AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The city with more people living in it is the capital, Saint-Étienne (170,761 inhabitants). The subprefectures of Roanne and Montbrison have, respectively, 35,200 and 15,689 inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Loire
The most important cities in the department are:
Haute-Loire
Haute-Loire () is a département in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of south-central France. It is named after the Loire river.
The department of Haute-Loire was created on 4 March 1790 with three districts: Le Puy, Brioude and Yssingeaux. The capital was Le Puy. The new department was formed with territories of three historic provinces: the "Languedoc", the "Auvergne" and the "Lyonnais".
In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the three districts were changed into three "arrondissements": Le Puy, Brioude and Yssingeaux.
On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Yssingeaux was eliminated but became again an arrondissement in 1942.
On 18 March 1988, the name of Le Puy was changed to Le Puy-en-Velay.
The Haute-Loire is part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It has an area of .
The department is surrounded by 5 departments in 2 regions:
The highest point in the department is "Mont Mézenc" (); it is high. It is in the southeast of the department, on the border with the Ardèche department.
The main rivers in Haute-Loire are:
The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Le Puy-en-Velay is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Maritime Temperate climate) and of the subtype Cfb.
Haute-Loire is managed by the "Departmental Council of Haute-Loire" in Le Puy-en-Velay. The department is part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.
There are 3 "arrondissements" (districts), 19 "cantons" and 257 "communes" (municipalities) in Haute-Loire.
The following is a list of the 19 cantons of the Haute-Loire department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of Haute-Loire are known, in French, as "Altiligériens" (women: "Altiligériennes").
Haute-Loire had a population, in 2014, of 226,565, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Le Puy-en-Velay, with 96,041 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Haute-Loire
Loiret is a department in north-central France in the Centre-Val de Loire region. It is named after the Loiret river, a tributary of Loire that is completely within the department.
Its prefecture is Orléans and there are two subprefectures: Montargis and Pithiviers.
The department is one of the 83 French departments made during the French revolution, on 4 March 1790. The department was created from part of the former province of Orléanais.
The new department had seven districts: Orléans, Beaugency, Neuville, Pithiviers, Montargis, Gien and Boiscommun. The capital (now prefecture) was Orléans.
In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the seven districts were changed into four "arrondissements": Orléans, Gien, Montargis and Pithiviers.
After the Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815), the department was occupied by the Bavarian army from June 1815 to November 1818.
On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Gien and Pithiviers were eliminated but in 1942 Pithiviers became again an "arrondissement" of the department.
Loiret is part of the Centre-Val de Loire region. It has an area of .
The department is bordered by the 7 departments in 3 regions:
The highest point of the department is in the place called "Col des Étourneaux" (), in the "commune" of Pierrefitte-ès-Bois, and that is above sea level; it is in northwestern Massif Central.
There are several natural regions in the Loiret department:
The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Orléans is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Marine West Coast Climate) and of the subtype Cfb.
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Orléans is . The month with the most precipitation on average is August with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is March with an average of .
The average temperature for the year in Orléans is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .
The department is managed by the "Departmental Council of the Loiret" in Orléans. Loiret is part of the region of Centre-Val de Loire.
There are 3 "arrondissements" (districts), 21 "cantons" and 326 "communes" (municipalities) in Loiret.
The following is a list of the 21 cantons of the Loir-et-Cher department, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of Loiret are known, in French, as "Loiretains" (women: "Loiretaines").
Loiret has a population, in 2014, of 669,737, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Orléans, with 435,676 inhabitants, is by far the largest.
Evolution of the population in Loiret
Lot (department)
Lot () is a French department in the Occitanie region of southern France named after the Lot river. Its prefecture and largest city is Cahors.
Lot is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created from the old province of Quercy.
The new department had six districts: Cahors, Martel, Gourdon, Figeac, Montauban and Lazorte. The capital (now prefecture) was Cahors.
In 1808, some of the original southeastern cantons were separated from it to form the department of Tarn-et-Garonne. It originally extended much farther to the south and included the city of Montauban.
Lot is part of the Occitanie region and has an area of .
The Lot river crosses the department from east to west with numerous meanders. The Dordogne river flows through the northern part of the department.
There are seven natural regions in the department:
The climate in Gourdon, in the north of the department at an altitude of above sea level, is an oceanic climate with relatively hot summers, mild winters and abundant rainfall, Cfb in the Köppen climate classification.
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Gourdon is . The month with the most precipitation on average is May with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of . There are an average of 168.0 days of precipitation, with the most precipitation occurring in January with 17.0 days and the least precipitation occurring in July with 10.0 days.
The average temperature for the year in Gourdon is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .
The department is managed by the "Departamental Council of the Lot" in Cahors. Lot is part of the Occitanie region.
There are 3 "arrondissements" (districts), 17 "cantons" and 326 "communes" (municipalities) in Lot.
The following is a list of the 17 cantons of the Lot department, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of Lot are known, in French, as "Lotois" (women: "Lotoises").
Lot has a population, in 2014, of 173,648, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Cahors, with 76,216 inhabitants, is by far the largest. The other two, Figeac and Gourdon, have respectively 54,060 and 43,372 inhabitants.
The city with more people living in it is the capital, Cahors (19,630). The subprefectures of Figeac and Gourdon have, respectively, 9,820 and 4,297 inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Lot
The cities in the department with more of 2,000 inhabitants are:
Lot-et-Garonne
Lot-et-Garonne () is a department in the southwest of France named after the Lot and Garonne rivers.
Lot-et-Garonne was formed during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with parts of the old provinces of Guyenne and Gascony. It was divided into nine districts: Agen, Nérac, Marmande, Tonneins, Villeneuve, Lauzun, Monflanquin, Casteljaloux and Valence.
Agen and Aiguillon were alternatively the capital of the department but in 1791 it was decided that only Agen would be the capital.
Several of the original southeastern cantons in the arrondissements of Agen and Villeneuve-sur-Lot were separated from it in 1808 to become a part of the newly created department of Tarn-et-Garonne.
Lot-et-Garonne is part of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, southwestern France, with an area of .
The departement is surrounded by two regions and six departments:
The main rivers in the Lot-et-Garonne are the Garonne river that flows through the south central part of the department, and the Lot river that flows through the northern regions of the department before joining, as a right tributary, the Garonne near the Aiguillon "commune".
Other river is the Baïse, a left tributary of the Garonne.
In the west of the department, mainly in the arrondissement of Nérac, there is a forest of maritime pine like in the Landes department.
The climate of Estillac, where is the Agen La Garenne Airport, is Marine West Coast Climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb), with mild winters and warm summers.
The average temperature for the year in Estillac is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Estillac is . The month with the most precipitation on average is December with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is April with an average of .
The department is managed by the "Departamental Council of Lot-et-Garonne" in Agen. Lot-et-Garonne is part of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.
There are 4 "arrondissements" (districts), 21 "cantons" and 319 "communes" (municipalities) in Lot-et-Garonne.
The following is a list of the 21 cantons of the Lot-et-Garonne department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of Lot-et-Garonne are known, in French, as "Lot-et-Garonnais" (women: "Lot-et-Garonnaises").
The department of Lot-et-Garonne has a population, in 2014, of 333,234, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Agen, with 120,235 inhabitants, is by far the largest. The other three, Marmande, Villeneuve-sur-Lot and Nérac, have respectively 83,245, 90,527 and 39,227 inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Lot-et-Garonne
Lozère
Lozère () is a department in the region of Occitanie in southern France near the Massif Central. It is named after Mont Lozère.
Lozère was created in 1790 during the French Revolution, when the whole of France was divided into departments, replacing the old provinces. Lozère was formed with part of the old province of Languedoc.
Les Sources and Hautes-Cèvennes were two other names proposed for this department but they were not accepted.
Lozère has an area of . It is surrounded by 5 departments belonging to 2 regions:
The Lozère is divided into four natural regions, covering four mountain ranges:
Three important rivers start in the department:
The département is managed by the "Departamental Council of Lozère" in Mende. Lozère is part of the region of Occitanie.
There are 2 "arrondissements" (districts), 13 "cantons" and 176 "communes" (municipalities) in Lozère.
The following is a list of the 13 cantons of the Lozère department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of Lozère are known, in French, as "Lozériens" (women: "Lozériennes").
Lozère is the least populated French department. It has a population, in 2014, of 76,360, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Mende, with 63,047 inhabitants, is by far the largest. The other arrondissement, Florac, have 13,313 inhabitants.
The only important city is Mende with 11,542 people living there in 2014. The subprefecture, Florac Trois Rivières, has 2,107 inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Lozère
The cities with more than 2,000 inhabitants in the department are:
Maine-et-Loire
Manche
Manche is a department found in the west of France in the Normandy region. Its prefecture is Saint-Lô. Its population is about 486,000 (2006 estimation). It is one of the 83 first French departments made during the French revolution.
Marne
Marne is a department in northeastern France named after the river Marne which flows through the department. The prefecture (capital) of Marne is Châlons-en-Champagne (formerly known as Châlons-sur-Marne).
The Champagne vineyards producing the world-famous sparkling wine are located within Marne.
Marne is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Châlons-sur-Marne as is capital. It was formed with part of the former province of Champagne.
It was divided in six districts: Châlons-sur-Marne, Reims, Épernay, Sézanne, Sainte-Menehould and Vitry-le-François.
In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the six districts were changed into five "arrondissements": Châlons-sur-Marne, Épernay, Reims, Sainte-Menehould and Vitry-le-François.
On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Sainte-Menehould was eliminated but in 1940 Sainte-Menehould was made again an "arrondissement".
In 1995, the name of Châlons-sur-Marne was changed to Châlons-en-Champagne but it was rejected in 1997. But, finally, this change was accepted in 1998.
The Marne department is in the Grand Est region after being part of the Champagne-Ardenne region till 2016. It is surrounded by 6 departments in 3 regions:
Marne has an area of , the 7th largest department of the Metropolitan France. The department is long from Villeneuve-la-Lionne to Trois-Fontaines-l'Abbaye, and wide from Cormicy to Clesles.
There are three geographic regions in the department:
The Marne river flows through the department from the southeast to the west.
This area is characterized by climates with few extremes of temperature. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Châlons-en-Champagne is a "Marine West Coast Climate" and of the subtype "Cfb".
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Châlons-en-Champagne is . The month with the most precipitation on average is July with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of .
The average temperature for the year in Châlons-en-Champagne is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of
Marne is managed by the "Departmental Council of Marne" in Châlons-en-Champagne. The department is part of the Grand Est region.
There are 5 "arrondissements" (districts), 23 "cantons" and 616 "communes" (municipalities) in Marne.
The following is a list of the 23 cantons of the Marne department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of the Marne department are known, in French, as "Marnais" (women: "Marnaises"),
Marne had a population, in 2014, of 570,817, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Reims, with 296,374 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Marne
The 10 "communes" with more inhabitants in the Marne department are:
Haute-Marne
Haute-Marne is a department in the northeast of France named after the Marner river. It is in the Grand Est region and its prefecture (capital) is the city of Chaumont.
Charles de Gaulle lived until his death in Colombey-les-Deux-Églises.
Haute-Marne is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Chaumont as is capital. It was formed with parts of the former provinces of Champagne, Burgundy, Lorraine and Franche-Comté.
It was divided in six districts: Bourbonne, Bourmont, Chaumont, Joinville, Langres and Saint-Dizier.
In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the six districts were changed into three "arrondissements": Chaumont, Langres and Wassy.
On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Wassy was eliminated but in 1940 Wassy was made again an "arrondissement" but the subprefecture was moved to Saint-Dizier.
The Haute-Marne department is in the Grand Est region. It is bordered by 6 departments in two regions:
Haute-Marne has an area of , and its highest point is in the "Bois de Baissey" in the commune "Baissey" in the southern part of the department; it is high (), and is in the "Langres" plateau.
The main river is the Marne river; it starts in the Langres plateau and flows through in the department.
This area is characterized by climates with few extremes of temperature. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Saint-Dizier is a "Marine West Coast Climate" and of the subtype "Cfb".
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Saint-Dizier is . The month with the most precipitation on average is November with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of .
The average temperature for the year in Saint-Dizier is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of
Haute-Marne is managed by the "Departmental Council of Haute-Marne" in Chaumont. The department is part of the Grand Est region.
There are 5 "arrondissements" (districts), 23 "cantons" and 427 "communes" (municipalities) in Haute-Marne.
The following is a list of the 17 cantons of the Haute-Marne department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of the Haute-Marne department are known, in French, as "Haut-Marnais" (women: "Haut-Marnaises"),
Haute-Marne had a population, in 2014, of 180,673, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Saint-Dizier, with 71,371 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Haute-Marne
The "communes" with more inhabitants in the Haute-Marne department are:
Meurthe-et-Moselle
Meurthe-et-Moselle is a department in the Grand Est region of France, named after the Meurthe and Moselle rivers. The prefecture (capital) of Meurthe-et-Moselle is Nancy.
Meurthe-et-Moselle was created in 1871 at the end of the Franco-Prussian War from the parts of the former departments of Moselle and Meurthe that were left to France with Nancy as is capital. It was divided in 4 "arrondissements": Briey, Lunéville, Toul and Nancy.
The current boundary between Meurthe-et-Moselle and Moselle was the border between France and Germany from 1871 to 1919 and again between 1940 and 1944.
On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissements" of Toul were eliminated but it was made again, in 1943, an "arrondissement".
The Meurthe-et-Moselle department is in the Grand Est region. It is bordered by 4 departments, all in the same region. To the northwest, the department borders Belgium and Luxembourg.
Meurthe-et-Moselle has an area of ; it is from north to south and is wide, forming a panhandle in the north of the department.
Its highest point is in the Roc de Taurupt () between the "communes" Bionville and Raon-sur-Plaine (Vosges) in the western part of the department; it is high.
The main rivers in the department are the Meurthe and the Moselle; the department is named after this two rivers. Other rivers are the Chiers (tributary of the Meuse) and the Vezouze (a tributary of the Meurthe).
The area around Nancy, at an altitude of about , is characterized by climates with few extremes of temperature. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Troyes is a "Marine West Coast Climate" and of the subtype "Cfb".
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Nancy is . The month with the most precipitation on average is June with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of .
The average temperature for the year in Nancy is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of
Meurthe-et-Moselle is managed by the "Departmental Council of Meurthe-et-Moselle" in Nancy. The department is part of the Grand Est region.
There are 4 "arrondissements" (districts), 23 "cantons" and 594 "communes" (municipalities) in Meurthe-et-Moselle.
The following is a list of the 23 cantons of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department are known, in French, as "Meurthois" or "Meurthe-et-Mosellans" (women: "Meurthoises" or "Meurthe-et-Mosellanes"),
Meurthe-et-Moselle had a population, in 2013, of 731,004, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Nancy, with 417,430 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Meurthe-et-Moselle
The economy was highly dependent on mining until the 1960s. There are iron, salt, and lime mines. The urban area around Nancy has a very active economy based largely on services, research, and higher education.
Meuse (department)
Morbihan
Morbihan (; , ) is a department found in the west of France in the Brittany region. Its prefecture is Vannes and its population is about 677,000 (2006 estimation). It is one of the 83 first French departments made during the French revolution.
Morbihan has also two subprefectures: Lorient and Pontivy.
Nièvre
Nièvre is a department in the centre of France, in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. It is named after the Nièvre river, a tributary of the Loire. Its prefecture and largest city is Nevers.
Nièvre is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Nevers as its capital. It was formed from part of the old province of "Nivernais" and its name was written at first as Nyèvre.
It was divided in nine districts: Nevers, Saint-Pierre-le-Moutier, Decize, Moulins-Engilbert, Château-Chinon, Corbigny, Clamecy, Cosne and La Charité.
In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the nine districts were changed into four "arrondissements": Nevers, Château-Chinon, Clamecy and Cosne.
On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Cosne was eliminated but in 1943 it became again an "arrondissement" of the department.
Nièvre is part of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. It has an area of . The highest point of the department is Mont Préneley (), high; it is in the "commune" Glux-en-Glenne.
The department borders with six departments in three regions:
There are three main geographical zones in the department:
The main rivers in the department are the Loire, that makes most of the western border, with its tributaries Allier and Aron; and the Yonne, with its tributary Cure.
It rains in all seasons but precipitations are more important in the eastern zone, in the Morvan, and weaker in the Loire valley.
Nièvre is managed by the "Departmental Council of Nièvre" in Nevers. The department is part of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region.
There are 4 "arrondissements" (districts), 17 "cantons" and 309 "communes" (municipalities) in Nièvre.
The following is a list of the 17 cantons of the Nièvre department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of Nièvre are known, in French, as "Nivernais" (women: "Nivernaises").
Nièvre had a population, in 2014, of 213,569, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Nevers, with 118,087 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Nièvre
The 10 "communes" with more inhabitants in the department are:
Nord (department)
Nord is a department in the north of France, in the Hauts-de-France region. Its name is because the department is in the north of France. Its prefecture is Lille.
Nord is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Douai as is capital.
It was divided in eight districts: Avesnes, Bergues, Cambrai, Douai, Hazebrouck, Lille, Le Quesnoy and Valenciennes.
In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the eight districts were changed into six "arrondissements": Avesnes, Bergues, Cambrai, Cassel, Douai and Lille.
In 1803, the capital of the department was moved from Douai to Lille and the subprefecture of Bergues was moved to Dunkirk.
The "arrondissement" of Valenciennes was created in 1824.
The subprefecture of Cassel was moved to Hazebrouck in 1857. On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Hazebrouck was eliminated.
In 1962, the name of the "commune" Avesnes was changed to Avesnes-sur-Helpe.
Nord is part of the Hauts-de-France region. It has an area of .
The department is surrounded by the North Sea, Belgium (West Flanders and Hainaut provinces) and 3 other departments of the Hauts-de-France region:
The highest point in the department is in the "commune" of Anor () near the border with Belgium; it is high.
Several rivers flow through the department; the main rivers are the Scheldt/Escaut, the Yser, the Lys, the Scarpe, and the Sambre.
The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Lille is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Marine West Coast Climate) and of the subtype "Cfb".
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Lille is . The month with the most precipitation on average is October with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of .
The average temperature for the year in Lille is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .
Nord is managed by the "Departmental Council of Aisne" in Lille. The department is part of the Hauts-de-France region.
There are 6 "arrondissements" (districts), 41 "cantons" and 648 "communes" (municipalities) in Nord.
The following is a list of the 41 cantons of the Nord department, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of Nord are known, in French, as "Nordistes".
Nord had a population, in 2014, of 2,603,472, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Lille, with 1,232,513 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Nord
Oise
Pas-de-Calais
Pas-de-Calais (Picard: "Pas-Calés"; Dutch: "Nauw van Kales") is a department found in the north of France in the Hauts-de-France region. Its prefecture is Arras. Its population is about 1,456,000 (2006 estimation). It is one of the 83 first French departments made during the French revolution.
Puy-de-Dôme
Puy-de-Dôme is a French department in the centre of France in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region and named after the dormant volcano the Puy de Dôme. Its prefecture is the city of Clermont-Ferrand.
Puy-de-Dôme was created in 1790 during the French Revolution, when the whole of France was divided into departments, replacing the old provinces. Puy-de-Dôme was formed with part of the old province of Auvergne.
It was divided in eight districts: Ambert, Besse, Billom, Clermont-Ferrand, Issoire, Montaigu, Riom and Thiers, with Clermont-Ferrand as is capital.
In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the eight districts were changed into five "arrondissements": Ambert, Clermont-Ferrand, Issoire, Riom and Thiers. On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Ambert was eliminated but, in 1942 Ambert became again an "arrondissement" of the department.
Puy-de-Dôme is part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, in east-central France, with an area of .
The department borders with 2 other departments in 2 regions:
The department is in the Massif Central and there are several mountain chains; some of the chains and mountains are:
The climate of the Puy-de-Dôme department, in the city of Clermont-Ferrand, is an oceanic climate, Cfb (Marine West Coast Climate) in the Köppen climate classification.
Puy-de-Dôme is part of the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. The department is managed by the "Departamental Council of the Puy-de-Dôme" in Clermont-Ferrand.
There are 5 "arrondissements" (districts), 31 "cantons" and 467 "communes" (municipalities) in Puy-de-Dôme.
The following is a list of the 31 cantons of the Puy-de-Dôme department (with their INSEE codes), in France, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of Puy-de-Dôme are known, in French, as "Puydômois" (women: "Puydômoises").
Puy-de-Dôme has a population, in 2014, of 644,216, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Clermont-Ferrand, with 375,518 inhabitants, is by far the largest.
Evolution of the population in Puy-de-Dôme
Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Pyrénées-Atlantiques (Gascon: "Pirenèus-Atlantics"; or ) is a department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of France. It takes its name from the Pyrenees mountains and the Atlantic Ocean.
Pyrénées-Atlantiques is one of the 83 French departments made during the French revolution, on 4 March 1790, with the name of Basses-Pyrénées. It was created from parts of the old provinces of Guyenne, Béarn, and Gascony.
The new department had six districts: Mauléon, Oloron, Orthez, Pau, Saint- Palais and Ustaritz.
The first prefecture was Navarrenx but then it was moved to Pau; in 1795, the prefecture was moved to Saint-Palais but in 1796 it was returned to Pau.
On 10 October 1969, the name of the department was changed from "Basses-Pyrénées" to "Pyrénées-Atlantiques".
Pyrénées-Atlantiques is part of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, southwestern France, and is the 10th French department in area with .
There are two small territorial enclaves—a remnant from the Middle Ages— that are part of the neighboring Hautes-Pyrénées department.
and by Spain to the south and the Bay of Biscay (Atlantic Ocean) to the west.
The Pyrenees mountain range is found in the southern part of the department and goes, east to west, from the Col d'Aubisque, a mountain pass south of Tarbes and Pau, to the mouth of the river Bidasoa.
The Pic Palas (), at , is the highest point of the department and also the highest of the Aquitaine region; it is on the border with Spain.
The main river of the department is the Adour and all rivers in the department, except for some coastal small rivers, flow into this river. Other important rivers are the Gaves réunis, formed by the rivers Gave d'Oloron and Gave de Pau, and the Nive.
The department is managed by the "Departamental Council of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques" in Pau. Pyrénées-Atlantiques is part of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.
There are 3 "arrondissements" (districts), 27 "cantons" and 546 "communes" (municipalities) in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques.
The following is a list of the 27 cantons of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of Pyrénées-Atlantiques are known, in French, as "Basques et Béarnais" (women: "Basques et Béarnaises"). The Basques live mainly in the western part of the department and the Béarnais in the eastern part. From 1790 to 1969, before the change of the name of the department, the inhabitants of this departmente were known as "Bas-Pyrénéens".
The Pyrénées-Atlantiques has a population, in 2014, of 667,249, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Pau, with 305,089 inhabitants, is by far the largest. The other two, Bayonne and Oloron-Sainte-Marie, have respectively 287,546 and 74,614 inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Pyrénées-Atlantiques
The city with more people living in it is the capital, Pau, with 77,489 inhabitants, the of the total population of the department. The subprefectures of Bayonne and Oloron-Sainte-Marie have, respectively, 48,178 inhabitants () and 10,824 inhabitants ().
Hautes-Pyrénées
Hautes-Pyrénées () is a department in the southwest of France. It is part of the Occitanie region and its main city is Tarbes.
Hautes-Pyrénées is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created with parts of the former province of Gascony; these parts were the old province of Bigorre and the Pays des Quatre-Vallées.
Hautes-Pyrénées has an area of , or 0.81% of the country. It is part of the Occitanie region and has two small territorial exclaves—a remnant from the Middle Ages—located within the neighboring "département" of Pyrénées-Atlantiques.
The department is surrounded by 2 regions and 3 departments:
and by Spain (the province of Huesca) to the south.
Three natural regions can be distinguished in the department.
The Pyrénées, along the border with Spain, cover the southern half of the department, with 66% of the department. They form a natural barrier between France and Spain. More than 30 mountains here are over high.
The Pic Vignemale (), at , is the highest point of the department; it is on the border with Spain. The Vignemale is in the Pyrénées National Park.
The second region of the Hautes-Pyrénées, with 17% of the territory, consists of chains low hills.
The third region, in the northern part of the department, is the plain of the Adour river and consists of largely flat agricultural land.
The main river of the department is the Adour river that flows through the cities of Tarbes and Bagnères-de-Bigorre. Other rivers are the Gave de Pau and the Neste.
Hautes-Pyrénées has two small territorial exclaves—a remnant from the Middle Ages—within the neighboring "département" of Pyrénées-Atlantiques.
The climate of the department is an oceanic climate with relatively hot summers, mild winters and abundant rainfall, Cfb in the Köppen climate classification.
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Lourdes is . The month with the most precipitation on average is November with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of .
The average temperature for the year in Lourdes is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .
The département is managed by the "Departamental Council of the Haute-Garonne" in Tarbes. The Hautes-Pyrénées is part of the region of Occitanie.
There are 3 "arrondissements" (districts), 17 "cantons" and 470 "communes" (municipalities) in the Hautes-Pyrénées.
The following is a list of the 17 cantons of the Hautes-Pyrénées department, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of Hautes-Pyrénées are known, in French, as "Haut-Pyrénéens" (women: "Haut-Pyrénéennes"). They are also known as the "Bigourdans".
Hautes-Pyrénées has a population, in 2014, of 228,950, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Tarbes, with 143,753 inhabitants, is by far the largest. The other two, Argelès-Gazost and Bagnères-de-Bigorre, have respectively 38,813 and 46,384 inhabitants.
The city with more people living in it is the capital, Tarbes (40,900), followed by Lourdes (14,361). The subprefectures of Argelès-Gazost and Bagnères-de-Bigorre have, respectively, 3,020 and 7,602 inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Hautes-Pyrénées
The cities with more than 4,000 inhabitants in the department are:
Pyrénées-Orientales
Pyrénées-Orientales (English: "Eastern Pyrenees"; ; ) is a department in the region of Occitanie in southern France; it is next to the northern Spanish border and the Mediterranean Sea.
The department is formed by the historically Catalan-speaking area of Rosillon (with its different parts: Roussillon (modern), Haute Cerdagne (or simply Cerdagne), Conflent, Vallespir and Capcir) and Fenouillèdes, an historically Occitan-speaking area.
Before 1659, most of the present department was part of the former Principality of Catalonia, within the Kingdom of Spain, so historically most of it has been Catalan-speaking, and it is still sometimes referred to as Northern Catalonia.
Pyrénées-Orientales was created in 1790 during the French Revolution, when the whole of France was divided into departments, replacing the old provinces. Pyrénées-Orientales was formed by the province of Roussillon and Fenouillèdes (), a small piece of territory which had formerly been on the southern edge of Languedoc.
Pyrénées-Orientales has an area of . It has the department of Aude to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the east, Spain to the south, and Andorra and the department of Ariège to the west.
The department is dominated by the Pyrenees mountain range. The highest mountain is Pic Carlit () that is high. The best known mountain in the department is Le Canigou () that is high.
There are three main rivers in the department: from north to south, Agly, Têt (the largest river of the department) and Tech; the Agly has its source in the Corbières hills, in the southern part of the Aude department. The other two river has their sources in the Pyrenees. The three rivers flow into the eastern Plain of Roussillon before they flow into the Mediterranean Sea.
Most of the population and agricultural production are concentrated in the Plain of Roussillon, with only 30% of the area.
Llívia is a town of Cerdanya, province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain, that forms a Spanish exclave surrounded by French territory.
In the department, there are three subtypes of the group C in the Köppen climate classification:
The département is managed by the "Departamental Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales" in Perpignan. The Pyrénées-Orientales is part of the region of Occitanie.
The area is traditionally divided into comarques, of which five (French Cerdagne, Capcir, Conflent, Roussillon and Vallespir) are historically Catalan-speaking and one (Fenouillèdes) is historically Occitan-speaking.
There are 3 "arrondissements" (districts), 17 "cantons" and 226 "communes" (municipalities) in the Pyrénées-Orientales.
The following is a list of the 17 cantons of the Pyrénées-Orientales department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
Pyrénées-Orientales has a population, in 2014, of 466,327, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Perpignan, with 349,959 inhabitants, is by far the largest. The other two, Ceret and Prades, have respectively 73,192 and 43,176 inhabitants.
The only important city is Perpignan with 120,605 people living there in 2012. The subprefectures Céret and Prades have 7,663 and 5,927, respectively.
Evolution of the population in Pyrénées-Orientales
The cities with more than 6,000 inhabitants in the department are:
The inhabitants of Pyrénées-Orientales are known, in French, as "Pyrénaliens" (women: "Pyrénaliennes") or "Catalans" (women: "Catalanes").
French is spoken by almost all the population. Minority languages in the region are Catalan and Occitan, which between them are estimated to be spoken by rather more than a quarter of the population and understood by more than 40%.
On 10 December 2007, the "Departamental Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales" recognized Catalan as a regional language of the department, though French is still the only official language in France, according to the Constitution.
Pyrénées-Orientales is a wine-growing area and a tourist destination.
The area is famous for its wine with the predominately red grape varieties grown all over the department.
Bas-Rhin
Bas-Rhin ( ​]; Alsatian: "Unterelsàss", "‘s Unterlànd" or "‘s Ingerlànd"; traditional German: "Niederrhein"; English: Lower Rhine) is a department in the Grand Est region of France, named after the Rhine river that flows along its eastern border. The prefecture (capital) of Bas-Rhin is Strasbourg.
Bas-Rhin means "Lower Rhine", however, geographically speaking it belongs to the "Upper Rhine" region. This is the last French department to have kept the term "Bas", meaning "Lower", in its name. Other departments using this word preferred to change their names.
Bas-Rhin is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was divided in four districts: Haguenau, Benfeld, Strasbourg and Wissembourg, with Strasbourg as is capital. Soon, the district of Sarre-Union was created and the name of the district of Benfeld was changed to Sélestat (in its origins, Schlestadt).
In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the five districts were changed into four "arrondissements": Strasbourg, Barr, Saverne and Wissembourg. The subprefecture of Barr was moved to Schlestadt (Sélestat) in 1806.
The Bas-Rhin department was eliminated in 1871 when the territory became part of Germany.
In 1919, Bas-Rhin is again an department when the territory became part of France with the "arrondissements" Strasbourg-Ville, Strasbourg-Campagne, Erstein, Haguenau, Molsheim, Saverne, Sélestat and Wissembourg.
The "arrondissements" Sélestat and Erstein were combined in 1974 to form the "arrondissement" of Sélestat-Erstein.
In 2015, the "arrondissements" Strasbourg-Campagne and Wissembourg were eliminated and their territories passed to the remaining "arrondissements", and only 5 were kept: Haguenau-Wissembourg, Molsheim, Saverne, Sélestat-Erstein and Strasbourg.
The Bas-Rhin department is in the Grand Est region and borders 5 departments, all in the Grand Est region: Haut-Rhin to the south, Vosges to the southwest, Meurthe-et-Moselle to the west and Moselle to the northwest. To the north and east, the department borders Germany along the Rhine river.
Bas-Rhin has an area of . Its highest point is Champ de Feu () in the southwestern part of the department; it is high.
The main river in the department is the Rhine that forms the eastern border of the department, and of France.
The area around Strasbourg, at an altitude of about , is characterized by climates with few extremes of temperature. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Strasbourg is a "Marine West Coast Climate" and of the subtype "Cfb".
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Strasbourg is . The month with the most precipitation on average is July with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of .
The average temperature for the year in Strasbourg is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .
Bas-Rhin is managed by the "Departmental Council of Bas-Rhin" in Strasbourg. The department is part of the Grand Est region.
There are 5 "arrondissements" (districts), 23 "cantons" and 517 "communes" (municipalities) in Bas-Rhin.
The following is a list of the 23 cantons of the Bas-Rhin department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of the Bas-Rhin department are known, in French, as "Bas-Rhinois" or (women: "Bas-Rhinoises"),
Bas-Rhin had a population, in 2014, of 1,112,815, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Strasbourg, with 484,157 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Bas-Rhin
The 10 "communes" with more inhabitants in the Bas-Rhin department are:
Haut-Rhin
Haut-Rhin is a department in the Grand Est region of France, named after the Rhine river that flows along its eastern border. Its name means "Upper Rhine". The prefecture (capital) of Haut-Rhin is Colmar.
Haut-Rhin is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was divided in three districts: Altkirch, Belfort and Colmar, with Colmar as is capital.
In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the three districts were changed into five "arrondissements": Colmar, Altkirch, Belfort, Delémont and Porrentruy. The "arrondissements" Delémont and Porrentruy were eliminated in 1814 and transferred to Switzerland.
The subprefecture of Altkirch was moved to Mulhouse in 1857.
The Haut-Rhin department was eliminated in 1871 when the territory became part of Germany except for a part that forms the Territoire de Belfort.
In 1919, Haut-Rhin is again an department when the territory became part of France with the "arrondissements" Colmar-Ville, Colmar-Campagne, Altkirch, Guebwiller, Mulhouse, Ribeauvillé and Thann. Its capital is Colmar.
The "arrondissements" Colmar-Ville and Colmar-Campagne were combined in 1934 to form the "arrondissement" of Colmar.
In 2015, the "arrondissements" of Guebwiller and Ribeauvillé were eliminated and the name of the "arrondissements" of Thann and Colmar were changed to Thann-Guebwiller and Colmar-Ribeauvillé.
Haut-Rhin is the smaller and less populated of the two departments of the former administrative Alsace region. It is in the Grand Est region and borders 3 departments in 2 regionsː
To the east, the department borders Germany along the Rhine river, and to the south it borders with Switzerland.
Haut-Rhin has an area of . Its highest point is Grand Ballon () in the Vosges Mountains, in the eastern part of the department; it is high. The lowest point is high along the Rhine river.
The area around Colmar, at an altitude of about , is characterized by climates with few extremes of temperature. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Strasbourg is a "Marine West Coast Climate" and of the subtype "Cfb".
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Strasbourg is . The month with the most precipitation on average is June with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of .
Haut-Rhin is managed by the "Departmental Council of Haut-Rhin" in Colmar. The department is part of the Grand Est region.
There are 4 "arrondissements" (districts), 17 "cantons" and 366 "communes" (municipalities) in Haut-Rhin.
The following is a list of the 17 cantons of the Haut-Rhin department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
The inhabitants of the Haut-Rhin department are known, in French, as "Haut-Rhinois" or (women: "Haut-Rhinoises"),
Haut-Rhin had a population, in 2014, of 760,134, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Mulhouse, with 350,032 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Haut-Rhin
The 10 "communes" with more inhabitants in the Haut-Rhin department are:
Rhône (department)
Rhône is a department in the center of France in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Its prefecture is Lyon and about 1,646,000 people live there (2006 estimation).
Haute-Saône
Haute-Saône is a department in the east of France. It is in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. It is named after the Saône river and its capital (prefecture) is the city of Vesoul.
Haute-Saône is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was formed from part of the old province of "Franche-Comté".
It was divided in six districts: Jussey, Luxeuil, Lure, Vesoul, Gray and Champlitte with the capital in Gray alternating with Vesoul. In 1794, only Gray remained as the capital.
In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the six districts were changed into three "arrondissements": Vesoul, Gray and Lure; the capital was moved from Gray to Vesoul.
On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Gray was eliminated.
Haute-Saône is part of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. It has an area of .
The department borders with 6 other departments in two regions:
The main river in the department is the Saône, that flows through the department from northeast to southwest. The highest mountain in the department is "Ballon de Servance" (), high; it is in the "commune" Servance-Miellin.
The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Lure is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Maritime Temperate climate) and of the subtype Cfb.
The average temperature for the year in Lure is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month, on average is January, with an average temperature of .
The average amount of precipitation (rainfall) for the year in Lure is . The month with the most precipitation on average is August with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is March with an average of .
Haute-Saône is managed by the "Departmental Council of Haute-Saône" in Vesoul. The department is part of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region.
There are 2 "arrondissements" (districts), 17 "cantons" and 542 "communes" (municipalities) in Haute-Saône.