AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-english-full-a-to-z huggingface dataset:
pelagic: of or pertaining to the ocean; -- applied especially to animals that live at the surface of the ocean, away from the coast.
pelargonic: pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid (called also nonoic acid) found in the leaves of the geranium (pelargonium) and allied plants.
pelargonium: a large genus of plants of the order geraniaceae, differing from geranium in having a spurred calyx and an irregular corolla.
pelasgic: of or pertaining to the pelasgians, an ancient people of greece, of roving habits.-wandering.
pelecaniformes: those birds that are related to the pelican; the totipalmi.
pelecoid: a figure, somewhat hatched-shaped, bounded by a semicircle and two inverted quadrants, and equal in area to the square abcd inclosed by the chords of the four quadrants.
pelerine: a woman's cape; especially, a fur cape that is longer in front than behind.
pelf: money; riches; lucre; gain; -- generally conveying the idea of something ill-gotten or worthless. it has no plural.
pelican: any large webfooted bird of the genus pelecanus, of which about a dozen species are known. they have an enormous bill, to the lower edge of which is attached a pouch in which captured fishes are temporarily stored.-a retort or still having a curved tube or tubes leading back from the head to the body for continuous condensation and redistillation.
pelicosauria: a suborder of theromorpha, including terrestrial reptiles from the permian formation.
peliom: a variety of iolite, of a smoky blue color; pelioma.
pelisse: an outer garment for men or women, originally of fur, or lined with fur; a lady's outer garment, made of silk or other fabric.
pell: to pelt; to knock about.-a skin or hide; a pelt.-a roll of parchment; a parchment record.
pellagra: an erythematous affection of the skin, with severe constitutional and nervous symptoms, endemic in northern italy.
pellet: a little ball; as, a pellet of wax / paper.-a bullet; a ball for firearms.-to form into small balls.
pellibranchiata: a division of nudibranchiata, in which the mantle itself serves as a gill.
pellicle: a thin skin or film.-a thin film formed on the surface of an evaporating solution.
pellitory: the common name of the several species of the genus parietaria, low, harmless weeds of the nettle family; -- also called wall pellitory, and lichwort.-a composite plant (anacyclus pyrethrum) of the mediterranean region, having finely divided leaves and whitish flowers. the root is the officinal pellitory, and is used as an irritant and sialogogue. called also bertram, and pellitory of spain.-the feverfew (chrysanthemum parthenium); -- so called because it resembles the above.
pellucidness: the quality or state of being pellucid; transparency; translucency; clearness; as, the pellucidity of the air.
pelopium: a supposed new metal found in columbite, afterwards shown to be identical with columbium, or niobium.
peloponnesian: of or pertaining to the peloponnesus, or southern peninsula of greece.-a native or an inhabitant of the peloponnesus.
peloria: abnormal regularity; the state of certain flowers, which, being naturally irregular, have become regular through a symmetrical repetition of the special irregularity.
pelt: the skin of a beast with the hair on; a raw or undressed hide; a skin preserved with the hairy or woolly covering on it. see 4th fell.-the human skin.-the body of any quarry killed by the hawk.-to strike with something thrown or driven; to assail with pellets or missiles, as, to pelt with stones; pelted with hail.-to throw; to use as a missile.-to throw missiles.-to throw out words.-a blow or stroke from something thrown.
pelta: a small shield, especially one of an approximately elliptic form, or crescent-shaped.-a flat apothecium having no rim.
peltated: shield-shaped; scutiform; (bot.) having the stem or support attached to the lower surface, instead of at the base or margin; -- said of a leaf or other organ.
pelter: one who pelts.-a pinchpenny; a mean, sordid person; a miser; a skinflint.
peltry: pelts or skins, collectively; skins with the fur on them; furs.
pelusiac: of or pertaining to pelusium, an ancient city of egypt; as, the pelusiac (or former eastern) outlet of the nile.
pelvic: of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the pelvis; as, pelvic cellulitis.
pelvis: the pelvic arch, or the pelvic arch together with the sacrum. see pelvic arch, under pelvic, and sacrum.-the calyx of a crinoid.
pemmican: among the north american indians, meat cut in thin slices, divested of fat, and dried in the sun.-meat, without the fat, cut in thin slices, dried in the sun, pounded, then mixed with melted fat and sometimes dried fruit, and compressed into cakes or in bags. it contains much nutriment in small compass, and is of great use in long voyages of exploration.
pemphigus: a somewhat rare skin disease, characterized by the development of blebs upon different part of the body.
pen: a feather.-a wing.-an instrument used for writing with ink, formerly made of a reed, or of the quill of a goose or other bird, but now also of other materials, as of steel, gold, etc. also, originally, a stylus or other instrument for scratching or graving.-fig.: a writer, or his style; as, he has a sharp pen.-the internal shell of a squid.-a female swan.-to write; to compose and commit to paper; to indite; to compose; as, to pen a sonnet.-to shut up, as in a pen or cage; to confine in a small inclosure or narrow space; to coop up, or shut in; to inclose.-a small inclosure; as, a pen for sheep or for pigs.
penal: of or pertaining to punishment, to penalties, or to crimes and offenses; pertaining to criminal jurisprudence-enacting or threatening punishment; as, a penal statue; the penal code.-incurring punishment; subject to a penalty; as, a penalact of offense.-inflicted as punishment; used as a means of punishment; as, a penal colony or settlement.
penalty: penal retribution; punishment for crime or offense; the suffering in person or property which is annexed by law or judicial decision to the commission of a crime, offense, or trespass.-the suffering, or the sum to be forfeited, to which a person subjects himself by covenant or agreement, in case of nonfulfillment of stipulations; forfeiture; fine.-a handicap.
penance: repentance.-pain; sorrow; suffering.-a means of repairing a sin committed, and obtaining pardon for it, consisting partly in the performance of expiatory rites, partly in voluntary submission to a punishment corresponding to the transgression. penance is the fourth of seven sacraments in the roman catholic church.-to impose penance; to punish.
penates: the household gods of the ancient romans. they presided over the home and the family hearth. see lar.
pencel: a small, narrow flag or streamer borne at the top of a lance; -- called also pennoncel.
penchant: inclination; decided taste; bias; as, a penchant for art.
pencil: a small, fine brush of hair or bristles used by painters for laying on colors.-a slender cylinder or strip of black lead, colored chalk, slate etc., or such a cylinder or strip inserted in a small wooden rod intended to be pointed, or in a case, which forms a handle, -- used for drawing or writing. see graphite.-hence, figuratively, an artist's ability or peculiar manner; also, in general, the act or occupation of the artist, descriptive writer, etc.-an aggregate or collection of rays of light, especially when diverging from, or converging to, a point.-a number of lines that intersect in one point, the point of intersection being called the pencil point.-a small medicated bougie.-to write or mark with a pencil; to paint or to draw.
penciled: of pencil-painted, drawn, sketched, or marked with a pencil.-radiated; having pencils of rays.-marked with parallel or radiating lines.
penciling: of pencil-the work of the pencil or bruch; as, delicate penciling in a picture.-lines of white or black paint drawn along a mortar joint in a brick wall.
pencraft: penmanship; skill in writing; chirography.-the art of composing or writing; authorship.
pend: oil cake; penock.-to hang; to depend.-to be undecided, or in process of adjustment.-to pen; to confine.
pendant: something which hangs or depends; something suspended; a hanging appendage, especially one of an ornamental character; as to a chandelier or an eardrop; also, an appendix or addition, as to a book.-a hanging ornament on roofs, ceilings, etc., much used in the later styles of gothic architecture, where it is of stone, and an important part of the construction. there are imitations in plaster and wood, which are mere decorative features.-one of a pair; a counterpart; as, one vase is the pendant to the other vase.-a pendulum.-the stem and ring of a watch, by which it is suspended.
pendency: the quality or state of being pendent or suspended.-the quality or state of being undecided, or in continuance; suspense; as, the pendency of a suit.
pendent: supported from above; suspended; depending; pendulous; hanging; as, a pendent leaf.-jutting over; projecting; overhanging.
pendentive: the portion of a vault by means of which the square space in the middle of a building is brought to an octagon or circle to receive a cupola.-the part of a groined vault which is supported by, and springs from, one pier or corbel.
pendicle: an appendage; something dependent on another; an appurtenance; a pendant.
pending: of pend-not yet decided; in continuance; in suspense; as, a pending suit.-during; as, pending the trail.
pendragon: a chief leader or a king; a head; a dictator; -- a title assumed by the ancient british chiefs when called to lead other chiefs.
penduline: a european titmouse (parus, / aegithalus, pendulinus). it is noted for its elegant pendulous purselike nest, made of the down of willow trees and lined with feathers.
pendulous: depending; pendent loosely; hanging; swinging.-wavering; unstable; doubtful.-inclined or hanging downwards, as a flower on a recurved stalk, or an ovule which hangs from the upper part of the ovary.
pendulousness: the quality or state of being pendulous; the state of hanging loosely; pendulosity.
pendulum: a body so suspended from a fixed point as to swing freely to and fro by the alternate action of gravity and momentum. it is used to regulate the movements of clockwork and other machinery.
penetrability: the quality of being penetrable; susceptibility of being penetrated, entered, or pierced.
penetralia: the recesses, or innermost parts, of any thing or place, especially of a temple or palace.-hidden things or secrets; privacy; sanctuary; as, the sacred penetralia of the home.
penetrancy: the quality or state of being penetrant; power of entering or piercing; penetrating power of quality; as, the penetrancy of subtile effluvia.
penetrant: having power to enter or pierce; penetrating; sharp; subtile; as, penetrant cold.
penetrate: to enter into; to make way into the interior of; to effect an entrance into; to pierce; as, light penetrates darkness.-to affect profoundly through the senses or feelings; to touch with feeling; to make sensible; to move deeply; as, to penetrate one's heart with pity.-to pierce into by the mind; to arrive at the inner contents or meaning of, as of a mysterious or difficult subject; to comprehend; to understand.-to pass; to make way; to pierce. also used figuratively.
penetrating: of penetrate-having the power of entering, piercing, or pervading; sharp; subtile; penetrative; as, a penetrating odor.-acute; discerning; sagacious; quick to discover; as, a penetrating mind.
penetration: the act or process of penetrating, piercing, or entering; also, the act of mentally penetrating into, or comprehending, anything difficult.-acuteness; insight; sharp discoverment; sagacity; as, a person of singular penetration.
penetrative: tending to penetrate; of a penetrating quality; piercing; as, the penetrative sun.-having the power to affect or impress the mind or heart; impressive; as, penetrative shame.-acute; discerning; sagacious; as, penetrative wisdom.
penguin: any bird of the order impennes, or ptilopteri. they are covered with short, thick feathers, almost scalelike on the wings, which are without true quills. they are unable to fly, but use their wings to aid in diving, in which they are very expert. see king penguin, under jackass.-the egg-shaped fleshy fruit of a west indian plant (bromelia pinguin) of the pineapple family; also, the plant itself, which has rigid, pointed, and spiny-toothed leaves, and is used for hedges.
penicillate: having the form of a pencil; furnished with a pencil of fine hairs; ending in a tuft of hairs like a camel's-hair brush, as the stigmas of some grasses.
peninsula: a portion of land nearly surrounded by water, and connected with a larger body by a neck, or isthmus.
peninsular: of or pertaining to a peninsula; as, a peninsular form; peninsular people; the peninsular war.
penitence: the quality or condition of being penitent; the disposition of a penitent; sorrow for sins or faults; repentance; contrition.
penitent: feeling pain or sorrow on account of sins or offenses; repentant; contrite; sincerely affected by a sense of guilt, and resolved on amendment of life.-doing penance.-one who repents of sin; one sorrowful on account of his transgressions.-one under church censure, but admitted to penance; one undergoing penance.-one under the direction of a confessor.
penitential: of or pertaining to penitence, or to penance; expressing penitence; of the nature of penance; as, the penitential book; penitential tears.-a book formerly used by priests hearing confessions, containing rules for the imposition of penances; -- called also penitential book.
penitentiary: relating to penance, or to the rules and measures of penance.-expressive of penitence; as, a penitentiary letter.-used for punishment, discipline, and reformation.-one who prescribes the rules and measures of penance.-one who does penance.-a small building in a monastery where penitents confessed.-that part of a church to which penitents were admitted.-an office of the papal court which examines cases of conscience, confession, absolution from vows, etc., and delivers decisions, dispensations, etc.  its chief is a cardinal, called the grand penitentiary, appointed by the pope.-an officer in some dioceses since a. d. 1215, vested with power from the bishop to absolve in cases reserved to him.-a house of correction, in which offenders are confined for punishment, discipline, and reformation, and in which they are generally compelled to labor.
penitentiaryship: the office or condition of a penitentiary of the papal court.
penknife: a small pocketknife; formerly, a knife used for making and mending quill pens.
penman: one who uses the pen; a writer; esp., one skilled in the use of the pen; a calligrapher; a writing master.-an author; a composer.
penmanship: the use of the pen in writing; the art of writing; style or manner of writing; chirography; as, good or bad penmanship.
pennant: a small flag; a pennon. the narrow, / long, pennant (called also whip or coach whip) is a long, narrow piece of bunting, carried at the masthead of a government vessel in commission. the board pennant is an oblong, nearly square flag, carried at the masthead of a commodore's vessel.-a rope or strap to which a purchase is hooked.
pennatula: any one of numerous species of pennatula, pteroides, and allied genera of alcyonaria, having a featherlike form; a sea-pen. the zooids are situated along one edge of the side branches.
pennatulacea: a division of alcyonoid corals, including the seapens and related kinds. they are able to move about by means of the hollow muscular peduncle, which also serves to support them upright in the mud. see pennatula, and illust. under alcyonaria.
penned: of pen-of pen-winged; having plumes.-written with a pen; composed.
penny: denoting pound weight for one thousand; -- used in combination, with respect to nails; as, tenpenny nails, nails of which one thousand weight ten pounds.-an english coin, formerly of copper, now of bronze, the twelfth part of an english shilling in account value, and equal to four farthings, or about two cents; -- usually indicated by the abbreviation d. (the initial of denarius).-any small sum or coin; a groat; a stiver.-money, in general; as, to turn an honest penny.-see denarius.-worth or costing one penny.
penny-a-liner: one who furnishes matter to public journals at so much a line; a poor writer for hire; a hack writer.
pennyroyal: an aromatic herb (mentha pulegium) of europe; also, a north american plant (hedeoma pulegioides) resembling it in flavor.
pennyweight: a troy weight containing twenty-four grains, or the twentieth part of an ounce; as, a pennyweight of gold or of arsenic. it was anciently the weight of a silver penny, whence the name.
pennywort: a european trailing herb (linaria cymbalaria) with roundish, reniform leaves. it is often cultivated in hanging baskets.
pennyworth: a penny's worth; as much as may be bought for a penny.-hence: the full value of one's penny expended; due return for money laid out; a good bargain; a bargain.-a small quantity; a trifle.
pension: a payment; a tribute; something paid or given.-a stated allowance to a person in consideration of past services; payment made to one retired from service, on account of age, disability, or other cause; especially, a regular stipend paid by a government to retired public officers, disabled soldiers, the families of soldiers killed in service, or to meritorious authors, or the like.-a certain sum of money paid to a clergyman in lieu of tithes.-a boarding house or boarding school in france, belgium, switzerland, etc.-to grant a pension to; to pay a regular stipend to; in consideration of service already performed; -- sometimes followed by off; as, to pension off a servant.
pensionary: maintained by a pension; receiving a pension; as, pensionary spies.-consisting of a pension; as, a pensionary provision for maintenance.-one who receives a pension; a pensioner.-one of the chief magistrates of towns in holland.
pensioner: one in receipt of a pension; hence, figuratively, a dependent.-one of an honorable band of gentlemen who attend the sovereign of england on state occasions, and receive an annual pension, or allowance, of £150 and two horses.-in the university of cambridge, england, one who pays for his living in commons; -- corresponding to commoner at oxford.
pensive: thoughtful, sober, or sad; employed in serious reflection; given to, or favorable to, earnest or melancholy musing.-expressing or suggesting thoughtfulness with sadness; as, pensive numbers.
penstock: a close conduit or pipe for conducting water, as, to a water wheel, or for emptying a pond, or for domestic uses.-the barrel of a wooden pump.
penta-: a combining form denoting five; as, pentacapsular; pentagon.-denoting the degree of five, either as regards quality, property, or composition; as, pentasulphide; pentoxide, etc.  also used adjectively.
pentabasic: capable of uniting with five molecules of a monacid base; having five acid hydrogen atoms capable of substitution by a basic radical; -- said of certain acids.
pentachenium: a dry fruit composed of five carpels, which are covered by an epigynous calyx and separate at maturity.
pentachord: an ancient instrument of music with five strings.-an order or system of five sounds.
pentacid: capable of neutralizing, or combining with, five molecules of a monobasic acid; having five hydrogen atoms capable of substitution by acid residues; -- said of certain complex bases.
pentacle: a figure composed of two equilateral triangles intersecting so as to form a six-pointed star, -- used in early ornamental art, and also with superstitious import by the astrologers and mystics of the middle ages.
pentacoccous: composed of five united carpels with one seed in each, as certain fruits.
pentacrinin: a red and purple pigment found in certain crinoids of the genus pentacrinus.
pentacrinoid: an immature comatula when it is still attached by a stem, and thus resembles a pentacrinus.
pentacrinus: a genus of large, stalked crinoids, of which several species occur in deep water among the west indies and elsewhere.
pentacrostic: a set of verses so disposed that the name forming the subject of the acrostic occurs five times -- the whole set of verses being divided into five different parts from top to bottom.
pentad: any element, atom, or radical, having a valence of five, or which can be combined with, substituted for, or compared with, five atoms of hydrogen or other monad; as, nitrogen is a pentad in the ammonium compounds.-having the valence of a pentad.
pentadactyle: having five digits to the hand or foot.-having five appendages resembling fingers or toes.
pentadactyloid: having the form of, or a structure modified from, a pentadactyl limb.
pentadecane: a hydrocarbon of the paraffin series, (c15h32) found in petroleum, tar oil, etc., and obtained as a colorless liquid; -- so called from the fifteen carbon atoms in the molecule.
pentadecatoic: of, pertaining to, or derived from, pentadecane, or designating an acid related to it.
pentadelphous: having the stamens arranged in five clusters, those of each cluster having their filaments more or less united, as the flowers of the linden.
pentagon: a plane figure having five angles, and, consequently, five sides; any figure having five angles.
pentagynous: of or pertaining to plants of the order pentagyna; having five styles.
pentail: a peculiar insectivore (ptilocercus lowii) of borneo; -- so called from its very long, quill-shaped tail, which is scaly at the base and plumose at the tip.
pentalpha: a five-pointed star, resembling five alphas joined at their bases; -- used as a symbol.
pentamera: an extensive division of coleoptera, including those that normally have five-jointed tarsi. it embraces about half of all the known species of the coleoptera.
pentamerous: divided into, or consisting of, five parts; also, arranged in sets, with five parts in each set, as a flower with five sepals, five petals, five, or twice five, stamens, and five pistils.-belonging to the pentamera.
pentamerus: a genus of extinct paleozoic brachiopods, often very abundant in the upper silurian.
pentamethylene: a hypothetical hydrocarbon, c5h10, metameric with the amylenes, and the nucleus of a large number of derivatives; -- so named because regarded as composed of five methylene residues.  cf. trimethylene, and tetramethylene.
pentane: any one of the three metameric hydrocarbons, c5h12, of the methane or paraffin series. they are colorless, volatile liquids, two of which occur in petroleum. so called because of the five carbon atoms in the molecule.
pentaptych: a picture, or combination of pictures, consisting of a centerpiece and double folding doors or wings, as for an altarpiece.
pentastichous: having, or arranged in, five vertical ranks, as the leaves of an apple tree or a cherry tree.
pentastyle: having five columns in front; -- said of a temple or portico in classical architecture.-a portico having five columns.
pentateuch: the first five books of the old testament, collectively; -- called also the law of moses, book of the law of moses, etc.
pentathionic: pertaining to, or designating, an acid of sulphur obtained by leading hydrogen sulphide into a solution of sulphur dioxide; -- so called because it contains five atoms of sulphur.
pentathlon: a fivefold athletic performance peculiar to the great national games of the greeks, including leaping, foot racing, wrestling, throwing the discus, and throwing the spear.
pentavalent: having a valence of five; -- said of certain atoms and radicals.
pentecost: a solemn festival of the jews; -- so called because celebrated on the fiftieth day (seven weeks) after the second day of the passover (which fell on the sixteenth of the jewish month nisan); -- hence called, also, the feast of weeks. at this festival an offering of the first fruits of the harvest was made. by the jews it was generally regarded as commemorative of the gift of the law on the fiftieth day after the departure from egypt.-a festival of the roman catholic and other churches in commemoration of the descent of the holy spirit on the apostles; which occurred on the day of pentecost; -- called also whitsunday.
pentecostals: offerings formerly made to the parish priest, or to the mother church, at pentecost.