat. As Mario clears each world, he unlocks others.
Mario must clean up acres and acres of sludge and flith that is on the island. F.L.U.D.D. allows him to do this. F.L.U.D.D. only has a small quantity of water and Mario must jump into a pool of water after the water runs out. F.L.U.D.D. also has several other things it can do. If Mario aims the nozzles down, Mario can float for a few seconds until the water runs out. There are also areas where Mario takes F.L.U.D.D. off and jumps around himself without assistance. The first time he goes he has to go through the area with no assistance. The second time he goes, he has to collect eight red coins in a time limit.
F.L.U.D.D. always has two nozzles.
F.L.U.D.D. has three nozzles:
The Squirt Nozzle (the default nozzle) and the Hover Nozzle, the Rocket Nozzle, and the Turbo Nozzle.
Nintendo had been working on a sequel to "Super Mario 64" for many years; the cancelled video games "Super Mario 64 2" and "Super Mario 128" were some ideas Nintendo had for a direct sequel. "Super Mario Sunshine" was first shown at Nintendo Space World 2001. The game was later shown again at E3 2002.
Work on the game began with the idea of gameplay involving a water pump. However, at first the developers thought that the world was too daringly out of character with Mario. Therefore, they tried using a man-type character, but thought this was too odd and that ""if there was a man next to Mario, there is a sense of incongruity."" There were ten candidates for possible water nozzles, and FLUDD was chosen because of fitting in the game's setting, despite it not being one of the favorites. Some preliminary gun-like water nozzles were removed due to all the controversy in the United States. They also stated that several Yoshi features were omitted, such as Yoshi vomiting juice fed to him.
Koji Kondo and Shinobu Tanaka composed the musical score to "Super Mario Sunshine". The soundtrack features various arrangements of classic "Mario" tunes, including the underground music and the main stage music from the original "Super Mario Bros." "Super Mario Sunshine" featured many of the usual voice actors for the various Nintendo characters. This is the only "Mario" game which features full English voice acting in cut-scenes. The voice cast consisted of Charles Martinet as Mario and Toadsworth, Jen Taylor as Princess Peach and Toad, Scott Burns as Bowser, and Dolores Rogers as Bowser Jr. Other voice actors included Kit Harris.
"Super Mario Sunshine" did well at the shops, having sold 5.5 million copies as of June 2006. In 2002, "Super Mario Sunshine" was the tenth best-selling game in the United States, according to the NPD Group. It was released again in 2003 as part of the Player's Choice line, a selection of games with high sales sold for a reduced price.
"Super Mario Sunshine" received positive reviews by game reviewers. IGN praised the addition of the water backpack for improving the gameplay, and GameSpy commented on the "wide variety of moves and the beautifully [made] environments". The game received a perfect score from "Nintendo Power", who commended the "superb graphics, excellent music, clever layouts, funny cinema scenes and [clever] puzzles". "GamePro" also gave "Super Mario Sunshine" a perfect score, stating that the game was ""a masterpiece of superior game design, infinite gameplay variety, creativity, and life."" "Game Informer" said that the game is arguably "the best "Mario" game to date." ComputerAndVideoGames.com also mentioned the game is ""better than Super Mario 64."" The game placed 46th in "Official Nintendo Magazine"'s 100 greatest Nintendo games of all time.
Despite it's positive reviews, some reviewers criticized the game. GameSpot criticized the various additions, including the water backpack and Yoshi, calling them "mere gimmicks." They also criticized the virtual camera system, and noted that the game seemed somewhat unpolished and rushed. They also criticized the voices, stating that "Super Mario Sunshine's FMV also houses some of the lousiest voice-over work to be found on the GameCube. None of the voices fit particularly well. Princess Peach sounds too ditzy, Mario is limited to grunts and other nonverbal communications, and the game's bad guys are completely miscast and downright disappointing." Matt Wales accused the game of having a "distinct lack of polish."
"Super Mario Sunshine" has introduced many elements which were carried over to newer "Mario" titles. This was the first game in the "Mario" series to introduce the Shine Sprites. These Shine Sprites have appeared in later "Mario" titles games like "Mario Kart DS". This was the first game in the "Mario" series which included Bowser Jr; he has since appeared in "New Super Mario Bros.", "New Super Mario Bros. Wii", "Super Mario Galaxy" and "Super Mario Galaxy 2", and in "Mario" sports games such as the "Mario Kart" series since "" and "Mario Kart Wii". Also, Toadsworth appeared for the first time on the game. He has later appeared on various "Mario" games such as "" and "Super Princess Peach". The recurring character Petey Piranha, known as in Japan, was also introduced. He also appears in "New Super Mario Bros.", "Super Princess Peach" and several spin-off games.
This game was the first "Mario" platformer game to be released for the Nintendo GameCube. It was also the first 3D "Mario" platformer which included the ability to ride Yoshi and to have him change colors. This feature reappeared in the Wii 3D platformer "Super Mario Galaxy 2".
The African elephant are the two species of elephant in the genus Loxodonta. This is one of the two living genera in Elephantidae.
Female elephants travel in herds and male elephants travel alone and sometimes in bachelor groups.
Fossil "Loxodonta" have only been found in Africa, where they developed in the middle Pliocene.
Males of the African bush elephant can grow to 3.64 meters (12 feet) tall at the shoulder and weigh 5455 kg (12,000 lbs). It is the largest living elephant. Females may reach 3 meters (10 feet) and weigh 3636 kg to 4545 kg (8,000 to 10,000 lbs).
At any one time, elephants have one molar in each jaw bone (two upper, two lower). Each weighs about 11 lbs and measures about 12 inches long. As they wear away at the front, new molars emerge in the back of the mouth and gradually replace the old ones. Elephants replace their teeth six times. If it survives to 60 years of age the elephant no longer has teeth and will die of starvation.
Their tusks are also teeth, the second set of upper incisors become the tusks. They are used for digging for roots and stripping the bark off trees for food, and, fighting each other during mating season, or defending themselves against predators. They weigh from 50-100 pounds and may be from 5 to 8 feet long. However, a result of poachers killing elephants with the biggest tusks has been a survivor population with much smaller tusks. Both bulls and cows have tusks.
Bush and forest elephants are nowadays generally considered to be two distinct species. The African forest elephant has a longer and narrower mandible, rounder ears, a different number of toenails, straighter and downward tusks, and considerably smaller size. With regard to the number of toenails: the African bush elephant normally has four toenails on the front foot and three on the hind foot, the African forest elephant normally has five toenails on the front foot and four on the hind foot (like the Asian elephant). Hybrids between the two species do occur.
Poaching greatly reduced the population of elephants in Africa in the 20th century. In the eastern region of Chad, elephant herds were substantial as recently as 1970, with an estimated population of 400,000. However, by 2006 the number had dropped to about 10,000. The African elephant nominally has governmental protection, but poaching is a serious issue.
People moving into or near areas where elephants occur naturally is a problem. There is research into methods of safely driving groups of elephants away from humans. Playing recorded sounds of angry honey bees is remarkably effective at prompting elephants to flee an area. Sometimes elephant communities have grown so large that culling was needed to sustain the ecosystem.
History of the United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state. England, Scotland, Wales (together: Great Britain) and Northern Ireland are parts of this state.
The Acts of Union in 1707 united the crowns and Parliaments of England and Scotland to create (the United Kingdom of) Great Britain. At this time, Wales was legally part of the Kingdom of England, with representation (since 1536) in the English Parliament, so it was included in the union of England and Scotland. Ireland was a separate kingdom with its own parliament until further Acts of Union in 1800 joined Great Britain and Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
In 1922, the territory of what is now the Republic of Ireland gained independence, and only Northern Ireland continued to be part of the United Kingdom. As a result, in 1927 Britain changed its formal title to "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland", usually shortened to "the United Kingdom", "The UK", "Great Britain" or just "Britain".
The first step towards political unification were taken on 1 May 1707, when the parliaments of Scotland and England approved "Acts of Union" which combined the two parliaments and the two royal titles.
Perhaps the greatest single benefit to Scotland of the Union was that Scotland could enjoy free trade with England and her colonies overseas. For England's part, a possible ally for European states that were hostile to England had been neutralized.
Certain aspect of the former independent kingdoms remained separate. Examples of Scottish and English institutions which were not merged into the British system include: Scottish and English law which remain separate, as do Scottish and English banking systems, the Presbyterian Church of Scotland and Anglican Church of England also remained separate as did the systems of education and higher learning.
As the Scots were generally well educated, they made a disproportionate contribution to both the government of the United Kingdom and the administration of the British Empire.
The second stage in the development of the United Kingdom took effect on 1 January 1801, when Great Britain merged with the Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
The legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland was completed under the Act of Union 1800. The country's name was changed to "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland". The Act was passed in the British and therefore unrepresentative Irish Parliament with substantial majorities achieved in part (according to contemporary documents) through bribery, namely the awarding of peerages and honors to critics to get their votes. The separate Parliaments of Great Britain and Ireland were abolished, and replaced by a united Parliament of the United Kingdom. Ireland thus became part of an extended United Kingdom. Ireland sent around 100 MPs to the House of Commons at Westminster and 28 peers to the House of Lords.
Hostilities between Great Britain and France recommenced on 18 May 1803. The Coalition war-aims changed over the course of the conflict: a general desire to restore the French monarchy became closely linked to the struggle to stop Napoleon.
The Napoleonic conflict had reached the point at which subsequent historians could talk of a "world war". Only the Seven Years' War offered a precedent for widespread conflict on such a scale.
The Victorian era marked the height of the British Industrial Revolution and the apex of the British Empire. Although commonly used to refer to the period of Queen Victoria's rule between 1837 and 1901, scholars debate whether the Victorian period–as defined by a variety of sensibilities and political concerns that have come to be associated with the Victorians–actually begins with the passage of Reform Act 1832. The era was preceded by the Regency era and succeeded by the Edwardian period. The latter half of the Victorian era roughly coincided with the first portion of the Belle Époque era of continental Europe and other non-English speaking countries.
Prime Ministers: William Pitt the Younger | Lord Grenville | Duke of Portland | Spencer Perceval | Lord Liverpool | George Canning | Lord Goderich | Duke of Wellington | Lord Grey | Lord Melbourne | Sir Robert Peel | Lord John Russell | Lord Derby | Lord Aberdeen | Lord Palmerston | Benjamin Disraeli | William Ewart Gladstone | Lord Salisbury | Lord Rosebery
Marquess of Salisbury | Arthur Balfour | Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman | Herbert Henry Asquith | David Lloyd George | Andrew Bonar Law | Stanley Baldwin | Ramsay MacDonald | Stanley Baldwin | Ramsay MacDonald | Stanley Baldwin | Neville Chamberlain | Winston Churchill
Britain's control over its Empire loosened during the interwar period. Nationalism became stronger in other parts of the empire, particularly in India and in Egypt.
Between 1867 and 1910, the UK granted Australia, Canada, and New Zealand "Dominion" status (near complete autonomy within the Empire).
The end of the Second World War saw a landslide General Election victory for Clement Attlee and the Labour Party.
As the country headed into the 1950s, rebuilding continued and a number of immigrants from the remaining British Empire were invited to help the rebuilding effort. During the 1950s the UK lost its place as a superpower and could no longer maintain its large Empire. This led to decolonization, and a withdrawal from almost all of its colonies by 1970.
Though the 1970s and 1980s saw the UK's integration to the "European Economic Community" which became the European Union in 1992 and a strict modernization of its economy.
After the difficult 70s and 80s the 1990s saw the beginning of a period of continuous economic growth that has to date lasted over 15 years. The Good Friday Agreement saw what many believe to be the beginning of the end of conflict in Northern Ireland; since this event, there has been very little armed violence over the issue.
In the 2001 General Election, the Labour Party won a second successive victory.
Despite huge anti-war marches being held in London and Glasgow, Tony Blair gave strong support to the United State's invasion of Iraq in 2003. Forty-six thousand British troops, one-third of the total strength of the British Army (land forces), were active to assist with the invasion of Iraq and after that British armed forces were responsible for security in southern Iraq in the time before the Iraqi elections of January 2005.
2007 saw the conclusion of the premiership of Tony Blair, followed by that of Gordon Brown. The next prime minister, David Cameron, was elected in 2010. During his first term, the Scottish National Party (SNP) won the 2011 election to the Scottish Parliament. On 18 September 2014, the SNP held a referendum that asked the people of Scotland whether they want to be independent from the UK. 55% of voters wanted to remain in the UK.
David Cameron was re-elected in 2015 on promises to hold a referendum on whether the United Kingdom should leave the European Union. It took place on 23 June 2016 and was won by the "Leave" campaign with 52% of the vote. Cameron would then resign and be replaced by Theresa May as prime minister who will lead the country into the process of "Brexit".
On January 2020, Brexit had occurred.
The U.K. also saw two incidents of terrorism occur in London in the 21st century.
On 7 July 2005, three bombs exploded on the London Underground at 8:50 during the morning rush hour, and a fourth exploded one hour later on a bus in Tavistock Square. The attack, done by Muslim extremists, killed 52 people and injured over 700 others.
On 22 March 2017, exactly one year after the bombings in Brussels, five people were killed in the 2017 Westminster attack near the Houses of Parliament. One of them was the attacker, Khalid Masood, who also stabbed an officer of the Metropolitan Police, who later died of his injuries.
On 22 May 2017, "two bombings" occurred at the Manchester Arena with 19 people dead and 50 injured. It is a suspected suicide bombing.
¹ The term "United Kingdom" was first used in the Union with Scotland Act 1706. However it is generally seen as a descriptive term, indicating that the kingdoms were freely united rather than through conquest. It is not seen as being actual "name" of the new United Kingdom, which was (by article one) "Great Britain". The "United Kingdom" as a name is taken to refer to the kingdom that emerged when the Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland merged on 1 January 1801.
² The name "Great Britain" (then spelt "Great Brittaine") was first used by James VI/I in October 1604, who indicated that henceforth he and his successors would be viewed as Kings of Great Britain, not Kings of England and Scotland. However the name was not applied to the "state" as a unit; both England and Scotland continued to be governed independently. Its validity as a name of the Crown is also questioned, given that monarchs continued using separate ordinals (e.g., James VI/I, James VII/II) in England and Scotland. To avoid confusion, historians generally avoid using the term "King of Great Britain" until 1707 and instead to match the ordinal usage call the monarchs kings or queens of England and Scotland. Separate ordinals were abandoned when the two states merged with the Act of Union 1707, with subsequent monarchs using ordinals apparently based on English not Scottish history (it might be argued that the monarchs have simply taken the higher ordinal, which to date has always been English). One example is Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, who is referred to as being "the Second" even though there never was an Elizabeth I of Scotland or Great Britain. Thus the term "Great Britain" is generally used from 1707.
³ The number changed several times between 1801 and 1922.
Leeds United F.C.
Leeds United Football Club are an English Association football club in Leeds, West Yorkshire. They play their home matches at Elland Road. The club has spent much of its time since it was founded in the top division of English football.
Leeds United was established in 1919, having previously been known as Leeds City.
Leeds United won the League Cup in 1968.
Leeds United won the FA Cup in 1972
Leeds United won the Championship in their centenary year of 2019/20.
Leeds United currently holds rivalries with Manchester United, Chelsea FC, Liverpool FC, Hull City, and other clubs that could be considered as rivals are Manchester City FC, , Sheffield Wednesday FC, Doncaster Rovers, Millwall FC and Barnsley FC.
Acts of Union 1707
The Acts of Union were a pair of Parliamentary Acts passed in 1706 and 1707 by, respectively, the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland, to make effective the Treaty of Union which had been negotiated between the two countries. The Acts joined the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland which had been separate states before, with separate legislatures but with the same monarch into a single United Kingdom of Great Britain. At that time the Union Flag became the national flag.
For over a hundred years since the "Union of the Crowns" in 1603, when James VI of Scotland inherited the English throne from his cousin, Queen Elizabeth I, the two had been in personal union The Acts of Union took effect on 1 May 1707.
G-Man can be any of the following:
El Paso, Guyana
Provinces of Iran
Iran is divided into 31 provinces (Persian: استان "ostān", plural استان‌ها "ostānhā"). Each is ruled from a local center. These local centers can usually be found in the biggest local city, called the capital (Persian: مرکز "markaz") of that province.
The following is a table with information on the provinces of Iran:
Counties of Iran
The provinces of Iran are divided more into counties called shahrestan (Persian: شهرستان "shahrestān"). This is an area inside an ostan. They usually contain a city center, a few bakhsh (Persian: بخش "bakhsh"), and a bunch of villages around them. They are also usually some cities in each county. As of the year 2005, Iran had 324 counties.
The following is a list of counties by province:
Tehran Province
Tehran Province (Persian: استان تهران;) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. It has an area of 18,909 square kilometers. It can be found to the north of the center plateau in Iran. As of June 2005, this province contains 13 townships, 43 municipalities, and 1,358 villages.
Absard, Andishe, Baghershahr, Baghestan, Boumehen, Chahardangeh, Damavand, Eshtehard, Eslamshahr, Ferdowsieh, Firouzkouh, Garmdarreh, Gharchak, Ghods, Golestan, Shahriar, Hashtgerd, Hashtgerd New City, Javadabad, Hassan Abad, Kahrizak, Kamalshahr, Karaj, Kilan, Lavasan, Mahdasht, Malard, Meshkindasht, Mohammadshahr, Nasimshahr, Nazarbad, Owshan Fasham Meygoun, Pakdasht, Pardis, Pishva, Robat Karim, Roudehen, Sabasharh, Safadasht, Shahedshahr, Shahriar, Sharifabad, Tehran, Vahidieh, Varamin,
Leicester City F.C.
Leicester City F.C. are an English football club. They are based in Leicester in the county of Leicestershire. Leicester won the 2015–16 Premier League, their first Premier League title.
Their most famous players were and are Gary Lineker, Peter Shilton and Jamie Vardy. They have won three Football League Cups, and they hold the record for appearing in the most FA Cup finals without ever winning one. Their present manager is Brendan Rodgers.
They won the Premier League title in the 2015/16 season.
Damavand County
Damavand County () is a county of the Tehran Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Damavand.
Eslamshahr County
Eslamshahr County (Persian: اسلام‌شهر) is a county of the Tehran Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Eslamshahr.
Firouzkouh County
Firouzkouh County (Persian: فیروزکوه) is a county in the east of the Tehran Province in Iran. In English it can also be spelt as Firuzkuh. The capital of the county is Firouzkouh. About 39,284 people live in the county. It is a mountain area with many lakes and rivers. It is famous for its mineral water.
Karaj County
Luton Town F.C.
Millwall F.C.
Millwall F.C. are a English Association football club in London. They play their home games at a stadium called The New Den which is in London. The club started in 1885 and their nickname is "The Lions".
Millwall was founded in 1885.
The following is a list of important footballers who have played for Millwall. The list includes players who have been honoured in Millwall's Hall of Fame.
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Nazarabad County
Nazarabad County (Persian: نظرآباد) is a county of the Tehran Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Nazarabad.
Pakdasht County
Preston North End F.C.
Preston North End F.C. are an English football club. They are based in Preston, Lancashire. They play in the Football League Championship at their stadium which is called Deepdale. The club began in 1880. It has the nicknames "The Lilywhites", "PNE" and "The North End".
Preston North End was part of the twelve football teams that made up the English Football League in 1888, and were the first team ever to win the English Football League. Preston North End and Arsenal are the only two teams ever to win the Championship without losing a match.
They have played in the FA Cup final seven times and won twice.
The last time they won a major trophy was the FA Cup in 1938 and the club has not been in the Premier League for many years, but they are one of the most successful Championship clubs and regularly finish high up in the league.
Rey County
Rey County (Persian: ری) is a county of the Tehran Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Rey.
Robat-Karim County
Robat-Karim County (Persian: رباط‌کریم) is a county of the Tehran Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Robat-Karim.
Savojbolagh County
Savojbolagh County (Persian: ساوجبلاغ) is a county of the Tehran Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Hashtgerd.
Shahriar County
Shahriar County (Persian: شهریار) is a county of the Tehran Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Shahriar. The county has a population of 400,000 people.
Shemiranat County
Tehran County
Tehran County (Persian: شهرستان تهران) is a county of the Tehran Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Tehran.
Varamin County
Varamin County (Persian: ورامین) is a county of the Tehran Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Varamin.
The New Den
Les Cayes
Les Cayes (Kréyòl: "Okay"; ) is a town in southwest Haiti near the river "Ravine du Sud", on the Caribbean coast. It is the capital of the Sud "Département".
Les Cayes is at about 196 km southwest of the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince. It is also the chief town of an "arrondissement" (a part of a department) with the same name. The "arrondissement" has six "communes" (a "commune" is like a municipality): Les Cayes, Camp-Perrin, Chantal, Île à Vache, Maniche and Torbeck.
The town had the name of "Aux Cayes" ("On the cays") because the small "Île à Vache" island and other cays (Grande Caye and Petite Caye) are near the town. Now the name is just "Les Cayes"; Kréyòl still keeps the old name.
In 1504, Diego Velázquez founded the town of "Salvatierra de la Sabana" (or Salvatierra de la Zabana) where is now Les Cayes. From here, he left for Cuba to take control of that island on 7 November 1511.
But people left completely the town in 1540 and the French Monsier de la Lance founded the modern town of Les Cayes in 1726. The town was destroyed by two hurricanes in 1781 and 1788.
On 28 December 1815, Simón Bolívar came to Les Cayes looking for help to fight against the Spanish government in South America. Bolívar left Haiti on 10 April 1816 for Venezuela, but came back in September of that year to this Haitian town when he lost some battles in South America. He went back to South America in December of the same year.
Les Cayes is one of the most important port of Haiti, where coffee, sugar, bananas and timber are sent to other countries and other parts of Haiti. There is also an airport, Antoine Simon Airport, with the name of a president of Haiti that was born in Les Cayes.
Spitz (dog)
Spitz-type breeds of dog have a long thick coat of fur that is often white, and pointed ears and noses. Many times, the tail is over the dog's back.
No one knows where Spitz-type dogs came from, though most seen today live in the Arctic. There is no archaeological signs showing stages between the wolf and Spitz-type dogs, but Spitz-like skeletons have been found up to 5,000 years old.
Though it is not certain for how long wolves have bred with Spitz-type dogs, it is known that humans have bred Spitz types with wolves in more recent times to get wolf-like breeds such as the Alaskan Malamute.
About 3000 years ago, dogs began to migrate from the Arctic into temperate Europe, North America, Asia, and sometimes Africa. Skeletons from around 2,000 years ago in Switzerland show that Spitz-type dogs have lived in central Europe for thousands of years. These dogs are the ancestors of the European Spitz-types, such as the German Spitz and Schipperke. Many Spitz-types also migrated into Korea and China. Later, many of these dogs were moved by humans to Japan, most likely from Korea. These Asian Spitz types are the ancestors of today's breeds such as the Chow Chow and the Akita Inu.
Through special breeding, Spitz types have evolved to help humans in three ways: hunting, herding, and pulling sleds. Smaller breeds such as the Finnish Spitz and the Lundehund were used in Scandinavia to hunt birds and smaller mammals. Larger breeds such as the Karelian Bear Dog and the Norwegian Elkhound were used for hunting large animals like moose and elk. The largest of all the Spitz types, notably the Canadian Eskimo Dog and the Greenland Dog, were used to pull sleds up until the 19th century.
Spitz types are good at living in cold northern climates. They often have a warm, water-proof layer of fur that is thicker than the outer layer of fur. Small ears help reduce the risk of frostbite, and thick fur that grows on the paws protects the dogs from sharp ice.
Many Spitz-type breeds behave like wolves in their independence and aggression towards new humans and animals. They may need much training before they become friendly. Some, like the Karelian Bear Dog, are not friendly enough to ever become companion dogs.
The cuteness of the Spitz-type have caused people to create companion dog breeds from them. The very small Pomeranian was at first a much larger dog similar to a Keeshond before being bred to make a small court animal. The Keeshond, is a friendly and loyal, though very lively, pet. Other companion Spitz-type dog breeds is the American Eskimo Dog, and the intelligent Japanese Spitz.
Spitz can mean:
Southampton F.C.
Southampton F.C. is an English football club. They were found in 1885 and play their home games at St Mary's Stadium.
Southend United F.C.
Stoke City F.C.
Stoke City F.C. is an English football club based in Stoke-on-Trent. They started in 1863 as "Stoke Ramblers" which makes them the second oldest Football League club in the world. Stoke City play their home games at a stadium called the bet365 Stadium.
One of Stoke City's most famous players was Stanley Matthews.
Stanley Matthews
Sir Stanley Matthews CBE (born 1 February 1915 – 23 February 2000) was an English footballer. He was born in Stoke-on-Trent. Matthews played football for Stoke City and Blackpool. He was knighted in 1965 and died in 2000.
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Blackpool F.C.
Blackpool F.C. is an English football club. They currently play in League One. The club is based in Blackpool in the county of Lancashire. They started in 1887 and play their home games at a stadium called Bloomfield Road. The club won the FA Cup in 1953.
Asylum may refer:
In non-fiction:
In gaming
In radio
The Articles of Confederation, formally named the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among all thirteen original states in the United States of America that served as its first constitution. All thirteen states ratified the Articles in early 1781.
In 1789, the Founding Fathers replaced the Articles with the United States Constitution and a federal form of government.
Even though the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution were created by many of the same people, the two documents were very different. The original five-paged Articles contained thirteen articles, a conclusion, and a section for signatures. The following list contains short summaries of each of the thirteen articles.
(1) The name of the confederation will be "The United States of America."
(2) Each state will continue to rule itself, except for the specific things the Articles allow the confederation government to do: "Each state [keeps] its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not [given to the confederation government] by this Confederation..."