AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-english-full-a-to-z huggingface dataset:
spermoblast: one of the cells formed by the division of the spermospore, each of which is destined to become a spermatozoid; a spermatocyte; a spermatoblast.
spermoderm: the covering of a seed; -- sometimes limited to the outer coat or testa.
spermogonium: a conceptacle of certain lichens, which contains spermatia.
spermophile: any ground squirrel of the genus spermophilus; a gopher. see illust. under gopher.
spermophyta: plants which produce seed; phaenogamia. these plants constitute the highest grand division of the vegetable kingdom.
spermophyte: any plant which produces true seeds; -- a term recently proposed to replace ph/nogam.
spermosphere: a mass or ball of cells formed by the repeated division of a male germinal cell (spermospore), each constituent cell (spermoblast) of which is converted into a spermatozoid; a spermatogemma.
spermospore: the male germinal or seminal cell, from the breaking up of which the spermoblasts are formed and ultimately the spermatozoids; a spermatospore.
sperrylite: an arsenide of platinum occuring in grains and minute isometric crystals of tin-white color. it is found near sudbury, ontario canada, and is the only known compound of platinum occuring in nature.
spetches: parings and refuse of hides, skins, etc., from which glue is made.
spew: to eject from the stomach; to vomit.-to cast forth with abhorrence or disgust; to eject.-to vomit.-to eject seed, as wet land swollen with frost.-that which is vomited; vomit.
sphaerenchyma: vegetable tissue composed of thin-walled rounded cells, -- a modification of parenchyma.
sphaeridium: a peculiar sense organ found upon the exterior of most kinds of sea urchins, and consisting of an oval or sherical head surmounting a short pedicel. it is generally supposed to be an olfactory organ.
sphaerospore: one of the nonsexual spores found in red algae; a tetraspore.
sphagnous: pertaining to moss of the genus sphagnum, or bog moss; abounding in peat or bog moss.
sphagnum: a genus of mosses having white leaves slightly tinged with red or green and found growing in marshy places; bog moss; peat moss.
sphalerite: zinc sulphide; -- called also blende, black-jack, false galena, etc. see blende (a).
sphene: a mineral found usually in thin, wedge-shaped crystals of a yellow or green to black color. it is a silicate of titanium and calcium; titanite.
sphenethmoid: of or pertaining to both the sphenoidal and the ethmoidal regions of the skull, or the sphenethmoid bone; sphenethmoidal.-the sphenethmoid bone.
sphenethmoidal: relating to the sphenoethmoid bone; sphenoethmoid.
spheno-: a combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the sphenoid bone; as in sphenomaxillary, sphenopalatine.
sphenography: the art of writing in cuneiform characters, or of deciphering inscriptions made in such characters.
sphenoid: wedge-shaped; as, a sphenoid crystal.-of or pertaining to the sphenoid bone.-a wedge-shaped crystal bounded by four equal isosceles triangles. it is the hemihedral form of a square pyramid.-the sphenoid bone.
sphenoidal: sphenoid.-pertaining to, or resembling, a sphenoid.
sphenotic: of, pertaining to, or designating, the sphenotic bone.-the sphenotic bone.
spheral: of or pertaining to a sphere or the spheres.-rounded like a sphere; sphere-shaped; hence, symmetrical; complete; perfect.
sphere: a body or space contained under a single surface, which in every part is equally distant from a point within called its center.-hence, any globe or globular body, especially a celestial one, as the sun, a planet, or the earth.-the apparent surface of the heavens, which is assumed to be spherical and everywhere equally distant, in which the heavenly bodies appear to have their places, and on which the various astronomical circles, as of right ascension and declination, the equator, ecliptic, etc., are conceived to be drawn; an ideal geometrical sphere, with the astronomical and geographical circles in their proper positions on it.-in ancient astronomy, one of the concentric and eccentric revolving spherical transparent shells in which the stars, sun, planets, and moon were supposed to be set, and by which they were carried, in such a manner as to produce their apparent motions.-the extension of a general conception, or the totality of the individuals or species to which it may be applied.-circuit or range of action, knowledge, or influence; compass; province; employment; place of existence.-rank; order of society; social positions.-an orbit, as of a star; a socket.-to place in a sphere, or among the spheres; to insphere.-to form into roundness; to make spherical, or spheral; to perfect.
spheric: having the form of a sphere; like a sphere; globular; orbicular; as, a spherical body.-of or pertaining to a sphere.-of or pertaining to the heavenly orbs, or to the sphere or spheres in which, according to ancient astronomy and astrology, they were set.
sphericity: the quality or state of being spherial; roundness; as, the sphericity of the planets, or of a drop of water.
spherics: the doctrine of the sphere; the science of the properties and relations of the circles, figures, and other magnitudes of a sphere, produced by planes intersecting it; spherical geometry and trigonometry.
spheroconic: a nonplane curve formed by the intersection of the surface of an oblique cone with the surface of a sphere whose center is at the vertex of the cone.
spherograph: an instrument for facilitating the practical use of spherics in navigation and astronomy, being constructed of two cardboards containing various circles, and turning upon each other in such a manner that any possible spherical triangle may be readily found, and the measures of the parts read off by inspection.
spheroid: a body or figure approaching to a sphere, but not perfectly spherical; esp., a solid generated by the revolution of an ellipse about one of its axes.
spheromere: any one of the several symmetrical segments arranged around the central axis and composing the body of a radiate anmal.
spherometer: an instrument for measuring the curvature of spherical surface, as of lenses for telescope, etc.
spherulate: covered or set with spherules; having one or more rows of spherules, or minute tubercles.
spherule: a little sphere or spherical body; as, quicksilver, when poured upon a plane, divides itself into a great number of minute spherules.
spherulite: a minute spherical crystalline body having a radiated structure, observed in some vitreous volcanic rocks, as obsidian and pearlstone.
spherulitic: of or pertaining to a spherulite; characterized by the presence of spherulites.
sphex: any one of numerous species of sand wasps of the genus sphex and allied genera. these wasps have the abdomen attached to the thorax by a slender pedicel. see illust. of sand wasp, under sand.
sphincter: a muscle which surrounds, and by its contraction tends to close, a natural opening; as, the sphincter of the bladder.-of, pertaining to, or designating, a sphincter; as, a sphincter muscle.
sphingid: a sphinx.-of or pertaining to a sphinx, or the family sphingidae.
sphinx: in egyptian art, an image of granite or porphyry, having a human head, or the head of a ram or of a hawk, upon the wingless body of a lion.-on greek art and mythology, a she-monster, usually represented as having the winged body of a lion, and the face and breast of a young woman.-hence: a person of enigmatical character and purposes, especially in politics and diplomacy.-any one of numerous species of large moths of the family sphingidae; -- called also hawk moth.-the guinea, or sphinx, baboon (cynocephalus sphinx).
sphragistics: the science of seals, their history, age, distinctions, etc., esp. as verifying the age and genuiness of documents.
sphrigosis: a condition of vegetation in which there is too abundant growth of the stem and leaves, accompanied by deficiency of flowers and fruit.
sphygmogram: a tracing, called a pulse tracing, consisting of a series of curves corresponding with the beats of the heart, obtained by the application of the sphygmograph.
sphygmograph: an instrument which, when applied over an artery, indicates graphically the movements or character of the pulse. see sphygmogram.
sphygmographic: relating to, or produced by, a sphygmograph; as, a sphygmographic tracing.
sphygmometer: an instrument for measuring the strength of the pulse beat; a sphygmograph.
sphygmophone: an electrical instrument for determining by the ear the rhythm of the pulse of a person at a distance.
sphyraenoid: of or pertaining to the sphyraenidae, a family of marine fishes including the barracudas.
spica: a kind of bandage passing, by successive turns and crosses, from an extremity to the trunk; -- so called from its resemblance to a spike of a barley.-a star of the first magnitude situated in the constellation virgo.
spicated: having the form of a spike, or ear; arranged in a spike or spikes.
spiccato: detached; separated; -- a term indicating that every note is to be performed in a distinct and pointed manner.
spice: species; kind.-a vegetable production of many kinds, fragrant or aromatic and pungent to the taste, as pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg, mace, allspice, ginger, cloves, etc., which are used in cookery and to flavor sauces, pickles, etc.-figuratively, that which enriches or alters the quality of a thing in a small degree, as spice alters the taste of food; that which gives zest or pungency; a slight flavoring; a relish; hence, a small quantity or admixture; a sprinkling; as, a spice of mischief.-to season with spice, or as with spice; to mix aromatic or pungent substances with; to flavor; to season; as, to spice wine; to spice one's words with wit.-to fill or impregnate with the odor of spices.-to render nice or dainty; hence, to render scrupulous.
spicewood: an american shrub (lindera benzoin), the bark of which has a spicy taste and odor; -- called also benjamin, wild allspice, and fever bush.
spicknel: an umbelliferous herb (meum athamanticum) having finely divided leaves, common in europe; -- called also baldmoney, mew, and bearwort.
spicula: a little spike; a spikelet.-a pointed fleshy appendage.-of spiculum
spiculate: covered with, or having, spicules.-covered with minute spiculae, or pointed fleshy appendages; divided into small spikelets.-to sharpen to a point.
spicule: a minute, slender granule, or point.-same as spicula.-any small calcareous or siliceous body found in the tissues of various invertebrate animals, especially in sponges and in most alcyonaria.
spiculispongiae: a division of sponges including those which have independent siliceous spicules.
spicy: flavored with, or containing, spice or spices; fragrant; aromatic; as, spicy breezes.-producing, or abounding with, spices.-fig.: piquant; racy; as, a spicy debate.
spider: any one of numerous species of arachnids comprising the order araneina. spiders have the mandibles converted into poison fangs, or falcers. the abdomen is large and not segmented, with two or three pairs of spinnerets near the end, by means of which they spin threads of silk to form cocoons, or nests, to protect their eggs and young. many species spin also complex webs to entrap the insects upon which they prey. the eyes are usually eight in number (rarely six), and are situated on the back of the cephalothorax. see illust. under araneina.-any one of various other arachnids resembling the true spiders, especially certain mites, as the red spider (see under red).-an iron pan with a long handle, used as a kitchen utensil in frying food. originally, it had long legs, and was used over coals on the hearth.-a trevet to support pans or pots over a fire.-a skeleton, or frame, having radiating arms or members, often connected by crosspieces; as, a casting forming the hub and spokes to which the rim of a fly wheel or large gear is bolted; the body of a piston head; a frame for strengthening a core or mold for a casting, etc.
spider's web: the silken web which is formed by most kinds of spiders, particularly the web spun to entrap their prey. see geometric spider, triangle spider, under geometric, and triangle.
spiderwort: an american endogenous plant (tradescantia virginica), with long linear leaves and ephemeral blue flowers. the name is sometimes extended to other species of the same genus.
spiegel iron: a fusible white cast iron containing a large amount of carbon (from three and a half to six per cent) and some manganese. when the manganese reaches twenty-five per cent and upwards it has a granular structure, and constitutes the alloy ferro manganese, largely used in the manufacture of bessemer steel. called also specular pig iron, spiegel, and spiegeleisen.
spigot: a pin or peg used to stop the vent in a cask; also, the plug of a faucet or cock.
spike: a sort of very large nail; also, a piece of pointed iron set with points upward or outward.-anything resembling such a nail in shape.-an ear of corn or grain.-a kind of flower cluster in which sessile flowers are arranged on an unbranched elongated axis.-to fasten with spikes, or long, large nails; as, to spike down planks.-to set or furnish with spikes.-to fix on a spike.-to stop the vent of (a gun or cannon) by driving a spike nail, or the like into it.-spike lavender. see lavender.
spikebill: the hooded merganser.-the marbled godwit (limosa fedoa).
spiked: of spike-furnished or set with spikes, as corn; fastened with spikes; stopped with spikes.
spikelet: a small or secondary spike; especially, one of the ultimate parts of the in florescence of grasses. see illust. of quaking grass.
spikenard: an aromatic plant. in the united states it is the aralia racemosa, often called spignet, and used as a medicine. the spikenard of the ancients is the nardostachys jatamansi, a native of the himalayan region.  from its blackish roots a perfume for the hair is still prepared in india.-a fragrant essential oil, as that from the nardostachys jatamansi.
spiky: like a spike; spikelike.-having a sharp point, or sharp points; furnished or armed with spikes.
spile: a small plug or wooden pin, used to stop a vent, as in a cask.-a small tube or spout inserted in a tree for conducting sap, as from a sugar maple.-a large stake driven into the ground as a support for some superstructure; a pile.-to supply with a spile or a spigot; to make a small vent in, as a cask.
spilikin: one of a number of small pieces or pegs of wood, ivory, bone, or other material, for playing a game, or for counting the score in a game, as in cribbage. in the plural (spilikinsspilikins (pl. ) of spilikin
), a game played with such pieces; pushpin.
spill: a bit of wood split off; a splinter.-a slender piece of anything.-a peg or pin for plugging a hole, as in a cask; a spile.-a metallic rod or pin.-a small roll of paper, or slip of wood, used as a lamplighter, etc.-one of the thick laths or poles driven horizontally ahead of the main timbering in advancing a level in loose ground.-a little sum of money.-to cover or decorate with slender pieces of wood, metal, ivory, etc.; to inlay.-to destroy; to kill; to put an end to.-to mar; to injure; to deface; hence, to destroy by misuse; to waste.-to suffer to fall or run out of a vessel; to lose, or suffer to be scattered; -- applied to fluids and to substances whose particles are small and loose; as, to spill water from a pail; to spill quicksilver from a vessel; to spill powder from a paper; to spill sand or flour.-to cause to flow out and be lost or wasted; to shed, or suffer to be shed, as in battle or in manslaughter; as, a man spills another's blood, or his own blood.-to relieve a sail from the pressure of the wind, so that it can be more easily reefed or furled, or to lessen the strain.-to be destroyed, ruined, or wasted; to come to ruin; to perish; to waste.-to be shed; to run over; to fall out, and be lost or wasted.
spiller: one who, or that which, spills.-a kind of fishing line with many hooks; a boulter.
spilliard fishing: a system or method of fishing by means of a number of hooks set on snoods all on one line; -- in north america, called trawl fishing, bultow, or bultow fishing, and long-line fishing.
spillway: a sluiceway or passage for superfluous water in a reservoir, to prevent too great pressure on the dam.
spilt: of spill-of spill-imp. & p. p. of spill. spilled.
spin: to draw out, and twist into threads, either by the hand or machinery; as, to spin wool, cotton, or flax; to spin goat's hair; to produce by drawing out and twisting a fibrous material.-to draw out tediously; to form by a slow process, or by degrees; to extend to a great length; -- with out; as, to spin out large volumes on a subject.-to protract; to spend by delays; as, to spin out the day in idleness.-to cause to turn round rapidly; to whirl; to twirl; as, to spin a top.-to form (a web, a cocoon, silk, or the like) from threads produced by the extrusion of a viscid, transparent liquid, which hardens on coming into contact with the air; -- said of the spider, the silkworm, etc.-to shape, as malleable sheet metal, into a hollow form, by bending or buckling it by pressing against it with a smooth hand tool or roller while the metal revolves, as in a lathe.-to practice spinning; to work at drawing and twisting threads; to make yarn or thread from fiber; as, the woman knows how to spin; a machine or jenny spins with great exactness.-to move round rapidly; to whirl; to revolve, as a top or a spindle, about its axis.-to stream or issue in a thread or a small current or jet; as, blood spinsfrom a vein.-to move swifty; as, to spin along the road in a carriage, on a bicycle, etc.-the act of spinning; as, the spin of a top; a spin a bicycle.-velocity of rotation about some specified axis.
spina bifida: a congenital malformation in which the spinal column is cleft at its lower portion, and the membranes of the spinal cord project as an elastic swelling from the gap thus formed.
spinaceous: of, pertaining to, or resembling, the plant spinach, or the family of plants to which it belongs.
spinage: a common pot herb (spinacia oleracea) belonging to the goosefoot family.
spinal: of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the backbone, or vertebral column; rachidian; vertebral.-of or pertaining to a spine or spines.
spindle: the long, round, slender rod or pin in spinning wheels by which the thread is twisted, and on which, when twisted, it is wound; also, the pin on which the bobbin is held in a spinning machine, or in the shuttle of a loom.-a slender rod or pin on which anything turns; an axis; as, the spindle of a vane.-the shaft, mandrel, or arbor, in a machine tool, as a lathe or drilling machine, etc., which causes the work to revolve, or carries a tool or center, etc.-the vertical rod on which the runner of a grinding mill turns.-a shaft or pipe on which a core of sand is formed.-the fusee of a watch.-a long and slender stalk resembling a spindle.-a yarn measure containing, in cotton yarn, 15,120 yards; in linen yarn, 14,400 yards.-a solid generated by the revolution of a curved line about its base or double ordinate or chord.-any marine univalve shell of the genus rostellaria; -- called also spindle stromb.-any marine gastropod of the genus fusus.-to shoot or grow into a long, slender stalk or body; to become disproportionately tall and slender.
spindle-shaped: having the shape of a spindle.-thickest in the middle, and tapering to both ends; fusiform; -- applied chiefly to roots.
spindleshanks: a person with slender shanks, or legs; -- used humorously or in contempt.
spindleworm: the larva of a noctuid mmoth (achatodes zeae) which feeds inside the stalks of corn (maize), sometimes causing much damage. it is smooth, with a black head and tail and a row of black dots across each segment.
spindling: of spindle-long and slender, or disproportionately tall and slender; as, a spindling tree; a spindling boy.
spine: a sharp appendage to any of a plant; a thorn.-a rigid and sharp projection upon any part of an animal.-one of the rigid and undivided fin rays of a fish.-the backbone, or spinal column, of an animal; -- so called from the projecting processes upon the vertebrae.-anything resembling the spine or backbone; a ridge.
spine-finned: having fine supported by spinous fin rays; -- said of certain fishes.
spinebill: any species of australian birds of the genus acanthorhynchus. they are related to the honey eaters.
spinel: alt. of spinelle-bleached yarn in making the linen tape called inkle; unwrought inkle.
spinelle: a mineral occuring in octahedrons of great hardness and various colors, as red, green, blue, brown, and black, the red variety being the gem spinel ruby. it consist essentially of alumina and magnesia, but commonly contains iron and sometimes also chromium.
spinescent: becoming hard and thorny; tapering gradually to a rigid, leafless point; armed with spines.
spinet: a keyed instrument of music resembling a harpsichord, but smaller, with one string of brass or steel wire to each note, sounded by means of leather or quill plectrums or jacks. it was formerly much used.-a spinny.
spinetail: any one or several species of swifts of the genus acanthylis, or chaetura, and allied genera, in which the shafts of the tail feathers terminate in rigid spines.-any one of several species of south american and central american clamatorial birds belonging to synallaxis and allied genera of the family dendrocolaptidae. they are allied to the ovenbirds.-the ruddy duck.
spiniferous: producing spines; bearing thorns or spines; thorny; spiny.
spinnaker: a large triangular sail set upon a boom, -- used when running before the wind.
spinner: one who, or that which, spins one skilled in spinning; a spinning machine.-a spider.-a goatsucker; -- so called from the peculiar noise it makes when darting through the air.-a spinneret.
spinneret: one of the special jointed organs situated on the under side, and near the end, of the abdomen of spiders, by means of which they spin their webs. most spiders have three pairs of spinnerets, but some have only two pairs. the ordinary silk line of the spider is composed of numerous smaller lines jointed after issuing from the spinnerets.
spinny: a small thicket or grove with undergrowth; a clump of trees.-thin and long; slim; slender.
spinous: spinose; thorny.-having the form of a spine or thorn; spinelike.
spinozism: the form of pantheism taught by benedict spinoza, that there is but one substance, or infinite essence, in the universe, of which the so-called material and spiritual beings and phenomena are only modes, and that one this one substance is god.
spinster: a woman who spins, or whose occupation is to spin.-a man who spins.-an unmarried or single woman; -- used in legal proceedings as a title, or addition to the surname.-a woman of evil life and character; -- so called from being forced to spin in a house of correction.
spiny: full of spines; thorny; as, a spiny tree.-like a spine in shape; slender.-fig.: abounding with difficulties or annoyances.-see spinny.
spiodea: an extensive division of marine annelida, including those that are without oral tentacles or cirri, and have the gills, when present, mostly arranged along the sides of the body. they generally live in burrows or tubes.
spiracle: the nostril, or one of the nostrils, of whales, porpoises, and allied animals.-one of the external openings communicating with the air tubes or tracheae of insects, myriapods, and arachnids. they are variable in number, and are usually situated on the sides of the thorax and abdomen, a pair to a segment. these openings are usually elliptical, and capable of being closed. see illust. under coleoptera.-a tubular orifice communicating with the gill cavity of certain ganoid and all elasmobranch fishes. it is the modified first gill cleft.-any small aperture or vent for air or other fluid.
spiraea: a genus of shrubs or perennial herbs including the meadowsweet and the hardhack.
spiraeic: of, pertaining to, or derived from, the meadowsweet (spiraea); formerly, designating an acid which is now called salicylic acid.