AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-english-full-a-to-z huggingface dataset:
brachydiagonal: pertaining to the shorter diagonal, as of a rhombic prism.-the shorter of the diagonals in a rhombic prism.
brachypinacoid: a plane of an orthorhombic crystal which is parallel both to the vertical axis and to the shorter lateral (brachydiagonal) axis.
brachypteres: a group of birds, including auks, divers, and penguins.
brachystochrone: a curve, in which a body, starting from a given point, and descending solely by the force of gravity, will reach another given point in a shorter time than it could by any other path. this curve of quickest descent, as it is sometimes called, is, in a vacuum, the same as the cycloid.
brachyura: a group of decapod crustacea, including the common crabs, characterized by a small and short abdomen, which is bent up beneath the large cephalo-thorax. [also spelt brachyoura.] see crab, and illustration in appendix.
bracing: of brace-imparting strength or tone; strengthening; invigorating; as, a bracing north wind.-the act of strengthening, supporting, or propping, with a brace or braces; the state of being braced.-any system of braces; braces, collectively; as, the bracing of a truss.
brack: an opening caused by the parting of any solid body; a crack or breach; a flaw.-salt or brackish water.
bracket: an architectural member, plain or ornamental, projecting from a wall or pier, to support weight falling outside of the same; also, a decorative feature seeming to discharge such an office.-a piece or combination of pieces, usually triangular in general shape, projecting from, or fastened to, a wall, or other surface, to support heavy bodies or to strengthen angles.-a shot, crooked timber, resembling a knee, used as a support.-the cheek or side of an ordnance carriage.-one of two characters [], used to inclose a reference, explanation, or note, or a part to be excluded from a sentence, to indicate an interpolation, to rectify a mistake, or to supply an omission, and for certain other purposes; -- called also crotchet.-a gas fixture or lamp holder projecting from the face of a wall, column, or the like.-to place within brackets; to connect by brackets; to furnish with brackets.
bract: a leaf, usually smaller than the true leaves of a plant, from the axil of which a flower stalk arises.-any modified leaf, or scale, on a flower stalk or at the base of a flower.
bractlet: a bract on the stalk of a single flower, which is itself on a main stalk that support several flowers.
brad: a thin nail, usually small, with a slight projection at the top on one side instead of a head; also, a small wire nail, with a flat circular head; sometimes, a small, tapering, square-bodied finishing nail, with a countersunk head.
brad awl: a straight awl with chisel edge, used to make holes for brads, etc.
brag: to talk about one's self, or things pertaining to one's self, in a manner intended to excite admiration, envy, or wonder; to talk boastfully; to boast; -- often followed by of; as, to brag of one's exploits, courage, or money, or of the great things one intends to do.-to boast of.-a boast or boasting; bragging; ostentatious pretense or self glorification.-the thing which is boasted of.-a game at cards similar to bluff.-brisk; full of spirits; boasting; pretentious; conceited.-proudly; boastfully.
braggadocio: a braggart; a boaster; a swaggerer.-empty boasting; mere brag; pretension.
bragget: a liquor made of ale and honey fermented, with spices, etc.
brahma: the one first cause; also, one of the triad of hindoo gods. the triad consists of brahma, the creator, vishnu, the preserver, and siva, the destroyer.-a valuable variety of large, domestic fowl, peculiar in having the comb divided lengthwise into three parts, and the legs well feathered. there are two breeds, the dark or penciled, and the light; -- called also brahmapootra.
brahminism: the religion or system of doctrines of the brahmans; the religion of brahma.
braid: to weave, interlace, or entwine together, as three or more strands or threads; to form into a braid; to plait.-to mingle, or to bring to a uniformly soft consistence, by beating, rubbing, or straining, as in some culinary operations.-to reproach. [obs.] see upbraid.-a plait, band, or narrow fabric formed by intertwining or weaving together different strands.-a narrow fabric, as of wool, silk, or linen, used for binding, trimming, or ornamenting dresses, etc.-a quick motion; a start.-a fancy; freak; caprice.-to start; to awake.-deceitful.
braiding: of braid-the act of making or using braids.-braids, collectively; trimming.
brail: a thong of soft leather to bind up a hawk's wing.-ropes passing through pulleys, and used to haul in or up the leeches, bottoms, or corners of sails, preparatory to furling.-a stock at each end of a seine to keep it stretched.-to haul up by the brails; -- used with up; as, to brail up a sail.
brain: the whitish mass of soft matter (the center of the nervous system, and the seat of consciousness and volition) which is inclosed in the cartilaginous or bony cranium of vertebrate animals. it is simply the anterior termination of the spinal cord, and is developed from three embryonic vesicles, whose cavities are connected with the central canal of the cord; the cavities of the vesicles become the central cavities, or ventricles, and the walls thicken unequally and become the three segments, the fore-, mid-, and hind-brain.-the anterior or cephalic ganglion in insects and other invertebrates.-the organ or seat of intellect; hence, the understanding.-the affections; fancy; imagination.-to dash out the brains of; to kill by beating out the brains. hence, fig.: to destroy; to put an end to; to defeat.-to conceive; to understand.
braise: alt. of braize-alt. of braize-to stew or broil in a covered kettle or pan.
braize: a european marine fish (pagrus vulgaris) allied to the american scup; the becker. the name is sometimes applied to the related species.-charcoal powder; breeze.-braised meat.-see braise.
brake: imp. of break.-a fern of the genus pteris, esp. the p. aquilina, common in almost all countries. it has solitary stems dividing into three principal branches. less properly: any fern.-a thicket; a place overgrown with shrubs and brambles, with undergrowth and ferns, or with canes.-an instrument or machine to break or bruise the woody part of flax or hemp so that it may be separated from the fiber.-an extended handle by means of which a number of men can unite in working a pump, as in a fire engine.-a baker's kneading though.-a sharp bit or snaffle.-a frame for confining a refractory horse while the smith is shoeing him; also, an inclosure to restrain cattle, horses, etc.-that part of a carriage, as of a movable battery, or engine, which enables it to turn.-an ancient engine of war analogous to the crossbow and ballista.-a large, heavy harrow for breaking clods after plowing; a drag.-a piece of mechanism for retarding or stopping motion by friction, as of a carriage or railway car, by the pressure of rubbers against the wheels, or of clogs or ratchets against the track or roadway, or of a pivoted lever against a wheel or drum in a machine.-an apparatus for testing the power of a steam engine, or other motor, by weighing the amount of friction that the motor will overcome; a friction brake.-a cart or carriage without a body, used in breaking in horses.-an ancient instrument of torture.-of break
brakeman: a man in charge of a brake or brakes.-the man in charge of the winding (or hoisting) engine for a mine.
braky: full of brakes; abounding with brambles, shrubs, or ferns; rough; thorny.
bramah press: a hydrostatic press of immense power, invented by joseph bramah of london. see under hydrostatic.
bramble: any plant of the genus rubus, including the raspberry and blackberry. hence: any rough, prickly shrub.-the brambling or bramble finch.
brambling: the european mountain finch (fringilla montifringilla); -- called also bramble finch and bramble.
bran: the broken coat of the seed of wheat, rye, or other cereal grain, separated from the flour or meal by sifting or bolting; the coarse, chaffy part of ground grain.-the european carrion crow.
branch: a shoot or secondary stem growing from the main stem, or from a principal limb or bough of a tree or other plant.-any division extending like a branch; any arm or part connected with the main body of thing; ramification; as, the branch of an antler; the branch of a chandelier; a branch of a river; a branch of a railway.-any member or part of a body or system; a distinct article; a section or subdivision; a department.-one of the portions of a curve that extends outwards to an indefinitely great distance; as, the branches of an hyperbola.-a line of family descent, in distinction from some other line or lines from the same stock; any descendant in such a line; as, the english branch of a family.-a warrant or commission given to a pilot, authorizing him to pilot vessels in certain waters.-diverging from, or tributary to, a main stock, line, way, theme, etc.; as, a branch vein; a branch road or line; a branch topic; a branch store.-to shoot or spread in branches; to separate into branches; to ramify.-to divide into separate parts or subdivision.-to divide as into branches; to make subordinate division in.-to adorn with needlework representing branches, flowers, or twigs.
branch pilot: a pilot who has a branch or commission, as from trinity house, england, for special navigation.
brancher: that which shoots forth branches; one who shows growth in various directions.-a young hawk when it begins to leave the nest and take to the branches.
branchia: a gill; a respiratory organ for breathing the air contained in water, such as many aquatic and semiaquatic animals have.
branchiferous: having gills; branchiate; as, branchiferous gastropods.
branching: of branch-furnished with branches; shooting our branches; extending in a branch or branches.-the act or state of separation into branches; division into branches; a division or branch.
branchiogastropoda: those gastropoda that breathe by branchiae, including the prosobranchiata and opisthobranchiata.
branchiopoda: an order of entomostraca; -- so named from the feet of branchiopods having been supposed to perform the function of gills. it includes the fresh-water genera branchipus, apus, and limnadia, and the genus artemia found in salt lakes. it is also called phyllopoda. see phyllopoda, cladocera. it is sometimes used in a broader sense.
branchiostegal: pertaining to the membrane covering the gills of fishes.-a branchiostegal ray. see illustration of branchial arches in appendix.
branchiura: a group of entomostraca, with suctorial mouths, including species parasitic on fishes, as the carp lice (argulus).
branchless: destitute of branches or shoots; without any valuable product; barren; naked.
brand: a burning piece of wood; or a stick or piece of wood partly burnt, whether burning or after the fire is extinct.-a sword, so called from its glittering or flashing brightness.-a mark made by burning with a hot iron, as upon a cask, to designate the quality, manufacturer, etc., of the contents, or upon an animal, to designate ownership; -- also, a mark for a similar purpose made in any other way, as with a stencil. hence, figurately: quality; kind; grade; as, a good brand of flour.-a mark put upon criminals with a hot iron. hence: any mark of infamy or vice; a stigma.-an instrument to brand with; a branding iron.-any minute fungus which produces a burnt appearance in plants. the brands are of many species and several genera of the order pucciniaei.-to burn a distinctive mark into or upon with a hot iron, to indicate quality, ownership, etc., or to mark as infamous (as a convict).-to put an actual distinctive mark upon in any other way, as with a stencil, to show quality of contents, name of manufacture, etc.-fig.: to fix a mark of infamy, or a stigma, upon.-to mark or impress indelibly, as with a hot iron.
brand goose: a species of wild goose (branta bernicla) usually called in america brant. see brant.
brand iron: a branding iron.-a trivet to set a pot on.-the horizontal bar of an andiron.
brand spore: one of several spores growing in a series or chain, and produced by one of the fungi called brand.
brander: one who, or that which, brands; a branding iron.-a gridiron.
brandied: mingled with brandy; made stronger by the addition of brandy; flavored or treated with brandy; as, brandied peaches.
brandish: to move or wave, as a weapon; to raise and move in various directions; to shake or flourish.-to play with; to flourish; as, to brandish syllogisms.-a flourish, as with a weapon, whip, etc.
brandy: a strong alcoholic liquor distilled from wine. the name is also given to spirit distilled from other liquors, and in the united states to that distilled from cider and peaches. in northern europe, it is also applied to a spirit obtained from grain.
brangle: a wrangle; a squabble; a noisy contest or dispute.-to wrangle; to dispute contentiously; to squabble.
brank: buckwheat.-alt. of branks-to hold up and toss the head; -- applied to horses as spurning the bit.-to prance; to caper.
branks: a sort of bridle with wooden side pieces.-a scolding bridle, an instrument formerly used for correcting scolding women. it was an iron frame surrounding the head and having a triangular piece entering the mouth of the scold.
branlin: a young salmon or parr, in the stage in which it has transverse black bands, as if burned by a gridiron.-a small red worm or larva, used as bait for small fresh-water fish; -- so called from its red color.
brant: a species of wild goose (branta bernicla) -- called also brent and brand goose. the name is also applied to other related species.-steep.-steep; high.-smooth; unwrinkled.
brant-fox: a kind of fox found in sweden (vulpes alopex), smaller than the common fox (v. vulgaris), but probably a variety of it.
brash: hasty in temper; impetuous.-brittle, as wood or vegetables.-a rash or eruption; a sudden or transient fit of sickness.-refuse boughs of trees; also, the clippings of hedges.-broken and angular fragments of rocks underlying alluvial deposits.-broken fragments of ice.
brass: an alloy (usually yellow) of copper and zinc, in variable proportion, but often containing two parts of copper to one part of zinc. it sometimes contains tin, and rarely other metals.-a journal bearing, so called because frequently made of brass. a brass is often lined with a softer metal, when the latter is generally called a white metal lining. see axle box, journal box, and bearing.-coin made of copper, brass, or bronze.-impudence; a brazen face.-utensils, ornaments, or other articles of brass.-a brass plate engraved with a figure or device. specifically, one used as a memorial to the dead, and generally having the portrait, coat of arms, etc.-lumps of pyrites or sulphuret of iron, the color of which is near to that of brass.
brassage: a sum formerly levied to pay the expense of coinage; -- now called seigniorage.
brassart: armor for the arm; -- generally used for the whole arm from the shoulder to the wrist, and consisting, in the 15th and 16th centuries, of many parts.
brassica: a genus of plants embracing several species and varieties differing much in appearance and qualities: such as the common cabbage (b. oleracea), broccoli, cauliflowers, etc.; the wild turnip (b. campestris); the common turnip (b. rapa); the rape or coleseed (b. napus), etc.
brassicaceous: related to, or resembling, the cabbage, or plants of the cabbage family.
brassy: of or pertaining to brass; having the nature, appearance, or hardness, of brass.-impudent; impudently bold.
brat: a coarse garment or cloak; also, coarse clothing, in general.-a coarse kind of apron for keeping the clothes clean; a bib.-a child; an offspring; -- formerly used in a good sense, but now usually in a contemptuous sense.-the young of an animal.-a thin bed of coal mixed with pyrites or carbonate of lime.
brattice: a wall of separation in a shaft or gallery used for ventilation.-planking to support a roof or wall.
brattishing: see brattice, n.-carved openwork, as of a shrine, battlement, or parapet.
braunite: a native oxide of manganese, of dark brownish black color. it was named from a mr. braun of gotha.
brave: bold; courageous; daring; intrepid; -- opposed to cowardly; as, a brave man; a brave act.-having any sort of superiority or excellence; -- especially such as in conspicuous.-making a fine show or display.-a brave person; one who is daring.-specifically, an indian warrior.-a man daring beyond discretion; a bully.-a challenge; a defiance; bravado.-to encounter with courage and fortitude; to set at defiance; to defy; to dare.-to adorn; to make fine or showy.
bravely: in a brave manner; courageously; gallantly; valiantly; splendidly; nobly.-finely; gaudily; gayly; showily.-well; thrivingly; prosperously.
bravery: the quality of being brave; fearless; intrepidity.-the act of braving; defiance; bravado.-splendor; magnificence; showy appearance; ostentation; fine dress.-a showy person; a fine gentleman; a beau.
bravo: a daring villain; a bandit; one who sets law at defiance; a professional assassin or murderer.-well done! excellent! an exclamation expressive of applause.
bravura: a florid, brilliant style of music, written for effect, to show the range and flexibility of a singer's voice, or the technical force and skill of a performer; virtuoso music.
brawl: to quarrel noisily and outrageously.-to complain loudly; to scold.-to make a loud confused noise, as the water of a rapid stream running over stones.-a noisy quarrel; loud, angry contention; a wrangle; a tumult; as, a drunken brawl.
brawling: of brawl-quarreling; quarrelsome; noisy.-making a loud confused noise. see brawl, v. i., 3.
brawn: a muscle; flesh.-full, strong muscles, esp. of the arm or leg, muscular strength; a protuberant muscular part of the body; sometimes, the arm.-the flesh of a boar; also, the salted and prepared flesh of a boar.-a boar.
braxy: a disease of sheep. the term is variously applied in different localities.-a diseased sheep, or its mutton.
bray: to pound, beat, rub, or grind small or fine.-to utter a loud, harsh cry, as an ass.-to make a harsh, grating, or discordant noise.-to make or utter with a loud, discordant, or harsh and grating sound.-the harsh cry of an ass; also, any harsh, grating, or discordant sound.-a bank; the slope of a hill; a hill. see brae, which is now the usual spelling.
brayer: an implement for braying and spreading ink in hand printing.-one that brays like an ass.
braze: to solder with hard solder, esp. with an alloy of copper and zinc; as, to braze the seams of a copper pipe.-to harden.-to cover or ornament with brass.
brazen: pertaining to, made of, or resembling, brass.-sounding harsh and loud, like resounding brass.-impudent; immodest; shameless; having a front like brass; as, a brazen countenance.-to carry through impudently or shamelessly; as, to brazen the matter through.
brazier: an artificer who works in brass.-a pan for holding burning coals.-same as brasier.
brazil nut: an oily, three-sided nut, the seed of the bertholletia excelsa; the cream nut.
brazil wood: the wood of the oriental caesalpinia sapan; -- so called before the discovery of america.-a very heavy wood of a reddish color, imported from brazil and other tropical countries, for cabinet-work, and for dyeing. the best is the heartwood of caesalpinia echinata, a leguminous tree; but other trees also yield it. an inferior sort comes from jamaica, the timber of c. braziliensis and c. crista. this is often distinguished as braziletto , but the better kind is also frequently so named.
brazilin: a substance contained in both brazil wood and sapan wood, from which it is extracted as a yellow crystalline substance which is white when pure. it is colored intensely red by alkalies.
breach: the act of breaking, in a figurative sense.-specifically: a breaking or infraction of a law, or of any obligation or tie; violation; non-fulfillment; as, a breach of contract; a breach of promise.-a gap or opening made made by breaking or battering, as in a wall or fortification; the space between the parts of a solid body rent by violence; a break; a rupture.-a breaking of waters, as over a vessel; the waters themselves; surge; surf.-a breaking up of amicable relations; rupture.-a bruise; a wound.-a hernia; a rupture.-a breaking out upon; an assault.-to make a breach or opening in; as, to breach the walls of a city.-to break the water, as by leaping out; -- said of a whale.
breachy: apt to break fences or to break out of pasture; unruly; as, breachy cattle.
bread: to spread.-an article of food made from flour or meal by moistening, kneading, and baking.-food; sustenance; support of life, in general.-to cover with bread crumbs, preparatory to cooking; as, breaded cutlets.
breadcorn: corn of grain of which bread is made, as wheat, rye, etc.
breadfruit: the fruit of a tree (artocarpus incisa)  found in the islands of the pacific, esp. the south sea islands. it is of a roundish form, from four to six or seven inches in diameter, and, when baked, somewhat resembles bread, and is eaten as food, whence the name.-the tree itself, which is one of considerable size, with large, lobed leaves. cloth is made from the bark, and the timber is used for many purposes. called also breadfruit tree and bread tree.
breadroot: the root of a leguminous plant (psoralea esculenta), found near the rocky mountains. it is usually oval in form, and abounds in farinaceous matter, affording sweet and palatable food.
breadth: distance from side to side of any surface or thing; measure across, or at right angles to the length; width.
breadthwinner: the member of a family whose labor supplies the food of the family; one who works for his living.
break-up: disruption; a separation and dispersion of the parts or members; as, a break-up of an assembly or dinner party; a break-up of the government.
breakage: the act of breaking; a break; a breaking; also, articles broken.-an allowance or compensation for things broken accidentally, as in transportation or use.
breakdown: the act or result of breaking down, as of a carriage; downfall.-a noisy, rapid, shuffling dance engaged in competitively by a number of persons or pairs in succession, as among the colored people of the southern united states, and so called, perhaps, because the exercise is continued until most of those who take part in it break down.-any rude, noisy dance performed by shuffling the feet, usually by one person at a time.
breaker: one who, or that which, breaks.-specifically: a machine for breaking rocks, or for breaking coal at the mines; also, the building in which such a machine is placed.-a small water cask.-a wave breaking into foam against the shore, or against a sand bank, or a rock or reef near the surface.
breakfast: the first meal in the day, or that which is eaten at the first meal.-a meal after fasting, or food in general.-to break one's fast in the morning; too eat the first meal in the day.-to furnish with breakfast.
breakneck: a fall that breaks the neck.-a steep place endangering the neck.-producing danger of a broken neck; as, breakneck speed.
breakwater: any structure or contrivance, as a mole, or a wall at the mouth of a harbor, to break the force of waves, and afford protection from their violence.
bream: a european fresh-water cyprinoid fish of the genus abramis, little valued as food. several species are known.-an american fresh-water fish, of various species of pomotis and allied genera, which are also called sunfishes and pondfishes. see pondfish.-a marine sparoid fish of the genus pagellus, and allied genera. see sea bream.-to clean, as a ship's bottom of adherent shells, seaweed, etc., by the application of fire and scraping.