AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The South Luzon Expressway, more commonly known by its abbreviation SLEx or SLEX, is a controlled-access highway in the Philippines. It connects the National Capital Region (or Metro Manila) to the provinces of the southern part of Luzon, the main island in the country. Measuring 51 kilometers or 32 miles long, it starts at an intersection with Quirino Avenue in the district of Paco in Manila. It then passes through the settlements of Makati, Pasay, Parañaque, Taguig, and Valenzuela in the capital area and the provinces of Cavite and Laguna in Southern Luzon. It ends at an exit in the settlement of Santo Tomas in the province of Batangas, where it continues as Southern Tagalog Arterial Road (or better known as STAR Tollway).
Pulilan
Pulilan is a municipality (or a town) in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. It lies 50 kilometers northwest of Manila and is located at the west-central part of the province. It is surrounded by the settlements of Apalit in Pampanga; by Baliuag in the north; by Plaridel in the south; and by Calumpit in the west.
According to the 2015 national census (a total count of the country's population) of the Philippines, it has 97,323 people.
The town is famous for its Carabao Festival, which happens once a year in May. This is where the carabaos (a kind of water buffalo in the Philippines) are walked together on the streets and kneel as they pass in front of San Isidro Labrador Parish Church, in honor to Saint Isidore the Laborer, the town's patron saint.
Pulilan is divided into 19 barangays (villages). These barangays are:
Yamato kotoba
Yamato kotoba (kanji: 大和言葉, hiragana: やまとことば) are words that are native to the Japanese language. The word itself is also a native Japanese word, interestingly enough. Yamato kotoba can also be called by its Chinese based name, wago (kanji: 和語, hiragana: わご). It is one of the three main sources of Japanese words, along with "kango" (kanji: 漢語, hiragana: かんご), or Chinese loanwords, and "gairaigo" (kanji: 外来語, hiragana: がいらいご), or loanwords borrowed from languages other than Chinese (especially English since the post-WWII era).
Yamato kotoba in Japanese has much in common with native English words in that most of the everyday vocabulary comes from yamato kotoba, while Chinese loanwords words (much like Latin and French loanwords in English) are used for more formal situations (usually writing) and for specialized terms.
Usually, words with only one kanji are yamato kotoba, such as "katana" (kanji: 刀, hiragana: かたな, meaning: sword), "sakana" (kanji: 魚, hiragana: さかな, meaning: fish), "kami" (kanji: 紙, hiragana: かみ, meaning: paper), "yama" (kanji: 山, hiragana: やま, meaning: mountain) "te" (kanji: 手, hiragana: て, meaning: hand), and "oyogu" (kanji and hiragana: 泳ぐ, hiragana only: およぐ, meaning: to swim). Most kanji (the Japanese version of Chinese characters) have two different kinds of pronunciation, on'yomi (the pronunciation of the kanji borrowed from Chinese) and kun'yomi (the native pronunciation of Japanese words that use the kanji). Yamato kotoba words use the kanji's kun'yomi.
Since on'yomi came from Chinese monosyllables (words with only one syllable), they themselves are also only one syllable, and like Chinese, they can have a CV or CVC structure. For example, the on'yomi for the following kanji 刀, 魚, 紙, 山, 手, and 泳 are "tō, shi, san, shu, and ei." However, kun'yomi can have one or multiple syllables, and those syllables are usually a CV structure, like the examples given above.
Since Japanese uses three different writing systems interchangeably, even yamato kotoba can be written in several different ways. For example, the word "sushi" can be written entirely in hiragana as すし, entirely in katakana as スシ, in kanji as 鮨 or 鮓, or in ateji (kanji used only to show a word's pronunciation and not its meaning) as 寿司 or 壽司.
Kanji usually show the root meaning of the word. While nouns are usually written only with kanji, they can also be written in kana if they are very common words, like "sushi", or if their kanji is not well known, not part of the "jōyō kanji" (a standard list of 1,945 kanji all Japanese adults are expected to know) or too difficult to remember how to write, like "bara," whose kanji is 薔薇, but is usually only written as ばら in hiragana or as バラ in katakana.
Japanese also invented many of its own kanji to name things that could be found in Japan, but not China (usually plants and animals). These are called "kokuji" (kanji: 国字, hiragana: こくじ) meaning "national characters", or "wasei-kanji" (kanji: 和製漢字, hiragana: わせいかんじ) meaning "Japanese-made Chinese characters". "Kokuji" include the names of fish like "iwashi" (kanji: 鰯, hiragana: いわし, meaning: sardine), "tara" (kanji: 鱈, hiragana: たら, meaning: codfish), and "kisu" (kanji: 鱚, hiragana: きす, meaning: sillago), and trees like "kashi" (kanji: 樫, hiragana: かし, meaning: evergreen oak), "sugi" (kanji: 椙, hiragana: すぎ, meaning: Japanese cedar), and "kaba" or "momiji" (kanji: 椛, hiragana: かば/もみじ, meaning: birch/maple). Most "kokuji" only have kun'yomi because they are "yamato kotoba", but some kanji also have on'yomi, like 働 (on'yomi: dō どう, kun'yomi: hatara(ku) はたら(く), meaning: work), and some have only on'yomi, like 腺 (on'yomi: sen せん, meaning: gland).
Other content words like verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are usually written in a combination of kanji and hiragana, where the root of the word is written in kanji and the inflectional morphemes (the parts of the word that don't change the central meaning of the word's root) are written in hiragana. For example, the native Japanes verb meaning "to swim" is "oyogu" in its plain form, where it is written as 泳ぐ in kanji and hiragana. The kanji 泳 shows the verb's meaning, while ぐ (gu) as in "oyo-gu" shows that the word is in its plain form. The polite form of "to swim" is "oyogimasu", which is written as 泳ぎます in kanji and hiragana. Once again, it has the same kanji, but it ends with different syllables ぎます (gi-ma-su) as in "oyo-gimasu" to show that the word is in the polite form. Native Japanese adjectives usually end in with the syllable い ("-i)," like the word "hayai" (kanji and hiragana: 速い, hiragana only: はやい, meaning: fast), "takai" (kanji and hiragana: 高い, hiragana only: たかい, meaning: tall, high), and "ookii" (kanji and hiragana: 大きい, hiragana only: おおきい, meaning: big or large), while native Japanese adverbs are simply adjectives that end in く ("-ku") rather than い, like "hayaku　"(kanji and hiragana: 速く, hiragana only: はやく, meaning: quickly).
Nouns based on adjectives end with the syllable さ ("-sa"), as in "hayasa" (kanji and hiragana: 速さ, hiragana only: はやさ, meaning: speed), "takasa" (kanji and hiragana: 高さ, hiragana only: たかさ, meaning: height), and "ookisa" (kanji and hiragana: 大きさ, hiragana only: おおきさ, meaning: size/largeness).
Sometimes, native Japanese nouns can be written with multiple kanji. These are usually proper nouns like family names or place names. Japanese family names are usually "yamato kotoba", like Tanaka (kanji: 田中, hiragana: たなか), Yamamoto (kanji: 山本, hiragana: やまもと), and Kobayashi (kanji: 小林, hiragana: こばやし). Most Japanese place names are also "yamoto kotoba", like Ōsaka (kanji: 大阪, hiragana: おおさか), Ehime (kanji: 愛媛, hiragana: えひめ), and Hiroshima (kanji: 広島, hiragana: ひろしま), although there are also plenty of Japanese places with Chinese-based names, like Tōkyō (kanji: 東京, hiragana: とうきょう), Mt. Fuji or "Fuji-san" (kanji: 富士山, hiragana:ふじさん), and Honshū (kanji: 本州, hiragana: ほんしゅう).
While usually cardinal numbers (numbers for measuring things) in Japanese are based off of Chinese words, most ordinal numbers (numbers for ordering things) and even certain measure words use native Japanese words. The following table has Sino-Japanese numerals (Japanese numbers based on Chinese) on the left and native Japanese numerals on the right.
YG Entertainment
YG Entertainment is an entertainment label founded in 1996 by former Seo Taiji and Boys member, Yang Hyun-suk.
Record Producers
HIGHGRND
THE BLACK LABEL
PSYG
2PM
2PM is a 6-member K-pop group formed under JYP Entertainment as the counterpart to 2AM. The group debuted in 2008 with the song, "10 out of 10." After two singles, member Jay Park left the group due to growing controversy over his opinions on the 2PM fans. The members began their military service in 2017.
Cheyenne people
The Cheyenne lived in earth lodges with wood frames packed with dirt. They also lived in teepees made from wood poles and buffalo hides.
Mitchell County, Iowa
Mitchell County is a county located in Iowa.
List of Provinces of Turkey
Kazys Almenas
Kazys Almenas (11 April 1935 – 7 October 2017) was a Lithuanian physicist, writer, essayist, and publisher. He was born in Gruzdžiai, Šiauliai County, Lithuania. Almenas wrote the novels "Upė į Rytus, upė į Šiaurę" (1964), "Šienapjūtė" (1970), "Sauja skatikų" (1977), and "Lietingos dienos Palangoje" (1988) and the collections of short stories "Bėgiai" (1965) and "Gyvenimas tai kekė vyšnių" (1967), "Vaivos juosta" (2014).
Almenas studied at the University of Nebraska and Northwestern University.
Almenas died on 7 October 2017 in Vilnius, Lithuania at the age of 82.
Ole Krarup
Ole Krarup (17 March 1935 – 7 October 2017) was a Danish EU politician. He was a former professor of law at the University of Copenhagen. He was born in Aarhus, Denmark.
From 1994 through 2006, he was Member of the European Parliament with the Folkebevægelsen mod EU (People's Movement against the EU), a member of the Bureau of the European United Left - Nordic Green Left and sat on the European Parliament's Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs and its Committee on Budgetary Control.
Krarup resigned as an MEP on 1 January 2007 due to medical consequences after a traffic accident while riding his bicycle in Strasbourg in 2006.
Krarup died on 7 October 2017 in Copenhagen, Denmark from complications of pneumonia at the age of 82.
László Aradszky
László Aradszky (20 September 1935 – 8 October 2017) was a Hungarian pop singer. He became successful in the 1960s after participation in the talent show "Táncdalfesztivál". He was born in Budapest, Hungary.
Aradszky died in Budapest on 8 October 2017 at the age of 82.
Sidhi
Jerry Kleczka
Gerald Daniel "Jerry" Kleczka (November 26, 1943 – October 8, 2017), was an American politician. He was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was the Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from 1984 to 2005, representing . Before entering politics, he was an accountant.
Kleczka died in Madison, Wisconsin on October 8, 2017 from complications of Parkinson's disease at the age of 73.
Gianni Bonagura
Gianni Bonagura (27 October 1925 – 8 October 2017) was an Italian movie, stage, television, radio star, and a voice actor. He appeared in 40 movies between 1950 and 2001. He was born in Milan, Italy. He was known for his role of Dr. Watson in the 1968 RAI television series "Sherlock Holmes".
Bonagura died in Milan on 8 October 2017 at the age of 91.
Sociological imagination
Grady Tate
Grady Tate (January 14, 1932 – October 8, 2017) was an American hard bop and soul-jazz drummer and singer. He was born in Durham, North Carolina. He was known with a distinctive baritone voice. In addition to his work as sideman, Tate has released many albums as leader and vocalist as well as lent his voice to a number of songs in the animated "Schoolhouse Rock!" series.
Tate died on October 8, 2017 at his Manhattan, New York home at the age of 85.
Manuel Busto
Manuel Busto (1 October 1932 – 9 October 2017) was a French professional racing cyclist. He rode in six editions of the Tour de France. He was born in Cransac, France.
Busto died on 9 October 2017 in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, France at the age of 85.
Allan Chumak
Allan Vladimirovich Chumak (Russian: А́ллан Влади́мирович Чума́к, 26 May 1935 – 9 October 2017) was a Russian faith healer. He was born in Moscow.
Chumak became well known at the height of Gorbachev's Perestroika. When he appeared on television, his fans would hold jars of water next to their televisions in the hope that the water would be able to cure disease. At the height of his fame, he had a regular early morning television spot.
Chumak died in Moscow on 9 October 2017 at the age of 82.
Fernando de Szyszlo
Fernando de Szyszlo Valdelomar (5 July 1925 – 9 October 2017) was a Peruvian painter, sculptor, printmaker, and teacher. He was a key figure in advancing abstract art in Latin America since the mid-1950s, and one of the leading plastic artists in Peru.
Szyszlo became a major force for artistic renewal in his country breaking new ground by expressing a Peruvian subject matter in a non-representational style. In 1962, he became a professor of art at Cornell University. In 1965 he became a visiting lecturer at Yale University.
Szyszlo was awarded the Order of the Sun of Peru in 2011.
Szyszlo died of complications from a fall at his home in Lima, Peru on 9 October 2017 at the age of 92.
Bob Schiller
Robert Schiller (November 8, 1918 – October 10, 2017) was an American writer. He worked with fellow producer / screenwriter Bob Weiskopf on many television series in the United States, including "I Love Lucy" (1955–1957) and "All in the Family" (1977–1979) on the CBS network. For his work, Schiller received an Emmy Award in 1971 and in 1978.
Schiller died on October 10, 2017 at his home in Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles from congestive heart failure at the age of 98.
List of the oldest living state leaders
This article lists the 100 Oldest Living current or former heads of state or heads of government of sovereign states (often a president, prime minister, or monarch) whose age Can be proven beyond reasonable doubt. Leaders are not included if no reliable secondary sources have confirmed that the leader is alive within the last 10 years. The distinction of the Eldest living State leader iis currently held by Mustafa Ben Halim of Libya who is and among those currently in office the distinction is held by Queen Elizabeth II who is .
The Most Recent Oldest living state leader to die was the former President Carlos Menem of Argentina at the age of 90 years, 227 days on 14 February and since his death last 14 February, no state leader has died in the last ( days).
The individuals are older than "#100"–"28" on this list, but their status as a state leader is unclear. They were either members of collective presidencies, interim leaders, de facto leaders or widely recognised leaders whose true power was limited.
The following individuals are older than "#26–1" on this list, but their status as a state leader is unclear.
Shandong
Shandong () is a province on the east coast of China. It borders Hebei in its northwest, Henan in its west, and Anhui and Jiangsu in its south. Across the Bohai Strait to its north is Liaodong Peninsula, and across the Yellow Sea to the east is Korean Peninsula. Its capital is Jinan, and its largest city is Qingdao.
Eric Hargan
Eric David Hargan (born June 3, 1968) is an American lawyer. From October 2017 to January 2018, he was the acting United States Secretary of Health and Human Services. He is the current United States Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services, assuming office on October 6, 2017. Hargan previously acted in this role from 2003 to 2007 in the George W. Bush administration.
On October 10, 2017, President Donald Trump appointed Hargan as acting United States Secretary of Health and Human Services.
Gabrielle Blunt
Gabrielle Hilda Blunt (8 January 1919 – 10 June 2014) was a British actress.
Blunt's first significant role was as Catriona Macroon in the film "Whisky Galore!" and she played the same role in the 1958 follow-up "Rockets Galore". Blunt also appeared as Mrs. Bulstrode in the "Wilt" (film), a 1989 adaptation of Tom Sharpe's novel. She became best known for her roles in British sitcoms, appearing over the years in "Happy Ever After", "Shine on Harvey Moon", "Roll Over Beethoven (TV series)", "One Foot in the Grave", "Drop the Dead Donkey" "The Fast Show", "Harry Enfield's Television Programme" and "" and "The Thin Blue Line".
2016 United States presidential election in Wyoming
The 2016 United States presidential election in Wyoming was held on 8 November 2016. It was part of the 2016 United States presidential election, in which all other states plus the District of Columbia voted.
In the presidential election, Donald Trump easily defeated Hillary Clinton and received 3 electoral votes.
Below is a table with the polling results in Wyoming. Wyoming has voted Republican in the general election since 1968.
The Democratic caucus occurred on 9 April 2016.
The Republican caucus occurred on 12 March 2016.
List of Bollywood actors
Landser, Haut-Rhin
Landser is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.
Jhajjar
Jhajjar is a city in Jhajjar district in the Indian state of Haryana. It was split off of the Rohtak district on July 15, 1997.
, Jhajjar District had a population of 956,907. Males constitute 54% of the population and females constitute 46%. Jhajjar has an average literacy rate of 80.83%, higher than the national average of 74%. Male literacy is 89.44%, and female literacy is 70.16%.
Jhajjar has its railway station, with code JHJ. The railway station of the city is situated on Gawalison-Dadri Road. The station station supports four trains, including the first CNG train of India and the Jaipur-Chandigarh Intercity train.
Jhajjar City has India's largest bus station situated on Rohtak-Jhajjar Nh-71. This new bus station has an area of 38 acres, including parks for students.
Lapoutroie
Largitzen
Lautenbach, Haut-Rhin
Lautenbach is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department. This in the east of France. It is about 30 km southwest of Colmar.
Lautenbachzell
Lautenbachzell is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.
Rixheim
Kirstjen Nielsen
Kirstjen Michele Nielsen (born May 14, 1972) is an American government official and national security expert. Nielsen was the 6th United States Secretary of Homeland Security from December 6, 2017 to April 10, 2019. Before, she served as Principal Deputy White House Chief of Staff to President Donald Trump from September 6, 2017 to December 5, 2017. She has informally performed the role of Deputy Chief of Staff since John F. Kelly became White House Chief of Staff on July 31, 2017.
Nielsen is the founder and former President of Sunesis Consulting.
On October 11, 2017, President Donald Trump nominated Nielsen to be the new United States Secretary of Homeland Security. On December 5, 2017, the Senate confirmed her nomination, by a 62-37 vote. She resigned on April 7, 2019.
Nielsen was born on May 14, 1972 in Colorado Springs, Colorado. She was raised in Clearwater, Florida. She graduated from the Georgetown School of Foreign Service and earned a J.D. degree from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1999.
Nielsen served during the President George W. Bush administration as special assistant to the president and as senior director for prevention, preparedness and response at the White House Homeland Security Council. She also ran the Transportation Security Administration's offices of legislative policy and government affairs, a section she started.
Nielsen previously served as John F. Kelly's Chief of Staff at the Department of Homeland Security. She has informally performed the role of Deputy Chief of Staff since Kelly became White House Chief of Staff on July 31, 2017.
On October 11, 2017, President Donald Trump nominated Nielsen to be the new United States Secretary of Homeland Security, replacing John F. Kelly. On December 5, 2017, the Senate confirmed her nomination, by a 62-37 vote.
Nielsen created the practice of separating parents and children accused of crossing over the U.S.–Mexico border illegally. Nielsen resigned on April 7, 2019, and Kevin McAleenan, the then U.S. Customs and Border Protection Commissioner, became Acting Secretary.
In a piece summarizing Nielsen's tenure at DHS, "Vox"'s Dara Lind wrote that Nielsen had been "arguably the most aggressive secretary in the department's short history".
Michel Diefenbacher
Michel Diefenbacher (15 July 1947 – 9 October 2017) was a French politician. He was a member of the National Assembly of France. He represented the Lot-et-Garonne department, and was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement. He was born in Sarrebourg, France.
Diefenbacher died in Paris on 9 October 2017 at the age of 70.
Cho Jin-ho (August 2, 1973 – October 10, 2017) was a South Korean football player. He was born in Daegu, South Korea. He played as a midfielder or striker for the South Korea national team. Cho also played for Pohang Steelers and Seongnam. He served as manager for Daejeon Citizen, Sangju Sangmu and for Busan IPark.
Cho died of a heart attack on October 10, 2017 in Busan, South Korea at the age of 44.
James R. Ford
James Robert Ford (December 1, 1925 – October 11, 2017) was an American educator, politician, businessman and community activist. In 1972, Ford became the first African-American Mayor of Tallahassee, Florida, and the first black mayor of a U.S. state capital city. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He retired as mayor in 1986.
Ford was born in Leon County, Florida. He studied at Florida A&M University. Ford died on October 11, 2017 in Tallahassee, Florida of complications from Alzheimer's disease at the age of 91.
Arrondissements of the Loire department
There are 3 arrondissements in the Loire department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into "arrondissements", which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.
The 3 arrondissements of Loire are:
Since its creation, the Loire department has had some changes:
Andy Hopkins
Andrew Preston "Andy" Hopkins Sr. (October 19, 1949 – October 1, 2017) was an all-star American Canadian Football League (CFL) running back. He was born in Crockett, Texas.
From 1971 through 1973, Hopkins played for the Houston Oilers. From 1973 through 1975, he played for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats. In 1976, he began playing for the Montreal Alouettes until retiring in 1977.
Hopkins died on October 1, 2017 in Sugar Land, Texas at the age of 67.
IDS Center
Liberland, officially called the Free Republic of Liberland, is a micronation that started on an unclaimed piece of land on the western part of the Danube River between Croatia and Serbia. Liberland was founded on 13 April 2015 by Czech libertarian activist Vít Jedlička.
The official Liberland website says the nation was created on no-man's land (terra ) that emerged because Croatia and Serbia have not been able to agree on their borders for over 25 years. This border dispute includes some areas to the east of the Danube which are claimed by both Serbia and Croatia. Croatia considers some areas on the west side of the river, including Liberland, to be part of Serbia, although Serbia no longer claims that land.
The land is under de facto administration by Croatia since the Croatian War of Independence but Croatia has blocked people's access to Liberland since shortly after its founding. Croatia has also prevented Croatian citizens and other EU citizens from visiting the area. Before that, just about anyone could visit the area.
No country that is a member of the United Nations has recognized Liberland, although Liberland has opened official relations with Somaliland as well as other partially recognized and unrecognized states and micronations.
The border disagreement along the Danube River valley started in 1947 but was left unresolved during the existence of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The disagreement got bigger after Yugoslavia broke up. Serbia thinks the thalweg of the Danube valley and the center line of the river is the international border between the two countries. The Croatia government disagrees and claims that the international border lies along the old lines of the cadastral municipalities along the river — as the Danube was in the 19th century before meandering and hydraulic engineering works altered its course. As a result, Croatia claims a large part of the area controlled by Serbia, while Serbia does not claim the smaller parts on the other side.
President Jedlička says that the land they have claimed, known as "Gornja Siga" (meaning "upper tufa"), was not claimed by either side.
The area is about , and most of it is covered with forests. A journalist from the Czech newspaper "Parlamentní listy" who visited the area in April 2015 found a house that had been abandoned for about thirty years, according to people living in the vicinity. The access road was reported to be in a bad condition.
The Danube River, an international waterway with free access to the Black Sea for several landlocked nations, runs along the self-proclaimed territory. Liberland visitors and citizens come to the area by boat from Apatin, Serbia and other ports and docks along the Danube River. Liberland keeps its ships the Bitcoin Freedom and the SS Liberty at the local marina and has bought land and buildings in the Apatin Free Trade Zone.
The flag ceremony in Gornja Siga was performed by Vít Jedlička and others on the same day Liberland was proclaimed.
The flag is a yellow background (symbolizing libertarianism) with a black horizontal stripe through the centre (symbolizing anarchy or rebellion) and the coat of arms in the centre. Jedlička is a member of the Czech Party of Free Citizens, which bases its values on the classical liberal ideology.
Jedlička stated that neither Serbia, Croatia nor any other nation claims the land (no-man's land or "terra nullius"). The border, he argued, was defined according to both Croatian and Serbian border claims and did not interfere with any other state's sovereignty. Jedlička said in April 2015 that an official diplomatic note would be sent to both Croatia and Serbia, and later to all other states, with a formal request for international recognition.
On 18 December 2015, President Jedlička presented the first provisional government of Liberland and its Ministers of Finance, Foreign Affairs, Interior and Justice as well as two vice presidents.
Croatian authorities have blocked entry to Liberland since early May 2015.
In May 2015, Vít Jedlička and his translator Sven Sambunjak were shortly detained by Croatian police after making an attempt to cross the border. Jedlička spent one night in jail and then was convicted and ordered to pay a penalty for illegal crossing of the Croatian border but appealed the verdict. He claimed that there were at least three Liberland citizens inside the area, who came from Switzerland.
Later that month, Vít Jedlička was detained again. Initially, reporters were able to enter the area with Jedlička but subsequently they were also denied entry, including journalists from the Serbian public broadcast service Radio Television of Vojvodina, and from the Bosnian newspaper "Dnevni Avaz".
The people arrested were from many countries, including Ireland, Germany, Denmark, and the US. Croatian police have continued arresting people, including those who entered the area by boat via the international waterway. One of them, a Danish activist Ulrik Grøssel Haagensen, was placed in house arrest for 5 days before being sentenced to 15 days of prison, triggering some protests in Denmark.
In May 2016, several appeals court decisions from Croatia were published. The court upheld the rulings that crossing into Liberland from Croatia is illegal, but found the convictions for entering Liberland from Serbia were not correct. The court said that the lower court committed "a fundamental breach of misdemeanor proceedings" and "essential procedural violations". It further ruled that "the facts were incorrectly and incompletely established [by the prosecutor] which could lead to misapplication of substantive law". A retrial was ordered in 6 of the 7 appeals. The lower court is required to determine the location of the border and the border crossing, but has not done this yet. Since that time, visitors have come the area in boats, but have not permanently settled the area.
Croatia and Serbia dismissed Jedlička's claims as not important, although the two countries reacted in different ways. On 24 April 2015, the Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that while they consider the affair a trivial matter, the "new state" does not infringe upon the Serbian border, which they say is the Danube River. Croatia, which blocks people from accessing Liberland, has stated that after international arbitration, it should be awarded to Croatia or Serbia, not to a third party.
An article in the Chicago Journal of International Law, the law review of the University of Chicago Law School, examined Liberland's claim to statehood in light of the criteria laid out by the Montevideo Convention. According to the author, "Croatia’s insistence that Liberland is part of Serbia could constitute a renunciation of Croatia’s legal rights to Liberland. Conversely, if the territory that Liberland claims as its own is Serbian, the Serbian government’s renunciation of its title to that land could also be a quitclaim that would transform the legal status of the land to "terra nullius". In both instances, the territory would belong to the first entity —in this case Liberland— to claim it.”
Legal experts in Serbia and Croatia have asked if, under international law, Jedlička has the right to claim the area, which is currently the subject of a dispute between the two nations but claimed by neither one. Journalists have been uncertain as to how serious Jedlička is about his claims, with some calling it a publicity stunt.
On 20 May 2015 Petr Mach, the leader of the Party of Free Citizens, expressed support for the creation of a state based on ideas of freedom, adding that the Party of Free Citizens wants the Czech Republic to become a similarly free country.
Goran Vojković, professor of law and columnist from the Croatian news portal "Index.hr", described Liberland as a "circus which threatens Croatian territory", and argued that there was a risk that Croatia's claim to control land on the other side of the Danube may be weakened by the attention that the Liberland project has drawn to the border dispute.
In 2016, an article in Stratfor summarized the initiative as follows: "Liberland is a curious case because, in principle, none of the actors that could claim control over it seems interested in doing so. But this will probably remain a curiosity with negligible consequences at the international level. For the rest of the world's disputed territories, violence and diplomacy will remain the main tools to claim ownership.
According to its web page, Liberland is currently looking for those who have respect for other people and respect the opinions of others, regardless of their race, ethnicity, orientation, or religion, have respect for private ownership which is untouchable, and have not been punished for serious criminal offences. Liberland received 200,000 applications in a week. In the beginning of May 2015, Liberland accepted around thirty citizens. An event was supposed to take place in the claimed territory, but Croatian border police stopped the group from entering it from the Croatian side. As of October 2017, Liberland has awarded citizenship to between 300 and 400 people, to persons who have "helped move the country forward" or earned at least 5000 Merits. On February 16, 2018, former Congressman Ron Paul was presented with a Liberland passport and citizenship certificate by Jedlička and his cabinet.
Liberland also presents an Order of Merit award called the "First Class Order of Merit" to persons who have contributed to the development of Liberland or to the ideas of freedom. Recipients have included publisher Steve Forbes, economist Mark Skousen, Croatian Member of Parliament Ivan Pernar, and others.
The Liberland constitution has been drafted and revised several times. The draft consists of four chapters. It includes a Bill of Rights and regulates the public administration, the political institutions, the legislative power, and the judicial power.
There has been no diplomatic recognition of Liberland by any member of the United Nations. However, Liberland has established relations with Somaliland, a self-declared state that proclaimed its independence from Somalia in 1991. Liberland and Somaliland signed a Memorandum of Understanding in September 2017 promising to establish closer relations and cooperate in the areas of technology, energy and banking.
Liberland President Jedlička and members of Liberland's provisional government make regular goodwill visits around the world to make the case for Liberland and to promote diplomatic and commercial ties to the project. In 2017, Jedlička met with U.S. Senators Ted Cruz, Rand Paul, Ben Sasse and the Democratic Shadow Senator from Washington, D.C. Paul Strauss as well as several other elected representatives in the United States. In February 2018, Jedlička and his U.S. team went to Washington, D.C. to meet with Senator Bob Corker, the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee as well as Senator Lamar Alexander.
Liberland has also established relations with the region of Savoie (Savoy), an independent and self-governed territory from the 11th century until 1860, when it was annexed to France. Today, Savosian people are a minority in their own territory and their claims are not taken into account by the government of France. Liberland has also begun dialogue with the region of Brittany (Bretagne), among others.
On 5th December 2018, UK Libertarian MEP Bill Etheridge and Paul Brothwood hosted an event for Liberland in the European Parliament to discuss its future.
Since 2015, several minor freedom parties expressed support for the creation of Liberland. They are the Capitalist Party in Norway, the Libertarian Party (Spain), The Swiss Independence Party up! (Unabhängigkeitspartei), the Liberal Democratic Party (Turkey) (LDP) the Libertarian Party of Canada, the Libertarian Party (United States) and the UK Libertarian Party.
A few micronations have expressed support for the idea of Liberland.
Paramount Animation
As of August 22, 2013
The Carolinas
The Carolinas are the U.S. states of North Carolina and South Carolina, considered collectively. They were both part of the original Thirteen Colonies, which gained independence from the British Empire in 1783 (while the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776, the fighting ceased in 1781 and the countries of France, the United States and the British Empire signed the Treaty of Paris (1783)). During the colonial period, the southern portion of the Carolinas was primarily a support for the British West Indies; where thousands upon thousands of slaves were brought in to feed the growing trade. The same could not be said about the northern part of the region, which was a sparsely populated area, mostly inhabited by decommissioned servants from the Chesapeake area, many of whom set up small tobacco farms.
Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau
Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau (1 July 1725 – 10 May 1807) was a French nobleman. He served as a general under Louis XIV, and took part in the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-48). He was present at the siege of Antwerp and Namur. With an army of 6,000 people, he helped George Washington in the American Revolutionary War (1775-83). During the Reign of Terror, he was sentenced, but not executed on the guillotine. He was freed after the fall of Maximilien de Robespierre. Napoleon awarded him a title of the Legion of Honor, in 1803.
Operation Nickel Grass
Operation Nickel Grass was a US military mission to help Israel during the Yom Kippur War in 1973. The Soviet Union helped the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Syrian Arab Republic begin a surprise attack against Israel on October 6, 1973. Between October 14 and November 14 that year, the US flew 22,325 tons of weapons, tanks, and other supplies to Israel in C-141 Starlifter and C-5 Galaxy cargo planes.
Palazzo Vigo
Philippe de Nanteuil
Philippe de Nanteuil was a French knight and troubadour. He was a vassal of Thibaut de Champagne, the King of Navarre. and became Thibaut's friend. Philippe de Nanteuil inherited the "seigneurie" of Nanteuil-le-Haudouin in northern France from his father. His father was also called Philippe de Nanteuil.
Philippe de Nanteuil fought with other French knights in the Crusades. In 1239 he and many other French knights lost a battle against the Ayyubids at Gaza. They were taken prisoner by the Ayyubids and put in a prison in Cairo. Philippe de Nanteuil wrote a famous song while he was in prison. It was called "En chantant veil mon duel faire". The song was about the defeat of the Christian knights. It criticized the leaders of the three main military orders, the Knights Templar, the Knights Hospitaller, and the Teutonic Order.
Gairaigo
Gairaigo (kanji: 外来語, hiragana: がいらいご) are loanwords in the Japanese language from languages other than Old or Middle Chinese. The word itself literally means "loan word". Most "gairaigo" come from European languages, and especially English since the post-WWII era, though Modern Chinese and Modern Korean are also popular sources for loanwords. Most gairaigo nowadays are written in katakana, with some older ones being written in ateji (kanji used only to show a word's pronunciation and not its meaning) or even in hiragana. For example, while America, or "Amerika" in Japanese, can be written as 亜米利加 in ateji, it is rare to do so these days, and instead it is almost always written in katakana as アメリカ.
"Gairaigo" is one of the three main sources of Japanese words, along with "kango" (kanji: 漢語, hiragana: かんご), or Chinese loanwords, and "yamato kotoba" (kanji: 大和言葉, hiragana: やまとことば), or native Japanese words.
Japanese has a long history of borrowing words from other languages. Since the Chinese character system gave Japanese a writing system (as Japanese had no known systems of writing beforehand), the Japanese naturally borrowed many Chinese words into their language. However, the Japanese only borrowed words from other Asian languages until the Portuguese and the Dutch came to Japan during the 16th century. Since the Portuguese and the Dutch traded many different goods with the Japanese at this time, the Japanese naturally included many Portuguese and Dutch words into their own language, including "karuta" (ateji: 加留多 or 歌留多, hiragana: かるた, katakana: カルタ) from the Portuguese "carta" meaning "letter", "tempura" (ateji: 天麩羅 or 天婦羅, ateji and hiragana [most common form]: 天ぷら, hiragana: てんぷら, katakana: テンプラ), from the Portuguese "tempora" meaning "temperance", as Catholics would not eat red meat during Lent, and "tabako" (kanji: 煙草, hiragana: たばこ, katakana: タバコ) from the Portuguese "tabaco" meaning "tobacco". While these terms used to be written mostly in ateji (and they still can be), they are now mostly written only in hiragana or katakana.
During the Meiji Period, after Matthew Perry forced Japan to open trade with other countries, Japan sent many scholars to Western countries to study different field of knowledge, such as Western medicine in Germany, an art in France. However, since the end of the 19th century, and especially after WWII, most "gairaigo" came from English. Today, about 90% of all "gairaigo" come from English.
While many "gairaigo" came from English, Japanese has also invented many new words based off of English, but wouldn't be understood by native English speakers. These are called "wasei eigo", or "Japanese-made English words". Many of them are shortenings of English words such as "amefuto" (katakana:アメフト) which is a shortening of "American football", "pasokon" (katakana:パソコン) which is a shortening of "personal computer", "konbini" (katakana:コンビニ) which is a shortening of "convenience store", and "anime" (katakana: アニメ) which is a shortening of "animation". While each of these words have a longer gairaigo word that go along with them which would be "amerikanfutobōru" (katakana:アメリカンフットボール), "pāsonarukonpyūtā" (katakana:パーソナルコンピューター), "konbiniensusutoa" (katakana:コンビニエンスストア), and "animēshon" (katakana:アニメーション) in that order, they would be too long for a Japanese person to say in conversation. Also, some words got a new meaning when they come into Japanese. For example, "consent", or "konsento" (katakana:コンセント) in Japanese, means "electrical outlet" rather than its original meaning, and "range", or (katakana:レンジ) in Japanese, means "stove" rather than its original meaning.
Tupper Lake (town), New York
Tupper Lake is a town in Franklin County, New York. In 2010, 5,971 people lived in the town.
The settlement began around 1844. The village was settled during the town's lumber production period and grew after it gained railroad service. The early village was composed of two parts, Tupper Lake proper and Faust. The town for a time held the distinction as the top lumber producer in the state.
The great fire of 1899 burned more than 169 structures in the village, two-thirds of them being homes. The modern village grew out of this destruction and added all the amenities of a modern community earlier than many other villages in the state. Tupper had its own department store and synagogue, and its sprawling railway yards, driven by the lumber trade, made it a hub for the surrounding Adirondack communities.
Milo of Nanteuil
Milo de Nanteuil (? – 6 September 1234) was a soldier, crusader, and the Bishop of Beauvais from 1218 to 1234. From 1207 to 1217 he was the priest in charge of the Notre-Dame de Reims Cathedral. He was the fourth son of Gaucher I of the Châtillon family who lived in Nanteuil-la-Fosse. He took part in the Fifth Crusade and the building of Beauvais Cathedral. He was also the patron of the poet, Jean Renart.
Doreen Mantle
Doreen Mantle (born 1926) is a South African-born English actress who is probably best known for her role as Jean Warboys in "One Foot in the Grave" (1990–2000).
She has appeared in many British television series from the 1960s to the present, such as "The Duchess of Duke Street", "The Wild House", "Sam Saturday", "Chalk", "Casualty", "The Bill", "Doctors", "Holby City" and "Jonathan Creek". She played lollipop lady Queenie in "Jam & Jerusalem" (2006–09). She appeared in episode 63 of Father Brown in January 2018.
Mantle has worked extensively on the stage in such productions as "My Fair Lady", "Keep It in the Family", "The Seagull" and "Hamlet". She also toured Britain in "Billy Liar" in the role of Florence Boothroyd and performed at the National Theatre in "The Voysey Inheritance". In 1979 she was awarded the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for her performance in "Death of a Salesman". She has also done a great deal of radio work for BBC Radio 3 and BBC World Service. Mantle played the long suffering wife of the rabbi in BBC Radio 4's comedy series "The Attractive Young Rabbi".
In 1983 Mantle played "Mrs Shaemen" in "Yentl". In 2011, Mantle appeared in "Coronation Street" as the mother of Colin Fishwick whose identity was taken by John Stape.
Margaret Barton
Margaret Barton (born 27 May 1926 in Finsbury Park, London) is a British actress. She is best known for her role in the 1945 David Lean movie "Brief Encounter" in which she played Beryl Walters, a girl who works in the train station cafe.
Barton began acting in the theatre at the age of 12. Because she was small for her age, during World War 2 she became known for playing children and young people. At 17 she appeared in "Pink String and Sealing Wax" at the Duke of York's Theatre and remembered performing while doodlebugs flew overhead. While on the West End stage she was spotted by David Lean and Noël Coward and cast for the part of Beryl in "Brief Encounter". Her scenes were shot at Denham Film Studios and for other scenes she was invited by Lean to watch from behind the camera.
After the war, Barton continued acting on stage, in movie and for television. She married Raymond James; their son, Michael, died of cancer at the age of 30 and his parents set up the Michael James Music Trust in his memory. Raymond James died in 2016, aged 93. Barton lives in Dorset, where she runs a tea room, and still receives many letters relating to "Brief Encounter".
Sue Wallace
Sue Wallace is a British character actress.
Wallace studied Drama and English at the University of Birmingham, where she met Victoria Wood, with whom she later would go on to work in acting.
She was a teacher originally but went on to have a lengthy career on television and the stage since the early 1980s in among others, "Juliet Bravo", "Bergerac", "Making Out", "The Bill", "Common as Muck", "Heartbeat" and "Doctors".
She appeared in different roles in various television works by Victoria Wood, including "Screenplay: Happy Since I Met You" in 1981, "Victoria Wood as Seen on TV" in the mid-1980s, the television film "Pat and Margaret" in 1994, one episode of "Dinnerladies" in 1998 and finally in Wood's television historical drama film "Housewife, 49" in 2006.
Film roles include "Is There Anybody There?" and as Janet in "I Give It a Year".
Gerard Monaco
Gerard Monaco is a British actor, born Daniel Gerard Monaco, in London, England in 1975, who trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art.
Monaco’s first film was Mike Leigh’s "Vera Drake". He has since had roles in movies including "Starter for Ten", Jane Campion’s "Bright Star" and Jerry Bruckheimer’s "", directed by Rob Marshall.
Monaco's theatre career includes Lindsay Posner’s 2009 revival of Arthur Miller’s "A View From the Bridge", in which Monaco made his West End debut playing Marco, opposite Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio, Ken Stott and Hayley Atwell.
He has also appeared in a number of plays at London's National Theatre, including Steven Pimlott’s final production, Tennessee Williams's "The Rose Tattoo" starring Zoë Wanamaker (Pimlott died in the second week of rehearsals and artistic director Nicholas Hytner took over as director). He has also played opposite Lesley Manville in the premier of Rebecca Lenkiewicz’s play, "Her Naked Skin" (directed by Howard Davis) and Fiona Shaw in Deborah Warner’s production of "Mother Courage and Her Children".
Monaco has also performed at various other theatres around the country, notable at the Finborough Theatre where he played opposite Victor Spinetti in a two-hander production of "Albert’s Boy" by James Graham.
Monaco television work includes roles in "As If", "Eastenders", "The Bill", "Holby City", "Rome", "The Passion", "Ashes to Ashes", "Any Human Heart" and "Episodes".
In 2007, Monaco was nominated for the BBC New Talent New Filmmaker Award for his short film "The Crusader", which he wrote and directed.
Harold Goodwin
Harold Goodwin (22 October 1917 – 3 June 2004) was an English actor. He was born in Wombwell, West Riding of Yorkshire, England.
Goodwin trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. He was a stage actor at Liverpool repertory theatre for 3 years. He appeared in many British movies of the 1950s and 1960s. He usually played 'flat cap' wearing working class characters from Northern England or low ranks in the military.
Goodwin had significant parts in the war movies "The Dam Busters" (playing Guy Gibson's batman, 'Crosby'), "Bridge on the River Kwai" and "The Longest Day." He was also in "The Ladykillers", "Sea of Sand", "Angels One Five" and "The Cruel Sea" (in which he was the ASDIC operator).
He also made hundreds of British TV appearances. He was in "Minder" (as "Dunning", episode "Get Daley!", 1984) and a notable role in "All Creatures Great and Small". Goodwin was also in the popular 1980s sitcom "That's My Boy".
Goodwin's last major television appearance was in the ITV soap opera "Coronation Street" in the early 1990s. He played Joss Shackleton, father to Vera Duckworth, His last television role was in an episode of "One Foot in the Grave" in the 1990s, playing a window cleaner.
Zoe Cramond
Zoe Cramond (born 8 October 1984) is a New Zealand actress. After graduating from Unitec Institute of Technology, Cramond appeared in many theatre productions and television commercials. She was in "Outrageous Fortune" and "Shortland Street", before deciding to give up her acting career to study graphic design. She returned to acting after being cast in the television film "Panic at Rock Island" and "Go Girls".