AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-english-full-a-to-z huggingface dataset:
hydrate: a compound formed by the union of water with some other substance, generally forming a neutral body, as certain crystallized salts.-a substance which does not contain water as such, but has its constituents (hydrogen, oxygen, hydroxyl) so arranged that water may be eliminated; hence, a derivative of, or compound with, hydroxyl; hydroxide; as, ethyl hydrate, or common alcohol; calcium hydrate, or slaked lime.-to form into a hydrate; to combine with water.
hydraulic: of or pertaining to hydraulics, or to fluids in motion; conveying, or acting by, water; as, an hydraulic clock, crane, or dock.
hydraulics: that branch of science, or of engineering, which treats of fluids in motion, especially of water, its action in rivers and canals, the works and machinery for conducting or raising it, its use as a prime mover, and the like.
hydrazine: any one of a series of nitrogenous bases, resembling the amines and produced by the reduction of certain nitroso and diazo compounds; as, methyl hydrazine, phenyl hydrazine, etc.  they are derivatives of hydrazine proper, h2n.nh2, which is a doubled amido group, recently (1887) isolated as a stable, colorless gas, with a peculiar, irritating odor. as a base it forms distinct salts. called also diamide, amidogen, (or more properly diamidogen), etc.
hydria: a water jar; esp., one with a large rounded body, a small neck, and three handles. some of the most beautiful greek vases are of this form.
hydriodic: pertaining to, or derived from, hydrogen and iodine; -- said of an acid produced by the combination of these elements.
hydriodide: a compound of hydriodic acid with a base; -- distinguished from an iodide, in which only the iodine combines with the base.
hydro-electric: pertaining to, employed in, or produced by, the evolution of electricity by means of a battery in which water or steam is used.
hydro-extractor: an apparatus for drying anything, as yarn, cloth, sugar, etc., by centrifugal force; a centrifugal.
hydrobilirubin: a body formed from bilirubin, identical with urobilin.
hydrobranchiata: an extensive artificial division of gastropod mollusks, including those that breathe by gills, as contrasted with the pulmonifera.
hydrobromide: a compound of hydrobromic acid with a base; -- distinguished from a bromide, in which only the bromine unites with the base.
hydrocarbon: a compound containing only hydrogen and carbon, as methane, benzene, etc.; also, by extension, any of their derivatives.
hydrocarbonate: a hydrocarbon.-a hydrous carbonate, as malachite.
hydrocarbostyril: a white, crystalline, nitrogenous hydrocarbon, c9h9no, obtained from certain derivatives of cinnamic acid and closely related to quinoline and carbostyril.
hydrocaulus: the hollow stem of a hydroid, either simple or branched. see illust. of gymnoblastea and hydroidea.
hydrocele: a collection of serous fluid in the areolar texture of the scrotum or in the coverings, especially in the serous sac, investing the testicle or the spermatic cord; dropsy of the testicle.
hydrocephalic: relating to, or connected with, hydrocephalus, or dropsy of the brain.
hydrocephalus: an accumulation of liquid within the cavity of the cranium, especially within the ventricles of the brain; dropsy of the brain. it is due usually to tubercular meningitis. when it occurs in infancy, it often enlarges the head enormously.
hydrochloric: pertaining to, or compounded of, chlorine and hydrogen gas; as, hydrochloric acid; chlorhydric.
hydrochloride: a compound of hydrochloric acid with a base; -- distinguished from a chloride, where only chlorine unites with the base.
hydrocorallia: a division of hydroidea, including those genera that secrete a stony coral, as millepora and stylaster. two forms of zooids in life project from small pores in the coral and resemble those of other hydroids. see millepora.
hydrocyanic: pertaining to, or derived from the combination of, hydrogen and cyanogen.
hydrocyanide: a compound of hydrocyanic acid with a base; -- distinguished from a cyanide, in which only the cyanogen so combines.
hydrodynamical: pertaining to, or derived from, the dynamical action of water of a liquid; of or pertaining to water power.
hydrodynamics: that branch of the science of mechanics which relates to fluids, or, as usually limited, which treats of the laws of motion and action of nonelastic fluids, whether as investigated mathematically, or by observation and experiment; the principles of dynamics, as applied to water and other fluids.
hydrodynamometer: an instrument to measure the velocity of a liquid current by the force of its impact.
hydroferricyanic: pertaining to, or containing, or obtained from, hydrogen, ferric iron, and cyanogen; as, hydroferricyanic acid. see ferricyanic.
hydroferrocyanic: pertaining to, or containing, or obtained from, hydrogen, ferrous iron, and cyanogen; as, hydroferrocyanic acid. see ferrocyanic.
hydrofluate: a supposed compound of hydrofluoris acid and a base; a fluoride.
hydrofluoric: pertaining to, or containing, hydrogen and fluorine; fluohydric; as, hydrofluoric acid.
hydrofluosilicate: a salt of hydrofluosilic acid; a silicofluoride. see silicofluoride.
hydrofluosilicic: pertaining to, or denoting, a compound consisting of a double fluoride of hydrogen and silicon; silicofluoric. see silicofluoric.
hydrogalvanic: pertaining to, produced by, or consisting of, electricity evolved by the action or use of fluids; as, hydrogalvanic currents.
hydrogen: a gaseous element, colorless, tasteless, and odorless, the lightest known substance, being fourteen and a half times lighter than air (hence its use in filling balloons), and over eleven thousand times lighter than water. it is very abundant, being an ingredient of water and of many other substances, especially those of animal or vegetable origin. it may by produced in many ways, but is chiefly obtained by the action of acids (as sulphuric) on metals, as zinc, iron, etc. it is very inflammable, and is an ingredient of coal gas and water gas. it is standard of chemical equivalents or combining weights, and also of valence, being the typical monad. symbol h. atomic weight 1.
hydrogenide: a binary compound containing hydrogen; a hydride. [r.] see hydride.
hydrogenize: to combine with hydrogen; to treat with, or subject to the action of, hydrogen; to reduce; -- contrasted with oxidize.
hydrognosy: a treatise upon, or a history and description of, the water of the earth.
hydrographer: one skilled in the hydrography; one who surveys, or draws maps or charts of, the sea, lakes, or other waters, with the adjacent shores; one who describes the sea or other waters.
hydrography: the art of measuring and describing the sea, lakes, rivers, and other waters, with their phenomena.-that branch of surveying which embraces the determination of the contour of the bottom of a harbor or other sheet of water, the depth of soundings, the position of channels and shoals, with the construction of charts exhibiting these particulars.
hydroid: related to, or resembling, the hydra; of or pertaining to the hydroidea.-one of the hydroideas.
hydrokinetic: of or pertaining to the motions of fluids, or the forces which produce or affect such motions; -- opposed to hydrostatic.
hydrology: the science of water, its properties, phenomena, and distribution over the earth's surface.
hydromagnesite: a hydrous carbonate of magnesia occurring in white, early, amorphous masses.
hydromechanics: that branch of physics which treats of the mechanics of liquids, or of their laws of equilibrium and of motion.
hydromedusa: any medusa or jellyfish which is produced by budding from a hydroid. they are called also craspedota, and naked-eyed medusae.
hydromel: a liquor consisting of honey diluted in water, and after fermentation called mead.
hydrometallurgical: of or pertaining to hydrometallurgy; involving the use of liquid reagents in the treatment or reduction of ores.
hydrometallurgy: the art or process of assaying or reducing ores by means of liquid reagents.
hydrometeor: a meteor or atmospheric phenomenon dependent upon the vapor of water; -- in the pl., a general term for the whole aqueous phenomena of the atmosphere, as rain, snow, hail, etc.
hydrometeorological: of or pertaining to hydrometeorology, or to rain, clouds, storms, etc.
hydrometeorology: that branch of meteorology which relates to, or treats of, water in the atmosphere, or its phenomena, as rain, clouds, snow, hail, storms, etc.
hydrometer: an instrument for determining the specific gravities of liquids, and thence the strength spirituous liquors, saline solutions, etc.-an instrument, variously constructed, used for measuring the velocity or discharge of water, as in rivers, from reservoirs, etc., and called by various specific names according to its construction or use, as tachometer, rheometer, hydrometer, pendulum, etc.; a current gauge.
hydrometrical: of or pertaining to an hydrometer, or to the determination of the specific gravity of fluids.-of or pertaining to measurement of the velocity, discharge, etc., of running water.-made by means of an hydrometer; as, hydrometric observations.
hydrometrograph: an instrument for determining and recording the quantity of water discharged from a pipe, orifice, etc., in a given time.
hydrometry: the art of determining the specific gravity of liquids, and thence the strength of spirituous liquors, saline solutions, etc.-the art or operation of measuring the velocity or discharge of running water, as in rivers, etc.
hydromica: a variety of potash mica containing water. it is less elastic than ordinary muscovite.
hydronephrosis: an accumulation of urine in the pelvis of the kidney, occasioned by obstruction in the urinary passages.
hydropathy: the water cure; a mode of treating diseases by the copious and frequent use of pure water, both internally and externally.
hydrophane: a semitranslucent variety of opal that becomes translucent or transparent on immersion in water.
hydrophid: any sea snake of the genus hydrophys and allied genera. these snakes are venomous, live upon fishes, and have a flattened tail for swimming.
hydrophlorone: a white, crystalline benzene derivative, c8h10o2, obtained by the reduction of phlorone.
hydrophobia: an abnormal dread of water, said to be a symptom of canine madness; hence:-the disease caused by a bite form, or inoculation with the saliva of, a rabid creature, of which the chief symptoms are, a sense of dryness and construction in the throat, causing difficulty in deglutition, and a marked heightening of reflex excitability, producing convulsions whenever the patient attempts to swallow, or is disturbed in any way, as by the sight or sound of water; rabies; canine madness.
hydrophobic: of or pertaining to hydrophobia; producing or caused by rabies; as, hydrophobic symptoms; the hydrophobic poison.
hydrophore: an instrument used for the purpose of obtaining specimens of water from any desired depth, as in a river, a lake, or the ocean.
hydrophyllium: one of the flat, leaflike, protective zooids, covering other zooids of certain siphonophora.
hydropiper: a species (polygonum hydropiper) of knotweed with acrid foliage; water pepper; smartweed.
hydropneumatic: pertaining to, or depending upon, both liquid and gaseous substances; as, hydropneumatic apparatus for collecting gases over water or other liquids.
hydropult: a machine for throwing water by hand power, as a garden engine, a fire extinguisher, etc.
hydroquinone: a white crystalline substance, c6h4(oh)2, obtained by the reduction of quinone. it is a diacid phenol, resembling, and metameric with, pyrocatechin and resorcin. called also dihydroxy benzene.
hydrorhiza: the rootstock or decumbent stem by which a hydroid is attached to other objects. see illust. under hydroidea.
hydrosalt: a salt supposed to be formed by a hydracid and a base.-an acid salt.-a hydrous salt; a salt combined with water of hydration or crystallization.
hydroscope: an instrument designed to mark the presence of water, especially in air.-a kind of water clock, used anciently for measuring time, the water tricking from an orifice at the end of a graduated tube.
hydrosoma: all the zooids of a hydroid colony collectively, including the nutritive and reproductive zooids, and often other kinds.
hydrosorbic: pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from sorbic acid when this takes up hydrogen; as, hydrosorbic acid.
hydrostatical: of or relating to hydrostatics; pertaining to, or in accordance with, the principles of the equilibrium of fluids.
hydrostatics: the branch of science which relates to the pressure and equilibrium of nonelastic fluids, as water, mercury, etc.; the principles of statics applied to water and other liquids.
hydrosulphide: one of a series of compounds, derived from hydrogen sulphide by the replacement of half its hydrogen by a base or basic radical; as, potassium hydrosulphide, ksh. the hydrosulphides are analogous to the hydrates and include the mercaptans.
hydrosulphite: a saline compound of hydrosulphurous acid and a base.
hydrosulphuric: pertaining to, or derived from, hydrogen and sulphur; as, hydrosulphuric acid, a designation applied to the solution of hydrogen sulphide in water.
hydrosulphurous: pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the reduction of sulphurous acid. see hyposulphurous acid, under hyposulphurous.
hydrotellurate: a salt formed by the union of hydrotelluric acid and the base.
hydrotelluric: formed by hydrogen and tellurium; as, hydrotelluric acid, or hydrogen telluride.
hydrotheca: one of the calicles which, in some hydroidea (thecaphora), protect the hydrants. see illust. of hydroidea, and campanularian.
hydrothermal: of or pertaining to hot water; -- used esp. with reference to the action of heated waters in dissolving, redepositing, and otherwise producing mineral changes within the crust of the globe.
hydrotrope: a device for raising water by the direct action of steam; a pulsometer.
hydroxide: a hydrate; a substance containing hydrogen and oxygen, made by combining water with an oxide, and yielding water by elimination. the hydroxides are regarded as compounds of hydroxyl, united usually with basic element or radical; as, calcium hydroxide ethyl hydroxide.
hydroxyl: a compound radical, or unsaturated group, ho, consisting of one atom of hydrogen and one of oxygen. it is a characteristic part of the hydrates, the alcohols, the oxygen acids, etc.
hydroxylamine: a nitrogenous, organic base, nh2.oh, resembling ammonia, and produced by a modified reduction of nitric acid. it is usually obtained as a volatile, unstable solution in water. it acts as a strong reducing agent.
hydrozoa: the acalephae; one of the classes of coelenterates, including the hydroidea, discophora, and siphonophora.-of hydrozoon
hyemation: the passing of a winter in a particular place; a wintering.-the act of affording shelter in winter.
hyena: any carnivorous mammal of the family hyaenidae, of which three living species are known. they are large and strong, but cowardly. they feed chiefly on carrion, and are nocturnal in their habits.
hyetal: of or pertaining to rain; descriptive of the distribution of rain, or of rainy regions.
hyetograph: a chart or graphic representation of the average distribution of rain over the surface of the earth.
hygeian: relating to hygeia, the goddess of health; of or pertaining to health, or its preservation.
hygiene: that department of sanitary science which treats of the preservation of health, esp. of households and communities; a system of principles or rules designated for the promotion of health.
hygrine: an alkaloid associated with cocaine in coca leaves (erythroxylon coca), and extracted as a thick, yellow oil, having a pungent taste and odor.
hygrodeik: a form of hygrometer having wet and dry bulb thermometers, with an adjustable index showing directly the percentage of moisture in the air, etc.
hygrometrical: of or pertaining to hygrometry; made with, or according to, the hygrometer; as, hygrometric observations.-readily absorbing and retaining moisture; as, hygrometric substances, like potash.
hygrometry: that branch of physics which relates to the determination of the humidity of bodies, particularly of the atmosphere, with the theory and use of the instruments constructed for this purpose.
hygrophanous: having such a structure as to be diaphanous when moist, and opaque when dry.
hygrophthalmic: serving to moisten the eye; -- sometimes applied to the lachrymal ducts.
hygroplasm: the fluid portion of the cell protoplasm, in opposition to stereoplasm, the solid or insoluble portion. the latter is supposed to be partly nutritive and partly composed of idioplasm.
hygroscope: an instrument which shows whether there is more or less moisture in the atmosphere, without indicating its amount.
hygroscopic: of or pertaining to, or indicated by, the hygroscope; not readily manifest to the senses, but capable of detection by the hygroscope; as, glass is often covered with a film of hygroscopic moisture.-having the property of readily inbibing moisture from the atmosphere, or of the becoming coated with a thin film of moisture, as glass, etc.
hygroscopicity: the property possessed by vegetable tissues of absorbing or discharging moisture according to circumstances.
hylaeosaurus: a large wealden dinosaur from the tilgate forest, england. it was about twenty feet long, protected by bony plates in the skin, and armed with spines.
hylic: of or pertaining to matter; material; corporeal; as, hylic influences.
hylicist: a philosopher who treats chiefly of matter; one who adopts or teaches hylism.
hylobate: any species of the genus hylobates; a gibbon, or long-armed ape. see gibbon.
hylodes: the piping frog (hyla pickeringii), a small american tree frog, which in early spring, while breeding in swamps and ditches, sings with high, shrill, but musical, notes.
hylotheism: the doctrine of belief that matter is god, or that there is no god except matter and the universe; pantheism. see materialism.
hylozoism: the doctrine that matter possesses a species of life and sensation, or that matter and life are inseparable.
hymen: a fold of muscous membrane often found at the orifice of the vagina; the vaginal membrane.-a fabulous deity; according to some, the son of apollo and urania, according to others, of bacchus and venus. he was the god of marriage, and presided over nuptial solemnities.-marriage; union as if by marriage.
hymenean: of or pertaining to marriage; as, hymeneal rites.-a marriage song.
hymenium: the spore-bearing surface of certain fungi, as that on the gills of a mushroom.
hymenogeny: the production of artificial membranes by contact of two fluids, as albumin and fat, by which the globules of the latter are surrounded by a thin film of the former.
hymenomycetes: one of the great divisions of fungi, containing those species in which the hymenium is completely exposed.
hymenoptera: an extensive order of insects, including the bees, ants, ichneumons, sawflies, etc.
hymenopterous: like, or characteristic of, the hymenoptera; pertaining to the hymenoptera.
hymn: an ode or song of praise or adoration; especially, a religious ode, a sacred lyric; a song of praise or thankgiving intended to be used in religious service; as, the homeric hymns; watts' hymns.-to praise in song; to worship or extol by singing hymns; to sing.-to sing in praise or adoration.
hymning: of hymn-praising with hymns; singing.-the singing of hymns.
hymnographer: one who writes on the subject of hymns.-a writer or composed of hymns.
hymnology: the hymns or sacred lyrics composed by authors of a particular country or period; as, the hymnology of the eighteenth century; also, the collective body of hymns used by any particular church or religious body; as, the anglican hymnology.-a knowledge of hymns; a treatise on hymns.
hyo-: a prexif used in anatomy, and generally denoting connection with the hyoid bone or arch; as, hyoglossal, hyomandibular, hyomental, etc.
hyoganoidei: a division of ganoid fishes, including the gar pikes and bowfins.
hyoglossal: pertaining to or connecting the tongue and hyodean arch; as, the hyoglossal membrane.-of or pertaining to the hyoglossus muscle.
hyoglossus: a flat muscle on either side of the tongue, connecting it with the hyoid bone.
hyoid: having the form of an arch, or of the greek letter upsilon [/].-of or pertaining to the bony or cartilaginous arch which supports the tongue. sometimes applied to the tongue itself.-the hyoid bone.
hyomandibular: pertaining both to the hyoidean arch and the mandible or lower jaw; as, the hyomandibular bone or cartilage, a segment of the hyoid arch which connects the lower jaw with the skull in fishes.-the hyomandibular bone or cartilage.
hyomental: between the hyoid bone and the lower jaw, pertaining to them; suprahyoid; submaxillary; as, the hyomental region of the front of the neck.
hyopastron: the second lateral plate in the plastron of turtles; -- called also hyosternum.
hyoscine: an alkaloid found with hyoscyamine (with which it is also isomeric) in henbane, and extracted as a white, amorphous, semisolid substance.
hyoscyamine: an alkaloid found in henbane (hyoscyamus niger), and regarded as its active principle. it is also found with other alkaloids in the thorn apple and deadly nightshade. it is extracted as a white crystalline substance, with a sharp, offensive taste. hyoscyamine is isomeric with atropine, is very poisonous, and is used as a medicine for neuralgia, like belladonna. called also hyoscyamia, duboisine, etc.
hyoscyamus: a genus of poisonous plants of the nightshade family; henbane.-the leaves of the black henbane (hyoscyamus niger), used in neuralgic and pectorial troubles.
hyosternal: between the hyoid bone and the sternum, or pertaining to them; infrahyoid; as, the hyosternal region of the neck.-pertaining to the hyosternum of turtles.
hyostylic: having the mandible suspended by the hyomandibular, or upper part of the hyoid arch, as in fishes, instead of directly articulated with the skull as in mammals; -- said of the skull.
hyp: an abbreviation of hypochonaria; -- usually in plural.-to make melancholy.
hypallage: a figure consisting of a transference of attributes from their proper subjects to other. thus virgil says, "dare classibus austros," to give the winds to the fleets, instead of dare classibus austris, to give the fleets to the winds.
hypanthium: a fruit consisting in large part of a receptacle, enlarged below the calyx, as in the calycanthus, the rose hip, and the pear.
hypapophysis: a process, or other element, of a vertebra developed from the ventral side of the centrum, as haemal spines, and chevron bones.
hyparterial: situated below an artery; applied esp. to the branches of the bronchi given off below the point where the pulmonary artery crosses the bronchus.
hypaxial: beneath the axis of the skeleton; subvertebral; hyposkeletal.
hyper-: a prefix signifying over, above; as, hyperphysical, hyperthyrion; also, above measure, abnormally great, excessive; as, hyperaemia, hyperbola, hypercritical, hypersecretion.-a prefix equivalent to super- or per-; as hyperoxide, or peroxide. [obs.] see per-.
hyperaemia: a superabundance or congestion of blood in an organ or part of the body.
hyperaesthesia: a state of exalted or morbidly increased sensibility of the body, or of a part of it.
hyperapophysis: a lateral and backward-projecting process on the dorsal side of a vertebra.
hyperbaton: a figurative construction, changing or inverting the natural order of words or clauses; as, "echoed the hills" for "the hills echoed."
hyperbola: a curve formed by a section of a cone, when the cutting plane makes a greater angle with the base than the side of the cone makes. it is a plane curve such that the difference of the distances from any point of it to two fixed points, called foci, is equal to a given distance. see focus. if the cutting plane be produced so as to cut the opposite cone, another curve will be formed, which is also an hyperbola. both curves are regarded as branches of the same hyperbola. see illust. of conic section, and focus.