AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-english-full-a-to-z huggingface dataset:
polisher: one who, or that which, polishes; also, that which is used in polishing.
polite: smooth; polished.-smooth and refined in behavior or manners; well bred; courteous; complaisant; obliging; civil.-characterized by refinement, or a high degree of finish; as, polite literature.-to polish; to refine; to render polite.
politely: in a polished manner; so as to be smooth or glossy.-in a polite manner; with politeness.
politeness: high finish; smoothness; burnished elegance.-the quality or state of being polite; refinement of manners; urbanity; courteous behavior; complaisance; obliging attentions.
politic: of or pertaining to polity, or civil government; political; as, the body politic. see under body.-pertaining to, or promoting, a policy, especially a national policy; well-devised; adapted to its end, whether right or wrong; -- said of things; as, a politic treaty.-sagacious in promoting a policy; ingenious in devising and advancing a system of management; devoted to a scheme or system rather than to a principle; hence, in a good sense, wise; prudent; sagacious; and in a bad sense, artful; unscrupulous; cunning; -- said of persons.-a politician.
political: having, or conforming to, a settled system of administration.-of or pertaining to public policy, or to politics; relating to affairs of state or administration; as, a political writer.-of or pertaining to a party, or to parties, in the state; as, his political relations were with the whigs.-politic; wise; also, artful.
politician: one versed or experienced in the science of government; one devoted to politics; a statesman.-one primarily devoted to his own advancement in public office, or to the success of a political party; -- used in a depreciatory sense; one addicted or attached to politics as managed by parties (see politics, 2); a schemer; an intriguer; as, a mere politician.-cunning; using artifice; politic; artful.
politicly: in a politic manner; sagaciously; shrewdly; artfully.
politics: the science of government; that part of ethics which has to do with the regulation and government of a nation or state, the preservation of its safety, peace, and prosperity, the defense of its existence and rights against foreign control or conquest, the augmentation of its strength and resources, and the protection of its citizens in their rights, with the preservation and improvement of their morals.-the management of a political party; the conduct and contests of parties with reference to political measures or the administration of public affairs; the advancement of candidates to office; in a bad sense, artful or dishonest management to secure the success of political candidates or parties; political trickery.
polity: the form or constitution of the civil government of a nation or state; the framework or organization by which the various departments of government are combined into a systematic whole.-hence: the form or constitution by which any institution is organized; the recognized principles which lie at the foundation of any human institution.-policy; art; management.
politzerization: the act of inflating the middle ear by blowing air up the nose during the act of swallowing; -- so called from prof. politzer of vienna, who first practiced it.
polka: a dance of polish origin, but now common everywhere. it is performed by two persons in common time.-a lively bohemian or polish dance tune in 2-4 measure, with the third quaver accented.
poll: a parrot; -- familiarly so called.-one who does not try for honors, but is content to take a degree merely; a passman.-the head; the back part of the head.-a number or aggregate of heads; a list or register of heads or individuals.-specifically, the register of the names of electors who may vote in an election.-the casting or recording of the votes of registered electors; as, the close of the poll.-the place where the votes are cast or recorded; as, to go to the polls.-the broad end of a hammer; the but of an ax.-the european chub. see pollard, 3 (a).-to remove the poll or head of; hence, to remove the top or end of; to clip; to lop; to shear; as, to poll the head; to poll a tree.-to cut off; to remove by clipping, shearing, etc.; to mow or crop; -- sometimes with off; as, to poll the hair; to poll wool; to poll grass.-to extort from; to plunder; to strip.-to impose a tax upon.-to pay as one's personal tax.-to enter, as polls or persons, in a list or register; to enroll, esp. for purposes of taxation; to enumerate one by one.-to register or deposit, as a vote; to elicit or call forth, as votes or voters; as, he polled a hundred votes more than his opponent.-to cut or shave smooth or even; to cut in a straight line without indentation; as, a polled deed. see dee/ poll.-to vote at an election.
pollack: a marine gadoid food fish of europe (pollachius virens). called also greenfish, greenling, lait, leet, lob, lythe, and whiting pollack.-the american pollock; the coalfish.
pollan: a lake whitefish (coregonus pollan), native of ireland. in appearance it resembles a herring.
pollard: a tree having its top cut off at some height above the ground, that may throw out branches.-a clipped coin; also, a counterfeit.-a fish, the chub.-a stag that has cast its antlers.-a hornless animal (cow or sheep).-to lop the tops of, as trees; to poll; as, to pollard willows.
polled: of poll-deprived of a poll, or of something belonging to the poll. specifically: (a) lopped; -- said of trees having their tops cut off. (b) cropped; hence, bald; -- said of a person. "the polled bachelor." beau. & fl. (c) having cast the antlers; -- said of a stag. (d) without horns; as, polled cattle; polled sheep.
pollen: fine bran or flour.-the fecundating dustlike cells of the anthers of flowers. see flower, and illust. of filament.
poller: one who polls; specifically: (a) one who polls or lops trees. (b) one who polls or cuts hair; a barber. [r.] (c) one who extorts or plunders. [obs.] baex. (d) one who registplws votplws, or one who enters his name as a voter.
pollex: the first, or preaxial, digit of the fore limb, corresponding to the hallux in the hind limb; the thumb. in birds, the pollex is the joint which bears the bastard wing.
pollicate: having a curved projection or spine on the inner side of a leg joint; -- said of insects.
pollicitation: a voluntary engagement, or a paper containing it; a promise.-a promise without mutuality; a promise which has not been accepted by the person to whom it is made.
polling: of poll-the act of topping, lopping, or cropping, as trees or hedges.-plunder, or extortion.-the act of voting, or of registering a vote.
pollinium: a coherent mass of pollen, as in the milkweed and most orchids.
polliwog: a tadpole; -- called also purwiggy and porwigle.
pollock: a marine gadoid fish (pollachius carbonarius), native both of the european and american coasts. it is allied to the cod, and like it is salted and dried. in england it is called coalfish, lob, podley, podling, pollack, etc.
pollucite: a colorless transparent mineral, resembling quartz, occurring with castor or castorite on the island of elba. it is a silicate of alumina and caesia. called also pollux.
pollute: to make foul, impure, or unclean; to defile; to taint; to soil; to desecrate; -- used of physical or moral defilement.-to violate sexually; to debauch; to dishonor.-to render ceremonially unclean; to disqualify or unfit for sacred use or service, or for social intercourse.-polluted.
polluted: of pollute-defiled; made unclean or impure; debauched.
polluting: of pollute-adapted or tending to pollute; causing defilement or pollution.
pollution: the act of polluting, or the state of being polluted (in any sense of the verb); defilement; uncleanness; impurity.-the emission of semen, or sperm, at other times than in sexual intercourse.
pollux: a fixed star of the second magnitude, in the constellation gemini.  cf. 3d castor.-same as pollucite.
polo: a game of ball of eastern origin, resembling hockey, with the players on horseback.-a similar game played on the ice, or on a prepared floor, by players wearing skates.
polonaise: of or pertaining to the poles, or to poland.-the polish language.-an article of dress for women, consisting of a body and an outer skirt in one piece.-a stately polish dance tune, in 3-4 measure, beginning always on the beat with a quaver followed by a crotchet, and closing on the beat after a strong accent on the second beat; also, a dance adapted to such music; a polacca.
polt-footed: having a distorted foot, or a clubfoot or clubfeet.
poltroon: an arrant coward; a dastard; a craven; a mean-spirited wretch.-base; vile; contemptible; cowardly.
poluria: a persistently excessive flow of watery urine, with low specific gravity and without the presence of either albumin or sugar. it is generally accompanied with more or less thirst.
polverine: glassmaker's ashes; a kind of potash or pearlash, brought from the levant and syria, -- used in the manufacture of fine glass.
poly: a whitish woolly plant (teucrium polium) of the order labiatae, found throughout the mediterranean region. the name, with sundry prefixes, is sometimes given to other related species of the same genus.
poly-: a combining form or prefix from gr. poly`s, many; as, polygon, a figure of many angles; polyatomic, having many atoms; polychord, polyconic.
poly-mountain: same as poly, n.-the closely related teucrium montanum, formerly called polium montanum, a plant of southern europe.-the bartsia alpina, a low purple-flowered herb of europe.
polyacid: capable of neutralizing, or of combining with, several molecules of a monobasic acid; having more than one hydrogen atom capable of being replaced by acid radicals; -- said of certain bases; as, calcium hydrate and glycerin are polyacid bases.
polyactinia: an old name for those anthozoa which, like the actinias, have numerous simple tentacles.
polyadelphia: a linnaean class of plants having stamens united in three or more bodies or bundles by the filaments.
polyadelphous: belonging to the class polyadelphia; having stamens united in three or more bundles.
polyandria: a linnaean class of monoclinous or hermaphrodite plants, having many stamens, or any number above twenty, inserted in the receptacle.
polyandric: pertaining to, or characterized by, polyandry; mating with several males.
polyandrous: belonging to the class polyandria; having many stamens, or any number above twenty, inserted in the receptacle.
polyandry: the possession by a woman of more than one husband at the same time; -- contrasted with monandry.
polyanthus: the oxlip. so called because the peduncle bears a many-flowered umbel. see oxlip. (b) a bulbous flowering plant of the genus narcissus (n. tazetta, or n. polyanthus of some authors). see illust. of narcissus.
polyatomic: having more than one atom in the molecule; consisting of several atoms.-having a valence greater than one.
polyautography: the act or practice of multiplying copies of one's own handwriting, or of manuscripts, by printing from stone, -- a species of lithography.
polybasic: capable of neutralizing, or of combining with, several molecules of a monacid base; having several hydrogen atoms capable of being replaced by basic radicals; -- said of certain acids; as, sulphuric acid is polybasic.
polybasite: an iron-black ore of silver, consisting of silver, sulphur, and antimony, with some copper and arsenic.
polybranchia: a division of nudibranchiata including those which have numerous branchiae on the back.
polycarpellary: composed of several or numerous carpels; -- said of such fruits as the orange.
polycarpous: bearing fruit repeatedly, or year after year.-having several pistils in one flower.
polychaeta: one of the two principal groups of chaetopoda. it includes those that have prominent parapodia and fascicles of setae. see illust. under parapodia.
polychord: having many strings.-a musical instrument of ten strings.-an apparatus for coupling two octave notes, capable of being attached to a keyed instrument.
polychroite: the coloring matter of saffron; -- formerly so called because of the change of color on treatment with certain acids; -- called also crocin, and safranin.
polychromate: a salt of a polychromic acid.-a compound which exhibits, or from which may be prepared, a variety of colors, as certain solutions derived from vegetables, which display colors by fluorescence.
polychrome: esculin; -- so called in allusion to its fluorescent solutions.-executed in the manner of polychromy; as, polychrome printing.
polychromic: polychromatic.-pertaining to, or designating, any one of several acids (known only in their salts) which contain more than one atom of chromium.
polychromous: of or pertaining to polychromy; many-colored; polychromatic.
polychromy: the art or practice of combining different colors, especially brilliant ones, in an artistic way.
polyclinic: a clinic in which diseases of many sorts are treated; especially, an institution in which clinical instruction is given in all kinds of disease.
polycotyledon: a plant that has many, or more than two, cotyledons in the seed.
polycotyledonary: having the villi of the placenta collected into definite patches, or cotyledons.
polycrotic: of or pertaining to polycrotism; manifesting polycrotism; as, a polycrotic pulse; a polycrotic pulse curve.
polycrotism: that state or condition of the pulse in which the pulse curve, or sphygmogram, shows several secondary crests or elevations; -- contrasted with monocrotism and dicrotism.
polycystid: one of the polycystidea.-one of the polycystina.-pertaining to the polycystidea, or the polycystina.
polycystidea: a division of gregarinae including those that have two or more internal divisions of the body.
polycystina: a division of radiolaria including numerous minute marine species. the skeleton is composed of silica, and is often very elegant in form and sculpture. many have been found in the fossil state.
polycystine: pertaining to the polycystina.-one of the polycystina.
polycyttaria: a division of radiolaria. it includes those having one more central capsules.
polyembryony: the production of two or more embryos in one seed, due either to the existence and fertilization of more than one embryonic sac or to the origination of embryos outside of the embryonic sac.
polygala: a genus of bitter herbs or shrubs having eight stamens and a two-celled ovary (as the seneca snakeroot, the flowering wintergreen, etc.); milkwort.
polygalaceous: of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (polygalaceae) of which polygala is the type.
polygalic: of, pertaining to, or obtained from, polygala; specifically, designating an acrid glucoside (called polygalic acid, senegin, etc.), resembling, or possibly identical with, saponin.
polygamia: a linnaean class of plants, characterized by having both hermaphrodite and unisexual flowers on the same plant.-a name given by linnaeus to file orders of plants having syngenesious flowers.
polygamous: of or pertaining to polygamy; characterized by, or involving, polygamy; having a plurality of wives; as, polygamous marriages; -- opposed to monogamous.-pairing with more than one female.-belonging to the polygamia; bearing both hermaphrodite and unisexual flowers on the same plant.
polygamy: the having of a plurality of wives or husbands at the same time; usually, the marriage of a man to more than one woman, or the practice of having several wives, at the same time; -- opposed to monogamy; as, the nations of the east practiced polygamy. see the note under bigamy, and cf. polyandry.-the state or habit of having more than one mate.-the condition or state of a plant which bears both perfect and unisexual flowers.
polygastric: having several bellies; -- applied to muscles which are made up of several bellies separated by short tendons.-pertaining to the polygastrica.-one of the polygastrica.
polygenetic: having many distinct sources; originating at various places or times.-of or pertaining to polygenesis; polyphyletic.
polygenism: the doctrine that animals of the same species have sprung from more than one original pair.
polygenist: one who maintains that animals of the same species have sprung from more than one original pair; -- opposed to monogenist.
polygenous: consisting of, or containing, many kinds; as, a polygenous mountain.
polygeny: the theory that living organisms originate in cells or embryos of different kinds, instead of coming from a single cell; -- opposed to monogenesis.
polyglot: containing, or made up, of, several languages; as, a polyglot lexicon, bible.-versed in, or speaking, many languages.-one who speaks several languages.-a book containing several versions of the same text, or containing the same subject matter in several languages; esp., the scriptures in several languages.
polygon: a plane figure having many angles, and consequently many sides; esp., one whose perimeter consists of more than four sides; any figure having many angles.
polygonaceous: of or pertaining to a natural order of apetalous plants (polygonaceae), of which the knotweeds (species of polygonum) are the type, and which includes also the docks (rumex), the buckwheat, rhubarb, sea grape (coccoloba), and several other genera.
polygonometry: the doctrine of polygons; an extension of some of the principles of trigonometry to the case of polygons.
polygonum: a genus of plants embracing a large number of species, including bistort, knotweed, smartweed, etc.
polygordius: a genus of marine annelids, believed to be an ancient or ancestral type. it is remarkable for its simplicity of structure and want of parapodia. it is the type of the order archiannelida, or gymnotoma. see loeven's larva.
polygraph: an instrument for multiplying copies of a writing; a manifold writer; a copying machine.-in bibliography, a collection of different works, either by one or several authors.-an instrument for detecting deceptive statements by a subject, by measuring several physiological states of the subject, such as pulse, heartbeat, and sweating.  the instrument records these parameters on a strip of paper while the subject is asked questions designed to elicit emotional responses when the subject tries to deceive the interrogator.   also called lie detector
polygraphical: pertaining to, or employed in, polygraphy; as, a polygraphic instrument.-done with a polygraph; as, a polygraphic copy.
polygraphy: much writing; writing of many books.-the art of writing in various ciphers, and of deciphering the same.-the art or practice of using a polygraph.
polygrooved: having many grooves; as, a polygrooved rifle or gun (referring to the rifling).
polygyny: the state or practice of having several wives at the same time; marriage to several wives.
polyhalite: a mineral usually occurring in fibrous masses, of a brick-red color, being tinged with iron, and consisting chiefly of the sulphates of lime, magnesia, and soda.
polyhedron: a body or solid contained by many sides or planes.-a polyscope, or multiplying glass.
polyiodide: a iodide having more than one atom of iodine in the molecule.
polymeniscous: having numerous facets; -- said of the compound eyes of insects and crustaceans.
polymer: any one of two or more substances related to each other by polymerism; specifically, a substance produced from another substance by chemical polymerization.
polymeric: having the same percentage composition (that is, having the same elements united in the same proportion by weight), but different molecular weights; -- often used with with; thus, cyanic acid (cnoh), fulminic acid (c2n2o2h2), and cyanuric acid (c3n3o3h3), are polymeric with each other.
polymerism: the state, quality, or relation of two or more polymeric substances.-the act or process of forming polymers.
polymerization: the act or process of changing to a polymeric form; the condition resulting from such change.
polymerize: to cause polymerization of; to produce polymers from; to increase the molecular weight of, without changing the atomic proportions; thus, certain acids polymerize aldehyde.-to change into another substance having the same atomic proportions, but a higher molecular weight; to undergo polymerization; thus, aldehyde polymerizes in forming paraldehyde.
polymnite: a stone marked with dendrites and black lines, and so disposed as to represent rivers, marshes, etc.
polymorph: a substance capable of crystallizing in several distinct forms; also, any one of these forms.  cf. allomorph.
polymorphism: same as pleomorphism.-the capability of assuming different forms; the capability of widely varying in form.-existence in many forms; the coexistence, in the same locality, of two or more distinct forms independent of sex, not connected by intermediate gradations, but produced from common parents.
polymorphosis: the assumption of several structural forms without a corresponding difference in function; -- said of sponges, etc.
polymorphous: having, or assuming, a variety of forms, characters, or styles; as, a polymorphous author.-having, or occurring in, several distinct forms; -- opposed to monomorphic.
polyneme: any one of numerous species of tropical food fishes of the family polynemidae. they have several slender filaments, often very long, below the pectoral fin. some of them yield isinglass of good quality. called also threadfish.
polynesian: of or pertaining to polynesia (the islands of the eastern and central pacific), or to the polynesians.
polynomial: an expression composed of two or more terms, connected by the signs plus or minus; as, a2 - 2ab + b2.-containing many names or terms; multinominal; as, the polynomial theorem.-consisting of two or more words; having names consisting of two or more words; as, a polynomial name; polynomial nomenclature.
polyorama: a view of many objects; also, a sort of panorama with dissolving views.
polyp: one of the feeding or nutritive zooids of a hydroid or coral.-one of the anthozoa.-same as anthozoa. see anthozoa, madreporaria, hydroid.
polyperythrin: a coloring matter found in many simple anthozoa and some hydroids.
polypetalous: consisting of, or having, several or many separate petals; as, a polypetalous corolla, flower, or plant.
polyphagous: eating, or subsisting on, many kinds of food; as, polyphagous animals.
polypharmacy: the act or practice of prescribing too many medicines.-a prescription made up of many medicines or ingredients.
polyphemus: a very large american moth (telea polyphemus) belonging to the silkworm family (bombycidae). its larva, which is very large, bright green, with silvery tubercles, and with oblique white stripes on the sides, feeds on the oak, chestnut, willow, cherry, apple, and other trees. it produces a large amount of strong silk. called also american silkworm.
polyphone: a character or vocal sign representing more than one sound, as read, which is pronounced red.
polyphonic: having a multiplicity of sounds.-characterized by polyphony; as, assyrian polyphonic characters.-consisting of several tone series, or melodic parts, progressing simultaneously according to the laws of counterpoint; contrapuntal; as, a polyphonic composition; -- opposed to homophonic, or monodic.
polyphonist: a proficient in the art of multiplying sounds; a ventriloquist.-a master of polyphony; a contrapuntist.
polyphony: multiplicity of sounds, as in the reverberations of an echo.-plurality of sounds and articulations expressed by the same vocal sign.-composition in mutually related, equally important parts which share the melody among them; contrapuntal composition; -- opposed to homophony, in which the melody is given to one part only, the others filling out the harmony. see counterpoint.
polyphyletic: pertaining to, or characterized by, descent from more than one root form, or from many different root forms; polygenetic; -- opposed to monophyletic.
polyphyllous: many-leaved; as, a polyphyllous calyx or perianth.
polypidom: a coral, or corallum; also, one of the coral-like structure made by bryozoans and hydroids.
polypite: one of the feeding zooids, or polyps, of a coral, hydroid, or siphonophore; a hydranth. see illust. of campanularian.-sometimes, the manubrium of a hydroid medusa.-a fossil coral.
polyplastic: assuming, or having the power of assuming, many forms; as, a polyplastic element which does not preserve its original shape.