AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-english-full-a-to-z huggingface dataset:
iris: the goddess of the rainbow, and swift-footed messenger of the gods.-the rainbow.-an appearance resembling the rainbow; a prismatic play of colors.-the contractile membrane perforated by the pupil, and forming the colored portion of the eye. see eye.-a genus of plants having showy flowers and bulbous or tuberous roots, of which the flower-de-luce (fleur-de-lis), orris, and other species of flag are examples. see illust. of flower-de-luce.-see fleur-de-lis, 2.
iriscope: a philosophical toy for exhibiting the prismatic tints by means of thin films.
irish: of or pertaining to ireland or to its inhabitants; produced in ireland.-the natives or inhabitants of ireland, esp. the celtic natives or their descendants.-the language of the irish; the hiberno-celtic.-an old game resembling backgammon.
irk: to weary; to give pain; to annoy; -- used only impersonally at present.
irksome: wearisome; tedious; disagreeable or troublesome by reason of long continuance or repetition; as, irksome hours; irksome tasks.-weary; vexed; uneasy.
iron: the most common and most useful metallic element, being of almost universal occurrence, usually in the form of an oxide (as hematite, magnetite, etc.), or a hydrous oxide (as limonite, turgite, etc.). it is reduced on an enormous scale in three principal forms; viz., cast iron, steel, and wrought iron. iron usually appears dark brown, from oxidation or impurity, but when pure, or on a fresh surface, is a gray or white metal. it is easily oxidized (rusted) by moisture, and is attacked by many corrosive agents. symbol fe (latin ferrum). atomic weight 55.9. specific gravity, pure iron, 7.86; cast iron, 7.1. in magnetic properties, it is superior to all other substances.-an instrument or utensil made of iron; -- chiefly in composition; as, a flatiron, a smoothing iron, etc.-fetters; chains; handcuffs; manacles.-strength; power; firmness; inflexibility; as, to rule with a rod of iron.-of, or made of iron; consisting of iron; as, an iron bar, dust.-resembling iron in color; as, iron blackness.-like iron in hardness, strength, impenetrability, power of endurance, insensibility, etc.;-rude; hard; harsh; severe.-firm; robust; enduring; as, an iron constitution.-inflexible; unrelenting; as, an iron will.-not to be broken; holding or binding fast; tenacious.-to smooth with an instrument of iron; especially, to smooth, as cloth, with a heated flatiron; -- sometimes used with out.-to shackle with irons; to fetter or handcuff.-to furnish or arm with iron; as, to iron a wagon.
iron-gray: of a gray color, somewhat resembling that of iron freshly broken.-an iron-gray color; also, a horse of this color.
iron-hearted: hard-hearted; unfeeling; cruel; as, an iron-hearted master.
iron-sick: having the ironwork loose or corroded; -- said of a ship when her bolts and nails are so eaten with rust that she has become leaky.
ironbark tree: the australian eucalyptus sideroxylon, used largely by carpenters and shipbuilders; -- called also ironwood.
ironbound: bound as with iron; rugged; as, an ironbound coast.-rigid; unyielding; as, ironbound traditions.
ironclad: clad in iron; protected or covered with iron, as a vessel for naval warfare.-rigorous; severe; exacting; as, an ironclad oath or pledge.-a naval vessel having the parts above water covered and protected by iron or steel usually in large plates closely joined and made sufficiently thick and strong to resist heavy shot.
ironheads: a european composite herb (centaurea nigra); -- so called from the resemblance of its knobbed head to an iron ball fixed on a long handle.
ironical: pertaining to irony; containing, expressing, or characterized by, irony; as, an ironical remark.-addicted to the use of irony; given to irony.
ironing: of iron-the act or process of smoothing, as clothes, with hot flatirons.-the clothes ironed.
ironsides: a cuirassier or cuirassiers; also, hardy veteran soldiers; -- applied specifically to cromwell's cavalry.
ironsmith: a worker in iron; one who makes and repairs utensils of iron; a blacksmith.-an east indian barbet (megalaima faber), inhabiting the island of hainan. the name alludes to its note, which resembles the sounds made by a smith.
ironweed: a tall weed with purplish flowers (vernonia noveboracensis). the name is also applied to other plants of the same genus.
ironwork: anything made of iron; -- a general name of such parts or pieces of a building, vessel, carriage, etc., as consist of iron.
ironwort: an herb of the mint family (sideritis), supposed to heal sword cuts; also, a species of galeopsis.
irony: made or consisting of iron; partaking of iron; iron; as, irony chains; irony particles.-resembling iron taste, hardness, or other physical property.-dissimulation; ignorance feigned for the purpose of confounding or provoking an antagonist.-a sort of humor, ridicule, or light sarcasm, which adopts a mode of speech the meaning of which is contrary to the literal sense of the words.
iroquois: a powerful and warlike confederacy of indian tribes, formerly inhabiting central new york and constituting most of the five nations. also, any indian of the iroquois tribes.
irradiancy: the act of irradiating; emission of rays of light.-that which irradiates or is irradiated; luster; splendor; irradiation; brilliancy.
irradiate: to throw rays of light upon; to illuminate; to brighten; to adorn with luster.-to enlighten intellectually; to illuminate; as, to irradiate the mind.-to animate by heat or light.-to radiate, shed, or diffuse.-to emit rays; to shine.-illuminated; irradiated.
irradiation: act of irradiating, or state of being irradiated.-illumination; irradiance; brilliancy.-fig.: mental light or illumination.-the apparent enlargement of a bright object seen upon a dark ground, due to the fact that the portions of the retina around the image are stimulated by the intense light; as when a dark spot on a white ground appears smaller, or a white spot on a dark ground larger, than it really is, esp. when a little out of focus.
irrational: not rational; void of reason or understanding; as, brutes are irrational animals.-not according to reason; absurd; foolish.-not capable of being exactly expressed by an integral number, or by a vulgar fraction; surd; -- said especially of roots. see surd.
irreconcilability: the quality or state of being irreconcilable; irreconcilableness.
irreconcilable: not reconcilable; implacable; incompatible; inconsistent; disagreeing; as, irreconcilable enemies, statements.
irrecoverable: not capable of being recovered, regained, or remedied; irreparable; as, an irrecoverable loss, debt, or injury.
irredeemability: the state or quality of being irredeemable; irredeemableness.
irredeemable: not redeemable; that can not be redeemed; not payable in gold or silver, as a bond; -- used especially of such government notes, issued as currency, as are not convertible into coin at the pleasure of the holder.
irreducible: incapable of being reduced, or brought into a different state; incapable of restoration to its proper or normal condition; as, an irreducible hernia.-incapable of being reduced to a simpler form of expression; as, an irreducible formula.
irrefragability: the quality or state of being irrefragable; incapability of being refuted.
irrefragable: not refragable; not to be gainsaid or denied; not to be refuted or overthrown; unanswerable; incontestable; undeniable; as, an irrefragable argument; irrefragable evidence.
irrefrangibility: the quality or state of being irrefrangible; irrefrangibleness.
irrefrangible: not refrangible; that can not be refracted in passing from one medium to another.
irregular: not regular; not conforming to a law, method, or usage recognized as the general rule; not according to common form; not conformable to nature, to the rules of moral rectitude, or to established principles; not normal; unnatural; immethodical; unsymmetrical; erratic; no straight; not uniform; as, an irregular line; an irregular figure; an irregular verse; an irregular physician; an irregular proceeding; irregular motion; irregular conduct, etc.  cf. regular.-one who is not regular; especially, a soldier not in regular service.
irrelavancy: the quality or state of being irrelevant; as, the irrelevancy of an argument.
irrelavant: not relevant; not applicable or pertinent; not bearing upon or serving to support; foreign; extraneous; as, testimony or arguments irrelevant to a case.
irreligious: destitute of religion; not controlled by religious motives or principles; ungodly.  cf. impious.-indicating a want of religion; profane; wicked; as, irreligious speech.
irremediable: not to be remedied, corrected, or redressed; incurable; as, an irremediable disease or evil.
irremediably: in a manner, or to a degree, that precludes remedy, cure, or correction.
irremissible: not remissible; unpardonable; as, irremissible crimes.
irremobability: the quality or state of being irremovable; immovableness.
irreparable: not reparable; not capable of being repaired, recovered, regained, or remedied; irretrievable; irremediable; as, an irreparable breach; an irreparable loss.
irrepealable: not repealable; not capable of being repealed or revoked, as a law.
irrepressible: not capable of being repressed, restrained, or controlled; as, irrepressible joy; an irrepressible conflict.
irreproachable: not reproachable; above reproach; not deserving reproach; blameless.
irreproachableness: the quality or state of being irreproachable; integrity; innocence.
irreprovable: incapable of being justly reproved; irreproachable; blameless; upright.
irresistibility: the quality or state of being irrestible, irresistibleness.
irresistible: that can not be successfully resisted or opposed; superior to opposition; resistless; overpowering; as, an irresistible attraction.
irresoluble: incapable of being dissolved or resolved into parts; insoluble.-incapable of being relieved or assisted.
irresolute: not resolute; not decided or determined; wavering; given to doubt or irresolution.
irresolution: want of resolution; want of decision in purpose; a fluctuation of mind, as in doubt, or between hope and fear; irresoluteness; indecision; vacillation.
irresolvableness: the quality or state of being irresolvable; irresolvability.
irrespective: without regard for conditions, circumstances, or consequences; unbiased; independent; impartial; as, an irrespective judgment.-disrespectful.
irrespirable: unfit for respiration; not having the qualities necessary to support animal life; as, irrespirable air.
irresponsible: nor responsible; not liable or able to answer fro consequences; innocent.-not to be trusted; unreliable.
irretrievable: not retrievable; irrecoverable; irreparable; as, an irretrievable loss.
irreverence: the state or quality of being irreverent; want of proper reverence; disregard of the authority and character of a superior.
irreverent: not reverent; showing a want of reverence; expressive of a want of veneration; as, an irreverent babbler; an irreverent jest.
irreversible: incapable of being reversed or turned about or back; incapable of being made to run backward; as, an irreversible engine.-incapable of being reversed, recalled, repealed, or annulled; as, an irreversible sentence or decree.
irrevocability: the state or quality of being irrevocable; irrevocableness.
irrevocable: incapable of being recalled or revoked; unchangeable; irreversible; unalterable; as, an irrevocable promise or decree; irrevocable fate.
irrigate: to water; to wet; to moisten with running or dropping water; to bedew.-to water, as land, by causing a stream to flow upon, over, or through it, as in artificial channels.
irrigation: the act or process of irrigating, or the state of being irrigated; especially, the operation of causing water to flow over lands, for nourishing plants.
irriguous: watered; watery; moist; dewy.-gently penetrating or pervading.
irritability: the state or quality of being irritable; quick excitability; petulance; fretfulness; as, irritability of temper.-a natural susceptibility, characteristic of all living organisms, tissues, and cells, to the influence of certain stimuli, response being manifested in a variety of ways, -- as that quality in plants by which they exhibit motion under suitable stimulation; esp., the property which living muscle processes, of responding either to a direct stimulus of its substance, or to the stimulating influence of its nerve fibers, the response being indicated by a change of form, or contraction; contractility.-a condition of morbid excitability of an organ or part of the body; undue susceptibility to the influence of stimuli. see irritation, n., 3.
irritable: capable of being irriated.-very susceptible of anger or passion; easily inflamed or exasperated; as, an irritable temper.-endowed with irritability; susceptible of irritation; capable of being excited to action by the application of certain stimuli.-susceptible of irritation; unduly sensitive to irritants or stimuli. see irritation, n., 3.
irritancy: the state or quality of being null and void; invalidity; forfeiture.-the state o quality of being irritant or irritating.
irritant: rendering null and void; conditionally invalidating.-irritating; producing irritation or inflammation.-that which irritates or excites.-any agent by which irritation is produced; as, a chemical irritant; a mechanical or electrical irritant.-a poison that produces inflammation.
irritate: to render null and void.-to increase the action or violence of; to heighten excitement in; to intensify; to stimulate.-to excite anger or displeasure in; to provoke; to tease; to exasperate; to annoy; to vex; as, the insolence of a tyrant irritates his subjects.-to produce irritation in; to stimulate; to cause to contract. see irritation, n., 2.-to make morbidly excitable, or oversensitive; to fret; as, the skin is irritated by friction; to irritate a wound by a coarse bandage.-excited; heightened.
irritation: the act of irritating, or exciting, or the state of being irritated; excitement; stimulation, usually of an undue and uncomfortable kind; especially, excitement of anger or passion; provocation; annoyance; anger.-the act of exciting, or the condition of being excited to action, by stimulation; -- as, the condition of an organ of sense, when its nerve is affected by some external body; esp., the act of exciting muscle fibers to contraction, by artificial stimulation; as, the irritation of a motor nerve by electricity; also, the condition of a muscle and nerve, under such stimulation.-a condition of morbid excitability or oversensitiveness of an organ or part of the body; a state in which the application of ordinary stimuli produces pain or excessive or vitiated action.
irritative: serving to excite or irritate; irritating; as, an irritative agent.-accompanied with, or produced by, increased action or irritation; as, an irritative fever.
irrorate: to sprinkle or moisten with dew; to bedew.-covered with minute grains, appearing like fine sand.
irrotational: not rotatory; passing from one point to another by a movement other than rotation; -- said of the movement of parts of a liquid or yielding mass.
irruption: a bursting in; a sudden, violent rushing into a place; as, irruptions of the sea.-a sudden and violent inroad, or entrance of invaders; as, the irruptions of the goths into italy.
irvingite: the common designation of one a sect founded by the rev. edward irving (about 1830), who call themselves the catholic apostolic church. they are highly ritualistic in worship, have an elaborate hierarchy of apostles, prophets, etc., and look for the speedy coming of christ.
is: the third person singular of the substantive verb be, in the indicative mood, present tense; as, he is; he is a man.  see be.
is-: see iso-.-a prefix or combining form, indicating identity, or equality; the same numerical value; as in isopod, isomorphous, isochromatic.-applied to certain compounds having the same composition but different properties; as in isocyanic.-applied to compounds of certain isomeric series in whose structure one carbon atom, at least, is connected with three other carbon atoms; -- contrasted with neo- and normal; as in isoparaffine; isopentane.
isabella moth: a common american moth (pyrrharctia isabella), of an isabella color. the larva, called woolly bear and hedgehog caterpillar, is densely covered with hairs, which are black at each end of the body, and red in the middle part.
isagogics: that part of theological science directly preliminary to actual exegesis, or interpretation of the scriptures.
isatin: an orange-red crystalline substance, c8h5no2, obtained by the oxidation of indigo blue. it is also produced from certain derivatives of benzoic acid, and is one important source of artificial indigo.
isatinic: pertaining to, or derived from, isatin; as, isatic acid, which is also called trioxindol.
isatis: a genus of herbs, some species of which, especially the isatis tinctoria, yield a blue dye similar to indigo; woad.
isatogen: a complex nitrogenous radical, c8h4no2, regarded as the essential residue of a series of compounds, related to isatin, which easily pass by reduction to indigo blue.
isatropic: pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from atropine, and isomeric with cinnamic acid.
ischial: of or pertaining to the ischium or hip; ischiac; ischiadic; ischiatic.
ischiocapsular: of or pertaining to the ischium and the capsule of the hip joint; as, the ischiocapsular ligament.
ischiorectal: of or pertaining to the region between the rectum and ishial tuberosity.
ischium: the ventral and posterior of the three principal bones composing either half of the pelvis; seat bone; the huckle bone.-one of the pleurae of insects.
ischuretic: having the quality of relieving ischury.-an ischuretic medicine.
isethionic: pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid, ho.c2h4.so3h, obtained as an oily or crystalline substance, by the action of sulphur trioxide on alcohol or ether. it is derivative of sulphuric acid.
ishmaelite: a descendant of ishmael (the son of abraham and hagar), of whom it was said, "his hand will be against every man, and every man's hand against him."-one at enmity with society; a wanderer; a vagabond; an outcast.-see ismaelian.
ishmaelitish: of, pertaining to, or resembling, an ishmaelite or the ishmaelites.
isidorian: pertaining, or ascribed, to isidore; as, the isidorian decretals, a spurious collection of decretals published in the ninth century.
isinglass: a semitransparent, whitish, and very pure from of gelatin, chiefly prepared from the sounds or air bladders of various species of sturgeons (as the acipenser huso) found in the of western russia. it used for making jellies, as a clarifier, etc. cheaper forms of gelatin are not unfrequently so called. called also fish glue.-a popular name for mica, especially when in thin sheets.
isis: the principal goddess worshiped by the egyptians. she was regarded as the mother of horus, and the sister and wife of osiris. the egyptians adored her as the goddess of fecundity, and as the great benefactress of their country, who instructed their ancestors in the art of agriculture.-any coral of the genus isis, or family isidae, composed of joints of white, stony coral, alternating with flexible, horny joints. see gorgoniacea.-one of the asteroids.
islam: the religion of the mohammedans; mohammedanism; islamism. their formula of faith is: there is no god but allah, and mohammed is his prophet.-the whole body of mohammedans, or the countries which they occupy.
islamism: the faith, doctrines, or religious system of the mohammedans; mohammedanism; islam.
island: a tract of land surrounded by water, and smaller than a continent.  cf. continent.-anything regarded as resembling an island; as, an island of ice.-see isle, n., 2.-to cause to become or to resemble an island; to make an island or islands of; to isle.-to furnish with an island or with islands; as, to island the deep.
isle: see aisle.-an island.-a spot within another of a different color, as upon the wings of some insects.-to cause to become an island, or like an island; to surround or encompass; to island.
ismaelite: one of a sect of mohammedans who favored the pretensions of the family of mohammed ben ismael, of the house ali.
isobar: a line connecting or marking places upon the surface of the earth where height of the barometer reduced to sea level is the same either at a given time, or for a certain period (mean height), as for a year; an isopiestic line.-the quality or state of being equal in weight, especially in atmospheric pressure. also, the theory, method, or application of isobaric science.
isobaric: denoting equal pressure; as, an isobaric line; specifically, of or pertaining to isobars.
isobathytherm: a line connecting the points on the surface of the earth where a certain temperature is found at the same depth.
isobathythermic: of or pertaining to an isobathytherm; possessing or indicating the same temperature at the same depth.
isocephalism: a peculiarity in the design of bas-relief by which the heads of human figures are kept at the same height from the ground, whether the personages are seated, standing, or mounted on horseback; -- called also isokephaleia.
isochasm: a line connecting places on the earth's surface at which there is the same mean frequency of auroras.
isocheim: a line connecting places on the earth having the same mean winter temperature.  cf. isothere.
isochimal: pertaining to, having the nature of, or making, isocheims; as, an isocheimal line; an isocheimal chart.
isochromatic: having the same color; connecting parts having the same color, as lines drawn through certain points in experiments on the chromatic effects of polarized light in crystals.
isochronal: uniform in time; of equal time; performed in equal times; recurring at regular intervals; isochronal vibrations or oscillations.
isochroous: having the same tint or color throughout; uniformly or evenly colored.
isoclinic: of or pertaining to, or indicating, equality of inclination or dip; having equal inclination or dip.
isocrymal: pertaining to, having the nature of, or illustrating, an isocryme; as, an isocrymal line; an isocrymal chart.
isocryme: a line connecting points on the earth's surface having the same mean temperature in the coldest month of the year.
isocyanuric: designating, or pertaining to, an acid isomeric with cyanuric acid, and called also fulminuric acid. see under fulminuric.
isodiabatic: pertaining to the reception or the giving out of equal quantities of heat by a substance.
isodiametric: developed alike in the directions of the several lateral axes; -- said of crystals of both the tetragonal and hexagonal systems.-having the several diameters nearly equal; -- said of the cells of ordinary parenchyma.
isodimorphism: isomorphism between the two forms severally of two dimorphous substances.
isodulcite: a white, crystalline, sugarlike substance, obtained by the decomposition of certain glucosides, and intermediate in nature between the hexacid alcohols (ductile, mannite, etc.) and the glucoses.
isogeotherm: a line or curved surface passing beneath the earth's surface through points having the same mean temperature.
isogeothermic: pertaining to, having the nature of, or marking, isogeotherms; as, an isogeothermal line or surface; as isogeothermal chart.-an isogeotherm.
isogonic: pertaining to, or noting, equal angles.-characterized by isogonism.
isogonism: the quality of having similar sexual zooids or gonophores and dissimilar hydrants; -- said of certain hydroids.
isohyetose: of or pertaining to lines connecting places on the earth's surface which have a mean annual rainfall.-an isohyetose line.
isolable: capable of being isolated, or of being obtained in a pure state; as, gold is isolable.
isolate: to place in a detached situation; to place by itself or alone; to insulate; to separate from others.-to insulate. see insulate.-to separate from all foreign substances; to make pure; to obtain in a free state.
isolation: the act of isolating, or the state of being isolated; insulation; separation; loneliness.