AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Wolf’s true greatness lies in his Lieder. Although he tried at times to write larger musical works, his real genius lay in writing the smaller forms. He had a great feel for poetry and it is expressed beautifully in many ways: in the late-Romantic harmony which is often very chromatic, in the very original way he writes the piano accompaniments, and in the clever way in which he organizes his songs into groups with connecting themes. His most famous collections are "Mörike-Lieder" (1888), "Eichendorff-Lieder" (1889), "Goethe-Lieder" (1890), "Spanisches Liederbuch" (1891), "Italienisches Liederbuch" (1892, 1896) and "Michelangelo Lieder" (1897).
Wolf wrote hundreds of Lieder, three operas, incidental music, choral music, as well as some rarely-heard orchestral, chamber and piano music. His most famous instrumental piece is the "Italian Serenade" (1887), originally for string quartet and later arranged for orchestra.
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Rosé Quartet
The Rosé Quartet was a string quartet formed by Arnold Rosé in 1882.
The group played together for 55 years, until 1938. Arnold Rosé was the first violin for the whole of that time, but the other members changed. Julius Egghard played the second violin at first; then it was Albert Bachrich, until 1905 when Paul Fischer joined. The viola player was Anton Loh, then Hugo von Steiner until 1901, then Anton Ruzitska; after 1920, Max Handl played the viola. Eduard Rosé, Arnold’s brother, was the cellist at first, but left after one season he left to get married and was replaced by Reinhold Hummer. The next cellist was Friedrich Buxbaum; cellist Anton Walter joined in 1921, but later on Buxbaum took over once more.
The group were particularly famous between 1905 and 1920, with Rosé, Fischer, Ruzitska, and Buxbaum. They were known for their great performances of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven, but also some more modern composers including Arnold Schoenberg.
The group often gave the first Vienna performances of works by Brahms, including his Clarinet Quintet and his Quintet in G major Opus 111. It also gave the first performance of Schoenberg's first and second string quartets and the sextet "Verklärte Nacht" in which they were joined by two other members of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra: Franz Jelinek, viola, and Franz Schmidt, cello.
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Gothic fiction
Gothic fiction is a genre of literature which combines parts of both horror and romance. The genre is said to have started in England in 1764 with Horace Walpole's book "The Castle of Otranto". "The Castle of Otranto"'s second edition was subtitled "A Gothic Story". The idea quickly spread to other European languages.
A famous early example of gothic fiction is "Frankenstein" by Mary Shelley, in the early 19th Century. Edgar Allen Poe's work and Bram Stoker's "Dracula" were written later.
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The University of Tennessee also operates the following associated institutions:
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Betta splendens is a species of freshwater fish in the genus "Betta". Bettas are also called betta fish or Siamese fighting fish. They are called Siamese fighting fish because people used to make them fight each other. "Betta splendens" are native to Thailand. They are a popular aquarium fish species. They are known for their interesting behavior, bright colors, and ability to breath air.
In the wild, bettas live in rice paddies, canals, and small rivers.
"Betta splendens" is listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. This means that "Betta splendens" may become endangered soon.
Males are more colorful and usually have larger fins than the females. There are many color patterns and fin types of "Betta splendens". Female bettas have a more pointy shape at their stomachs.
"Betta splendens" can be up to 6.5 centimeters long.
The Siamese fighting fish has been bred to have large and colorful fins. Wild "Betta splendens" do not have bright colors. Bettas are a popular aquarium fish. They are known for their interesting behavior and ability to breath air.
A popular fin type is the veiltail, which has long droopy fins that look like a dress. Red and blue are the most common colors in betta fish. Some people think that white, black, and green bettas are rare.
If betta fish are kept in a small area, the males will fight each other. Bettas will also nip (bite) the fins of some fish.
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"Through the Fire and Flames" is the first single from the British power metal band DragonForce. The song is the first one from DragonForce’s third album, "Inhuman Rampage". It features two quick guitar solos by Herman Li and Sam Totman. It was released on August 3, 2006.
During the recording of the song, guitarist Herman Li broke one of his guitar strings. The band chose to keep this recording and left it on the final album version. The album version was recorded in sections and put together to make the final song.
The song was used in DragonForce's first music video. The length of the song was cut to 5 minutes and 1 second for the video.
This song appears in two Guitar Hero games, Guitar Hero III and . In Guitar Hero 3, it was unlocked after the player finished the game.
East Asian calligraphy
The East Asian tradition of calligraphy originated and developed in China. The countries that use East Asian calligraphy are China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam.
In calligraphy, paper, ink, brush, ink stone, paperweight, and a desk pad are used.
The special paper used for calligraphy, is made of rice, paper mulberries, bamboo, hemp, etc.
The ink is made from soot and binders. It comes in sticks, and must be rubbed with water on an ink stone. Pre-mixed bottle inks are now available. Pre-mixed bottle inks are for practicing.
The body of the brush can be made of bamboo, or rare materials like red sandalwood, glass, ivory, silver and gold. The head of the brush is made of the hair of animals, like the wolf, rabbit, deer, chicken, duck, goat, pig and tiger, etc.
The ink stone is used to rub the solid ink stick into liquid ink.
They are used to weigh down paper. Paperweights come in several types, and they are collectible works of art.
The desk pad is a pad made out of felt. Students use these desk pads, which are printed with grids on both sides. When placed under the paper, the grid helps to make the words the right size, and ensures correct placement.
Almost all traditionally educated men (and sometimes women) in East Asia are good in calligraphy. The most famous are:
There are several word styles in calligraphy. Some of them are; Seal Script (often called small seal script), Clerical Script (sometimes called official, draft or scribal script), Semi-cursive Script (also called running script), Cursive Script (sometimes called grass script), Regular Script (often called ‘standard script’), Edomoji, Munjado, and Kao.
Washington Nationals
The Washington Nationals are the professional baseball team based in Washington, D.C., United States. They compete in Major League Baseball (MLB). The Nationals are a member of the Eastern Division of the National League. They are called "The Nats" for short.
From 2005 to 2007, the Nationals played in Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium. The team now plays in Nationals Park, which is in Washington, D.C. along the Anacostia River.
The franchise was founded in 1969 and at that time they played in Montreal, Quebec as the Montreal Expos. They were the first MLB team in Canada and were the only such team until the Toronto Blue Jays began to play in 1977. There was a strong rivalry between these two teams. Since the Expos moved to Washington in 2004, the Blue Jays are now the only team outside the United States.
The Nationals played in their first World Series games in 2019 against the Houston Astros, and they won at 4-3 to clinch their first ever World Series title in their franchise history. The other baseball team from Washington, D.C. recently won the World Series title was in 1924 as Washington Senators.
Satin is a type of cloth that has a glossy surface and a dull back.
Satin is commonly used in baseball jackets, athletic shorts, women's lingerie, nightgowns, and evening gowns. It is also used in some men's boxer shorts, shirts and neckties, bed sheets, and in the making of pointe shoes for use in ballet.
Satin was originally woven by the silk weavers in China. As the secrets of silk making were carried westward, splendid satins were woven in Genoa and Florence, then at Lyons and in England in the 15th cent.
Modern satins are made in a great variety of fibers, including synthetic ones. The term satin now refers to any fabric that is manufactured with a satin weave and is a mixture of silk threads with a synthetic filament, such as rayon or polyester. Silk mixed with short-staple cotton threads is referred to as sateen. Satin fabric is easily recognized by its even, glossy surface and flowing drape.
Dutchess satin is a gorgeous, high thread count, medium-bodied, low luster blended satin that sews easily and benefits from underlining to maintain shape. The extra weight of dutchess satin, as compared to regular satin fabric, lends itself to beading and embroidery. The synthetic component allows the fabric to be machine washed, and makes it last longer. Dutchess satin is used extensively for bridal wear and accessories, due to its pearly sheen and structural stability. The wrinkle-resistant material is also ideal for evening wear and lingerie.
Charles O. Finley
Charles Oscar Finley (February 22 1918 - February 19 1996), nicknamed Charlie O or Charley O, was an American businessman. He was the owner of the Oakland Athletics of Major League Baseball team.
Detroit Wolverines
Flannel
Flannel is a soft woven fabric, of various fineness. It usually does not have a nap, and instead gains its softness through the loosely spun yarn it is woven from. It is commonly used to make clothing, bed sheets, and sleepwear.
Flannel was originally made from carded wool or worsted yarn, but is now often made from either wool and cotton, or wool and synthetic fibre.
Flannelette is a light, napped cotton fabric imitating the texture of flannel. The weft is generally coarser than the warp. The flannel-like appearance is created by creating a nap from the weft; scratching it and raising it up. Flannelette can either have long or short nap, and can be napped on only one or two sides. It comes in many colours, both solid and patterned.
Flannel, flannelette and cotton flannel can be woven in either a twill weave or plain weave. The weave is often hidden by napping on one or both sides. After weaving, it is napped once, then bleached, dyed, or otherwise treated, and then napped a second time.
American Association (19th century)
The Best Damn Tour: Live in Toronto
The Best Damn Tour – Live in Toronto is a DVD from Avril Lavigne that was recorded in Toronto, Canada on April 7, 2008. The DVD is made up of nineteen songs that Lavigne sang during her "Best Damn Tour". Most of the songs are taken from her third album, "The Best Damn Thing", while two of the songs are cover songs that other artists have sung.
Toyota Supra
The Toyota Supra was a sports car made by Toyota from 1979 until 2002. The Supra was called the Celica Supra until 1986, when it became a separate model. Toyota stopped selling the Supra in the United States in 1998 and Canada in 1995.
Ana Ivanović ( ) born 6 November 1987) is a Serbian former tennis player. She was the number 1 player for 12 weeks from June to September 2008. She won the French Open in 2008 and came second there in 2007. She also came second at the Australian Open in 2008. She has also played tennis for Serbia in the international tournament called the Fed Cup.
Ivanović is tall, and is famous for the way she plays. She is best known for her powerful serve. Although she is Serbian, Ivanović currently lives in Basel, Switzerland. As of January 2015, she has earned over $13 million during her tennis career. Outside tennis, she is interested in clothes and fashion, and is an ambassador for the worldwide charity for children, UNICEF.
In December 2016, Ivanović announced her retirement from pro tennis.
Ivanović was born in Belgrade in Serbia (which used to be in Yugoslavia). She watched tennis on television when she was five years old, and said, "I loved watching tennis on television, particularly Monica Seles." While she was growing up, the country was bombed by NATO, so she had to arrange her training to avoid this. She would even practice tennis in an empty swimming pool during the winter. When she was 14 years old, she was asked what she dreamed of in tennis, she replied "To become the No. 1 magic player in the world." Her Serbian tennis teacher introduced her to a Swiss businessman who agreed to hire a coach and pay for Ivanović's training in Switzerland.
Her father, Miroslav, and brother, Miros, watch some of Ana's matches on television, but her mother, Dragana, goes to all of them. Ivanović and her mother, who Ivanović describes as her "best friend," live in Basel, Switzerland. Her uncle lives in Australia where Ivanović is very popular. She is studying for a degree in finance at a Belgrade university, and is learning to speak Spanish.
In 2007 she became an ambassador for the international charitable organization UNICEF, saying "I'm also looking forward to going into the classroom and meeting many kids". Ivanović is also interested in fashion–she has modelled clothes and says "...I love to shop..."
In September 2014, she began to date German professional footballer Bastian Schweinsteiger. The couple married on 12 July 2016 in Venice and has two sons.
Ivanović plays tennis holding her racket in her right hand. She also uses both hands on the racket when hitting her backhand shots. She can hit her shots from the baseline (the back of the tennis court) but is also good at volleys. Because she is very tall () she can serve the ball very fast. She hit a serve at the French Open in 2007, the fifth fastest serve of all time on the WTA Tour. However, her serve has become unreliable, mostly because of problems with her toss of the ball. She also has a strong wrist which means she can hide what kind of serve she is going to use until the last moment. She will often shout ""Ajde!"" (""Come on!"" in Serbian) during her matches.
Ivanović played in the junior version of Wimbledon in 2004. She lost the game to Ukrainian player Kateryna Bondarenko. She became a professional tennis player in August 2003. She finished the 2004 tennis season as one of the top 100 female players in the world. In 2005, Ivanović won her first title in the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). She won that game in Canberra, Australia. She beat Hungarian player Melinda Czink. She finished 2005 in the world top 20. She beat Martina Hingis from Switzerland at the Rogers Cup in Montreal in 2006. She also won her only title in doubles competition with Maria Kirilenko in Holland. Hingis got revenge for losing in Montreal by beating Ivanović in the final of the Toray Pan Pacific Open in Tokyo, Japan, in February 2007. Ivanović won her third WTA title by beating Russian player Svetlana Kuznetsova in the German Masters tournament in Berlin in May 2007.
She got to the final of her first Grand Slam tournament in 2007 in the French Open, but she lost to Justine Henin from Belgium. She said that losing that match was her worst moment on a tennis court. Ivanović ended that year as one of the ten best female players in the world. In the following season, she got to the final of the Australian Open where she lost to Maria Sharapova. After the final she was the second best female player in the world. In March 2008, Ivanović beat Svetlana Kuznetsova again in another final at Indian Wells in California.
She won the French Open in 2008 by beating Russian player Dinara Safina 2–0 in the final in Paris. Her prize for winning was a trophy and €1 million. She was the best female tennis player in the world after winning that trophy. She was the first Serbian to be the world's top player. After she won the tournament, she had a "welcome home" party in Belgrade and dinner with the President of Serbia. In June 2008, Ivanović was expected to win the Wimbledon Championships, but lost in the third round. Since then, she has failed to make it past the fourth round in any Major competition.
Ivanović has also played tennis for Serbia in an international competition called the Fed Cup. As of October 2011, she has played 20 matches and won 14 of them.
The following table shows how far Ivanović progressed in each of the Grand Slam tournaments she has played in.
This table shows how much money Ivanović has been paid each year, and it also shows how much she was paid compared to all other female tennis players in the world.
Ivanović is also sponsored by sportswear company Adidas and racket manufacturer company Yonex. She and Maria Sharapova were in a television advertisement to increase interest in women's tennis. In April 2008, her official website was visited over 40 million times, more than any other female athlete.
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The University of North Carolina has another member school, the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics. However, it is not a college or university, but rather a two-year high school for gifted North Carolina students in the stated subjects.
Women's Tennis Association
The Women's Tennis Association (WTA), formed in 1973 by Billie Jean King, is the main organizing body of women's professional tennis. It organizes the WTA Tour, the worldwide professional tennis tour for women. The WTA's counterpart organization for men's professional tennis is the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).
The WTA was formed in the month of June 1973, and is able to trace its beginnings back to Houston, Texas, with the first Virginia Slims tournament, which was organized by Gladys Heldman and held in September 1970. The WTA gives out awards every year for players who have done well during the season. The WTA is based in St. Petersburg, Florida.
Grand Slam (tennis)
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Lewis Hamilton
Sir Lewis Carl Davidson Hamilton MBE (born 7 January 1985 in Stevenage, Hertfordshire, England) is a British Formula One racing driver, currently racing for the Mercedes AMG Petronas team. A seven-time World Champion, he is often regarded as one of the greatest F1 drivers in history.
Hamilton won the British Formula Renault, Formula Three Euroseries, and GP2 championships as his racing career advanced. He became an F1 driver for McLaren-Mercedes in , making his Formula One debut (first race) 12 years after his first meeting with Ron Dennis. Hamilton comes from a mixed-race background, with a black father and white mother. He is often labelled "the first black driver in Formula One".
In his first season in Formula One, Hamilton set many racing records. He finished second in the 2007 FIA Formula One World Championship, just one point behind Kimi Räikkönen. He won his first World Championship the next season by one point ahead of Felipe Massa, overtaking Timo Glock on the final lap in Brazil. He signed for Mercedes at the end of 2012 to race for them in the 2013 season. Hamilton has gone on to win five more World Championships, all with the Mercedes team, becoming the most successful British driver in Formula One history.
Hamilton was named after American sprinter Carl Lewis. His mother, Carmen Larbalestier (now Carmen Lockhart) is British. His father's parents emigrated from Grenada to the United Kingdom in the 1950s. Hamilton's parents separated when he was two. At first he lived with his mother. When Hamilton was twelve, he started living with his father, Anthony. Hamilton was raised Roman Catholic.
Hamilton's first taste of racing came at radio-controlled cars. His father bought him one in 1991, and Hamilton did well. Hamilton started kart racing when he was six. His father bought him his first go-kart as a Christmas present. His father said he would support his racing as long as he worked hard at school. To support his son Anthony had to take extra jobs, but he found enough time to attend all of Hamilton's races.
In October 2007, Hamilton announced his intention to live in Switzerland. He said this was to avoid the media scrutiny in the United Kingdom. Hamilton later admitted on the television show "Parkinson", that taxation was part of the reason for his decision. Hamilton was publicly criticised by UK MPs, including Liberal Democrat MP Bob Russell, for avoiding UK taxes. He settled in Luins in Vaud canton on Lake Geneva.
On 18 December 2007, Hamilton was suspended from driving in France for one month. He had been caught speeding at on a French motorway. His Mercedes-Benz CLK was also impounded. Two days before the Australian Grand Prix, Victoria Police witnessed Hamilton "deliberately losing traction" in his silver Mercedes, and impounded the car for 48 hours. Hamilton immediately released a statement of apology for "driving in an over-exuberant manner". In May 2010, Hamilton was charged with intentionally losing control of a vehicle.
Hamilton was awarded an MBE by the Queen in the 2009 New Year Honours.
Hamilton began karting in 1993 at the age of eight. He quickly began winning races and class championships. At the age of ten he approached McLaren F1 team boss Ron Dennis for an autograph. He told him, "Hi. I'm Lewis Hamilton. I won the British Championship and one day I want to be racing your cars." Dennis wrote in his autograph book, "Phone me in nine years, we'll sort something out then." Hamilton made good progress through the karting ranks. Ron Dennis signed Hamilton to the McLaren driver development program. This contract included an option of a future F1 seat. Hamilton would become the youngest ever driver to secure a contract which led in an F1 racing position.
In 2001, Michael Schumacher made a one-time return to karts and competed against Hamilton along with other future F1 drivers Vitantonio Liuzzi and Nico Rosberg. Hamilton ended the final in seventh, four places behind Schumacher. Although the two saw little of each other on the track Schumacher praised the young Briton (see quote box).
Hamilton began his car racing career in the 2001 Formula Renault UK Winter Series. He finished fifth overall in the winter series. This led to full Formula Renault UK seasons in 2002 and 2003. Hamilton finished 2002 in third place. In 2003 he won the championship with ten wins and 419 points. Since he had enough points to win the championship, Hamilton missed the last two races of the season. He made his debut in the British Formula Three Championship at the season finale. He did show his speed at both the Macau Grand Prix and Korea Super Prix. In Korea, he qualified on pole position in his first visit to the track. It was only his fourth F3 race.
Hamilton made his debut in the Formula 3 Euro Series in 2004. Hamilton ended the year fifth in the championship. He first tested for McLaren in late 2004 at Silverstone.
Hamilton moved to the Euro Series champions ASM for the 2005 season. He dominated the championship, winning 15 of the 20 rounds. He also won the Marlboro Masters of Formula 3 at Zandvoort.
With his success in Formula Three, Hamilton moved to GP2 for the 2006 season. He won the GP2 championship at his first attempt, beating Nelson Piquet, Jr. and Timo Glock.
His 2006 GP2 championship happened at the same time there was a vacancy at McLaren. Juan Pablo Montoya left Formula on to race in NASCAR, and Kimi Räikkönen left to join Ferrari. Hamilton was confirmed as the team's second driver. He would be paired with defending champion Fernando Alonso for the season. He was told of McLaren's decision on 30 September. The news was not made public until 24 November. McLaren was afraid the news would be overshadowed by Michael Schumacher's retirement announcement.
Hamilton would be the team-mate of defending double World Champion Fernando Alonso. Alonso had joined McLaren after leaving Renault. On his debut at the Australian Grand Prix, he qualified fourth and finished third in the race. He became the thirteenth driver to finish on the podium in his first F1 career race (excluding those in the first ever World Championship round). In Bahrain, Hamilton got his first front-row start, qualifying and finishing second. Hamilton again finished second behind Massa in the Spanish Grand Prix. This put him in the lead in the drivers championship. Hamilton broke Bruce McLaren's record of being the youngest driver to ever lead the world championship.
Hamilton won both his first pole position and first victory of his F1 career in the Canadian Grand Prix.
During qualifying for the European Grand Prix, Hamilton crashed at the Nürburgring due to a front right tyre failure. He was unable to complete qualifying and started the race in tenth position. During a heavy rainstorm which caused the race to be temporally stopped, Hamilton slid off into a gravel trap. He was able to rejoin the race after the restart. His ninth place finish in this race was his first non-podium and non-points finish.
Hamilton won the Hungarian Grand Prix from pole position. At first, Alonso had set the fastest time, but he received a five-place grid penalty for blocking Hamilton in the pit lane; an action that prevented Hamilton from running his final qualifying lap. McLaren was also penalised and earned no constructor's points for the race.
Afterwards, Hamilton said he had restored his relationship with Alonso. He went on to qualify second in Turkey. Hamilton was running in third place. He got a flat tyre, and had to drive slowly back to the pits. He finished the race in fifth place. His championship lead was reduced.
Alonso beat Hamilton in the Italian and Belgian Grands Prix. Hamilton now had a two-point lead in the title race. His lead increased to 12 points after winning the Japanese Grand Prix. The race was in heavy rain, and Alonso crashed out of the race. After the race, there was investigated by the race stewards (officials). They looked at Hamilton's actions behind the safety car. Both Sebastian Vettel and Mark Webber crash out of the race while following Hamilton. The race stewards did not find that anybody did anything against the rules.
Hamilton earned the pole position in China. The race saw both dry and wet weather conditions. Hamilton retired from the race. He was experiencing heavy tyre wear. He tried to enter the pits. He ran wide and into the gravel trap. His car was stuck, and Hamilton recording the first retirement of his Formula One career. Hamilton went into the final race of the season with a four point lead.
In the Brazilian Grand Prix, Hamilton would only manage to score two championship points, as he finished the race in seventh position. Hamilton was passed by Räikkönen at the start. He was blocked in by Massa and Räikkönen into the first corner, and caught off balance. Hamilton was passed by Alonso in Turn 3. Hamilton attempted to re-pass Alonso in Turn 4. He ran wide, and dropped to eighth place. Then a problem started on lap 9. Hamilton had a gearbox problem. He was stuck in neutral and could not select any gears. Hamilton reset the settings on his steering wheel. The gearbox started working again. He had lost 40 seconds while his car was coasting.
For most of the race, Massa was leading and Räikkönen was in second. If the race had ended this way, Hamilton would have become world champion. During the second round of pit stops, Räikkönen the lead from Massa. Räikkönen won the race to become the 2007 Formula One World Champion.
Hamilton finished the season with four wins, and second place in the World Drivers' Championship with 109 points, ahead of teammate Fernando Alonso.
The first sign that Hamilton was unhappy with his team appeared after he finished second at Monaco. His post-race comments suggested he had been forced into a supporting role. The FIA looked to see if McLaren had broken rules by enforcing team orders. FIA determined that McLaren did not break any rules. During qualifying at the Hungarian Grand Prix, Alonso held Hamilton up in the pits. This caused Hamilton to miss one last lap to try and earn the pole position. Alonso was moved back to the sixth starting position. This moved Hamilton to the pole. McLaren was docked constructors championship points. Hamilton said he thought Alonso's penalty was "quite light if anything" and only regretted the loss of constructors' points. As a result of these events, the relationship between Hamilton and Alonso temporarily collapsed. The pair were not on speaking terms for a short period.
After the Japanese Grand Prix, Alonso felt that a race stewards' verdict had settled the championship in Hamilton's favor. He said: "I'm not thinking of this championship anymore, it's been decided off the track. The drivers' briefing has no purpose. You go there to hear what Charlie Whiting and the other officials say. Twenty one drivers have an opinion, Charlie and the officials another, and so it's like talking to a wall".
After the season was over, Alonso and McLaren terminated their contract on 2 November 2007. Both sides agreed to the departure of Alonso.
In January 2008, Hamilton signed a new five-year contract to stay with McLaren-Mercedes until the end of the 2012 season. For the season, Heikki Kovalainen would drive the second car for McLaren-Mercedes.
The first race of the 2008 season, the Australian Grand Prix, Hamilton qualified on pole and won the race. having position. In the Bahrain, Hamilton destroyed his car during a practice crash. He used a spare chassis and took third place in qualifying. In the race, he crashed into the back of Alonso's car and finished 13th. He was back on the podium in Spain finishing third. Hamilton finished second in Turkey, and won the Monaco Grand Prix a two weeks later, putting him back into the championship lead.
He qualified on the pole in Montreal but he crashed into the back of Kimi Räikkönen during the race. There was a red light at the end of the pit lane. Hamilton did not see that Räikkönen was stopped at the light. Hamilton was given a 10 position starting grid penalty for the next race, the French Grand Prix. Hamilton went on to win the British Grand Prix in difficult, wet conditions. This was called one of his best performance to date. Hamilton himself said in the post race press conference that it was his most difficult and most meaningful win.
In the next race at Hockenheim, Hamilton started from pole position, and won by 9 seconds.
Hamilton won the Belgian Grand Prix, but this win was called into question. He was left the race track in a chicane avoid hitting Kimi Räikkönen. The race officials said that gave Hamilton an unfair advantage. McLaren said that their monitoring equipment showed Hamilton slowed down to let Räikkönen past. Hamilton was given a 25 second penalty. The penalty dropping him to third place. McLaren appealed the penalty to the FIA World Motor Sport Council. The appeal was rejected. The council said the case was inadmissible.
At Fuji, Hamilton took pole in qualifying. Felipe Massa was his closest rival for the Championship title. Massa could only manage to qualify fifth. As the race began Kimi Räikkönen made a good start, and passed Hamilton. Hamilton ran wide at the first corner. This forced some of the drivers behind him to go off the track. Hamilton was given a drive-through penalty for his actions. On the second lap, when Hamilton tried to pass Massa at turn 10, Hamilton pulled alongside and made a move to pass him. Massa then ran wide and both cars hit. Hamilton car went into a spin. Massa was given a drive-through penalty for this move. Hamilton dropped down to last place. He managed to finish the race in 12th position, but earned no points.
At the Chinese Grand Prix, Hamilton was much faster than all the other cars in practice. He qualified on pole position. He went on to win the race, and a 7 point lead in the World Championship.
The Brazilian Grand Prix was the last race of the year. Hamilton needed to finish at least fifth the to win the World Championship. After a hard fought race Hamilton was in fifth place. In the closing laps of the race, it started to rain. Sebastian Vettel passed Hamilton for fifth position.
Massa had already won the race. With Hamilton in sixth place, it looked like Massa would win the title. During the final lap both Vettel and Hamilton passed Timo Glock. Glock was using dry-weather tyres and Hamilton was using wet-weather tyres. This put Hamilton back into fifth place. Hamilton's pass gave him one more point than Massa.
Hamilton had won the 2008 Formula One World Championship. He became the youngest driver to win the title, as well as the first black driver. He is also the first British driver to win the World Championship since Damon Hill in 1996.
On 4 February 2008, Hamilton was verbally taunted and abused during pre-season testing at the Circuit de Catalunya in Catalonia. Several Spanish spectators wore black face paint and black wigs. They wore shirts saying "Hamilton's ". Hamilton had become unpopular in Spain because of his rivalry with Spaniard Fernando Alonso. The FIA warned Spanish authorities not to let this behavior continue. the FIA announced on 13 February 2008 that it will launch a "Race Against Racism" campaign.
Hamilton started the season-opening Australian Grand Prix from 18th place on the grid. Hamilton finished the race in third place after Jarno Trulli was penalized. Trulli had passed Hamilton while behind the safety-car. There was a post-race stewards' hearing. Hamilton and McLaren told the stewards they did not let Trulli pass. The McLaren radio communication proved that was a lie. Hamilton was disqualified from the race for providing "misleading evidence" during the stewards' hearing. He later apologized in private to FIA race director Charlie Whiting for lying.
During the next six races, Hamilton did not perform well. He qualified outside the top ten three more times, with fifth place his best start. He only scored a few points. At Nürburgring he qualified fifth. On the first lap he and Mark Webber hit each other. Hamilton had a flat tyre and damaged his car. He finished 18th.
Hamilton's performance improved at the Hungaroring. Hamilton started fourth. A good start with a KERS assisted car start moved him to second place by the first corner. By lap 13 he was leading the race. He finish 11.5 seconds ahead of Räikkönen. It was Hamilton's 10th career win and the first for a KERS-equipped car. In Valencia, Hamilton qualified on pole position for the first time in the season, and his team-mate, Heikki Kovalainen qualified second. In the race a poor pit stop by the mechanics lost Hamilton first place. He finished second.
Hamilton crashed out of the next two races, the Belgian and Italian Grands Prix. This removed any chance of defending his title. In September, at the Singapore Grand Prix, Hamilton took his second win of the season. He finished third at the next two races, the Japanese and Brazilian Grands Prix. In the inaugural (first ever) Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, Hamilton qualified on the pole. He led the race, but retired on lap 20 due to a rear brake problem. This was his first mechanical-related retirement in Formula One.
After a difficult 2009 season, Hamilton set out with a new challenge for the title. He finished third in Bahrain. In Australia, Hamilton failed to make the top ten in qualifying. He starting the race from eleventh place on the grid, and ending the race in sixth place. He had a late-race collision with Mark Webber. At Malaysia, McLaren misjudged the weather during qualifying, and let Hamilton go out on the wrong tyres for the wet conditions. He started 20th on the grid for the race, but came through with a sixth place finish. Hamilton was given a warning during the race. He weaved four times trying to break the aerodynamic tow of Vitaly Petrov. Hamilton was not trying to block him. After the race the rules were clarified. A driver may weave only once, even to break a tow.
In Shanghai, Hamilton finished in second place, behind teammate Jenson Button. This was McLaren's first 1-2 finish for two and a half years. Hamilton was involved in a pit lane incident with Red Bull driver Sebastian Vettel. Both drivers received a reprimand from race stewards.
Hamilton qualified third for the Spanish Grand Prix. Near the end of the race he was running in second behind Mark Webber. Hamilton had already set the fastest lap of the race. The next to the last lap of the race, he ran off the track and hit the wall. The left front suspension was destroyed and Hamilton was out of the race. The wheel rim had failed and destroyed the tyre, sending Hamilton out of control. He was classified with a 14th place finish.
The next weekend at Monaco Hamilton and teammate Jenson Button raced with a diamond encrusted steering wheel. Hamilton's steering wheel had the year "08" placed on it in diamonds for his championship in 2008. Button had the year "09" on his wheel for his championship in 2009. Hamilton qualified and finished fifth. For the Turkish Grand Prix, Hamilton qualified a season's best second. Hamilton was running in second place when Vettel and Webber collided with each other on Lap 40. That moved Hamilton into first place. Jenson Button was then in second place. They passed each other once before the end of the race. Hamilton took his first victory of the 2010 season, moving him to third in the Drivers Championship.
Hamilton qualified on pole for the Canadian Grand Prix. He has started from the pole at every of his F1 races at Circuit Gilles Villeneuve. Hamilton won the race and moved into the lead the Drivers Championship.
A day after the Grand Prix Hamilton flew back into the UK and drove Ayrton Senna's championship winning McLaren MP4/4. Hamilton was clearly excited and overcome with emotion. He described it as 'one of the best days of his life'. He also stated that he had 'ticked off one of his dreams' by driving the car.
Hamilton qualified third in Valencia. He passed Mark Webber at the start of the race. During a safety car period, Hamilton passed the second safety car line about 0.5 seconds after the safety car exited the pits. Hamilton passed the safety car instead of slowing down to follow the safety car. Fernando Alonso was behind Hamilton and had to remain behind the safety car. Alonso complained on the radio to his team. The stewards investigated the incident and penalized Hamilton with a drive through penalty. There was a 20 minutes before the penalty was announced. This allowed Hamilton to build up a large gap with the car behind him. When he served his penalty, he stayed in second place. This made Alonso and the Ferrari team mad. Hamilton then accused Alonso of "sour grapes". Hamilton and Alonso made-up before the next race. Hamilton finished second and retained his lead in the drivers championship.
He finished second at Silverstone and fourth at Hockenheim. In Hungary, Hamilton qualified fifth but retired during the race due to engine problems. He lost the championship lead to Webber.
After the one month long summer break, Hamilton won the Belgium Grand Prix and set the fastest lap. This moved him into first place in the championship. But at both the Italian and Singapore Grands Prix, he retired from the race. This has moved him into third place.
Hamilton won 4 out of 6 races so far in the Spanish Grand Prix.
Hamilton has matched or set the following records in Formula One:
In his debut season, Hamilton took the record of Youngest World Drivers' Championship runner-up, at 22 years and 288 days, previously held by Kimi Räikkönen at 23 years and 360 days. In 2009, this record was taken by Sebastian Vettel, who was 22 years and 122 days when he secured runner-up position in the championship.
Hamilton is the first driver of black heritage to compete in Formula One (although Willy T. Ribbs tested an F1 car in 1986). He is the first driver of black heritage to win a major race at Indianapolis Motor Speedway in any discipline. In addition, he is the third youngest driver to achieve an F1 pole position, and the fourteenth F1 driver to achieve a podium finish on his debut.
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Season still in progress
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Season still in progress.
Todd Bentley
Todd Bentley (born 1976) claims to be a Canadian Evangelical Christian and practiced as an Evangelist before being denounced. He was one of the main preachers who are part of the Charismatic revival meetings in Lakeland, Florida known as the Florida Healing Outpouring. Attendance at the meetings was as high as 10,000 visitors a night from around the world. Todd Bentley has since been denounced as a false prophet by Christian communities.
When Bently was a child he lived in Gibsons, British Columbia, a small place in west Canada. At the time when Todd Bentley's mother and father stopped being married, Bentley wrote in a book about himself that he made in 2008 called, "The Journey into the Miraculous", that he had problems and did illegal drugs. He also said in this book that he had drank too much alcohol. Bentley said that he changed to believe in Jesus and be a Christian, and when he did that he did not have problems with drugs or drinking alcohol anymore. He became a Christian when he was 18 years old.
Bentley's beliefs are close to the Assemblies of God (AOG) and often speaks at meetings in AOG churches, although he is not under their authority.
Bentley's other beliefs and style are seen as being from "Spiritual Leader" to "False Prophet" by other Christian leaders. He yells 'Bam!' during sermons, He has an unusual appearance for a preacher such as tattoos and piercings.
At greater issue is Bentley's mysticism and spirituality, which is nontraditional for the Pentecostal and Charismatic congregations he serves and counter to others. Two major points of contention are the manner and veracity of the Faith Healing he conducts in his services and an encounter he discusses with an angel that was a harbinger of financial wellbeing. Other major theological debates have arisen from Bentley's references to several trips he has made to Heaven and meetings with the Paul the Apostle. These controversies were highlighted by the media coverage of the Lakeland revival.
Bentley heavily features faith healing, a common feature of the Charismatic movement. His behavior in conducting the healings has come under fire for the violence with which it is sometimes done. Bentley most commonly places his hands on an individual's head or area of infirmity but sometimes has more violently kicked out or hit the volunteer while calling out for the power of God to descend. In response, some people may stand and physically tremble, while others may literally fall down to the ground in what they call "falling under the power" of the Holy Spirit. The medical corroboration of both the injuries sustained by healings and the healings themselves has been a common topic of dissension in the media.
A controversy surrounds his alleged encounter with an angel he called 'Emma' at an AOG church in 2001. Bentley stated that the female angel gave him a vision of gold dust, and afterwards he received a breakthrough in terms of financial stability. Among Assembly of God congregants, especially, there was debate about whether such a professed encounter was in line with AOG doctrine as set out in the 16 Fundamental Truths The most persistent challenge was twofold; whether the experience of a specifically female angel who prophesied financial well-being was a Biblically recognized phenomenon, and whether preaching about such an encounter was theologically responsible - would it bring converts to worship such an angel rather than the God who sent her? Bentley has argued that it was God's choice, and not his own, that an angel appeared to him in that manner.
NCAA Division I
Division I is the highest level of college sports in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in the United States. Its schools generally have the biggest budgets, the best facilities, and offer more their students more athletic scholarships than Divisions II and III.
Below is a list of sports conferences belonging to Division I:
These conferences only play football:
These conferences do not play football, but do play basketball:
These conferences play more than one sport, but do not play either football or basketball:
These conferences only play ice hockey:
The only Division I all-sports conference that plays either men's or women's ice hockey is the Big Ten. It started a men's hockey league in 2013–14.
These conferences only play water polo. All three run men's and women's leagues.
One conference competes only in wrestling:
These conferences play only one sport:
In some sports, the NCAA does not split schools into divisions because only a small number of schools play a given sport. Technically, conferences in these sports are not Division I. However, most of the schools in these conferences are in Division I in other sports.
These conferences only play men's volleyball (note that women's volleyball is split into divisions):
These conferences only compete in skiing:
These conferences only compete in gymnastics:
These conferences only compete in rifle shooting:
This conference only does fencing:
This conference only does bowling (the ten-pin variety, which is an NCAA sport for women only):
NCAA Division II
Division II is the middle division of competition in the National Collegiate Athletic Association. It is less competitive and less expensive than Division I, but more competitive than Division III, which offers no athletic scholarships. Divisions II and III were previously known togther as the NCAA College Division.
This is a list of Division II athletics (or sports) conferences:
These conferences do not play football:
These conferences play only one or two sports. Note that the NCAA treats swimming and diving as a single sport. Also, the NCAA counts men's and women's teams in the same sport as playing two different sports.
NCAA Division III