AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
When people are manic, they usually have much more energy than usual. They often have very strong emotions, and their moods may change very quickly.
The word "mania" comes from the Greek language ("μwordsανία" means "mania"). That word comes from "μαίνομαι" ("mainomai)", which means "to rage" or "to be furious" (very angry).
Mania is a symptom, not an illness by itself. Many different things can cause mania. These things include illegal drugs and brain tumors. However, most of the time, mania happens in people with bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder causes periods of mania that switch off with periods of depression.
Like with other symptoms, mania can be mild (not very bad), severe (very bad), or anywhere in between. Mild mania is usually called "hypomania." Very bad mania can cause psychosis, with hallucinations and delusions.
In some cases, people with mania may need to be hospitalized so they do not hurt themselves or other people. On the other hand, many people with mania and hypomania have special creativity and artistic talents.
The most common symptoms of mania are:
Other symptoms of mania can include:
In the United States, a book called "The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (DSM), published by the American Psychiatric Association, is used to diagnose mental illnesses. According to the latest version of the DSM, the DSM-5, a person is having a "manic episode" if all of these things are true:
In addition, the person must also have three or more of these symptoms:
The ICD-10 is the World Health Organization's system for classifying health problems. It describes a manic episode this way:
Mania is usually a symptom of mental illness, most often bipolar disorder. A diagnosis of type I bipolar disorder (bipolar I disorder) can be made based on a single manic episode. This is the most common cause of mania.
However, if a person is hypomanic, they may have type II bipolar disorder or cyclothymia.
Also, if a person has psychosis that lasts longer than their mania, they may have schizoaffective disorder.
Medical causes
Mania is usually caused by a mental illness. However, some medical illnesses can cause symptoms of mania. Some doctors use the mnemonic E-MANIC to remember the possible medical causes of mania:
Not having enough vitamin B-12 (vitamin B-12 deficiency) can also cause mania and psychosis.
If mania is caused by a medical problem, the best thing to do is to treat that medical problem.
If mania is caused by a mental illness, the best treatment is a combination of medicines and psychotherapy (talking with a therapist or counselor).
Doctors usually treat mania with a combination of mood stabilizers and antipsychotic medicines. While taking these medicines, the patient should see their doctor regularly to be checked for side effects.
When the symptoms of mania have ended, long-term treatment then focuses on preventative treatment. The goal of this kind of treatment is to prevent periods of mania or depression from happening. Very often, this is done using a combination of drugs and psychotherapy. Medication works best for bipolar disorder, and other mental illnesses, when it is combined with other treatments like psychotherapy.
Chicago Symphony Orchestra
The Chicago Symphony Orchestra (CSO) is an American orchestra based in Chicago, Illinois. It is one of the great orchestras of the world. They play in the Orchestra Hall, part of the Symphony Center, in Chicago. In the summer they play at the Ravinia Festival. From 2010 the conductor will be Riccardo Muti.
The Chicago Symphony Orchestra was started in 1891. It was called the "Chicago Orchestra". In 1905 the orchestra was renamed "Theodore Thomas Orchestra" and Frederick Stock became the conductor. He stayed with the orchestra until 1942. The orchestra was renamed "Chicago Symphony Orchestra" in 1913.
Other conductors have included Désiré Defauw, Artur Rodziński, Rafael Kubelík, Fritz Reiner, Jean Martinon, Georg Solti and Daniel Barenboim. When Barenboim left in 2006, the orchestra named Bernard Haitink principal conductor and Pierre Boulez became conductor emeritus. In 2010 Riccardo Muti will become the orchestra’s conductor.
The orchestra has also had many famous guest conductors, including Richard Strauss, John Williams, Arnold Schoenberg, Sergei Prokofiev, Sergei Rachmaninov, Maurice Ravel, Edward Elgar, Aaron Copland, Leonard Slatkin, André Previn, Michael Tilson Thomas, Leonard Bernstein, Leopold Stokowski, Erich Leinsdorf, Eugene Ormandy, George Szell and Charles Münch. Many of these guest conductors have also recorded with the orchestra.
The three principal guest conductors of the orchestra have been Carlo Maria Giulini, Claudio Abbado, and Pierre Boulez.
Every summer the Chicago Symphony Orchestra plays in Ravinia in Highland Park, Illinois The orchestra helped in the first Ravinia Festival in August 1936 and has been to the Festival every summer since.
Mark Anthony Turnage is the composer-in-residence.
During its history the orchestra have made more than 900 recordings. They have received many rewards.
The orchestra was composed by John Williams for Steven Spielberg's 2012 movie "Lincoln".
Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra
The Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra (PSO) is an American orchestra based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The orchestra's home is Heinz Hall, located in Pittsburgh's Cultural District.
The orchestra was started in 1895. Several of the musicians had come from the Boston Symphony Orchestra. The earliest conductors were Archer, Victor Herbert and Emil Paur. Famous guest conductors included Edward Elgar and Richard Strauss. In 1910 the orchestra had to stop playing because they had no money.
In 1926 the orchestra was started again. The musicians were not paid, and they gave money to make it possible for the orchestra to continue. It started to become a good orchestra in 1937 when Otto Klemperer was asked to take the orchestra and reorganize it. Since then the orchestra has developed and become an international orchestra.
Fritz Reiner (1938-48) conducted the orchestra for ten years. It was not easy during the war because the musicians often had to go to fight in the war and others came instead. From 1948-52, several famous conductors led the orchestra, including Leonard Bernstein and Leopold Stokowski.
When William Steinberg took over from 1952-76 he took them on tour to Europe and made many recordings. He was followed by André Previn who helped the orchestra to make a television series "Previn and the Pittsburgh". Lorin Maazel, who came from Pittsburgh, conducted them until 1996, taking them on several international tours. Mariss Jansons followed Maazel from 1997-2004. After he left the orchestra had guest conductors but not a musical director (main conductor) for four years. In 2008 the Austrian conductor Manfred Honeck was made music director. Leonard Slatkin is the main guest conductor.
In 2004, the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra with conductor Gilbert Levine became the first American orchestra to play for the Pope.
Andrea del Verrocchio
Andrea del Verrocchio (c. 1435 – 1488) was an Italian sculptor, goldsmith and painter. He had an important workshop in Florence. Many other Renaissance painters were Verrocchio's apprentices or worked in his workshop. These included Botticelli, Ghirlandaio and Perugino. Verrocchio's most famous apprentice was Leonardo da Vinci.
Verrocchio was born in Florence in 1435. His father was Michele di Francesco Cioni who was not married to Verrocchio's mother. Michele made tiles and bricks. Later he worked as a tax collector. He worked for the Medici family of bankers, then he moved to Venice.
When Verrocchio was born, he was named Andrea di Francesco di Cioni. His name was changed to Andrea del Verrocchio when he was apprenticed to a goldsmith called Verrocchio (who was probably Francesco di Luca Verrocchio, who was very rich and successful). As an apprentice to a goldsmith, Verrocchio learnt how to make jewellery and golden tableware such as plates, dishes, jugs and salt containers. He learnt how to hammer gold into thin sheets called "gold leaf" and use it to decorate picture frames, statues and illuminated manuscripts. He also learnt how to make bronze statues. Verrocchio's bronze statues are his most famous works.
At this time Verrocchio met Donatello. Donatello became one of the most famous sculptors ever. He made many more statues than Verrocchio. However, Donatello and Verrocchio both made a statue of David with the head of Goliath, and both made a huge statue of a famous soldier on horseback (equestrian statue). Art historians often compare the two Davids and the two equestrian statues.
Verrocchio moved from Florence to Venice in 1488, to help with the casting of the bronze statue. But he died that year, and never saw his most famous work finished.
Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that can infect almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans.
In humans, it is one of the most common parasites. Blood test show that up to a third of the world population has been or is infected with "T. gondii". Infection rates differ greatly from country to country.
Although mild, flu-like symptoms occasionally occur during the first few weeks, infection with "T. gondii" generally produces no symptoms in healthy human adults. But in infants, HIV/AIDS patients, and others with weakened immunity, infection can cause serious and occasionally fatal illness (toxoplasmosis).
Infection in humans and other warm-blooded animals can occur
The parasite can only sexually reproduce in the intestines of members of the cat family (felids). Felids are therefore the definitive hosts of "T. gondii", with all other hosts defined as 'intermediate hosts'.
Thai Airways International (การบินไทย) is the national airline of Thailand. "Thai Airways International" began in 1960. In 1988, it was combine with "Thai Airways Company". This created the current Thai Airways. It joined Star Alliance in 1997. Its headquarters are at 89 Vibhavadi Rangsit Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900. As of December 2020, it has 61 aircraft. It goes to 78 cities all over the world, except Africa and America.
The Falklands War was a war between the United Kingdom and Argentina over the Falkland Islands in 1982. The Falkland Islands are 480 kilometres from Argentina in the southern Atlantic Ocean.
Argentina and the United Kingdom have argued over which country the Falklands Islands belongs to since the 1800s. In the 1760s and 1770s, the British set up a town at Port Egmont, which nearly led to a war with Spain who had a town at Port Louis. Then Argentina became a separate country from Spain in 1817 and set up a colony on the islands (which they call "Malvinas") in 1820. An American warship later destroyed this town, and the British took the islands again in 1833.
The British kept the islands until Argentinian Special Forces invaded on 2 April 1982 and took control of the island.
The United Nations Security Council asked Argentina to withdraw, and tried to end the crisis with diplomacy. After seven weeks, Argentina did not withdraw, so the British Armed Forces traveled 8000 miles to attack. After a short battle in the air and at sea, the British landed on 21 May and fought on land until Argentina's army surrendered on 14 June.
The British captured 11,313 soldiers, and killed about 650. Almost half of these Argentinian deaths were when the warship ARA "General Belgrano" was sunk by the British submarine HMS "Conqueror". In total there were 258 British deaths.
The red kangaroo ("Macropus rufus") is the largest kangaroo. The word "macropus" means "big foot" and "rufus" means red. It is the largest mammal in Australia, and the largest marsupial in the world. It lives in the arid open areas of Australia which covers much of the country. It is not found in the south, on the east coast, or in the northern rainforests.
The red kangaroo is a very large kangaroo. The fur is short, red to brown in colour, fading to a pale colour below and on the legs. Females are smaller than males and are a blue-grey colour with a small amount of brown, pale grey below, although arid area females are coloured like males. The kangaroo has long, pointed ears and a squared-off nose. The kangaroo has two front legs with small claws. It has two strong back legs, which are used for jumping, and a strong tail which is often used for balance when standing upright. The tail is also used as a fifth leg when walking slowly.
The males can jump a distance of in one leap.
Males grow up to tall and weigh up to . Females are tall and weigh up to . The tails is about long. There are often reports of larger red kangaroos, with some males reaching about tall.
The red kangaroo is able to keep its body cool (36 °C, 96.8 °F) in a hot climate. Its fur acts to insulate the body and during the heat of the day the kangaroo will rest and stay in the shade. It also control its temperature by panting (breathing hard), sweating and licking its front legs.
The red kangaroo's range of vision is about 300° because of the position of its eyes. (A human's range of vision is about 180°).
The red kangaroo is nocturnal and crepuscular, and spends the day sleeping or resting in the shade. It is active in the cool of the evening and at dawn. It lives alone or in small groups called 'mobs'. Membership of these groups often changes, and males are not territorial. The largest males control most of the matings and chase off other males.
The Red Kangaroo eats grasses and other vegetation. It can go without water, as they are able to get enough moisture out of plants.
The red kangaroo breeds all year round. The gestation period is around 33 days. The females are also able to delay birth of their baby until their previous joey has left the pouch. The young joey leaves the pouch at around 235 days old, but will continue to suckle until it reaches 1 year of age.
When male kangaroos fight, they look like they are "boxing". They usually stand up on their back legs and attempt to push the other off balance by jabbing him or locking front legs. Using their tail to support their weight, they can also kick with their powerful back legs.
The red kangaroo is hunted in large numbers in Australia. In the year 2000, 1,173,242 animals were killed. In 2009 the government put a limit of 1,611,204 for the number of red kangaroos available for commercial use. The kangaroo industry is worth about AU$270 million each year, and employs over 4000 people.
The kangaroos provide meat for both humans and pet food. Kangaroo meat is very lean with only about 2% fat. Their skins are used for leather, and makes the lightest and strongest leather. Around the world, nearly all professional soccer players wear boots made from kangaroo leather.
Christ myth theory
The Christ myth theory (also called the Jesus myth theory) is the theory that Jesus of Nazareth, the central figure of Christianity and of the the Bible's Gospels, is only a myth.
The Christ myth theory is a fringe theory, supported by few Biblical historians nor Biblical scholars. It deviates from the main historical view, which is that a historical Jesus who was crucified in the 1st-century Roman province of Judea.
There are different meaning used for the word "myth". Because of this, there are many different views about how Jesus could be a myth.
Urolagnia
Urolagnia (also urophilia, undinism) is a paraphilia where people gain sexual pleasure from urine and/or urination. The term has origins in the Greek Language (from "ouron", urine, and "lagneia", lust).
Those who enjoy urolagnia may enjoy urinating on other people, or being urinated on. The practice of drinking the urine is called urophagia, although this word also applies to non-sexual situations. People who practice urolagnia may participate in urolagnia as part of a domination and submission scene, though not all sexual activity involving urine is so.
These activities are often described with the slang terms "golden showers", "water sports", or "piss play". Urolagnia is sometimes associated with omorashi, but omorashi is usually described in Western culture using terms such as "bladder desperation" or "panty wetting".
In New Zealand, publishing anything promoting or supporting urolagnia, whether in print or online, is an offence punishable by up to ten years in prison.
BDSM is an initialism for bondage/discipline ("BD"), dominance/submission ("DS"), and sadism/masochism ("SM"). It means some kinds of sex play, sometimes these are called kink or fetish. They all have to do with trying to get sexual pleasure out of things that are often painful or upsetting. People try to do this in a safe way by agreeing on a "safe word". If someone says this word the whole play stops. This is to stop the play from going too far and causing real physical or emotional hurt.
BDSM is thought about as a safe thing to do if it does some things. These things are often said in one of two different ways. The first way they are said is to say "Safe, Sane, and Consentual" (SSC). The second way they are said is "Risk Aware Consentual Kink" (RACK). What those sayings mean is that both people have to agree on what to do. They also have to be safe, which means that they have to know the risks and be careful. People who do BDSM play are very careful to follow those rules because they can hurt or kill their partner if they do not.
Safe words are used to make sure BDSM is safe. Sometimes one person thinks they are playing in an ok way, but the other person does not. The person who does not think the play is ok will use a safe word or gesture to stop playing. This means that the play stops as soon as they do so nobody gets hurt or injured.
Bondage is the use of items like handcuffs, ropes or chains to keep a willing person from moving. Bondage often has to do with sex, but not always. Bondage is done because some people like the feeling of being not able to move while having sex. In this case, bondage sometimes has to do with BDSM, as often in the case of rope bondage and bondage of the female breasts. The letter "B" in BDSM stands for "bondage". Bondage may also be done just because people may like the feelings it creates.
Some couples include bondage as foreplay in their otherwise traditional sex lives at some time during their relationship. These bedroom bondage games are often with one partner willingly being restrained with rope or cuffs. Sometimes they can also be blindfolded or gagged.
Domination and submission is a lifestyle. Often it is seen as a form of erotic play. Usually two people do this. With this lifestyle or context, one of the two people has the dominant role. He or she can tell the other (called submissive) to do things. The submissive has to obey. The roles are usually agreed on beforehand. The submission is voluntary. Sadomasochism may be seen as a variation of domination and submission. A person who plays both roles is called a switch.
Şalom
Şalom is a Jewish weekly newspaper published in Turkey. Its name is the Turkish spelling of the Hebrew word "shalom" meaning "Peace". It was established on 29 October 1947 by the Turkish Jewish journalist Avram Leyon. It is printed in Istanbul and is published every Wednesday. Apart from one Ladino page, it is published in Turkish. İvo Molinas is its publisher. Yakup Barokas is its editor-in-chief. Its circulation is about 5,000.
The Talmud is a collection of texts which are important in Judaism. These texts are about discussions Rabbis had about Jewish law, ethics, customs and history. The Talmud has two parts, the Mishnah and the Gemara. The Mishnah was written down about 200 C.E. The Mishna is about the oral laws of Judaism. The Gemara was written down around the year 500. It discusses the Mishnah, writings of the Tannaim, and the Tanakh. The Talmud is taken very seriously. The Talmud is studied and used every day by Jewish people all over the world and is considered an extremely necessary component of the Jewish religion.
Hibernate (OS feature)
Hibernation is a technology used in certain operating systems. It allows to save the contents of the system memory onto a hard disk or other permanent storage. The computer can then be powered off. When it is powered up again, this information can be read again. That way the system will start up much faster.
The amount of free space on the hard disk needs to be greater than the amount of RAM in order for hibernation to work.
Isospora belli
Isospora belli is a species of internal parasites classified under Coccidia.
It is responsible for the condition isosporiasis.
Tab (GUI)
On computers using graphics for an interface, a tab is a way to switch between different controls (such as in a configuration screen), or documents (such as in a web browser or word processor). Only one tab can be active at a time.
More recently tabs have become a popular feature of most web browsers. This allows you to have more than one website open in the same window.
Mark David McGwire (born October 1, 1963 in Pomona, California) is a former right-handed First baseman in Major League Baseball who played for the Oakland Athletics (1986–1997) and the St. Louis Cardinals (1997–2001). He had a career .263 Batting average, and 583 Home Runs.
Although McGwire has never admitted to or been convicted of any steroid use, many of his accomplishments, particularly his historic home run surge late in his career, have come into question due to his connection to the steroid scandal in Major League Baseball.
Cryptosporidium
Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite which causes outbreaks of diarrhea.
A number of species of "Cryptosporidium" can infect mammals. The most common species to infect man is "Cryptosporidium parvum". The diarrhea can become severe in children, and in people whose immune system is weakened. It is often found in HIV patients who have diarrhea. In healthy adults, the infection is usually brief.
It is difficult to identify in the laboratory. The oocytes can be seen under a microscope, but they may be confused. Most cryptosporidia are 3-6 μm in size, but some reports have described larger cells. New real-time monitoring can detect "Cryptosporidium" better than the older spot testing and batch testing methods.
If "Cryptosporidium" is suspected in the water, the safest option is to boil water used for drinking.
A dodecahedron is a solid shape that has 12 surfaces. Each face is a pentagon (has five edges). In total there are 20 corners (also called vertices) and 30 edges altogether. A dodecahedron which looks exactly the same from all faces is also a platonic solid.
If "a" is the length of one of its edges, the surface area and volume of a regular dodecahedron are:
Jorginho
Jorginho (born 17 August 1964) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
127||5||||||||||127||5
164||15||||||||||164||15
103||17||9||5||28||9||140||31
394||37||9||5||28||9||431||51
!Total||64||3
Ricardo Roberto Barreto da Rocha
Ricardo Roberto Barreto da Rocha (born 11 September 1962) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
186||3
67||0
36||5
299||9
Ronaldo Rodrigues de Jesus
Ronaldo Rodrigues de Jesus (born June 19, 1965) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for the Brazilian national team.
209||4
46||3
255||7
!Total||14||1
Branco
Branco (born 4 April, 1964) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
88||9
60||7
289||27
!Total||72||9
Zinho
Zinho (born 17 June 1967) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
347||46||||||||||347||46
83||21||4||2||20||8||107||31
49||7||||||||||49||7
479||74||4||2||20||8||503||84
Zetti
Zetti (born 10 January, 1965) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
Márcio Roberto dos Santos
Márcio Roberto dos Santos (born 15 September 1969) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
137||6
56||4
25||1
251||13
!Total||40||5
Mazinho
Mazinho (born 8 April, 1966) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
55||2
202||8
371||17
Paulo Sérgio Silvestre do Nascimento
Paulo Sérgio Silvestre do Nascimento (born, 19) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
72||5
198||68
57||22
327||95
Müller
Müller (born January 31, 1966) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played the Brazilian national team.
236||80
71||24
331||112
!Total||56||12
Viola (footballer)
Viola (born 1 January 1969) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
278||95
30||10
46||18
354||123
!Total||8||3
Gilmar Rinaldi
Gilmar Rinaldi (born 13 January 1959) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
160||0||||||||||160||0
84||0||4||0||19||0||107||0
244||0||4||0||19||0||267||0
Ricardo Gomes
Ricardo Gomes (born 13 December, 1964) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
100||23
115||11
265||37
!Total||45||4
Alemão
Alemão (born 11 October, 1961) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
93||8
35||6
133||11
261||25
1983||1||0
!Total||36||6
Valdo Filho
Valdo Filho (born 12 January 1964) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
240||31||||||||||240||31
138||19||||||||||138||19
115||10||||||||||115||10
26||4||1||0||8||1||35||5
519||64||1||0||8||1||528||65
Silas (footballer)
Paulo Silas (born 27 August 1965) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
94||17||||||||||94||17
47||11||||||||||47||11
2||3||||||||||2||3
57||6||||||||||57||6
95||24||||||||||95||24
56||11||4||1||6||3||66||15
351||72||4||1||6||3||361||76
!Total||34||1
Acácio Cordeiro Barreto
Acácio Cordeiro Barreto (born 24 January, 1959) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
162||0
84||0
246||0
Carlos Mozer
Carlos Mozer (born 19 September 1960) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
89||8
120||11
89||4
17||0
315||23
!Total||32||0
Renato Gaúcho
Renato Gaúcho (born 9 September 1962) was a Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
191||57
214||57
!Total||41||5
Tita (born 1 April 1958) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
143||50
21||10
27||9
178||89
369||158
!Total||31||6
Mauro Galvão
Mauro Galvão (born 19 December, 1961) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
294||11
202||22
496||33
José Carlos da Costa Araújo
José Carlos da Costa Araújo (born 7 February 1962) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
143||0
98||0
241||0
Sebastião Lazaroni
Sebastião Lazaroni (born 25 September, 1950) is a Brazilian football manager.
Custer's Revenge
Myelodysplastic syndrome
The Myelodysplastic syndrome is a group of diseases and conditions that affect how blood is made. These diseases were formerly known as preleukemia, mostly because sometimes they can lead to leukemia. Often, its name is shortened to MDS.
Myelodysplastic syndromes affect the bone marrow stem cells. The production of blood does not rely on good stem cells, but ones that have been modified genetically. This means that the production of red blood cells, sometimes of white blood cells and blood platelets changed. The production becomes inefficient, or goes wrong altogether. Most of the time, this manifests in anemia - not having enough blood. Depending on the severity of the condition, it can also cause hemorrhages and infections with fever.
Most of the people who have these conditions are 60 years or older, but younger people can get it too, especially if they went through a form of chemotherapy. Most of the suffers die from the disease, usually after six to thirty months. The only known cure is a stem cell transplant. About a third of those suffering contract leukemia within a few months to a few years.
MDS or M.D.S. may refer to:
Bone marrow is a type of tissue that can be found in hollow bones of many animals including humans. In adults, the bone marrow in large bones makes new blood cells. Bone marrow makes up about 4% of an adult human's weight (about 2.6 kilograms).
There are two types of bone marrow. Red marrow is made mostly of myeloid tissue (which makes new blood cells). Red blood cells, platelets, and most white blood cells are created by red marrow. Yellow marrow is made mainly of fat cells. Both types of bone marrow contain many blood vessels and capillaries.
When a person is born, all of their bone marrow is red. As the person ages, more and more of the bone marrow changes to the yellow type. By adulthood, about half of a person's bone marrow is red.
Red marrow is found mainly in the flat bones - like the hip bone, breast bone, skull, ribs, vertebra (the bones that make up the spinal column), and shoulder blades - and in the cancellous ("spongy") material at the ends of the long bones like the femur (thigh bone) and humerus (upper forearm bone). Yellow marrow is found inside the hollow middle section, or medullary cavity of the long bones.
In cases of severe blood loss, the body can change yellow marrow back to red marrow so that more blood cells are made to replace the lost blood.
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Cyclospora cayetanensis is a protozoan that causes disease in humans, and perhaps other primates. They are cause of clinical diseases in immunosuppressed hosts is related with prolonged severe and highly recurrent diarrheas.
Stem cell
Stem cells are cells of the body
(somatic cells) which can divide and become differentiated.
When an organism grows, stem cells specialize, and take specific functions. For instance, mature tissues like skin, muscle, blood, bone, liver, nerves, all have different types of cells. Because stem cells are not yet differentiated, they can change to become some kind of specialized cells. Organisms also use stem cells to replace damaged cells.
Stem cells are found in most, if not all, plants and animals. They divide and differentiate into a range of cell types.Research in the stem cell field grew out of findings in the 1960s.
The two broad types of mammalian stem cells are embryonic stem cells, and adult stem cells, which are found in adult tissues. In a developing embryo, stem cells can differentiate into "all" of the specialised embryonic tissues. In adult organisms, stem cells act as a repair system for the body, replenishing specialized cells, but also maintain the normal turnover of blood, skin, and intestinal tissues.
Stem cells can be grown in tissue culture. In culture, they can be transformed into specialised cells, such as those of muscles or nerves. Highly plastic adult stem cells can be taken from a variety of sources, including umbilical cord blood and bone marrow. They are now used in medical therapies, and researchers expect that stem cells will be used in many future therapies.
Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) are stem cells taken from the inner cell mass of the early stage embryo called a "blastocyst". Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4-5 days after fertilization. At that time, they are made up of between 50 and 150 cells.
The stem cells' state, and what the daughter cells turn into, is influenced by signals from other cells in the embryo.
Adult stem cells exist throughout body after embryonic development has completed. They are found inside different types of tissue and remain in a "non-dividing state" until disease or tissue injury. They have changed permanently into specialised cells and have lost the ability to divide and specialise further. An advantage of adult stem cells is that it provides a lesser probability of rejection. A disadvantage would be that there is a limited availability to get them.
Plant stem cells are unspecialised, and can develop into any type of plant cell. They become specialised into cells of roots, leaves or flowers. The stem cells are found in meristem, at root and stem apices. They make it possible for growth to continue.
These are plants which have been grown from cuttings (therefore the same plant). They are dipped in "hormone rooting powder" to develop bigger root systems. They turn into tissues (eg. xylem and phloem) and organs (eg. roots, leaves and flowers), therefore becoming a completely new plant.
Cloning plants is a cheap way of producing a new plant.
Some cancers "may" be treated by stem cells. Leukemia, a cancer of white blood cells (WBC) is an example.
There are two stages to this process:
The springbok ("Antidorcas marsupialis") is a medium sized brown and white gazelle that stands about high. It is in the same family as antelope and goats. They are the national animal of South Africa and live in the Savannah Biome.
Lythraceae
Textual criticism
Textual criticism is the study of different copies of books or manuscripts. The purpose is to find the original, and see what changes were made to the later versions.
Textual criticism started with the study of the Bible, but now these techniques are used to study many texts.
The basic problem, as described by Paul Maas, is as follows:
The lack of autograph manuscripts applies to many cultures other than Greek and Roman. In such a situation, a key objective becomes the identification of the first "exemplar" before any split in the tradition. That exemplar is known as the "archetype". "If we succeed in establishing the text of [the archetype], the reconstruction of the original is considerably advanced".
The textual critic's ultimate objective is the production of a "critical edition". This contains a text most closely approximating the original, which is accompanied by a critical apparatus that presents:
Carlos Roberto Gallo
Carlos Roberto Gallo (born 4 March, 1956) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
201||0
!Total||37||0
Édson Boaro
Édson Boaro (born 3 July, 1959) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
180||10
Edino Nazareth Filho
Edino Nazareth Filho (born 5 June, 1955) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
130||15
138||22
268||37
!Total||45||3
Leovegildo Lins da Gama Júnior
Leovegildo Lins da Gama Júnior (born 29 June 1954) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
263||17
148||18
411||35
!Total||69||6
Walter Casagrande
Walter Casagrande (born 15 April, 1963) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
109||34
6||1
143||48
258||83
!Total||19||8
Zico (born March 3, 1953) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for the Brazilian national team. He is regarded as one of the greatest footballers of all time.
249||135||75||52||colspan="2"|-||77||59||401||246
40||22||20||19||colspan="2"|-||19||15||79||56
45||35||6||3||15||8||colspan="2"|-||64||45
334||192||101||74||15||8||96||74||544||347
!Total||72||52
Edivaldo Martins Fonseca
Edivaldo Martins Fonseca (13 April 1962 – 13 January 1993) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
95||22
colspan="2"|-
107||24
Paulo Vitor
Paulo Vitor (born 7 June, 1957) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for the Brazilian national team.
132||0
Josimar
Josimar (born 19 September, 1961) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
112||3
125||3
!Total||16||2
Júlio César da Silva
Júlio César da Silva (born 8 March, 1963) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
70||3
125||11
92||7
381||24
Elzo Coelho
Elzo Coelho (born 22 January, 1961) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
87||6
38||1
125||7
Telê Santana
Telê Santana (26 July 1931 – 21 April 2006) was a former Brazilian football player and manager.
Race to Witch Mountain
Race to Witch Mountain is a 2009 movie starring Dwayne Johnson as Jack Bruno, A Las Vegas cabbie enlists the help of a UFO expert to protect two siblings, named Sarah and Seth played by AnnaSophia Robb and Alexander Ludwig, with paranormal powers from the clutches of an organization that wants to use the kids for their nefarious plans.
The movie stars Dwayne Johnson, AnnaSophia Robb, Alexander Ludwig and Carla Gugino.
OpenStreetMap is a free editable map of the whole world. It is made by people from the entire world.
People make the maps using data from a GPS device and pictures from airplaces. Map vector information can be downloaded under the Open Database License, and the map pictures can be downloaded under Creative Commons Share-Alike license.
OpenStreetMap allows you to view, edit and use geographical data in a collaborative way from anywhere on Earth.
San Francisco Symphony Orchestra
The San Francisco Symphony (SFS) is a world-famous orchestra based in San Francisco, California. Michael Tilson Thomas has been their main conductor (“musical director”) since 1995.
When the conductor Henry Hadley started the orchestra in 1911 they only had sixty musicians. They gave pop concerts as well as concerts of classical music. In 1915 Alfred Hertz became their conductor. He improved their playing and made several radio broadcasts in the late 1920s. Hertz retired in 1930 and was followed by Basil Cameron and Issay Dobrowen. During the Great Depression, the orchestra had hardly and money and they did not play during the 1934-35 season. Then the people of San Francisco managed to get funding for the orchestra so that they could carry on.
The famous French conductor Pierre Monteux was asked to come and get the orchestra back to a good standard. He was very successful and the orchestra were soon offered more recordings. In 1949, Monteux invited Arthur Fiedler to lead summer "pops" concerts in the Civic Auditorium. Fiedler worked with the orchestra until the mid 1970s.
When Monteux left the orchestra in 1952, several conductors led the orchestra, including Leopold Stokowski, Georg Solti, Erich Leinsdorf, Karl Münchinger, George Szell, Bruno Walter, Ferenc Fricsay, and William Steinberg.
Two years later the young Spanish conductor Enrique Jordá became their music director. At first things went well. He had a lot of energy, and sometimes his baton flew out of his hand as he conducted. Gradually the orchestra became less happy with Jordá who did not seem to be able to control the orchestra and did not rehearse them properly. Eventually, after George Szell, the conductor of the Cleveland Orchestra, criticized him, the orchestra got rid of him.
In 1963, the Austrian conductor Josef Krips became music director. He was very strict and rehearsed them in great detail. He started a tradition of playing a special concert every New Year's Eve, "A Night in Old Vienna." with music by Johann Strauss and other 19th century Viennese composers. The Japanese Seiji Ozawa was their next conductor. He gave very exciting concerts which were always sold out. They made many recordings together. He sometimes conducted operas and ballets which were partly acted, and he used university choirs for choral works.
Ozawa was followed by Edo de Waart, the young Dutch conductor. He did not show off like Ozawa had done, but he kept the standard of the orchestra very high. He conducted the orchestra's very first performances in the Davies Symphony Hall. The orchestra used the huge new organ in the Hall for works such as Saint-Saëns' Third Symphony. In de Waart's final season, 1984-85, there were four sold-out performances of Mahler's hugh Eighth Symphony with the Symphony Chorus, the Masterworks Chorale, the San Francisco Boys Chorus, and the San Francisco Girls Chorus.
The orchestra started to do world tours under their next conductor Herbert Blomstedt who improved the orchestra’s sound. He is still an honorary conductor (Conductor Laureate).
Michael Tilson Thomas became music director in 1995. He had conducted the London Symphony Orchestra and had guest conducted the SFSO in 1974. He made sure the orchestra played more American music as well as plenty of Russian music. The standard of orchestral playing continues to be excellent today.
Rammstein is a German heavy metal band that started in Berlin in 1994. The band members are Till Lindemann, who is the singer; Richard Z. Kruspe, who plays the lead guitar and is a backing singer; Paul H. Landers, who plays the rhythm guitar and is also a backing singer; Oliver Riedel, who plays the bass guitar; Christoph Schneider, who plays the drums and electronic musical instruments; and Christian Lorenz, who plays the keyboard (also known as an electronic piano). The language that they sing in is almost always German, although they have made a couple of songs in the English language and the Russian language. As of 2005, they had sold over 10 million records around the world, and have made a total of 7 albums. Rammstein's music is published by Universal Music Group. Since the band was created, they have had no members join or leave.
MythBusters
Mountain Dew is a citrus-flavored soft drink, made by the PepsiCo company. The drink has more "caffeine" (a stimulant) than other soft drinks like Pepsi and Coca-Cola.
"Mountain Dew" was first a slang word for moonshine or homemade whisky. The name for the soft drink was first trademarked by Ally and Barney Hartman in the 1940s. Early bottles were printed with the words: “Yahoo Mountain Dew…It’ll tickle your innards.” The bottles were green and had a cartoon drawing of a hillbilly moonshiner with a gun. This design lasted until the mid 1960s.
Mountain Dew has different flavors:
Sturt National Park
Sturt National Park is a national park in north west New South Wales (Australia), 1059 km northwest of Sydney. The park is named after the explorer, Charles Sturt, who travelled through the area in 1845. The park was created in the 1970's from six large sheep and cattle stations (farms). These stations included Mount Wood, Olive Downs, Whitta Brinna, Mount King, Binerah Downs and Fort Grey.
The park is large, covering more than of arid area. The east of the Sturt National Park has flood plains, some trees and small rocky gorges and creek beds. Lake Pinnaroo, near Fort Grey, is a Ramsar listed wetland.
The central area of the park, near the old Olive Downs sheep station, has "jump-ups", flat topped mesas rising up to above the plains. In the far west of the National Park, the gibber (stone) plains are replaced by the red sand dunes of the Strezlecki Desert.
The Mount Wood Station used to cover and had 86,000 sheep. It employed 100 people. The homestead buildings have been renovated and an outdoor farm museum has been started. The historic homestead, built in 1884, has been turned into a place for up to 15 tourists to stay, and the old shearer's house can hold 38 people. There is also camping areas at Dead Horse Gully at Tibooburra, Olive Downs, Fort Grey and Mount Wood.
Cameron's Corner is a very but popular place for tourists to visit. It is where the borders of the states of New South Wales, South Australia and Queensland meet.
Sturt National Park was shown on a British TV documentary called ""Planet Earth"".
Red Kangaroos, Western Grey Kangaroos, Eastern Grey Kangaroos and Euros are common throughout the park.
Costume drama
A costume drama is a show in which complex costumes and sets are used to try make the set look like a particular time in history. The most common type of costume drama is the historical costume drama, both on stage and in movies.
Wilsthorpe Community School
Meaghan Jette Martin
Meaghan Jette Martin is an American actress and singer. She played the role of "Tess Tyler" in the Disney Channel movie "Camp Rock". She has also been on "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody", "Close to Home", and "Just Jordan". She had two songs in Camp Rock, "Too Cool" and "2 Stars". She also sang "When You Wish Upon a Star" on the 2009 DVD/Blu-ray release of Disney's "Pinocchio". She is the new voice of "Naminé" in "". She has been given a role in the new ABC Family series "10 Things I Hate About You". Martin will also star in "Camp Rock 2", which is being made in 2009.
Beaker culture
The Bell-Beaker culture (or Beaker culture, Beaker people or Beaker folk) is the name of a cultural phenomenon which occurred in large parts of Western Europe, roughly between 2800 BC and 2200 BC (in Great Britain until about 1900 BC). Today, it is unclear whether this can be seen as a culture.
Paul Reinecke was the first to use the word "Glockenbecher" (bell-shaped cup) in German, around 1900. Other historians from Italy and Czechoslovakia had used similar terms before.
Gordon Childe thought that the people were missionaries, who also had the knowledge how to make copper. They spread from the Iberian peninsula on the "edges" of Europe with the oceans. The typical items linked to the movement were prestige items reserved to the upper class, according to Steven Shennan. Christian Strahm talk about a "Glockenbecherphänomen" (bell-shaped cup phenomenon), to avoid the word "culture".
People of the movement were buried in a special way: Often stone chests were used. In the western part of the culture, burials in megalithic tombs and caves are common - the burial rites are often adapted to local customs. People where buried in an embryonic position:
This means that both looked east, when buried.
Today, little is known about the settlements used by the culture. The only places where settlements/remains of settlements that were done at approximately the same time were found is in Knowth in Ireland, and one in Switzerland.
Another culture that might have influenced the Beaker culture is the Corded Ware culture, mainly found in Northern Europe.
Adelardo López de Ayala
Adelardo López de Ayala y Herrera (1828-1879), Spanish writer and politician. He was born at Guadalcanal, Seville on 1 May 1828. At a very early age he began writing for the theatre of his native town.
Red mercury
Red mercury is a term used for a number of substances that are supposed to exist (or that could possibly exist). So far, no such substance has been found. The chemical element mercury most often occurs in a mixture with Sulphur, as "HgS". That mixture is known as Cinnabar, and reddish in color. In pure form, mercury is silver in color.
The following assumptions about red mercury have been proved as false:
Continuation War
The Continuation War was a war between Finland and the Soviet Union. It was fought between June 25, 1941 and September 19, 1944. It continued the Winter War. Nazi Germany helped Finland as part of the Eastern Front (World War II). The ceasefire started on September 4 at 7.00 am in the Finnish side. The Soviet Union's ceasefire started on September 5. The first peace treaty was signed on September 19 and the final one on February 10, 1947 in Paris.
Los Angeles Philharmonic
The Los Angeles Philharmonic (LA Phil, LAP, or LAPO) is an American orchestra based in Los Angeles, California, United States. They give concerts every year from October until June at the Walt Disney Concert Hall, and a summer season at the Hollywood Bowl from July to September. Their conductor is Gustavo Dudamel.
The orchestra are world famous, and well known for playing a lot of music written by modern composers.
The orchestra was started in 1919 by William Andrews Clark. He was a business man who had a lot of money and he paid the orchestra himself. They gave their first concert eleven days after their first rehearsal. Clark played the violin himself and sometimes played with the second violin section. Their conductor was Walter Henry Rothwell. After he died several other conductors led the orchestra, including Georg Schnéevoigt and Artur Rodziński.
The famous conductor Otto Klemperer led the orchestra in 1933. He was one of many German emigrants fleeing from Nazi Germany. He gave many new orchestral pieces their first performance, and introduced the audience to the music of Igor Stravinsky and Arnold Schoenberg. The orchestra played well for him, but Klemperer had health problems and suffered from manic depression.
William Andrews Clark died without leaving the orchestra an endowment. A new orchestra called the Southern California Symphony Association was started to try to keep the concerts going. Then a businessman called Harvey Mudd offered to pay Klemperer’s salary, and the orchestra started to earn more money playing in the Hollywood Bowl.
so they managed to keep going during the Great Depression.