AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The zebra danio ("Danio rerio") or zebrafish is a freshwater fish native to India.
The zebra danio is a peaceful fish and can be kept in a community tank. They can be kept in a temperature of 19–27°C. They grow to about 5 cm.
Zebra danios happily eat flake foods and bloodworm.
Chicken and waffles
Chicken and waffles is a dish that has both chicken and waffles. It is popular in the United States, where it is served in many restaurants. There are two types of chicken and waffles dishes: the soul food version and the Pennsylvania Dutch version.
The best-known version is the soul food version, which uses fried chicken. It uses a waffle that would be served during breakfast. It comes with condiments such as butter and syrup. It is very popular in Baltimore, Maryland.
The Pennsylvania Dutch version has a plain waffle with pulled, stewed chicken on top. It is served with gravy. It is often found in the Northeastern United States.
Sheryl Kara Sandberg (born August 28, 1969) is an American businesswoman. She is the chief operating officer of Facebook.
Sandberg was born in 1969, in Washington, D.C., in a Jewish family. In 1987 started a Bachelor's degree in economics at Harvard College. She graduated in 1991 with the highest honor, "summa cum laude". In 1993 she started at Harvard Business School. In 1995 she earned her M.B.A. with highest distinction. After this Sandberg worked as a management consultant for McKinsey & Company for a year.
From 1996 to 2001 she was Chief of Staff to the then United States Secretary of the Treasury Larry Summers.
In 2001 Sandberg became the vice president of Global Online Sales & Operations for Google Inc.. In 2007 Sandberg met Mark Zuckerberg, the maker of Facebook, at a Christmas party.
Zuckerberg thought that Sandberg would be good at being Facebook's COO. In March 2008 Facebook hired Sandberg.
December 2010, she gave a TED speech titled "Why we have too few women leaders." In 2012 she became the eighth member (and the first female member) of Facebook's board of directors. Sheryl Sandberg's first book "Lean In" was published on March 11, 2013.
Sandberg married to Dave Goldberg, the CEO of SurveyMonkey, from 2003 until his death in 2015. She is a feminist.
Egocentrism
Egocentrism is a state of mind of putting oneself in the center of interest, of being interested more about oneself than about other people. While this is normal in young children, it becomes more and more of a problem, in older children, adolescents and adults. To egocentric people, self-relevant information is seen as more important in shaping one’s judgments than are thoughts about others and other-relevant information. The term egocentrism was mostly coined by Piaget, a psychologist. Egocentrism is different from both egoism and narcissism. Young children are egocentric: they see themselves as the "center" of the world. Developing self-conscience requires the perception that there are others, that there is socialistion with other people, and that there are differences between oneself and other people. Egocentric people are often unable to fully understand or to cope with other people's opinions. The fact that reality can be different from what they are ready to accept is difficult for them.
Eric Young
Jeremy Fritz (born December 15, 1979) is a Canadian professional wrestler. He currently works for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling under the ring name, Eric Young (2004-2016). He is a one-time TNA World Heavyweight Champion.
In TNA, Fritz is known for portraying many different comic relief gimmicks. During his time in TNA, he has won the X Division Championship once, Legends/Global/Television Championship twice, and the World Tag Team Championship five times. He also became the only man to co-hold the TNA Knockouts Tag Team Championship when he won the title with ODB.
Outside of wrestling, Fritz hosts "Off the Hook: Extreme Catches" on Animal Planet.
Illmatic
Illmatic is the first studio album of American rapper Nas. It was released on April 19, 1994 by Columbia Records. Nas recorded the album during 1992 and 1993 in New York City. The producers were Nas, Large Professor, Pete Rock, Q-Tip, L.E.S., and DJ Premier.
Nas raps about his life in Queensbridge, New York. Nas's lyricism features multi-syllabic internal rhyme patterns.
"Illmatic" received very good reviews from most music critics upon its release. It earnt praise for its lyrical content, production, and Nas's lyricism. Over time, music critics have recognized it as one of the greatest hip hop albums.
"Illmatic" did not sell very well at the beginning. On January 17, 1996, the album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. In 2001, it earned platinum certification after shipments of one million copies in the United States.
Armillaria solidipes
Reflektor is the fourth album by Arcade Fire. It was released on October 28, 2013. The album has two discs. The first disc has seven songs. The second disc has six songs. It got good reviews from music critics. Pitchfork gave it a score of 9.2 out of 10. The first single from the album, "Reflektor", was released on September 9, 2013. The album was number one in several countries including the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom.
Iona () is a small island in the Inner Hebrides off the western coast of Scotland. When Columba arrived with twelve monks in 563 he founded a great monastery. From that time Iona was known as a holy place. It was the center of Scottish Christianity for many centuries. Today it is a popular tourist attraction and a place for retreats. Its modern Gaelic name means "Iona of (Saint) Columba" (formerly anglicised "Icolmkill").
The main settlement, located at St. Ronan's Bay on the eastern side of the island, is called "Baile Mòr". It is known locally as "The Village". The primary school, post office, the island's two hotels, the Bishop's House and the ruins of the Iona nunnery are here. The abbey and MacLeod Centre are a short walk to the north. There are a number of offshore Islands nearby. Eilean Annraidh (island of storm) and Eilean Chalbha (calf island) are larger islands to the north. Rèidh Eilean and Stac MhicMhurchaidh Islands lay to the west of Iona. Eilean Mùsimul (mouse holm island) and Soa Island are to the south.
At the start, Iona was a part of the Gaelic kingdom of Dál Riata. The island was the site of a highly important monastery during the Early Middle Ages. According to tradition the monastery was founded in 563 by the monk Columba, also known as Colm Cille, who had been exiled from his native Ireland. Columba and twelve companions went into exile on Iona and founded a monastery there. The monastery was very successful, and played a large part in the conversion of the Picts to Christianity. It also had an influence on the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria. Many other monasteries were founded in Scotland and Iona became the center of a great monastic system. The scriptorium produced many very important documents.
The monastery itself became the center of Celtic Christianity. Iona was a major supporter of the "Celtic" system for calculating the date of Easter. The missionaries and bishops who came to Britain from Rome used a Roman calculation for the date of Easter. This issue was settled when they adopted the Roman system at the Synod of Whitby in 664. Pictland adopted the Roman system in the early 8th century. Iona changed systems in 716, according to the Anglo-Saxon historian Bede. Iona's prominence was reduced over the next centuries as a result of Viking raids and the rise of other powerful monasteries in the system, such as the Abbey of Kells. The Book of Kells was created on Iona about the year 800. At about the same time the island's high crosses were erected. They had a ring around the top part that became the symbol called a "Celtic cross". The series of Viking raids on Iona began in 794 and, after its treasures had been plundered many times, Columba's relics were removed and divided two ways between Scotland and Ireland in 849 as the monastery was abandoned.
As the Viking control of the west coast of Scotland advanced, Iona became part of the Kingdom of the Isles. Amlaíb Cuarán, King of Northumbria and Dublin, died in 981 while on Iona. Still, the island was sacked twice by his successors. On Christmas night 986 and again in 987. The ruling dynasty of Alba traced its origin to Iona, and the island thus became an important religious icon of the new kingdom. Many of its early kings are buried there. The kings of the Isles were at times vassals of the King of Norway, High King of Ireland, or the King of Scotland. By the 11th century they were nominally attached to the Kingdom of Norway, but in reality they were independent.
A convent for Benedictine nuns was established in about 1208, with Bethóc, daughter of Somerled, as first prioress. The present Benedictine abbey, Iona Abbey, was built in about 1203. The monastery itself flourished until the Reformation when buildings were demolished and all but three of the 360 carved crosses destroyed.
According to tradition, the first "King of Scots" was Kenneth MacAlpin (Cináed mac Ailpín). He founded the beginnings of what we know as Scotland in 843. The Reilig Cemetery on Iona was from that time until the 11th century the place where Scottish kings were buried. In total there are about forty-eight Scottish kings buried at Iona. In addition, eight kings of Norway and four kings of Ireland are buried on Iona.
Following the 1266 Treaty of Perth the Isles (Hebrides) were restored to Scottish rule. An Augustine nunnery survives as a number of 13th century ruins, including a church and cloister. The nunnery continued to be active until the Reformation. By the 1760s little more of the nunnery remained standing than at present, though it is the most complete remnant of a medieval nunnery in Scotland.
In the 19th century green-streaked marble was commercially mined in the south-east of Iona; the quarry and machinery survive.
Division of New England
The Division of New England is an Australian electoral division in New South Wales. It is in the north-east of the state, next to the border with Queensland. It was set up for the first federal election in 1901. It is named after the New England region of northern New South Wales.
The includes the towns of Armidale, Ashford, Barraba, Bingara, Bundarra, Glen Innes, Gunnedah, Guyra, Inverell, Manilla, Quirindi, Tamworth, Uralla, Werris Creek, Walcha and Tenterfield.
Barnaby Joyce is a former Senator for the state of Queensland. In 2016 he became leader of the National Party and Deputy Prime Minister.
Charlemagne Prize
Luke Baldwin (born 15 September 1990) is an English rugby union player. He was born in Royal Tunbridge Wells. He plays for Bristol Rugby in the RFU Championship.
Luke Baldwin was educated at The Judd School in Tonbridge. While he was there he also played rugby for them. In 2003, he represented Judd at Kent County Athletics Under-13 Championships at Canterbury High School. There he finished third place in the 75-metre hurdles and fourth in the 100-metres.
Baldwin started playing rugby for Tunbridge Wells RFC. In 2006 he signed with Saracens Academy. He trained there while he also played for Tunbridge Wells until 2009. After he left Tunbridge Wells, he was loaned to Blackheath F.C.. He made his debut for Saracens in 2010. He went on to make 5 first team appearances for Saracens.
In 2010, he was loaned to RFU Championship side, Bedford Blues. In 2012, he returned to Bedford Blues on a dual registration with Saracens. While at Bedford, he received praise for his playing performance. He also represented Saracens in the Premiership Rugby Sevens Series while also playing for Bedford Blues in the RFU Championship. In 2013, he left Saracens and Bedford Blues and signed for Bristol Rugby, playing his final game for Bedford against London Welsh.
Westerlund 2
Westerlund 2 is a massive young super star cluster. It is about one or two million years old, and partly obscured with gas. It contains some of the hottest, brightest, and most massive stars known. The cluster is 20,000 light years away in the Milky Way galaxy.
The cluster contains a dozen of O-type main sequence stars, of which at least three are eclipsing binaries. There are many very young pre-main sequence stars and two Wolf–Rayet stars.
The core of the cluster contains several examples of rare very hot stars. Just outside the cluster a massive eclipsing binary WR20a is found at 30 arcseconds (about 1.1 pc in projection), the bright yellow spot just on the lower right side of the cluster center.
As its name indicates, the Westerlund 2 cluster was discovered by Bengt Westerlund in the sixties, but its stellar content was assessed only in later years.
Shinichi Chiba
, also known as , is a Japanese actor, singer, movie producer and director, and martial artist. He is from Fukuoka, Kyūshū. He is possibly the most famous Japanese movie actor of all time.
Eve (rapper)
Eve Jihan Jeffers (born November 10, 1978), better known as Eve, is an American rapper, songwriter, and actress. She was the first winner of the Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration in 2002 for the song "Let Me Blow Ya Mind", with Gwen Stefani. In 2002 her album "Scorpion" was also nominated for Best Rap Album.
Eve released her first album "Let There Be Eve...Ruff Ryders' First Lady" in 1999. It went straight to number one in the American album chart. It was the third album by a female rap artist to reach number one in the United States.
In 2001 Eve's second album "Scorpion" was released. It entered the American album chart at number four. Eve won Best Female Hip-Hop Artist at the Black Entertainment Awards.
In 2002 Eve's third album, "Eve-Olution", was released. Two singles were released from the album. The first single "Gangsta Lovin" is a song sung with Alicia Keys. It reached number two in the American singles chart.
Eve was on the remix of Michael Jackson's 2002 single "Butterflies".
In 2003 Eve started acting in a sitcom called "Eve". The show was stopped in 2006. There were 66 episodes.
Eve rapped on Gwen Stefani's 2004 single "Rich Girl". It reached number seven in the "Billboard" 100. She rapped on "Never", Keyshia Cole's first single, in 2005.
In 2007 Eve released the single "Tambourine". She also rapped on Kelly Rowland's single "Like This". It reached number four in the UK Singles Chart. That year Eve started to make her fourth album.
Eve was in the 2009 documentary "Good Hair".
She presented the MTV Africa Music Awards 2010. She rapped on Guy Sebestian's single "Who's That Girl". It reached number one in Australia and New Zealand.
In 2013 Eve's fourth album, "Lip Lock", was released. The album included appearances from Missy Elliott and Snoop Dogg. On August 23, 2013 Eve started The Lip Lock Tour.
Frederick McCubbin
Frederick McCubbin (25 February 1855 – 20 December 1917) was an Australian painter. He was a part of the Heidelberg School, which was an important period in the history of Australia's visual arts.
McCubbin was born in Melbourne. McCubbin was taught at William Willmett's West Melbourne Common School and St Paul's School, Swanston Street. He worked several jobs while studying art at the National Gallery of Victoria's School of Design. There he met Tom Roberts and studied under Eugene von Guerard. He also studied at the Victorian Academy of the Arts. He showed some of his early paintings there in 1876, and again from 1879 to 1882. He sold his first painting there in 1880.
By the early 1880s, McCubbin's work had become famous. His paintings won several prizes from the National Gallery. By the mid-1880s his painting became focused on the Australian bush. This is the work for which he is remembered.
In 1888, McCubbin became instructor and master of the School of Design at the National Gallery. He taught several students who themselves became notable Australian artists.
He married Annie Moriarty in March 1889. They had seven children. McCubbin lived most of his life in Melbourne, and rarely travelled. He and his family moved to Mount Macedon in 1901. McCubbin continued to paint through the first two decades of the 20th century. By the beginning of World War I, his health began to fail. He died in 1917 from a heart attack.
Joan Miró
Joan Miró (20 April 1893 25 December 1983) was a Spanish painter, sculptor and ceramicist. He was born in Barcelona. He died of heart disease in Palma, Majorca. A museum dedicated to his work, the Fundación Joan Miró, was opened in Barcelona in 1975.
Joan Miró started painting when he was fourteen he attended an art school. He then started to develop his own style to draw scenes of trees and landscapes. In around the 1930s Joan started to make rapid changes to his style of painting. Influenced by Pablo Picasso, Miro developed more surrealist works.
Miró was a significant influence on late 20th-century art, in particular the American abstract expressionist artists.
Flora Robson
Dame Flora McKenzie Robson (28 March 1902 – 7 July 1984) was an English stage and movie actress. She was known for her performances in plays demanding dramatic and emotional intensity. Her roles varied from queens to villainesses.
Erskine Caldwell (17 December 1903 – 11 April 1987) was an American writer. He wrote about poverty, racism and social problems in the Southern United States. He did this in novels such as "Tobacco Road" and "God's Little Acre". This work was praised by critics. It also made him controversial among fellow Southerners because they felt he was making them look bad.
Neopilina
Neopilina is a mollusc, the only surviving genus of monoplacophora.
Some molecular results show that they fall within the polyplacophora clade, although these have been called into question. Fossil and morphological data show that they are rather derived and bear very little resemblance to an 'ancestral mollusc'.
The monoplacophora were well-known as a fossil group from the Cambrian to the Devonian. They were thought to be long extinct. One species was dredged up from the Pacific Ocean off Mexico in 1952. It was found to be a Monoplacophoran, and given the genus of "Neopilina". This was one of the most remarkable modern discoveries of a 'living fossil', and a Lazarus taxon.
The Showgrounds
Aethelthryth
Aethelthryth or Etheldreda (about 636 AD– June 23, 679 AD) was an Anglo-Saxon saint. She was also an East Anglian princess and Abbess of Ely.
Aethelthryth was born in East Anglia (now Suffolk). She was one of the four daughters of Anna of East Anglia. All of these women became nuns and founded abbeys.
She was a beautiful young girl who wanted to devote herself to the Church and took a vow to remain a virgin. When the "" Tondberht of the South Gyrwas. asked for her hand in marriage her parents said yes, but Aethelthryth refused. Though she was married she resolved to keep her solomn vow. Upon his death in 655, she retired to the Isle of Ely, which she had received from her husband as a gift.
Aethelthryth was then married to Ecgfrith of Northumbria in 660. Ecgfrith was a younger son of King Oswiu of Northumbria and his wife Enfleda. Shortly after Ecgfrith became king, Aethelthryth asked her husband if she could become a nun. She was encouraged by Bishop Wilfrid to remain . This caused friction between Ecgfrith and Bishop Wilfrid. One story tells that Ecgfrith first agreed that she should continue to remain a virgin but in about 672 he wished to have an heir. He tried to bribe Wilfrid to convince the queen to give him an heir. This failed and the king tried to take his queen from her convent. She fled back to Ely with two nuns and managed to evade capture. The legend says that she escaped due to the miraculous rising of the tide. Another version of the legend stated that she stopped on the journey at 'Stow' and hid under an ash tree which suddenly came from her staff after she planted it in the ground. This came to be known as 'St Aethelthryth 's Stow', when a church was built to commemorate this event. Stow Minster contains a stained glass window that portrays the legend. Ecgfrith later married Eormenburg and expelled Wilfrid from his kingdom in 678. According to the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle", Aethelthryth founded a double monastery at Ely in 673, which was later destroyed in the Danish invasion of 870. She lived at St. Ely for the remainder of her life in pious devotion. She died of the plague. There is a hymn that was written in her honor.
Aethelthryth's niece and her great-niece, both of whom were royal princesses, succeeded her as abbess of Ely.
Bede and The "Liber Eliensis" describe how in 695, Aethelthryth's body was dug up by her sister Seaxburth, to be transferred from a common grave to the new church at Ely. She had been dead sixteen years. When her body was exhumed it was said to have been just as it was when she was alive. She was reburied in a white, marble coffin. Aethelthryth's uncorrupted body and clothes were said to have miraculous powers. A burial chamber made of white marble was taken from the Roman ruins at Grantchester, which was found to be the right fit for Aethelthryth. Seaxburh supervised the preparation of her sister's body, which was washed and wrapped in new robes before being reburied. Seaxburgh apparently oversaw the transference of her sister's remains without the supervision of her bishop, using her knowledge gained from her family's links.
St Etheldreda's Church is dedicated to the saint. It was originally part of the palace of the Bishops of Ely. In later years the palace was used by the Spanish Ambassadors, enabling Roman Catholic worship to continue in the church. It is now a Roman Catholic parish church in Ely, Cambridgeshire. It is part of the Diocese of East Anglia within the Province of Westminster. The church contains the shrine and relics of Aethelthryth.
NGC 1569
NGC 1569 is a dwarf irregular galaxy in Camelopardalis. This faint galaxy is well studied by professional astronomers, who are interested in the history of star formation in the galaxy. The galaxy is relatively nearby, so the Hubble Space Telescope can easily pick out its stars. In 2008 scientists studying images from Hubble calculated the galaxy's distance at nearly 11 million light-years away, making it a member of the IC 342 group of galaxies.
The most notable feature of NGC 1569 is its powerful starburst. It has formed stars at a rate 100 times greater than that of our galaxy during the last 100 million years. It contains two prominent super star clusters with different histories.
Super star cluster A, in the northwest of the galaxy is formed of two close clusters ("NGC 1569 A1" and "NGC 1569 A2"). It contains young stars
(including WolfRayet stars) which formed less than 5 million years ago (in "NGC 1569 A1") as
well as older red stars (in "NGC 1569 A2").
Super star cluster B, near the center of the galaxy, has older red giants and red supergiants.
Both of these star clusters have masses similar to the globular clusters in the Milky Way. Many smaller star clusters are relatively young (between 2 million years and 1 billion years. They are similar to small globular clusters or R136 in the Large Magellanic Cloud.
This shows, with the results from other dwarf galaxies such as the Large Magellanic Cloud and NGC 1705, that star formation in dwarf galaxies does not occur continuously but instead occurs in a series of short bursts.
The many supernovae produced in the galaxy as well as the strong stellar winds of its stars have produced filaments and bubbles of ionized hydrogen with respective sizes of up to 3,700 and 380 light years. These shine as the light of the young stars contained within them hits the gas.
NGC 1569's starburst may have been triggered by interactions with other galaxies of the IC 342 group, probably a nearby cloud of hydrogen.
Kenneth J. Alford
Frederick Joseph Ricketts (21 February 1881 – 15 May 1945) was a British composer of marches for band. He wrote music under the pen name Kenneth J. Alford. He was a Bandmaster in the British Army, and Royal Marines Director of Music. Conductor Sir Vivian Dunn called him "The British March King." Ricketts frequently used the saxophone in his music. This led to the instrument being used in all military bands.
Ricketts was born on 21 February 1881. He was the 4th child of Robert and Louisa (née Alford) Ricketts, who lived in London. Ricketts' father died when he was seven and his mother died when he was fourteen. His early musical training had been on playing the piano and organ and working as a church chorister. As a boy living in London’s East End he would often hear street musicians and bands. He decided that joining an army band would be best for his future.
Ricketts joined the Royal Irish Regiment in 1895. He was enlisted as a Band Boy. He was a good cornet player and was put into the regimental band. The band went with the regiment to Limerick in Ireland, and then to India. In his free time, Ricketts learned all the other band instruments. When he was 15 years old, he wrote his first piece, which was called "For Service Overseas". It has never been published. In 1903, he was recommended for entry into the Student Bandmaster Course at the Royal Military School of Music, in Twickenham, Middlesex. Musicians who were as young as Ricketts were not nominated very often, but Ricketts was very skilled.
Ricketts began a two-year course at Kneller Hall in the summer of 1904. This course was very difficult. He graduated in 1906.
In 1908, Ricketts became Bandmaster to the Band of the 2nd Battalion of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. He went to the Orange River Colony (formerly the Orange Free State) to lead them. This colony is now the Republic of South Africa. The colonel asked him to write a new march for the Argylls, so Ricketts wrote "The Thin Red Line". It was not published until 1925.
Ricketts wanted to compose music. However, it was not accepted for officers of Ricketts's rank to be engaged in commercial activities in the civilian world. Because of this, Ricketts decided to compose and publish under the pen name Kenneth J. Alford. The first march written under the new pen name was "Holyrood".
A few weeks before the start of World War I, Ricketts composed his most famous march, called "Colonel Bogey". No one knows exactly how Ricketts began composing it. Ricketts's widow claims that it came from a game of golf. She says that during the game, Ricketts and another member of the Argylls started whistling the notes that would become the march's melody.
Shortly after World War I started, Ricketts and the Band Boys of the Argylls were sent to the 3rd Battalion (Reserve) in Edinburgh. They stayed there through the whole war. During the war Ricketts wrote several marches dedicated to the British military: "The Great Little Army" (1916), "On The Quarter Deck," "The Middy," "The Voice of the Guns" (1917), and "The Vanished Army (They Never Die)" (1919).
In 1921, Ricketts applied to become a bandmaster for the Band of the Plymouth Division, which was part of the Royal Marines. He was interviewed and was offered the position. However, the old bandmaster, P.S.G. O'Donnell, was trying to apply for a position with an Army band, but members of the Royal Marines were not allowed to become members of the British Army. Because of this, Ricketts could not take the position, since O'Donnell remained with the Band of the Plymouth Division.
In 1927, Ricketts applied again to become a bandmaster with the Royal Marines. This time, he was approved. He became a lieutenant in the Royal Marines Band Service on 4 July 1927. He was posted to the Band of the Marines' Depot at Deal in Kent. In 1930, Ricketts was posted to the Band of the Plymouth Division.
On 5 September 1907, Frederick Joseph Ricketts was married to Miss Annie Louisa Holmes. This was while he was on staff at the Royal Military School of Music, Kneller Hall. Annie (Nan) Holmes came from a musical family. Her brother was a partner in the London music publishing house of Walsh, Holmes and Company. Nan often gave Ricketts ideas and helped him make decisions about compositions. They had six children, Kenneth (March 1909), Leo (April 1911), Sheila (May 1913), Paula (October 1916), Gordon (October 1918),and José (October 1922).
Ricketts retired from the Royal Marines on 1 June 1944 because of ill health. He died at his home in Reigate, Surrey, on 15 May 1945, after an operation for cancer. He had given almost 50 years of service to the Crown.
Yordy Reyna
Yordy Reyna (born 17 September 1993) is a football player from Peru. He plays as a striker for Red Bull Salzburg, in the Austrian Bundesliga.
Reyna started his career for Alianza Lima, where he played in the youth teams. In March 2011 he was promoted to the first team after scoring seven goals in the reserve team and in the 2011 Under-20 Copa Libertadores. In that season he won also the award for "breakthrough player" of the 2012 season.
In 2013, Yordy Reyna signed with the Austrian club Red Bull Salzburg for a fee of 2 million euros. Yordy Reyna played his first game for Red Bull Slazburg in a friendly match where he had a great performance and scored the game-winning goal.
Reyna played for the Peru Under-20 national team seven times in 2012 and 2013. On 22 March 2013, Reyna played his first senior match. It was to qualify for World Championships, and Peru won against Chile by scoring 1-0.
Halton Arp
Halton Christian "Chip" Arp (March 21, 1927 – December 28, 2013) was an American astronomer. He was known for his "Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies", published in 1966. Arp was also known as a critic of the Big Bang theory and for helping a non-standard cosmology to create an intrinsic redshift.
Arp was born on March 21, 1927 in New York City. He studied at the California Institute of Technology. Arp was married three times. He had four daughters.
Arp died on December 28, 2013 in Munich. He died from a stroke, and he was aged 86.
Wojciech Kilar
Wojciech Kilar (17 July 1932 – 29 December 2013) was a Polish classical and movie composer. He was known for his composing in "Bram Stoker's Dracula" and "The Pianist". He received many awards throughout his fifty years of composing.
Kilar was born on 17 July 1932 in Lwów, Poland (present-day Lviv, Ukraine). He studied at State Higher School of Music and at State Higher School of Music.
Kilar married Barbara Pomianowska in April 1966. They had no children. Their marriage lasted for almost over forty years. Pomianowska died in November 2007.
Kilar composed many movie compositions. He composed the trailer music for "Schindler's List". He also composed the music for "Promised Land" and for "Dracula". He composed his musical works during a festival for Pope John Paul II.
In 1991 Polish filmmaker Krzysztof Zanussi made a movie about his life titled "Wojciech Kilar".
Kilar, who was suffering from brain cancer during his final years, from which he died on 29 December 2013 in Katowice, Poland at the age of 81.
Mary Wibberley
Mary Wibberley ( – 29 December 2013) was an English romantic fiction writer. She wrote over 48 romance novels. Her first novel, "Black Niall", was published in 1973.
Wibberley died after a short illness on 29 December 2013. She was aged 79.
Eero Mäntyranta
Eero Antero Mäntyranta (20 November 1937 – 30 December 2013) was a Finnish skier. He has won several medals and the Winter Olympic Games.
Mäntyranta was born in Pello, Finland.
He competed in four Winter Olympics from 1960 to 1972. He won seven medals at the first three of them. This makes him one of the most successful skiers in Finland. His success at the 1964 Winter Olympics earned him the nickname "Mister Seefeld". The Finnish Ministry of Education honored him with the Pro Urheilu letter of recognition in 2000. There is a museum called Mäntyranta in Pello.
Mäntyranta died on 30 December 2013 from a heart attack. He died in Pello, aged 74.
Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni
Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni is an Indian-American author and poet. She writes for both adults and children. In 1991 her first collection of poems, "Black Candle", was published. In 1995 she won the American Book Award for "Arranged Marriage: Stories". Her 1997 novel "Mistress of Spices" was made into a movie.
Junot Díaz
Junot Díaz (born December 31, 1968) is a Dominican-American writer. His first novel "The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao" was published in September 2007. In 2008 it won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. It also won the John Sargent Sr. First Novel Prize. His next novel has not been published yet. It is called "Monstro".
Díaz was born in Villa Juana, a neighborhood in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. In December 1974 he moved to New Jersey.
He lives with Marjorie Liu.
Díaz's first collection of short stories, "Drown", was published in 1996. His first novel, "The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao" was published in 2007. It is about a Dominican boy called Oscar Wao, who is growing up in New Jersey. It took him 11 years to write. The book uses both English and Spanish. In 2012 Díaz released a collection of short stories called "This Is How You Lose Her". He was given the $500,000 MacArthur "Genius grant" award. In 2013 he won the £30,000 Sunday Times EFG Private Bank short story prize. Díaz joins other Hispanic-American writers such as Gloria Anzaldúa, Sandra Cisneros, and Giannina Braschi who use Spanglish phrases in their stories. Spanglish is a mix of English words and Spanish words.
Saul Stacey Williams (born February 29, 1972) is an American singer, poet, and actor. He played the main character in the 1998 movie "Slam".
Williams was born in Newburgh, New York. For high school he went to Newburgh Free Academy.
He became an open mic poet in 1995. In 1998 he played Ray Joshua, the main character in the movie "Slam". He also helped write the script. In 2001 he released his first album "Amethyst Rock Star". His second album "Saul Williams" was released in 2004. His third album "The Inevitable Rise and Liberation of NiggyTardust!" was released on November 1, 2007. It was produced by Trent Reznor.
Williams is vegan. He lives in Paris. He identifies as queer.
Fernando Luján
Fernando Luján (born Fernando Ciangherotti Díaz; August 23, 1939 – January 11, 2019) was a Colombian-born Mexican movie and television actor. He was known for his many roles on telenovelas. His career began in 1952 and appeared in over 50 movies and hundreds of television shows. He starred as Leonardo's father in "Overboard" (2018).
Luján was born on August 23, 1939 in Bogotá. He died from respiratory failure on January 11, 2019 in Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca at the age of 79.
Andrew Jacobs, Jr.
Andrew "Andy" Jacobs, Jr. (February 24, 1932 – December 28, 2013) was an American lawyer and politician. Jacobs was in the United States House of Representatives for 30 years.
His father, Andrew Jacobs, was also a congressman for one term. He once was married to Martha Keys of Kansas, whom he was in the House with for a time. In 1988, Jacobs married Kimberly Hood Jacobs, an Emmy Award-winning television reporter.
Jacobs died on December 28, 2013 at his home in Indianapolis, Indiana. He died from natural causes, aged 81.
Columbia Railroad Bridge
The Columbia Railroad Bridge, which is also called the Columbia Bridge, is a bridge in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is run by the CSX Transportation train company, who uses the bridge to transport goods in the Trenton Subdivision area. The bridge goes over the Schuylkill River. It is in a park called Fairmont Park.
The bridge has been built three times. First, it was built in 1834. It was a covered bridge. The bridge was made from pine tree wood. The government of the state of Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad company built it. The bridge was bought by the Reading Railroad in 1851.
The next bridge was built in 1886 by the Reading Railroad. It was made of iron and was very strong, so trains carrying very heavy things could go over it.
Today's bridge was built in 1920.
Joseph Ruskin
Joseph Ruskin (born Joseph Schlafman; April 14, 1924 – December 28, 2013) was an American character actor. He appeared in over 100 movies during his 50-year career. He appeared in "Get Smart", "Star Trek", "Alias", and in "The Twilight Zone".
Ruskin died on December 28, 2013 at a hospital in Santa Monica, California. He died from natural causes, aged 89.
Michael McDonald (singer)
Michael McDonald (born February 12, 1952) is an American singer and songwriter. He is known for a soulful baritone singing style. He began his career singing back-up vocals with Steely Dan. He became a member of The Doobie Brothers from 1976 to 1982. This period which resulted in several successful songs for the band. He has won five Grammy Awards.
McDonald was born in St. Louis, Missouri.
The Wyatt Family
The Wyatt Family is a professional wrestling stable that currently competes in the WWE. The members of the stable are Bray Wyatt (the leader), Erick Rowan, and Luke Harper.
The stable is portrayed as a backwoods cult with Bray Wyatt as their leader.
He debuted his character in "NXT" and it was drew comparisons to Max Cady of the 1991 movie Cape Fear and Waylon Mercy (a character portrayed by WWF alumni Dan Spivey). He formed The Wyatt Family in November and introduced Luke Harper as his first "son" and Erick Rowan as his second "son". Harper and Rowan competed in the NXT Tag Team Championship tournament to crown the first champions. They defeated Percy Watson and Yoshi Tatsu in the first round and Bo Dallas and Michael McGillicutty in the semi-finals. They lost to Adrian Neville and Oliver Grey in the finals. Wyatt returned from a torn pectoral muscle and had a match on the February 21 episode of "NXT" where he defeated Yoshi Tatsu. Harper and Rowan won a triple threat elimination tag match on the May 2 episode of "NXT" to earn a shot at the championships. Wyatt also had a match against Chris Jericho later in the show but was defeated. Harper and Rowan won the NXT Tag Team Championships after they defeated Neville and Bo Dallas (who was filling in for an injured Grey) on the May 8 episode of "NXT" (taped on May 2). Harper and Rowan held the titles for 49 days and were defeated by Adrian Neville and Corey Graves on the June 20 episode of "NXT" (aired on July 17).
The Wyatt Family debuted and attacked Kane after his match with Christian on the July 8 episode of "Raw". The Wyatt Family would then send cryptic messages to Kane asking him to "follow the buzzards". Kane challenged Wyatt to a Ring of Fire match at SummerSlam and Wyatt accepted his challenge. They made their pay-per-view debut at SummerSlam where they defeated Kane in the Ring of Fire match, following interference from Harper and Rowan. On October 6, 2013 at Battleground, Wyatt defeated Kofi Kingston in a match. Their winning streak came to an end when they were defeated by Cody Rhodes and Goldust on the October 11 episode of "SmackDown". They then feuded with Daniel Bryan and CM Punk and faced them at Survivor Series but were defeated. The Wyatt Family faced Daniel Bryan in a 3-on-1 handicap match at where they defeated him. They defeated Daniel Bryan, Cody Rhodes, and Goldust in a 6-man tag team match on the December 23rd episode of "Raw" and were defeated by the team of Daniel Bryan, CM Punk, and John Cena at Tribute to the Troops.
Daniel Bryan faced all three members of The Wyatt Family in a Gauntlet match on the December 30th episode of "Raw". Bryan defeated Harper and Rowan by pinfall and Wyatt by disqualification.<ref name="Raw 12/30/13"></ref> After the match, The Wyatt Family beat down Bryan until Bryan finally joined them.
Two weeks later, on the January 13, 2014 "Raw", Bryan turned against the Family, attacking the other three members in the ring. A few days before that "Raw" show, thousands of fans at a Michigan State University basketball game repeated Bryan's "Yes!" chant. This received large Internet exposure and major coverage on ESPN. One writer for Yahoo! Sports thought that WWE had Bryan turn against the Family because of the Michigan State incident.
Dolores Huerta
Dolores Clara Fernandez Huerta (born April 10, 1930) is a labor leader and civil rights activist. Huerta, along with César Chávez, founded the National Farmworkers Association. This later became the United Farm Workers (UFW).
Huerta has received many awards for her community service and her support for workers', immigrants', and women's rights. These include the Eugene V. Debs Foundation Outstanding American Award, the United States Presidential Eleanor Roosevelt Award for Human Rights, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Huerta is a role model to many in the Latin community. She is the subject of many corridos (ballads) and paintings.
Ronald Reagan Day
Ronald Reagan Day is a state holiday in California, Illinois and Wisconsin. It is celebrated on February 6 each year. The holiday is to remember the life of Ronald Reagan. All state government offices, community colleges, schools, and libraries are closed.
For the 100th anniversary of Reagan's birthday in 2011, governors in 21 states declared February 6 to be Ronald Reagan Day.
Mandela Day
Nelson Mandela International Day (or Mandela Day) is an international holiday in honor of Nelson Mandela who has contributed for social justice, toleration against racist discrimination, world peace and conflict resolution. It is celebrated each year on 18 July (Mandela's birthday). The day was officially declared by the United Nations General Assembly in November 2009.
The first UN Mandela Day was held on 18 July 2010. However, other groups had celebrated Mandela Day the previous year, on 18 July 2009. This was Mandela's 91st birthday. A series of concerts art exhibitions, fundraising and educational events were held. They led up to a concert at Radio City Music Hall.
Nelson Mandela International Airport
Praia International Airport is an airport on Santiago Island in Cape Verde. It was opened in late 2005, replacing the old Francisco Mendes International Airport.
It is about 3 kilometres northeast of central Praia in the southeastern part of Santiago Island. At the beginning of 2012, the airport was renamed after Nelson Mandela.
The first flight to the new airport was on October 23, 2005. Even though the airport serves the capital and largest city, Praia, Cape Verde's main international airport is Amílcar Cabral International Airport. This is on the smaller island of Sal.
Bolometric magnitude
Bolometric magnitude is the total magnitude of all electromagnetic radiation of a star or other object. It is an extension of luminosity to include all kinds of radiation.
Deaths in 2014
The following is a list of notable deaths in 2014. For notable deaths for different months, please see "Months".
John Fortune
John Fortune (30 June 1939 – 31 December 2013) was a British satirist, comedian, writer and actor. He was best known for his work with John Bird and Rory Bremner on the television series "Bremner, Bird and Fortune". He studied at Bristol Cathedral School and King's College, Cambridge, where he met John Bird.
Fortune died from leukemia, at the age of 74.
OMG Girlz
John M. "Johnny" Orr (June 10, 1927 – December 31, 2013) was an American basketball player and coach. He was best known for as the head coach of men's basketball at the University of Michigan and at Iowa State University. He remains the coach with most wins in Iowa State history, with 218 wins and 200 losses.
Orr died from congestive heart failure at the age of 86.
Kelly Carlson
Kelly Carlson (born February 17, 1976) is an American actress and model. She is best known for playing Kimber Henry in "Nip/Tuck". She played a motorcycle gang member in "3000 Miles to Graceland".
Carlson was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Ballades (Chopin)
Frédéric Chopin's ballades are four one-movement pieces for solo piano. He composed them between 1835 and 1842. The four ballades are said to have been inspired by Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz. The exact inspiration for each individual ballade, however, is unclear and not agreed upon.
Ballades were composed before Chopin, in literature and Italian Renaissance music. But, Chopin invented the "ballade" as an abstract musical form. The ballade is a distinct form and cannot be placed into another form (e.g. sonata). After Chopin, other composers such as Franz Liszt and Johannes Brahms also wrote ballades.
The ballades are thought to be the best of Chopin's compositions and of romantic music. The ballades are difficult for pianists to play, even after they learn the technical difficulty of the notes. There are still the creative expressions to be mastered.
All four ballades are from 8 to 12 minutes in length. They are in triple time (three beats to a bar), or in 6/4 or 6/8 time. Each is an individual work and should not be played as a group in a concert. Even Chopin did not do this. He wanted listeners to find their own interpretation of the music. Each piece has its own poetry, drama and story.
Chopin's four ballades are very popular pieces and are often heard in concerts around the world. There have been many recordings made of the ballades by classical pianists.
China Anne McClain
China Anne McClain (born August 25, 1998) is an American actress, singer, and songwriter. The first movie she acted in was "The Gospel". It was released in 2005. Between 2006 and 2012 she played Jazmine Payne in "Tyler Perry's House of Payne".
McClain first acted in the 2005 movie "The Gospel". Tyler Perry saw the movie and gave her the role of Jazmine Payne in "Tyler Perry's House of Payne".
In 2009 McClain played Alana Collins in "Hurricaine Season". In 2011 McClain won the prize for Best Performance - Comedy at the NAMIC Vision Awards for her role in the show. McClain started acting in the Disney sitcom "A.N.T. Farm" in 2011. She played the main character, Chyna Parks. The show lasted three seasons. McClain sung the show's theme song, "Exceptional". It was released on a soundtrack album called "A.N.T. Farm" in 2011. Two singles were released from the album. It reached number 29 in the American albums chart.
In 2014, McClain played Gabby Harrison in Disney Channel movie "How to Build a Better Boy".
McClain was born in Atlanta to African American parents. Her father is Michael McClain, a music producer. Her mother, Shontell, a songwriter.
Shrimp toast
Marian Anderson (February 27, 1897 - April 8, 1993) was an American contralto singer. She was the first African American to sing at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
Marian Anderson was born on February 27, 1897 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Her parents were African American Christians. All the Anderson family went to the Union Baptist Church in South Philadelphia. She first sang in public when she was six years old. Anderson went to Stanton Grammar School. Her family could not afford to send her to high school. They did not have enough money to pay for music lessons either. Until she was sixteen Anderson taught herself to play the piano and violin. The pastor of Anderson's church and other leaders of the black community raised money for Anderson to go to high school and have music lessons. After high school, Marian applied to an all-white music school, the Philadelphia Music Academy. She was rejected for being black. In 1925, when she was 23 years old, Anderson won a singing competition.
In 1930 Anderson performed in Europe for the first time at Wigmore Hall in London. She liked Europe because people were less racist to her there than in the United States. 1935 Anderson did a concert at the White House. There she met Eleanor Roosevelt, the wife of Franklin Roosevelt. Eleanor Roosevelt and Anderson were friends for the rest of Roosevelt's life.
In 1938 Anderson did a 70-concert tour in the United States. In 1939 the Daughters of the American Revolution would not let Anderson perform in the DAR Constitution Hall to an audience of blacks and whites. The District of Columbia Board of Education also said that Anderson could not perform at a white high school Charles Edward Russell gave a meeting about this the next day. At the meeting the Marian Anderson Citizens Committee was formed. The group planned a protest at the next board of education meeting. President Roosevelt and Walter White got the Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes to arrange an open air concert on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. On Easter Sunday 1939 Anderson performed on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. to a crowd of 75,000 people that contained both blacks and whites. She started the concert by singing "America". She also sung “My Country, ’Tis of Thee”. The concert has been described as having started the civil rights movement for equality between African Americans and white Americans. A documentary film was made of the concert. In 2001 the film was added to the by the Library of Congress.