AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The EP "Miracles in December" was released on December 9 , 2013. The group organized the Korean version of "Christmas Day" in "M! Countdown " on 19 December. Outstanding performances in the twelve members of EXO presented with accompanying choreography produced by Tony Testa and Greg Hwang. The EP ended in numbers 1 and 2, weekly y monthly in Gaon Albums Chart of two versions. The Single "Miracles in December" (in Korean version) reached the numer 2 in Weekly Digital Singles Chart of Gaon and number 3 in Billboard's Korea K-Pop Hot 100. The Mandarin version of the song was number 47 on Gaon Chart, but he finished in Gaon International Singles Chart. He also went to number 7 in Baidu Charts of China. The Korean edition of "Christmas Day" reached number 5 and 38 in the weekly lists Gaon and Korea K -Pop Hot 100, respectively and editing in Mandarin reached number 10 in Baidu lists.
Combined version
Wilfredo Gómez
Wilfredo Gómez Rivera is a Puerto Rican who was a boxer. He won three world professional boxing championships.
Zuzana Stevulova
Zuzana Števulová (born 1983) is a Slovakia lawyer and lecturer. She helps migrants. She was given an International Women of Courage Award.
Števulová was born in Slovakia in 1983. She is lecturer at the University of Trnava.
She had campaigned for migrants arriving in Europe, She was the first Slovak to be given an International Women of Courage Award in Washington DC. She has supported the rights of the migrants in her country.
Péry
Péry is a former municipality of the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Péry and La Heutte merged into the new municipality of Péry-La Heutte.
Péry-La Heutte
Péry-La Heutte is a new municipality in the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.
Pieterlen
Pieterlen is a municipality of the administrative district of Biel/Bienne in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.
Hohenrain
Hohenrain is a municipality of the district Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Since January 1, 2007, Lieli became part of the municipality.
Plagne, Switzerland
Plagne is a former municipality of the administrative district Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Plagne and Vauffelin merged into the new municipality of Sauge.
Pohlern
Pohlern is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.
Pontenet
Pontenet is a former municipality of the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Pontenet, Bévilard and Malleray merged into the new municipality of Valbirse.
Valbirse
Valbirse is a new municipality of the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Bévilard, Malleray and Pontenet merged into the new municipality of Valbirse.
Port, Switzerland
Port is a municipality of the administrative district Biel/Bienne in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.
Sivaji Ganesan
Sivaji Ganesan was an actor of Tamil Cinema. He is also known as "Nadigar Thilagam", which means 'the pride of actors' (). He was one of the most respected movie actors in India. He was well known for his acting skills and versatility. He became an actor after performing as a stage actor in his childhood.
Sivaji' s real name is Villupuram Chinnaiahpillai Ganesan. He was born in marthandam, Thanjavur district (now in Nagapattinam district), Madras Presidency (now Tamil Nadu) on 1 October 1928. He became an actor after performing as a stage actor in his childhood. He married Kamala and has two sons and two daughters named Ramkumar Ganesan, Prabhu Ganesan, Thenmozhi Ganesan and Shanti Ganesan.
Sivaji Ganesan acted in 283 movies in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam and Hindi. His career was started in the year 1952 and existed till 1999 for 47 years. His first movie was "Parasakthi". This movie tells about the misfortunes of the members of a Tamil family during World War II, how they met their individual fate and reunite again. This movie was a great success running for 175 days.
"Andha Naal", a movie in 1954 by Sivaji set a new trend with no songs. The same year he acted along with Revolutionary leader M.G.Ramachandran in the movie "Koondukkili". His role in the movie "Veerapandiya Kattabomman" won him "Best actor" award at Afro-Asian Film Festival held at Cairo in March 1960. He was the first Indian to get the award abroad.
Sivaji acted in nine roles by himself in the movie of "Navarathri". He acted as many epic characters such as Bhagat Singh, Veerapandiya Kattabomman, Karna, Lord Shiva etc. His first blockbuster came from the movie of "Vasantha Maaligai" in the year 1972. Following this movies like "Gauravam", "Raja Raja Cholan", "Karna", "Pasamalar", "Kappalottiya Tamilan", "Bale Pandiya", "Thri Soolam" etc became ultimate blockbuster movies.His last works are Padaiyappa and Pooparikka Varigirom released in the year 1999.
Sivaji Ganesan had respiratory problems and heart ailments. He was admitted in Apollo Hospital in Chennai on 21 June 2001. He died at 7:45 pm that day at the age of 72. His eldest son Ramkumar Ganesan performed his last rituals of his funeral at the Besant Nagar Crematorium, Chennai.
Prêles
Prêles is a former municipality in the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Prêles, Diesse and Lamboing merged into the new municipality of Plateau de Diesse.
Plateau de Diesse
Plateau de Diesse is a new municipality of the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.
Pokémon Go (or Pokémon GO) is a free-to-play Android and iOS game. It was developed by Niantic. It is licensed by The Pokemon Company. It was released in July 2009 in the US, Europe, and Australia. The game lets players catch and train fictional living beings, called Pocket Monsters (in Japan) or Pokémon (everywhere else). The game makes them exist in real life by using GPS and a smartphone's camera.
As players walk in the real world, their character in the game moves as well. Players can find Pokemon by using the game map to walk to places where the grass is moving. They can then throw a Pokeball at the Pokemon to see if they can catch it. Players can also walk to special places in the game called "PokeStops" or "Gyms". At PokeStops, players can find extra PokeBalls and candy to feed their Pokemon. At Gyms, players can get their pokemon to fight another pokemon to try to win that gym for their team.
An earlier game by Niantic called "Ingress" was used to make the special places in the game. Pokemon GO got its start in an April Fool's joke by Google and The Pokemon Company in 2013, called "Pokemon Challenge".
An item called Pokemon GO Plus is being sold to let people play the game without looking at their smartphones all the time. Pokemon GO looks like a Gameplay of Pokémon mixed with the Google Maps pin shape.
"Pokémon Go" has a current score of 69 critic score and a user score of 5.5 on Metacritic.
The game became more popular after they released the Generation 2 Pokémon, featuring more items and Pokemon. In that update, berries (a type of fruit that makes the Pokémon flee, higher chance on catching, etc.) were added, and evolution items were added in (things that are used to evolve Pokemon to become one certain), such as the Metal Coat and Kings Rock.
Sing for You is the second winter special album and fourth EP of the South Korean boy band Exo. The album was released by the label S.M. Entertainment in two versions, Korean and Mandarin on 10 December 2015. "Sing for You" currently has the largest first week sales recorded by the web site monitoring, Hanteo.
On November 24, 2015, Exo confirmed the upcoming release of the second special winter album after "Miracles in December" (2013). Teaser images for the album began released on December 2. The list of songs from the album, including four new songs and a bonus track "Lightsaber " previously released in November, was announced on December 7. Music videos and the teaser of the song from the album "Sing for You" were released on 8 and 9 December respectively.
On December 10, 2015, shortly after the release of "Sing for You", Exo held a showcase with an audience of 1,500 people, to promote the album in the Lotte World in Seoul, South Korea. The showcase was broadcast using the mobile application 'V' of Naver, then the record as the most-watched live throughout the application. Exo began promoting the song "Sing for You" and "Unfair" in music programs of Korea on 12 and 18 December respectively.
"Sing for You" he broke the record of "EXODUS". The second studio album of Exo, previously served as the album with the highest sales in the first week registered by the website monitoring album sales Hanteo Korea with more than 267,900 copies.
Time in North Korea
Time in North Korea is given Korea Standard Time (KST) which is 8.5 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). If it is 16:00 UTC, it is 01:00 the next day in North Korea. It has never observed summer time.
North Korea was originally 8:30 hours ahead of UTC () from 2015 to 2018, 30 minutes behind neighboring South Korea and Japan, as announced in August 2015, but reverted to UTC+09:00 now on the same time as Seoul and Tokyo beginning at 23:30 on 4 May 2018.
Radelfingen
Radelfingen is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.
Nassau (state)
Nassau was a duchy which was created after the Holy Roman Empire ended in 1806. It was absorbed by different other states before becoming part of Germany in 1866.
Nassau (as a duchy) existed above the Rhine It was near the end where the river came near the French border.
Nassau was also south of the Prussian Empire, Not near the coast of the Rhine. It was named after it's centre Nassau, but it was not its capital. When it helped in Waterloo it ended up in Belgium near Planciontot before being absorbed into Prussia.
They engaged the French on many occasions, clearly capable of standing up to the French however they were ultimately deafened after an engagement at the town of Smohain and the farm of Frichermont, they became part of the Confederation of the Rhine, Ending their independence, they were annexed by Prussia and became an independent state. Later, Nassau helped in the Battle of Waterloo before being absorbed into the Prussian Empire, and later, the empire of Germany.
Exo's Showtime
Arrondissement of Angoulême
The arrondissement of Angoulême is an arrondissement of France, in the Charente department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Its capital, and prefecture of the department, is the city of Angoulême.
When the Charente department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Angoulême was part of that original department.
The "arrondissement" of Angoulême is the second largest "arrondissement" of the department with an area of . It has 197,377 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km².
The "arrondissement" of Angoulême is in southeastern Charente and is bordered to the north by the "arrondissement" of Confolens, to the east and south by the Dordogne department, and to the west by the "arrondissement" of Cognac.
In the "arrondissement" of Angoulême, there are four cantons where not all their "communes" are in the "arrondissement": Boixe-et-Manslois, Charente-Sud, Tude-et-Lavalette and Val de Nouère. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements":
The "arrondissement" of Angoulême has 117 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː
Rise (Katy Perry song)
"Rise" is a song co-written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Katy Perry. The song was released on July 14, 2016. It was used in the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. She released the song because "[she] was inspired to finish it now, rather than save it for [her] next album, because now more than ever, there is a need for our world to unite."
"Rise" has topped the iTunes charts of over 25 countries worldwide, including the U.S., UK, Canada, and Australia. The song entered the Australian ARIA Singles Chart at number 1 and reached number 3 in Scotland. The song reached the top 20 in the US and Canada. On October 17, 2017, the song was certified platinum in the US.
One music video for the song features Olympic athletes practicing for the Games. However, an official video was released and shows Perry climbing through different terrains with a red parachute.
Critics have said that the song was powerful and uplifting but received mixed reviews. Daniel Kreps from "Rolling Stone" called producer Max Martin an "extraordinaire," while Brandon Caldwell from the "Houston Press" said that the song "just doesn’t fit the template of inspirational, fiery and get America ready to beat the rest of the world in sporting competitions. It just doesn’t fit the Olympics. Now, in terms of beating world issues? 'Rise' may have something there."
Songwriting credits from iTunes metadata.
Arrondissement of Cognac
The arrondissement of Cognac is an arrondissement of France, in the Charente department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Its capital is the city of Cognac.
When the Charente department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Cognac was part of that original department.
The "arrondissement" of Cognac is the smallest "arrondissement" of the department with an area of . It has 92,224 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km².
The "arrondissement" of Cognac is in western Charente and is bordered to the north by the "arrondissement" of Confolens, to the east by the "arrondissement" of Angoulême and to the south and west by the Charente-Maritime department.
In the "arrondissement" of Cognac, there are three cantons where not all their "communes" are in the "arrondissement": Charente-Sud, Tude-et-Lavalette and Val de Nouère. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements":
The "arrondissement" of Cognac has 116 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː
There is one time zone named China Standard Time (CST) or Beijing Standard Time. It is 8 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), but Xinjiang (East Turkestan) unofficially uses . Since 1992, there has been no daylight saving time.
China used to have five time zones, but now it has one.
Some Chinese people say the usage of is harmful, and that China should have five time zones as in the country's west, (especially in Xinjiang) see sunrises as late 10 a.m., making children go to school in the dark, and sunsets in the summer as late as midnight.
Arrondissement of Confolens
The arrondissement of Confolens is an arrondissement of France, in the Charente department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Its capital is the city of Confolens.
When the Charente department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Confolens was part of that original department.
The "arrondissement" of Confolens is the largest "arrondissement" of the department with an area of . It has 64,252 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km².
The "arrondissement" of Confolens is in northern Charente and is bordered to the northwest by the Deux-Sèvres department, to the north by the Vienne department, to the east and southeast by the Haute-Vienne department, to the south by the "arrondissement" of Angoulême, to the southwest by the "arrondissement" of Cognac, to the west by the Charente-Maritime department.
It has a small border with the Dordogne department to the southeast.
In the "arrondissement" of Confolens, there are only two cantons where not all their "communes" are in the "arrondissement": Boixe-et-Manslois and Val de Tardoire. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements":
The "arrondissement" of Confolens has 150 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː
List of districts in Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir consists of two divisions: Jammu and Kashmir Valley. Earlier a state, now Union territory of India.
2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt
A coup d'état attempt took place in Turkey on 15 July 2016, when a group of people tried to take over the government because they disagreed with the way the president, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, is running the country. It is believed that most of these people were from the Turkish army. Over 100 people were killed and over 1,000 injured. Thousands of soldiers were arrested because they joined the rebellion or for other reasons. Hundreds fled to Greece or other foreign countries. Thousands of teachers, judges and other government employees were fired in the 2016 Turkish purges.
Rapperswil, Bern
Rapperswil is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. It lies north of the capital Bern. On 1 January 2013 the former municipality of Ruppoldsried merged into Rapperswil. On 1 January 2016 the former municipality of Bangerten merged into Rapperswil.
Army of Mississippi
Holding company
A Holding company is a company, which has the purpose of owning stock (or shares) of other companies. In most cases, such companies do not sell products or services, they manage the companies they (partly) own. Probably one of the best known holding companies was the "Standard Oil of New Jersey", founded in 1889, which is called ExxonMobil today.
In general, there are three forms:
Blen Mesfin
Blen Mesfin (Amharic: ብሌን መስፍን) is an official in Ethiopia’s opposition Semayawi (Blue) Party. In 2016 she was named one of twenty women political prisoners in the FreeThe20 campaign by Samantha Power, the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations.
Mesfin was arrested at a protest in Addis Ababa in April 2015. The protest was for 26 Ethiopians killed by the a group called Islamic State in Libya. More than 30 members of the Semayawi Party were arrested before an April 27 political rally.
Two other members of the Semayawi Party, Meron Alemayehu (ሜሮን አለማየሁ ) and Nigist Wondifraw (ንግስት ወንዲፍራው), were also arrested. They were #5 and #6 in the FreeThe20 campaign. They are now free.
Mesfin was released in December 2016, along with a mass release of 9,800 people detained under the state of emergency. According to Ethiopian journalist Tesfalem Waldyes‏ she was re-arrested during a wave of arrests in October 2016.‏
Ethiopia: Semayawi Party (Blue Party), including origin, mandate, leadership. (UNHCR)
Confolens
Confolens () is a commune in southwestern France. Confolens is the administrative centre of a largely rural area, which has had an important growth of tourism in recent years.
It is one of the two subprefectures of the Charente department and the capital of the canton of Charente-Vienne.
On 1 January 2016, the former "commune" Saint-Germain-de-Confolens was merged with the "commune" of Confolens.
Confolens is at the confluence of the Vienne and Goire rivers. The name of this place comes from the Latin word "confluens" that means "confluence".
The city is at from Angoulême, from Limoges and from Poitiers, the three largest cities that are closest to Confolens.
The "communes" that are around Confolens are Brillac, Esse, Saint-Maurice-des-Lions, Ansac-sur-Vienne, Hiesse and Lessac.
The climate of Confolens, in the Köppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.
With a population of 2,721, Confolens has a population density of inhabitants/km.
The inhabitants of Confolens are known, in French, as "Confolentais" (women: "Confolentaises").
Confolens is a subprefecture of the Charente department since 1800. It is also the capital of the canton of Charente-Vienne.
Confolens is a twin town of:
The bluebirds are a group of medium-sized, mostly insectivorous or omnivorous Passerine birds. They are in the genus "Sialia" of the thrush family (Turdidae).
Bluebirds are one of the few thrush genera in the Americas. They have blue, or blue and rose beige, plumage. Female birds are less brightly colored than males, although color patterns are similar and there is no noticeable difference in size between the two sexes.
Bluebirds are territorial and prefer open grassland with scattered trees. Predators of young bluebirds in the nests may include snakes, cats, and raccoons. Bird species competing with bluebirds for nesting locations include the common starling, American crow, and house sparrows. House sparrows take over the nesting sites of bluebirds, killing young, smashing eggs, and probably killing adult bluebirds.
Bluebirds species include:
Lemon Tree (Fool's Garden song)
Lemon Tree is a 1995 song by indie rock band Fools Garden. It became a major hit in Europe and Asia. The song is about a person's depressions and his miserable mind.
Carnivorous fungus
Carnivourous fungi are fungi that get some of their nutrients from trapping animals. These animals are microscopic, or very small. Over two hundred species are known.
Two basic trapping mechanisms have been observed in carnivorous fungi that are predatory on nematodes:
Army of the Mississippi
Army of the Mississippi was the name given to two Union armies during the American Civil War. Both operated around the Mississippi River and both were active for only a short time.
The first army was created on February 23, 1862. It was commanded by Major general John Pope. Pope's orders were to clear Confederate troops along the Mississippi River so the Union army could move through the area. On February 28, 1862, General Pope began to move against New Madrid, Missouri. The Army then fought at the Battle of Island Number Ten. The army next fought at the Siege of Corinth. After the capture of Corinth Pope was sent east to command the Army of Virginia. Major general William S. Rosecrans assumed command of the Army of the Mississippi. The army fought at the Battle of Iuka followed by the Second Battle of Corinth. His commanding officer, Ulysses S. Grant, was unhappy with his failure to go after the retreating Confederates after the Battle of Corinth. In October, 1862, Rosecrans was transferred to command the Army of the Ohio and the Army of the Mississippi was disbanded.
In 1863 Major general John Alexander McClernand was put in command of the expedition against the Confederates down the Mississippi. He was given command of two corps from the Army of the Tennessee. McClernand named his force the "Army of the Mississippi". McClernand was successful in capturing Arkansas Post but he acted without orders. On January 30, 1863, Grant personally took command of the army. The old XIII Corps and XV Corps were returned to the Army of the Tennessee on January 12, 1863.
Battle of Chancellorsville
The Battle of Chancellorsville (April 30 to May 6, 1863) was a major battle in the American Civil War. It is generally considered to be Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s greatest victory over the Union Army. But the Confederate victory was lessened by the loss of Lieutenant general Stonewall Jackson. Jackson was shot and mortally wounded by his own men who mistook the general and his staff for Union cavalry. For this reason Lee's win at Chancellorsville was considered a pyrrhic victory.
After the Battle of Fredericksburg the Union army was in a state of confusion. The Army of the Potomac was commanded by Major general Ambrose Burnside. But his generals were in near open revolt against Burnside feeling he was unfit to command. Burnside even seemed to agree with them. He had refused command of the Army of the Potomac twice saying he was not up to the job. Finally, President Abraham Lincoln agreed and replaced Burnside with General Joseph Hooker. Hooker managed to restore the health and morale of his army within a few weeks. He proudly called them "the finest army on the planet."
Hooker devised a plan for a spring campaign that would cause Lee's Army of Northern Virginia to fall back from Fredericksburg, Virginia. He hoped it would also destroy Lee's army. His plan was to send his 10,000-man cavalry on a raid against Richmond, Virginia to cut Lee's lines of communication with the Confederate capital. He would send most of his infantry to cross the Rappahannock and Rapidan Rivers 40 miles north of the Confederates. The rest of his army would cross the river at Fredericksburg to attack Lee from the front. It was devised as a pincer movement that if successful would surround the enemy.
Hooker's army crossed the Rappahannock on April 30, 1863. This placed his army on Lee's flank. Hooker's Federal army numbered 97,382 men. This was twice the size of Lee's army at 57,352 men. But rather than retreat, Lee split his forces. He decided to attack Hooker while his army was still in the thick wilderness. Lee sent Jackson with 30,000 Confederate soldiers to attack the Union right flank. He assigned
Major general Jubal A. Early with 10,000 soldiers to defend Fredericksburg. By the afternoon of April 30, 50,000 Union troops with 108 artillery pieces found themselves at an important road junction. There was a tavern at the crossroad named Chancellorsville. Rather than keep going and get clear of the wilderness, Hooker decided to stop and wait for more Union troops to arrive. There had been no Confederate opposition at this point. Even so, Hooker's officers wanted to keep going.
On May 1, Stonewall Jackson found two divisions of Confederates at Zoan Church, fortifying a ridge. He ordered them to drop their shovels and pick up their rifles and move toward the Union soldiers to attack. The Union army had just decided to move forward again and had not expected any Confederate resistance. Hooker ordered his soldiers back and had them form defensive positions in the wilderness. On the morning of May 2, Jackson moved his corps against the Union left flank. There was fighting on and off all day. At 5:20 p.m., Jackson attacked the Union's XI Corps. The Federals counterattacked until darkness ended the fighting. That night, Jackson was making a night reconnaissance with one of his staff officers when he was mistakenly shot by his own soldiers. He died 8 days later from pneumonia after losing his left arm. General J.E.B. Stuart took over temporary command of Jackson's Corps.
On May 3, The Confederates resumed their attacks forcing Hooker's army to defend the river fords. This was the heaviest day of the fighting. Both wings of the Confederates attacked while their artillery concentrated on the Union line at Hazel Grove. The larger Union army held nearly all of the most strategic spots on the battlefield. Of these the key to the battle was Hazel Grove, a high open plateau that overlooked all the Union positions. Stuart realized this and early in the morning Confederates attacked up the slopes of Hazel Grove and captured about 100 men and four artillery pieces. For unknown reasons Hooker had ordered the artillery back from Hazel Grove. At the time of the attack, most of the artillery had already been removed. This was a costly mistake since the Confederate artillery could now fire down on the union positions with great ease. This finally forced the Union line back to a defensive position with his back to the river. Meanwhile, the other Union forces were advancing on Lee from the east. Lee split his army again and met and defeated the Federals near Salem Church (Fredericksburg). This was by far the bloodiest day of fighting. The fighting at Salem Church resulted in more casualties than the entire First Battle of Bull Run.
On May 6, Hooker recrossed the Rappahannock. He lost a total of 17,278 casualties while Lee lost 12,826. It was a tremendous win for Lee. But Lee could not replace Jackson. Hooker was the second general of the Army of the Potomac to be replaced after a single battle. Hooker argued that the cavalry raid failed to cut Lee's supply lines. He complained that the XI Corps, composed mostly of German-Americans and other recent immigrants, ran instead of staying to fight. Oliver O. Howard's XI corps were labeled the "flying Dutchmen" over this incident. But they redeemed themselves at the Battle of Missionary Ridge. Howard would later be promoted over Hooker. But despite laying the blame elsewhere Hooker was replaced by General George G. Meade. In a few weeks, Lee would move north to engage the Union forces again at the Battle of Gettysburg.
Hugo Niebeling
Hugo Niebeling (2 February 1931 – 9 July 2016) was a German movie director and producer.
He was known for his work on industrial and music movies. He is thought to be one of the most important figures of these genres in Germany. His work has been said helped create the modern music video. His feature-movie documentary "Alvorada" was nominated for an Academy Award in 1963.
Erny Brenner
Erny Brenner (13 September 1931 – 9 July 2016) was a Luxembourgian association football player. He was a member of the Luxembourg national football team from 1955 to 1965. He was born in Dudelange, Luxembourg.
Brenner died on 9 July 2016 in Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg, aged 84.
Robert Burren Morgan
Robert Burren Morgan (October 5, 1925 – July 16, 2016) was an American politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was the United States Senator from the state of North Carolina. He served as senator for a single term from 1975 until 1981.
Morgan died of heart failure on July 16, 2016 at his home in Buies Creek, North Carolina, aged 90.
Kazimieras Uoka
Kazimieras Uoka (4 March 1951 – 16 July 2016) was a Lithuanian politician. He signed the 1990 Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania.
He was born in Kaunas. Uoka graduated from Vilnius University in 1976. He was a leader of the labor movement in the early years of the independence movement.
Uoka died on 16 July 2016 in Vilnius, aged 65.
Torpor is a physiological state of the body. It occurs in some small warm-blooded animals when food is scarce.
Some animals have periods of torpor every day, including hummingbirds.
So do some small mammals, for example, rodent species (such as mice), and bats. Many small marsupials also have daily periods of torpor.
Torpor is a well controlled thermoregulatory process. It is not the result of switching off thermoregulation.
Moju Chowdhury Hat
Moju Chowdhury Hat or Rahmat Khali is a town and tourism in Lakshmipur Sadar Upazila of Lakshmipur District, in south-eastern Bangladesh. It is commonly known as Moju Chowdhury Hat but it used to be called Rahmat Khali. It was renamed "Moju Chowdhury" in 1965. It is spelled as M.C.H. for short (). This town is 12 km² south of Lakshmipur City. It is across the Meghna River from Bhola 38 km² to the southwest. Moju Chowdhury Hat is 76 km² east of Barisal. Moju Chowdhury Hat is itself municipality and a tourist destination. It is also a ransport hub for passengers from the Bhola Barisal Division and Chittagong Division, serving about four thousand people per day.
Moju Chowdhury is named after a person. Moju Chowdhury came to Rahmat Khali when it was still part of the Mughal Empire. Moju Chowdhury was the second of Pana Mia Hazi's four sons. He went to Lakshmipur Government Collage, where he studied landscapes.
Moju Chowdhury Hat is located at It has 145.56 households and a total area of 56.05 km².
The Da Vinci Code (movie)
The Da Vinci Code is a religious 2006 American drama movie. Ron Howard directed the movie.
Robert Langdon is a professor of religious iconography and symbology from Harvard University. While in Paris, he is the prime suspect in the unusual murder of a Louvre curator. Langdon realized the curator was part of a secret society. Members of the society included Leonardo da Vinci, Victor Hugo, Botticelli, and others
"The Da Vinci Code" (like the book) was controversial. It received very harsh criticism from the Roman Catholic Church. They didn't like the idea that they were behind a 2,000-year-old cover-up about what the Holy Grail really was. The movie also said that Jesus and Mary Magdalene were married and had a daughter.
The movie was banned in Egypt because of controversial elements. It was also banned in Lebanon and Jordan
The movie got mixed to negative reviews from the critics. Rotten Tomatoes rated the movie 25%, meaning "Rotten". It also got poor reviews at the Cannes Film Festival Movie critic Leonard Maltin called the movie "a letdown in every respect."
However, reviews were not all bad. Roger Ebert gave the movie three out of four stars. Roger Ebert and Richard Roeper both liked the movie.
Despite mixed to negative reviews, the movie took in more than $758 million in the box office.
Fatshe leno la rona
"Blessed Be This Noble Land" is called "Fatshe leno la rona" in the Tswana language. It is the national anthem of Botswana. Kgalemang Tumediso Motsete wrote the lyrics (words) and composed the music of this song in 1962. Four years later when the country got its independence from the United Kingdom, this anthem was adopted.
"God Bless America" is an American patriotic song. It was written by Irving Berlin in 1918. The song was revised in 1938. The latter was recorded by Kate Smith; it became her signature song.
In 1938, with the rise of Adolf Hitler, Berlin felt it was time to revive the song. On Armistice Day, 1938, Kate Smith performed the song on the radio.
The song is played at Major League Baseball games.
Céline Dion and LeAnn Rimes did cover versions of the song.
Cochineal
The cochineal ("Dactylopius" "coccus") is a scale insect in the suborder Sternorrhyncha, from which the natural dye carmine is made.
The insect lives in tropical and subtropical South America, Mexico and Arizona. Its larvae eat cacti in the genus "Opuntia", feeding on plant moisture and nutrients. These insects are found on the pads of prickly pear cacti, then are brushed off and dried.
The insect produces carminic acid, which deters predation by other insects. Carminic acid is extracted from the body and eggs, then mixed with aluminium or calcium salts to make carmine dye, also known as cochineal. Today, carmine is primarily used as a colorant in food and in lipstick.
Battle of Fredericksburg
The Battle of Fredericksburg (December 11, 1862 – December 15, 1862) was a major battle in the American Civil War fought at Fredericksburg, Virginia. The battle saw almost 200,000 men engaged—more than any other Civil War battle. It involved the first major opposed river crossing in the history of the United States.
After the Maryland Campaign and the bloody Battle of Antietam, the Army of Northern Virginia under General Robert E. Lee retreated south into Virginia. Lee's rearguard action at the Battle of Shepherdstown convinced Union General George B. McClellan not to follow him too closely. McClellan, after asking twice for more reinforcements, decided it was safer to stay put and defend Maryland. On October 6, President Abraham Lincoln instructed McClellan to go after the Confederates in Virginia. Although he had 100,000 men he complained he did not have enough troops and supplies to cross into Virginia. Finally, at the end of October, by which time Lee's army was rested and resupplied, McClellan slowly moved his army south. But he did not engage them. Lincoln waited until after the elections of 1862 before replacing McClellan. The President had already planned to replace McClellan for some time. Before the autumn of 1862 he had offered command of the Army of the Potomac to Ambrose Burnside twice. Burnside turned Lincoln down both times. Finally, on November 7, Lincoln replaced McClellan as Burnside reluctantly accepted the job.
Now in command, on November 14, Burnside sent a corps to the area of Falmouth across from Fredericksburg. This was in preparation for a move against Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital. Reports placed Lee's army scattered between Culpepper, Virginia and Winchester, Virginia blocking any Union advances south.
Burnside's plan, approved by Lincoln, was to move the army south to attack Richmond. He decided to move via Fredericksburg. That way he could depend on the Union Navy to keep him supplied instead of overland supply which could be attacked by Confederate cavalry. He would also sidestep the Confederate army and get between them and Richmond. His main base was the landing at Aquia Creek. His plan was to use pontoon bridges to cross the Rappahannock at Fredericksburg. But the pontoon bridges were two weeks late in arriving. So the Army of the Potomac sat across the river and waited. This delay gave Lee ample time to gather his forces to oppose Burnside, who had now lost the advantage of surprise. During the early morning hours on December 11, soldiers assembled the pontoon bridges so the army could cross. The confederates fired on them causing delays in completing the bridges. Burnside's 150 artillery pieces opened fire from Stafford Heights. The shells did extensive damage to the town but did not drive off the Confederates. Finally the bridges were completed late that evening. More than 120,000 Union troops poured across the bridges into Fredericksburg. Lee continued to give token resistance to allow General Stonewall Jackson's corps time to get in place and complete a Confederate line some three miles long.
Burnside had depended on an unopposed crossing of the river. Now, Lee had time to get his army in place. Winter weather would soon make the roads very difficult to use and end any campaigns until spring. Burnside needed to break through Lee's line.
On December 12, the morning was cold and foggy. Burnside sent more troops into the town but did nothing to organize an attack. Instead, his men wasted the day looting and vandalizing houses and shops.
Burnside waited until the morning of December 13 to issue his orders. He directed General William B. Franklin's division to attack Jackson's Corps. Then General Edwin Vose Sumner's division was to attack Marye's Heights. But Burnside's orders were unclear on several points. In his orders to Franklin, he ordered the attack with "a division at least". Without taking time to clarify, Franklin sent just one—General George G. Meade's division of 4.500 men. They were to attack Jackson's line about a mile away. Two small Confederate cannon were on the road perpendicular to Mead's advancing troops. Even though he had orders to disengage, Major John Pelham kept up the shelling for over an hour. Finally, when Pelham ran out of ammunition he withdrew the cannons. Meade continued his march on Jackson's position. When Meade's division came to within , Jackson's hidden 14 artillery pieces opened fire cutting down many of Meade's soldiers. Union artillery opened fire on the Confederate guns and an artillery duel started that lasted for an hour. Meade's troops found a gap in Jackson's line in the woods and exploited it. A South Carolina brigade at first mistook Meade's troops for retreating Confederates and did not fire on them. This allowed the Union troops to get deep within Jackson's line. When Jackson learned of this he ordered a counterattack and drove the Union troops back to their own lines.
Burnside waited at his headquarters to hear that Meade had successfully driven Jackson back. When no word of this came, he ordered the attack on Marye's Heights to go ahead anyway. Artillery on top of Marye's Heights and nearby hills would prevent any assault on the Heights. But Sumner ordered a series of attacks all afternoon with the Confederate artillery raining down shells on them. Finally, at dusk the attacks were called off. One after another, three divisions had tried to scale Marye's Heights and all had failed. Nearly 3,000 men were lost in just an hour but the attacks continued with no effect. As Lee watched the destruction of Sumner's divisions he remarked, "It is well that war is so terrible. We should grow too fond of it." Of the 12,600 Federal casualties almost two-thirds were lost assaulting Marye's Heights. In turn, the Confederates lost about 5,000 men during the battle.
Despite winning what seemed like a lopsided battle, Lee lost men and equipment he could not afford to lose. Burnside's losses, although great, were soon replaced. Lee suffered 5,300 casualties defending Fredericksburg. Union losses were more than double. Burnside lost about 12,600 Union soldiers; killed, wounded, or missing. The Battle of Fredericksburg was depressing news to the North. But it had no lasting impact on the war. It was a boost to Confederate morale however. The spring would see a new campaign against Richmond. In January 1863, Burnside was replaced as commander of the Army of the Potomac by General Joseph Hooker. But Like Burnside, Hooker would be replaced after a single disastrous battle—the Battle of Chancellorsville. But following the Battle of Fredericksburg, the Army of the Potomac engaged in what came to be called the Mud March, an aborted attempt at a winter campaign.
Charente (river)
The Charente (Saintongeais: "Chérente", ) is a river in southwestern France that flows through the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Two departments, Charente and Charente-Maritime, are named after the river.
It rises in the Massif Central and flows into the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay) near Rochefort.
The Charente river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .
The Charente river starts in western Massif Central, in the "commune" of Chéronnac, Haute-Vienne department, at an elevation of about . It flows to the northwest for about and then flows through the north of the Charente department.
The river keeps flowing to the northwest and gets into the Vienne department. After the "commune" of Civray, the river turns to the southwest and gets back into the Charente department. After Angoulême, the river turns west and, after Cognac, to the northwest.
Finally, the river flows into the Atlantic Ocean near Rochefort.
The river is (it is deep, wide and slow enough for a ship to pass), mainly with recreational boats from Angoulême to its mouth.
The Charente flows through 4 departments and 120 "communes", all in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region:
The main tributaries of the Charente river are:
Nate Thurmond
Nathaniel "Nate" Thurmond (July 25, 1941 – July 16, 2016) was an American basketball player. He spent the majority of his 14-year career in the National Basketball Association (NBA) with the Golden State Warriors. He played the center and power forward positions.
Thurmond was a seven-time All-Star and the first player in NBA history to record an official quadruple-double. Thurmond was named both a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame and one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History.
He was known to fans as "Nate the Great", Thurmond has had his No. 42 jersey retired by both the Golden State Warriors and the Cleveland Cavaliers.
Thurmond died at the age of 74 on July 16, 2016 after a short battle with leukemia in San Francisco.
Bloeme Evers-Emden
Bloeme Evers-Emden (; 26 July 1927 – 18 July 2016) was a Jewish-Dutch academic and child psychologist. She researched the phenomenon of "hidden children" during World War II and wrote four books on the subject in the 1990s.
Her interest in the topic grew out of her own experiences during World War II, when she was forced to go into hiding from the Nazis and was arrested and deported to Auschwitz on the last transport leaving the Westerbork transit camp on 3 September 1944. Together with her on the train were Anne Frank and her family, whom she had known in Amsterdam. She was freed on 8 May 1945.
She wrote columns for the Jewish weekly "Nieuw Israëlietisch Weekblad".
Qandeel Baloch
Fouzia Azeem (; March 1, 1990 – July 15, 2016), better known by the name Qandeel Baloch (), was a Pakistani model, actress, feminist activist and social media celebrity. Baloch became famous due to her videos discussing her daily routine and many controversial issues.
Baloch first received recognition from the media in 2013, when she auditioned for "Pakistan Idol"; her audition went viral and she became an Internet celebrity. She was one of the top 10 most searched for persons on the internet in Pakistan and both celebrated and criticized for her videos and posts.
On July 15, 2016, Baloch was strangled while she was asleep in her parents' house in Multan. Her brother Waseem confessed to the murder saying she was "bringing disrepute" to the "family's honour".
Janez Bernik
Janez Bernik (6 September 1933 – 15 July 2016) was a Slovenian painter and academic. He was born in Gunclje, now part of Ljubljana. His works include painting, sculpture, graphic design, illustration, tapestry, book design, and poetry. He won the Prešeren Fund Award in 1963.
Bernik died on 15 July 2016 in the Municipality of Prebold, Slovenia, aged 82.
Billy Name
Billy Name (William Linich, Jr., February 22, 1940 – July 18, 2016) was an American photographer, filmmaker and lighting designer. He was the archivist of the Warhol Factory, from 1964 to 1970. His brief romance and friendship with Andy Warhol led to collaboration on Warhol's work, including his movies, paintings and sculpture.
Duncan M. Gray, Jr.
Duncan Montgomery Gray, Jr. (September 21, 1926 – July 15, 2016) was an American bishop and activist. He was the 7th Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Mississippi (a middle judicatory of the Episcopal Church, USA). He was a priest in the southern United States. Gray was best known for his work as a civil rights activist, and his story was included in the University of Southern Mississippi's Civil Rights Digital Archive.
Sharon Runner (May 17, 1954 – July 14, 2016) was an American politician. She was a Republican California State Senator. She represented the 21st Senate District at the time of her death, and lastly represented the 17th Senate District from 2011 to 2012.
She was also a member of the California State Assembly from 2002 to 2008, representing the 36th district. She was the wife of California State Board of Equalization Member George Runner. From 2004 to 2008, then-Senator George Runner and then-Assemblywoman Sharon Runner were the first husband and wife in California history to serve at the same time in the California State Legislature.
Runner died at her home in Lancaster, California on July 14, 2016 from complications of respiratory failure, aged 62.
Helena Benitez
Helena Zoila Tirona Benitez (June 27, 1914 – July 14, 2016) was a Filipino academic and administrator of the Philippine Women's University. She served in the Senate of the Philippines from 1967 until Congress was closed when martial law was declared in 1972, and at the Batasang Pambansa from 1978 until it was abolished in 1986.
Benitez also founded the Bayanihan Dance Company.
Benitez died on July 14, 2016 in Manila, aged 102.
Péter Esterházy
Péter Esterházy (14 April 1950 – 14 July 2016) was a Hungarian writer. He was born in Budapest. He was one of the most widely known contemporary Hungarian and Central European writers. He has been called a "leading figure of 20th century Hungarian literature" and his books are thought to be significant contributions to postwar literature.
Esterházy died of pancreatic cancer in Budapest on 14 July 2016, aged 66.
Rappahannock River
The Rappahannock River is a river in eastern Virginia, in the United States. It is about in length. It crosses the entire northern part of the state, from the Blue Ridge Mountains in the west, across the Piedmont, to the Chesapeake Bay, south of the Potomac River. The river drains an area of which is about 6% of Virginia. Much of the watershed is rural and forested. But it has experienced increased development in recent decades because it is so close to the Washington, D.C. suburbs.
It was an important river in American history. The Rappahannock was the site of early settlements in the Virginia Colony. Later, it was at the center of Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It was a significant obstacle to north-south movements via land. As a result it functioned as the war's eastern-theatre boundary, between the "North" (the Union) and the "South" (the Confederate States of America).
The name of the river comes from an Algonquian word, "lappihanne" (also recorded as "toppehannock"), meaning "river of quick, rising water" or "where the tide ebbs and flows," the name used by the local native population, the Rappahannock tribe.