AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-english-full-a-to-z huggingface dataset:
natural: fixed or determined by nature; pertaining to the constitution of a thing; belonging to native character; according to nature; essential; characteristic; not artifical, foreign, assumed, put on, or acquired; as, the natural growth of animals or plants; the natural motion of a gravitating body; natural strength or disposition; the natural heat of the body; natural color.-conformed to the order, laws, or actual facts, of nature; consonant to the methods of nature; according to the stated course of things, or in accordance with the laws which govern events, feelings, etc.; not exceptional or violent; legitimate; normal; regular; as, the natural consequence of crime; a natural death.-having to do with existing system to things; dealing with, or derived from, the creation, or the world of matter and mind, as known by man; within the scope of human reason or experience; not supernatural; as, a natural law; natural science; history, theology.-conformed to truth or reality-springing from true sentiment; not artifical or exaggerated; -- said of action, delivery, etc.; as, a natural gesture, tone, etc.-resembling the object imitated; true to nature; according to the life; -- said of anything copied or imitated; as, a portrait is natural.-having the character or sentiments properly belonging to one's position; not unnatural in feelings.-connected by the ties of consanguinity.-begotten without the sanction of law; born out of wedlock; illegitimate; bastard; as, a natural child.-of or pertaining to the lower or animal nature, as contrasted with the higher or moral powers, or that which is spiritual; being in a state of nature; unregenerate.-belonging to, to be taken in, or referred to, some system, in which the base is 1; -- said or certain functions or numbers; as, natural numbers, those commencing at 1; natural sines, cosines, etc., those taken in arcs whose radii are 1.-produced by natural organs, as those of the human throat, in distinction from instrumental music.-of or pertaining to a key which has neither a flat nor a sharp for its signature, as the key of c major.-applied to an air or modulation of harmony which moves by easy and smooth transitions, digressing but little from the original key.-a native; an aboriginal.-natural gifts, impulses, etc.-one born without the usual powers of reason or understanding; an idiot.-a character [/] used to contradict, or to remove the effect of, a sharp or flat which has preceded it, and to restore the unaltered note.
naturalism: a state of nature; conformity to nature.-the doctrine of those who deny a supernatural agency in the miracles and revelations recorded in the bible, and in spiritual influences; also, any system of philosophy which refers the phenomena of nature to a blind force or forces acting necessarily or according to fixed laws, excluding origination or direction by one intelligent will.
naturalist: one versed in natural science; a student of natural history, esp. of the natural history of animals.-one who holds or maintains the doctrine of naturalism in religion.
naturalization: the act or process of naturalizing, esp. of investing an alien with the rights and privileges of a native or citizen; also, the state of being naturalized.
naturalize: to make natural; as, custom naturalizes labor or study.-to confer the rights and privileges of a native subject or citizen on; to make as if native; to adopt, as a foreigner into a nation or state, and place in the condition of a native subject.-to receive or adopt as native, natural, or vernacular; to make one's own; as, to naturalize foreign words.-to adapt; to accustom; to habituate; to acclimate; to cause to grow as under natural conditions.-to become as if native.-to explain phenomena by natural agencies or laws, to the exclusion of the supernatural.
naturally: in a natural manner or way; according to the usual course of things; spontaneously.
nature: the existing system of things; the world of matter, or of matter and mind; the creation; the universe.-the personified sum and order of causes and effects; the powers which produce existing phenomena, whether in the total or in detail; the agencies which carry on the processes of creation or of being; -- often conceived of as a single and separate entity, embodying the total of all finite agencies and forces as disconnected from a creating or ordering intelligence.-the established or regular course of things; usual order of events; connection of cause and effect.-conformity to that which is natural, as distinguished from that which is artifical, or forced, or remote from actual experience.-the sum of qualities and attributes which make a person or thing what it is, as distinct from others; native character; inherent or essential qualities or attributes; peculiar constitution or quality of being.-hence: kind, sort; character; quality.-physical constitution or existence; the vital powers; the natural life.-natural affection or reverence.-constitution or quality of mind or character.-to endow with natural qualities.
natured: having (such) a nature, temper, or disposition; disposed; -- used in composition; as, good-natured, ill-natured, etc.
naught: nothing.-the arithmetical character 0; a cipher. see cipher.-in no degree; not at all.-of no value or account; worthless; bad; useless.-hence, vile; base; naughty.
naughtiness: the quality or state of being naughty; perverseness; badness; wickedness.
naughty: having little or nothing.-worthless; bad; good for nothing.-hence, corrupt; wicked.-mischievous; perverse; froward; guilty of disobedient or improper conduct; as, a naughty child.
naumachy: a naval battle; esp., a mock sea fight.-a show or spectacle representing a sea fight; also, a place for such exhibitions.
nauplius: a crustacean larva having three pairs of locomotive organs (corresponding to the antennules, antennae, and mandibles), a median eye, and little or no segmentation of the body.
nausea: seasickness; hence, any similar sickness of the stomach accompanied with a propensity to vomit; qualm; squeamishness of the stomach; loathing.
nauseate: to become squeamish; to feel nausea; to turn away with disgust.-to affect with nausea; to sicken; to cause to feel loathing or disgust.-to sicken at; to reject with disgust; to loathe.
nauseous: causing, or fitted to cause, nausea; sickening; loathsome; disgusting; exciting abhorrence; as, a nauseous drug or medicine.
nautch: an entertainment consisting chiefly of dancing by professional dancing (or nautch) girls.
nautical: of or pertaining to seamen, to the art of navigation, or to ships; as, nautical skill.
nautiloid: like or pertaining to the nautilus; shaped like a nautilus shell.-a mollusk, or shell, of the genus nautilus or family nautilidae.
nautilus: the only existing genus of tetrabranchiate cephalopods. about four species are found living in the tropical pacific, but many other species are found fossil.  the shell is spiral, symmetrical, and chambered, or divided into several cavities by simple curved partitions, which are traversed and connected together by a continuous and nearly central tube or siphuncle. see tetrabranchiata.-the argonaut; -- also called paper nautilus. see argonauta, and paper nautilus, under paper.-a variety of diving bell, the lateral as well as vertical motions of which are controlled, by the occupants.
navajoes: a tribe of indians inhabiting new mexico and arizona, allied to the apaches. they are now largely engaged in agriculture.
naval: having to do with shipping; of or pertaining to ships or a navy; consisting of ships; as, naval forces, successes, stores, etc.
navarrese: of or pertaining to navarre.-a native or inhabitant of navarre; the people of navarre.
nave: the block in the center of a wheel, from which the spokes radiate, and through which the axle passes; -- called also hub or hob.-the navel.-the middle or body of a church, extending from the transepts to the principal entrances, or, if there are no transepts, from the choir to the principal entrance, but not including the aisles.
navel: a mark or depression in the middle of the abdomen; the umbilicus. see umbilicus.-the central part or point of anything; the middle.-an eye on the under side of a carronade for securing it to a carriage.
navelwort: a european perennial succulent herb (cotyledon umbilicus), having round, peltate leaves with a central depression; -- also called pennywort, and kidneywort.
navew: a kind of small turnip, a variety of brassica campestris. see brassica.
navicular: of, pertaining to, or resembling, a boat or ship.-shaped like a boat; cymbiform; scaphoid; as, the navicular glumes of most grasses; the navicular bone.-the navicular bone.
navigable: capable of being navigated; deep enough and wide enough to afford passage to vessels; as, a navigable river.
navigate: to joirney by water; to go in a vessel or ship; to perform the duties of a navigator; to use the waters as a highway or channel for commerce or communication; to sail.-to pass over in ships; to sail over or on; as, to navigate the atlantic.-to steer, direct, or manage in sailing; to conduct (ships) upon the water by the art or skill of seamen; as, to navigate a ship.
navigation: the act of navigating; the act of passing on water in ships or other vessels; the state of being navigable.-the science or art of conducting ships or vessels from one place to another, including, more especially, the method of determining a ship's position, course, distance passed over, etc., on the surface of the globe, by the principles of geometry and astronomy.-the management of sails, rudder, etc.; the mechanics of traveling by water; seamanship.-ships in general.
navigator: one who navigates or sails; esp., one who direct the course of a ship, or one who is skillful in the art of navigation; also, a book which teaches the art of navigation; as, bowditch's navigator.
navus: a spot or mark on the skin of children when born; a birthmark; -- usually applied to vascular tumors, i. e., those consisting mainly of blood vessels, as dilated arteries, veins, or capillaries.
navvy: originally, a laborer on canals for internal navigation; hence, a laborer on other public works, as in building railroads, embankments, etc.
navy: a fleet of ships; an assemblage of merchantmen, or so many as sail in company.-the whole of the war vessels belonging to a nation or ruler, considered collectively; as, the navy of italy.-the officers and men attached to the war vessels of a nation; as, he belongs to the navy.
nawab: a deputy ruler or viceroy in india; also, a title given by courtesy to other persons of high rank in the east.
nay: no; -- a negative answer to a question asked, or a request made, now superseded by no. see yes.-not this merely, but also; not only so, but; -- used to mark the addition or substitution of a more explicit or more emphatic phrase.-denial; refusal.-a negative vote; one who votes in the negative.-to refuse.
nayaur: a specied of wild sheep (ovis hodgsonii), native of nepaul and thibet. it has a dorsal mane and a white ruff beneath the neck.
nazarene: a native or inhabitant of nazareth; -- a term of contempt applied to christ and the early christians.-one of a sect of judaizing christians in the first and second centuries, who observed the laws of moses, and held to certain heresies.
nazarite: a jew bound by a vow to lave the hair uncut, to abstain from wine and strong drink, and to practice extraordinary purity of life and devotion, the obligation being for life, or for a certain time. the word is also used adjectively.
ne exeat: a writ to restrain a person from leaving the country, or the jurisdiction of the court. the writ was originally applicable to purposes of state, but is now an ordinary process of courts of equity, resorted to for the purpose of obtaining bail, or security to abide a decree.
neap: the tongue or pole of a cart or other vehicle drawn by two animals.-low.-a neap tide.
neaped: left aground on the height of a spring tide, so that it will not float till the next spring tide; -- called also beneaped.
neapolitan: of of pertaining to naples in italy.-a native or citizen of naples.
near: at a little distance, in place, time, manner, or degree; not remote; nigh.-nearly; almost; well-nigh.-closely; intimately.-not far distant in time, place, or degree; not remote; close at hand; adjacent; neighboring; nigh.-closely connected or related.-close to one's interests, affection, etc.; touching, or affecting intimately; intimate; dear; as, a near friend.-close to anything followed or imitated; not free, loose, or rambling; as, a version near to the original.-so as barely to avoid or pass injury or loss; close; narrow; as, a near escape.-next to the driver, when he is on foot; in the unted states, on the left of an animal or a team; as, the near ox; the near leg. see off side, under off, a.-immediate; direct; close; short.-close-fisted; parsimonious.-adjacent to; close by; not far from; nigh; as, the ship sailed near the land. see the note under near, a.-to approach; to come nearer; as, the ship neared the land.-to draw near; to approach.
nearctic: of or pertaining to a region of the earth's surface including all of temperate and arctic north america and greenland. in the geographical distribution of animals, this region is marked off as the habitat certain species.
nearness: the state or quality of being near; -- used in the various senses of the adjective.
neat: cattle of the genus bos, as distinguished from horses, sheep, and goats; an animal of the genus bos; as, a neat's tongue; a neat's foot.-of or pertaining to the genus bos, or to cattle of that genus; as, neat cattle.-free from that which soils, defiles, or disorders; clean; cleanly; tidy.-free from what is unbecoming, inappropriate, or tawdry; simple and becoming; pleasing with simplicity; tasteful; chaste; as, a neat style; a neat dress.-free from admixture or adulteration; good of its kind; as, neat brandy.-excellent in character, skill, or performance, etc.; nice; finished; adroit; as, a neat design; a neat thief.-with all deductions or allowances made; net. [in this sense usually written net. see net, a., 3.]
neb: the nose; the snout; the mouth; the beak of a bird; a nib, as of a pen.
nebalia: a genus of small marine crustacea, considered the type of a distinct order (nebaloidea, or phyllocarida.)
nebula: a faint, cloudlike, self-luminous mass of matter situated beyond the solar system among the stars. true nebulae are gaseous; but very distant star clusters often appear like them in the telescope.-a white spot or a slight opacity of the cornea.-a cloudy appearance in the urine.
nebular: of or pertaining to nebulae; of the nature of, or resembling, a nebula.
nebulation: the condition of being nebulated; also, a clouded, or ill-defined, color mark.
nebulize: to reduce (as a liquid) to a fine spray or vapor; to atomize.
nebulosity: the state or quality of being nebulous; cloudiness; hazeness; mistiness; nebulousness.-the stuff of which a nebula is formed.-a nebula.
nebulous: cloudy; hazy; misty.-of, pertaining to, or having the appearance of, a nebula; nebular; cloudlike.
nebuly: composed of successive short curves supposed to resemble a cloud; -- said of a heraldic line by which an ordinary or subordinary may be bounded.-a line or a direction composed of successive short curves or waves supposed to resembe a cloud. see nebule
necessarian: an advocate of the doctrine of philosophical necessity; a nacessitarian.-of or pertaining to necessarianism.
necessary: such as must be; impossible to be otherwise; not to be avoided; inevitable.-impossible to be otherwise, or to be dispensed with, without preventing the attainment of a desired result; indispensable; requiste; essential.-acting from necessity or compulsion; involuntary; -- opposed to free; as, whether man is a necessary or a free agent is a question much discussed.-a thing that is necessary or indispensable to some purpose; something that one can not do without; a requisite; an essential; -- used chiefly in the plural; as, the necessaries of life.-a privy; a water-closet.-such things, in respect to infants, lunatics, and married women, as are requisite for support suitable to station.
necessitarian: of or pertaining to the doctrine of philosophical necessity in regard to the origin and existence of things, especially as applied to the actings or choices of the will; -- opposed to libertarian.-one who holds to the doctrine of necessitarianism.
necessitarianism: the doctrine of philosophical necessity; the doctrine that results follow by invariable sequence from causes, and esp. that the will is not free, but that human actions and choices result inevitably from motives; deteminism.
necessitate: to make necessary or indispensable; to render unaviolable.-to reduce to the necessity of; to force; to compel.
necessitattion: the act of making necessary, or the state of being made necessary; compulsion.
necessitous: very needy or indigent; pressed with poverty.-narrow; destitute; pinching; pinched; as, necessitous circumstances.
necessity: the quality or state of being necessary, unavoidable, or absolutely requisite; inevitableness; indispensableness.-the condition of being needy or necessitous; pressing need; indigence; want.-that which is necessary; a necessary; a requisite; something indispensable; -- often in the plural.-that which makes an act or an event unavoidable; irresistible force; overruling power; compulsion, physical or moral; fate; fatality.-the negation of freedom in voluntary action; the subjection of all phenomena, whether material or spiritual, to inevitable causation; necessitarianism.
neck: the part of an animal which connects the head and the trunk, and which, in man and many other animals, is more slender than the trunk.-any part of an inanimate object corresponding to or resembling the neck of an animal-the long slender part of a vessel, as a retort, or of a fruit, as a gourd.-a long narrow tract of land projecting from the main body, or a narrow tract connecting two larger tracts.-that part of a violin, guitar, or similar instrument, which extends from the head to the body, and on which is the finger board or fret board.-a reduction in size near the end of an object, formed by a groove around it; as, a neck forming the journal of a shaft.-the point where the base of the stem of a plant arises from the root.-to reduce the diameter of (an object) near its end, by making a groove around it; -- used with down; as, to neck down a shaft.-to kiss and caress amorously.
neckband: a band which goes around the neck; often, the part at the top of a garment.
necked: of neck-having (such) a neck; -- chiefly used in composition; as, stiff-necked.-cracked; -- said of a treenail.
neckerchief: a kerchief for the neck; -- called also neck handkerchief.
necklace: a string of beads, etc., or any continuous band or chain, worn around the neck as an ornament.-a rope or chain fitted around the masthead to hold hanging blocks for jibs and stays.
neckmould: a small convex molding surrounding a column at the jinction of the shaft and capital.
necktie: a scarf, band, or kerchief of silk, etc., passing around the neck or collar and tied in front; a bow of silk, etc., fastened in front of the neck.
neckweed: an american annual weed (veronica peregrina), with small white flowers and a roundish pod.-the hemp; -- so called as furnishing ropes for hanging criminals.
necrobiosis: the death of a part by molecular disintegration and without loss of continuity, as in the processes of degeneration and atrophy.
necrobiotic: of or pertaining to necrobiosis; as, a necrobiotic metamorphosis.
necrological: of or pertaining to necrology; of the nature of necrology; relating to, or giving, an account of the dead, or of deaths.
necrology: an account of deaths, or of the dead; a register of deaths; a collection of obituary notices.
necromancy: the art of revealing future events by means of a pretended communication with the dead; the black art; hence, magic in general; conjuration; enchantment. see black art.
necronite: fetid feldspar, a mineral which, when struck, exhales a fetid odor.
necrophagan: eating carrion.-any species of a tribe (necrophaga) of beetles which, in the larval state, feed on carrion; a burying beetle.
necrophagous: of or pertaining to the necrophaga; eating carrion. see necrophagan.
necrophore: any one of numerous species of beetles of the genus necrophorus and allied genera; -- called also burying beetle, carrion beetle, sexton beetle.
necropolis: a city of the dead; a name given by the ancients to their cemeteries, and sometimes applied to modern burial places; a graveyard.
necropsy: a post-mortem examination or inspection; an autopsy. see autopsy.
necrosis: mortification or gangrene of bone, or the death of a bone or portion of a bone in mass, as opposed to its death by molecular disintegration. see caries.-a disease of trees, in which the branches gradually dry up from the bark to the center.
necrotic: affected with necrosis; as, necrotic tissue; characterized by, or producing, necrosis; as, a necrotic process.
nectar: the drink of the gods (as ambrosia was their food); hence, any delicious or inspiring beverage.-a sweetish secretion of blossoms from which bees make honey.
nectared: imbued with nectar; mingled with nectar; abounding with nectar.
nectareous: of, pertaining to, containing, or resembling nectar; delicious; nectarean.
nectariferous: secreting nectar; -- said of blossoms or their parts.
nectary: that part of a blossom which secretes nectar, usually the base of the corolla or petals; also, the spur of such flowers as the larkspur and columbine, whether nectariferous or not. see the illustration of nasturtium.
nectocalyx: the swimming bell or umbrella of a jellyfish of medusa.-one of the zooids of certain siphonophora, having somewhat the form, and the essential structure, of the bell of a jellyfish, and acting as a swimming organ.
nectostem: that portion of the axis which bears the nectocalyces in the siphonophora.
nee: born; -- a term sometimes used in introducing the name of the family to which a married woman belongs by birth; as, madame de stael, nee necker.
need: a state that requires supply or relief; pressing occasion for something; necessity; urgent want.-want of the means of subsistence; poverty; indigence; destitution.-that which is needful; anything necessary to be done; (pl.) necessary things; business.-situation of need; peril; danger.-to be in want of; to have cause or occasion for; to lack; to require, as supply or relief.-to be wanted; to be necessary.-of necessity. see needs.
needful: full of need; in need or want; needy; distressing.-necessary for supply or relief; requisite.
needle: a small instrument of steel, sharply pointed at one end, with an eye to receive a thread, -- used in sewing.-see magnetic needle, under magnetic.-a slender rod or wire used in knitting; a knitting needle; also, a hooked instrument which carries the thread or twine, and by means of which knots or loops are formed in the process of netting, knitting, or crocheting.-one of the needle-shaped secondary leaves of pine trees. see pinus.-any slender, pointed object, like a needle, as a pointed crystal, a sharp pinnacle of rock, an obelisk, etc.-to form in the shape of a needle; as, to needle crystals.-to form needles; to crystallize in the form of needles.
needlebook: a book-shaped needlecase, having leaves of cloth into which the needles are stuck.
needlefish: the european great pipefich (siphostoma, / syngnathus, acus); -- called also earl, and tanglefish.-the garfish.
needless: having no need.-not wanted; unnecessary; not requiste; as, needless labor; needless expenses.-without sufficient cause; groundless; cuseless.
needlework: work executed with a needle; sewed work; sewing; embroidery; also, the business of a seamstress.-the combination of timber and plaster making the outside framework of some houses.
needly: like a needle or needles; as, a needly horn; a needly beard.-necessarily; of necessity.
needs: of necessity; necessarily; indispensably; -- often with must, and equivalent to of need.
needy: distressed by want of the means of living; very por; indigent; necessitous.-necessary; requiste.
neem tree: an asiatic name for melia azadirachta, and m. azedarach. see margosa.