AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-english-full-a-to-z huggingface dataset:
hyperbole: a figure of speech in which the expression is an evident exaggeration of the meaning intended to be conveyed, or by which things are represented as much greater or less, better or worse, than they really are; a statement exaggerated fancifully, through excitement, or for effect.
hyperbolical: belonging to the hyperbola; having the nature of the hyperbola.-relating to, containing, or of the nature of, hyperbole; exaggerating or diminishing beyond the fact; exceeding the truth; as, an hyperbolical expression.
hyperbolically: in the form of an hyperbola.-with exaggeration; in a manner to express more or less than the truth.
hyperbolize: to speak or write with exaggeration.-to state or represent hyperbolically.
hyperboloid: a surface of the second order, which is cut by certain planes in hyperbolas; also, the solid, bounded in part by such a surface.-having some property that belongs to an hyperboloid or hyperbola.
hyperborean: of or pertaining to the region beyond the north wind, or to its inhabitants.-northern; belonging to, or inhabiting, a region in very far north; most northern; hence, very cold; fright, as, a hyperborean coast or atmosphere.-one of the people who lived beyond the north wind, in a land of perpetual sunshine.-an inhabitant of the most northern regions.
hypercarbureted: having an excessive proportion of carbonic acid; -- said of bicarbonates or acid carbonates.
hypercatalectic: having a syllable or two beyond measure; as, a hypercatalectic verse.
hypercritic: one who is critical beyond measure or reason; a carping critic; a captious censor.-hypercritical.
hypercritical: over critical; unreasonably or unjustly critical; carping; captious.-excessively nice or exact.
hypercriticise: to criticise with unjust severity; to criticise captiously.
hypercriticism: excessive criticism, or unjust severity or rigor of criticism; zoilism.
hyperdulia: veneration or worship given to the virgin mary as the most exalted of mere creatures; higher veneration than dulia.
hypericum: a genus of plants, generally with dotted leaves and yellow flowers; -- called also st. john's-wort.
hyperinosis: a condition of the blood, characterized by an abnormally large amount of fibrin, as in many inflammatory diseases.
hyperion: the god of the sun; in the later mythology identified with apollo, and distinguished for his beauty.
hypermetamorphosis: a kind of metamorphosis, in certain insects, in which the larva itself undergoes remarkable changes of form and structure during its growth.
hypermeter: a verse which has a redundant syllable or foot; a hypercatalectic verse.-hence, anything exceeding the ordinary standard.
hypermetropy: a condition of the eye in which, through shortness of the eyeball or fault of the refractive media, the rays of light come to a focus behind the retina; farsightedness; -- called also hyperopia.  cf. emmetropia.
hypernoea: abnormal breathing, due to slightly deficient arterialization of the blood; -- in distinction from eupnoea. see eupnoea, and dispnoea.
hyperoartia: an order of marsipobranchs including the lampreys. the suckerlike moth contains numerous teeth; the nasal opening is in the middle of the head above, but it does not connect with the mouth. see cyclostoma, and lamprey.
hyperotreta: an order of marsipobranchs, including the myxine or hagfish and the genus bdellostoma. they have barbels around the mouth, one tooth on the plate, and a communication between the nasal aperture and the throat. see hagfish.
hyperoxygenized: combined with a relatively large amount of oxygen; -- said of higher oxides.
hyperoxymuriatic: perchloric; as, hyperoxymuriatic acid.
hyperplastic: of or pertaining to hyperplasia.-tending to excess of formative action.
hyperpyrexia: a condition of excessive fever; an elevation of temperature in a disease, in excess of the limit usually observed in that disease.
hypersecretion: morbid or excessive secretion, as in catarrh.
hypersthene: an orthorhombic mineral of the pyroxene group, of a grayish or greenish black color, often with a peculiar bronzelike luster (schiller) on the cleavage surface.
hypertrophical: of or pertaining to hypertrophy; affected with, or tending to, hypertrophy.
hypertrophy: a condition of overgrowth or excessive development of an organ or part; -- the opposite of atrophy.
hypethral: exposed to the air; wanting a roof; -- applied to a building or part of a building.
hyphae: the long, branching filaments of which the mycelium (and the greater part of the plant) of a fungus is formed.  they are also found enveloping the gonidia of lichens, making up a large part of their structure.
hyphen: a mark or short dash, thus [-], placed at the end of a line which terminates with a syllable of a word, the remainder of which is carried to the next line; or between the parts of many a compound word; as in fine-leaved, clear-headed. it is also sometimes used to separate the syllables of words.-to connect with, or separate by, a hyphen, as two words or the parts of a word.
hyphenated: united by hyphens; hyphened; as, a hyphenated or hyphened word.
hyphomycetes: one of the great division of fungi, containing those species which have naked spores borne on free or only fasciculate threads.
hypidiomorphic: partly idiomorphic; -- said of rock a portion only of whose constituents have a distinct crystalline form.
hypnagogic: leading to sleep; -- applied to the illusions of one who is half asleep.
hypnocyst: a cyst in which some unicellular organisms temporarily inclose themselves, from which they emerge unchanged, after a period of drought or deficiency of food. in some instances, a process of spore formation seems to occur within such cysts.
hypnogenic: relating to the production of hypnotic sleep; as, the so-called hypnogenic pressure points, pressure upon which is said to cause an attack of hypnotic sleep.
hypnotic: having the quality of producing sleep; tending to produce sleep; soporific.-of or pertaining to hypnotism; in a state of hypnotism; liable to hypnotism; as, a hypnotic condition.-any agent that produces, or tends to produce, sleep; an opiate; a soporific; a narcotic.-a person who exhibits the phenomena of, or is subject to, hypnotism.
hypnotism: a form of sleep or somnambulism brought on by artificial means, in which there is an unusual suspension of some powers, and an unusual activity of others. it is induced by an action upon the nerves, through the medium of the senses, as in persons of very feeble organization, by gazing steadly at a very bright object held before the eyes, or by pressure upon certain points of the surface of the body.
hypnotize: to induce hypnotism in; to place in a state of hypnotism.
hypo: hypochondria.-sodium hyposulphite, or thiosulphate, a solution of which is used as a bath to wash out the unchanged silver salts in a picture.
hypo-: a prefix signifying a less quantity, or a low state or degree, of that denoted by the word with which it is joined, or position under or beneath.-a prefix denoting that the element to the name of which it is prefixed enters with a low valence, or in a low state of oxidization, usually the lowest, into the compounds indicated; as, hyposulphurous acid.
hypoarion: an oval lobe beneath each of the optic lobes in many fishes; one of the inferior lobes.
hypoblast: the inner or lower layer of the blastoderm; -- called also endoderm, entoderm, and sometimes hypoderm. see illust. of blastoderm, delamination, and ectoderm.
hypoblastic: relating to, or connected with, the hypoblast; as, the hypoic sac.
hypobole: a figure in which several things are mentioned that seem to make against the argument, or in favor of the opposite side, each of them being refuted in order.
hypobranchial: pertaining to the segment between the basibranchial and the ceratobranchial in a branchial arch.-a hypobranchial bone or cartilage.
hypocarpium: a fleshy enlargement of the receptacle, or for the stem, below the proper fruit, as in the cashew. see illust. of cashew.
hypocaust: a furnace, esp. one connected with a series of small chambers and flues of tiles or other masonry through which the heat of a fire was distributed to rooms above. this contrivance, first used in bath, was afterwards adopted in private houses.
hypochlorite: a salt of hypochlorous acid; as, a calcium hypochloride.
hypochlorous: pertaining to, or derived from, chlorine having a valence lower than in chlorous compounds.
hypochondriac: of or pertaining to hypochondria, or the hypochondriac regions.-affected, characterized, or produced, by hypochondriasis.-a person affected with hypochondriasis.
hypochondriasis: a mental disorder in which melancholy and gloomy views torment the affected person, particularly concerning his own health.
hypocist: an astringent inspissated juice obtained from the fruit of a plant (cytinus hypocistis), growing from the roots of the cistus, a small european shrub.
hypocleidium: a median process on the furculum, or merrythought, of many birds, where it is connected with the sternum.
hypocoristic: endearing; diminutive; as, the hypocoristic form of a name.
hypocraterimorphous: salver-shaped; having a slender tube, expanding suddenly above into a bowl-shaped or spreading border, as in the blossom of the phlox and the lilac.
hypocrisy: the act or practice of a hypocrite; a feigning to be what one is not, or to feel what one does not feel; a dissimulation, or a concealment of one's real character, disposition, or motives; especially, the assuming of false appearance of virtue or religion; a simulation of goodness.
hypocrite: one who plays a part; especially, one who, for the purpose of winning approbation of favor, puts on a fair outside seeming; one who feigns to be other and better than he is; a false pretender to virtue or piety; one who simulates virtue or piety.
hypocritical: of or pertaining to a hypocrite, or to hypocrisy; as, a hypocriticalperson; a hypocritical look; a hypocritical action.
hypocrystalline: partly crystalline; -- said of rock which consists of crystals imbedded in a glassy ground mass.
hypocycloid: a curve traced by a point in the circumference of a circle which rolls on the concave side in the fixed circle.  cf. epicycloid, and trochoid.
hypoderma: a layer of tissue beneath the epidermis in plants, and performing the physiological function of strengthening the epidermal tissue. in phanerogamous plants it is developed as collenchyma.-an inner cellular layer which lies beneath the chitinous cuticle of arthropods, annelids, and some other invertebrates.
hypodermis: same as hypoblast.-same as hypoderma, 2.
hypodicrotous: exhibiting retarded dicrotism; as, a hypodicrotic pulse curve.
hypogaeic: pertaining to, or obtained from, the peanut, or earthnut (arachis hypogaea).
hypogastric: of or pertaining to the hypogastrium or the hypogastric region.
hypogene: formed or crystallized at depths the earth's surface; -- said of granite, gneiss, and other rocks, whose crystallization is believed of have taken place beneath a great thickness of overlying rocks. opposed to epigene.
hypogeum: the subterraneous portion of a building, as in amphitheaters, for the service of the games; also, subterranean galleries, as the catacombs.
hypoglossal: under the tongue; -- applied esp., in the higher vertebrates, to the twelfth or last pair of cranial nerves, which are distributed to the base of the tongue.-one of the hypoglossal nerves.
hypognatous: having the maxilla, or lower jaw, longer than the upper, as in the skimmer.
hypogynous: inserted below the pistil or pistils; -- said of sepals, petals, and stamens; having the sepals, petals, and stamens inserted below the pistil; -- said of a flower or a plant.
hypohyal: pertaining to one or more small elements in the hyoidean arch of fishes, between the caratohyal and urohyal.-one of the hypohyal bones or cartilages.
hyponastic: exhibiting a downward convexity caused by unequal growth.  cf. epinastic.
hyponitrous: containing or derived from nitrogen having a lower valence than in nitrous compounds.
hypopharynx: an appendage or fold on the lower side of the pharynx, in certain insects.
hypophosphoric: pertaining to, or derived from, or containing, phosphorus in a lower state of oxidation than in phosphoric compounds; as, hypophosphoric acid.
hypophosphorous: pertaining to, or containing, phosphorus in a lower state of oxidation than in phosphoric compounds; as, hypophosphorous acid.
hypophyllous: being or growing on the under side of a leaf, as the fruit dots of ferns.
hypoplastron: the third lateral plate in the plastron of turtles; -- called also hyposternum.
hypoptilum: an accessory plume arising from the posterior side of the stem of the contour feathers of many birds; -- called also aftershaft. see illust. of feather.
hyporadius: one of the barbs of the hypoptilum, or aftershaft of a feather. see feather.
hyposkeletal: beneath the endoskeleton; hypaxial; as, the hyposkeletal muscles; -- opposed to episkeletal.
hypospadias: a deformity of the penis, in which the urethra opens upon its under surface.
hypostasis: that which forms the basis of anything; underlying principle; a concept or mental entity conceived or treated as an existing being or thing.-substance; subsistence; essence; person; personality; -- used by the early theologians to denote any one of the three subdivisions of the godhead, the father, son, and holy spirit.-principle; an element; -- used by the alchemists in speaking of salt, sulphur, and mercury, which they considered as the three principles of all material bodies.-that which is deposited at the bottom of a fluid; sediment.
hypostasize: to make into a distinct substance; to conceive or treat as an existing being; to hypostatize.
hypostatical: relating to hypostasis, or substance; hence, constitutive, or elementary.-personal, or distinctly personal; relating to the divine hypostases, or substances.-depending upon, or due to, deposition or setting; as, hypostatic cognestion, cognestion due to setting of blood by gravitation.
hypostatize: to make into, or regarded as, a separate and distinct substance.-to attribute actual or personal existence to.
hypostrophe: the act of a patient turning himself.-a relapse, or return of a disease.
hypostyle: resting upon columns; constructed by means of columns; -- especially applied to the great hall at karnak.
hyposulphite: a salt of what was formerly called hyposulphurous acid; a thiosulphate.-a salt of hyposulphurous acid proper.
hyposulphuric: pertaining to, or containing, sulphur in a lower state of oxidation than in the sulphuric compounds; as, hyposulphuric acid.
hyposulphurous: pertaining to, or containing, sulphur, all, or a part, in a low state of oxidation.
hypotarsus: a process on the posterior side of the tarsometatarsus of many birds; the calcaneal process.
hypothec: a landlord's right, independently of stipulation, over the stocking (cattle, implements, etc.), and crops of his tenant, as security for payment of rent.
hypotheca: an obligation by which property of a debtor was made over to his creditor in security of his debt.
hypothecate: to subject, as property, to liability for a debt or engagement without delivery of possession or transfer of title; to pledge without delivery of possession; to mortgage, as ships, or other personal property; to make a contract by bottomry. see hypothecation, bottomry.
hypothecation: the act or contract by which property is hypothecated; a right which a creditor has in or to the property of his debtor, in virtue of which he may cause it to be sold and the price appropriated in payment of his debt. this is a right in the thing, or jus in re.-a contract whereby, in consideration of money advanced for the necessities of the ship, the vessel, freight, or cargo is made liable for its repayment, provided the ship arrives in safety. it is usually effected by a bottomry bond. see bottomry.
hypothecator: one who hypothecates or pledges anything as security for the repayment of money borrowed.
hypothenar: of or pertaining to the prominent part of the palm of the hand above the base of the little finger, or a corresponding part in the forefoot of an animal; as, the hypothenar eminence.-the hypothenar eminence.
hypothenuse: the side of a right-angled triangle that is opposite to the right angle.-same as hypotenuse.
hypothesis: a supposition; a proposition or principle which is supposed or taken for granted, in order to draw a conclusion or inference for proof of the point in question; something not proved, but assumed for the purpose of argument, or to account for a fact or an occurrence; as, the hypothesis that head winds detain an overdue steamer.-a tentative theory or supposition provisionally adopted to explain certain facts, and to guide in the investigation of others; hence, frequently called a working hypothesis.
hypothetical: characterized by, or of the nature of, an hypothesis; conditional; assumed without proof, for the purpose of reasoning and deducing proof, or of accounting for some fact or phenomenon.
hypotricha: a division of ciliated infusoria in which the cilia cover only the under side of the body.
hypotrochoid: a curve, traced by a point in the radius, or radius produced, of a circle which rolls upon the concave side of a fixed circle. see hypocycloid, epicycloid, and trochoid.
hypoxanthin: a crystalline, nitrogenous substance, closely related to xanthin and uric acid, widely distributed through the animal body, but especially in muscle tissue; -- called also sarcin, sarkin.
hypsometer: an instrument for measuring heights by observation of barometric pressure; esp., one for determining heights by ascertaining the boiling point of water. it consists of a vessel for water, with a lamp for heating it, and an inclosed thermometer for showing the temperature of ebullition.
hypsometry: that branch of the science of geodesy which has to do with the measurement of heights, either absolutely with reference to the sea level, or relatively.
hypural: under the tail; -- applied to the bones which support the caudal fin rays in most fishes.
hyracoid: of or pertaining to the hyracoidea.-one of the hyracoidea.
hyracoidea: an order of small hoofed mammals, comprising the single living genus hyrax.
hyrax: any animal of the genus hyrax, of which about four species are known. they constitute the order hyracoidea. the best known species are the daman (h. syriacus) of palestine, and the klipdas (h. capensis) of south africa. other species are h. arboreus and h. sylvestris, the former from southern, and the latter from western, africa. see daman.
hyrcan: of or pertaining to hyrcania, an ancient country or province of asia, southeast of the caspian (which was also called the hyrcanian) sea.
hyssop: a plant (hyssopus officinalis). the leaves have an aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste.
hysteresis: a lagging or retardation of the effect, when the forces acting upon a body are changed, as if from velocity or internal friction; a temporary resistance to change from a condition previously induced, observed in magnetism, thermoelectricity, etc., on reversal of polarity.
hysteria: a nervous affection, occurring almost exclusively in women, in which the emotional and reflex excitability is exaggerated, and the will power correspondingly diminished, so that the patient loses control over the emotions, becomes the victim of imaginary sensations, and often falls into paroxism or fits.
hysterical: of or pertaining to hysteria; affected, or troubled, with hysterics; convulsive, fitful.
hysteroepilepsy: a disease resembling hysteria in its nature, and characterized by the occurrence of epileptiform convulsions, which can often be controlled or excited by pressure on the ovaries, and upon other definite points in the body.
hysterogenic: producing hysteria; as, the hysterogenicpressure points on the surface of the body, pressure upon which is said both to produce and arrest an attack of hysteria.
hysterology: a figure by which the ordinary course of thought is inverted in expression, and the last put first; -- called also hysteron proteron.
hysteron proteron: a figure in which the natural order of sense is reversed; hysterology; as, valet atque vivit, "he is well and lives."-an inversion of logical order, in which the conclusion is put before the premises, or the thing proved before the evidence.
hysterophyte: a plant, like the fungus, which lives on dead or living organic matter.
hystricomorphous: like, or allied to, the porcupines; -- said of a group (hystricomorpha) of rodents.
i: i, the ninth letter of the english alphabet, takes its form from the phoenician, through the latin and the greek. the phoenician letter was probably of egyptian origin. its original value was nearly the same as that of the italian i, or long e as in mete. etymologically i is most closely related to e, y, j, g; as in dint, dent, beverage, l. bibere; e. kin, as. cynn; e. thin, as. /ynne; e. dominion, donjon, dungeon.-in our old authors, i was often used for ay (or aye), yes, which is pronounced nearly like it.-as a numeral, i stands for 1, ii for 2, etc.-the nominative case of the pronoun of the first person; the word with which a speaker or writer denotes himself.
i o u: a paper having on it these letters, with a sum named, and duly signed; -- in use in england as an acknowledgment of a debt, and taken as evidence thereof, but not amounting to a promissory note; a due bill.
iambic: consisting of a short syllable followed by a long one, or of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented; as, an iambic foot.-pertaining to, or composed of, iambics; as, an iambic verse; iambic meter. see lambus.-an iambic foot; an iambus.-a verse composed of iambic feet.-a satirical poem (such poems having been anciently written in iambic verse); a satire; a lampoon.
iambus: a foot consisting of a short syllable followed by a long one, as in /mans, or of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented one, as invent; an iambic. see the couplet under iambic, n.
ianthina: any gastropod of the genus ianthina, of which various species are found living in mid ocean; -- called also purple shell, and violet snail.
iatraliptic: treating diseases by anointing and friction; as, the iatraliptic method.
iatrochemical: of or pertaining to iatrochemistry, or to the iatrochemists.
iatrochemist: a physician who explained or treated diseases upon chemical principles; one who practiced iatrochemistry.
iatrochemistry: chemistry applied to, or used in, medicine; -- used especially with reference to the doctrines in the school of physicians in flanders, in the 17th century, who held that health depends upon the proper chemical relations of the fluids of the body, and who endeavored to explain the conditions of health or disease by chemical principles.
iatromathematical: of or pertaining to iatromathematicians or their doctrine.
iatromathematician: one of a school of physicians in italy, about the middle of the 17th century, who tried to apply the laws of mechanics and mathematics to the human body, and hence were eager student of anatomy; -- opposed to the iatrochemists.
ibex: one of several species of wild goats having very large, recurved horns, transversely ridged in front; -- called also steinbok.
ibis: any bird of the genus ibis and several allied genera, of the family ibidae, inhabiting both the old world and the new. numerous species are known. they are large, wading birds, having a long, curved beak, and feed largely on reptiles.
ical: relating to the patriarch abraham.-of or pertaining to the brahmans or to their doctrines and worship.
ice: water or other fluid frozen or reduced to the solid state by cold; frozen water. it is a white or transparent colorless substance, crystalline, brittle, and viscoidal. its specific gravity (0.92, that of water at 4¡ c. being 1.0) being less than that of water, ice floats.-concreted sugar.-water, cream, custard, etc., sweetened, flavored, and artificially frozen.-any substance having the appearance of ice; as, camphor ice.-to cover with ice; to convert into ice, or into something resembling ice.-to cover with icing, or frosting made of sugar and milk or white of egg; to frost, as cakes, tarts, etc.-to chill or cool, as with ice; to freeze.