AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-english-full-a-to-z huggingface dataset:
invariable: not given to variation or change; unalterable; unchangeable; always uniform.-an invariable quantity; a constant.
invariant: an invariable quantity; specifically, a function of the coefficients of one or more forms, which remains unaltered, when these undergo suitable linear transformations.
invasion: the act of invading; the act of encroaching upon the rights or possessions of another; encroachment; trespass.-a warlike or hostile entrance into the possessions or domains of another; the incursion of an army for conquest or plunder.-the incoming or first attack of anything hurtful or pernicious; as, the invasion of a disease.
invected: having a border or outline composed of semicircles with the convexity outward; -- the opposite of engrailed.
invective: characterized by invection; critical; denunciatory; satirical; abusive; railing.-an expression which inveighs or rails against a person; a severe or violent censure or reproach; something uttered or written, intended to cast opprobrium, censure, or reproach on another; a harsh or reproachful accusation; -- followed by against, having reference to the person or thing affected; as an invective against tyranny.
inveigh: to declaim or rail (against some person or thing); to utter censorious and bitter language; to attack with harsh criticism or reproach, either spoken or written; to use invectives; -- with against; as, to inveigh against character, conduct, manners, customs, morals, a law, an abuse.
inveigle: to lead astray as if blind; to persuade to something evil by deceptive arts or flattery; to entice; to insnare; to seduce; to wheedle.
inveiglement: the act of inveigling, or the state of being inveigled; that which inveigles; enticement; seduction.
invendibility: the quality of being invendible; invendibleness; unsalableness.
invent: to come or light upon; to meet; to find.-to discover, as by study or inquiry; to find out; to devise; to contrive or produce for the first time; -- applied commonly to the discovery of some serviceable mode, instrument, or machine.-to frame by the imagination; to fabricate mentally; to forge; -- in a good or a bad sense; as, to invent the machinery of a poem; to invent a falsehood.
invention: the act of finding out or inventing; contrivance or construction of that which has not before existed; as, the invention of logarithms; the invention of the art of printing.-that which is invented; an original contrivance or construction; a device; as, this fable was the invention of esop; that falsehood was her own invention.-thought; idea.-a fabrication to deceive; a fiction; a forgery; a falsehood.-the faculty of inventing; imaginative faculty; skill or ingenuity in contriving anything new; as, a man of invention.-the exercise of the imagination in selecting and treating a theme, or more commonly in contriving the arrangement of a piece, or the method of presenting its parts.
inventive: able and apt to invent; quick at contrivance; ready at expedients; as, an inventive head or genius.
inventor: one who invents or finds out something new; a contriver; especially, one who invents mechanical devices.
inventory: an account, catalogue, or schedule, made by an executor or administrator, of all the goods and chattels, and sometimes of the real estate, of a deceased person; a list of the property of which a person or estate is found to be possessed; hence, an itemized list of goods or valuables, with their estimated worth; specifically, the annual account of stock taken in any business.-to make an inventory of; to make a list, catalogue, or schedule of; to insert or register in an account of goods; as, a merchant inventories his stock.
inverse: opposite in order, relation, or effect; reversed; inverted; reciprocal; -- opposed to direct.-inverted; having a position or mode of attachment the reverse of that which is usual.-opposite in nature and effect; -- said with reference to any two operations, which, when both are performed in succession upon any quantity, reproduce that quantity; as, multiplication is the inverse operation to division. the symbol of an inverse operation is the symbol of the direct operation with -1 as an index. thus sin-1 x means the arc whose sine is x.-that which is inverse.
inversion: the act of inverting, or turning over or backward, or the state of being inverted.-a change by inverted order; a reversed position or arrangement of things; transposition.-a movement in tactics by which the order of companies in line is inverted, the right being on the left, the left on the right, and so on.-a change in the order of the terms of a proportion, so that the second takes the place of the first, and the fourth of the third.-a peculiar method of transformation, in which a figure is replaced by its inverse figure. propositions that are true for the original figure thus furnish new propositions that are true in the inverse figure. see inverse figures, under inverse.-a change of the usual order of words or phrases; as, "of all vices, impurity is one of the most detestable," instead of, "impurity is one of the most detestable of all vices."-a method of reasoning in which the orator shows that arguments advanced by his adversary in opposition to him are really favorable to his cause.-said of intervals, when the lower tone is placed an octave higher, so that fifths become fourths, thirds sixths, etc.-said of a chord, when one of its notes, other than its root, is made the bass.-said of a subject, or phrase, when the intervals of which it consists are repeated in the contrary direction, rising instead of falling, or vice versa.-said of double counterpoint, when an upper and a lower part change places.-the folding back of strata upon themselves, as by upheaval, in such a manner that the order of succession appears to be reversed.-the act or process by which cane sugar (sucrose), under the action of heat and acids or ferments (as diastase), is broken or split up into grape sugar (dextrose), and fruit sugar (levulose); also, less properly, the process by which starch is converted into grape sugar (dextrose).
invert: to turn over; to put upside down; to upset; to place in a contrary order or direction; to reverse; as, to invert a cup, the order of words, rules of justice, etc.-to change the position of; -- said of tones which form a chord, or parts which compose harmony.-to divert; to convert to a wrong use.-to convert; to reverse; to decompose by, or subject to, inversion. see inversion, n., 10.-to undergo inversion, as sugar.-subjected to the process of inversion; inverted; converted; as, invert sugar.-an inverted arch.
invertebrate: destitute of a backbone; having no vertebrae; of or pertaining to the invertebrata.-one of the invertebrata.
inverted: of invert-changed to a contrary or counterchanged order; reversed; characterized by inversion.-situated apparently in reverse order, as strata when folded back upon themselves by upheaval.
invertible: capable of being inverted or turned.-capable of being changed or converted; as, invertible sugar.-incapable of being turned or changed.
invertin: an unorganized ferment which causes cane sugar to take up a molecule of water and be converted into invert sugar.
invest: to put garments on; to clothe; to dress; to array; -- opposed to divest. usually followed by with, sometimes by in; as, to invest one with a robe.-to put on.-to clothe, as with office or authority; to place in possession of rank, dignity, or estate; to endow; to adorn; to grace; to bedeck; as, to invest with honor or glory; to invest with an estate.-to surround, accompany, or attend.-to confer; to give.-to inclose; to surround of hem in with troops, so as to intercept succors of men and provisions and prevent escape; to lay siege to; as, to invest a town.-to lay out (money or capital) in business with the /iew of obtaining an income or profit; as, to invest money in bank stock.-to make an investment; as, to invest in stocks; -- usually followed by in.
investigable: capable or susceptible of being investigated; admitting research.-unsearchable; inscrutable.
investigate: to follow up step by step by patient inquiry or observation; to trace or track mentally; to search into; to inquire and examine into with care and accuracy; to find out by careful inquisition; as, to investigate the causes of natural phenomena.-to pursue a course of investigation and study; to make investigation.
investigation: the act of investigating; the process of inquiring into or following up; research; study; inquiry, esp. patient or thorough inquiry or examination; as, the investigations of the philosopher and the mathematician; the investigations of the judge, the moralist.
investiture: the act or ceremony of investing, or the of being invested, as with an office; a giving possession; also, the right of so investing.-livery of seizin.-that with which anyone is invested or clothed; investment; clothing; covering.
investment: the act of investing, or the state of being invested.-that with which anyone is invested; a vestment.-the act of surrounding, blocking up, or besieging by an armed force, or the state of being so surrounded.-the laying out of money in the purchase of some species of property; the amount of money invested, or that in which money is invested.
inveteracy: firm establishment by long continuance; firmness or deep-rooted obstinacy of any quality or state acquired by time; as, the inveteracy of custom, habit, or disease; -- usually in a bad sense; as, the inveteracy of prejudice or of error.-malignity; spitefulness; virulency.
inveterate: old; long-established.-firmly established by long continuance; obstinate; deep-rooted; of long standing; as, an inveterate disease; an inveterate abuse.-having habits fixed by long continuance; confirmed; habitual; as, an inveterate idler or smoker.-malignant; virulent; spiteful.-to fix and settle by long continuance.
invidious: envious; malignant.-worthy of envy; desirable; enviable.-likely to incur or produce ill will, or to provoke envy; hateful; as, invidious distinctions.
invigorate: to give vigor to; to strengthen; to animate; to give life and energy to.
invigoration: the act of invigorating, or the state of being invigorated.
invincible: incapable of being conquered, overcome, or subdued; unconquerable; insuperable; as, an invincible army, or obstacle.
inviolable: not violable; not susceptible of hurt, wound, or harm (used with respect to either physical or moral damage); not susceptible of being profaned or corrupted; sacred; holy; as, inviolable honor or chastity; an inviolable shrine.-unviolated; uninjured; undefiled; uncorrupted.-not capable of being broken or violated; as, an inviolable covenant, agreement, promise, or vow.
inviolableness: the quality or state of being inviolable; as, the inviolableness of divine justice.
inviolacy: the state or quality of being inviolate; as, the inviolacy of an oath.
inviolated: not violated; uninjured; unhurt; unbroken.-not corrupted, defiled, or profaned; chaste; pure.
inviscate: to daub or catch with glue or birdlime; to entangle with glutinous matter.
invisible: incapable of being seen; not perceptible by vision; not visible.-an invisible person or thing; specifically, god, the supreme being.-a rosicrucian; -- so called because avoiding declaration of his craft.-one of those (as in the 16th century) who denied the visibility of the church.
invitation: the act of inviting; solicitation; the requesting of a person's company; as, an invitation to a party, to a dinner, or to visit a friend.-a document written or printed, or spoken words, /onveying the message by which one is invited.-allurement; enticement.
invitatory: using or containing invitations.-that which invites; specifically, the invitatory psalm, or a part of it used in worship.
invite: to ask; to request; to bid; to summon; to ask to do some act, or go to some place; esp., to ask to an entertainment or visit; to request the company of; as, to invite to dinner, or a wedding, or an excursion.-to allure; to draw to; to tempt to come; to induce by pleasure or hope; to attract.-to give occasion for; as, to invite criticism.-to give invitation.
inviting: of invite-alluring; tempting; as, an inviting amusement or prospect.
invocate: to invoke; to call on, or for, in supplication; to implore.
invocation: the act or form of calling for the assistance or presence of some superior being; earnest and solemn entreaty; esp., prayer offered to a divine being.-a call or summons; especially, a judicial call, demand, or order; as, the invocation of papers or evidence into court.
invoice: a written account of the particulars of merchandise shipped or sent to a purchaser, consignee, factor, etc., with the value or prices and charges annexed.-the lot or set of goods as shipped or received; as, the merchant receives a large invoice of goods.-to make a written list or account of, as goods to be sent to a consignee; to insert in a priced list; to write or enter in an invoice.
invoke: to call on for aid or protection; to invite earnestly or solemnly; to summon; to address in prayer; to solicit or demand by invocation; to implore; as, to invoke the supreme being, or to invoke his and blessing.
involucel: a partial, secondary, or small involucre. see illust. of involucre.
involucre: a whorl or set of bracts around a flower, umbel, or head.-a continuous marginal covering of sporangia, in certain ferns, as in the common brake, or the cup-shaped processes of the filmy ferns.-the peridium or volva of certain fungi. called also involucrum.
involucrum: see involucre.-a sheath which surrounds the base of the lasso cells in the siphonophora.
involuntarily: in an involuntary manner; not voluntarily; not intentionally or willingly.
involuntariness: the quality or state of being involuntary; unwillingness; automatism.
involuntary: not having will or the power of choice.-not under the influence or control of the will; not voluntary; as, the involuntary movements of the body; involuntary muscle fibers.-not proceeding from choice; done unwillingly; reluctant; compulsory; as, involuntary submission.
involute: alt. of involuted-a curve traced by the end of a string wound upon another curve, or unwound from it; -- called also evolvent. see evolute.
involuted: rolled inward from the edges; -- said of leaves in vernation, or of the petals of flowers in aestivation.-turned inward at the margin, as the exterior lip of the cyprea.-rolled inward spirally.
involution: the act of involving or infolding.-the state of being entangled or involved; complication; entanglement.-that in which anything is involved, folded, or wrapped; envelope.-the insertion of one or more clauses between the subject and the verb, in a way that involves or complicates the construction.-the act or process of raising a quantity to any power assigned; the multiplication of a quantity into itself a given number of times; -- the reverse of evolution.-the relation which exists between three or more sets of points, a.a', b.b', c.c', so related to a point o on the line, that the product oa.oa' = ob.ob' = oc.oc' is constant. sets of lines or surfaces possessing corresponding properties may be in involution.-the return of an enlarged part or organ to its normal size, as of the uterus after pregnancy.
involve: to roll or fold up; to wind round; to entwine.-to envelop completely; to surround; to cover; to hide; to involve in darkness or obscurity.-to complicate or make intricate, as in grammatical structure.-to connect with something as a natural or logical consequence or effect; to include necessarily; to imply.-to take in; to gather in; to mingle confusedly; to blend or merge.-to envelop, infold, entangle, or embarrass; as, to involve a person in debt or misery.-to engage thoroughly; to occupy, employ, or absorb.-to raise to any assigned power; to multiply, as a quantity, into itself a given number of times; as, a quantity involved to the third or fourth power.
invulgar: to cause to become or appear vulgar.-not vulgar; refined; elegant.
invulnerable: incapable of being wounded, or of receiving injury.-unanswerable; irrefutable; that can not be refuted or convinced; as, an invulnerable argument.
inwall: to inclose or fortify as with a wall.-an inner wall; specifically (metal.), the inner wall, or lining, of a blast furnace.
inward: being or placed within; inner; interior; -- opposed to outward.-seated in the mind, heart, spirit, or soul.-intimate; domestic; private.-that which is inward or within; especially, in the plural, the inner parts or organs of the body; the viscera.-the mental faculties; -- usually pl.-an intimate or familiar friend or acquaintance.-alt. of inwards
inwardly: in the inner parts; internally.-toward the center; inward; as, to curve inwardly.-in the heart or mind; mentally; privately; secret/y; as, he inwardly repines.-intimately; thoroughly.
inwardness: internal or true state; essential nature; as, the inwardness of conduct.-intimacy; familiarity.-heartiness; earnestness.
inwards: toward the inside; toward the center or interior; as, to bend a thing inward.-into, or toward, the mind or thoughts; inwardly; as, to turn the attention inward.-see inward.
inweave: to weave in or together; to intermix or intertwine by weaving; to interlace.
inwrap: to cover by wrapping; to involve; to infold; as, to inwrap in a cloak, in smoke, etc.-to involve, as in difficulty or perplexity; to perplex.
inwrought: wrought or worked in or among other things; worked into any fabric so as to from a part of its texture; wrought or adorned, as with figures.
io moth: a large and handsome american moth (hyperchiria io), having a large, bright-colored spot on each hind wing, resembling the spots on the tail of a peacock. the larva is covered with prickly hairs, which sting like nettles.
iod-: see iodo-.-a prefix, or combining from, indicating iodine as an ingredient; as, iodoform.
iodal: an oily liquid, cl3.cho, analogous to chloral and bromal.
iodhydrin: one of a series of compounds containing iodine, and analogous to the chlorhydrins.
iodic: to, or containing, iodine; specif., denoting those compounds in which it has a relatively high valence; as, iodic acid.
iodide: a binary compound of iodine, or one which may be regarded as binary; as, potassium iodide.
iodine: a nonmetallic element, of the halogen group, occurring always in combination, as in the iodides. when isolated it is in the form of dark gray metallic scales, resembling plumbago, soft but brittle, and emitting a chlorinelike odor.  symbol i.  atomic weight 126.5.  if heated, iodine volatilizes in beautiful violet vapors.
iodism: a morbid state produced by the use of iodine and its compounds, and characterized by palpitation, depression, and general emaciation, with a pustular eruption upon the skin.
iodize: to treat or impregnate with iodine or its compounds; as, to iodize a plate for photography.
iodoform: a yellow, crystalline, volatile substance, ci3h, having an offensive odor and sweetish taste, and analogous to chloroform. it is used in medicine as a healing and antiseptic dressing for wounds and sores.
iodoquinine: a iodide of quinine obtained as a brown substance,. it is the base of herapathite. see herapathite.
iodous: pertaining to, or containing, iodine. see -ous (chemical suffix).
iolite: a silicate of alumina, iron, and magnesia, having a bright blue color and vitreous luster; cordierite. it is remarkable for its dichroism, and is also called dichroite.
ion: one of the elements which appear at the respective poles when a body is subjected to electro-chemical decomposition.  cf. anion, cation.
ionian: of or pertaining to ionia or the ionians; ionic.-a native or citizen of ionia.
ionic: of or pertaining to ionia or the ionians.-pertaining to the ionic order of architecture, one of the three orders invented by the greeks, and one of the five recognized by the italian writers of the sixteenth century. its distinguishing feature is a capital with spiral volutes. see illust. of capital.-of or pertaining to an ion; composed of ions.-a foot consisting of four syllables: either two long and two short, -- that is, a spondee and a pyrrhic, in which case it is called the greater ionic; or two short and two long, -- that is, a pyrrhic and a spondee, in which case it is called the smaller ionic.-a verse or meter composed or consisting of ionic feet.-the ionic dialect; as, the homeric ionic.-ionic type.
ionidium: a genus of violaceous plants, chiefly found in tropical america, some species of which are used as substitutes for ipecacuanha.
ioqua shell: the shell of a large dentalium (d. pretiosum), formerly used as shell money, and for ornaments, by the indians of the west coast of north america.
iota: the ninth letter of the greek alphabet (/) corresponding with the english i.-a very small quantity or degree; a jot; a particle.
iotacism: the frequent use of the sound of iota (that of english e in be), as among the modern greeks; also, confusion from sounding /, /, /, /, //, etc., like /.
iowas: a tribe of indians which formerly occupied the region now included in the state of iowa.
ipecacuanha: the root of a brazilian rubiaceous herb (cephaelis ipecacuanha), largely employed as an emetic; also, the plant itself; also, a medicinal extract of the root. many other plants are used as a substitutes; among them are the black or peruvian ipecac (psychotria emetica), the white ipecac (ionidium ipecacuanha), the bastard or wild ipecac (asclepias curassavica), and the undulated ipecac (richardsonia scabra).
ipomoea: a genus of twining plants with showy monopetalous flowers, including the morning-glory, the sweet potato, and the cypress vine.
ipomoeic: pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the oxidation of convolvulin (obtained from jalap, the tubers of ipomoea purga), and identical in most of its properties with sebacic acid.
iranian: of or pertaining to iran.-a native of iran; also, the iranian or persian language, a division of the aryan family of languages.
irascibility: the quality or state of being irascible; irritability of temper; irascibleness.
irascible: prone to anger; easily provoked or inflamed to anger; choleric; irritable; as, an irascible man; an irascible temper or mood.
irenarch: an officer in the greek empire having functions corresponding to those of a justice of the peace.
irenics: that branch of christian science which treats of the methods of securing unity among christians or harmony and union among the churches; -- called also irenical theology.
iridal: of or pertaining to the iris or rainbow; prismatic; as, the iridal colors.
iridectomy: the act or process of cutting out a portion of the iris in order to form an artificial pupil.
irideous: pertaining to, or resembling, a large natural order of endogenous plants (iridaceae), which includes the genera iris, ixia, crocus, gladiolus, and many others.
iridescence: exhibition of colors like those of the rainbow; the quality or state of being iridescent; a prismatic play of color; as, the iridescence of mother-of-pearl.
iridescent: having colors like the rainbow; exhibiting a play of changeable colors; nacreous; prismatic; as, iridescent glass.
iridic: of or pertaining to the iris of the eye.-of or pertaining to iridium; -- said specifically of those compounds in which iridium has a relatively high valence.
iridious: of or pertaining to iridium; -- applied specifically to compounds in which iridium has a low valence.
iridium: a rare metallic element, of the same group as platinum, which it much resembles, being silver-white, but harder, and brittle, and indifferent to most corrosive agents. with the exception of osmium, it is the heaviest substance known, its specific gravity being 22.4. symbol ir. atomic weight 192.5.
iridize: to point or tip with iridium, as a gold pen.-to make iridescent; as, to iridize glass.
iridoline: a nitrogenous base c10h9n, extracted from coal-tar naphtha, as an oily liquid. it is a member of the quinoline series, and is probably identical with lepidine.
iridosmium: the native compound of iridium and osmium. it is found in flattened metallic grains of extreme hardness, and is often used for pointing gold pens.