AbstractPhil/geometric-vocab-english-full-a-to-z huggingface dataset:
caesarism: a system of government in which unrestricted power is exercised by a single person, to whom, as caesar or emperor, it has been committed by the popular will; imperialism; also, advocacy or support of such a system of government.
caesium: a rare alkaline metal found in mineral water; -- so called from the two characteristic blue lines in its spectrum. it was the first element discovered by spectrum analysis, and is the most strongly basic and electro-positive substance known. symbol cs. atomic weight 132.6.
caesura: a metrical break in a verse, occurring in the middle of a foot and commonly near the middle of the verse; a sense pause in the middle of a foot. also, a long syllable on which the caesural accent rests, or which is used as a foot.
cafe: a coffeehouse; a restaurant; also, a room in a hotel or restaurant where coffee and liquors are served.
caffeine: a white, bitter, crystallizable substance, obtained from coffee. it is identical with the alkaloid theine from tea leaves, and with guaranine from guarana.
cafileh: a caravan of travelers; a military supply train or government caravan; a string of pack horses.
caftan: a garment worn throughout the levant, consisting of a long gown with sleeves reaching below the hands. it is generally fastened by a belt or sash.-to clothe with a caftan.
cage: a box or inclosure, wholly or partly of openwork, in wood or metal, used for confining birds or other animals.-a place of confinement for malefactors-an outer framework of timber, inclosing something within it; as, the cage of a staircase.-a skeleton frame to limit the motion of a loose piece, as a ball valve.-a wirework strainer, used in connection with pumps and pipes.-the box, bucket, or inclosed platform of a lift or elevator; a cagelike structure moving in a shaft.-the drum on which the rope is wound in a hoisting whim.-the catcher's wire mask.-to confine in, or as in, a cage; to shut up or confine.
caged: of cage-confined in, or as in, a cage; like a cage or prison.
cagit: a kind of parrot, of a beautiful green color, found in the philippine islands.
cagmag: a tough old goose; hence, coarse, bad food of any kind.
cagot: one of a race inhabiting the valleys of the pyrenees, who until 1793 were political and social outcasts (christian pariahs). they are supposed to be a remnant of the visigoths.
cahier: a number of sheets of paper put loosely together; esp. one of the successive portions of a work printed in numbers.-a memorial of a body; a report of legislative proceedings, etc.
cahincic: pertaining to, or derived from, cahinca, the native name of a species of brazilian chiococca, perhaps c. racemosa; as, cahincic acid.
caique: a light skiff or rowboat used on the bosporus; also, a levantine vessel of larger size.
cairn: a rounded or conical heap of stones erected by early inhabitants of the british isles, apparently as a sepulchral monument.-a pile of stones heaped up as a landmark, or to arrest attention, as in surveying, or in leaving traces of an exploring party, etc.
cairngormstone: a yellow or smoky brown variety of rock crystal, or crystallized quartz, found esp, in the mountain of cairngorm, in scotland.
caisson: a chest to hold ammunition.-a four-wheeled carriage for conveying ammunition, consisting of two parts, a body and a limber. in light field batteries there is one caisson to each piece, having two ammunition boxes on the body, and one on the limber.-a chest filled with explosive materials, to be laid in the way of an enemy and exploded on his approach.-a water-tight box, of timber or iron within which work is carried on in building foundations or structures below the water level.-a hollow floating box, usually of iron, which serves to close the entrances of docks and basins.-a structure, usually with an air chamber, placed beneath a vessel to lift or float it.-a sunk panel of ceilings or soffits.
caitiff: captive; wretched; unfortunate.-base; wicked and mean; cowardly; despicable.-a captive; a prisoner.-a wretched or unfortunate man.-a mean, despicable person; one whose character meanness and wickedness meet.
cajolement: the act of cajoling; the state of being cajoled; cajolery.
cajolery: a wheedling to delude; words used in cajoling; flattery.
cajuput: a highly stimulating volatile inflammable oil, distilled from the leaves of an east indian tree (melaleuca cajuputi, etc.) it is greenish in color and has a camphoraceous odor and pungent taste.
cake: a small mass of dough baked; especially, a thin loaf from unleavened dough; as, an oatmeal cake; johnnycake.-a sweetened composition of flour and other ingredients, leavened or unleavened, baked in a loaf or mass of any size or shape.-a thin wafer-shaped mass of fried batter; a griddlecake or pancake; as buckwheat cakes.-a mass of matter concreted, congealed, or molded into a solid mass of any form, esp. into a form rather flat than high; as, a cake of soap; an ague cake.-to form into a cake, or mass.-to concrete or consolidate into a hard mass, as dough in an oven; to coagulate.-to cackle as a goose.
calabarine: an alkaloid resembling physostigmine and occurring with it in the calabar bean.
calabash: the common gourd (plant or fruit).-the fruit of the calabash tree.-a water dipper, bottle, bascket, or other utensil, made from the dry shell of a calabash or gourd.
calade: a slope or declivity in a manege ground down which a horse is made to gallop, to give suppleness to his haunches.
caladium: a genus of aroideous plants, of which some species are cultivated for their immense leaves (which are often curiously blotched with white and red), and others (in polynesia) for food.
calamander wood: a valuable furniture wood from india and ceylon, of a hazel-brown color, with black stripes, very hard in texture. it is a species of ebony, and is obtained from the diospyros quaesita. called also coromandel wood.
calamary: a cephalopod, belonging to the genus loligo and related genera. there are many species. they have a sack of inklike fluid which they discharge from the siphon tube, when pursued or alarmed, in order to confuse their enemies. their shell is a thin horny plate, within the flesh of the back, shaped very much like a quill pen. in america they are called squids. see squid.
calambour: a species of agalloch, or aloes wood, of a dusky or mottled color, of a light, friable texture, and less fragrant than calambac; -- used by cabinetmakers.
calamint: a genus of perennial plants (calamintha) of the mint family, esp. the c. nepeta and c. acinos, which are called also basil thyme.
calamistrum: a comblike structure on the metatarsus of the hind legs of certain spiders (ciniflonidae), used to curl certain fibers in the construction of their webs.
calamite: a fossil plant of the coal formation, having the general form of plants of the modern equiseta (the horsetail or scouring rush family) but sometimes attaining the height of trees, and having the stem more or less woody within. see acrogen, and asterophyllite.
calamitous: suffering calamity; wretched; miserable.-producing, or attended with distress and misery; making wretched; wretched; unhappy.
calamity: any great misfortune or cause of misery; -- generally applied to events or disasters which produce extensive evil, either to communities or individuals.-a state or time of distress or misfortune; misery.
calamus: the indian cane, a plant of the palm family. it furnishes the common rattan. see rattan, and dragon's blood.-a species of acorus (a. calamus), commonly called calamus, or sweet flag. the root has a pungent, aromatic taste, and is used in medicine as a stomachic; the leaves have an aromatic odor, and were formerly used instead of rushes to strew on floors.-the horny basal portion of a feather; the barrel or quill.
calash: a light carriage with low wheels, having a top or hood that can be raised or lowered, seats for inside, a separate seat for the driver, and often a movable front, so that it can be used as either an open or a close carriage.-in canada, a two-wheeled, one-seated vehicle, with a calash top, and the driver's seat elevated in front.-a hood or top of a carriage which can be thrown back at pleasure.-a hood, formerly worn by ladies, which could be drawn forward or thrown back like the top of a carriage.
calaverite: a bronze-yellow massive mineral with metallic luster; a telluride of gold; -- first found in calaveras county california.
calcaneum: one of the bones of the tarsus which in man, forms the great bone of the heel; -- called also fibulare.
calcar: a kind of oven, or reverberatory furnace, used for the calcination of sand and potash, and converting them into frit.-a hollow tube or spur at the base of a petal or corolla.-a slender bony process from the ankle joint of bats, which helps to support the posterior part of the web, in flight.-a spur, or spurlike prominence.-a curved ridge in the floor of the leteral ventricle of the brain; the calcar avis, hippocampus minor, or ergot.
calcarated: having a spur, as the flower of the toadflax and larkspur; spurred.-armed with a spur.
calcareo-argillaceous: consisting of, or containing, calcareous and argillaceous earths.
calcareo-siliceous: consisting of, or containing calcareous and siliceous earths.
calcareous: partaking of the nature of calcite or calcium carbonate; consisting of, or containing, calcium carbonate or carbonate of lime.
calcavella: a sweet wine from portugal; -- so called from the district of carcavelhos.
calced: wearing shoes; calceated; -- in distintion from discalced or barefooted; as the calced carmelites.
calcedon: a foul vein, like chalcedony, in some precious stones.
calceiform: shaped like a slipper, as one petal of the lady's-slipper; calceolate.
calceolaria: a genus of showy herbaceous or shrubby plants, brought from south america; slipperwort. it has a yellow or purple flower, often spotted or striped, the shape of which suggests its name.
calcific: calciferous. specifically: (zool.) of or pertaining to the portion of the oviduct which forms the eggshell in birds and reptiles.
calcification: the process of change into a stony or calcareous substance by the deposition of lime salt; -- normally, as in the formation of bone and of teeth; abnormally, as in calcareous degeneration of tissue.
calcified: consisting of, or containing, calcareous matter or lime salts; calcareous.-of calcify
calcify: to make stony or calcareous by the deposit or secretion of salts of lime.-to become changed into a stony or calcareous condition, in which lime is a principal ingredient, as in the formation of teeth.
calcigenous: tending to form, or to become, a calx or earthlike substance on being oxidized or burnt; as magnesium, calcium. etc.
calcigerous: holding lime or other earthy salts; as, the calcigerous cells of the teeth.
calcimine: a white or colored wash for the ceiling or other plastering of a room, consisting of a mixture of clear glue, paris white or zinc white, and water.-to wash or cover with calcimine; as, to calcimine walls.
calcination: the act or process of disintegrating a substance, or rendering it friable by the action of heat, esp. by the expulsion of some volatile matter, as when carbonic and acid is expelled from carbonate of calcium in the burning of limestone in order to make lime.-the act or process of reducing a metal to an oxide or metallic calx; oxidation.
calcine: to reduce to a powder, or to a friable state, by the action of heat; to expel volatile matter from by means of heat, as carbonic acid from limestone, and thus (usually) to produce disintegration; as to, calcine bones.-to oxidize, as a metal by the action of heat; to reduce to a metallic calx.-to be converted into a powder or friable substance, or into a calx, by the action of heat.
calcispongiae: an order of marine sponges, containing calcareous spicules. see porifera.
calcite: calcium carbonate, or carbonate of lime. it is rhombohedral in its crystallization, and thus distinguished from aragonite.  it includes common limestone, chalk, and marble. called also calc-spar and calcareous spar.
calcium: an elementary substance; a metal which combined with oxygen forms lime. it is of a pale yellow color, tenacious, and malleable. it is a member of the alkaline earth group of elements. atomic weight 40. symbol ca.
calculary: of or pertaining to calculi.-a congeries of little stony knots found in the pulp of the pear and other fruits.
calculate: to ascertain or determine by mathematical processes, usually by the ordinary rules of arithmetic; to reckon up; to estimate; to compute.-to ascertain or predict by mathematical or astrological computations the time, circumstances, or other conditions of; to forecast or compute the character or consequences of; as, to calculate or cast one's nativity.-to adjust for purpose; to adapt by forethought or calculation; to fit or prepare by the adaptation of means to an end; as, to calculate a system of laws for the government and protection of a free people.-to plan; to expect; to think.-to make a calculation; to forecast consequences; to estimate; to compute.
calculated: worked out by calculation; as calculated tables for computing interest; ascertained or conjectured as a result of calculation; as, the calculated place of a planet; the calculated velocity of a cannon ball.-adapted by calculation, contrivance. or forethought to accomplish a purpose; as, to use arts calculated to deceive the people.-likely to produce a certain effect, whether intended or not; fitted; adapted; suited.
calculating: of calculate-of or pertaining to mathematical calculations; performing or able to perform mathematical calculations.-given to contrivance or forethought; forecasting; scheming; as, a cool calculating disposition.-the act or process of making mathematical computations or of estimating results.
calculation: the act or process, or the result, of calculating; computation; reckoning, estimate.-an expectation based on circumstances.
calculator: one who computes or reckons: one who estimates or considers the force and effect of causes, with a view to form a correct estimate of the effects.
calculous: of the nature of a calculus; like stone; gritty; as, a calculous concretion.-caused, or characterized, by the presence of a calculus or calculi; a, a calculous disorder; affected with gravel or stone; as, a calculous person.
calculus: any solid concretion, formed in any part of the body, but most frequent in the organs that act as reservoirs, and in the passages connected with them; as, biliary calculi; urinary calculi, etc.-a method of computation; any process of reasoning by the use of symbols; any branch of mathematics that may involve calculation.
caldron: a large kettle or boiler of copper, brass, or iron. [written also cauldron.]
caledonian: of or pertaining to caledonia or scotland; scottish; scotch.-a native or inhabitant of caledonia or scotland.
caledonite: a hydrous sulphate of copper and lead, found in some parts of caledonia or scotland.
calefacient: making warm; heating.-a substance that excites warmth in the parts to which it is applied, as mustard.
calefaction: the act of warming or heating; the production of heat in a body by the action of fire, or by communication of heat from other bodies.-the state of being heated.
calefactor: a heater; one who, or that which, makes hot, as a stove, etc.
calefactory: making hot; producing or communicating heat.-an apartment in a monastery, warmed and used as a sitting room.-a hollow sphere of metal, filled with hot water, or a chafing dish, placed on the altar in cold weather for the priest to warm his hands with.
calendar: an orderly arrangement of the division of time, adapted to the purposes of civil life, as years, months, weeks, and days; also, a register of the year with its divisions; an almanac.-a tabular statement of the dates of feasts, offices, saints' days, etc., esp. of those which are liable to change yearly according to the varying date of easter.-an orderly list or enumeration of persons, things, or events; a schedule; as, a calendar of state papers; a calendar of bills presented in a legislative assembly; a calendar of causes arranged for trial in court; a calendar of a college or an academy.-to enter or write in a calendar; to register.
calender: a machine, used for the purpose of giving cloth, paper, etc., a smooth, even, and glossy or glazed surface, by cold or hot pressure, or for watering them and giving them a wavy appearance. it consists of two or more cylinders revolving nearly in contact, with the necessary apparatus for moving and regulating.-one who pursues the business of calendering.-to press between rollers for the purpose of making smooth and glossy, or wavy, as woolen and silk stuffs, linens, paper, etc.-one of a sect or order of fantastically dressed or painted dervishes.
calendula: a genus of composite herbaceous plants. one species, calendula officinalis, is the common marigold, and was supposed to blossom on the calends of every month, whence the name.
calendulin: a gummy or mucilaginous tasteless substance obtained from the marigold or calendula, and analogous to bassorin.
calenture: a name formerly given to various fevers occuring in tropics; esp. to a form of furious delirium accompanied by fever, among sailors, which sometimes led the affected person to imagine the sea to be a green field, and to throw himself into it.-to see as in the delirium of one affected with calenture.
calf: the young of the cow, or of the bovine family of quadrupeds. also, the young of some other mammals, as of the elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, and whale.-leather made of the skin of the calf; especially, a fine, light-colored leather used in bookbinding; as, to bind books in calf.-an awkward or silly boy or young man; any silly person; a dolt.-a small island near a larger; as, the calf of man.-a small mass of ice set free from the submerged part of a glacier or berg, and rising to the surface.-the fleshy hinder part of the leg below the knee.
calibrate: to ascertain the caliber of, as of a thermometer tube; also, more generally, to determine or rectify the graduation of, as of the various standards or graduated instruments.
calibration: the process of estimating the caliber a tube, as of a thermometer tube, in order to graduate it to a scale of degrees; also, more generally, the determination of the true value of the spaces in any graduated instrument.
calibre: the diameter of the bore, as a cannon or other firearm, or of any tube; or the weight or size of the projectile which a firearm will carry; as, an 8 inch gun, a 12-pounder, a 44 caliber.-the diameter of round or cylindrical body, as of a bullet or column.-fig.: capacity or compass of mind.
calicle: one of the small cuplike cavities, often with elevated borders, covering the surface of most corals. each is formed by a polyp. (b) one of the cuplike structures inclosing the zooids of certain hydroids. see campanularian.
calico: plain white cloth made from cotton, but which receives distinctive names according to quality and use, as, super calicoes, shirting calicoes, unbleached calicoes, etc.-cotton cloth printed with a figured pattern.-made of, or having the appearance of, calico; -- often applied to an animal, as a horse or cat, on whose body are large patches of a color strikingly different from its main color.
calicoback: the calico bass.-an hemipterous insect (murgantia histrionica) which injures the cabbage and other garden plants; -- called also calico bug and harlequin cabbage bug.
caliculate: relating to, or resembling, a cup; also improperly used for calycular, calyculate.
caligo: dimness or obscurity of sight, dependent upon a speck on the cornea; also, the speck itself.
calin: an alloy of lead and tin, of which the chinese make tea canisters.
calipash: a part of a turtle which is next to the upper shell. it contains a fatty and gelatinous substance of a dull greenish tinge, much esteemed as a delicacy in preparations of turtle.
calipee: a part of a turtle which is attached to the lower shell. it contains a fatty and gelatinous substance of a light yellowish color, much esteemed as a delicacy.
calipers: an instrument, usually resembling a pair of dividers or compasses with curved legs, for measuring the diameter or thickness of bodies, as of work shaped in a lathe or planer, timber, masts, shot, etc.; or the bore of firearms, tubes, etc.; -- called also caliper compasses, or caliber compasses.
caliph: successor or vicar; -- a title of the successors of mohammed both as temporal and spiritual rulers, now used by the sultans of turkey.
caliphate: the office, dignity, or government of a caliph or of the caliphs.
calisaya bark: a valuable kind of peruvian bark obtained from the cinchona calisaya, and other closely related species.
calisthenics: the science, art, or practice of healthful exercise of the body and limbs, to promote strength and gracefulness; light gymnastics.
caliver: an early form of hand gun, variety of the arquebus; originally a gun having a regular size of bore.
calk: to drive tarred oakum into the seams between the planks of (a ship, boat, etc.), to prevent leaking. the calking is completed by smearing the seams with melted pitch.-to make an indentation in the edge of a metal plate, as along a seam in a steam boiler or an iron ship, to force the edge of the upper plate hard against the lower and so fill the crevice.-to copy, as a drawing, by rubbing the back of it with red or black chalk, and then passing a blunt style or needle over the lines, so as to leave a tracing on the paper or other thing against which it is laid or held.-a sharp-pointed piece of iron or steel projecting downward on the shoe of a horse or an ox, to prevent the animal from slipping; -- called also calker, calkin.-an instrument with sharp points, worn on the sole of a shoe or boot, to prevent slipping.-to furnish with calks, to prevent slipping on ice; as, to calk the shoes of a horse or an ox.-to wound with a calk; as when a horse injures a leg or a foot with a calk on one of the other feet.
calker: one who calks.-a calk on a shoe. see calk, n., 1.
calking: of calk-the act or process of making seems tight, as in ships, or of furnishing with calks, as a shoe, or copying, as a drawing.