AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
A modulation that goes to a key whose tonic is not part of the original key is called a "chromatic modulation". Modulating from C major to A flat major would be a chromatic modulation because A flat is not a note in the C major scale.
Most pieces of music will modulate, especially if they are long pieces. It gives the music variety and helps to give it shape: the farther away from the tonic it goes the more tension there is. When the music eventually returns to the original key it feels like a homecoming.
Member of parliament
A member of parliament (usually shortened to MP) is a person in the United Kingdom or in Canada who represents the people of an area (called a "constituency") in the House of Commons. They are voted for by the people in a general election. The Prime Minister chooses when to hold a general election, but must have an election at least once every five years. MPs are usually members of a group called a political party.
In the UK, the main political parties are:
In Canada, the main political parties are:
Members of provincial legislatures in Canada are sometimes referred to as member of provincial parliament (MPP) and other times member of legislative assembly (MLA).
Relative key
When a piece of music is in a major key, the relative minor means the minor key which has the same key signature. It can be found by taking the sixth note of the first scale and playing a minor scale starting on that note. For example: in C major the sixth note is an A. Therefore, A minor is the relative minor of C major (C major and A minor share the same key signature: no sharps or flats).
C major is called the relative major of A minor.
A complete list of relative minor/major pairs in order of the circle of fifths is:
Electrolysis is a scientific way of 'splitting' substances. Electrolysis means 'electric-splitting' and involves the separation of substances through an electric current.
Metals above carbon in the reactivity series (potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium and aluminium) are extracted by electrolysis.
Electrolysis is used in the mining industry to split reactive metals from their ores after they are taken from the ground. Electroplating is also used to plate (cover) things with metal because it costs less than using, for example, solid gold to make jewellery.
Many beauty shops use electrolysis or electrology to remove hair. This is done by "electrocuting" the hair so it splits along its root.
Electrolysis makes the anions (negative ions) go to the anode (positive electrode) and the cations (positive ions) go to the cathode (negative electrode). So, for example, oxygen would go to the anode and iron would go to the cathode.
The Jurassic is the second and middle geological period in the Mesozoic era and the eighth period in the Phanerozoic eon. It began 201.3 million years ago, and ended 145 million years ago. The Jurassic period happened between the Triassic and Cretaceous periods.
During the Jurassic period, the climate was hotter and wetter than it is today. Carbon dioxide levels and sea levels were also higher than today.
The Kimmeridge Clay of the Upper Jurassic was laid down in an environment which does not exist on the earth today. Much of Western Europe was covered by a high sea level. The supercontinent Pangaea was beginning to break up, causing a narrow Atlantic Ocean. Because of this, the United Kingdom was covered by a shallow and largely anoxic sea, perhaps less than 100 metres deep, with occasional landmasses.
This was shallower water than the Blue Lias of the Lower Jurassic. It was often low in oxygen, which caused its organic material to decompose, but only partially. The Jurassic's mudstones are organic-rich, and gave rise to most of the North Sea oil.
During the early or Lower Jurassic, the supercontinent Pangaea broke up into the northern supercontinent Laurasia and the southern supercontinent Gondwana. This was the start of the break-up of Pangaea, a process which took a long time to complete. The process of pulling apart in geology is called rifting.
Floods of lava flowed from fissures (splits) and volcanos. By the end of the Jurassic, South America had begun to part from Africa. In the western part of North America, mountain ranges began to form. This continued as the American tectonic plates gradually moved west. The westward-moving North American plates gradually rode over the Pacific Ocean plates to form the Rocky Mountains.
On sea and land, evolutionary trends which started in the Upper Triassic continued through the Jurassic. Archosaurian reptiles dominated the land biota. Reptile groups radiated and filled many niches. Dinosaurs, pterosaurs, marine reptiles (Ichthyosaurs, Plesiosaurs, turtles) all flourished.
Amongst Invertebrates, there was much change. Modern predators like starfish, crabs, and hole-boring gastropods took over the sea floor, eating the benthic fauna in huge numbers. Brachiopods lost their grip on the in-shore habitats; molluscan bivalves took their place.
Early mammals existed, but mostly as small creatures living in burrows, on the margins of a reptilian world. The first fossils of small dinosaurs with feathers, called "Anchiornis," come from the Jurassic period. The first fossil bird, "Archaeopteryx", comes from the Upper Jurassic.
The dominant land plants were the gymnosperms (conifers). Ferns, large horsetails,'monkey puzzle' trees, ginkgos and cycads were common. These trees were not easy to digest, compared to modern flowering plant trees (Angiosperms). They must have spent longer in the gut than the food of modern herbivores. That would make increased size an advantage for sauropods, which did indeed become much larger in the Jurassic than any any land life had before.
Triassic
The Triassic is the first geological period in the Mesozoic era and the seventh period of the Phanerozoic eon. It lasted 50.6 million years. The period began 251.9 million years ago, and ended 201.3 million years ago.
The period before the Triassic was the Permian period, the last period in the Palaeozoic era. The Jurassic period came after the Triassic.
Many new groups arose during the Triassic period, including the dinosaurs and the first mammals.
Great extinction events happened at both the beginning and end of the Triassic period. The Triassic began after the great extinction at the end of the Palaeozoic era, the Permian/Triassic extinction event. Nobody really knows the exact cause of the Permian/Triassic extinction, but many experts have different theories. Generally, experts agree that many things caused the extinction.
The Triassic had several more extinction events, whose causes are also unknown. The most significant of these took place at the end of the Triassic, which was one of the 'big five' Phanerozoic marine extinctions.
The name 'Triassic' comes from the three rock strata that formed during the Triassic period ("tri" means "three"). Three layers of rock strata formed during this period:
On average, the Triassic's climate was very different from today's:
During the Triassic period, there were no separate continents like there are today. Almost all the Earth's land mass was together in a single supercontinent called Pangaea ("all the land"). Pangaea was centered more or less on the equator. All the deep-ocean sediments (the things that settled at the bottom of the ocean) had disappeared. This happened because oceanic plates moved sideways and downward until they were finally on top of each other, or under each other.
The supercontinent Pangaea was rifting during the Triassic – especially late in the period – but had not yet separated into different continents.
Being a super-continental land mass, Pangaea had limited shoreline. Because of this, Triassic marine deposits fossils from Triassic ocean life are rare in most of the world. In North America, for example, marine deposits are limited to a few exposures in the west. However, they are common in Western Europe, where the Triassic was first studied.
The first part of the Triassic had much less variety than the Permian, and showed signs of a deteriorated environment. This situation lasted for about 5 million years, then steadily improved. Into the vacant ecological niches, new forms evolved, replacing old with new. This rapid adaptive radiation happened to the reptiles on land, the fish in the seas, and a number of other groups, like the insects. Diverse communities with complex ecology took 30 million years to re-establish.
The group of bony fish known as the teleosts first appeared during the Triassic period. The group now includes over 80% of all fish and 95% of all bony fish. The only other common group of fish are the Chondrichthyes (the sharks and rays). The rays also appeared during the Triassic.
Many reptile groups first appeared during the Triassic period, possibly because so many niches were vacant at the time. Some of these new groups died out in the End–Triassic extinction event, but those that survived ruled the Earth for the rest of the Mesozoic. Examples include:
This was a major change, because in the middle Triassic period, the Synapsids (mammals' ancestors) were still dominant.
Many reptile groups became extinct during the Triassic, including:
Also, amongst the Synapsids (which used to be called mammal-like reptiles), the Dicynodonts died out during the end-Triassic extinction.
The Triassic was a period of great change in tetrapods: many new and important groups appeared, but many others became extinct. Of all the periods in the Mesozoic era, there are the least number of fossils from the Triassic period. This makes it difficult for scientists to explain these events.
A chromatic scale is a musical scale which uses every note as it goes up or down i.e. it goes up and down in semitones (half tones). To play a chromatic scale on the piano every note is played: both white and black notes (e.g. C, C sharp, D, D sharp, E, F etc.). A chromatic scale can start on any note.
The word “chromatic” comes from the Greek word “chromos” meaning “color”. Organists in the 16th and 17th centuries such as Sweelinck liked to write “Chromatic Fantasias”. These were pieces based on tunes which were chromatic. In those days, because of the tuning systems used, not all the semitones were exactly the same size. Going up a chromatic scale would have been like walking up a staircase with steps which were slightly larger or smaller in depth. This made chromatic scales very interesting and “colourful” which is why they were called “chromatic”.
Chromatic harmony means harmony (chords) which use notes which do not belong to the key the music is in (they are not in the key signature). Although Bach in the 18th century used chromatic harmony it was the 19th century composers who used it more and more. Wagner wrote music which was very chromatic: there were lots of sharps and flats and it kept modulating to different key areas. The chord at the beginning of his opera "Tristan and Isolde" is so famous that it is known as the "Tristan chord". It is very chromatic. The music is full of tension because it leaves us wondering which key the music is in.
Nelson Rockefeller
Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (July 8, 1908 – January 26, 1979) was a liberal Republican American politician and businessman. He was from one of the richest and most powerful families in the United States.
His paternal grandfather was John D. Rockefeller Sr. His maternal grandfather was United States Senator Nelson Aldrich of Rhode Island. He was the son of John D. Rockefeller, Jr., and Abby Aldrich. He was Governor of New York from 1959 to 1973. He was the brother of David Rockefeller, chairman of Chase Bank, Winthrop, later Governor of Arkansas, John III, and Laurance. He is the uncle of former Senator John D. Rockefeller IV.
He was married twice. His first was to Mary Todhunter Clark until they divorced. His second was to Margaretta Fitler Murphy until his death from a heart attack.
He tried three times to gain his party's nomination for the United States presidency but lost to the slightly more conservative Vice President and future President Richard Nixon in 1960 and 1968 and conservative Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona in 1964. He refused to support Goldwater in the general election after losing to him, which Nixon condemned him for and used to argue that Rockefeller was not a loyal Republican. He was Vice-President from 1974-1977 under Gerald Ford. He waged a campaign against future President George Bush to be appointed to that office. He won. He was a member of the Republican Party. He was in Knights of Pythias.
Preservation may mean:
Special meanings are:
A pillar is another word for a column, which is a vertical support structure in architecture.
Pillar may also mean:
A coffin (also known as a casket) is a box used to store dead bodies, either for burial or after cremation. Coffins used after cremation are what is known as an urn, where the ashes of the person are stored.
The word comes ultimately from Greek "kophinos", a basket. In English, the word was not used in a funeral sense until the 1500s.
Any box used to bury the dead in is a coffin.
The main distinction between a coffin and a casket is the shape. A casket regularly has 6 – 8 sides while coffins have a rectangular shape.
Many coffins are made out of materials such as wood, steel (which would have been used in Ancient Egyptian sarcophaguses), and many others. These types of coffins, for example wooden ones can have a rectangular or any other design, whereas a steel or any other metal used in making coffins (or sarcophaguses) could have the exact same but include religious marking added to make it look more appealing.
Agent Orange is a very powerful herbicide that was used in the Vietnam War. It is a defoliant that destroys forests. It was used by the United States military so their enemies had no place to hide.
The problem with Agent Orange is that when it is released, some dioxins are also generated. Dioxins stay a long time in the environment. They are very toxic, and cause genetic modifications and cancer.
Naruto (manga)
Twelve years ago, a spiritual Nine-Tail fox attacked the Hidden Leaf Village, Minato Namikaze and Kushina Uzumaki sacrificed themselves to seal the monster within a boy named Naruto. Nobody told Naruto that the fox was sealed inside him. The villagers treated him badly because of the monster. When Naruto found out the truth, it made him want to become the next Hokage and earn everyone's respect. After graduating from being a genin, Naruto joined Team 7. The members of Team 7 were Naruto, Sasuke Uchiha, Sakura Haruno and their teacher Kakashi Hatake. They defeated Zabuza and Haku in the Land of Waves. Orochimaru interrupted the Chunin Exam, killing the Third Hokage and Fourth Kazekage. Orochimaru tricked the army of the Hidden Sand into opposing the Leaf. Jiraiya trained Naruto, while Tsunade became the Fifth Hokage. Sasuke left the village and looked for revenge against Itachi. Naruto defeated five enemies from the Land of Sound through the forest, but he failed to stop Sasuke from joining up with Orochimaru.
Two and a half years later, Naruto recruited Sai and Yamato. The Akatsuki organization started kidnapping ninja hosts. Sasuke formed a tracking party and defeated Itachi. Then he became stronger and joined Akatsuki. Naruto learned Sage Mode. He defeated Nagato for killing Jiraiya and devastating the village, even though he became good. Tobi interrupted the meeting and declared the Fourth Great Ninja War. He had a plan to reform the legendary Ten Tails from the nine tailed beasts. That would control humanity and achieve world peace. After learning Chakra Mode with the fox spirit, Naruto helped the Allied Shinobi Forces defeat the army of White Zetsu. Tobi was revealed to be Obito, who kept the power of the eyes containing the Rinnegan and Sharingan.
When Madara came back to life and stole Obito's half of the power, he turned into the Sage of Six Paths. He used the power of the forbidden art to trap everyone in the Ninja World (except Naruto, Sasuke, Sakura, Kakashi, Obito and other dead ninjas). Black Zetsu fused with Madara to complete the reincarnation. That freed Kaguya Otsutsuki to take his place. In the past, Kaguya's son, Hagoromo, had trained Ashura and Indra. Ashura and Indra were the first incarnations who came before Naruto and Sasuke. After Kaguya killed Obito, Kakashi sacrificed his power. Naruto and Sasuke worked together to seal Kaguya and Zetsu, and Madara died again. When Sasuke used the forbidden genjutsu, Naruto defeated and spared him. The world was peaceful and all the spiritual beasts were freed from Kaguya. Kakashi became Sixth Hokage. Sasuke realized his mistake, disabled the genjutsu, and forgave everyone.
Years later, Naruto became the Seventh Hokage. He married Hinata Huyga. They had two children. Their daughter was named Himawari, and their son was named Boruto. Boruto has a special eye and body mark. Boruto makes a new Team 7 with Konohamaru Sarutobi, Sasuke and Sakura's daughter Sarada, and Orochimaru's artificial son Mitsuki. Boruto helped Naruto and Sasuke defeat the two clansmen. Boruto learned that the new enemy group called "Kara" are using their own marks. Kawaki was taken to the Leaf Village and adopted by Naruto's family.
This is where a beginner learns to be a ninja.
Basically meaning lower ninja. Rank of missions they are sent to: D and C.
Basically meaning middle ninja. Rank of missions they were sent to: C and B.
Basically meaning high ninja. Rank of missions they were sent to: B, A, and S rank.
They are like ninja black ops and are assassins. They serve the village's Kage.
The main character of the series. He is a member of Team 7 and the Jinchuriki of Kurama the Nine Tails. He wants to become Hokage to gain the villagers' respect and protect everyone. Over the course of the series, readers find out he is descended from Asura Otsutsuki. He got his chakra and stamina from Asura Otsutsuki. Naruto befriends many foreign and Konoha people and helps them so much that he becomes famous. Naruto eventually completes his dream of becoming Hokage. He starts a family with Hinata Hyuga and has two children, Boruto and Himawari.
The second main character of the series. He is a Team 7 member and a surviving member of the Uchiha clan, a powerful ninja clan descended from Indra Otsutsuki known for their Sharingan eyes. Sasuke's only wish is to avenge his clan. That made him turn on the Hidden Leaf once he learned the truth until the Fourth Great Ninja War. By the events of the "Boruto", he lost his arm. Sasuke started investigating the Otsutsuki clan's influence on the world while helping Konohagakure.
One of Naruto's friends and a female member of Team 7, serving as the group's medic ninja after being trained by Tsunade. Sakura was initially infatuated with Sasuke while resentful to Naruto, gradually seeing the latter as a friend while eventually marrying Sasuke and raising their daughter Sarada.
The leader and sensei of Team 7/Team Kakashi. Kakashi was a student of Naruto's father's Minato. He got a sharigan from his teammate Obito Uchiha. After the Fourth Great Ninja War, Kakashi became the Sixth Hokage and ruled Konoha for many years. Then he retired so Naruto could be Hokage.
A ninja who takes Sasuke's place in Team Kakashi in Part II. Sai can bring his drawings to life. The Foundatin's overseer, Danzo Shimura, raised him to have no emotions. Sai begins becoming more social as he, Naruto and Sakura become friends. At the end of the series, Sai marries into the Yamanaka and raises his son Inojin with his wife Ino.
A ANBU member who becomes a secondary leader in Team Kakashi. Yamato lost his original identity when Orochimaru experimented on him as a child to recreate Hashirama's wood style. Because he has Hashirama's cells, Yamato helps to stop the Nine Tails whenever Naruto is about to be consumed.
A teacher at the Ninja Academy. He lost his parents to Kurama as a child. That made him feel awkward about being Naruto's teacher. Iruka is the first person to acknowledge Naruto. He becomes a father-figure to the boy.
The grandson of Third Hokage who looks to Naruto as a mentor in this quest to become Hokage, emulating his work ethic, determination, and signature jutsu such as the Rasengan and the Sexy Jutsu among a variety of other techniques. Konohamaru insists, however, that he will only become Hokage after Naruto has been Hokage first. By the events of the series epilogue, Konohamaru has ascended to the rank of jonin and become a mentor to Naruto's son Boruto.
One of Naruto's friends and a member of the Hyuga clan. She is a powerful ninja clan descended from Hamura Otsutsuki. The Otsutsuki are known for their Byakugan eyes. Hinata was the first daughter of the main house, but because she was shy and couldn't stand up for herself, her father Hiashi disowned her. She was replaced by her younger sister Hanabi. Afterwards, Kurenai Yuhi cared for Hinata. She became Yuhi's gennin student with Kiba Inuzaka and Shino Abarame. They became members of Team 8. Hinata started to like Naruto. His determination made her feel more confident. In the last episode, she told him she loved him. Hinata and Naruto got married and had two children.
They were known as Team 10. The members are Third Hokage's son Asama Sarutobi and his three students, Shikamaru Nara, Sakura's rival Ino Yamanaka, and Choji Akimichi. Shikamaru and his friends are also called "Ino-Shika-Cho." Their clans being close allies. During Part II, Asuma was killed by the Akatsuki member Hidan. Shikamaru avenged his mentor and became the group's leader. At the end of the series, Shikamaru kept his promise to take care of Asuma's daughter Mirai Sarutobi. Shikamaru and his friends each got married. They raised their children Shikadai Nara, Chocho Akimichi, and Inojin Yamanaka to be the next "Ino-Shika-Cho" group.
A ninja team made of Kakashi's rival Might Guy and his three students Rock Lee, Hinata's cousin Neja Hyuga, and Tenten. They are a year older than the other Hidden Leaf gennin. Guy wanted to wait a year before they could take the test to advance in ninja rank and become Chunin. Neji sacrificed himself to save Naruto and Hinata. Guy was hurt during his ultimate attack and had to retire early.
Naruto's mentor and one of the Three Legendary Sannin. The Three Legendary Sannin were the students of the Third Hokage who survived the Hidden Rain's Hanzo of the Salamander in battle. Jiraiya is also known as the "Toad Sage" for having learned Sage jutsu from the Roads of Mt. Myobu. He was told by the elder that his student will become a savior of the world. Naruto calls him "pervy sage" because he wrote romance novels. He also wrote the epic "Tale of the Gutsy Ninja" with Naruto. During Part I, took Naruto as his student. In Part II, he left to investigate the Akatsuki. He found out it was led by his former student Nagato. Jiraiya died fighting to give the Hidden Leaf a chance against Nagato. He believed Naruto is the child of the Elder Toad's prophecy.
The term Hokage refers to the title of the leader of Konohagakure. There are seven in total through the series. Their pictures are carved into the rock formation over Konohagakure.
A Hidden Leaf resident. He is the leader of the Foundation. The Foundation is a secret organization that takes care of security. His goal is to become Hokage. He thought Hiruzen and his followers were weak. Danzo caused many bad things like the Uchiha Massacre. He had Orochimaru add Sharingan eyes and Hashirama's cells to him. When Tsunade was in a coma, Danzo was Acting Candidate Sixth Hokage. Sasuke killed him. After he died, the Foundation fell apart at the end of the Fourth Great Ninja War.
One of Naruto's first opponents. He was a member of Hidden Mist's Seven Swordsmen of the Mist, a group of ninja that use particularly large swords in battle. He killed his whole class as part of a graduation ritual. Zabuza has a large sword called the Executioner's Blade. The Executioner's Blade can repair itself by absorbing the iron from blood. Zabuza had an apprentice named Haku. Haku could use the Ice-Style Kekkei Genkai. Zabuza and Haku became rogue ninja after trying to take over the Fourth Mizukage. They worked for a crime boss named Gato to get money to try again. Zabuza died after he was betrayed by Gato. Kabu brought Zabuza and Haku back to life.
A criminal who served as the principal villain of Part I. He was Hiruzen's student. Orochimaru joined the Akatsuki and worked with Danzo. Orochimaru wanted to live forever so he could learn every jutsu. He did experiments on other ninja. Then he made his own ninja village, the Hidden Sound Village. He used the village to experiment on people and make an army. He wanted to use the army to destroy Konoha. To live forever, he changes his mind to different bodies every few years. He wanted to use Sasuke's body to live in. After the end of part II, Orochimaru stopped fighting Konoha. He made Mitsuki instead. Yamato watched him.
Orochimaru's right hand and spy. He is good at medical ninjutsu and can manipulate cells. Kabuto was initially a Foundation spy. He had no memory of his past. Orochimaru helped Kabuto when Danzo did not trust him. Kabuto used his skills to spy on people for Orochimaru. After Orochimaru was defeated, Kabuto decided to master Snake Sage jutsu. He put some of Orochimaru's remains into his body. He also added DNA samples of Sound Five, Jugo, Suigetsu, and Karin. Kabuto perfected the Reanimation Jutsu. He made Tobi work with him as payment for his surfaces. Kabuto was defeated, but he saved Sasuke. After the war Kabuto returned to run the orphanage he was raised in with his adopted brother Urushi.
A rogue Hidden Leaf ninja. He joined the Akatsuki after slaughtering his clan. He was shown as a villain. After he died, Itachi was shown to be loyal to the Hidden Leaf. He only killed his family because they tried to take over when Danzo and Tobi told them to. Itachi joined Akatsuki after they agreed to keep Sasuke alive. He planned to have Sasuke kill him. Itachi secretly stayed loyal to the Hidden Leaf by secretly spying on the Akatsuki. He was Kisame's partner..
The main enemy of the second part of the series. It was founded by Jiraiya's students Yahiko, Nagato and Konan as a peacekeeping group in the Hidden Rain. Danzo and Tobi made it change to paid fighters made of rogue ninja. Nagato became a leader. The Akatsuki's new goal was to make everyone understand suffering so that there would be peace. They acted on Madara's Project Moon's Eye to feed the tailed beasts to the Gedo Statue. They used an Infinite Tsukiyomi to control all people.
Also known a Tobi. He is the Akatsuki's true leader. He is the main enemy for most of Part II. He was a child during the Third Great Ninja War. He gave his left eye to his teammate Kakashi when he looke like he was about to ddie.When he looked like he was going to diee, Obito was saved by Madara. Madara replaced the damaged parts of his body with Zetsu prosthetics. Obito became Madara's student. Madara made Obitsu watch Kakashi kill Rin Noharu. Obito decided he would use the Tailed Beasts to destroy reality. He wanted to create a perfect world. Obito took Madara's name. He controlled things that led to the creation of the Akatsuki. He also controlled things that led to the Nine Tails' attack on the Hidden Leaf Village. He was angry at his former mentor, Minato. With his Sharingan, Obito can make it seem like he cannot be touched. He can teleport a long way. He can also use Wood Style attacks because he has Hashirama's cells. After Obito is defeated, he gets back the sharingan he gave Kakashi. Then he died to protect team 7 from Kaguya. He helped Kakashi in spirit.
One of two people who started Hidden Leaf Village. The other was Madara's childhood friend Hashirama Senju. Madara and Hashirama are reincarnations of the founding ancestors, Indra and Asura. Sasuke and Naruto are also reincarnations of Indra and Asura. Madara does not like the Senju because they killed his brothers during the Warring States Period. He makes peace with Hashirama, but then turns against him again. Madara tried to destroy the Hidden Leaf Village with the Nine Tails jutsu. Hashirama stopped him, and Madara faked his death. Madara used Hashirama's blood for his Rinnegan. He summoned the Gedo statue to keep himself alive. He finally died after getting Obito Uchiha to work for him. He gave his Rinnegan to Nagato so that he could be brought back from the dead later. After some time, Madara came back from the dead and turned himself into the Ten Tails jinchuriki. He tried to finish his plan, but Black Zetsu betrayed him. Madara became a vessel for Kaguya. When Kaguya was resealed, Madara was close to dying. He finally made peace with Hashirama and then died for good.
The main enemy of the "Naruto" series. Kaguya was a member of the main family of the Otsutsuki clan. The Otsutsuki clan were a race of alien ninja whose branch family's descendants include the Senju, the Uchiha, and the Hyuga. Kaguya decided to protect the world rather than feed off it like her kin. She became part of the world's Divine Tree as she worked on her ideal of world peace. Kaguya lost faith in humanity. She turned some humans into an army called trust White Zetsu. They were to defend her against other Otsutsuki. She fought with her half-human twin sons, Hagoromo and Hamura, upon learning they inherited her chakra. Kaguya became part of the Divine Tree and turned it into the Ten-Tails. When Hagoromo captured her, she was sealed in the moon. She turned into the Gedo Statue. Her chakra turned into the Nine Tailed Beasts. Before she was sealed, Kaguya made Black Zetsu. Black Zetsu would help her to come back. They would use Indra and the Uchiha Clan. Madara Uchiha would be her new vessel. Naruto and Sasuke defeated her with their team. They took out the spiritual beasts and Madara. Then they sealed Kaguya again.
The manga series has 72 volumes. There are 26 light novels and 13 novels in Japan. In the United States, there are 16 chapter books. They use pictures from the manga.
The manga series ran up to 72 volumes. It became one of the most popular manga and anime. Since it began, a lot of Naruto fansites (websites made by people who like it a lot) were made with detailed information, guides, forums and card games.
The first part aired from 2002 to 2007 with 220 episodes. The second part "Naruto Shippuden" aired from 2007 to 2017 with 500 episodes. Some episodes and anime movies for the series are not based on the manga.
Twelve "Naruto" original video animations (OVAs) have been released.
There are 11 movies following the plot of the anime and manga.
There is a plan to make a live action Naruto movie.
There are more than 50 games. Many of them are fighting games based on the anime or manga.
Websites for the game included Ninja Classic and Naruto-Arena.
Mobster
"Mobster" is a slang term for someone who is part of the mafia or a mafia-like group. A mobster is a criminal. The word " "Gangster" often means the same thing.
1307 (MCCCVII) was .
1272
Sergio Leone (3 January 1929 - 30 April 1989) was an Italian movie director. He is well known for his Spaghetti Western films; particularly his "Dollars" trilogy (also known as "The Man with No Name" trilogy) starring American actor, Clint Eastwood.
Leone was born in Rome and died there of a heart attack.
Ban Ki-moon (; born 13 June 1944) is a South Korean diplomat. He was the eighth Secretary-General of the United Nations from 2007 to 2016. He replaced Kofi Annan on 1 January 2007.
Ban was the Foreign Minister of South Korea from January 2004 to November 2006. On October 13, 2006, he was elected to be the eighth Secretary-General by the United Nations General Assembly.
Ban received his bachelor's degree in International Relations from Seoul National University in 1970 and earned a Master of Public Administration from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University in 1985.
Ban is married, and he has a son and two daughters. His native language is Korean, but he also speaks English and French.
Ban met U.S. President John F. Kennedy in Washington, D.C. after winning an English language competition in the early 1960s while he was in high school. The competition was organised by the American Red Cross. He has said that it was after this meeting that he wanted to become a diplomat.
Ban joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in May 1970 and worked his way up during the years of the Yusin Constitution.
His first overseas posting was to New Delhi. After that, he worked in the United Nations Division at the foreign ministry's headquarters. At the time of Park Chung Hee's assassination, Ban was First Secretary at South Korea's Permanent Observer Mission to the UN in New York City (South Korea only became a full UN member state on September 17, 1991). He subsequently assumed the post of Director of the United Nations Division. He has been posted twice to the Republic of Korea (ROK) Embassy in Washington, D.C. Between these two assignments he served as Director-General for American Affairs in 1990 – 1992. He was promoted to the position of Deputy Minister for Policy Planning and International Organizations in 1995. He was then appointed National Security Advisor to the President in 1996, and assumed the office of Vice Minister in 2000. His most recent post was as Foreign Policy Advisor to the President Roh Moo-hyun.
While he served as Ambassador to Austria, Ban was elected as Chairman of the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO PrepCom) in 1999. During the ROK's Presidency of the 56th Session of the United Nations General Assembly (GA) in 2001, he worked as Chef de Cabinet of the President of the GA.
Ban has been very involved in issues relating to inter-Korean relationships. In 1992, he served as Vice Chairman of the South-North Joint Nuclear Control Commission, following the adoption by South and North Korea of the Joint Declaration of the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula. In September 2005, as Foreign Minister, he played a leading role in the diplomatic efforts to adopt the Joint Statement on resolving the North Korean nuclear issue at the Fourth Round of the Six-Party Talks held in Beijing.
In February 2006, Ban announced his candidacy to replace Kofi Annan as UN Secretary-General at the end of 2006. He was the first South Korean to run for Secretary-General. He got the most votes in each of the four straw polls conducted by the United Nations Security Council on July 24, 2006, September 14, 2006 September 28, 2006 and October 2, 2006.
On September 25, 2006, while these polls were taking place, Ban addressed the Asia Society in New York on his candidacy and views on major issues confronting the UN. The next day, he gave an interview to the Asia Society's "AsiaSource", where he again spoke a lot about the upcoming challenges to be faced by the UN. Earlier in the year, he had spoken to the Council on Foreign Relations in New York.
In an informal poll that took place on October 2, 2006, Ban received fourteen favourable votes and one "no opinion" from the fifteen members of the Security Council; the Japanese delegation the only nation that was not in full agreement. More importantly, Ban was the only one to escape a veto, while each of the five other candidates received at least one "no" vote from the five permanent members of the council — People's Republic of China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. After the vote, Shashi Tharoor, who finished second, withdrew his candidacy and China's Permanent Representative to the UN told reporters that "it is quite clear from today's straw poll that Minister Ban Ki-moon is the candidate that the Security Council will recommend to the General Assembly."
On October 9, 2006, the Security Council formally chose Ban as its nominee. On October 13, 2006, the 192-member General Assembly adopted a resolution, by acclamation, appointing Ban as Secretary-General.
In 2009 Op-Ed, Ban Ki-moon in referring to global warming stated: "All agree that climate change is an existential threat to humankind"
On June 21, 2011, he was re-elected for a second term as UN Secretary General by unanimous votes.
Ban has been awarded the Order of Service Merit twice, once in 1975, and again in 1986, by the Government of the Republic of Korea. For his accomplishments as an envoy, he received the Grand Decoration of Honour from the Republic of Austria in 2001. A year later, the government of Brazil awarded himi the Grand Cross of Rio Branco.
In September 2005, the Korea Society in New York honoured him with the James A. Van Fleet Award for his contributions to friendship between the United States and the Republic of Korea.
An Italian American is a U.S. citizen of Italian descent. It may mean someone born in the United States with Italian parents or grandparents or someone born in Italy who moved to the United States. The largest group of Italians moved to the United States in the early 1900s; two million moved between 1900 to 1914. Only Irish and Germans moved to the United States in bigger numbers. In 2000 the government counted 15.6 million Italian Americans in the United States. This means that in the year 2000, for every 1000 Americans, 56 of them were Italian Americans.
Italian Americans have been an important part in building the United States. Many great politicians, inventors, scientists, soldiers, musicians and film makers (actors and directors) have been Italian Americans. The Mafia in the United States was made by some Italian Americans but nearly all Italian Americans have nothing to do with it.
Most of them came from southern Italy, in regions such as Sicily, Naples and Calabria, only a sizeable minority of Italian Americans have ancestral roots in Northern Italy.
New York City has more Italian Americans than any other city in the United States. More than 3 million Italians live in or near New York. The states of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, California, Florida and Massachusetts also have large Italian American populations. There are large Italian-American populations in the cities of Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, Detroit, Ohio, which each have over a half million Italians.
Municipalities of the canton of Vaud
Samuel Alito
Samuel Anthony Alito, Jr. (; born April 1, 1950) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He was nominated by President George W. Bush and has served on the court since January 31, 2006.
Alito was born to Italian American parents. He served in the U.S. Army reserves from 1972-1980, as Assistant United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey 1977-1981, as Assistant to U.S. Solicitor General 1981-1985, as Deputy Assistant Attorney General, 1987-1990, and from 1990 on as a member the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit before his 2006 nomination to the Supreme Court. Alito holds an originalist view of the law. The vote by the U.S. Senate to confirm Alito to the Supreme Court judge was the second narrowest in recent U.S. History to that point (58-42), the only narrower one being the 52-48 vote to confirm Clarence Thomas. Alito is from Trenton, New Jersey.
Abigail Johnson
William Wrigley Jr. (September 30, 1861 – January 26, 1932) was an American businessman. He was the founder of the Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company. His company makes Wrigley brand chewing gum.
Dan Marino
Daniel Constantine Marino, Jr. (born September 15, 1961) is a Hall of Fame quarterback who played for the Miami Dolphins in the National Football League. Many think of him as one of the greatest quarterbacks ever.
Marino started his career playing for University of Pittsburgh as a quarterback. Marino finished his career with the university having thrown 74 touchdown passes. In 2002 he was voted into the College Football Hall of Fame. He had a long and successful career as a quarterback for the Miami Dolphins, breaking many passing records but never leading his team to win the NFL Super Bowl.
Joe Montana
Joseph Clifford Montana, Jr. (born June 11, 1956) is a retired American Hall of Fame football player. He played as a quarterback for the San Francisco 49ers and the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League. With the San Francisco 49ers, he won four Super Bowls. He was named the Super Bowl Most Valuable Player (MVP) three times. Montana began his career playing for the University of Notre Dame in Indiana. He broke many records while playing for San Francisco. His main receiver was Jerry Rice, who is also in the Hall of Fame.
A hall of fame is a type of museum for awards in certain areas where awards can be given, for example sport, art, theatre, music, agriculture, military and many more areas. A hall of fame is sometimes an actual building where awards, trophies and memrobilia are stored but sometimes a hall of Fame is just a list of award winners. To get into a hall of fame in any area, one must be the best in that area, or one of the best.
The first hall of fame was the Forum Augustum in Ancient Rome. It was built by Augustus who vowed to build a temple honoring Mars, the Roman God of war, during the battle of Philippi in 42 BC. The Forum incuded statues of heroes of the Ancient world.
Once Upon a Time in America is a 1984 movie directed by Sergio Leone and starring Robert De Niro and James Woods as Jewish gangsters. The movie was Sergio Leone's last before his death.
The movie is set at three different times;
When Leone finished making the movie it was 229 minutes (3 hours and 49 minutes) and started with an old character (Robert De Niro) remembering his past; it then showed him as a child and as a young adult. We call this flashbacks; it can happen in movie but certainly not in real life. But when it was first shown to American audiences it was made much shorter and set in chronological order; meaning the movie first showed the characters as children, then as young adults and then as older adults; or 'from start to finish'. We call this "chronological"; this is what would happen in real life. Many people agree that the longer version is much better than the shortened chronological version.
Liu-bo
Liu-bo is an Italian martial art. It started in Sicily.
In Sicily, the art of "paranza", moving the stick by hand in order to attack or in order to defend oneself, was being taught to sons by their fathers for centuries. Many people who took care of sheep were masters of it. They often were asked to fight in order to decide problems of honor. Recently, rules have been created and it was made a sport. This sport has become well-known and has been made official by the National Educational Sport Center (CSEN).
The stick is made from the wood of olive, rowan, or bitter orange tree. It is used as a base for a number of actions. It is held in one or both hands.
Ui Miyazaki
Edward the Elder
Edward the Elder (c. 874-877-17 July 924) was a West Saxon nobleman. He was the King of Wessex but assumed the title King of the Anglo-Saxons. He was king from 899 until his death in 924.
Edward was the son of Alfred the Great and Ealhswith. She was a daughter of Ethelred, also called Mucill, of the Gaini. He was born about the year 870. As one of at least three , it was not absolutely certain he would be king after his father. His cousin, Aethelwold, was older and was the son of Alfred's older brother Athelred of Wessex. When he was about four years old Edward was sent to Rome. There, in a ceremony, he was given a sword, belt and given the rank of . This is one of several things Alfred did to make Edward the first choice among the Athelings who would succeed him as king. By a past agreement Alfred had control of most of the royal estates. He could leave all or some to Edward. In the 880s, Alfred made a will giving most of the royal estates to his son Edward, and left his two nephews only modest lands in the eastern part of the realm. This meant that if Ethelhelm were selected as king over Edward, he might not have enough income to support himself as king.
Edward ruled from time of his father's death on 26 October, 899. But he wasn't until (8 June) of 900. His reign began with his cousin Athelwold, son of King Athelred, seizing the royal manors of Wimborne and Christchurch. When Edward confronted him Athelwold fled. He left behind a nun he had abducted. Athelwold was accepted by the Danes of Northumbria. There he was elected King of York. In 901 Athelwold was in Essex with a fleet he raised over seas. In 902 he convinced a Danish army in East Anglia to raid into Wessex and Mercia with him. In response Edward led his army into East Anglia and destroyed the countryside. Edward ordered his troops to retire back to Wessex, but the Kentish men disobeyed his orders and stayed behind. The Danish army quickly caught up with them. In the battle that followed, Ethelwald was killed.
Edward continued his wars against the Danes. He received a great deal of aid from his sister, Ethelflaeda. She had married Ethelred of Mercia and at his death she became the leader of the Mercians. Together Edward and Ethelflaeda defeated the Danes in numerous battles. But Ethelflaeda also built a line of fortresses on the Mercian Frontier. This was what her father Alfred the Great had done on the Wessex borders with the Danish held territories. Edward began to use these fortresses differently. Not just for defense of his own lands he used them to hold captured lands. Edward and his sister were very successful against the Danes. So much so they quit raiding into Wessex and Mercia. Freed of wars with the Daneds, Edward could attend to other issues. He brought Strathclyde and parts of Northumbria under his control. He also brought Mercia under his direct rule after his sister Ethelflaeda died. The appearance of the Viking leader Ragnvald in York slowed his progress. But by the end of his reign he had control of all lands south of the River Humber. In a treaty Ragnvald, the kings of Strathclyde and the Scots recognized his rule.
In 924 Mercian nobles wanting to be free of Edward's rule made an alliance with the Welsh. Edward quickly put down the and placed a in the town of Chester. But this expedition proved to be his last. Edward died 17 July 924. Before the end of the year his son Athelstan was recognized as the rightful king.
Edward's first wife was Egwina. Together they had:
Edward married secondly, Elfleda, a daughter of Æthelhelm. Together they had:
As his third wife, Edward married Eadgifu, the daughter of Sigehelm. Together they had:
Ælfweard of Wessex
Aelfweard (904 - 2 August 924) was briefly the King of Wessex, following the death of his father, Edward the Elder. The Kingdom of England was divided between Aelfweard and his half-brother, Athelstan, who became King of Mercia.
Aelfweard lived for only 16 days after his father and was probably not even crowned. Athelstan became King of Wessex in September 924, so the English kingdom was re-united again.
Edmund I of England
Edmund I (922 26 May 946), the Elder, the Deed-Doer or the Magnificent, was King of England from 939 until his death. He was a son of Edward the Elder and a half-brother of Athelstan. Edmund was the first king to start his rule with a united England.
Early in his rule, the Norse king, Olaf Guthfrithson, took back much of the north of England. By 941, Edmund regained his northern lands from the Norse. He defeated a revolt by the Welsh and killed the Scottish King of Strathclyde, Donald MacDonald. He signed a treaty with Malcolm I of Scotland and set up a policy of safe borders.
He was married twice. With is first wife, "St. Aelfgith", he had two children who became King Eadwig "All-Fair" and King Edgar "the Peacemaker". After she died in 944 Edmund married Ethelflaed of Damerham. They did not have children.
During the Feast of St. Augustine, on 26 May 946, at Pucklechurch in Gloucester, Edmund was killed fighting a thief who would not leave the feast. He was succeeded by his brother Edred. Edmund is buried at Glastonbury Abbey.
Beak
A beak, a bill, or a rostrum is the nose and mouth of a bird. The beak is used for eating, fighting, grooming, and many other things.
Beaks on different types of birds can be very different in size, shape and color. Beaks are made of an upper and lower mandible. In most species, two holes are used for breathing.
The upper and lower parts of the beak are called mandibles. They are attached to the skull. The upper mandible is attached using several smaller bones, and is able to move up.
The mandibles are bones that are covered in a rhamphotheca - a thin layer of hard skin. This hard skin is similar to horns, nails, and claws, and grows constantly. In some birds the rhamphotheca has different colors in different times of year. Beaks can have color spots that can be seen in ultraviolet light.