AcharyaChanakya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Jansch often played on other people's recordings, including the Babyshambles album "Shotter's Nation" (2007). In 2010, despite being ill with lung cancer, he went on tour in the USA with American musician, Neil Young. Jansch died of lung cancer in Hampstead, London.
Jansch has made many albums including:
Desmond Mason
Ernesto Sabato
Ernesto Sabato (June 24, 1911– April 30, 2011) was an Argentine writer, painter and physicist. He won some of the most important prizes for writing in Spanish and was influential in the literary world of Latin America. He was also famous for investigating war crimes in Argentina. Sabato was a member of the National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons. This tried to find out what had happened to the 30,000 people who went missing during time of military rule from 1976 to 1983.
He was born in Rojas, Buenos Aires Province on 24 June 1911. He was the tenth of eleven sons from an average family. His parents were Francesco Sabato and Giovanna Maria Ferrari, a pair of Italian inmigrants from Calabria. He began to study at the National University of La Plata in 1929, where he studied physics and mathematics. He became a member of a communist youth group and went to the International Lenin School in Moscow to study for two years. He was very concerned about the rise of Stalinism, and went back to Argentina as soon as he could. He went back to the university and completed his PhD in physics. In 1939 he went to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, but after going back to Argentina in 1940, he decided that he wanted to be a writer.
His first magazine article was published in 1941, and for the next year he wrote book reviews and translated books into Spanish. His first book, a collection of essays on the morality of science and technology, was published in 1945. His first novel, a thriller, was published in 1948, and has been translated into ten languages. His third novel, "Abaddón el exterminador" ("The Angel of Darkness"), was named in France as the best foreign book of 1976.
Sabato died in Santos Lugares, on 30 April, 2011, from bronchitis.
Dick King-Smith
Dick King-Smith (27 March 1922 – 4 January 2011), was an English author. He wrote many children's books. The most popular was "The Sheep-Pig". This book was called "Babe the Gallant Pig" in the United States. The book was made into the movie "Babe".
He was born Ronald Gordon King-Smith, but is better known as Dick King-Smith. He grew up in the West Country. He was a student at Beaudesert Park School and Marlborough College. King-Smith was a soldier in World War II. He was a member of the Grenadier Guards in Italy. He married his first wife, Myrle, in 1943. They had three children and 14 grandchildren. Myrle died in 2000. King-Smith then married Zona Bedding, a family friend. He received the Order of the British Empire and an Honorary Master of Education degree.
King-Smith was a farmer for 20 years before he became a teacher and author. King-Smith's first book was "The Fox Busters". It was published in 1978. He then wrote over a hundred books. Some have been translated into twelve languages.
King-Smith died in his home on 4 January 2011. He was 88 years old.
Poly Styrene
Poly Styrene (3 July 1957 – 25 April 2011), was a British musician. She was best known as the singer in the early punk rock band X-Ray Spex.
She was born in 1957 in Bromley, Kent, and raised in Brixton, London. Her mother raised her alone. Her father was a Somali aristocrat. She ran away from home as a teenager and lived in empty houses. She saw the Sex Pistols perform on her birthday in 1975. That gave her the idea to start her own punk band X-Ray Spex. She was an unusual music start because she wore braces, was mixed race, and dressed differently.
Poly Styrene's real name was Marianne Joan Elliott-Said. She lived in St Leonards, East Sussex. She joined the Hare Krishna movement in 1983.
In 1991, Poly Styrene was diagnosed with bipolar disorder. She had breast cancer which metastasised to her spine. She died of breast cancer on 25 April 2011 at the age of 53.
Phoebe Snow (July 17, 1950 - April 26, 2011) was an American singer. One of her most popular songs was "Poetry Man", from her album "Phoebe Snow". She also sang the theme song for the television series "A Different World".
In December 1975, Snow gave birth to a daughter, Valerie, who had hydrocephalus (too much liquid around the brain). Snow cared for her until Valerie died in 2007.
Snow suffered a brain hemorrhage (bleeding in the brain) in January 2010, from which she never recovered. Complications from the hemorrhage caused her death.
Vann Nath
Vann Nath (1946 – September 5, 2011) was a Cambodian artist, writer and human rights activist.
He was born in Battambang Province in northwestern Cambodia. By age 14 or 15, he was working at factory jobs for very small amounts of money. Nath was a monk from the age of 17 to 21. His sister died, and Vann Nath stopped being a monk. He began to help support the family. He entered a painting school in 1965. He was able to make money by painting after two years of study.
Natt was arrested January 7, 1978 by the Khmer Rouge He wote and painted pictures of his experiences in the Tuol Sleng prison, also known as S-21. He wrote his life story in the 1988 book, "A Cambodian Prison Portrait: One Year in the Khmer Rouge's S-21 Prison". It is the only written story by a survivor of the prison. Nath survived because he was a great artist. Comrade Duch did not kill him, so that Natt could make paintings and sculptures of Pol Pot. He played an important role in helping to revive the arts in Cambodia after decades of war and genocide.
During 2001 and 2002, Vann Nath worked with Cambodian movie director Rithy Panh to make a documentary called "". Panh brought together former prisoners and guards from the former Tuol Sleng prison. Vann Nath spoke stringly and asked his former torturers questions.
Vann Nath had many health problems in his life, but he continued to paint and write about life during the time of Pol Pot. He died in 2011 in Phnom Penh. He was 66.
Stefan Maierhofer
Stefan Maierhofer (born 16 August 1982) is a football player from Austria. He plays as striker. Since 2011 he plays for F.C. Red Bull Salzburg.
Maierhofer played his first matches for Vienna and SV Langrohr. At the age of 23 he went to FC Bayern München. He played in the second team for 2 seasons. He also played 2 matches in the first squad. He scored 21 goals in 42 Regionalliga appearances. He was top goalscorer for the squad in both seasons.
In January 2007 Maierhofer played half a season for TuS Koblenz in the second league of Germany. The next season he signed a contract with SpVgg Greuther Fürth. The club sent him on a six-month loan to Austrian Bundesliga's Rapid Vienna in January 2008. Rapid then signed a contract with him.
In 2009 he went to the Premier League. He played for Wolverhampton Wanderers. In 2010 he went on loan to MSV Duisburg. With the team he reached the German Cup final. In August 2011 he returned to Austria and signed with F. C. Red Bull Salzburg.
He also played 15 times for the Austrian national football team. He scored two goals with them.
Vittorio Arrigoni
Vittorio Arrigoni (4 February 1975 in Besana in Brianza, Lombardy - 15 April 2011 in Gaza) was an Italian journalist and peace activist who had gone to live in the Gaza Strip. He was very critical of Israel, but also Islamist groups that wanted an extreme Islamic state.
An Islamic terrorist group kidnapped Arrigoni and said they would kill him unless the Hamas government released their leader from prison. They showed Arrigoni with his eyes covered, on a YouTube video, with the text "The Italian hostage entered our land only to spread corruption." The police went to a building in Gaza where they found Arrigoni's body. He had been beaten and strangled.
Thor Vilhjalmsson
Thor Vilhjalmsson (12 August 1925 - 2 March 2011) was an Icelandic writer. His first novel, "Maðurinn er alltaf einn (Man is Always Alone)" was published in 1950. In 1988 he won the Nordic Council Literary Prize for his novel "Grámosinn glóir (Justice Undone)".
Vilhjalmsson was born in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1925. He studied at the University of Iceland in 1944-1946, at the University of Nottingham in 1946-1947 and at the Sorbonne in Paris from 1947-1952. He worked as a librarian at the National Library of Iceland in 1953 and at the National Theatre 1955-1957. He was involved in many art groups and events including the Reykjavik Writers Festival, the Writer's Union of Iceland, the Federation of Icelandic Artists, the Reykjavík Arts Festival, the Reykjavík Film Festival and the Reykjavík Judo-Society.
Party Rock Anthem
"Party Rock Anthem" is a hit song by the American duo LMFAO with English singer Lauren Bennett. The song is the first single off their second album "Sorry for Party Rocking", released in 2011. The song hit number one in many countries.
Edwin Parker "Cy" Twombly, Jr. (April 25, 1928 – July 5, 2011) was an American artist. He used the nickname "Cy", after his father and the star baseball pitcher Cy Young.
Twombly was known for his large-scale, freely scribbled, calligraphic-style graffiti paintings, on solid fields of mostly gray, tan, or off-white colors. He exhibited his paintings worldwide. Twombly's paintings blur the line between drawing and painting. Many of his best-known paintings of the late 1960s are reminiscent of a school blackboard on which someone has practiced cursive "e"s. Twombly had at this point discarded painting figurative, representational subject-matter, citing the line or smudge – each mark with its own history – as its proper subject.
Later, many of his paintings and works on paper moved into "romantic symbolism", and their titles can be interpreted visually through shapes and forms and words. Twombly often quoted the poet Stéphane Mallarmé, as well as many classical myths and allegories in his works. Examples of this are his "Apollo and The Artist" and a series of eight drawings consisting solely of inscriptions of the word "VIRGIL". In a 1994 retrospective, curator Kirk Varnedoe described Twombly's work as “influential among artists, discomfiting to many critics and truculently difficult not just for a broad public, but for sophisticated initiates of postwar art as well". After acquiring Twombly's "Three Studies from the Temeraire" (1998–99), the Director of the Art Gallery of New South Wales said "sometimes people need a little bit of help in recognising a great work of art that might be a bit unfamiliar". He is said to have influenced younger artists such as Anselm Kiefer, Francesco Clemente, and Julian Schnabel.
Owsley Stanley (born Augustus Owsley Stanley III, January 19, 1935 – March 13, 2011) also known as Bear, was an important person in the rise of the San Francisco Bay counter-culture. During the Beat-era years of Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters scenes, he was also important in the explosion of 1960's psychedelia culture.
A brilliant and eclectic crafts-person he was best known under the name of "Owsley" - a magician like figure who "cooked" LSD. Under the professional name of "Bear" he is known around the world as the music producer, engineer and artist to psychedelic rock band the Grateful Dead.
Bear was the road manager for The Grateful Dead. He met the band when Kesey had them come to an Owsley Acid test party to try a new batch of LSD. Bear's technical interests helped the band's interest in electronic, acoustic and mystical properties of sound. He became their sound engineer. He was one of the first to mix sound live, and in stereo, and achieved a high sound quality. He often recorded live tapes behind his mixing board. They developed their own high-fidelity audio components and sound-systems for their performances. The bands tours evolved around a gigantic "Wall of Sound", with stacks of Stanley-designed equipment. His expert changes meant fans of the Grateful Dead could enjoy the full sonic range of the concert even in the outdoors.
His abilities helped The Dead to experiment further afield, playing in dramatic and remote places. Their need for support to tour with big shows, and their need for special equipment, meant that companies formed to supply them. These needs were the starting point for both Marin County's high-end music-instrument makers Alembic Inc and concert-sound manufacturer Meyer Sound. And his drug making helped to get the band started.
Stanley was one of the first people to manufacture mass quantities of LSD. His LSD is still known for its quality and purity. Between 1965 and 1967, Stanley produced more than 1.25 million doses of LSD. This amount of quality LSD was responsible for the wide popularity of the drug, and the development of an anti-authoritarian, anti-war counter-culture. From the 'Sunset Strip Riots' in Los Angeles, to the Summer of Love in San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury was described as "the biggest LSD party in history.". The name "Owsley" was linked to cheap LSD of good quality.
Stanley died in an car accident in Queensland, Australia on March 13, 2011.
Bruce Cowan
David Bruce Cowan, AM (15 January 1926—7 April 2011) was an Australian politician and Minister of the Crown in the cabinets of Tom Lewis and Sir Eric Willis. He was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for 14 years from 6 November 1965 until his resignation on 29 August 1980 and then for 13 years in the Australian House of Representatives for Lyne for the Country Party of Australia and its successors, the National Country and then National Parties.
He was the father-in-law of the current Premier of New South Wales, Barry O'Farrell.
Cowan died on 7 April 2011, a week after O'Farrell was elected Premier of New South Wales.
Anne Francis
Anne Francis (September 16, 1930 - January 2, 2011) was an American actress. She was best known for starring in the 1956 science fiction movie "Forbidden Planet". In the 1960s, she starred in her own television series, "Honey West". She was nominated for an Emmy Award for her work in that series.
Francis was diagnosed with lung cancer in 2007. She died of pancreatic cancer in 2011.
Francis was married twice and had two daughters.
Dorothea Puente (9 January, 1929 — 27 March, 2011) was an American murderer. She was sent to prison for killing three people at her home in Sacramento, California. Puente ran a boarding house where old people, people with a disability or mental illness were able to live. A social worker thought something was wrong after a mentally disabled person disappeared from her home. When the police searched the house they found seven bodies buried in the yard. Another two bodies were found in a box in the Sacramento River. She killed people with drugs and stole their money. She had taken more than $87,000 from people she had murdered.
Puente had a hard life; her father was an alcoholic and her mother a prostitute. She was placed in an orphanage as a young child where she was sexually abused. She married at 16 years of age and had two children who were both later adopted. At 19 her husband died and she was sent to prison for fraud. She was sent to prison for using drugs to steal from old people. Puente said all the victims died from natural causes. She did not tell anyone they had died because she had only been let out of prison on the condition that she did not look after old people.
The jury found her guilty of three murders. She died from natural causes while still a prisoner at the Central California Women's Facility in Chowchilla.
Paul Baran
Paul Baran (1926–2011) was an American engineer. He was one of the first people to work in developing computer networks. He invented packet switching networks. Later, he started several companies that made important parts of the Internet and other modern digital communication.
Paul Baran was born in Grodno, Poland (which is now in Belarus) on April 29, 1926. His family moved to the United States in 1928. He graduated from Drexel University in 1949 with a degree in electrical engineering. He did technical work on the first commercial computers in the United States. He got a Masters degree in engineering from UCLA. His thesis was on character recognition.
In 1959, Baran joined RAND Corporation. He designed a "survivable" communications system that could keep working across long distances even if hit by nuclear weapons. Baran proved that by dividing communication into short packages, the packages could be easily rerouted when a part of the network was lost. Special computers (called "routers") would steer the packages around the network toward their final destinations. This later became the basic design of the internet.
In 1968, Baran was a founder of the Institute for the Future, and then involved in other networking technologies developed in Silicon Valley. He founded a number of high technology companies.
Baran died in Palo Alto, California at the age of 84 on March 26, 2011, from lung cancer.
Tom Gehrels
Tom Gehrels (1925 – 2011), was an American astronomer, Professor Planetary Sciences, and Astronomer at the University of Arizona, Tucson. With co-workers, he discovered over 4,000 asteroids, including Apollo asteroids, Amor asteroids, as well as dozens of Trojan asteroids. Gehrels also discovered a number of comets. In an interview, Gehrels was asked what he would do if an asteroid hit the Earth. He said, "Go out there and have a look, of course."
In the 1970s, Gehrels was in charge of the Imaging Photopolarimeter experiment on the Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 satellites which explored the planets, Jupiter and Saturn.
Gehrels edited a number of space science textbooks. One of his sons, Neil Gehrels, was also an astronomer.
Gehrels was part of the Dutch Resistance in World War II. In 1994, he argued that German rocket scientist Wernher von Braun had been involved in Nazi concentration camps during that war.
Diane Cilento
Diane Cilento (5 October 1933 – 6 October 2011) was an Australian actress and author.
She was born on 5 October 1933 in Mooloolaba, Queensland. Her parents were medical practitioners Sir Raphael Cilento and Phyllis, Lady Cilento. At an early age, she decided to be an actress. She graduated from Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, London and moved to England in the early 1950s. Cliento began to have roles in British movies. She went on to win international acclaim as an actress during the 1950s and 1960s.
She was married three times and had two children. She was nominated for a Best Supporting Actress Academy Award for "Tom Jones". In 2001, she was awarded the Centenary Medal, for "distinguished service to the arts, especially theatre".
She died of cancer on 6 October 2011.
Charles Napier
Charles L. Napier (April 12, 1936 – October 5, 2011) was an American actor.
Napier was born on April 12, 1936, near Scottsville, Kentucky, Napier moved to Hollywood after graduating from Western Kentucky University with a degree in art.
His first acting position in Hollywood was on an episode of "". Napier later acted as military figures villains, such as playing Marshal Murdock in the movie "".
Napier died on October 5, 2011, in a hospital in Bakersfield, California from thrombosis, aged 75.
Elisabeth Sladen
Elisabeth Claira Heath Sladen (1 February 1946 – 19 April 2011) was an English actress. Born on 1 February 1946 in Liverpool, Sladen attended the Elliott-Clarke Drama school. From 1973 to 1976, Sladen played Sarah Jane Smith on "Doctor Who". Sladen again played Sarah Jane on a spin-off CBBC show, "The Sarah Jane Adventures". She died in Southall, west London on 19 April 2011 from cancer.
Jordan Lake
U + Ur Hand
Melody Thornton
Melody Thornton (born September 28, 1984) is an American R&B singer-songwriter, vocalist, dancer, model, showgirl and television personality. She became famous because she was in the singing group the Pussycat Dolls. She was the youngest member of the group. She had the second most important singing role, next to the lead singer Nicole Scherzinger. She was noticed for her melismatic vocal runs. In 2010, Thornton left the group to work on her solo career.
Jessica Sutta
Ashley Roberts
Ashley Maria Roberts (born September 14, 1981) is an American dancer, showgirl, recording artist, model, actress, fashion designer and television personality, best known as a former member of the modern burlesque group the Pussycat Dolls. She left the Pussycat Dolls in 2010, to pursue a solo career in acting.
Kimberly Wyatt
Kimberly Kaye Wyatt (born February 4, 1982) is an American showgirl, singer-songwriter, dancer, model, actress and choreographer. She is probably best known for being in the Pussycat Dolls. She joined the Pussycat Dolls in 2003. In 2010, she said that she left the group, and made a new band called Her Majesty & The Wolves.
Edward Hardwicke
Edward Hardwicke (7 August 1932 – 16 May 2011), also spelled Edward Hardwick, was an English actor. He is best known for his role as Doctor Watson in "The Return of Sherlock Holmes" series.
Hardwicke was born in London, England, to actors Sir Cedric Hardwicke and Helena Pickard. He started his film career in Hollywood at 10. He was in Victor Fleming's film "A Guy Named Joe" with Spencer Tracy. He went back to England, attended Stowe School, and did his military service in the Royal Air Force. He then joined the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) to learn to be an actor.
Hardwicke acted at the Bristol Old Vic, The Oxford Playhouse, and the Nottingham Playhouse. In 1964, he joined the National Theatre. He performed there for seven years. He appeared in William Shakespeare's "Othello", Ibsen's "The Master Builder". Peter Shaffer's "The Royal Hunt of the Sun", "Charley's Aunt", Tom Stoppard's "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead", Congreve's "The Way of the World", Georges Feydeau's "A Flea In Her Ear", "The Crucible", Luigi Pirandello's "The Rules Of The Game", Fyodor Dostoevsky's "The Idiot", and George Bernard Shaw's "Mrs. Warren's Profession". In 1977, Hardwick went back to the National Theatre to perform in Feydeau's "The Lady from Maxim's"
In 1973, he played at the Bristol Old Vic. He played Dr. Astrov in Anton Chekhov's "Uncle Vanya" and Charles Calthrop in the movie "The Day of the Jackal". In 1975, he went to the Haymarket Theatre, where he performed in Frederick Lonsdale's "On Approval". In 1976 at the Yvonne Arnaud Theatre, he played Sir Robert Chiltern in Oscar Wilde's "An Ideal Husband".
In 2001, he played Arthur Winslow in "The Winslow Boy" at the Chichester Festival Theatre. His father had played this role in 1948 in the movie.
Hardwicke started his television career in the 1970. He played Pat Grant in "Colditz". He then played Arthur in the sitcom "My Old Man". In 1978, Hardwicke played Bellcourt in the last episode of "The Sweeney". David Burke, who played Doctor Watson in "The Return of Sherlock Holmes" series, asked Hardwicke to take over the role. Hardwicke played this role for eight years, from 1986 to 1994. His portrayal of Watson was calmer than Holmes'. In 1989, Hardwicke played the role of Watson on the West End stage in "The Secret of Sherlock Holmes".
He performed in many movies, including "The Day of the Jackal" (1973), "The Black Windmill" (1974), Richard Loncraine's 1995 version of "Richard III", "The Scarlet Letter" (1995), "Shadowlands" (1993), "Elizabeth" (1998), "Enigma" (2001), "The Gathering Storm" (2002), "Love Actually" (2003), and Roman Polanski's "Oliver Twist" (2005).
He also narrated several movies.
Hardwicke married Anne Iddon, and they had two daughters, Kate and Emma. Hardwicke and Iddon later divorced. He then married Prim Cotton in 1995.
Hardwicke lived in Chichester. On 16 May 2011, he died of cancer.
Ludmilla Radchenko
Ludmilla Radchenko (, born November 11, 1978 in Omsk, Soviet Union) is a Russian model, artist and actress. She is best known in Italy and Anglo-Saxon countries.
Radchenko was born in Omsk. She graduated in fashion design in 1999. In 1997 she was elected "Miss Charm" at the national competition Miss Russia. She had television experiences in Moscow and St. Petersburg.
After she arrived in Italy, she began her career in an Italian spot during the television program "Paperissima". In 2001, she was a dancer in "" and, the following year, in the TV quiz "Passaparola".
In 2003, she hosted "Spicy Tg" on Antenna 3. During this time, she still modeled. In 2004 she was in the "Fox" magazine calendar. In 2005, she took part in the reality program "la Talpa". She was eliminated during the semi-finals.
In the summer of 2006, she was the main character of "On the Road", a TV program filmed in Miami. It was broadcast on the Italian television channel Italia 1. The next year, she hosted "Tuning and fanatics", a Diva's Production program on SKY. She was also a competitor in the reality program "Reality Game" on Sky Vivo.
She was chosen by window manufacturer Fapim for calendar 2008. She posed for Luca Cattoretti in the most famous erotic poses in the history of international cinema. She also works on All Music in the fashion program "Modeland". It is hosted by Jonathan Kashanian.
As an actress, she starred in the TV movie "Il viaggio" (2005). She was also in two episodes of the TV series "RIS - Delitti imperfetti" and some small roles in other Italian productions. In 2008, she stars in the movie "A Light Of Passion".
After La Talpa, she began painting. She has had some exhibitions in Milan and decides to devote herself to art.
In 2010, Radchenko made a giant cow for the "Cow Parade 2010", an international design exhibition. She also took part in an art installation at the Milan Triennale and exhibited in a solo show at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Lucca. A few months after her exhibition at Teatro alla Scala, she was chosen for the international painting Gemlucart of Monaco, where she began her collaboration with the Opera Gallery. In December 2010, Skira published her first catalog, "Power Pop".
In February 2011, the province of Milan supported Radchenko's exhibition at the House of World Cultures. In May 2011, a New York gallery showed her work at the Eating Art festival. Her works were also exhibited at the Crown Fine Art gallery in Soho.
Gil Scott-Heron
Gilbert "Gil" Scott-Heron (April 1, 1949 – May 27, 2011) was an American poet, musician, and author. He is best known for his work in spoken-word soul music in the 1960s and 1970s and his work with Brian Jackson.
Scott-Heron is most famous for his poem and song, "The Revolution Will Not Be Televised". This piece helped develop the black protest movement and influenced the rap genre.
In 2010, he released an album titled "I'm New Here".
Scott-Heron was HIV-positive.
Basse-Terre
Basse-Terre is the capital of France's Caribbean département d'outre-mer of Guadeloupe.
Basse-Terre is twinned with:
Separatist movements of India
Separatist movements are groups of people wanting to start a new country that is separate from a large existing country.
In India, some groups want separate countries for groups that have ethnic or language differences. Some groups call for a separate state, others for regional autonomy while some extreme groups demand complete full independence from India.
Part of Arunachal Pradesh is belong to the disputed territory of Southern Tibet.
The Arunachal Dragon Force (ADF), also known as the East India Liberation Front, is a violent secessionist movement in the eastern Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. The ADF seeks to create a state resembling the pre-British Teola Country consisting of area currently in Arunachal Pradesh as well as neighboring Assam.
Geographically and culturally, the region now called north-east India is between the two traditions of Indic Asia and Mongoloid Asia and is regarded as part of Southeast Asia. This geographical-cultural condition of "in-betweenness" is an important factor in the area’s crisis of identity. The leaders of the present-day "underground outfits" continue to struggle for independence, as the political integration of the northeast to India was brought about without the approval of its people. The people of northeast India, who are culturally Mongoloid, refuse to accept the caste-ridden social system advocated by ‘Indian’ culture. Similar struggles for independence are also going on in other northeastern subdivisions or sister regions, such as Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Meghalaya and Nagaland. Assam has been the hotbed of militancy for a number of years due to its porous borders with Bangladesh and Bhutan. The main causes of the friction include the anti-foreigner agitation in the 1980s and the simmering Assam-Bodo tensions. The insurgency status in Assam is classified as very active. The government of Bangladesh has arrested and extradited senior leaders of ULFA or the United Liberation Front of Asom was formed in April 1979 to establish a sovereign state of Assam through an armed struggle. In recent times the organisation has lost out its middle rung leaders after most of them were arrested. The National Democratic Front of Bodoland was formed in 1989 as the Bodo Security Force, aims to set up an autonomous region Bodoland. Problems in Meghalaya arise from the divide between tribals and non tribal settlers, identity issues and growing corruption besides the fear of being reduced to minority by native tribals. The activity status is classified as active.
Nagaland was created in 1963 as the 16th State of Indian Union, before which it was a district of Assam. Insurgent groups classified as active, mainly demand full independence. The Naga National Council led by Phizo was the first group to dissent in 1947 and in 1956 they went underground.
Both India and Pakistan say that Kashmir is a part of their nation. At one time, they were both a single country. India was divided based on which Party(Congress or Muslim league was more popular in each state. They fought wars over which country should get Kashmir. Separatists say that Kashmir should be a country that is separate from both India and Pakistan.
Manfred Gerlach
Manfred Gerlach (8 May 1928 — 17 October 2011) was the last President of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), and the only non-communist to be President.
Born in Leipzig in 1928, Gerlach was arrested at school in 1944 for starting an anti-fascist youth group. After World War Two he joined the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). This was one of the small political parties that the communist government allowed to exist. He studied law at the Walter Ulbricht German Academy of State Sciences and Law. During the 1950's he became General Secretary of the LDP and the mayor of Leipzig. From 1967 to 1990 he was on the Council of State, and its vice-chairman. He became chairman of the LDP in 1967 until it merged with two other parties in 1990, to take part in the first free elections in East Germany.
When Egon Krenz resigned as chaiman of the Council of State on 6 December, 1989, Gerlach became acting chairman ( as head of state he was effectively the President. After the 1990 elections, the new government reorganized, and removed the Council of State, and Gerlach resigned on 5 April 1990. He died in Berlin in 2011 after a long illness.
Jeff Conaway
Jeffrey Charles William Michael "Jeff" Conaway (October 5, 1950 – May 27, 2011) was an American actor. He appeared in the movie "Grease" and the television series "Taxi" and "Babylon 5". He was born in Manhattan and grew up in Queens. He worked as a model, child actor, and musician. Conaway had problems with drug addiction and died of problems from taking too many pain medications.
Don Kirshner
Don Kirshner (April 17, 1934 – January 17, 2011) was an American song publisher and rock producer. He managed successful pop groups such as The Monkees, Kansas, and The Archies. Kirshner was born and raised in the Bronx. He studied at the Bronx High School of Science. One of his classmates there was Bobby Darin.
In the late 1950s and early 1960s Kirshner and his partner Al Nevins had a successful music publishing company called Aldon Music. They managed songwriters from the "Brill Building", including Carole King, Gerry Goffin, Neil Sedaka, Howard Greenfield, Barry Mann, Cynthia Weil and Jack Keller. He also had three record labels: Chairman, Calendar, and Kirshner Records.
ABC Television asked Kirshner to produce a new music TV program call "In Concert". He left after one year to produce his own show called "Don Kirshner's Rock Concert". This show featured live rock music performances and was very successful.
He died of heart failure in Boca Raton, Florida on January 17, 2011. He was 76 years old.
Dan Peek
John Dye
John Carroll Dye (January 31, 1963 – January 10, 2011) was an American actor. He was born in Amory, Mississippi. He attended Mississippi State University and the University of Memphis. In 1994, Dye played the part of Andrew, the angel of death, in the television series "Touched by an Angel". The show ran for nine seasons before ending in April 2003. In 2000, he starred in the television movie "Once Upon a Christmas". In 2001, he appeared in the sequel "Twice Upon a Christmas".
Dye died on January 10, 2011, in San Francisco, California, from heart failure.
Park Gyu-ri
Kang Jiyoung
Kang Jiyoung (born January 18, 1994) is a South Korean idol singer, former member of the Korean girl group Kara.
Cliff Robertson
Clifford Parker "Cliff" Robertson, III (September 9, 1923 – September 10, 2011) was an American actor with a long movie and television career. Robertson played the role of John F. Kennedy in the 1963 movie "PT 109". He won the 1968 Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in the movie "Charly". On television, he acted as retired astronaut Buzz Aldrin in the 1976 movie "Return to Earth". He played a role based on Director of Central Intelligence Richard Helms in the 1977 movie based on John Ehrlichman's Watergate novel "The Company". He played Henry Ford in the 1987 "Ford: The Man and the Machine". His last well-known role was Uncle Ben in the three Spider-Man movies made between 2002 and 2007.
Jagjit Singh
Jagjit Singh (8 February 1941 — 10 October 2011) was an Indian singer. He was known as the "Ghazal King". Ghazal is a classical type of song, dating back to ancient Persia. It uses a special rhyming pattern and the words are written using a special pattern of stanzas. The songs are always about love. Singh, and his wife Chitra Singh who is also a ghazal singer, achieved a lot of commercial success in the 1970's and 1980s. He recorded more than 50 albums.
The ghazal is very popular in Pakistan, and Singh was one of the few Indian singers to become a success in that country. His music was described as "...gentle and soothing, and went to your heart." Ghazal was once a classical, elite type of music and poetry. Singh was able to make ghazal popular by singing in many different languages, singing ghazal in movies and music videos. He used modern technology and was the first ghazal singer to use multi-tracking.
He died in Mumbai, after a stroke in 2011.
Grete Waitz
Grete Waitz (1 October 1953 – 19 April 2011) was a Norwegian marathon runner and former world record holder. Waitz won nine New York City Marathons between 1978 and 1988, more than any other runner in history. She won a silver medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California. She won a gold medal at the 1983 World Championships in Athletics in Helsinki.
Waitz also won the London Marathon in 1983 and 1986. The win in 1986 was her personal best time of 2:24:54). She won the Stockholm Marathon in 1988 at 2:28:24. (As of 2011 this is the Stockholm course record for women).
In 2000, Waitz was inducted into the United States National Distance Running Hall of Fame. She died from cancer in 2011.
Ryan Dunn
Ryan Matthew Dunn (June 11, 1977 – June 20, 2011) was an American reality television personality and stuntman. He was best known for being a member of the "Jackass" and "Viva La Bam" television programs. He died in car crash in West Goshen Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. Police reported that Dunn was the driver. His blood alcohol level was 0.196%. That is more than twice the state's legal limit of 0.08%.
Knut Steen
Knut Steen (1924 — 22 September 2011) was a Norwegian sculptor. He spent much of his life living between Sandefjord, Norway, and Carrara, Italy. He began sculpting in 1946 and worked with a range of materials including marble, granite, bronze, steel and concrete. In 2011 a small museum was opened in Sandefjord to display some of his work. The collection holds 12 marble sculptures and four works.
Pokémon Mystery Dungeon is a "Pokémon" game where you form a rescue team ("Pokémon Mystery Dungeon Blue" and "Red Rescue Team") or an exploration team ("Pokémon Mystery Dungeon Explorers of Darkness", "Time and Sky"). In the game, the main star is you, and before you start playing, you have to answer a quiz to determine what Pokémon you turn into.
Alberto Granado
Alberto Granado Jiménez (8 August 1922 — 5 March 2011) was an Argentine biochemist. He traveled through South America in 1951 with his friend Che Guevara on a motorcycle. They kept a journal about the trip and what they saw. These writings were the basis for Walter Salle's movie, "The Motorcycle Diaries" (2004).
Granado was born in Hernando, Argentina, and later studied chemistry and pharmacology at the University of Córdoba. Active in politics, he spent time in prison after taking part in student protests against the government. He met Che at university, and in 1951 they traveled thousands of miles and finally ended up in Caracas, Venezuela. Che went back home to finish his medical degree, but Granado stayed and worked in a leprosy clinic.
Granada moved to Cuba in 1961 and set up the school of medicine at the University of Santiago. He later moved to Havana and was able to work on scientific research. He died in Havana in 2011. He asked for his ashes to be scattered in Cuba, Argentina and Venezuela.
Tony Tan Keng Yam (, born 7 February 1940, in Singapore) is the seventh President of Singapore from 2011 through 2017. Until 1 July 2011, he was Executive Director and Deputy Chairman of the Government of Singapore Investment Corporation (GIC) and Chairman of Singapore Press Holdings Limited (SPH). He previously was Chairman of Singapore's National Research Foundation and Deputy Chairman of the Research, Innovation and Enterprise Council. In the late 1980s, he was Lee Kuan Yew's first choice to succeed him as Prime Minister of Singapore, but he declined. He later returned to Cabinet and as Singapore's Deputy Prime Minister from 1995 to 2005, and Minister for Defence from 1995 to 2003.
In August 2011, Tan won the Singapore presidential election by a narrow 0.34% margin, and was sworn in as the seventh President of Singapore on 1 September 2011.
Vo Chi Cong
Võ Chí Công (born Võ Toàn; 7 August 1912 – 8 September 2011) was a Vietnamese politician, a founding member of the Viet Cong and former President of Vietnam.
In 1912, Công was born Võ Toàn in Quảng Nam Province, Vietnam, in 1912.
In 1930, he first became active in politics.
In 1935, he joined the Communist Party of Indochina; and he rose through the ranks of the party.
From 1987 through 1992, he was the Chairman of the Council of State of Vietnam which was like the current office of the President of Vietnam.
Công died in Ho Chi Minh City on 8 September 2011, aged 99. His state funeral was broadcast on television.
Nguyen Cao Ky
Thriller (song)
"Thriller" is a 1983 song by Michael Jackson. It was on this album "Thriller". It was written by Rod Temperton. The song has been featured on many of his greatest hits albums. It has been covered by other musicians. It was narrated by Vincent Price.
The music video was made by John Landis, George J. Folsey, Jr., and Jackson. It is 13 minutes long and was MTV's first world premiere video. In it Jackson turns into a werecat and a zombie. The video was nominated for six MTV Video Music Awards in 1984. It won Viewers Choice, Best Overall Performance and Best Choreography. It did not win Best Concept Video, Best Male Video, or Video of the Year. In 1985 it won the Grammy Award for Best Video, Long Form.
In 1999 MTV put "Thriller" #1 in their 100 Greatest Music Videos Ever Made list.
In 2009 the video for "Thriller" was added to the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress. It was the first music video ever to be added to it.
In 2013 entered the "Billboard" Hot 100 again.
Equivalence relation
In mathematics, an equivalence relation formula_1 on a set is a mathematical relation that is symmetric, transitive and reflexive. For a given element formula_2 on that set, the set of all elements related to formula_2 (in the sense of formula_1) is called the equivalence class of formula_2, and written as formula_6.
With an equivalence relation, it is possible to partition a set into distinct equivalence classes. As an example, consider the set of all animals on a farm and define the following relation: two animals are related if they belong to the same species. Under this relation, a cow is related to an ox, but not to a chicken. In fact, this relation is an equivalence relation because:
In this example, the set of all animals related to a particular ox forms an equivalence class—it is the set of cattle. In fact, the set of all animals on this farm can be partitioned into different equivalence classes (in this case species).
Solid-state drive
A solid-state drive (SSD) is a data storage device, typically used in a computer. It uses flash memory to store data even after power is turned off. SSDs are designed to access data in the same way as traditional hard disk drives (HDDs). A HDD can usually be directly replaced with an SSD.
The best thing about solid state drives is that they have a much faster read/write speed than hard disk drives. They also have no moving parts, which means they don't make noise or break as easily. However, SSDs are can be more expensive than a hard drive. This also means that for the same price, someone can get much more capacity if they select a HDD instead.
A hybrid drive combines the features of an HDD and an SSD into one unit. It contains a large HDD and a smaller SSD cache to improve performance of frequently accessed files. A hybrid drive can offer almost the same performance as an SSD and it can contain more capacity. The price is also lower than of an SSD. The main market for this drive are the laptop users as these devices can accommodate no more than one drive.
The solid state drive technology is improving quickly and new SSD models are being introduced often. However, they have not gained popularity among many users. We still find that HDDs are still dominating the market. Sales of SSDs are expected to escalate and overturn that of HDDs after 2020.
When SSDs were first introduced into the market, manufacturers' made sure that they fit into the slots and bays initially used by the HDDs. As such they had the 3.5 and 2.5 inch form factors. However, as technlogy advances, more form factors emerged. Smaller form factors that directly interfaces with PCIe and NVMe slots emerged. These incuded the mSATA, PCIe and M.2, form factors.
Martial Célestin
Martial Lavaud Célestin (October 4, 1913 – February 4, 2011) was the first Prime Minister of Haïti. He was born in Ganthier and worked as a lawyer. President Leslie Manigat made him prime minister in March 1988. A coup removed Célestin from power on 20 June 1988.
Norwegian Crusade
The Norwegian Crusade was one of several religious wars in which European countries fought against Muslims in Turkey and the Middle East. The First Crusade was 1095-1099. The Norwegian Crusade was next, from 1107 to 1110. King Sigurd I led the crusade. Sigurd was the first European king to go on crusade to the Holy Land. He did not lose any battles. The Norwegian crusade seems to have been similar to earlier Viking raids.
Jumping spider
Jumping spiders belong to the family "Salticidae". These spiders catch their prey by jumping on them.
Species live in many habitats, from leaves lying on the ground, to the tops of trees in the forest, and even way up on Mt. Everest. They are found on every continent in the world except for Antarctica.
At present, 5026 species in 530 genera have been found. They are actually the largest family of spiders, with about 13% of all species.
They are easy to identify because their eye pattern is distinctive. They have eight eyes, two of which are very large, and because their faces form a flat surface, facing where they are going.
They often hunt high up in bushes, or on vertical walls. To save themselves from falling they do something very much like what climbers do to protect themselves in the mountains. Humans tie a rope to the mountain and attach the other end to the harness they wear. Jumping spiders attach silk from their spinnerets to the thing on which they are standing and then they jump. While they are moving through the air they make silk so that there is always a safety rope trailing out behind them.
Jumping spiders can jump long distances for their size, as much as 16 cm. When they jump, they use their hind legs. They raise their front legs to be ready to grab their prey.
Many other kinds of spider hunt at night, but jumping spiders depend on their eyes, so they like to come out in the daytime. Often they will find a sunny spot on a wall or tree trunk.
There are however many variations, and many surprising aspects. For one thing, Salticids do not necessarily follow a straight path in approaching prey. They may follow a circuitous course, sometimes even a course that takes the hunter through places where the prey is not visible. Such complex behaviour is hard to reconcile with an organism that has such a tiny brain. Some spiders in species of "Portia" can take long detours from one bush down to the ground, then up the stem of another bush to capture a prey item on a particular leaf. Such behaviour is the subject of research.
Because they have very good eyes, jumping spiders can see human beings when they approach. Some jumping spiders may run away from approaching humans, and others seem not to be very much afraid. But either way a jumping spider will watch a nearby human being. When they do not run away, but do turn to keep watch over a human being, it may seem that they are interested in us. Some of them will even jump from where they are sitting on branches, rocks, etc. onto a person's finger or camera. These spiders only bite to get something to eat or to defend themselves, so if they jump on somebody's hand they will not bite. People get bitten if they pinch or squeeze a jumping spider.
Jumping spiders are able to climb glass and other very smooth surfaces because besides having two claws on each foot they also have sticky hairs (called "scopulae") that hold onto the surface. Many tiny ends on each hair are held to the glass by Van der Waals forces, the force that will make two very flat sheets of glass stick tightly together without any glue.
Jumping spiders are able to see very clearly. Two of their eight eyes are very large and are complicated inside. The eyes cannot move, so the spider will often move its body to look at what it wants to see. However, it can also move the retinas of its two main eyes on the inside of the eye, so the center of the eye's picture can be moved. So the jumping spider has binocular vision.
Very few kinds of jumping spider make webs; instead they use their silk for their safety rope and also to make a kind of tent where they sleep at night, shed their skins (molt), lay their eggs, and enjoy a long sleep during winter (hibernate). Their silk comes out of their spinnerets (see diagram).
William Lipscomb
William Nunn Lipscomb, Jr. (December 9, 1919– April 14, 2011) was a Nobel Prize-winning American inorganic and organic chemist. He worked in nuclear magnetic resonance, theoretical chemistry, boron chemistry, and biochemistry.
Lipscomb was born in Cleveland, Ohio. His family moved to Lexington, Kentucky in 1920.He lived there until he earned his Bachelor of Science degree in Chemistry at the University of Kentucky in 1941. Then he earned his Doctor of Philosophy degree in Chemistry from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in 1946.
From 1946 to 1959, he taught at the University of Minnesota. From 1959 to 1990, he was a professor of chemistry at Harvard University. After 1990, he became a professor emeritus at Harvard.
Lipscomb went to live in Cambridge, Massachusetts until his death in 2011 from pneumonia.
Lipscomb was one of the first people to use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to study chemical structures. He learned out how to look at NMR data to find what atoms are connected together in a molecule. This is called "chemical shift".