AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-english-full-a-to-z huggingface dataset:
reed: red.-same as rede.-the fourth stomach of a ruminant; rennet.-a name given to many tall and coarse grasses or grasslike plants, and their slender, often jointed, stems, such as the various kinds of bamboo, and especially the common reed of europe and north america (phragmites communis).-a musical instrument made of the hollow joint of some plant; a rustic or pastoral pipe.-an arrow, as made of a reed.-straw prepared for thatching a roof.-a small piece of cane or wood attached to the mouthpiece of certain instruments, and set in vibration by the breath. in the clarinet it is a single fiat reed; in the oboe and bassoon it is double, forming a compressed tube.-one of the thin pieces of metal, the vibration of which produce the tones of a melodeon, accordeon, harmonium, or seraphine; also attached to certain sets or registers of pipes in an organ.-a frame having parallel flat stripe of metal or reed, between which the warp threads pass, set in the swinging lathe or batten of a loom for beating up the weft; a sley. see batten.-a tube containing the train of powder for igniting the charge in blasting.-same as reeding.
reedbird: the bobolink.-one of several small asiatic singing birds of the genera sch/nicola and eurycercus; -- called also reed babbler.
reeded: civered with reeds; reedy.-formed with channels and ridges like reeds.
reeding: a small convex molding; a reed (see illust. (i) of molding); one of several set close together to decorate a surface; also, decoration by means of reedings; -- the reverse of fluting.-the nurling on the edge of a coin; -- commonly called milling.
reedling: the european bearded titmouse (panurus biarmicus); -- called also reed bunting, bearded pinnock, and lesser butcher bird.
reedy: abounding with reeds; covered with reeds.-having the quality of reed in tone, that is, ///// and thin^ as some voices.
reef: a chain or range of rocks lying at or near the surface of the water. see coral reefs, under coral.-a large vein of auriferous quartz; -- so called in australia. hence, any body of rock yielding valuable ore.-that part of a sail which is taken in or let out by means of the reef points, in order to adapt the size of the sail to the force of the wind.-to reduce the extent of (as a sail) by roiling or folding a certain portion of it and making it fast to the yard or spar.
reef-band: a piece of canvas sewed across a sail to strengthen it in the part where the eyelet holes for reefing are made.
reefer: one who reefs; -- a name often given to midshipmen.-a close-fitting lacket or short coat of thick cloth.
reek: a rick.-vapor; steam; smoke; fume.-to emit vapor, usually that which is warm and moist; to be full of fumes; to steam; to smoke; to exhale.
reeky: soiled with smoke or steam; smoky; foul.-emitting reek.
reel: a lively dance of the highlanders of scotland; also, the music to the dance; -- often called scotch reel.-a frame with radial arms, or a kind of spool, turning on an axis, on which yarn, threads, lines, or the like, are wound; as, a log reel, used by seamen; an angler's reel; a garden reel.-a machine on which yarn is wound and measured into lays and hanks, -- for cotton or linen it is fifty-four inches in circuit; for worsted, thirty inches.-a device consisting of radial arms with horizontal stats, connected with a harvesting machine, for holding the stalks of grain in position to be cut by the knives.-to roll.-to wind upon a reel, as yarn or thread.-to incline, in walking, from one side to the other; to stagger.-to have a whirling sensation; to be giddy.-the act or motion of reeling or staggering; as, a drunken reel.
reelection: election a second time, or anew; as, the reelection of a former chief.
reeler: one who reels.-the grasshopper warbler; -- so called from its note.
reeligible: eligible again; capable of reelection; as, reeligible to the same office.
reem: the hebrew name of a horned wild animal, probably the urus.-to open (the seams of a vessel's planking) for the purpose of calking them.
reembark: to put, or go, on board a vessel again; to embark again.
reenactment: the enacting or passing of a law a second time; the renewal of a law.
reenforcement: the act of reenforcing, or the state of being reenforced.-that which reenforces; additional force; especially, additional troops or force to augment the strength of any army, or ships to strengthen a navy or fleet.
reenter: to enter again.-to cut deeper, as engraved lines on a plate of metal, when the engraving has not been deep enough, or the plate has become worn in printing.-to enter anew or again.
reentering: the process of applying additional colors, by applications of printing blocks, to patterns already partly colored.
reentrant: reentering; pointing or directed inwardds; as, a re/ntrant angle.
reentry: a second or new entry; as, a reentry into public life.-a resuming or retaking possession of what one has lately foregone; -- applied especially to land; the entry by a lessor upon the premises leased, on failure of the tenant to pay rent or perform the covenants in the lease.
reestablish: to establish anew; to fix or confirm again; to restore; as, to reestablish a covenant; to reestablish health.
reeve: the female of the ruff.-to pass, as the end of a pope, through any hole in a block, thimble, cleat, ringbolt, cringle, or the like.-an officer, steward, bailiff, or governor; -- used chiefly in compounds; as, shirereeve, now written sheriff; portreeve, etc.
reexchange: to exchange anew; to reverse (a previous exchange).-a renewed exchange; a reversal of an exchange.-the expense chargeable on a bill of exchange or draft which has been dishonored in a foreign country, and returned to the country in which it was made or indorsed, and then taken up.
reexport: to export again, as what has been imported.-any commodity reexported; -- chiefly in the plural.
refashionment: the act of refashioning, or the state of being refashioned.
refectory: a room for refreshment; originally, a dining hall in monasteries or convents.
refel: to refute; to disprove; as, to refel the tricks of a sophister.
refer: to carry or send back.-hence: to send or direct away; to send or direct elsewhere, as for treatment, aid, information, decision, etc.; to make over, or pass over, to another; as, to refer a student to an author; to refer a beggar to an officer; to refer a bill to a committee; a court refers a matter of fact to a commissioner for investigation, or refers a question of law to a superior tribunal.-to place in or under by a mental or rational process; to assign to, as a class, a cause, source, a motive, reason, or ground of explanation; as, he referred the phenomena to electrical disturbances.-to have recourse; to apply; to appeal; to betake one's self; as, to refer to a dictionary.-to have relation or reference; to relate; to point; as, the figure refers to a footnote.-to carry the mind or thought; to direct attention; as, the preacher referred to the late election.-to direct inquiry for information or a guarantee of any kind, as in respect to one's integrity, capacity, pecuniary ability, and the like; as, i referred to his employer for the truth of his story.
referable: capable of being referred, or considered in relation to something else; assignable; ascribable.
referee: one to whom a thing is referred; a person to whom a matter in dispute has been referred, in order that he may settle it.
reference: the act of referring, or the state of being referred; as, reference to a chart for guidance.-that which refers to something; a specific direction of the attention; as, a reference in a text-book.-relation; regard; respect.-one who, or that which, is referred to.-one of whom inquires can be made as to the integrity, capacity, and the like, of another.-a work, or a passage in a work, to which one is referred.-the act of submitting a matter in dispute to the judgment of one or more persons for decision.-the process of sending any matter, for inquiry in a cause, to a master or other officer, in order that he may ascertain facts and report to the court.-appeal.
referendary: one to whose decision a cause is referred; a referee.-an officer who delivered the royal answer to petitions.-formerly, an officer of state charged with the duty of procuring and dispatching diplomas and decrees.
referendum: a diplomatic agent's note asking for instructions from his government concerning a particular matter or point.-the right to approve or reject by popular vote a meassure passed upon by a legislature.
referential: containing a reference; pointing to something out of itself; as, notes for referential use.
refine: to reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; to free from impurities; to free from dross or alloy; to separate from extraneous matter; to purify; to defecate; as, to refine gold or silver; to refine iron; to refine wine or sugar.-to purify from what is gross, coarse, vulgar, inelegant, low, and the like; to make elegant or exellent; to polish; as, to refine the manners, the language, the style, the taste, the intellect, or the moral feelings.-to become pure; to be cleared of feculent matter.-to improve in accuracy, delicacy, or excellence.-to affect nicety or subtilty in thought or language.
refined: of refine-freed from impurities or alloy; purifed; polished; cultured; delicate; as; refined gold; refined language; refined sentiments.
refinement: the act of refining, or the state of being refined; as, the refinement or metals; refinement of ideas.-that which is refined, elaborated, or polished to excess; an affected subtilty; as, refinements of logic.
refinery: the building and apparatus for refining or purifying, esp. metals and sugar.-a furnace in which cast iron is refined by the action of a blast on the molten metal.
refit: to fit or prepare for use again; to repair; to restore after damage or decay; as, to refit a garment; to refit ships of war.-to fit out or supply a second time.-to obtain repairs or supplies; as, the fleet returned to refit.
reflect: to bend back; to give a backwa/d turn to; to throw back; especially, to cause to return after striking upon any surface; as, a mirror reflects rays of light; polished metals reflect heat.-to give back an image or likeness of; to mirror.-to throw back light, heat, or the like; to return rays or beams.-to be sent back; to rebound as from a surface; to revert; to return.-to throw or turn back the thoughts upon anything; to contemplate. specifically: to attend earnestly to what passes within the mind; to attend to the facts or phenomena of consciousness; to use attention or earnest thought; to meditate; especially, to think in relation to moral truth or rules.-to cast reproach; to cause censure or dishonor.
reflected: of reflect-thrown back after striking a surface; as, reflected light, heat, sound, etc.-hence: not one's own; received from another; as, his glory was reflected glory.-bent backward or outward; reflexed.
reflectent: bending or flying back; reflected.-reflecting; as, a reflectent body.
reflecting: of reflect-throwing back light, heat, etc., as a mirror or other surface.-given to reflection or serious consideration; reflective; contemplative; as, a reflecting mind.
reflection: the act of reflecting, or turning or sending back, or the state of being reflected.-the return of rays, beams, sound, or the like, from a surface. see angle of reflection, below.-the reverting of the mind to that which has already occupied it; continued consideration; meditation; contemplation; hence, also, that operation or power of the mind by which it is conscious of its own acts or states; the capacity for judging rationally, especially in view of a moral rule or standard.-shining; brightness, as of the sun.-that which is produced by reflection.-an image given back from a reflecting surface; a reflected counterpart.-a part reflected, or turned back, at an angle; as, the reflection of a membrane.-result of meditation; thought or opinion after attentive consideration or contemplation; especially, thoughts suggested by truth.-censure; reproach cast.-the transference of an excitement from one nerve fiber to another by means of the nerve cells, as in reflex action. see reflex action, under reflex.
reflective: throwing back images; as, a reflective mirror.-capable of exercising thought or judgment; as, reflective reason.-addicted to introspective or meditative habits; as, a reflective person.-reflexive; reciprocal.
reflector: one who, or that which, reflects.-something having a polished surface for reflecting light or heat, as a mirror, a speculum, etc.-a reflecting telescope.-a device for reflecting sound.
reflex: directed back; attended by reflection; retroactive; introspective.-produced in reaction, in resistance, or in return.-of, pertaining to, or produced by, stimulus or excitation without the necessary intervention of consciousness.-reflection; the light reflected from an illuminated surface to one in shade.-an involuntary movement produced by reflex action.-to reflect.-to bend back; to turn back.
reflexibility: the quality or capability of being reflexible; as, the reflexibility of the rays of light.
reflexive: bending or turned backward; reflective; having respect to something past.-implying censure.-having for its direct object a pronoun which refers to the agent or subject as its antecedent; -- said of certain verbs; as, the witness perjured himself; i bethought myself. applied also to pronouns of this class; reciprocal; reflective.
reflorescence: a blossoming anew of a plant after it has apparently ceased blossoming for the season.
reflux: returning, or flowing back; reflex; as, reflux action.-a flowing back, as the return of a fluid; ebb; reaction; as, the flux and reflux of the tides.
reforge: to forge again or anew; hence, to fashion or fabricate anew; to make over.
reform: to put into a new and improved form or condition; to restore to a former good state, or bring from bad to good; to change from worse to better; to amend; to correct; as, to reform a profligate man; to reform corrupt manners or morals.-to return to a good state; to amend or correct one's own character or habits; as, a man of settled habits of vice will seldom reform.-amendment of what is defective, vicious, corrupt, or depraved; reformation; as, reform of elections; reform of government.
reformado: a monk of a reformed order.-an officer who, in disgrace, is deprived of his command, but retains his rank, and sometimes his pay.
reformation: the act of reforming, or the state of being reformed; change from worse to better; correction or amendment of life, manners, or of anything vicious or corrupt; as, the reformation of manners; reformation of the age; reformation of abuses.-specifically (eccl. hist.), the important religious movement commenced by luther early in the sixteenth century, which resulted in the formation of the various protestant churches.
reformatory: tending to produce reformation; reformative.-an institution for promoting the reformation of offenders.
reformed: corrected; amended; restored to purity or excellence; said, specifically, of the whole body of protestant churches originating in the reformation. also, in a more restricted sense, of those who separated from luther on the doctrine of consubstantiation, etc., and carried the reformation, as they claimed, to a higher point. the protestant churches founded by them in switzerland, france, holland, and part of germany, were called the reformed churches.-amended in character and life; as, a reformed gambler or drunkard.-retained in service on half or full pay after the disbandment of the company or troop; -- said of an officer.
reformer: one who effects a reformation or amendment; one who labors for, or urges, reform; as, a reformer of manners, or of abuses.-one of those who commenced the reformation of religion in the sixteenth century, as luther, melanchthon, zwingli, and calvin.
refound: to found or cast anew.-to found or establish again; to re/stablish.-imp. & p. p. of refind, v. t.
refract: to bend sharply and abruptly back; to break off.-to break the natural course of, as rays of light orr heat, when passing from one transparent medium to another of different density; to cause to deviate from a direct course by an action distinct from reflection; as, a dense medium refrcts the rays of light as they pass into it from a rare medium.
refracted: of refract-bent backward angularly, as if half-broken; as, a refracted stem or leaf.-turned from a direct course by refraction; as, refracted rays of light.
refracting: of refract-serving or tending to refract; as, a refracting medium.
refraction: the act of refracting, or the state of being refracted.-the change in the direction of ray of light, heat, or the like, when it enters obliquely a medium of a different density from that through which it has previously moved.-the change in the direction of a ray of light, and, consequently, in the apparent position of a heavenly body from which it emanates, arising from its passage through the earth's atmosphere; -- hence distinguished as atmospheric refraction, or astronomical refraction.-the correction which is to be deducted from the apparent altitude of a heavenly body on account of atmospheric refraction, in order to obtain the true altitude.
refractive: serving or having power to refract, or turn from a direct course; pertaining to refraction; as, refractive surfaces; refractive powers.
refractor: anything that refracts-a refracting telescope, in which the image to be viewed is formed by the refraction of light in passing through a convex lens.
refractory: obstinate in disobedience; contumacious; stubborn; unmanageable; as, a refractory child; a refractory beast.-resisting ordinary treatment; difficult of fusion, reduction, or the like; -- said especially of metals and the like, which do not readily yield to heat, or to the hammer; as, a refractory ore.-a refractory person.-refractoriness.-opottery) a piece of ware covered with a vaporable flux and placed in a kiln, to communicate a glaze to the other articles.
refracture: a second breaking (as of a badly set bone) by the surgeon.-to break again, as a bone.
refrain: to hold back; to restrain; to keep within prescribed bounds; to curb; to govern.-to abstain from-to keep one's self from action or interference; to hold aloof; to forbear; to abstain.-the burden of a song; a phrase or verse which recurs at the end of each of the separate stanzas or divisions of a poetic composition.
refrangible: capable of being refracted, or turned out of a direct course, in passing from one medium to another, as rays of light.
refresh: to make fresh again; to restore strength, spirit, animation, or the like, to; to relieve from fatigue or depression; to reinvigorate; to enliven anew; to reanimate; as, sleep refreshes the body and the mind.-to make as if new; to repair; to restore.-the act of refreshing.
refresher: one who, or that which, refreshes.-an extra fee paid to counsel in a case that has been adjourned from one term to another, or that is unusually protracted.
refreshment: the act of refreshing, or the state of being refreshed; restoration of strength, spirit, vigor, or liveliness; relief after suffering; new life or animation after depression.-that which refreshes; means of restoration or reanimation; especially, an article of food or drink.
refrigerant: cooling; allaying heat or fever.-that which makes to be cool or cold; specifically, a medicine or an application for allaying fever, or the symptoms of fever; -- used also figuratively.
refrigeration: the act or process of refrigerating or cooling, or the state of being cooled.
refrigerator: that which refrigerates or makes cold; that which keeps cool.-a box or room for keeping food or other articles cool, usually by means of ice.-an apparatus for rapidly cooling heated liquids or vapors, connected with a still, etc.
refrigeratory: mitigating heat; cooling.-that which refrigerates or cools.-in distillation, a vessel filled with cold water, surrounding the worm, the vapor in which is thereby condensed.-the chamber, or tank, in which ice is formed, in an ice machine.
refringency: the power possessed by a substance to refract a ray; as, different substances have different refringencies.
refringent: pertaining to, or possessing, refringency; refractive; refracting; as, a refringent prism of spar.
reft: of reave-bereft.-a chink; a rift. see rift.
refuge: shelter or protection from danger or distress.-that which shelters or protects from danger, or from distress or calamity; a stronghold which protects by its strength, or a sanctuary which secures safety by its sacredness; a place inaccessible to an enemy.-an expedient to secure protection or defense; a device or contrivance.-to shelter; to protect.
refugee: one who flees to a shelter, or place of safety.-especially, one who, in times of persecution or political commotion, flees to a foreign power or country for safety; as, the french refugees who left france after the revocation of the edict of nantes.
refulgency: the quality of being refulgent; brilliancy; splender; radiance.
refulgent: casting a bright light; radiant; brilliant; resplendent; shining; splendid; as, refulgent beams.
refund: to fund again or anew; to replace (a fund or loan) by a new fund; as, to refund a railroad loan.-to pour back.-to give back; to repay; to restore.-to supply again with funds; to reimburse.
refusal: the act of refusing; denial of anything demanded, solicited, or offered for acceptance.-the right of taking in preference to others; the choice of taking or refusing; option; as, to give one the refusal of a farm; to have the refusal of an employment.
refuse: to deny, as a request, demand, invitation, or command; to decline to do or grant.-to throw back, or cause to keep back (as the center, a wing, or a flank), out of the regular aligment when troops ar/ about to engage the enemy; as, to refuse the right wing while the left wing attacks.-to decline to accept; to reject; to deny the request or petition of; as, to refuse a suitor.-to disown.-to deny compliance; not to comply.-refusal.-that which is refused or rejected as useless; waste or worthless matter.-refused; rejected; hence; left as unworthy of acceptance; of no value; worthless.
refutable: admitting of being refuted or disproved; capable of being proved false or erroneous.
refutation: the act or process of refuting or disproving, or the state of being refuted; proof of falsehood or error; the overthrowing of an argument, opinion, testimony, doctrine, or theory, by argument or countervailing proof.
refute: to disprove and overthrow by argument, evidence, or countervailing proof; to prove to be false or erroneous; to confute; as, to refute arguments; to refute testimony; to refute opinions or theories; to refute a disputant.
regain: to gain anew; to get again; to recover, as what has escaped or been lost; to reach again.
regal: of or pertaining to a king; kingly; royal; as, regal authority, pomp, or sway.-a small portable organ, played with one hand, the bellows being worked with the other, -- used in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
regale: a prerogative of royalty.-to enerta/n in a regal or sumptuous manner; to enrtertain with something that delights; to gratify; to refresh; as, to regale the taste, the eye, or the ear.-to feast; t/ fare sumtuously.-a sumptuous repast; a banquet.
regalia: that which belongs to royalty. specifically: (a) the rights and prerogatives of a king. (b) royal estates and revenues. (c) ensings, symbols, or paraphernalia of royalty.-hence, decorations or insignia of an office or order, as of freemasons, odd fellows,etc.-sumptuous food; delicacies.-a kind of cigar of large size and superior quality; also, the size in which such cigars are classed.
regalian: pertaining to regalia; pertaining to the royal insignia or prerogatives.