AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-english-full-a-to-z huggingface dataset:
jacobin: a dominican friar; -- so named because, before the french revolution, that order had a convent in the rue st. jacques, paris.-one of a society of violent agitators in france, during the revolution of 1789, who held secret meetings in the jacobin convent in the rue st. jacques, paris, and concerted measures to control the proceedings of the national assembly. hence: a plotter against an existing government; a turbulent demagogue.-a fancy pigeon, in which the feathers of the neck form a hood, -- whence the name. the wings and tail are long, and the beak moderately short.-same as jacobinic.
jacobinical: of or pertaining to the jacobins of france; revolutionary; of the nature of, or characterized by, jacobinism.
jacobinism: the  principles of the jacobins; violent and factious opposition to legitimate government.
jacobite: a partisan or adherent of james the second, after his abdication, or of his descendants, an opposer of the revolution in 1688 in favor of william and mary.-one of the sect of syrian monophysites. the sect is named after jacob baradaeus, its leader in the  sixth century.-of or pertaining to the jacobites.
jacobus: an english gold coin, of the value of twenty-five shillings sterling, struck in the reign of james i.
jaconet: a thin cotton fabric, between and muslin, used for dresses, neckcloths, etc.
jacquard: pertaining to, or invented by, jacquard, a french mechanician, who died in 1834.
jacqueminot: a half-hardy, deep crimson  rose of the remontant class; -- so named after general jacqueminot, of france.
jacquerie: the name given to a revolt of french peasants against the nobles in 1358, the leader assuming the contemptuous title, jacques bonhomme, given by the nobles to the peasantry. hence, any revolt of peasants.
jactation: a throwing or tossing of the body; a shaking or agitation.
jactitation: vain boasting or assertions repeated to the prejudice of another's right; false claim.-a frequent tossing or moving of the body; restlessness, as in delirium.
jaculatory: darting or throwing out suddenly; also, suddenly thrown out; uttered in short sentences; ejaculatory; as, jaculatory prayers.
jade: a stone, commonly of a pale to dark green color but sometimes whitish. it is very hard and compact, capable of fine polish, and is used for ornamental purposes and for implements, esp. in eastern countries and among many early peoples.-a mean or tired horse; a worthless nag.-a disreputable or vicious woman; a wench; a quean; also, sometimes, a worthless man.-a young woman; -- generally so called in irony or slight contempt.-to treat like a jade; to spurn.-to make ridiculous and contemptible.-to exhaust by overdriving or long-continued labor of any kind; to tire or wear out by severe or tedious tasks; to harass.-to become weary; to lose spirit.
jadish: vicious; ill-tempered; resembling a jade; -- applied to a horse.-unchaste; -- applied to a woman.
jag: a notch; a cleft; a barb; a ragged or sharp protuberance; a denticulation.-a part broken off; a fragment.-a cleft or division.-to cut into notches or teeth like those of a saw; to notch.-a small load, as of hay or grain in the straw, or of ore.-to carry, as a load; as, to jag hay, etc.
jager: a sharpshooter. see yager.-any species of gull of the genus stercorarius. three species occur on the atlantic coast. the jagers pursue other species of gulls and force them to disgorge their prey. the two middle tail feathers are usually decidedly longer than the rest. called also boatswain, and marline-spike bird. the name is also applied to the skua, or arctic gull (megalestris skua).
jagged: of jag-having jags; having rough, sharp notches, protuberances, or teeth; cleft; laciniate; divided; as, jagged rocks.
jagger: one who carries about a small load; a peddler. see 2d jag.-one who, or that which, jags; specifically: (a) jagging iron used for crimping pies, cakes, etc. (b) a toothed chisel. see jag, v. t.
jaggery: raw palm sugar, made in the east indies by evaporating the fresh juice of several kinds of palm trees, but specifically that of the palmyra (borassus flabelliformis).
jaggy: having jags; set with teeth; notched; uneven; as, jaggy teeth.
jaghir: a village or district the government and revenues of which are assigned to some person, usually in consideration of some service to be rendered, esp. the maintenance of troops.
jagua palm: a great brazilian palm (maximiliana regia), having immense spathes which are used for baskets and tubs.
jaguar: a large and powerful feline animal (felis onca), ranging from texas and mexico to patagonia. it is usually brownish yellow, with large, dark, somewhat angular rings, each generally inclosing one or two dark spots. it is chiefly arboreal in its habits. called also the american tiger.
jaguarondi: a south american wild cat (felis jaguarondi), having a long, slim body and very short legs. its color is grayish brown, varied with a blackish hue. it is arboreal in its habits and feeds mostly on birds.
jail: a kind of prison; a building for the confinement of persons held in lawful  custody, especially for minor offenses or with reference to some future judicial proceeding.-to imprison.
jaina: one of a numerous sect in british india, holding the tenets of jainism.
jainism: the heterodox hindoo religion, of which the most striking features are the exaltation of saints or holy mortals, called jins, above the ordinary hindoo gods, and the denial of the divine origin and infallibility of the vedas. it is intermediate between brahmanism and buddhism, having some things in common with each.
jakie: a south american striped frog (pseudis paradoxa), remarkable for having a tadpole larger than the adult, and hence called also paradoxical frog.
jako: an african parrot (psittacus erithacus), very commonly kept as a cage bird; -- called also gray parrot.
jalap: the tubers of the mexican plant ipomoea purga (or exogonium purga), a climber much like the morning-glory. the abstract, extract, and powder, prepared from the tubers, are well known purgative medicines. other species of ipomoea yield several inferior kinds of jalap, as the i. orizabensis, and i. tuberosa.
jalapin: a glucoside found in the stems of the jalap plant and scammony. it is a strong purgative.
jam: a kind of frock for children.-see jamb.-to press into a close or tight position; to crowd; to squeeze; to wedge in.-to crush or bruise; as, to jam a finger in the crack of a door.-to bring (a vessel) so close to the wind that half her upper sails are laid aback.-a mass of people or objects crowded together; also, the pressure from a crowd; a crush; as, a jam in a street; a jam of logs in a river.-an injury caused by jamming.-a preserve of fruit boiled with sugar and water; as, raspberry jam; currant jam; grape jam.
jamaicine: an alkaloid said to be contained in the bark of geoffroya inermis, a leguminous tree growing in jamaica and surinam; -- called also jamacina.
jamb: the vertical side of any opening, as a door or fireplace; hence, less properly, any narrow vertical surface of wall, as the of a chimney-breast or of a pier, as distinguished from its face.-any thick mass of rock which prevents miners from following the lode or vein.-see jam, v. t.
jambolana: a myrtaceous tree of the west indies and tropical america (calyptranthes jambolana), with astringent bark, used for dyeing. it bears an edible fruit.
james's powder: antimonial powder, first prepared by dr. james, ar english physician; -- called also fever powder.
jamesonite: a steel-gray mineral, of metallic luster, commonly fibrous massive. it is a sulphide of antimony and lead, with a little iron.
jamestown weed: the poisonous thorn apple or stramonium (datura stramonium), a rank weed early noticed at jamestown, virginia. see datura.
jane: a coin of genoa; any small coin.-a kind of twilled cotton cloth. see jean.
jane-of-apes: a silly, pert girl; -- corresponding to jackanapes.
jangle: to sound harshly or discordantly, as bells out of tune.-to talk idly; to prate; to babble; to chatter; to gossip.-to quarrel in words; to altercate; to wrangle.-to cause to sound harshly or inharmoniously; to produce discordant sounds with.-idle talk; prate; chatter; babble.-discordant sound; wrangling.
jangler: an idle talker; a babbler; a prater.-a wrangling, noisy fellow.
jangling: of jangle-producing discordant sounds.-idle babbling; vain disputation.-wrangling; altercation.
janitor: a door-keeper; a porter; one who has the care of a public building, or a building occupied for offices, suites of rooms, etc.
janizary: a soldier of a privileged military class, which formed the nucleus of the turkish infantry, but was suppressed in 1826.
jansenist: a follower of cornelius jansen, a roman catholic bishop of ypres, in flanders, in the 17th century, who taught certain doctrines denying free will and the possibility of resisting divine grace.
jantu: a machine of great antiquity, used in bengal for raising water to irrigate land.
janus: a latin deity represented with two faces looking in opposite directions. numa is said to have dedicated to janus the covered passage at rome, near the forum, which is usually called the temple of janus. this passage was open in war and closed in peace.
japan: work varnished and figured in the japanese manner; also, the varnish or lacquer used in japanning.-of or pertaining to japan, or to the lacquered work of that country; as, japan ware.-to cover with a coat of hard, brilliant varnish, in the manner of the japanese; to lacquer.-to give a glossy black to, as shoes.
japanese: of or pertaining to japan, or its inhabitants.-a native or inhabitant of japan; collectively, the people of japan.-the language of the people of japan.
japanned: of japan-treated, or coated, with varnish in the japanese manner.
japanner: one who varnishes in the manner of the japanese, or one skilled in the art.-a bootblack.
japhetic: pertaining to, or derived from, japheth, one of the sons of noah; as, japhetic nations, the nations of europe and northern asia; japhetic languages.
japonica: a species of camellia (camellia japonica), a native of japan, bearing beautiful red or white flowers. many other genera have species of the same name.
jar: a turn. [only in phrase.]-a deep, broad-mouthed vessel of earthenware or glass, for holding fruit, preserves, etc., or for ornamental purposes; as, a jar of honey; a rose jar.-the measure of what is contained in a jar; as, a jar of oil; a jar of preserves.-to  give forth a rudely quivering or tremulous sound; to sound harshly or discordantly; as, the notes jarred on my ears.-to act in opposition or disagreement; to clash; to interfere; to quarrel; to dispute.-to cause a short, tremulous motion of, to cause to tremble, as by a sudden shock or blow; to shake; to shock; as, to jar the earth; to jar one's faith.-to tick; to beat; to mark or tell off.-a rattling, tremulous vibration or shock; a shake; a harsh sound; a discord; as, the jar of a train; the jar of harsh sounds.-clash of interest or opinions; collision; discord; debate; slight disagreement.-a regular vibration, as of a pendulum.-in deep well boring, a device resembling two long chain links, for connecting a percussion drill to the rod or rope which works it, so that the drill is driven down by impact and is jerked loose when jammed.
jararaca: a poisonous serpent of brazil (bothrops jararaca), about eighteen inches long, and of a dusky, brownish color, variegated with red and black spots.
jardiniere: an ornamental stand or receptacle for plants, flowers, etc., used as a piece of decorative furniture in room.
jargon: confused, unintelligible language; gibberish; hence, an artificial idiom or dialect; cant language; slang.-to utter jargon; to emit confused or unintelligible sounds; to talk unintelligibly, or in a harsh and noisy manner.-a variety of zircon. see zircon.
jargonist: one addicted to jargon; one who uses cant or slang.
jarl: a chief; an earl; in english history, one of the leaders in the danish and norse invasions.
jarosite: an ocher-yellow mineral occurring on minute rhombohedral crystals. it is a hydrous sulphate of iron and potash.
jarrah: the mahoganylike wood of the australian eucalyptus marginata. see eucalyptus.
jarring: shaking; disturbing; discordant.-a shaking; a tremulous motion; as, the jarring of a steamship, caused by its engines.-discord; a clashing of interests.
jasey: a wig; -- so called, perhaps, from being made of, or resembling, jersey yarn.
jasmine: a shrubby plant of the genus jasminum, bearing flowers of a peculiarly fragrant odor. the j. officinale, common in the south of europe, bears white flowers. the arabian jasmine is j. sambac, and, with j. angustifolia, comes from the east indies. the yellow false jasmine in the gelseminum sempervirens (see gelsemium). several other plants are called jasmine in the west indies, as species of calotropis and faramea.
jasper: an opaque, impure variety of quartz, of red, yellow, and other dull colors, breaking with a smooth surface. it admits of a high polish, and is used for vases, seals, snuff boxes, etc. when the colors are in stripes or bands, it is called striped /  banded jasper. the egyptian pebble is a brownish yellow jasper.
jasperated: mixed with jasper; containing particles of jasper; as, jasperated agate.
jaspideous: consisting of jasper, or containing jasper; jaspery; jasperlike.
jatrophic: of or pertaining to physic nuts, the seeds of plants of the genus jatropha.
jaundice: a morbid condition, characterized by yellowness of the eyes, skin, and urine, whiteness of the faeces, constipation, uneasiness in the region of the stomach, loss of appetite, and general languor and lassitude. it is caused usually by obstruction of the biliary passages and consequent damming up, in the liver, of the bile, which is then absorbed into the blood.-to affect with jaundice; to color by prejudice or envy; to prejudice.
jaundiced: affected with jaundice.-prejudiced; envious; as, a jaundiced judgment.
jaunt: to ramble here and there; to stroll; to make an excursion.-to ride on a jaunting car.-to jolt; to jounce.-a wearisome journey.-a short excursion for pleasure or refreshment; a ramble; a short journey.
jaunty: airy; showy; finical; hence, characterized by an affected or fantastical manner.
java: one of the islands of the malay archipelago belonging to the netherlands.-java coffee, a kind of coffee brought from java.
javanese: of or pertaining to java, or to the people of java.-a native or natives of java.
javelin: a sort of light spear, to be thrown or cast by thew hand; anciently, a weapon of war used by horsemen and foot soldiers; now used chiefly in hunting the wild boar and other fierce game.-to pierce with a javelin.
jaw: one of the bones, usually bearing teeth, which form the framework of the mouth.-hence, also, the bone itself with the teeth and covering.-in the plural, the mouth.-fig.: anything resembling the jaw of an animal in form or action; esp., pl., the mouth or way of entrance; as, the jaws of a pass; the jaws of darkness; the jaws of death.-a notch or opening.-a notched or forked part, adapted for holding an object in place; as, the jaw of a railway-car pedestal. see axle guard.-one of a pair of opposing parts which are movable towards or from each other, for grasping or crushing anything between them, as, the jaws of a vise, or the jaws of a stone-crushing machine.-the inner end of a boom or gaff, hollowed in a half circle so as to move freely on a mast.-impudent or abusive talk.-to scold; to clamor.-to assail or abuse by scolding.
jawed: of jaw-having jaws; -- chiefly in composition; as, lantern-jawed.
jay: any one of the numerous species of birds belonging to garrulus, cyanocitta, and allied genera. they are allied to the crows, but are smaller, more graceful in form, often handsomely colored, and usually have a crest.
jayhawker: a name given to a free-booting, unenlisted, armed man or guerrilla.
jazerant: a coat of defense made of small plates of metal sewed upon linen or the like; also, this kind of armor taken generally; as, a coat of jazerant.
jealous: zealous; solicitous; vigilant; anxiously watchful.-apprehensive; anxious; suspiciously watchful.-exacting exclusive devotion; intolerant of rivalry.-disposed to suspect rivalry in matters of interest and affection; apprehensive regarding the motives of possible rivals, or the fidelity of friends; distrustful; having morbid fear of rivalry in love or preference given to another; painfully suspicious of the faithfulness of husband, wife, or lover.
jealousy: the quality of being jealous; earnest concern or solicitude; painful apprehension of rivalship in cases nearly affecting one's happiness; painful suspicion of the faithfulness of husband, wife, or lover.
jeer: a gear; a tackle.-an assemblage or combination of tackles, for hoisting or lowering the lower yards of a ship.-to utter sarcastic or scoffing reflections; to speak with mockery or derision; to use taunting language; to scoff; as, to jeer at a speaker.-to treat with scoffs or derision; to address with jeers; to taunt; to flout; to mock at.-a railing remark or reflection; a scoff; a taunt; a biting jest; a flout; a jibe; mockery.
jeffersonia: an american herb with a pretty, white, solitary blossom, and deeply two-cleft leaves (jeffersonia diphylla); twinleaf.
jeffersonian: pertaining to, or characteristic of, thomas jefferson or his policy or political doctrines.
jeffersonite: a variety of pyroxene of olive-green color passing into brown. it contains zinc.
jehovah: a scripture name of the supreme being, by which he was revealed to the jews as their covenant god or sovereign of the theocracy; the "ineffable name" of the supreme being, which was not pronounced by the jews.
jehovist: one who maintains that the vowel points of the word jehovah, in hebrew, are the proper vowels of that word; -- opposed to adonist.-the writer of the passages of the old testament, especially those of the pentateuch, in which the supreme being is styled jehovah. see elohist.
jehovistic: relating to, or containing, jehovah, as a name of god; -- said of certain parts of the old testament, especially of the pentateuch, in which jehovah appears as the name of the deity. see elohistic.
jejune: lacking matter; empty; void of substance.-void of interest; barren; meager; dry; as, a jejune narrative.
jejunum: the middle division of the small intestine, between the duodenum and ileum; -- so called because usually found empty after death.
jelerang: a large, handsome squirrel (sciurus javensis), native of java and southern asia; -- called also java squirrel.
jelly: anything brought to a gelatinous condition; a viscous, translucent substance in a condition between liquid and solid; a stiffened solution of gelatin, gum, or the like.-the juice of fruits or meats boiled with sugar to an elastic consistence; as, currant jelly; calf's-foot jelly.-to become jelly; to come to the state or consistency of jelly.
jellyfish: any one of the acalephs, esp. one of the larger species, having a jellylike appearance. see medusa.
jemidar: the chief or leader of a hand or body of persons; esp., in the native army of india, an officer of a rank corresponding to that of lieutenant in the english army.
jemmy: spruce.-a short crowbar. see jimmy.-a baked sheep's head.
jeniquen: a mexican name for the sisal hemp (agave rigida, var. sisalana); also, its fiber.
jenkins: name of contempt for a flatterer of persons high in social or official life; as, the jenkins employed by a newspaper.
jenny: a familiar or pet form of the proper name jane.-a familiar name of the european wren.-a machine for spinning a number of threads at once, -- used in factories.
jentling: a fish of the genus leuciscus; the blue chub of the danube.
jeopard: to put in jeopardy; to expose to loss or injury; to imperil; to hazard.
jeopardy: exposure to death, loss, or injury; hazard; danger.-to jeopardize.
jerboa: any small jumping rodent of the genus dipus, esp. d. aegyptius, which is common in egypt and the adjacent countries. the jerboas have very long hind legs and a long tail.
jereed: a blunt javelin used by the people of the levant, especially in mock fights.
jeremiade: a tale of sorrow, disappointment, or complaint; a doleful story; a dolorous tirade; -- generally used satirically.
jerk: to cut into long slices or strips and dry in the sun; as, jerk beef. see charqui.-to beat; to strike.-to give a quick and suddenly arrested thrust, push, pull, or twist, to; to yerk; as, to jerk one with the elbow; to jerk a coat off.-to throw with a quick and suddenly arrested motion of the hand; as, to jerk a stone.-to make a sudden motion; to move with a start, or by starts.-to flout with contempt.-a short, sudden pull, thrust, push, twitch, jolt, shake, or similar motion.-a sudden start or spring.
jerker: a beater.-one who jerks or moves with a jerk.-a north american river chub (hybopsis biguttatus).
jerkin: a jacket or short coat; a close waistcoat.-a male gyrfalcon.
jerking: of jerk-the act of pulling, pushing, or throwing, with a jerk.
jerkinhead: the hipped part of a roof which is hipped only for a part of its height, leaving a truncated gable.
jerky: moving by jerks and starts; characterized by abrupt transitions; as, a jerky vehicle; a jerky style.
jerquing: the searching of a ship for unentered goods.-the searching of a ship for unentered goods.
jersey: the finest of wool separated from the rest; combed wool; also, fine yarn of wool.-a kind of knitted jacket; hence, in general, a closefitting jacket or upper garment made of an elastic fabric (as stockinet).-one of a breed of cattle in the island of jersey. jerseys are noted for the richness of their milk.
jerusalem: the chief city of palestine, intimately associated with the glory of the jewish nation, and the life and death of jesus christ.
jervine: a poisonous alkaloid resembling veratrine, and found with it in white hellebore (veratrum album); -- called also jervina.
jess: a short strap of leather or silk secured round the leg of a hawk, to which the leash or line, wrapped round the falconer's hand, was attached when used. see illust. of falcon.
jesse: any representation or suggestion of the genealogy of christ, in decorative art-a genealogical tree represented in stained glass.-a candlestick with many branches, each of which bears the name of some one of the descendants of jesse; -- called also  tree of jesse.
jest: a deed; an action; a gest.-a mask; a pageant; an interlude.-something done or said in order to amuse; a joke; a witticism; a jocose or sportive remark or phrase. see synonyms under jest, v. i.-the object of laughter or sport; a laughingstock.-to take part in a merrymaking; -- especially, to act in a mask or interlude.-to make merriment by words or actions; to joke; to make light of anything.
jester: a buffoon; a merry-andrew; a court fool.-a person addicted to jesting, or to indulgence in light and amusing talk.
jesting: of jest-sportive; not serious; fit for jests.-the act or practice of making jests; joking; pleasantry.
jesuit: one of a religious order founded by ignatius loyola, and approved in 1540, under the title of the society of jesus.-fig.: a crafty person; an intriguer.
jesuitess: one of an order of nuns established on the principles of the jesuits, but suppressed by pope urban in 1633.
jesuitical: of or pertaining to the jesuits, or to their principles and methods.-designing; cunning; deceitful; crafty; -- an opprobrious use of the word.
jesuitism: the principles and practices of the jesuits.-cunning; deceit; deceptive practices to effect a purpose; subtle argument; -- an opprobrious use of the  word.
jesuitocracy: government by jesuits; also, the whole body of jesuits in a country.
jesus: the savior; the name of the son of god as announced by the angel to his parents; the personal name of our lord, in distinction from christ, his official appellation.