AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-english-full-a-to-z huggingface dataset:
isologous: having similar proportions, similar relations, or similar differences of composition; -- said specifically of groups or series which differ by a constant difference; as, ethane, ethylene, and acetylene, or their analogous compounds, form an isologous series.
isomer: a body or compound which is isomeric with another body or compound; a member of an isomeric series.
isomeric: having the same percentage composition; -- said of two or more different substances which contain the same ingredients in the same proportions by weight, often used with with. specif.: (a) polymeric; i. e., having the same elements united in the same proportion by weight, but with different molecular weights; as, acetylene and benzine are isomeric (polymeric) with each other in this sense. see polymeric. (b) metameric; i. e., having the same elements united in the same proportions by weight, and with the same molecular weight, but which a different structure or arrangement of the ultimate parts; as, ethyl alcohol and methyl ether are isomeric (metameric) with each other in this sense. see metameric.
isomerism: the state, quality, or relation, of two or more isomeric substances.
isometrical: pertaining to, or characterized by, equality of measure.-noting, or conforming to, that system of crystallization in which the three axes are of equal length and at right angles to each other; monometric; regular; cubic.  cf. crystallization.
isomorphism: a similarity of crystalline form between substances of similar composition, as between the sulphates of barium (baso4) and strontium (srso4). it is sometimes extended to include similarity of form between substances of unlike composition, which is more properly called homoeomorphism.
isonandra: a genus of sapotaceous trees of india. isonandra gutta is the principal source of gutta-percha.
isonephelic: having, or indicating, an equal amount of cloudiness for a given period; as, isonephelic regions; an isonephelic line.
isonicotine: a crystalline, nitrogenous base, c10h14n2, isomeric with nicotine.
isonicotinic: pertaining to, or derived from, isonicotine.-pertaining to, or designating, an acid isomeric with nicotinic acid.
isonitroso-: a combining from (also used adjectively), signifying: pertaining to, or designating, the characteristic, nitrogenous radical, noh, called the isonitroso group.
isonomic: the same, or equal, in law or right; one in kind or origin; analogous; similar.
isopathy: the system which undertakes to cure a disease by means of the virus of the same disease.-the theory of curing a diseased organ by eating the analogous organ of a healthy animal.-the doctrine that the power of therapeutics is equal to that of the causes of disease.
isopepsin: pepsin modified by exposure to a temperature of from 40¡ to 60¡ c.
isoperimetrical: having equal perimeters of circumferences; as, isoperimetrical figures or bodies.
isopleura: a subclass of gastropoda, in which the body is symmetrical, the right and left sides being equal.
isopod: having the legs similar in structure; belonging to the isopoda.-one of the isopoda.
isopoda: an order of sessile-eyed crustacea, usually having seven pairs of legs, which are all similar in structure.
isopodiform: having the shape of an isopod; -- said of the larvae of certain insects.
isopogonous: having the two webs equal in breath; -- said of feathers.
isoprene: an oily, volatile hydrocarbon, obtained by the distillation of caoutchouc or guttaipercha.
isopycnic: having equal density, as different regions of a medium; passing through points at which the density is equal; as, an isopycnic line or surface.-a line or surface passing through those points in a medium, at which the density is the same.
isorcin: a crystalline hydrocarbon derivative, metameric with orcin, but produced artificially; -- called also cresorcin.
isospondyli: an extensive order of fishes, including the salmons, herrings, and many allied forms.
isospondylous: of or pertaining to the isospondyli; having the anterior vertebrae separate and normal.
isosporic: producing but one kind of spore, as the ferns and equiseta.  cf. heterosporic.
isosulphocyanic: pertaining to, or designating, an acid, hncs, isomeric with sulphocyanic acid.
isotheral: having the nature of an isothere; indicating the distribution of temperature by means of an isothere; as, an isotheral chart or line.
isotherm: a line connecting or marking points on the earth's surface having the same temperature. this may be the temperature for a given time of observation, or the mean temperature for a year or other period. also, a similar line based on the distribution of temperature in the ocean.
isothermal: relating to equality of temperature.-having reference to the geographical distribution of temperature, as exhibited by means of isotherms; as, an isothermal line; an isothermal chart.
isothermobath: a line drawn through points of equal temperature in a vertical section of the ocean.
isothermobathic: of or pertaining to an isothermobath; possessing or indicating equal temperatures in a vertical section, as of the ocean.
isotherombrose: a line connecting or marking points on the earth's surface, which have the same mean summer rainfall.
isotrimorphism: isomorphism between the three forms, severally, of two trimorphous substances.
isotropy: uniformity of physical properties in all directions in a body; absence of all kinds of polarity; specifically, equal elasticity in all directions.
isouric: pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid, isomeric with uric acid.
israelitish: of or pertaining to israel, or to the israelites; jewish; hebrew.
issuable: leading to, producing, or relating to, an issue; capable of being made an issue at law.-lawful or suitable to be issued; as, a writ issuable on these grounds.
issuably: in an issuable manner; by way of issue; as, to plead issuably.
issuance: the act of issuing, or giving out; as, the issuance of an order; the issuance of rations, and the like.
issuant: issuing or coming up; -- a term used to express a charge or bearing rising or coming out of another.
issue: the act of passing or flowing out; a moving out from any inclosed place; egress; as, the issue of water from a pipe, of blood from a wound, of air from a bellows, of people from a house.-the act of sending out, or causing to go forth; delivery; issuance; as, the issue of an order from a commanding officer; the issue of money from a treasury.-that which passes, flows, or is sent out; the whole quantity sent forth or emitted at one time; as, an issue of bank notes; the daily issue of a newspaper.-progeny; a child or children; offspring. in law, sometimes, in a general sense, all persons descended from a common ancestor; all lineal descendants.-produce of the earth, or profits of land, tenements, or other property; as, a conveyed to b all his right for a term of years, with all the issues, rents, and profits.-a discharge of flux, as of blood.-an artificial ulcer, usually made in the fleshy part of the arm or leg, to produce the secretion and discharge of pus for the relief of some affected part.-the final outcome or result; upshot; conclusion; event; hence, contest; test; trial.-a point in debate or controversy on which the parties take affirmative and negative positions; a presentation of alternatives between which to choose or decide.-in pleading, a single material point of law or fact depending in the suit, which, being affirmed on the one side and denied on the other, is presented for determination. see general issue, under general, and feigned issue, under feigned.-to pass or flow out; to run out, as from any inclosed place.-to go out; to rush out; to sally forth; as, troops issued from the town, and attacked the besiegers.-to proceed, as from a source; as, water issues from springs; light issues from the sun.-to proceed, as progeny; to be derived; to be descended; to spring.-to extend; to pass or open; as, the path issues into the highway.-to be produced as an effect or result; to grow or accrue; to arise; to proceed; as, rents and profits issuing from land, tenements, or a capital stock.-to close; to end; to terminate; to turn out; as, we know not how the cause will issue.-in pleading, to come to a point in fact or law, on which the parties join issue.-to send out; to put into circulation; as, to issue notes from a bank.-to deliver for use; as, to issue provisions.-to send out officially; to deliver by authority; as, to issue an order; to issue a writ.
isthmian: of or pertaining to an isthmus, especially to the isthmus of corinth, in greece.
isthmus: a neck or narrow slip of land by which two continents are connected, or by which a peninsula is united to the mainland; as, the isthmus of panama; the isthmus of suez, etc.
isuret: an artificial nitrogenous base, isomeric with urea, and forming a white crystalline substance; -- called also isuretine.
it: the neuter pronoun of the third person, corresponding to the masculine pronoun he and the feminine she, and having the same plural (they, their or theirs, them).-as a substance for any noun of the neuter gender; as, here is the book, take it home.-as a demonstrative, especially at the beginning of a sentence, pointing to that which is about to be stated, named, or mentioned, or referring to that which apparent or well known; as, i saw it was john.-as an indefinite nominative for a impersonal verb; as, it snows; it rains.-as a substitute for such general terms as, the state of affairs, the condition of things, and the like; as, how is it with the sick man?-as an indefinite object after some intransitive verbs, or after a substantive used humorously as a verb; as, to foot it (i. e., to walk).
ita palm: a magnificent species of palm (mauritia flexuosa), growing near the orinoco. the natives eat its fruit and buds, drink its sap, and make thread and cord from its fiber.
itacism: pronunciation of / (eta) as the modern greeks pronounce it, that is, like e in the english word be. this was the pronunciation advocated by reu/hlin and his followers, in opposition to the etacism of erasmus. see etacism.
itacolumite: a laminated, granular, siliceous rocks, often occurring in regions where the diamond is found.
itaconic: pertaining to, or designating, an acid, c5h6o4, which is obtained as a white crystalline substance by decomposing aconitic and other organic acids.
itala: an early latin version of the scriptures (the old testament was translated from the septuagint, and was also called the italic version).
italian: of or pertaining to italy, or to its people or language.-a native or inhabitant of italy.-the language used in italy, or by the italians.
italianate: to render italian, or conformable to italian customs; to italianize.-italianized; italianated.
italianism: a word, phrase, or idiom, peculiar to the italians; an italicism.-attachment to, or sympathy for, italy.
italianize: to play the italian; to speak italian.-to render italian in any respect; to italianate.
italic: relating to italy or to its people.-applied especially to a kind of type in which the letters do not stand upright, but slope toward the right; -- so called because dedicated to the states of italy by the inventor, aldus manutius, about the year 1500.-an italic letter, character, or type (see italic, a., 2.); -- often in the plural; as, the italics are the author's. italic letters are used to distinguish words for emphasis, importance, antithesis, etc. also, collectively, italic letters.
italicism: a phrase or idiom peculiar to the italian language; to italianism.-the use of italics.
italicize: to print in italic characters; to underline written letters or words with a single line; as, to italicize a word; italicizes too much.
itch: to have an uneasy sensation in the skin, which inclines the person to scratch the part affected.-to have a constant desire or teasing uneasiness; to long for; as, itching ears.-an eruption of small, isolated, acuminated vesicles, produced by the entrance of a parasitic mite (the sarcoptes scabei), and attended with itching. it is transmissible by contact.-any itching eruption.-a sensation in the skin occasioned (or resembling that occasioned) by the itch eruption; -- called also scabies, psora, etc.-a constant irritating desire.
item: also; as an additional article.-an article; a separate particular in an account; as, the items in a bill.-a hint; an innuendo.-a short article in a newspaper; a paragraph; as, an item concerning the weather.-to make a note or memorandum of.
itemize: to state in items, or by particulars; as, to itemize the cost of a railroad.
iter: a passage; esp., the passage between the third and fourth ventricles in the brain; the aqueduct of sylvius.
iterate: uttered or done again; repeated.-to utter or do a second time or many times; to repeat; as, to iterate advice.-by way of iteration.
ithyphallic: lustful; lewd; salacious; indecent; obscene.
itinerancy: a passing from place to place.-a discharge of official duty involving frequent change of residence; the custom or practice of discharging official duty in this way; also, a body of persons who thus discharge official duty.
itinerant: passing or traveling about a country; going or preaching on a circuit; wandering; not settled; as, an itinerant preacher; an itinerant peddler.-one who travels from place to place, particularly a preacher; one who is unsettled.
itinerary: itinerant; traveling; passing from place to place; done on a journey.-an account of travels, or a register of places and distances as a guide to travelers; as, the itinerary of antoninus.
itinerate: to wander without a settled habitation; to travel from place or on a circuit, particularly for the purpose of preaching, lecturing, etc.
itself: the neuter reciprocal pronoun of it; as, the thing is good in itself; it stands by itself.
iulidan: one of the iulidae, a family of myriapods, of which the genus iulus is the type. see iulus.
iulus: a genus of chilognathous myriapods. the body is long and round, consisting of numerous smooth, equal segments, each of which bears two pairs of short legs. it includes the galleyworms. see chilognatha.
ivan ivanovitch: an ideal personification of the typical russian or of the russian people; -- used as "john bull" is used for the typical englishman.
ivory: the hard, white, opaque, fine-grained substance constituting the tusks of the elephant. it is a variety of dentine, characterized by the minuteness and close arrangement of the tubes, as also by their double flexure. it is used in manufacturing articles of ornament or utility.-the tusks themselves of the elephant, etc.-any carving executed in ivory.-teeth; as, to show one's ivories.
ivory-bill: a large, handsome, north american woodpecker (campephilus principalis), having a large, sharp, ivory-colored beak. its general color is glossy black, with white secondaries, and a white dorsal stripe. the male has a large, scarlet crest. it is now rare, and found only in the gulf states.
ivorytype: a picture produced by superposing a very light print, rendered translucent by varnish, and tinted upon the back, upon a stronger print, so as to give the effect of a photograph in natural colors; -- called also hellenotype.
ivy: a plant of the genus hedera (h. helix), common in europe. its leaves are evergreen, dark, smooth, shining, and mostly five-pointed; the flowers yellowish and small; the berries black or yellow. the stem clings to walls and trees by rootlike fibers.
ixia: a south african bulbous plant of the iris family, remarkable for the brilliancy of its flowers.
ixodes: a genus of parasitic acarina, which includes various species of ticks. see tick, the insect.
ixodian: a tick of the genus ixodes, or the family ixodidae.
ixtli: a mexican name for a variety of agave rigida, which furnishes a strong coarse fiber; also, the fiber itself, which is called also pita, and tampico fiber.
j: j is the tenth letter of the english alphabet. it is a later variant form of the roman letter i, used to express a consonantal sound, that is, originally, the sound of english y in yet. the forms j and i have, until a recent time, been classed together, and they have been used interchangeably.
jaal goat: a species of wild goat (capra nubiana) found in the mountains of abyssinia, upper egypt, and arabia; -- called also beden, and jaela.
jab: to thrust; to stab; to punch. see job, v. t.-a thrust or stab.
jabber: to talk rapidly, indistinctly, or unintelligibly; to utter gibberish or nonsense; to chatter.-to utter rapidly or indistinctly; to gabble; as, to jabber french.-rapid or incoherent talk, with indistinct utterance; gibberish.-one who jabbers.
jabiru: one of several large wading birds of the genera mycteria and xenorhynchus, allied to the storks in form and habits.
jaborandi: the native name of a south american rutaceous shrub (pilocarpus pennatifolius). the leaves are used in medicine as an diaphoretic and sialogogue.
jaborine: an alkaloid found in jaborandi leaves, from which it is extracted as a white amorphous substance. in its action it resembles atropine.
jabot: originally, a kind of ruffle worn by men on the bosom of the shirt.-an arrangement of lace or tulle, looped ornamentally, and worn by women on the front of the dress.
jacamar: any one of numerous species of tropical american birds of the genus galbula and allied genera. they are allied to the kingfishers, but climb on tree trunks like nuthatches, and feed upon insects. their colors are often brilliant.
jacana: any of several wading birds belonging to the genus jacana and several allied genera, all of which have spurs on the wings. they are able to run about over floating water weeds by means of their very long, spreading toes. called also surgeon bird.
jacaranda: the native brazilian name for certain leguminous trees, which produce the beautiful woods called king wood, tiger wood, and violet wood.-a genus of bignoniaceous brazilian trees with showy trumpet-shaped flowers.
jacchus: the common marmoset (hapale vulgaris). formerly, the name was also applied to other species of the same genus.
jack: a large tree, the artocarpus integrifolia, common in the east indies, closely allied to the breadfruit, from which it differs in having its leaves entire. the fruit is of great size, weighing from thirty to forty pounds, and through its soft fibrous matter are scattered the seeds, which are roasted and eaten. the wood is of a yellow color, fine grain, and rather heavy, and is much used in cabinetwork. it is also used for dyeing a brilliant yellow.-a familiar nickname of, or substitute for, john.-an impertinent or silly fellow; a simpleton; a boor; a clown; also, a servant; a rustic.-a popular colloquial name for a sailor; -- called also jack tar, and jack afloat.-a mechanical contrivance, an auxiliary machine, or a subordinate part of a machine, rendering convenient service, and often supplying the place of a boy or attendant who was commonly called jack-a device to pull off boots.-a sawhorse or sawbuck.-a machine or contrivance for turning a spit; a smoke jack, or kitchen jack.-a wooden wedge for separating rocks rent by blasting.-a lever for depressing the sinkers which push the loops down on the needles.-a grating to separate and guide the threads; a heck box.-a machine for twisting the sliver as it leaves the carding machine.-a compact, portable machine for planing metal.-a machine for slicking or pebbling leather.-a system of gearing driven by a horse power, for multiplying speed.-a hood or other device placed over a chimney or vent pipe, to prevent a back draught.-in the harpsichord, an intermediate piece communicating the action of the key to the quill; -- called also hopper.-in hunting, the pan or frame holding the fuel of the torch used to attract game at night; also, the light itself.-a portable machine variously constructed, for exerting great pressure, or lifting or moving a heavy body through a small distance. it consists of a lever, screw, rack and pinion, hydraulic press, or any simple combination of mechanical powers, working in a compact pedestal or support and operated by a lever, crank, capstan bar, etc. the name is often given to a jackscrew, which is a kind of jack.-the small bowl used as a mark in the game of bowls.-the male of certain animals, as of the ass.-a young pike; a pickerel.-the jurel.-a large, california rock fish (sebastodes paucispinus); -- called also boccaccio, and merou.-the wall-eyed pike.-a drinking measure holding half a pint; also, one holding a quarter of a pint.-a flag, containing only the union, without the fly, usually hoisted on a jack staff at the bowsprit cap; -- called also union jack. the american jack is a small blue flag, with a star for each state.-a bar of iron athwart ships at a topgallant masthead, to support a royal mast, and give spread to the royal shrouds; -- called also jack crosstree.-the knave of a suit of playing cards.-a coarse and cheap mediaeval coat of defense, esp. one made of leather.-a pitcher or can of waxed leather; -- called also black jack.-to hunt game at night by means of a jack. see 2d jack, n., 4, n.-to move or lift, as a house, by means of a jack or jacks. see 2d jack, n., 5.
jack-a-dandy: a little dandy; a little, foppish, impertinent fellow.
jack-a-lent: a small stuffed puppet to be pelted in lent; hence, a simple fellow.
jack-o'-lantern: see jack-with-a-lantern, under 2d jack.
jackal: any one of several species of carnivorous animals inhabiting africa and asia, related to the dog and wolf. they are cowardly, nocturnal, and gregarious. they feed largely on carrion, and are noted for their piercing and dismal howling.-one who does mean work for another's advantage, as jackals were once thought to kill game which lions appropriated.
jackanapes: a monkey; an ape.-a coxcomb; an impertinent or conceited fellow.
jackass: the male ass; a donkey.-a conceited dolt; a perverse blockhead.
jacket: a short upper garment, extending downward to the hips; a short coat without skirts.-an outer covering for anything, esp. a covering of some nonconducting material such as wood or felt, used to prevent radiation of heat, as from a steam boiler, cylinder, pipe, etc.-in ordnance, a strengthening band surrounding and reenforcing the tube in which the charge is fired.-a garment resembling a waistcoat lined with cork, to serve as a life preserver; -- called also cork jacket.-to put a jacket on; to furnish, as a boiler, with a jacket.-to thrash; to beat.
jackman: one wearing a jack; a horse soldier; a retainer. see 3d jack, n.-a cream cheese.
jackscrew: a jack in which a screw is used for lifting, or exerting pressure. see illust. of 2d jack, n., 5.
jacksmith: a smith who makes jacks. see 2d jack, 4, c.
jacksnipe: a small european snipe (limnocryptes gallinula); -- called also judcock, jedcock, juddock, jed, and half snipe.-a small american sandpiper (tringa maculata); -- called also pectoral sandpiper, and grass snipe.
jackstay: a rail of wood or iron stretching along a yard of a vessel, to which the sails are fastened.
jackstone: one of the pebbles or pieces used in the game of jackstones.-a game played with five small stones or pieces of metal. see 6th chuck.
jackstraw: an effigy stuffed with straw; a scarecrow; hence, a man without property or influence.-one of a set of straws of strips of ivory, bone, wood, etc., for playing a child's game, the jackstraws being thrown confusedly together on a table, to be gathered up singly by a hooked instrument, without touching or disturbing the rest of the pile. see spilikin.
jackwood: wood of the jack (artocarpus integrifolia), used in cabinetwork.
jacob: a hebrew patriarch (son of isaac, and ancestor of the jews), who in a vision saw a ladder reaching up to heaven (gen. xxviii. 12); -- also called israel.
jacobaean lily: a bulbous plant  (amaryllis, / sprekelia, formosissima) from mexico. it bears a single, large, deep, red, lilylike flower.
jacobian: of or pertaining to a style of architecture and decoration in the time of james the first, of england.