AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan started in 1969, among Kurdish leftist students and intellectuals in Tehran and some Kurdish towns. Since there was no political freedom in Iran, every political organization and even small student circles had to go hiding and to organize underground.Komala was no exception. Like all other opposition organizations of that time, especially the leftist groups of the sixties and seventies, Komala faced severe repression.
During those years many of Komala members and its leadership experienced persecution, torture and imprisonment in the hands of , Shah’s notorious secret police, but Komala could manage to survive and protect the main body of its organization and its growing network of activists. More than 9 years of hard and disciplined work prior to the outbreak of Iranian Revolution of 1978-79, bore its fruit and helped Komala build a strong and cohesive body of cadres among sections of Kurdish society. Komala managed to win over considerable sections of Kurdish students, teachers, intellectuals and young people and develop a significant influence and social base among workers and peasants throughout Kurdistan.
Komala actively participated in the Iranian Revolution and in fact was behind almost every demonstration and popular movement of that period. On March 16, 1979, a few days after the victory of the Revolution, Komala launched an open political party. By this time Komala had already become a major political force in Iranian Kurdistan. The birth of Komala and its rapid growth among large sections of Kurdish society in Iran, apart from its own hard work, discipline and dedication, can be attributed to a combination of social factors during a period of Iran’s transition from a traditional and patriarchal society to a so-called pseudo-modern one.
After a long and heated debate among it's ranks and in public during the 1990s, finally the majority of the Komala Party’s cadres and members decided to a renewal programme to adapt to the new domestic and world developments. Since year 2000, Komala Party has undergone a major overhaul. This move was welcomed by the great majority of people, intellectuals, students, women, civil activists, Komala veteran activists and others.
While preserving its socialist values, Komala fights for Kurdish rights, a democratic secular pluralist federal Iran, social justice, democratic labour laws, the freedom of assembly and organization, political freedoms, democracy, human rights, women’s rights and cultural and religious tolerance.
Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan is an organization which believes in worldwide engagements and memberships to exchange and share viewpoints, policies and values. Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan is currently a consultative member of the International Socialist, a worldwide organization for progressive forces including social democrats, socialists and labor parties to gather under.
Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan is also a member of the German-based Progressive Alliance, an organization with member organizations from social democrats and progressive organizations that believe in both social democracy and social progress.
Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan is a member of Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, UNPO, an international organization aimed at promoting the neglected and marginalized nations. Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan joined UNPO in 2007.
Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan is a member of Iran Transition Council, Congress of Nationalities for a Federal Iran, Solidarity for Freedom and Equality in Iran, the Council of Iranian Democrats. and Cooperation Center for Iranian Kurdistan Political Parties. The Secretary General of Komala, Abdulla Mohtadi, is the Secretariat for Special affairs of ITC and Nahid Bahmani, a leadership member of Komala, is the Secretariat of Ethnic Affairs of ITC.
"Komala has a collective and democratic decision-making system. Since it was founded, it has held 15 congresses in which the representatives discuss any modification or changes to the party’s platform, structure and leadership among others.
The leadership council or the politburo has 5 members and the party is led by a Secretary General. There is a central or executive committee which has 25 members. Women play a major role in decision making and leadership. The leadership council has two female members currently.
1.Rojhelat Women Organization
2.the youth organization of Iranian Kurdistan(komalay lawani RojheLat)
3.International Network of Iranian Kurdistan Human Rights.
4.Zagros
5.Media and Publications
6.Komala Office of International Relations: USA and EU offices"
7. Peshmerga
All This and Heaven Too is a 1940 American romantic drama movie directed by Anatole Litvak and was based on the 1938 novel of the same name by Rachel Field. It stars Bette Davis, Charles Boyer, Barbara O'Neil, June Lockhart, Virginia Weidler, Ann E. Todd, George Coulouris, Montagu Love and was distributed by Warner Bros.. It was nominated for 3 Academy Awards in 1941.
Survival sex
People who are very poor and who cannot even cover their basic needs, such as getting a place where they live, or food, sometimes trade sexual intercourse to cover these needs. This practice is called survival sex. The term is used by sex trade, poverty researchers, and aid workers. Very often, people who engage in survival sex are homeless. Sometimes, survival sex is used to get illegal drugs.
Survival sex is common throughout the world. It has been studied in many countries including the United States, Canada, Mexico, the Philippines, Thailand, New Zealand, Colombia, Kenya, Uganda, and South Africa.
Researchers estimate that of homeless youth in North America, one in three has engaged in survival sex. In one study of homeless youth in Los Angeles, about one-third of females and half of males said they had engaged in survival sex. People who have been homeless for a longer time, who have become victims, or who have become criminals are more likely to engage in survival sex. This is also true for people who have attempted suicide, who are pregnant, or those who have a STI.
Survival sex is common in refugee camps. In Uganda, 1.4 million civilians have been displaced by conflicts between Ugandan government forces and the militant Lord's Resistance Army. Many of them live in refugee camps in northern Uganda. Human Rights Watch reported in 2005 that displaced women and girls in these camps were engaging in survival sex with other camp residents, local defense personnel, and Ugandan government soldiers.
Cynthia (movie)
Cynthia is a 1947 American comedy drama movie directed by Robert Z. Leonard and was based on the 1945 play "The Rich, Full Life" by Viña Delmar. It stars Elizabeth Taylor, George Murphy, S. Z. Sakall, Mary Astor, Gene Lockhart, Spring Byington, Morris Ankrum and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
Geology of Australia
The geology of Australia records over 3.8 billion years of the Earth's history. Australia is a continent on the Indo-Australian Plate. It is immensely old, and has rocks of many different types.
Like its close neighbour, New Guinea, Australia was once part of the southern supercontinent of Gondwanaland. Geologically, they are on the same tectonic plate. When world sea levels were low, the two shared shorelines (which now lie 100 to 140 metres below sea level). They combined with lands now under water, sometimes known as Greater Australia. The two huge countries became separated when the area now known as the Torres Strait flooded after the end of the last glacial period. Big as Australia is, it was much bigger in the past. The end of the last ice age saw sea levels rise, and the old connections were broken.
The main continental blocks of the Australian continent are;
Around them are several Proterozoic volcanic belts and sedimentary basins. The cratons formed the greater Australian landmass in the late Archaean to mesoProterozoic, (~2400 mya to 1,600 mya).
The older, western, two-thirds of the continent is much thicker (over 200 km thick) than the eastern third (about 38 to 59 km thick). The continental crust is mainly made of Archaean, Proterozoic and some Palaeozoic granites and gneisses. A thin veneer of mainly Phanerozoic sedimentary basins cover much of the Australian landmass (these are up to 7 km thick).
Many meteorite craters have been found in Australia, but few have yet been confirmed.
The Earth Impact Database lists 190 confirmed craters, of which Australia has 27. The largest is the Yarrabubba crater in mid Western Australia. Its estimated age is 2.229 billion years ago. It is one of the oldest known impact structures on Earth.
Abdulla Mohtadi
Abdullah Mohtadi (born 1949 in Bukan, Iran) is the leader of Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan. As a politician, he has played prominent role in the Kurdish resistance struggle against the Iranian regime. Abdullah Mohtadi is also a member of the board of Iran's Transitional Council (ITC). In the international media, Abdulla Mohtadi is known as a political analyst of the Middle East, especially ongoing affairs of Iran and Iranian Kurdistan.
As of 2020, Iran is an Islamic republic, where Islamic leaders play an important role. Mohtadi wants to establish a secular state. He has called for democratic reforms. He also called for a society that respects many different opinions; this idea is known as pluralism.
Despite all the efforts to remain in secrecy, in the 1970s, Mohtadi was arrested three times. The last time he was arrested, Abdullah was sentenced to more than three years in imprisonment for his activism against the Shah regime. Since was unable to provide any evidence regarding Mohtadi's political actions, he was released from prison and now, his party should cope with its most important era of the pre-Islamic Revolution Iran. When Ayatollah Khomeini ordered a massive onslaugh in   August 1979, Mohtadi emerged as a leader of the Kurdish resistance movement.
Originator of the Komala Party (1969)
Central Committee of Komala (1979)
Secretary General of Komala (1980)
Secretary General of the Communist Party (1983)
Secretary General of Komala (2000)
Secretary of the Transitional Council Iran (2019)
Basic needs
There have been several classifications of the needs of a person. While these classifications vary, they commonly place the basic needs at the lowest level. Basic needs are those that must be satisfied, to guarantee survival. According to Abraham Maslow these include:
Maslow doesn't clearly say which of these are basic needs.
Absolute poverty has been defined as being unable to satisfy basic needs, or spending most of the income on satisfying those needs.
Soumaïla Cissé
Soumaïla Cissé (20 December 1949 – 25 December 2020) was a Malian politician. He served as the nation's Minister of Finance from 1993 to 2000. He stood three times as a presidential candidate, in 2002, 2013 and 2018. He was defeated in a second round of voting each time. He became president of the Union for the Republic and Democracy, a political party, in 2014.
Cissé was born in Nianfuke, near Timbuktu. He married Astan Traore in 1978. On 26 March 2020, Cissé was taken hostage in the Tombouctou Region by Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin, a militant Islamist group. He was released on 6 October 2020.
In late 2020, Cissé was taken to France for treatment of COVID-19. He died in Paris on 25 December 2020 at the age of 71.
Nepal Nag
Nepal Nag (September 19, 1909 – October 4, 1978) was a Bengali politician, activist and a leader of Communist Party. He was involved in Indian independence movement and Bengali language movement.
Nag was born on 19 September 1909 in Tejgaon, Dhaka. His father's name is Suresh Chandra Nag. In 1923, he joined 'Srisangha' directed by Leela Nag.
He was arrested by the police on April 21, 1932. While in Deuli prison, he was introduced to the communist ideology by the Marxist poet and veteran revolutionary Rebati Varman. After his release, he became a member of the then Communist Party of India.
He represented the East Pakistan Provincial Communist Party at the 1970 World Communist Conference in Moscow. He also represented the Communist Party of East Pakistan at the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of Russia in 1971.
Nag retired from politics in 1982. He died on October 4, 1978 in Kolkata, aged 69.
Homer vs. Patty and Selma
"Homer vs. Patty and Selma" is the 17th episode of the 6th season of "The Simpsons". It was first shown on the Fox network on February 26, 1995.
Weberbauerella chilensis
Weberbauerella chilensis is a Dalbergiae legume species close to W.brogniartiodes; with a prostrate habit and shorter leaflets. This species was found in Pica district.
SD Compostela
SD Compostela is a football club which plays in Spain.
Founded in 1928, Compostela spent the better part of that and the following decades playing professional football. On October 28, 1962, the newly formed SD Compostela merged with the Club Arenal. The decade of the 1970s was irregular. The team played in the Tercera División, in the Regional category and in the new Segunda División B. Its first promotion to a semi-national stage occurred in 1977, with a promotion to Segunda División B (Group 1), which lasted just one season; "Compos" promoted again in 1980, this time lasting six years.
Relegation in 1986 was compounded by off-field controversy surrounding the actions of then president Francisco Steppe. He resigned amid allegations of receipt of payments to throw a game against Pontevedra CF, which would assure the opposition's maintenance in the category. The late 1980s saw a significant restructuring of the club both at board and management levels and, in 1990, Compostela regained third-level status.
The following campaign was to prove the club's most successful to date. On 23 June 1991, a capacity crowd of 8,000 at the "Estadio Municipal Santa Isabel", saw goals from Juanito and Ochoa (two) clinch a 3–1 victory in the final play-off match against CD Badajoz, for a first-ever Segunda División visit.
The move to "Estadio Multiusos de San Lázaro" coincided with the continuing rise in the team's fortunes and, at the end of 1993–94, following a 3–1 play-off victory against Rayo Vallecano, Compostela reached La Liga. Compostela did remarkably well, and reached a best finish of 10th in 1995–96, mainly courtesy of strikers Christopher Ohen and Bent Christensen, whom totalled 23 league goals.
After four seasons at the top, Compostela was relegated after losing a relegation play-off match to Villarreal CF on the away goals rule, despite playing overall attractive football. The club was also about to start a downward spiral; after a relegation to the third level in 2001 the team returned the following year but, in the following campaign, played to a backdrop of off-field distractions, with the players and staff going unpaid for months – a final ninth place was not enough to prevent another relegation, as the club failed to meet the 31 July deadline to settle all wage debts.
Teleostomi
Georgie Glen
Georgie Glen (born 20 April 1956) is a Scottish actress, best known for her stage and television work. Her most notable role is as Hannah More in the 2006 film "Amazing Grace". Other roles she's played include John Ruskin's mother in the TV mini-series, "Desperate Romantics", about the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, and a recurring role in "Heartbeat", as Sgt Jennifer Noakes. She also played History teacher Audrey McFall in the BBC One school-based drama series, "Waterloo Road", a role she played from 2012 to 2015. More recently, Glen's had large roles in the TV shows "Hetty Feather", "Call the Midwife", and "The Crown".
TeamTO
TeamTO is an independent French animation studio that produces TV series and movie projects. It is in Paris. It has a second production facility in Bourg-les-Valence, with offices in Los Angeles, California, U.S., Beijing, China and London, England, United Kingdom. The studio was founded in 2005 by Guillaume Hellouin, Corinne Kouper and Caroline Souris.
Pampas cat
The pampas cat or gato de las pampas ("Leopardus pajeros" or "Leopardus colocolo") is a small wild cat that lives in the Andes mountain range. They live in Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Peru, Uruguay, Brazil, Ecuador, and Colombia. Some scientists think this cat is really three species, "L. colocolo", "L. braccatus", and "L. pajeros". Other scientists think they are all one species.
This cat lives in many kinds of habitats: cloud forests, swamps, scrublands, and grasslands.
This cat mostly eats small rodents such as guinea pigs and mice, but they also catch birds, for example flamingoes. Scientists saw pampas cats going to penguin nests to eat eggs and baby penguins. Farmers say that this cat can kill goats and chickens.
In most of the countries where the pampas cat lives, it is illegal to kill one. The pampas cat is in danger of dying out because humans are using or want to use the land that it lives on for farms. Indigenous people of the South America like the pampas cat because it is a sign of fertility and they believe killing a pampas cat brings bad luck. But the same people also like to have a dead pampas cat's skin or whole body for ceremonies.
This cat's body is 42 to 79 cm long and its tail is another 22 to 33 cm long. It can weigh 3 to 4 kg. Its fur is thick and long. It can be pale yellow to dark gray-brown or dark dull red in color. It can have stripes or spots or not. It almost always has rings on its legs and tail.
The first visual recordings of the pampas cat, a movie and photos, were made in 2006.
Tropicbird
David Proval
David Aaron Proval (born May 20, 1942) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Tony DeVienazo in the Martin Scorsese movie "Mean Streets" (1973) and as Richie Aprile on the HBO crime drama series "The Sopranos".
Proval's other movie credits include "The Monster Squad" (1987), "UHF" (1989), "Innocent Blood" (1992), "The Shawshank Redemption" (1994), "Four Rooms" (1995), "The Phantom" (1996), "Mob Queen" (1998), "The Siege" (1998), "Bookies" (2003) and "Balls of Fury". He has also had roles in television shows such as "Picket Fences", "Boomtown", "Everybody Loves Raymond", "Kojak", "The Equalizer", "Miami Vice", "" and "The West Wing".
Proval was born in Brooklyn, New York City. He is Jewish.
Brian Tyree Henry
Brian Tyree Henry (born March 31, 1982) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Alfred "Paper Boi" Miles in the FX comedy-drama series "Atlanta".
Grosse Ile (Michigan)
Clem Eischen
Clem Eischen (December 24, 1926 – December 7, 2020) was an American middle-distance runner. He competed in the men's 1500 metres at the 1948 Summer Olympics. Eischen was born in Adams County, Nebraska.
Eischen died on December 7, 2020 in Oregon at the age of 93.
Andrzej Tomaszewicz
Andrzej Tomaszewicz (11 March 1943 – 11 December 2020) was a Polish historian and politician. He was a member of the Polish Senate from 1989 to 1991. Tomaszewicz was born in Piotrków Trybunalski, Poland. He was a member of the Solidarity Citizens' Committee.
Tomaszewicz died on 11 December 2020 in Sieradz, Poland at the age of 77.
Bill Holm (art historian)
Bill Holm (24 March 1925 – 16 December 2020) was an American art historian and author. He was born in Roundup, Montana.
Many of his works focused on Indigenous Northwest Coast art. He was Professor Emeritus of Art History, and Curator Emeritus of Northwest Coast Indian Art at the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture. He was a professor at the University of Washington in Seattle.
Holm died on 16 December 2020 at the age of 95.
Trace radioisotope
A trace radioisotope is a radioactive isotope of an element which exists naturally in tiny amounts (i.e. traces). Generally speaking, trace radioisotopes have half-lives much shorter than the age of the Earth.
Trace radioisotopes occur in the atmosphere and the crust of the Earth. They are constantly produced by natural processes such as cosmic ray fission: high-energy cosmic ray striking atoms and causing them to split into smaller nuclei).
Another mechanism is neutron capture in uranium ores causing the production of nuclei such as uranium-236 and plutonium-239, which are both radioactive isotopes. Spontaneous fission and alpha decay of heavy nuclei such as thorium and uranium also produce radioisotopes in traces as their intermediate decay products.
Bill Sveinson
William Martin Sveinson (July 7, 1946 – December 17, 2020) was a Canadian professional poker player and politician. Sveinson was a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) in Saskatchewan from 1982 to 1986. He was a member of the Saskatchewan Liberal Party. Sveinson was born in Wadena, Saskatchewan.
Sveinson died on December 17, 2020 in Edmonton, Alberta at the age of 74.
Roger Berlind
Roger Stuart Berlind (June 27, 1930December 18, 2020) was an American theatre producer and businessman. Berlind was born in New York City. He worked for Lehman Brothers. Berlind won fifteen Tony Awards for many of his stage productions. He produced "Amadeus", "The Book of Mormon" and "Guys and Dolls".
Berlind died in New York City on December 18, 2020 of cardiopulmonary arrest at the age of 90.
River Great Ouse
The River Great Ouse () is a river in the England. It is the longest of several British rivers called "Ouse".
From Syresham in central England, the Great Ouse flows into East Anglia. It goes into the Wash, a bay of the North Sea.
Its course is , mostly flowing north and east. It is the fifth longest river in the United Kingdom. The Great Ouse was important for commercial navigation, and for draining the low-lying region through which it flows.
Its best-known tributary is the Cam, which runs through Cambridge. Its lower course passes through drained wetlands and fens. It has been extensively modified to relieve flooding and provide a better route for barge traffic. It now enters the Wash after passing through the port of King's Lynn.
Tank (movie)
Charlie Brooker (ice hockey)
Charles Brooker (March 25, 1932 – December 18, 2020) was a Canadian ice hockey player. He competed in the 1956 Winter Olympics. Brooker was a member of the Kitchener-Waterloo Dutchmen. He won the bronze medal for Canada in 1956 Winter Olympics.
Brooker died on 18 December 2020 at the age of 88.
Joan Dougherty
Joan Dougherty (March 2, 1927 – December 18, 2020) was a Canadian politician. He was born in Montreal. He represented Jacques-Cartier in the National Assembly of Quebec from 1981 to 1987. Dougherty was born in Montreal, Quebec.
Dougherty died on December 18, 2020 in Montreal from COVID-19 at the age of 93.
John Ahern (politician)
John Ahern (December 4, 1934 – December 19, 2020) was an American politician. He was a member of the Republican Party. Ahern was a member of the Washington House of Representatives, representing the 6th district from 2001 to 2009 and 2011 to 2013. Ahern was born in Havre, Montana.
Ahern died on December 19, 2020 in Spokane, Washington at the age of 86.
The Christmas Oratorio () is a musical composition written by Johann Sebastian Bach. It tells the story of the birth of Jesus, based on the gospels of Matthew and Luke.
Before Bach wrote the "Christmas Oratorio", he already wrote some cantatas for the Christmas season.
The oratorio was written in 1734. It was written for the Christmas season of that year. It was first performed in the Thomaskirche and Nikolaikirche, Leipzig.
The oratorio has 6 parts. Each part is performed for a certain day in the Christmas season. Some of the music is based from Bach's other works.
In his German-language church music, Bach uses Lutheran chorale melodies.
Part I is written for Christmas Day (December 25). The words tell the story of the birth of Jesus.
The instruments used in part I are 3 trumpets, timpani, 2 flutes, 2 oboes (each player also plays an oboe d'amore), 2 violins, viola, and the basso continuo.
Part II is written for the second day of Christmas (December 26).
The instruments used in part II are 2 flutes, 2 oboes d'amore, 2 oboes da caccia, 2 violins, viola, and the basso continuo.
Part III is written for the third day of Christmas (December 27).
The instruments used in part III are the same as part I.
Part IV is written for New Year's Day (January 1).
The instruments used in part II are 2 horns, 2 oboes, 2 violins, viola, and the basso continuo.
Part V is written for the Sunday after New Year's Day.
The instruments used in part II are 2 oboes d'amore, 2 violins, viola, and the basso continuo.
Part VI is written for the holiday of Epiphany.
The instruments used in part VI are the same as part I.
Net run rate
Net run rate (NRR) is a number used in cricket to decide which of two teams is better, if both teams are equal on points gotten from winning games during a competition (i.e. they may have won and lost an equal number of games during a World Cup). It is calculated using the difference between the number of runs scored by a team and its opponents, while dividing each of these by the number of legal deliveries (in batches of 6 i.e. the number of overs) that team and its opponents have each batted throughout all of the games involving that team in the competition. This calculation does not look at how many times each team's batsmen have gotten out, so it gives teams that score many runs very quickly an advantage even if they have more batsmen get out than their opponents.
As an example, if a team wins a game 300 runs to 200, with it having batted 200 legal deliveries (33.2 overs, meaning 33 overs and 2 deliveries, or 33 overs plus a third of an over) and its opponents having batted 185 legal deliveries (30.5 overs), then the team's Net Run Rate during that game is (6*((300/200)-(200/185)))= 2.51.
Hermina Pipinić
Hermina Pipinić (1 May 1928 – 19 December 2020) was a Croatian actress. Her career began at the First Drama Theatre in Zagreb in 1948. She retired in 1997. She was born in Zagreb. Pipinić was known for her roles in "Square of Violence", "La steppa" and "Old Surehand".
Pipinić died in Zagreb on 19 December 2020 at the age of 92.
Eileen Pollock
Eileen Pollock (18 May 1947 – 19 December 2020) was a Northern Irish actress. She was known for her role as Lilo Lil in television series "Bread". Pollock was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her career lasted from 1982 until her retirement in 2019.
Pollock died on 19 December 2020 in London at the age of 73.
Raymon Anning
Raymon Harry Anning (Chinese: 顏理國, 22 July 1930 – 20 December 2020) was a British police officer and civil servant. He was the Commissioner of Police of Hong Kong. In the early 1970s, he was a commander of the Metropolitan Police in Greater London. He was Hong Kong Police commissioner from 1985 to 1989.
Anning died on 20 December 2020 at the age of 90.
Romolo Tavoni
Romolo Tavoni (30 January 1926 – 20 December 2020) was an Italian sports executive. He directed the racing team Scuderia Ferrari during the 1959 Formula One season. He was born in Formigine, Kingdom of Italy.
Tavoni died on 20 December 2020 at the age of 94.
Richard Vande Hoef
Richard Peter Vande Hoef (May 15, 1925 – December 20, 2020) was an American politician. Vande Hoef was born in Boyden, Iowa. He was a member of the Iowa Senate from 1981 to 1993 and State House of Representatives from 1993 to 1999. Vande Hoef was a member of the Republican Party.
Vande Hoef died on December 20, 2020 in Sibley, Iowa at the age of 95.
Tadeusz Górczyk
Tadeusz Górczyk (16 October 1961 – 21 December 2020) was a Polish politician. He was a member of the Sejm from 1991 to 1993. He was a member of the Centre Agreement. Górczyk was born in Jasło, Poland.
Górczyk died on 21 December 2020 at the age of 59.
Hamish McLachlan (rower)
Hamish McLachlan (27 July 1967 – 21 December 2020) was an Australian rower. He competed at the rowing event at the 1988 Summer Olympics, finishing fifth. He later worked in the stock market in Australia.
In 2004, McLachlan went to jail for nine years for stock market fraud.
McLachlan died on 21 December 2020 at the age of 53.
Arkady Andreasyan
Arkady Georgievich Andreasyan (, ; 11 August 1947 – 23 December 2020) was a Soviet Armenian football player and manager.
He played as midfielder for Ararat Yerevan in most of his club career and for the Soviet Union national football team. He won bronze at the 1972 Summer Olympics with the national team.
He was the manager of Ararat Yerevan.
Pero Kvrgić
Pero Kvrgić (4 March 1927 − 23 December 2020) was a Croatian actor.
Kvrgić was born in Srpske Moravice. He co-founded the Gavella Drama Theatre in 1953. He retired in 1988.
His play "Stilske vježbe", a Croatian version of "Exercises in Style", is well known and has been produced since 1970.
Lonnie Laffen
Lonnie Laffen (July 16, 1958 – December 23, 2020) was an American politician. He was a member of the North Dakota Senate from the 43rd District from 2010 to 2018. He was a member of the Republican party. Laffen was born in Wimbledon, North Dakota.
Laffen died of a heart attack on December 23, 2020, in Grand Forks, North Dakota at age 62.
Mićo Mićić
Mićo Mićić (6 September 1956 – 23 December 2020) was a Bosnian Serb politician. He was mayor of Bijeljina from 2004 until his death in 2020. He was a member of the Serb Democratic Party. Mićić was born in Bijeljina.
Mićić died on 23 December 2020 at a hospital in Bijeljina from COVID-19 at the age of 64.
Frankie Randall
Frankie Billy Randall (September 25, 1961 – December 23, 2020) was an American professional boxer. He competed from 1983 to 2005. He was a three-time light welterweight world champion, having held the WBA, WBC, and lineal titles between 1994 and 1997. He was born in Birmingham, Alabama.
Randall died on December 23, 2020 in Birmingham at the age of 59.
Sugathakumari
Sugathakumari (22 January 1934 – 23 December 2020) was an Indian poet and activist. She was an important person in the environmentalist and feminist movements in Kerala, South India.
She was the founder secretary of the Prakrithi Samrakshana Samithi, an organization for the protection of nature and a day-care center for the mentally ill.
She chaired the Kerala State Women's Commission.
Sugathakumari died on 23 December 2020 from bronchopneumonia caused by COVID-19 at a hospital in Thiruvananthapuram at the age of 86.
K. J. Yesudas
Kattassery Joseph Yesudas (born 10 January 1940) is an Indian playback singer, actor and musician. He sings Indian classical and cinematic songs. Yesudas has recorded more than 50,000 songs.
Ron Widby
George Ronald Widby (March 9, 1945 – December 23, 2020) was an American football punter in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys and Green Bay Packers. Widby was born in Knoxville, Tennessee. Widby won the Super Bowl in 1972.
Widby died on December 23, 2020 at the age of 75.
Rika Zaraï
Rika Zaraï (; 19 February 1938 – 23 December 2020) was an Israeli singer-songwriter. She was best known for making classic Israeli songs popular in Europe such as "Hava Nagila", "Yerushalayim shel zahav" and "Hallelujah".
In June 2008, Zaraï suffered from a paralytic stroke. She died on 23 December 2020 in Paris, aged 82.
Michael Alig
Michael Alig (April 29, 1966 – December 25, 2020) was an American nightclub promoter and convicted felon. He was one of the ringleaders of the Club Kids.
In March 1996, Alig and his roommate, Robert D. "Freeze" Riggs, killed fellow Club Kid Andre "Angel" Melendez over a drug debt. In October 1997, Alig pled guilty to first-degree manslaughter. Both men were sentenced to 10 to 20 years in prison. Alig was released on May 5, 2014.
On December 25, 2020, Alig was found dead by his partner at their Manhattan, New York City home after overdosing on heroin, aged 54.
Fairport, New York
Fairport is a village located in the Town of Perinton, which is part of Monroe County, New York. Fairport is a suburb east of Rochester. In 2005 it was named as one of the "Best Places to Live" by "Money Magazine". About 5,353 people lived here since the 2010 census.
Perinton, New York
Perinton (originally Perrinton (in federal censuses) and sometimes Perrington when still part of Ontario County) is a town in Monroe County, New York, United States. About 46,462 people lived here since the 2010 census.
Ivan Havrylovich Bogdan (; February 29, 1928 – December 25, 2020) was an Ukrainian wrestler. He was born in Dmytro-Bilivka, Ukrainian SSR. He won an Olympic gold medal in 1960. He won gold medals at the 1958 and 1961 World Wrestling Championships.
Bogdan died on December 25, 2020 at the age of 92.
Shamsur Rahman Faruqi
Shamsur Rahman Faruqi (30 September 1935 – 25 December 2020) was an Indian poet and an Urdu critic and theorist. He used criticism found in Western literature and added them to Urdu literature.
Faruqi died on 25 December 2020 in Allahabad from Covid-19 at the age of 85.
Robin Jackman
Robin David Jackman (13 August 1945 – 25 December 2020) was an Indian-born cricketer. He played in four Test matches and 15 One Day Internationals for the England cricket team between 1974 and 1983. He was a member of the Surrey side that won the County Championship in 1971, and also played for Western Province in South Africa in 1971–72, and for Rhodesia between 1972–73 and 1979–80.
Jackman died at his home in Cape Town on 25 December 2020 at the age of 75.
Jamal Khwaja
Jamal Khwaja (12 August 1926 – 25 December 2020) was an Indian philosopher and politician. He was born in New Delhi. Khwaja was a member of the Indian National Congress. Khwaja was a member of the Lok Sabha from 1957 to 1962.
Khwaja died on 25 December 2020 in New Delhi at the age of 94.
Anil Nedumangad
Anil Nedumangad (also known as P. Anil; 30 May 1972 – 25 December 2020) was an Indian actor and television news anchor. His career began in 2014. Nedumangad was born in Nedumangad, Kerala. He was known for his roles in "Ayyappanum Koshiyum", "Kammatipaadam", "Kismath", "Paavada" and "Porinju Mariam Jose".
Nedumangad drowned at a dam near Thodupuzha, Kerala on 25 December 2020 at the age of 48.
Maksim Tsyhalka
Maksim Tsyhalka (, , "Maksim Tsygalko"; often spelled Maxim Tsigalko; 27 May 1983 – 25 December 2020) was a Belarusian footballer. He made two appearances for the national team in 2003. From 2001 to 2005, he was known for playing for FC Dinamo Minsk.
Tsyhalka died on 25 December 2020 at the age of 37.
Joyce Bulifant
Joachim Bäse
Joachim Bäse (2 September 1939 – 22 December 2020) was a German football player. He was born in Braunschweig. He played ten seasons in the Bundesliga with Eintracht Braunschweig.
He also played for Germany once in 1968.
Bäse died on 22 December 2020, aged 81.
Wojciech Borowik
Wojciech Borowik (24 June 1956 – 22 December 2020) was a Polish politician. He was a member of the Sejm from 1993 to 1997. Borowik was a member of the Labour Union Party.
Borowik died at age 64 on 22 December 2020, from COVID-19, during the pandemic in Poland.
Claude Brasseur
Claude Brasseur (15 June 1936 – 22 December 2020) was a French actor.
From the late 1950s until two years before his death, Brasseur appeared in 150 movies and television productions. He was known for his role as Arthur in Jean-Luc Godard's "Bande à part" (1964). Brasseur played the lead role in the early 1970s historical crime television series "The New Adventures of Vidocq".
Brasseur died on 22 December 2020 in Paris, at the age of 84.
Norma Cappagli
Norma Gladys Cappagli (20 September 1939 – 22 December 2020) was an Argentine model and beauty queen. She won the 1960 Miss World contest, after being crowned Miss Argentina World 1960. She was the first model from Argentina to win the title. She was born in Buenos Aires.
On 17 December 2020, Cappagli was hospitalized under critical condition after being hit by a bus in Buenos Aires. She died from her injuries five days later on 22 December, aged 81.
Edmund M. Clarke
Edmund Melson Clarke, Jr. (July 27, 1945 – December 22, 2020) was an American computer scientist and academic. He created model checking. He was the FORE Systems Professor of Computer Science Emeritus at Carnegie Mellon University. He won the Turing Award in 2007. Clarke was born in Newport News, Virginia.
In 2005, he became a member of the National Academy of Engineering. In 2011, Clarke became a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Clarke died of COVID-19 on December 22, 2020 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania at the age of 75.
Ed Gomes
Edwin A. Gomes (February 25, 1936 – December 22, 2020) was an American politician. He was a member of the Connecticut State Senate from 2015 until 2019. Before that, he was a member of the state senate from November 2005 to January 2013. Gomes was a member of the Democratic Party. Gomes was born in New Bedford, Massachusetts.
Gomes died on December 22, 2020 in Bridgeport, Connecticut from injuries caused by a car crash, aged 84.
Darul Uloom Deoband
Darul Uloom Deoband is an Islamic university in India. It is the birth place of Sunni Deobandi Islamic movement. It is located in Deoband, a town in Saharanpur district, Uttar Pradesh. It was founded in 1866 by Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi.
Darul Uloom Deoband was established on 31 May 1866 by Muhammad Qasim Nanotawi and other scholars in his circle. The founders include Sayyid Muhammad Abid, Mehtab Ali and Nehal Ahmad (brother-in-law of Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi).
Mahmud Deobandi was appointed as the first teacher, and Mahmud Hasan Deobandi was the first student who enrolled in the seminary.
It played an important role in the Indian independence movement. It opposed the Two-state solution proposed by All-India Muslim League.
Paul Loridant
Paul Loridant (22 April 1948 – 22 December 2020) was a French politician. He was a member of the Socialist Party. From 1977 to 2008, he was Mayor of Les Ulis. From 1986 until 2004, Loridant was a member of the French Senate. Loridant was born in Ille-sur-Têt, France.
Loridant died on 22 December 2020 in Villejuif, France at the age of 72.
Les Ulis
Ille-sur-Têt
Ille-sur-Têt (Catalan: "Illa" or "Illa de Tet") is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales département in southern France.
Oppo Reno4 Lite
Oppo Reno4 Lite - smartphones, developed by the company Oppo, included in the Reno series and is a simplified version of the Oppo Reno4. It was presented on 28 September 2020. In the India the smartphone was introduced on September 2, 2020 under the name Oppo F17 Pro. 1 October 2020 was presented Oppo A93, which is a similar model to the Oppo Reno4 Lite in addition to battery capacity and charging speed. 10 October 2020 Oppo A93 was presented in Indonesia called Oppo Reno 4 F.
Ron Lurie
Ronald Philip Lurie (January 23, 1941 – December 22, 2020) was an American businessman and politician. He was the mayor of Las Vegas, Nevada from 1987 to 1991. Lurie was a member of the Democratic Party. Lurie was born in Los Angeles, California.
Lurie, who had blood cancer, died under hospice care in Las Vegas from COVID-19 on December 22, 2020 at the age of 79.
Muhammad Mustafa Mero
Muhammad Mustafa Mero () (1941 – 22 December 2020) was a Syrian politician. He was Prime Minister of Syria from 7 March 2000 to 10 September 2003. Mero was a member of the Ba'ath Party. He was born in Al Tall, Syria.
Mero died in Al-Tall at age 79 on 22 December 2020, from COVID-19, during the pandemic in Syria.
Özkan Sümer
Özkan Sümer (20 November 194022 December 2020) was a Turkish footballer and coach. He played as defender in Trabzonspor, Galatasaray SK, and the Turkey national football team. His playing career lasted from 1967 to 1970. His managing career lasted from 1978 to 2001.
Sümer died on 22 December 2020 in Trabzon, Turkey at the age of 80.
Rubén Tierrablanca Gonzalez
Rubén Tierrablanca González (24 August 1952 – 23 December 2020) was a Mexican-born Turkish Roman Catholic bishop. Tierrablanca González was born in Guanajuato, Mexico. He became a priest in 1978. He was titular bishop of "Tubernuca" and as Vicar Apostolic of Apostolic Vicariate of Istanbul and Apostolic Administrator of Greek Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Istanbul, from 2016 until his death in office in 2020.
Tierrablanca Gonzalez died in Istanbul, Turkey at age 68, from COVID-19 in Istanbul, Turkey.
Magnon
A magnon in physics is a quasiparticle with magnetic properties. It is not a thing which exists on its own in free space but exists only within the structure being studied usually a crystalline solid.
Each atom in a solid has a magnetic field generated by its electrons as they spin. If these spins all align then the solid becomes magnetic at the bulk everyday level. Usually they do not align and the magnetic field of individual atoms cancel each other out.
Individual atoms can have their spin reversed by interaction with energy from elsewhere. A spin reversal itself can influence the spin of the electrons in neighbouring atoms. A wave of change in electron spins can then move through the electrons in the crystal lattice as it dissipates like waves on a pool of water. Since the electrons are very small and governed by quantum mechanics, this wave, can be treated as though it is a number of particle like entities. These are magnetic quasi particles or magnons.
Tuck Tucker
William Osborne "Tuck" Tucker III (August 20, 1961 – December 22, 2020) was an American writer, artist, animator, songwriter, and director. He was born in Lynchburg, Virginia. He was known for having worked on "SpongeBob SquarePants", "The Simpsons" and "Hey Arnold!".
Tucker died in California on December 22, 2020 at the age of 59.
Antonio Vacca
Antonio Vacca (8 August 1934 – 22 December 2020) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop. He became a priest in 1957. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Alghero-Bosa, Italy, from 1994 to 2006.
Vacca died of throat cancer on 22 December 2020 at the age of 86.
Mouloud Achour
Mouloud Achour (19 March 1944 – 24 December 2020) was an Algerian writer, professor, and journalist.
Achour was a member and then chairman of the executive council of the Public Establishment of Television. He also directed the cabinet for the Ministry of Communications. He was editorial director of Casbah Éditions in Algiers.
Achour died on 24 December 2020 at the age of 76.
National Assembly (Mali)
The National Assembly of Mali is the unicameral country's legislative body of 147 voting members.
Members of the National Assembly, called deputies, are elected by direct universal suffrage for a five-year term.
Mohamad Aziz
Mohamad bin Aziz (29 July 1940 – 24 December 2020) was a Malaysian politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Malaysia for the Sri Gading constituency in the state of Johor from 1999 to 2013. He was a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) party. Aziz was born in Batu Pahat, Johor.
Aziz died on 24 December 2020 at the age of 80.
Rosario Cordero
Maria Rosario Cordero Martin (13 August 1966 – 24 December 2020) was a Spanish politician. She was a member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party. Cordero was born in Cáceres, Spain. From 2015 until her death, she was President of the Province of Cáceres. From 2003 until her death, Cordero was Mayor of Romangordo.
Cordero died on 24 December 2020 in Romangordo, Spain from colorectal cancer, aged 54.
Ivry Gitlis (;‎ 25 August 1922 – 24 December 2020) was an Israeli violinist. He performed with the world's top orchestras, including the London Philharmonic, New York Philharmonic, Berlin Philharmonic, Vienna Philharmonic, Philadelphia Orchestra, and Israel Philharmonic Orchestra. Gitlis was born in Haifa, Palestine Mandate.
Gitlis died on 24 December 2020 in Paris at the age of 98.
Yehuda Henkin
Rabbi Yehuda Herzl Henkin (1945 – December 24, 2020) was an Israeli rabbi and modern orthodox posek. He was born in Jerusalem. Henkin was the founder and head of Nishmat, the Institute for Advanced Jewish Studies for Women.
Henkin died in Jerusalem on December 24, 2020 at the age of 75.
Thoriq Husler
Thoriq Husler (19 April 1963 – 24 December 2020) was an Indonesian politician. He was born in Palopo, Indonesia. He was the Regent of the East Luwu Regency from 2016 until his death.
Husler died on 24 December 2020 in Makassar, Indonesia from COVID-19 at the age of 57.
AKM Jahangir Hossain
AKM Jahangir Hossain (1954 – 24 December 2020) was a Bangladeshi Bangladesh Awami League politician. He was a member of the Jatiya Sangsad from 1991 to 1995, 1996 to 2006 and from 2014 to 2018. From 1998 to 2001, he was Minister of Textiles and Jute.
Hossain died on 24 December 2020 at a Dhaka hospital from COVID-19 at the age of 66.
Milorad Janković
Milorad Janković (10 August 1940 – 24 December 2020) was a Yugoslav footballer. He played at both professional and international levels as a striker. He played club football for Radnički Niš between 1964 and 1974, and made one appearance for Yugoslavia in 1966.
Janković died on 24 December 2020 at the age of 80.
Aleksandar Ivoš
Aleksandar Ivoš (Serbian Cyrillic: Александар Ивош; 28 June 1931 – 24 December 2020) was a Serbian footballer. In 1962, he made three appearances for the Yugoslavia national football team.
Ivoš started his football career in neighbouring FK Loznica before moving to FK Mačva Šabac in 1951. He played for FK Sloboda Tuzla before moving abroad to play in Austria and Belgium. He played with Wiener Sport-Club.
B. J. Marsh
B.J. Marsh (February 21, 1940 – December 24, 2020) was an American politician and businessman. He was a member of the Missouri House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and 1988 to 1992. He was a member of the Republican Party. Marsh was born in Dade County, Missouri.
Marsh died on December 24, 2020 in Springfield, Missouri from problems caused by COVID-19. He was 80 years old.
Greenfield, Missouri
Greenfield is a city in Dade County, Missouri, United States. 1,371 people lived here at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Dade County.
Pir Noor Muhammad Shah Jeelani
Pir Noor Muhammad Shah Jeelani (; 15 September 1951 – 24 December 2020) was a Pakistani politician. He was a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from August 2018 until his death. He was also a member of the assembly from June 2013 to May 2018. Jeelani was a member of the Pakistan Peoples Party.
Jeelani died in Karachi on 24 December 2020, at age 66, from COVID-19, during the pandemic in Pakistan.
Irawaddy frog
The Irawaddy frog (""Hylarana" margariana") is a frog from Myanmar.
Scientists are not sure which genus this frog should be in. That is why they write "Hylarana" in quotation marks instead of just "Hylarana margariana".
Benhur Salimbangon
Benhur L. Salimbangon (June 3, 1945 – December 24, 2020) was a Filipino politician. He was a member of KAMPI and the One Cebu party. Salimbangon was a member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from 2007 until 2019. He was born in Cebu City.
Salimbangon died on 24 December 2020 in Cebu City from cancer, aged 75.
Mojmir Sepe
Mojmir Sepe (11 July 1930 – 24 December 2020) was a Slovenian composer, conductor, arranger and trumpeter. His career began in 1950. Sepe was born in Jazbina, Črna na Koroškem, Kingdom of Yugoslavia. He composed two Eurovision songs: "Brez besed" (1966) and "Pridi, dala ti bom cvet" (1970).
Sepe died on 24 December 2020 at the age of 90.
Felis attica
Felis attica is a wild cat in the Felinae subfamily. It is extinct.
Scientists say "Felis attica" lived about nine million years ago. It was about the size of a bobcat and looked a little like a lynx. It may have been the ancestor of the African wildcat and of dimestic cats today.
Guy N. Smith
Guy Newman Smith (21 November 1939 – 24 December 2020) was an English writer. He wrote pulp fiction-style horror. He also wrote non-fiction, softcore pornography, and children's literature. Smith was born in Hopwas, Staffordshire. He wrote the novel versions of many Disney animated movies.
Smith died on December 24, 2020 at the age of 81.
Davie Sneddon
David Sneddon MBE (24 April 1936 – 24 December 2020) was a Scottish football player and manager. He managed Kilmarnock to their 1979 Tennent Caledonian Cup victory. Sneddon played once for the Scotland national under-23 football team in 1958.
He was awarded an MBE in 2014.
Sneddon died on 24 December 2020 at the age of 84.
Minoru Makihara
Minoru Makihara (January 12, 1930December 13, 2020) was a British-born Japanese business executive. He was the chief executive of the Mitsubishi Corporation from 1992 to 1998 and chairman from 1998 to 2004. He was born in London.
Makihara died on December 13, 2020 in Tokyo from heart failure at the age of 90.
John Cremona
John Joseph Cremona (January 6, 1918 – December 24, 2020) was a Maltese politician and lawyer. He was the Attorney General of Malta during independence talks in 1964. He helped write the Constitution of Malta. He was the chief justice of Malta from 1971 to 1981.
Cremona died at the age of 102 on December 24, 2020.
Siv Widerberg