AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Easy Rider is a 1969 American road movie directed by Dennis Hopper, and written by Hopper, Peter Fonda and Terry Southern. It tells the story of two bikers who travel through the American Southwest and South for freedom. The success of the movie helped spark the New Hollywood phase of movie making during the early 1970s. The movie was added to the Library of Congress National Registry in 1998.
The movie was said to be a counterculture movie. "Easy Rider" explores the societal landscape, issues, and tensions in the United States during the 1960s, such as the rise and fall of the hippie movement, drug use, and communal lifestyle.
"Easy Rider" is famous for its use of real drugs in its portrayal of marijuana and other substances.
Hopper received the First Film Award ("Prix de la première œuvre") at the 1969 Cannes Film Festival. At the Academy Awards, Nicholson was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. The movie was also nominated for Best Writing, Story and Screenplay Based on Material Not Previously Published or Produced.
The movie is at number 88 on the American Film Institute's list of 100 Years, 100 Movies.
Gaby Hoffmann
Gabriella "Gaby" Hoffmann (born January 1982) is an American movie and television series actress who also did some commercials. She starred in the 1988 comedy "Uncle Buck" and "Field of Dreams", a 1989 movie.
Bob Newhart
Bob Newhart (born September 5, 1929) is an American actor and stand up comedian. He has performed on many television sitcoms. One of them was his self-titled sitcom "The Bob Newhart Show". He also appeared in the Christmas comedy movie "Elf".
In 2011, Newhart made a cameo in the movie "Horrible Bosses", and in 2013 he guest starred in an episode of "The Big Bang Theory", for which he won his very first acting Emmy Award on September 15, 2013.
Newhart was born in Oak Park, Illinois on September 5, 1929. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. Newhart studied at Loyola University at Chicago. He served in the United States Army before his acting career began. Newhart has been married to Virginia Quinn since 1963. They have four children.
Della Reese
Della Reese (July 6, 1931 – November 19, 2017) was an American singer, (television) actress, and Christian minister. She started acting in the 1950s. She was best known for performing as Tess in the CBS drama "Touched by an Angel" (which began September 1994 and ended in 2003). She was born in Detroit, Michigan.
Reese died of complications from diabetes on November 19, 2017 in Encino, California at the age of 86.
Valerie June Carter Cash (June 23, 1929 - May 15, 2003) was an American singer, actress, and dancer. She was the second wife of singer Johnny Cash. She and Johnny had many hit records in their careers. She died due to complications of surgery. Her widower, Johnny, died four months after her. She was the cousin of President of the United States Jimmy Carter.
June Carter Cash was born Valerie June Carter in Maces Spring, Virginia, to Maybelle Carter and Ezra Carter. She was born into country music and performed with the Carter Family from the age of ten, beginning in 1939. June and her sisters, with mother Maybelle and aunt Sara joining in from time to time, reclaimed the name "The Carter Family" for their act during the 1960s and 1970s.
Carter was married three times and had one child with each husband. All three of her children would go on to have successful careers in country music. Her last marriage was to Johnny Cash. In 1968, Cash proposed to Carter during a live performance at the London Ice House in London, Ontario, Canada. They married on March 1 in Franklin, Kentucky, and remained married until her death in May 2003, just four months before Cash died. The couple's son, John Carter Cash, is a musician, songwriter and producer.
June Carter Cash died in Nashville, Tennessee, on May 15, 2003, of complications following heart-valve replacement surgery, in the company of her family and her husband of 35 years, Johnny Cash.
Tanya Roberts
Tanya Roberts (born Victoria Leigh Blum; October 15, 1955 – January 4, 2021) was an American actress, producer, and model. She appeared in many movies and television series. Roberts was born in Bronx, New York, and has both an English and a Jewish background.
She was known for her role as Julie Rogers on the fifth and final season of "Charlie's Angels" (1980–81) and as Midge Pinciotti on "That '70s Show" (1998–2001). She was a Bond girl in "A View to a Kill" (1985).
On December 24, 2020, Roberts collapsed suddenly at her home in Los Angeles. She was hospitalized under critical condition at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and she developed a urinary tract infection and sepsis. Roberts died on January 4, 2021 at aged 65.
"Miss You" is a song by American singer Aaliyah. It was written in 1998, by Johnta Austin, Ginuwine and Teddy Bishop. The song was recorded for Aaliyah's third album (2001). However, it was decided not to be included on the album. "Miss You" remained an unreleased song. When Aaliyah died in the Bahamas in August 2001, it was released on her greatest hits album "I Care 4 U" (2002). It was released as the first single from the album in 2003.
The song is a ballad. It was given positive reviews from music critics. It reached the top twenty in Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland. In the US, the song reached number one on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and number three on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart. It then became Aaliyah's highest-charting single after her 2000 number one single "Try Again" featuring Timbaland.
A music video of the song was released. It was directed by Darren Grant. It features Aaliyah's friends and other artists lip synching the song. These artists include Missy Elliott, Lil' Kim, Toni Braxton, Queen Latifah, Rosario Dawson and Quincy Jones among others. The music video was nominated for Best R&B Video at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards. American rapper Jay-Z used the instrumental and chorus of "Miss You" for its official remix version.
"Miss You" was written by Johnta Austin and Teddy Bishop. It was produced by Bishop. It was originally written for American R&B singer Ginuwine's second album "100% Ginuwine" (1999). During the fall of 1999, when Aayliah was recording songs for her next album in the Manhattan Center Studios, she asked Austin and Bishop if she could hear what they written for other artists. Ginuwine had already recorded "Miss You", which was originally titled as "I Miss You". Bishop told in an interview, "She was like, 'I want to cut this record' [...] She got on the phone, called him and said 'Hey I know you cut this record already, but I would love to cut it'." Ginuwine, who also co-wrote the song, allowed her to record her own version. Aaliyah redone the entire song and recorded that night. Aaliyah wanted the song to be on her next album. However her record company, Blackground Records, did not believe it would be successful. It was left unreleased until her death in August 2001.
Slant Magazine called the single "Aaliyah-lite". MusicOMH.com gave a positive review of the song and said that it is the best new song from her album. A writer from Allmusic believed "Miss You" was not the best of her productions with Timbaland but said it "stand[s] up well".
"Miss You" debuted at number 55 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart. It then reached number three. It was the eighth best-song of that year for the Hot 100. It was the third best-song of that year on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. In the week of November 22, 2008, "Miss You" debuted at number 38 on the Top Ringtone chart. This marked its fifth year since it was first released.
A music video for the song was released. It was directed by Darren Grant. It features Aaliyah's friends and other artists lip synching to the song. The video was shot in two locations. These include Long Island City, New York and Los Angeles, California. American artists Tweet, Lil' Kim, Jaheim, and Lil' Jon were among those who came to the Long Island shoot. However, Jamie Foxx, DMX, Quincy Jones, and Ananda Lewis were some of the celebrities who appeared at the Los Angeles shoot.
There are clips of Aaliyah on the music video. These include some footage's of her in her music videos and in others. "Miss You" reached number 23 on BET: Notarized Top 100 videos of 2003.
Documents on the Persian Gulf's name
Documents on the Persian Gulf's name the eternal heritage ancient time is a book and atlas written and compiled by Dr. M. Ajam. It was published first on 2004. A second edition was published under the supervision of Dr. Pirouz Mojtahedzadeh and Dr.Mohammad Hassan Ganji in 2009.
At the eleventh International Festival of Iran's Best Research and Researchers of 2010, this book received the Gold Coin of best Award presented by the Vice President of Iran. This book has received many other awards and numerous other letters of appreciation, among them former president Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani The book was candidate to receive prize of the year book in Iran. the book was considered among the best books in the last 50 years on Persian Gulf issues in Iran.
A documentary film titled "Persian Gulf Name in the Course of History" has been filmed, mainly based on this book.
The book has 6 chapters.
This book was first published online in 2001.Then was published in 2004 in color and a newer version of it was released in 2009. The contents of this book have been repeatedly published in the Persian media. According to the suggestion of this book,the Persian Gulf National Day was registered by the Iranian government in 2005.Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran - Tokyo- A book and atlas
part of the book also had been included in the book “Persian Gulf" by Javad Nourouzi and published into 10 languages : Persian, Arabic, English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Russian, Chinese and Urdu
The first chapter covers geographical and political issues of the Persian Gulf, historical recorded documents on the "Persian Gulf" name, the recent Persian Gulf naming dispute, and the 3 Islands.
1-1 The records and description the Persian Gulf by early Travelers and Geographers, including written description by Muslim travelers and European geographers.
Record the 300 historians, travelers and geographers of The Middle Ages, especially those writing in Arabic and Persian from the 9th to the 15th century.According to the book “Documents on the Persian Gulf's Name, the Eternal Heritage of Ancient Time,” the term Persian Gulf and its equivalents have been used continuously since earlier than 400 BC in all languages, especially in the Arabic language.
On almost all maps printed before 1960, and in most modern international treaties, documents and maps, this body of water is known by the name "Persian Gulf."
Following British attempts to control the seaway in the late 1830s, the "Times Journal", published in London in 1840, referred to the Persian Gulf as the "Britain Sea", but this name was never used in any other context.
page 98 -122 explain Some of the most important historical atlases which have the Persian gulf name such as:
On almost all maps printed before 1960, and in most modern international treaties, documents and maps, this body of water is known as"Persian Gulf" or equivalent.
According to the book Documents on the Persian Gulf's pages ( 92–98), the United Nations Secretariat and its specialized agencies have requested its staff many times to use only "Persian Gulf" as a standard geographical designation.
The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names discussed the naming issue during its 23rd session, held in Vienna from 28 March to 4 April 2006. According to the report of the meeting, "It is interesting that from among 6000 existing historical maps published up to 1890, there are only three maps mentioning the names of Basreh Gulf, Ghatif Gulf, and Arabic Gulf, which are in fact bays but in local language both the bays and the gulf is called khaleej(Gulf) but such names are not applied to the entirety of the Persian Gulf. It is obvious that the promotional use by the Arabs of the three aforementioned maps, whose identity and originality are not clear, in comparison with 6000 maps and more than 200 historical and tourism books from Irastus to Herodotus to Estakhri and Ibn Houghal, who have all called the water body, Persian Gulf, shall lack any value."
The United Nations has 8 times stated in its statements, amendments and resolutions that the name "Persian Gulf" is official, and called on the staff of the Secretariat and other affiliated organizations to use the full name of the Persian Gulf in official correspondence. some of the enlistments are as follow:
Official Documents System - Home Page
The report further notes that "any change, destruction, or alteration of the names registered in historical deeds and maps is like the destruction of ancient works and is considered as an improper action. Therefore, the names of geographical features profiting from a unique historical identity, should not be utilized as political instruments in reaching a political, tribal, and racial objective, or in any clash with national interests and other's values,".
The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), an international body for provision of hydrographic information for worldwide marine navigation and other purposes, uses the name "Gulf of Iran (Persian Gulf)" for this body of water, in its standard S-23 (Limits of Oceans and Seas), section 41, published in 1953.
The United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency GEOnet Names Server (GNS) is the "official repository of standard spellings of all foreign place names" The GNS lists "Persian Gulf" as the "Conventional" name.
Iran uses only Persian Gulf since 2000 Some atlases and media outlets have taken to referring to it as"The Gulf" without adjective. Iran does not consider this an impartial usage and views it as the ignore of the historical and legal facts.
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad made a speech to the United Nations General Assembly during which he said that the only correct name of the sea between Iran and the Arabian peninsula was the Persian Gulf, and he dismissed the use of any other names as “illegitimate and void.Iran officially designated 30 April as National Persian Gulf Day. The date coincides with the anniversary of Abbas I of Persia's successful military campaign when the Portuguese navy was driven out of the Strait of Hormuz in the Capture of Hormuz (1622). The decision was taken by the High Council of Cultural Revolution, noting that the campaign launched in 2009 by certain Arab states to rename Persian Gulf was the driver behind the decision.
Pages 126 to 146 of the book contain material and quotes about the confession of many contemporary Arab leaders and elites about the legitimacy of the name of the Persian Gulf.
Jamal Abdel Nasser and other Arabs leaders were using the Persian gulf. Abdel Khaleq al-Janabi, a Saudi Arabian historian, said "It's this name [Persian Gulf] that has been retained by history books and Arab historians, like Ibn Khaldoun and Ibn al Athir. It's also in treaties signed between the governors of the gulf and the British who dominated the region from the beginning of the 20th century ... From a scientific and historical point of view, it has been called the Persian Gulf since Alexander the Great". He said that it was "without foundation" to claim the Romans named it "Arabian Gulf". "Things didn't change until Nasser came to power and the rise of Arab nationalism. The Arabs then began to use the name 'Arabian Gulf, he added.
And many prominent scholars and political and religious leaders such as Professor Abdelhadi Tazi, Ahmad al-Saraf, Abdelilah Benkirane (Prime Minister of 2011-2013 Morocco), Abdul Monem Saeed, Abdul Khaliq al-Janabi, Qaradawi, Gen. Majdi Omar, Former First Deputy of the Egyptian National Defense Council in recent decades have commented on the authenticity of the name of the Persian Gulf and the lack of justification for changing the name.
Differentiation between Indian Ocean, Persian Sea and Persian Gulf.
In ancient times usually Iranian were considering there is a long sea all around the world called(Mohit) ocean and from this long round ocean separate two large sea called Persian sea and (Rum ) Mediterranean sea. even in Quran it mentions 2 sea (Bahrain) some other geographer mentioned the world has 7 seas and the most important seas are : Bahr Mohit (ocean) , Persian sea ,Mediterranean sea , Africa sea (Habasha) and china sea.
In the past The Indian ocean and Arabian sea historically and geographically has been referred to with different names by Turks, Persian and Arabs,and others ,In “the Voyage around the Erythraean” first century it is called Erythraean and also Persian Sea, in para33-34-35.,
expert of Geography and cartography in medieval Islam, usually named it as Persian sea a vast sea from vak vak island (including Thailand coast and Andaman sea to the west Basra bay and to the red sea. some of them called all body of water in north Indian ocean as the Persian sea (Bahre Fars) and the south part as Erythraean sea European geographers and travelers, also Differentiated between Persian sea and Persian gulf and Indian ocean.
geographers in medieval Islam were using the word Bahre Fars بحر فارس (Persian sea) to mention the current body of water in the north of Indian Ocean, In the Book Documents on the Persian Gulf's name, Pages 60 to 84 explained the description of the Persian Sea in the 40 books of Muslims from10 to 18 centuries . they called the seas of south part of Iran, Indian subcontinent and the Arabian Peninsula as the Persian Sea, sometimes Indian sea and rarely Macran sea and Oman sea among them :
Ibn Khordadbeh, Muhammad al-Idrisi, Istakhri, Mahmud, al-Khwarizmi , Zakariya al-Qazwini, Al-Masudi , Ibn Hawqal, Ibn al-Faqih, Ibn Rustah, Sohrab, Ramhormozi, Farisi al Istakhri,Tahir al-Maqdisi (d. 966), Ibn Khaldun, Mohammad ibn Najub Bekiran, Abu Rayhan Biruni, Yaqut al-Hamawi,Abu'l-Fida, Al-Dimashqi, Hamdollah Mostowfi, Al-Nuwayri, Ibn Batutta,Katip Çelebi have used the terms, "Bahr-i Mohit i Ajam", "Bahr-i-Fars", (Persian sea), and "Bahr-i Mokran/Mecran", "Bahr-e Al Akhzar" (green) to refer to the current Arabian sea. None of them used the term Arabian sea.
the book cited description of the Persian sea from the book (Sourat Ard)Face of the Earth page 42 Written by Ibn Hawql: ” … after Arabs lands should be mentioned The Sea of Persia because Persian sea includes most of Arabs borders, the Arab peninsula are connected to this sea ,the Persian sea connected to many countries of Islam. this sea start from the Qulzam(Red sea ) it ends to Eble (Basra bay), then It crosses Siraf (Bushehr) then extends to the Hormuz and Macran and the coasts of Multan, which is the coasts of Sindh (Pakistan) which the boundaries of the countries of Islam is ended then the Persian sea continues to the coasts of India finally in east it connect to the sea of China”.
at least 40 Muslim geographers explained Persian sea, they were considering the world only have 7 seas and the vast sea was Persian sea and Rum sea. they did not mentioned Arabian sea this name first used by European cartographer of 17 century .
Chapter 3 discusses the history of falsification of the name of the Persian Gulf. In this chapter, the role of Arab nationalist leaders - the role of religious leaders - the role of the Arab media is examined.
and Focus on the controversy between Iran and Arab countries and how it developed
Mentions other names used by other countries and throughout history.
According to the pages(92–98), the United Nations Secretariat and specialized agencies of the United Nations agencies have requested its staff many times to use only "Persian Gulf" as a standard geographical designation.
part 7 page 87 is about British control and colonialist time of controlling the Persian gulf . Portuguese, Netherlands and British.
For about 200 years, from 1763 until 1971, the United Kingdom kept some control over some of the Persian Gulf lands. The lands were current states of the United Arab Emirates and at various times Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, and Qatar.
Basra BahreFars(Persian Gulf's name in the time Ottoman Empire official map printed in the Book's Documents section.
Some of the historical maps and documents Which is introduced in this book.3d pan white - Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran - Tokyo- Introducing a Book and Atlas
Derek Tsang
Derek Tsang(曾國祥, born 8 November 1979) is an actor, director and screenwriter from Hong Kong. He is Eric Tsang's son. He appeared in "The Thieves" movie.
Gabrielle Union
Gabrielle Union (born October 29, 1972 in Omaha, Nebraska) is an American movie actress. She has starred in many movies. She was in the 2003 movie "Bad Boys II" with Martin Lawrence and Will Smith.
William John Macquorn Rankine
William John Macquorn Rankine (born July 5, 1820 in Edinburgh – died December 24, 1872 in Glasgow) was a Scottish physicist and engineer. He developed the Rankine scale. He made many important contributions to the thermodynamics. His manuals of engineering science and practice were used for many decades after their publication, in the 1850s and 1860s.
Gabby Douglas
Gabrielle Christina Victoria Douglas (born December 31, 1995 in Virginia Beach, Virginia) is an American gymnast. She competed with the United States' women's gymnastics team in the 2012 Summer Olympics. She won gold medals in both the individual all-around and team competitions. (In the "all-around" competition, gymnasts do all four gymnastics activities - balance beam, vault, uneven bars, and floor exercise.)
Douglas is the first African-American woman in Olympic history to win first place in the individual all-around competition. She is also the first American gymnast who ever won gold medals in both the all-around and team competitions at the same Olympics.
Douglas started gymnastics at age 6. Her sister Arielle, who had broken her wrist doing gymnastics, convinced their mother to let Gabby start taking gymnastics classes. In October 2002, Douglas began her training at Gymstrada Gymnastics in Virginia Beach, Virginia. In July 2004, she left Gymstrada and began training at Excalibur Gymnastics.
At age 16, Douglas made it to the Olympic Trials. She won first place and got a spot on the United States' 2012 women's gymnastics Olympic team. Her teammates were Jordyn Wieber, McKayla Maroney, Kyla Ross, and Aly Raisman. They won the team all-around gold medal, and Gabby also won the individual all-around gold medal.
Phil Hartman
Phillip Edward Hartmann (known professionally as Phil Hartman; September 24, 1948 - May 28, 1998) was a Canadian-born American graphic designer, artist, writer, comedian, voice artist, and actor. Hartman was born in Brantford, Ontario, Canada and he then moved to the United States with his family at the age of 10 and then became an American citizen in 1990. Hartman was a cast member of "Saturday Night Live".
Hartman was born Philip Edward Hartmann on September 24, 1948 in Brantford, Ontario, Canada. He was the fourth of eight children of Doris Marguerite (Wardell) and Rupert Loebig Hartmann, a salesman specializing in building materials. One of his brothers is named John Hartman. His parents were Catholic and raised their children in that faith. As a middle child, Hartman found affection hard to earn and stated: "I suppose I didn't get what I wanted out of my family life, so I started seeking love and attention elsewhere."
Hartman got his start in show business as a performing member of the comedy troupe, "Groundlings". Hartman then joined the cast of "Saturday Night Live" in 1987, and stayed on the show for 8 years. Hartman also did prominent voice acting roles on "The Simpsons" until his untimely death in 1998. He was also part of the main cast on the critically-acclaimed sitcom "News Radio", until his murder. Hartman, before becoming an actor and performer, worked as an album designer and graphic artist for multiple rock bands such as Poco, America and Crosby, Stills and Nash, while also co-creating the signature logo for the latter group. Hartman had also co-created the character Pee-wee Herman together along with his fellow Groundlings member and associate Paul Reubens. Hartman also co-wrote the screenplay for the film "Pee-wee's Big Adventure".
He had also appeared in multiple films such as "Coneheads", "Kiki's Delivery Service", "Cheech & Chong's Next Movie", "House Guest", "The Pagemaster", "Small Soldiers" and "Jingle All The Way", among many others. Hartman was also a prolific voice actor who had voice roles in several cartoons, such as "Scooby Doo", "The Simpsons", "", "Darkwing Duck" and "The Smurfs".
One of Hartman's last notable projects was in the 1998 video game "Blasto", released for the PlayStation.
On May 27, 1998, Brynn returned to home that night and had a big fight with her husband. After the fight, Phil told her that if she ever used any drugs or abuse their children, then he would break up with her and take the children with him.
Later on May 28, 1998 at almost 3:00 AM, while he slept in his bed, Phil died at the hands of his wife, Brynn Omdahl-Hartman, by a revolver. Brynn, intoxicated and under the influence of cocaine and alcohol, drove to the home of a friend, and confessed to the murder. Returning to the house, with the couple's two children asleep inside, Mrs. Hartman pulled to gun to her head, and ended her life at around 6:30 AM. Phil Hartman was cremated days later, with his ashes spread over an island off the coast of Southern California.
The Hartmans' two children, Sean Edward Hartman (born in 1989) and Birgen Anika Hartman (born in 1992), were raised by their aunt and uncle, Katherine Omdahl (Brynn's sister) and Michael Wright in Minnesota.
Gloria Gaynor (born Gloria Fowles, September 7, 1949 near Newark, New Jersey) is an American recording artist and musician. She performed disco in the 1970s. She is best known for her classic song "I Will Survive".
John Forsythe
John Forsythe (born Jacob Lincoln Freund; January 29, 1918 April 1, 2010) was an American stage, television, and movie actor.
Forsythe born on January 29, 1918 in Penns Grove, New Jersey to Blanche Materson (née Blohm) and to Samuel Jeremiah Freund. Forsythe was the oldest of three. Forsythe was raised in Brooklyn, New York. He was educated at Abraham Lincoln High School and at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill along with late actors R. G. Armstrong and Andy Griffith.
His career began when he was an announcer for the Brooklyn Dodgers. Forsythe's movie career began in 1943 in the movie "Northern Pursuit" and since then he had appeared in many movies such as; "Destination Tokyo", "Escape from Fort Bravo", "Madame X", "Topaz", "Scrooged", and his final movie was the 2003 movie "" that is the sequel to the movie that is based on the television series "Charlie's Angels" in which Forsythe starred in.
Forsythe had starred in television series, but his most notable television works is in "Dynasty" as Blake Carrington and as Charles Townsend in the hit series "Charlie's Angels". Forsythe was also in "The Powers That Be", and was a Miss Universe host in 1989.
Forsythe has won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Television Series Drama in 1984 for his role in "Dynasty".
Forsythe was married three times. He married Parker McCormick in 1939. They divorced in 1943. He married Julie Warren in 1943. She died in 1994 when Forsythe decided to turn her off of life support when she had breathing problems. He married Nicole Carter in 2003. They were married until his death in 2010. Forsythe had a son, two daughters, six grandchildren, and four great-grandchildren.
Forsythe died on April 1, 2010 from complications of pneumonia in Santa Ynez, California. He was 92 years old. His widow Nicole Carter died 40 days later. He is buried at Oak Hill Cemetery in Santa Barbara, California. He is survived by his son, his two daughters, six grandchildren, and four great-grandchildren.
Spinal muscular atrophy
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a serious genetic disease that causes nerves and muscles to stop working. Babies affected by SMA often get weak and might die after their lungs fail. Adults who develop the disease gradually lose the ability to move their bodies. The muscle weakness is known to worsen as the patient ages.
Spinal muscular atrophy is inherited from parents who might or might not have the disease themselves but both of whom have a fault (mutation) in their genes that predisposes to the disease. Around one in 25 to one in 50 persons, depending on the country, carries a faulty gene of SMA.
Spinal muscular atrophy is the most common genetic disease causing deaths of babies. Only one medicine helps in SMA, it is called Spinraza.
It can already be observed before birth. It is the most rare and most severe form of the condition. Infants who have it tend to move less in the womb. As a result, they are often born with joint deformities or contractures. They have very weak muscle tone (hypotonia) at birth. Their respiratory muscles are also very weak. Most of them do not survive past infancy due to respiratory failure. Some also develop congenital heart defects.
Also known as Werdnig-Hoffmann disease is the most common form of all. Its severe form can be seen at birth or within the first few months. Children affected cannot control their head movements. Others may struggle sitting down without any assistance. Others may have difficulty swallowing, which often lead to difficulty feeding. Some may also develop breathing problems because of the weakness of their respiratory muscles. Due to respiratory failure, most patients who suffer from this type of condition do not survive past early childhood.
It is also called Dubowitz disease. It is identified by muscle weakness that develops in children between ages 6 and 12 months. They usually cannot sit without support. Apart from difficulty sitting, they usually cannot stand nor walk without help. Other signs include involuntary trembling (tremors) in their fingers, develop scoliosis, and respiratory muscle weakness that can be life-threatening. Many individuals with this type of condition often can only live up to their twenties or thirties.
Another name is Kugelberg-Welander disease. It causes muscle weakness in mid-childhood. While many can stand and walk earlier on without much help, as the condition progresses over time, walking and climbing stairs tend to become increasingly difficult for them. Most individuals suffering from this condition tend to require wheelchair assistance later in their lives. Unlike other types, they usually have normal life span.
It is rare and usually manifests in early adulthood. Patients often experience mild to moderate muscle weakness, tremors, and very mild breathing problems.
African traditional religion
Traditional African religions are the traditions of the religious groups in Africa. After Christianity and Islam, they are the third-biggest religious group in Africa. These religions still stick to their traditions. They are folk religions, and combine different beliefs. In general, people in the cities confess to either Christianity or Islam. The people outside the cities believe in the traditional religions. These religions are omnipresent in everyday life. All that happens has a supernatural cause, rooted in religion. People are born with a certain religion. Normally conversions from one belief system to another do not take place. There is a central belief in a "life force" which links everyday life with the metaphysical. Generally, such religions are full of life, and have a low esteem for an ascetic lifestyle. There is also the fear of spirits, the dead, and of magic, which influence everyday life.
Helsingborg
Helsingborg is a city in Sweden. It is the seat of Helsingborg Municipality, Skåne County. In 2010, 97,122 people lived there.
Patricia Campbell "Patty" Hearst (born February 20, 1954) is an American socialite and kidnapping victim. On February 4, 1974, Hearst was kidnapped from her apartment. Her experience may have been a case of Stockholm syndrome. She went on to commit robbery with the gang who kidnapped her. Natasha Richardson played Hearst in the movie "Patty Hearst".
Beatrice Roberts
Alice Beatrice Roberts (March 7, 1905 July 24, 1970) was an American actress whose career lasted for 40 years. She is best known for being the wife of Robert L. Ripley and the mistress of Louis B. Mayer.
She was born on March 7, 1905 in Manhattan, New York City, New York. Roberts died on July 24, 1970 in Plymouth, Massachusetts from complications of pneumonia. She was 65.
Barbara Eden
Barbara Eden (born Barbara Jean Huffman August 23, 1931) is an American actress. She is best known for her acting in the sitcom "I Dream of Jeannie". She has been featured in other television series. She was born in Tuscon, Arizona. She was raised in San Francisco.
Eden has been married three times. Her first marriage was to Michael Ansara in 1958. They divorced in 1972. They had a son, Matthew Michael Ansara. On September 3, 1977, She married Charles Donald Fegert. They got divorced in 1983. She married Jon Eicholtz in January 1991.
Common juniper
The common juniper ("Juniperus communis") is a species in the genus "Juniperus", in the family Cupressaceae. It has the largest range of any woody plant. It is all over the cool temperate Northern Hemisphere. It can be found in North America, Europe and Asia.
"Juniperus communis" is a shrub or small coniferous evergreen tree. It is a low spreading shrub. Sometimes it can reach 10 m tall.
The seed cones are berry-like. They are green when ripening. In 18 months they change to purple-black with a blue waxy coating.
It is too small to be used for lumber. In Scandinavia, however, juniper wood is used for making containers. These containers store small amounts of dairy products such as butter and cheese. In Estonia juniper wood is valued for its long lasting and pleasant aroma. Various decorative items (often eating utensils) are common in most Estonian handicraft shops and households.
Its astringent blue-black seeds, commonly known as "Juniper berries", are too bitter to eat raw. They are usually sold dried and used to flavour meats, sauces, and stuffings. They are generally crushed before use to release their flavour. The berries are used to flavour certain beers and gin. The Slovak national alcoholic beverage Borovička is also flavoured with juniper berry extract.
Juniper berries have long been used as medicine by many cultures. Juniper berries act as a strong urinary tract disinfectant if eaten. They were used by Native Americans as an herbal remedy for diabetes. Western American tribes combined the berries of "Juniperus communis" with Berberis root bark in a herbal tea. Native Americans also used juniper berries as a female contraceptive.
Snail kite
The snail kite ("Rostrhamus sociabilis") is a bird of prey. It is in the family Accipitridae, which also includes the eagles, hawks, and Old World vultures.
Snail kites are long with a wingspan. They weigh from .
They have long, broad, and rounded wings. Its tail is long with a white rump. The dark, deeply hooked beak measures .
It flies slowly with its head facing downwards to see its prey. It mostly eats large apple snails.
The snail kite lives in tropical South America, the Caribbean, and central and southern Florida in the United States. It nests in a bush or on the ground and lays 3–4 eggs.
Old World vulture
Old World vultures belong to the family Accipitridae. This family also includes eagles, buzzards, kites, and hawks.
Old World vultures are not closely related to New World vultures and condors. They do not share that group's good sense of smell.
Both Old World and New World vultures are scavenging birds. They feed mostly from carcasses of dead animals. Old World vultures find carcasses only by sight. Many vultures have a bald head, with no feathers or short down feathers. Because of how a vulture eats, their head is spattered with blood and other fluids. They are able to keep clean by not having long feathers on their head.
There are two groups of Old World vultures. The first group has the Egyptian vulture, bearded vulture, and palm-nut vulture. Some scientists put this group into a separate subfamily called "Gypaetinae", which means "eagle-vultures". It is related to the group of bazas, honey-buzzards and cuckoo-hawks, which are much smaller birds. The second group has all the other species. It is related to the booted eagles, which is a group of eagles that have feathers on their legs down to their toes.
The palm-nut vulture is unusual, because it feeds mainly on the fruit of the oil palm.
Genus "Gypaetus"
Genus "Neophron"
Genus "Gypohierax"
Genus "Aegypius"
Genus "Gyps"
Genus "Necrosyrtes"
Genus "Sarcogyps"
Genus "Torgos"
Genus "Trigonoceps"
Kite (bird)
Kites are raptors. They have long wings and weak legs. They spend most of the time soaring. Most feed mainly on carrion. Some take live prey.
They are birds of prey which, along with hawks and eagles, are from the family Accipitridae.
A few of the Perninae are also called kites.
A buzzard in biology is a member of the genus Buteo. In general talk it may be one of several large birds.
In the Old World buzzard can mean:
In the New World 'buzzard' may mean:
Scientifically, these are all buzzards.
Sacred kingfisher
The sacred kingfisher ("Todiramphus sanctus") is a medium sized woodland kingfisher.
They live in mangroves, woodlands, forests, and river valleys in Australia, New Zealand, and other parts of the western Pacific. In New Zealand the species is also known by its Māori name Kōtare.
The sacred kingfisher is mostly turquoise, with white underparts and collar feathers. Both sexes are similar. The females are usually more dull colored. Juveniles have rusty-brown edges on the collar and underparts. The bird is long. They feed on insects, small crustaceans, fish, small rodents and reptiles. Usually, a bird will sit on a low branch and wait for prey to pass by. It swoops down to grab the prey and returns to its perch to eat, much like a hawk.
Once a pair of birds has mated, both members of the pair dig the nest. The nest is usually on a burrow in a river bank or a large, empty branch. The female lays about five eggs. Both birds incubate the eggs and take care of the young.
The Lady of Rage
Robin Yvette Allen (better known by her stage name The Lady of Rage; born February 6, 1968) is an American recording artist, rap musician and actress. Her most notable hit single is "Afro Puffs" in 1994, though she has had other songs.
Bill Finnegan
Operation Barbarossa (, named after Frederick I) was the code name for the European Axis invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II. It began on 22 June 1941. More than 3 million men attacked along the 2,900 km front, which made it the largest military invasion in human history. It also involved 600,000 motor vehicles and 750,000 horses.
Planning for the operation started in December 1940. The attack was to start on May 15, and its main objective was to destroy the Soviet military power. Some Nazi ideological goals were included, as were Soviet deposits of natural resources which would be helpful to keep fighting the war against the Allies.
Even though the Soviets were in a terrible condition, the Axis did not complete its objectives. Tactically, the Germans held some of the most important economic areas of the Soviet Union, mainly in Ukraine. However, the Germans were pushed back from Moscow and could not do another attack as large and long as Operation Barbarossa on the Eastern Front.
The winter of 1941-1942 began unusually early. It was not noted as being particularly bad by the Soviets, but the Germans were accustomed to warmer temperatures and were ill-prepared. The Germans' equipment broke down in the cold, and some men were still wearing summer uniforms, which they stuffed with newspapers in an attempt to stay warm. Many German soldiers froze to death in the extreme cold.
Operation Barbarossa was followed in 1942 by the failed "Fall Blau" (Case Blue), which was intended to take the Caucasus region and its oilfields.
The German attack opened the Eastern Front, which is in Russia called the "Great Patriotic War". A few years later, the Soviets pushed the German soldiers and invaded the German-occupied territories in Eastern Europe.
The Soviets then invaded Germany itself and fought the Battle of Berlin, the final battle before Germany's surrender. Although the Soviets eventually repelled the Germans, the tremendous cost was five times as many Soviet deaths as Germans.
Operation Barbarossa was the largest military operation in human history by the number of men involved and by the number of people who died. The operation opened a theatre in which more men were involved than any other in history.
Hoxne
Hoxne (pronounced 'Hoxen') is an ancient village in Suffolk, England, about five miles (8 km) east-southeast of Diss, Norfolk
The area around the village is of great archaeological significance.
The village is also home to The Swan Inn. The Swan occupies a 15th Century, Grade II listed lodge, formerly known as Bishops Lodge. This pub is set at the bottom end of the village green, near Saint Edmund's memorial and bridge. Built in 1480 by the Bishop of Norwich, The Swan has a long history; both the restaurant and bars reflect Hoxne's ecclesiastical past, with ornate ceiling beams and wide-planked floors.
Type species
The term type species is used in the scientific naming of living things, and is part of a system using a so-called "type".
The type system is central to the scientific naming of living things (organisms). How exactly it works is different depending on exactly what living thing is considered, but in a very general (and imprecise) sense it may be said that it fixes each name "to a particular specimen", the type specimen. This helps in finding out what particular name is to be used for a particular living thing (or a group of living things, a taxon). There are international Codes of nomenclature which set out exactly how types are to be designated and used.
For animals, the type species of a genus (or subgenus) is the type of that genus (or subgenus). The species (hopefully) has a specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) as its type, so the type species is the link between a genus (or subgenus) and a type specimen.
For algae, fungi and plants, it is different: the type species of a genus is the species that has the same type (specimen or illustration) as the genus. For example, "Malus sylvestris", the European Wild Apple, is the type species of the genus "Malus". Thus, for algae, fungi and plants, a type species plays no great role; it is not an official term, but only a term of convenience.
Type site
In archaeology, a type site (or type-site, or typesite) is a site that is typical of a particular archaeological culture. A type site contains artifacts which are typical of that culture. Type sites are often the first or foundational site discovered about the culture they represent.
For example, the type site of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A culture is Jericho, in the West Bank. The type site of the pre-celtic/Celtic Bronze Age Hallstatt culture is the lakeside village of Hallstatt, Austria.
In geology the term is used similarly for a site considered to be typical of a particular rock formation, etc. The use of this term is similar to that of the type specimen in biology.
Sportsperson
A sportsperson, also known as sportsmen or sportswomen, is a person who is involved in sports. It may mean someone who is known for the promotion of sport or athletic activities.
A sportsperson can be a man or a woman who is person trained to compete or interested in a sport involving physical strength, speed or endurance. A sportsman is a player in a sport; but the term also means someone who plays sport in a way that shows respect and fairness towards the opposing player or team.
The term sportsman can also be used to describe a former competitor who continues to promote the sport in later years. For example, Tsunekazu Takeda is a sportsman who competed in two Summer Olympic Games and who was the President of the Japanese Olympic Committee before he was elected to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 2012.
Sportspeople may be professionals or amateurs. Sportsmen and sportswomen often have particularly well-developed physiques obtained by extensive physical training and strict exercise accompanied by a strict dietary regimen, but term is also used more broadly. For example, Hou Yifan was honored in 2011 as the best sportsperson of the year in a non-Olympic event.
The term athlete may be used as a synonym for sportspeople in general, but the word has strong connotations of people who compete in team sports, as contrasted with other sporting types such as horse riding and driving. For example, a fisherman may be called a sportsman, but not an athlete. In British English (as well as other variants in the Commonwealth) athlete can also have a more specific meaning of people who compete in traditional athletics (track and field) events.
The term "World's Greatest Athlete" was first to describe the sportsman Jim Thorpe in the 1912 Summer Olympics at Stockholm in Sweden. Thorpe won the gold medal in the decathlon. When King Gustav V of Sweden awarded Thorpe, he said, "You, sir, are the greatest athlete in the world."
The title of "World's Greatest Athlete" traditionally belongs to the world's top competitor in the decathlon (males) and heptathlon (females) in track and field. These competitions require an sportsman to possess the whole spectrum of athletic ability in order to be successful including speed, strength, coordination, jumping ability, and endurance.
Salt-n-Pepa
Salt-n-Pepa are an American hip hop trio. They started in New York City in 1985. Among their hit singles are "None of Your Business", "Whatta Man", "Push It" and "You Showed Me". The group have gone through several lineup changes since their starting. They released their first album "Hot, Cool & Vicious" in 1986. "None of Your Business" won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group in 1995.
Volkswagen Bora
Miki Kanie
Kanie was part of a team which won the bronze medal in women's archery at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Kaori Kawanaka
Kawanaka was part of a team which won the bronze medal in women's archery at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Ryohei Kato
He is the son of Hiroyuki Kato who is the Olympic team coach for gymnastics.
Kato was part of a team which won the team silver medal in gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Nestor Carbonell
Nestor Gastón Carbonell (born December 1, 1967 in New York City, New York) is an American television and movie actor. He is known for playing Richard Alpert in "Lost", and for playing Mayor Anthony Garcia in Christopher Nolan's "The Dark Knight" (2008) and in "The Dark Knight Rises" (2012). He is also known for his role in "Suddenly Susan", and as Batmanuel in "The Tick".
Carbonell was born on December 1, 1967 in New York City, New York to a Spanish family. Carbonell was educated at Harvard University. He has been married to Shannon Kenny since 2001. They have two children together.
Amuca tribe
The Amuca tribe () is one of the nomadic tribes of the Oghuz Turks who traces back to Gündüz Bey b.1361 son of Sehzade Halil. This was a group of people in the Ottoman Empire which moved from Anatolia to the Balkans. At the end of 14th century, this clan settled in Thrace. Today they live in Kırklareli Province. The first founded village of this tribe was Keşirlik, located in the Mahya Dağı.
Kazuhito Tanaka
Tanaka was part of a team which won the team silver medal in gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Sportsmanship
Sportsmanship is traditional value in sports and competition. It means playing clean and handling both victory and defeat with grace, style, and dignity.
Sportsmanship is generally understood to include
The ideal of sportsmanship argues that "it doesn't matter whether you win or lose, but how you play the game".
In the context of the Olympic Games, athletes are expected to do their best. Otherwise, they would go against the Olympic motto of "Faster, Higher, Stronger".
In the London Olympics, some athletes attempted to lose their badminton matches, including
Multi-touch
In computing, multi-touch is the name for a piece of technology that lets you use a trackpad or touchscreen by pressing on more than one place on the screen at one time. This often lets you do things that you could not do by other ways, such as pinch to zoom.