ECHOSTAR COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued F-34 closing price of the class A common stock on the last business day of each calendar quarter in which such shares of class A common stock are deemed sold to an employee under the ESPP.
The ESPP shall terminate upon the first to occur of (i) October 1, 2007 or (ii) the date on which the ESPP is terminated by the Board of Directors.
During 2000, 2001 and 2002 employees purchased approximately 58,000; 80,000 and 108,000 shares of class A common stock through the ESPP, respectively.401(k) Employee Savings Plan EchoStar sponsors a 401(k) Employee Savings Plan (the “401(k) Plan”) for eligible employees.
Voluntary employee contributions to the 401(k) Plan may be matched 50% by EchoStar, subject to a maximum annual contribution by EchoStar of $1,000 per employee.
Matching 401(k) contributions totaled approximately $1.6 million, $2.1 million and $2.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively.
EchoStar also may make an annual discretionary contribution to the plan with approval by EchoStar’s Board of Directors, subject to the maximum deductible limit provided by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
These contributions may be made in cash or in EchoStar stock.
Forfeitures of unvested participant balances which are retained by the 401(k) Plan may be used to fund matching and discretionary contributions.
Expense recognized relating to discretionary contributions was approximately $7 million, $225 thousand and $17 million during the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively.9.
Commitments and Contingencies Leases Future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2002, are as follows (in thousands):
|2003|$17,274|
|2004|14,424|
|2005|11,285|
|2006|7,698|
|2007|3,668|
|Thereafter|1,650|
|Total minimum lease payments|55,999|

Total rent expense for operating leases approximated $9 million, $14 million and $16 million in 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively.
Purchase Commitments As of December 31, 2002, EchoStar’s purchase commitments totaled approximately $359 million.
The majority of these commitments relate to EchoStar receiver systems and related components.
All of the purchases related to these commitments are expected to be made during 2003.
EchoStar expects to finance these purchases from existing unrestricted cash balances and future cash flows generated from operations.
Patents and Intellectual Property Many entities, including some of EchoStar’s competitors, now have and may in the future obtain patents and other intellectual property rights that cover or affect products or services directly or indirectly related to those that EchoStar offers.
EchoStar may not be aware of all patents and other intellectual property rights that its products may potentially infringe.
Damages in patent infringement cases can include a tripling of actual damages in certain cases.
Further, EchoStar cannot estimate the extent to which it may be required in the future to obtain licenses with respect to
Item 7.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - Continued 52 Tivo litigation expense.
We recorded $361 million of “Tivo litigation expense” during the year ended December 31, 2009 for supplemental damages, contempt sanctions and interest.
See Note 14 in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.
Depreciation and amortization.
“Depreciation and amortization” expense totaled $940 million during the year ended December 31, 2009, a $60 million or 6.0% decrease compared to the same period in 2008.
The decrease in “Depreciation and amortization” expense was primarily due to the declines in depreciation expense related to set-top boxes used in our lease programs and the abandonment of a software development project during 2008 that was designed to support our IT systems.
The decrease related to set-top-boxes was primarily attributable to capitalization of a higher mix of new advanced equipment in 2009 compared to the same period in 2008, which has a longer estimated useful life.
In addition, the satellite depreciation expense declined due to the retirements of certain satellites from commercial service, almost entirely offset by depreciation expense associated with satellites placed in service in 2008.
Interest income.
“Interest income” totaled $30 million during the year ended December 31, 2009, a decrease of $21 million or 41.4% compared to the same period in 2008.
This decrease principally resulted from lower percentage returns earned on our cash and marketable investment securities, partially offset by higher average cash and marketable investment securities balances during the year ended December 31, 2009.
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized.
“Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized” totaled $388 million during the year ended December 31, 2009, an increase of $19 million or 5.0% compared to the same period in 2008.
This change primarily resulted from an increase in interest expense related to the issuance of debt during 2009 and 2008 and the Ciel II capital lease, partially offset by a decrease in interest expense associated with 2008 debt redemptions.
Other, net.
“Other, net” expense totaled $16 million during the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to $169 million in 2008, a decrease of $153 million.
This decrease primarily resulted from $178 million less in impairment charges on marketable and other investment securities, partially offset by $33 million less in net gains on the sale and exchanges of investments in 2009 compared to 2008.
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization.
EBITDA was $2.311 billion during the year ended December 31, 2009, a decrease of $576 million or 20.0% compared to the same period in 2008.
EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2009 was negatively impacted by the $361 million “Tivo litigation expense.
” The following table reconciles EBITDA to the accompanying financial statements.
|| For the Years Ended  December 31,|
|| 2009| 2008|
||(In thousands)|
|EBITDA|$2,311,398|$2,887,697|
|Less:|||
|Interest expense, net|358,391|318,661|
|Income tax provision (benefit), net|377,429|665,859|
|Depreciation and amortization|940,033|1,000,230|
|Net income (loss) attributable to DISH Network common shareholders|$635,545|$902,947|

EBITDA is not a measure determined in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP, and should not be considered a substitute for operating income, net income or any other measure determined in accordance with GAAP.
EBITDA is used as a measurement of operating efficiency and overall financial performance and we believe it to be a helpful measure for those evaluating companies in the pay-TV industry.
Conceptually, EBITDA measures the amount of income generated each period that could be used to service debt, pay taxes and fund capital expenditures.
EBITDA should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for measures of performance prepared in accordance with GAAP.
Income tax (provision) benefit, net.
Our income tax provision was $377 million during the year ended December 31, 2009, a decrease of $288 million compared to the same period in 2008.
The decrease in the provision was primarily related to the decrease in “Income (loss) before income taxes” and a decrease in our effective tax rate.
DISH NETWORK CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued F-28 9.
Acquisitions DBSD North America and TerreStar Transactions On March 2, 2012, the FCC approved the transfer of 40 MHz of AWS-4 wireless spectrum licenses held by DBSD North America and TerreStar to us.
On March 9, 2012, we completed the DBSD Transaction and the TerreStar Transaction, pursuant to which we acquired, among other things, certain satellite assets and wireless spectrum licenses held by DBSD North America and TerreStar.
In addition, during the fourth quarter 2011, we and Sprint entered into a mutual release and settlement agreement (the “Sprint Settlement Agreement”) pursuant to which all issues then being disputed relating to the DBSD Transaction and the TerreStar Transaction were resolved between us and Sprint, including, but not limited to, issues relating to costs allegedly incurred by Sprint to relocate users from the spectrum then licensed to DBSD North America and TerreStar.
The total consideration to acquire the DBSD North America and TerreStar assets was approximately $2.860 billion.
This amount includes $1.364 billion for the DBSD Transaction, $1.382 billion for the TerreStar Transaction, and the net payment of $114 million to Sprint pursuant to the Sprint Settlement Agreement.
See Note 16 for further information.
As a result of these acquisitions, we recognized the acquired assets and assumed liabilities based on our estimates of fair value at their acquisition date, including $102 million in an uncertain tax position in “Long-term deferred revenue, distribution and carriage payments and other long-term liabilities” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Subsequently, in the third quarter 2013, this uncertain tax position was resolved and $102 million was reversed and recorded as a decrease in “Income tax (provision) benefit, net” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the year ended December 31, 2013.10.
Discontinued Operations As of December 31, 2013, Blockbuster had ceased all material operations.
Accordingly, our Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows have been recast to present Blockbuster as discontinued operations for all periods presented and the amounts presented in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements relate only to our continuing operations, unless otherwise noted.
During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, the revenue from our discontinued operations was $503 million, $1.085 billion and $974 million, respectively.
“Income (loss) from discontinued operations, before income taxes” for the same periods was a loss of $54 million, $62 million and $3 million, respectively.
In addition, “Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax” for the same periods was a loss of $47 million, $37 million and $7 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2013, the net assets from our discontinued operations consisted of the following:
||As of December 31, 2013 (In thousands)|
|Current assets from discontinued operations|$68,239|
|Noncurrent assets from discontinued operations|9,965|
|Current liabilities from discontinued operations|-49,471|
|Long-term liabilities from discontinued operations|-19,804|
|Net assets from discontinued operations|$8,929|

PART II Item 5.
MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES Market Price of and Dividends on the Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters Market Information.
Our Class A common stock is quoted on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “DISH.
” The high and low closing sale prices of our Class A common stock during 2014 and 2013 on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (as reported by Nasdaq) are set forth below.
|2014|High|Low|
|First Quarter|$62.42|$54.10|
|Second Quarter|65.64|56.23|
|Third Quarter|66.71|61.87|
|Fourth Quarter|79.41|57.96|
|2013|High|Low|
|First Quarter|$38.02|$34.19|
|Second Quarter|42.52|36.24|
|Third Quarter|48.09|41.66|
|Fourth Quarter|57.92|45.68|

As of February 13, 2015, there were approximately 8,208 holders of record of our Class A common stock, not including stockholders who beneficially own Class A common stock held in nominee or street name.
As of February 10, 2015, 213,247,004 of the 238,435,208 outstanding shares of our Class B common stock were beneficially held by Charles W.  Ergen, our Chairman, and the remaining 25,188,204 were held in trusts established by Mr.  Ergen for the benefit of his family.
There is currently no trading market for our Class B common stock.
Dividends.
On December 28, 2012, we paid a cash dividend of $1.00 per share, or approximately $453 million, on our outstanding Class A and Class B common stock to stockholders of record at the close of business on December 14, 2012.
While we currently do not intend to declare additional dividends on our common stock, we may elect to do so from time to time.
Payment of any future dividends will depend upon our earnings and capital requirements, restrictions in our debt facilities, and other factors the Board of Directors considers appropriate.
We currently intend to retain our earnings, if any, to support future growth and expansion, although we may repurchase shares of our common stock from time to time.
See further discussion under “Item 7.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans.
See “Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 6.
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA The selected consolidated financial data as of and for each of the five years ended December 31, 2018 have been derived from our consolidated financial statements.
On February 28, 2017, we and EchoStar and certain of our respective subsidiaries completed the Share Exchange.
As the Share Exchange was a transaction between entities that are under common control accounting rules require that our Consolidated Financial Statements include the results of the Transferred Businesses for all periods presented, including periods prior to the completion of the Share Exchange.
We initially recorded the Transferred Businesses at EchoStar’s historical cost basis.
The difference between the historical cost basis of the Transferred Businesses and the net carrying value of the Tracking Stock was recorded in “Additional paid-in capital” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The results of the Transferred Businesses were prepared from separate records maintained by EchoStar for the periods prior to March 1, 2017, and may not necessarily be indicative of the conditions that would have existed, or the results of operations, if the Transferred Businesses had been operated on a combined basis with our subsidiaries.
The selected consolidated financial data includes the results of the Transferred Businesses as described above for all periods presented, including periods prior to the completion of the Share Exchange.
See Note 2 in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
See further information under “Item 7.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Explanation of Key Metrics and Other Items” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
This data should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto for the three years ended December 31, 2018, and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
||As of December 31,|
|Balance Sheet Data|2018|2017|2016|2015|2014|
||(In thousands)|
|Cash, cash equivalents and current marketable investment securities|$2,068,817|$1,980,673|$5,360,119|$1,611,894|$9,236,888|
|Total assets|30,587,012|29,773,766|27,914,292|22,665,292|21,756,516|
|Long-term debt and capital lease obligations (including current portion)|15,152,777|16,202,965|16,483,639|13,763,018|14,430,009|
|Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)|8,594,189|6,937,906|4,611,323|2,694,161|1,925,243|

For the Years Ended December 31,
||For the Years Ended December 31,|
|Statements of Operations Data|2018|2017|2016|2015|2014|
||(In thousands, except per share amounts)|
|Total revenue|$13,621,302|$14,391,375|$15,212,302|$15,225,493|$14,819,289|
|Total costs and expenses|11,473,681|12,823,610|12,893,041|13,797,121|12,915,803|
|Operating income (loss)|$2,147,621|$1,567,765|$2,319,261|$1,428,372|$1,903,486|
|Net income (loss) attributable to DISH Network|$1,575,091|$2,098,689|$1,497,939|$802,374|$996,648|
|Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to DISH Network|$3.37|$4.50|$3.22|$1.73|$2.17|
|Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to DISH Network|$3.00|$4.07|$3.15|$1.73|$2.15|


Question: what is the percentage change in rent expense for operating leases from 2001 to 2002?

Solution:
def solution():
    # Define variables name and value
    rent_expense_2001 = 14
    rent_expense_2002 = 16
    
    # Do math calculation to get the answer
    answer = ((rent_expense_2002 - rent_expense_2001) / rent_expense_2001) * 100
    
    return answer

Answer: 14.285714285714285