AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-english-full-a-to-z huggingface dataset:
spiral: winding or circling round a center or pole and gradually receding from it; as, the spiral curve of a watch spring.-winding round a cylinder or imaginary axis, and at the same time rising or advancing forward; winding like the thread of a screw; helical.-of or pertaining to a spiral; like a spiral.-a plane curve, not reentrant, described by a point, called the generatrix, moving along a straight line according to a mathematical law, while the line is revolving about a fixed point called the pole.  cf. helix.-anything which has a spiral form, as a spiral shell.
spiralozooid: one of the special defensive zooids of certain hydroids. they have the form of long, slender tentacles, and bear lasso cells.
spirant: a term used differently by different authorities; -- by some as equivalent to fricative, -- that is, as including all the continuous consonants, except the nasals m, n, ng; with the further exception, by others, of the liquids r, l, and the semivowels w, y; by others limited to f, v, th surd and sonant, and the sound of german ch, -- thus excluding the sibilants, as well as the nasals, liquids, and semivowels. see guide to pronunciation, // 197-208.
spire: to breathe.-a slender stalk or blade in vegetation; as, a spire grass or of wheat.-a tapering body that shoots up or out to a point in a conical or pyramidal form. specifically (arch.), the roof of a tower when of a pyramidal form and high in proportion to its width; also, the pyramidal or aspiring termination of a tower which can not be said to have a roof, such as that of strasburg cathedral; the tapering part of a steeple, or the steeple itself.-a tube or fuse for communicating fire to the chargen in blasting.-the top, or uppermost point, of anything; the summit.-to shoot forth, or up in, or as if in, a spire.-a spiral; a curl; a whorl; a twist.-the part of a spiral generated in one revolution of the straight line about the pole. see spiral, n.
spired: of spire-having a spire; being in the form of a spire; as, a spired steeple.
spiricle: one of certain minute coiled threads in the coating of some seeds. when moistened these threads protrude in great numbers.
spirifer: any one of numerous species of fossil brachipods of the genus spirifer, or delthyris, and allied genera, in which the long calcareous supports of the arms form a large spiral, or helix, on each side.
spirillum: a genus of common motile microorganisms (spirobacteria) having the form of spiral-shaped filaments. one species is said to be the cause of relapsing fever.
spirit: air set in motion by breathing; breath; hence, sometimes, life itself.-a rough breathing; an aspirate, as the letter h; also, a mark to denote aspiration; a breathing.-life, or living substance, considered independently of corporeal existence; an intelligence conceived of apart from any physical organization or embodiment; vital essence, force, or energy, as distinct from matter.-the intelligent, immaterial and immortal part of man; the soul, in distinction from the body in which it resides; the agent or subject of vital and spiritual functions, whether spiritual or material.-specifically, a disembodied soul; the human soul after it has left the body.-any supernatural being, good or bad; an apparition; a specter; a ghost; also, sometimes, a sprite,; a fairy; an elf.-energy, vivacity, ardor, enthusiasm, courage, etc.-one who is vivacious or lively; one who evinces great activity or peculiar characteristics of mind or temper; as, a ruling spirit; a schismatic spirit.-temper or disposition of mind; mental condition or disposition; intellectual or moral state; -- often in the plural; as, to be cheerful, or in good spirits; to be downhearted, or in bad spirits.-intent; real meaning; -- opposed to the letter, or to formal statement; also, characteristic quality, especially such as is derived from the individual genius or the personal character; as, the spirit of an enterprise, of a document, or the like.-tenuous, volatile, airy, or vapory substance, possessed of active qualities.-any liquid produced by distillation; especially, alcohol, the spirits, or spirit, of wine (it having been first distilled from wine): -- often in the plural.-rum, whisky, brandy, gin, and other distilled liquors having much alcohol, in distinction from wine and malt liquors.-a solution in alcohol of a volatile principle.  cf. tincture.-any one of the four substances, sulphur, sal ammoniac, quicksilver, or arsenic (or, according to some, orpiment).-stannic chloride. see under stannic.-to animate with vigor; to excite; to encourage; to inspirit; as, civil dissensions often spirit the ambition of private men; -- sometimes followed by up.-to convey rapidly and secretly, or mysteriously, as if by the agency of a spirit; to kidnap; -- often with away, or off.
spirited: of spirit-animated or possessed by a spirit.-animated; full of life or vigor; lively; full of spirit or fire; as, a spirited oration; a spirited answer.
spiritielle: of the nature, or having the appearance, of a spirit; pure; refined; ethereal.
spiritless: destitute of spirit; wanting animation; wanting cheerfulness; dejected; depressed.-destitute of vigor; wanting life, courage, or fire.-having no breath; extinct; dead.
spiritoso: spirited; spiritedly; -- a direction to perform a passage in an animated, lively manner.
spiritual: consisting of spirit; not material; incorporeal; as, a spiritual substance or being.-of or pertaining to the intellectual and higher endowments of the mind; mental; intellectual.-of or pertaining to the moral feelings or states of the soul, as distinguished from the external actions; reaching and affecting the spirits.-of or pertaining to the soul or its affections as influenced by the spirit; controlled and inspired by the divine spirit; proceeding from the holy spirit; pure; holy; divine; heavenly-minded; -- opposed to carnal.-not lay or temporal; relating to sacred things; ecclesiastical; as, the spiritual functions of the clergy; lords spiritual and temporal; a spiritual corporation.-a spiritual function, office, or affair. see spirituality, 2.
spiritual-minded: having the mind set on spiritual things, or filled with holy desires and affections.
spiritualism: the quality or state of being spiritual.-the doctrine, in opposition to the materialists, that all which exists is spirit, or soul -- that what is called the external world is either a succession of notions impressed on the mind by the deity, as maintained by berkeley, or else the mere educt of the mind itself, as taught by fichte.-a belief that departed spirits hold intercourse with mortals by means of physical phenomena, as by rappng, or during abnormal mental states, as in trances, or the like, commonly manifested through a person of special susceptibility, called a medium; spiritism; the doctrines and practices of spiritualists.
spiritualist: one who professes a regard for spiritual things only; one whose employment is of a spiritual character; an ecclesiastic.-one who maintains the doctrine of spiritualism.-one who believes in direct intercourse with departed spirits, through the agency of persons commonly called mediums, by means of physical phenomena; one who attempts to maintain such intercourse; a spiritist.-spiritualistic.
spirituality: the quality or state of being spiritual; incorporeality; heavenly-mindedness.-that which belongs to the church, or to a person as an ecclesiastic, or to religion, as distinct from temporalities.-an ecclesiastical body; the whole body of the clergy, as distinct from, or opposed to, the temporality.
spiritualize: to refine intellectiually or morally; to purify from the corrupting influence of the world; to give a spiritual character or tendency to; as, to spiritualize soul.-to give a spiritual meaning to; to take in a spiritual sense; -- opposed to literalize.-to extract spirit from; also, to convert into, or impregnate with, spirit.
spirituous: having the quality of spirit; tenuous in substance, and having active powers or properties; ethereal; immaterial; spiritual; pure.-containing, or of the nature of, alcoholic (esp. distilled) spirit; consisting of refined spirit; alcoholic; ardent; as, spirituous liquors.-lively; gay; vivid; airy.
spirochaete: a genus of spirobacteria similar to spirillum, but distinguished by its motility. one species, the spirochaete obermeyeri, is supposed to be the cause of relapsing fever.
spirograph: an instrument for recording the respiratory movements, as the sphygmograph does those of the pulse.
spirometer: an instrument for measuring the vital capacity of the lungs, or the volume of air which can be expelled from the chest after the deepest possible inspiration.  cf. pneumatometer.
spiroylous: pertaining to, or designating, a substance now called salicylal.
spirula: a genus of cephalopods having a multilocular, internal, siphunculated shell in the form of a flat spiral, the coils of which are not in contact.
spiry: of a spiral form; wreathed; curled; serpentine.-of or pertaining to a spire; like a spire, tall, slender, and tapering; abounding in spires; as, spiry turrets.
spissated: rendered dense or compact, as by evaporation; inspissated; thickened.
spissitude: the quality or state of being spissated; as, the spissitude of coagulated blood, or of any coagulum.
spit: a long, slender, pointed rod, usually of iron, for holding meat while roasting.-a small point of land running into the sea, or a long, narrow shoal extending from the shore into the sea; as, a spit of sand.-the depth to which a spade goes in digging; a spade; a spadeful.-to thrust a spit through; to fix upon a spit; hence, to thrust through or impale; as, to spit a loin of veal.-to spade; to dig.-to attend to a spit; to use a spit.-of spit-to eject from the mouth; to throw out, as saliva or other matter, from the mouth.-to eject; to throw out; to belch.-the secretion formed by the glands of the mouth; spitle; saliva; sputum.-to throw out saliva from the mouth.-to rain or snow slightly, or with sprinkles.
spit curl: a little lock of hair, plastered in a spiral form on the temple or forehead with spittle, or other adhesive substance.
spitball: paper chewed, and rolled into a ball, to be thrown as a missile.
spitchcock: to split (as an eel) lengthwise, and broil it, or fry it in hot fat.-an eel split and broiled.
spitchcocked: broiled or fried after being split lengthwise; -- said of eels.
spite: ill-will or hatred toward another, accompanied with the disposition to irritate, annoy, or thwart; petty malice; grudge; rancor; despite.-vexation; chargrin; mortification.-to be angry at; to hate.-to treat maliciously; to try to injure or thwart.-to fill with spite; to offend; to vex.
spiteful: filled with, or showing, spite; having a desire to vex, annoy, or injure; malignant; malicious; as, a spiteful person or act.
spitted: of spit-put upon a spit; pierced as if by a spit.-shot out long; -- said of antlers.-p. p. of spit, v. i., to eject, to spit.
spitter: one who ejects saliva from the mouth.-one who puts meat on a spit.-a young deer whose antlers begin to shoot or become sharp; a brocket, or pricket.
spittle: see spital.-to dig or stir with a small spade.-a small sort of spade.-the thick, moist matter which is secreted by the salivary glands; saliva; spit.
spitz dog: a breed of dogs having erect ears and long silky hair, usually white; -- called also pomeranian dog, and louploup.
spitzenburgh: a kind of red and yellow apple, of medium size and spicy flavor. it originated at newtown, on long island.
splanchnapophysis: any element of the skeleton in relation with the alimentary canal, as the jaws and hyoidean apparatus.
splanchno-skeleton: that part of the skeleton connected with the sense organs and the viscera.
splanchnology: that part of anatomy which treats of the viscera; also, a treatise on the viscera.
splanchnopleure: the inner, or visceral, one of the two lamellae into which the vertebrate blastoderm divides on either side of the notochord, and from which the walls of the enteric canal and the umbilical vesicle are developed. see somatopleure.
splash: to strike and dash about, as water, mud, etc.; to plash.-to spatter water, mud, etc., upon; to wet.-to strike and dash about water, mud, etc.; to dash in such a way as to spatter.-water, or water and dirt, thrown upon anything, or thrown from a puddle or the like; also, a spot or daub, as of matter which wets or disfigures.-a noise made by striking upon or in a liquid.
splashboard: a guard in the front part of vehicle, to prevent splashing by a mud or water from the horse's heels; -- in the united states commonly called dashboard.
splasher: one who, or that which, splashes.-one of the guarde over the wheels, as of a carriage, locomotive, etc.-a guard to keep off splashes from anything.
splashy: full of dirty water; wet and muddy, so as be easily splashed about; slushy.
splay: to display; to spread.-to dislocate, as a shoulder bone.-to spay; to castrate.-to turn on one side; to render oblique; to slope or slant, as the side of a door, window, etc.-displayed; spread out; turned outward; hence, flat; ungainly; as, splay shoulders.-a slope or bevel, especially of the sides of a door or window, by which the opening is made larged at one face of the wall than at the other, or larger at each of the faces than it is between them.
splayfoot: a foot that is abnormally flattened and spread out; flat foot.-alt. of splayfooted
spleen: a peculiar glandlike but ductless organ found near the stomach or intestine of most vertebrates and connected with the vascular system; the milt. its exact function in not known.-anger; latent spite; ill humor; malice; as, to vent one's spleen.-a fit of anger; choler.-a sudden motion or action; a fit; a freak; a whim.-melancholy; hypochondriacal affections.-a fit of immoderate laughter or merriment.-to dislke.
spleenful: displaying, or affected with, spleen; angry; fretful; melancholy.
spleenwort: any fern of the genus asplenium, some species of which were anciently used as remedies for disorders of the spleen.
spleeny: irritable; peevish; fretful.-affected with nervous complaints; melancholy.
splendent: shining; glossy; beaming with light; lustrous; as, splendent planets; splendent metals. see the note under 3d luster, 4.-very conspicuous; illustrious.
splendid: possessing or displaying splendor; shining; very bright; as, a splendid sun.-showy; magnificent; sumptuous; pompous; as, a splendid palace; a splendid procession or pageant.-illustrious; heroic; brilliant; celebrated; famous; as, a splendid victory or reputation.
splendor: great brightness; brilliant luster; brilliancy; as, the splendor ot the sun.-magnifience; pomp; parade; as, the splendor of equipage, ceremonies, processions, and the like.-brilliancy; glory; as, the splendor of a victory.
splenetic: affected with spleen; malicious; spiteful; peevish; fretful.-a person affected with spleen.
splenial: designating the splenial bone.-of or pertaining to the splenial bone or splenius muscle.-the splenial bone.
splenic: of or pertaining to the spleen; lienal; as, the splenic vein.
splenium: the thickened posterior border of the corpus callosum; -- so called in allusion to its shape.
splenization: a morbid state of the lung produced by inflammation, in which its tissue resembles that of the spleen.
splenotomy: dissection or anatomy of the spleen.-an incision into the spleen; removal of the spleen by incision.
splice: to unite, as two ropes, or parts of a rope, by a particular manner of interweaving the strands, -- the union being between two ends, or between an end and the body of a rope.-to unite, as spars, timbers, rails, etc., by lapping the two ends together, or by applying a piece which laps upon the two ends, and then binding, or in any way making fast.-to unite in marrige.-a junction or joining made by splicing.
spline: a rectangular piece fitting grooves like key seats in a hub and a shaft, so that while the one may slide endwise on the other, both must revolve together; a feather; also, sometimes, a groove to receive such a rectangular piece.-a long, flexble piece of wood sometimes used as a ruler.
splint: a piece split off; a splinter.-a thin piece of wood, or other substance, used to keep in place, or protect, an injured part, especially a broken bone when set.-a splint bone.-a disease affecting the splint bones, as a callosity or hard excrescence.-one of the small plates of metal used in making splint armor. see splint armor, below.-splint, or splent, coal. see splent coal, under splent.-to split into splints, or thin, slender pieces; to splinter; to shiver.-to fasten or confine with splints, as a broken limb. see splint, n., 2.
splinter: to split or rend into long, thin pieces; to shiver; as, the lightning splinters a tree.-to fasten or confine with splinters, or splints, as a broken limb.-to become split into long pieces.-a thin piece split or rent off lengthwise, as from wood, bone, or other solid substance; a thin piece; a sliver; as, splinters of a ship's mast rent off by a shot.
splintery: consisting of splinters; resembling splinters; as, the splintery fracture of a mineral.
split: of split-to divide lengthwise; to separate from end to end, esp. by force; to divide in the direction of the grain layers; to rive; to cleave; as, to split a piece of timber or a board; to split a gem; to split a sheepskin.-to burst; to rupture; to rend; to tear asunder.-to divide or break up into parts or divisions, as by discord; to separate into parts or parties, as a political party; to disunite.-to divide or separate into components; -- often used with up; as, to split up sugar into alcohol and carbonic acid.-to part asunder; to be rent; to burst; as, vessels split by the freezing of water in them.-to be broken; to be dashed to pieces.-to separate into parties or factions.-to burst with laughter.-to divulge a secret; to betray confidence; to peach.-to divide one hand of blackjack into two hands, allowed when the first two cards dealt to a player have the same value.-a crack, or longitudinal fissure.-a breach or separation, as in a political party; a division.-a piece that is split off, or made thin, by splitting; a splinter; a fragment.-specif (leather manuf.), one of the sections of a skin made by dividing it into two or more thicknesses.-a division of a stake happening when two cards of the kind on which the stake is laid are dealt in the same turn.-the substitution of more than one share of a corporation's stock for one share.  the market price of the stock usually drops in proportion to the increase in outstanding shares of stock. the split may be in any ratio, as a two-for-one split; a three-for-two split.-the division by a player of one hand of blackjack into two hands, allowed when the first two cards dealt to a player have the same value; the player is usually obliged to increase the amount wagered by placing a sum equal to the original bet on the new hand thus created.-divided; cleft.-divided deeply; cleft.
split-tail: a california market fish (pogonichthys macrolepidotus) belonging to the carp family.-the pintail duck.
split-tongued: having a forked tongue, as that of snakes and some lizards.
splurge: a blustering demonstration, or great effort; a great display.-to make a great display in any way, especially in oratory.
splutter: to speak hastily and confusedly; to sputter.-a confused noise, as of hasty speaking.
spodumene: a mineral of a white to yellowish, purplish, or emerald-green color, occuring in prismatic crystals, often of great size. it is a silicate of aluminia and lithia. see hiddenite.
spoil: to plunder; to strip by violence; to pillage; to rob; -- with of before the name of the thing taken; as, to spoil one of his goods or possession.-to seize by violence;; to take by force; to plunder.-to cause to decay and perish; to corrput; to vitiate; to mar.-to render useless by injury; to injure fatally; to ruin; to destroy; as, to spoil paper; to have the crops spoiled by insects; to spoil the eyes by reading.-to practice plunder or robbery.-to lose the valuable qualities; to be corrupted; to decay; as, fruit will soon spoil in warm weather.-that which is taken from another by violence; especially, the plunder taken from an enemy; pillage; booty.-public offices and their emoluments regarded as the peculiar property of a successful party or faction, to be bestowed for its own advantage; -- commonly in the plural; as to the victor belong the spoils.-that which is gained by strength or effort.-the act or practice of plundering; robbery; aste.-corruption; cause of corruption.-the slough, or cast skin, of a serpent or other animal.
spoiler: one who spoils; a plunderer; a pillager; a robber; a despoiler.-one who corrupts, mars, or renders useless.
spoilfive: a certain game at cards in which, if no player wins three of the five tricks possible on any deal, the game is said to be spoiled.
spoilsman: one who serves a cause or a party for a share of the spoils; in united states politics, one who makes or recognizes a demand for public office on the ground of partisan service; also, one who sanctions such a policy in appointments to the public service.
spoilsmonger: one who promises or distributes public offices and their emoluments as the price of services to a party or its leaders.
spoke: of speak-of speak-imp. of speak.-the radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly.-a projecting handle of a steering wheel.-a rung, or round, of a ladder.-a contrivance for fastening the wheel of a vehicle, to prevent it from turning in going down a hill.-to furnish with spokes, as a wheel.
spoken: of speak-uttered in speech; delivered by word of mouth; oral; as, a spoken narrative; the spoken word.-characterized by a certain manner or style in speaking; -- often in composition; as, a pleasant-spoken man.
spokeshave: a kind of drawing knife or planing tool for dressing the spokes of wheels, the shells of blocks, and other curved work.
spoliation: the act of plundering; robbery; deprivation; despoliation.-robbery or plunder in war; especially, the authorized act or practice of plundering neutrals at sea.-the act of an incumbent in taking the fruits of his benefice without right, but under a pretended title.-a process for possession of a church in a spiritual court.-injury done to a document.
spoliative: serving to take away, diminish, or rob; esp. (med.), serving to diminish sensibily the amount of blood in the body; as, spoliative bloodletting.
spondaical: or of pertaining to a spondee; consisting of spondees.-containing spondees in excess; marked by spondees; as, a spondaic hexameter, i. e., one which has a spondee instead of a dactyl in the fifth foot.
spondee: a poetic foot of two long syllables, as in the latin word leges.
sponge: any one of numerous species of spongiae, or porifera. see illust. and note under spongiae.-the elastic fibrous skeleton of many species of horny spongiae (keratosa), used for many purposes, especially the varieties of the genus spongia. the most valuable sponges are found in the mediterranean and the red sea, and on the coasts of florida and the west indies.-one who lives upon others; a pertinaceous and indolent dependent; a parasite; a sponger.-any spongelike substance.-dough before it is kneaded and formed into loaves, and after it is converted into a light, spongy mass by the agency of the yeast or leaven.-iron from the puddling furnace, in a pasty condition.-iron ore, in masses, reduced but not melted or worked.-a mop for cleaning the bore of a cannon after a discharge. it consists of a cylinder of wood, covered with sheepskin with the wool on, or cloth with a heavy looped nap, and having a handle, or staff.-the extremity, or point, of a horseshoe, answering to the heel.-to cleanse or wipe with a sponge; as, to sponge a slate or a cannon; to wet with a sponge; as, to sponge cloth.-to wipe out with a sponge, as letters or writing; to efface; to destroy all trace of.-fig.: to deprive of something by imposition.-fig.: to get by imposition or mean arts without cost; as, to sponge a breakfast.-to suck in, or imbile, as a sponge.-fig.: to gain by mean arts, by intrusion, or hanging on; as, an idler sponges on his neighbor.-to be converted, as dough, into a light, spongy mass by the agency of yeast, or leaven.