AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-english-full-a-to-z huggingface dataset:
phonograph: a character or symbol used to represent a sound, esp. one used in phonography.-an instrument for the mechanical registration and reproduction of audible sounds, as articulate speech, etc. it consists of a rotating cylinder or disk covered with some material easily indented, as tinfoil, wax, paraffin, etc., above which is a thin plate carrying a stylus. as the plate vibrates under the influence of a sound, the stylus makes minute indentations or undulations in the soft material, and these, when the cylinder or disk is again turned, set the plate in vibration, and reproduce the sound.
phonographer: one versed or skilled in phonography.-one who uses, or is skilled in the use of, the phonograph. see phonograph, 2.
phonographical: of or pertaining to phonography; based upon phonography.-of or pertaining to phonograph; done by the phonograph.
phonography: a description of the laws of the human voice, or sounds uttered by the organs of speech.-a representation of sounds by distinctive characters; commonly, a system of shorthand writing invented by isaac pitman, or a modification of his system, much used by reporters.-the art of constructing, or using, the phonograph.
phonolite: a compact, feldspathic, igneous rock containing nephelite, hauynite, etc. thin slabs give a ringing sound when struck; -- called also clinkstone.
phonology: the science or doctrine of the elementary sounds uttered by the human voice in speech, including the various distinctions, modifications, and combinations of tones; phonetics. also, a treatise on sounds.
phonometer: an instrument for measuring sounds, as to their intensity, or the frequency of the vibrations.
phonomotor: an instrument in which motion is produced by the vibrations of a sounding body.
phonoscope: an instrument for observing or exhibiting the motions or properties of sounding bodies; especially, an apparatus invented by konig for testing the quality of musical strings.-an instrument for producing luminous figures by the vibrations of sounding bodies.
phonotypical: of or pertaining to phonotypy; as, a phonotypic alphabet.
phonotypy: a method of phonetic printing of the english language, as devised by mr. pitman, in which nearly all the ordinary letters and many new forms are employed in order to indicate each elementary sound by a separate character.
phormium: a genus of liliaceous plants, consisting of one species (phormium tenax). see flax-plant.
phorone: a yellow crystalline substance, having a geraniumlike odor, regarded as a complex derivative of acetone, and obtained from certain camphor compounds.
phoronis: a remarkable genus of marine worms having tentacles around the mouth. it is usually classed with the gephyreans. its larva (actinotrocha) undergoes a peculiar metamorphosis.
phosgene: producing, or produced by, the action of light; -- formerly used specifically to designate a gas now called carbonyl chloride. see carbonyl.
phosgenite: a rare mineral occurring in tetragonal crystals of a white, yellow, or grayish color and adamantine luster. it is a chlorocarbonate of lead.
phospham: an inert amorphous white powder, pn2h, obtained by passing ammonia over heated phosphorus.
phosphatic: pertaining to, or containing, phosphorus, phosphoric acid, or phosphates; as, phosphatic nodules.
phosphene: a luminous impression produced through excitation of the retina by some cause other than the impingement upon it of rays of light, as by pressure upon the eyeball when the lids are closed.  cf. after-image.
phosphine: a colorless gas, ph3, analogous to ammonia, and having a disagreeable odor resembling that of garlic. called also hydrogen phosphide, and formerly, phosphureted hydrogen.
phosphinic: pertaining to, or designating, certain acids analogous to the phosphonic acids, but containing two hydrocarbon radicals, and derived from the secondary phosphines by oxidation.
phosphonic: pertaining to, or designating, certain derivatives of phosphorous acid containing a hydrocarbon radical, and analogous to the sulphonic acid.
phosphonium: the hypothetical radical ph4, analogous to ammonium, and regarded as the nucleus of certain derivatives of phosphine.
phosphor-bronze: a variety of bronze possessing great hardness, elasticity, and toughness, obtained by melting copper with tin phosphide. it contains one or two per cent of phosphorus and from five to fifteen per cent of tin.
phosphorate: to impregnate, or combine, with phosphorus or its compounds; as, phosphorated oil.
phosphoresce: to shine as phosphorus; to be phosphorescent; to emit a phosphoric light.
phosphorescence: the quality or state of being phosphorescent; or the act of phosphorescing.-a phosphoric light.
phosphorescent: shining with a phosphoric light; luminous without sensible heat.-a phosphorescent substance.
phosphoric: of or pertaining to phosphorus; resembling, or containing, from us; specifically, designating those compounds in which phosphorus has a higher valence as contrasted with the phosphorous compounds.-phosphorescent.
phosphoritic: pertaining to phosphorite; resembling, or of the nature of, phosphorite.
phosphoroscope: an apparatus for observing the phosphorescence produced in different bodies by the action of light, and for measuring its duration.
phosphorous: of or pertaining to phosphorus; resembling or containing phosphorus; specifically, designating those compounds in which phosphorus has a lower valence as contrasted with phosphoric compounds; as, phosphorous acid, h3po3.
phosphorus: the morning star; phosphor.-a poisonous nonmetallic element of the nitrogen group, obtained as a white, or yellowish, translucent waxy substance, having a characteristic disagreeable smell. it is very active chemically, must be preserved under water, and unites with oxygen even at ordinary temperatures, giving a faint glow, -- whence its name. it always occurs compined, usually in phosphates, as in the mineral apatite, in bones, etc. it is used in the composition on the tips of friction matches, and for many other purposes. the molecule contains four atoms. symbol p. atomic weight 31.0.-hence, any substance which shines in the dark like phosphorus, as certain phosphorescent bodies.
photics: the science of light; -- a general term sometimes employed when optics is restricted to light as a producing vision.
photo-: a combining form from gr. fw^s, fwto`s, light; as, photography, phototype, photometer.
photo-electric: acting by the operation of both light and electricity; -- said of apparatus for producing pictures by electric light.
photo-electrotype: an electrotype plate formed in a mold made by photographing on prepared gelatine, etc.
photo-engraving: the process of obtaining an etched or engraved plate from the photographic image, to be used in printing; also, a picture produced by such a process.
photo-epinasty: a disproportionately rapid growth of the upper surface of dorsiventral organs, such as leaves, through the stimulus of exposure to light.
photobiotic: requiring light to live; incapable of living without light; as, photobiotic plant cells.
photochemical: of or pertaining to chemical action of light, or produced by it; as, the photochemical changes of the visual purple of the retina.
photochemistry: the branch of chemistry which relates to the effect of light in producing chemical changes, as in photography.
photochromatic: of or pertaining to photochromy; produced by photochromy.
photodrome: an apparatus consisting of a large wheel with spokes, which when turning very rapidly is illuminated by momentary flashes of light passing through slits in a rotating disk.  by properly timing the succession of flashes the wheel is made to appear to be motionless, or to rotate more or less slowly in either direction.
photogen: a light hydrocarbon oil resembling kerosene. it is obtained by distilling coal, paraffin, etc., and is used as a lubricant, illuminant, etc.
photograph: a picture or likeness obtained by photography.-to take a picture or likeness of by means of photography; as, to photograph a view; to photograph a group.-to practice photography; to take photographs.
photographical: of or pertaining to photography; obtained by photography; used ib photography; as a photographic picture; a photographic camera.
photographometer: an instrument for determining the sensibility of the plates employed in photographic processes to luminous rays.
photography: the science which relates to the action of light on sensitive bodies in the production of pictures, the fixation of images, and the like.-the art or process of producing pictures by this action of light.
photogravure: a photoengraving; also, the process by which such a picture is produced.
photolithograph: a lithographic picture or copy from a stone prepared by the aid of photography.-to produce (a picture, a copy) by the process of photolithography.
photomechanical: pertaining to, or designating, any photographic process in which a printing surface is obtained without the intervention of hand engraving.
photometer: an instrument for measuring the intensity of light, or, more especially, for comparing the relative intensities of different lights, or their relative illuminating power.
photomicrograph: an enlarged or macroscopic photograph of a microscopic object. see microphotograph.-a microscopically small photograph of an object.
photopsia: an affection of the eye, in which the patient perceives luminous rays, flashes, coruscations, etc. see phosphene.
photosculpture: a process in which, by means of a number of photographs simultaneously taken from different points of view on the same level, rough models of the figure or bust of a person or animal may be made with great expedition.
phototype: a plate or block with a printing surface (usually in relief) obtained from a photograph; also, any one of the many methods of processes by which such a printing surface is obtained.
photoxylography: the process of producing a representation of an object on wood, by photography, for the use of the wood engraver.
photozincography: a process, analogous to photolithography, for reproducing photographed impressions transferred to zinc plate.
phragmocone: the thin chambered shell attached to the anterior end of a belemnite.
phrasal: of the nature of a phrase; consisting of a phrase; as, a phrasal adverb.
phrase: a brief expression, sometimes a single word, but usually two or more words forming an expression by themselves, or being a portion of a sentence; as, an adverbial phrase.-a short, pithy expression; especially, one which is often employed; a peculiar or idiomatic turn of speech; as, to err is human.-a mode or form of speech; the manner or style in which any one expreses himself; diction; expression.-a short clause or portion of a period.-to express in words, or in peculiar words; to call; to style.-to use proper or fine phrases.-to group notes into phrases; as, he phrases well. see phrase, n., 4.
phraseological: of or pertaining to phraseology; consisting of a peculiar form of words.
phraseology: manner of expression; peculiarity of diction; style.-a collection of phrases; a phrase book.
phrasing: of phrase-method of expression; association of words.-the act or method of grouping the notes so as to form distinct musical phrases.
phrenetical: relating to phrenitis; suffering from frenzy; delirious; mad; frantic; frenetic.
phrenic: of or pertaining to the diaphragm; diaphragmatic; as, the phrenic nerve.
phrenitis: inflammation of the brain, or of the meninges of the brain, attended with acute fever and delirium; -- called also cephalitis.-see frenzy.
phrenograph: an instrument for registering the movements of the diaphragm, or midriff, in respiration.
phrenology: the science of the special functions of the several parts of the brain, or of the supposed connection between the various faculties of the mind and particular organs in the brain.-in popular usage, the physiological hypothesis of gall, that the mental faculties, and traits of character, are shown on the surface of the head or skull; craniology.
phrenomagnetism: the power of exciting the organs of the brain by magnetic or mesmeric influence.
phrenosin: a nitrogenous body, related to cerebrin, supposed to exist in the brain.
phrensy: violent and irrational excitement; delirium. see frenzy.-to render frantic.
phryganeides: a tribe of neuropterous insects which includes the caddice flies; -- called also trichoptera. see trichoptera.
phrygian: of or pertaining to phrygia, or to its inhabitants.-a native or inhabitant of phrygia.-a montanist.
phthalein: one of a series of artificial organic dyes made as condensation products of the phenols with phthalic acid, and well represented by phenol phthalein. their alkaline solutions are fluorescent.
phthalic: pertaining to, or designating, a dibasic acid obtained by the oxidation of naphthalene and allied substances.
phthalide: a lactone obtained by reduction of phthalyl chloride, as a white crystalline substance; hence, by extension, any one of the series of which phthalide proper is the type.
phthalimide: an imido derivative of phthalic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance, c6h4.(co)2nh, which has itself (like succinimide) acid properties, and forms a series of salts.  cf. imido acid, under imido.
phthalin: a colorless crystalline substance obtained by reduction from phthalein, into which it is easily converted by oxidation; hence, any one of the series of which phthalin proper is the type.
phthiriasis: a disease (morbus pediculous) consisting in the excessive multiplication of lice on the human body.
phthisical: of or pertaining to phthisis; affected with phthisis; wasting; consumptive.
phthisicky: having phthisis, or some symptom of it, as difficulty in breathing.
phthisis: a wasting or consumption of the tissues. the term was formerly applied to many wasting diseases, but is now usually restricted to pulmonary phthisis, or consumption. see consumption.
phthongal: formed into, or characterized by, voice; vocalized; -- said of all the vowels and the semivowels, also of the vocal or sonant consonants g, d, b, l, r, v, z, etc.-a vocalized element or letter.
phycoerythrine: a red coloring matter found in algae of the subclass florideae.
phycomater: a gelatin in which the algae spores have been supposed to vegetate.
phylactery: any charm or amulet worn as a preservative from danger or disease.-a small square box, made either of parchment or of black calfskin, containing slips of parchment or vellum on which are written the scriptural passages exodus xiii. 2-10, and 11-17, deut. vi. 4-9, 13-22. they are worn by jews on the head and left arm, on week-day mornings, during the time of prayer.-among the primitive christians, a case in which the relics of the dead were inclosed.
phylactocarp: a branch of a plumularian hydroid specially modified in structure for the protection of the gonothecae.
phylactolaemata: an order of fresh-water bryozoa in which the tentacles are arranged on a horseshoe-shaped lophophore, and the mouth is covered by an epistome. called also lophopoda, and hippocrepians.
phyllite: a mineral related to ottrelite.-clay slate; argillaceous schist.
phyllo-: a combining form from gr. / a leaf; as, phyllopod, phyllotaxy.
phyllocladium: a flattened stem or branch which more or less resembles a leaf, and performs the function of a leaf as regards respiration and assimilation.
phyllodium: a petiole dilated into the form of a blade, and usually with vertical edges, as in the australian acacias.
phyllody: a retrograde metamorphosis of the floral organs to the condition of leaves.
phyllome: a foliar part of a plant; any organ homologous with a leaf, or produced by metamorphosis of a leaf.
phyllophagan: one of a group of marsupials including the phalangists.-one of a tribe of beetles which feed upon the leaves of plants, as the chafers.
phyllopoda: an order of entomostraca including a large number of species, most of which live in fresh water. they have flattened or leaflike legs, often very numerous, which they use in swimming. called also branchiopoda.
phyllorhine: of or pertaining to phyllorhina and other related genera of bats that have a leaflike membrane around the nostrils.
phyllosoma: the larva of the spiny lobsters (palinurus and allied genera). its body is remarkably thin, flat, and transparent; the legs are very long. called also glass-crab, and glass-shrimp.
phyllostome: any bat of the genus phyllostoma, or allied genera, having large membranes around the mouth and nose; a nose-leaf bat.
phyllotaxis: the order or arrangement of leaves on the stem; the science of the relative position of leaves.
phyllous: homologous with a leaf; as, the sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils are phyllous organs.
phylloxera: a small hemipterous insect (phylloxera vastatrix) allied to the aphids. it attacks the roots and leaves of the grapevine, doing great damage, especially in europe.-the diseased condition of a vine caused by the insect just described.
phylogeny: the history of genealogical development; the race history of an animal or vegetable type; the historic exolution of the phylon or tribe, in distinction from ontogeny, or the development of the individual organism, and from biogenesis, or life development generally.
physa: a genus of fresh-water pulmonifera, having reversed spiral shells. see pond snail, under pond.
physalia: a genus of large oceanic siphonophora which includes the portuguese man-of-war.
physemaria: a group of simple marine organisms, usually classed as the lowest of the sponges. they have inflated hollow bodies.
physianthropy: the philosophy of human life, or the doctrine of the constitution and diseases of man, and their remedies.
physic: the art of healing diseases; the science of medicine; the theory or practice of medicine.-a specific internal application for the cure or relief of sickness; a remedy for disease; a medicine.-specifically, a medicine that purges; a cathartic.-a physician.-to treat with physic or medicine; to administer medicine to, esp. a cathartic; to operate on as a cathartic; to purge.-to work on as a remedy; to heal; to cure.
physical: of or pertaining to nature (as including all created existences); in accordance with the laws of nature; also, of or relating to natural or material things, or to the bodily structure, as opposed to things mental, moral, spiritual, or imaginary; material; natural; as, armies and navies are the physical force of a nation; the body is the physical part of man.-of or pertaining to physics, or natural philosophy; treating of, or relating to, the causes and connections of natural phenomena; as, physical science; physical laws.-perceptible through a bodily or material organization; cognizable by the senses; external; as, the physical, opposed to chemical, characters of a mineral.-of or pertaining to physic, or the art of medicine; medicinal; curative; healing; also, cathartic; purgative.
physically: in a physical manner; according to the laws of nature or physics; by physical force; not morally.-according to the rules of medicine.
physician: a person skilled in physic, or the art of healing; one duty authorized to prescribe remedies for, and treat, diseases; a doctor of medicine.-hence, figuratively, one who ministers to moral diseases; as, a physician of the soul.
physicism: the tendency of the mind toward, or its preoccupation with, physical phenomena; materialism in philosophy and religion.
physicist: one versed in physics.-a believer in the theory that the fundamental phenomena of life are to be explained upon purely chemical and physical principles; -- opposed to vitalist.
physicking: of physic-p. pr. & vb. n. fr. physic, v. t.
physico-: a combining form, denoting relation to, or dependence upon, natural causes, or the science of physics.
physicochemical: involving the principles of both physics and chemistry; dependent on, or produced by, the joint action of physical and chemical agencies.
physics: the science of nature, or of natural objects; that branch of science which treats of the laws and properties of matter, and the forces acting upon it; especially, that department of natural science which treats of the causes (as gravitation, heat, light, magnetism, electricity, etc.) that modify the general properties of bodies; natural philosophy.
physiocrat: one of the followers of quesnay of france, who, in the 18th century, founded a system of political economy based upon the supremacy of natural order.
physiogeny: the germ history of the functions, or the history of the development of vital activities, in the individual, being one of the branches of ontogeny. see morphogeny.
physiognomical: of or pertaining to physiognomy; according with the principles of physiognomy.
physiognomist: same as physiognomy, 1.-one skilled in physiognomy.-one who tells fortunes by physiognomy.
physiognomy: the art and science of discovering the predominant temper, and other characteristic qualities of the mind, by the outward appearance, especially by the features of the face.-the face or countenance, with respect to the temper of the mind; particular configuration, cast, or expression of countenance, as denoting character.-the art telling fortunes by inspection of the features.-the general appearance or aspect of a thing, without reference to its scientific characteristics; as, the physiognomy of a plant, or of a meteor.
physiography: the science which treats of the earth's exterior physical features, climate, life, etc., and of the physical movements or changes on the earth's surface, as the currents of the atmosphere and ocean, the secular variations in heat, moisture, magnetism, etc.; physical geography.
physiolatry: the worship of the powers or agencies of nature; materialism in religion; nature worship.
physiological: of or pertaining to physiology; relating to the science of the functions of living organism; as, physiological botany or chemistry.
physiologist: one who is versed in the science of physiology; a student of the properties and functions of animal and vegetable organs and tissues.
physiology: the science which treats of the phenomena of living organisms; the study of the processes incidental to, and characteristic of, life.-a treatise on physiology.
physiophyly: the tribal history of the functions, or the history of the paleontological development of vital activities, -- being a branch of phylogeny. see morphophyly.
physograde: any siphonophore which has an air sac for a float, as the physalia.
physophorae: an order of siphonophora, furnished with an air sac, or float, and a series of nectocalyces. see illust. under nectocalyx.
physostigmine: an alkaloid found in the calabar bean (the seed of physostigma venenosum), and extracted as a white, tasteless, substance, amorphous or crystalline; -- formerly called eserine, with which it was regarded as identical.
physostomi: an order of fishes in which the air bladder is provided with a duct, and the ventral fins, when present, are abdominal. it includes the salmons, herrings, carps, catfishes, and others.
physostomous: having a duct to the air bladder.-pertaining to the physostomi.
phytelephas: a genus of south american palm trees, the seeds of which furnish the substance called vegetable ivory.
phytivorous: feeding on plants or herbage; phytophagous; as, phytivorous animals.
phyto-: a combining form from gr. fyto`n a plant; as, phytochemistry, phytography.
phytography: the science of describing plants in a systematic manner; also, a description of plants.
phytolacca: a genus of herbaceous plants, some of them having berries which abound in intensely red juice; poke, or pokeweed.
phytolithologist: one versed in phytolithology; a paleobotanist.
phytolithology: the branch of science which treats of fossil plants; -- usually called paleobotany, sometimes paleophytology.
phytology: the science of plants; a description of the kinds and properties of plants; botany.
phyton: one of the parts which by their repetition make up a flowering plant, each being a single joint of a stem with its leaf or leaves; a phytomer.
phytophagous: feeding on plants; herbivorous; as, a phytophagous animal.
pi: a mass of type confusedly mixed or unsorted.-to put into a mixed and disordered condition, as type; to mix and disarrange the type of; as, to pi a form.