ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CARDO DIAGNOSTICS HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(unaudited)
| JUNE 30, | DECEMBER 31, |
| 2023 | 2022 |
| ASSETS |
| Current assets |
| Cash | $ | 5,044,328 | $ | 4,117,521 |
| Accounts receivable | 1,050 | — |
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 1,209,340 | 1,768,366 |
| Total current assets | 6,254,718 | 5,885,887 |
| Long-term assets |
| Property and equipment | 26,019 | — |
| Intangible assets, net | 29,333 | 37,333 |
| Deposits | 12,850 | 4,950 |
| Patent costs, net | 433,984 | 321,308 |
| Total assets | $ | 6,756,904 | $ | 6,249,478 |
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |
| Current liabilities |
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 651,415 | $ | 1,098,738 |
| Convertible notes payable, net | 915,202 | — |
| Derivative liability | 1,998,752 | — |
| Finance agreement payable | 283,011 | 849,032 |
| Total liabilities | 3,848,380 | 1,947,770 |
| Stockholders' equity |
| Preferred stock, $ .00001 par value; authorized - 100,000,000 shares; 0 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively | — | — |
| Common stock, $ .00001 par value; authorized - 300,000,000 shares; 11,178,455 and 9,514,743 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively | 112 | 95 |
| Additional paid-in capital | 13,955,481 | 10,293,159 |
| Accumulated deficit | ( 11,047,069 | ) | ( 5,991,546 | ) |
| Total stockholders' equity | 2,908,524 | 4,301,708 |
| Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 6,756,904 | $ | 6,249,478 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements.
| 4 |

CARDIO DIAGNOSTICS HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(unaudited)
| THREE MONTHS | SIX MONTHS |
| ENDED | ENDED |
| JUNE 30, | JUNE 30, |
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 |
| Revenue | $ | 1,725 | $ | — | $ | 1,725 | $ | — |
| Operating expenses |
| Sales and marketing | 31,608 | 26,806 | 81,159 | 49,204 |
| Research and development | 12,317 | 5,041 | 98,982 | 6,171 |
| General and administrative expenses | 2,506,148 | 751,117 | 4,068,276 | 956,144 |
| Amortization | 4,793 | 4,000 | 9,578 | 8,000 |
| Total operating expenses | 2,554,866 | 786,964 | 4,257,995 | 1,019,519 |
| Loss from operations | ( 2,553,141 | ) | ( 786,964 | ) | ( 4,256,270 | ) | ( 1,019,519 | ) |
| Other income (expenses) |
| Change in fair value of derivative liability | ( 53,816 | ) | — | 5,633,085 | — |
| Interest income | 263 | — | 484 | — |
| Interest expense | ( 1,051,916 | ) | — | ( 6,068,527 | ) | — |
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | ( 364,295 | ) | — | ( 364,295 | ) | — |
| Acquisition related expense | — | ( 55,034 | ) | — | ( 112,534 | ) |
| Total other income (expenses) | ( 1,469,764 | ) | ( 55,034 | ) | ( 799,253 | ) | ( 112,534 | ) |
| Loss before provision for income taxes | ( 4,022,905 | ) | ( 841,998 | ) | ( 5,055,523 | ) | ( 1,132,053 | ) |
| Provision for income taxes | — | — | — | — |
| Net loss | $ | ( 4,022,905 | ) | $ | ( 841,998 | ) | $ | ( 5,055,523 | ) | $ | ( 1,132,053 | ) |
| Basic and fully diluted income (loss) per common share: |
| Net loss per common share | $ | ( 0.39 | ) | $ | ( 0.16 | ) | $ | ( 0.51 | ) | $ | ( .23 | ) |
| Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic and fully diluted | 10,242,430 | 5,427,349 | 9,896,724 | 4,828,747 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements.
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CARDIO DIAGNOSTICS HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
(unaudited)
| Additional | Stock |
| Common Stock | Paid-in | Subscriptions | Accumulated |
| Shares | Amount | Capital | Receivable | Deficit | Totals |
| Balances, December 31, 2022 | 9,514,743 | $ | 95 | $ | 10,293,159 | $ | — | $ | ( 5,991,546 | ) | $ | 4,301,708 |
| Warrants converted to common stock | 100,000 | 1 | 389,999 | — | — | 390,000 |
| Restricted stock awards vested | 1,092 | — | 4,000 | — | — | 4,000 |
| Placement agent fee | — | — | ( 315,000 | ) | — | — | ( 315,000 | ) |
| Adjustment to liabilities assumed in merger with Mana | — | — | 74,025 | — | — | 74,025 |
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | ( 1,032,618 | ) | ( 1,032,618 | ) |
| Balances, March 31, 2023 | 9,615,835 | $ | 96 | $ | 10,446,183 | $ | — | $ | ( 7,024,164 | ) | $ | 3,422,115 |
| Restricted stock awards vested | 87,917 | 1 | 105,999 | — | — | 106,000 |
| Notes payable converted to common stock | 1,474,703 | 15 | 2,368,026 | — | — | 2,368,041 |
| Compensation for vested stock options | — | — | 1,035,273 | — | — | 1,035,273 |
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | ( 4,022,905 | ) | ( 4,022,905 | ) |
| Balances, June 30, 2023 | 11,178,455 | $ | 112 | $ | 13,955,481 | $ | — | $ | ( 11,047,069 | ) | $ | 2,908,524 |
| Balances, December 31, 2021 | 4,223,494 | $ | 42 | $ | 2,398,628 | $ | — | ( 1,330,561 | ) | $ | 1,068,109 |
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | ( 290,055 | ) | ( 290,055 | ) |
| Balances, March 31, 2022 | 4,223,494 | $ | 42 | $ | 2,398,628 | $ | — | $ | ( 1,620,616 | ) | $ | 778,054 |
| Common stock and warrants issued for cash | 2,291,445 | 23 | 10,963,014 | ( 100,001 | ) | — | 10,863,036 |
| Placement agent fee | — | — | ( 1,096,309 | ) | — | — | ( 1,096,309 | ) |
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | ( 841,998 | ) | ( 841,998 | ) |
| Balances, June 30, 2022 | 6,514,939 | $ | 65 | $ | 12,265,333 | $ | ( 100,001 | ) | $ | ( 2,462,614 | ) | $ | 9,702,783 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements.
| 6 |

CARDIO DIAGNNOSTICS HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited)
| 2023 | 2022 |
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |
| Net loss | $ | ( 5,055,523 | ) | $ | ( 1,132,053 | ) |
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities |
| Amortization | 9,578 | 8,000 |
| Acquisition related expense | — | 112,534 |
| Stock-based compensation expense | 1,145,273 | — |
| Non-cash interest expense | 6,050,785 | — |
| Change in fair value of derivative liability | ( 5,633,085 | ) | — |
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | 364,295 | — |
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
| Accounts receivable | ( 1,050 | ) | 901 |
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 559,026 | ( 69,089 | ) |
| Deposits | ( 7,900 | ) | ( 4,950 | ) |
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | ( 373,298 | ) | 503,795 |
| NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES | ( 2,941,899 | ) | ( 580,862 | ) |
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |
| Purchases of property and equipment | ( 26,019 | ) | — |
| Patent costs incurred | ( 114,254 | ) | ( 38,606 | ) |
| NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES | ( 140,273 | ) | ( 38,606 | ) |
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |
| Proceeds from convertible notes payable, net of original issue discount of $ 500,000 | 4,500,000 | — |
| Proceeds from exercise of warrants | 390,000 | — |
| Payments of placement agent fee | ( 315,000 | ) | ( 1,096,309 | ) |
| Proceeds from sale of common stock and warrants | — | 10,863,036 |
| Payments of finance agreement | ( 566,021 | ) | — |
| NET CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES | 4,008,979 | 9,766,727 |
| NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH | 926,807 | 9,147,259 |
| CASH - BEGINNING OF PERIOD | 4,117,521 | 512,767 |
| CASH - END OF PERIOD | $ | 5,044,328 | $ | 9,660,026 |
| SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION: |
| Cash paid during the period for: |
| Interest | $ | 17,742 | $ | — |
| Non-cash investing and financing activities: |
| Common stock issued for subscriptions receivable | $ | — | $ | 100,001 |
| Debt discount related to derivative liability | 5,000,000 | — |
| Notes payable converted to common stock | 2,150,000 | — |
| Adjustment to liabilities assumed in acquisition | 74,025 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements.
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CARDIO DIAGNOSTICS HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
Note 1 - Organization and Basis of Presentation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements presented are those of Cardio Diagnostics Holdings, Inc., (the “Company”) and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Cardio Diagnostics, Inc. (“Legacy Cardio”). The Company was incorporated as Mana Capital Acquisition Corp. (“Mana”) under the laws of the state of Delaware on May 19, 2021, and Legacy Cardio was formed on January 16, 2017 as an Iowa limited liability company (Cardio Diagnostics, LLC) and was subsequently incorporated as a Delaware C-Corp on September 6, 2019 (Legacy Cardio). The Company was formed to develop and commercialize a patent-pending Artificial Intelligence (“AI”)-driven DNA biomarker testing technology (“Core Technology”) for cardiovascular disease invented at the University of Iowa by the Company’s Founders, with the goal of becoming one of the leading medical technology companies for enabling precision prevention, early detection and treatment of cardiovascular disease. The Company is transforming the approach to cardiovascular disease from reactive to proactive. The Core Technology is being incorporated into a series of products for major types of cardiovascular disease and associated co-morbidities including coronary heart disease (“CHD”), stroke, heart failure and diabetes.
Interim Financial Statements
The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2022 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 31, 2023.
Business Combination
On May 27, 2022, Mana, Mana Merger Sub, Inc. (“Merger Sub”), Meeshanthini Dogan, the Shareholders’ Representative and Legacy Cardio entered into the Business Combination Agreement (the “Merger Agreement”). On October 25, 2022, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Legacy Cardio merged with and into Merger Sub, with Legacy Cardio surviving as the wholly-owned subsidiary of Mana. Subsequent to the merger, Mana changed its name to Cardio Diagnostics Holdings, Inc.
Note 2 – Merger Agreement and Reverse Recapitalization
As discussed in Note 1, on October 25, 2022, the Company (formerly known as Mana) and Legacy Cardio entered into the Merger Agreement, which has been accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”). Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, the Company acquired cash of $ 4,021 and assumed liabilities of $ 928,500 from Mana. The liabilities of $854,775, net of an early payment discount of $74,025 issued by a vendor on March 22, 2023, are payable to two investment bankers and due on October 25, 2023. On March 27, 2023, the Company accepted the early pay discount and paid Ladenburg the net balance due and payable of $419,475. As of June 30, 2023, the remaining post-merger liabilities balance was $435,000.
Mana’s common stock had a redemption right in connection with the business combination. Mana’s stockholders exercised their right to redeem 6,465,452 shares of common stock, which constituted approximately 99.5 % of the shares with redemption rights, for cash at a redemption price of approximately $ 10.10 per share, for an aggregate redemption amount of $ 65,310,892 . In accounting for the reverse recapitalization, the Company’s legacy issued and outstanding 1,976,749 shares of common stock were reversed, and the Mana shares of common stock totaling 9,514,743 were recorded, as described in Note 8. Transactions costs incurred in connection with the recapitalization totaled $ 1,535,035 and were recorded as a reduction to additional paid in capital.
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Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Cardio Diagnostics, Inc. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Fair Value Measurements
The Company adopted the provisions of ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, which defines fair value as used in numerous accounting pronouncements, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure of fair value measurements.
The estimated fair value of certain financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued expenses are carried at historical cost basis, which approximates their fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying amounts of our short- and long-term credit obligations approximate fair value because the effective yields on these obligations, which include contractual interest rates taken together with other features such as concurrent issuances of warrants and/or embedded conversion options, are comparable to rates of returns for instruments of similar credit risk.
ASC 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 820 describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2 – quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable
Level 3 – inputs that are unobservable (for example cash flow modeling inputs based on assumptions)
The estimated fair value of the derivative liability was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company uses Level 3 inputs to value its derivative liabilities. The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for the major classes of assets and liabilities measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) and reflects gains and losses for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
| Schedule of fair value measurements |
| 2023 | 2022 |
| Liabilities: |
| Balance of derivative liabilities - beginning of period | $ | — | $ | — |
| Issued | 9,192,672 | — |
| Converted | ( 1,560,835 | ) | — |
| Change in fair value recognized in operations | ( 5,633,085 | ) | — |
| Balance of derivative liabilities - end of period | $ | 1,998,752 | $ | — |

The following table represents the Company’s derivative instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2023, for each fair value hierarchy level:
| Schedule of fair value hierarchy level |
| June 30, 2023 | Derivative Liabilities | Total |
| Level I | $ | — | $ | — |
| Level II | $ | — | $ | — |
| Level III | $ | 1,998,752 | $ | 1,998,752 |

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Convertible Instruments
The Company evaluates and accounts for conversion options embedded in convertible instruments in accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging Activities.
Applicable GAAP requires companies to bifurcate conversion options from their host instruments and account for them as free-standing derivative financial instruments according to certain criteria. The criteria include circumstances in which (a) the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded derivative instrument are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract, (b) the hybrid instrument that embodies both the embedded derivative instrument and the host contract is not re-measured at fair value under other GAAP with changes in fair value reported in earnings as they occur and (c) a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative instrument would be considered a derivative instrument.
The Company accounts for convertible instruments (when it has been determined that the embedded conversion options should not be bifurcated from their host instruments) as follows: The Company records, when necessary, discounts to convertible notes for the intrinsic value of conversion options embedded in debt instruments based upon the differences between the fair value of the underlying common stock at the commitment date of the note transaction and the effective conversion price embedded in the note. Debt discounts under these arrangements are amortized over the term of the related debt to their stated date of redemption.
The Company accounts for the conversion of convertible debt when a conversion option has been bifurcated using the general extinguishment standards. The debt and equity linked derivatives are removed at their carrying amounts and the shares issued are measured at their then-current fair value, with any difference recorded as a gain or loss on extinguishment of the two separate accounting liabilities.
Revenue Recognition
The Company hosts its products, Epi+Gen CHD™ and PrecisionCHD™ on InTeleLab’s Elicity platform (the “Provider”). The Provider collects payments from patients upon completion of eligibility screening. Upon receiving a sample collection kit from the Company, patients send their samples to MOgene (the “Lab”), a high complexity CLIA lab, which performs the biomarker assessments. Upon receipt of the raw biomarker data from the Lab, the Company performs all quality control, analytical assessments and report generation and shares test reports with the Provider via their platform. Revenue is recognized upon receipt of payments from the Provider for each completed test at the end of each month.
The Company accounts for revenue under (“ASU”) 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”, using the modified retrospective method. The modified retrospective adoption used by the Company did not result in a material cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit.
The Company determines the measurement of revenue and the timing of revenue recognition utilizing the following core principles:
1. Identifying the contract with a customer;
2. Identifying the performance obligations in the contract;
3. Determining the transaction price;
4. Allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
5. Recognizing revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies its performance obligations.
Research and Development
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs charged to operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were $ 98,982 and $ 6,171 , respectively.
Advertising Costs
The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. Advertising costs of $ 81,159 and $ 49,204 were charged to operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are comprised of cash and highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less at the date of purchase. The Company does no t have any cash equivalents as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Cash is maintained at a major financial institution. Accounts held at U.S. financial institutions are insured by the FDIC up to $ 250,000 . The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of default by the financial institutions or the issuers of these investments to the extent the amounts on deposit or invested are in excess of amounts that are insured.
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Property and Equipment and Depreciation
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense when incurred. When property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and any gain or loss is credited or charged to income. Depreciation for both financial reporting and income tax purposes is computed using combinations of the straight line and accelerated methods over the estimated lives of the respective assets as follows:
| Schedule of estimated lives |
| Office and computer equipment | 5 years |
| Furniture and fixtures | 7 years |

Patent Costs
The Company accounts for patents in accordance with ASC 350-30, General Intangibles Other than Goodwill. The Company capitalizes patent costs representing legal fees associated with filing patent applications and amortize them on a straight-line basis. The Company is in the process of evaluating its patents' estimated useful life and will begin amortizing the patents when they are brought to the market or otherwise commercialized.
Long-Lived Assets
The Company assesses the valuation of components of long-lived assets whenever events or circumstances dictate that the carrying value might not be recoverable. The Company bases its evaluation on indicators such as the nature of the assets, the future economic benefit of the assets, any historical or future profitability measurements and other external market conditions or factors that may be present. If such factors indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable, the Company determines whether an impairment has occurred by analyzing an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows exist. If the estimate of undiscounted cash flows during the estimated useful life of the asset is less than the carrying value of the asset, the Company recognizes a loss for the difference between the carrying value of the asset and its estimated fair value, generally measured by the present value of the estimated cash flows.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for its stock-based awards granted under its employee compensation plan in accordance with ASC Topic No. 718-20, Awards Classified as Equity, which requires the measurement of compensation expense for all share-based compensation granted to employees and non-employee directors at fair value on the date of grant and recognition of compensation expense over the related service period for awards expected to vest. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of its stock options and warrants. The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions including the expected stock price volatility of the Company’s common stock, the risk-free interest rate at the date of grant, the expected vesting term of the grant, expected dividends, and an assumption related to forfeitures of such grants. Changes in these subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate of the Company’s stock options and warrants.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method in accordance with ASC Topic No. 740, Income Taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse.
The Company applies the provisions of ASC Topic No. 740 for the financial statement recognition, measurement and disclosure of uncertain tax positions recognized in the Company’s financial statements. In accordance with this provision, tax positions must meet a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
We have reviewed other recent accounting pronouncements and concluded they are either not applicable to the business, or no material effect is expected on the condensed consolidated financial statements as a result of future adoption.
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Note 4 – Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are carried at cost and consist of the following at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
| Schedule of property and equipment |
| 2023 | 2022 |
| Office and computer equipment | $ | 11,683 | $ | — |
| Furniture and fixtures | 14,336 | — |
| Less: Accumulated depreciation | — | — |
| Total | $ | 26,019 | $ | — |

Note 5 – Intangible Assets
The following tables provide detail associated with the Company’s acquired identifiable intangible assets:
| Schedule of intangible assets |
| As of June 30, 2023 |
| Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net Carrying Amount | Weighted Average Useful life (in years) |
| Amortized intangible assets: |
| Know-how license | $ | 80,000 | $ | ( 50,667 | ) | $ | 29,333 | 5 |
| Total | $ | 80,000 | $ | ( 50,667 | ) | $ | 29,333 |

Amortization expense charged to operations was $ 8,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Note 6 – Patent Costs
As of June 30, 2023, the Company has three pending patent applications. The initial patent applications consist of a US patent and international patents filed in six countries. The US patent was granted on August 16, 2022. The EU patent was granted on March 31, 2021. The validation of the EU patent in each of the six countries is pending. Legal fees associated with the patents totaled $ 433,984 and $ 321,308 , net of accumulated amortization of $ 1,578 and $ 0 as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and are presented in the balance sheet as patent costs. Amortization expense charged to operations was $ 1,578 for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
Note 7 – Finance Agreement Payable
On October 31, 2022, the Company entered into an agreement with a premium financing company to finance its directors and officers insurance premiums for 12-month policies effective October 25, 2022. The amount financed of $ 1,037,706 is payable in 11 monthly installments plus interest at a rate of 6.216 % through September 28, 2023 . Finance agreement payable was $ 283,011 and $ 849,032 at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. $ 363,822 has been recorded in prepaid expenses and is being amortized over the life of the policy.
Note 8 - Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share
The Company calculates net income (loss) per common share in accordance with ASC 260 “Earnings Per Share” (“ASC 260”). Basic and diluted net earnings (loss) per common share was determined by dividing net earnings (loss) applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The Company’s potentially dilutive shares, which include outstanding common stock options, common stock warrants, and convertible debt have not been included in the computation of diluted net loss per share for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 as the result would be anti-dilutive.
| Schedule of anti dilutive earning per share |
| Six Months Ended |
| June 30, |
| 2023 | 2022 |
| Stock warrants | 7,854,620 | 1,809,003 |
| Stock options | 2,584,599 | 1,759,599 |
| Total shares excluded from calculation | 10,439,219 | 3,568,602 |

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Note 9 – Stockholders’ Equity
Stock Transactions
Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement on October 25, 2022, the Company issued the following securities:
Holders of conversion rights issued as a component of units in Mana’s initial public offering (the “Public Rights”) were issued an aggregate of 928,571 shares of the Company’s common stock;
Holders of existing shares of common stock of Legacy Cardio and the holder of equity rights of Legacy Cardio (together, the “Legacy Cardio Stockholders”) received an aggregate of 6,883,306 shares of the Company’s Common Stock, calculated based on the exchange ratio of 3.427259 pursuant to the Merger Agreement (the “Exchange Ratio”) for each share of Legacy Cardio Common Stock held or, in the case of the equity rights holder, that number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock equal to 1% of the Aggregate Closing Merger Consideration, as defined in the Merger Agreement;
The Legacy Cardio Stockholders received, in addition, an aggregate of 43,334 shares of the Company’s Common Stock (“Conversion Shares”) upon conversion of an aggregate of $ 433,334 in principal amount of promissory notes issued by Mana to Legacy Cardio in connection with its loan of such amount in order to extend Mana’s duration through October 26, 2022 (the “Extension Notes”), which Conversion Shares were distributed to the Legacy Cardio Stockholders in proportion to their respective interest in Legacy Cardio.
Mana public stockholders (excluding Mana Capital, LLC, the SPAC sponsor (the “Sponsor”), and Mana’s former officers and directors) own 34,548 shares of the Company’s Common Stock and the Sponsor, Mana’s former officers and directors and certain permitted transferees own 1,625,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock.
Immediately after giving effect to the Business Combination, there were 9,514,743 issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s Common Stock.
On October 25, 2022, in connection with the approval of the Business Combination, the Company’s stockholders approved the Cardio Diagnostics Holdings, Inc. 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2022 Plan”). The purpose of the 2022 Plan is to promote the interests of the Company and its stockholders by providing eligible employees, officers, directors and consultants with additional incentives to remain with the Company and its subsidiaries, to increase their efforts to make the Company more successful, to reward such persons by providing an opportunity to acquire shares of Common Stock on favorable terms and to attract and retain the best available personnel to participate in the ongoing business operations of the Company. The 2022 Plan permits the grant of Incentive Stock Options, Nonstatutory Stock Options, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Stock Appreciation Rights, Performance Units and Performance Shares.
The 2022 Plan, as approved, permits the issuance of up to 3,256,383 shares of Common Stock (the “Share Reserve”) upon exercise or conversion of grants and awards made from time to time to officers, directors, employees and consultants. However, that the Share Reserve will increase on January 1st of each calendar year through and including January 1, 2027 (each, an “Evergreen Date”), in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) 7% of the total number of shares of Common Stock outstanding on the December 31st immediately preceding the applicable Evergreen Date and (ii) such lesser number of shares of Common Stock as determined to be appropriate by the Compensation Committee, which administers the 2022 Plan, in its sole discretion. There was no increase in the Share Reserve on January 1, 2023.
Common Stock Issued
On March 2, 2023, a stockholder exercised warrants in exchange for 100,000 common shares for proceeds of $ 390,000 .
During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company issued 4,977 common shares to a consultant for services pursuant to vesting of Restricted Stock Units granted, valued at $ 10,000 .
During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company issued 84,032 common shares to the board of directors for services pursuant to vesting of Restricted Stock Units granted, valued at $ 100,000 .
In connection with the convertible notes payable (see Note 10 below) the noteholders converted $ 2,150,000 of principal balance to 1,474,703 shares of common stock during the six months ended June 30, 2023. The number of shares of common stock issued was determined based on the terms of the convertible notes.
| 13 |

Warrants
On October 1, 2019, Legacy Cardio issued warrants to a seed funding firm equivalent to 2% of the fully-diluted equity of Legacy Cardio, or 22,500 common shares at the time of issuance. The warrant is exercisable on the earlier of the closing date of the next Qualified Equity Financing occurring after the issuance of the warrant, and immediately before a Change of Control. The exercise price is the price per share of the shares sold to investors in the next Qualified Equity Financing, or if the warrant becomes exercisable in connection with a Change in Control before the next Qualified Equity Financing, the greater of the quotient obtained by dividing $ 150,000 by the Pre-financing Capitalization, and the price per share paid by investors in the then-most recent Qualified Equity Financing, if any. The warrant will expire upon the earlier of the consummation of any Change of Control, or 15 years after the issuance of the warrant.
In April 2022, Legacy Cardio issued fully vested warrants to investors as part of private placement subscription agreements pursuant to which Legacy Cardio issued common stock. Each stockholder received warrants to purchase 50% of the common stock issued at an exercise price of $ 3.90 per share with an expiration date of June 30, 2027 .
As of May 23, 2022, Legacy Cardio issued fully vested warrants to investors as part of an additional private placement subscription agreements pursuant to which Legacy Cardio issued common stock. Each stockholder received warrants to purchase 50% of the common stock issued at an exercise price of $ 6.21 per share with an expiration date of five years from the date of issue.
All of the warrants issued by Legacy Cardio were exchanged in the Business Combination for warrants of the Company based on the merger exchange ratio.
Warrant activity during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 follows:
| Schedule of warrant activity |
| Weighted | Average Remaining |
| Warrants Outstanding | Average Exercise Price | Contractual Life (Years) |
| Warrants outstanding at December 31, 2021 | 215,654 | $ | 13.35 | 5.90 |
| Warrants granted | 1,593,349 | — |
| Warrants outstanding at June 30, 2022 | 1,809,003 | $ | 15.85 | 5.07 |
| Warrants outstanding at December 31, 2022 | 7,954,620 | 9.63 | 4.46 |
| Warrants exercised | ( 100,000 | ) | 13.35 |
| Warrants outstanding at June 30, 2023 | 7,854,620 | $ | 9.70 | 3.97 |

Options
In May 2022, Legacy Cardio granted 513,413 stock options to the board of directors pursuant to the Cardio Diagnostics, Inc. 2022 Equity Incentive Plan. All of the options granted under this legacy plan were exchanged for options under the Company’s 2022 Plan adopted by the Company’s stockholders on October 25, 2022, and based on the exchange ratio for the merger, resulted in a total of 1,759,599 options issued upon closing. Each exchanged option has an exercise price of $ 3.90 per share with an expiration date of May 6, 2032 . The exchanged options fully vested upon closing of the merger.
Option activity during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 follows:
| Schedule of option activity |
| Weighted | Average Remaining |
| Options Outstanding | Average Exercise Price | Contractual Life (Years) |
| Options outstanding at December 31, 2021 | — | $ | — |
| Options granted | 1,759,599 | 3.90 |
| Options outstanding at June 30, 2022 | 1,759,599 | $ | 15.85 | 9.86 |
| Options outstanding at December 31, 2022 | 1,759,599 | 3.90 | 9.35 |
| Options granted | 825,000 | 1.26 |
| Options outstanding at June 30, 2023 | 2,584,599 | $ | 3.06 | 9.38 |

Note 10 – Convertible Notes Payable
On March 8, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (“Securities Purchase Agreement”) with YA II PN, Ltd., an investment fund managed by Yorkville Advisors Global, LP (“Yorkville”) under which the Company agreed to sell and issue to Yorkville convertible debentures (“Convertible Debentures”) in a gross aggregate principal amount of up to $11.2 million (“Subscription Amount”). The Convertible Debentures are convertible into shares of common stock of the Company and are subject to various contingencies being satisfied as set forth in the Securities Purchase Agreement. The notes are convertible at any time through the maturity date, which, in each case, is one year from the date of issuance. The conversion price shall be determined on the basis of 92% of the two lowest VWAP (Volume Weighted Average Prices) of the Common Stock during the prior seven (7) trading day period. On March 8, 2023, the Company issued and sold to Yorkville a Convertible Debenture in the principal amount of $5.0 million, for which it received $4.5 million, with a $500,000 original issue discount (“OID”). Interest on the outstanding principal balance accrues at a rate of 0% and will increase to 15% upon an Event of Default for so long as it remains uncured.
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The Company recorded a debt discount related to identified embedded derivatives relating to the conversion features (see Note 11) based on fair values as of the inception date of the note. The calculated debt discount, including the OID, equaled the face of the note and is being amortized over the term of the note.
Convertible notes payable of $ 915,202 at June 30, 2023 is presented net of debt discount of $ 1,934,798 .
At a special meeting of stockholders held on May 26, 2023, the Company obtained stockholder approval to issue and sell the second Convertible Debenture to Yorkville. On June 2, 2023, the Company entered into a Letter of Agreement with Yorkville pursuant to which Yorkville and the Company agreed that the date of the Second Closing shall be September 15, 2023 (or such other date that is mutually agreed by the Company and Yorkville).
Note 11 – Derivative Liability
The Company has determined that the conversion features embedded in the convertible notes described in Note 10 contain a potential variable conversion amount which constitutes a derivative which has been bifurcated from the note and recorded as a derivative liability at fair value, with a corresponding discount recorded to the associated debt. The excess of the derivative value over the face amount of the note is recorded immediately to interest expense at inception which aggregated $ 4,692,672 . The Company used the Binomial Black-Scholes Option Pricing model to value the conversion features.
The Company used Level 3 inputs for its valuation methodology for the conversion option liability in determining the fair value using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumption inputs:
| Schedule of option liability |
| Six months ended June 30, |
| 2023 |
| Annual dividend yield | — |
| Expected life (years) | 1.0 |
| Risk-free interest rate | 4.89 % - 5.45 | % |
| Expected volatility | 164 % - 176 | % |
| Exercise price | $ | 1.10 - 3.53 |
| Stock price | $ | 1.19 - 5.32 |

Based upon ASC 840-15-25 (EITF Issue 00-19, paragraph 11) the Company has adopted a sequencing approach regarding the application of ASC 815-40 to its outstanding convertible notes. Pursuant to the sequencing approach, the Company evaluates its contracts based upon earliest issuance date.
Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies
Prior Relationship of Cardio with Boustead Securities, LLC
At the commencement of efforts to pursue what ultimately ended in the terminated business acquisition, Legacy Cardio entered into a Placement Agent and Advisory Services Agreement (the “Placement Agent Agreement”), dated April 12, 2021, with Boustead Securities, LLC ("Boustead Securities”). This agreement was terminated in April 2022, when Legacy Cardio terminated the underlying agreement and plan of merger and the accompanying escrow agreement relating to that proposed business acquisition after efforts to complete the transaction failed, despite several extensions of the closing deadline.
Under the terminated Placement Agent Agreement, Legacy Cardio agreed to certain future rights in favor of Boustead Securities, including (i) a two-year tail period during which Boustead Securities would be entitled to compensation if Cardio were to close on a transaction (as defined in the Placement Agent Agreement) with any party that was introduced to Legacy Cardio by Boustead Securities; and (ii) a right of first refusal to act as the Company’s exclusive placement agent for 24-months from the end of the term of the Placement Agent Agreement (the “right of first refusal”). Cardio has taken the position that due to Boustead Securities’ failure to perform as contemplated by the Placement Agent Agreement, these provisions purporting to provide future rights are null and void.
Boustead Securities responded to the termination of the Placement Agent Agreement by disputing Legacy Cardio’s contention that it had not performed under the Placement Agent Agreement because, among other things, Boustead Securities had never sought out prospective investors. In its response, Boustead Securities included a list of funds that they had supposedly contacted on Legacy Cardio’s behalf. While Boustead Securities’ contention appears to contradict earlier communications from Boustead Securities in which they indicated that they had not made any such contacts or introductions, Boustead Securities is currently contending that they are due success fees for two years following the termination of the Placement Agent Agreement on any transaction with any person on the list of supposed contacts or introductions. Legacy Cardio strongly disputes this position. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company has not consummated any transaction, as defined, with any potential party that purportedly was a contact of Boustead Securities in connection with the Placement Agent Agreement and has no plans to do so at any time during the tail period. No legal proceedings have been instigated by either party, and Cardio believes that the final outcome will not have a material adverse impact on its financial condition.
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The Benchmark Company, LLC Right of First Refusal
As noted in Note 1, the Company completed the business combination on October 25, 2022. In connection with the proposed business combination, by agreement dated May 13, 2022, Mana engaged The Benchmark Company, LLC (“Benchmark”) as its M&A advisor. Upon closing of the business combination, Legacy Cardio assumed the contractual engagement entered into by Mana. On November 14, 2022, the Company and Benchmark entered into Amendment No. 1 Engagement Letter (the “Amendment Engagement”). Pursuant to the Amendment Engagement, Benchmark has been granted a right of first refusal to act as lead or joint-lead investment banker, lead or joint-lead book-runner and/or lead or joint-lead placement agent for all future public and private equity and debt offerings through October 25, 2023. In this regard, the Company and Benchmark are in discussions regarding whether Benchmark might be entitled to compensation arising from the Company having entered into the convertible debenture financing in March 2023 without first consulting Benchmark. No legal proceedings have been instigated, and the parties are continuing to discuss a resolution to this matter.
Demand Letter and Potential Mootness Fee Claim
On June 25, 2022, a plaintiffs’ securities law firm sent a demand letter to the Company alleging that the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed (the “S-4 Registration Statement”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on May 31, 2022 omitted material information with respect to the Business Combination and demanding that the Company and its Board of Directors immediately provide corrective disclosures in an amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement. Subsequent thereto, the Company filed amendments to the S-4 Registration Statement on July 27, 2022, August 23, 2022, September 15, 2022, October 4, 2022 and October 5, 2022 in which it responded to various comments of the SEC staff and otherwise updated its disclosure. In October 2023, the SEC completed its review and declared the S-4 registration statement on October 6, 2022. On February 23, 2023 and February 27, 2023, plaintiffs’ securities law firm contacted the Company’s counsel asking who will be negotiating a mootness fee relating to the purported claims set forth in the June 25, 2022 demand letter. The Company vigorously denies that the S-4 Registration Statement, as amended and declared effective, is deficient in any respect and that no additional supplemental disclosures are material or required. The Company believes that the claims asserted in the Demand Letter are without merit and that no further disclosure is required to supplement the S-4 Registration Statement under applicable laws. As of the date of filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, no lawsuit has been filed against the Company by that firm. The firm has indicated its willingness to litigate the matter if a mutually satisfactory resolution cannot be agreed upon; however, the Company believes that the final outcome will not have a material adverse impact on its financial condition. The Company cannot preclude the possibility that claims or lawsuits brought relating to any alleged securities law violations or breaches of fiduciary duty could potentially require significant time and resources to defend and/or settle and distract its management and board of directors from focusing on its business.
Note 13 – Subsequent Events
The Company evaluated its June 30, 2023, consolidated financial statements for subsequent events through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued.
Common Stock Issued
Subsequent to the end of the period through the date of this report, Yorkville converted an additional $ 600,000 of principal amount of convertible debentures into 586,049 shares of the Company’s common stock.
Subsequent to the end of the period through the date of this report, $ 14,000 in consulting Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) issued to Company advisors vested into 11,709 shares of the Company’s common stock.
Operating Leases
On July 20, 2023, the Company entered into an operating lease agreement (the “Iowa Lease”) for the lease of approximately 5,060 rentable square feet of medical laboratory and office space (the “Iowa Premises”) located in Iowa City, Iowa. The Iowa Premises is in addition to the new Chicago premises described below. The term of the Iowa Lease is for five years and four months commencing on August 1, 2023 and terminating on November 30, 2028. The Company will initially pay $ 8,505 per month ($ 102,060 on an annualized basis and approximately $20.17 per square foot) in rent commencing on December 1, 2023, which includes its pro rata share of property taxes, insurance and common area maintenance, common area utilities and water. Of the approximate $20.17 per square foot initial rent, $5.17 per square foot yearly rent shall be subject to an annual adjustment after the first 12 months of the Iowa Lease. The first month’s rent was paid at the time of execution of the Iowa Lease.
The Company entered into an operating lease effective August 1, 2023 to move its operations and executive offices to a new office space in Chicago, Illinois. The initial monthly base rent is $ 12,847 with annual 2% increases until expiration of the lease on November 20, 2026 . The first 4 months of rent was abated by the landlord.
Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and operating lease liabilities will be recorded upon commencement of the operating leases.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
As a result of the closing of the Business Combination, which was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with U.S. GAAP as discussed in Note 2 – Merger Agreement and Reverse Recapitalization, the consolidated financial statements of Cardio Diagnostics, Inc., a Delaware corporation and our wholly owned subsidiary, are now the financial statements of the Company.
The following discussion and analysis provide information that Cardio’s management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of Cardio’s results of operations and financial condition. You should read the following discussion and analysis of Cardio’s results of operations and financial condition together with its unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and its audited consolidated financial statements and related notes to those statements included in the Company’s 2022 Form 10-K that was filed on March 31, 2023. In addition to historical financial information, this discussion contains forward-looking statements based upon Cardio’s current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties, including those described in the section titled, “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Cardio’s actual results could differ materially from such forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” in the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any period in the future.
Unless the context requires otherwise, references to “Cardio,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Cardio Diagnostics Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, together with its consolidated subsidiary.
Overview
Cardio was formed to further develop and commercialize a series of products for major types of cardiovascular disease and associated co-morbidities, including coronary heart disease (“CHD”), stroke, heart failure and diabetes, by leveraging our Artificial Intelligence (“AI”)-driven Integrated Genetic-Epigenetic Engine™. As a company, we aspire to give every American adult insight into their unique risk for various cardiovascular diseases. Cardio aims to become one of the leading medical technology companies for enabling improved prevention, early detection and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Cardio is transforming the approach to cardiovascular disease from reactive to proactive and hope to accelerate the adoption of Precision Medicine for all. We believe that incorporating Cardio’s solutions into routine practice in primary care and prevention efforts can help alter the trajectory that nearly one in two Americans is expected to develop some form of cardiovascular disease by 2035.
Cardio believes it is the first company to develop and commercialize epigenetics-based clinical tests for cardiovascular disease that have clear value propositions for multiple stakeholders including (1) patients, (2) clinicians, (3) hospitals/health systems, (4) employers and (5) payors. According to the CDC, epigenetics is the study of how a person’s behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way a person’s genes work. Unlike genetic changes, epigenetic changes are reversible and do not change one’s DNA sequence, but they can change how a person’s body reads a DNA sequence.
Cardio’s ongoing strategy for expanding its business operations includes the following:
| • | Develop blood-based products for stroke, congestive heart failure and diabetes; |
| • | Build out clinical and health economics evidence in order to obtain payer reimbursement for Cardio’s tests; |
| • | Expand its testing process outside of a single high complexity CLIA laboratory to multiple laboratories, including hospital laboratories; |
| • | Introduce the test across several additional key channels, including health systems and self-insured employers; and |
| • | Pursue the potential acquisition of one or more synergistic companies in the telemedicine, AI or remote patient monitoring space. |

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Recent Developments
The Business Combination
On October 25, 2022, we consummated the Business Combination. Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, Merger Sub merged with and into Legacy Cardio, with Legacy Cardio surviving the merger and becoming a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of Mana. Thereafter, Merger Sub ceased to exist, and Mana was renamed Cardio Diagnostics Holdings, Inc.
The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization, in accordance with GAAP. Under the guidance in ASC 805, Mana was treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. Legacy Cardio was deemed the accounting predecessor of the combined business, and Cardio Diagnostics Holdings, Inc., as the parent company of the combined business, was the successor SEC registrant, meaning that our financial statements for previous periods will be disclosed in the registrant’s periodic reports filed with the SEC.
The Business Combination had a significant impact on the Company’s reported financial position and results as a consequence of the reverse recapitalization. As noted in Note 1 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements, the Company’s financial position reflects current liabilities that include existing, deferred liabilities originally incurred by Mana that are payable by the Company to Ladenburg Thalmann & Co., Inc. (“Ladenburg”) and I-Bankers Securities, Inc. (“I-Bankers”), the underwriters of Mana’s initial public offering, and The Benchmark Company, LLC (“Benchmark”), the M&A advisor Mana retained in connection with the Business Combination. The aggregate amount of the liabilities owed to these investment bankers, as assumed by the Company in connection with the Business Combination, totals $928,500. This sum reflects a decrease in the amount of the original liabilities incurred by Mana, including a 30% decrease in the liability owed to Ladenburg and I-Bankers and a 46% decrease in the original liability incurred by Mana to Benchmark. The $928,500 is due and payable to the investment bankers on October 25, 2023. On March 25, 2023, Ladenburg offered the Company a 15% early pay discount on the balance due. On March 27, 2023, the Company accepted the early pay discount and paid Ladenburg the net balance due and payable of $419,475. As of June 30, 2023, the remaining assumed liabilities balance was $435,000.
In addition, the Company received only $4,021 in cash from the SPAC trust account after the payment of transaction costs and outstanding accounts payable, primarily as a result of a redemption rate of over 99% by the holders of Mana’s publicly-traded Common Stock, which shares had a redemption right in connection with the Business Combination. Specifically, Mana’s public stockholders exercised their right to redeem 6,465,452 shares of Common Stock, which constituted approximately 99.5% of the shares with redemption rights, for cash at a redemption price of approximately $10.10 per share, for an aggregate redemption amount of $65,310,892. In accounting for the reverse recapitalization, Legacy Cardio’s 1,976,749 issued and outstanding shares of common stock were reversed, and the Mana shares of common stock, totaling 9,514,743, were recorded, as described in Note 2.
As a result of the Business Combination, Cardio became an SEC-registered and Nasdaq-listed company, which will require the Company to hire additional personnel and implement procedures and processes to address public company regulatory requirements and customary practices. The Company expects to incur additional annual expenses as a public company for, among other things, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, director fees, and additional internal and external accounting, legal and administrative resources.
COVID-19 Impact 9
The global COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve. The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Cardio’s business, operations and development timelines and plans remains uncertain and will depend on certain developments, including the duration and recurrence of the outbreak and its impact on Cardio’s development activities, third-party manufacturers, and other third parties with whom Cardio does business, as well as its impact on regulatory authorities and Cardio’s key scientific and management personnel.
The ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is highly uncertain and subject to change. To the extent possible, Cardio is conducting business as usual, with necessary or advisable modifications to employee travel and with certain of its employees working remotely all or part of the time. Cardio will continue to actively monitor the evolving situation related to COVID-19 and may take further actions that alter our operations, including those that federal, state or local authorities may require, or that we determine in the best interests of our employees and other third parties with whom we do business. At this point, the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic may affect our future business, operations and development timelines and plans, including the resulting impact on Cardio’s expenditures and capital needs, remains uncertain.
| 18 |

Results of Operations
The results of operations presented below should be reviewed in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The following table sets forth Cardio’s results of operations data for the periods presented:
Comparisons for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:
The following table presents summary consolidated operating results for the three-month periods indicated:
| Three Months Ended June 30, |
| 2023 | 2022 |
| Revenue |
| Revenue | $ | 1,725 | $ | — |
| Operating Expenses |
| Sales and marketing | 31,608 | 26,806 |
| Research and development | 12,317 | 5,041 |
| General and administrative expenses | 2,506,148 | 751,117 |
| Amortization | 4,793 | 4,000 |
| Total operating expenses | (2,554,866 | ) | (786,964 | ) |
| Other (expense) income | (1,469,764 | ) | (55,034 | ) |
| Net (loss) | $ | (4,022,902 | ) | $ | (841,998 | ) |

Comparisons for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:
The following table presents summary consolidated operating results for the six-month periods indicated:
| Six Months Ended June 30, |
| 2023 | 2022 |
| Revenue |
| Revenue | $ | 1,725 | $ | — |
| Operating Expenses |
| Sales and marketing | 81,159 | 49,204 |
| Research and development | 98,982 | 6,171 |
| General and administrative expenses | 4,068,276 | 956,144 |
| Amortization | 9,578 | 8,000 |
| Total operating expenses | (4,257,995 | ) | (1,019,519 | ) |
| Other (expense) income | (799,253 | ) | (112,534 | ) |
| Net (loss) | $ | (5,055,523 | ) | $ | (1,132,053 | ) |

Net Loss
Cardio’s net loss for the three months ended June 30, 2023, was $4,022,905 as compared to $841,998 for the three months ended June 30, 2022, an increase of $3,180,907. The increase in net loss was primarily the result of an increase in General and Administrative expenses and interest expenses related to the sale and issuance of convertible debentures in March 2023.
Cardio’s net loss for the six months ended June 30, 2023, was $5,055,523 as compared to $1,132,053 for the six months ended June 30, 2022, an increase of $3,923,470, The increase in net loss was primarily the result of an increase in General and Administrative expenses and interest expenses related to the sale and issuance of convertible debentures in March 2023.
Revenue
Cardio had $1,725 and $0 in revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Cardio had $1,725 and $0 in revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
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Sales and Marketing
Expenses related to sales and marketing for the three months ended June 30, 2023 were $31,608 as compared to $26,806 for the three months ended June 30, 2022, an increase of $4,802. The overall increase was due to an increase in sales and marketing efforts after the Business Combination.
Expenses related to sales and marketing for the six months ended June 30, 2023 were $81,159 as compared to $49,204 for the six months ended June 30, 2022, an increase of $31,955. The overall increase was due to an increase in sales and marketing efforts after the Business Combination.
Research and Development
Research and development expense for the three months ended June 30, 2023 was $12,317 as compared to $5,041 for three months ended June 30, 2022, an increase of $7,276. The increase was attributable to laboratory runs performed in the 2023 period on new product offerings in the pipeline.
Research and development expense for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was $98,982 as compared to $6,171 for six months ended June 30, 2022, an increase of $92,811. The increase was attributable to laboratory runs performed in the 2023 period on recently launched product, PrecisionCHD, and new product offerings in the pipeline.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2023 were $2,506,148 as compared to $751,117 for the three months ended June 30, 2022, an increase of $1,755,031. The overall increase is primarily due to an increase in personnel, legal and accounting expenses related to financing and merger transactional activity, and increased expenses associated with being a publicly-traded company.
General and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2023 were $4,068,276 as compared to $956,144 for the six months ended June 30, 2022, an increase of $3,112,132. The overall increase is primarily due to an increase in personnel, legal and accounting expenses related to financing and merger transactional activity, and increased expenses associated with being a publicly-traded company.
Amortization
Amortization expense for the three months ended June 30, 2023 was $4,793 as compared to $4,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The total amortization expense includes the amortization of intangible assets.
Amortization expense for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was $9,578 as compared to $8,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The total amortization expense includes the amortization of intangible assets.
Other income (expenses):
Total other income (expenses) for the three months ended June 30, 2023, was $(1,469,764) as compared to $(55,034) for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The total other income (expenses) for the three months ended June 30, 2023 consists of interest expense of $1,051,916 and loss on extinguishment of debt of $364,295, offset by change in fair value of derivative liability of $53,816 and interest income of $263. Interest expense includes amortization of original issuance discount of $124,658, amortization of debt discount related to the derivative liability of $918,387, and interest on finance agreement of $8,871.
Total other income (expenses) for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was $(799,253) as compared to $(112,534) for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The total other income (expenses) for the six months ended June 30, 2023 consists of interest expense of $6,068,527 and loss on extinguishment of debt of $364,295 offset by change in fair value of derivative liability of $5,633,085 and interest income of $484. Interest expense includes amortization of original issuance discount of $156,164, amortization of debt discount related to the derivative liability of $1,201,949, and $4,692,672 related to the excess fair value of the derivative liability in excess of the book value of the convertible note at inception, and interest on finance agreement of $17,742.
| 20 |

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity describes the ability of a company to generate sufficient cash flows in the short- and long-term to meet the cash requirements of its business operations, including working capital needs, debt service, acquisitions and investments, and other commitments and contractual obligations. We consider liquidity in terms of cash flows from operations and other sources, and their sufficiency to fund our operating and investing activities.
Our principal sources of liquidity have been proceeds from the issuance of equity and warrant exercises. More recently, upon signing the YA Securities Purchase Agreement on March 8, 2023, we issued and sold to YA II PN, Ltd. (“Yorkville”) a Convertible Debenture in the principal amount of $5.0 million for a purchase price of $4.5 million (the “First Convertible Debenture”) to provide additional liquidity. Pursuant to the YA Securities Purchase Agreement, the parties further agreed that we will issue and sell to Yorkville, and Yorkville will purchase from us, a second Convertible Debenture in the principal amount of $6.2 million for a purchase price of $5.58 million, subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in the YA Securities Purchase Agreement. The conditions include, but are not limited to: (i) the SEC shall have declared effective a resale registration statement covering shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the First Convertible Debenture; and (ii) we shall have obtained stockholder approval for the issuance of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Debentures that would be in excess of the “Exchange Cap” (as defined in the YA Securities Purchase Agreement). The SEC declared effective the resale registration statement on April 11, 2023. By letter agreement dated June 2, 2023 (the “Amendment”), we agreed with Yorkville that the date of the Second Closing will be September 15, 2023 (or such other date that is mutually agreed upon by the parties), provided that as of such date, the conditions to the Second Closing as set forth in Sections 6 and 7 of the Securities Purchase Agreement have been satisfied or waived.
Our primary cash needs are for day-to-day operations, to fund working capital requirements, to fund our growth strategy, including investments and acquisitions, and to pay $928,500 of deferred contractual obligations originally incurred by Mana to its investment bankers, which is payable on October 25, 2023, as well as other accounts payable. On March 25, 2023, Ladenburg offered the Company a 15% early pay discount on the balance due. On March 27, 2023, the Company accepted Ladenburg’s early pay discount offer and paid Ladenburg the net balance due and payable of $419,475. As of June 30, 2023, the remaining assumed liabilities balance was $435,000.
Our principal uses of cash in recent periods have been funding operations and paying expenses associated with the Business Combination. Our long-term future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including revenue growth rate, the timing and the amount of cash received from customers, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, the timing and extent of spending to support investments, including research and development efforts, and the continuing market adoption of our products.
In each fiscal year since our inception, we have incurred losses from operations and generated negative cash flows from operating activities. Our total current liabilities as of June 30, 2023 are $3,848,380. As noted above, on March 8, 2023, we issued and sold the First Convertible Debenture, thereby increasing our current liabilities by $5.0 million, with the expectation that we will issue and sell the Second Convertible Debenture in the principal amount of $6.2 million in the third quarter of 2023. Through June 30, 2023, the debenture holder has converted an aggregate of $2,150,000 in principal and has been issued a total of 1,474,703 shares of common stock at an average per share price of $1.4579.
We received less proceeds from the Business Combination than we initially expected. The projections that we prepared in June 2022 in connection with the Business Combination assumed that we would receive at least an aggregate of $15 million in capital from the Business Combination and the Legacy Cardio private placements conducted in 2022 prior to the Business Combination. This base amount anticipated at least $5.0 million in proceeds remaining in the Trust Account following payment of the requested redemptions and other transaction costs. At Closing, we received only $4,021 in cash from the Trust Account due to higher than expected redemptions by Mana public stockholders and higher than expected expenses in connection with the Business Combination and residual Mana expenses. Accordingly, we have had less cash available to pursue our anticipated growth strategies and new initiatives than we projected. This has caused, and may continue to cause, significant delays in, or limit the scope of, our planned acquisition strategy and our planned product expansion timeline. Our failure to achieve our projected results could harm the trading price of our securities and our financial position, and adversely affect our future profitability and cash flows.
Because of the extremely high rate of redemptions by Mana public stockholders in connection with the Business Combination and higher than anticipated transaction costs, we received almost no Trust Account proceeds to pursue our anticipated growth strategies and new initiatives, including our acquisition strategy. This has had a material impact on our projected estimates and assumptions and actual results of operations and financial condition. We recorded nominal revenue in 2022 of $950 and through the six months ended June 30, 2023, we have recorded only $1,725 in revenue in 2023. We expect that revenue in 2023 will also fall far short of the 2022 projections. Nevertheless, we believe that the fundamental elements of our business strategy remain unchanged, although the scale and timing of specific initiatives have been temporarily negatively impacted as a result of having significantly less than anticipated capital on hand following the Business Combination.
We have had, and expect that we will continue to have, an ongoing need to raise additional cash from outside sources to fund our operations and expand our business. If we are unable to raise additional capital when desired, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be harmed. Successful transition to attaining profitable operations depends upon achieving a level of revenue adequate to support the post-merger company.
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We expect that working capital requirements will continue to be funded through a combination of existing funds and further issuances of securities. Working capital requirements are expected to increase in line with the growth of the business. Existing working capital, further advances and debt instruments, and anticipated cash flow are expected to be adequate to fund operations over the next 12 months. We have no lines of credit or other bank financing arrangements. In connection with our business plan, management anticipates additional increases in operating expenses and capital expenditures relating to: (i) developmental expenses associated with a start-up business and (ii) marketing expenses. Cardio intends to finance these expenses with further issuances of securities and debt issuances. Thereafter, we expect we will need to raise additional capital and generate revenues to meet long-term operating requirements. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or convertible debt securities, the percentage ownership of our equity holders could be significantly diluted, and these newly-issued securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of existing equity holders. If we raise additional funds by obtaining loans from third parties, the terms of those financing arrangements may include negative covenants or other restrictions on our business that could impair our operating flexibility and also require us to incur interest expense.
The exercise prices of our currently outstanding warrants range from a high of $11.50 to a low of $3.90 per share of Common Stock. We believe the likelihood that warrant holders will exercise their Warrants and therefore the amount of cash proceeds that we might receive, is dependent upon the trading price of our Common Stock, the last reported sales price for which was $1.00 on August 11, 2023. If the trading price of our Common Stock is less than the respective exercise prices of our outstanding Warrants, we believe holders of our Public Warrants, Sponsor Warrants and Private Placement Warrants will be unlikely to exercise their Warrants. There is no guarantee that the Warrants will be in the money prior to their respective expiration dates, and as such, the Warrants may expire worthless, and we may receive no proceeds from the exercise of Warrants. Given the current differential between the trading price of our Common Stock and the Warrant exercise prices and the volatility of our stock price, we are not making strategic business decisions based on an expectation that we will receive any cash from the exercise of Warrants. However, we will use any cash proceeds received from the exercise of Warrants for general corporate and working capital purposes, which would increase our liquidity. We will continue to evaluate the probability of Warrant exercises and the merit of including potential cash proceeds from the exercise of the Warrants in our future liquidity projections.
Cash at June 30, 2023 totaled $5,044,328 as compared to $4,117,521 at December 31, 2022, an increase of $926,807. The following table shows Cardio’s cash flows from operating activities, investing activities and financing activities for the stated periods:
| Six Months Ended June 30, |
| 2023 | 2022 |
| Net cash used in operating activities | $ | 2,941,900 | $ | 580,862 |
| Net cash used in investing activities | 140,273 | 38,606 |
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 4,008,979 | 9,766,727 |

Cash Used in Operating Activities
Cash used in operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was $2,941,900 as compared to $580,862 for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The cash used in operations during the six months ended June 30, 2023 is a function of net loss of $5,055,523 adjusted for the following non-cash operating items: amortization of $9,578, $1,145,273 in stock-based compensation, $6,050,78 in non-cash interest expense, offset by $5,633,085 in change in fair value of derivative liability, $364,295 loss on extinguishment of debt, an increase of $1,050 in accounts receivable, an increase of $559,026 in prepaid expenses and other current assets, an increase in deposits of $7,900 and a decrease of $373,298 in accounts payable and accrued expenses.
Cash Used in Investing Activities
Cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was $140,273 compared to $38,606 for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was due to purchases of property and equipment and patent costs incurred
Cash Provided by Financing Activities
Cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2023, was $4,508,979 as compared to $9,766,727 for the six months ended June 30, 2022. This change was due to $4,500,000 in proceeds from convertible notes payable, net of original issue discount (“OID”) of $500,000, $390,000 in proceeds from exercise of warrants, offset by $566,021 in payments pursuant to a finance agreement, all of which occurred during the six months ended June 30, 2023.
Off-Balance Sheet Financing Arrangements
We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of June 30, 2023.
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Contractual Obligations
The following summarizes Cardio’s contractual obligations as of June 30, 2023 and the effects that such obligations are expected to have on its liquidity and cash flows in future periods:
Prior Mana Obligations to its Investment Bankers
See “Recent Developments – Business Combination” above for a discussion of the contractual obligations due and payable on October 25, 2023 to Ladenburg/I-Bankers and Benchmark in the aggregate amount of $928,500 for deferred investment banking fees originally entered into by Mana prior to the Business Combination, as reduced at and after the closing of the Business Combination.
On March 25, 2023, Ladenburg offered the Company a 15% early pay discount on the balance due. On March 27, 2023, the Company accepted the early pay discount and paid Ladenburg the net balance due and payable of $419,475. As of June 30, 2023, the remaining assumed liabilities balance was $435,000.
Prior Relationships of Cardio with Boustead Securities, LLC
At the commencement of efforts to pursue what ultimately ended in the terminated business acquisition referred to above under “Deposit for Acquisition,” Legacy Cardio entered into a Placement Agent and Advisory Services Agreement (the “Placement Agent Agreement”), dated April 12, 2021, with Boustead Securities, LLC (“Boustead Securities”). This agreement was terminated in April 2022, when Legacy Cardio terminated the underlying agreement and plan of merger and the accompanying escrow agreement relating to that proposed business acquisition after efforts to complete the transaction failed, despite several extensions of the closing deadline.
Under the terminated Placement Agent Agreement, Legacy Cardio agreed to certain future rights in favor of Boustead Securities, including (i) a two-year tail period during which Boustead Securities would be entitled to compensation if Cardio were to close on a transaction (as defined in the Placement Agent Agreement) with any party that was introduced to Legacy Cardio by Boustead Securities; and (ii) a right of first refusal to act as the Company’s exclusive placement agent for 24-months from the end of the term of the Placement Agent Agreement (the “right of first refusal”). Cardio has taken the position that due to Boustead Securities’ failure to perform as contemplated by the Placement Agent Agreement, these provisions purporting to provide future rights are null and void.
Boustead Securities responded to the termination of the Placement Agent Agreement by disputing Legacy Cardio’s contention that it had not performed under the Placement Agent Agreement because, among other things, Boustead Securities had never sought out prospective investors. In its response, Boustead Securities included a list of funds that they had supposedly contacted on Legacy Cardio’s behalf. While Boustead Securities’ contention appears to contradict earlier communications from Boustead Securities in which they indicated that they had not made any such contacts or introductions, Boustead Securities is currently contending that they are due success fees for two years following the termination of the Placement Agent Agreement on any transaction with any person on the list of supposed contacts or introductions. Legacy Cardio strongly disputes this position. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company has not consummated any transaction, as defined, with any potential party that purportedly was a contact of Boustead Securities in connection with the Placement Agent Agreement and has no plans to do so at any time during the tail period. No legal proceedings have been instigated by either party, and Cardio believes that the final outcome will not have a material adverse impact on its financial condition.
The Benchmark Company, LLC Right of First Refusal
As noted in Note 1, the Company completed a business combination with Mana on October 25, 2022. In connection with the proposed business combination, by agreement dated May 13, 2022, Mana engaged The Benchmark Company, LLC (“Benchmark”) as its M&A advisor. Upon closing of the business combination, Cardio assumed the contractual engagement entered into by Mana. On November 14, 2022, Cardio and Benchmark entered into Amendment No. 1 Engagement Letter (the “Amendment Engagement”). Pursuant to the Amendment Engagement, Benchmark has been granted a right of first refusal to act as lead or joint-lead investment banker, lead or joint-lead book-runner and/or lead or joint-lead placement agent for all future public and private equity and debt offerings through October 25, 2023. In this regard, the Company and Benchmark are in discussions regarding whether Benchmark might be entitled to compensation arising from the Company having entered into the convertible debenture financing in March 2023 without first consulting Benchmark. No legal proceedings have been instigated, and the parties are continuing to discuss a resolution to this matter.
Demand Letter and Potential Mootness Fee Claim
On June 25, 2022, a plaintiffs’ securities law firm sent a demand letter to the Company alleging that the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed (the “S-4 Registration Statement”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on May 31, 2022 omitted material information with respect to the Business Combination and demanding that the Company and its Board of Directors immediately provide corrective disclosures in an amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement. Subsequent thereto, the Company filed amendments to the S-4 Registration Statement on July 27, 2022, August 23, 2022, September 15, 2022, October 4, 2022 and October 5, 2022 in which it responded to various comments of the SEC staff and otherwise updated its disclosure. In October 2023, the SEC completed its review and declared the S-4 registration statement effective on October 6, 2022. On February 23, 2023 and February 27, 2023, plaintiffs’ securities law firm contacted the Company’s counsel asking who will be negotiating a mootness fee relating to the purported claims set forth in the June 25, 2022 demand letter. The Company vigorously denies that the S-4 Registration Statement, as amended and declared effective, is deficient in any respect and that no additional supplemental disclosures are material or required. The Company believes that the claims asserted in the Demand Letter are without merit and that no further disclosure is required to supplement the S-4 Registration Statement under applicable laws. As of the date of filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, no lawsuit has been filed against the Company by that firm. The firm has indicated its willingness to litigate the matter if a mutually satisfactory resolution cannot be agreed upon; however, Cardio believes that the final outcome will not have a material adverse impact on its financial condition.
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The Company cannot preclude the possibility that claims or lawsuits brought relating to any alleged securities law violations or breaches of fiduciary duty could potentially require significant time and resources to defend and/or settle and distract its management and board of directors from focusing on its business.
Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates
Cardio’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP in the United States. The preparation of its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures requires it to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in Cardio’s financial statements. Cardio bases its estimates on historical experience, known trends and events and various other factors that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Cardio evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Cardio’s actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
While Cardio’s significant accounting policies are described in more detail in Note 2 to its consolidated financial statements, Cardio believes that the following accounting policies are those most critical to the judgments and estimates used in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned-subsidiary, Cardio Diagnostics, LLC. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Fair Value Measurements
The Company adopted the provisions of ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, which defines fair value as used in numerous accounting pronouncements, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure of fair value measurements.
The estimated fair value of certain financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued expenses are carried at historical cost basis, which approximates their fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying amounts of our short- and long-term credit obligations approximate fair value because the effective yields on these obligations, which include contractual interest rates taken together with other features such as concurrent issuances of warrants and/or embedded conversion options, are comparable to rates of returns for instruments of similar credit risk.
ASC 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 820 describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2 – quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable
Level 3 – inputs that are unobservable (for example cash flow modeling inputs based on assumptions)
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Revenue Recognition
The Company hosts its products, Epi+Gen CHD™ and PrecisionCHD™ on InTeleLab’s Elicity platform (the “Provider”). The Provider collects payments from patients upon completion of eligibility screening. Upon receiving a sample collection kit from the Company, patients send their samples to MOgene (the “Lab”), a high complexity CLIA lab, which performs the biomarker assessments. Upon receipt of the raw biomarker data from the Lab, the Company performs all quality control, analytical assessments and report generation and shares test reports with the Provider via their platform. Revenue is recognized upon receipt of payments from the Provider for each completed test at the end of each month.
The Company accounts for revenue under (“ASU”) 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”, using the modified retrospective method. The modified retrospective adoption used by the Company did not result in a material cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit.
The Company determines the measurement of revenue and the timing of revenue recognition utilizing the following core principles:
1. Identifying the contract with a customer;
2. Identifying the performance obligations in the contract;
3. Determining the transaction price;
4. Allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
5. Recognizing revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies its performance obligations.
Patent Costs
Cardio accounts for patents in accordance with ASC 350-30, General Intangibles Other than Goodwill. The Company capitalizes patent costs representing legal fees associated with filing patent applications and amortize them on a straight-line basis. The Company are in the process of evaluating its patents’ estimated useful life and will begin amortizing the patents when they are brought to the market or otherwise commercialized.
Stock-Based Compensation
Cardio accounts for its stock-based awards granted under its employee compensation plan in accordance with ASC Topic No. 718-20, Awards Classified as Equity, which requires the measurement of compensation expense for all share-based compensation granted to employees and non-employee directors at fair value on the date of grant and recognition of compensation expense over the related service period for awards expected to vest. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of its stock options and warrants. The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions including the expected stock price volatility of the Company’s common stock, the risk-free interest rate at the date of grant, the expected vesting term of the grant, expected dividends, and an assumption related to forfeitures of such grants. Changes in these subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate of the Company’s stock options and warrants.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Pursuant to Item 305(e) of Regulation S-K, the Company is not required to provide the information required by this Item as it is a “smaller reporting company.”
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer have concluded that during the period covered by this Report, our disclosure controls and procedures are not effective. As a result, we performed additional analysis as deemed necessary to ensure that our financial statements were prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Accordingly, management believes that the financial statements included in this Form 10-Q present fairly in all material respects our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the period presented.
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Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
We do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all errors and all instances of fraud. Disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Further, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all disclosure controls and procedures, no evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures can provide absolute assurance that we have detected all our control deficiencies and instances of fraud, if any. The design of disclosure controls and procedures also is based partly on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There has not been any change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the six months ended June 30, 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time-to-time, the Company is involved in various civil actions as part of its normal course of business. The Company is not a party to any litigation that is material to ongoing operations as defined in Item 103 of Regulation S-K as of the period ended June 30, 2023.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously described in Item 1A of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, as supplemented in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2023. These risk factors describe some of the assumptions, risks, uncertainties and other factors that could adversely affect our business or that could otherwise result in changes that differ materially from our expectations. We may disclose changes to such risk factors or disclose additional risk factors from time to time in our future filings with the SEC, including as set forth below. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or future results.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
None.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
The Iowa Lease
On July 20, 2023, the Company entered into a lease agreement (the “Iowa Lease”) with 246 Group, LC, dba North Point Crossing, for the lease of approximately 5,060 rentable square feet of medical laboratory and office space (the “Iowa Premises”) known as Suite D, 2545 North Dodge Street, Iowa City, Iowa. The Iowa Premises is in addition to the new Chicago premises described below.
The term of the Iowa Lease is for five years and four months commencing on August 1, 2023 and terminating on November 30, 2028. The Company will initially pay $8,505 per month ($102,060 on an annualized basis and approximately $20.17 per square foot) in rent commencing on December 1, 2023, which includes its pro rata share of property taxes, insurance and common area maintenance, common area utilities and water. Of the approximate $20.17 per square foot initial rent, $5.17 per square foot yearly rent shall be subject to an annual adjustment after the first 12 months of the Iowa Lease. The first month’s rent was paid at the time of execution of the Iowa Lease.
The Company is permitted to occupy the Iowa Premises as of August 1, 2023 for purposes of constructing certain tenant improvements in the Iowa Premises.
The Iowa Lease contains customary representations, warranties, covenants, indemnification provisions, default provisions, and termination provisions for a lease of this nature.
The foregoing description of the Iowa Lease does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full and complete terms of the Iowa Lease, which is attached hereto as Exhibit 10.1 and incorporated herein by this reference.
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The Chicago Lease
On June 15, 2023, the Company entered into an office building lease agreement (the “W. Superior Lease Agreement”) with 311 W. Superior, L.L.C., an Illinois limited liability company, for the lease of approximately 4,973 rentable square feet of general office space (the “W. Superior Premises”) known as Suite 444, 311 W. Superior, Chicago, Illinois. The W. Superior Premises is in addition to the new Iowa Premises described above.
The term of the W. Superior Lease is for 40 months commencing on August 1, 2023 and terminating on November 30, 2026. The Company will initially pay $12,846.92 per month ($154,163 on an annualized basis and approximately $31.00 per square foot) in rent commencing on December 1, 2023, which includes its pro rata share of property taxes, insurance and common area maintenance, common area utilities and water. The base rent will increase annually on August 1 of 2024, 2025 and 2026 to a monthly rate of $13,103.85 ($31.62 per square foot), $13,364.93 ($32.25 per square foot) and $13,634.31 ($32.90 per square foot), respectively. The Company will also be responsible for its 5.4% proportionate share of “Project Operating Costs,” as defined in the W. Superior Lease, to the extent such costs exceed the Project Operating Costs for 2024, which is designated in the W. Superior Lease as the “Base Year.” The Company paid a security deposit of $12,849.50 and first month’s rent for December 2023 upon execution of the W. Superior Lease.
The W. Superior Lease provides a one-time option to extend the lease term for an additional three-year period. The base rent on the extension period will be calculated as a 3% increase over the prior year’s base rent for the first extension year and thereafter, will increase 3% annually for each additional year.
The lease commencement date is the later of August 1, 2023 or upon substantial completion of the “Landlord’s work,” as specified in the W. Superior Lease. However, the Company was granted a pre-term possession right as of July 10, 2023 in order to permit its vendors to install personal IT, signage and additional furniture.
The W. Superior Lease Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, covenants, indemnification provisions, default provisions, and termination provisions for a lease of this nature.
The foregoing description of the W. Superior Lease does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full and complete terms of the W. Superior Lease Agreement, which is attached hereto as Exhibit 10.2 and incorporated herein by this reference.
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The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
| Incorporation by Reference |
| Exhibit Number | Description | Form | Exhibit | Filing Date |
| 2.1 | Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of May 27, 2022 by and among Mana Capital Acquisition Corp., Mana Merger Sub, Inc., Cardio Diagnostics, Inc., and Meeshanthini (Meesha) Dogan, as representatives of the shareholders (included as Annex A to the Proxy Statement/Prospectus) | S-4/A | 2.1 | 10/4/22 |
| 2.2 | Amendment dated September 15, 2022 to Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of May 27, 2022 by and among Mana Capital Acquisition Corp., Mana Merger Sub, Inc., Cardio Diagnostics, Inc., and Meeshanthini (Meesha) Dogan, as representatives of the shareholders | S-4/A | 2.2 | 10/4/22 |
| 2.3 | Waiver Agreement dated as of October 25, 2022 with respect to Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of May 27, 2022, as amended on September 15, 2022 | 8-K | 2.3 | 10/31/22 |
| 3.1 | Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Cardio Diagnostics Holdings, Inc., dated May 30, 2023 | 8-K | 3.1 | 5/30/23 |
| 3.2 | By-laws | S-1 | 3.3 | 10/19/21 |
| 4.1 | Specimen Stock Certificate | S-1/A | 4.2 | 11/10/21 |
| 4.2 | Specimen Warrant Certificate (contained in Exhibit 4.3) | 8-K | 4.1 | 11/26/21 |
| 4.3 | Warrant Agreement, dated November 22, 2021, by and between the Company and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent | 8-K | 4.1 | 11/26/21 |
| 4.4 | Convertible Debenture, dated March 8, 2023 | 8-K | 4.1 | 3/13/23 |
| 4.5 | Description of Securities | 10-K | 4.5 | 3/31/23 |
| 10.1*§ | Lease Agreement, dated July 20, 2023, by and between the Company and 246 Group LC dba North Point Crossing (the “Iowa Lease”) |
| 10.2* | Office Building Lease, dated June 15, 2023, by and between the Company and 311 W. Superior, L.L.C. (the “Chicago Lease”) |
| 10.3 | Letter Agreement dated June 2, 2023 amending the Securities Purchase Agreement dated March 8, 2023 (which agreement was previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Original 8-K on March 13, 2023) | 8-K | 10.1 | 6/5/23 |
| 10.4# | Form of Board of Directors Agreement | 8-K | 10.1 | 6/22/23 |
| 31.1* | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
| 31.2* | Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
| 32.1+ | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S. C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
| 32.2+ | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
| 101.INS* | Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document) |
| 101.SCH* | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. |
| 101.CAL* | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
| 101.DEF* | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |
| 101.LAB* | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |
| 101.PRE* | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
| 104* | Cover Page Interactive Date File (embedded with the Inline XBRL document) |

| * | Filed herewith. |
| § | Certain of the exhibits or schedules to this Exhibit have been omitted in accordance with Regulation S-K Item 601(a)(5). The Registrant agrees to furnish a copy of all omitted exhibits and schedules to the SEC upon its request; provided, however, that the Registrant may request confidential treatment pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Exchange Act, as amended, for any schedule or exhibit so furnished. |
| + | Furnished herewith. The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 and Exhibit 32.2 that accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are deemed furnished and not filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Cardio Diagnostics Holdings, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing. |
| # | Indicates a management contract or compensatory contract, plan or arrangement. |

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| Cardio Diagnostics Holdings, Inc. |
| Date: August 14, 2023 | By: | /s/ Elisa Luqman |
| Elisa Luqman |
| Chief Financial Officer |

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Question: What is the percentage change in the company's gross margin from Q1 to Q2 in 2023 if Q1 revenue is half of six months revenue ending June 2023 and Q1 operating expenses are half of six months operating expenses ending June 2023?

Solution:
def solution():
     #Define variables name and value

    six_month_revenue_2023 = 1725 #in thousands
    six_month_operating_expenses_2023 = 4257.995  #in thousands

    #Calculate Q1 and Q2 revenues and operating expenses.
    Q1_revenue_2023 = six_month_revenue_2023/2   
    Q2_revenue_2023 = six_month_revenue_2023 - Q1_revenue_2023 
    Q1_operating_expenses_2023 = six_month_operating_expenses_2023/2
    Q2_operating_expenses_2023 = six_month_operating_expenses_2023 - Q1_operating_expenses_2023

    #Calculate Gross margin = Revenue - Operating expenses for Q1 and Q2
    Q1_gross_margin_2023 = Q1_revenue_2023 - Q1_operating_expenses_2023
    Q2_gross_margin_2023 = Q2_revenue_2023 - Q2_operating_expenses_2023

    # Calculate the percentage change in gross margin from Q1 to Q2
    gross_margin_change_percentage = (Q2_gross_margin_2023 - Q1_gross_margin_2023) / abs(Q1_gross_margin_2023) * 100
    return gross_margin_change_percentage


Answer: 0