AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-english-full-a-to-z huggingface dataset:
placket: a petticoat, esp. an under petticoat; hence, a cant term for a woman.-the opening or slit left in a petticoat or skirt for convenience in putting it on; -- called also placket hole.-a woman's pocket.
placodermal: of or pertaining to the placoderms; like the placoderms.
placodermi: an extinct group of fishes, supposed to be ganoids. the body and head were covered with large bony plates. see illust. under pterichthys, and coccosteus.
placoganoidei: a division of ganoid fishes including those that have large external bony plates and a cartilaginous skeleton.
placoid: platelike; having irregular, platelike, bony scales, often bearing spines; pertaining to the placoids.-any fish having placoid scales, as the sharks.-one of the placoides.
placoides: a group of fishes including the sharks and rays; the elasmobranchii; -- called also placoidei.
placophora: a division of gastropod mollusca, including the chitons. the back is covered by eight shelly plates. called also polyplacophora. see illust. under chiton, and isopleura.
plagal: having a scale running from the dominant to its octave; -- said of certain old church modes or tunes, as opposed to those called authentic, which ran from the tonic to its octave.
plagiarist: one who plagiarizes; or purloins the words, writings, or ideas of another, and passes them off as his own; a literary thief; a plagiary.
plagiarize: to steal or purloin from the writings of another; to appropriate without due acknowledgement (the ideas or expressions of another).
plagiary: to commit plagiarism.-a manstealer; a kidnaper.-one who purloins another's expressions or ideas, and offers them as his own; a plagiarist.-plagiarism; literary thief.-kidnaping.-practicing plagiarism.
plagihedral: having an oblique spiral arrangement of planes, as levogyrate and dextrogyrate crystals.
plagioclase: a general term used of any triclinic feldspar. see the note under feldspar.
plagionite: a sulphide of lead and antimony, of a blackish lead-gray color and metallic luster.
plagiostomi: an order of fishes including the sharks and rays; -- called also plagiostomata.
plague: that which smites, wounds, or troubles; a blow; a calamity; any afflictive evil or torment; a great trail or vexation.-an acute malignant contagious fever, that often prevails in egypt, syria, and turkey, and has at times visited the large cities of europe with frightful mortality; hence, any pestilence; as, the great london plague.-to infest or afflict with disease, calamity, or natural evil of any kind.-fig.: to vex; to tease; to harass.
plagueful: abounding, or infecting, with plagues; pestilential; as, plagueful exhalations.
plaguy: vexatious; troublesome; tormenting; as, a plaguy horse. [colloq.] also used adverbially; as, "he is so plaguy proud."
plaice: a european food fish (pleuronectes platessa), allied to the flounder, and growing to the weight of eight or ten pounds or more.-a large american flounder (paralichthys dentatus; called also brail, puckermouth, and summer flounder. the name is sometimes applied to other allied species.
plaid: a rectangular garment or piece of cloth, usually made of the checkered material called tartan, but sometimes of plain gray, or gray with black stripes. it is worn by both sexes in scotland.-goods of any quality or material of the pattern of a plaid or tartan; a checkered cloth or pattern.-having a pattern or colors which resemble a scotch plaid; checkered or marked with bars or stripes at right angles to one another; as, plaid muslin.
plaided: of the material of which plaids are made; tartan.-wearing a plaid.
plain: to lament; to bewail; to complain.-to lament; to mourn over; as, to plain a loss.-without elevations or depressions; flat; level; smooth; even. see plane.-open; clear; unencumbered; equal; fair.-not intricate or difficult; evident; manifest; obvious; clear; unmistakable.-void of extraneous beauty or ornament; without conspicious embellishment; not rich; simple.-not highly cultivated; unsophisticated; free from show or pretension; simple; natural; homely; common.-free from affectation or disguise; candid; sincere; artless; honest; frank.-not luxurious; not highly seasoned; simple; as, plain food.-without beauty; not handsome; homely; as, a plain woman.-not variegated, dyed, or figured; as, plain muslin.-not much varied by modulations; as, a plain tune.-in a plain manner; plainly.-level land; usually, an open field or a broad stretch of land with an even surface, or a surface little varied by inequalities; as, the plain of jordan; the american plains, or prairies.-a field of battle.-to plane or level; to make plain or even on the surface.-to make plain or manifest; to explain.
plain-laid: consisting of strands twisted together in the ordinary way; as, a plain-laid rope. see illust. of cordage.
plain-spoken: speaking with plain, unreserved sincerity; also, spoken sincerely; as, plain-spoken words.
plaint: audible expression of sorrow; lamentation; complaint; hence, a mournful song; a lament.-an accusation or protest on account of an injury.-a private memorial tendered to a court, in which a person sets forth his cause of action; the exhibiting of an action in writing.
plaintiff: one who commences a personal action or suit to obtain a remedy for an injury to his rights; -- opposed to defendant.-see plaintive.
plaintive: repining; complaining; lamenting.-expressive of sorrow or melancholy; mournful; sad.
plait: a flat fold; a doubling, as of cloth; a pleat; as, a box plait.-a braid, as of hair or straw; a plat.-to fold; to double in narrow folds; to pleat; as, to plait a ruffle.-to interweave the strands or locks of; to braid; to plat; as, to plait hair; to plait rope.
plaited: of plait-folded; doubled over; braided; figuratively, involved; intricate; artful.
plan: a draught or form; properly, a representation drawn on a plane, as a map or a chart; especially, a top view, as of a machine, or the representation or delineation of a horizontal section of anything, as of a building; a graphic representation; a diagram.-a scheme devised; a method of action or procedure expressed or described in language; a project; as, the plan of a constitution; the plan of an expedition.-a method; a way of procedure; a custom.-to form a delineation of; to draught; to represent, as by a diagram.-to scheme; to devise; to contrive; to form in design; as, to plan the conquest of a country.
planaria: any species of turbellarian worms belonging to planaria, and many allied genera. the body is usually flat, thin, and smooth. some species, in warm countries, are terrestrial.
planarian: one of the planarida, or dendrocoela; any turbellarian worm.
planch: a plank.-to make or cover with planks or boards; to plank.
plancher: a floor of wood; also, a plank.-the under side of a cornice; a soffit.-to form of planks.
planchet: a flat piece of metal; especially, a disk of metal ready to be stamped as a coin.
planchette: a circumferentor. see circumferentor.-a small tablet of wood supported on casters and having a pencil attached. the characters produced by the pencil on paper, while the hand rests on the instrument and it is allowed to move, are sometimes translated as of oracular or supernatural import.
planching: of planch-the laying of floors in a building; also, a floor of boards or planks.
plane: any tree of the genus platanus.-without elevations or depressions; even; level; flat; lying in, or constituting, a plane; as, a plane surface.-a surface, real or imaginary, in which, if any two points are taken, the straight line which joins them lies wholly in that surface; or a surface, any section of which by a like surface is a straight line; a surface without curvature.-an ideal surface, conceived as coinciding with, or containing, some designated astronomical line, circle, or other curve; as, the plane of an orbit; the plane of the ecliptic, or of the equator.-a block or plate having a perfectly flat surface, used as a standard of flatness; a surface plate.-a tool for smoothing boards or other surfaces of wood, for forming moldings, etc. it consists of a smooth-soled stock, usually of wood, from the under side or face of which projects slightly the steel cutting edge of a chisel, called the iron, which inclines backward, with an apperture in front for the escape of shavings; as, the jack plane; the smoothing plane; the molding plane, etc.-to make smooth; to level; to pare off the inequalities of the surface of, as of a board or other piece of wood, by the use of a plane; as, to plane a plank.-to efface or remove.-figuratively, to make plain or smooth.
planer: one who, or that which, planes; a planing machine; esp., a machine for planing wood or metals.-a wooden block used for forcing down the type in a form, and making the surface even.
planer tree: a small-leaved north american tree (planera aquatica) related to the elm, but having a wingless, nutlike fruit.
planet: a celestial body which revolves about the sun in an orbit of a moderate degree of eccentricity. it is distinguished from a comet by the absence of a coma, and by having a less eccentric orbit. see solar system.-a star, as influencing the fate of a men.
planetary: of or pertaining to the planets; as, planetary inhabitants; planetary motions; planetary year.-consisting of planets; as, a planetary system.-under the dominion or influence of a planet.-caused by planets.-having the nature of a planet; erratic; revolving; wandering.
planiform: having a plane surface; as, a planiform, gliding, or arthrodial articulation.
planimeter: an instrument for measuring the area of any plane figure, however irregular, by passing a tracer around the bounding line; a platometer.
planimetry: the mensuration of plane surfaces; -- distinguished from stereometry, or the mensuration of volumes.
planing: of plane-a. & vb. n. fr. plane, v. t.
planipennia: a suborder of neuroptera, including those that have broad, flat wings, as the ant-lion, lacewing, etc. called also planipennes.
planish: to make smooth or plane, as a metallic surface; to condense, toughen, and polish by light blows with a hammer.
planishing: of planish-a. & vb. n. from planish, v. t.
planisphere: the representation of the circles of the sphere upon a plane; especially, a representation of the celestial sphere upon a plane with adjustable circles, or other appendages, for showing the position of the heavens, the time of rising and setting of stars, etc., for any given date or hour.
plank: a broad piece of sawed timber, differing from a board only in being thicker. see board.-fig.: that which supports or upholds, as a board does a swimmer.-one of the separate articles in a declaration of the principles of a party or cause; as, a plank in the national platform.-to cover or lay with planks; as, to plank a floor or a ship.-to lay down, as on a plank or table; to stake or pay cash; as, to plank money in a wager.-to harden, as hat bodies, by felting.-to splice together the ends of slivers of wool, for subsequent drawing.
plank-sheer: the course of plank laid horizontally over the timberheads of a vessel's frame.
planking: of plank-the act of laying planks; also, planks, collectively; a series of planks in place, as the wooden covering of the frame of a vessel.-the act of splicing slivers. see plank, v. t., 4.
plano-: combining forms signifying flat, level, plane; as planifolious, planimetry, plano-concave.-see plani-.
plano-concave: plane or flat on one side, and concave on the other; as, a plano-concave lens. see lens.
plano-convex: plane or flat on one side, and convex on the other; as, a plano-convex lens. see convex, and lens.
planoblast: any free-swimming gonophore of a hydroid; a hydroid medusa.
planometer: an instrument for gauging or testing a plane surface. see surface gauge, under surface.
planorbis: any fresh-water air-breathing mollusk belonging to planorbis and other allied genera, having shells of a discoidal form.
plant: a vegetable; an organized living being, generally without feeling and voluntary motion, and having, when complete, a root, stem, and leaves, though consisting sometimes only of a single leafy expansion, or a series of cellules, or even a single cellule.-a bush, or young tree; a sapling; hence, a stick or staff.-the sole of the foot.-the whole machinery and apparatus employed in carrying on a trade or mechanical business; also, sometimes including real estate, and whatever represents investment of capital in the means of carrying on a business, but not including material worked upon or finished products; as, the plant of a foundry, a mill, or a railroad.-a plan; an artifice; a swindle; a trick.-an oyster which has been bedded, in distinction from one of natural growth.-a young oyster suitable for transplanting.-to put in the ground and cover, as seed for growth; as, to plant maize.-to set in the ground for growth, as a young tree, or a vegetable with roots.-to furnish, or fit out, with plants; as, to plant a garden, an orchard, or a forest.-to engender; to generate; to set the germ of.-to furnish with a fixed and organized population; to settle; to establish; as, to plant a colony.-to introduce and establish the principles or seeds of; as, to plant christianity among the heathen.-to set firmly; to fix; to set and direct, or point; as, to plant cannon against a fort; to plant a standard in any place; to plant one's feet on solid ground; to plant one's fist in another's face.-to set up; to install; to instate.-to perform the act of planting.
plant-cane: a stalk or shoot of sugar cane of the first growth from the cutting. the growth of the second and following years is of inferior quality, and is called rattoon.
plant-eating: eating, or subsisting on, plants; as, a plant-eating beetle.
plantage: a word used once by shakespeare to designate plants in general, or anything that is planted.
plantain: a treelike perennial herb (musa paradisiaca) of tropical regions, bearing immense leaves and large clusters of the fruits called plantains. see musa.-the fruit of this plant. it is long and somewhat cylindrical, slightly curved, and, when ripe, soft, fleshy, and covered with a thick but tender yellowish skin. the plantain is a staple article of food in most tropical countries, especially when cooked.-any plant of the genus plantago, but especially the p. major, a low herb with broad spreading radical leaves, and slender spikes of minute flowers. it is a native of europe, but now found near the abode of civilized man in nearly all parts of the world.
plantar: of or pertaining to the sole of the foot; as, the plantar arteries.
plantation: the act or practice of planting, or setting in the earth for growth.-the place planted; land brought under cultivation; a piece of ground planted with trees or useful plants; esp., in the united states and west indies, a large estate appropriated to the production of the more important crops, and cultivated by laborers who live on the estate; as, a cotton plantation; a coffee plantation.-an original settlement in a new country; a colony.
planted: of plant-fixed in place, as a projecting member wrought on a separate piece of stuff; as, a planted molding.
planter: one who, or that which, plants or sows; as, a planterof corn; a machine planter.-one who owns or cultivates a plantation; as, a sugar planter; a coffee planter.-a colonist in a new or uncultivated territory; as, the first planters in virginia.
plantership: the occupation or position of a planter, or the management of a plantation, as in the united states or the west indies.
plantigrada: a subdivision of carnivora having plantigrade feet. it includes the bears, raccoons, and allied species.
plantigrade: walking on the sole of the foot; pertaining to the plantigrades.-having the foot so formed that the heel touches the ground when the leg is upright.-a plantigrade animal, or one that walks or steps on the sole of the foot, as man, and the bears.
planting: of plant-the act or operation of setting in the ground for propagation, as seeds, trees, shrubs, etc.; the forming of plantations, as of trees; the carrying on of plantations, as of sugar, coffee, etc.-that which is planted; a plantation.-the laying of the first courses of stone in a foundation.
planula: in embryonic development, a vesicle filled with fluid, formed from the morula by the divergence of its cells in such a manner as to give rise to a central space, around which the cells arrange themselves as an envelope; an embryonic form intermediate between the morula and gastrula. sometimes used as synonymous with gastrula.-the very young, free-swimming larva of the coelenterates. it usually has a flattened oval or oblong form, and is entirely covered with cilia.
planxty: an irish or welsh melody for the harp, sometimes of a mournful character.
plaque: any flat, thin piece of metal, clay, ivory, or the like, used for ornament, or for painting pictures upon, as a slab, plate, dish, or the like, hung upon a wall; also, a smaller decoration worn on the person, as a brooch.
plash: a small pool of standing water; a puddle.-a dash of water; a splash.-to dabble in water; to splash.-to splash, as water.-to splash or sprinkle with coloring matter; as, to plash a wall in imitation of granite.-to cut partly, or to bend and intertwine the branches of; as, to plash a hedge.-the branch of a tree partly cut or bent, and bound to, or intertwined with, other branches.
plashing: of plash-of plash-the cutting or bending and intertwining the branches of small trees, as in hedges.-the dashing or sprinkling of coloring matter on the walls of buildings, to imitate granite, etc.
plashoot: a hedge or fence formed of branches of trees interlaced, or plashed.
plashy: watery; abounding with puddles; splashy.-specked, as if plashed with color.
plasm: a mold or matrix in which anything is cast or formed to a particular shape.-same as plasma.
plasma: a variety of quartz, of a color between grass green and leek green, which is found associated with common chalcedony. it was much esteemed by the ancients for making engraved ornaments.-the viscous material of an animal or vegetable cell, out of which the various tissues are formed by a process of differentiation; protoplasm.-unorganized material; elementary matter.-a mixture of starch and glycerin, used as a substitute for ointments.
plasmatical: forming; shaping; molding.-of or pertaining to plasma; having the character of plasma; containing, or conveying, plasma.
plasmid: a piece of dna, usually circular, functioning as part of the genetic material of a cell, not integrated with the chromosome and replicating independently of the chromosome, but transferred, like the chromosome, to subsequent generations.  in bacteria, plasmids often carry the genes for antibiotic resistance; they are exploited in genetic engineering as the vehicles for introduction of extraneous dna into cells, to alter the genetic makeup of the cell.  the cells thus altered may produce desirable proteins which are extracted and used; in the case of genetically altered plant cells, the altered cells may grow into complete plants with changed properties, as for example, increased resistance to disease.
plasmin: a proteid body, separated by some physiologists from blood plasma. it is probably identical with fibrinogen.
plasmodial: of or pertaining to, or like, a plasmodium; as, the plasmodial form of a life cycle.
plasmodium: a jellylike mass of free protoplasm, without any union of amoeboid cells, and endowed with life and power of motion.-a naked mobile mass of protoplasm, formed by the union of several amoebalike young, and constituting one of the stages in the life cycle of mycetozoa and other low organisms.
plasmogen: the important living portion of protoplasm, considered a chemical substance of the highest elaboration.  germ plasm and idioplasm are forms of plasmogen.
plaster: an external application of a consistency harder than ointment, prepared for use by spreading it on linen, leather, silk, or other material. it is adhesive at the ordinary temperature of the body, and is used, according to its composition, to produce a medicinal effect, to bind parts together, etc.; as, a porous plaster; sticking plaster.-a composition of lime, water, and sand, with or without hair as a bond, for coating walls, ceilings, and partitions of houses. see mortar.-calcined gypsum, or plaster of paris, especially when ground, as used for making ornaments, figures, moldings, etc.; or calcined gypsum used as a fertilizer.-to cover with a plaster, as a wound or sore.-to overlay or cover with plaster, as the ceilings and walls of a house.-fig.: to smooth over; to cover or conceal the defects of; to hide, as with a covering of plaster.
plastering: of plaster-same as plaster, n., 2.-the act or process of overlaying with plaster.-a covering of plaster; plasterwork.
plasterwork: plastering used to finish architectural constructions, exterior or interior, especially that used for the lining of rooms. ordinarly, mortar is used for the greater part of the work, and pure plaster of paris for the moldings and ornaments.
plastic: having the power to give form or fashion to a mass of matter; as, the plastic hand of the creator.-capable of being molded, formed, or modeled, as clay or plaster; -- used also figuratively; as, the plastic mind of a child.-pertaining or appropriate to, or characteristic of, molding or modeling; produced by, or appearing as if produced by, molding or modeling; -- said of sculpture and the kindred arts, in distinction from painting and the graphic arts.
plastide: a formative particle of albuminous matter; a monad; a cytode. see the note under morphon.-one of the many minute granules found in the protoplasm of vegetable cells. they are divided by their colors into three classes, chloroplastids, chromoplastids, and leucoplastids.
plastin: a substance associated with nuclein in cell nuclei, and by some considered as the fundamental substance of the nucleus.
plastography: the art of forming figures in any plastic material.-imitation of handwriting; forgery.
plastron: a piece of leather stuffed or padded, worn by fencers to protect the breast.-an iron breastplate, worn under the hauberk.-the ventral shield or shell of tortoises and turtles. see testudinata.-a trimming for the front of a woman's dress, made of a different material, and narrowing from the shoulders to the waist.
plat: to form by interlaying interweaving; to braid; to plait.-work done by platting or braiding; a plait.-a small piece or plot of ground laid out with some design, or for a special use; usually, a portion of flat, even ground.-to lay out in plats or plots, as ground.-plain; flat; level.-plainly; flatly; downright.-flatly; smoothly; evenly.-the flat or broad side of a sword.-a plot; a plan; a design; a diagram; a map; a chart.
platband: a border of flowers in a garden, along a wall or a parterre; hence, a border.-a flat molding, or group of moldings, the width of which much exceeds its projection, as the face of an architrave.-a list or fillet between the flutings of a column.