AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The ranges begin with the Alaska Range and the Brooks Range in Alaska and run through the Yukon into British Columbia. The main belt of the Rocky Mountains along with the parallel Coast Ranges of mountains and islands continue through British Columbia and Vancouver Island.
In the United States, the cordillera branches to include the Rocky Mountains, the Sierra Nevada, and the Cascades and Coast ranges of Washington, Oregon, and California. In Mexico, the cordillera continues through the Sierra Madre Occidental and Sierra Madre Oriental, as well as the backbone mountains of the Baja California peninsula.
The ranges of the cordillera from Mexico northwards are called the North American Cordillera or Western Cordillera in the United States and Canada, and the Canadian Cordillera or Pacific Cordillera in Canada.
The cordillera goes on through the mountain ranges of Central America in Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. It becomes the Andes Mountains of South America. The Andes with their parallel chains and the island chains off the coast of Chile continue through Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile to the very tip of South America at Tierra del Fuego. Also, the range may be followed through the South Georgia Ridge across the Southern Ocean to the mountains of Graham Land on the Antarctic Peninsula.
The cause of this remarkable geographical feature was the movement of the Americas away from the supercontinent of Pangaea. This began 200 million years ago.
The movement also explains the low-lying swamp features on the Eastern side of the two continents (most notably in in Miami and Brazil).
This great feature is sometimes called the Continental Divide of the Americas. This refers to the drainage basins of the two continents.
This oceanic tectonic plate sits east of South America and is moving under it. It is mainly responsible for the Andean mpuntain range. The subduction of the Nazca plate under southern Chile produced the largest earthquake ever recorded on Earth, the moment magnitude 9.5 1960 Valdivia earthquake.
California formed as a series of small island arcs, plus ocean sediments and oceanic crust. They were stuck to the western edge of North America, producing a series of deep basins and high mountain ranges. The oldest rocks date back to the Proterozoic era 1.8 billion years ago.
During the Cenozoic, rock was stuck ("accreted") to the edge of California. Vast areas of marine sedimentary rocks were deposited. Examples of filled basins included the Los Angeles Basin, the Eel River Basin around Eureka and the 50,000 foot thick sedimentary sequences of the Ventura Basin. The San Andreas Fault became most active after the Miocene. It had up to 350 miles of offset in some places.
Nakba
The Nakba was a mass exodus that occurred in 1948 when over 700,000 Palestinians fled from Mandatory Palestine. "Nakba" is an Arabic word meaning "catastrophe". The Nakba happened because of the Arab-Israeli war. Its still has effects today because the descendants of the people involved are still refugees in neighbouring countries. There are about 5 million Palestinians in countries such as Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria. The Palestinian government has been negotiating with Israel about their right to return to their former homes.
Lorna Casselton
Lorna Ann Casselton (18 July 1938 – 14 February 2014) was a British academic and biologist. She was Professor Emeritus of Fungal Genetics in the Department of Plant Science at the University of Oxford. She was also the Foreign Secretary for The Royal Society from 2006 until 2011.
Casselton was born in Rochford, Essex. She was married to Peter Casselton until their divorce. In 1981, she married William Joseph Dennis "Bill" Tollett.
Casselton died on 14 February 2014 at the age of 75.
Palace of Caserta
The Palace of Caserta is a palace in Italy. It is just outside Naples. It was built by King Carlo VII of Naples. It was one of the largest buildings built in Italy in the 8th century. It was mainly used as a summer residence of the royal family of the Two Sicilies. In Italian it is known as the Reggia di Caserta. The palace has some 1,200 rooms, including two dozen state apartments, a large theatre modelled after the Teatro San Carlo of Naples. It is often compared to the Palace of Versailles and therefore called the "Italian Versailles".
In 1997, the palace was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The nomination described it as "the swan song of the spectacular art of the Baroque, from which it adopted all the features needed to create the illusions of multidirectional space". The king wanted a magnificent new royal court and administrative center for the Kingdom in a place protected from sea attack.
The palace was used during the filming of "" and ""
Warren Lamb
Warren Lamb (28 April 1923 – 21 January 2014) was an English management consultant, teacher and lecturer. He was a pioneer in the field of nonverbal behavior, doing significant work in Laban Movement Analysis. He also created Movement Pattern Analysis. He was born in Wallasey, Lancashire (now Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, Merseyside).
Lamb died on 21 January 2014 in Claremont, California in the United States. He was 90 years old. He was outlived by his second wife and four children.
Rodeo of Chile
Blazar
A blazar is a very compact quasar (quasi-stellar radio source). They have a presumed supermassive black hole at the center of an active, giant elliptical galaxy. Blazars are among the most energetic phenomena in the universe and are an important topic in astronomy.
Blazars are one of a group of active galaxies that host active galactic nuclei (AGN). An AGN is a region at the centre of a galaxy which has a much higher than normal luminosity over some or all of the electromagnetic spectrum.
The name "blazar" was originally coined in 1978 by astronomer Edward Spiegel. Blazars are AGN with a relativistic jet which is pointing in the general direction of the Earth. We observe "down" the jet, or nearly so. Many blazars have apparent superluminal features within the first few parsecs of their jets, probably due to relativistic shock fronts.
The blazar at the centre of galaxy M87 is fuelled by a black hole with a mass of about three billion solar masses within ten light years of the galaxy centre.
Victoria Coren Mitchell
Victoria Coren Mitchell (born 18 August 1972) is a British journalist, television presenter and poker player.
She was born in Hammersmith, London and raised in Cricklewood, London. She gained a first-class degree in English from St John's College, Oxford. She is the daughter of Alan Coren and sister of Giles Coren.
She presented "Balderdash and Piffle". She presents "Only Connect".
She married David Mitchell on 17 November 2012. The couple's daughter was born in May 2015.
Kevin Michael "GG" Allin (born Jesus Christ Allin; August 29, 1956 – June 28, 1993) was an American punk rock singer. He made music with many bands. He was known for his stage antics that often featured transgressive acts. This included coprophagia, self-mutilation, and attacking audience members. He was called "the most spectacular degenerate in rock & roll history" by G4TV's "That's Tough".
Allin was born at Weeks Memorial Hospital. On March 2, 1962 Allin's name was changed to Kevin Michael Allin by his mother.
Allin's first solo album "Always Was, Is and Always Shall Be" was released in 1980.
Allin had convictions, including assault. He was diagnosed with a mixed personality disorder with borderline, narcissistic and masochistic features.
Allin died on June 28, 1993 from a heroin overdose. He was 36 years old.
Unit vector
A unit vector is any vector that is one unit in length. Unit vectors are often notated the same way as normal vectors, but with a mark over the letter (e.g. formula_1 being the unit vector of formula_2.)
To make a vector into a unit vector, one just needs to divide it by its length: formula_3. The resulting unit vector will be in the same direction as the original vector.
Three common unit vectors used in component form are formula_4, formula_5 and formula_6, referring to the three-dimensional unit vectors for the x-, y- and z-axes, respectively. They are commonly just notated as i, j and k.
They can be written as follows:
For the unit vector corresponding to the formula_8-th basis vector of a vector space, the symbol formula_9 (or formula_10) may be used.
BASE jumping
BASE jumping is a fringe sport in which a person jumps from a fixed place and uses a parachute to slow down before the ground is reached. "BASE" is an acronym that stands for each of the four jump location categories: from buildings, antennas, spans (bridges) and the earth. This last is similar to "jumping off a cliff". BASE jumping is an extreme sport. This means it involves speed, height, danger or spectacular stunts.
The idea for BASE jumping came from skydiving. BASE jumping is much more dangerous than skydiving from aircraft.
BASE jumps are usually made from much lower altitudes than skydives. Also, the jumper leaps closer to the platform or standing space. BASE jumpers fall through the air at slower speeds than skydivers, because they begin the jump closer to the ground. As a skydiver falls, he accelerates while falling and gains speed with each second. So a BASE jumper does not always reach terminal velocity. Because faster speed while falling through the air gives jumpers more control of their bodies, and a quicker parachute opening, the longer the delay in the air, the safer.
Another danger is that most BASE jumpers have very small areas in which to land. A beginner skydiver, after the parachute opens, may have about three minutes or more of a parachute ride to reach the ground. A BASE jump from 500 feet will only have a parachute ride of 10 to 15 seconds.
BASE jumping has a death rate averaging about one fatality for every sixty jumpers. It is one of the most dangerous sporting activities in the world. It has a fatality and injury rate 43 times higher than parachuting from a plane.
As of the end of July 2015, at least 264 people have died during a BASE jump.
Dean Potter and Graham Hunt were killed in a BASE jump attempt at Yosemite National Park in California on May 16, 2015. Potter was a well known rock climber. They jumped at dusk from about 3000 feet up. They both quickly smashed into the rocks of the cliff on the way down. Neither jumper used a parachute that might have saved them.
American BASE jumper Ian Flanders died in Kemaliye, Turkey on July 21, 2015. His parachute got tangled in his feet after he jumped and did not open. He fell 900 feet into the Karasu river at a high speed. The jump was being shown live on a local television station.
Russian BASE jumper Valery Rozov died on November 11, 2017, while jumping from the Ama Dablam Mountain in Nepal.
After the death in Turkey, a fellow jumper said to People Magazine, "There's just this very thin margin of how things can go from 'totally fine' to 'it's over'. And it's really hard to do this sport a lot and have that margin not catch up with you."
In September 2013, three men jumped off the incompletely built "One World Trade Center" in New York City. They filmed their jump using cameras on their heads and later showed the video on YouTube. In March 2014, the three jumpers and one helper on the ground were arrested after turning themselves in.
John Anderson, Jr.
John Anderson Jr. (May 8, 1917 – September 15, 2014) was an American politician. He was the 36th Governor of Kansas. He served from 1961 until 1965.
Anderson was born near Olathe, Kansas. Anderson died in Olathe, Kansas at the age of 97.
Edgar Whitcomb
Edgar Doud Whitcomb (November 6, 1917 – February 4, 2016) was an American politician. He was the 43rd Governor of Indiana. He served from 1969 to 1973.
Whitcomb was born in Hayden, Indiana. Whitcomb died February 4, 2016 at his home in Rome, Indiana from heart failure at the age of 98.
Patrick Lucey
Patrick Joseph Lucey (March 21, 1918 – May 10, 2014) was an American politician. He served as the 38th Governor of the US state of Wisconsin from 1971 to 1977. In 1977, he was appointed ambassador to Mexico by President Jimmy Carter. He was an independent vice-presidential candidate in 1980 with John Anderson.
Lucey was born in La Crosse, Wisconsin. He died in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, aged 96.
Marvin Mandel
Marvin Mandel (April 19, 1920 – August 30, 2015) was an American politician. He was the 56th Governor of Maryland. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was governor from 1969 to 1979.
Mandel was born in Baltimore, Maryland.
David P. Buckson
David Penrose Buckson (July 25, 1920 – January 18, 2017) was an American lawyer and politician. He served as Governor of Delaware. He served as governor from 1960 to 1961. He was a member of the Republican Party.
Buckson was born in Townsend, Delaware. He died at a retirement home in Milford, Delaware on January 18, 2017, aged 96.
John Malcolm Patterson
John Malcolm Patterson (September 27, 1921 – June 4, 2021) was an American politician. He was the 44th Governor of the U.S. state of Alabama. He served as governor from 1959 to 1963. Patterson was a member of the Democratic Party.
Patterson ran with the support of the Ku Klux Klan when he won the Governorship of Alabama in 1958.
Patterson was born in Goldville, Alabama. He died on June 4, 2021 in Goldville, aged 99.
William Milliken
William Grawn Milliken (March 26, 1922 – October 18, 2019) was an American politician. He served as the 44th Governor of Michigan from January 22, 1969 to January 1, 1983. He was a member of the Republican Party.
Milliken was born in Traverse City, Michigan. He died on October 18, 2019 in Traverse City at the age of 97.
Rose Mofford
Rose Perica Mofford (June 10, 1922 – September 15, 2016) was an American civil servant and politician. Mofford was the first female Secretary of State of Arizona serving from 1977 to 1988. She then became the first female Governor of Arizona serving from 1988 to 1991. Mofford was a member of the Democratic Party.
Mofford was born in Globe, Arizona. She died on September 15, 2016, from complications from a fall while under hospice care in Phoenix, aged 94.
Sarah Marshall (actress)
Sarah Lynne Marshall (25 May 1933 – 18 January 2014) was an English actress. Her television credits include: "The Twilight Zone", "F Troop", "Get Smart", and "" and "Daniel Boone". She was born in London, the daughter of actors Herbert Marshall and Edna Best.
Marshall died from cancer of unknown primary origin on 18 January 2014 in Los Angeles, California in the United States. She was 80 years old. She was outlived by her husband and son.
True (song)
"True" is a 1983 pop ballad from British group Spandau Ballet. The song was released in April 1983. It was a worldwide hit. It hit #1 on some charts. It hit #4 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. It was #1 on the Adult Contemporary chart for one week.
There are several versions of this song. One lasts six and a half minutes.
Yevgeny Primakov
Yevgeny Maksimovich Primakov (, tr. "Yevgeniy Maksimovich Primakov"; 29 October 1929 – 26 June 2015) was a Russian politician and diplomat. He was the Prime Minister of Russia from 1998 to 1999.
Primakov was born to a partly Jewish family (his mother was Jewish) in Kiev, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union now Ukraine.
Georgy Lvov
Prince Georgy Yevgenyevich Lvov () (2 November 18617 March 1925) was a Russian diplomat and politician. He was the first post-imperial Prime Minister of Russia. He served as Prime Minister from 15 March to 21 July 1917.
Lvov was born in Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony, German Confederation.
Lvov resigned in July 1917 in favor of his Minister of Justice, Alexander Kerensky. Lvov was arrested when the Bolsheviks seized power later that year. He escaped and settled in Paris, where he spent the rest of his life.
Lvov died in Paris, aged 63.
Viktor Chernomyrdin
Viktor Zubkov
Viktor Alekseyevich Zubkov (; born 15 September 1941) is a Russian politician and businessman. He served as the Prime Minister of Russia twice: from September 2007 to May 2008.
He was Vladimir Putin's First Deputy Prime Minister during the Presidency of Dmitri Medvedev.
Zubkov was born in Sverdlovsk Oblast.
Yegor Gaidar
Yegor Timurovich Gaidar (; 19 March 1956 – 16 December 2009) was a Soviet and Russian economist, politician, and author. He was the Acting Prime Minister of Russia from 15 June 1992 to 14 December 1992.
Nikolai Bulganin
Nikolai Alexandrovich Bulganin (; 30 March 1895 – 24 February 1975) was a famous Soviet politician. He served as Minister of Defence (1953–55) and Premier of the Soviet Union (1955–58).
Dario Franchitti
Dario Franchitti (born 19 May 1973) is a Scottish racing driver. He is best known for winning the IndyCar Series championship four times (in 2007, 2009, 2010 and 2011). He won the Indianapolis 500 three times. He most recently drove for Chip Ganassi Racing. He won three of his four championships while driving for that team. Franchitti has also driven in NASCAR and sportscar races. In 2013, he retired from racing after he was hurt in a crash during a race.
Franchitti was born on 19 May 1973 in Bathgate, Scotland. He began racing as a young boy. In 1996, he ran in the DTM series for Mercedes-Benz. He moved to CART racing in 1997. He drove for Hogan Racing in 1997. Franchitti finished a strong second place in 1999. In 2000, he thought about moving to the Jaguar Formula One team, but stayed in IndyCar racing. At this time he was driving for Andretti Autosport.
In 2003, Franchitti moved to the Indy Racing League (now IndyCar). He had to miss much of the year after he was injured in a motorcycle accident. Dan Wheldon replaced Franchitti at a race in Japan.
2007 was Franchitti's most successful season so far. He won the Indianapolis 500 and the series title.
Franchitti spent 2008 in NASCAR with Chip Ganassi Racing. He had some strong results, but he had a difficult season and decided to return to IndyCar. (IndyCar had merged with ChampCar in 2008.) He drove for Ganassi's IndyCar team, where he replaced Wheldon.
The 2009 season was very successful for Franchitti. He won the title over his teammate Scott Dixon and Penske driver Ryan Briscoe after winning the final race in Miami.
In 2010, Franchitti had a long battle with Australian driver Will Power. Franchitti won his second straight title.
Franchitti won again in 2011 after another battle with Power. His longtime friend Dan Wheldon was killed in a massive crash at the last race of the season in Las Vegas.
Franchitti did not have as much success in 2012 or 2013. He did win the Indianapolis 500 in 2012. During the 2013 Houston Grand Prix, a crash happened when he was racing in a difficult part of the course. Franchitti and several fans were seriously injured. Franchitti retired from racing after this crash. He is still involved with racing. He will drive the pace car for the 2014 Indianapolis 500. His place at the Ganassi team was taken by Tony Kanaan.
Franchitti married American actress Ashley Judd in December 2001. The couple broke up in 2013.
Baby Don't Forget My Number
"Baby Don't Forget My Number" is a popular dance hit song by the music group Milli Vanilli. It was released in December 1988. It was the first of Milli Vanilli's three #1 hits on the "Billboard" Hot 100 between 1988-1990.
The longest cut is eight minutes and 20 seconds.
Jens Stoltenberg
Jens Stoltenberg (; born 16 March 1959) is a Norwegian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Norway from 2000 to 2001 and again from 2005 to 2013. He is a member of the Labour Party. On 28 March 2014, he was appointed by NATO's North Atlantic Council as Secretary General of NATO and chairman of the North Atlantic Council, in succession to Anders Fogh Rasmussen. He has held the position since 1 October 2014.
Stoltenberg has been a member of the Global Commission for the Economy and Climate.
Stoltenberg was born in Oslo, and is a member of the Stoltenberg political family. He is married to Ingrid Schulerud and they have two children together. He is an agnostic.
During the 2011 Norway attacks, the building where the prime minister's office then was - was bombed; Stoltenberg was then at the prime minister's residence (or the building which becomes the prime mininster's home, until he no longer is a prime minister).
Stoltenberg's father, Thorvald (1931–2018), was the Foreign Minister in the Brundtland government twice.
Erna Solberg (; born 24 February 1961) is a Norwegian politician. She has been leader of the Conservative Party since 2004 and Prime Minister of Norway since October 2013.
Solberg was born in Bergen. She has two children with her husband, Sindre Finnes.
Cuthbert A. Pattillo
Cuthbert Augustus "Bill" Pattillo (June 3, 1924 – February 20, 2014) was a Major General in the United States Air Force. He served in World War II and the Vietnam War. He worked as Director of Plans and Policy for the United States Readiness Command at MacDill Air Force Base. He was as a pioneer in jet aerobatic demonstration teams. He was born in Atlanta, Georgia. His twin brother was Charles C. Pattillo.
Pattillo died from natural causes on February 20, 2014 at his home in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He was 89 years old.
Francine Lalonde
Francine Lalonde (August 24, 1940 – January 17, 2014) was a Canadian politician. She was a Bloc Québécois member of the House of Commons of Canada, representing the districts of La Pointe-de-l'Île from 2004 election to 2011, and Mercier from the 1993 election to 2004. She was also a lecturer, teacher and unionist and campaigner for assisted suicide. She was born in Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec.
Lalonde died from cancer on January 17, 2014 in Quebec. She was 73 years old.
Mohamed Guessous
Mohamed Guessous (1938 – 7 February 2014) was a Moroccan academic, activist, educator and sociologist. He was also a politician in the Socialist Union of Popular Forces. He studied in Canada and at Princeton University in New Jersey, United States. He was born in Fes.
Guessous died after a long illness on 7 February 2014 in Rabat, aged 76. He was called "Father of Sociology in Morocco".
Prokash Karmakar
Prokash Karmakar (; 1933 – 24 February 2014) was a preeminent Indian artist and painter. His work is in the permanent collection of a number of museums and galleries all over India, including the National Gallery of Modern Art in New Delhi. He was born in Kolkata, West Bengal.
Karmakar died from an illness on 24 February 2014. He was 81 years old.
Jeffery Dench
Jeffery Dench (29 April 1928 – 27 March 2014) was an English actor. He is best known for his work with the Royal Shakespeare Company. He was the older brother of actress Judi Dench. Dench was known for his role in "First Knight".
Dench died on 27 March 2014, aged 85.
Baruch Samuel Blumberg
Baruch Samuel "Barry" Blumberg (July 28, 1925 – April 5, 2011) was an American doctor of Jewish descent.
He is best known for the research he did on the Hepatitis B virus. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1976 for "discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases". He shared the prize with Daniel Carleton Gajdusek.
He died on April 5, 2011 a short while after he gave the keynote speech at the International Lunar Research Park Exploratory Workshop held at NASA Ames Research Center.
Karl Spillman Forester
Karl Spillman Forester (May 2, 1940 – March 29, 2014) was an American judge. He was the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky. He served from July 27, 1988 until his death in March 29, 2014. He was nominated by President of the United States Ronald Reagan.
Forester died in Lexington, Kentucky, aged 73.
Jerry Roberts
Captain Jerry Roberts MBE (Raymond C. Roberts) (18 November 1920 – 25 March 2014) was a British businessman and wartime codebreaker. During World War II, Roberts was worked as a codebreaker at Bletchley Park from 1941 to 1945. He was a leading codebreaker and linguist, who worked on Tunny — Hitler's most top-level code. He was born in Wembley, Middlesex.
Robert died on 25 March 2014, aged 93.
Paddy Cronin
Paddy Cronin (c. 1925 – 15 March 2014) was an Irish fiddler. He was born in Ré Buí near Gneeveguilla, County Kerry.
In the early 1970s, he went on to record an LP, "Music In The Glen", for the Fleetwood label, followed by "The House In The Glen" for Talcon.
In 1975, Paddy released "The Rakish Paddy" LP with Fiddler Records of Seattle, and in 1977 released "Kerry's Own Paddy Cronin" with Outlet records of Belfast.
He died on 15 March 2014 in Dublin, Ireland, aged 88.
Dickinson W. Richards
Dickinson Woodruff Richards, Jr. (October 30, 1895 – February 23, 1973) was an American physician and physiologist.
He is best known for the research he did on the development of cardiac catheterization as well as the characterization of a number of cardiac diseases.
He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1956 "for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system". He shared the prize with André Cournand and Werner Forssmann.
He died in Lakeville, Connecticut on February 23, 1973.
Amoebozoa
The Amoebozoa are a eukaryote phylum of "Amoeba"-like protozoa. Most move by internal cytoplasmic flow. Their finger-like pseudopodia are characteristic.
They are a major group with about 2,400 described species of amoeboid protists. In most classification schemes, Amoebozoa is ranked as a phylum in either the kingdom Protista or the kingdom Protozoa. In the classification of the International Society of Protistologists, it is kept as an unranked "supergroup" in the Eukaryota.
Sequence analysis shows Amoebozoa is a monophyletic clade. Most phylogenetic trees identify it as the sister group to Opisthokonta. That is another major clade which contains both Fungi and Animals as well as some 300 species of unicellular protists. Amoebozoa and Opisthokonta are sometimes grouped together in a high-level taxon, variously named Unikonta, Amorphea, or Opimoda.
Amoebozoa includes many of the best-known amoeboid organisms, such as "Chaos", "Entamoeba", "Pelomyxa" and the genus "Amoeba" itself.
Most are unicellular, and are common in soils and aquatic habitats. Some are symbionts of other organisms, including several pathogens. The Amoebozoa also include the mycetozoan slime moulds, multinucleate or multicellular forms which produce spores and are usually visible to the unaided eye.
The nutrition is usually by phagocytosis. The cell surrounds food particles, sealing them into vacuoles where they are digested and absorbed. When food is scarce, most species form cysts, which may be carried by air to other places. In slime moulds, these structures are called spores, and form on stalked structures called fruiting bodies or sporangia.
Most Amoebozoa lack flagella and more generally do not form microtubule-supported structures except during mitosis. However, flagella occur among some archamoebae, and many slime moulds produce biflagellate gametes.
A characteristic form is the model organism "Dictyostelium discoideum".
Phuntsok Wangyal
Phuntsok Wangyal Goranangpa or Bapa Phuntsok Wangyal (; January 1922 – 30 March 2014), better known as Phuntsog Wangyal and sometimes Phünwang, was a Tibetan politician. He was a communist and is best known for having founded the Tibetan Communist Party. For his activities, he was arrested by Chinese authorities and was jailed for eighteen years at the Qincheng Prison. He was born in Batang, in the province of Kham, eastern Tibet.
Wangyal died from lung failure on 30 March 2014 at a hospital in Beijing, China. He was 91 years old.
Cheste
Cheste (Valencian: "Xest") is a city in Spain. It is in the Valencian Community. It is west of Valencia and about east of Madrid. It covers . In 2008, 8,127 people lived there according to the National Institute of Statistics census.
Cheste's main industry is agriculture, specifically the vineyards. Cheste is also known for the MotoGP's Circuit Ricardo Tormo, built in 1999.
Feodor Lynen
Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen ForMemRS (6 April 1911 – 6 August 1979) was a German biochemist.
He is best known for his discoveries with the mechanism and regulation of cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1956 "for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism". He shared the prize with Konrad Bloch.
He died in Munich, Germany on 6 August 1979 six weeks after he had an operation for an aneurysm. He was married to Eva Wieland, and they had five children.
The Artist (movie)
The Artist is a 2011 French romantic comedy-drama movie. It was produced by Thomas Langmann and was directed by Michel Hazanavicius. The Artist was first shown at the Cannes Film Festival on 15 May 2011 and was released on 12 October 2011 France.
The movie gained positive reviews from critics and hold a 98% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.
The movie was nominated for 6 Golden Globes and won 3: Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, Best Original Score, and Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy (Dujardin). The movie was also nominated for 10 Academy Awards and won 5: Best Picture (first French film to ever win Best Picture), Best Director for Hazanavicius, Best Actor for Dujardin (first French actor ever to win for Best Actor), Best Original Score, and Best Costume Design.
House of Lorraine
The House of Lorraine, was a family that originated from the Duchy of Lorraine in modern day France. The family later ruled the small duchy of Lorraine itself and later ruled the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, The Empress Maria Theresa was married to a Duke of Lorraine thus uniting the house of Lorraine with the far more powerful House of Habsburg.
The House of Lorraine, the main and now only remaining line known as Habsburg-Lorraine, is one of the most important and was one of the longest-reigning royal houses in the history of Europe.[1] Currently the house is headed by Karl Habsburg-Lothringen, the titular Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, Bohemia, Galicia and Lodomeria, Croatia, Illyria, as well as the titular King of Jerusalem.
Duchy of Lorraine
The Duchy of Lorraine was a former monarchy independent from France but situated in mainland France. It was also a State of the Holy Roman Empire.
The duchy was later given to a dethroned King of Poland and was dissolved in 1766. Historically the members of the family frequently married into other French nobility such as Princesses of the French royal family. The capital of the duchy was Nancy. However, Leopold I of Lorraine later moved the capital to the town of Lunéville. which was a renowned resort in the 18th century, known as the capital of Lorraine. The grand Château de Lunéville, built in 1702 for Leopold, Duke of Lorraine to replace an older palace, was the residence of the duke of Lorraine until the duchy was annexed by France in 1766. The chateau was designed in the style of Versailles to satisfy Leopold's wife, Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans, the niece of Louis XIV, and became known as the "Versailles of Lorraine". It includes a chapel designed by Germain Boffrand. Leopold and his wife were the parents of Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (through him they were the grandparents of Marie Antoinette).
Apart from the ducal family the "Beauvau" family were very prominent in society holding much influence with the rulers of the duchy due to personal connections. The heads of the family were often titled the Prince of Craon
Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever
Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever is a 2002 American action movie. It was produced by Chris Lee and Elie Samaha. The movie was directed by Wych Kaosayananda. Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever was released on September 20, 2002 in North America.
The movie gained strong negative reviews. It is considered one of the worst movies ever made and holds a 0% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Rotten Tomatoes also ranked the movie #1 among "The Worst of the Worst" movie list in March 2007. The movie was a box office bomb and only regained $19.9 million of its $70 million budget.
Kate O'Mara
Kate O'Mara (10 August 1939 – 30 March 2014) was an English movie, stage and television actress. She was known for her role as Caress Morell in "Dynasty". She also had a minor role in the British television series "Doctor Who".
O'Mara died in Sussex, England from ovarian cancer, aged 74.
Richard Nelson Frye
Richard Nelson Frye (January 10, 1920 – March 27, 2014) was an American professor. He was the Professor Emeritus of Iranian Studies at Harvard University. His professional areas of interest were Iranian philology and the history of Iran and Central Asia before 1000 CE.
Frye died in Boston, Massachusetts from natural causes, aged 94.
Wendy Hughes
Wendy Hughes (29 July 1952 – 8 March 2014) was an Australian actress. She worked mostly in television and theatre. Hughes' career began in the mid-1970s. She also appeared in movies. Some of which includes "Newsfront", "Kostas", "My Brilliant Career", "Lucinda Brayford", and "Touch and Go".
Hughes died in Sydney from cancer, aged 61.
Thompson Square
Thompson Square is a Nashville-based country music duo. The group began in 2002. They became famous in 2010. Hit songs include "Everything I Shouldn't be Thinking About" and "If I Didn't Have You".
The members of the group are Keifer and Shawna Thompson.
Paul C. Donnelly
Paul Charles Donnelly (March 28, 1923 - March 12, 2014) was an American guided missile pioneer and a senior NASA manager. He was the manager during the Apollo moon landing program at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Donnelly helped develop the U.S. Navy's Bat, the first "smart bomb" in the history of warfare. He was born in Altoona, Pennsylvania.
Donnelly died on March 12, 2014 in Melbourne, Florida, aged 90.
My Mad Fat Diary is a British comedy-drama television series. It started on 14 January 2013 on E4. It is based on the book "My Fat, Mad Teenage Diary" by Rae Earl. The second series started on 17 February 2014 and ended on 31 March 2014.
The series is set in Stamford, Lincolnshire in 1996. It stars Sharon Rooney as an obese 16-year-old girl called Rae Earl. She has just left a psychiatric hospital after being there for four months.
André Lavagne
André Lavagne (12 July 1913 – 21 March 2014) was a French composer. He mostly worked on short movies, such as: "L'amour maternel chez les animaux " (1944) and "Un amour de parapluie" (1951). He was born in Paris.
Lavagne died from natural causes on 21 March 2014 in Paris. He was 100 years old.
Per Lillo-Stenberg
Per Lillo-Stenberg (21 June 1928 – 27 March 2014) was a Norwegian actor. His best known roles are in the movies "Olsenbanden gir seg aldri!" (1981) and "Olsenbandens siste stikk" (1999). He was born in Oslo. He and his wife Mette Lange-Nielsen had a son, Lars Lillo-Stenberg, a musician for deLillos.
Lillo-Stenberg died after a short illness on 27 March 2014 in Levanger. He was 85 years old.
Mark Mangino
Parazit
Gibbs free energy
Gibbs free energy is the available energy in a chemical reaction. It was calculated by Josiah Willard Gibbs.
Systems have a tendency to achieve as low of a free energy state as possible. The Gibbs free energy number is how far away the current system is from this state. It is analogous to a number line, with zero being the final state. Scientists use Gibbs free energy to determine the energy in a system that can be used. A negative Gibbs number indicates that you can get energy out of the reaction. It is a favorable reaction, which means that the chemical reaction "wants" to move towards its lower state. A positive Gibbs number shows that you must put energy in to get energy out.
An example can be seen in respiration. The Gibbs value of one mole of glucose -686kcal. This means that we can get 686 kcal of energy from one mole of glucose. This means if we put in energy in respiration, we can theoretically get 686 kcal out of the mole of glucose.
The equation for Gibbs free energy is "G(p,T)" = "U" + "pV" − "TS."
This is often simplified as "G(p,T)" = "H" − "TS."
(For the second equation, "U + pV" is replaced by "H" because "H = U + pV)."
Nathan Phelps
Nathan "Nate" Phelps (born November 22, 1958) is an American-Canadian author, LGBT rights activist, and public speaker on the topics of religion and child abuse. He is the son of Westboro Baptist Church founder Fred Phelps. He left the church at 18 and permanently left in 1980. This was because of his different and mostly opposite beliefs of his father.
Phelps was born in Topeka, Kansas. He lives in Calgary, Alberta.
Otomedius Excellent
Lys Assia
Lys Assia (born Rosa Mina Schärer; 3 March 1924, Rupperswil, Aargau, Switzerland – 24 March 2018 in Zurich, Switzerland) was a Swiss singer. She won the first Eurovision Song Contest in 1956. When Assia was a young girl she was a dancer. In 1940, however, she stood in for a female singer.
Assia died on 24 March 2018 at Zurich's Zollikerberg Hospital.
Molar concentration
Molar concentration, or molarity, or simply concentration, is a term in physical chemistry. It measures the concentration of a solution or mixture.
In chemistry, the molar concentration, formula_1 is defined as the amount of a constituent formula_2 (usually measured in moles – hence the name) divided by the volume of the mixture formula_3:
The volume formula_3 in the definition formula_6 refers to the volume of the solution, "not" the volume of the solvent. One litre of a solution usually contains either slightly more or slightly less than 1 litre of solvent because when a substance dissolves in a solvent it causes volume of liquid to increase or decrease.
The reciprocal quantity represents the dilution (volume) which can appear in Ostwald's law of dilution.
John S. Wold
John Schiller Wold (August 31, 1916 – February 19, 2017) was an American politician. He was a Republican. He served a term in the United States House of Representatives for Wyoming from 1969 to 1971. He was also a business person and geologist.
Wold was born in East Orange, New Jersey. He grew up in Watertown, Connecticut. During World War II, he was a consulting physicist and gunnery officer for the U.S. Navy. He turned 100 in 2016.
Basement (geology)
In geology, the terms basement and crystalline basement are used to define the rocks below a sedimentary platform or cover. "The surface beneath which no sedimentary rock is found".
More generally, it is any rock below sedimentary rocks or sedimentary basins that are metamorphic or igneous in origin. In the same way the sediments and/or sedimentary rocks on top of the basement can be called a "cover" or "sedimentary cover".
Yosef Hamadani Cohen
Yosef Hamadani Cohen (; born 1916 – 29 March 2014) was an Iranian Jewish religious leader. He was the chief rabbi of the Jewish people in Iran from January 1994 until his death. Before this, he was the rabbi of Yusef Abad Synagogue.
Cohen died after a long illness on 29 March 2014 in Tehran over Shabbat. He was 98 years old.
Saman Arbabi
Saman Arbabi is an Iranian-American journalist, caricaturist, television host, fashion designer, and television producer. He was the creator and executive producer of the satirical television show "Parazit". He was born in Tehran, Iran in 1973. He moved to France in 1984, and then he moved to the United States in 1986. He has a Bachelor of Science in Communications from the University of Maryland.
Platypterygius
Platypterygius ('flat flipper)' is an ichthyosaur of the family Ophthalmosauridae. It was the last surviving ichthyosaur.
Fossils are known from Australia, Russia, United States of America, Colombia, Western Europe and possibly New Zealand. There are seven named species. Both adults and juveniles have been unearthed, including newborns and pregnant females. Like other ichthyosaurs, "Platypterygius" gave live birth.
"Platypterygius" reached a length of about 7 m (23 ft). It had a long snout and a powerful finned tail. There are more digits in the front flippers than is usual in ichthyosaurs; they are tightly bound in rows, giving a broad, flat appearance. This unusual characteristic gives the genus its name, meaning 'flat wing.' Furthermore, some of the wrist bones have disappeared entirely. CAT scans on a juvenile specimen strongly suggest that "Platypterygius" was deaf.
"Platypterygius" became extinct during the Upper Cretaceous, about 30 million years before the K/T extinction event. There was an ocean anoxic event at the Cenomanian–Turonian stage boundary. The deeper layers of the seas became anoxic and poisoned by hydrogen sulphide (HS). As life died off in the lower (benthos) levels of the sea, so did the predators at the top of the food chain. The last pliosaurs and ichthyosaurs became extinct.
No firm reasons can be given for the decline of the ichthyosaurs. By the Cretaceous they certainly had more competitors than in the Triassic, and more elusive prey. The adaptive radiation of teleost fish meant their new prey were fast swimming and highly evasive. The teleosts also included fast-swimming predatory fish, which must have been competitors. The anoxic event would have removed much of the plankton at the base of the food chain. That would certainly result in the extinction of many larger predatory forms of life.
Gravity Falls
Gravity Falls is an American animated comedy/sitcom from creator/executive producer/writer/director Alex Hirsch which follows city kids Dipper (voiced by Jason Ritter) and Mabel Pines (voiced by Kristen Schaal), who are sent to spend the summer with their eccentric Great Uncle Stan, aka Grunkle Stan (voiced by Hirsch), who runs a tourist trap called The Mystery Shack in a remote northwestern town where nothing is what it seems.  With creatures in the forest, monsters in the lake and time travel a possibility, things get very interesting for the twins as they quickly realize they need each other, in order to unlock the secrets of the quirky and mysterious town.
Dipper - The 12 (13 at the end of the series) twin brother of Mabel Pines and a curious boy who is in love with Wendy Corduroy. He is the pinetree in the Zodiac wheel.
Mabel - The 12 (13 at the end of the series) twin sister of Dipper Pines and spends most of the time having fun with her best friends Candy Chiu and Grenda.
Stanley Pines (also known as Stanford Pines early in the series) - The CEO of the Mystery Shack (until Weirdmageddon III: Take Back the Falls) and is the great uncle of twins Dipper and Mabel Pines. He is also the twin brother of Stanford Filbrick Pines Ph.D, also known as the Author.
Soos - he is an awkward, lovable man-child (who works as the current owner of the Mystery Shack at the time of Weirdmageddon III : Take Back the Falls) and frequent sidekick of Dipper and Mabel on their various adventures. He is one of the main characters of Gravity Falls. He is the question mark on the Zodiac wheel.
Alex Hirsch
Carter L. Stevenson
Pitikwahanapiwiyin
Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing
The Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing (also known as the Ironworkers Memorial Bridge and Second Narrows Bridge) is the second bridge that crosses over the Burrard Inlet. It goes from Vancouver to north shore of Burrard Inlet (includes District of North Vancouver, the City of North Vancouver, and West Vancouver).
It began construction in 1957. On June 17, 1958, when one of the cranes was stretching from the north side of the bridge to join the two chords of the unfinished arch, several of the spans collapsed. This caused 79 workers to fall 30 metres (100 ft) into the water. 18 of them were killed either instantly or shortly after, possibly drowned by their heavy tool belts. When a diver went down to search for the bodies, he drowned and that brought the total of deaths for the collapse to 19. The bridge opened on August 25, 1960 and was renamed the Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing in 1994 to honour the workers that had died in the collapse.
The Château de Lunéville was the former royal residence of the ruling Dukes of Lorraine. It is often likened to the far grander and larger Palace of Versailles. It is no longer a royal residence and is today a museum. The restoration of the building and its decors is under way. In France it was referred to as the "Versailles of Lorraine" and is also sometimes referred to as the Palace of Lunéville in English.
A building had been on the site since medieval times but nothing had been done to improve or update the building due to the poor finances of the Duchy of Lorraine.
Duke Leopold I of Lorraine was married to Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans herself a niece of Louis XIV of France who at the time of their marriage in 1698 was beginning to expand the Palace of Versailles. The ducal family of Lorraine had previously used the Ducal Palace of Nancy itself in the capital of the duchy. The new Duke and duchess had an ever growing family and Leopold took it upon himself to commission another palace reflecting his rank as a sovereign duke.
Following the death of Leopold of Lorraine in 1729 the duchy was inherited by his son Francis Stephen who eventually married Empress Maria Theresa and he spent most of his time in Austria with his large family.
A after war between France, Poland and Austria apeace was concluded in October 1735 and upheld in the Treaty of Vienna in November 1738. Under its terms, Stanisław Leszczyński, the father-in-law of King Louis XV and the losing claimant to the Polish throne, received Lorraine, while Francis, in compensation for his loss, was made heir to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, which he would inherit in 1737. While the ex king of Poland was in residence the building was known as the "Château Stanislas". Stanisław Leszczyński actually died at the Château in 1766 as did his wife Catherine Opalińska in 1747. After the Polish royals left the Château was largely ignored until it was created a French Historic monument in 1901. It is currently being restored.
Jürg Neuenschwander (organist)
Jürg Neuenschwander (14 January 1947 – 23 March 2014) was a Swiss organist and musician. He was best known for his work with Schweizer Radio DRS from 1982 to 1989. He was born in Eggiwil, canton of Bern.
Neuenschwander died from a cerebral hemorrhage on 23 March 2014 in Bern. He was 67 years old.
Delta-v, or Δ"v"," "(literally, the change in speed)" "in astrodynamics, (how spacecraft move in space) is a measure of the amount of effort (pushing power) needed to change a craft's trajectory (how it's going to move from now on) in space. It is measured by a unit of speed.
Most of the time, a propellant burned by an engine provides the needed thrust.
Delta-v is calculated in meters per second of thrust, or m/s.
For example, to reach Low Earth orbit, (LEO) a spacecraft generally needs about 9,300 to 10,000 m/s of thrust.
Exotoxin
Gerhard Bondzin
Gerhard Bondzin (29 July 1930 – 20 March 2014) was a German painter and printmaker. From 1946 to 1948, he made toys and ceramics in Sonnenberg. From 1948 to 1951, he studied painting with Hans Hoffmann Lederer at the University of Architecture and Fine Arts Weimar.
Bondzin entered the SED in 1953. He served as a member of the SED 1969 to 1984. From 1969 until the dissolution of the Academy of Arts in Berlin in 1993, he was a full member of the academy.
Bondzin died on 20 March 2014, aged 83.
Hobart Alter
Hobart "Hobie" Alter (October 31, 1933 – March 29, 2014) was an American inventor and businessman. He was a pioneer in the surfboard shaping industry. He was the creator of the Hobie Cat catamarans and founder of the Hobie company. He was born in Ontario, California.
Alter died on March 29, 2014 in Palm Desert, California from cancer, aged 80.
Windows 9x
Windows 9x is a general term referring to a series (or family) of Microsoft Windows computer operating systems. These were produced from 1995 to 2000. These were based on the Windows 95 kernel and its underlying foundation of MS-DOS. Both were updated in following versions. This includes all versions of Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows ME. In common usage, the term "Windows 9x" itself often includes Windows ME. However, this is not always the case and it is more often expressed as "Windows 9x/ME". Support for Windows 9x was terminated on July 11, 2006, when extended support for Windows 98 and Windows ME ended. Extended support for Windows 95 ended on December 31, 2001.
Windows 9x can refer to either an individual or all of the following versions of Microsoft Windows:
Manuel Valls
Manuel Carlos Valls (, born 13 August 1962) is a Spanish-born French politician. He became the Prime Minister of France on 31 March 2014.
Valls was born in Barcelona to a Swiss mother and Spanish painter Xavier Valls.
Andrej Kiska
Irene Fernandez