AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
In 1836, Carson met an Arapaho woman named Waanibe (Singing Grass) at a mountain man "rendezvous". This "rendezvous" was held along the Green River in Wyoming. Singing Grass was a lovely young woman. Many mountain men were in love with her. Carson was forced to fight a duel with a French trapper named Chouinard for Waanibe's hand in marriage. Carson won, but he had a very narrow escape. The French trapper's bullet singed his hair. The duel was one of the best known stories about Carson in the 19th century.
Carson married Singing Grass. She was a good wife. She tended to his needs, and went with him on his trapping trips. They had a daughter named Adaline (or Adeline). Singing Grass died after giving birth to Carson's second daughter. This child did not live long. In 1843, she fell into a kettle of boiling soap in Taos. Waanibe died about 1841.
Carson's life as a mountain man was too hard for a little girl. In 1852, he took Adaline to live with his sister Mary Ann Carson Rubey in Saint Louis, Missouri. Adaline was taught in a school for girls called a seminary. Carson brought her West when she was a teenager. She married and divorced. In 1858, she went to the California goldfields. Adaline died in 1860.
In 1841, Carson married a Cheyenne woman named Making-Out-Road. They were together only a short time. Making-Out-Road divorced him in the way of her people. She put Adaline and all Carson's property outside their tent. Making-Out-Road left Carson to travel with her people through the west. Historian David Lavender writes: "[Making-Out-Road] was spoiled. She had put most of the Cheyenne bachelors and half the white men at the fort in a slow burn, and they had showered her with gifts. Now that they were married she expected Kit to keep her in expensive foofaraw (finery). She ignored her household chores and neglected little Adaline ..."
About 1842, Carson met Josefa Jaramillo. She was the beautiful daughter of a wealthy Mexican couple living in Taos. Lewis Garrard wrote: "Her style of beauty was of the haunting, heartbreaking kind ... such as would lead a man with a glance in his eye, to risk his life for one smile." Carson wanted to marry her. He left the Presbyterian Church for the Catholic Church. Thirty-three-year old Carson married 14-year-old Josefa on February 6, 1843. They had eight children.
In 1842, Carson was returning from Missouri after depositing his daughter Adaline with relatives when met John C. Frémont aboard a steamboat on the Missouri River. Frémont was a United States Army officer in the Corps of Topographical Engineers. Carson had very little money at this time. Frémont hired Carson at $100 a month as a guide. Frémont wrote, "I was pleased with him and his manner of address at this first meeting. He was a man of medium height, broad-shouldered, and deep-chested, with a clear steady blue eye and frank speech and address; quiet and unassuming."
In 1842, Carson guided Frémont across the Oregon Trail to Wyoming. This was their first expedition into the West. The purpose of this expedition was to map and describe the Oregon Trail as far as South Pass, Wyoming. A guidebook and maps would be printed for settlers. Frémont praised Carson in his government reports. Because of that, Carson became well known across the United States. He became the hero of many cheap, popular books called dime novels.
In 1843, Frémont asked Carson to join his second expedition. Carson did. He guided Frémont across part of the Oregon Trail to the Columbia River in Oregon. The trip's purpose was to map and describe the Oregon Trail from South Pass, Wyoming to the Columbia River. They also traveled to Great Salt Lake in Utah. The men then headed to California. They suffered from bad weather in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. The men were saved by Carson's good judgement and his guiding skills. They found American settlers who fed them. The expedition then went into California. This was illegal and dangerous. California was Mexican territory. The Mexican government ordered Frémont to leave. Frémont finally went back to Washington, DC. The government liked his reports, but ignored his illegal trip into Mexico. Frémont was made a captain. The newspapers called him "The Pathfinder".
During this expedition, Frémont went to the Mojave Desert. Frémont's party met a Mexican man and boy. The two told Carson that Native Americans had ambushed their party of travelers. The male travelers were killed; the women travelers were staked to the ground, sexually mutilated, and killed. The murderers then stole the Mexicans' thirty horses. Carson and a mountain man friend named Alexis Godey went after the murderers. They took two days to find them. They rushed into their camp, killing and scalping two of the murderers. The stolen horses were recovered and returned to the Mexican man and boy. This selfless, disinterested, generous deed brought Carson even greater fame. It confirmed his status as a western hero in the eyes of the American people.
In 1845, Carson guided Frémont on their third and last expedition. They went to California and Oregon. Frémont made scientific plans, but the expedition was appeared political in nature. Frémont may have been working under secret government orders. President Polk wanted the province of Alta California for the United States. Once in California, Frémont started to rouse the American settlers into a patriotic fever. The Mexican government ordered him to leave. Frémont went north to Oregon. He camped near Klamath Lake. Messages from Washington, DC made it clear that President Polk wanted California.
At Klamath Lake in southern Oregon, Frémont's party was attacked by about twenty Native Americans on the night of March 6, 1846. Three men in camp were killed. The Native Americans fled after a brief struggle. Carson was angry that his friends had been killed. He took an axe and avenged the death of his friends by chopping away at a dead Klamath's face. Fremont wrote, "He knocked his head to pieces."
In June 1846, Frémont and Carson both participated in a California uprising against Mexico called the Bear Flag Revolt. Mexico ordered all Americans to leave California. They did not want to go, and declared California an independent republic. American settlers in California wanted to be free of the Mexican government. The Americans found courage to oppose Mexico because they had Frémont and his troops on board. Frémont wrote an oath of allegiance. He and his men were able to give some protection to the Americans. He ordered Carson to execute an old Mexican man named Berresaya and his two adult nephews. These three were captured when they stepped ashore at San Francisco Bay. They were executed to keep them from taking reports to Mexico about the uprising.
Mexico ordered Frémont and Carson to leave the area. They left for Oregon. Along the way, Carson and most of the group attacked a Native American village. They killed about 100 villagers. Carson thought that this massacre would discourage Native Americans from attacking white settlers. Frémont heard that the Klamath tribe had killed three of his men. Carson was sorry to have lost his friends. He attacked another Native American village, wrecking it.
Frémont worked hard to the win California for the United States. He became its military governor. Carson took military records to the Secretary of War in Washington, DC. Frémont wrote, "This was a service of great trust and honor ... and great danger also." In 1847 and 1848, Carson made two quick trips to Washington, DC with messages and reports. In 1848, he took news of the California Gold Strike to the nation's capital.
Carson's fame spread throughout the United States with government reports, dime novels, newspaper accounts, and word of mouth. The dime novels celebrated Caron's adventures, but were usually colored with exaggeration. A factual biography was attempted by DeWitt C. Peters in 1859, but has been criticized for inaccuracies and exaggerations.
In 1847, the first story about Carson's adventures was printed. It was called "An Adventure of Kit Carson: A Tale of the Sacramento". It was printed in "Holden's Dollar Magazine". Other stories were also printed such as "Kit Carson: The Prince of the Goldhunters" and "The Prairie Flower". Writers thought Carson the perfect mountain man and Indian fighter. His exciting adventures were printed in the story, "Kiowa Charley, The White Mustanger; or, Rocky Mountain Kit's Last Scalp Hunt". In this story, an older Kit is said to have "had ridden into Sioux camps unattended and alone, had ridden out again, but with the scalps of their greatest warriors at his belt."
In 1849, Carson guided soldiers on the trail of Mrs. Ann White and her baby daughter. They had been captured by Apaches. No one paid attention to Carson's advice about a rescue attempt. Mrs. White was found dead. An arrow was in her heart. She had been horribly abused. She may have been passed among the Apaches as a camp prostitute. Her child had been carried away, and was never found.
A soldier in the rescue party wrote: "Mrs. White was a frail, delicate, and very beautiful woman, but having undergone such usage as she suffered nothing but a wreck remained; it was literally covered with blows and scratches. Her countenance even after death indicated a hopeless creature. Over her corpse, we swore vengeance upon her persecutors."
Carson discovered a book about himself in the Apache camp. This was the first time that he found himself in print. He was the hero of adventure stories. He was sorry for the rest of his life that Mrs. White had been killed. He wrote in his "Memoirs": "In camp was found a book, the first of the kind I had ever seen, in which I was made a great hero, slaying Indians by the hundreds ... I have often thought that Mrs. White read the same ... [and prayed] for my appearance that she might be saved."
In 1856, Carson told his life story to someone who wrote it down. This book is called "Memoirs". Some say Carson forgot dates or got them wrong. The manuscript was lost when taken East to find a professional writer who would work it into a book. Washington Irving was asked, but declined. The lost manuscript was found in a trunk in Paris in 1905. It was later printed. The first biography of Carson was written by DeWitt C. Peters in 1859. The book was called "Kit Carson, the Nestor of the Mountains, from Facts Narrated by Himself". When the book was read to Carson he said, "Peters laid it on a leetle too thick."
The Mexican–American War was an armed conflict between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848. America won this war. Under The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Mexico was forced to sell the territories of Alta California and New Mexico to the United States.
While Carson was not a member of the United States Army, one of his best known adventures took place during this war. In December 1846, Carson was ordered by General Stephen W. Kearny to guide him and his troops from Socorro, New Mexico to San Diego, California. Mexicans soldiers attacked Kearny and his men near the village of San Pasqual, California.
There were too many Mexican soldiers. Kearny knew he would could not win; he ordered his men to take cover on a small hill. Kearny then sent Carson, a naval lieutenant named Beale, and a Native American scout to get help. The three left on the night of December 8 for San Diego. San Diego was away. Carson and the lieutenant removed their shoes because they made too much noise. They walked barefoot through the desert.
Carson wrote in his "Memoirs": "Finally got through, but had the misfortune to lose our shoes. Had to travel over a country covered with prickly pear and rocks, barefoot." By December 10, Kearny believed help would not arrive. He planned to break through the Mexican lines the next morning. That night, 200 mounted American soldiers arrived in San Pasqual. They swept the area and drove the Mexicans away. Kearny was in San Diego on December 12. Carson went back to Taos after the Mexican–American War to start a ranch.
In 1853, Carson became the United States Indian agent to the Utes. These people lived across northern New Mexico. The Jacarilla Apaches and the Puebloans at the Rio Grande would also come under Carson's watch. Carson's job was to keep the peace between the southwestern tribes, and to hunt down and punish any who committed crimes. Carson was honest and fair as an Indian agent.
Carson came to realize that the hostilities between white Americans and Native Americans were the result of a great decrease in available wild game. This situation forced the Native Americans into raiding American farms, ranches, and herds of cattle. He also knew that the liquor available in towns and villages led the Native Americans into serious trouble. Carson wanted the government to put aside large areas of land far from white settlements. The lands would be called reservations, and were intended for the use of Native Americans only. He thought the Native Americans should be taught agriculture, but it would prove almost impossible to teach nomadic hunters to settle on one piece of land and farm it. He thought his plans would keep these peoples from becoming extinct. Carson resigned as Indian agent with the outbreak of the American Civil War in April 1861. He joined the Union Army to lead the 1st New Mexico Volunteer Infantry.
In April 1861, the American Civil War broke out. Carson left his job as an Indian agent, and joined the Union Army. He was made a lieutenant. He led the 1st New Mexico Volunteer Infantry. He trained the new men. In October 1861, he was made a colonel. The Volunteers fought the Confederate forces at Valverde, New Mexico in February 1862. The Confederates won this battle, but were later defeated.
Once the Confederates were driven from New Mexico, Carson's commander Major James Henry Carleton, turned his attention to the Native Americans. The historian Edwin Sabin writes that this officer had a "psychopathic hatred of the Apaches". Carleton led his forces deep into the Mescalero Apache territory. The Mescaleros were tired of fighting, and put themselves under Carson's protection. Carleton put these Apaches on a remote and lonely reservation east on the Pecos River.
Carson disliked the Apaches. He wrote in a report that the Jicarilla Apaches "were truly the most degraded and troublesome Indians we have in our department ... [W]e daily witness them in a state of intoxication in our plaza." Carson half-heartedly supported Carleton's plans. He was tired. He had suffered an injury two years before that gave him great trouble. He resigned from the Army in February 1863. Carleton refused to accept the resignation because he wanted Carson to lead a campaign against the Navajo.
Carleton had chosen a bleak site on the Pecos River for his reservation. This reservation was called Bosque Redondo (Round Grove). He chose this site for the Apaches and Navajos because it was far from white settlements. He also wanted these Apaches and Navajo to act as a buffer for any aggressive acts committed upon the white settlements from Kiowas and Comanches to the east of Bosque Redondo. He thought as well that the remoteness and desolation of the reservation would discourage white settlement.
The Mescalero Apaches walked 130 miles to the reservation. By March 1863, four hundred Apaches had settled around nearby Fort Sumner. Others had fled west to join fugitive bands of Apaches. By middle summer, many of these people were planting crops and doing other farm work.
On July 7, Carson, with little heart for the Navajo roundup, started the campaign against the tribe. His orders were almost the same as those for the Apache roundup: he was to shoot all males on site, and take the women and children captives. No peace treaties were to be made until all the Navajo were on the reservation.
Carson searched far and wide for the Navajo. He found their homes, fields, animals, and orchards, but the Navajo were experts at disappearing quickly and hiding in their vast lands. The roundup was a great frustration for Carson. He was in his 50s, tired, and ill. By autumn 1863, Carson started to burn the Navajo homes and fields, and remove their animals from the area. The Navaho would starve if this destruction continued. One hundred eighty-eight Navajo surrendered. They were sent to Bosque Redondo. Life at the Bosque had turned grim. Murders occurred. The Apaches and Navajos fought. The water in the Pecos contained minerals that gave people cramps and stomach aches. Residents had to walk about twelve miles to find firewood.
Carson wanted to take a winter break from the campaign. Major Carleton refused. Kit was ordered to invade the Canyon de Chelly. It was here that many Navajos had taken refuge. Historian David Roberts writes, "Carson's sweep through the Canyon de Chelly in the winter of 1863-1864 would prove to be the decisive action in the Campaign."
The Canyon de Chelly was a sacred place for the Navajo. They believed it would now be their strongest sanctuary. Three hundred Navajo took refuge on the canyon rim at a place called Fortress Rock. They resisted Carson's invasion by building rope ladders, bridges, lowering water pots into a stream, and keeping out of sight. These three hundred Navajo survived the invasion. In January 1864, Carson swept through the 35-mile Canyon with his forces. He cut down the thousands of peach trees in the Canyon. Few Navajo were killed or captured. Carson's invasion however proved to the Navajo that the white man could invade their country at any time. Many Navajo surrendered at Fort Canby.
By March 1864, there were 3,000 refuges at Fort Canby. An additional 5,000 arrived in the camp. They were suffering from the intense cold and hunger. Carson asked for supplies to feed and clothe them. The thousands of Navajo were led to Bosque Redondo. Many died along the way. Stragglers in the rear were shot and killed. In Navajo history, this horrific trek is known as The Long Walk. By 1866, reports indicated that Bosque Redondo was a complete failure. Major Carleton was fired. Congress started investigations. In 1868, a treaty was signed, and the Navajo were allowed to return to their homeland. Bosque Redondo was closed.
On November 25, 1864, Carson led his forces against the southwestern tribes at the First Battle of Adobe Walls in the Texas panhandle. Adobe Walls was an abandoned trading post blown up by its inhabitants to prevent a take-over by hostile Native Americans. Combatants at the First Battle were the United States Army and masses of Kiowas, Comanches, and Plains Apaches. It was one of the largest engagements fought on the Great Plains. The Texas State Library and Archives Commission writes: "The result of Adobe Walls was a crushing spiritual defeat for the Indians. It also prompted the U.S. military to take its final actions to crush the Indians once and for all. Within the year, the long war between whites and Indians in Texas would reach its conclusion."
The battle was the result of General Carleton's belief that the Native Americans were responsible for the continuing attacks on white settlers along the Santa Fe Trail. He wanted to punish these thieves and murderers, and brought in Carson to do the job. With most of the Army engaged elsewhere during the American Civil War, the protection the settlers sought was almost nonexistent. They were begging for help. Carson led 260 cavalry, 75 infantry, and 72 Ute and Jicarilla Apache Army scouts. In addition, he had two mountain howitzer cannons.
On the morning of November 25, Carson discovered and attacked a Kiowa village of 176 lodges. After the destruction, he moved forward to Adobe Walls. Carson found other Comanche villages in the area, and realized he would face a very large force of Native Americans. A Captain Pettis estimated that 1,200 to 1,400 Comanche and Kiowa began to assemble. The number would swell to possibly 3,000. Four to five hours of battle ensued. When Carson ran low on ammunition and howitzer shells, he ordered his men to retreat to a nearby Kiowa village. There they burned the village and many fine buffalo robes. His Native American scouts killed and mutilated four elderly and weak Kiowas. The retreat to New Mexico was then begun. There were few deaths among Carson's men. General Carleton wrote to Carson: "This brilliant affair adds another green leaf to the laurel wreath which you have so nobly won in the service of your country." The battle is considered by some to be Carson's finest moment, and is thought one of the factors that made the Kiowas and Comanches sue for peace in 1865.
Some of those who have studied the battle believe Carson was correct in ordering his troops to retreat. Only one Comanche scalp was reported taken by Carson's soldiers. The First Battle at Adobe Walls would be the last time the Comanche and Kiowa forced American troops to retreat from battle. Adobe Walls marked the beginning of the end of the plains tribes and their way of life.
A decade later, the Second Battle of Adobe Walls was fought on June 27, 1874, between 250 and 700 Comanche and a group of 28 hunters defending Adobe Walls. After a four-day siege, the hundreds of Native Americans withdrew. The Second Battle led to the Red River War of 1874–1875, a war that resulted in the final relocation of the Southern Plains Indians to reservations in Oklahoma.
Carson left the Army on November 22, 1867. He moved his family to a small settlement on the Purgatoire River called Boggsville, Colorado. He had no money. He sold his house in Taos. He wanted to build a ranch. In January 1868, he was made superintendent of Indian Affairs in the Colorado Territory. He was called to Washington, D. C. in February 1868 with Ute chiefs and other men to make a treaty. Carson was seriously ill, and doubted he could make the journey, but he felt a responsibility to the chiefs and made the journey. He asked doctors on the East Coast about his health (they gave him little hope of recovery), and toured New York City, Philadelphia, and Boston. His last photograph was snapped in Boston.
He returned home in April 1868. Josefa had given birth to their last child, Josefita. It was not an easy birth. Josefa died within two weeks on April 23, 1868. Carson missed her greatly. His health grew worse. He needed chloroform to ease the pain. Carson made his will on May 15, 1868 at Fort Lyon, and named Thomas Boggs his administrator. Any monies realized from his estate would be used to support his children. Carson had been diagnosed with an aortic aneurysm. The aneurysm broke; Carson's mouth gushed with blood. His doctor and best friend Thomas Boggs were present when he died. Carson's last words were: "Doctor, goodbye. "Compadre, adíos"." He died on May 23, 1868 at Fort Lyon, Colorado. He was 58 years old. The wife of an officer offered her wedding dress to line Carson's casket while the women of the fort took the cloth flowers from their hats to decorate his coffin. Carson and Josefa were first buried in Boggsville. The two were disinterred in 1869, and buried in Taos, New Mexico.
Carson's home in Taos is today a museum maintained by the Kit Carson Foundation. A monument was raised in the plaza at Santa Fe by the New Mexico Grand Army. In Denver, a statue of a mounted Kit Carson can be found atop the Mac Monnies Pioneer Monument. Another equestrian statue can be seen in Trindad. A national forest in New Mexico was named for Carson as well as a county in Colorado. A river in Nevada is named for Carson as well as the state's capital, Carson City. Fort Carson, an army training post near Colorado Springs, was named for him during World War II by popular vote of the men training there.
In the 1960s and 1970s, Carson came under the scrutiny of revisionist historians. Hitherto he had been regarded as an American hero, but the tide turned and he became an arch-villain in the genocidal campaign against the Native Americans. Clifford Trafzer's 1982 "Kit Carson Campaign: The Last Great Navajo War" found fault with both Carleton and Carson, but Trafzer completely ignored Carson's many acts and deeds that humanized The Long Walk.
In 1992, a young professor at Colorado College was successful in abruptly demanding that a period photograph of Carson be removed from the R.O.T.C. office. In 1992, a tourist told a journalist at the Carson home in Taos, "I will not go into the home of that racist, genocidal killer." In 1973, militants in Taos tried to change the name of Kit Carson State Park. Six years later, Kit Carson Cave near Gallup, New Mexico was the target of vandals, and, in 1990, protestors spray-painted Kit and Josefa's tombstones with the word "NAZI". In the 1970s, a Navajo at a trading post said, "No one here will talk about Kit Carson. He was a butcher." In 1993, a symposium was organized to air various views on Carson, but the Navajo spokespeople refused to attend.
In time, views of Carson returned to their former glory. David Roberts writes, "Carson's trajectory, over three and a half decades, from thoughtless killer of Apaches and Blackfeet to defender and champion of the Utes, marks him out as one of the few frontiersmen whose change of heart toward the Indians, born not of missionary theory but of first hand experience, can serve as an exemplar for the more enlightened policies that sporadically gained the day in the twentieth century."
San Juan, Metro Manila
Mandaluyong
Valenzuela
Valenzuela may refer to:
Pasay
Metro Manila
Metropolitan Manila (), commonly known as Metro Manila, is the National Capital Region (NCR) of the Philippines. It is the seat of government. It has more people than most regions and metropolitan areas of the country.
There are 16 cities in Metro Manila. They include Manila, Caloocan, Las Piñas, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Parañaque, Pasay, Pasig, Quezon City, San Juan, Taguig, and Valenzuela, as well as the municipality Pateros.
Monoceros () is a constellation on the celestial equator. Its name is Greek for unicorn. It was described by 17th-century Dutch cartographer Petrus Plancius. Orion is to the west of Monceros. Gemini is to the north. Canis Major is to the south. Hydra is to the east. Other constellations next to Monoceros are Canis Minor, Lepus and Puppis.
Monoceros is hard to see with the naked eye. Its brightest star, Alpha Monocerotis, has a visual magnitude of 3.93. It is brighter than Gamma Monocerotis at 3.98.
Monoceros does have some interesting features to look at with a small telescope. Beta Monocerotis is a triple star system. The three stars form a triangle which looks to be in one spot. William Herschel commented that it is "one of the most beautiful sights in the heavens".
Monoceros also has Plaskett's Star. It is a big binary system. Its whole mass is said to be that of almost 100 Suns put together.
Petrus Plancius
Petrus Plancius (1552 – May 15, 1622) was a Flemish astronomer, cartographer and clergyman. He was born as Pieter Platevoet in Dranouter, now in Heuvelland, West Flanders. He studied theology in Germany and England. At the age of 24 he became a minister in the Dutch Reformed Church.
In 1592 he published his best known world map named "Nova et exacta Terrarum Tabula geographica et hydrographica". He wrote journals and shipping maps. He made a new way for finding longitude. He was the first to use the Mercator projection for navigational maps.
He was one of the founders of the Dutch East India Company. He drew over 100 maps.
Plancius knew Henry Hudson. Hudson was an explorer of the New World.
Plancius made the map, "Exacta & accurata delinatio… regionibus China, Cauchinchina, Camboja, sive Champa, Syao, Malacca, Arracan & Pegu," that was in Jan Huygen van Linschoten’s popular book, "Itinerario" (1596).
Edward R. Hauser
Edward R. Hauser (August 29, 1916 – Spetember 8, 2014) was an American animal scientist. He was professor and chairman of the Department of Meat and Animal Science at University of Wisconsin–Madison. Hauser was born in La Crosse, Wisconsin.
Hauser died from natural causes in Fitchburg, Wisconsin, aged 98.
Boris Khimichev
Boris Petrovich Khimichev (Борис Петрович Химичев; 12 January 1933 – 14 September 2014) was a Ukrainian-born Russian actor. He was named a People's Artist of Russia in 1993. Khimichev was known for his roles in "Aty-baty, shli soldaty...", "The Ballad of the Valiant Knight Ivanhoe", and in "TASS Is Authorized to Declare...".
Khimichev died at the age of 81 from a brain tumor.
Yitzhak Hofi
Yitzhak Hofi (‎; 25 January 1927 – 15 September 2014) was an Israeli spy and general. He was a member of the Palmach. He was also the head of the Israeli Northern Command and the director of Mossad.
Hofi died on 15 September 2014, aged 87.
Gemini (constellation)
Gemini is one of the constellations of the zodiac. It was one of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd century AD astronomer Ptolemy. It is one of the 88 modern constellations today. Its name is Latin for "twins." It is from the twins Castor and Pollux in Greek mythology. Its symbol is ().
Gemini lies between Taurus to the west and Cancer to the east. Auriga and Lynx are to the north. Monoceros and Canis Minor are to the south.
The Geminids are a meteor shower that can be seen best on December 13–14. People watching it see about 100 meteors per hour at most. It one of the richest meteor showers. The Epsilon Geminids peak between October 18 and October 29. They have only been recently confirmed. They overlap with the Orionids. This makes the Epsilon Geminids hard to see. Epsilon Geminid meteors move faster than Orionids.
In Babylonian astronomy, the stars Castor and Pollux were known as the Great Twins (MUL.MASH.TAB.BA.GAL.GAL). The Twins were thought of as minor gods. They were called Meshlamtaea and Lugalirra. These names meant 'The One who has arisen from the Underworld' and the 'Mighty King'. Both names can be understood as titles of Nergal, the major Babylonian god of plague and pestilence. He was king of the Underworld.
Castor and Pollux are the brightest stars in Gemini. They are two bright stars that appear very close together forming an o shape.
The Sun appears in the constellation Gemini from June 20 to July 20. In tropical astrology, the Sun is in the sign Gemini from May 21 to June 22, and in sidereal astrology, from June 16 to July 15.
Eugene I. Gordon
Eugene Irving Gordon (September 14, 1930 – September 15, 2014) was an American physicist. He was Director of the Lightwave Devices Laboratory of Bell Labs.
Gordon was born on September 14, 1930 in New York City. He graduated from the City College of New York in 1952 with a B.S. in physics, and completed his Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1957.
He became director of the Lightwave Devices Laboratory of Bell Labs. He married Renate Albrecht on December 31, 1991. He died on September 15, 2014 in Scotch Plains, New Jersey, aged 84.
Lepus (constellation)
Lepus is a constellation south of the celestial equator. Its name is Latin for hare. The hare is not from any figure in Greek mythology. Lepus was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy. It is one of the 88 modern constellations. It is below the constellation Orion (the hunter). It is known as a hare being chased by Orion.
This constellation should not be mixed up with Lupus, the wolf.
Puppis
Puppis is a constellation that can be seen in the southern sky. It is one of the 88 modern constellations recognized by the International Astronomical Union.
Argo Navis was sub-divided in 1752 by the French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille, forming Puppis.
AFC Cup
Jessy Schram
Jessica "Jessy" Schram (born 15 January 1986) is an American actress. She played Hannah Griffith in "Veronica Mars". She also played Susan Davis in the "Jane Doe" television series on the Hallmark Channel.
Schram was born in Skokie, Illinois.
Dranouter
South China AA
South China Athletic Association (also known as South China, SCAA, ) is a Hong Kong sports club, best known for its football team. It is the most successfull club in Hong Kong. They won a record 40 First Division League titles. They have also won a record 31 Senior Shields, a record 9 FA Cups and 2 League Cups.
Super Junior-M
Super Junior-M, often referred to as SJ-M, is a Mandopop boy band, under SM Entertainment. They are the first international music group in the Chinese music industry to have members of both Chinese and Korean descent.
Super Junior-M is the third subgroup of Super Junior and the most successful.
Dree Hemingway
Dree Hemingway (born December 4, 1987) is an American fashion model and actress. She is the daughter of Mariel Hemingway and niece of Margaux Hemingway. She did editorials for "Harper's Bazaar" and for "Vogue".
Dree Hemingway was born in Idaho.
Han Geng
Han Geng (; Hangul: 한경; born February 9, 1984) is a Chinese Mandopop singer and actor. He was a member of South Korean boy bands, Super Junior and Super Junior-M.
Timothy Adam Hudson (born July 14, 1975) is a retired American professional baseball player. He played the pitcher position.
The first professional team that Hudson played for was the Oakland Athletics. He has also played with the Atlanta Braves and San Francisco Giants.
Hudson attended Glenwood School in Phenix City, Alabama. In his senior year, his team went to the 1993 AISA state championship. He finished his high school year with 12 wins and one loss. He had a 1.78 earned run average. Even with his great statistics, Hudson was not drafted or offered a scholarship to a big college. Hudson decided to go to a local two-year college. He went to Chattahoochee Valley Community College (CVCC).
Hamdeen Sabahi
Habdeen Sabahi is an Egyptian left-wing politician, journalist and poet. He is the leader of the Egyptian Popular Current. He also leads National Salvation Front with Amr Moussa. Sabahi is a Nasserist.
Sabahi was born in a small town to a peasant father.
Wanderlei Silva
Wanderlei César da Silva ( ; ; born July 3, 1976) is a Brazilian retired mixed martial artist. He is nicknamed ""The Axe Murderer"" and ""Cachorro Louco"". Silva is best known for his time in Pride Fighting Championships and the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) promotions. He is the record holder for most wins, knockouts, title defenses, and longest winning streak in PRIDE history. He has a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu and black prajied in Muay Thai. He is known for his aggressive fighting style with the most of his fights ending in either a knockout or referee stoppage because of strikes.
On 22 October 2013, he was announced as a coach for "", where he would compete against his long-time rival Chael Sonnen. Silva was suppose to have a bout with Sonnen, which was briefly attached to UFC 173. and then at The Ultimate Fighter: Brazil 3 Finale was expected to take place on July 5, 2014 at UFC 175. UFC president Dana White would later say that the fight had to be moved back when Silva injured his hand and back during a brawl with Sonnen which happened during the filming of the show. Silva was pulled from the fight entirely because he had failed to submit an application to fight in the state of Nevada, as well as him refusing to undergo a random drug test. Silva was replaced by Vitor Belfort. On June 10, 2014, Chael Sonnen was reported to have failed a drug test and was not allowed to fight on the UFC 175 card, due to his failed drug test, Sonnen announced that he was retiring from the sport the next day.
On September 19, 2014, Silva announced that he was retiring from mixed martial arts.
Lofa County
Lofa County is a county in Liberia.
The county is bordered by Bong County to the south and Gbarpolu County to the west. The northwestern parts of Lofa border the nation of Sierra Leone. The northeastern parts border Guinea. Mount Wuteve, the highest mountain in Liberia, is in the county.
John Mercer Langston
John Mercer Langston (December 14, 1829 – November 15, 1897) was a dean at Howard University. He helped create the department of law at the university.
Langston was born a free black in Virginia. His mother used to be a slave. His father was English. He was elected town clerk in Ohio. This made him the first black person to hold a public office (a job where the people vote for you). In 1888, he was elected to the U.S. Congress. He was the first black congressman from Virginia.
The Michelin Guide (French: "Guide Michelin") is a series of annual guide books published by the French company "Michelin" for over a century. It lists good restaurants and hotels.
The term normally refers to the Michelin Red Guide, the oldest and best-known European hotel and restaurant reference guide. A team of experts gives Michelin stars for excellence to a select few establishments. The gain or loss of a star can have a big effect on the success of a restaurant.
The guides cover western Europe in detail, major cities in the USA, Japan and Hong Kong Macau. "Michelin" was and is a tyre company, and the guides were originally meant to be packed in the car as you went touring through France. That is why they cover hotels as well as restaurants.
Drive Angry is a supernatural 2011 action movie. It stars Amber Heard and Nicolas Cage. The movie is about criminals and fast cars.
The movie got mixed reviews by critics. It made less than its budget.
Shaukat Tarin
Shaukat Tarin or Shaukat Tareen (born 1953) is a senior Pakistani banker. He was Pakistan's finance minister from 2009 to 2010.
Alf Ivar Samuelsen
Alf Ivar Samuelsen (28 February 1942 – 16 September 2014) was a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party. Samuelsen served as Mayor of Flakstad. He served as mayor from 1986 through 1987. Samuelsen was born in Flakstad. He was elected to the Parliament of Norway from Nordland in 2005. He was not re-elected in 2009.
Samuelsen died in a tractor accident on 16 September 2014 in Flakstad. He was 72.
Andriy Husin
Andriy Leonidovych Husin (; 11 December 1972 – 17 September 2014) was a professional Ukrainian football player and coach.
He played in the Ukraine national football team. He was one of Ukraine's most capped players. He was a member of Ukraine's 2006 World Cup Squad, and played several games in the 2006 World Cup.
Husin was killed in a motorcycle crash in Kiev on 17 September 2014.
China Zorrilla
China Zorrilla (, Concepción Matilde Zorrilla de San Martín Muñoz; 14 March 1922 – 17 September 2014) was an Uruguayan theater, movie, and television actress. She was known for her roles in "La maffia", "Esperando la carroza", "Besos en la Frente", "Conversations with Mother", and in "Elsa & Fred".
Zorrilla died on 17 September 2014 from pneumonia in a hospital in Montevideo, Uruguay, aged 92.
Linwood Holton
Abner Linwood Holton, Jr. (born September 21, 1923) is an American and attorney. He served as the 61st Governor of Virginia. He served as governor from 1970 to 1974. He was the first Republican governor since Reconstruction. Holton, Jr. was born in Big Stone Gap, Virginia.
Holton is the father-in-law of United States Senator of Virginia Tim Kaine.
Constitution of Chile
The Political Chilean Constitution () is the main source about the actual structure of the government and laws in Chile. It was approved in a plebiscite in 1980 and effective in 1981. The main editor of the constitutional text was Jaime Guzmán. The original text contains 120 articles, with 29 transitional provisions. It was reformed in 1989, 1991, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007 and the last constitutional reform was made in 2008. Now the actual text contains 129 articles and 21 transitory provisions.
Walter Washington
Walter Edward Washington, (April 15, 1915 – October 27, 2003) was an American politician. He was chief executive of District of Columbia from 1967 to 1979, serving as the first and only Mayor-Commissioner from 1967 to 1974 and as the first home-rule mayor of the District of Columbia from 1974 to 1979. He was the last presidentially-appointed mayor of the District of Columbia.
Frank Nighbor
Julius Francis "Pembroke Peach" Nighbor (January 26, 1893 – April 13, 1966) was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward. In March 2010, at a Quebec auction, an American collector paid $33,000 USD to secure Frank Nighbor's game-worn Ottawa Senators sweater from the 1926–27 season.
He played for the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League (NHL) and National Hockey Association (NHA) and Toronto Maple Leafs of the NHL, Toronto Blueshirts of the NHA and Vancouver Millionaires of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA).
Nighbor died of cancer on April 13, 1966 in Pembroke, Ontario at the age of 73.
Claire Foy
Claire Foy (born 16 April 1984) is an English actress. She played Anna in the 2011 movie "Season of the Witch". She played Kate in the NBC series "Crossbones".
Foy was born in Stockport, Greater Manchester, England. She grew up in Manchester, Leeds and Buckinghamshire.
Mark Messier
Mark John Douglas Messier (; born January 18, 1961) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey centre and a former special assistant to the president and general manager of the New York Rangers. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1979 until 2004. He played for the Edmonton Oilers, New York Rangers, and Vancouver Canucks. He also played in the World Hockey Association (WHA). He was nicknamed "The Moose" because of his aggressiveness and strength.
He is considered to be one of the greatest NHL players of all time that was unable to win an Olympic medal. Messier is listed second on the all-time career lists for regular season points (1887), playoff points (295) and regular season games played (1756). During his career, he was able to win six Stanley Cups, winning it five times the Oilers and one time with the Rangers.
He is the only player to have captained two different professional teams to championships. During his time with New York, he was nicknamed "The Messiah" because of his playoff leadership while there, which helped end a 54-year Stanley Cup drought in 1994. He is a two-time Hart Trophy winner, winning it in 1990 and 1992.
Messier is only one of two players (the other being Wayne Gretzky) to have won the Hart Trophy with more than one team. He was also a one-time Conn Smythe Trophy winner as the most valuable player during the playoffs in 1984. He was named as an NHL All-Star 15 times during his career and was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame on November 12, 2007. On June 30, 2017, he was named an Officer of the Order of Canada by Governor General David Johnston.
Julio Jaramillo
Julio Alfredo Jaramillo Laurido (October 1, 1935 – February 9, 1978) was a famous Ecuadorian singer and recording artist. He performed throughout Latin America. He received great fame for his music of boleros, valses, pasillos, tangos, and rancheras.
Having recorded more than 4,000 songs throughout his career, his most famous song was perhaps "Nuestro Juramento" written by Puerto Rican composer, Benito de Jesús.
Jaramillo died from liver sclerosis at the age of 42 in Guayaquil, Ecuador.
George Hege Hamilton IV (July 19, 1937 – September 17, 2014) was an American country musician. He began performing in the late 1950s as a teen idol, later switching to country music in the early 1960s. He performed for the Grand Ole Opry for nearly 50 years.
Hamilton had a heart attack on September 13, 2014. He later died at Saint Thomas Midtown Hospital in Nashville on September 17.
Keith Anderson
Keith Anderson is an American country music singer. He has made two albums. His "Three Chord Country and American Rock & Roll" album was #1 on the "Billboard Hot Country Songs" chart.
Reeva Steenkamp
Reeva Rebecca Steenkamp (19 August 1983 – 14 February 2013) was a South African model and television personality. At the time of her death, she had been filming her part for the reality television show "Tropika Island of Treasure". The series was filmed in Jamaica. As a model, she had a contract with Capacity Relations. She was also a presenter for FashionTV.
Steenkamp was born in Cape Town and raised in Port Elizabeth. Her parents are Barry Steenkamp, a horse trainer, and his second wife June. She was of Dutch and German ancestry. During her early twenties, she broke her back in a horse riding fall, and had to learn how to walk again. She was a paralegal. She dated rugby union player Francois Hougaard. At the time of her death, Steenkamp was dating Paralympic and Olympic athlete Oscar Pistorius.
Steenkamp was shot dead by her boyfriend Oscar Pistorius on 14 February 2013 in Pretoria. She was 29. Pistorius was arrested and charged with murder. He claims he thought she was an intruder. After a very public trial, Pistorius was charged with culpable homicide on 12 September 2014.
Cassandra Lynn
Cassandra Lynn Hensley (née Jensen; August 15, 1979 – January 15, 2014), better known by her stage name Cassandra Lynn, was an American model. She was best known for work with "Playboy". She was the Playmate of the Month for February 2006.
Lynn was born in Price, Utah and raised in Salt Lake City. She was married Gary Hensley on February 7, 2009. She also had two children; a daughter, Alexis, from a previous relationship, and a son, Devin, with Hensley.
Lynn died on January 15, 2014 at her friend's home in Los Angeles, California, aged 34. She was found by her friend floating in a bathtub. Her death was caused by an accidental overdose of cocaine and alcohol.
Warren County, Missouri
Warren County is a county located in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 32,513. The county is located on the north side of the Missouri River. Its county seat is Warrenton. The county was started on January 5, 1833. It was named for General Joseph Warren, who died in the Battle of Bunker Hill during the American Revolutionary War.
Warren County is part of the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is crossed by Route 94, called the "Missouri Weinstrasse". This is because of the many vineyards from Marthasville east into St. Charles County. Warren County is also part of the Missouri Rhineland, with award-winning wineries located on both sides of the Missouri River.
Debra Paget
Debra Paget (born Debralee Griffin August 19, 1933) is an American actress. She acts in both movies and television. She played Cathy Reno in "Love Me Tender". She also played Lily Becker in "Stars and Stripes Forever".
Paget was born in Denver, Colorado.
Kenny Wheeler
Kenneth Vincent John Wheeler, OC (14 January 1930 – 18 September 2014) was a Canadian composer and trumpet and flugelhorn player. Most of his performances were in jazz, but he was also active in free improvisation and sometimes was into rock music recordings. Wheeler wrote over one hundred compositions and was a skilled arranger for small groups and larger ensembles. Wheeler was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Wheeler died after a short period of frail health at a nursing home in London on 18 September 2014. He was 84 years old.
David Foster Wallace
David Foster Wallace (February 21, 1962 – September 12, 2008) was an American novelist, short story writer, essayist, and professor of English and creative writing. Wallace is widely known for his 1996 novel "Infinite Jest". It was called by "Time" magazine as one of the 100 best English-language novels from 1923 to 2005.
Wallace committed suicide (by hanging) on September 12, 2008, at age 46.
Sacrifice (2014)
Sacrifice (2014) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). It was held on April 27, 2014 at the Impact Zone in Orlando, Florida. It was the ninth Sacrifice event that TNA held and was also the second event in TNA's 2014 pay-per-view schedule.
There were eight matches on the card with three main events. The main events saw Eric Young defeat Magnus to retain the TNA World Heavyweight Championship, Gunner defeat James Storm in "I Quit" match and Bobby Roode defeat Bully Ray in a Tables match.
Sacrifice gained mixed reviews with James Caldwell, from Pro Wrestling Torch, saying "there were probably three or four independent shows this weekend with more star-power in their main events". Caldwell also gave the Bobby Roode-Bully Ray match minus two stars.
Elaine Lee (actress)
Elaine Lee (23 December 1939 – 19 September 2014) was a South African-Australian actress. She was best known for her role as Vera Collins in the 1970s television soap opera "Number 96". She also appeared in the drama series "Heartbreak High" and "Home and Away".
Lee was born in Springs, Transvaal (now Gauteng). She was married to actor Garth Meade. The couple moved from South Africa to Australia so Meade could have a better career in 1970. In 1976, the couple's marriage ended in divorce.
Lee died on 19 September 2014 in Sydney, New South Wales, aged 74.
U. Srinivas