AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ogilvie was born in Goulburn, New South Wales. His autobiography, "Simple Gifts – a life in the theatre", was published in 2006. He died on 5 April 2020, at a hospital in Braidwood, New South Wales of cardiac arrest. He was 89.
Zarqan
Darian, Iran
List of cities, towns and villages in Fars Province
A list of cities, towns and villages in Fars Province of southern Iran:
Cities are in bold text; all others are villages.
Vahdatabad | Vakilabad | Vakilabad | Vakilabad | Valiabad | Valiabad | Valiabad | Valiasr | Validabad | Vanda | Vara | Varak | Varavi | Vardavan | Vardesku | Vaselabad | Vazak-e Moradi | Vazirabad | Vazireh | Vizaran | Vocational Training Centre
Water Distribution Company
Yaghleh Mazeh | Yahyaabad | Yahyaabad | Yanderanlu | Yaqubabad | Yarj | Yas Chaman | Yaseriyeh | Yek Dangeh | Yitimu | Yord-e Anjir | Yord-e Jamal | Yurd Dasht-e Zalzaleh | Yurd Tall-e Janboli | Yurdhai-ye Abdol Yusefi | Yurdhai-ye Miraki | Yurdidollah Fil Bandi | Yurdtang Hashi | Yusef Ali Khvah | Yusefabad | Yusefabad | Yuzdan
Zafarabad | Zagh | Zahed Mahmud | Zahedshahr | Zahr Shir | Zakharu-e Bala | Zakherd | Zakian | Zalemi | Zameni | Zanganeh | Zangeneh | Zangeneh-ye Bon Rud | Zangiabad | Zanguiyeh | Zanguyeh | Zar Qalat | Zarak-e Tang Khas | Zarareh | Zarat | Zaravan | Zard-e Narak | Zargaran | Zargaran | Zarjan | Zarqan | Zarqanak | Zarrin Kuyeh | Zarrinabad-e Darreh Shuri | Zarsefid | Zaval | Zavali | Zazeh | Zendan | Zeyn ol Din | Zeyn ol Dini | Zeynabad | Zeynabad | Zeynabad-e Hangam | Zeynabad-e Sangi | Zeynabad-e Zakhru | Zeynalabad | Zeytun | Zeytun | Ziadabad | Ziadabad | Ziadabad | Zighan | Zijerd | Ziqan | Zir Anay-e Olya | Zir Anay-e Sofla | Zir Zard-e Alishahi | Zirab | Zir-e Qalat | Zirgar | Zirgar-e Owl Luyi | Zohrababad
Bobby Mitchell
Robert Cornelius Mitchell (June 6, 1935 – April 5, 2020) was an American professional football player. He played as a halfback and flanker in the National Football League (NFL) for the Cleveland Browns (1958–1961) and the Washington Redskins (1962–1968). He was added into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1983. He also served as an executive for the Redskins from 1969 to 2002. He was born in Hot Springs, Arkansas.
Mitchell lived in Washington, D.C. during his later years. He died on April 5, 2020, at the age of 84.
Ab Anar, Marvdasht
Daniel Batman
Daniel Batman (20 March 1981 – 26 June 2012) was an Australian sprinter. He competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. He was the Australian national men's 200 metres champion in 2005 and 2008. His best international achievement was a sixth place finish at the 2003 World Indoor Championships.
Batman was born in Melbourne, Victoria. He claimed to be a descendant of John Batman, the founder of Melbourne. He married fellow Australian Olympian Nova Peris in 2002. The couple had two children, and split in 2010. His third child was born in 2011.
On 26 June 2012, Batman was killed in a car crash in Marrakai, southeast of Darwin, Northern Territory. He was 31.
Jock Edwards
Graham Neil "Jock" Edwards (27 May 1955 – 6 April 2020) was a New Zealand cricketer. Between 1978 and 1981, he played played eight Test matches and six One Day Internationals for New Zealand. He also played for Central Districts. He was born in Nelson.
Edwards died on 6 April 2020, at the age of 64.
Feroze Gandhi
Feroze Gandhi was an Indian freedom fighter, politician and journalist. He published the newspapers The National Herald and The Navjivan. He served as a member of the provincial parliament between 1950 and 1952, and later a member of the Lok Sabha, the Lower House of India's parliament. Wikipedia
Born: 12 September 1912, Mumbai
Died: 8 September 1960, New Delhi
Full name: Feroze Jehangir Ghandy
Spouse: Indira Gandhi (m. 1942–1960)
Resting place: Prayagraj
Parents: Faredoon Jehangir Ghandy, Ratimai CommissariatAb Anar, Shiraz
Ab Anarak
Ab Anbar-e Jahad Ashayiri
Ab Anjir, Darab
"Best Day Ever" is the first part of the twentieth episode of the fourth season of "SpongeBob SquarePants". It first aired on television on Nickelodeon in the United States on November 10, 2006 as a part of the television marathon called "The Best Day Ever Marathon". 6.7 million people watched the episode when it was first shown on television. In the episode, SpongeBob wants to have a perfect day, but it does not go as planned. However, he solves his friends' problems without knowing it. When he finds out, he learns that he really did have the best day ever.
SpongeBob plans a "best day ever", but things do not go out as planned. SpongeBob wants to work at the Krusty Krab, but it is closed because of a nematode infestation. He gets the nematodes away by playing his nose as a flute. Then, he wants to play karate with Sandy, but she is trying to deal with a leak in her treedome (a glass dome with a tree inside). SpongeBob thinks it is a trick, but accidentally stops the leak by using one of his karate gloves to fill in the hole of the leak. Next, he wants to catch jellyfish with Patrick. Patrick keeps breaking his nets, so he uses SpongeBob's high-tech net. Now SpongeBob does not have a net to use.
SpongeBob plans his last part of the day to go to Squidward's clarinet recital. Squidward is seen upset because his clarinet reed broke and he can not play the clarinet. SpongeBob gets strong and pulls out one of his teeth to replace the reed so Squidward can play his clarinet. SpongeBob tries to get in the concert, but the usher will not let him in. SpongeBob makes many tries to get in the building, but each time he is not let in. SpongeBob hides in Mrs. Puff's purse, making her yell at him. The usher finds out that SpongeBob was on the VIP list, so he is let in the recital. However, he gets in right as the recital ends.
SpongeBob gets very upset and goes on the stage to talk about how his "best day ever" has gone wrong. Mr. Krabs, Sandy, Patrick, and Squidward talk to SpongeBob about how he has saved their problems and made their days better. To make SpongeBob happy, they perform the song "Best Day Ever" on the stage that lasts for hours.
Both the television marathon and the episode set a new record for Nickelodeon's most watched and highest rated television program.
John Taylor (bass guitarist)
Nigel John Taylor (born 20 June 1960) is an English musician, singer, songwriter, producer and actor. He was bass guitarist of the new wave band Duran Duran from its founding in 1978 before leaving in 1997. The group has had 14 singles in the top 10 of the UK Singles Chart and 21 in the US "Billboard" Hot 100. Duran Duran have sold over 100 million records worldwide. After he left, Taylor appeared in a number of movies such as "Sugar Town" (1999). He rejoined the band in 2001.
Taylor was born in Solihull, Warwickshire. He grew up in nearby Hollywood, Worcestershire. During the 1990s, he was married to Amanda de Cadenet. The couple have one child. He married his second wife Gela Nash in 1999. In 2013, Taylor became an American citizen, holding dual citizenship.
In April 2020, during the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic, Taylor revealed that he tested positive to COVID-19.
Ángel Manuel Olmos
Ángel Manuel Olmos (born June 17, 1974 in Madrid, Spain) is Spanish a musicologist and entrepreneur. He is the formar music technology and history professor of the and is currenly the the professor of Musicology at the .
Olmos was born on June 17, 1974, in Madrid, Spain. He has studied Mining Engineering from Polytechnic University of Madrid and completed his bachelor degree in Musicology from the in 2000. He received a doctorate of Music History and Musicology from the and PhD in Musicology from the .
He is currently Professor of Musicology and is accredited as University Professor by . He has also been a professor at the University of La Rioja, Escuela Superior de Canto de Madrid, and Honorary Research Fellow for the University of Liverpool. He is the Director and General Editor of the transcription project Discantus in the National Library of Spain. He has published about fifteen books.
Robot Taekwon V
Robot Taekwon V or "Voltar The Invicible" is a 1985 South Korean American science fiction action mecha television film, is a english-dubbed version called "Taekwon V" in 1976.
in the year, 1983. a karate championship named Billy who pilots Voltar a 50 meters tall giant robot through martial arts-abilities created by Dr. Future against an rival enemy named Dr. Karf, an madman scientist creating a killer robots to destroy the worlds from horrors of mankind.
Pirkko Mannola
Pirkko Mannola (born 27 December 1938) is a Finnish actress and singer. She has appeared in over 50 movies and television shows since 1959. Her movie credits include "Kaks' tavallista Lahtista" (1960), which was entered into the 10th Berlin International Film Festival, and "Leikkikalugangsteri" (1969). In 1958, she won the Miss Finland beauty contest.
Mannola was born in Sääksmäki. She was married to movie director Åke Lindman from 1968 until his death in 2009. The couple had one daughter.
Minorities in Turkey
Minorities in Turkey form a substantial part of the country's population, with at least an estimated 30% of the populace belonging to an ethnic minority. While the Republic of Turkey, following the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne, recognizes Armenians, Greeks and Jews as ethnic minorities, this legal status is not granted to Muslim minorities, such as the Kurds, which constitute the largest minority by a wide margin (13–18%), nor any of the other minorities in the country. The amount of ethnic minorities is suspected to be underestimated by the Turkish government. Ethnic Albanians, Pontic Greeks, Kurds, Arabs, Bosniaks, Circassians and Chechen people are usually considered Turkish under ethnic Turkish law (Ethnic Turkish Law).
Many of the minorities (including the Albanians, Bosnians, Crimean Tatars, and various peoples from the Caucasus, as well as some of the Turks themselves) are descendants of Muslims ("muhajirs") who were expelled from the lands lost by the shrinking Ottoman Empire, but they have assimilated into and intermarried with the majority Turkish population and have adopted the Turkish language and way of life, though this does not make them ethnic Turks.
Although many minorities have no official recognition, state-run TRT television and radio broadcasts minority language programs and elementary schools offer minority language classes.
A 2008 report from the Turkish National Security Council (MGK) estimated that approximately 1.3 million people of Albanian ancestry live in Turkey, and more than 500,000 recognizing their ancestry, language and culture. There are other estimates however that place the number of people in Turkey with Albanian ancestry and or background upward to 5 million.
However, these assumptions of the Turkish government are rejected by scholars who explain they are without any basis.
Today, the existence of Bosniaks in the country is evident everywhere. In cities like İstanbul, Eskişehir, Ankara, İzmir, or Adana, one can easily find districts, streets, shops or restaurants with names such as Bosna, Yenibosna, Mostar, or Novi Pazar. However, it is extremely difficult to estimate how many Bosniaks live in this country. Some Bosnian researchers believe that the number of Bosniaks in Turkey is about four million. Turkish politicians are aware of the large number of Bosniaks living in Turkey, and, referencing this in 2010, Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu said: "There are more Bosniaks living in Turkey than in Bosnia."
People identifying as Bulgarian include a large number of the Pomak and a small number of Orthodox Bulgarians. According to Ethnologue at present 300,000 Pomaks in European Turkey speak Bulgarian as their mother tongue.
It is very hard to estimate the number of Pomaks along with the Turkified Pomaks who live in Turkey, as they have blended into the Turkish society and have been often linguistically and culturally dissimilated. According to "Milliyet" and "Turkish Daily News" reports, the number of Pomaks along with the Turkified Pomaks in the country is about 600,000. According to the Bulgarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Bulgarian Orthodox Christian community in Turkey stands at 500 members.
The Greeks constitute a population of Greek and Greek-speaking Eastern Orthodox Christians who mostly live in Istanbul, including its district Princes' Islands, as well as on the two islands of the western entrance to the Dardanelles: Imbros and Tenedos ( and "Bozcaada"). Some Greek-speaking Byzantine Christians have been assimilated over the course of the last one thousand years.
They are the remnants of the estimated 200,000 Greeks who were permitted under the provisions of the Treaty of Lausanne to remain in Turkey following the 1923 population exchange, which involved the forcible resettlement of approximately 1.5 million Greeks from Anatolia and East Thrace and of half a million Turks from all of Greece except for Western Thrace. After years of persecution (e.g. the Varlık Vergisi and the Istanbul Pogrom), emigration of ethnic Greeks from the Istanbul region greatly accelerated, reducing the 119,822
-strong Greek minority before the attack to about 7,000 by 1978. The 2008 figures released by the Turkish Foreign Ministry places the current number of Turkish citizens of Greek descent at the 3,000–4,000 mark.
According to Milliyet there are 15,000 Greeks in Turkey, while according to Human Rights Watch the Greek population in Turkey was estimated at 2,500 in 2006. According to the same source, the Greek population in Turkey was collapsing as the community was by then far too small to sustain itself demographically, due to emigration, much higher death rates than birth rates and continuing discrimination. In recent years however, most notably since the economic crisis in Greece, the trend has reversed. A few hundred to over a thousand Greeks now migrate to Turkey yearly for employment or educational purposes.
Christian Greeks were forced to migrate. Muslim Greeks live in Turkey today. They live in cities of Trabzon and Rize. Pontic Greeks have Greek ancestry and speak the Pontic Greek dialect, a distinct form of the standard Greek language which, due to the remoteness of Pontus, has undergone linguistic evolution distinct from that of the rest of the Greek world. The Pontic Greeks had a continuous presence in the region of Pontus (modern-day northeastern Turkey), Georgia, and Eastern Anatolia from at least 700 BC until 1922.
Since 1924, the status of the Greek minority in Turkey has been ambiguous. Beginning in the 1930s, the government instituted repressive policies forcing many Greeks to emigrate. Examples are the labour battalions drafted among non-Muslims during World War II as well as the Fortune Tax levied mostly on non-Muslims during the same period. These resulted in financial ruination and death for many Greeks. The exodus was given greater impetus with the Istanbul Pogrom of September 1955 which led to thousands of Greeks fleeing the city, eventually reducing the Christian Greek population to about 7,000 by 1978 and to about 2,500 by 2006 before beginning to increase again after 2008.
In the 1965 Census 6,599 Turkish citizen spoke Serbian as a first language and another 58,802 spoke Serbian as a second language.
Abkhazians or the Abkhaz (Abkhaz: Аҧсуа, "Apswa"; ) are a Northwest Caucasian ethnic group, mainly living in Abkhazia, a disputed region on the Black Sea coast. A large Abkhaz diaspora population resides in Turkey, the origins of which lie in the population movements from the Caucasus in the late 19th century. Many Abkhaz also live in other parts of the former Soviet Union, particularly in Russia and Ukraine.
Armenians are indigenous to the Armenian Highlands which corresponds to the eastern half of modern-day Turkey, the Republic of Armenia, southern Georgia, western Azerbaijan, and northwestern Iran. Although in 1880 the word "Armenia" was banned from being used in the press, schoolbooks, and governmental establishments in Turkey and was subsequently replaced with words like eastern Anatolia or northern Kurdistan, Armenians had maintained much of their culture and heritage. The Armenian population of Turkey was greatly reduced following the Hamidian massacres and especially the Armenian Genocide, when over one and half million Armenians, virtually the entire Armenian population of Anatolia, were massacred. Prior to the Genocide in 1914, the Armenian population of Turkey numbered at about 1,914,620. The Armenian community of the Ottoman Empire before the Armenian genocide had an estimated 2,300 churches and 700 schools (with 82,000 students). This figure excludes churches and schools belonging to the Protestant and Catholic Armenian parishes since only those churches and schools under the jurisdiction of the Istanbul Armenian Patriarchate and the Apostolic Church were counted. After the Armenian genocide however, it is estimated that 200,000 Armenians remained in Turkey. Today there are an estimated 40,000 to 70,000 Armenians in Turkey, not including the Hamshenis.
Armenians under the Turkish Republican era were subjected to many policies which attempted to abolish Armenian cultural heritage such as the Turkification of last names, Islamification, geographical name changes, confiscation of properties, change of animal names, change of the names of Armenian historical figures (i.e. the name of the prominent Balyan family were concealed under an identity of a superficial Italian family called Baliani), and the change and distortion of Armenian historical events.
Armenians today are mostly concentrated around Istanbul. The Armenians support their own newspapers and schools. The majority belong to the Armenian Apostolic faith, with much smaller numbers of Armenian Catholics and Armenian Evangelicals. The community currently functions 34, 18 schools, and 2 hospitals.
Chechens in Turkey are Turkish citizens of Chechen descent and Chechen refugees living in Turkey. Chechens and Ingush live in the provinces of Istanbul, Kahramanmaraş, Mardin, Sivas, and Muş.
According to Milliyet, there are approximately 2.5 million Circassians in Turkey. However such assumptions have no basis. According to scholars and EU there are three to five million Circassians in Turkey. The closely related ethnic groups Abazins (10,000) and Abkhazians (39,000) are also counted as Circassians. The Circassians are a Caucasian immigrant people; the vast majority of them have been assimilated and only 20% still speak Circassian. In Turkey, they are usually Sunni (Hanafi) Muslim.
Various ethnic groups from Dagestan are present in Turkey. Dagestani peoples live in villages in the provinces like Balıkesir, Tokat and also scattered in other parts of the country. A majority among them are Nogais; Lezgins and Avars are other significant ethnic groups. Kumyks are also present.
There are approximately 1 million people of Georgian ancestry in Turkey according to the newspaper "Milliyet". Georgians in Turkey are mostly Sunni Muslims of Hanafi "madh'hab". Immigrant Georgians are called "Chveneburi", but autochthonous Muslim Georgians use this term as well. Muslim Georgians form the majority in parts of Artvin Province east of the Çoruh River. Immigrant Muslim groups of Georgian origin, found scattered in Turkey, are known as Chveneburi. The smallest Georgian group are Catholics living in Istanbul.
Most Laz people today live in Turkey, but the Laz minority group has no official status in Turkey. Their number today is estimated at 2,250,000. The Laz are Sunni Muslims. Only a minority are bilingual in Turkish and their native Laz language which belongs to the South Caucasian group. The number of the Laz speakers is decreasing, and is now limited chiefly to the Rize and Artvin areas. The historical term Lazistan — formerly referring to a narrow tract of land along the Black Sea inhabited by the Laz as well as by several other ethnic groups — has been banned from official use and replaced with "Doğu Karadeniz" (which also includes Trabzon). During the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, the Muslim population of Russia near the war zones was subjected to ethnic cleansing; many Lazes living in Batum fled to the Ottoman Empire, settling along the southern Black Sea coast to the east of Samsun.
Turkey received refugees from among the Pakistan-based Kazakhs, Turkmen, Kirghiz, and Uzbeks numbering 3,800 originally from Afghanistan during the Soviet–Afghan War. Kayseri, Van, Amasva, Cicekdag, Gaziantep, Tokat, Urfa, and Serinvol received via Adana the Pakistan-based Kazakh, Turkmen, Kirghiz, and Uzbek refugees numbering 3,800 with UNHCR assistance.
They are about 30,000 Kazakh people living in Zeytinburnu-Istanbul. It is known that there are Kazakh people in other parts of Turkey, for instance Manisa, Konya. In 1969 and 1954 Kazakhs migrated into Anatolia's Salihli, Develi and Altay regions. Turkey became home to refugee Kazakhs. The Kazakh Turks Foundation (Kazak Türkleri Vakfı) is an organization of Kazakhs in Turkey. Kazakhs in Turkey came via Pakistan and Afghanistan. "Kazak Kültür Derneği" (Kazakh Culture Associration) is a Kazakh diaspora organization in Turkey.
Turkey's Lake Van area is the home of Kyrgyz refugees from Afghanistan. Turkey became a destination for Kyrgyz refugees due to the Soviet–Afghan War from Afghanistan's Wakhan area 500 remained and did not go to Turkey with the others. "Friendship and Culture Society of Kyrgyzstan" (Кыргызстан Достук жана Маданият Коому) (Kırgızistan Kültür ve Dostluk Derneği Resmi Sitesi) is a Kyrgyz diaspora organization in Turkey.
They were airlifted in 1982 from Pakistan where they had sought refugee after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan at the end of 1979. Their original home was at the eastern end of the Wakhan Corridor, in the Pamirs, bordering on China. It is not known how many Kyrgyz still live in Van and how many have moved on to other parts of Turkey.
There are only 1,500 ethnic Turkmen in Turkey.
There are only 1,000 ethnic Tajik in Turkey.
Turkey is home to 45,000 Uzbeks. In the 1800s Konya's north Bogrudelik was settled by Tatar Bukharlyks. In 1981 Afghan Turkestan refugees in Pakistan moved to Turkey to join the existing Kayseri, Izmir, Ankara, and Zeytinburnu based communities. Turkish based Uzbeks have established links to Saudi-based Uzbeks.
Turkey is home to 50,000 Uyghurs. A community of Uyghurs live in Turkey. Kayseri received Uyghurs numbering close to 360 via the UNHCR in 1966–1967 from Pakistan. The Turkey-based Uyghur diaspora had a number of family members among Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, India, and Pakistan based Uyghurs who stayed behind while the UNHCR and government of Turkey had Kayseri receive 75 Uyghurs in 1967 and 230 Uyghurs in 1965 and a number in 1964 under Alptekin and Bughra. "We never call each other Uyghur, but only refer to ourselves as East Turkestanis, or Kashgarlik, Turpanli, or even Turks."- according to some Uyghurs born in Turkey.
A community of Uyghurs live in Istanbul. Tuzla and Zeytinburnu mosques are used by the Uyghurs in Istanbul. Piety is a characteristic of among Turkey dwelling Uyghurs.
Istanbul's districts of Küçükçekmece, Sefaköy and Zeytinburnu are home to Uyghur communities. Eastern Turkistan Education and Solidarity Association is located in Turkey. Abdurahmon Abdulahad of the East Turkistan Education Association supported Uzbek Islamists who protested against Russia and Islam Karimov's Uzbekistan government. Uyghurs are employed in Küçükçekmece and Zeytinburnu restaurants. "East Turkistan Immigration Association", "East Turkistan Culture and Solidarity Association", and "Eastern Turkistan Education and Solidarity Association" are Uyghur diaspora organizations in Turkey.
It is hard to determine how many ethnic Azeris currently reside in Turkey because ethnicity is a rather fluid concept in this country. and According to the Looklex Encyclopaedia, Azerbaijani people make up 800,000 of Turkey's population. Up to 300,000 of Azeris who reside in Turkey are citizens of Azerbaijan. In the Eastern Anatolia Region, Azeris are sometimes referred to as "acem" (see Ajam) or "tat". They currently are the largest ethnic group in the city of Iğdır and second largest ethnic group in Kars.
Before the 20th century, Crimean Tatars had immigrated from Crimea to Turkey in three waves: First, after the Russian annexation of Crimea in 1783; second, after the Crimean War of 1853-56; third, after the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78. The official number of Crimean Tatars is 150,000 (in the center of Eskişehir) but the real population (in the whole of Turkey) may be a few million. They mostly live in Eskişehir Province and Kazan-Ankara.
Karachay people live in villages concentrated in Konya and Eskişehir.
There is a community of Meskhetian Turks (Ahiska Turks) in Turkey.
Groups of nomadic and semi-nomadic itinerants found mainly in central and western Anatolia. They speak an argot of their own and follow the Alevi faith.
Afghans are one of the largest irregular migrant groups in Turkey. From the period 2003–2007, the number of Afghans apprehended were significant, with statistics almost doubling during the last year. Most had fled the War in Afghanistan. In 2005, refugees from Afghanistan numbered 300 and made a sizeable proportion of Turkey's registered migrants. Most of them were spread out over satellite cities with Van and Ağrı being the most specific locations. In the following years, the number of Afghans entering Turkey greatly increased, second only to migrants from Iraq; in 2009, there were 16,000 people designated under the Iraq-Afghanistan category. Despite a dramatic 50 percent reduction by 2010, reports confirmed hundreds living and working in Turkey. As of January 2010, Afghans consisted one-sixth of the 26,000 remaining refugees and asylum seekers. By the end 2011, their numbers are expected to surge up to 10,000, making them the largest population and surpass other groups.
Ethnic Kurds are the largest minority in Turkey, composing around 20% of the population according to Milliyet, 18% of the total populace or c. 14 million people according to the CIA World Factbook, and as much as 23% according to Kurdologist David McDowall. Unlike the Turks, the Kurds speak an Iranian language. There are Kurds living all over Turkey, but most live to the east and southeast of the country, from where they originate.
In the 1930s, Turkish government policy aimed to forcibly assimilate and Turkify local Kurds. Since 1984, Kurdish resistance movements included both peaceful political activities for basic civil rights for Kurds within Turkey, and violent armed rebellion for a separate Kurdish state.
Ossetians emigrated from North Ossetia since the second half of the 19th century, end of Caucasian War. Today, the majority of them live in Ankara and Istanbul. There are 24 Ossetian villages in central and eastern Anatolia. The Ossetians in Turkey are divided into three major groups, depending on their history of immigration and ensuing events: those living in Kars (Sarıkamış) and Erzurum, those in Sivas, Tokat and Yozgat and those in Muş and Bitlis.
500,000 to 650,000.
The Zazas are a community who identifies as ethnic Kurds. Their language Zazaki is a language spoken in eastern Anatolia between the rivers Euphrates and Tigris. It belongs to the northwest-Iranian group of the Iranian language branch of the Indo-European language family. The Zaza language is related to Kurdish, Persian and Balōchi. An exact indication of the number of Zaza speakers is unknown. Internal Zaza sources estimate the total number of Zaza speakers at 3 to 6 million.
There are at least 34,000 Britons in Turkey. They consist mainly of British citizens married to Turkish spouses, British Turks who have moved back into the country, students and families of long-term expatriates employed predominately in white-collar industry.
Approximately 15,000 Dutch live in Turkey.
There are over 50,000 Germans living in Turkey, primarily Germans married to Turkish spouses, employees, retirees and long-term tourists who buy properties across the Turkish coastline, often spending most of the year in the country. In addition, many Turkish Germans have also returned and settled, and it is not uncommon to hear German being spoken on the streets of Istanbul by Turks.
Levantines continue to live in Istanbul (mostly in the districts of Galata, Beyoğlu and Nişantaşı), İzmir (mostly in the districts of Karşıyaka, Bornova and Buca), and the lesser port city Mersin where they had been influential for creating and reviving a tradition of opera. Famous people of the present-day Levantine community in Turkey include Maria Rita Epik, Franco-Levantine Caroline Giraud Koç and Italo-Levantine Giovanni Scognamillo. About 35,000 Levantines live in Turkey.
There are only 4,000 ethnic Poles in Turkey who have been assimilated into the main Turkish culture. The immigration did start during the Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Józef Bem was one of the first immigrants and Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski founded Polonezköy in 1842. Most Poles in Turkey live in Polonezköy, Istanbul.
Russians in Turkey number about 50,000 citizens. Russians began migrating to Turkey during the first half of the 1990s. Most were fleeing the economic problems prevalent after the dissolution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. During this period, many Russian immigrants intermarried and assimilated with Turkish locals, giving rise to a rapid increase in mixed marriages. There is a Russian Association of Education, Culture and Cooperation which aims to expand Russian language and culture in Turkey as well as promote the interests of the community.
Beginning several centuries ago, a number of Africans, usually via Zanzibar as Zanj and from places such as Niger, Saudi Arabia, Libya, Kenya and Sudan, came to the Ottoman Empire settled by the Dalaman, Menderes and Gediz valleys, Manavgat, and Çukurova. African quarters of 19th-century İzmir, including Sabırtaşı, Dolapkuyu, Tamaşalık, İkiçeşmelik, and Ballıkuyu, are mentioned in contemporary records. Due to the slave trade in the Ottoman Empire that had flourished in the Balkans, the coastal town of Ulcinj in Montenegro had its own black community. As a consequence of the slave trade and privateer activity, it is told how until 1878 in Ulcinj 100 black people lived. The Ottoman Army also deployed an estimated 30,000 Black African troops and cavalrymen to its expedition in Hungary during the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18.
Arabs in Turkey number between 800,000 and 1 million, and they mostly live in provinces near the Syrian border, particularly the Hatay region, where they made up two thirds of the population in 1939. However, including recent Syrian refugees, they make up to 5.3% of the population. Most of them are Sunni Muslims. However, there is a small group of Alawis, and another one of Arab Christians (mostly in Hatay Province) in communion with the Antiochian Orthodox Church.
Turkey experienced a large influx of Iraqis between the years of 1988 and 1991 due to both the Iran–Iraq War and the first Gulf war, with around 50,000 to 460,000 Iraqis entering the country.
Syrians in Turkey include migrants from Syria to Turkey, as well as their descendants. The number of Syrians in Turkey is estimated at over 3.58 million people as of April 2018, and consists mainly of refugees of the Syrian Civil War.
Assyrians were once a large ethnic minority in the Ottoman Empire, but following the early 20th century Assyrian Genocide, many were murdered, deported, or ended up emigrating. Those that remain live in small numbers in their indigenous South Eastern Turkey (although in larger numbers than other groups murdered in Armenian or Greek genocides) and Istanbul. They number around 30,000.
There have been Jewish communities in Asia Minor since at least the 5th century BC and many Spanish and Portuguese Jews expelled from Spain came to the Ottoman Empire (including regions part of modern Turkey) in the late 15th century. Despite emigration during the 20th century, modern-day Turkey continues to have a small Jewish population of about 20,000.
The Roma in Turkey number approximately 700,000 according to Milliyet. Sulukule is the oldest Roma settlement in Europe. By different Turkish and Non-Turkish estimates the number of Romani is up to 4 or 5 million while according to a Turkish source, they are only 0.05% of Turkey's population (or roughly persons). The descendants of the Ottoman Roma today are known as Xoraxane Roma and are of the Islamic faith.
There are as many as 12,000 Australians in Turkey. Of these, the overwhelming majority are in the capital Ankara (roughly 10,000) while the remaining are in Istanbul. Australian expatriates in Turkey form one of the largest overseas Australian groups in Europe and Asia. The vast majority of Australian nationals in Turkey are Turkish Australians.
Brazilians in Turkey are one of the very small Brazilian communities outside Brazil, numbering about 275. Majority of Brazilians in Turkey works in embassies and/or consulates in Istanbul and Ankara, with a small number works in private companies in other metropolitan cities.
There are over 1,100 Canadians living in Turkey, the majority of which are based in Ankara and Istanbul according to the Registration of Canadians Abroad (ROCA) and the local Canadian embassy and consulates in the country. In recent years, the number of Canadians settling within Turkey has seen a sharp rise with the country continuing to be one of the fastest-rising destinations for Canadians heading overseas. The growing figures have been linked as a proponent for the skyrocketing ratio of Canadian tourists choosing to visit Turkey each year. In 2009, approximately 150,000 Canadians had been to Turkey, an increase from the 39,000 in 1995.
There is a small community of Chinese people in Turkey, mostly temporary expatriates. A few hundred Chinese students are enrolled in various Turkish universities. Turkey has a sizeable number of Muslim Uyghur people who hail from the Xinjiang region of China. They have come in large numbers since the early 1950s from the northwestern provinces of China, and as part of their migration to the Middle East, many chose to settle down in urban centres of Turkey. Today, they have effectively associated themselves with the local economy and can be seen practicing in various forms of trade.
There were 5,500 Filipinos in Turkey as of 2008, according to estimates by the Commission on Filipinos Overseas and the Philippine embassy in Ankara. Out of those, most are recorded as maids and "overseas workers" employed in households of diplomatic communities and elite Turkish families. Moreover, ten percent or approximately 500 Filipinos in Turkey are skilled workers and professionals working as engineers, architects, doctors and teachers. Most of the Filipinos reside in Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Antalya and nearby surrounding areas.
Indians in Turkey are a small community numbering 300 and comprising roughly 100 families. Most of them work as doctors and computer engineers or employees in multinational corporations. India also has a small business presence in Turkey through representative offices of Reliance Industries, Tata Motors and Indorama.
There is a medium-sized population of Japanese people in Turkey, comprising mostly recent expatriates from Japan and their descendants born in Turkey. As of September 2010, their numbers were recorded at 1,430 by the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Most Japanese living in Turkey are based in Ankara and Istanbul.
Pakistanis in Turkey refers to a small community consisting mainly of expatriates and students. Many of the Pakistani students study at Turkish universities and colleges. There are also large number of long-term and short-term economic migrants from Pakistan in Turkey who often intend to cross into the European Union. Pakistan has a permanent embassy in Ankara and a consulate general in Istanbul, which aim to serve the interests of the community throughout the country. Around 800 Pakistani students are studying in Turkey.
In Turkey, Atheism is the biggest group after Islam. The percentage of atheists according to polls apparently rose from about 2% in 2012 to approximately 6% in 2016.
Turkish cities Edirne and İstanbul are in the holy places of this religion. Estimate Bahá'í population in Turkey is 10,000 (2008)
About 72,000 people.
Christianity has a long history in Anatolia which, nowadays part of the Republic of Turkey's territory, was the birthplace of numerous Christian Apostles and Saints, such as Apostle Paul of Tarsus, Timothy, St. Nicholas of Myra, St. Polycarp of Smyrna and many others. Two out of the five centers (Patriarchates) of the ancient Pentarchy were located in present-day Turkey: Constantinople (Istanbul) and Antioch (Antakya). All of the first seven Ecumenical Councils which are recognized by both the Western and Eastern churches were held in present-day Turkey. Of these, the Nicene Creed, declared with the First Council of Nicaea (İznik) in 325, is of utmost importance and has provided the essential definitions of present-day Christianity.
Today the Christian population of Turkey estimated more than 150,000, includes an estimated 70,000 Armenian Orthodox, 35,000 Roman Catholics, 17,000 Syriac Orthodox, 8,000 Chaldean Catholic, 3,000-4,000 Greek Orthodox, 10,000-18,000 Antiochian Greeks and smaller numbers of Bulgarians, Georgians, and ethnic Turkish Protestants.
Orthodox Christianity forms a tiny minority in Turkey, comprising far less than one tenth of one percent of the entire population. The provinces of Istanbul and Hatay, which includes Antakya, are the main centres of Turkish Christianity, with comparatively dense Christian populations, though they are very small minorities. The main variant of Christianity present in Turkey is the Eastern Orthodox branch, focused mainly in the Armenian Apostolic and Syriac/Greek Orthodox Church.
Protestants comprise far less than one tenth of one percent of the population of Turkey. Even so, there is an Alliance of Protestant Churches in Turkey.
The constitution of Turkey recognizes freedom of religion for individuals. The Armenian Protestants own three Istanbul Churches from the 19th century.
On 4 November 2006, a Protestant place of worship was attacked with six Molotov cocktails.
Turkish media have criticized Christian missionary activity intensely.
There is an ethnic Turkish Protestant Christian community most of them came from recent Muslim Turkish backgrounds, rather than from ethnic minorities.
There are around 35,000 Catholics, constituting 0.05% of the population. The faithful follow the Latin, Byzantine, Armenian and Chaldean Rite. Most Latin Rite Catholics are Levantines of mainly Italian or French background, although a few are ethnic Turks (who are usually converts via marriage to Levantines or other non-Turkish Catholics). Byzantine, Armenian, and Chaldean rite Catholics are generally members of the Greek, Armenian, and Assyrian minority groups respectively. Turkey's Catholics are concentrated in Istanbul.
In February 2006, Catholic priest Andrea Santoro, an Italian missionary working in Turkey for 10 years, was shot twice at his church near the Black Sea. He had written a letter to the Pope asking him to visit Turkey. Pope Benedict XVI visited Turkey in November 2006. Relations had been rocky since Pope Benedict XVI had stated his opposition to Turkey joining the European Union. The Council of Catholic Bishops met with the Turkish prime minister in 2004 to discuss restrictions and difficulties such as property issues. More recently, Bishop Luigi Padovese, on June 6, 2010, the Vicar Apostolic of Turkey, was killed.
There have been Jewish communities in Asia Minor since at least the 5th century BC and many Spanish and Portuguese Jews expelled from Spain were welcomed to the Ottoman Empire (including regions part of modern Turkey) in the late 15th century. Despite emigration during the 20th century, modern-day Turkey continues to have a small Jewish population.
There is a small Karaite Jewish population numbering around 100. Karaite Jews are not considered Jews by the Turkish Hakhambashi.
The exact number of Alawites in Turkey is unknown, but there were 185 000 Alawites in 1970. As Muslims, they are not recorded separately from Sunnis in ID registration. In the 1965 census (the last Turkish census where informants were asked their mother tongue), 180,000 people in the three provinces declared their mother tongue as Arabic. However, Arabic-speaking Sunni and Christian people are also included in this figure.
Alawites traditionally speak the same dialect of Levantine Arabic with Syrian Alawites. Arabic is best preserved in rural communities and Samandağ. Younger people in Çukurova cities and (to a lesser extent) in İskenderun tend to speak Turkish. Turkish spoken by Alawites is distinguished by Alawites and non-Alawites alike with its particular accents and vocabulary. Knowledge of Arabic alphabet is confined to religious leaders and men who had worked or studied in Arab countries.
Alevis are the biggest religious minority in Turkey. Nearly 15%-25% of all Turkish population is in this group. They are mainly Turk but there are significant Kurd and Zaza populations who are Alevi
Twelver shia population of Turkey is nearly 3 million and most of them are Azeris. Half million of Ja'faris live in İstanbul.
Turkey is in the area of the Yazidi homeland, along with Syria and Iraq. The Yazidi population in Turkey was estimated at around 22.000 in 1984. Earlier figures are difficult to obtain and verify, but some estimate there were about 100.000 Yazidi in Turkey in the early years of the 20th century.
Most Yazidis left the country and went abroad in the 1980s and 1990s, mostly to Germany and other European countries where they got asylum due to the persecution as an ethnic and religious minority in Turkey. The area they resided was in the south eastern area of Turkey, an area that had/has heavy PKK fighting. Now a few hundred Yazidi are believed to be left in Turkey.
Aron Afshar
Hajjiabad, Fars
Dowbaran
Shahr-e Pir
Bab Anar
Khavaran, Fars
Afif-Abad Garden
Arg of Karim Khan
Bishapur
Bishapur (Middle Persian: "Bay-Šāpūr"; , "Bishâpûr") was an ancient city in Sasanid Persia (Iran) on the ancient road between Persis and Elam. The road linked the Sassanid capitals Estakhr (very close to Persepolis) and Ctesiphon. It is located south of modern Faliyan in the Kazerun County of Pars Province, Iran.
Eram Garden
Eram Garden (, "Bāgh-e Eram") is a historic Persian garden in Shiraz, Iran.
Josh Harris (American football)
Josh Harris is an American football long snapper for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League. He played college football for Auburn University. He signed with the Falcons as an undrafted free agent in 2012. Josh attended Carrollton High School in Carrollton, Georgia.
John Laws (judge)
Sir John Grant McKenzie Laws (10 May 1945 – 5 April 2020) was a British judge. He served as a Lord Justice of Appeal (1999–2016) and as a High Court judge (1992–1998). Laws was married to Sophie Marshall from 1973 until her death in 2017. The couple had one daughter. He was also the uncle of Dominic Cummings.
On 5 April 2020, during the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic, Laws died of problems caused by COVID-19 in Chelsea, London. He had at first been in hospital for treatment of sepsis and other conditions.
Istakhr
Ghal'eh Dokhtar
Ka'ba-ye Zartosht
Ka'ba-ye Zartosht (Persian: کعبه زرتشت) is the name of a stone quadrangular and stepped structure in the Naqsh-e Rustam compound beside Zangiabad village in Marvdasht county in Fars, Iran.
Naqsh-e Rajab
Naqsh-e Rajab (, ) is an archaeological site just west of Istakhr and about 5 km north of Persepolis in Fars Province, Iran.
Naqsh-e Rustam
Meadville is a city in and the county seat of Crawford County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 13,388.
Palace of Ardashir
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Crawford County, Pennsylvania
Crawford County is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the county had a population of 88,765. The county seat is Meadville.
Dominic Cummings
Dominic McKenzie Cummings (born 25 November 1971) is a British political strategist. He served as Chief Adviser to Prime Minister Boris Johnson from July 2019 until November 13 2020. He was also special adviser to Michael Gove, the Secretary of State for Education from 2010 to 2014.
From 2015 to 2016, Cummings was director of the successful Vote Leave campaign. It was an organisation against the continued British membership of the European Union. The group took an active part in the 2016 referendum campaign for Brexit.
Cummings was born in Durham. He is married to Mary Wakefield. The couple have one son. Sir John Laws, a Lord Justice of Appeal, was Cummings' uncle.
In May 2020, many people wanted Cummings to quit because he visited his parent's farm in Durham. Durham is over from his home in London. At the time, he had symptoms of COVID-19, and rules in the UK during the pandemic said people who thought they had the virus should stay at home. Prime Minister Boris Johnson said that Cummings had done nothing wrong and had a reason to go against the rules, because he needed childcare for his child. The Durham Constabulary started an investigation to see if Cummings had broken the law.
Sangtarashan cave
Hamed Bahiraei
List of football stadiums in Azerbaijan
This is a list of sports stadiums in Azerbaijan, ranked in descending order of capacity.
Jonathan (tortoise)
Jonathan (hatched , − years old) is a Seychelles giant tortoise ("Aldabrachelys gigantea hololissa"), a subspecies of the Aldabra giant tortoise ("Aldabrachelys gigantea"). He is the oldest known living terrestrial animal in the world. Jonathan lives on the island of Saint Helena, a British Overseas Territory in the South Atlantic Ocean. A photograph taken in 1886 featuring Jonathan exists.
Jonathan was among three tortoise brought to Saint Helena from the Seychelles in 1882. He was named by Governor Spencer Davis during the 1930s.
Bullet Prakash
Bullet Prakash (; 2 April 1976 – 6 April 2020) was an Indian actor and comedian. He worked in Kannada cinema. He appeared in over 325 movies. His movie credits include "Mast Maja Maadi" (2008), "Aithalakkadi" (2010), "Mallikarjuna" (2011) and "Aryan" (2014). He took part in the second season of the Kannada reality television show "Bigg Boss". He also appeared in a Tulu movie, "Soombe". He was born in Bangalore.
Prakash died from acute liver failure on 6 April 2020. He was 44.
Peter Walker (cricketer, born 1936)
Peter Michael Walker (17 February 1936 – 5 April 2020) was an English cricketer. He played for England in three Test matches against South Africa in 1960. He also played for Glamorgan. He was born in Clifton, Bristol.
Walker died of a stroke on 5 April 2020. He was 84.
Radomir Antić
Radomir Antić (; 22 November 1948 – 6 April 2020) was a Serbian football player and manager.
Antić was born in Žitište. He had a 17-year playing career as a defender from 1967 to 1984. He notably played for Partizan, Fenerbahçe, Real Zaragoza and Luton Town. He also played one game for Yugoslavia in 1973.
After retiring from playing, Antić coached a number of teams. In Spain, he coached Real Zaragoza, Real Madrid, Atlético Madrid, Real Oviedo, Barcelona and Celta Vigo. He won the double, both La Liga and the Copa del Rey, with Atlético Madrid in the 1995–96 season. He also coached the Serbian national team and Chinese sides Shandong Luneng and Hebei China Fortune.
On 6 April 2020, Antić died in Madrid of pancreatitis at the age of 71.
Partizan
Social justice warrior
Social justice warrior (SJW) is a pejorative term for people who support feminism or have left-wing opinions. Originally the term Social Justice Warrior was used by people who generally supported left-wing politics to mean a person who was an activist for social justice and meant it as a good thing. After the Gamergate Controversy wherein Carl Benjamin and Milo Yiannopoulos accused people who didn’t think video game journalism was being used by feminists to spread political correctness of being Social Justice Warriors, the term became a pejorative for either someone who wanted video games and popular culture to be more politically correct or someone who was too easily offended.