AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
He began his career in his local club ASK baumgarten where he played till 1989. He was discovered by SK Rapids scouts and changed to SK Rapid Wien. He was only 16 years old when he played his first match for Rapid in an Austrian Cuup match against WSK Ranshofen. His debut in the first league he made in 2000 versus Wüstenrot Salzburg. He played 147 matches and scored 25 goals for Rapid. In 2006 he went on to FC Red Bull Salzburg but in summer he went to Greece playing with Panathinaikos. 2009 he went on loan to 1. FSV Mainz 05 in the German Bundesliga. 2011 he signed a permanent contract with Mainz.
He played the first time in the team in February 2003 in a friendly match against France. He came in for Markus Weissenberger.
He also played in the EURO 2008 team. But 2009 the new coach Didi Constantini told the public, that he will never call him up again.
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Andrew Johnson (footballer)
Andrew Johnson (born 10 February 1981) is an English footballer. He plays for Fulham.
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Alessandro Pistone
Alessandro Pistone (born 27 July 1975) is a former Italian football player.
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Dedê
Dedê (born 18 April 1978) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Borussia Dortmund.
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Élber Giovane
Élber Giovane (born 23 July 1972) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for the Brazilian national team.
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Tsukasa Hosaka
Hosaka was born in Kofu on March 3, 1937. After graduating from Meiji University, he joined Furukawa Electric in 1959. He won 1960, 1961 and 1964 Emperor's Cup. In 1965, Furukawa Electric joined new league Japan Soccer League. He retired in 1968. He played 47 games in the league.
In November 1960, he was selected by the Japan national team for the 1962 World Cup qualification. At this qualification, on November 6, he debuted against South Korea. In 1962, he also played at the Asian Games. He was a regular goalkeeper in the early 1960s. In 1964, he was selected by Japan for the Summer Olympics in Tokyo. However, he did not play in the match, because he fractured his hand just before the Olympics. Instead, he was the team's reserve goalkeeper behind Kenzo Yokoyama. He played 19 games for Japan until 1964.
After retirement, Hosaka became a manager for his local club Kofu SC in 1973. He managed until 1977.
On January 21, 2018, Hosaka died of pneumonia in Kofu at the age of 80.
Chung Yong-dae
Chung Yong-dae (; Hanja 鄭容臺; born 4 February 1978), also known as Chong Yong-De, is a South Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player.
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Kerlon
Kerlon (born 27 January 1988) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Ajax.
Reto Ziegler
Reto Ziegler (born 16 January 1986) is a Swiss football player. He plays for FC Dallas.
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Yukinori Shigeta
Yukinori Shigeta (born 15 July 1976) is a former Japanese football player.
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Josh Hutcherson
Joshua Ryan "Josh" Hutcherson (born October 12, 1992) is an American movie and television actor. He began acting early in 2000. He performed in several minor movie and television roles. He became famous in his major roles in the 2005 movies "Little Manhattan" and "Zathura", the 2006 comedy "RV", the 2007 family adventure movie "Firehouse Dog", the movie adaptations of "Bridge to Terabithia", "Journey to the Center of the Earth" and "". He also plays the role of Peeta Mellark in the "Hunger Games" trilogy.
Walden Media
Walden Media, LLC or Walden Media is a movie production and publishing company for children's movies. It is best known for making "The Chronicles of Narnia" movie series. Its movies are usually based on famous children's books. For example, "Bridge to Terabithia". It also makes movies about biographies or historical events.
It was started in 2000 by Michael Flaherty and Cary Granat. This was when Granat was the leader of Dimension Films. Flaherty was interested in good education for children. They had lived together at Tufts University when they were younger. They said the purpose of Walden Media was to make kids have fun. The company is owned by a Christian named Philip Anschutz. Anschutz is known for his strong political opinions. He also said he wanted the movies "to be entertaining, but also to be life affirming and to carry a moral message."
Buxaceae
Chicago Sun-Times
Take That: The Ultimate Tour
TAKE THAT: The Ultimate Tour is a video by boyband Take That. The video has a full length concert of Take That recorded at the City of Manchester Stadium on June 17, 2006 during the "Ultimate Tour 2006". It was released in the UK on November 6 2006 and internationally on December 7 2006. A limited edition version of the video was also released on October 23, 2006. It contained a bonus CD with 7 of their previous hit singles.
The DVD release does not include "Sure" (which was mixed the Gorillaz version of "Dirty Harry" for the tour), usually performed between "Apache 2006" and "Relight My Fire" for an unknown reason. However a few seconds of the footage can be seen in the various DVD menus.
The DVD was re-released on November 5, 2007 on HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc.
B of the Bang
B of the Bang was a sculpture in Manchester, England. It was next to the City of Manchester Stadium at Sportcity. The work was designed by Thomas Heatherwick. It was taken apart in 2009 due to structural problems.
Commissioned to mark the 2002 Commonwealth Games, it was one of the tallest structures in the City of Manchester. It was the tallest sculpture in the UK until the completion of "Aspire" in 2008. It was taller and leaned at a greater angle than the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The sculpture took its name from a quotation of British sprinter Linford Christie. In the quotation he said that he started his races not at the "bang" of the starting pistol, but at 'The B of the Bang'.
The sculpture was commissioned in 2003. Construction went longer than planned and the official unveiling was delayed until 12 January 2005. Six days before the launch, the sculpture suffered the first of three visible structural problems. The tip of one of the spikes came off and fell to the ground. Legal action started a year later, resulting in an out-of-court settlement totalling £1.7m.
In February 2009 Manchester City Council announced that the sculpture would be taken apart and placed in storage, as the "only practical alternative". The council said it was committed to working closely with the design team in order to "determine whether there is a robust and affordable strategy for the re-construction of the structure on the site". Despite the promise of storage and potential reassembly, the core and legs of the sculpture were cut apart during removal.
"B of the Bang" originally stood tall. It had 180 hollow tapered steel columns or spikes coming out of a central core. It was angled at 30 degrees and supported by five long, tapered steel legs. These connected to the spikes above the ground. The sculpture weighed 165 tonnes. The concrete in the foundations weighed over 1,000 tonnes, including a reinforced concrete slab. The foundations are deep.
The sculpture was made from the same weathering steel (also known as Cor-Ten) as the Angel of the North sculpture. This slowly develops a tightly adhering oxide layer as it is exposed to the elements. This layer prevents further corrosion by reducing its permeability to water. As part of the design, the spikes moved slightly in the wind in order to withstand gusts over . At the time of construction a time capsule was placed in one of the spikes of the sculpture. It contained children's poems and paintings, due to be opened around 2300. The location of the time capsule after being taken apart is currently unknown.
"B of the Bang" was next to the City of Manchester Stadium at Sportcity, in Beswick, at the corner of Alan Turing Way and Ashton New Road; coordinates . It took its name from a quotation of British sprinter Linford Christie in which he said that he started his races not merely at the 'bang' of the starting pistol, but at 'The B of the Bang'. The artwork had been nicknamed "KerPlunk" by the locals after the popular children's game from the 1970s.
Prior to the construction of Aspire at the University of Nottingham, "B of the Bang" was Britain's tallest sculpture. It stood at twice the height of the Angel of the North. Angel of the North is tall. It was designed to look like an exploding firework. It was taller and leaned at a greater angle than the Leaning Tower of Pisa. It was commissioned by New East Manchester Limited to commemorate the 2002 Commonwealth Games. The design was selected by a panel consisting of both local residents and art experts via a competition in 2002. The sculpture was designed by Thomas Heatherwick.
The sculpture was constructed in Sheffield by Thomas Heatherwick Studio, Packman Lucas, Flint and Neill and Westbury Structures. It was approved at the start of 2003, with the central core arriving in Manchester on the 13 June 2004. This was the largest load that could be transferred via road from the factory, and required a police escort. This central core was lifted into place in August 2004, after which the 180 spikes could begin being attached. Early estimates had given an optimistic completion date of July 2003, which contributed to the sculpture gaining the nickname "G of the Bang".
The official unveiling by Linford Christie took place on 12 January 2005.
In total the sculpture cost £1.42 million to design and construct — twice the original estimate, as the initial costing had neglected to include installation costs. Funding was sourced from a European Regional Development Fund contribution of £700,000, the North West Development Agency, contributing £500,000, and Manchester City Council providing £120,000.
The tip of one of the spikes detached and fell from the sculpture on the 6 January 2005, only six days before the official unveiling. After inspection, the event went ahead as planned.
Four months later, in May 2005, a second spike had to be cut off by firefighters after it was discovered hanging loose. At that time the sculpture was closed off to the public, and the junction and pathway near the sculpture were temporarily closed. As a result, some of the joints were re-welded, with equipment put in place to prevent excessive movement. This consisted of retrofitting tip weights to 170 of the spikes.
Despite these modifications, "B of the Bang" remained fenced off, prompting a local newspaper campaign to 'Get It Sorted'. In May 2006 a total of nine spikes were removed from the sculpture and taken away for metallurgical analysis, to discover the stresses being placed on the steel.
It was announced in October 2007 that Manchester City Council were taking legal action against the makers of the sculpture, with the aim of completing the necessary repairs to the sculpture. In November 2008 this culminated in an out-of-court settlement being reached between Manchester City Council, the project's designers Thomas Heatherwick Studio Ltd, and the engineering and construction subcontractors Packman Lucas Ltd, Flint and Neill Partnership and Westbury Structures Ltd. The agreement was to pay the council £1.7m in damages for breach of contract and negligence.
Acting on a report in January 2009, the city council recommended that "B of the Bang" should be dismantled and placed in storage until funds could be raised for its safe reinstatement. The report recognised the sculpture's aesthetic value for Manchester and Manchester City Council committed itself to working with the artist to reach a long-term solution. One possibility involved the replacement of the steel spikes with alternatives made from carbon fibre, although the report underlined the necessity for extensive testing.
In January 2009, Antony Gormley, creator of the Angel of the North — to which "B of the Bang" is often compared — spoke out in support of the sculpture, stating that, ""It is a great tribute to Manchester that this ground-breaking work was commissioned. To allow it to disappear would be a loss not just of an inspirational artwork but also of the council's nerve.""
Despite Gormley's plea, removal of "B of the Bang" began in April 2009. More substantial hoarding was erected around the site and demolition firm Connell Bros Ltd. began removing the spikes with oxyacetylene cutting equipment.
Although the council had earlier promised to store the complex central core and legs, these too were cut apart during removal, casting doubt on future prospects for the landmark sculpture's return.
Ron Brand
Ewing's sarcoma
Ewing's sarcoma is a type of bone cancer. It is a rare type of bone cancer which is found mainly in children. It found in boys more often than girls. It is not usually found in people over 30 years old. It is named after James Ewing, the doctor who first described it in 1921.
People with Ewing's sarcoma usually feel pain, and may have a lump. They can get fevers and lose weight. In some cases the tumor can eat into the bone and cause it to fracture easily.
Bone tumor
Sticky keys
Sticky keys are activated when a computer user presses the "Shift" key five times. This lets the user capitalize a letter without having to press down the "Shift" key.
Sticky Keys is a Microsoft Windows accessibility feature that causes modifier keys to remain active, even after they have been pressed and released, making it easier to do keyboard shortcuts.
Unincorporated area
An unincorporated area is land that is not part of a town, city, or anything like a town. Often, there are not many people there.
Often, unincorporated areas are governed by a bigger administration, such as a county. It is usually a place that some people live, but they are not any official city. Sometimes, they are called an unincorporated community.
Some states have different rules for a place to become an official city.
Chapters and verses of the Bible
Glioma
A glioma is a type of brain tumor that starts in the glial cells.
Thalidomide and carmustine have been used. Surgical removal of the tumor and radiotherapy are also used.
The subset sum problem is an important problem of computer science. It can be stated as follows: Given a set of integers, does any subset of them sum to zero? For example, given the set { -7, -3, -2, 5, 8}, the answer is "yes" because the subset { -3, -2, 5} sums to zero. The problem is NP-Complete. It can be reformulated to the 3SAT.
An alternative statement of this problem is, given a set of numbers and an integer x determine whether or not there exist a subset that sums up to x.
Eg. given a set {1, 4, 6, 7} and x = 10 the answer is "yes" because {4, 6} sums to 10.
Remember that the subsequence need not to be contiguous. For instance if x = 8 in above example the answer is still yes because {1, 7} sums to 8.
Istanbul Technical University
Istanbul Technical University is a public college in Istanbul, Turkey. Istanbul Technical University was started in 1773. According to Times Higher Education, ITU is ranked 108th in the world and 1st in Turkey in the technology and engineering.
ITU's main campus is located on the Maslak. Istanbul's subway system has a stop at ITU's Maslak campus. ITU has 12 faculties and 5 institutes.
Saxifragaceae
Yun Chi-ho
Yun Chi-Ho (1865–1945) was a Choson politician and a Korean Christian activist. He was part of the independence movement against Japanese Imperialism. Yun Chi-Ho is the uncle of Yun Bo-sun (), South Korea's 4th president and well known by his pen-name Jwaong ().
Yun was a human and civil right activist and part of the national liberation movement, member of an independent club, member of the 10,000 people club and managing editor of an independent news paper.
He was against the Japanese invasion of Korea. However, he turned away from Korean independence activism in 1915 to become a pro-Japanese activist.
Yun Chi-ho was born in Asan to a notable family. His father Yun Ung-ryeol was an illegitimate son of his grandfather Yun Chwe-dong.
From 1881 until 1883 he studied abroad in Japan and after 1884 he returned to Korea. At that time he was a staff of Def. foreign of Korea. In October 1884 he participated in the Gapsin coup. He escaped to China and Qing dynasty.
In 1884, he was wandering to Shanghai where he met a missionary. The missionary's propagation was to one religionand he went to the Protestant church. To stay in china he had to learn at Dungwu college. Later Yun graduated at Dungwu college and went to America. He was a self-supporting student, because his homes where not propertys.
He was admission of Vanderbilt Univercity and Emory Univercity. Vanderbilt stay Yun was study for Humanities, Social Sciences, Emory Univercity was theology and philosopher. In 1895 he was return to his nation. he was popular right and Participation in government affairs movements.
in 1896 he was Seo Jae-pil, Lee Sang-jae, Syngman Rhee with jonit to Independence club(독립협회;獨立協會) and People's joint association(만민공동회). also he was Seo Jae-pil with Doglip Shinmun(독립신문;獨立新聞). that he was assert, human right was given to God, Any peoples was not infringement ather mans rights.
He wanted more political rights and supported the democracy movement. But, it was Joseon Dynasty and many people thought it was better to be loyal to their kings. Some people hated Yun chi-ho. Yun was disappointed by the end of political reformation. he was Despair, Popular rights and human rights movements to breaking off. later he was living of bureaucracy. governor of Wonsan County, governor of Dokwon County, governor of Chunan County Adjunct Jiksan County, governor of Muan Countys in 1899 to 1902. In 1903, vice-minister of Def. foreign, In 1905, appoint Acting foreign minister also Jan. 1906 refusal for him.
he was think to non-Independence for Korean peoples social scale standard. he was assert to Power training and Education, engineering technic to domesticate.
In 1906, he opened the Hanyoung School (한영서원;韓英書院) and continued to work in education and improving society. He was chairman of Daesung School, also active Youngman schoolmate club(청년학우회), Seoul YMCA. He also founded a Korean-English school that was the first Korean technical high-school.
Yun joined the independence and anti-Japanese movement. 1909. He joined Shinminhwae (신민회;新民會). In 1912, he was caught up in the 105 persons incident. He was put in prison by the Japanese Government-General of Koreas. They were victims of false accusations .
In 1910, the Korean government concluded the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910, and he was refused to official duties and baron title. but his father Yun Ung-ryeol was give to baron title. also his father death he was Successor for baron title, his thought sans se soucer. In 1911, fabricate for 105 peoples crime, he was arrest for Seodaemun Police Station. also three years imprisonment, also batter and torture for him. In 1915, special release on parole. In he was joint to more civic group and social movement. later he was power training lecture activity engineering technic to domesticate. desire of education.
In 1936 he was acquittal petition of Suyahgdongwu club accessory and personal reference. In 1938 Cheonggu Club accessorys acquittal petition and personal reference. In 1938 acquittal petition of Heungeup club accessory and personal reference. but they case to he was personal reference and 'acquittal' petition, Japanese Government-General of Korea was his thought doubt also inspect for him.
In 1939, Japanese Government-General of Koreas order Japanese Sōshi-kaimei. he was to propose for postpone application, because Korean nationals emotion. that acceptable, Japanese Government-General of Korea was one years postpones. In May 1940, his familys was Japanese Government-General of Korea conference for decision, familyname for Ito(이토;伊東). also coercive distraint Sōshi-kaimei for him. his name Ito Chiko.
In 1940s he was non-attendance and boycott for Japanese event and more official function, memorial day. he was come to book for Japanese Government-General of Korea. also he was surveillance, internally investigated. In 1943 he was appoint to adviser of Japanese Government-General of Koreas Privy Council(중추원;中樞院), he was receive a promise.
In April 1945, Yun Chi-ho was elected to congress in Japan's House of Peers.
later 8.15 emancipation, he was populace opprobrium of his concluding years of his life pro-Japanese. he was send to latter for commander of American Army to Korean(주한미군) John Reed Hadge and Syngman Rhee, Kim Gu. that letter for he was excuse and appeal of Korea under Japanese rule time to more Korean peoples living and Cooperation actions. but that years November he was to fall down in a swoswoon. In December 1945, he died. He was 80.
Squat is a renowned element of many folk dances.
In powerlifting and bodybuilding, as well as in other sports, squat is an exercise that strengthens the muscles of the thighs, hips and buttocks, as well as the bones, ligaments and insertion of the tendons throughout the lower body.
Although the squat is a basic element of weight training, it has been the subject of considerable controversy in recent years. Some trainers allege that squats are associated with injuries to the lumbar spine and knees. As a result, many trainers suggest that the standard barbell squat be modified in various ways. Others, however, reject all suggestions that the exercise be abandoned, continuing to advocate the squat.
John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury
John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury PC, FRS (30 April 1834 – 28 May 1913), known as Sir John Lubbock, 4th Bt from 1865 until 1900, was an English banker, biologist, archaeologist and Liberal politician.
Lubbock was the son of Sir John Lubbock, 3rd Baronet, and was brought up in the family home of High Elms, near Downe in Kent. In 1842 his father brought home a "great piece of news". Young John Lubbock thought it might be a new pony, and was disappointed that the news was that Charles Darwin was moving to Down House in the village. He was soon a frequent visitor to Down House, and became the closest of Darwin's younger friends.
Lubbock was educated at Eton College from 1845 and afterwards was taken into his father's bank, where he became a partner at the age of twenty-two. In 1865 he succeeded to the baronetcy.
In 1870, 1874, and 1880 he was elected to Parliament, where he promoted a number of laws. Lubbock was elected the first president of the Institute of Bankers in 1879; in 1881 he was president of the British Association, and from 1881 to 1886 president of the Linnean Society of London. In March 1883 he founded the Bank Clerks Orphanage, which in 1986 became the Bankers Benevolent Fund – a charity for bank employees, past and present and their dependants. In January 1884 he founded the Proportional Representation Society, later to become the Electoral Reform Society.
Lubbock received honorary degrees from the universities of Oxford, Cambridge, Edinburgh, Dublin and Würzburg; and in 1878 was appointed a trustee of the British Museum. From 1888 to 1892 he was president of the London Chamber of Commerce; from 1889 to 1890 vice-chairman and from 1890 to 1892 chairman of the London County Council.
In February 1890 he was appointed a Privy Councillor, and was chairman of the committee of design on the new coinage in 1891. In January 1900 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Avebury, his title commemorating the largest Neolithic site in Europe.
In 1865 Lubbock published what was possibly the most influential archaeological text book of the 19th Century, "Pre-historic times, as illustrated by ancient remains, and the manners and customs of modern savages". He invented the terms Palaeolithic and Neolithic to denote the Old and New Stone Ages respectively, but more notable was his introduction of a Darwinian view of human nature.
Lubbock was also an amateur biologist of some distinction, writing books on hymenoptera, on insect sense organs and development, on the intelligence of animals, and on other natural history topics. As a politician, one of his successes was in the passing of the Importation of Plumage Prohibition Act 1908. He was a member of the famous X Club founded by T.H. Huxley to promote the growth of science in Britain. He discovered that ants were sensitive to the ultraviolet range of the spectrum. The Punch verse of 1882 captured him perfectly:
He carried out extensive correspondence with Charles Darwin, who lived nearby in Downe. In addition to their shared interest in natural history, both men were active advocates of spelling reform, and members of the Spelling Reform Association. When Darwin died in 1882, Lubbock suggested the honour of burial in Westminster Abbey, and was one of the pallbearers.
Georges Seurat
Georges-Pierre Seurat, (2 December 1859 – 29 March 1891) was a French Post-Impressionist painter.
Seurat painted for a time with the Impressionist painters, Claude Monet, Renoir, Sisley and Pissarro. His scientific ideas about colour then led him to develop a different painting technique. He painted in tiny dots of colour, with the theory that the viewer's eye would mix them. This technique is called "pointillism".
Seurat and his followers are often referred to as the Neo-Impressionists ("New Impressionists"). His most famous paintings are "A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte" (18841886) in the Chicago Art Institute and "Bathers at Asnières" (1884) in the National Gallery, London.
Eugène Boudin (12 July 1824 – 8 August 1898) was a French painter of landscapes and seascapes. He was one of the first landscape painters to paint outdoors, rather than in a studio. He was a great influence on the French Impressionists.
Boudin was born in Honfleur, France, and was the son of a sailor. In 1835 his father opened a small shop in Le Havre where Boudin worked with him, selling stationery and making picture frames. Boudin met many artists who put their paintings for sale in the shop. In his early twenties, Boudin went to Paris to study painting. He returned often to paint the seashores around his home.
In 1856 Boudin met Claude Monet who spent several months working with Boudin in his studio. The two remained lifelong friends. Monet later said that Boudin had been a major influence on him, teaching him to paint outdoors. Camille Corot who was one of the greatest influences on Monet and the other Impressionists, gazed at Boudin's work and said "You are the master of the sky."
The Eugene Boudin Prize is an award given by the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts of France.
Boolean satisfiability problem
The Boolean satisfiability problem is a kind of problem in math-based logic. In propositional logic, a formula is "satisfiable" if the variables it uses can be given values so that it becomes true. If however for a given formula, no values exist so that the formula becomes true and the formula will always be false no matter what values its variables have it is called "unsatisfiable".
This problem is also known as "Boolean or propositional satisfiability". Computer scientists usually call it SAT. Complexity theory believes that the formula should be in a special form, known as conjunctive normal form. A formula that is in this form has clauses. Clauses are joined by a "logical and". Each clause has several literals. They are joined by a "logical or". A literal and its complement cannot appear in the same clause. The problem may also have other names. The names depend on what the logical formula looks like. The names also depend on how many variables are used per clause.
A formula that satisfies 3SAT looks like the following:
In this case "("A" OR "B" OR "C")" is an example for a clause, and "B" is one of the literals of this clause.
At the beginning of the 1970s, Stephen Cook and Leonid Levin showed that the problem is NP-complete. This is known as the Cook–Levin theorem.
The problem 3SAT uses three variables per clause. It is one of the 21 NP-complete problems. They were defined by Richard Karp in 1972.
Denny Lemaster
Denver Clayton Lemaster (born February 25, 1939 in Corona, California) was a Major League Baseball pitcher. He began his career when he was signed by the Milwaukee Braves. He spent 1958-early 1962 in the minors. He joined the Braves in 1962, and pitched his first game on June 15th. He played with the Braves until 1967. They had moved to Atlanta by that time. After the 1967 season he was traded to the Astros with Denis Menke. The Braves were given Sonny Jackson and Chuck Harrison. Lemaster played with the Astros for four years. He was then sold to the Montreal Expos, but was released halfway through the season.
An NP problem is an algorithmic problem such that if you have a case of the problem of size formula_1, the number of steps needed to check the answer is smaller than the value of some polynomial in formula_1. It doesn't mean one can find an answer in the polynomial number of steps, only check it.
An NP-complete problem is an NP problem such that if one could find answers to that problem in polynomial number of steps, one could also find answers to all NP problems in polynomial number of steps. This makes NP-complete decision problems the hardest problems in NP (they are NP-hard). People spent lots of time looking for algorithms that finds answers to some NP-complete problem in polynomial number of steps, but have not found any. Because of this, if someone shows a problem to be NP-complete, it is not likely that there is an algorithm solving it in polynomial number of steps.
The unsolved problem P = NP asks whether polynomial time algorithms actually exist for NP-complete, and by corollary, all NP problems. It is widely believed that this is not the case.
The Travelling salesman problem is an NP-Complete problem.
Cook–Levin theorem
The Cook–Levin theorem is a theorem from theoretical computer science, which says that the Boolean satisfiability problem is NP-complete. A deterministic Turing machine can change a problem in NP in polynomial time to the problem of determining whether a Boolean formula is satisfiable. An important consequence of the theorem is that if there exists a deterministic polynomial time algorithm for solving Boolean satisfiability, then there exists a deterministic polynomial time algorithm for solving "all" problems in NP. The same follows for any NP-complete problem.
The question of whether such an algorithm exists is called the P versus NP problem and it is widely considered the most important unsolved problem in theoretical computer science. The theorem is named after Stephen Cook and Leonid Levin, who first described it in the 1970s.
Bill France, Sr.
William Henry Getty France Sr. (September 26, 1909 – June 7, 1992) was an American racecar driver, best known for being the co-founder of NASCAR. France was born in Washington, D.C.. He is also known as the creator of the Daytona International Speedway and the Talladega Superspeedway. France was put into the NASCAR Hall of Fame on May 23 2010.
France was the father of Bill France, Jr. (1933-2007) and grandfather of Brian France.
Denis Menke
Denis John Menke (July 21, 1940 – December 1, 2020) was a professional baseball infielder.
He was born on July 23, 1940, in Bancroft, Iowa. He was signed by the Milwaukee Braves in 1958. He came to the major leagues in 1962.
He became a regular player in 1963. He was traded with Denny Lemaster to the Astros in 1967. He played for Houston for four years, and was elected to the All-Star team as a backup player twice. He was then part of an eight-player trade the Astros made with the Reds. The trade was Menke, Ed Armbrister, Jack Billingham, Cesar Geronimo, and future Hall-of-Famer Joe Morgan for All-star Lee May, All-star Tommy Helms, and Jimmy Stewart.
He played in the 1972 World Series. He batted .083 in 24 at-bats.
Menke died at his home in Tarpon Springs, Florida on December 1, 2020 at the age of 80.
Huaso
A huaso (feminine huasa, but most commonly china) is a Chilean countryman and skilled horseman, very similar to the gauchos, cowboys, vaqueros and charros. Huasos are found in central and southern Chile.
Huasos are an important part of the culture of Chile, and are a vital part of parades, parties, and holidays. The Region of O'Higgins is the place where are found the most of the Chilean huasos.
Purchasing is the buying of goods or services. An item that has been bought is called a purchase. The opposite of a purchase is a sale. In common usage, the shorter word "buy" is typically used when shopping, rather than the word "purchase".
However, the word has been used in many major historical terms, including:
The word "purchase" is often used in contracts with "acquisition", as in the term "Acquisitions and Mergers" (A&M) in legal agreements made between large companies. Those contracts typically state than a company was "purchased" by another company.
Stargate (movie)
Stargate is a 1994 science fiction movie.
In a dig at Giza in 1928, scientists find a big metalic ring inscribed with hieroglyphics. Archeologist Doctor Daniel Jackson is called by the US Air Force to translate hieroglyphics on the ring. They find out that the ring is actually a piece of alien technology that creates wormholes to transport people across the universe. A military team goes through the stargate with Jackson, and after the journey find out that they cannot get back to earth. They find a city of ancient Egyptian-like people under the rule of Ra, who is an alien posing as their god. They eventually kill Ra with a nuclear blast and figure out how to get back to earth, but Jackson gets married and stays on the planet.
Super Junior (Korean: 슈퍼주니어), also known as SJ or SuJu is a South Korean boy band, under S.M. Entertainment. It consists of thirteen members, consisting of leader Leeteuk, Heechul, Hankyung, Yesung, Shindong, Sungmin, Eunhyuk, Donghae, Siwon, Ryeowook and Kibum. Kyuhyun joined the group in 2006. Han Geng and Kibum had left SM Entertainment and Super Junior in 2009 and 2015. Kangin left Super Junior voluntarily in 2019 but his exclusive contract with label SJ still remains.
They have released nine albums: Super Junior 05 (TWINS) with only twelve members. Kyuhyun joined later during the release of the song "U". They then released with the full set of thirteen members: Don't Don in 2007; Sorry, Sorry in 2009. Sorry, Sorry excludes Kangin due to suspension. In 2010, they released Bonamana which excludes Kangin, Han Geng, and Kibum. Super Junior then released Mr. Simple in 2011; Sexy, Free & Single in 2012; Hero in 2013; Mamacita in 2014 and Devil in 2015.
Super Junior is led by their leader Leeteuk, or Park Jung Su, and has four lead dancers/main dancers: Eunhyuk (main dancer), Shindong (lead dancer), Donghae (main dancer), and Han Geng (lead dancer), and also has five lead singers/main singers: Ryeowook (main singer), Kyuhyun (main singer), Yesung (main singer), Sungmin (lead singer) and Donghae (lead singer). Ryeowook, Kyuhyun, and Yesung belong in a subgroup called Super Junior-K.R.Y. All members except Kibum have been put into these subgroups: Super Junior-T, Super Junior-M, Super Junior-H and Super Junior-Donghae & Eunhyuk.
Super Junior-K.R.Y. sings many slow songs that show-off the voices of the singer.
Super Junior-T sings songs in a trot style.
Super Junior-M sings in Chinese and their main audience is not Korean, but Chinese.
Super Junior-H sing very bright and happy songs.
Since 2011, Sungmin and Kyuhyun had formed dancers position replaced for Han Geng.
Pandanaceae
Gilmar Silva Santos
Gilmar Silva Santos (born 9 March 1984) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for En Avant Guingamp.
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José Luís Santos da Visitação
José Luís Santos da Visitação (born 23 March 1979) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Atlético Mineiro.
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Juan Pedro Benali
Juan Pedro Benali (born 25 March 1969) is a Spanish football manager.
Manuel dos Santos Fernandes
Manuel dos Santos Fernandes (born 28 March 1974) is a former French football player.
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Alberto Aquilani
Alberto Aquilani (born 7 July 1984) is an Italian football player. He plays for Liverpool and Italy national team.
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Flavio Roma
Flavio Roma (born 21 June 1974) is an Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.
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Bernard Allou
Bernard Allou (born 19 June 1975) is a former French football player.
Éric Carrière
Éric Carrière (born 24 May 1973) is a French football player. He has played for France national team.
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Eliézio Santos Santana
Eliézio Santos Santana (born 31 March 1987) is a Brazilian football player.
Ben Thatcher
Ben Thatcher (born 30 November 1975) is an Welsh football player. He has played for Wales national team.
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Gnathostomulida
Gnathostomulids, or jaw worms, are a small phylum of marine invertebrates which were discovered in 1956. They are tiny worm-like marine animals. They live in sand and mud beneath shallow coastal waters and can survive in relatively anoxic environments.
Most gnathostomulids measure 0.5 to 1 millimetre (0.02 to 0.04 in) in length. They are slender to thread-like worms, with a transparent body. The neck region is slightly narrower than the rest of the body, giving them a distinct head.
Like flatworms they have a ciliated epidermis, but are unique in having but one cilium per cell. The cilia allow the worms to glide along in the water between sand grains, although they also have muscles that allow the body to twist or contract.
They have no circulatory or respiratory system. The nervous system is very simple, and restricted to the outer layers of the body wall. The only sense organs are modified cilia, which are especially common in the head region.
The mouth is just behind the head, on the underside of the body. It has a pair of muscular jaws supplied with minute teeth, and a plate on the lower surface that bears a comb-like structure which they use to scrape smaller organisms off of the grains of sand that make up their anoxic seabed mud habitat. The mouth opens into a blind-ending tube in which digestion takes places; there is no anus.
There are approximately 100 described species and certainly many more as yet undescribed. Gnathostomulids have no fossil record.
Gnathostomulids are simultaneous hermaphrodites. Each individual possesses a single ovary and one or two testes. After fertilisation, the single egg ruptures through the body wall and adheres to nearby sand particles; the parent is able to rapidly heal the resulting wound. The egg hatches into a miniature version of the adult, without a larval stage.
Alexandre Paes Lopes (born 29 October 1974) is a Brazilian professional athlete. He is best known as a football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
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Leandro Montera da Silva
Leandro Montera da Silva (born 12 February 1985) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Al-Sadd.
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Junya Nitta
Junya Nitta (born 13 July 1978) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Honda.
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Yosuke Kobayashi
Yosuke Kobayashi (born 6 May 1983) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Matsumoto Yamaga.
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Anoxia or hypoxemia is a low level of oxygen in the blood. The word "anoxic" used in biology to refer to habitats with little or no oxygen.
Anoxic events occur when an area of ocean loses most of its oxygen below the surface layers.
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Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation
The Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation ('SIUT') is a largest dialysis & kidney transplant centre in Pakistan.
All services including dialysis and transplantation are provided free of charge.
It was founded by Dr. Syed Adeebul Hasan Rizvi and it is the country's largest kidney disease center, as well as Parkistan's largest public sector health organisation.
The Institute started as a department of urology at the government-run Civil Hospital, Karachi in 1970 and received autonomy in 1991.
They perform 10-12 transplants every week, and in 2003 performed Pakistan's first liver transplant. In 2004, a unit for child was opened.
Tuck Everlasting (2002 movie)
2010 Pacific hurricane season
The 2010 Pacific hurricane season was the least active season since 1977, it officially started on May 15, 2010 and on June 1st for the Central Pacific and officially ended on November 30, 2010. These dates are when a storm is likely to start in 2010. The first storm of this season formed about two weeks before the first storm of 2009 did. So far, there have been five tropical depression, four of those five became a tropical storm, while only one because a hurricane. In addition, one storm, Hurricane Celia, was the second earliest category 5 hurricane on record
The first storm, Tropical Storm Agatha killed at least 196 people in Central America. No other storms in the 2010 Pacific hurricane season have affected land yet.
The first storm of the season started from a tropical disturbance, which is similar to a tropical wave. This tropical disturbance grew into Tropical Depression One-E on May 29. Tropical Depression One quickly strengthened into a tropical storm and it was given the name "Agatha". Moving toward land, Tropical Storm Agatha peak as a weak tropical storm with winds of 45 mph (75 km/h). Tropical Storm Agatha had made landfall near the Mexico and Guatemala border. Agatha had quickly died over land on May 30 after moving northward.
Tropical Storm Agatha killed about 146 people in Central America.
Tropical Depression Two-E started on June 16 from a tropical wave. Moving just south of the Mexican coast, winds top at 30 mph (45 km/h), which was too low for a storm to be a tropical storm. Remaining off the coast, Tropical Depression Two-E dissipated on June 17 without becoming a tropical storm.
Rains from Tropical Depression Two-E caused flooding, which damage about 82 houses and affected 40 other houses near the coast. In addition, some people lost there roofs because of high winds. No people were killed by Tropical Depression Two-E.
On June 17, Tropical Depression Four-E started from an area of low pressure. Tropical Depression Four-E strengthened fast, and had become Tropical Storm Blas just one hour later. Blas became a strong tropical storm and had its highest winds at 65 mph (100 km/h) on June 19. It began to weakened slowly as it headed into colder waters. The next day, Blas weakened to a tropical depression and died the following day, June 21. Tropical Storm Blas remained far enough from land to cause no affects.
Celia formed from an area of low pressure on June 19, and quickly strengthened into a tropical storm and then a hurricane. On June 21 Celia became a Category 2 hurricane and on June 23 strengthened further to become a Category 3 for a little while before weakening again due to bad conditions. After these bad conditions disappeared, Celia strengthened again and became a Category 5 hurricane on June 24, and the strongest storm of the season so far. However Celia moved into a part of the ocean with dry air above it and Celia weakened to a tropical storm quickly, before dying out completely. Celia was far enough away from land to not cause any damage.
The following names will be used for named storms that form in East Pacific in 2010. Names that were not used are marked in , and names in bold are storms currently active. This list is the same as it was in the 2004 season.
For the central Pacific Ocean, four names are used. A central Pacific name is given if a named storm starts near Hawaii. The next four names are shown here:
William Jennings Bryan
William Jennings Bryan (March 19, 1860-July 26, 1925) was an American politician in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He was from the Midwest. He is known for supporting causes that were not very popular or were old-fashioned, such as the silver standard or creationism. In the 1890s, he was a Congressman from Nebraska. He gained fame in 1896 for the "Cross of Gold Speech", a speech about the American economy he gave to the Populist Party. He ran for President as a Democrat three times, in 1896, 1900, and 1908, but lost each time. During this time, he was the main leader of the Democratic Party. He was one of the first people who gave lots of speeches around the country while running for President, and continued to give speeches even when not running on what was called the "Chatauqua Circuit". He was United States Secretary of State from 1913 to 1915. In his last years, he was one of the lawyers in the Scopes Monkey Trial. He is portrayed in the movie "Inherit the Wind" by the character Matthew Harrison Brady.
Regeneration means that an organism regrows a lost part, so that the original function is restored. It is a term in developmental biology.
The ability to regenerate differs in different groups. Whereas newts, for example, can regenerate severed limbs, mammals cannot. Limb regeneration in newts occurs in two major steps, first de-differentiation of adult cells into a stem cell state similar to embryonic cells and second, development of these cells into new tissue more or less the same way it developed the first time.
Simpler animals like flatworms can regenerate because the adults retain clusters of stem cells in their bodies. These can migrate to damaged parts of the body, then divide and differentiate to provide the missing tissue.
Lowell, Massachusetts
Lowell is a city in Massachusetts. It has a population of 105,167, which makes it one of the largest cities in the state. It has historically been known for having factories that made textiles (clothes and fabric). It has been a city of immigrants, first of Irish and later of Cambodians.
Haifa is the largest city in northern Israel, at the base of Mount Carmel. It is the third-largest city in the country and an important sea port.
National University of San Marcos
The National University of San Marcos (, UNMSM) is a public university in Lima, Peru. It was founded on 12 May 1551. It is the first and most important university of Peru and the oldest university of the Americas. The University of San Marcos has 20 faculties and 62 academic schools. It enrolls 28,645 undergraduate students and 3,447 graduate students. The National University of San Marcos has many notable students and graduates, including the only Peruvian Nobel Prize winner, Mario Vargas Llosa. Academically, the University of San Marcos ranks first in Peru.
The National University of San Marcos was founded on 12 May 1551, in Lima (Peru), as the "Real Universidad de la Ciudad de los Reyes" (Real University of the City of the Kings), by the emperor Carlos I of Spain. It was the first university officially founded (by royal decree) in the Americas. Its first rector was Juan Bautista de la Roca. During its first years it was a monastic institution. Pedro Fernández Valenzuela was its first secular rector in 1571. On 17 September 1574, was elected the name of the evangelist "San Marcos" (Saint Mark) as the official name for the main university of the Viceroyalty of Peru.
The University of San Marcos began its classes with the studies of theology and arts, after some years it were introduced the studies of law and medicine. The viceroy of Peru Francisco de Toledo gave help to the secularization of the university, then it was possible to choose a religious person or a secular person as the rector. During the 18th century, many Latinoamerican intellectuals from the University of San Marcos started to critic the colonial system. San Marcos and the colleges of San Carlos and San Fernando (after incorporated to the university) were monitored by the Viceroy.
During the emancipation times, the university was a very important figure for the independence movements. The first Constituent congress of Peru took place in the chapel of the University of San Marcos in 1822. During the 19th century the university returned to its local known as the "Casona", next to the university park. Until 1946, the university was usually call University of Lima, then in that year it was officialized its name as "Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos" (National University of San Marcos). In 1951, it was opened the Stadium of the University of San Marcos, as part of the celebrations of its 400th anniversary.