AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Welwyn Garden City was designed by the same person who also founded Letchworth Garden City. The creator (Sir Ebenezer Howard) wanted to make towns that had the good things that towns had but also good things that countryside areas also have. The company that planned and built the city was created on the 29 April 1920. The first person to live in a house in Welwyn was in before Christmas 1920.
Welwyn shares its area of control with Hatfield, under the Welwyn Hatfield Borough. The local hospital is the Queen Elizabeth II Hospital.
Welwyn Garden City had a population of 46,619 in 2011 according to the national census, and 51,735 (estimated) in 2016.
Welwyn has easy access to London and the Midlands area. The M1 motorway and the A1 trunk road are near. The railway station is in the town centre. Trains run south to London King's Cross and Moorgate stations and north to Stevenage, Hitchin, Cambridge and Peterborough. Welwyn is a car-drive away from fast trains to St Pancras station in London.
Call of Duty: Black Ops 4
Call of Duty: Black Ops 4 (shown as "Call of Duty: Black Ops IIII") is a multiplayer first-person shooter game developed by Treyarch and published by Activision. It was released everywhere around the world on October 12, 2018 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. It is the game set after "" (shown as "Call of Duty: Black Ops III"), and it is the 15th installment in the "Call of Duty" game series.
Black Ops 4 is the first "Call of Duty" game and title to not to have a traditional single-player campaign. It will have multiplayer, zombies and a new Battle Royale mode called Blackout.
"Black Ops 4" uses the 'Specialist' system, where the user chooses special characters to play who have their own abilities and special moves.
Big changes compared to old games include the removal of automatic healing, which now requires the player to heal themselves. Treyarch have also made the game smart to increase the realism of guns.
Zombies is very similar to previous Zombies game modes from other "Call of Duty" games. This time, the players can change how the zombies work using custom settings.
There is also set to be another story type system in Zombies.
"Black Ops 4" will have a new Battle Royale game mode. It will have the biggest map ever in a "Call of Duty". Players can play as many different characters, and some from previous "Call of Duty" games.
Up to 80 people can play alone, with 1 other person or as a team of 4 drop into a map by helicopters and must look for weapons, clothing and consumables to kill all the other players and random zombies that walk around the map. Throughout the game the area that players can play in slowly gets smaller to force players to fight each other.
IPhone XR
The iPhone X (pronounced "ten R") is a smartphone sold by Apple Inc. announced on September 12, 2018, at the Steve Jobs Theater in Cupertino, California. It is succeeding the iPhone X that was released in 2017, like the X and X Max. The XR is the most budget-friendly of the iPhones released in 2018 and is available in white, coral, yellow, blue, space gray, and color options, with 64, 128, or 256 GB storage options. The iPhone X has a 6.1″ LCD screen and sells starting at US $749.
The X, along with the X and X Max, are the first iPhones to not ship with a Lightning-to-3.5 mm audio adapter. Lightning-to-3.5 mm audio adapters can only be bought separately.
Like the iPhone X before it, the X contains no home button, with a notch on the front that holds the front camera in place.
Pre-orders for the phones began on October 19, 2018, with the phones available to the public on October 26.
Kaliwungu, Mandiraja
Monopoly (game show)
Liam Hemsworth
Liam Hemsworth (born 13 January 1990) is an Australian actor. He first became known on Australian television for his roles in "Neighbours" and "The Elephant Princess". He is perhaps best known for his role as Gale Hawthorne in "The Hunger Games" movie series (2012–15). He also has starred in movies such as "The Last Song" (2010), "The Expendables 2" (2012), "Paranoia" (2013), "Empire State" (2013) and "" (2016).
Hemsworth's older brothers, Luke and Chris, are also actors.
Hemsworth was born in Melbourne, Victoria. He grew up on Phillip Island, Victoria. He married American singer and actress Miley Cyrus in December 2018. The couple's divorce was finalised in January 2020. He is vegan.
Hardstyle is a kind of electronic dance music (EDM). It mixes Hard trance and hardcore styles of EDM. Hardstyle started in the late 1990s to early 2000s in the Netherlands. It has developed new kinds of hardstyle over the years. "Euphoric hardstyle" contains melodies and often vocals tell stories. Famous hardstyle artists include The Prophet, Headhunterz, Brennan Heart and D-Block & S-te-Fan.
There are many hardstyle festivals around the world. Defqon.1 is held every year in the Netherlands and Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Qlimax is also held in the Netherlands yearly.
Desublimation
Desublimation is a phase transition in which gas turns into solid without passing through the liquid state. It is the reverse of sublimation.
It is how snow forms in clouds, and how frost and hoar frost form on the ground or on windows.
Another example is the soot on walls of chimneys. Soot molecules rise from the fire in a hot and gaseous state. When they come into contact with the walls they cool, and change to the solid state, without forming the liquid state.
The process is sometimes known as deposition (phase transition).
M5 motorway
The M5 is a motorway in England. It links the Midlands and the South West.
It runs from Junction 8 of the M6 at West Bromwich near Birmingham to Exeter in Devon. It is the main gateway to South West England. Congestion is common during the summer holidays, on Friday afternoons, and school and bank holidays on the section south of the M4.
! km
! North-east bound exits (B carriageway)
! South-west bound exits (A carriageway)
Royal Medal
The Royal Medal is a silver-gilt medal, of which three are awarded each year by the Royal Society. It is also known as The King's Medal and The Queen's Medal (depending on the monarch at the time of the award),
The awards are for work done within the Commonwealth of Nations. The award was created by George IV and awarded first in 1826.
At present, three medals are awarded each year. Two are for fundamental research ("the advancement of natural knowledge") in the physical and biological sciences). One is for applied research ("distinguished contributions in the applied sciences").
Darwin Medal
The Darwin Medal is awarded by the Royal Society once every two years. It is for work in the areas of biology in which Charles Darwin worked. This means evolution, population biology, organismal biology and biological diversity. It was first awarded in 1890. It comes with a £2000 prize.
The award is open to candidates from the Commonwealth of Nations or of the Republic of Ireland, with the requirement that they be either a citizen of such a nation or have lived in such a nation for at least three years before the nomination.
Since its creation the medal has been awarded over 60 times. The medal was first awarded to Alfred Russel Wallace, who independently developed the theory of evolution by natural selection.
Source: Royal Society
A Van Allen radiation belt is a zone of charged particles which come from the Sun as the solar wind. They are captured and held by the Earth's magnetic field.
Earth has two such belts and sometimes others.
The belts were discovered by James Van Allen. Earth's two main belts extend from the altitude of about
Most of the particles that form the belts are thought to come from solar wind and other particles by cosmic rays. By trapping the solar wind, the magnetic field deflects those energetic particles and protects the atmosphere from destruction.
The belts are in the inner region of Earth's magnetosphere. The belts trap energetic electrons and protons. The belts endanger satellites, which must have their sensitive components protected with adequate shielding if they spend much time in that zone. In 2013, NASA reported that the Van Allen Probes had discovered a third radiation belt, which was observed for four weeks. It was destroyed by a powerful, interplanetary shock wave from the Sun.
Achernar
Achernar is the name of the primary (or 'A') component of the binary system designated Alpha Eridani (α Eridani).
Of the ten apparent brightest stars in the night-time sky, Alpha Eridani is the hottest and bluest in color, due to Achernar being of spectral type B. Achernar has an unusually rapid rotational velocity, causing it to become oblate in shape.
The secondary is smaller, of spectral type A, and orbits Achernar at a distance of about 12 astronomical units (AU).
Hardoi
Stephanie Rice
Stephanie Louise "Steph" Rice (born 17 June 1988) is a former Australian swimmer. She won three gold medals at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. She also competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. She confirmed her retirement from competitive swimming on 9 April 2014.
Rice was born in Brisbane, Queensland. In 2013, she won the third season of "The Celebrity Apprentice Australia".
Contra Costa County, California
Contra Costa County is a county in the state of California. It is in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,049,025. The county seat is Martinez. It is in the northern part of the San Francisco Bay Area region.
Del Norte County, California
Del Norte County is a county at the far northwest corner of the U.S. state of California, along the Pacific Ocean adjacent to the Oregon border. As of the 2010 census, the population was 28,610. The county seat and only incorporated city is Crescent City.
Del Norte County was founded in March 2, 1857.
Fresno County, California
Fresno County, officially the County of Fresno, is a county located in the northern part of the U.S. state of California. As of January 1, 2018, the population was 1,007,229. The county seat is Fresno, the fifth-largest city in California. It is in the Central Valley, south of Stockton and north of Bakersfield.
Imperial County, California
Imperial County is a county in the state of California. It is in the United States. As of the 2010 census, 174,528 people lived there. The county seat is El Centro.
Madera County, California
Madera County is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, 150,865 people lived there. The county seat is Madera. It is in the eastern San Joaquin Valley and the central Sierra Nevada.
Mariposa County, California
Mariposa County is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, 18,251 people lived there. The county seat is Mariposa.
Merced County, California
Merced County ( ) is a county in the northern San Joaquin Valley section of the Central Valley, in the U.S. state of California.
As of the 2010 census, the population was 255,793. The county seat is Merced. The county is named after the Merced River. It is located north of Fresno County and Fresno, and southeast of Santa Clara County and San Jose.
Guido Ceronetti
Guido Ceronetti (24 August 1927 – 13 September 2018) was an Italian poet, philosopher, novelist, translator, journalist and playwright. He was born in Turin, Italy.
In 1970, he founded the Theater of the Sensitive. His works are archived at the Cantonal Library of Lugano. He wrote columns for "La Repubblica", "La Stampa" and "Radio Radicale".
Emil Cioran dedicated to his book "Il silenzio del corpo" ("The Silence of the Body") a chapter of the essay "Exercices d'admiration" (1986).
Ceronetti died in Cetona, Italy on 13 September 2018 from bronchopneumonia at the age of 91.
Modoc County, California
Modoc County is a county in the far northeast corner of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 9,686, making it the third-least populous county in California. The county seat and only incorporated city is Alturas. Previous county seats include Lake City and Centerville; the latter is now a ghost town. The county borders Nevada and Oregon.
Mono County, California
Mono County (MOH-noh) is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 14,202, making it the fifth-least populous county in California. The county seat is Bridgeport. The county is located east of the Sierra Nevada between Yosemite National Park and Nevada. Mono County was founded in 1861.
Cameron County is the name of three counties in the United States:
Camden County
Camden County is the name of four counties in the United States:
Clark County
Baldwin County
Baldwin County is the name of two counties in the United States:
McIntosh County
McIntosh County is the name of three counties in the United States:
Winnebago County
Winnebago County is the name of three counties in the United States:
Lee County
Lee County is the name of twelve counties in the United States:
Sumter County
Sumter County is the name of four counties in the United States:
Grigory E. Volovik
Grigory Efimovich Volovik (; born 7 September 1946 in Moscow) is a Russian theoretical physicist. He is known for his work on solid-state physics and astroparticle physics. His series work in 1970s-2000s about semi metal and topologically protected spinor/femionic excitations in topological defects and boundary are paid enormous amount attentions in recent decade years because the discoveries about the topological solid state materials and potentially technical application on quantum computation. He also contributes a lot on emergent quantum field theory and gravity theory, one idea is phenomenological Q theory of cosmological constant problem.
Volovik completed his master's degree at the Physico-Technical Institute in Moscow. In 1973 he went to the Landau Institute in Moscow, becoming Senior scientist in 1992. He completed his PhD in 1973 with a thesis called the "Dynamics of a particle strongly interacting with a Bose System. In "1981, his habilitation (Russian doctor degree) was on "the Topology of defects in condensed matter". In 1993, he was made Professor at the laboratory for low temperature physics of the Technical University of Helsinki (today's Aalto University), but still worked at the Landau Institute.
In 1992, he received the Landau prize of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In 2004, he received the Simon Memorial Award in low-temperature physics for his "fundamental research on the role of symmetry in low-temperature physics, and applications in Cosmology, quantum gravity, quantum field theory and particle physics" (Eulogy). from 2003 to 2006 he was the leader of the European science Foundation, "Cosmology in the Laboratory". Volovik is the author of several books and of more than 340 scientific journal publications.
In 2001, he became a member of the Finnish Academy of Sciences and in 2007, the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. In 2014, he was awarded the Lars Onsager prize.
One of his contributions in middle of 1970s together with colleges was independently clarify the relationship between topology (Homotopy) of order parameter manifold and defects. Together with few work about topological property of instanton in high energy physics during that time, those work are enter in textbook nowaday. In 1996, the Chiral anomaly originating from the Fermi/Weyl point in superfluid helium-3 has been observed. After almost twenty years, same phenomena has been observed in solid material experiment.
In 1999, he firstly claimed that the existence of Majorana fermion zero mode located in the core of vertex in spinless superconductors.
American Physical Society
The American Physical Society (APS) is the world's second largest organization of physicists. The Society publishes more than 12 scientific journals, including the "Physical Review" and "Physical Review Letters". It organizes more than 20 science meetings each year. APS is a member society of the American Institute of Physics.
The American Physical Society began on May 20, 1899, when a group of 36 physicists met at Columbia University to set up a society "to advance and diffuse the knowledge of physics". At the start the APS only held scientific meetings. In 1913 it took over the "Physical Review," which had begun in 1893 at Cornell University. The "Physical Review" was followed by "Reviews of Modern Physics" in 1929 and by "Physical Review Letters" in 1958.
The APS is now active in public and governmental affairs, and in the international physics community. It has programs in education, science outreach (specifically Physics Outreach), and media relations. APS has about 50,000 members. In 1999, APS Physics celebrated 100 years with the biggest-ever physics meeting in Atlanta. In 2005, APS took the lead role in United States participation in the World Year of Physics. It started several programs to publicize physics during the 100th anniversary of Albert Einstein's annus mirabilis. Einstein@Home, is still an ongoing and popular distributed computing project.
The American Physical Society publishes 13 research journals and a news and commentary website "Physics".
All members of APS receive the monthly publication "Physics Today", published by the American Institute of Physics (AIP).
The American Physical Society gives out a number of awards including the Andrei Sakharov Prize (APS) for outstanding leadership, Aneesur Rahman Prize for Computational Physics, Arthur L. Schawlow Prize in Laser Science, Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics, Lars Onsager Prize in theoretical statistical physics, and more.
2014 Ontario general election
The Ontario general election of 2014 was on June 12, 2014, to elect the MPPs of the 41st Parliament of Ontario in the Ontario Legislative Assembly. The Ontario Liberal Party won a majority government of 56 seats, with Kathleen Wynne to continue as Premier of Ontario. This was the Liberals' fourth consecutive win since 2003. Tim Hudak lead the Progressive Conservatives' only to official opposition status again, due to this Hudak resigned as leader. The New Democrats under Andrea Horwath continued in third party status.
The election had the lowest voter turnout record of 48.2%
Andrea Horwath
Andrea Horwath (born October 24, 1962) is a Canadian politician, MPP and community development coordinator. She currently serves as the Leader of the Ontario New Democratic Party and Leader of the Official Opposition in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. She also is a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, representing the riding of Hamilton Centre, and was won the leadership of the Ontario New Democrats in the 2009 leadership election.
Horwath was first elected in the 2004 by-election of the provincial riding of Hamilton East.
In the 2007 Ontario election, Horwath ran in the new riding of Hamilton Centre and won it.
On November 7, 2008, Horwath officially launched her campaign to become the leader of the Ontario New Democrats. The leadership election was held March 6–8, 2009 and she won all three election ballots.
The 2011 provincial election saw a rise for the NDP under Horwath however still in third place. The party was balanced out, with a Dalton McGunity minority government.
In the 2014 provincial election, the NDP was able to continue its seat count of 21, however the Liberals still won a majority government.
Horwath running a third time, against the Liberal government led by Kathleen Wynne and a Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario led by Doug Ford. Horwath promised to introduce a provincial dental plan and prescription drugs. She also promised a child care plan and return Hydro One to public ownership by buying back privately held shares. She also promised to close the Pickering Nuclear Generating Station immediately, while the other party leaders have pledged to keep it open until 2024.
The party's support in public opinion polls increased in May 2018, leading to greater media attention and greater scrutiny for Horwath and her party. She ultimately led the party to official opposition status in the Legislature, the second highest number of seats in the party's history.
Brihans Natural Products Ltd.
Brihans Natural Products Ltd. is an Indian natural cosmetics and consumer products company based in Shaniwar Peth, Pune, Maharashtra, India. The company manufactures skin care, hair care and health care products.
Founded in 2000, by Mandar Agashe, it has been headed since 2005 by his sister Sheetal Agashe. In 2017, "Business Insider" reported that the company was a major manufacturer of Aloe vera products in India.
Sheetal Agashe
Sheetal Agashe is an Indian businesswoman. She began her career as an actress; her most notable role being that of an eponymous character in the sitcom from 1999 to 2003. In 2005, she joined Brihans Natural Products Ltd. as the company's managing director.
Agashe was born in Pune, India, the daughter of Dnyaneshwar Agashe, and granddaughter of Chandrashekhar Agashe.
In April 2018, Agashe won Times of India's Pune Visionary award for her contribution to the Ayurvedic skincare industry as managing director of the company. In July, she won Pune's Most Powerful 2018-19 award by Femina, also for her position at the company.
Mandar Agashe
Mandar Agashe (born 24 May 1969) is an Indian musician, music producer, and businessman. He is the founder and vice chairman of Sarvatra Technologies. He is best known for the controversial case surrounding the alleged scam by the Suvarna Sahakari Bank in 2008.
Agashe was born in Mumbai to Dnyaneshwar Agashe and Rekha Gogte. Him and his siblings, Ashutosh Agashe and Sheetal Agashe, are the grandchildren of industrialist Chandrashekhar Agashe. He also has two children from a former marriage, including Adi Agashé.
In 1998, he released his first album, "Nazar Nazar". The album was recorded in Hindi and English, several songs from the albums were featured on MTV India. In 2003, Agashe made music for international listeners and released a single in Germany called "I Need Someone". In 2016, he released a album with Asha Bhosle called "82", reflecting Asha's age at the time of recording.
Dnyaneshwar Agashe
Dnyaneshwar Agashe (17 April 1942 – 2 January 2009) was an Indian businessman, cricketer, cricket administrator and philanthropist.
He was vice-president of Board of Control for Cricket in India from 1995 to 1999. He became a member of the Maharashtra Cricket Association in 1969 and became the association's executive chairman in 1989. He was chairman and managing director of the Brihan Maharashtra Sugar Syndicate Ltd., chairman of Kolhapur Steel and founder of Suvarna Sahakari Bank and Mandar Printing Press.
Agashe and his family came into public scandal in 2008, in the Suvarna Sahakari Bank scam. While in judicial custody during the scandal, Agashe died of complications from diabetes.
A wicketkeeper-batsman, Agashe played for between 1962 and 1968 and scored two half-centuries in 13 matches. His best season came in 1964–65 where he made his career-best 75, took ten catches and made two stumpings.
Brihan Maharashtra Sugar Syndicate Ltd.
The Brihan Maharashtra Sugar Syndicate Ltd. is an Indian sugar company headquartered in Pune, India.
The company was founded in 1934 by Chandrashekhar Agashe, who served as its managing director till his death in 1956. is elder son, Panditrao Agashe served as managing director of the syndicate from 1956 till his own death in 1983. After which, Agashe's younger son, Dnyaneshwar Agashe, served as managing director of the company till 1996; serving as chairman of the syndicate till his death in 2009. Agashe's grandson, Ashutosh Agashe has been managing director at the company since 17 December 1996.
Chandrashekhar Agashe
Chandrashekhar Agashe (; : Candraśekhara Āgāśe; 14 February 1888 — 9 June 1956) was an Indian and lawyer, best remembered as the founder of the Brihan Maharashtra Sugar Syndicate Ltd. He served as the managing director of the company from its inception in 1934 till his death in 1956. He served as the President of the from 1932 to 1934.
Today, the Chandrashekhar Agashe College of Physical Education in Pune, the "CGA - BMTRC" in the , and the Chandrashekhar Agashe High School in Shreepur are named after him. He is also the namesake of the Chandrashekhar Agashe Museum wing in the and the Chandrashekhar Agashe Road in . He also became the namesake of the "Agashe pattern", a means of , among businesses and press in Maharashtra between 1934 and 1956.
Panditrao Agashe
Jagdish "Panditrao" Agashe (1936 – 1983) was an Indian businessman. He was the elder brother of the late business magnate Dnyaneshwar Agashe, eldest son of industrialist Chandrashekhar Agashe. He served as the managing director of the Brihan Maharashtra Sugar Syndicate Ltd. after his father. Today, the , a private, co-educational day school located at in Pune, India, is named after him.
Ashutosh Agashe
Suvarna Sahakari Bank
Suvarna Sahakari Bank was a private Indian co-operative bank started by Dnyaneshwar Agashe in 1969.
It was started to cater to the banking needs, primarily of Pune's middle class Marathi population. After the controversial 2004 BCCI election scandal, the bank is most notable as the central business involved in Agashe's alleged scam case between 2006 and 2008, follow by plans for a merger with , it was finally dissolved and merged with in 2009.
The bank's failure amidst a political scandal is widely cited today in the .
Ingemar Mundebo
Kurt Allan "Ingemar" Mundebo, (15 October 1930 – 7 September 2018) was a Swedish politician. He was a member of the Liberal People's Party and former budget and economy minister. He was born in Långasjö, Sweden.
Mundebo was Member of Parliament of Sweden for Stockholm between 1965 to 1980. He was also the governor of Uppsala County between 1980 and 1986.
Mundebo died on 7 September 2018 in Lidingö, Sweden at the age of 87.
Szarlota Pawel
Eugenia Szarlota Pawel-Kroll (1947 – 7 September 2018) was a Polish comic book artist. She was known as the creator of the popular series about "Kleks". She was born in Warsaw.
Pawel died of colorectal cancer on 7 September 2018 in Warsaw at the age of 71.
Peter Donat
Peter Donat (born Pierre Collingwood Donat; January 20, 1928 – September 10, 2018) was a Canadian-American actor. He was born in Kentville, Nova Scotia. From 1965 to 1972, he was married to Michael Learned. Donat was known for his roles in "", "The X-Files", and in "The China Syndrome".
Donat died at his home in Point Reyes Station, California, on September 10, 2018, due to complications of diabetes, aged 90.
Hossein Erfani
Hossein Erfani Parsaei (1942 – 12 September 2018) was an Iranian voice actor. He was born in Tehran. Erfani was known for Persian voice-dubbing in foreign movies.
Erfani voiced dubbed Humphrey Bogart roles in "Maltese Falcon" and "Casablanca" and Clark Gable role as Rhett Butler From Gone with the Wind. He has also dubbed over some of Orson Welles, Marlon Brando, Charlton Heston, Gene Hackman, Toshiro Mifune, William Holden, Morgan Freeman and Arnold Schwarzenegger.
Erfani died in Tehran of lung cancer on 12 September 2018 at the age of 76.
Henry Kalis
Henry Joseph Kalis (March 2, 1937 – September 12, 2018) was an American politician. He was born in Easton, Minnesota. He was a member of the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1975 to 2003. He was a member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party.
Kalis died on September 12, 2018, in Albert Lea, Minnesota from emphysema, aged 81.
Easton, Minnesota
Easton is a city in Faribault County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 199 at the 2010 census.
Point Reyes Station, California
Point Reyes Station (formerly, Marin and Olema Station) is a small unincorporated town located in western Marin County, California. It is also the name of a census-designated place (CDP) in northern California covering the unincorporated town and surrounding countryside, with a total CDP population of 848.
Hans Kloss (12 July 1938 – 12 September 2018) was a German artist and graphic designer. He was best known for his large paintings combining medieval and modern styles. He was born in Ohlau, Silesia.
For his work, Kloss has received the "Premio Internazionale Federichino" of Iesi, Italy in 2004; the of the state of Baden-Württemberg in 2005; and the "Irenen-Preis" of the "Freundeskreis Königin Irene Maria von Byzanz e.V." of Göppingen in 2003.
Kloss died on 12 September 2018 in Berlin from stomach cancer at the age of 80.
The Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market is a proposed directive (a type of special EU law) that is aimed at protecting EU's existing copyright laws, with particular focus aiming at company intellectual property. It was first introduced to the European Parliament Committee on Legal Affairs on 20 June 2018. On 12 September 2018, the European Parliament approved a revised version of this directive. This directive will be expected to take place in January 2019. If this directive passes, each country of the EU will be required to create laws that support this new directive.
The European Council described their key goals as ways to reduce the amount of conflict related to copyright violation. One of their goals is to reduce the "value gap" between the profits made by internet platforms and content creators, which involves requiring financial agreement before they can use their content. Another one of their goals is to encourage "collaboration" between companies and people who use their products. The other goal they proposed is creating copyright exceptions for text and data mining (the use of high quality words to describe specific copyrighted content).
The directive aims to give online press publishers more freedom to protect their content from news aggregators (Article 11), as well as requiring websites who primarily host content posted by users to warn users very harshly against posting unauthorized copyrighted content (Article 13).
Articles 11 and 13 have attracted widespread criticism from many people and companies in Europe and North America. Article 11 has been criticised as a "link tax" which would require websites to obtain a license before linking to and previewing (using html snippets) news stories, and Article 13 as a "meme ban", because current content-filtering technology cannot distinguish copyright violation from fair dealing such as parody, and may counteract the panorama freedom. Supporters of the directive, mostly from large companies that support copyright, ignore these claims and think that it is disinformation. People from large companies that support this new directive try to claim that the opposers are trying to make the information seem worse than it actually is.
The first draft of the proposed directive was created on 14 September 2016, After many changes to the original draft, the Council of the European Union's Committee of Permanent Representatives (The EU's political leaders, abbreviated to COREPER) approved of the new changes on 25 May 2018. Afterwards, they prepared to vote for what would be the final draft of this new directive, but without the support of Germany, Finland, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Belgium, or Hungary. The European Parliament Committee on Legal Affairs had finished off making the final draft of the directive on 20 June 2018. They then discussed in parliament whether the directive will be approved to be added as a new law or not.
On 5 July 2018, this was not approved. Instead, the EU parliament decided to change the date of discussing about the directive on September 2018. There were 318 votes that approved re-opening the debate on a later date, 278 votes that approve the directive immediately, and 31 votes that oppose the directive.
On 12 September 2018, the parliament approved the directive. The final votes for the updated directive is 438 in favour and 226 against. The European Commission, the Council of the European Union, and the European Parliament will now discuss any other details relating to the directive before they release it to the EU. It is expected they will reach a solution in early 2019. If all of these three groups agree, then the directive will be sent to all of the EU. When this happens, each country of the EU will change their existing laws to include information related to this directive.
Romania noticed that the EU was proposing to do meetings about Article 11 and Article 13 on 19 January 2019. Romania cancelled these meetings because Romania's proposal for the directive used wrong wording to describe how the directive will be run. There were 11 countries currently in the EU that did not like Romania's wording to describe Article 11 and 13: Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Finland, Slovenia, Italy, Poland, Sweden, Croatia, Luxembourg, and Portugal. With the exclusion of Portugal and Croatia, the other nine countries that opposed Romania believed that Romania's wording did not cover enough information regarding protecting the EU's citizens' copyright protections. Romania will have an opportunity to improve their wording for Article 11 and 13 to gain a majority vote, but this has caused the final vote for the directive from May 2019.
Article 3 proposes a copyright exception for text and data mining (the use of high-quality words to describe a copyrighted subject, commonly abbreviated as TDM for short) for the purposes of scientific research.
Depending on whether this article (a specific rule of a directive) understands what is considered in the public domain, TDM will potentially increase or decrease copyright restrictions compared to if this article is not approved.
Article 4 proposes that all educational establishments (schools, universities, etc.) are able to use copyrighted content for illustrative purposes only. Once this article has been approved, this article will clarify that educational establishments can make non-commercial use of copyrighted works for illustrative purposes.
Article 11 is a section of this proposed directive that will restrict access to linking to other websites. Companies who try to link to other news without permission will be punished.
Article 12a proposes that sport event organizers have full copyright over recordings of their events.
Article 13 is a section of this proposed directive that will aim to censor any unauthorized copyrighted content. They will make it compulsory for all companies that post primarily user-generated content to do this.
It is very controversial. People think that it will make it very difficult to share new content on the internet. People also think it will make it confusing for filters to distinguish fair use and copyright violation. People who love memes, tend to call it the "meme ban". They also make memes about the EU in retaliation.
Lots of people think Article 11 and Article 13 are bad. They think they are going to make the internet very restricted. They also think free internet content will become very difficult to find or create.
On November 2018, Google also threatened to shut down YouTube for the EU if the directive passes unless adjustments are made to the directive.
Brian Banks (American football)
Brian Banks (born July 24, 1985) is a former American football player. He is best known for having a woman say that he raped her but she had was not really raped. He was in prison for 5 years. He had consensual sex with the person who lied about being raped, Wanetta Gibson, and she later told Brian on Facebook that she lied about being raped because she didn't want her mother to know they had sex.
He attended Long Beach Polytechnic High School and played football there, but he was expelled after Gibson lied about being raped.
He signed with the Las Vegas Locomotives of the United Football League on September 20, 2012. He made one tackle, and played 2 games, before the UFL suspended their season.
On April 3, 2013, he signed with the Atlanta Falcons, and he was in their offseason workouts, OTA's and their training camp. His first game was a preseason game against the Cincinnati Bengals where he made 2 tackles. was released on August 30, 2013.
Alec Jeffreys
Sir Alec John Jeffreys (born 9 January 1950) is a British geneticist. He developed techniques for genetic fingerprinting and DNA profiling which are now used worldwide in forensic science. The information helps police detective work and solves paternity and immigration disputes.
Jeffreys is a professor of genetics at the University of Leicester. He became an honorary freeman of the City of Leicester on 26 November 1992. In 1994, he was knighted for services to genetics.
Typhoon Mangkhut
Typhoon Mangkhut was a very strong tropical cyclone in the western Pacific Ocean in September 2018. The storm struck the northern Philippines on September 25, 2018, just before 1:40 am Philippine Standard Time. When it hit, it was a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon.
The storm killed many people in the Philippines.
Mangkhut then headed toward Hong Kong and southern China.
A tornado was reported in Marikina, part of eastern Metro Manila on the night of September 14, 2018. Two people were hurt.
Over 105,000 families left from their homes before the storm hit.
Celebrity Big Brother (UK)
Celebrity Big Brother was a reality television series in the United Kingdom which began in 2001. It was a Celebrity version of the "Big Brother" franchise. Contestants must complete challenges while living in a house full of cameras. In some series the house is in London; in some series it is in Hertfordshire. From 2001-2010, it was shown on Channel 4 and was presented by Davina McCall; from 2011-2018, it was shown on Channel 5 and was presented by Emma Willis.
Xenopus
Xenopus commonly known as the clawed frog) is a genus of aquatic frogs native to sub-Saharan Africa.
Twenty species are known. The two best-known species of this genus are "Xenopus laevis" and "Xenopus tropicalis", which are studied as model organisms for developmental biology, cell biology, toxicology, neuroscience and for modelling human disease and birth defects.
The genus is also known for its polyploidy, with some species having up to 12 sets of chromosomes. The frogs are all excellent swimmers and have powerful, fully webbed toes, though the fingers lack webbing. Three of the toes on each foot have conspicuous black claws.
Money in the Bank ladder match
The Money in the Bank ladder match is a multi-person ladder match held by the professional wrestling promotion WWE. First contested at WWE's annual WrestleMania event beginning in 2005, a separate Money in the Bank pay-per-view was established in 2010.
In WWE storyline, the concept for the Money in the Bank match was introduced in March 2005 by Chris Jericho. Jericho then pitched the idea to Raw general manager Eric Bischoff, who liked it and promptly began to book the match for WrestleMania 21. Edge won the inaugural match and held the contract until New Year's Revolution in January 2006. There, he cashed in his Money in the Bank contract against WWE Champion John Cena, who had just successfully defended the title in an Elimination Chamber match. Edge defeated Cena to become WWE Champion and quickly establishing the precedent of "cashing in" on a vulnerable champion.
The 2017 Money in the Bank pay-per-view took place on June 18, 2017 at the Scottrade Center in St. Louis, Missouri as a SmackDown brand exclusive event.
African Science Academy
East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana
East Baton Rouge Parish is the most populous parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 440,171. The parish seat is Baton Rouge, Louisiana's state capital.
Napa County, California
Napa County is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 136,484. The county seat is the City of Napa. It is in the San Francisco Bay Area region.
Napa County is known for its regional wine industry.
Solano County, California
Solano County is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 413,344. The county seat is Fairfield. It is the northeastern county in the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area region.
A portion of the South Campus at the University of California, Davis is in Solano County.
Solano County was created in 1850.
Nevada County, California
Nevada County is a county in the Sierra Nevada of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 98,764. The county seat is Nevada City. It was created in 1851.
Plumas County, California
Plumas County is a county in the Sierra Nevada of California. As of the 2010 census, 20,007 people lived there. The county seat is Quincy, and the only incorporated city is Portola.
San Benito County, California
San Benito County is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, 55,269 people lived there. The county seat is Hollister. It was founded in 1874.
Lafayette Parish, Louisiana
Lafayette Parish () is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 221,578. The parish seat is Lafayette. The parish was founded in 1823. It was named in honor of the Marquis de Lafayette.
Mandeville, Louisiana
Mandeville is a small city in the state of Louisiana in the United States.
Wayne M. Meyers
Wayne Marvin Meyers (August 28, 1924 – September 12, 2018) was an American physician, microbiologist, chemist, humanitarian, and medical missionary. He was born in Huntingdon, Pennsylvania. He discovered new infectious agents, and trained countless researchers and scientists. Meyers was well known for his work with Hansen’s disease (Leprosy), Buruli ulcer, and filarial diseases.
Meyers died on September 12 2018 in Glen Burnie, Maryland at the age of 94.
Huntingdon, Pennsylvania
Huntingdon is a borough in (and the county seat of) Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located along the Juniata River. With a population of 7,093 at the 2010 census.
Glen Burnie, Maryland
Glen Burnie is a census-designated place (CDP) in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, United States. It is a suburb of Baltimore. The population of Glen Burnie was 67,639 at the 2010 census.
Walter Mischel
Walter Mischel (; February 22, 1930 – September 12, 2018) was an Austrian-born American psychologist. He was born in Vienna. He worked in personality theory and social psychology. He was the Robert Johnston Niven Professor of Humane Letters in the Department of Psychology at Columbia University. He was ranked as the 25th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.
Mischel died on September 12, 2018 in New York City from pancreatic cancer at the age of 88.
Mark W. Olson
Mark Walter Olson (March 17, 1943 – September 12, 2018) was an American economist and politician. He was a member of the Board of Governors of the U.S. Federal Reserve from 2001 to 2006. He resigned on June 21, 2006 in order to run the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.
Olson was born in Fergus Falls, Minnesota. He died on September 12, 2018 in Washington, D.C. at the age of 75.
Max Bennett
Max Bennett (May 24, 1928 – September 14, 2018) was an American jazz bassist and session musician. He was born in Des Moines, Iowa. He played for L.A. Express and The Wrecking Crew. He performed on many records by The Monkees and The Partridge Family. In 1969, Bennett served as the principal bassist for Frank Zappa's "Hot Rats" project.
Bennett died in San Clemente, California on September 14, 2018 from Alzheimer's disease at the age of 90.
San Clemente, California
San Clemente is a city in Orange County, California, United States. The population was 63,522 at the 2010 census.
Kevin Beattie
Thomas Kevin Beattie (18 December 1953 – 16 September 2018) was an English footballer. He played as a central defender. At a club level, he played most famously for Ipswich Town 307 times. He won the FA Cup in 1978 and UEFA Cup in 1981 with Ipswich. He has been called Ipswich Town's best ever player. He played nine times for the England national team, scoring one goal. Other clubs he played for include Colchester United and Middlesbrough.
Beattie was born in Carlisle. He died of a heart attack on 16 September 2018 in Ipswich, Suffolk, aged 64.
Anneke Grönloh
Louise Johanna "Anneke" Grönloh (7 June 1942 – 14 September 2018) was a Dutch singer. She had a successful career starting in 1959. It lasted throughout the 1960s. She became famous with the song "Brandend Zand", one of the best-selling Dutch songs of all time. She was born in Tondano, North Celebes, Netherlands East Indies (now Indonesia).
Grönloh died on 14 September 2018 from leukemia in Amsterdam at the age of 76.
Zienia Merton
Zienia Merton (11 December 1945 – 14 September 2018) was a Burmese-British actress. She was raised in Singapore, Borneo, Portugal, and England. She was probably best known for playing Sandra Benes in "".
Merton also starred in "Grange Hill", "Return of the Saint" (1979), "Bergerac" (1983), "Tenko" (1984), "Dempsey & Makepeace" (1985), "Lovejoy" (1986), "Crime Traveller" (1997), "Doctors" (2001), "Dinotopia" (2002), "Casualty" (1986 – 2002), "EastEnders" (1998 – 2003), "The Bill" (1999 – 2005), "Judge John Deed" (2006), "Coronation Street" (2008) and "Wire in the Blood" (2008).
Morton died on 14 September 2018 at the age of 72.
Kirin Kiki
Kiki died of breast cancer in Tokyo on 15 September 2018 at the age of 75.
List of current members of the United States Senate
The United States Senate has 100 members. There are two senators from each of the 50 states. Below is a list of the current U.S. Senators, sitting in the 117th United States Congress.
Dudley Sutton
Dudley Sutton (6 April 1933 – 15 September 2018) was an English actor. He was born in Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, England. He was known for his roles in "Rotten to the Core" (1965), "Crossplot" (1969), "The Devils" (1971), "Madame Sin" (1972), "The Pink Panther Strikes Again" (1976), "Fellini's Casanova" (1976), "Edward II" (1991), and "The Football Factory" (2004).
Sutton died of cancer on 15 September 2018 in London at the age of 85.
José Manuel de la Sota
José Manuel de la Sota (28 November 1949 – 15 September 2018) was an Argentine politician. He was born in Córdoba, Argentina. Sota was a member of the Argentine Senate from 1995 to 1999 and was Governor of Córdoba from 1999 to 2007 and again from 2011 to 2015. Sota was a member of the Justicialist Party.
Sota was killed in a car crash in Córdoba on 15 September 2018 at the age of 68.
Zhu Xu (, April 15, 1930 – September 15, 2018) was a Chinese actor. He was well known for his roles in Zhang Yang's "Shower" and Wu Tianming's "The King of Masks". He was born in Shenyang.
Zhu died on September 15, 2018 from mesothelioma in Beijing at the age of 88.
James B. Thayer
His son, Tommy Thayer, is a member of Kiss.
After the war he worked at a business supply company in Beaverton, Oregon. He was later appointed Oregon's civilian aide to the Secretary of the Army and then re-activated as commander of the Oregon State Defense Force.
Thayer died on September 16, 2018 in Lake Oswego, Oregon at the age of 96.
Khabib Nurmagomedov
Khabib Abdulmanapovich Nurmagomedov (; ; born 20 September 1988) is a Russian mixed martial artist. He started his career in 2008. He is signed to the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). He is the UFC Lightweight Champion at the moment. He holds the longest streak in MMA history without losing, with 29 wins. He defended his title, beating Conor McGregor by submission at UFC 229 in October 2018. He is the first Russian and the first Muslim to win a UFC title. He is also a two-time Combat Sambo World Champion. He formerly fought as a welterweight.
Nurmagomedov was born in the village of Sildi, Tsumadinsky District in Dagestan. He is an Avar. He married in June 2013. He has a daughter and a son. He lives in Makhachkala, Dagestan. He is a Sunni Muslim.
Makhachkala
Makhachkala (; Lak: Гьанжи; Avar: МахӀачхъала; Lezgian: Магьачкъала; Rutul: МахаӀчкала) is the capital city of the Republic of Dagestan, southwestern Russia. As of the 2010 census, the city had 572,076 people living there.
Joseph Lister
Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister, (5 April 182710 February 1912) was a British surgeon and a pioneer of antiseptic surgery.
He promoted the idea of sterile surgery while working at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary. Lister successfully introduced carbolic acid (phenol) to sterilise surgical instruments and to clean wounds.
Applying Louis Pasteur's advances in microbiology, Lister championed the use of carbolic acid as an antiseptic, so that it became the first widely used antiseptic in surgery.
He knew it was used to ease the stench from fields irrigated with sewage waste. He thought it was safe because fields treated with carbolic acid had no ill-effects on the livestock that grazed on them.
Lister's work led to a reduction in post-operative infections (infections after an operation). This made surgery safer for patients. So he became known as the "father of modern surgery".
William Thomson