Item 1. Financial Statements
1
Phunware, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet
| June 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 |
| (Unaudited) |
| Assets |
| Current assets: |
| Cash | $ | 2,714 | $ | 3,940 |
| Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $ 242 and $ 356 at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively | 659 | 664 |
| Digital currencies | 773 | — |
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 1,586 | 304 |
| Total current assets | 5,732 | 4,908 |
| Property and equipment, net | — | 13 |
| Goodwill | 25,915 | 25,900 |
| Intangible assets, net | 54 | 111 |
| Deferred tax asset | 537 | 537 |
| Restricted cash | 91 | 91 |
| Right-of-use asset | 1,606 | — |
| Other assets | 276 | 276 |
| Total assets | $ | 34,211 | $ | 31,836 |
| Liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit) |
| Current liabilities: |
| Accounts payable | $ | 7,039 | $ | 8,462 |
| Accrued expenses | 1,972 | 5,353 |
| Accrued legal settlement | 1,500 | 3,000 |
| Lease liability | 516 | — |
| Deferred revenue | 2,010 | 2,397 |
| PhunCoin deposits | 1,202 | 1,202 |
| Current maturities of long-term debt, net | 83 | 4,435 |
| Warrant liability | 1,836 | 1,614 |
| Total current liabilities | 16,158 | 26,463 |
| Long-term debt | 3,720 | 3,762 |
| Long-term debt - related party | 195 | 195 |
| Deferred tax liability | 537 | 537 |
| Deferred revenue | 1,779 | 2,678 |
| Lease liability | 1,343 | — |
| Deferred rent | — | 180 |
| Total liabilities | 23,732 | 33,815 |
| Commitments and contingencies |
| Stockholders’ equity (deficit) |
| Common stock, $ 0.0001 par value; 1,000,000,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020; 72,742,689 and 56,380,111 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively | 7 | 6 |
| Additional paid-in capital | 177,254 | 144,156 |
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( 323 ) | ( 338 ) |
| Accumulated deficit | ( 166,459 ) | ( 145,803 ) |
| Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) | 10,479 | ( 1,979 ) |
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit) | $ | 34,211 | $ | 31,836 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
2
Phunware, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
(In thousands, except per share information)
| Three Months EndedJune 30, | Six Months EndedJune 30, |
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 |
| Net revenues | $ | 1,436 | $ | 2,213 | $ | 3,082 | $ | 4,853 |
| Cost of revenues | 1,124 | 768 | 1,816 | 1,859 |
| Gross profit | 312 | 1,445 | 1,266 | 2,994 |
| Operating expenses: |
| Sales and marketing | 639 | 277 | 1,195 | 882 |
| General and administrative | 3,021 | 3,760 | 5,779 | 7,705 |
| Research and development | 846 | 378 | 1,898 | 1,239 |
| Total operating expenses | 4,506 | 4,415 | 8,872 | 9,826 |
| Operating loss | ( 4,194 ) | ( 2,970 ) | ( 7,606 ) | ( 6,832 ) |
| Other expense: |
| Interest expense | ( 1,845 ) | ( 460 ) | ( 4,064 ) | ( 561 ) |
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | ( 2,184 ) | ( 81 ) | ( 7,952 ) | ( 81 ) |
| Impairment of digital currency | ( 776 ) | — | ( 776 ) | — |
| Gain (loss) on change in fair value of warrant liability | 663 | — | ( 222 ) | — |
| Other income (expense) | 43 | — | ( 36 ) | — |
| Total other expense | ( 4,099 ) | ( 541 ) | ( 13,050 ) | ( 642 ) |
| Loss before taxes | ( 8,293 ) | ( 3,511 ) | ( 20,656 ) | ( 7,474 ) |
| Income tax expense | — | — | — | — |
| Net loss | ( 8,293 ) | ( 3,511 ) | ( 20,656 ) | ( 7,474 ) |
| Other comprehensive income (loss): |
| Cumulative translation adjustment | 5 | ( 3 ) | 15 | ( 75 ) |
| Comprehensive loss | $ | ( 8,288 ) | $ | ( 3,514 ) | $ | ( 20,641 ) | $ | ( 7,549 ) |
| Net loss per common share, basic and diluted | $ | ( 0.12 ) | $ | ( 0.08 ) | $ | ( 0.30 ) | $ | ( 0.18 ) |
| Weighted-average common shares used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted | 71,620 | 41,869 | 68,103 | 40,982 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
Phunware, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
| Common Stock | AdditionalPaid-inCapital | AccumulatedDeficit | OtherComprehensiveLoss | Total Stockholders’Equity (Deficit) |
| Shares | Amount |
| Balance - March 31, 2021 | 71,204 | $ | 7 | $ | 175,046 | $ | ( 158,166 ) | $ | ( 328 ) | $ | 16,559 |
| Exercise of stock options, net of vesting of restricted shares | 11 | — | 5 | — | — | 5 |
| Release of restricted stock | 829 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Sales of common stock, net of issuance cost | 692 | — | 832 | — | — | 832 |
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | 1,371 | — | — | 1,371 |
| Cumulative translation adjustment | — | — | — | — | 5 | 5 |
| Net loss | — | — | — | ( 8,293 ) | — | ( 8,293 ) |
| Balance - June 30, 2021 | 72,736 | $ | 7 | $ | 177,254 | $ | ( 166,459 ) | $ | ( 323 ) | $ | 10,479 |
| Balance - December 31, 2020 | 56,371 | $ | 6 | $ | 144,156 | $ | ( 145,803 ) | $ | ( 338 ) | $ | ( 1,979 ) |
| Exercise of stock options, net of vesting of restricted shares | 131 | — | 70 | — | — | 70 |
| Release of restricted stock | 1,012 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Issuance of common stock for payment of board of director fees | 99 | — | 66 | — | — | 66 |
| Sales of common stock, net of issuance costs | 15,123 | 1 | 30,536 | — | — | 30,537 |
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | 2,426 | — | — | 2,426 |
| Cumulative translation adjustment | — | — | — | — | 15 | 15 |
| Net loss | — | — | — | ( 20,656 ) | — | ( 20,656 ) |
| Balance - June 30, 2021 | 72,736 | $ | 7 | $ | 177,254 | $ | ( 166,459 ) | $ | ( 323 ) | $ | 10,479 |

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| Common Stock | AdditionalPaid-inCapital | AccumulatedDeficit | OtherComprehensiveLoss | TotalStockholders’Equity (Deficit) |
| Shares | Amount |
| Balance - March 31, 2020 | 40,693 | $ | 4 | $ | 129,370 | $ | ( 127,567 ) | $ | ( 454 ) | $ | 1,353 |
| Exercise of stock options, net of vesting of restricted shares | 120 | — | 70 | — | — | 70 |
| Release of restricted stock | 578 | — | — | — |
| Issuance of common stock for payment of legal, earned bonus, and board of director fees | 400 | — | 523 | — | — | 523 |
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | 1,115 | — | — | 1,115 |
| Issuance of common stock upon partial conversions of Senior Convertible Note | 1,764 | — | 2,266 | — | — | 2,266 |
| Reacquisition of equity component of Senior Convertible Note | — | — | ( 1,299 ) | — | — | ( 1,299 ) |
| Cumulative translation adjustment | — | — | — | — | ( 3 ) | ( 3 ) |
| Net loss | — | — | — | ( 3,511 ) | — | ( 3,511 ) |
| Balance - June 30, 2020 | 43,555 | $ | 4 | $ | 132,045 | $ | ( 131,078 ) | $ | ( 457 ) | $ | 514 |
| Balance - December 31, 2019 | 39,811 | $ | 4 | $ | 128,008 | $ | ( 123,604 ) | $ | ( 382 ) | $ | 4,026 |
| Exercise of stock options, net of vesting of restricted shares | 153 | — | 87 | — | — | 87 |
| Release of restricted stock | 694 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Issuance of common stock for payment of legal, earned bonus, and board of director fees | 1,133 | — | 1,014 | — | 1,014 |
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | 1,750 | — | — | 1,750 |
| Issuance of common stock upon partial conversions of Senior Convertible Note | 1,764 | — | 2,266 | — | — | 2,266 |
| Reacquisition of equity component of Senior Convertible Notes | — | — | ( 1,299 ) | — | — | ( 1,299 ) |
| Equity classified cash conversion feature of Senior Convertible Notes | — | — | 219 | — | — | 219 |
| Cumulative translation adjustment | — | — | — | ( 75 ) | ( 75 ) |
| Net loss | — | — | — | ( 7,474 ) | — | ( 7,474 ) |
| Balance - June 30, 2020 | 43,555 | $ | 4 | $ | 132,045 | $ | ( 131,078 ) | $ | ( 457 ) | $ | 514 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Phunware, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
| Six Months EndedJune 30, |
| 2021 | 2020 |
| Operating activities |
| Net loss | $ | ( 20,656 ) | $ | ( 7,474 ) |
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
| Amortization of debt discount and deferred financing costs | 2,770 | 227 |
| Loss on change in fair value of warrant liability | 222 | — |
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | 7,952 | 81 |
| Impairment of digital currencies | 776 | — |
| Stock-based compensation | 2,438 | 1,750 |
| Other adjustments | 142 | 79 |
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
| Accounts receivable | 237 | 815 |
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | ( 416 ) | ( 193 ) |
| Accounts payable | ( 1,282 ) | 356 |
| Accrued expenses | ( 3,334 ) | 877 |
| Accrued legal settlement | ( 1,500 ) | — |
| Lease liability payments | ( 434 ) | — |
| Deferred revenue | ( 1,286 ) | ( 1,268 ) |
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( 14,371 ) | ( 4,750 ) |
| Investing activities |
| Purchase of digital currencies | ( 1,497 ) | — |
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( 1,497 ) | — |
| Financing activities |
| Proceeds from borrowings, net of issuance costs | 9,981 | 5,436 |
| Proceeds from related party bridge loans | — | 560 |
| Payments on senior convertible notes | ( 25,095 ) | ( 455 ) |
| Payments on related party notes | — | ( 200 ) |
| Net repayments on factoring agreement | — | ( 714 ) |
| Proceeds from exercise of options to purchase common stock | 70 | 85 |
| Proceeds from sales of common stock, net of issuance costs | 29,670 | — |
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 14,626 | 4,712 |
| Effect of exchange rate on cash and restricted cash | 16 | ( 79 ) |
| Net decrease in cash and restricted cash | ( 1,226 ) | ( 117 ) |
| Cash and restricted cash at the beginning of the period | 4,031 | 362 |
| Cash and restricted cash at the end of the period | $ | 2,805 | $ | 245 |

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| Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |
| Interest paid | $ | 1,287 | $ | 328 |
| Income taxes paid | $ | — | $ | — |
| Supplemental disclosures of non-cash financing activities: |
| Proceeds not received related to sales of common stock | $ | 867 | $ | — |
| Issuance of common stock for payment of legal, earned bonus and board of director fees | $ | 66 | $ | 1,014 |
| Issuance of common stock upon partial conversions of Senior Convertible Note | $ | — | $ | 2,266 |
| Reacquisition of equity component of Senior Convertible Note | $ | — | $ | ( 1,299 ) |
| Equity classified cash conversion feature of Senior Convertible Note | $ | — | $ | 219 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
7
Phunware, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(In thousands, except share and per share information)
(Unaudited)
1. The Company and Basis of Presentation
The Company
Phunware, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”, "we", "us", or "our") offers a fully integrated software platform that equips companies with the products, solutions and services necessary to engage, manage and monetize their mobile application portfolios globally at scale. Phunware’s Multiscreen-as-a-Service ("MaaS") platform provides the entire mobile lifecycle of applications and media in one login through one procurement relationship. The Company’s MaaS technology is available in software development kit form for organizations developing their own application, via customized development services and prepackaged solutions. Through its integrated mobile advertising platform of publishers and advertisers, the Company provides in-app application transactions for mobile audience building, user acquisition, application discovery, audience engagement and audience monetization. Founded in 2009, we are a Delaware corporation headquartered in Austin, Texas.
Basis of Presentation
The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the Company’s accounts and those of its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
The balance sheet at December 31, 2020 was derived from our audited consolidated financial statements, but these interim condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all the annual disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2020, which are referenced herein. The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2021 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, are unaudited. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis consistent with the audited financial statements, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") for interim financial statements. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In the opinion of management, the financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary to fairly state our financial position as of June 30, 2021 and the results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, and cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020. The results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2021 or for any future interim period.
Certain reclassifications have been made to our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2020. We combined individual line items that we considered to be immaterial and recorded these in our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows as other adjustments to conform to current year presentation. These reclassifications had no impact on previously reported operating, investing or financing cash flows.
Going Concern, Liquidity and Management’s Plan
Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 205-40, Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern ("ASC 205-40") requires management to evaluate whether conditions and/or events raise substantial doubt about our ability to meet future financial obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. As required by this standard, management’s evaluation shall initially not take into consideration the potential mitigating effects of management’s plans that have not been fully implemented as of the date the financial statements are issued.
Total revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and total backlog and cash-on-hand for the period then ended did not meet our expectations, as a result of the continuing, but evolving, uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic. As of June 30, 2021, we have an accumulated deficit of $ 166,459 , and for the six months then ended we incurred a net loss of $ 20,656 and used $ 14,371 in cash for operations. We also have negative net working capital. As a result, we anticipate that we will need to raise additional capital, through our at-the-market offering (see Note 9) or by other means, to fund operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
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However, management believes that substantial doubt about our ability to meet our obligations for the next twelve months from the date of these financial statements were issued has been alleviated due to, but not limited to, (i) increased activity in our sales pipeline, (ii) growth in channel partner relationships, (iii) the ability to sell our digital currency holdings for cash and (iv) the ability to sale shares of our common stock under our at-the-market offering.
We currently anticipate continuing to sell common stock through our at-the-market offering. We may also sell additional securities, including common stock, preferred stock, warrants and units through private placement transactions or public offerings.
The predictability of future sales and channel relationships requires significant judgement. Management cannot provide any assurances that it will be successful in accomplishing any of the Company’s plans. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain additional funding on satisfactory terms or at all. In addition, no assurance can be given that any such financing, if obtained, will be adequate to meet our capital needs and support growth. If additional funding cannot be obtained on a timely basis and/or on satisfactory terms, our operations could be materially impacted.
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going-concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. They do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from uncertainty related to our ability to continue as a going concern.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
There have been no changes in significant accounting policies as described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, except as set forth below.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”). ASU 2019-12 includes the removal of certain exceptions to the general principles of ASC 740 and simplifies the accounting for income taxes by clarifying and amending existing guidance. We adopted the update January 1, 2021 and it did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) ("ASU 2016-02"). We adopted ASU 2016-02 effective January 1, 2021. The core principle of ASU 2016-02 is that a lessee should recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from leases. For operating leases, a lessee is required to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in the statement of financial position. We have elected certain practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance that allows us to use the beginning of the period of adoption (January 1, 2021) as the date of initial recognition. As a result, prior period comparative financial information was not recast under the new standard and continues to be presented under the prior lease accounting standards. Other practical expedients include our election to not separate non-lease components from lease components and to not reassess lease classification, treatment of initial direct costs or whether an existing or expired contract contains a lease. We have also elected to apply the short-term lease exception for all leases, which we will not recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for leases that, at the commencement date, have a term of twelve (12) months or less.
The adoption of the new lease standard on January 1, 2021, resulted in the recognition of right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities of $ 2,101 on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. In connection with the adoption of this standard, short-term deferred rent of $ 8 , which was previously recorded in accrued expenses and long term deferred rent of $ 180 previously recorded in deferred rent on the condensed consolidated balance sheet was offset against the right-of-use asset. The details of our right-of-use asset and lease liability recognized upon adoption of ASC 842 are set forth below:
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| January 1, 2021 |
| Right-of-use asset | $ | 2,101 |
| Straight-line rent accrual | ( 188 ) |
| $ | 1,913 |
| Lease liability, current | $ | 500 |
| Lease liability, non-current | 1,601 |
| $ | 2,101 |

Concentrations of Credit Risk
Our financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and trade accounts receivable. Although we limit our exposure to credit loss by depositing our cash with established financial institutions that management believes have good credit ratings and represent minimal risk of loss of principal, our deposits, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. Collateral is not required for accounts receivable, and we believe the carrying value approximates fair value.
The following table sets forth our concentration of accounts receivable, net of specific allowances for doubtful accounts.
| June 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 |
| Customer A | 23 | % | 16 | % |
| Customer B | 15 | % | — | % |
| Customer C | — | % | 55 | % |
| Customer D | — | % | 13 | % |

Digital Assets
During the six months ended June 30, 2021, we purchased an aggregate of $ 1,497 in digital assets, and we were paid $ 69 in digital assets by various customers. Our purchases of digital assets were comprised solely of bitcoin, while payments by customers to us were made in bitcoin and ethereum. We currently account for all digital assets held as a result of these transactions as indefinite-lived intangible assets in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other. We have ownership of and control over our digital assets and we may use third-party custodial services to secure them. The digital assets are initially recorded at cost and are subsequently remeasured on the condensed consolidated balance sheet at cost, net of any impairment losses incurred since acquisition.
We determine the fair value of our digital assets on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, based on quoted prices on the active exchange(s) that we have determined is the principal market for bitcoin and ethereum (Level 1 inputs). We perform an analysis each quarter to identify whether events or changes in circumstances, principally decreases in the quoted prices on active exchanges, indicate that it is more likely than not that our digital assets are impaired. In determining if an impairment has occurred, we consider the lowest market price of one bitcoin or ethereum quoted on the active exchange since acquiring the respective digital asset. If the then current carrying value of a digital asset exceeds the fair value, an impairment loss has occurred with respect to those digital assets in the amount equal to the difference between their carrying values and the fair value.
The impaired digital assets are written down to their fair value at the time of impairment and this new cost basis will not be adjusted upward for any subsequent increase in fair value. Gains are not recorded until realized upon sale, at which point they are presented net of any impairment losses for the same digital assets held. In determining the gain or loss to be recognized upon sale, we calculate the difference between the sales price and carrying value of the digital assets sold immediately prior to sale. Impairment losses and gains or losses on sales are recognized within other expense in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Impairment loss was $ 776 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and we did not sell any digital assets during the six months ended June 30, 2021.
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Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Items subject to the use of estimates include, but are not limited to, the standalone selling price for our products and services, stock-based compensation, useful lives of long-lived assets including intangibles, fair value of intangible assets and the recoverability or impairment of tangible and intangible assets, including goodwill, reserves and certain accrued liabilities, the benefit period of deferred commissions, assumptions used in Black-Scholes valuation method, such as expected volatility, risk-free interest rate and expected dividend rate, our incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of remaining lease payments, and provision for (benefit from) income taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences could be material to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Loss per Common Share
Basic loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Restricted shares subject to repurchase provisions relating to early exercises under our 2009 Equity Incentive Plan were excluded from basic shares outstanding. Diluted loss per common share is computed by giving effect to all potential shares of common stock, including those related to our outstanding warrants and stock equity plans, to the extent dilutive. For all periods presented, these shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share of common stock because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. As a result, diluted loss per common share is the same as basic loss per common share for all periods presented.
The following table sets forth common stock equivalents that have been excluded from the computation of dilutive weighted average shares outstanding as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:
| June 30, |
| 2021 | 2020 |
| Convertible notes | 21,136 | 593,169 |
| Warrants | 5,996,112 | 3,836,112 |
| Options | 1,071,782 | 1,252,681 |
| Restricted stock units | 4,665,060 | 2,646,242 |
| Restricted shares | 574 | 1,485 |
| Total | 11,754,664 | 8,329,689 |

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
We follow the guidance in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, to account for financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. The Company uses a fair value hierarchy, which distinguishes between assumptions based on market data (observable inputs) and an entity's own assumptions (unobservable inputs). The guidance requires fair value measurements be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:
| • | Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. |
| • | Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. |
| • | Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity). |

Determining which category an asset or liability falls within the hierarchy requires significant judgment. Our financial instruments measured at fair value as of June 30, 2021 are set forth below:
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| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total |
| Assets: |
| Digital currencies | $ | 773 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 773 |
| Total | $ | 773 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 773 |
| Liabilities: |
| Warrant liability | $ | — | $ | 1,836 | $ | — | $ | 1,836 |
| Total | $ | — | $ | 1,836 | $ | — | $ | 1,836 |

Our financial instruments measured at fair value as of December 31, 2020 are set forth below:
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total |
| Liabilities: |
| Warrant liability | $ | — | $ | 1,614 | $ | — | $ | 1,614 |
| Total | $ | — | $ | 1,614 | $ | — | $ | 1,614 |

The carrying value of accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses are considered to be representative of their respective fair values because of the short-term nature of those instruments.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"). ASU 2016-13 introduces a model based on expected losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments. In addition, for available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, the losses will be recognized as allowances rather than reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. As a smaller reporting company, the standard is currently effective for us for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. We currently intend to adopt this new standard effective January 1, 2023. We currently do not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-13 to have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815 – 40), (“ASU 2020-06”). ASU 2020-06 simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts on an entity’s own equity. ASU 2020-06 is effective for smaller reporting companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on our condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
3. Revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table sets forth our net revenues by category:
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, |
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 |
| Net Revenues |
| Platform subscriptions and services | $ | 1,180 | $ | 2,023 | $ | 2,701 | $ | 4,414 |
| Application transaction | 256 | 190 | 381 | 439 |
| Net revenues | $ | 1,436 | $ | 2,213 | $ | 3,082 | $ | 4,853 |

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We generate revenue in domestic and foreign regions and attribute net revenue to individual countries based on the location of the contracting entity. We derived 99 % of our net revenues from within the United States for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, 99 % and 94 % of our net revenues were from within the United States.
The following table sets forth our concentration of revenue sources as a percentage of total net revenues.
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, |
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 |
| Customer E | — | % | 36 | % | 1 | % | 33 | % |
| Customer F | 21 | % | 13 | % | 19 | % | 12 | % |
| Customer G | 13 | % | 11 | % | 12 | % | 10 | % |
| Customer H | 6 | % | — | % | 11 | % | — | % |

Deferred Revenue
Our deferred revenue balance consisted of the following:
| June 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 |
| Current deferred revenue |
| Platform subscriptions and services revenue | $ | 1,927 | $ | 2,317 |
| Application transaction revenue | 83 | 80 |
| Total current deferred revenue | $ | 2,010 | $ | 2,397 |
| Non-current deferred revenue |
| Platform subscriptions and services revenue | $ | 1,779 | $ | 2,678 |
| Total non-current deferred revenue | $ | 1,779 | $ | 2,678 |
| Total deferred revenue | $ | 3,789 | $ | 5,075 |

Deferred revenue consists of customer billings or payments received in advance of the recognition of revenue under the arrangements with customers. We recognize deferred revenue as revenue only when revenue recognition criteria are met. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, we recognized revenue of $ 2,211 that was included in our deferred revenue balance as of December 31, 2020.
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Remaining Performance Obligations
Remaining performance obligations were $ 7,990 as of June 30, 2021, of which we expect to recognize 34 % as revenue over the next 12 months and the remainder thereafter.
PhunToken ("PHTK")
In 2019, we announced the launch of a PhunToken, which is meant to act as a medium of exchange within the Company's blockchain technology enabled rewards marketplace and data exchange (the "Token Ecosystem"). On May 11, 2021, we announced the commencement of the selling of PhunToken. PhunToken will initially be issued through a separate, wholly-owned subsidiary, Phun Token International. We follow the guidance of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, in determination the revenue recognition of our PhunToken sales. As of June 30, 2021, we sold $ 78 of PhunToken for which we received both cash and digital currency from customers. PhunToken sales are recorded within "Application transaction" revenue in the table above.
4. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash
The following table sets forth our cash and restricted cash as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:
| Cash and restricted cash | June 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 |
| Cash | $ | 2,714 | $ | 3,940 |
| Restricted cash | 91 | 91 |
| Total cash and restricted cash | $ | 2,805 | $ | 4,031 |

5. Debt
The following table sets forth our various debt obligations:
| June 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 |
| Series A Note (principal amount) | $ | — | $ | 2,481 |
| Series B Note (principal amount) | — | 3,585 |
| Paycheck Protection Program Loan | 2,850 | 2,850 |
| Convertible notes | 243 | 250 |
| Promissory notes | 905 | 905 |
| Total debt | $ | 3,998 | $ | 10,071 |
| Debt discount - warrants (2020 Convertible Notes) | — | ( 1,029 ) |
| Debt discount - issuance costs (2020 Convertible Notes) | — | ( 650 ) |
| Less: current maturities of long-term debt | ( 83 ) | ( 4,435 ) |
| Less: related-party debt | ( 195 ) | ( 195 ) |
| Long-term debt | $ | 3,720 | $ | 3,762 |

2020 Convertible Notes
On July 15, 2020, we issued a Series A Senior Convertible Note (a “Series A Note”) to an institutional investor with an initial principal amount of $ 4,320 (reflecting an original issue discount of $ 320 ) in a private placement. We repaid in full the outstanding principal balance, accrued and unpaid interest and make-whole amount on a separate senior convertible note issued on March 20, 2020 to the same investor. After the payoff of the senior convertible note and deducting transaction costs, net cash proceeds to the Company was $ 1,751 .
On the same date, we issued a Series B Senior Secured Convertible Note (a “Series B Note,” and together with the Series A Note, the “2020 Convertible Notes”) to the same investor with an initial principal amount of $ 17,280 (reflecting an
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original issue discount of $ 1,280 ). The investor paid for the Series B Note by delivering a secured promissory note (the “Investor Note”) with an initial principal amount of $ 16,000 .
We received cash under the Series B Note only upon cash repayment of the corresponding Investor Note. The investor, at its option and at any time, had the right to voluntarily prepay the Investor Note, in whole or in part. Until the Investor Note was repaid, the principal (and related original issue discount) of the Series B Note was considered to be "restricted." The Series B Note and the Investor Note were subject to the terms of a Master Netting Agreement between us and the investor. Upon repayment of the Investor Note, an equal amount of the Series B Note became "unrestricted" and recorded as debt in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
As a result of multiple offerings of sales of shares of our common stock as more fully described Note 9 below, the investor elected to require us to use forty percent ( 40 %) of the net proceeds from those offerings to satisfy obligations under the 2020 Convertible Notes. During the first quarter of 2021, we paid approximately $ 11,507 , of which $ 5,717 was recorded as a loss on extinguishment of debt.
In March 2021, the investor voluntarily prepaid an aggregate of $ 10,250 pursuant to the terms of the Investor Note. As a result, we received cash proceeds of $ 10,250 and this amount of principal of the Series B Note, along with $ 820 of original issue discount became "unrestricted" and outstanding. After the aggregate payments pursuant to the Investor Note by the investor to us, there was no balance outstanding under the Investor Note and no restricted balance under the Series B Note.
On March 25, 2021, we delivered a Company Optional Redemption Notice (as defined in the Series B Note) to the holder of our Series B Note exercising our right to redeem and fully satisfy all obligations under the Series B Note on April 5, 2021. On April 5, 2021, we paid $ 13,902 in cash to the noteholder of our 2020 Convertible Notes in full satisfaction of all obligations under our Series B Note, which amounted to $ 11,718 of principal, interest and make-whole and $ 2,184 for the loss on extinguishment of debt.
During the six months ended June 30, 2021, we also recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $ 51 related to monthly installment payments made to the investor.
Warrant
In addition to the 2020 Convertible Notes, we issued a warrant exercisable for 3 years for the purchase of an aggregate of up to 2,160,000 shares of the Company's common stock, with a current exercise price of $ 2.25 per share, which decreased from $ 4.00 in February 2021 as a result of our underwritten public offering. The number of shares and exercise price are each subject to adjustment provided under the warrant. If, at the time of exercise of the warrant, there is no effective registration statement registering, or no current prospectus available for, the issuance of the shares, then the warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part, by means of a “cashless exercise.” The registration statement registering the shares of our common stock issuable pursuant to the terms of the warrant was declared effective by the SEC on October 27, 2020. The warrant may not be exercised if, after giving effect to the exercise, the investor would beneficially own amounts in excess of those permissible under the terms of the warrant.
Upon issuance of the warrant, we recorded a warrant liability as a discount to the 2020 Convertible Notes. We revalued the warrant as of June 30, 2021, and accordingly we recorded the change in the fair value of the warrant liability for the reporting period. The following table sets forth the assumptions used to calculate the fair value of our warrant liability at the respective dates:
| June 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 |
| Strike price per share | $ | 2.25 | $ | 4.00 |
| Closing price per share | $ | 1.39 | $ | 1.26 |
| Term (years) | 2.04 | 2.53 |
| Volatility | 142 | % | 146 | % |
| Risk-free rate | 0.17 | % | 0.17 | % |
| Dividend Yield | — | — |

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Participation Rights
In addition, the Company granted the 2020 Convertible Notes investor participation rights in future equity and equity-linked offerings of securities, subject to certain limited exceptions, during the two years after the later of (a) the closing or (b) the date the 2020 Convertible Notes no longer remains outstanding, in an amount of up to 30 % of the securities being sold in such offerings.
Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") Loan
On April 10, 2020, we received loan proceeds in the amount of $ 2,850 from JPMorgan Chase, N.A. pursuant to the PPP under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act"), which was enacted on March 27, 2020. The loan, which was in the form of a note dated April 9, 2020, matures on April 9, 2022 and bears interest at a rate of 0.98 % per annum. The Paycheck Protection Flexibility Act of 2020, extended the deferral period for loan payments to either (i) the date that the Small Business Administration ("SBA") remits the borrower’s loan forgiveness amount to the lender or (ii) if the borrower does not apply for loan forgiveness, ten months after the end of the borrower’s loan forgiveness covered period. The note may be prepaid by us at any time prior to the maturity with no prepayment penalties.
The principal amount of our PPP loan is subject to forgiveness under the PPP. On July 7, 2021, we submitted our request to the SBA to forgive the full principal amount of the loan. The SBA is currently reviewing our forgiveness application. Although we currently anticipate the loan to be forgiven, there can be no assurance that any part of the PPP loan will be forgiven.
Convertible Notes
In April 2019, our board of directors authorized the issuance of $ 20,000 of convertible promissory notes (the “Convertible Notes”). The Convertible Notes bear ordinary interest at a rate of 7 % per annum. Interest under the Convertible Notes is payable quarterly beginning on September 30, 2019, and interest and principal under the Convertible Notes is payable monthly beginning on June 30, 2021. The Convertible Notes are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at a price of $ 11.50 per share and mature on June 3, 2024. Additional information about our Convertible Notes is included in Note 8, "Debt" of the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Promissory Notes
In October 2019, our board of directors authorized the issuance of $ 20,000 of promissory notes (the “Notes”). The Notes bear ordinary interest at a rate of 10 % per annum. Interest under the Notes is payable monthly beginning on November 30, 2019. During the term of the Notes, we are required to maintain a restricted bank account with a minimum balance of one year of interest payments on the aggregate principal balance of all Notes, which will be available for use exclusively to satisfy any payments owed by the Company under the Notes. The principal and unpaid accrued interest on the Notes will be due and payable on demand by the majority Note holders on or after the date that is 60 months following November 15, 2019. Additional information about our Notes is included in Note 8, "Debt" of the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.
During 2019, we issued a Note in the principal amount of $ 195 , in exchange for cash consideration, to Cane Capital, LLC, an entity owned in part by Alan S. Knitowski, our Chief Executive Officer and a member of our board of directors.
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Interest Expense
The following table sets forth interest expense for our various debt obligations included on the condensed consolidated statements of operations:
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, |
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 |
| 2020 Convertible Notes | $ | 659 | $ | — | $ | 1,111 | $ | — |
| Accretion of debt discount - issuance costs | 1,121 | 164 | 1,741 | 176 |
| Accretion of debt discount - warrants | — | — | 1,029 | — |
| All other debt and financing obligations | 65 | 296 | 183 | 385 |
| Total | $ | 1,845 | $ | 460 | $ | 4,064 | $ | 561 |

6. Leases
As described in Note 2, we adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) as of January 1, 2021. We lease our corporate offices under operating leases and determine if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception. The initial terms of our real property lease agreements are generally five years and typically allow for renewals in five-year increments. We may, at times, negotiate a shorter lease renewal term. We generally do not account for any renewals at the lease adoption date. We maintain four corporate offices located in Austin, Texas; Irvine, California; San Diego, California; and Miami, Florida. As of June 30, 2021, the earliest of our lease agreements currently ends in March 2022 with the latest terminating in June 2025. Some of our leases include both lease and non-lease components, which we have elected not to account for separately. Lease components generally include rent, taxes and insurance, while non-lease components generally include common area or other maintenance.
The weighted-average remaining lease term for operating leases as of June 30, 2021 was 3.36 years. As our leases generally do not include an implicit rate, we compute our incremental borrowing rate based on information available at the lease commencement date applying a rate to each lease. We used incremental borrowing rates that match the duration of the remaining lease terms of our operating leases on a fully collateralized basis upon adoption as of January 1, 2021 to initially measure our lease liability. The weighted average incremental borrowing rate used to measure our lease liability was 19.13 %.
We recognize lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term with variable lease expense recognized in the period in which the costs are incurred. The components of lease expense are included in general and administrative expense in our condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Lease expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 was $ 209 and $ 421 , respectively.
Future minimum lease obligations are set forth below:
| Future minimum lease obligations years ending December 31, | LeaseObligations |
| 2021 (Remainder) | $ | 425 |
| 2022 | 725 |
| 2023 | 622 |
| 2024 | 609 |
| 2025 | 210 |
| Thereafter | — |
| $ | 2,591 |
| Less: Portion representing interest | ( 732 ) |
| $ | 1,859 |

On March 16, 2021, we entered into a sublease agreement pursuant to which we will sublease our existing office space in Irvine, California. The term of the sublease commenced on April 1, 2021 and terminates on March 31, 2025. The subtenant will pay us initial base rent of approximately $ 17 per month, which is subject to certain discounts throughout the sublease, as
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well as rent escalations. We recognized an impairment of our right-to-use asset related to the sublease of $ 77 , which is recorded in other expense in our condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the six months ended months ended June 30, 2021.
7. Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
There have been no changes to the disclosure related to our settlements with Uber Technologies, Inc. and Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP, as well as, the dismissal of claims brought by Sha-Poppin Gourmet Popcorn, LLC since the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K. See Note 9, "Commitments and Contingencies" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 31, 2021 for further information on the these matters.
On December 17, 2019, certain stockholders filed a lawsuit against Phunware and its individual officers and directors. The case, captioned Wild Basin Investments, LLC, et al. v. Phunware, Inc., et al., was filed in the 126th Judicial District Court of Travis County, Texas (Cause No. D-1-GN-19-008846). Plaintiffs alleged that they invested in various early rounds of financing while the Company was private and that Phunware should not have subjected their shares to a 180 -day “lock up” period. Plaintiffs also allege that Phunware’s stock price dropped significantly during the lock up period and seek unspecified damages, costs, and professional fees. On June 23, 2021, Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the petition based on the mandatory forum-selection clause in Phunware’s Articles of Incorporation, which require Plaintiffs’ claims to be filed in Delaware Chancery Court. We intend to vigorously defend against the lawsuit. We have not recorded an expense related to this matter because any potential loss is not currently probable or reasonably estimable. Additionally, we cannot presently estimate the range of loss, if any, that may result from the matter. It is possible that the ultimate resolution of the foregoing matter, or other similar matters, if resolved in a manner unfavorable to us, may be materially adverse to our business, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
On March 30, 2021, Phunware filed an action against its former counsel Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, PC (“WSGR”). The matter is Phunware, Inc., v. Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, Professional Corporation, Does 1-25, Case No. 21CV381517, filed in the Superior Court of the State of California for the County of Santa Clara. The complaint alleges a single cause of action for negligence related to services provided by WSGR to Phunware. On July 30, 2021, we filed a second action against WSGR in the Superior Court of the State of California for the County of Santa Clara. As of August 10, 2021, the Court was processing the filing to issue a case number. The second complaint alleges causes of action for negligence, breach of fiduciary duty, and negligent misrepresentation related to services provided by WSGR to Phunware. We’re seeking compensatory and consequential damages, attorney’s fees and costs, interest and other relief the Court deems just and proper. The case is in the early stages of litigation; the outcome is not certain.
From time to time, we are and may become involved in various legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business. The outcomes of our legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable, subject to significant uncertainties, and could be material to our operating results and cash flows for a particular reporting period. In addition, for the matters disclosed above that do not include an estimate of the amount of loss or range of losses, such an estimate is not possible, and we may be unable to estimate the possible loss or range of losses that could potentially result from the application of non-monetary remedies.
8. PhunCoin
During 2018 and 2019, PhunCoin, Inc., our wholly-owned subsidiary, launched offerings of rights to acquire a token denominated as "PhunCoin" (the "Rights"). PhunCoin, Inc. accepts payment in the form of cash and digital currencies for purchases of the Rights. The amount of PhunCoin to be issued to the purchaser is equal to the dollar amount paid by the purchaser divided by the price of PhunCoin at the time of issuance of PhunCoin during the launch of the Token Ecosystem (as defined below) before taking into consideration an applicable discount rate, which is based on the time of the purchase.
Through June 30, 2021, we received aggregate net cash proceeds from our Rights offerings of $ 1,202 . Proceeds from the Rights are recorded as PhunCoin deposits in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
PhunCoin is expected to be issued to Rights holders the earlier of (i) the launch of the token ecosystem (or "Token Generation Event"), (ii) one ( 1 ) year after the issuance of the Rights to the purchaser or (iii) the date PhunCoin, Inc. determines that it has the ability to enforce resale restrictions with respect to PhunCoin pursuant to applicable federal securities laws. Proceeds from the Rights offering are generally not refundable if the Token Generation Event is not consummated. We currently anticipate that PhunCoin will be issued to the holders of the Rights in 2021; however, there can be no assurance as to when or if we will be able to successfully launch the Token Ecosystem.
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Additional information about PhunCoin is included in Note 10, "PhunCoin and PhunToken" of the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.
9. Stockholders’ Equity
Common Stock
Total common stock authorized to be issued as of June 30, 2021 was 1,000,000,000 shares, with a par value of $ 0.0001 per share. At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were 72,742,689 and 56,380,111 shares of our common stock outstanding, respectively, inclusive of 574 restricted shares subject to repurchase for unvested shares related to early option exercises under the Company’s stock equity plans.
On August 14, 2020, we entered into an At-The-Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Ascendiant Capital Markets, LLC (“Ascendiant”), as sales agent, pursuant to which the Company would offer and sell, from time to time, through Ascendiant shares of common stock for an aggregate offering price of up to $ 15,000 . In January 2021, 2,670,121 shares of our common stock were sold for aggregate net cash proceeds of $ 5,058 . Transaction costs were $ 156 . We terminated the Sales Agreement with Ascendiant effective as of March 28, 2021.
In February 2021, we entered into an underwriting agreement with Northland Securities, Inc. and Roth Capital Partners, LLC, relating to an underwritten public offering to which we issued 11,761,111 shares of our common stock at an offering price of $ 2.25 per share. Aggregate cash proceeds at closing, net of transaction costs of $ 1,740 , totaled $ 24,722 . We incurred additional transaction costs paid outside of closing of $ 75 .
On April 7, 2021, we entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement with B. Riley Securities, Inc. ("B. Riley"), pursuant to which we may offer and sell, from time to time, shares of our common stock through or to B. Riley, for an aggregate offering price of up to $ 25,000 . We pay B. Riley a commission of 3 % of the gross proceeds of the sales price per share for sales of our common stock sold through or to B. Riley. The sales agreement with B. Riley will terminate the earlier of (i) the sale of all shares of our common stock permitted under the sales agreement; (ii) the date we or B. Riley elect to terminate by giving the other party five days ' notice to the other party; and (iii) the exercise of any other termination right permitted therein. We are not obligated to sell shares under the sales agreement with B. Riley. As of June 30, 2021, 691,584 shares of our common stock has been sold and we have received aggregate net cash proceeds of $ 979 , of which $ 112 had been received by us in cash as of June 30, 2021. We received the balance subsequent to the end of the quarter, and accordingly, we recorded $ 867 in prepaid expenses and other current assets as of June 30, 2021. Transaction costs were $ 30 . We also incurred additional transaction costs paid outside of closing of $ 147 .
Warrants
| Warrant Type | Cash ExercisePrice pershare | Warrants Outstanding |
| 2020 Convertible Note warrants | $ | 2.25 | 2,160,000 |
| Common stock warrant (Series D-1) | $ | 5.54 | 14,866 |
| Common stock warrants (Series F) | $ | 9.22 | 377,402 |
| Public Warrants (PHUNW) | $ | 11.50 | 1,761,291 |
| Private Placement Warrants | $ | 11.50 | 1,658,381 |
| Unit Purchase Option Warrants | $ | 11.50 | 24,172 |
| Total | 5,996,112 |

10. Stock-Based Compensation
2018 Equity Incentive Plan
In 2018, our board of directors adopted, and our stockholders approved, our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”). The purposes of the 2018 Plan are to attract and retain the best available personnel for positions of substantial
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responsibility, to provide additional incentives to employees, directors and consultants who perform services to the Company, and to promote the success of our business. These incentives are provided through the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance units and performance shares.
The number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2018 Plan will also include an annual increase on the first day of each fiscal year, equal to the lesser of: (i) 10 % of the post-closing outstanding shares of common stock; (ii) 5 % of the outstanding shares of common stock on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year; or (iii) such other amount as our board of directors may determine.
In addition, the shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2018 Plan also will include any shares of common stock subject to stock options, restricted stock units or similar awards granted under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2009 Plan”), that, on or after the adoption of the 2018 Plan, expire or otherwise terminate without having been exercised in full and shares of common stock issued pursuant to awards granted under the 2009 Plan that are forfeited to or repurchased by us. As of June 30, 2021, the maximum number of shares of common stock that may be added to the 2018 Plan pursuant to the foregoing is 1,072,356 .
As of June 30, 2021, restricted stock units have been the only stock-based incentives granted under the 2018 Plan. A summary of our restricted stock unit activity under the 2018 Plan for the six months ended June 30, 2021 is set forth below:
| Shares | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |
| Outstanding as of December 31, 2020 | 1,677,060 | $ | 1.41 |
| Granted | 4,292,176 | 1.87 |
| Released | ( 1,109,661 ) | 1.48 |
| Forfeited | ( 194,515 ) | 1.43 |
| Outstanding as of June 30, 2021 | 4,665,060 | $ | 1.82 |

Not including the maximum number of shares from the 2009 Plan that may be added to the 2018 Plan noted above, the 2018 Plan had 1,190,332 and 2,551,720 shares of common stock reserved for future issuances as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
During the first quarter of 2021, we granted 3,488,262 restricted stock unit awards to team members with an average grant date fair value of $ 2.03 per share. The awards granted to team members vest over range of 10 to 51 months with various installment and vesting dates, and are subject to service conditions. We also granted 652,170 restricted stock units to non-employee directors, each with a grant date fair value of $ 1.22 . The awards vest in four equal installments on March 4, 2021, June 4, 2021, September 4, 2021, and December 4, 2021, respectively, and are subject to service conditions. We also granted 97,744 restricted stock units to non-employee directors, with a grant date fair value of $ 1.22 per share in lieu of cash compensation board fees for services provided. These awards vested immediately.
During the second quarter of 2021, we granted 54,000 restricted stock unit awards to team members with an average grant date fair value of $ 1.23 per share. The awards granted to team members vest over range of 47 months with various installment and vesting dates, and are subject to service conditions.
The restricted stock unit grants were valued based on the fair value of our common stock on the date of grant.
2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Also, in 2018, our board of directors adopted, and our stockholders approved, the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2018 ESPP”). The total shares of common stock initially reserved under the 2018 ESPP is limited to 272,942 shares. The purpose of the 2018 ESPP is to provide eligible employees with an opportunity to purchase shares of our common stock at a discount through accumulated contributions generally in the form of payroll deductions of up to 15 % of eligible compensation, subject to caps of $ 25,000 in any calendar year and 4,000 shares on any purchase date. The 2018 ESPP provides for 24 -month offering periods, generally beginning in December and June of each year, and each offering period consists of four six-month purchase periods. The initial offering period began on June 1, 2021 and will end in May 2023. The first purchase under the 2018 ESPP will be in December 2021. Participation ends automatically upon termination of employment with the Company.
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On each purchase date, participating employees will purchase shares of our common stock at price per share equal to 85 % of the lesser of the fair market value of our common stock on (i) the first trading day of the applicable offering period and (ii) the last trading day of each purchase period in the applicable offering period. If the price per share of our common stock on any purchase date in the offering period is lower than the stock price on the enrollment date of that offering period, the offering period will immediately reset after the purchase of shares on such purchase date and automatically roll into a new offering period.
We use a Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of shares to be purchased under the 2018 ESPP. Stock-based compensation expense related to our 2018 ESPP for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 was not significant.
The number of shares of common stock that may be made available for sale under the 2018 ESPP also includes an annual increase on the first day of each fiscal year beginning for the fiscal year following the fiscal year in which the first enrollment date occurs equal to the lesser of (i) 3 % of the expected post-closing outstanding shares of common stock; (ii) 1.5 % of the outstanding shares of common stock on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year; or such other amount as our board or compensation committee may determine. The first annual increase pursuant to the above will occur on January 1, 2022.
2009 Equity Incentive Plan
In 2009, we adopted the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2009 Plan”), which allowed for the granting of incentive and non-statutory stock options, as defined by the Internal Revenue Code, to employees, directors, and consultants. The 2009 Plan allows for options to be immediately exercisable, subject to the Company’s right of repurchase for unvested shares at the original exercise price. The total amount received in exchange for these shares has been included in accrued expenses on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and is reclassified to equity as the shares vest. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, 574 shares were unvested amounting to $ 1 in accrued expenses. Effective with the adoption of the 2018 Plan, no additional grants will be made under the 2009 Plan.
A summary of our option activity under the 2009 Plan and related information is as follows:
| Number of Shares | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted AverageRemaining Contractual Term(years) | Aggregate Intrinsic Value |
| Outstanding as of December 31, 2020 | 1,208,740 | $ | 0.80 | 6.19 | $ | 700 |
| Granted | — | — |
| Exercised | ( 130,101 ) | 0.55 |
| Forfeited | ( 6,857 ) | 2.08 |
| Outstanding as of June 30, 2021 | 1,071,782 | $ | 0.82 | 6.12 | $ | 728 |
| Exercisable as of June 30, 2021 | 999,508 | $ | 0.79 | 6.09 | $ | 695 |

For the six months ended June 30, 2021, the aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised was $ 224 and the total fair value of options vested was $ 35 .
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Stock-Based Compensation
Compensation costs that have been included in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for all stock-based compensation arrangements is set forth below:
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, |
| Stock-based compensation | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 |
| Cost of revenues | $ | 323 | $ | 62 | $ | 532 | $ | 113 |
| Sales and marketing | 129 | 22 | 231 | 29 |
| General and administrative | 709 | 1,039 | 1,334 | 1,638 |
| Research and development | 222 | ( 8 ) | 341 | ( 30 ) |
| Total stock-based compensation | $ | 1,383 | $ | 1,115 | $ | 2,438 | $ | 1,750 |

We recognize forfeitures as they occur. As of June 30, 2021, the unamortized fair value of the restricted stock units under the 2018 Plan was approximately $ 7,267 . The weighted-average remaining recognition period over which these costs will be amortized was approximately 2.5 years. Unrecognized stock compensation expense for options granted under the 2009 Plan was $ 47 as of June 30, 2021.
11. Domestic and Foreign Operations
Identifiable long-lived assets attributed to the United States and international geographies are based upon the country in which the asset is located or owned. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, all of our identifiable long-lived assets were in the United States.
12. Related-Party Transactions
Accounts Payable
There are $ 255 included in accounts payables in our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 for Nautilus Energy Management Corporation, an affiliate of a current member and former member of our board of directors.
Debt
As more fully discussed in Note 5, Debt , the Company entered into a Note (defined above) with a certain related party.
13. Subsequent Events
We have evaluated subsequent events through the date the financial statements were issued.
Through August 13, 2021, we sold an additional 1,691,572 shares of our common stock pursuant to the terms of our at-the-market offering with B. Riley. Aggregate net cash proceeds were $ 1,832 and transaction costs were $ 57 .
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
References in this section to “we,” “us,” "our," or “the Company” refer to Phunware. References to “management” or “management team” refer to Phunware’s officers and directors.
The following discussion and analysis of Phunware’s financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with Phunware’s condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes to those statements presented in “Part I – Item 1. Financial Statements.” In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Phunware’s actual results and timing of selected events may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Report.
Certain figures, such as interest rates and other percentages, included in this section have been rounded for ease of presentation. Percentage figures included in this section have not in all cases been calculated on the basis of such rounded figures but on the basis of such amounts prior to rounding. For this reason, percentage amounts in this section may vary slightly from those obtained by performing the same calculations using the figures in our condensed consolidated financial statements or in the associated text. Certain other amounts that appear in this section may similarly not sum due to rounding.
Overview
Phunware, Inc. offers a fully integrated software platform that equips companies with the products, solutions and services necessary to engage, manage and monetize their mobile application portfolios globally at scale. Our Multiscreen-as-a-Service ("MaaS") platform provides the entire mobile lifecycle of applications, media and data in one login through one procurement relationship. Our offerings include:
| •Enterprise mobile software development kits (SDKs) including content management, location-based services, marketing automation, business intelligence and analytics, alerts, notifications and messaging, audience engagement, and audience monetization; |
| •Integration of our SDK licenses into existing applications maintained by our customers, as well as custom application development and support services; |
| •Cloud-based vertical solutions, which are off-the-shelf, iOS- and Android-based mobile application portfolios, solutions and services that address: the patient experience for healthcare, the shopper experience for retail, the fan experience for sports, the traveler experience for aviation, the luxury resident experience for real estate, the luxury guest experience for hospitality, the student experience for education and the generic user experience for all other verticals and applications; and |
| •Application transactions for mobile audience building, user acquisition, application discovery, audience engagement and audience monetization. |

We intend to continue investing for long-term growth. We have invested and expect to continue investing in expanding our ability to market, sell and provide our current and future products and services to customers globally. We also expect to continue investing in the development and improvement of new and existing products and services to address customers' needs. We currently do not expect to be profitable in the near future.
Key Business Metrics
Our management regularly monitors certain financial measures to track the progress of our business against internal goals and targets. We believe that the most important of these measures include backlog and deferred revenue.
Backlog and Deferred Revenue. Backlog represents future amounts to be invoiced under our current agreements. At any point in the contract term, there can be amounts that we have not yet been contractually able to invoice. Until such time as these amounts are invoiced, they are not recorded in revenues, deferred revenue, accounts receivable or elsewhere in our condensed consolidated financial statements, and are considered by us to be backlog. We expect backlog to fluctuate up or down from period to period for several reasons, including the timing and duration of customer contracts, varying billing cycles and the timing and duration of customer renewals. We reasonably expect approximately 40% of our backlog as of June 30, 2021 will be invoiced during the subsequent 12-month period, primarily due to the fact that our contracts are typically one to three years in length.
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In addition, our deferred revenue consists of amounts that have been invoiced but that have not yet been recognized as revenues as of the end of a reporting period. Together, the sum of deferred revenue and backlog represents the total billed and unbilled contract value yet to be recognized in revenues, and provides visibility into future revenue streams.
The following table sets forth our backlog and deferred revenue:
| June 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 |
| (in thousands) |
| Backlog | $ | 4,173 | $ | 3,991 |
| Deferred revenue | 3,789 | 5,075 |
| Total backlog and deferred revenue | $ | 7,962 | $ | 9,066 |

Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Adjusted Gross Profit, Adjusted Gross Margin and Adjusted EBITDA
We report our financial results in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). We also use certain non-GAAP financial measures that fall within the meaning of Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation G and Regulation S-K Item 10(e), which may provide users of the financial information with additional meaningful comparison to prior period results. Our non-GAAP financial measures include adjusted gross profit, adjusted gross margin and adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") (our "non-GAAP financial measures"). Management uses these measures (i) to compare operating performance on a consistent basis, (ii) to calculate incentive compensation for its employees, (iii) for planning purposes including the preparation of its internal annual operating budget and (iv) to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of operational strategies.
Our non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. They are not measurements of our financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered as alternatives to revenue or net loss, as applicable, or any other performance measures derived in accordance with GAAP and may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other businesses. Our non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our operating results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations include:
| •Non-cash compensation is and will remain a key element of our overall long-term incentive compensation package, although we exclude it as an expense when evaluating our ongoing operating performance for a particular period; |
| •Our non-GAAP financial measures do not reflect the impact of certain cash charges resulting from matters we consider not to be indicative of ongoing operations, and; |
| •Other companies in our industry may calculate our non-GAAP financial measures differently than we do, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures. |

We compensate for these limitations to our non-GAAP financial measures by relying primarily on our GAAP results and using our non-GAAP financial measures only for supplemental purposes. Our non-GAAP financial measures include adjustments for items that may not occur in future periods. However, we believe these adjustments are appropriate because the amounts recognized can vary significantly from period to period, do not directly relate to the ongoing operations of our business and complicate comparisons of our internal operating results and operating results of other peer companies over time. For example, it is useful to exclude non-cash, stock-based compensation expenses because the amount of such expenses in any specific period may not directly correlate to the underlying performance of our business operations and these expenses can vary significantly across periods due to timing of new stock-based awards. We may also exclude certain discrete, unusual, one-time, or non-cash costs in order to facilitate a more useful period-over-period comparison of its financial performance. Each of the normal recurring adjustments and other adjustments described in this paragraph help management with a measure of our operating performance over time by removing items that are not related to day-to-day operations or are non-cash expenses.
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The following table sets forth the non-GAAP financial measures we monitor.
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 |
| Adjusted gross profit (1) | $ | 638 | $ | 1,513 | 1,805 | 3,120 |
| Adjusted gross margin (1) | 44.4 | % | 68.4 | % | 58.6 | % | 64.3 | % |
| Adjusted EBITDA (2) | $ | (2,743) | $ | (1,817) | $ | (5,146) | $ | (4,994) |

(1)Adjusted gross profit and adjusted gross margin are non-GAAP financial measures. We believe that adjusted gross profit and adjusted gross margin provide supplemental information with respect to gross profit and gross margin regarding ongoing performance. We define adjusted gross profit as net revenues less cost of revenue, adjusted to exclude one-time revenue adjustments, stock-based compensation and amortization of intangible assets. We define adjusted gross margin as adjusted gross profit as a percentage of net revenues.
(2)Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure. We believe Adjusted EBITDA provides helpful information with respect to operating performance as viewed by management, including a view of our business that is not dependent on (i) the impact of our capitalization structure and (ii) items that are not part of day-to-day operations. We define adjusted EBITDA as net loss plus (i) interest expense, (ii) income tax expense, (iii) depreciation, (iv) amortization, and further adjusted for (v) non-cash impairment and valuation adjustments and (vi) stock-based compensation expense.
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The following tables set forth a reconciliation of the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to each of the non-GAAP financial measures discussed above.
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 |
| Gross profit | $ | 312 | $ | 1,445 | $ | 1,266 | $ | 2,994 |
| Add back: Amortization of intangibles | 3 | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| Add back: Stock-based compensation | 323 | 62 | 532 | 113 |
| Adjusted gross profit | $ | 638 | $ | 1,513 | $ | 1,805 | $ | 3,120 |
| Adjusted gross margin | 44.4 | % | 68.4 | % | 58.6 | % | 64.3 | % |

| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, |
| (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 |
| Net loss | $ | (8,293) | $ | (3,511) | $ | (20,656) | $ | (7,474) |
| Add back: Depreciation and amortization | 25 | 38 | 58 | 88 |
| Add back: Interest expense | 1,845 | 460 | 4,064 | 561 |
| EBITDA | (6,423) | (3,013) | (16,534) | (6,825) |
| Add back: Stock-based compensation | 1,383 | 1,115 | 2,438 | 1,750 |
| Add back: Loss on extinguishment of debt | 2,184 | 81 | 7,952 | 81 |
| Add back: Impairment of digital currencies | 776 | — | 776 | — |
| (Less) Add back: (Gain) Loss on change in fair value of warrant liability | (663) | — | 222 | — |
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | (2,743) | $ | (1,817) | $ | (5,146) | $ | (4,994) |

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Components of Results of Operations
Revenue and Gross Profit
There are a number of factors that impact the revenue and margin profile of the services and technology offerings we provide, including, but not limited to, solution and technology complexity, technical expertise requiring the combination of products and types of services provided, as well as other elements that may be specific to a particular client solution.
Platform Subscriptions and Services Revenue. Subscription revenue is derived from software license fees, which comprise subscription fees from customers licensing our Software Development Kits (SDKs), that includes accessing the MaaS platform; application development service revenue from the development of customer applications, or apps, built and delivered to customers; and support fees.
Subscription revenue from SDK licenses gives the customer the right to access our MaaS platform. Application development revenue is derived from development services around designing and building new applications or enhancing existing applications. Support revenue is comprised of support and maintenance fees of customer applications, software updates and technical support for application development services for a support term.
From time to time, we also provide professional services by outsourcing employees’ time and materials to customers.
Platform subscriptions and services gross profit is equal to subscriptions and services revenue less the cost of personnel and related costs for our support and professional services employees, external consultants, stock-based compensation and allocated overhead. Costs associated with our development and project management teams are generally recognized as incurred. Costs directly attributable to the development or support of applications relating to platform subscription customers are included in cost of sales, whereas costs related to the ongoing development and maintenance of Phunware’s MaaS platform are expensed in research and development. As a result, platform subscriptions and services gross profit may fluctuate from period to period.
Application Transaction Revenue. We also generate revenue by charging advertisers to deliver advertisements (ads) to users of mobile connected devices. Depending on the specific terms of each advertising contract, we generally recognize revenue based on the activity of mobile users viewing these ads. Fees from advertisers are commonly based on the number of ads delivered or views or clicks by users on mobile advertisements delivered, and we recognize revenue at the time the user views or clicks on the ad. We sell our ads by cost per thousand impressions and cost per click.
Application transaction gross profit is equal to application transaction revenue less cost of revenue associated with application transactions. Application transaction gross profit is impacted by the cost of advertising traffic we pay to our suppliers and amount of traffic which we can purchase from those suppliers. As a result, our application transaction gross profit may fluctuate from period to period due to variable costs of advertising traffic.
Gross Margin
Gross margin measures gross profit as a percentage of revenue. Gross margin is generally impacted by the same factors that affect changes in the mix of subscriptions and services and application transactions.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses include sales and marketing expenses, general and administrative expenses, research and development expenses, depreciation and amortization of acquired intangible assets. Personnel costs are the most significant component of operating expenses and consist of salaries, benefits, bonuses, stock-based compensation and, in sales and marketing expense, commissions. Legal settlements pertaining to litigation brought as a result of the Company's operations is also included in operating expenses.
Sales and Marketing Expense. Sales and marketing expense is comprised of compensation, commission expense, variable incentive pay and benefits related to sales personnel, along with travel expenses, other employee related costs, including stock-based compensation and expenses related to marketing programs and promotional activities. We expect our sales and marketing expense will increase in absolute dollars as we increase our sales and marketing organizations as we plan to increase revenue but may fluctuate as a percentage of our total revenue from period to period.
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General and Administrative Expense. General and administrative expense is comprised of compensation and benefits of administrative personnel, including variable incentive pay and stock-based compensation, bad debt expenses and other administrative costs such as facilities expenses, professional fees and travel expenses. We expect to incur additional general and administrative expenses as a result of operating as a public company, including expenses related to compliance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and listing standards of Nasdaq, additional insurance expenses, investor relations activities and other administrative and professional services. We also expect to increase the size of our general and administrative function to support the growth of our business. As a result, we expect that our general and administrative expenses will increase in absolute dollars but may fluctuate as a percentage of our total revenue from period to period.
Research and Development Expense. Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee compensation costs and overhead allocation. We believe that continued investment in our platform is important for our growth. As a result, we expect our research and development expenses will increase in absolute dollars as our business grows but may fluctuate as a percentage of revenue from period to period.
Interest Expense
Interest expense includes interest related to our outstanding debt, including amortization of discounts and deferred issuance costs.
Refer to Note 5 "Debt" in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information on our debt offerings.
We also may seek additional debt financings to fund the expansion of our business or to finance strategic acquisitions in the future, which may have an impact on our interest expense.
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Results of Operations
Net Revenues
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Change |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | 2021 | 2020 | Amount | % |
| Net Revenues |
| Platform subscriptions and services | $ | 1,180 | $ | 2,023 | $ | (843) | (41.7) | % |
| Application transaction | 256 | 190 | 66 | 34.7 | % |
| Net revenues | $ | 1,436 | $ | 2,213 | $ | (777) | (35.1) | % |
| Platform subscriptions and services as a percentage of net revenues | 82.2 | % | 91.4 | % |
| Application transactions as a percentage of net revenues | 17.8 | % | 8.6 | % |

| Six Months Ended June 30, | Change |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | 2021 | 2020 | Amount | % |
| Net Revenues |
| Platform subscriptions and services | $ | 2,701 | $ | 4,414 | $ | (1,713) | (38.8) | % |
| Application transaction | 381 | 439 | (58) | (13.2) | % |
| Net revenues | $ | 3,082 | $ | 4,853 | $ | (1,771) | (36.5) | % |
| Platform subscriptions and services as a percentage of net revenues | 87.6 | % | 91.0 | % |
| Application transactions as a percentage of net revenues | 12.4 | % | 9.0 | % |

Net revenues decreased $0.8 million, or 35.1%, for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the corresponding period in 2020.
Platform subscriptions and services revenue decreased $0.8 million, or 41.7%. Greater revenues derived in 2020 were primarily driven by development, licensing and support services provided to a customer during 2020. This customer is identified as "Customer E" in Note 3, Revenue in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.
Application transaction revenue increased $0.1 million, or 34.7%, for the three months ended June 30, 2021, compared to the corresponding period in 2020, primarily due to PhunToken sales.
Net revenues decreased $1.8 million, or 36.5%, for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the corresponding period in 2020.
Platform subscriptions and services revenue decreased $1.7 million, or 38.8%. Greater revenues derived in 2020 were primarily driven by development, licensing and support services provided to a customer during 2020. This customer is identified as "Customer E" in Note 3, Revenue in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.
Application transaction revenue decreased $0.1 million, or 13.2%, for the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to the corresponding period in 2020, primarily due to a decrease in app store revenue. This decrease was partially offset by PhunToken sales.
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Cost of Revenues, Gross Profit and Gross Margin
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Change |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | 2021 | 2020 | Amount | % |
| Cost of Revenues |
| Platform subscriptions and services | $ | 1,078 | $ | 749 | $ | 329 | 43.9 | % |
| Application transaction | 46 | 19 | 27 | 142.1 | % |
| Total cost of revenues | $ | 1,124 | $ | 768 | $ | 356 | 46.4 | % |
| Gross Profit |
| Platform subscriptions and services | 102 | $ | 1,274 | $ | (1,172) | (92.0) | % |
| Application transaction | 210 | 171 | 39 | 22.8 | % |
| Total gross profit | $ | 312 | $ | 1,445 | $ | (1,133) | (78.4) | % |
| Gross Margin |
| Platform subscriptions and services | 8.6 | % | 63.0 | % |
| Application transaction | 82.0 | % | 90.0 | % |
| Total gross margin | 21.7 | % | 65.3 | % |

| Six Months Ended June 30, | Change |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | 2021 | 2020 | Amount | % |
| Cost of Revenues |
| Platform subscriptions and services | $ | 1,726 | $ | 1,795 | $ | (69) | (3.8) | % |
| Application transaction | 90 | 64 | 26 | 40.6 | % |
| Total cost of revenues | $ | 1,816 | $ | 1,859 | $ | (43) | (2.3) | % |
| Gross Profit |
| Platform subscriptions and services | $ | 975 | $ | 2,619 | $ | (1,644) | (62.8) | % |
| Application transaction | 291 | 375 | (84) | (22.4) | % |
| Total gross profit | $ | 1,266 | $ | 2,994 | $ | (1,728) | (57.7) | % |
| Gross Margin |
| Platform subscriptions and services | 36.1 | % | 59.3 | % |
| Application transaction | 76.4 | % | 85.4 | % |
| Total gross margin | 41.1 | % | 61.7 | % |

Total gross profit decreased $1.1 million, or 78.4% and $1.7 million, or 57.7% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, when compared to the corresponding period of 2020. In addition to the revenue items described above, we recorded approximately $0.5 million in labor costs during the second quarter of 2021 related to a customer project, for which we have yet to deliver against. We expect to fulfill at least some of the performance obligations against this contract the third quarter of 2021. Furthermore, stock-based compensation increased $0.2 million and $0.4 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively.
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Operating Expenses
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Change |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | 2021 | 2020 | Amount | % |
| Operating expenses |
| Sales and marketing | $ | 639 | $ | 277 | $ | 362 | 130.7 | % |
| General and administrative | 3,021 | 3,760 | (739) | (19.7) | % |
| Research and development | 846 | 378 | 468 | 123.8 | % |
| Total operating expenses | $ | 4,506 | $ | 4,415 | $ | 91 | 2.1 | % |

| Six Months Ended June 30, | Change |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | 2021 | 2020 | Amount | % |
| Operating expenses |
| Sales and marketing | $ | 1,195 | $ | 882 | $ | 313 | 35.5 | % |
| General and administrative | 5,779 | 7,705 | (1,926) | (25.0) | % |
| Research and development | 1,898 | 1,239 | 659 | 53.2 | % |
| Total operating expenses | $ | 8,872 | $ | 9,826 | $ | (954) | (9.7) | % |

Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expense increased $0.4 million, or 130.7% for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the corresponding period of 2020, primarily due to an increase of employee compensation costs resulting from a higher headcount of $0.2 million and an increase in stock-based compensation expense.
Sales and marketing expense increased $0.3 million, or 35.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the corresponding period of 2020, primarily due to an increase of employee compensation costs resulting from a higher headcount of $0.1 million, a $0.2 million increase in stock-based compensation expense and $0.1 million lead generation programs. This increase is partially offset by $0.1 million related to marketing expenditures and travel.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expense decreased $0.7 million, or 19.7% for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the corresponding period of 2020, due to a decrease of $0.5 million in legal fees mainly related to our previous litigation with Uber, which was settled in October 2020, $0.3 million in stock-based compensation, $0.2 million in payroll related items and $0.1 million in other information technology costs such as server and software expenses. This decrease was partially offset by $0.4 million in expenses related to investor relations.
General and administrative expense decreased $1.9 million, or 25.0% for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the corresponding period of 2020, due to a decrease of $1.0 million in legal fees mainly related to our previous litigation with Uber, $0.7 million in payroll related items, $0.3 million in stock-based compensation expense and $0.2 million in other information technology costs such as server and software expenses. This decrease was partially offset by additional expenses related to investor relations.
Research and Development
Research and development expense increased $0.5 million, or 123.8%, for the three months ended June 30, 2021, compared to the corresponding period of 2020, primarily due to payroll related items of $0.2 million and $0.2 million in stock-based compensation expense.
Research and development expense increased $0.7 million, or 53.2%, for the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to the corresponding period of 2020, primarily due to increases of $0.3 million for increased headcount dedicated to research and development projects and $0.4 million in stock-based compensation expense.
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Other expense
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Change |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | 2021 | 2020 | Amount | % |
| Other expense |
| Interest expense | $ | (1,845) | $ | (460) | $ | (1,385) | 301.1 | % |
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | (2,184) | (81) | (2,103) | 2,596.3 | % |
| Impairment of digital currencies | (776) | — | (776) | 100.0 | % |
| Gain on change in fair value of warrant liability | 663 | — | 663 | 100.0 | % |
| Other income | 43 | — | 43 | 100.0 | % |
| Total other expense | $ | (4,099) | $ | (541) | $ | (3,558) | 657.7 | % |

| Six Months Ended June 30, | Change |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | 2021 | 2020 | Amount | % |
| Other expense |
| Interest expense | $ | (4,064) | $ | (561) | $ | (3,503) | 624.4 | % |
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | (7,952) | (81) | (7,871) | 9,717.3 | % |
| Impairment of digital currencies | (776) | — | (776) | 100.0 | % |
| Loss on change in fair value of warrant liability | (222) | — | (222) | 100.0 | % |
| Other expense | (36) | — | (36) | 100.0 | % |
| Total other expense | $ | (13,050) | $ | (642) | $ | (12,408) | 1,932.7 | % |

Other expense increased $3.6 million and $12.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to the corresponding period of 2020, respectfully, primarily due to losses on extinguishment of debt and interest related to our debt borrowings as further described in Note 5 "Debt" in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Other (increases) and decreases were related to impairment charges for our digital currencies and adjustments related to the fair value of the warrants outstanding that were issued in conjunction with our 2020 senior convertible notes.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of June 30, 2021, we held total cash (including restricted cash) of $2.8 million, all of which was held in the United States. We have a history of operating losses and negative operating cash flows. As we continue to focus on growing our revenues, we expect these trends to continue into the foreseeable future.
On October 9, 2020, we entered into a settlement agreement with Uber Technologies, Inc. ("Uber") and certain other parties related to our complaint against Uber, Uber's cross-complaint and amended cross-complaint against us and certain individual defendants. The settlement agreement provides that we will pay to Uber a total sum of $4.5 million in a series of installments. We recorded a charge in the third quarter of 2020 related to the settlement agreement. As of June 30, 2021, we owe $1.5 million, which will be paid no later than September 30, 2021. For further information related to the Uber settlement agreement, refer to Note 9 "Commitments and Contingencies" of the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 31, 2021.
As of June 30, 2021, the principal balance of our debt was approximately $4.0 million from various debt, including a Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") loan and other debt offerings. The debt we believe will have the most significant impact on our future liquidity and capital resources is discussed below. For further information on all our debt outstanding as of June 30, 2021, refer to Note 5 “Debt” of the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
In April 2020, we received a PPP loan of approximately $2.85 million, which bears interest at a rate of 0.98% per annum. The principal amount of our PPP loan is subject to forgiveness under the PPP. On July 7, 2021, we submitted our request to the Small Business Administration ("SBA") to forgive the full principal amount of the loan. The SBA is currently reviewing our forgiveness application. Although we currently anticipate the loan to be forgiven, there can be no assurance that any part of the PPP loan will be forgiven. The PPP loan matures in April 2022.
On April 7, 2021, we entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement with B. Riley Securities, Inc. ("B. Riley"), pursuant to which we may offer and sell, from time to time, shares of our common stock for an aggregate offering price of up to $25 million. Although we are not obligated to sell shares under the sales agreement with B. Riley, we currently anticipate future sales of our common stock will be necessary to fund operations. As of June 30, 2021, we sold 691,584 shares of our common stock under the sales agreement, which generated aggregate net cash proceeds of approximately $1.0 million. As of the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we sold an additional 1,691,572 shares of our common stock for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $1.8 million and may sell additional shares for an aggregate offering price of approximately $22 million under our sales agreement with B. Riley.
While our liquidity risk continues as a result of the continuing and evolving effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in smaller backlog and larger negative working capital than originally anticipated, management believes our cash on-hand, along with our ability to obtain financing through our at-the-market offering described above, will be adequate to support the capital needs for the next 12 months. Refer to "Going Concern, Liquidity and Management's Plan", under Note 1, "The Company and Basis of Presentation" of the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our pace of growth, subscription renewal activity, the timing and extent of spend to support development efforts, the expansion of sales and marketing activities and the market acceptance of our products and services. We believe that it is likely we will in the future enter into arrangements to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, technologies and intellectual property rights. We may be required to seek additional equity or debt financing. In the event that additional financing is required from outside sources, we may not be able to raise it on terms acceptable to us, or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital when desired and/or on acceptable terms, our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.
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The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:
| Six Months Ended June 30, | Change |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | 2021 | 2020 | Amount | % |
| Consolidated statement of cash flows |
| Net cash used in operating activities | $ | (14,371) | $ | (4,750) | $ | (9,621) | 202.5 | % |
| Net cash used in investing activities | (1,497) | — | (1,497) | 100.0 | % |
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 14,626 | 4,712 | 9,914 | 210.4 | % |

Operating Activities
The primary source of cash from operating activities is receipts from the sale of platform subscriptions and services and application transactions to customers. The primary uses of cash from operating activities are payments to employees for compensation and related expenses, publishers and other vendors for the purchase of digital media inventory and related costs, sales and marketing expenses and general operating expenses.
We utilized $14.4 million of cash from operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2021, primarily resulting from a net loss of $20.7 million. The net loss included non-cash charges of $14.3 million, primarily consisting of the loss on the extinguishment and amortization of debt issuance costs related to our 2020 Convertible Notes, as well as stock-based compensation. In addition, certain changes in our operating assets and liabilities resulted in significant cash (decreases) as follows: $(6.1) million from a decrease in accounts payable, accrued expenses and an installment payment to Uber related to the settlement of our lawsuit, as well as $(1.9) million from other working capital changes, primarily a decrease in deferred revenue.
We utilized $4.8 million of cash from operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2020, primarily resulting from a net loss of $7.5 million, as adjusted $1.8 million for stock-based compensation, $0.2 million for amortization of debt discount and deferred financing costs and $0.1 million for loss on extinguishment of debt. In addition, certain changes in our operating assets and liabilities resulted in significant cash increases (decreases) as follows: $0.4 million from an increase in accounts payable, $0.9 million from an increase in accrued expenses, $0.8 million from an increase in account receivable, $(1.3) million from an decrease in deferred revenue and $(0.2) million from an decrease in prepaid and other assets.
Investing Activities
Investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2021 consisted of the purchase of digital currencies.
Financing Activities
Our financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2021 consisted of proceeds from equity financings and debt borrowings offset by payments on debt. We acquired $14.6 million of cash from financing activities resulting primarily from $29.7 million in proceeds from the sale of our common stock and $10 million in proceeds from our Series B Convertible Note. These sources of financing were partially offset by $25.1 million of payments on debt, a majority of which were payments on the 2020 Convertible Notes. Refer to the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report on Form 10-Q for information on the Company's financing activities.
Our financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2020 consisted of proceeds from various debt borrowings offset by net repayments on our financing factoring agreement. We acquired $4.7 million of cash from financing activities, as a result of $6.0 million from new issuances of debt (inclusive of $0.6 million from related parties), partially offset of $0.7 million of payments on debt (inclusive of $0.2 million to related parties) and $0.7 million in net repayments on our factoring financing agreement.
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Through June 30, 2021, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of SEC Regulation S-K, such as the use of unconsolidated subsidiaries, structured finance, special purpose entities or variable interest entities.
Indemnification Agreements
In the ordinary course of business, we provide indemnifications of varying scope and terms to customers, vendors, lessors, business partners and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of breach of such agreements, solutions to be provided by the Company or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with directors and certain current and former officers and employees that will require the Company, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of, or are related to, their status or service as directors, officers or employees.
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Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”, in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report on Form 10-Q for analysis of recent accounting pronouncements that are applicable to our business.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported revenues generated and expenses incurred during the reporting periods. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Except for the changes described in Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements related to the adoption of ASU 2016-02 and our disclosure of our accounting policy related to our digital currencies, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 filed with the SEC on March 31, 2021.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Not applicable.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (together, the “Certifying Officers”), we carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based on the foregoing, our Certifying Officers concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Report.
Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Certifying Officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During the six months ended June 30, 2021, we implemented new controls related to the adoption of ASU 2016-02. There were no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls
In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The information set forth under the "Litigation" subheading in Note 7, "Commitments and Contingencies" in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report on Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Important risk factors that could affect our operations and financial performance, or that could cause results or events to differ from current expectations, are described in Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 31, 2021 for the year ended December 31, 2020, as supplemented by the "Risk Factors" section in our prospectus filed with the SEC on February 12, 2021 (as amended and/or supplemented to date) and April 7, 2021 (as amended and/or supplemented to date) and the information set forth below or contained elsewhere in this Report. The risks and uncertainties described below, within our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 and the prospectuses are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently believe are not material, may also become important factors that adversely affect our business or results of operations.
There is no guarantee that our current cash position, expected revenue growth and anticipated financing initiatives will be sufficient to fund our operations for the next twelve months.
We have an accumulated deficit of approximately $166.5 million as of June 30, 2021, as well as a net loss and negative cash flows from operations for the six months ended June 30, 2021. In addition, our backlog and cash on-hand at June 30, 2021 was lower than originally anticipated. These conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. If we are unable to raise additional capital on favorable terms, if at all, during the next twelve months, our business and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
Refer to "Going Concern, Liquidity and Management's Plan", under Note 1, "The Company and Basis of Presentation" of the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
None.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
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Item 6. Exhibits
Unless otherwise noted, the exhibits listed on the accompanying Exhibit Index are filed or incorporated by reference (as stated therein) as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
| Exhibit No. | Description |
| 3.1 | Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K (File No. 001-37862), filed with the SEC on January 2, 2019). |
| 3.2 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K (File No. 001-37862), filed with the SEC on January 2, 2019). |
| 4.1 | Form of Note, dated April 9, 2020, between the Company and JPMorgan Chase (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrants Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 16, 2020. |
| 10.1 | Form of Security Purchase Agreement, dated July 14, 2020, between the Company and Alto Opportunity Master Fund, SPC – Segregated Master Portfolio B (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 16, 2020). |
| 10.2 | Form of Warrant to Purchase Common Stock, dated July 15, 2020, between the Company and Alto Opportunity Master Fund, SPC – Segregated Master Portfolio B (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 16, 2020). |
| 10.3 | Form of Registration Rights Agreement, dated July 15, 2020, between the Company and Alto Opportunity Master Fund, SPC – Segregated Master Portfolio B (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 16, 2020). |
| 10.4 | Settlement Agreement and Mutual General Release, dated October 9, 2020, between the Company, Uber Technologies, Inc., and certain Individual Defendants (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 of the Registrants Form 10-Q (File No. 001-37862), filed with the SEC on November 12, 2020). |
| 10.5 | At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, by and between Phunware, Inc. and B. Riley Securities, Inc., dated April 7, 2021 (Incorporated by Reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrants Form 8-K (File No. 001-37862), filed with the SEC on April 7, 2021). |
| 31.1* | Certification of the Principal Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a)* |
| 31.2* | Certification of the Principal Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a)* |
| 32.1(1) | Certification of the Principal Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. 1350* |
| 101.INS | XBRL Instance Document* |
| 101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema* |
| 101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase* |
| 101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase* |
| 101.PRE | XBRL Definition Linkbase Document* |
| 101.DEF | XBRL Definition Linkbase Document* |

*Filed herewith
(1)The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and shall not be deemed “filed” by the Registrant for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
37
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| August 13, 2021 | Phunware, Inc. |
| By: | /s/ Alan S. Knitowski |
| Name: | Alan S. Knitowski |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer |
| (Principal Executive Officer) |

| By: | /s/ Matt Aune |
| Name: | Matt Aune |
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer |
| (Principal Accounting and Financial Officer) |

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Question: What is the percentage change in the Accumulated Deficit from December 31, 2020, to June 30, 2021, relative to the Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) as of December 31, 2020?

Solution:
def solution():
    #Define variables name and value

    accumulated_deficit_december_2020 = -145803 #in thousands
    accumulated_deficit_june_2021 = -166459 #in thousands 
    total_stockholders_equity_december_2020 = -1979 #in thousands

    #Do math calculation to get the answer
    change_in_accumulated_deficit = accumulated_deficit_june_2021 - accumulated_deficit_december_2020
    answer = (change_in_accumulated_deficit / abs(total_stockholders_equity_december_2020)) * 100
    return round(answer, 2)


Answer: -1043.76