AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
In many fields, an experiment must have a "p"-value of less than 0.05 for the experiment to be considered evidence of the alternative hypothesis. In short, a low p-value means a higher chance of the null hypothesis being false.
George Kingsley Zipf
George Kingsley Zipf (1902–1950) was an American scientist in the fields of linguistics, philology, mathematics and statistics. He came up with a law of word frequency in languages which bears his name.
Ginsters
List of Pixar movies
Cornish Assembly
A Cornish Assembly is a law making parliament that some Cornish people and politicians argue should exist as part of a devolution agreement with the United Kingdom. So far the Parliament of the United Kingdom has not allowed it to be made.
Civil parishes in Cornwall
Frank Darabont
Frank Árpád Darabont (born Darabont Ferenc Árpád; January 28, 1959) is a Hungarian-American film director, screenwriter and producer who has been nominated for three Academy Awards and a Golden Globe Award. He is best known for his film adaptations of Stephen King novels such as "The Shawshank Redemption", "The Green Mile", and "The Mist".
Daylight (Maroon 5 song)
"Daylight" is a song performed by American pop rock band Maroon 5. The song was released as the third single from their fourth studio album, "Overexposed" (2012). Lead singer Adam Levine co-wrote and co-produced it with Max Martin and Mason "MdL" Levy, with additional writing from Sam Martin. The song is a soft rock ballad.
The song received a mixed reception from music critics. Some criticized Levine's vocals and called it a filler among the dance-oriented tracks on the album, while others felt a Coldplay inspiration in the end of the chorus. The song has charted in many countries, reaching the top-twenty in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Korea, and the United States.
Teddybears
Wrinkle (skin)
A wrinkle is a fold, ridge or crease in the skin, similar to those that can form on the surface of fabric. The medical term is "rhytide."
Skin wrinkles are common as a result of aging , reoccurring sleeping positions, loss of weight, or as the result of being under water for long periods of time. Age wrinkling in the skin is affected by constant facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors.
A Sticker is a type of label: a piece of printed paper, plastic, vinyl, or other material with adhesive on one side. They can be used for decoration or for functional purposes, depending on the situation. They are also collected and traded among other collectors.
Nuclear weapons states
According to a new report from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), nine nations possess nuclear weapons
Here are nine countries with nuclear weapons:
Gemini Ganesan filmography
This article contains the entire filmography of Gemini Ganesan.
Jayalalithaa filmography
This is the filmography of former Indian actress Jayalalitha who has acted in over 140 films.
Gilbert Stork
Gilbert Stork (December 31, 1921 – October 21, 2017) was an American organic chemist. He was born in Brussels, Belgium. He was the Eugene Higgins Professor of Chemistry Emeritus at Columbia University. The Stork enamine alkylation is named in his honor.
He was responsible for the first planned stereo-controlled synthesis as well as the first natural product to be synthesized with high stereo-selectivity.
Stork was a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1962 and Foreign Member of the French Academy of Sciences.
Atle Hammer
Atle Jonas Hammer (11 March 1932 – 22 October 2017) was a Norwegian engineer and jazz musician (trumpet, Flugelhorn), central on the jazz scene in Oslo. He was born in Oslo. He was known from several international cooperation.
From 1980 to 1985, he led his own quintet with among others Terje Venaas (bass), Eivin Sannes (piano) and Tom Olstad (drumes), and this was followed by a quintet with Harald Bergersen (saxophone), Erling Aksdal (piano, 1985–89).
During the 1980s and 1990s he played in bands with Thorgeir Stubø, Per Husby Quintet, Magni Wentzel Quintet, and in Big Bands like the one led by Harald Gundhus/Ole Jacob Hansen and Erling Wicklund's «Storeslem».
Hammer died in Oslo on 22 October 2017 at the age of 85.
Ian Cathie
Ian Robert Cathie (24 October 1932 – 25 October 2017) was an Australian politician. He was born in Melbourne. In 1964 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Council as a Labor member for South Eastern Province; he was defeated in 1970, but in 1976 was elected to the Legislative Assembly seat of Carrum, which he held until 1988.
From 1994 to 1997, Cathie was a Commissioner of the City of Greater Dandenong. In 2010, he was elected President of Glen Eira University of the Third Age (U3A).
Cathie died on 25 October 2017 in Melbourne at the age of 85.
Ali Ashraf Darvishian
Ali Ashraf Darvishian (‎; 25 August 1941 – 26 October 2017) was an Iranian story writer and scholar. He was born in Kermanshah, Iran. He was often called the "Iranian Charles Dickens". He taught Persian literature in Australian colleges and universities during his career. He was a guest of the Iranian Centre for Democracy and presented a number of lectures on a broad range of social and cultural issues.
Darvishian died on 26 October 2017 in Tehran of respiratory failure at the age of 76.
Arnett E. Girardeau
Arnett Elysus Girardeau Sr. (July 15, 1929 – October 26, 2017) was an American dentist, civil rights activist and former politician in the state of Florida. He was born in Jacksonville, Florida. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was a member of the Florida House of Representatives from the 16th distrist from 1976 to 1982. He then served in the Florida Senate from 1983 through 1992.
Girardeau died on October 26, 2017 in Jacksonville of a heart attack at the age of 88.
Shea Norman
Minister Alen VonShea Norman (November 2, 1971 – October 26, 2017), who went by the stage name Shea Norman, was an American gospel singer-songwriter. He started his music career, in 2004, with the release of "My Heart Depends on You", by Verity Records. This would be his breakthrough release upon the "Billboard" Gospel Albums chart. The song, "'Tis So Sweet", was placed on the "WOW Gospel 2005".
Norman died of complications from diabetes in Memphis, Tennessee on October 26, 2017 at the age of 45.
Nelly Olin
Nelly Olin (23 March 1941 – 26 October 2017) was a French politician. She was a Minister of Environment in France under Dominique de Villepin's government from 2005 through 2007. From 2004 to 2005, Olin was the Minister-Delegate for Social Security. She was a Senator for the Oise department.
Olin served as Mayor of Garges-lès-Gonesse and Senator, both offices from 1995 to 2004.
Olin died on 26 October 2017 in Paris of complications from breast cancer. She was at age 76.
Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory
Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (abbreviated ZF) is a system of axioms used to describe set theory. When the axiom of choice is added to ZF, the system is called ZFC. It is the system of axioms used in set theory by most mathematicians today.
After Russell's paradox was found in the 1901, mathematicians wanted to find a way to describe set theory that did not have contradictions. Ernst Zermelo proposed a theory of set theory in 1908. In 1922, Abraham Fraenkel proposed a new version based on Zermelo's work.
An axiom is a statement which is accepted without question, and which has no proof. ZF contains eight axioms.
The axiom of choice says that it is possible to take one object out of each of the elements of a set and make a new set. For example, given the set formula_14, the axiom of choice would show that a set such as formula_28 exists. For finite sets, this axiom can be proved from the other axioms, but not for infinite sets.
Disjoint sets
Second Anglo-Mysore War
The Second Anglo-Mysore War was a conflict that took place on the Indian Subcontinent from 1780 to 1784. The war ended without a clear victory on either side. The Treaty of Mangalore restored the situation to the state before the war broke out. The war involved the Kingdom of Mysore and the British East India Company. The Kingdom of Mysore was a large kingdom, in the South of India. It was an ally of the French. The East India Company was on the side of the English.
Hyder Ali, the ruler of Mysore, committed himself to a French alliance to seek revenge against the British. The British had problems with Mysore because it had an alliance with the French.
The army of Hyder was one of the largest armies in India. In 1780, his army swept down the Eastern Ghats (mountains) and burnt the villages. Hyder set about forming a confederacy against the British. This included the French, the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad. Hyder Ali overthrew the government and established his authority over the Mysore state. Hyder Ali tried to made a treaty with the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad, but both of them decided not to take up arms against the British so Hyder Ali ended up fighting the war on his own. Hyder died in 1782 but Tipu Sultan proved to be a worthy successor, He introduced many reforms to overhaul and reorganize the administrative machinery. He also modernized the army.
The battle remained indecisive and peace was finally concluded with Tipu on 28 June 1784. The war ended by signing the peace treaty in 1784. The treaty was named as the treaty of Mangalore because the treaty was signed in Mangalore. The Treaty of Mangalore was signed between Tipu Sultan and the British East India Company on 11 March 1784. It was signed in Mangalore and brought an end to the Second Anglo-Mysore War.
The British had problems with Mysore because it had an alliance with the French. The Marathas attacked Hyder Ali and the British signed a treaty saying that they would help Hyder, but they never cared to show up. Between 1773 and 1779 Hyder Ali was expanding his kingdom. To counter the British threat, Nana Phadnavis, the Maratha chief minister at Pune formed an alliance with the Marathas, Mysore and the Nizam of Hyderabad.
Olorotitan
Olorotitan was a type of dinosaur.
Abdul Taleb Zaki
Abdul Taleb Zaki () was a Hazara politician and jihadist from Afghanistan.
Abdul Taleb Zaki, son of Abdul Wahid born in 1960 in Bamiyan Province of Afghanistan. He was a commander and a member of Hezbe Wahdat political party in Afghanistan.
He was the governor of Bamyan Province for four years from 1994 to 1998. He died in 1998 in Ghazni Province.
Leimbach, Haut-Rhin
M. S. Viswanathan
Manayangath Subramanian Viswanathan (24 June 1928 – 14 July 2015), also known as M.S.V., was an Indian music director, composer, and singer. He was popularly known as "Mellisai Mannar" (Tamil for "The King of Light Music"). He composed songs in 1200 movies from Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Kannada, and Hindi languages. He worked primarily in Tamil, Malayalam and Telugu movies.
Viswanathan died on 14 July 2015 in Chennai, India of respiratory failure at the age of 87.
Mohamed Abshir Muse
Mohamed Abshir Muse (, ), (1 July 1926 – 25 October 2017) also known as Mahamed Abshir Musa, was a well known Somali military person. He was active from 1940s to 1950s. He served General and the first Commander of the Somali Police Force. He was trained at the Carabinieri, Italy's national military training base.
Muse resigned in 1969 from his job at the police force. He was later jailed by the military dictator Siad Barre for speaking out against the regime.
Muse died on 25 October 2017 in Minneapolis, Minnesota aged 91.
Manfredi Nicoletti
Manfredi Nicoletti (16 June 1930 – 29 October 2017) was an Italian architect. He was born in Rieti, Italy. He was known for his projects Fontvieille, Monaco, the cancelled Helicoidal Skyscraper in New York City, the Catania–Fontanarossa Airport, Millennium Park in Abuja, Courthouse of Arezzo, the Kazakhstan Central Concert Hall and the Millennium Tower.
Nicoletti died on 29 October 2017 at the age of 87.
Manuel Sanchís Martínez
Manuel Sanchís Martínez (26 March 1938 – 28 October 2017) was a Spanish footballer who played as a defender. He was born in Alberique, Spain. His son was Manuel Sanchís Hontiyuelo.
Sanchís represented Real Madrid and Spain. They were one of only three father/son pairs to have won the European Cup/Champions League, and he played in 213 La Liga games over the course of ten seasons.
An international during nearly two years, Sanchís appeared with the national team at the 1966 World Cup.
Sanchís earned 11 caps for Spain, and represented the nation at the 1966 FIFA World Cup. During the group stages, he scored a rare goal in a 2–1 win against Switzerland.
Sanchís died on 28 October 2017 in Madrid, aged 79, from pulmonary embolism.
A pasty is a kind of pastry filled with meat or vegetables and baked, a bit like a pie. They are linked with Cornwall where they were first made.
Pastry dough is rolled out and cut in a circle. The raw filling is placed on half the circle, then the pastry is folded in half over the filling to cover it. The edges are then sealed by crimping (firmly pressed together), and baked. The baking time for the filling and the pastry is the same.
The pasty is made as a single-serving portion, for one person's meal. It's made to be held in the hand and does not need any cutlery. It may be eaten hot, warm, or at room temperature.
A pasty is portable and convenient to eat. It can be easily be taken to the workplace and kept until a mealtime break. No refrigeration is required if eaten the same day. The sealed, baked dough keeps the filling warm for hours after baking. A pasty could also be reheated by placing on or near a heat source - even by holding over a candle where no oven is available.
Fort Provintia
Fort Provintia is a defense base in Tainan, a city in south Taiwan, built by the Dutch in 1653, and now it’s a historic site.
In 1624, the Dutch colonized southern Taiwan in order to trade with mainland China. Before the fort was built, the place was a center of commercial trade. The fort was built by the Dutch to prevent another rebellion after the local people, led by Guo Huai-yi, went against the Dutch in 1652. The fort was still used as a trade center. The Dutch made the fort with red bricks and mortar, which were a mixture of water, sugar, sticky rice and oyster shells.
In 1662, Koxinga, the ruler of Zheng dynasty,expelled the Dutch, and the fort was used as his government with the new name Chen-Tien Fu. In 1664, the fort was abandoned as a place of government and was used as a place to store gunpowder.
In 1683, the ruler of Zheng dynasty surrendered to the Qing. In 1721, the fort was damaged when Zhu Yigui led uprising against the government. Also through the following years, the fort was destroyed by several earthquakes only a few walls remained. The chief administrator, Sheng Shou Qien, built the Penghu Academy in 1886. It is a Qing style building located at the west side of the fort. In 1879, both the Wunchang Pavilion (Temple of Literature God) and the Hai-She Temple（Temple of Sea God）were built by the emperor’s administrator, Shen Baozhen. The Wunchang Pavilion and the Hai-She Temple are located in the central part of the fort. The Wunchang Pavilion was built in honor of Wun- Chang, God of Literature. The Hai-She Temple was built in honor of God of the Sea.
In 1895, the Qing lost the First Sino-Japanese War and gave away the territory of Taiwan to Japan. The Japanese began to use the fort as an army hospital. In 1944, the Japanese began to restore the buildings including the walls that the Dutch had built, the Hai-Shen Temple, the Wunchang Pavilion and the Penghu Academy.
After WWII, Japan retreated from Taiwan. Then the fort was renamed Chihkan Tower and became an exhibition center. In 1960, the imperial tortoise statues and the stone monuments with historical records from the Great South Gate, part of the original 14 gates of the Tainan City Wall, were moved to the south Chihkan Tower.
AFC East
Stranger Things is an American science fiction television series created, written, directed and co-executive produced by the Duffer Brothers, as well as co-executive produced by Shawn Levy and Dan Cohen. The first season, released in July 2016, stars Winona Ryder, David Harbour, Finn Wolfhard, Millie Bobby Brown, Gaten Matarazzo, Caleb McLaughlin, Natalia Dyer, Charlie Heaton, Cara Buono and Matthew Modine, with Noah Schnapp and Joe Keery in recurring roles. For the second season, Schnapp and Keery were made series regulars, with actors Sadie Sink, Dacre Montgomery, Sean Astin and Paul Reiser also appearing. The series is allegedly based on a 1992 book "" which tells stories about the Montauk Project, an alleged series of secret U.S. government projects in Long Island.
Set in the fictional town of Hawkins, Indiana in the 1980s, the first season focuses on the investigation into the disappearance of a young boy amid supernatural events occurring around the town including the appearance of a psychokinetic girl who helps the missing boy's friends in their own search. The second season is set a year after the first, and deals with attempts of the characters to return to normal and consequences from that season. The third season is set in the summer of 1985.
"Stranger Things" was met with a very positive response by fans and critics. Viewer numbers for the series quickly climbed to around 14.7 million within the first 35 days after release. Popular review site Rotten Tomatoes gave the first season an approval rating of 96% based on 68 reviews, and a weighted average rating of 8.04/10.
Mark of Cornwall
King Mark was a legendary king of Cornwall. He lived in the early medieval period.
National Congress of Brazil
The National Congress of Brazil is the national parliament of Brazil. It is bicameral.
The two chambers are the Chamber of the deputies ("Câmaras dos deputados") and the Senate ("Senado").
The president of the senate is also the president of the National Congress.
The National Congress was created in 1825.
The chamber of the deputies has 344 deputies elected for a 4-years term and is ruled by a president ("presidente").
The senate has 81 senators (3 by state) elected for a 8-years term and is ruled by a president ("presidente").
The headquarters of the National Congress are in the plaza of the three powers ("praça dos três poderes").
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (19 October 1910 – 21 August 1995) was an Indian American Physicist. He received the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars".
He was born in Lahore now Pakistan until 1916, his family came and settled in Allahabad then in 1918, moved to Madras. He died in Chicago.
Trippie Redd
Michael Lamar White IV (born June 18, 1999), known professionally as Trippie Redd, is an American rapper, singer and songwriter.
Following his high school graduation, Trippie Redd moved to Atlanta, where he met rapper Lil Wop and was eventually offered a record deal with a professional recording studio. Trippie Redd is best known for his songs "Love Scars", "Poles1469", featuring 6ix9ine, and "Dark Knight Dummo", featuring Travis Scott, with the former two songs both certified gold by the RIAA, and the latter peaking at number 72 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 as well as receiving platinum certification by the RIAA. In July 2018, Trippie Redd announced his debut album would be titled "Life's a Trip". The album was released August 10, 2018 and debuted at number four on the"Billboard" 200 Album Chart selling 72,000 album-equivalent units. Trippie Redd earned his highest "Billboard 200" charting in November 2018 with the mixtape, "A Love Letter to You 3", debuting at number three.
Lil Wop helped White get started with a professional recording studio. They began working with Kodie Shane and recorded three projects, "Awakening My Inner Beast", "Beast Mode" and "Rock the World Trippie". White eventually signed to the label Strainge Entertainment (now known as Elliot Grainge Entertainment) and relocated to Los Angeles.
In May 2017, White released his debut mixtape, "A Love Letter to You", with the lead single "Love Scars", which received more than 8 million views on YouTube within several months and more than 13 million on SoundCloud. White was included on XXXTentacion's album "17", on the song "Fuck Love", which peaked at number 28 on the Billboard Hot 100.
In October 2017, White released his second mixtape, "A Love Letter to You 2". The album debuted at #34 on the "Billboard" 200. Later that month, White released a collaboration EP with Lil Wop, "Angels & Demons".
On December 5, 2017, White released the song "Dark Knight Dummo", which features Travis Scott. The song peaked at 72 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, making it White's first entry on the chart as a lead artist. On December 25, 2017, White released the song "TR666" on his SoundCloud account, which features Swae Lee and was produced by Scott Storch. The track was previewed on November 30. White released "18" alongside Baauer, Kris Wu, Joji and Rich Brian.
In an interview with "Billboard" in March 2018, White said his debut studio album would feature collaborations with Lil Wayne and Erykah Badu. In July 2018, White announced his debut album would be titled "Life's a Trip" and be 26 tracks long; he later trimmed it to 16 tracks. White released the singles "Me Likey" and "How You Feel" on June 22, 2018 and "Taking a Walk" on August 7, 2018. "Life's a Trip" was released August 10, 2018 and debuted at number four on the "Billboard" 200 Album Chart, with the single "Taking a Walk" debuting at number 49 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart.
Ming Chang
Ming Erh Chang (; April 20, 1932 – October 3, 2017) was a Chinese-born American military naval officer. He was born in Shanghai, China. He served in the U.S. Navy for 34 years. He became the Department of the Navy Inspector General in 1987. When Chang left the navy, he became vice president and corporate director for the Pacific region at Raytheon International and then president of MEC International, LLC.
Chang died on October 3, 2017 from complications of Parkinson's disease in McLean, Virginia at the age of 85.
Władysław Kowalski (24 February 1936 – 29 October 2017) was a Polish actor. He has appeared in nearly 100 movies and television shows from 1957 until his death in 2017. He was born in Żurawce, Poland. Kowalski was known for his roles in "Samson" (1961), "Dreszcze" (1981), "Escape from the 'Liberty' Cinema" (1990), "The Boy on the Galloping Horse" (2006), "Katyń" (2007), "Louise's Garden" (2008) and in "Body" (2015).
Kowalski died of a heart attack in Warsaw on 29 October 2017 at the age of 81.
Gert Timmerman
Gerrit "Gert" Timmerman (8 June 1935 in Oldenzaal – 28 October 2017 in Overdinkel) was a Dutch singer and musician from the Province of Overijssel. He was a baritone, and played the saxophone, the clarinet, the keyboard and the double bass.
His best known hits were "Nimm deine weiße Gitarre" (1963), "Ik heb eerbied voor jouw grijze haren" (1963), "Een moederhart, een gouden hart" (1964), "De schommelstoel" (1965), and "Brandend zand" (1970).
He married Hermien van der Weide (also from the Province of Overijssel) in 1963. As ""Gert and Hermien"" they were a very popular musical duo for many years.
Timmerman and his wife became Christians in 1974. After their conversion they started a Christian musical career but later on they returned to their previous career.
They divorced in 1999. He remarried another woman in 2002. Hermien died in 2003.
Gert died of pancreatic cancer in 2017, at the age of 82.
List of comuni of the Province of Chieti
Queue (unit)
John Saxon
John Saxon (born Carmine Orrico; August 5, 1936 – July 25, 2020) was an American actor and martial artist. He has worked on more than 200 movies in his 60 year long career starting in 1954. He was born in New York City to an Italian-American family.
Saxon was known for his work in westerns and horror movies as well as for his role as Roper in the 1973 movie "Enter the Dragon". He was well known for playing Lt. Donald Thompson in the 1984 slasher horror movie "A Nightmare on Elm Street".
Saxon died on July 25, 2020 in Murfreesboro, Tennessee from pneumonia-related problems, aged 83.
Lil Uzi Vert is the stage name of Symere Woods (born July 31, 1994). Woods is an American hip hop artist from Philadelphia.
Woods first received attention after releasing the single, "Money Longer", which topped at number 92 on "Billboard" Hot 100. Since then he has continued to release projects such as "Luv Is Rage", "Lil Uzi Vert vs. the World", "The Perfect Luv Tape", and "Luv Is Rage 2". Four of his songs from these projects have reached the Billboard Hot 100. His album "Luv is Rage 2" debuted at no. 1 on the Billboard 200. He was also a guest artist on the no. 1 charting single "Bad and Boujee" by rap group the "Migos".
Philippe, Chevalier de Lorraine
Philippe of Lorraine (1643 – 8 December 1702), known as the Chevalier de Lorraine, was a French nobleman and member of the House of Guise, cadet of the Ducal House of Lorraine. He was the renowned lover of Philippe of France, Duke of Orléans, Monsieur, only brother of Louis XIV. Even though he never married is is said to have had illegitimate children.
TD Ameritrade is a company that lets customers buy and sell stocks and other financial securities. It has headquarters in Omaha, Nebraska.
The company received its current name in January 2006, when Ameritrade Holding Corporation acquired TD Waterhouse from Toronto-Dominion Bank and was renamed TD Ameritrade.
Mutual of Omaha
Mutual insurance
Lil Yachty
Lil Yachty is the stage name of Miles Parks McCollum (born August 23, 1997). McCollum is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter from Georgia.
McCollum first received attention in August 2015 for his single "One Night" which topped at no. 49 on the Billboard Hot 100. Since then he has released four projects, "Lil Boat", "Summer Songs", "Summer Songs 2", and "Teenage Emotions". "Teenage Emotions" peaked at no. 5 on the US Billboard 200. He has also appeared on "KYLE's" "iSpy" which reached no. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 and DRAM's "Broccoli" which reached no. 5.
Fortune (magazine)
Seismic wave
Seismic waves are vibrating movement of the ground. Seismic waves can be caused by underground explosions, volcanic eruptions and man-made explosions that can vibrate the ground. Seismic waves go through the Earth’s layers. The speed of seismic waves depends on the type of materials they meet. When they meet different kind of material, they bounce or go in different directions. Seismic waves can be detected by seismographs.
Seismic waves are caused by earthquakes, underground explosions, volcanic eruptions and man-made explosions that can vibrate the ground. When earthquakes occur, they release energy in a form of seismic waves. Seismic waves make the ground vibrating to all directions from the starting point of the earthquake.
Seismic waves are divided into two main types of waves, body waves and surface waves. Body waves go through the Earth, and surface waves go along the Earth’s surface.
Body waves travel through the Earth’s interior. Body waves are divided into two types, primary waves and secondary waves.
Primary waves travel faster than any other waves, so when earthquakes occur primary waves arrive first at the surface. That’s why we call them ‘primary’.
Primary waves can go through solids, liquids and gases. Primary waves go 7~8 kilometers per second in solids, but primary waves have different speeds in liquids and gases.
The ground moves back and forth in the same direction as the primary waves move. Primary waves repeat squeezing and stretching the ground when they move.
Secondary waves arrive after primary waves. That’s why we call them ‘secondary’. Secondary waves can go 3~4 kilometers per second. Secondary waves can’t go through air and liquids. They can only go through solids. The ground moves up and down in the right angle to the direction of the secondary waves. Secondary waves temporary change the shape of materials.
Surface waves travel along the Earth’s surface. They come after the body waves. Surface waves are caused by primary waves and secondary waves when they arrive at the surface. There are two types of surface waves.
Rayleigh waves were named after John William Strutt Rayleigh. When Raleigh waves travel, the particles move in an oval shape, similar to water waves. The speed of Rayleigh waves depends on the types of solids. Information about Rayleigh waves give us the reason why the ground vibrates. Rayleigh waves are slower than Love waves.
Love waves were named after A.E.H. Love. Particles move back and forth at a 90 degree angle to the wave direction. The speed of Love waves depends on the types of solids. We can know the thickness of the Earth’s crust with Love waves. Love waves usually travel faster than the Rayleigh waves.
Seismic waves can be detected and recorded by seismographs. Primary waves are recorded faster than secondary waves. The period between the arrival time of primary waves and secondary waves is used to find the starting point of the wave. We can know about the Earth’s layer through seismic waves.
Tony Madigan
Antony Morgan "Tony" Madigan (4 February 1930 – 29 October 2017) was an Australian boxer and rugby player. He competed in boxing at the 1952, 1956 and 1960 Olympics and finished in fifth, fifth and third place.
In 1960 Madigan lost his semifinal to Muhammad Ali. He also won medals at three Commonwealth Games in the light-heavyweight division – a silver in 1954 and gold in 1958 and 1962.
Madigan was the 2010 addition for the Australian National Boxing Hall of Fame Veterans category.
Madigan died in France on 29 October 2017 of complications from pneumonia at the age of 87.
Denise P. Barlow
Denise Patrice Barlow (31 January 1950 – 21 October 2017) was a British geneticist. She was born in Yorkshire. She worked in the field of epigenomics.
Barlow was an elected member of European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO), an honorary professor of genetics at the University of Vienna and received the Erwin Schrödinger Prize of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in 2014. Her discovery of the first mammalian imprinted gene, IGF2R, which codes for the insulin-like growth factor was her best known work.
Barlow died of pancreatic cancer in Vienna, Austria on 21 October 2017 at the age of 67.
Hossein Rajabian
Hossein Rajabian (; born 5 July 1984) is an Iranian movie director, writer and photographer who was imprisoned in 2015 on charges related to his filmmaking.
After finishing his first feature movie, Rajabian was arrested by Iranian security forces on 5 October 2013 outside his office in Sari alongside two musicians, and was transferred to Ward 2-A of Evin Prison where all three of them were held in solitary confinement for more than two months and were threatened with televised confessions. He was released on bail (around $66,000) in mid-December, pending trial. Two years later, his case was heard at Branch 28 of Tehran which was presided over by Judge Moghisseh (Summer 2015). He was sentenced to six years in prison and fines for pursuing illegal cinematic activities, launching propaganda against the establishment and hurling insults at sanctities. On appeal, his sentence was changed to three years imprisonment and three years of suspended jail and fines.
Hossein Rajabian was sent to the ward 7 of Evin Prison in Tehran. After spending one third of his total period of imprisonment (that is 11 months), he went on hunger strike to protest against unjust trial, lack of medical facilities, and transfer of his brother to another ward called section 8 of the same prison. During the first hunger strike period, which lasted 14 days, he was transferred to hospital because of pulmonary infection and he could not continue his hunger strike because of the interference of the representative of the prosecutor who was sent as an intermediary. After some time, he sent an open letter to the judicial authorities of Iran and went again on strike which brought him the supports of international artists. After 36 days of hunger strike, he could convince the judicial authorities of Iran to review his case and grant him medical leave for the treatment of his left kidney suffered from infections and blood arising out of hunger strike. he, after a contentious struggle with the judicial officer of the prison was sent to the ward 8 for punishment.
After imprisonment of Hossein Rajabian, senior officials of the world started to react officially to this sentence. For instance, Ban Ki-moon, secretary general of the United Nations, issued a special declaration about the human rights in the world. In the ninth page of the annual declaration, he refers to the conditions of Hossein Rajabian in the Iranian prisons, and asks the Iranian authorities to release this filmmaker unconditionally. UN Special Rapporteur for human rights in Iran Asma Jahangir, in her annual report called for the unconditional release of Hossein Rajabian and other prisoners in Iran. It can be referred to the protesting speech delivered by , the Canadian Liberal Senator in the senate against the Iranian authorities and in support of Hossein Rajabian. After the imprisonment of Hossein Rajabian, who is a Norwegian an artist and political leader declared her support to him, and asked for unconditional release of him and all artists imprisoned throughout the world. Following that, Philip Luther, the head of Amnesty International published an official video talking about Hossein Rajabian and asked all artists of the world to launch a worldwide campaign to support him. After organizing an international petition by the Amnesty International, Johnny Depp, the American actor, and Peter Gabriel, the well-known musician initiated a campaign with the motto "Art is not a Crime" to protest against censorship and support Rajabian and all other imprisoned artists.
A petition was signed by more than 12,000 people of different human right activists and artists addressing the Iranian authorities to review the judicial case of Rajabian and several other prisoners. Finally, the United Nations Human Rights Committee unanimously passed a resolution against Iranian government for the flagrant violation of human rights as a reaction to the collective hunger strike of Hossein Rajabian and seven other political and ideological prisoners of Evin Prison. Following that, the United States Senate extended the sanctions imposed on Iran for the violation of human rights for another ten years. The citizens of European countries initiated a supporting campaign and a sit-in in front of the Iranian Embassies in different countries while showing his photos. The annual report U.S. Department of State on Human Rights in Iran in 2016, to the situation of prisoner filmmaker Hossein Rajabian.
In protest at his sentence and seizure of his movie materials, Hossein Rajabian released the medium-quality copy of his movie "" online.
Anarcho-primitivism
Anarcho-primitivism is a form of anarchism that is critical of the progress of human civilization.
Henry David Thoreau's work was very influential to early green anarchists. He supported simple living and self-sufficiency among natural surroundings as a way to fight the growth of industrial civilization.
In the late 1800s, anarchist naturism appeared as the union of anarchist and naturist ideas. The movement was influenced by Thoreau, Leo Tolstoy and Elisée Reclus. The movement supported vegetarianism, free love, nudism and an ecological view of the world. Followers viewed nudism as a way of avoiding the artificiality of the industrial modern society. Most of the followers were in Spain, France and Portugal.
Anarcho-primitivists believe that before the widespread use of agriculture, humans lived in egalitarian hunter-gatherer tribes. They believe that after the introduction of agriculture, humans slowly began to become
obsessed with technology, and divisions of labour began to cause inequality. Primitivists disagree about whether we should return to hunter-gatherer tribes, use permaculture, or both.
Primitivists believe, based on anthropological studies, that hunter-gatherer societies are less likely to have war, violence, and disease. Not all anthropologists believe this, however. A notable example would be Jared Diamond, who believes that tribe-based people are more prone to violence than developed states.
Anarchists are against strong government control, and strive for egalitarian relationships with others. However, Anarcho-primitivists go beyond and apply this to all life, not just human life. Anarcho-primitivists look at the history of human civilization in order to decide how to achieve their goals. They are influenced by the Luddites, and are generally against technology. Anarcho-primitivists appreciate the diversity of life, and believe that humans are damaging it.
Primitivists do not believe that a mass society can be free. They believe that the divisions of labour that these industrial societies produce lead to people relying on factories and other people to make their food, clothing, shelter, etc.; thus, forcing them to be a member of the society.
A common criticism of the anarcho-primitivist movement is hypocrisy. Critics say that while primitivists reject civilization, they usually live civilized lives and use technology to spread their message. Primitivists like John Zerzan say that using technology is a necessary evil for continuing to promote and discuss important conversations.
A notable primitivist, Derrick Jensen, rejects the term "primitivism," believing that it is racist way to describe Indigenous Peoples. He now prefers to be called a "indigenist" or an "ally to the indigenous."
Anarchists Wolfi Landstreicher and Jason McQuinn both criticize the movement as romanticizing exaggerations of Indigenous societies. They also claim that primitivists use the appeal to nature fallacy often. In response, primitivist John Zerzan says that the movement is not romanticizing Indigenous Peoples. It is instead promoting the "mainstream view presented in anthropology and archeology textbooks for the past few decades. It sounds utopian, but it's now the generally accepted paradigm."
United States presidential elections in Hawaii
Below is a table of all United States presidential elections in Hawaii since it became a state in 1959.
Hawaii has historically been a strong "blue" state, voting Democrat in 13 out of 15 of their presidential elections.
2021 FIFA Confederations Cup
The 2021 FIFA Confederations Cup was expected to be the 11th FIFA Confederations Cup tournament. It was cancelled as the plans to expand the FIFA Club World Cup in 2021 were approved.
In October 2017, FIFA planned to get rid of the Confederations Cup by 2021 in favor of an expanded FIFA Club World Cup and move the latter from December to June, holding it every four years.
La zona is a Spanish TV-series produced by Movistar+ for #0. It first episode was aired on 27th October 2017.
After a nuclear accident in Asturias, a vast exclusion zone was set up to contain the risk of radioactive propagation. A series of murders leads Héctor Uría ("Eduard Fernández"), the police chief who survived the catastrophe, to embark on an investigation to find the culprit.
Vadivelu
Vadivelu is one of the most famous comedian in the present era of Tamil cinema .following the worlds best comedian Surya of neyveli. The comedian known in Tamil cinema mainly for his slapstick comedies. He is also a playback singer and an actor who played supporting roles along with comedy. He acted in about 200 and above movies. Vadivelu received awards in the Best Comedian category for his performances in Kaalam Maari Pochu (1996), Vetri Kodi Kattu (2000), Thavasi (2001), Chandramukhi (2005), Imsai Arasan 23m Pulikesi (2006), Marudhamalai (2007) and Kathavarayan (2008) Velayudham (2011) . His popularity led to his media-coined nickname, Vaigai Puyal, meaning "the storm from the Vaigai River which flows through his hometown Madurai.
He started his career in Tamil cinema as a side-comedian along with the Tamil cinema's most famous duo of Goundamani and Senthil. Vadivelu rose as a renowned actor from the movie Kadhalan (1998), although his debut is in En Thangai Kalyani of T.Rajendar.
Some of his most famous movies are Friends, Bharathi Kannamma, Vetri Kodi Kattu, Winner, Giri, Thalainagaram, Marudhamalai and Chandramukhi. The actor played the lead in the blockbuster Imsai Arasan 23am Pulikesi (2006) where he played a dual role of twin brothers. His next movie in a lead role was Indiralogathil Na Azhagappan (2008), which was however a big failure.
After the 2011 Legislative Assembly election fight between Vijayakanth, leader of DMDK and Vadivelu in which he was severely criticized for his public speeches that heavily alledged Vijayakanth, he took rest for two years from media appearance since his rival and his alliance won the election. He signed up to play a double role in the movie Tenaliraman, his third movie as hero. The movie did decent business at the box office.
Ilaiyaraaja
Ilayaraaja is a famous film composer and singer in South Indian cinema especially in Tamil cinema. Ilaiyaraaja is also an instrumentalist, conductor, singer, and songwriter. He has composed more than 6000 songs and provided film music or movie soundtrack for more than 1000 films, particularly being famous for his background music.
Ilayaraaja introduced Western type of music into the Tamil cinema.He is also known for creating music by fusing symphonic orchestration with traditional Indian instrumentation.In 1993 he organised a full symphony performed by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra in London and thus became the First Indian to compose a full symphony, with Ravi Shankar being the only other Indian to do so. He is also the first Asian to compose a full symphony performed by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. He has won five Indian National Film Awards (the highest film honor in India); three for Best Music Direction and two for Best Background Score. In 2010 he has received Padma Bhushan, awarded by the Government of India.
He is usually referred to by the title Isaignani (), or as "The Maestro". Ilaiyaraja is a gold medalist in classical guitar from Trinity College of Music, London. In 2003, according to an international poll conducted by BBC, more than half-a million people from 165 countries voted his composition "Rakkamma Kaiya Thattu" from the 1991 film "Thalapathi" as fourth in the world's top 10 most popular songs of all time.
In 2015, he was also honoured with the Centenary Award for lifetime achievement at the 46th International Film Festival of India (IFFI) at Panaji, Goa. On December 31, 2015, he was nominated by the Kerala Government for Nishagandi Puraskaram, the top award conferred by the Kerala Government's Tourism Ministry, for his artistic excellence and contributions to the Indian film industry.
In a poll conducted by CNN-IBN celebrating 100 years of Indian cinema in 2013, Ilaiyaraaja was voted as the greatest music composer of India with a maximum of 49%.
Ilaiyaraaja was born as Gnanathesikan in 1943 in a normal middle-class family in Pannaipuram, Theni district, Tamil Nadu, India. When he joined the school his father changed his name as "Rajaiya" but his village people used to call him as "Raasayya". Ilaiyaraaja joined Dhanraj Master as a student to learn musical instruments and the master renamed and called him as just "Raaja". In his first movie "Annakili", Tamil film producer Panchu Arunachalam added "Ilaiya" (Ilaiya means younger in Tamil language) as prefix in his name Raaja and he named as "Ilaiyaraaja" because in the 1970s there was one more music director A. M. Rajah who was a popular one.
Ilaiyaraaja was married to Jeeva and the couple have three children—Karthik Raja, Yuvan Shankar Raja and Bhavatharini—all film composers and singers. His wife Jeeva died on 31 October 2011. Ilaiyaraaja has a brother Gangai Amaran, who is also a music director and lyricist in Tamil film industry.
Yuvan Shankar Raja
Yuvan Shankar Raja (born 31 August 1979) is an Indian singer-songwriter, film score and soundtrack composer, and occasional lyricist from Chennai, Tamil Nadu. He composed music for Tamil films like his father Ilaiyaraaja. He began his career at the age of 16, when he composed the film music for "Aravindhan".
Then after a long break he composed for "Thulluvatho Ilamai" in the year 2001. Within 15 years, Yuvan Shankar Raja has worked on over 100 films. Considered a multi-talented composer. He is particularly known for his use of western music elements and often credited with having introduced Hip hop to the Tamil film and music industry and having started the "era of remixes" in Tamil Nadu.
Born on 31 August 1979, in Chennai, Tamil Nadu into a Tamil family, Yuvan Shankar Raja is the third and youngest child of musician and film composer Ilaiyaraaja and his late wife Jeeva. He is the younger brother of music director Karthik Raja and playback singer & music director Bhavatharini. His father as well as his siblings have sung many songs under his direction. Yuvan Shankar did his schooling at St. Bede's Anglo Indian Higher Secondary School in Chennai, and discontinued his education after his tenth class. He started learning music from Jacob Master, attending piano classes at "Musee Musical" in Chennai, which is affiliated to Trinity College in London, UK.
National deep fried clams day
National Deep Fried Clams Day is a national holiday celebrating the process of deep frying and consuming clams.
The holiday is observed on November 1st every year. It is common for people to cook and serve clams on this day.
The first deep fried clams were made in Essex, Massachusetts, on July 3rd, 1916. The creator, Lawrence Henry Woodman, owned a small restaurant, where he sold the fried clams to passersby. The food quickly spread around the country and gained attention. Today, National Deep Fried Clams Day is celebrated on November 1st. It is unknown why it is this day rather than July 3rd.
It is customary to deep fry and serve clams on this day, battering and breading them to form a dish of "clam strips." As well as this, a more modern method of celebrating is to post #DeepFriedClamsDay on social media.
Arthrostylidium schomburgkii
Arthrostylidium judziewiczii
Pontresina
+ (album)
+ (pronounced "plus") is the first studio album by English artist Ed Sheeran. The album was released on September 9, 2011 and is considered to be Sheeran's breakthrough into the music industry.
"+" was met with mostly positive reviews from critics on release. The album topped the UK Album Charts at no. 1 and went on to become Triple Platinum certified, with over 1,958,000 copies being sold. This makes it the sixth best-selling album of the 2010s and the 44h best-selling album of the 21st century. The albums two preceding singles—"The A Team" and "You Need Me, I Don't Need You"— peaked at No. 3 and No. 4 on the UK Singles Chart.
Erie County, New York
Erie County is a county in the state of New York in the United States. As of the 2010 census, 919,040 people lived there. The county seat is Buffalo. The county's name comes from Lake Erie.
The cities of Lackawanna and Tonawanda are in Erie County.
Erie County is home to the Buffalo Bills football team, the Buffalo Sabres hockey team, and the Buffalo Bandits lacrosse team.
Chusquea
Chusquea is a genus of evergreen bamboos in the grass family. Most of them are native to mountain habitats in Latin America, from Mexico to southern Chile and Argentina.
They are sometimes referred to as South American mountain bamboos. Unlike most other grasses, the stems of these species are solid, not hollow. Some animals are associated with stands of "Chusquea", for example the Inca wren and the plushcap.
"Chusquea culeou", the colihue cane, from southern Chile and western Argentina, is notable as the most frost-tolerant South American bamboo and the only one that has been grown successfully to any extent in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, with successful growth as an ornamental plant north to Scotland. The colihue cane was used by the Mapuches Indians to make instruments and as lances during the War of Arauco.
"Chusquea quila" (in Spanish "quila"), in contrast to Colihue, has a spreading or vining growth. It prefers wet places and does not grow above , where "C. coleou" becomes more dominant. "Chusquea quila" can form pure stands called "quilantales". Very few plants can grow under this species.